cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bipolar electrode depletion: membraneless filtration of charged species using an electrogenerated electric field gradient†

We report a method for removing ions from aqueous solutions without the use of a membrane. The approach, which we call bipolar electrode depletion (BED), is based on the formation of an asymmetric electric field profile in a microchannel containing a bipolar electrode (BPE). The asymmetric field arises from local increases in conductivity caused by faradaic reactions at the BPE. We show how the asymmetric field can be used to deplete anions from a microchannel via a combination of electrophoresis and electroosmosis. We also apply this approach to filter an anionic species from a mixture of charged and neutral species being transported through a microchannel via electroosmosis. This technique could be utilized for desalination or filtration of any species possessing a net charge (e.g. heavy-metals, bacteria, proteins, or functionalized-nanoparticles).
Analyses of Deformation in Viscoelastic Sandwich Composites Subject to Moisture Diffusion

Sandwich composites with polymer foam core are currently used in load-bearing components in buildings and naval structures due to their high strength to weight and stiffness to weight ratios, excellent thermal insulation, and ease of manufacturing. During their service time, sandwich composites are exposed to various external mechanical and hygro-thermal stimuli. It is known that the constituent properties of the sandwich composites are greatly influenced by the temperature and moisture fields. Granville [1] conducted experiments to study the effect of moisture on structural, dimensional stability, weight gain and peel strength of sandwich composites. Morganti et al. [2] analyzed the effect of moisture on the dimensional stability of the sandwich composites and concluded that moisture affects the physical behavior of the composite directly by modifying its structural characteristics such as matrix degradation and microcracks between fiber and matrix etc. However, the effect of moisture on the deformations in the sandwich composite with the viscoelastic foam cores has not yet been studied. The time-dependent response of the sandwich composite (due to the viscoelastic foam core) is aggravated in the moist environment conditions. Thus, it becomes necessary to analyze the effect of moisture on the overall response of the sandwich composites.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Against Abstinence-Only Education Abroad Viewing Internet Use During Study Abroad as a Possible Experience Enhancement

As the old model of study abroad welcomes a new generation of student, administrators are forced to grapple with how and whether to adapt the old model to new communication technologies. Assumed in...
Analysis of Multiple Differing Copies of the 16S rRNA Gene in Five Clinical Isolates and Three Type Strains of Nocardia Species and Implications for Species Assignment

Five clinical isolates of Nocardia that showed ambiguous bases within the variable region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence were evaluated for the presence of multiple copies of this gene. The type strains of three Nocardia species, Nocardia concava, Nocardia ignorata, and Nocardia yamanashiensis, which also showed ambiguous bases in the variable region, were also examined. Cloning experiments using an amplified region of the 16S rRNA that contains the variable region showed that each isolate possessed 16S rRNA genes with at least two different sequences. In addition, hybridization studies using a 16S rRNA gene-specific probe and extracted genomic DNA of the patient isolates and of the type strain of N. ignorata showed that each isolate possessed at least three copies of the gene. These multiple differing copies of the 16S rRNA gene and the results of DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicate problems of species definition and identification for such isolates. A broader species concept than that currently in vogue may be required to accommodate such organisms.
The role of platelets in ischemic stroke

Platelets have assumed a role in the development of focal cerebral ischemia by virtue of their participation in thromboemboli that may initiate stroke symptoms. Platelets are one component of the blood-vascular axis responsible for preventing hemorrhage. Activated platelets initiate hemostatic plug formation and provide a scaffolding for coagulation activation. Platelets are activated by a number of stimuli, such as exposure of the vascular subendothelium, fibrin deposition, and abnormal surfaces, e.g., atheromata. A number of observations, including the appearance of platelet thrombi on atheromata in situ, indicate that platelet physiology is relevant to stroke. In addition, certain antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin) significantly reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke after initial transient ischemic attacks. Aspirin, the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, and ticlopidine have all been shown to be useful in reducing the frequency of secondary stroke events. Clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the frequency of secondary vascular ischemic events when stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial disease are considered together. Unfortunately, all antithrombotic agents carry a potential risk for inducing symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage during ischemic stroke. The mechanism by which this may happen with antiplatelet agents has not yet been determined. As in other areas of stroke treatment, it is the balance between efficacy in reduction of symptomatic thrombotic events and the risk for hemorrhage that will define benefit.
The University of Bristol grid, a production campus grid

With the increasing cost of providing computing and storage facilities for research capability, it has become important that universities make increasingly efficient use of their existing resources. The strategy developed at the University of Bristol has involved the design and construction of a campus grid. This has enabled better utilization of spare capacity on available systems connected to the grid and also the separation, for the first time, of those applications that require parallel compute resources (i.e. closely coupled systems) and those that require serial resources. The overall implementation of this strategy was driven by two prime considerations. Firstly, the contributing cluster systems are, in the main, very heavily used and connecting them onto the grid must be done in a non-invasive way to ensure currently executing applications don't have to be interrupted or any other cluster operations compromised. Secondly, the grid has been considered by many scientific users to be over hyped. This implied that we needed to get a system up and running quickly however 'simple' it was to prove the concept was viable. It was hoped that involving real users at an early stage of the grid's construction would lead to them evangelising about the system and thus, encourage more users to use the system.
Presidential Coattails and Open Seats: The District-Level Impact of Heuristic Processing

Recent examinations of the coattail effect report conflicting evidence regarding the contemporary force of presidential coattails. This study contends that the failure to consider possible situational variance in coattail voting has contributed to this ambiguity. Interpreted from the perspective of cognitive theories of decision making, coattail voting can be seen as the behavioral consequence of citizens' reliance on a specific cognitive efficiency mechanism, heuristic processing of source cues. This interpretation suggests that coattail voting should be most prominent when House voters are relatively unfamiliar with the congressional nominees, or do not possess alternative voting cues. District-level aggregate data are examined for the 1976-1988 elections, and results support hypotheses suggested by the heuristic model. Specifically, the impact of presidential coattails on congressional margins is shown to vary substantially, with the coattail effect exhibiting the greatest prominence in open-seat congr...
Targeting a pre-mRNA structure with bipartite antisense molecules modulates tau alternative splicing

Approximately 15% of human genetic diseases are estimated to involve dysregulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Antisense molecules designed to alter these and other splicing events typically target continuous linear sequences of the message. Here, we show that a structural feature in a pre-mRNA can be targeted by bipartite antisense molecules designed to hybridize with the discontinuous elements that flank the structure and thereby alter splicing. We targeted a hairpin structure at the boundary between exon 10 and intron 10 of the pre-mRNA of tau. Mutations in this region that are associated with certain forms of frontotemporal dementia, destabilize the hairpin to cause increased inclusion of exon 10. Via electrophoretic mobility shift and RNase protection assays, we demonstrate that bipartite antisense molecules designed to simultaneously interact with the available sequences that immediately flank the tau pre-mRNA hairpin do indeed bind to this structured region. Moreover, these agents inhibit exon 10 splicing and reverse the effect of destabilizing disease-causing mutations, in both in vitro splicing assays and cell culture. This general bipartite antisense strategy could be employed to modulate other splicing events that are regulated by RNA secondary structure.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Crescendo in Depolarization and Repolarization Heterogeneity Heralds Development of Ventricular Tachycardia in Hospitalized Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure”

We thank Dr Madias for his interest in our study1 and agree that combined assessment of R-wave and T-wave heterogeneity (RWH, TWH) with T-wave alternans (TWA)2 offers the potential for early and improved prediction of impending ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. We concur that a logical next step in the evaluation of this triad of measures is to determine their capacity together …
Evaluation of embouchure dysfunction: Experience of 139 patients at a single center.

Objectives/Hypothesis Our aims are to 1) illustrate the complexity and phenomenological richness of the embouchure; 2) delineate the main clinical features of non-dystonic embouchure problems (NED) versus embouchure dystonia (ED); and 3) provide a practical framework for physicians who may encounter a patient with embouchure dysfunction. Study Design We performed retrospective chart and video review and report 139 instrumentalists with embouchure dysfunction evaluated over a 15-year period. Results Included in this group are 109 ED patients (20 newly reported and 89 previously published) and 30 NED patients. Non-dystonic embouchure problems included the overuse syndrome, infraorbital neuropathy, and orbicularis oris tears, among others. Conclusions Based on this experience, the largest series presented to date, we propose a practical guide to help evaluate patients with embouchure dysfunction in the office. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2015
Die Ätiologie der m. S.

Eigentlich gehoren auch die spater folgenden Abschnitte VI und VII, die die Spirochatenatiologie im allgemeinen und die der m. S. im besonderen behandeln, zum Kapitel „Atiologie“. Zwecks besserer Ubersichtlichkeit wurde aber die Aufteilung in getrennte Abschnitte vorgenommen.
Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis as Stroke Targets

Stroke is the third leading cause of morbidity and long-term disability. Reestablishment of functional microvasculature such as promotion of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the ischemic border creates a hospitable microenvironment for neuronal plasticity leading to functional recovery. To capitalize on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis as therapeutic targets for stroke treatment, knowledge of the precise molecular mechanisms which stimulate these vascular processes is necessary. Vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptors, the Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1)/Tie2 system and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, among other angiogenic factors mediate and contribute to post-ischemic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. This chapter reviews molecular mechanisms which promote angiogenesis and arteriogenesis following cerebral ischemia and the associated vascular remodeling effects of experimental pharmacological (Statins and Niaspan) and cellular (bone marrow stromal cells) approaches for the treatment of stroke.
RANDOM WAVE SIGNAL GENERATION BY MINICOMPUTER

The computer programmed implementation of a pseudorandom noise generator based on the use of a binary feedback shift register and an associated digital filter is described. Descriptive details are given for the compensation of the filter for the various dynamic transfer functions in the system. The random signal generator has been programmed both for a dedicated computer (NOVA 1200 with 4K core) which can carry up to 50 different spectra in core at any one time and for the EAI 64 0 with 16K core and disc storage which was used to investigate the spectral and statistical properties of the generated wave. JONSWAP spectra with 0.6 and 1.0 Herz centre frequencies were generated and observed at locations from 5 to 40 meters from the wave maker using a hydraulically operated machine in a partial piston and partial hinged flap mode m 0.9 meter of water. Measurements indicate that JONSWAP spectra can be closely matched in the flume. The 1.0 Herz spectrum is less stable as a function of distance, all spectra indicate a significant decrease of the spectral peak as a function of distance from the wave maker and the ratio of ^xaax/^av ls ln general larger than that observed by Wiegel and Kukk.
Films for a New DEEL: Documentary Films in the Educational Leadership Classroom.

The discourse on the use of film in the educational leadership classroom is often limited to the viewing of Hollywood features or industry films created for training purposes. We were motivated by ...
Aerodynamic aspects and cooling techniques of turbine blade; numerical studies using URANS and LES

Numerical investigations of turbine blade are carried out using unsteady Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) techniques. The goal of the present studies is to investigate the turbine blade aerodynamics and blade cooling techniques. The simulations are performed for a Reynolds number, Re = 1.3 x 10 6 , based on the chord, c, of the airfoil and free-stream velocity. The computational results reveal the dissipative nature, of URANS, associated with the turbulence modeling.
Swappers: introns promote flexibility, diversity and invention

This paper investigates non-coding and inactive regions in genetic algorithms. The ability to swap information into an active region confers increased flexibility and thus adaptive advantage in dynamic environments.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Silicon Nitride Barrier Films on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Substrates

A singular critical onset strain value has been used to characterize the strain limits of barrier films used in flexible electronics. However, such metrics do not account for time-dependent or environmentally assisted cracking, which can be critical in determining the overall reliability of these thin-film coatings. In this work, the time-dependent channel crack growth behavior of silicon nitride barrier films on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates is investigated in dry and humid environments by tensile tests with in situ optical microscopy and numerical models. The results reveal the occurrence of environmentally assisted crack growth at strains well below the critical onset crack strain and in the absence of polymer-relaxation-assisted, time-dependent crack growth. The crack growth rates in laboratory air are about 1 order of magnitude larger than those tested in dry environments (dry air or dry nitrogen). In laboratory air, crack growth rates increase from ∼200 nm/s to 60 μm/s for applied st...
Stability Of The Hip And Trunk In Paraplegic Electrically Augmented Gait

Stability has long been recognized as a major problem in paraplegic walking. Braces have achieved stability with the loss of other functional activities and sacrifice of speed and energy. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has achieved acceptable speeds but still lacks acceptable hip and trunk stability. The energy costs are also still unacceptable. Causes are a forward leaning posture from a fear of falling backwards, poor foot to foot weight transfer and poor ab-adduction positioning due to insufficient muscle moments and suboptimal stimulation patterns. Proposed solutions are user falling training, improved implantation techniques and improved programming through utilizing precise motion analysis.
Organ localization through anatomy-aware non-rigid registration with atlas

Automated organ localization in medical images can be very effective in enhancing a radiologist's productivity through smarter workflow design and reporting tools. In this paper, we present an algorithm for organ localization in an image through registration with an atlas data. The challenge comes from supporting non-rigid registration of multi-modality inter-patient data. The proposed solution is an extension of blob-based nonrigid registration framework for multi-modality registration. Blob-based framework is a fast non-rigid registration approach providing flexibility of constraints across different image regions or blobs, and which facilitates controlling topological changes inside blobs. An important step in this framework is defining right blobs for a good inter-patient registration. We describe solution to choosing the right blobs through body region identification for acceptable organ localization.
A posteriori environment analysis with Pushdown Delta CFA

Flow-driven higher-order inlining is blocked by free variables, yet current theories of environment analysis cannot reliably cope with multiply-bound variables. One of these, ΔCFA, is a promising theory based on stack change but is undermined by its finite-state model of the stack. We present Pushdown ΔCFA which takes a ΔCFA-approach to pushdown models of control flow and can cope with multiply-bound variables, even in the face of recursion.
Stuck in the Past and the Future: Class Analysis in Postcommunist Poland

Class became virtually a taboo topic in Poland after the fall of the communist system, and a discourse of “normality” took hold. Social scientists and journalists considered new market institutions natural and inescapable and urged people to adapt. Sociologists were more interested in the identity of the new elites than the social consequences of the new capitalism, and a cult of a not-yet-existing “middle class” quickly grew. Inequality and poverty, previously understood as systemic, were now presented as due to individual pathology. That class talk became so marginalized despite the historical robustness of Polish sociology as a discipline is explained by the dominance of a functionalist stratification paradigm, which kept questions relevant to the new system, about emerging class relations and power, from even being raised. Polish sociology thus appeared stuck in the past and in the future—thinking about stratification without power, and imagining an individualist meritocracy as already in effect—but n...
Charmian London: New Woman, Mate-Woman. A Bibliographical Essay

Labor, Earle. Jack London: An American Life. Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2013.Stasz, Clarice. American Dreamers: Charmian and Jack London. St. Martin’s, 1988.Duneer, Anita. “Jack London’s Seafaring Wom...
Waiting for Asian Canada: Fred Wah's Transnational Aesthetics

Fred Wah's 1985 Waiting for Saskatchewan offers a snapshot of the emergence of an Asian Canadian aesthetic, providing a genealogy that positions Asian Canadian writing at the nexus of transnational flows from China, Japan, and the United States, while also emphasizing the cross-ethnic coalitions that give rise to the category of the Asian Canadian in the 1970s and 1980s. Waiting for Saskatchewan offers a complex constellation of Chinese content, Japanese forms, and U.S. aesthetic mediation that nonetheless takes as its “centre” a small Canadian prairie town. The forms of Waiting , from Olsonian projective poetics to the Japanese haibun , reveal Asian Canada as a process of transnational convergence, a dialogic space that is always being rewritten across national borders.
$\beta$-Nonintersecting Poisson Random Walks: Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorems

We study the $\beta$ analogue of the nonintersecting Poisson random walks. We derive a stochastic differential equation of the Stieltjes transform of the empirical measure process, which can be viewed as a dynamical version of the Nekrasov's equation in [7, Section 4]. We find that the empirical measure process converges weakly in the space of cadlag measure-valued processes to a deterministic process, characterized by the quantized free convolution, as introduced in [11]. For suitable initial data, we prove that the rescaled empirical measure process converges weakly in the space of distributions acting on analytic test functions to a Gaussian process. The means and the covariances are universal, and coincide with those of $\beta$-Dyson Brownian motions with the initial data constructed by the Markov-Krein correspondence. Especially, the covariance structure can be described in terms of the Gaussian Free Field. Our proof relies on integrable features of the generators of the $\beta$-nonintersecting Poisson random walks, the method of characteristics, and a coupling technique for Poisson random walks.
Inferences of Judicial Lawmaking Power and the Law of Nations

This article, presented at a symposium occasioned by the publication of A.J. Bellia’ and Bradford Clark’s The Law of Nations and the United States Constitution, seeks to build on their work. It argues that the law of nations at the time of the founding can inform modern questions of statutory interpretation, at least those with structural constitutional implications. For one important statutory problem, namely a judicial inference of the authority to make federal common law from a grant of subject-matter jurisdiction, the legacy of the founding era’s law of nations still matters. Bellia and Clark observe that the Supreme Court twice has invoked an inference of prescriptive power from an assignment of adjudicative authority ‒ what I will call a prescriptive inference ‒ to authorize the federal courts to make (their take on) international law into federal law. In 1917, the Court inferred congressional authorization for the federal courts to make federal common law based on international maritime law from the constitutional and legislative grants of admiralty jurisdiction. In 2004, the Court inferred a power to develop a federal common law of international-law torts from the 1789 Judiciary Act’s grant of jurisdiction over tort claims brought by aliens based on the law of nations. Each of these moves frustrates a central goal that, Bellia and Clark argue, the framers pursued. Both increase the risk that the federal judiciary, acting without support or guidance from the political branches, may disturb the friendly relations of the United States with foreign states. These instances of the prescriptive inference present at least two puzzles. First, why make the inference with respect to admiralty and alien torts, but not alienage jurisdiction, at least in cases invoking the law merchant? The framers created federal alienage jurisdiction to get control over private-law disputes between Americans and foreigners, which State courts had mishandled to the harm of the nation. Why recognize a judicial power to override aberrant state rules in the case of admiralty and alien torts, but not other disputes involving aliens and one of the branches of the law of nations? Second, where does private international law fit in all this? Did the framers hope to promote the development of uniform rules of recognition of foreign law and judgments through the federal courts, just as they expected the courts to apply the international law merchant and maritime law? If the answer is yes, what explains our modern approach, which allows States to disregard private international law whenever they choose? I argue that prescriptive inferences generally are problematic and, in the case of international law, confront strong reasons for their avoidance. Contemporary practice with the law merchant and private international law offers a model for a kind of federalism that tolerates State law affecting foreign relations, while reserving to Congress the power to intervene to suppress State misrule. This model fits admiralty and human rights as much as international commerce and recognition of foreign law and judgments.
Eugenol Nanoencapsulated by Sodium Caseinate: Physical, Antimicrobial, and Biophysical Properties

To improve the application of essential oils as natural antimicrobial preservatives, the objective of the present study was to determine physical, antimicrobial, and biophysical properties of eugenol after nanoencapsulation by sodium caseinate (NaCas). Emulsions were prepared by mixing eugenol in 20.0 mg/mL NaCas solution at an overall eugenol content of 5.0–137.9 mg/mL using shear homogenization. Stable emulsions were observed up to 38.5 mg/mL eugenol, which had droplet diameters of smaller than 125 nm at pH 5–9 after ambient storage for up to 30 days. The encapsulated eugenol had similar minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations as free eugenol against Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, and Salmonella Enteritidis but showed better inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 than free eugenol during incubation at 37 °C for 48 h. After 20 min interaction at 21 °C, bacteria treated with encapsulated eugenol had a greater reduction of intracellular ATP and a greater increase of extracellular ATP than free eugenol, suggesting the enhanced permeation of eugenol after nanoencapsulation. However, such overall trend was not observed when examining bacterial morphology and uptake of crystal violet, suggesting the possible membrane adaptation. Findings from this study showed the feasibility of preparing nanoemulsions with high loading of eugenol using NaCas.
Limiting Gastric Inflation.

Respiratory therapists (RTs) must understand the variables that may cause gastric inflation during bag-valve-mask and mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Given the clinical responsibility RTs assume in providing ventilation with a bag-valve-mask during resuscitation of cardiac arrest victims and prior to
Functional Assays Are Essential for Interpretation of Missense Variants Associated with Variable Expressivity

Missense DNA variants have variable effects upon protein function. Consequently, interpreting their pathogenicity is challenging, especially when they are associated with disease variability. To determine the degree to which functional assays inform interpretation, we analyzed 48 CFTR missense variants associated with variable expressivity of cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed function in a native isogenic context by evaluating CFTR mutants that were stably expressed in the genome of a human airway cell line devoid of endogenous CFTR expression. 21 of 29 variants associated with full expressivity of the CF phenotype generated 25% WT-CFTR function; two were higher than 75% WT-CFTR. As expected, 14 of 19 variants associated with partial expressivity of CF had >25% WT-CFTR function; however, four had minimal to no effect on CFTR function (>75% WT-CFTR). Thus, 6 of 48 (13%) missense variants believed to be disease causing did not alter CFTR function. Functional studies substantially refined pathogenicity assignment with expert annotation and criteria from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology. However, four algorithms (CADD, REVEL, SIFT, and PolyPhen-2) could not differentiate between variants that caused severe, moderate, or minimal reduction in function. In the setting of variable expressivity, these results indicate that functional assays are essential for accurate interpretation of missense variants and that current prediction tools should be used with caution.
Fernando de Magallanes: la creación del mito del héroe

El presente articulo analiza la manera en que los tratados historio­graficos construyeron la imagen de Fernando Magallanes como heroe a traves de los anos y como se creo su mito. La persona historica una vez heroizada tiende a crear su propio mito que contiene, en muchos casos, verdades que no pueden verificarse como historicas. Como resultado es el heroe mitico y no el personaje historico el que queda impreso en la conciencia colectiva.
Adolescent Stealers' and Nonstealers' Social Problem-Solving Skills

Eleven adolescents with a history of stealing in the past year were compared to 11 nonstealers on social problem-solving skills. The stealers showed a tendency not to consider the passage of time necessary for solving social problems on the Means-Ends Problem Solving (MEPS) test. In addition, adolescents who exhibited delinquency tendencies, as measured by the Jesness Inventory, showed a cognitive bias for generating ineffective solutions to hypothetical social problems. Implications for treatment are discussed.
Response of bubbles to ultrasonic radiation pressure: Dynamics in low gravity and shape oscillations

A dual-frequency acoustic levitator containing water was developed for studying bubble and drop dynamics in low gravity. It was flown on the Space Shuttle on USML-1 where it was used in NASA’s Glovebox facility. High frequency (21 or 63 kHz) ultrasonic waves were modulated by low frequencies to excite shape oscillations on bubbles and oil drops ultrasonically trapped in the water. Bubble diameters were typically close to 1 cm or larger. When such large bubbles are acoustically trapped on the earth, the acoustic radiation pressure needed to overcome buoyancy tends to shift the natural frequency for quadrupole (n = 2) oscillations above the prediction of Lamb’s equation. In low gravity, a much weaker trapping force was used and measurements of n = 2 and 3 mode frequencies were closer to the ideal case. Other video observations in low gravity include: (i) the transient reappearance of a bulge where a small bubble has coalesced with a large one, (ii) observations of the dynamics of bubbles coated by oil indicating that shape oscillations can shift a coated bubble away from the oil-water interface of the coating giving a centering of the core, and (iii) the agglomeration of bubbles induced by the sound field.
A persona-based approach for exploring architecturally significant requirements in agile projects

[Context and motivation] Architecturally significant requirements (ASRs) drive and constrain many aspects of the architecture. It is therefore beneficial to elicit and analyze these requirements in early phases of a project so that they can be taken into consideration during the architectural design of the system. Unfortunately failure to invest upfront effort in exploring stakeholders quality concerns, can lead to the need for significant refactoring efforts to accommodate emerging requirements. This problem is particularly evident in agile projects which are inherently incremental. [Question/Problem] Existing techniques for early discovery of ASRs, such as Win-Win and i*, are typically rejected by agile development teams as being somewhat heavy-weight. A light-weight approach is therefore needed to help developers identify and explore critical architectural concerns early in the project. [Principal ideas/results] In this paper we present the use of Architecturally-Savvy Personas (ASP-Lite). The personas are used to emerge and analyze stakeholders' quality concerns and to drive and validate the architectural design. ASP-Lite emerged from our experiences working with the requirements and architectural design of the TraceLab project. The approach proved effective for discovering, analyzing, and managing architecturally significant requirements, and then for designing a high-level architectural solution which was designed to satisfy requirements despite significant interdependencies and tradeoffs. [Contributions] This paper presents the ASP-Lite approach and describes its support for architectural design in the US$2 Million TraceLab project.
Nitration of chloroglyoximes

Abstract Chloro-, dichloro-, and chloromethyl-furoxan have been prepared by dehydro-genation of the corresponding glyoximes. anti-Chloromethylglyoxime reacts with nitrogen dioxide to give chlorooximinoacetone and 2,2-dinitropropiohydroxamoyl chloride in addition to the furoxan.On dehydrochlorination with bicarbonate 2,2-dinitropropiohydroxamoyl chloride is converted to 2,2-dinitropropionitrile oxide which dimerizes spontaneously. The properties, reactions, and structures of these compounds are discussed.
Modeling Risk-based Pension Insurance Premiums

This paper describes how the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) in the U.K. quantifies and prices the risks it carries. It also discusses how the PPF interprets these outcomes in terms of a levy or premium to be charged to the pension plans that it protects. PPF has existed since 2005: it has experienced rapid growth as a consequence of the failure of U.K. pension scheme sponsors and the persistent underfunding of their plans, and it has withstood the global financial crisis, partly due to the Fund’s ability to charge a levy consistent with the risks it faces and its skill in securing stakeholder acceptance of its process. Considering the example of the U.S. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), the PPF was able to introduce the world’s first risk-based pension protection levy, a key step in winning stakeholder support for the pricing mechanism; the components of the levy-setting process are described in this paper. We examine the PPF’s goal to be self-sufficient by 2030. We also review the framework whereby investment and levy strategies can be evaluated in the context of the PPF’s long-term objectives, and we describe the internal model at high level to compute measures of success of different strategies. The Board has been able to use this framework to assess the impact of a change to the basis of indexation of PPF compensation, the cost of removing its compensation cap, and the effect of a potential change in pension scheme funding valuations to permit smoothing of discount rates.
Auto-fatty acylation of transcription factor RFX3 regulates ciliogenesis.

Defects in cilia have been associated with an expanding human disease spectrum known as ciliopathies. Regulatory Factor X 3 (RFX3) is one of the major transcription factors required for ciliogenesis and cilia functions. In addition, RFX3 regulates pancreatic islet cell differentiation and mature β-cell functions. However, how RFX3 protein is regulated at the posttranslational level remains poorly understood. Using chemical reporters of protein fatty acylation and mass spectrometry analysis, here we show that RFX3 transcriptional activity is regulated by S-fatty acylation at a highly conserved cysteine residue in the dimerization domain. Surprisingly, RFX3 undergoes enzyme-independent, “self-catalyzed” auto-fatty acylation and displays preferences for 18-carbon stearic acid and oleic acid. The fatty acylation-deficient mutant of RFX3 shows decreased homodimerization; fails to promote ciliary gene expression, ciliogenesis, and elongation; and impairs Hedgehog signaling. Our findings reveal a regulation of RFX3 transcription factor and link fatty acid metabolism and protein lipidation to the regulation of ciliogenesis.
CHAPTER 46 Alternative Treatments

Most individuals with ASD participate in alternative treatments, which are therapies intended to augment or supplant conventional remedies. Popular alternative treatments for ASD include biomedical interventions such as elimination diets or nutritional supplements and sensorimotor interventions such as swinging or brushing an individual's body. Although little research is available on most of these treatments, some have been found to be unsafe or ineffective. Resources are available to facilitate open communication between practitioners and families about alternative treatments and to help families make informed decisions about them. Over time, efforts to increase access to and quality of conventional care may reduce the impetus for families to seek alternative treatments. Keywords: alternative; autism; complementary; medicine; therapies
Management of Open Abdomen

Damage control laparotomy and the management of an open abdomen are important concepts for general surgeons. The surgical management of the open abdomen and, subsequent definitive closure, is complex. This chapter provides a decision-making algorithm to identify the appropriate closure/management technique with respect to patient-specific conditions.
Understanding Workplace Stress Among Federal Law Enforcement Officers

Research dating back to the 1940s has examined how police work may offer unique and high-volume stressors. While much has been learned from those studies about the sources and consequences of police stress, scholars have typically examined those issues from the perspective of local and state officers. That being the case, much less is known about the sources and consequences of workplace stress among those working at the federal level of law enforcement. To add to this limited knowledge base, here we present findings from 20 in-depth interviews conducted with current federal law enforcement officers in the Southern United States. We provide extensive analysis and description of four key stressors that emerged from the lived experiences of interviewees. This is followed by a discussion of the consequences of these stressors, as well as relevant policy implications.
The causes, consequences and remedies of deforestation in Ethiopia

Forests are one of the most valuable ecosystems in the world, containing over 60% of the world’s biodiversity. This ecosystem has multiple social economic values, apart from its intrinsic value. Forest provides a sustainable environment. Deforestation leads to the disappearance of sustainable development. Deforestation takes place due to multiple of reasons like logging, population growth, urbanization, grazing, construction of dams and reservoirs, habitat fragmentation, slash and burn method of farming, wildfire, global warming, hydroelectric projects. Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of the Ethiopian economy and almost 85% of the societies in Ethiopia engage in agriculture. The agricultural sector in Ethiopia in particular and in Africa, in general, is highly affected by deforestation directly and indirectly. Therefore, this paper focuses not only on the causes and consequences of deforestation but also seeks for better alternatives to tackle deforestation in Ethiopia
Bach’s famous choir: the Saint Thomas School in Leipzig, 1212–1804: by Michael Maul, translated by Richard Howe, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2018, 462 pp., $95.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-78327-169-6

Any history of the St. Thomas School in Leipzig is ultimately going to be distilled into an examination of periods before, during, and after Johann Sebastian Bach’s tenure as cantor there. As Senio...
Student cluster competition 2018, team Ada Six of Purdue University: Reproducing Extreme Scale Multi-Physics Simulations of Tsunamigenic 2004 Sumatra Megathrust Earthquake on Intel Skylake architecture

Abstract This paper describes the Purdue University Supercomputing 2018 (SC18) Student Cluster Competition (SCC) team’s methods for reproducing Uphoff et al.’s paper, “Extreme Scale Multi-Physics Simulations of the Tsunamigenic 2004 Sumatra Megathrust Earthquake”, from the SC17 proceedings. The paper focuses on SeisSol, a seismic wave phenomena and earthquake dynamics software designed for massively parallel systems. During the SCC, the Purdue University team reproduced the simulation of the 2004 Tsunamigenic Sumatra earthquake with a highly optimized version of this software, called Shaking Corals. The effect that the Intel Skylake-based architecture has on the performance was investigated, as well as optimization strategies and scaling studies. Compared to the baseline simulation, an increase in speed and single node performance is shown. The total run time of Shaking Corals is measured with both local and global time stepping, and there is an inverse relationship between run time and total number of nodes. Due to the limited scale of data collection during the competition, it was not confirmed that the reduction of runtime for larger node counts mirrored the exponential decay observed in the original experiment.
On Argentina’s Currency Crisis of 2018

In this note, we discuss the Argentinian crisis initiated in 2018. We identify the roots and contributing factors and provide comments on what may develop going forward.
Greenhouse Gas Footprints for Physicists

Our aim in this paper is to describe an opportunity for physics students and faculty to learn about an environmental issue of much current interest: the quantification, or footprint analysis, of carbon dioxide (CO2) and reactive nitrogen emissions. These can originate from human activities such as energy use, food consumption, and transportation, and are among the greenhouse gases (GHG) that contribute to global warming and rising sea levels. Moreover, nitrogen compounds also have effects on the chemistry and biology of the environment. Analyzing both of these footprints together captures multiple environmental impacts from the local to the global levels and can suggest mitigation strategies. We focus on the experiences of interdisciplinary teams, which included physics students and faculty, and that used the leading greenhouse gas analysis platform SIMAP (Sustainability Indicator Management and Analysis Platform).
Academics as Arbiters: Promoting Equity and Cultural Responsibility in Group-Based Study Abroad.

Study abroad is a high impact practice, touted as a tool for developing global and intercultural awareness. In 2017/18, of the nearly 350,000 U.S. students who studied abroad, sixty-five percent participated in “short-term” programs (IIE, 2018). Short-term programs are often administered as group opportunities, in which students undertake experiential education activities with fellow classmates in a host country. In this study, students from populations that have been historically under-represented in study abroad reflected on their experiences within group programs by centering their unique identities and analyzing how particular identities influenced their experiences within the group and host country. Experiences ranged from agentic and empowering to prejudicial and isolating. For example, some students relied on faculty members to mediate interactions among and between the group and host society. In some cases, instructors provided supportive facilitation while, in others, instructors avoided challenging confrontations and difficult conversations. The group itself, and the group leader, are critical units of analysis for understanding the educational and cross-cultural dimensions of study abroad. Abstract in Spanish El estudio en el extranjero se define como una actividad de alto impacto y se promueve como herramienta para desarrollar tanto la conciencia global como intercultural. En el ano 2017/2018, el sesenta y cinco por ciento de los 350.000 estudiantes estadounidenses que estudiaron en el extranjero participaron en programas de “estadia corta” (IIE 2018). Los programas de estadia corta son desarrollados como oportunidades para interactuar en grupo donde cada estudiante vive experiencias educativas junto a sus companeros en un pais anfitrion. En este estudio, se pidio que estudiantes provenientes de poblaciones que, historicamente, no han estudiado en el extranjero reflexionaran sobre sus experiencias en programas grupales de estadia corta. La reflexion se hizo desde sus propias identidades y el analisis de como sus identidades influenciaron las experiencias dentro del grupo y en el pais anfitrion. Los estudiantes reportaron experiencias que les dieron agencia y empoderamiento y otras que fueron perjudiciales o provocaron sentimientos de aislamiento. Por ejemplo, algunos estudiantes esperaban que sus profesores mediaran las interacciones entre el grupo y con el pais anfitrion. En algunos casos los instructores proveyeron ayuda que facilito dichas interacciones. En otros casos, los instructores evitaron tener conversaciones dificiles. Tanto el grupo como el lider del grupo son unidades de analisis que se deben incluir para entender las dimensiones educativas e interculturales del estudio en el extranjero.
Influence of carbon nano fibers (CNF) on the performance of high strength concrete exposed to elevated temperatures

Abstract Carbon nano fibers (CNFs) were added into high strength concrete (HSC) to evaluate the fire endurance of incumbent matrix. The residual mechanical performance was evaluated by conducting material property tests namely compressive strength, tensile strength, stress-strain response, elastic modulus, compressive toughness and mass loss made with 0.1% CNF and 0.2% CNF as cement replacement in the temperature range of 23 °C to 800 °C. The internal structure damage on exposure to fire was analyzed by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) in macro-phase while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for micro and nano forensics. Being exceptionally conductive and resilient, these fibers reduce spalling potential via low thermal inertia and crack bridging action as established in forensic analysis. The test results revealed better retention in mechanical and physical properties of high strength concrete containing CNFs. Mathematical relationships based on statistical analysis have been proposed for predicting mechanical, durability and energy related properties of HSC modified with varying percentages of CNFs at elevated temperatures.
The emerging frontier of interpersonal communication and neuroscience: scanning the social synapse

Humans are inherently social, driven to communicate and build relationships with one another. The question of how messages between people create shared understanding lies at the core of interperson...
Evaluation of electron currents from cesium-coated tungsten emitter arrays with inclusion of space charge effects, workfunction changes, and screening

Evaluations of electron current output from tungsten emitter arrays with Cs and CsI coatings are carried out. The approach is based on first-principles calculations of the material physics including evaluation of the internal potentials, electronic wavefunctions, tunneling probabilities, and work function to predict field emission currents. This is coupled to time-dependent kinetic simulations for the assessment of emitter array currents with an inclusion of many-body Coulomb contributions from the electron swarm, geometric field enhancements with shielding based on a line charge model and dynamic screening from the swarm. Our numerical evaluations for arrays with a hexagonal lattice show the expected role of field screening with reductions in emitter separation. For scaling with emitter number, the results indicate nearest neighbor separations of more than 2.5 times the emitter height, in keeping with previous reports.
The Methodological Pathway

A project in historic site development involves many more pathways than documentary research, archaeology, analysis and interpretation characteristically associated with historical research alone. In this chapter I will touch on only some of the aspects of an archaeological project such as that carried out in the seach for the Charles Towne settlement. To begin with, archaeology involves the pathway leading to field work to recover, in the soil itself, clues to past human occupation. Historical archaeology also involves the research pathway that is so familiar to historians. The first chapter presented a historical pathway of the Charles Towne settlement from selected written documents that have survived.