cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A qPCR-Based Survey of Haplosporidium nelsoni and Perkinsus spp. in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica in Maine, USA.

Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) aquaculture is increasingly playing a significant role in the state of Maine’s (USA) coastal economy. Here, we conducted a qPCR-based survey for Haplosporidium nelsoni, Perkinsus marinus, and Perkinsus chesapeaki in C. virginica (n = 1440) from six Maine sites during the summer–fall of 2016 and 2017. In the absence of reported die-offs, our results indicated the continued presence of the three protozoan parasites in the six sites. The highest H. nelsoni qPCR-prevalence corresponded to Jack’s Point and Prentiss Island ( x ¯ = 40 and 48% respectively), both located in the Damariscotta River Estuary. Jack’s Point, Prentiss Island, New Meadows River, and Weskeag River recorded the highest qPCR-prevalence for P. marinus (32–39%). While the P. marinus qPCR-prevalence differed slightly for the years 2016 and 2017, P. chesapeaki qPCR-prevalence in 2016 was markedly lower than 2017 ( 60% at all sites for each of the years, respectively). Mean qPCR-prevalence values for P. chesapeaki over the two-year study were ≥40% for samples from Jack’s Point (49%), Prentiss Island (44%), and New Meadows River (40%). This study highlights that large and sustained surveys for parasitic diseases are fundamental for decision making toward the management of the shellfish aquaculture industry, especially for having a baseline in the case that die-offs occur.
Preparation of 241Am/243Am gravimetric mixtures and development of Am isotopic and assay measurement techniques using thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Three gravimetric mixtures with 241Am/243Am isotope ratios at nominally 1:1, 20:1, and 200:1 were prepared for calibration of the thermal ionization mass spectrometer instruments used for americium isotopic and assay measurements by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The total evaporation analytical technique that has already been demonstrated to provide accurate (within ±0.03%) 235U/238U and 240Pu/239Pu ratios was developed to obtain highly reproducible Am isotopic ratios. The technique was also applied to Am assay measurements using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The Am isotope ratio and assay measurement techniques were utilized to characterize batches of americium oxide separated from plutonium materials in storage at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of commercial use of 241AmO2. LA-UR-20–23098.
Feasibility of the Hand in Hand Relationship Intervention for Stroke Survivor–Caregiver Dyads: A Randomized Trial:

Purpose:A strong interpersonal relationship after stroke is important for the prevention of depression in survivors and family caregivers. This study aimed to test the feasibility of quality of rel...
Criminal Justice Amid the Pandemic of 2020

Tragedy is the very nature of criminal law. Every bit of it is about tragedy, from the pain of the victims to the harm done to offenders through punishment. The enterprise as a whole, even at its best, presents a practical and spiritual challenge to those that work within its dirty, clanking machinery. And then came 2020, bringing with it a pandemic which ravaged prisons, shuts down the courts, and destroyed the economy, especially for the least among us. Like a snow-globe that reveals its nature when shaken, the shocks of 2020 have revealed a striking and unsettling picture of criminal justice in the United States. This book chapter is a first cut at describing some of that picture. It looks at the impact of the pandemic on prisons and jails, on crime, on its intersection with the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers, and something more deeply hidden but significant: 2020’s grinding away of the last bits of emotional connection to their work for some of the people who work in this dystopian system.
Territorial Peace Without Territorial Governments: The Centralising Logic of the 2016 Colombian Peace Accord:

Colombia’s 2016 peace accord emphasises the concept of “territorial peace” but denies meaningful roles for territorial governments—a design decision that is especially puzzling given the recent pro...
Chapter 4 Thermochemistry of III–N Semiconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the thermochemistry of III-N semiconductors. Unusually large kinetic and thermodynamic barriers are present during the epitaxial growth of III - N systems. For this reason, many aspects of the synthesis methods and the resulting material quality differ from those typically encountered with other III–V compounds. To understand the critical issues of growth and processing, it is important that the energetic barriers of these material systems be well characterized. In this chapter, the principles of thermochemistry are used to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers encountered during III-N synthesis and processing. Phase diagrams are used to graphically illustrate thermodynamically stable products and their relative concentration as a function of independent variables, typically temperature, pressure, and composition. The chapter discusses the principles of thermodynamics and provides a compilation of thermodynamic state functions (e.g., G, H, S) of chemicals used in III-N technology and the net change in these parameters that occur in commonly encountered III-N reactions. A quantitative analysis of the role that thermodynamic and kinetic barriers play in III-N decomposition reactions is presented in the chapter.
Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) has been an important human pathogen for over 100 years and continues to cause a wide variety of infections, ranging from mild otitis media and sinusitis to serious lower respiratory infections, as well as life-threatening invasive infections such as meningitis or pneumonia. Worldwide, morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal infections are highest among young children below the age of 5 years, accounting for approximately one-third of the estimated 1.3 million deaths from pneumonia in 2011 [1]. The pneumococcus is a common colonizer in the respiratory tract, especially in the nasopharynx of children where it is often exposed to antimicrobials. As well as affecting the young, S. pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly; it is the most common etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, often resulting in hospitalization of previously healthy individuals.
Evolving Finite-State Machine Strategies for Protecting Resources

We are becoming increasingly dependent on large interconnected networks for the control of our resources. One important issue is resource protection strategies in the event of failures and/or attacks. To address this issue we investigated the effectiveness of evolving finite-state machine (FSM) strategies for winning against an adversary in a challenging Competition for Resources simulation. Although preliminary results were promising, unproductive cyclic behavior lowered performance. We then augmented evolution with an algorithm that rapidly detects and removes this cyclic behavior, thereby improving performance dramatically.
A new 2-step risk-stratification clinical score for suspected appendicitis in children

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to develop a new Children's Appendicitis Score (CAS) by combining 3 inflammatory markers and a set of predictors for suspected appendicitis in children. Methods 374 children aged 4–16years with suspicion of appendicitis were prospectively enrolled for the derivation cohort. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory, and histology data were collected. The outcome measure was the histological presence or absence of appendicitis. Backward logistic regression was employed to select predictors for construction of a score. Diagnostic performance of CAS was compared with the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) on a separate validation cohort. Results The combination of normal white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage, and C-reactive protein (CRP) had a 100% negative predictive value for appendicitis. We assigned ‘coefficient A' as ‘zero' when all triple markers were negative and ‘one' when any one markers was positive. A second component of 6 predictors was identified for construction of the ‘raw score': Localized right-lower-quadrant pain, generalized guarding, constant characteristic of pain, pain on percussion or coughing, WBC≥14000/L and CRP≥24g/L. CAS was generated by multiplying ‘coefficient A' by ‘raw score'. Conclusion CAS is superior to PAS in ruling out appendicitis. Risk stratification of equivocal patients could guide the need for further diagnostic imaging examination.
Illicit Americas: Historical Dynamics of Smuggling in U.S. Relations with Its Neighbors

The proliferation of illicit cross-border flows in the Americas — ranging from unauthorized migrant workers and psychoactive substances to arms and dirty money — is often portrayed as an alarming and unprecedented challenge to borders and government authority in the region. At first glance, there is indeed much that is new and novel — most dramatized by the sheer magnitude of drug-related violence in recent years in countries such as Mexico and Honduras. Yet from a much broader historical perspective, illicit cross-border flows of various sorts have been a defining feature of U.S. commercial relations with its neighbors from the very start, suggesting that there is much more continuity with the past than conventional accounts recognize. Porous borders and weak government capacity have long defined the region, and attempts to secure borders and tighten controls have often had the perverse and unintended consequence of creating a more formidable smuggling challenge. At the same time, efforts to regulate illicit border crossings have expanded the reach of central government authority and stimulated the development of border enforcement infrastructure and capacity. Bringing this history back in to contemporary policy debates can offer fresh perspectives and lessons and provide an antidote to the often shrill and hyperbolic public discourse today about “out of control” borders.
Helga Wanglie's ventilator.

KIE: Cranford lays out the facts in the dispute between the Hennepin County Medical Center and the family of Helga Wanglie, an 86-year-old ventilator-dependent patient in a persistent vegetative state. Mrs. Wanglie's husband, supported by the couple's children, insists that all forms of treatment be continued while health personnel believe that further treatment is not indicated based on the patient's prognosis. Failure on the part of the family and the medical center to reach a consensus regarding Mrs. Wanglie's care has resulted in legal action.
Reliability of Self-Reported Nicotine Use as Determined by Serum Cotinine Levels in Patients Referred for Liver Transplantation

Background Smoking has been associated with a higher incidence of post-hepatic transplantation de novo noncutaneous neoplasms and vascular complications. There are conflicting reports regarding increased posttransplant mortality. Objective The authors sought to determine the reliability of patient-reported nicotine product use (NPU) in candidates for hepatic transplantation. Method The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all patients referred for liver transplantation in a 12-month period. Each patient’s report of recent or current nicotine product use through smoking, chewing tobacco, or nicotine replacement products, as obtained in interviews, was compared with the quantitative result of serum cotinine levels. Results Of 171 patients referred for liver transplant evaluation during a 12-month period, 17% reported ongoing NPU, and 83% denied it. Of the patients who denied recent NPU, 11% had serum cotinine levels reflective of active use. Of the patients reporting active NPU, 97% had positive cotinine levels. Conclusion There was a high degree of reliability of patient self-reported NPU, but detecting deceptive reporting is important in the selection of patients who will have long-term success with liver transplantation.
Decrease of Magnetization of Itinerant Electrons by Spin-Orbit Scattering on Impurities

The exchange-enhanced magnetic susceptibility of Sc and ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$Ga decreases strongly when small amounts of nonmagnetic impurities are added. The decrease is a linear function of the spectroscopic spin-orbit energy of the impurity at constant valency and has the same origin as the decrease of the Curie temperature of Ni in dilute Ni:Pd and Ni:Pt.
Nests of intermediate depth (70–160 km) earthquakes adjacent to active volcanoes during 1963–1982

Abstract Uniform maps of circumpacific convergence zones constructed by the same projection and scale reveal three main associations between intermediate depth seismicity and contemporaneous volcanic activity. First, in areas of high seismicity there are usually few active volcanoes. Second, in areas of low to moderate seismicity aseismic domains can often be recognized beneath the active volcanoes. Third, adjacent to the aseismic domains there are nests of seismicity located a few 10's of km away from the active volcanoes usually in the direction of the trench. More than 40 such nests are identified in the circumpacific and Indonesian arcs. These three associations may be related to melting near the upper surface of the underthrust slab. A fluid phase, either silicate melt or a hydrous fluid released by dehydration of the slab, would lower the strength of the slab and create aseismic zones beneath the active volcanoes. Nests of earthquakes can develop by stress concentration at the margins of the weak zones. Areas not volcanically active have little or no fluid phase and a higher level of seismicity.
Effects of Amino Acids on Melanoma Targeting and Clearance Properties of Tc-99m-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acids on melanoma targeting and clearance properties of new 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-DTyr-Asp]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RNleD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, RPheD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, and RdPheD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, 99mTc-RFD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, and 99mTc-RfD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of Gly with Ser, Phe, and dPhe increased the MC1 receptor binding affinities of the peptides, whereas the substitution of Gly with Nle decreased the MC1 receptor binding affinity of the peptide. 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (18.01 ± 4.22% ID/g) and the lowest kidney and liver uptake among thes...
The use of extinction models for species conservation

Abstract The implications of the use of models from three fields in biology, namely, island biogeography, population genetics, and population dynamics, for the management of wildlife populations and the conservation of species are reviewed. The theory of island biogeography has little to offer to conservation practice because the formulation of the model is questionable, empirical evidence does not support it, and the predictions of the theory do not address directly the central problem of species extinctions. Unlike island biogeography, models in population genetics and population dynamics utilise population-specific information and provide answers to problems in terms of extinction probabilities and the change in population parameters in response to changes in specific environmental conditions.
“Cotton fever” in narcotic addicts

Two patients presented to the emergency department with acute onset of fever and myalgia after injecting heroin reclaimed from previously used cotton filters. Their histories and clinical courses are illustrative of the symptom complex known to drug users as "cotton fever." Although the causative mechanisms are unknown, the syndrome does appear to have a benign, self-limiting course.
Tolerances of oat cultivars to an acid soil high in exchangeable aluminum

Abstract Aluminum tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars are needed for use in rotation with potatoes which require a low soil pH (<5.4) to control the potato scab disease. They would also be valuable where lime is not readily available or prohibitively expensive, or where oats are grown on soils underlain by strongly acid subsoils. However, to date, oat cultivars and germplasm collections have not been systematically evaluated for this trait. Our objective was to determine the range of Al tolerance available among oat cultivars and advanced breeding lines entered in regional experimental nurseries. Forty‐eight cultivars were grown for 28 days in greenhouse pots of an unlimed, Al toxic, Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3 and in limed Tatum soil at pH 5.7 (3 g kg‐1 CaCO3). Oat cultivars differed significantly in tolerance to the acid soil. Relative top yields (pH 4.3/pH 5.7%) ranged from 34.2 to 13.1% and relative root yields from 50 to 16.9%. Cultivars showing highest tolerance included Coker 83–23, Glen, Victory,...
Persistent infection of influenza virus in irradiated mice and its prevention by intranasal vaccination

Effects of intranasal administration of influenza vaccine on persistent viral infection in gamma-ray irradiated mice were examined. BALB/c mice were exposed to a sub-lethal dose of gamma-ray (7Gy) and infected intranasally with non-lethal A/PR/8/34 (PR8, H1N1) viruses. The mice irradiated on days 0 or +2 of infection showed a significant weight loss with a slight decrease in survival rate 3 weeks after infection. These mice kept infective viruses in the nasal and/or lung sites even 3 weeks after infection (persistent viral infection) without IgA or IgG antibodies (Abs), although non-irradiated infected mice cleared the virus completely within 2 weeks. On the other hand, the pretreatment with the nasal adjuvant-combined vaccine (3 days before irradiation) prevented the persistent viral infection with the Abs. These results demonstrate that the exacerbation of influenza is induced by the irradiation during early days of infection (0-2 days) and that the exacerbation is prevented by the intranasal vaccination at least 3 days before irradiation.
Decrease in myocardial ryanodine receptors and altered excitation- contraction coupling early in the development of heart failure

BACKGROUNDRapid ventricular pacing for 1 day reduced myocardial contractile function without inducing heart failure in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. After 4 to 7 weeks of pacing, myocardial contractility was depressed further and overt signs of congestive heart failure, eg, ascites, dyspnea, and edema, were evident.METHODS AND RESULTSThe mechanical restitution response, a physiological index of calcium release, was depressed at 1 day of rapid ventricular pacing. Postextrasystolic potentiation was also depressed by a similar amount, 14 +/- 3%, at 1 day after pacing. The response to isoproterenol 0.2 microgram/kg per minute was depressed by a significantly greater amount (P < .05), 52 +/- 7%, at 1 day after pacing. 3H-ryanodine receptor binding fell from 1013 +/- 25 to 808 +/- 42 fmol/mg after 1 day of pacing and remained depressed at similar levels (782 +/- 61 fmol/mg) at 4 to 7 weeks when heart failure was manifest. Ryanodine receptor affinity was unchanged from control values. Neither dihydro...
The occurrence of zeinoxanthin in alfalfa

Abstract A monohydroxycarotenol has been isolated from alfalfa and shown to be zeinoxanthin.
Thermostable glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus I. Immunochemical studies

Abstract 1. 1. In this investigation, some immunological properties of thermophilic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD + oxido-reductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) were compared with those of its counterparts from yeast and rabbit muscle. 2. 2. The maximum inhibition of enzymic activity by homologous antiserum was 94% for the yeast enzyme, 96% for the thermophilic enzyme and 50% for the rabbit muscle enzyme. No cross inhibition could be demonstrated with any of the enzymes and their heterologous antisera. 3. 3. Preincubation of the thermophilic enzyme with NAD + had no effect on inhibition by homologous antiserum, in contrast to decreased inhibition observed with the yeast and rabbit muscle enzyme. 4. 4. Based on quantitative precipitin tests, 1.3 times the amount of homologous antibody is precipitated by the thermophilic enzyme compared to the yeast enzyme. By contrast, 7 times the amount of antibody is required for maximum inhibition of the thermophilic enzyme. 5. 5. No cross reaction could be demonstrated with any of the enzymes and their heterologous antisera using the quantitative precipitin test, immunodiffusion or immunoelectrophoresis. 6. 6. Data involving the effect of denaturants demonstrated that there are marked differences between the thermophilic enzyme and the yeast enzyme in terms of enzymic activity and immunological reactivity.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a series of eight singular neurectomies.

CONCLUSION: The singular neurectomy as described by Gacek in 1974 is an efficient procedure to control symptoms in case of intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), with an acceptable risk of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We postulate that this complication may not be a direct consequence of the surgical procedure but rather may be consecutive to the reactivation of the biological phenomenon that caused the BPPV. We also observed in one patient that BPPV may exist although no nystagmus can be elicited by provocative manoeuvres. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of the surgery, and to analyse the rate and causes of complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The eight patients operated in the department between August 1997 and April 2006 were evaluated in June 2006. One had been operated because he had a typical history of BPPV, but no nystagmus could be elicited by the Hallpike's manoeuvre. RESULTS: All patients were free of vertigo and considered their quality of life improved. The Hallpike's manoeuvre was negative in all cases. A SNHL occurred in two patients, immediately after surgery in one and several months later in the second. The patient with a negative Hallpike's manoeuvre before surgery went back to work 3 weeks after surgery.
Direct measurement of strain effects on magnetic and electrical properties of epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films

By lifting an epitaxial thin film off its growth substrate, we directly and quantitatively demonstrate how elastic strain can alter the magnetic and electrical properties of single-domain epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films (1000 A thick) on vicinal (001) SrTiO3 substrates. Free-standing films were then obtained by selective chemical etching of the SrTiO3. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the free-standing films are strain free, whereas the original as-grown films on SrTiO3 substrates are strained due to the lattice mismatch at the growth interface. Relaxation of the lattice strain resulted in a 10 K increase in the Curie temperature to 160 K, and a 20% increase in the saturation magnetic moment to 1.45 μB/Ru atom. Both values for the free-standing films are the same as that of the bulk single crystals. Our results provide direct evidence of the crucial role of the strain effect in determining the properties of the technologically important perovskite epitaxial thin films.
Pericardial Cysts in Children: Surgical or Conservative Approach?

The authors present a case of an 11-year-old boy with a history of mild asthma and cough who underwent radiographic examination of the chest. The radiograph showed a round, discrete mass in the right cardiophrenic angle. The patient underwent thoracoscopic excision, and histologic examination found a unilocular, pericardial cyst. The possible causes of mediastinal masses and an argument for their surgical removal is presented.
The araC regulatory gene mRNA contains a leader sequence.

An estimation of the size of the araC gene in Escherichia coli B/r was made by sub-cloning restriction fragments of the araC-containing hybrid plasmid pTB1 into the plasmid pBR322. Plasmids which contained a functional araC gene were identified by genetic complementation tests. DNA sequence analysis of the promoter-proximal region of the araC gene revealed that araC mRNA contains a 150 nucleotide leader.
REGULATION OF RENAL TUBULAR CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS BY ANGIOTENSIN II (AII) IN THE NEONATAL RAT KIDNEY WITH UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION(UUO). • 1702

REGULATION OF RENAL TUBULAR CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS BY ANGIOTENSIN II (AII) IN THE NEONATAL RAT KIDNEY WITH UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION(UUO). • 1702
Extending IDL to support concurrent views

Derivation and refinement in IDL currently provide kinds of views in the sense that two IDL structures can describe the same data in different ways. But derivation and refinement are limited in that (a) they do not support concurrent access to shared information and (b) the range of differences between derived views is quite restricted. In this paper we outline an architecture in which IDL is extended to correct these problems. This design allows a collection of IDL-based tools to access a common object base concurrently through views defined as (extended) IDL structures. Mappings between views are provided automatically by the IDL translator and database support mechanisms.
Near field radiation from four coaxial line fed structures

Near field time-average power distribution and radiation direction patterns are presented for a coaxial line flush-mounted on an infinite ground plane and terminated with (a) an infinite homogeneous half space, (b) a hemispherical extended center conductor, (c) a hemispherical dielectric cover, and (d) a hemispherical extended center conductor with a dielectric coating. Expressions are given for the electric and magnetic fields and Green's functions for the dielectric coaled conducting hemisphere case, from which the fields and Green's functions for the other three cases can be constructed. Each of the four structures described here is either in use or has potential applications as an antenna or as a component in an external medium dielectric constant measurement system.
Visualization of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Streamtubes, Streamsurfaces and Ellipsoids

Researchers in computational condensed matter physics deal with complex data sets consisting of time varying 3D tensor, vector, and scalar quantities. Particularly, in the research of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals (LC) displaying the results of the computer simulation of molecular dynamics presents a challenge. Combining existing immersive and interactive visualization methods we developed new methods that attempt to provide a clear, efficient, and intuitive way to visualize and explore LC data. In addition, the visualization of the data has presented us with a novel method of obtaining the locations of the topological defects present in a liquid crystal system.
An integration method of enzyme analysis.

Abstract The application of an integration method of kinetic analysis to first-order and second-order reactions is discussed with particular emphasis on enzyme analyses. Transducer signals or concentrations of products or substrates are integrated for a Fixed time and the net integral of the increased or decreased signal or concentration is related to the initial substrate or enzyme concentration. Equations are developed describing the dependence of the integrals on enzyme and substrate concentrations for first- and second-order reactions, and examples are presented illustrating different cases. The application of this method to complicated enzymatic systems is discussed.
A chlorate‐hypersensitive, high nitrate/chlorate uptake mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Seedlings hypersensitive to root-supplied chlorate were isolated from mutagentreated populations of A. thaliana L. (Heynh.). Characterization of one such mutant is described in the present report. The mutant (designated C1), accumulated greater than normal quantities of nitrate in the leaves and took up nitrate and chlorate rapidly in uptake experiments. The nitrate and chlorate uptake rates of this mutant were substantially higher than for eight other genotypes tested in our laboratory. Nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) activity, and cytochrome c reductase (CCR) activity of NR were slightly elevated in young plants. The altered nitrate uptake rates may represent the primary lesion of this mutant. Its phenotype is substantially different from that of a previously described chlorate hypersensitive mutant (C4) and is not controlled by the same locus.
Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy, 1650-1668

Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Introduction Part 1. The Rod of the Lord: Ideology and the Outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch War: 2. Historiographical overview 3. The attempt at unification 4. The road to war Coda: the popular apocalyptic context Part II. To Unite Against the Common Enemy: The 1654 Treaty of Westminster and the End of Apocalyptic Foreign Policy: 5. Historiographical overview 6. The causes of the war stated 7. Peace proposed 8. Political upheavals and ideological divisions 9. The rejection of apocalyptic foreign policy 10. The Protectorate's new foreign policy Part III. Popery, Trade and Universal Monarchy: Ideology and the Outbreak of the Second Anglo-Dutch War: 11. Historiographical overview 12. The establishment of an Orangist foreign policy 13. The Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1662 14. The Northern Rebellion and the reestablishment of Anglican Royalist consensus 15. The April 1664 trade resolution 16. Popery, trade and universal monarchy Part IV. The Medway, Breda and the Triple Alliance: The Collapse of Anglican Royalist Foreign Policy: 17. Historiographical overview 18. The circulation of news and the course of the war 19. The popular understanding of the war 20. The government's war aims 21. An Orangist revolution 22. Victory denied and wartime consensus shattered 23. The rise of political opposition 24. The road to Chatham: the decision not to send out a battle fleet 25. The demise of Anglican Royalist foreign policy Conclusion Bibliography Index.
New dynamical invariants on hyperbolic manifolds

The rotation measure is an asymptotic dynamical invariant assigned to a typical point of a flow in a fiber bundle over a hyperbolic manifold. The total mass of the rotation measure is the average speed of the orbit and its “direction” is the ergodic invariant probability measure of the hyperbolic geodesic flow which best captures the asymptotic dynamics of the given point. The rotation measure exists almost everywhere and is constant for an ergodic measure of the given flow and so it may be viewed as assigning an ergodic measure of the geodesic flow to one of the given flow. It generalizes the usual notion of homology rotation vector by encoding homotopy information.
Genomic fluidity is a necessary event preceding the acquisition of tumorigenicity during spontaneous neoplastic transformation of WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells

The genomic evolution of a cohort of WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cell lineages undergoing spontaneous neoplastic transformation was followed to define the mechanistic relationship between genomic instability and progression to the neoplastic phenotype. Eighteen independent populations of WB-F344 cells (initiated from a single diploid-founding population) were subjected to 12 cycles of selective growth at confluent cell density, and cellular DNA contents were measured after each selection cycle. Flow cytometry demonstrated significant gains in the amount of G1 DNA after selection cycles 3, 6, and 7 in 44% (8 of 18), 89% (16 of 18), and 39% (7 of 18) of the cell populations, respectively. All populations subsequently lost DNA and returned to a diploid or pseudo-diploid DNA content within 1 to 2 selection cycles after the appearance of an increased DNA content. Additionally, appearance and subsequent disappearance of aneuploid or tetraploid subpopulations was observed in 11% (2 of 18) and 83% (15 of 18) of the experimental lineages, respectively. Although perturbations of G1 DNA content were apparent as early as selection cycle 3, at least 8 cycles of selective growth were required for the acquisition of tumorigenicity. While the independent lineages demonstrated significant fluctuations in G1 DNA content between selection cycles 3 and 8, the majority (11 of 13) of the populations contained a diploid or pseudo-diploid DNA content at the time tumorigenicity was expressed. Genomic instability preceded the acquisition of tumorigenic potential in rat liver epithelial cells subjected to selective growth conditions of maintenance at confluence, and may be required for its expression.
Transforming academic research findings into economically profitable technologies

The Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) operates on the principle that pooling investment in basic, pre-competitive research permits members to target a larger percentage of their research and development dollars towards devising technologies that will yield a competitive edge. This benefit is mot effectively realized, however, when the research “product” is expeditiously transferred from the research lab into the commercial environment. The product, in this case, may be knowledge, a design or manufacturing tool, personnel who are trained in the use of the tool, or information about a research approach that should be avoided. At the SRC, technology transfer is essential to the success of its cooperative research effort, and consequently, during 15 years of managing this transfer across the university/industry interface, the not-for-profit consortiun has developed and refined structures and methodologies to overcome transfer barriers. The paper written by Lynn Burnett, Gail Massari and Richard LaScala discusses administrative and managerial barriers to technology conversion and transfer and the solutions developed and practiced by the SRC to transcend those barriers.
Parallel computing with the Sisal applicative language: programmability and performance issues

The traditional argument for applicative languages has been programmability. Indeed, due to high-level ions and the implicit parallelism provided by applicative languages, programmers are free to concentrate on the implementation of the algorithm at hand without being burdened with low-level machine execution details. However, it has long been believed that the implementation and raw performance of applicative languages would be their downfalL We report here that it is easy to deliver both programmability and performance through applicative programming. To demonstrate the viability of applicative programming in the context of parallel computing, quantitative results from an experiment which consists of developing a multigrid elliptic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) solver are presented.
Sensitivity analysis of DOA estimation using the ESPRIT algorithm

An array antenna system with innovative advanced signal processing can reduce the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation variance.12 This paper presents the DOA estimation by estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant technique (ESPRIT). Two different array antennas are used in this simulation study. The DOA performance as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of snapshots and effect of spatial smoothing are discussed in this paper. The position of array antenna elements may deviate from the ideal location. The imprecise element position will increase the DOA estimation variance. Sensitivity analysis due to non-ideal element position is also discussed in this paper.
The infrared spectrum of 12C32S and 12C34S

Abstract The 2-0 vibration-rotation bands of 12 C 32 S and 12 C 34 S near 2530 cm −1 have been measured with a high resolution spectrometer. The spectroscopic constants for these bands are given, as well as an improved set of Dunham coefficients for the X 1 Σ + state of 12 C 32 S.
Comparison of Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples

Abstract Liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been compared for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a variety of environmental samples. Three sets of data are presented in this paper in which LC/fluorescence and GC/MS were used for the analysis of the same samples. These three data sets include the comparison of results from: (1) certification measurements for three natural matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRM's), (2) an international round robin for the determination of PAHs in air and diesel particulate samples, and (3) the analysis of four marine sediment reference materials. The results from these studies indicate that the two techniques generally provide comparable results for the measurement of PAHs in environmental samples (in the range of 0.1 to 300 ng/g), with differences in the two techniques between 5–20%. However, at low levels, anthracene and perylene are best measured using LC/fluorescence...
Quiet-time low latitude ionospheric electrodynamics in the non-hydrostatic Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model

Abstract Recently the University of Michigan's Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model (GITM) has been equipped with new potential dynamo solver. GITM explicitly solves the full three-dimensional dynamo equations of the thermosphere and ionosphere self-consistently with realistic forcing. Unlike the other coupled global ionospheric models, GITM relaxes the hydrostatic assumption. It includes the IGRF magnetic field with the modified APEX coordinate system, set for the date of the simulation. The model runs are initiated with MSIS model for the neutral atmosphere and with IRI model values for the ionospheric charged particles, but eventually computes these quantities self consistently. The model is also updated to include lower boundary tidal forcing. During geomagnetic quiet conditions, the poleward boundary of the ionospheric dynamo in the model is fixed at ±70° geomagnetic latitude. Two-dimensional electrostatic potential patterns are constructed assuming the equipotential field lines. The model is run for 10 days to ensure quasi-equilibrium state. The GITM simulations reproduce the stronger dynamo processes near dusk during solar maximum. The seasonal dependence is investigated during spring equinox, June and December solstices. GITM results indicate a weaker evening pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) during winter and a stronger PRE during equinoctial months. It is found that the time of PRE occurrence in the Philippine sector is independent of the solar activity and season. Also the seasonal effects are prominent near dawn and dusk sectors. The morning reversal of the vertical drifts occurs late during March and the evening reversals are late during month of December. The effects of different lower boundary tidal inputs have been studied, which reveal the significance of E-region wind dynamo in determining F-region plasma drifts. The model is capable of capturing the salient features of the low to mid-latitude ionosphere, and should be a helpful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
FGF23 and mineral metabolism in the early post-renal transplantation period

The relationship between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and vitamin D production and catabolism post-renal transplantation has not been characterized. Circulating creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, parathyroid hormone, FGF23, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (calcitriol) values were obtained pre-transplantation, daily post-operatively for 5 days, and at 6 months post-transplantation in 44 patients aged 16.4 ± 0.4 years undergoing renal transplantation at UCLA from 1 August 2005 through to 30 April 2007. 25(OH) Vitamin D and 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D concentrations were obtained at baseline and on post-operative days 5 and 180, and urinary concentrations of creatinine, phosphorus, and FGF23 were measured on post-operative days 1, 3, 5, and 180. Circulating phosphate concentrations declined more rapidly and the fractional excretion of phosphorus was higher in the first week post-transplantation in subjects with higher FGF23 values. Fractional excretion of FGF23 was low at all time-points. Circulating 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels rose more rapidly and were consistently higher in patients with lower FGF23 values; however, 25(OH) vitamin D and 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D values were unrelated to FGF23 concentrations. Inhibition of renal 1α-hydroxylase, rather than stimulation of 24-hydroxylase, may primarily contribute to the relationship between FGF23 values and calcitriol. The rapid decline in FGF23 levels post-transplantation in our patient cohort was not mediated solely by the filtration of intact FGF23 by the new kidney.
Training in a Virtual Stereoscopic Environment

This study investigated transfer-of-training for a pick-and-place task in monoscopic, stereoscopic, and real-world environments. Ten training trials were given to 30 subjects in the three environme...
Endomorphin 1 and 2, Endogenous Ligands for the μ-opioid Receptor, Decrease Cardiac Output, and Total Peripheral Resistance in the Rat

Abstract Champion, H. C., J. E. Zadina, A. J. Kastin, L. Hackler, L.-J. Ge and P. J. Kadowitz. Endomorphin 1 and 2, endogenous ligands for the μ-opioid receptor, decrease cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in the rat. Peptides 18(9) 1393–1397, 1997.—Endomorphin 1 and 2 are recently discovered endogenous ligands for the μ-opioid receptor. In the present study, responses to intravenous administration of endomorphin 1 and 2 were investigated in the systemic vascular bed of the rat. Endomorphin 1 and 2 induced dose-related decreases in systemic arterial pressure when injected in doses of 10–100 nmol/kg IV. The decreases in systemic arterial pressure in response to endomorphin 1 and 2 were associated with significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. The endogenous ligand for the ORL1 receptor, nociceptin/OFQ had similar effects on systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance in the rat. Injections of isoproterenol (1 μg/kg IV) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 0.3 nmol/kg IV), decreased systemic arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance. However these decreases in arterial pressure were associated with increases in heart rate and cardiac output. The results of the present study demonstrate that the endomorphin peptides have significant vasodilator activity in the systemic vascular bed of the rat and show that this response is associated with a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output.
Performing the Filipina “mail-order bride”: Queer neoliberalism, affective labor, and homonationalism

The 2005 video/performance art piece, Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride, by the Filipina American performance-art ensemble, the Mail Order Brides, examines the role of affective labor in constituting gay marriage as a form of US homonational belonging. In a contemporary context of capitalist globalization, Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride critiques the subjugation of the third-world woman worker within a queer neoliberal logic, highlighting the inability of the mainstream US LGBT movement to address issues of race, migration, and labor. The Mail Order Brides enact forms of feminist camp and ethnic drag to denaturalize the affective labor that is embodied within the figure of the Filipina “mail-order bride.” In doing so, Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride links an analysis of transnational Filipina labor with a critique of queer cultural politics in the US In its critique of queer neoliberalism, Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride builds on and contributes to queer of color social movements committed to ...
Closed forms for asymptotic bias and variance in autoregressive models with unit roots

Abstract For a first-order autoregressive AR(1) model with zero initial value, xt = αxt−1 + et, we provide closed-form analytical expressions for the asymptotic bias and variance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator α = ∑ 1 n x t x t−1 ∑ 1 n−1 x t 2 when ¦α¦ = 1 . For the bias, numerical accuracy of up to six significant digits is achieved for sample sizes n > 100.
Airborne thermal remote sensing for water temperature assessment in rivers and streams

Abstract Airborne remote sensing methods are needed to assess spatial patterns of stream temperature at scales relevant to issues in water quality and fisheries management. In this study, we developed an airborne remote sensing method to measure spatially continuous patterns of stream temperature and evaluated the physical factors that influence the accuracy of thermal remote sensing of flowing waters. The airborne thermal infrared (TIR) system incorporated an internally calibrated thermal imager (8–12 μm) aligned with a visible band camera in a vertically mounted, gimbaled pod attached to the underside of a helicopter. High-resolution imagery (0.2–0.4 m) covering the entire channel and adjacent floodplains was recorded digitally and georeferenced in-flight along 50- to 60-km river sections ranging from 2 to 110 m in width. Radiant water temperature corresponded to kinetic water temperature (5–27°C) in a range of stream environments within ±0.5°C. Longitudinal profiles of radiant water temperature from downstream to headwater reaches provided a spatial context for assessing large-scale patterns of thermal heterogeneity and fine-scale thermal features such as tributaries and groundwater inputs. Potential sources of error in remote measurements of stream temperature included reflected longwave radiation, thermal boundary layer effects at the water surface, and vertical thermal stratification. After taking into account the radiative properties of the surrounding environment and the physical qualities of the stream, thermal remote sensing proved highly effective for examining spatial patterns of stream temperature at a resolution and extent previously unattainable through conventional methods of stream temperature measurement using in-stream data recorders.
Protamine-induced thrombocytopenia?

In this issue of Blood , Bakchoul et al and Lee et al describe and characterize a common but only recently recognized immune response to protamine after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery with potential important clinical implications.[1][1],[2][2] ![Figure][3] Potential role of heparin in
It's not just what you say: Relationships of HIV dislosure and risk reduction among MSM in the post-HAART era

Abstract In the post-HAART era, critical questions arise as to what factors affect disclosure decisions and how these decisions are associated with factors such as high-risk behaviors and partner variables. We interviewed 1,828 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), of whom 46% disclosed to all partners. Among men with casual partners, 41.8% disclosed to all of these partners and 21.5% to none. Disclosure was associated with relationship type, perceived partner HIV status and sexual behaviors. Overall, 36.5% of respondents had unprotected anal sex (UAS) with partners of negative/unknown HIV status. Of those with only casual partners, 80.4% had >1 act of UAS and 58% of these did not disclose to all partners. This 58% were more likely to self-identify as gay (versus bisexual), be aware of their status for <5 years and have more partners. Being on HAART, viral load and number of symptoms were not associated with disclosure. This study—the largest conducted to date of disclosure among MSM and one of th...
Biosensors: Magnets tackle kinetic questions

Interactions between biomolecules can be probed with the help of technology that was developed for reading data stored on magnetic disk drives.