cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attraction, Feeding, and Control of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) with Gf-120 and Added Ammonia in Washington State

Abstract Experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in western Washington state to determine effects of adding ammonium carbonate (AC) and ammonium acetate (AA) to GF-120 NF Naturalyte® Fruit Fly Bait (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) on attraction, feeding, and control of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). In the field, sticky yellow panel traps baited with GF-120 + 10% AC attracted more flies than those baited with GF-120 + 10% AA or GF-120 alone. In the laboratory, female flies responded more frequently to sucrose and 20% GF-120 than to water and 40% GF-120 + 10% AA on apples, perhaps because of the confined conditions during testing. In the field, fly attraction and feeding were greater for GF-120 + 10% or 2.5% AC or AA than GF-120 alone on apple leaves. In 2 spray tests with 100 mL of GF-120 alone and GF-120 + 2.5% AC or AA applied on single apple trees, larval infestations in fruit were reduced up to 99% compared with controls, but there were no differences among treatments, and...
Smoking status and life expectancy after acute myocardial infarction in the elderly

Objective Smokers have lower short-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than non-smokers; however, little is known about the long-term effects of smoking on life expectancy after AMI. This study aimed to quantify the burden of smoking after AMI using life expectancy and years of life lost. Methods We analysed data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project, a medical record study of 158 349 elderly Medicare patients with AMI and over 17 years of follow-up, to evaluate the age-specific association of smoking with life expectancy and years of life lost after AMI. Results Our sample included 23 447 (14.8%) current smokers. Current smokers had lower crude mortality up to 5 years, which was largely explained by their younger age at AMI. After adjustment other patient characteristics, smoking was associated with lower 30-day (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) but higher long-term mortality (17-year HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.20) after AMI. Overall, crude life expectancy estimates were lower for current smokers than non-smokers at all ages, which translated into sizeable numbers of life-years lost attributable to smoking. As age at AMI increased, the magnitude of life-years lost due to smoking decreased. After full risk adjustment, the differences in life expectancy between current smokers and non-smokers persisted at all ages. Conclusions Current smoking is associated with lower life expectancy and large numbers of life-years lost after AMI. Our findings lend additional support to smoking cessation efforts after AMI.
The Perilipins: Major Cytosolic Lipid Droplet–Associated Proteins and Their Roles in Cellular Lipid Storage, Mobilization, and Systemic Homeostasis*

The discovery by Dr. Constantine Londos of perilipin 1, the major scaffold protein at the surface of cytosolic lipid droplets in adipocytes, marked a fundamental conceptual change in the understanding of lipolytic regulation. Focus then shifted from the enzymatic activation of lipases to substrate accessibility, mediated by perilipin-dependent protein sequestration and recruitment. Consequently, the lipid droplet became recognized as a unique, metabolically active cellular organelle and its surface as the active site for novel protein-protein interactions. A new area of investigation emerged, centered on lipid droplets' biology and their role in energy homeostasis. The perilipin family is of ancient origin and has expanded to include five mammalian genes and a growing list of evolutionarily conserved members. Universally, the perilipins modulate cellular lipid storage. This review provides a summary that connects the perilipins to both cellular and whole-body homeostasis.
Histochemical and quantitative studies of the in vitro dehydrogenase activity of spleen in hypersplenism.

Tetrazolium chloride was used to visualize the in vitro dehydrogenase activity of splenic tissues from cases with and without hypersplenism. In addition, quantitative measurements of such activity were made in the presence and absence of fluoride, malonate and azide. The data indicate that spleen slices from cases of hypersplenism differed from the controls and were characterized by (a) increased endogenous dehydrogenase activity of the lymphocytes, particularly around the follicles, (b) a decreased azide stimulation in those cases having an initial thrombocytopenia which responded to splenectomy, and (c) a decreased fluoride stimulation in those cases having an initial leukopenia which responded to splenectomy. Routine histological studies confirmed other reports that a constant structural feature of the spleen in hypersplenism is a perifollicular lymphocytic rimming.
Abstract TP18: Recanalization in Acute Stroke Interventions with Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy as a Stand Alone Technique

Background and Purpose: Manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) represents an alternative means to open occluded intracranial vessels. The technique involves advancing a large bore catheter into the thrombus and manually aspirating through a syringe. We have previously reported our experience with nearly 200 patients, however most cases involved the use of an adjunctive device such as the MERCI retriever to facilitate clot disruption or advancement of the catheter through the tortuous carotid siphon. This selected case series represents those patients treated with MAT alone. Methods: The University of Pittsburgh acute stroke database was retrospectively reviewed to evaluate those patients presenting with a large vessel intracranial occlusion who were treated with MAT. The decision to treat was based on the amount of brain still considered at risk based on CT, CTP, or MRI, and not on time from onset. Patients were excluded if an adjunctive device was used to facilitate catheter advancement or clot disruption/removal. These devices included the MERCI retriever, Penumbra aspiration system, Solitaire, TREVO, stent, or balloon. Intra-arterial thrombolytics or antiplatelets were allowed. Results: Forty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean/median NIHSS was 17/16. The mean/median time from last seen normal to groin puncture was 8.3/6.5 hours. The mean/median time from groin puncture to recanalization was 50/40 minutes. The target vessel was the basilar, M1, and ICA-terminus in 7, 30, and 10 patients respectively. The mean/median number of aspiration attempts was 1.7/1. All patients achieved at least TIMI 2 recanalization, owing to the fact that failure to achieve this result prompted the use of an adjunctive device. 42/47 patients achieved TICI 2B/3 recanalization. Conclusions: Pure MAT without the use of an adjunctive device represents another method to achieve intracranial recanalization with the potential for significant cost savings. Safety and outcomes must still be evaluated.
Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Pure Te, (Hg1−x Cdx)1−yTey and (Hg1−xZnx)1−yTey

The thermal diffusivities of (Hg1−xCdx)1−yTey and (Hg1−xZnx)1−yTey with 0.55 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 and 0.0125 ≤ x ≤ 0.05465 and of pure Te are measured over a wide temperature range by the laser flash technique. The diffusivity of near pseudobinary Hg1-xCdxTe solids decrease more rapidly with temperature approaching the melting point than pseudobinary solids previously reported. The solid diffusivity for x=0.02817 is 0.83 mm2/s at 371 °C, decreasing to 0.22 mm2/s at 614 °C. The diffusivity of Te rich (Hg1−xCdx)1−yTey melt increases with x and with temperature. The melt diffusivity for x=0.03934 is 0.91 mm2/s at 485 °C, increasing to 4.93 mm2/s at 851 °C. For Te rich (Hg1−xZnx)1−yTey melt with x=0.0125 and y=0.7944 there appears to be a minimum diffusivity of about 2.6 mm2/s near 700 °C. The thermal diffusivity of pure Te solid is 0.97 mm2/s at 300 °C and decreases to 0.64 mm2/s at 439 °C. The melt diffusivity is 1.52 mm2/s at 486 °C, increasing to 3.48 mm2/s at 584 °C.
The Etiology of Common ColdsThe Probable Role of a Filtrable Virus as the Causative Factor: With Experiments on the Cultivation of a Minute Micro-Organism from the Nasal Secretion Filtrates

Numerous attempts have been madeto demonstrate the specific cause of the extremely prevalent catarrhal affections of the upper respiratory tract, popularly known as "common colds." In reviewing the literature, however, one is struck by the multiplicity of organisms to which an etiologic relation has been ascribed. B. influenzae, Strep, hemolyticus, Strep, viridans, the pneumococcus, M. catarrhalis, B. septus, Friedlanders bacillus and Tunicliff's B. rhinitis have each held the stage. Some investigators believe that micro-organisms bear no relation whatever to the causation of colds; but that many factors?wet and cold, drafts, irritating vapors, overheated rooms, worry, fatigue, sexual excesses, dietetic errors, alcohol, and what not?enter into the etiology. Still another group takes the stand that a number of conditions?notably chilling, sudden changes in temperature, and fatigue? act as predisposing factors by lowering resistance, and thus pave the way for infection by micro-organisms commonly believed to be present normally in the nasal cavities. In short, present knowledge of the etiology of the common cold is in a most chaotic state. As remarked by Stitt,1 "Of all the diseases common in man this condition has been surrounded by greater etiological and epidemiological obscurity than any other."
Method development for metaproteomic analyses of marine biofilms.

The large-scale identification and quantitation of proteins via nanoliquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offers a unique opportunity to gain unprecedented insight into the mi...
Elevated integrin α6β4 expression is associated with venous invasion and decreased overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

Summary Lung cancer carries a poor prognosis and is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The integrin α6β4, a laminin receptor, promotes carcinoma progression in part by cooperating with various growth factor receptors to facilitate invasion and metastasis. In carcinoma cells with mutant TP53 , the integrin α6β4 promotes cell survival. TP53 mutations and integrin α6β4 overexpression co-occur in many aggressive malignancies. Because of the high frequency of TP53 mutations in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we sought to investigate the association of integrin β4 expression with clinicopathologic features and survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We constructed a lung cancer tissue microarray and stained sections for integrin β4 subunit expression using immunohistochemistry. We found that integrin β4 expression is elevated in SCC compared with adenocarcinoma ( P P P =.0048) and with reduced overall patient survival (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.09; P =.0422). Elevated integrin β4 expression was also shown to associate with reduced overall survival in lung cancer gene expression data sets (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-1.69; P ITGB4 in SCC, which included laminins, collagens, CD151 , genes in the EGFR and PI3K pathways, and other known signaling partners. In conclusion, we demonstrate that integrin β4 is overexpressed in NSCLC where it is an adverse prognostic marker.
Firms' non-reliance judgment, restatement venue choice, and litigation risk

OF DISSERTATION FIRMS’ NON-RELIANCE JUDGMENT, RESTATEMENT VENUE CHOICE, AND LITIGATION RISK This paper examines the determinants of firms’ non-reliance judgment and the effect of restatements disclosure venue choice on future litigation risk. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires firms to disclose any error that will undermine investors’ reliance on previously issued financial statements in Item 4.02 of Form 8-K starting on August 23, 2004. The requirements for non-reliance judgments lack clear guidelines; raising concerns that firms are cloaking errors and mistakes through opaque disclosure venues instead of the more prominent Form 8-K. This paper is the first to investigate the quantitative and qualitative criteria that firms use for non-reliance judgments and estimate the likelihood of specific disclosure venue choice. Applying this estimation into securities class-action litigation setting with controls for restatement characteristics and potential self-selection biases, I find that a more prominent restatement disclosure venue is associated with higher future litigation risk. This finding provides a plausible explanation for the current popularity of so-called ‘stealth restatements.’ These findings are robust to the exclusion of a transition period of the new regulation, firms with multiple restatements, and dismissed lawsuits.
An Ultra Compact Watt-Level Ka-Band Stacked-FET Power Amplifier

An ultra-compact watt-level Ka-band monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) is demonstrated using a 0.15 $\mu\text{m}$ Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) stacked field effect transistor (stacked-FETs) configuration. The fabricated PA exhibits 31.5 dBm output power, 17 dB gain and 33% power added efficiency (PAE). The bandwidth is from 26 GHz to 31 GHz. The PA achieves 0.7 Watt/mm2 power density at 28 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this PA achieves the highest power density among reported GaAs Ka-band PAs.
Globalization: Legal Aspects

The dramatic intensification of transnational interactions since the 1970s has had a decisive impact on law, so much so that some speak of the globalization of law. Local and national laws go on existing but the impact upon them of globalized legal processes will be ever more present. In this article seven major types of legal globalization are distinguished: transnationalization of nation–state regulation; law on regional integration; new lex mercatoria; law of the people on the move; law of the indigenous peoples; cosmopolitan human rights; global commons and jus humanitatis.
Alloying effects on graphite spacing in gray iron

Even with decades of study, the complex development of solidification microstructures in cast iron is incompletely understood. In order to observe the effect of ternary and quaternary alloying additions on the solidification behaviour and graphite spacing of gray iron, directional solidification in a Bridgman furnace was used to carefully control solidification conditions. Specifically, alloys with industrially relevant amounts of silicon and manganese were studied. Average spacings for five compositions, containing varied amounts of Si and Mn, and velocities from 0.5 to 10 μm/s are reported. A critical velocity of around 1 μm/s was observed, above which the graphite structure loses directionality and austenite dendrites appear. Spacing measurements are compared to historical data and a new model, highlighting the importance of sulphur in determining spacing. Spacing measurements obtained in the traditional way were compared to results obtained using a recently developed automated MATLAB algorithm. The au...
Derivation of Extended Parabolic Theories for Vector Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

The recent application of pseudo-differential operator and functional integral methods to the factored scalar Helmholtz equation has yielded extended parabolic wave theories and corresponding path integral solutions for a large variety of acoustic wave propagation problems. These known techniques are applied here to the full vector electromagnetic problem resulting in a new first-order Weyl pseudo-differential equation, which is recognized as an extended parabolic wave equation. Perturbation treatments of the Weyl composition equation for the operator symbol matrix yield high-frequency and other asymptotic wave theories. Unlike the scalar Helmholtz equation case, the one-way vector EM equation (and a scalar analogue provided by the Klein-Gordon equation of relativistic physics) require the solution of a generalized quadratic operator equation. While these operator solutions do not have a simple formal representation as in the straightforward square root case, they are conveniently constructed in the Weyl pseudo-differential operator calculus.
Devaluation of Safe Sex by Delay or Uncertainty: A Within-Subjects Study of Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Risk Behavior

The value of safe sex may be discounted based on contextual factors associated with an opportunity for sex. College students in a within-subjects study selected hypothetical sexual partners from a set of pictures and classified them based on attractiveness and estimated chance of having an sexually transmitted infection (STI). In the Sexual Delay Discounting (SDD) task, participants rated their likelihood (0-100 %) of waiting for some period of time (e.g., 3 h) to have protected sex with their selected partners, when they could have immediate sex without protection. In the Sexual Probability Discounting (SPD) task, participants rated their likelihood of having protected sex if the opportunity was uncertain (e.g., 50 %), when they could have unprotected sex for sure (100 %). All participants included in the final analyses were aware of and had a positive attitude towards protection against STIs as they were likely to have immediate (or certain) protected sex. Results from 432 delay data in the SDD task and 488 probability data in the SPD task showed that participants' preference for safe sex systematically decreased as the delay to and odds against having safe sex increased. However, this preference was altered by the participants' perception of their partner's attractiveness and STI risk.
Vowel Patterns in Language: Preliminaries: functional grounding

Introduction This chapter provides background on possible phonetic and psycholinguistic bases for positional licensing effects and vowel markedness. As introduced in chapter 1, this discussion ties into a hypothesis that positions or contexts that show the capacity to asymmetrically license distinctive phonological properties are liable to be ones that facilitate perception or production. Thus, restrictions on marked or perceptually difficult properties in vowels and other phonological elements are predicted to be more likely in positions where they suffer some functionally based disadvantage, and positions that show a capacity for licensing are predicted to present some advantage. Quite generally, this discourse builds upon research in which certain phonological constraints are proposed to have a basis in what Kingston and Diehl (1994) call ‘phonetic knowledge,’ that is, “the speakers' partial understanding of the physical conditions under which speech is produced and perceived” (Hayes and Steriade 2004: 1). Interpreting the basis for phonological constraints' functional underpinnings more broadly with respect to the human speech processing system renders also relevant levels such as speech planning and lexical access in production and perception. Related research that explores versions of phonology that are phonetically and/or psycholinguistically based includes work by Archangeli and Pulleyblank (1994), Steriade (1995a, 1999a,b, 2001, 2009), Boersma (1998), Hayes (1999), and Smith (2005), among many others.
Analysis of higher-order compact differencing scheme by studying flow past a circular cylinder

Publisher Summary The major technical issues encountered in the solution of the N-S equations with centered schemes is the appearance of numerical instabilities that arise because of boundary condition implementation, unresolved scales, mesh nonuniformities and nonlinearity of the governing equations. A higher-order compact difference scheme with 10th-order filtering has been studied to obtain accurate prediction of unsteady separated flows governed by the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The 3D unsteady compressible Navier- Stokes flow analysis, as implemented in flow solvers, is used to investigate the separated flow inside a turbomachinery cascade. The validation of this analysis is obtained by solving flow past a circular cylinder. In this chapter, only results of the flow past a circular cylinder are discussed. Results for reranging from 100 to 13,400 with and without flow control are planned to assess the higher-order compact differencing schemes. Currently, the results of rearrangement of up to 1,000 show the effectiveness of the sixth-order compact differencing algorithm.
What Happened to My Quad?: Commentary on an article by Brian Noehren, Pt, Phd, et al.

Restoration of quadriceps muscle mass and strength following ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury and reconstruction is a major focus of rehabilitation in this patient population. Numerous groups have recommended restoration of quadriceps strength to within 10% of that of the uninjured contralateral limb prior to clearance for return to sport1. Such recommendations recognize associations between impaired quadriceps strength and altered functional movement patterns2 that may place patients at increased risk for reinjury3,4 and development of osteoarthritis5. In spite of the desire by surgeons, therapists, and patients to restore quadriceps strength following ACL reconstruction and the targeting of modern rehabilitation …
Selenium, iron, and chromium stable isotope ratio measurements by the double isotope spike TIMS method

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the double-spike calibrated thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) methods for measurement of mass dependent isotope fractionation in Se, Fe, and Cr. Current measurement precision is approximately ± 0.2 per mil on 80 Se / 76 Se, 56 Fe / 54 Fe, and 53 Cr / 52 Cr. Sample size requirements are 500ng, 1μg, and 250ng for Se, Fe, and Cr respectively. These measurements have been developed recently, and further improvements in precision and sample size are likely. The present purification procedures for these elements and the geochemical applications of the measurements are reviewed. TIMS instruments were usually limited to measurement of positive ions. One of the major recent developments in TIMS is the development of methods for measuring negative ions. An important future direction in mass spectrometry of Se, Fe, and Cr, is multi-collector inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). This recent technique has a number of advantages over TIMS techniques and may eventually dominate. Instrumental discrimination is very large with MC-ICP-MS and must be monitored and modeled correctly.
Signal or noise? A null model method for evaluating the significance of turnover pulses

Abstract. Patterns of turnover in the mammalian fossil record have been interpreted as reflecting “pulses” of originations and extinctions hypothesized to be driven by climate change. However, criteria for determining what constitutes a meaningful pulse have been idiosyncratic, and investigations of turnover patterns in mammals have yielded mixed results. This study presents simple simulations of fossil records in which origination and extinction probabilities for each lineage are held constant. Nonetheless, the total number of turnover events per time bin varies stochastically, producing statistical “noise.” Various simulation and analytical assumptions are examined to determine their impact on the type I error rate (i.e., how often “pulses” are detected in a purely stochastic process). Results suggest that simple analytical parameters (length of time bins and turnover-pulse criterion) have predictable and straightforward effects on false-positive rates. Furthermore, “pulses” of turnover of a magnitude s...
Posterior Pole Vascular Changes Before Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance Some proponents of telemedicine screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) believe that a screening system based on the characteristics of posterior pole vessels is sufficient for identifying infants needing treatment. Objective To evaluate the vascular characteristics present when treatment was determined to be needed and the number of days from the last examination when the vessels of both eyes were noted to be normal until a decision was made to treat. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective study included all infants who underwent longitudinal examination and treatment for ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit at an academic medical center, Duke University, from June 22, 2013, through May 2, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Vascular characteristics present on clinical examination when an infant was determined to need treatment and the number of days from the last examination when the vessels of both eyes were noted to be normal until a decision was made to treat. Results Fifty-five infants (30 male and 25 female) met eligibility criteria, with a mean birthweight of 733 g (range, 420-1060 g), mean gestational age of 25.1 weeks (range, 22.9-27.7 weeks), and mean postmenstrual age when a decision was made to treat of 36.7 weeks (range, 31.4-43.0 weeks). When an infant was determined to need treatment, 51 (93%) had plus disease; 3 (5%), preplus disease; and 1 (2%), neither. The number of days from the last examination when an infant was noted to have normal vessels bilaterally until a decision was made to treat ranged from 0 to 49 days. The interval was at least 14 days for 42 infants (76%) and at least 7 days for all but 1 infant (98%). The exception was an infant with the rare scenario of neither preplus nor plus disease with zone I, stage 3 ROP (type 1 ROP) at the time when the examiner decided to treat. Conclusions and Relevance At the time when infants were determined to need treatment for ROP, all but 1 had preplus or plus disease. These results suggest that narrow-field imaging for ROP screening should include all of zone I to identify the rare treatment-requiring ROP with normal posterior pole vessels. If confirmed, with sufficient image quality, weekly photographic screening of zone I likely should capture changes indicative of impending ROP requiring treatment.
Reconciling Europe and National Parliaments: Reflections on Technocracy, Democracy, and Post-Crisis Integration

This paper builds on a lecture delivered at the Summer School on “Parliamentary Democracy in Europe” at the LUISS Guido Carli School of Government in Rome on 18 July 2014. The lecture closed the first week of courses on the “Europeanization of National Parliaments.” The paper argues, ultimately, for caution in using the idea of Europeanization to describe the changes in national parliamentary responsibilities and procedures as a consequence of integration. It asserts, rather, that there is a risk of understating the “legitimacy resources” possessed by national parliaments as the constitutional expression of self-government in the European system. To make the point, the paper deconstructs some recent statements of the Italian Prime Minister, Matteo Renzi, most importantly his speech before the European Parliament on 2 July 2014, viewed in relation to statements made before the Italian Chamber of Deputies and elsewhere. Renzi’s line of rhetoric on Europe — notably his quest for Europe’s “soul” and “the meaning of [its] life together” — provides a point of entry into a broader set of reflections on the current state of the integration process, its socio-political/socio-cultural underpinnings, as well as the “reconciliation” between Europe and national parliaments (technocracy and democracy) that is the focus of this lecture.
Nonneoplastic Skin Diseases

This chapter will discuss an approach to inflammatory skin disease. Recognition of inflammatory diseases of the skin is highly dependent on a group of histologic patterns: spongiotic, psoriasiform, interface, superficial perivascular, superficial and deep perivascular, interstitial, sclerosing, panniculitis, and alopecia. (Bullous disease is covered in Chapter 18.) The histologic patterns shape the differential diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is further refined by individual histologic features including specific epidermal (e.g., pattern of parakeratosis) or dermal (e.g., hemorrhage) findings and the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate. This chapter discusses common/important inflammatory dermatoses and their differential diagnosis. Immunodermatology is covered in Chapter 18.
A Survey of Proof Theory II

Abstract This paper explains recent work in proof theory from a neglected point of view. Proofs and their representations by formal derivations are treated as principal objects of study, not as mere tools for analyzing the consequence relation. Though the paper is principally expository it also contains some material not developed in the literature. In particular, adequacy conditions on criteria for the identity of proofs (in § 1c), and a reformulation of Godeľs second theorem in terms of the notion of canonical representation (in § 1d); the use of normalization, instead of normal form, theorems for a direct proof of closure under Church's rule of the theory of species [in § 2a(ii)] and the useless-ness of bar recursive functionals for (functional) interpretations of systems containing Church's thesis [in §2b(iii)]; the use of ordinal structures in a quantifier-free formulation of transfinite induction (in § 3); the irrelevance of axioms of choice to the explicit realizability of existential theorems both for classical and for Heyting's logical rules (in § 4c) and some new uses of Heyting's rules for analyzing the indefinite cumulative hierarchy of sets (in § 4d); a semantics for equational calculi suitable when terms are interpreted as rules for computation [in Appl. Ia(iii)], and, above all, an analysis of formalist semantics and its relation to realizability interpretations (in App. Ic). A less technical account of the present point of view is in [21].
The Adsorption of Oleate from Aqueous Solution onto Hematite

The interaction of sodium oleate with hematite has been investigated through adsorption, electrophoretic mobility, and wettability studies. The pH and oleate concentration ranges were selected to preclude formation of bulk liquid oleic acid or acid- salt complexes. The effect of pH and temperature on adsorption and the electrophoretic mobility reveal the existence of chemisorbed oleate at the hematite-water interface. Adsorption mechanisms are postulated and conditions for good flotation response are predicted. Precautions that should be taken in oleate adsorption experiments using radiotracers are discussed.
Salient Studies of Signed Language Interpreting in the Context of Community Interpreting Scholarship

During the pastfour decades, signed language interpreting (SLI) scholars have created a growing body of research. This work covers a broad range of topics, from a psycholinguistic perspective to a sociolinguistic one, from analyses of the cognitive processes in which signed language interpreters engage, to analyses of the management and participation framework of interpreted events, from linguistically-oriented studies to studiesfocused on aspects of the environment in particular settings or various applications of the interpreting process that impact on the flow and outcome of the interpreted event, be it consecutive or simultaneous work, in-person or via technology. Yet these contributions to our understanding of SLI neither occur in a vacuum, nor do they reflect issues limited to SL interpreters. This paper examines seminal studies in SLI research, and contextualizes them within the largerframework of community interpreting research.
Information Security of Nuclear Systems

The emphasis on information or cyber security has increased drastically over the last several years due to the increased number in attacks at the personal, company and even state level. Billions of Euros have been lost due to these attacks and the amount of funding expended to prevent them is even greater. One particular area of concern is in the protection of nuclear system information assets. These assets pertain to both information technology (IT) and instrumentation and control (I&C). Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are especially concerned as they transition from analog to digital technology. Nuclear information security garnered global attention at the recent 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and the 2013 International Conference on Nuclear Security: Enhancing Global Efforts. This paper discusses the information security domains at NPPs, the nuclear IT and I&C assets, and what these facilities are doing to protect themselves from cyber threats.
Developing Functional Inks for Direct-Write Systems

The field of Flexible Printed Electronics (FPE) carries great potential in reducing manufacturing costs and increasing versatility. The purpose of this research is to explore various ink chemistries and their suitability for deposition with regards to FPE. Titanium ceramics and silver-titanium-iron nanoparticles were utilized for their potential photocatalytic properties. The resulting inks experienced phase separation or hydrolyzed upon exposure to moisture, suggesting that a surfactant-based synthesis would better improve the inks’ durability.
D. G. Leahy

D. G. Leahy’s highly original philosophical thinking is a bid to transform all the categories of modern thought, eliminating the central notion of self and effecting a historic metanoia that ends modernity and inaugurates an absolute actuality characterized by simultaneous newness of the world (novitas mundi) and newness of mind (novitas mentis). This chapter introduces Leahy’s ideas to the uninitiated reader.
Midwifery and psychological care

Midwives know how multidisciplinary working can provide expertise from a variety of specialties relevant to a woman's care. Alun Jones outlines what psychology research can teach midwives
Leisure Activity, Brain β-amyloid, and Episodic Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome.

The present study provided an investigation of associations between leisure activity and early Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (i.e., brain β-amyloid) and episodic memory in a sample of 65 adults with Down syndrome (aged 30-53 years), at baseline and follow-up, approximately three years apart. Findings indicated that leisure activity at baseline was not associated with brain β-amyloid at baseline or change in brain β-amyloid from baseline to follow-up. Greater cognitively stimulating leisure activity at baseline was associated with better episodic memory at baseline, and greater social leisure activity at baseline was associated with less decline in episodic memory from baseline to follow-up. High (as opposed to low) levels of social and overall leisure activity at baseline moderated the association between increase in brain β-amyloid and decline in episodic memory, from baseline to follow-up. Findings suggest that cognitively stimulating and social leisure activity could protect against the effect of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology on episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome.
GENOMIC CLONES FROM UNFRACTIONATED DNA

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on genomic clones from unfractionated DNA. Globin structural genes and the DNA intervening between and within them are excellent targets for DNA cloning with the aim of investigating gene control. Particularly favorable are the fetal γ and adult β genes. This chapter shows the major characteristics of the six Charon phages which have been certified at the EK2 level. The result of testing Eco RI digests of DNA from minilysates of Mm30.5 and Hs51.1. are also shown. The autoradiograph was obtained using 32 P labeled human globin cDNA. The autoradiograph shows that Mm30.5 contains a 4.7 kbp globin-related fragment, and that the human clone, Hs51.1, contains a fragment of length 2.7 kbp. The chapter presents autoradiographs of filter transfers of an agarose electrophoresis gel hybridized to a probe made by nick-translating the partially purified 2.7 kbp insert from Hs51.1. The chapter presents a summary of restriction enzyme data used in the structural analysis of the 2.7 kbp Aγ globin gene fragment from Hs51.1.
Muscle activity and balance control during sit-to-stand across symmetric and asymmetric initial foot positions in healthy adults.

Abstract Background Rising from a sit to a stand has biomechanical factors that are dependent on initial foot position. Little is known about the effect of initial foot position on leg muscle activation patterns during a sit-to-stand and balance maintenance of stance after a sit-to-stand. Research question What are the effects of different symmetric and asymmetric initial foot positions on leg muscle activation patterns and balance during and after a sit-to-stand? Methods Three symmetric (neutral; both ankles positioned under the knees at a 90° flexion; one-third; and two-thirds foot length posterior to neutral) and three asymmetric (neutral non-dominant leg with one-third back dominant leg, neutral non-dominant with two-thirds back dominant leg, and one-third back non-dominant leg with two-thirds back dominant leg) initial foot positions were tested. EMG of the lower extremity muscles and sagittal plane kinematic data were measured along with balance assessments in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes. Results In the symmetric initial foot positions, a faster forward velocity of the body’s center of mass was required for more anterior initial foot positions. Even though the hip extensors activated earlier to decelerate the forward velocity of the body’s center of mass before rising, the greater forward velocity caused postural sway following completion of upright stance. In the asymmetric initial foot positions, the posterior leg supported more weight during the sit-to-stand, resulting in balance perturbations in the posterior leg. In the one-third back non-dominant leg with two-thirds back dominant leg asymmetric initial foot position, however, the weight-bearing symmetry was not different from the symmetric initial foot positions during the sit-to-stand. Postural stability after completion of uprising was also improved in this asymmetric initial foot position, showing greater but delayed onset of the tibialis anterior in the anterior leg during the momentum transfer phase. Significance With a neutral symmetric initial foot position, earlier onset of the hip extensors during eccentric lengthening contributed to decelerating the forward velocity of the body’s center of mass for balance control during a sit-to-stand. With asymmetric initial foot positions, the weight distribution during a sit-to-stand can be increased by positioning both feet posterior to neutral foot position. Performing a sit-to-stand with this asymmetric initial foot position can improve postural stability after uprising. Thus, this foot position could be used in designing rehabilitation interventions for clinical populations and the frail elderly.
I-Dpas based Control Algorithm for an Islanded Microgrid with Dynamic and EV Loads

This paper focuses on the voltage and frequency regulation of islanded microgrid under the sudden start of an IM (Induction Motor)load, EV (Electric Vehicle)charging, and unbalanced nonlinear load. An I-DPAPS (Improved-Diffusion Proportionate Affine Projection Sign)based control algorithm is proposed for VSC (Voltage Source Converter), to regulate the voltage and frequency of the islanded microgrid and also improved power quality. The performance of the islanded microgrid is demonstrated through simulated results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink and test results taken from the experimental prototype realised in the laboratory.
Studies on the red oxidase (cytochrome o) of Azotobacter vinelandii.

Abstract In an attempt to isolate and to study the electron transport system of Azotobacter vinelandii , we have isolated and purified a membrane-bound cytochrome o . The cytochrome o , purified as a detergent (Triton X-100) and hemoprotein complex, contained 1.6 nmoles heme per mg of protein. Cold-temperature spectrum showed that no other cytochrome was associated with the purified preparation, and electrophoresis revealed that only one type of hemoprotein was obtained. The purified cytochrome o reacted with both carbon monoxide and cyanide readily. Only in the reduced form did it combine with carbon monoxide, whereas the oxidized form reacted with cyanide. An “oxygenated” form of the cytochrome o was demonstrated to be spectrally distinguishable from both the oxidized and the reduced forms.
Aromatic–Amine Pendants Produce Highly Potent and Efficacious Mixed Efficacy μ-Opioid Receptor (MOR)/δ-Opioid Receptor (DOR) Peptidomimetics with Enhanced Metabolic Stability

We previously reported a novel SAR campaign that converted a metabolically unstable series of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist/δ-opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist bicyclic core peptidomimetics with promising analgesic activity and reduced abuse liabilities into a more stable series of benzylic core analogues. Herein, we expanded the SAR of that campaign and determined that the incorporation of amines into the benzylic pendant produces enhanced MOR-efficacy in this series, whereas the reincorporation of an aromatic ring into the pendant enhanced MOR-potency. Two compounds, which contain a piperidine (14) or an isoindoline (17) pendant, retained the desired opioid profile in vitro, possessed metabolic half-lives of greater than 1 h in mouse liver microsomes (MLMs), and were active antinociceptive agents in the acetic acid stretch assay (AASA) at subcutaneous doses of 1 mg/kg.
Balancing growth and collegiality: reflections on the inaugural Rhetoric Society of America Summer Project at the University of Nevada, Reno

The 2019 Rhetoric Society of America Project on Power, Place, and Publics at the University of Nevada, Reno (RSA Project) served several objectives for its participants, organizers, and RSA. It was...
RON and MON chemical kinetic modeling derived correlations with ignition delay time for gasoline and octane boosting additives

Abstract For regulatory and certification purposes the indices that characterize the ignition propensity for a fuel, Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON), are measured in a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine. In an effort to reduce the cost and time of CFR engine testing, computer simulation based work capable of predicting the octane numbers for any fuel blend has received increased attention. Notably, the works of Westbrook et al. [1] , Badra et al. [2] , and Kim et al. [3] simulated the second stage hot ignition delay time (IDT) for fuels and correlated their ignition delay time with experimental RON/MON measurements to determine the relationship between calculated IDT and RON/MON, thereby providing a means to analytically assess the apparent RON/MON and octane sensitivity (OS=RON-MON) values for the fuel. Using a similar methodology, the current study investigated RON-like and MON-like simulated engine compression histories calculated using GT-Power. The current work's calculated IDTs were determined for mixtures of primary reference fuel (PRF) gasoline and major blending components (i.e., iso-octane, n-heptane, ethanol, and toluene), and neat octane boosting additives (e.g., ethyl-benzene, iso-butanol, di-iso-butylene (DIB)) using 0-D closed homogeneous reactor chemical kinetic simulations driven by volume-time and pressure-time compression profiles. The primary goal of the current work was to explore any possible dependence of the fuel's predicted octane number with the compression profile used (i.e., volume-time profile and pressure-time profile). To investigate any possible dependence, the calculated IDTs for both the volume profile and pressure profile driven simulations were used to develop RON and MON correlation curves based on the PRF and neat fuel experimental literature data from McCormick et al. [16] . The model derived RON and MON correlation curves were used to analytically assess the octane numbers of PRFs, toluene PRFs (TPRFs), and both PRFs and TPRFs blended with ethanol for comparison with experimental data from Foong et al. [13] . The simulations indicated a synergistic blending effect on octane number for ethanol blended with PRFs and TPRFs. Overall, the volume profile driven RON/MON/OS assessments had less difference from the experimental PRFs and TPRFs data (i.e., on the order of approximately +/- 2-6 ONs) than the pressure profile driven RON/MON/OS assessments (i.e., greater than approximately +/- 6 ONs). Lastly, the volume and pressure profile driven RON and MON assessments for selected mixtures were compared to the RON and MON assessments completed in [1] which were determined with pressure profile driven simulations.
Baseline and novel ecosystems in Michigan, USA, with a quantitative and qualitative assessment

Pre-Euro-American settlement vegetation provides information about historical ecology. I evaluated baseline conditions and novel status of current forests in Michigan using historical (1836 to 1858...
Findings of Hepatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Liver injury due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being increasingly recognized. Abnormal liver chemistry tests of varying severities occur in a majority of patients. However, there is a dearth of accompanying liver histologic studies in these patients. METHODS: The current report details the clinical courses of 2 patients having severe COVID-19 hepatitis. Liver biopsies were analyzed under light microscopy, portions of liver tissue were hybridized with a target probe to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 S gene, and small sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue were processed for electron microscopy. RESULTS: The liver histology of both cases showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with prominent bile duct damage, endotheliitis, and many apoptotic bodies. In situ hybridization and electron microscopy suggest the intrahepatic presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the findings of which may indicate the possibility of direct cell injury. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the abundant apoptosis and severe cholangiocyte injury, these histopathologic changes suggest a direct cytopathic injury. Furthermore, some of the histopathologic changes may resemble acute cellular rejection occurring after liver transplantation. These 2 cases demonstrate that severe COVID-19 hepatitis can occur even in the absence of significant involvement of other organs.
Review of Autistic Disturbances: Theorizing Autism Poetics from the DSM to Robinson Crusoe, Julia Miele Rodas (2018)

Julia Miele Rodas offers Autistic Disturbances: Theorizing Autism Poetics from the DSM to Robinson Crusoe as a tome of resistant literary praxis. So that we might allow ‘disordered’ to claim poetic voice- that we might recognize the celebration of this voice in our culturally treasured texts, and rather than require retroactive diagnosis, we simply allow these voices to be recognized as worthy- and Autistic. At last, a text which explores autistic language: allowing for its ironies without claiming it to be paradoxical; giving shape to its cultural consistencies without constraining it to a pathologized rigidity; allowing for both meaning where a reader might suspect none and none where a reader might insist on inserting one; and all while refusing to stigmatize, pathologize, medicalize, problematize, or even to diagnose.
The Fall of Grand Juries

Grand juries once played a preeminent role in American civic life. Today, they do little more than ratify indictments sought by prosecutors. How did this happen? This Article explores that question, primarily relying on period newspapers and constitutional convention transcripts. It looks at the pervasive role grand juries held and the anti-grand jury movement that arose in the mid-19th century. To understand the anti-grand jury fervor, this Article examines five explanations of why grand juries fell from grace: (1) they failed to protect the innocent or punish the guilty, (2) they facilitated anonymous character assassinations, (3) they were too expensive and cumbersome for a tax-conscious society, (4) as government professionalized, there was less need for citizen panels, and (5) urbanization meant that grand juries could not as easily represent their communities.