cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the value of 3D seismic amplitude data to reduce uncertainty in the forecast of reservoir production

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data are commonly used to identify the size and shape of putative flow barriers in hydrocarbon reservoirs. It is less clear to what extent determining the spatial distribution of engineering properties (e.g., porosity, permeability, pressures, and fluid saturations) can improve predictions (i.e., improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty) of hydrocarbon recovery, given the multiple non-linear and often noisy transformations required to make a prediction. Determining the worth of seismic data in predicting dynamic fluid production is one of the goals of this paper. We have approached the problem of assessing uncertainty in production forecasts by constructing a synthetic reservoir model that exhibits much of the geometrical and petrophysical complexity encountered in clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs. This benchmark model was constructed using space-dependent, statistical relationships between petrophysical variables and seismic parameters. We numerically simulated a waterflood in the model to reproduce time-varying reservoir conditions. Subsequently, a rock physics/fluid substitution model that accounts for compaction and pressure was used to calculate elastic parameters. Pre-stack and post-stack 3D seismic amplitude data (i.e., time-domain amplitude variations of elastic responses) were simulated using local one-dimensional approximations. The seismic data were also contaminated with additive noise to replicate actual data acquisition and processing errors. We then attempted to estimate the original distribution of petrophysical properties and to forecast oil production based on limited and inaccurate spatial knowledge of the reservoir acquired from wells and 3D seismic amplitude data. We compared the multiple realizations of the various predictions against predictions with a reference model. The use of seismic amplitude data to construct static reservoir models affected production performance variables in different ways. For example, seismic amplitude data did not uniformly improve the variability of the predictions of water breakthrough time; other quantities, such as cumulative recovery after the onset of production, did exhibit an uncertainty reduction as did a global measure of recovery. We evaluate how different degrees of spatial correlation strength between seismic and petrophysical parameters may ultimately affect the ensuing uncertainty in production forecasts. Most of the predictions exhibited a bias in that there was a significant deviation between the medians of the realizations and that the value from the reference case. This bias was evidently caused by noise in the various transforms (some of which we introduced deliberately) coupled with nonlinearity. The key nonlinearities seem to be in the numerical simulation itself, specifically in the transformation from porosity to permeability, in the relative permeability relationships, and in the conservation equations themselves.
Inhibitory neuron produces heterosynaptic inhibition of the sensory-to-motor neuron synapse in Aplysia.

Abstract We have identified an inhibitory neuron (RPL4) in the right pleural ganglion ofAplysia, which produced hyperpolarization of the sensory and motor neurons involved in the tail withdrawal reflex. Activation of RPL4 significantly reduced the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials produced in tail motor neurons by action potentials triggered in sensory neurons. This example of heterosynaptic inhibition was due, at least in part, to an increase in membrane input conductance in the motor neuron. Since the synaptic strength of the sensory-to-motor neuron connection has been associated with the strength of the tail withdrawal reflex, RPL4 may contribute to modulation of that reflex.
Identifying compulsive communicators: The talkaholic scale

A ten‐item Likert‐type scale, named the “Talkaholic Scale,”; is advanced as a method of identifying individuals who are aware of their tendencies to over‐communicate in a consistent and compulsive manner. People who score beyond two standard deviations above the mean on the scale are labeled as “talkaholics,”; a term chosen to reflect the similarities in the compulsiveness and regularity of the behaviors of these individuals and of those who are labeled “alcoholics”; or “workaholics.”; The instrument is unidimensional, demonstrates good internal and test‐retest reliability, and has strong face validity. It is expected to prove useful for future research relating to over‐communication and over‐communicators.
Reactions of closo-1,5-C2B3H5 with Cl2 and with BMe3

Abstract Reaction of closo-1,5-C2B3H5 with Cl2 under reduced temperatures in an inert solvent gives 2-Cl-1,5-C2B3H4. Using a hot/cold reactor a mixture of BMe3 and 1,5-C2B3H5 is converted to a combination of B-mono-, di-, and tri-methyl derivatives of this smallest closo carborane. In addition, B-mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramethyl derivatives of 2,2′-C2B3H4′C2B3H4, as well as the parent dimer, are produced.
Social capital, civic engagement, and self-rated health in Ghana

This study uses data from southern Ghana to examine whether higher stocks of social capital through participation in civic groups matter for self-rated health. Drawing on social capital, the influence of social support, informal social control, direct participation in and reproductive health discussions within voluntary associations on self-rated health and reporting illnesses in the last six months prior to the survey are investigated. The findings show that social support and encouragement to use family planning significantly predict self-rated better health while informal social control and direct participation does not. Also, it is detected that while social control is associated with the likelihood of reporting illnesses within the last six months; direct participation in voluntary groups has the opposite effect. Lastly, women had lower predicted probabilities of self-rated better health and higher probabilities of reporting illnesses in the last six months than men. The findings are discussed in the context of the nuanced role of social capital on health and their implications for health promotion programs in resource constrained settings.
Mitchell's case of "pendulum spasms": psychogenic movement disorder considered as male hysteria.

Background: In the late 19th century, a man with a psychogenic movement disorder was evaluated by many of the Philadelphia neurologists associated with Silas Weir Mitchell. In 1885, prior to the development of movie cameras or projectors, the patient was photographed by pioneering photographer Eadweard Muybridge, in collaboration with neurologist Francis Dercum, using arrays of sequentially triggered single-image cameras. The photographic sequences are among the first motion picture sequences of patients with neurologic disorders. Methods: Examination of extant primary source documents concerning this patient, including published writings and photographic sequences by Muybridge and Dercum, the original clinical descriptions, Mitchell9s documentation of the patient9s later clinical course, and results of the autopsy. Results: Mitchell and his colleagues concluded that this was a “case of undoubted hysteria” in a man. Support for this contention includes the following: protracted course, spanning decades with temporary remissions; inconsistent character of the movement and features incongruous with typical “organic” tremors; complex, bizarre movements that are difficult to classify; increase in movements with attention; alteration in frequency of the movements with movement of the opposite arm; ability to trigger or temporarily stop the movements with unusual or nonphysiologic interventions; involvement of the opposite arm in a synchronous abnormal movement later in the course; remission with hypnotic suggestion; absence of other neurologic signs; and normal brain autopsy. Conclusion: The clinical history, serial examinations, photographic documentation, and autopsy results support Mitchell9s contention that this was a case of male hysteria, or, in modern terminology, a psychogenic movement disorder.
Gating of a voltage-dependent channel (colicin E1) in planar lipid bilayers: translocation of regions outside the channel-forming domain

C-terminal fragments of colicin E1, ranging in mol wt from 14.5 to 20kD, form channels with voltage dependence and ion selectivity qualitatively similar to those of whole E1, placing an upper limit on the channel-forming domain. Under certain conditions, however, the gating kinetics and ion selectivity of channels formed by these different E1 peptides can be distinguished. The differences in channel behavior appear to be correlated with peptide length. Enzymatic digestion with trypsin of membrane-bound E1 peptides converts channel behavior of longer peptides to that characteristic of channels formed by shorter fragments. Apparently trypsin removes segments of protein N-terminal to the channel-forming region, since gating behavior of the shortest fragment is little affected by the enzyme. The success of this conversion depends on the side of the membrane to which trypsin is added and on the state, open or closed, of the channel. Trypsin modifies only closed channels from thecis side (the side to which protein has been added) and only open channels from thetrans side. These results suggest that regions outside the channel-forming domain affect ion selectivity and gating, and they also provide evidence that large protein segments outside the channel-forming domain are translocated across the membrane with channel gating.
Antisera against an acetylcholine receptor α3 fusion protein bind to ganglionic but not to brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subtypes have been defined pharmacologically, immunologically, and by DNA cloning, but the correlations between these approaches are incomplete. Vertebrate neuronal AChRs that have been isolated are composed of structural subunits and ACh-binding subunits. A single kind of subunit can be used in more than one AChR subtype. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 35 binds to structural subunits of subtypes of AChRs from both chicken brain and ganglia. By using antisera to a unique sequence of α3 ACh-binding subunits expressed in bacteria, we show that ganglionic AChRs contain α3 ACh-binding subunits, whereas the brain AChR subtype that binds mAb 35 does not. Subunit-specific antisera raised against recombinant proteins should be a valuable approach for identifying the subunit composition of receptors in multigene, multisubunit families.
Developing Disarticulation Within the Mexican Economy

Mexico's neoliberal export-led development model, imposed slowly and haltingly during President Miguel de la Madrid's administration (19821988) and with a vengeance during that of President Carlos Salinas (19881994), survived the devastating impact of the peso crisis of 1994-1995. Survival, however, came at an extraordinarily high price and not through any process that would indicate the underlying vigor of the neoliberal free-trade model. On the contrary, the then-unprecedented mega-loan orchestrated by the U.S. Treasury and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) fortuitously combined with a rapid increase in imports from Mexico by the United States, the destination of 84 percent of Mexico's exports. Above all, it was the long U.S. expansion of 1991-2000 (which happened to accelerate in 1995-1997) that explained the survival of the "Mexican model." In addition, underwriting the dominant forces of the mega-loan (which returned credibility and loan capital to Mexico) and the boom in exports to the expanding U.S. market were the twin pillars of pathology: (1) narco-capitalism, which, while its growth cannot be measured with any precision, unquestionably played a pivotal role as stabilizer and now as a primary foreign-exchange earner, and (2) emigration, Mexico's saddest export, which also served to bolster foreign-exchange earnings when the macroeconomic situation was at its nadir in 1995 and early 1996 (Castafieda, 1996). In 1994 the remittances of 6.68 million Mexican-born residents living in the United States amounted to US$3.7 billion, equal to 64 percent of the net earnings of the maquiladora industry and nearly four times the earnings of tourism (de la Garza, Orozco, and Baraona, 1997: 2; OECD, 1996: 25). By 1999 remittances had reached US$6.3 billion, slightly less than petroleum earnings in that year. The peso crash, following so closely on the heels of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in late 1993, also drew capital to the maquiladora industry, where a boom based on sweatshop labor brought
A programming aid for hypercube architectures

A program development tool that automatically performs scheduling and synchronization insertion for hypercube systems is presented in this paper. We use a programming methodology in which a program is written as a set of procedures called from the main program. This program is converted into a macro dataflow graph which is used by the tool to generate executable code for hypercube machines. The program restructured by our tool outperformed the manually developed code, while increasing the program development productivity at the same time.
Eye regeneration at the molecular age

Eye tissues such as the lens and the retina possess remarkable regenerative abilities. In amphibians, a complete lens can be regenerated after lentectomy. The process is a classic example of transdifferentiation of one cell type to another. Likewise, retina can be regenerated, but the strategy used to replace the damaged retina differs, depending on the animal system and the age of the animal. Retina can be regenerated by transdifferentiation or by the use of stem cells. In this review, we present a synthesis on the regenerative capacity of eye tissues in different animals with emphasis on the strategy and the molecules involved. In addition, we stress the place of this field at the molecular age and the importance of the recent technologic advances.
Cloud-to-ground lightning and cloud top brightness temperature over the contiguous United States

[1] This study analyzes cloud top brightness temperature (CTBT) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning stroke densities over the continental United States from May to October 1999. The good coverage of the study period and the large number of colocated stroke densities and CTBTs provide robust statistics. Prior studies have reported nonlinear lightning flash rate increase with cloud depth. In this work, some support is found for such relationships, in the particular case of CG strokes. The likelihood of CG stroke occurrence and of high CG stroke density is higher if CTBTs are among the coldest. However, a monthly and regional analysis of CTBT/stroke density correspondences reveals quasi-constant overall stroke densities for CTBTs warmer than about −55°C (most of the CTBT/stroke density samples). Overall stroke densities increase as CTBT decreases only for CTBTs colder than about −55°C. This is consistent with a statistical but not instantaneous lightning flash rate/cloud depth relationship. Thus the number of ±CG strokes per CG-producing cloud top surface area per hour, integrated over monthly periods in each geographical region, is approximately constant versus time depending only on the region.
Silicate Feature Variation in Long-period Variable Stars. I. Initial Observations

We report new mid-infrared spectra of five bright, long-period variable (LPV) stars, as well as related objects, obtained at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory with Denver University's medium-resolution CAESR instrument. The data, when combined with low-resolution spectrometer spectra from IRAS, show variation of the silicate feature with phase of the LPV. We perform a calculation for impingement time of the shock on the circumstellar dust shell to demonstrate that this variation could be the result of a shock-shell interaction.
Applications of distributed arithmetic to digital signal processing: a tutorial review

The history and fundamentals of distributed arithmetic (DA) are presented. Ways to increase the speed of DA multiplication are described. DA is applied to a biquadratic digital filter, providing an example of vector dot-product and vector-matrix-product mechanization. Applications to transformers and nonlinear and/or nonstationary processing with DA are discussed. It is seen that DA is a very efficient means to mechanize computations that are dominated by inner products. >
Scaling Laws for Distance Limited Communications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we propose a framework to study the asymptotical capacity of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET)s when nodes are expected to communicate only when they reside in a certain distance of each other. This is quite a favorable scenario for VANETs when they are utilized for accident avoidance and safety applications. Moreover we develop formulations to predict the behavior of VANETs with specific geometrical shapes like the single road and grid topologies. Also, the capacity scaling behavior of VANETs when a node needs to transmit to all its neighbors within a certain range, is studied. Results are obtained by combining geometrical analysis, network flow arguments, and probabilistic study of VANETs.
The State of School-Based Bilingual Assessment: Actual Practice Versus Recommended Guidelines

Purpose This study was designed to investigate the frequency with which school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) used recommended practices when assessing the language skills of bilingual s...
Cardiac Assessment with PET

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been very well validated for assessing myocardial viability, and emerging sophisticated hybrid imaging technologies involving PET with other imaging modalities offer tremendous promise for delivering an in-depth but noninvasive evaluation of cardiac perfusion and function in various pathologic conditions during a single imaging session. Moreover, several new PET radiotracers in the research and preclinical arena are poised to enter the clinical setting in the foreseeable future. With such exciting developments on the horizon, cardiac PET and PET/computed tomography imaging, and potentially integrated cardiac PET/magnetic resonance imaging have become the focus of the molecular imaging paradigm for comprehensive cardiovascular assessment.
The oxidation of chiral alcohols catalyzed by catalase in organic solvents

The catalytic properties of bovine liver catalase have been investigated in organic solvents. In tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and acetone (all containing 1% to 3% of water), the enzyme breaks down tert-butyl hydroperoxide several fold faster than in pure water. Furthermore, the rate of catalase-catalyzed production of tert-butanol from tert-butyl hydroperoxide increases more than 400-fold upon transition from aqueous buffer to ethanol as the reaction medium. The mechanistic rationale for this striking effect is that in aqueous buffer the rate-limiting step of the enzymatic process involves the reduction of catalase`s compound 1 by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. In ethanol, an additional step in the reaction scheme becomes available in which ethanol, greatly outcompeting the hydroperoxide, is oxidized by compound 1 regenerating the free enzyme. In solvents, such as acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran, which themselves are not oxidizable by compound 1, catalase catalyzes the oxidation of numerous primary and secondary alcohols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The enzymatic oxidation of some chiral alcohols (2,3-butanediol, citronellol, and menthol) under these conditions occurs enantioselectively. Examination of the enantioselectivity for the oxidation of 2,3-butanediol in a series of organic solvents reveals a considerable solvent dependence.
When is an antitrust authority not aggressive enough in fighting cartels

If an antitrust authority chooses an enforcement policy to maximize the number of successfully prosecuted cartels, when does that policy minimize the number of cartels that form? When the detection and prosecution of cartels is inherently difficult, it is found that an antitrust authority’s policy minimizes the number of cartels, as is socially desirable. However, when the detection and prosecution of cartels is not too difficult, an antitrust authority is not aggressive enough in that it prosecutes too few cartel cases.
Patterning proteins and cells using soft lithography

This review describes the pattering of proteins and cells using a non-photolithographic microfabrication technology, which we call &soft lithography’ because it consists of a set of related techniques, each of which uses stamps or channels fabricated in an elastomeric (&soft’) material for pattern transfer. The review covers three soft lithographic techniques: microcontact printing, patterning using micro#uidic channels, and laminar #ow patterning. These soft lithographic techniques are inexpensive, are procedurally simple, and can be used to pattern a variety of planar and non-planar substrates. Their successful application does not require stringent regulation of the laboratory environment, and they can be used to pattern surfaces with delicate ligands. They provide control over both the surface chemistry and the cellular environment. We discuss both the procedures for patterning based on these soft lithographic techniques, and their applications in biosensor technology, in tissue engineering, and for fundamental studies in cell biology. ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Governing Post Apartheid Spatiality: Implementing City Improvement Districts in Cape Town

To achieve a world-class city capable of attracting business in a competitive global market, the municipal government of Cape Town, South Africa, like many cities of the global North, has adopted a model of urban revitalization popularized by New York City: Business or City Improvement Districts (BIDs or CIDs). By examining CIDs in center city Cape Town, the paper casts light on the socio-spatial relationship facilitating the neoliberal post-apartheid regime and its governance. Analyzing discursive and spatial practices of Cape Town Partnership, the managing body of downtown CIDs, from 2000 to 2006, the paper reveals its difficulties in stabilizing the socio-spatial relations of a transnationalizing urban revitalization strategy and rejects the view of CIDS as simply a global roll-out of neoliberal urban policies. It highlights how CIDs are challenged from both within and without their managing structures by contentious local issues, and in particular by vast social inequalities and citizens’ historical struggle for inclusive citizenship and the right to the city. Whether and how CIDs’ inherent limitations can be overcome to address socio-spatial inequalities is an open question.
Method to evaluate the electrical performance of printed circuit board laminate materials

Board materials are rapidly changing to meet the requirements for low cost, environmentally preferred, and data rate (3G) applications. Therefore, it is necessary to have electrical test and characterization methods that are quick, accurate, and able to be implemented during development, design, and manufacture. In order to meet these needs, a characterization method was developed based on RF resonator filter printed circuit structures. The method is repeatable, cost effective, and uses automated test equipment and procedures. The design of the filter structures is such that the sensitivity is capable of detecting critical RF attributes of the dielectric material and the printed circuit manufacturing process. The test procedure is capable of determining variation in dielectric constant, material loss, dielectric thickness, and layer-to-layer alignment. The results are given in terms relevant to circuit design applications - selectivity, bandwidth, and insertion loss. This paper discusses the electrical performance of printed circuit board dielectrics needed to meet today's requirements, the novel test method used to evaluate the dielectric and manufacturing process, and the data collected for materials such as FR4, environmentally preferred, and low Dk high performance laminates using the new test method.
Multi-frequency pierce oscillators based on piezoelectric AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators

This paper reports on the first demonstration of multi-frequency (176, 222, 307, and 482 MHz) oscillators based on piezoelectric AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators. All the oscillators show phase noise values between -88 and -68 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and phase noise floors as low as -160 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The same Pierce circuit design is employed to sustain oscillations at the 4 different frequencies, while the oscillator core consumes at most 10 mW. The AlN resonators are currently wirebonded to the integrated circuit realized in the AMIS 0.5 mum 5 V CMOS process. This work constitutes a substantial step forward towards the demonstration of a single-chip multi-frequency reconfigurable timing solution that could be used in wireless communications and sensing applications.
Bandwidth-Efficient Bit and Power Loading for Underwater Acoustic OFDM Communication System with Limited Feedback

Adaptive bit and power loading is a constraint optimization problem with generally two cases of practical interest, where the objectives are the achievable data rate maximization (RM) and system margin maximization (MM) \cite{Ni-2008}. In this paper, we propose a different optimization model for underwater acoustic (UWA) channels, which is achieved by two algorithms: one is the bandwidth-efficient bit loading algorithm; the other is the Lloyd algorithm based limited feedback procedure. It aims at minimizing the power consumption with constraints of the constant symbol data rate and desired bit-error-rate (BER). The optimization result is derived by the Lagrange multiplier method. The Lloyd algorithm is employed to quantize the CSI at the receiver and construct the codebook, which is adopted to achieve the limited feedback process. After selecting an initial bit loading vector upon the current CSI, the receiver will broadcast its index to the transmitter, then the transmitter will compute the bandwidth-efficient bit loading algorithm and allocate the corresponding power and bits to each subcarrier. Simulation results will reveal the benefits of adopting these two algorithms from different aspects.
Women's Liberation and the Female Delinquent:

Presumed changes in patterns of crime by females are drawing the attention of the popular media as well as that of sociologists and criminologists. Increases in the rate of crime by women and shifts in the nature of women's criminal involvement are commonly attributed to the emergence of the women's liberation movement. Ac cording to one perspective, the influence of the women's movement on crime is direct; feminist women, or women holding favorable attitudes toward feminism, are more likely than women with more traditional attitudes to engage in criminal mis conduct. Other investigators posit an indirect association between the feminist movement and changes in female crime, arguing that the feminist movement filters down to young, black, and poor women in the form of increasing criminal op portunities, growing group support for illegal behavior, and weakening social con trols, especially by parents. Confining our interest to the delinquency of adolescent girls, we examine not only the direct effects of f...
Actinomycetes with antimicrobial activity isolated from paper wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) nests.

ABSTRACT Actinomycetes—a group of antimicrobial producing bacteria- have been successfully cultured and characterized from the nest material of diverse arthropods. Some are symbionts that produce antimicrobial chemicals found to protect nest brood and resources from pathogenic microbes. Others have no known fitness relationship with their associated insects, but have been found to produce antimicrobials in vitro. Consequently, insect nest material is being investigated as a new source of novel antimicrobial producing actinomycetes, which could be harnessed for therapeutic potential. To extend studies of actinomycete-insect associations beyond soil-substrate dwelling insects and wood boring excavators, we conducted a preliminary assessment of the actinomycetes within the nests of the paper wasp, Polistes dominulus (Christ). We found that actinomycetes were readily cultured from nest material across multiple invasive P. dominulus populations-including members of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and ...
Evolution of Starfishes: Morphology, Molecules, Development, and Paleobiology. Introduction to the Symposium1

Synopsis Among starfishes, fascinating life cycles and complex morphological patterns have evolved within a familiar but unusual basic body plan. In spite of these rich complexities, available phylogenetic interpretations conflict, and the history of this important group remains uncertain. The symposium brought together current perspectives on phylogeny, the implications of certain poorly known aspects of asteroid morphology, and consideration of significant events that preceded the diversification of extant asteroid groups in the Mesozoic. It has become axiomatic in modern organismal biology that strongly supported phylogenetic reconstructions are crucial to the understanding of biological pattern and progress. Although asteroids exhibit complex morphologies, life cycles, and behaviors that indicate their status as ideal model organisms in the study of marine invertebrates, their evolutionary history remains obscure. This is in part due to a lack of treatment by researchers but also in part due to inhere...
Post-Bubble Foreclosure-Prevention and -Mitigation Options in Seattle

This paper, commissioned by the Seattle City Council, takes the measure of Seattle's post-bubble negative equity and foreclosure problems, estimates numbers of underwater loans that have benefitted by existing federal, state and local programs, and recommends several options that the City has not yet explored but ought to consider. For underwater but not yet defaulted loans, these include 'lease swap' arrangements of a kind advocated by the author since 2011 and public-private eminent domain partnerships of the kind advocated by the author since the housing bust began. For already foreclosed properties, the author recommends a variation on the 'land bank' approach being pioneered in several other U.S. cities.
Spectroscopy ofPb186andTl186via evaporation residue detection

New spectroscopic information for the proton-rich nuclei $^{186}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{186}\mathrm{Tl}$ has been obtained from an experiment using the $^{48}\mathrm{Ti}+^{142}\mathrm{Nd}$ reaction at two different beam energies near the Coulomb barrier. The evaporation residue nuclei from this very fissile system have been selected with the detector system HERCULES and residue gated $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays have been measured with GAMMASPHERE. The electric quadrupole $(E2)$ character of several transitions in $^{186}\mathrm{Pb}$ has been established.
Fat containing renal mass in childhood: a case report of teratoid Wilms tumor.

AbstractRenal masses in childhood rarely contain adipose tissue as a major component. We report a case of teratoid Wilms tumor, an atypical variant of nephroblastoma, in which bilateral renal masses were found on computerized tomography to have a high fat content. Previously reported cases have had clinical characteristics in common with our case. However, our patient died of metastatic disease, which to our knowledge has not been previously described.
Summary of the On-line Transient Stability Analysis and Control System for Large Power Grid

How to ensure both the computing speed and the accuracy of the computing result at the same time is the most important issue to build on-line transient stability and control system for large power grid. This paper introduces the procedure of on-line transient stability and control system,and illustrates the current research condition on several fields such as contingency filtering,transient stability assessment,control scheme selection and project application. Further research issues and developing trends are also suggested.
Risk Prediction Model Based on PCA-RBF Neural Network

This paper puts forward a total risk premonition index system.The principle component analysis is used to select the most relevant process features and to eliminate the correlations of the input variables,and also to reduce RBF network's input dimensions.Based on RBF network,the paper has efficiently predicted college confidential project risk.The result proves that the method is of high precision and great applicability.
Indexing state–corporate propaganda? Evaluating the indexing, propaganda and media dependence models on CNN and CNN en Español’s coverage of Fallujah, Iraq

This study applies and evaluates the effectiveness of several critically inclined media performance models that have been termed by Robert Entman as the ‘hegemonic’ models: the propaganda and indexing models. The study proposes a synthesis of both these models, which serves as one of the main foundational theoretical components of the resulting media dependence model, an original and critical model of news analysis. An English-language news source and a Spanish-language news source belonging to the same company (Cable News Network (CNN) and CNN en Espanol) were analyzed in a sophisticated content analysis of coverage of major events in Fallujah, Iraq, in 2003 and 2004. The study concludes with the finding that ownership remains a powerful variable in news content, even when differing audiences and distinct public opinion leanings are in question.
The copper-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of alkylboron reagents: disproportionation of anionic (alkyl)(alkoxy)borates to anionic dialkylborates prior to transmetalation.

We report the first example of CuI-catalysed coupling of alkylboron reagents with aryl and heteroaryl iodides that affords products in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies with alkylborates indicate that the anionic (alkoxy)(alkyl)borates, generated from alkyllithium and alkoxyboron reagents, undergo disproportionation to anionic dialkylborates and that both anionic alkylborates are active for transmetalation to a CuI-catalyst. Results from a radical clock experiment and the Hammett plot imply that the reaction likely proceeds via a non-radical pathway.
Did US regions with manufacturing design generate more production jobs in the 2000s? New evidence on innovation and regional development:

US manufacturing policies increasingly steer resources toward the act of innovation. Emerging case-study evidence suggests that this innovation leads to manufacturing job growth. However, the case-study evidence from which this claim is assembled is incomplete and selective. Using regional-level industry-occupation data for US manufacturing sectors, we test the contribution of manufacturing innovation activities to production employment growth within US regions, for the 2000–2006 and 2006–2010 periods. While production employment continued to disperse from sites of historical manufacturing concentration over both time periods, innovation activities provided some advantages. From 2000 to 2006, regions with higher innovation concentrations in high-tech and medium–low technology industries, experienced slower rates of production employment decline. From 2006 to 2010, a period spanning the Great Recession, innovation activities were associated with reduced production job losses for industries of all technolog...
A multimodal analysis of synchrony during dyadic interaction using a metric based on sequential pattern mining

In human-human interaction, people tend to adapt to each other as the conversation progresses, mirroring their intonation, speech rate, fundamental frequency, word selection, hand gestures, and head movements. This phenomenon is known as synchrony, convergence, entrainment, and adaptation. Recent studies have investigated this phenomenon at different dimensions and levels for single modalities. However, the interplay between modalities at a local level to study synchrony between conversational partners is an open question. This paper studies synchrony using a multimodal approach based on sequential pattern mining in dyadic conversations. This analysis deals with both acoustic and text-based features at a local level. The proposed data-driven framework identifies frequent sequences containing events from multiple modalities that can quantify the synchrony between conversational partners (e.g., a speaker reduces speech rate when the other utters disfluencies). The evaluation relies on 90 sessions from the Fishers corpus, which comprises telephone conversations between two people. We develop a multimodal metric to quantify synchrony between conversational partners using this framework. We report initial results on this metric by comparing actual dyadic conversations with sessions artificially created by randomly pairing the speakers.
Fast axial scanning for 2-photon microscopy using liquid lens technology.

Scanning microscopy methods require movement of the focus in Z coordinates to produce an image of a 3-dimensional volume. In a typical imaging system, the optical setup is kept fixed and either the sample or the objective is translated with a mechanical stage driven by a stepper motor or a piezoelectric element. Mechanical Z scanning is precise, but its slow response and vulnerability to mechanical vibrations and stress make it disadvantageous to image dynamic, time-varying samples such as live cell structures. An alternative method less susceptible to these problems is to change the focal plane using conjugate optics. Deformable mirrors, acousto-optics, and electrically tunable lenses have been experimented with to achieve this goal and have attained very fast and precise Z-scanning without physically moving the sample. Here, we present the use of a liquid lens for fast axial scanning. Liquid lenses have a long functional life, high degree of phase shift, and low sensitivity to mechanical stress. They work on the principle of refraction at a liquid-liquid interface. At the boundary of a polar and an apolar liquid a spherical surface is formed whose curvature can be controlled by adjusting its relative wettability using electro-wetting. We characterize the effects of the lens on attainable Z displacement, beam spectral characteristics, and pulse duration as compared with mechanical scanning.
The Exchangeability of Brief Intelligence Tests for Children with Intellectual Giftedness: Illuminating Error Variance Components' Influence on IQs.

This study examined the exchangeability of total scores (i.e., intelligent quotients [IQs]) from three brief intelligence tests. Tests were administered to 36 children with intellectual giftedness, scored live by one set of primary examiners and later scored by a secondary examiner. For each student, six IQs were calculated, and all 216 values were submitted to a generalizability theory analysis. Despite strong convergent validity and reliability evidence supporting brief IQs, the resulting dependability coefficient was only .80, which indicates relatively low exchangeability across tests and examiners. Although error variance components representing the effects of the examiner, examiner-by-examinee interaction, the examiner-by-test interaction, and the test contributed little to IQ variability, the component representing the test-by-examinee interaction contributed about one-third of the variance in IQs. These findings hold implications for selecting and interpreting brief intelligence tests and general testing for intellectual giftedness.
Status and Sacredness: A General Theory of Status Relations and an Analysis of Indian Culture. By Murray Milner, Jr. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994

Status and Sacredness: A General Theory of Status Relations and an Analysis of Indian Culture . By Murray Milner, Jr. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. xiii, 336 pp. Reviewed by Karen Leonard , Professor of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717-5100.
"I may not be good at work, but I can still bring my home-made cookies!"

How does an employee who perceives him or her as inefficacious contribute to the organization? In this study, it is theorized that individuals with low self-efficacy in work can contribute more to the group or organization, by intensively conducting extra-role behaviors, than their counterparts with high self-efficacy. Low-efficacy individuals are expected to make attempts to relocate their resources into extra-role behaviors such as OCBs from in-role behaviors, at which they perceive relatively disadvantaged. The two-level data generally support the above expectations. In addition, the positive impact of perceived low self- efficacy on OCBs is moderated by individual differences, Neuroticism and bisociative cognitive styles.
Working with a Computer

This chapter begins with basic information about how a digital computer represents and works with numbers. For floating point numbers, the chapter describes how rounding errors occur in arithmetic operations, and examines the consequences for basic computations such as subtraction, finite differences and quadratic equations. Problems such as overflow, underflow and floating point exceptions are examined. Next, programming languages are introduced, compared and applied to the development of scientific computing algorithms. Techniques for timing the execution of programs are described, for later use in comparing the relative efficiency of competing algorithms. Object-oriented programming is introduced in C++. The organization of computer memory and its relevance to the design of computer programs is examined and applied to matrix operations. The fundamentals of computer input and output are provided for various computer languages. Important programming suggestions and techniques of defensive programming to detect and protect against floating point exceptions and memory faults are provided. The fundamental algorithm libraries LAPACK, STL and Pthread are introduced.
Synchronization of Bacterial Culture Growth

Synchronization of cell doubling times due to alternating starvation-nutrition cycles is studied here using a method based on nonlinear Lexis diagrams and the assumption that the cell cycle has three phases, pre-replication, replication and post-replication, the middle of which is always of fixed length once started.
Linear Programming Games

Three friends, Fred, Grace, and Henry, are looking into the possibilities of starting a day care center for children from (practically) 0 to 4 years. After a thorough investigation of the local regulations and market, they come to the following assessment of the situation. They need one nursemaid per four children from 0 to 2, and one nursemaid per 10 children from 2 to 4. For each child from 0 to 2 they are required to have 8 square meters available inside, and 4 outside. For a child from 2 to 4 the requirements are 5 and 6, respectively. After calculating all costs they realize that they can make a net profit of $200 per month per child from 0 to 2 and a net profit of $150 per month per child from 2 to 4. (The difference is due to the fact that since there are not many day care centers that accept children form 0 to 2 years they can ask a higher fee for them.) Fred knows 9 people whom he can hire as nursemaids. He has the possibility of renting 260 square meters inside and 200 outside. While considering the possibility of starting a day care center on his own he wants to calculate the maximum profit that he can make while complying with all regulations. Therefore he has to solve the following linear programming problem.1
Proteomics of natural bacterial isolates powered by deep learning-based de novo identification

The fundamental task in proteomic mass spectrometry is identifying peptides from their observed spectra. Where protein sequences are known, standard algorithms utilize these to narrow the list of peptide candidates. If protein sequences are unknown, a distinct class of algorithms must interpret spectra de novo. Despite decades of effort on algorithmic constructs and machine learning methods, de novo software tools remain inaccurate when used on environmentally diverse samples. Here we train a deep neural network on 5 million spectra from 55 phylogenetically diverse bacteria. This new model outperforms current methods by 25-100%. The diversity of organisms used for training also improves the generality of the model, and ensures reliable performance regardless of where the sample comes from. Significantly, it also achieves a high accuracy in long peptides which assist in identifying taxa from samples of unknown origin. With the new tool, called Kaiko, we analyze proteomics data from six natural soil isolates for which a proteome database did not exist. Without any sequence information, we correctly identify the taxonomy of these soil microbes as well as annotate thousands of peptide spectra.
Modes of Marijuana Consumption Among Colorado High School Students Before and After the Initiation of Retail Marijuana Sales for Adults.

Objective:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different modes of marijuana consumption (e.g., smoking, ingesting) overall and by sociodemographic factors, marijuana-related perceptions, ...
Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis: Safety and clinical outcomes in a retrospective case series.

Background Nivolumab demonstrated durable responses and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis in the CheckMate 040 trial, with rates of hepatotoxicity that were similar to those of non-HCC populations. To the authors' knowledge, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab has not been established in patients with Child-Pugh class B (CPB) cirrhosis, a population with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective case series of patients with advanced HCC and CPB cirrhosis who were treated with nivolumab and enrolled in the University of California at San Francisco Hepatobiliary Tissue Bank and Registry. Safety endpoints included rates of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) (graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.03]) and serious AEs, immune-related AEs (irAE), steroid requirement, and discontinuation. Efficacy endpoints included time on treatment, the objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Results A total of 18 patients were included, with 72% of them (13 of 18 patients) previously treated with sorafenib. The majority of patients (94%; 17 of 18 patients) experienced a grade ≥3 AE, with treatment-related grade ≥3 AEs reported in 28% of patients (5 of 18 patients). irAEs were reported to occur in approximately 50% of patients (9 of 18 patients), and 28% (5 of 18 patients) required steroids. Treatment-related AEs required discontinuation in 4 patients (22%). The median time on treatment was 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.9 months to upper bound not estimable). The objective response rate was 17% (3 of 18 patients), including 2 partial responses and 1 complete response. The median overall survival from the time of nivolumab initiation was 5.9 months (95% CI, 3 months to upper bound not estimable), with a median progression-free survival of 1.6 months (95% CI, 1.4-3.5 months). Conclusions Patients with CPB HCC experienced high rates of AEs, although the frequency of irAEs was similar to that of patients with Child-Pugh class A HCC in the CheckMate 040 trial. A subset of patients experienced prolonged tumor responses. Nivolumab warrants further study in patients with CPB HCC.