cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovering Deceit: Applying Laboratory and Field Research in the Search for Truthful and Deceptive Behavior

“Science is the captain, and practice the soldiers”—Leonardo da Vinci da Vinci’s sage observation may be conceptualized as a guide for applied researchers; the most meaningful psychological research addresses an interesting topic with both basic and applied relevance. Once identi fi ed, the phenomenon of interest should be studied both in the lab—offering a high level of internal validity—and in the “ fi eld”, lacking experimental control but offering more realism, and not rushing to scienti fi c judgment based on or the other (Yuille, 1996 , present volume). Subsequently, converging empirical fi ndings from the lab and fi eld should be responsibly applied in the legal context (e.g., Paz-Alonso, Ogle, & Goodman, present volume; Yuille, 1989 ) . One program of research exemplifying these principles is outlined in this chapter: detecting deception. A key role of judges and jurors at trial is to decide whether various witnesses are lying or telling the truth (see Seniuk, present volume). But is it possible to determine accurately whether a witness is providing an honest and accurate version of events, an unintentionally mistaken memory, or lying through his/her teeth? This issue is not trivial; in an adversarial system, most trials feature contradictory testimony by witnesses (see Connolly & Price, present volume; also see Fisher, Vrij, & Leins, present volume, for research focusing on contradictory statements within witnesses). In increasingly common “he said, she said” cases, there is little or no evidence other than con fl icting stories told by a complainant and defendant, and decision-making is guided almost entirely by credibility assessments (e.g., Porter, Campbell, Birt & Woodworth, 2003 ) . For example, the judge in the Air India mass murder case ( R. v. Malik & Bagri , 2005 ) concluded that the case was reduced to a credibility contest: “... the determination of
Gender, Aging, and Subjective Well-Being:

Previous research has consistently found that men and women have similar levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and other global measures of subjective well-being. This article demonstrates that s...
Real time speech driven facial animation using formant analysis

Formant analysis is a technique widely used for speech analysis and synthesis. In this paper, we present a simple, fast and effective method for real time speech driven facial animation based on formant analysis. Speech signal is first processed by a formant analyzer. Since the resulting formants are known to be correlated with vocal tract shape, the formants can be directly mapped to mouth shapes. In addition, median filter and energy modulation is used to smooth the mouth shape sequence. The smoothed mouth shape sequence is used to animate our synthetic 3D head model with synchronized audio. The proposed method is simple and does not rely on contextual information. Thus it is good for real time two-way communication applications. Since the method extracts mouth shapes from acoustic features, it is language independent. In speaker-independent case, the proposed method is also shown to work well.
Numerical simulations of random spin (and fermionic) models with a wide distribution of energy scales

The magnetic behavior of semiconductors doped with randomly distributed magnetic elements (such as iron or manganese) and/or bound carriers (such as phosphorus or boron in silicon) are described by many-body Hamiltonians with a broad distribution of coupling constants and energy scales. These wide distributions (covering several orders of magnitude in some cases) lead to unusual properties, such as strong suppression of magnetic phase transitions due to quantum fluctuations, unusual thermodynamic behavior in the magnetically ordered phase, etc. The wide distributions also pose several challenges to both analytical and computational approaches used to calculate the physical properties of such systems. We describe some of the techniques that have been applied successfully to such systems, including numerical renormalization group as well as Monte Carlo methods. Examples are drawn from lightly doped conventional semiconductors [Si, Ge] as well as diluted magnetic semiconductors [such as (Cd,Mn)Te and (Ga,Mn)As]. Extension of these methods to diluted magnetic semiconductors in the metallic regime with itinerant carriers (fermionic degrees of freedom) is also discussed.
DISTRIBUTION AND DIET OF LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES) IN THE LOWER BOISE RIVER, IDAHO

ABSTRACT. Where introduced, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are known to have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we used historical museum collection records (1942–2006) and contemporary (2009) collections to assess changes in the distribution of largemouth bass in the lower Boise River (southwestern Idaho). We also examined the stomach contents of largemouth bass collected during the contemporary survey to determine diet. Seventy-four large-mouth bass (45–137 mm TL) were represented in 13 historical collections from 5 lower Boise River locations. During autumn 2009, we sampled 8 sites in the lower Boise River for largemouth bass. Sixty-one largemouth bass (range 55–156 mm TL; = 84 mm) were captured from 5 sites downstream of a 4-m-high diversion dam. Largemouth bass were absent from all sites upstream of the dam. Our contemporary collection data extends the known distribution of largemouth bass 7.2 river km upstream. The long-term persistence (without recent stocking) of large...
On some degenerate and nondegenerate quasilinear elliptic systems with nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition

On considere des systemes elliptiques sous forme diagonale du type DΔu+F(x,u,Δu)=G ou D est une matrice diagonale. On montre que l'on peut obtenir la norme L ∞ pourvu qu'il y ait une bonne structure du systeme
Evolving role of radiation therapy for hematologic malignancies

Radiation therapy continues to play a paramount role in the therapy of hematologic malignancies, whether as definitive therapy, as consolidation after chemotherapy, as part of bone marrow transplantation protocols, or in palliation. During the past 2 decades, significant advances in radiation therapy have occurred, including the evolution of involved-field irradiation and the adoption of conformal radiation administration. It is hoped that modern techniques will reduce the long-term sequelae associated with radiation-based treatments.
SIP: a secure incentive protocol against selfishness in mobile ad hoc networks

Security in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has received intensive attention recently, whereas the issue of selfish nodes, which may refuse to forward packets for others to save their own resources, is not well addressed yet. This kind of noncooperative action would cause a severe problem that is more likely in MANETs compared to their wired counterpart To cope with this problem, we propose SIP: a secure incentive protocol to stimulate cooperation among those possible selfish nodes. The most attractive feature of SIP is that it does not rely on any predeployed infrastructure and provides highly secure incentives for selfish nodes to be cooperative in packet forwarding with low overhead and implementation complexity.
Create a Bacterium: an Engaging Semester-Long Assignment

Like many other educators, I have adapted the “Adopt a Bacterium” exercise developed by Dr. Amy Cheng Vollmer for use in my microbiology course. Building upon the success of the “Adopt a Bacterium,” I developed the “Create a Bacterium” exercise aiming to challenge even more my upper-level undergraduate science majors. To create a bacterium, students not only had to search for and organize information, but also to analyze and evaluate information (higher-order learning skills). Most importantly, students were challenged to engage in the highest level of the cognitive domain of Bloom’s revised taxonomy, synthesis or creation.
Ten years and 1 master settlement agreement later: the nature and frequency of alcohol and tobacco promotion in televised sports, 2000 through 2002.

Objectives. I sought to identify what kinds of promotion for alcohol and tobacco products are found in televised sports programming, as well as how frequently they occur. I compared my findings with data from 5 and 10 years earlier to examine the effects of the Master Settlement Agreement and detect industry trends.Method. A content analysis of more than 83 hours of televised sports programming from 2000 through 2002 was conducted. Composite week sampling was used to ensure results were representative of the overall population of television sports programs. Programs were examined for traditional advertising (commercials) and nontraditional advertising (stadium signs, announcer voiceovers, etc.).Results. Rates of certain types of alcohol advertising have decreased, but what remains is strategically chosen to increase the likelihood of audience exposure. Despite the Master Settlement Agreement, tobacco advertising remains prevalent in many sports. A new trend of placing alcohol and tobacco brand names in co...
Thyroid and Adrenal Response to Heat Stress in Chickens and Quail Differing in Heat Tolerance

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the thyroid and adrenal response in groups of birds with altered heat tolerance. Groups of chickens that had been handled on each of 4 days and a nonhandled control group were bled on the 5th day with or without heating for 1 hr at 50 C. Handling did not affect the thyroid response as indicated by thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Corticosterone levels were lower in handled birds than nonhandled birds after heating. In a second experiment, groups of broilers were fed a diet containing .2% thiouracil or a control diet. After 2 weeks they were bled either with or without 1 hr of heating at 50 C. The T3 and T4 levels were reduced by thiouracil feeding both with and without heating, but adrenal function was not affected. In Experiment 3, T3 and T4 levels were compared for four lines of Japanese quail. The nongrowth-selected line had higher T3 and T4 levels than growth-selected lines but did not have elevated levels of T3 or T4 in response to heat stress. The growth-selected lines (T, S, and P) responded to heating with increased T3 and T4 levels. Levels of T4 in Line T (selected on a thiouracil diet) after heating were significantly higher than all other lines.
Ingeniería del Software: Ciencia o Arte

Si pudieramos contabilizar las veces que nos hemos hecho, o nos han hecho, la pregunta de si la Ingenieria del Software es ciencia o es arte, serian necesarias muchas hojas de papel para anotarlas y responderlas. La respuesta siempre varia dependiendo de la persona y el entorno en el cual se desarrollan las repetidas escenas. En este trabajo llegamos a la conclusion de que, sin importar quien pregunte o quien responda o donde se presente la discusion, en realidad la respuesta es: “ambas”.
Quantitative Detection of Low Energy Impact Damage in a Sandwich Composite UAV Wing

This work describes damage detection efforts applied to a foam core composite wing following a series of low energy impacts in adjacent locations. The wing is a sandwich composite, composed of 4 layers of woven carbon fiber fabric surrounding a short aluminum core in the center (where it’s connected to the fuselage) and a foam core for the outer portions of the wing. The wing measures 1320 mm. × 152.4 mm. × 13.4 mm and has an airfoil cross-section. Thirteen impacts (6 – 8 J deposited energy) were applied at adjacent locations approximately 1/3 of the way out from the center. Following one or two impacts, the wing was tested using static tip deflection and dynamic vibrational excitation. Static and dynamic strains were measured using 8 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Dynamic acceleration was also monitored using 3 conventional accelerometers. Dynamic excitation included the output of a Lorenz oscillator (0 – ∼150 Hz), simulated gust loading (0 – 150 Hz), and Gaussian white noise (0 – 1500 Hz). The analysis is a quantitative assessment of response nonlinearity based on the assumption that the undamaged wing behaves linearly and that the damage introduces nonlinearity into the vibrational response.
Analysis of Water Temperature Records Using A Deterministic-Stochastic Model1

Publisher Summary Box–Jenkins models are useful tools for the analysis and interpretation of water temperature time series for estuaries, and for creating synthetic temperature series. Since 1954, daily observations of the water temperature in the York River estuary have been made at Gloucester Point, Virginia by the staff of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science of the College of William and Mary. For the York River estuary, the earth's rotation about the sun results in a strong seasonal variation that can be approximated by a single sine wave. This behavior has been shown to be consistent over the 24 years of record. These observations were made at the end of a pier that extends 115 m from the shoreline and is located approximately 200 m downriver of the Gloucester Point-Yorktown constriction. The preliminary analysis showed that the seasonal variation of water temperatures could be approximated by a sinusoidal function, but that this simple deterministic model did not account for a portion—about 5%—of the variance in the record. On the other hand, a purely stochastic approach does not seem appropriate for a time series, which consistently shows a strong annual cycle.
Poly(Glutamic Acid) Produced by Bacterial Fermentation

The biosynthesis by specific micro-organisms of polyamides consisting of glutamic acid repeating units that are linked between the a-amino and γ-carboxylic acid functionalities, (γ-PGA), have been known for some time. Reviews by Housewright1 and Troy2 on this interesting biopolymer have been published.
Measurement of PD-L1 in melanoma: a quantitative antibody comparison

Meeting abstracts Immunohistochemical detection of PD-L1 may be used in the future as a biomarker to help select an immunotherapeutic regimen for patients with advanced melanoma. For example, patients whose tumors are PD-L1+ may receive anti-PD-1 monotherapy, and those whose tumors are PD-L1(-) may
Factors Used in U.S. Circuit Court Judges’ Admissibility Decisions in Psychological/Psychiatric, Toxicology, Damages, and Engineering Cases

Content analysis was performed on a systematic sample of 400 U.S. District Court cases published on Lexis between July 1, 1993 and March 1, 2010 in which the admissibility of expert testimony was at issue. These cases were selected from the four most frequently occurring kinds of testimony (clinical psychological/psychiatric, toxicology, damages, and engineering). One-hundred cases from each category were systematically selected by decision date so that they spanned the period of time from the July 1993 Daubert decision to the present. Significant differences were found in the number of expert qualifications, Daubert factors, and non-Daubert factors evaluated by judges. Significant main effects for admissibility ruling were found for the mean number of expert qualifications, the mean number of Daubert factors, the mean number of Daubert factors minus general acceptance, the mean number of mentions of general acceptance, and the mean number of non-Daubert factors evaluated by judges. Significant main effects for admissibility standard were also found for the mean number of Daubert factors and the mean number of Daubert factors minus general acceptance. The admissibility of the evidence was significantly predicted by the number of negative expert evaluations, the number of negative Daubert factor evaluations, the number of positive and negative non-Daubert factor evaluations, the admissibility standard, and the category of evidence. Findings are discussed in the context of the social construction of the admissibility of expert testimony.
Response to Opposition of Plaintiff-Appellee David Bazalar to Motion of Michael J. Bazyler, et. al., for Leave to File a Brief Amicus Curiae

Bakalar v. Vavra, Response to Opposition of Plaintiff-Appellee to our Motion for Leave to File a Brief Amicus Curiae, in Support of Defendants-Appellants Fischer and Vavra, and Reversal. (See also authors' Brief Amicus Curiae Filed in Bakalar v. Vavra, No. 11-4042-cv (2d Cir.)).
Evaluating the Performance of a UAS based Precision Agriculture Imaging Payload

This paper presents a precision agriculture imaging payload flown in an Un manned Aircraft System (UAS) and methods to quantitati vely and qualitati vel y evaluate the performance of the system. Emphasis will be on evaluati ng if potenti al exists to geo-reference imagery, in an automated fashion, using only knowledge of camera parameters along with position and attitude information from the UAS. The ul timate goal is to use the UAS and payload to create a digital map of rel ati ve crop health. This is a desired product because it allows farmers to create a prescription map for position based chemical applications that produce cost savings while increasing yield and preventing run-off. Eval uating the actual payload capable of generating the required input data for precision agriculture, has shown that work still remains to limit the geo-referencing error, but that all the elements exist for automated agricultural asset mapping using a UAS.
Heat evolution in solid state fermentation of apple pomace

The heat evolution in the solid state fermentation of apple pomace to produce ethanol was measured by means of an adiabatic system. The average rate of heat evolution in the fermentation system was 669 cal (2.8 kJ)/kg/h. The total amount of heat generated was 12.4 kcal (52.1 kJ)/kg of apple pomace fermented.
Potentiation of gentamicin nephrotoxicity by metabolic acidosis.

SummaryGentamicin nephrotoxicity was examined in normal rats and in rats chronically ingesting 1% NH4C1 solution. Metabolic acidosis significantly exacerbated gentamicin nephrotoxicity as manifested by elevation of SUN and depression of tissue uptake of PAH and TEA by renal cortical slices. In contrast normal rats given the same dose of gentamicin did not develop nephrotoxicity. Pathological examination confirmed that acute tubular necrosis occurred only in the acid-loaded rats injected with gentamicin.
IV Dexamethasone for Acute Migraine

A randomized trial of dexamethasone 10 mg IV in 205 adult patients presenting with acute migraine to an emergency department (ED) found 25% of those with acute migrainebecame pain-free for at least 24 hours compared to 19% of those given placebo (p=0.34).
Gait Speed as a Guide for Blood Pressure Targets in Older Adults: A Modeling Study

Objectives To evaluate the potential for gait speed to inform decisions regarding optimal systolic blood pressure targets in older adults. Design Forecasting study from 2014 to 2023 using the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, a Markov model. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants U.S. adults aged 60–94 stratified into fast walking, slow walking, and poor functioning (noncompleters) based on measured gait speed. Measurements Lowering SBP to a target of 140 or 150 mmHg was modeled in persons with (secondary prevention) and without (primary prevention) a history of coronary heart disease or stroke. Based on clinical trials and observational studies, it was projected that slow-walking and poor-functioning participants would have greater noncardiovascular mortality. Myocardial infarctions (MIs), strokes, deaths, cost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were measured. Results Regardless of gait speed, it was projected that secondary prevention to a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg would prevent more events and save more money than secondary prevention to 150 mmHg. Similarly, primary prevention to 140 mmHg in fast-walking adults was projected to prevent events and save money. In slow-walking adults, primary prevention to 150 mmHg was projected to prevent MIs and strokes and save DALYs but was cost saving only in men; intensification to 140 mmHg is of uncertain benefit in slow-walking individuals. Primary prevention in poor-functioning adults to a target of 140 or 150 mmHg SBP is projected to decrease DALYs. Conclusion The most cost-effective SBP target varies according to history of cardiovascular disease and gait speed in persons aged 60–94. These projections highlight the need for better estimates of the benefits and harms of antihypertensive medications in a diverse group of older adults, because the net benefit is sensitive to the characteristics of the population treated.
Tapping the Brake for Entry, Descent, and Landing

A matrix of simulations of hypersonic flow over blunt entry vehicles with steady and pulsing retropropulsion jets is presented. Retropropulsion in the supersonic domain is primarily designed to reduce vehicle velocity directly with thrust. Retropropulsion in the hypersonic domain may enable significant pressure recovery through unsteady, oblique shocks while providing a buffer of reactant gases with relatively low total temperature. Improved pressure recovery, a function of Mach number squared and oblique shock angle, could potentially serve to increase aerodynamic drag in this domain. Pulsing jets are studied to include an additional degree of freedom to search for resonances in an already unsteady flow domain with an objective to maximize the time-averaged drag coefficient. In this paradigm, small jets with minimal footprints of the nozzle exit on the vehicle forebody may be capable of delivering the requisite perturbations to the flow. Simulations are executed assuming inviscid, symmetric flow of a perfect gas to enable a rapid assessment of the parameter space (nozzle geometry, plenum conditions, jet pulse frequency). The pulsed-jet configuration produces moderately larger drag than the constant jet configuration but smaller drag than the jet-off case in this preliminary examination of a single design point. The fundamentals of a new algorithm for this challenging application with time dependent, interacting discontinuities using the feature detection capabilities of Walsh functions are introduced.
Unemployment, Competitiveness and the Welfare State

Fifteen years ago, presidential candidate Francois Mitterand char¬acterized full employment as a moral obligation: «A country like ours, with 1,500,000 unemployed, ceases to be a free country». But today, France has unemployment, at 3.1 million, of twice that level.
Noise density estimation using neural networks

A neural network for estimation of unknown noise densities and their gradients is presented. The network structure is similar to a radial basis function. The learning rule is, however, different and has an unsupervised nature that ensures a valid probability density. The algorithm is fast and provides good estimates of noise densities. One and two dimensional examples are reported. >
Photon-counting detectors for pump-probe science

Many areas of science use x-ray, pump-probe techniques to explore how atomic-scale systems react to an excitation. If a short-duration pump is used to stimulate the sample, the state of the sample can be followed on very fast time scales by varying the delay between the exciting pump and the x-ray probe. Often the difference between excited and static samples is subtle and challenging to determine due to changes in the sample, beam variability, and other systematic uncertainties. To address this, a new hybrid x-ray detector incorporating a pair of counters within each pixel is being developed. A global gate selects which of these two counters is active and will allow for one counter to be dedicated to collecting pumped and the other un-pumped data in a time-interleaved manner, which should result in more accurate measurements. The cycle response time of the detector will be under 100 ns and so be compatible with the camshaft mode at SSRL and 24-bunch mode at the APS, as well as various bunch structures at many synchrotrons.
Impact of natural gas development in the Marcellus and Utica shales on regional ozone and fine particulate matter levels

Abstract The Marcellus and Utica shale formations have recently been the focus of intense natural gas development and production, increasing regional air pollutant emissions. Here we examine the effects of these emissions on regional ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels using the chemical transport model, CAMx, and estimate the public health costs with BenMAP. Simulations were performed for three emissions scenarios for the year 2020 that span a range potential development storylines. In areas with the most gas development, the ‘Medium Emissions’ scenario, which corresponds to an intermediate level of development and widespread adoption of new equipment with lower emissions, is predicted to increase 8-hourly ozone design values by up to 2.5 ppbv and average annual PM2.5 concentrations by as much as 0.27 μg/m3. These impacts could range from as much as a factor of two higher to a factor of three lower depending on the level of development and the adoption of emission controls. Smaller impacts (e.g. 0.1–0.5 ppbv of ozone, depending on the emissions scenario) are predicted for non-attainment areas located downwind of the Marcellus region such as New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC. Premature deaths for the ‘Medium Emissions’ scenario are predicted to increase by 200–460 annually. The health impacts as well as the changes in ozone and PM2.5 were all driven primarily by NOx emissions.
An accurate, tractable, and analytically integrable polynomial expansion of the skewed Student’s t-distribution

ABSTRACTAn integrable polynomial expansion is derived for the skewed Student’s t-distribution. Analytic integration of the density function results in a polynomial expression for the cumulative distribution function too, which is easily manageable from a numerical and mathematical point of view and enables computing quantiles with minimum numerical effort.
Study of SV40 large T antigen nucleotide specificity for DNA unwinding

Simian Virus 40 (SV40) Large Tumor Antigen (LT) is an essential enzyme that plays a vital role in viral DNA replication in mammalian cells. As a replicative helicase and initiator, LT assembles as a double-hexamer at the SV40 origin to initiate genomic replication. In this process, LT converts the chemical energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis into the mechanical work required for unwinding replication forks. It has been demonstrated that even though LT primarily utilizes ATP to unwind DNA, other NTPs can also support low DNA helicase activity. Despite previous studies on specific LT residues involved in ATP hydrolysis, no systematic study has been done to elucidate the residues participating in the selective usage of different nucleotides by LT. In this study, we performed a systematic mutational analysis around the nucleotide pocket and identified residues regulating the specificity for ATP, TTP and UTP in LT DNA unwinding. We performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate 16 LT nucleotide pocket mutants and characterized each mutant’s ability to unwind double-stranded DNA, oligomerize, and bind different nucleotides using helicase assays, size-exclusion chromatography, and isothermal titration calorimetry, respectively. We identified four residues in the nucleotide pocket of LT, cS430, tK419, cW393 and cL557 that selectively displayed more profound impact on using certain nucleotides for LT DNA helicase activity. Little is known regarding the mechanisms of nucleotide specificity in SV40 LT DNA unwinding despite the abundance of information available for understanding LT nucleotide hydrolysis. The systematic residue analysis performed in this report provides significant insight into the selective usage of different nucleotides in LT helicase activity, increasing our understanding of how LT may structurally prefer different energy sources for its various targeted cellular activities.
Fasudil, a Clinically Used ROCK Inhibitor, Stabilizes Rod Photoreceptor Synapses after Retinal Detachment.

PURPOSE Retinal detachment disrupts the rod-bipolar synapse in the outer plexiform layer by retraction of rod axons. We showed that breakage is due to RhoA activation whereas inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK), using Y27632, reduces synaptic damage. We test whether the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, used for other clinical applications, can prevent synaptic injury after detachment. METHODS Detachments were made in pigs by subretinal injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) or fasudil (1, 10 mM). In some animals, fasudil was injected intravitreally after BSS-induced detachment. After 2 to 4 hours, retinae were fixed for immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Axon retraction was quantified by imaging synaptic vesicle label in the outer nuclear layer. Apoptosis was analyzed using propidium iodide staining. For biochemical analysis by Western blotting, retinal explants, detached from retinal pigmented epithelium, were cultured for 2 hours. RESULTS Subretinal injection of fasudil (10 mM) reduced retraction of rod spherules by 51.3% compared to control detachments (n = 3 pigs, P = 0.002). Intravitreal injection of 10 mM fasudil, a more clinically feasible route of administration, also reduced retraction (28.7%, n = 5, P < 0.05). Controls had no photoreceptor degeneration at 2 hours, but by 4 hours apoptosis was evident. Fasudil 10 mM reduced pyknotic nuclei by 55.7% (n = 4, P < 0.001). Phosphorylation of cofilin and myosin light chain, downstream effectors of ROCK, was decreased with 30 μM fasudil (n = 8-10 explants, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ROCK signaling with fasudil reduced photoreceptor degeneration and preserved the rod-bipolar synapse after retinal detachment. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE These results support the possibility, previously tested with Y27632, that ROCK inhibition may attenuate synaptic damage in iatrogenic detachments.
The Unmoneyed Experience

While low-income students may receive financial aid to cover tuition and basic living expenses, there is more they cannot afford that separates them from their classmates. Having limited financial resources impacts every aspect of a student’s college experience, from the classroom to the dorm room to the playing fields. They may find their study time cut short due to work obligations. They may struggle to buy books, or art materials. They may not be able to join friends for a dinner out, or participate in sports, due to equipment and travel costs. One way or another, low-income students miss out. This chapter argues that we don’t guarantee all students an equal college experience.
Using recyclable magnetic carbon nanotube to remove micropollutants from aqueous solutions

Abstract Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNs) were synthesized using a new hydrothermal method. The new developed MCNs were evaluated for removal of Metolachlor, Bisphenol-A, Tonalide, Triclosan, Ketoprofen and Estriol from aqueous solutions. Using response surface methodology, a predicting removal model was developed based on solution pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. Experimental results showed high agreement with the predicted ones at optimum conditions. In addition, experimental results were modeled by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, which directed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. MCN presented good adsorption capacity in which Bisphenol-A, Ketoprofen and Tonalide were the most effectively removed micropollutants, with 98, 96 and 96% removal within 47 min, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous for the micropollutants. Adsorbate regeneration studies were done with methanol, ethanol, HCl, NaOH and hydrogen peroxide in five regenerating cycles. Methanol had the highest level of adsorbent recovery. MCN can be used as a sustainable adsorbent for adsorption of the studied micropollutants.
DNA:EBMA-1 Interactions and Latency of Epstein-Barr Virus

During latent infection EBV genomes are maintained as nucleosome-covered episomes. Recombinant DNA vectors carrying the EBV plasmid origin of replication (ori-P) are maintained in transfected cells in an unintegrated state if EBNA-1 is being concomitantly expressed in the cells (1). Thus EBNA-1 is the only viral protein required, in addition to the cellular replication machinery, to replicate the episomal form of the EBV genome. The EBV origin of plasmid replication is located within an 1800bp segment (bases 7,334 to 9,519 of the EBV genome) and consists of two essential domains, Region I (family of repeats) and Region II (the dyad symmetry) that are separated by approximately 1000bp. (2,3). EBNA-1 mediates its replication function through sequence-specific binding to the two domains of ori-P. Rawlins et al. (4) showed by DNAase I protection studies that Region I of ori-P consists of 20 tandemly repeated binding sites for EBNA-1 while Region II contains 4 overlapping binding sites. An additional binding locus (Region III) was also identified in a separate region of the genome in BamHI-Q.
Genes for the Extensins, an Abundant Class of Proteins

Hydroxyproline occurs in only a few classes of proteins; however, it is one of the most abundant amino acids. Most of these proteins are located in extracellular matrices, for example, the collagens of animals and the arabinogalactan proteins and extensins (hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins or HRGPs) of plants. It is because of this that hydroxyproline is a major constituent of extracellular matrix proteins in both plants and animals.
Problems of Conceptualization and Design in Research on the Evaluation of Treatment for Drug Abuse

Beginning in 1969, the staff of the Institute of Behavioral Research (IBR) undertook responsibility for a large-scale, prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for drug abuse (Sells, 1974; Sells and Simpson, 1967). In the course of this research, 43, 943 patients were tracked from admission to termination of treatment, an interval varying from one day, in some cases, to over three years, in others. During treatment-evaluation, studies have been completed for three cohorts, as follows: Cohort 1, 11,383 patients, 23 agencies, admissions between 6–1-69 and 5–31–71 Cohort 2, 15,831 patients, 35 agencies, admissions between 6–1-71 and 5–31–72 Cohort 3, 16,729 patients, 53 agencies, admissions between 6–1-72 and 3–31–73 In the fall of 1974, a follow-up study of the first two cohorts was initiated, with samples of approximately 2000 patients from each cohort. The field work for Cohort 1 is currently in progress.
Variation of the alkyl side chain in Δ8-THC

The synthesis of (2'RS)-2'-methyl-, (3'RS)-, (3'S)-3'-methyl-, and 4'-methyl-delta 8-THC has been carried out, and the pharmacology of all four compounds has been investigated. All four compounds showed typical cannabinoid activity both in vitro and in vivo. The 2'-methyl compound is somewhat more active than delta 8-THC, while the 4'-methyl isomer is less active. The 3'-methyl-delta 8-THC has approximately the same activity as the parent cannabinoid.
Effect of Peer Comparison Letters for High-Volume Primary Care Prescribers of Quetiapine in Older and Disabled Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Antipsychotic agents, such as quetiapine fumarate, are frequently overprescribed for indications not supported by clinical evidence, potentially causing harm. Objective To investigate if peer comparison letters targeting high-volume primary care prescribers of quetiapine meaningfully reduce their prescribing. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized clinical trial (intent to treat) conducted from 2015 to 2017 of prescribers and their patients nationwide in the Medicare program. The trial targeted the 5055 highest-volume primary care prescribers of quetiapine in 2013 and 2014 (approximately 5% of all primary care prescribers of quetiapine). Interventions Prescribers were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive a placebo letter or 3 peer comparison letters stating that their quetiapine prescribing was high relative to their peers and was under review by Medicare. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the total quetiapine days supplied by prescribers from the intervention start to 9 months. Secondary outcomes included quetiapine receipt from all prescribers by baseline patients, quetiapine receipt by patients with low-value or guideline-concordant indications for therapy, mortality, and hospital use. In exploratory analyses, the study followed outcomes to 2 years. Results Of the 5055 prescribers, 231 (4.6%) were general practitioners, 2428 (48.0%) were in family medicine, and 2396 (47.4%) were in internal medicine; 4155 (82.2%) were male. All were included in the analyses. Over 9 months, the treatment arm supplied 11.1% fewer quetiapine days per prescriber vs the control arm (2456 vs 2864 days; percentage difference, 11.1% fewer days; 95% CI, −13.1% to −9.2% days;P Conclusions and Relevance Peer comparison letters caused substantial and durable reductions in quetiapine prescribing, with no evidence of negative effects on patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02467933
Development of a flooded-bed scrubber for removing coal dust at a longwall mining section

Abstract Dust generation resulting from various mining activities, such as excavation, loading, and transportation, is a major health and safety issue in underground longwall mines. This issue has been intensified by the increased production rates associated with modern equipment, technologies, and mining methods. In response to a report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), showing an increasing trend in Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP), the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) established new dust regulations mandating lower dust concentrations and more frequent dust sampling. This research focuses on the viability of enhancing dust control techniques by integrating a flooded-bed dust scrubber into a longwall shearer. To accomplish this objective, a full-scale physical model of a Joy 7LS longwall shearer, modified to accommodate the scrubber, was designed and fabricated at the University of Kentucky. Subsequently, this mock-up was transported to the longwall test gallery at the NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) for testing. The paper provides a brief description of longwall mining, the operation of a flooded-bed scrubber, and a comprehensive overview of previous attempts at applying scrubbers to longwall shearers. Next, it describes the conceptual design and working principles of the flooded-bed dust scrubber as integrated into the shearer mock-up. The paper concludes with results of shakedown tests, indicating dust reduction from 46% to 53% in the return airways of the test gallery. These promising results demonstrate the potential health and safety benefits of the proposed concept and justify further investigation into its testing, refinement, and application.
Type 2 diabetes as a predictor of survival among breast cancer patients: the multiethnic cohort.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with survival of breast cancer (BC) patients across five ethnic groups within the Multiethnic Cohort study. Between recruitment in 1993–1996 and 2013, 7570 incident BC cases were identified through SEER cancer registries in Hawaii and California. T2D diagnosed before BC was ascertained in 1013 women from self-reports and confirmed by administrative data sources. Covariate information was collected by questionnaire. Cox regression analysis with age as the time metric and BMI as time-varying exposure was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for BC-specific and all-cause survival while adjusting for known prognostic factors. In total, 2119 all-cause and 730 BC-specific deaths were recorded with corresponding 5-year survival rates of 86 and 93%. T2D was not a significant predictor of BC-specific survival (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65–1.09), but mortality was 36% lower for those with < 7 years of T2D than a longer history of T2D. On the other hand, all-cause mortality was higher in women with T2D (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.40), especially in women with T2D of ≥ 7 years duration (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.07–1.49). In women receiving none or either chemotherapy or radiation but not both, T2D predicted higher all-cause mortality (Pinteraction = 0.004). Variations in the association of T2D with mortality across ethnic groups were small. T2D was associated with higher all-cause but not BC-specific mortality among women with BC in the Multiethnic Cohort study. However, T2D affected survival in cases who did not receive both radiation and chemotherapy.
First-Generation College Students’ Perceived Barriers and Career Outcome Expectations: Exploring Contextual and Cognitive Factors:

The current study explores contextual factors that contribute to the linkage between perceived barriers and career outcome expectations of first-generation college students (FGCS). The authors test...
Influence of surgical margin completeness on risk of local tumour recurrence in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present peer-reviewed veterinary literature contains conflicting information regarding the impact of surgical margin completeness on risk of local tumour recurrence in canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to answer the clinical question: "Does obtaining microscopically tumour-free surgical margins reduce risk for local tumour recurrence in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous STS?" A total of 486 citations were screened, 66 of which underwent full-text evaluation, with 10 studies representing 278 STS excisions ultimately included. Cumulatively, 16/164 (9.8%) of completely excised and 38/114 (33.3%) of incompletely excised STS recurred. Overall relative risk of 0.396 (95% confidence interval = 0.248-0.632) was calculated for local recurrence in STS excised with complete margins as compared to STS excised with incomplete margins. Risk of bias was judged to be low for all studies in terms of selection bias and detection bias but high for all studies in terms of performance bias and exclusion bias. The results of the present meta-analysis, coupled with the results of individual previous studies, strongly suggest that microscopically complete surgical margins confer a significantly reduced risk for local tumour recurrence in canine STS. Future studies ideally should adhere to standardized conducting and reporting guidelines to reduce systematic bias.
Light and heavy chain deposition revealed by repeat renal biopsy after inconclusive initial biopsy

Monoclonal gammopathy is a premalignant condition associated with an abnormal circulating immunoglobulin indicative of an expanded B cell clone. Apart from monitoring, no other intensive management is prescribed in these cases. Periodic bone marrow biopsies when free light chain imbalances are detected are used to spot incidental cases of multiple myeloma. New reports have suggested the existence of a monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance where a circulating antibody and normal bone marrow biopsy results may be associated with proteinuric renal disease due to monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with an immunoglobulin G kappa monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and an initial inconclusive renal biopsy. His chronic kidney disease worsened with persistence of 0.5 g of proteinuria. Given the finding of ongoing Bence Jones proteinuria, a repeat renal biopsy was done revealing monoclonal immunoglobulin G kappa de...
“My voice speaks for itself”: The experiences of three transgender students in American secondary school choral programs:

With the purpose of furthering lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and allies/agender/asexual (LGBTQA) dialogue in music education and to improve choral instruction for trans(g...
The Kingdom of Chelmis: Architecture, Material Culture, and the Modern Landscape of the Western Argolid

Fieldwork at the settlement of Chelmis in the Western Argolid provides a case study in the archaeological documentation of the Modern landscape of Greece. Over the last 40 years, archaeologists hav...
Analysis and Discussions on the Nonuniformity Problem of SCR Denitration Equipment NOx Concentration Distribution in a 600MW Coal-fired Unit

Combining with an engineering example, from the aspects of SCR inlet NOx concentration distribution, flue gas velocity uniformity, ammonia injection valve opening, ash deposit, abrasion and flue arrangement, the uniformity problem of SCR denitration equipment outlet NOx concentration distribution is analyzed and discussed in a 660MW coal-fired unit. The results show that the uneven distribution of NOx concentration is caused by the combined action of many factors. In the cause analysis and solution formulation, the influence factors need be overall consideration. By adjusting the ammonia injection valve opening, the uniformity of SCR outlet NOx concentration increases by about 30%, the performance of SCR denitration equipment is obviously improved. At the same time, rationalization proposals and solution measures for the improvement of outlet concentration uniformity are given in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of denitration equipment.
Aminopyrazole based CDK9 PROTAC sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to venetoclax.

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family which is involved in transcriptional regulation of several genes, including the oncogene Myc, and is a validated target for pancreatic cancer. Here we report the development of an aminopyrazole based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC 2) that selectively degrades CDK9 (DC50 = 158 ± 6 nM). Mass spectrometry-based kinome profiling shows PROTAC 2 selectively degrades CDK9 in MiaPaCa2 cells and sensitizes them to Venetoclax mediated growth inhibition.
Approach to Assess Basic Deterministic Data and Model Form Uncertaint in Passive and Active Vibration Isolation

This contribution continues ongoing own research on uncertainty quantification in structural vibration isolation in early design stage by various deterministic and non-deterministic approaches. It takes into account one simple structural dynamic system example throughout the investigation: a one mass oscillator subject to passive and active vibration isolation. In this context, passive means that the vibration isolation only depends on preset inertia, damping, and stiffness properties. Active means that additional controlled forces enhance vibration isolation. The simple system allows a holistic, consistent and transparent look into mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, experimental test and uncertainty quantification for verification and validation. The oscillator represents fundamental structural dynamic behavior of machines, trusses, suspension legs etc. under variable mechanical loading. This contribution assesses basic experimental data and mathematical model form uncertainty in predicting the passive and enhanced vibration isolation after model calibration as the basis for further deterministic and non-deterministic uncertainty quantification measures. The prediction covers six different damping cases, three for passive and three for active configuration. A least squares minimization (LSM) enables calibrating multiple model parameters using different outcomes in time and in frequency domain from experimental observations. Its adequacy strongly depends on varied damping properties, especially in passive configuration.
Area computation for triangular area or perimeter bisecting deltoids

All convex polygons whose envelopes of all area or perimeter-bisecting lines, their area or perimeter-bisecting deltoids, are tri-cusped and tri-concave-out (segment-free) closed curves were classified by the authors in a recent article. The present paper computes the area of each envelope as a fraction of the area of its corresponding polygon, thereby generalizing the formulas obtained for triangles by a group of students led by John Conway for the area-bisecting deltoid, and by the authors for the perimeter-bisecting deltoid.