cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic Constants of Polycrystalline BeO as a Function of Pressure and Temperature

The sound velocities of polycrystalline BeO and their pressure and temperature derivatives were determined by a pulse superposition method. The derivatives found from the measurements at pressures up to 2 kbars and near 25° are: (∂ul/∂P)T= 6.48×10−3 km/s kbars, ∂S/∂P)T= 0.33×10−3 km/s kbars, ∂L/∂T)P=−2.8×10−4 km/s deg, and ∂S/∂P)T=−2.0×10−4 km/s deg. The very low value of ∂S/∂P)T is anomalous for crystalline solids but may be expected from the crystal structure in view of similar anomalous behavior found in other solids with the wurtzite structure. The Gruneisen parameter calculated from the pressure derivatives of sound velocities was small compared with the Gruneisen parameter obtained from thermal properties. This result seems to indicate that the thermal expansivity of BeO does not change with temperature in proportion to the specific heat at low temperatures.
Genotoxic Potential of 1.6 GHz Wireless Communication Signal: In Vivo Two-Year Bioassay

Abstract Vijayalaxmi, Sasser, L. B., Morris, J. E., Wilson, B. W. and Anderson, L. E. Genotoxic Potential of 1.6 GHz Wireless Communication Signal: In Vivo Two-Year Bioassay. Radiat. Res. 159, 558–564 (2003). Timed-pregnant Fischer 344 rats (from nineteenth day of gestation) and their nursing offspring (until weaning) were exposed to a far-field 1.6 GHz Iridium wireless communication signal for 2 h/day, 7 days/week. Far-field whole-body exposures were conducted with a field intensity of 0.43 mW/cm2 and whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.036 to 0.077 W/kg (0.10 to 0.22 W/kg in the brain). This was followed by chronic, head-only exposures of male and female offspring to a near-field 1.6 GHz signal for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, over 2 years. Near-field exposures were conducted at an SAR of 0.16 or 1.6 W/kg in the brain. Concurrent sham-exposed and cage control rats were also included in the study. At the end of 2 years, all rats were necropsied. Bone marrow smears were examined for the extent...
Differences in Parenting Attributes, Experiences, and Behaviors of Delinquent Youth with and without a Parental History of Incarceration

This study examined attributes of parenting that are associated with juvenile delinquency and the related differential life experiences of youth with and without a parental incarceration history. Among 1,112 juveniles, 31% had a parental history of incarceration. Bivariate analysis indicated support for three hypotheses: (a) parents who have experienced incarceration will exhibit lower levels of effective parenting and greater association with factors that can impede their parenting abilities, namely substance abuse and mental illness; (b) youth who have parents with an incarceration history will be more likely to have experienced negative effects of ineffective parenting, namely abuse and out of home placement; and (c) youth with a parental incarceration history will have longer and more serious delinquent histories of their own. Through binary logistic regression analysis, support was not found for the fourth hypothesis that history of parental incarceration predicts delinquent behavior.
Thiol–norbornene materials: Approaches to develop high Tg thiol–ene polymers

The ability to prepare high Tg low shrinkage thiol–ene materials is attractive for applications such as coatings and dental restoratives. However, thiol and nonacrylated vinyl materials typically consist of a flexible backbone, limiting the utility of these polymers. Hence, it is of importance to synthesize and investigate thiol and vinyl materials of varying backbone chemistry and stiffness. Here, we investigate the effect of backbone chemistry and functionality of norbornene resins on polymerization kinetics and glass transition temperature (Tg) for several thiol–norbornene materials. Results indicate that Tgs as high as 94 °C are achievable in thiol–norbornene resins of appropriately controlled chemistry. Furthermore, both the backbone chemistry and the norbornene moiety are important factors in the development of high Tg materials. In particular, as much as a 70 °C increase in Tg was observed in a norbornene–thiol specimen when compared with a sample prepared using allyl ether monomer of analogous backbone chemistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5686–5696, 2007
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions of 3,3-Dialkylated 4,5-Diphenyl-3H-pyrazoles: A New Route to the Formation of the Solvent Adducts

3,3-Dialkyl-4,5-diphenyl-3H-pyrazoles undergo readily photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reaction with 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP + ) in acetonitrile to produce cyclopropenes and 2H-pyrroles. During prolonged irradiation, the new ring-closure products derived from 2H-pyrroles as the secondary photoproducts are also produced. However, the corresponding ester analog exhibits different behavior to obtain the cyclopropene as the primary photoproduct and a [2+2] dimer of the cyclopropene as the secondary photoproduct. A rationale for the different behavior is offered.
Effects of trapping and subsequent short-term confinement stress on plasma corticosterone in the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam.

The effects of capture in a live trap and subsequent handling stress on plasma concentrations of corticosterone and other sex steroids were examined in wild male and female brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis), an introduced species on Guam that has been implicated in the extirpation or decline of many of that island's vertebrate species. Males and females that spent 1 night in a trap had plasma levels of corticosterone about four and two times higher, respectively, than those of the respective free-ranging controls. Mean plasma levels of corticosterone of snakes that had spent 3 nights in a trap were intermediate between, but not significantly different from, those of snakes that had spent 1 night in a trap and free-ranging snakes, suggesting that some acclimation to capture occurred during this period. Snakes that were taken from traps and held in collecting bags for 10 min and 2 h prior to blood sampling had levels of corticosterone about two and three times higher, respectively, than those of control snakes that were taken from traps and bled immediately. Concentrations of plasma corticosterone in free-ranging females were about two times higher than those of males but were well within the range of basal levels observed in other reptiles. Few snakes of potential reproductive size were reproductive (males: 1 of 35; females: 2 of 33), and plasma concentrations of testosterone and progesterone in nonreproductive males and females, respectively, were accordingly low. The possible relationship between corticosterone and these sex steroids, therefore, could not be adequately assessed, although there was a positive relationship between plasma progesterone and corticosterone in the nonreproductive females. Nonetheless, as a prerequisite for studies on the seasonal hormonal cycles of this species on Guam, our observations raise the possibility that the stress caused by trapping could affect the levels of other sex steroids and that, therefore, such studies should use free-ranging individuals.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Southern California Precipitation over the Last 400 yr and Relationships to Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Abstract Tree-ring chronologies have been used to develop a 400-yr spatial reconstruction of precipitation in coastal and near-interior southern California. This was accomplished by reconstructing the first two precipitation principal components of a 29-station network, which together account for over 83% of the precipitation variance. The first precipitation principal component is representative of a regionwide pattern of above or below normal precipitation and is reconstructed well. Reconstruction of the second precipitation principal component, which represents a north–south contrast in precipitation, is less reliable but still provides useful information. Results show that mean regionwide precipitation during the last 100 yr has been unusually high and less variable compared to other periods in the past. The modern period of the record has also been characterized by a high degree of north–south contrast but not unusually high compared to the record as a whole. Strong contrast during the modern period ...
Comparison of short-term diet and exercise on insulin action in individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance.

The effects of a 10-day low-calorie diet (LCD; n = 8) or exercise training (ET; n = 8) on insulin secretion and action were compared in obese men (n = 9) and women (n = 7), aged 53 ± 1 yr, with abn...
An Evaluation of Apical Cracks in Teeth Undergoing Orthograde Root Canal Instrumentation.

Abstract Introduction Dentinal damage and cracks induced by orthograde preparation methods have been reported in studies using extracted teeth. The purpose of this in situ investigation was to evaluate dentinal cracks in nonextracted teeth after final instrumentation. The null hypothesis is that orthograde root canal instrumentation will have no effect on crack initiation in teeth retained in the natural periodontium. Methods Mandibular first and second premolars of pig jaws were selected. Forty single-rooted canals were divided into 5 groups ( n = 8): (1) WaveOne (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) 25/08; (2) ProTaper rotary S1, S2, F2 (25/08) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties); (3) crown-down GT hand files 20/12, 20/10, 20/08 (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties); (4) positive control (purposefully cracked); and (5) negative control (uninstrumented teeth). After instrumentation, superficial soft tissue was removed, and bone was carefully peeled away with surgical burs to the level of the root apices. Roots were resected 1 mm coronal to the working length, stained with caries indicator dye, and transilluminated; images were captured and viewed at 30× magnification to determine the presence or absence of dentinal cracks. Results WaveOne, ProTaper rotary, and GT hand files produced no cracks. All positive controls had cracks; all negative controls had no cracks. Conclusions Within the limits of this investigation, the presence of natural periodontal structures may prevent cracking or dentinal damage in teeth receiving orthograde root canal instrumentation.
Emerging differential roles of the pRb tumor suppressor in trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus pathogeneses

Abstract Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) are two proliferative cutaneous diseases caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) respectively. Recently, studies have elucidated a key role of the small tumor (sT) antigen in the proliferative pathogenic mechanisms of MCPyV and likely TSPyV. While both sT antigens have demonstrated a capacity in regulating cellular pathways, it remains unknown whether MCPyV and TSPyV sT antigens contribute similarly or differentially to cell proliferation. Objectives The present study aims to explore the proliferative potential of MCPyV and TSPyV sT antigens by investigating their regulatory effects on the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) tumor suppressor. Study design Inducible cell lines expressing MCPyV sT or TSPyV sT were created using a lentiviral packaging system. Cellular proteins were extracted and subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot detection and densitometric analysis. Results Expression of TSPyV sT markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of pRb in Western blot experiments. In contrast, expression of MCPyV sT did not alter pRb phosphorylation under the same experimental conditions. Densitometric analysis revealed that TSPyV sT antigen expression nearly doubled the ratio of phosphorylated to total pRb (P Conclusion Given that hyperphosphorylation of pRb is associated with dysregulation of the cell cycle, S-phase induction, and increased cell proliferation, our findings support an important role of TSPyV-mediated pRb deactivation in the development of TS. The observation that the pRb tumor suppressor is inactivated by TSPyV sT but not MCPyV sT provides further insights into the distinct pathobiological mechanisms of MCC and TS.
Cell Phone Ownership and Service Plans Among Low-Income Smokers: The Hidden Cost of Quitlines.

BACKGROUND Quitlines (QLs) are free, effective sources of treatment for tobacco dependence. Although the QL number is toll-free, the use of cell phones as the sole source of telephony may impose an unintended cost, in terms of cell minutes. OBJECTIVES To quantify the use of cell-only telephony among self-pay or Medicaid smokers, assess their calling plans, and estimate the impact of a typical course of QL counseling. METHODS A survey of smokers age at least 18 years visiting an American urban emergency department from April to July, 2013. RESULTS Seven-hundred seventy-three smokers were surveyed, of whom 563 (72.8%) were low-income, defined as having Medicaid or no insurance. All low-income smokers had at least one phone: 48 (8.5%) reported land-lines only, 159 (28.2%) land-lines and cells, and 356 (63.2%) cells only. Of the cell phone owners, monthly calling plans provided unlimited minutes for 339/515 (65.8%), at most 250 minutes for 124 (24.1%), and more than 250 minutes for 52 (10.0%). Another recent trial found that QL users make a median of 1 call lasting 28 minutes, with the 75th and 90th percentiles of calls and minutes at 3 and 4 calls, and 48 and 73.6 minutes, respectively. Thus, robust use of QL services could consume 11%-29% of a low-income smoker's typical 250 monthly cell minutes. CONCLUSION Among low-income smokers, cell phones are often the sole telephone. Robust use of the QL may impose a substantial burden on low-income smokers' calling plans, and therefore deter use of the QL. Exempting calls to QLs from counting against smokers' plans may help promote QL utilization. IMPLICATIONS Low-income individuals have high rates of smoking, and are more likely to own only cell phones, not landlines, for telephone access. Because cell phone calling plans often have limited numbers of monthly minutes, cell-only individuals may have to spend a substantial proportion of their monthly minutes on QL services. This may act as a deterrent to using an otherwise free, effective means of treatment for tobacco dependence. Exempting QLs from monthly calling plans may improve access for low-income smokers.
Laguna Prototypes of Manhood in Ceremony

Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Ceremony (1977) unfolds a half-breed's search for identity amidst fragmented shards of his own tribalism, a way of life torn asunder by centuries of oppression. His story is written by a Laguna woman of mixed ancestry who does not speak the old language. Neither does her hero whose name is Tayo.' Both however, make their homes at the Keres Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico, and both must forge bridges spanning their biogenetic footing in diverse cultural systems. Tayo is lost, and his quest is to find his place so that he may attain his identity as a mixed-breed person within the world fabricated by Thought Woman, the Spider. Paula Gunn Allen characterizes this source in The Sacred Hoop, stating, "In the beginning was thought, and her name was Woman" (11) or as Silko puts it in her article, "Language and Literature from a Pueblo Perspective," "In the beginning.. .Thought Woman thought of all these things, and all these things are held together as one holds many things together in a single thought" (56). Spider Woman's tightly woven universe is woman-centered, spun with the warp and weft of matrilineal structure. Edward Dozier isolates three salient criteria of Pueblo social order: first, descent is reckoned along the female line so children belong to the clan of their mother; second, men move to the home of their wife upon marriage so the couple continues to live with or near the bride's mother, forming a residential system congregating women related by blood; and third, women own most property (133). On the subject of gynecentric groups, Alien remarks that "male relationships are ordered in accordance with the maternal principle; a man's spiritual and economic placement and attendant responsibilities are determined by his membership in the community of the sisterhood" (251). At the heart of Silko's literary enterprise is the study of relationships: "the perspective I have involves very definitely Laguna and Laguna people and Laguna culture...what I write about and what I'm concerned about are relationships" (Silko in Fisher 20-21). Therefore, in the ensuing discussion, we shall consider various patterns for masculine relationships not only as they emerge from Silko's pen, but
The Notion of the Church in the Writings attributed to King James VI & I

I preface this essay by saying that it owes the form of its title to an article by Dr D. H. Willson, of Minnesota, entitled ‘James I’s Literary Assistants,’ published in The Huntington Library Quarterly, VIII (1944–5), 35-57. In this article Dr Willson argues interestingly, though not entirely conclusively, that all but some six of the writings commonly attributed to James I are in whole or in part the work of his literary assistants. Impressive as Dr Willson’s arguments frequently are, they do not demolish the existence of at least a ‘Jacobean school of theology’ within which such men as Montague, Casaubon, Andrewes, and even du Moulin (in favour of whose authorship of A Remonstrance for the Right of Kings Dr Willson’s argument has much to commend it) do, in fact, reflect the views of the King himself. Indeed, it is difficult to escape the conclusion that Dr Willson has over-stated his case, and that the divines he lists as part authors, at least, were really scholarly research workers: royal servants producing evidence to support their master’s theories. On such an assumption we can continue to refer to what ‘James’ says.
The B-cell tumor promoter Bcl-3 suppresses inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis in epithelial cells

Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (IκB) family. It associates with p50/nuclear factor-κB1 (NF-κB1) and p52/NF-κB2 homodimers in nuclei where it modulates transcription in a context-dependent manner. A subset of B-cell tumors exhibits recurrent translocations of Bcl-3, resulting in overexpression. Elevated expression without translocations is also observed in various B-cell lymphomas and even some solid tumors. Here we investigated the role of Bcl-3 in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon tumors, a mouse model for colitis-associated colorectal cancers in humans. Contrary to expectations, Bcl-3 suppressed colorectal tumor formation: Bcl-3-deficient mice were relatively protected from DSS-induced epithelial damage and developed more polyps after AOM/DSS treatment, although polyp size was unaffected. DSS-challenged mutant mice exhibited increased recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, consistent with protection of the epithelium. Loss of Bcl-3 in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to increase tumorigenesis. The added tumor burden in mutant mice was dependent on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a tumorigenic, NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway that was dampened by Bcl-3. These findings reveal a tumor-suppressive role for Bcl-3 in this inflammation-associated cancer model. Bcl-3 thus functions as a tumor promoter or suppressor, depending on the cellular and environmental context.
The Design of the Decouple Controller of the Static Synchroballistic Series Compensator

According to viewing SSSC as a variable series impedance,the paper established three orders nonlinear model which is two input two output system,including the single machine infinite bus system and stream valve control. Based on the model the dynamic invert system theory was used to cope with the coupling and linearization,then variable structure control iwas employed for the two SISO pseudo linear systems. Finally,The results of MATLAB proved the viability and effectiveness of the control strategy which aim at the stability of power-angle and transmission power.
A New Region Segmentation Based Motion Detection Algorithm for Video Surveillance And Its Hardware Implementation

Based on the method of frame difference,a simple and reliable algorithm based on region segmentation is proposed. Through image segmentation,unuseful regions will not be involved in the detection.It has the applicability for the size of moving objects and disturbance of light and noise.Optimized hardware implementation makes it a good future in cost sensitive video surveillance system.
228 NICOTINE PROMOTES MATRIX EXPRESSION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THROUGH a7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED SIGNALS.

Pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) is a frequent complication in the natural history of tobacco-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the pathogenesis of PHTN in the setting of tobacco exposure is not well understood. The traditional view is that PHTN occurs secondary to a loss of the pulmonary vascular bed through destruction of alveolar septae in emphysema; however, other mechanisms are likely to contribute. We hypothesize that nicotine (one component of tobacco smoke) directly promotes vascular remodeling by stimulating pulmonary endothelial cells to express matrix genes through effects on a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrated the expression of a7 nAChRs in human lung endothelial cells. Upon exposure to nicotine, the endothelial cells showed accumulation of mRNA encoding for fibronectin, a matrix glycoprotein highly expressed in chronic lung disease that has been implicated in tissue injury and repair. This effect was followed by fibronectin protein production and was blocked by pretreatment with a-bungarotoxin, a specific inhibitor of a7 nAChR function. To evaluate the relevance of our findings to the lung vasculature, we examined the lungs of animals provided nicotine in their drinking water (100 μg/mL, 90 days) using immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the lung histology revealed increased fibronectin deposition within pulmonary vascular walls. Altogether, these data suggest that tobacco components (ie, nicotine) promote lung endothelial cell expression of matrix glycoproteins like fibronectin, thereby promoting vascular remodeling.
Analysis of factors that influence energy expenditure in honeyeaters (Meliphagidae)

ABSTRACTThe energy expenditure of the tūī (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), a meliphagid endemic to New Zealand, was measured and compared with 20 species of honeyeaters (family Meliphagidae) to determine whether its expenditure is influenced either by life in a moist, temperate climate or an island residence. Body mass in the honeyeaters accounted for 91.5% of the variation in basal rate. The combination of body mass, climate and the maximal limit to an altitudinal distribution explained 98.6% of the variation in basal rate with tropical, low-altitude species having the highest mass-independent rate. The basal rates of meliphagids in tropical highlands are similar to those in temperate lowlands, which may reflect similar food supplies. The tūī mass-independent expenditure appears to reflect an active lifestyle in a temperate climate with no evidence that an island residence influenced its rate, whereas sedentary birds on New Zealand have responded to island life with a depressed basal rate. An effective a...
Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase

Three distinct types of superoxide dismutase are known, each differing with respect to the metal at the active site (1). SOD (superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) is believed to be present in all oxygen metabolizing cells. Each type is distinguished by its amino acid sequence and each contains different prosthetic metals, Cu, Zn-, Fe-, and Mn-enzyme (2-5). This enzyme catalyzes the reaction $${O_{\tilde \dot 2}} + {O_{\tilde \dot 2}} + 2{H^ + } \to {H_2}{O_2} + {O_2}$$ ([1]) (6). There is considerable evidence that this enzyme is absolutely necessary for the survival of all oxygen-metabolizing cells (1).
Models are common; good theories are scarce

I like to draw a distinction between models and theories, and, although the dividing line can be fuzzy, I still think the difference is a real one. Models describe a particular phenomenon or process, and theories deal with a larger range of issues and identify general organizing principles. For example, one might make a model of some aspect of synaptic transmission and use this model to connect observations (fluorescence intensity as a function of time in an imaging experiment, for example) to some mechanistic aspect of synaptic function (such as vesicle recycling). A theory of synaptic transmission, by contrast, would have to account for many properties of synapse function, and relate these properties to principles of information processing. Such a theory might unify models of various forms of short-term plasticity (facilitation, depletion, augmentation and so on) and describe how dynamic filtering characteristics resulting from this plasticity optimize some aspect of information transfer. Models have a long history in neurobiology, from cable theory through the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, and at least some models are recognized as having been essential for the development of our subject. Theories, on the other hand, are scarce, and I cannot think of one that has made a really significant contribution to neurobiology.
Cognitive Training among Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: A Feasibility Study Assessing the Potential Improvement in Balance

Background: Emerging literature suggests that mobility and cognition are linked. Epidemiological data support a negative association between cognition and falls among cognitively intact older adults. A small number of intervention studies found that regimented cognitive training (CT) improves mobility among this population, suggesting that CT may be an under-explored approach toward reducing falls. To date, no studies have examined the impact of CT on balance among those who are cognitively impaired. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a CT program among cognitively impaired older adults and examine whether there are potential improvements in balance following CT. Method: A single group repeated measures design was used to identify change in balance, depressive symptoms, and global cognition. A mixed method approach was employed to evaluate the feasibility of a CT intervention among a cohort of cognitively impaired older adults. CT was delivered in a group 2 days/week over 10 weeks using an online brain exercise program, Posit Science Brain HQ (20 hours). All participants completed a one-on-one data collection interview at baseline and post-program. Results: Participants (N=20) were on average 80.5 years old and had mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Following the 10-week cognitive training intervention, mean scores on 4 of the 5 balance measures improved among CT participants. Although none of the balance improvements reached significance, these findings are promising given the small sample size. Depressive symptoms significantly improved between baseline and 10 weeks (p=0.021). Mean global cognition also improved across the study period, but neither of these improvements were statistically significant. Based on participant responses, the CT program was feasible for this population. Conclusion: This study provides support for the feasibility of implementing a CT program among cognitively-impaired older adults in an adult day setting. Our findings also add to emerging literature that CT may be a novel and innovative approach to fall prevention among older adults.
Post 9/11 Veterans With Service-Connected Disabilities and their Transition to the Civilian Workforce: A Review of the Literature

The problemMore than five million U.S. veterans are expected to return to our communities and the civilian workforce by the year 2020. The vast majority of Americans have little understanding of mi...
Late Paleozoic subsidence and burial history of the Fort Worth basin

ABSTRACT The Fort Worth basin in northcentral Texas is a major shale-gas producer, yet its subsidence history and relationship to the Ouachita fold-thrust belt have not been well understood. We studied the depositional patterns of the basin during the late Paleozoic by correlating well logs and constructing structure and isopach maps. We then modeled the one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional subsidence history of the basin and constrained its relationship to the Ouachita orogen. Because the super-Middle Pennsylvanian strata were largely eroded in the region, adding uncertainty to the subsidence reconstruction, we used PetroMod 1-D to conduct thermal-maturation modeling to constrain the post-Middle Pennsylvanian burial and exhumation history by matching the modeled vitrinite reflectance with measured vitrinite reflectance along five depth profiles. Our results of depositional patterns show that the tectonic uplift of the Muenster uplift to the northeast of the basin influenced subsidence as early as the Middle Mississippian, and the Ouachita orogen became the primary tectonic load by the late Middle Pennsylvanian when the depocenter shifted to the east. Our results show that the basin experienced 3.7–5.2 km (12,100–17,100 ft) of burial during the Pennsylvanian, and the burial depth deepens toward the east. We attributed the causes of deep Pennsylvanian burial and its spatial variation to flexural subsidence that continued into the Late Pennsylvanian in response to the growth of the Ouachita orogen and southeastward suturing of Laurentia and Gondwana. The modeling results also suggest that the Mississippian Barnett Shale reached the gas maturation window during the Middle–Late Pennsylvanian.
Slavery and the Democratic Conscience: Political Life in Jeffersonian America

Padraig Riley's Slavery and the Democratic Conscience is a thoughtful and engaging political history of northern Jeffersonians' tortured relationship with slavery. Whereas there has been considerab...
Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D

We derived and tested a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for reliability and validity among a sample of well older adults in a large Health Maintenance Organization. The 10-item screening questionnaire, the CESD-10, showed good predictive accuracy when compared to the full-length 20-item version of the CES-D (kappa = .97, P or = 16 for the full-length questionnaire and > or = 10 for the 10-item version. We discuss other potential cutoff values. The CESD-10 showed an expected positive correlation with poorer health status scores (r = .37) and a strong negative correlation with positive affect (r = -.63). Retest correlations for the CESD-10 were comparable to those in other studies (r = .71). We administered the CESD-10 again after 12 months, and scores were stable with strong correlation of r = .59.
Good Visual Outcome Following Vitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane With Foveal Tissue Herniation

Epiretinal membrane with foveal herniation is a rare presentation of a common disease. Only 1 case without follow-up has been reported in the literature so far, and there are no reports on visual o...
Synoptic Conditions, Clouds, and Sea Ice Melt Onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seasonal Ice Zone

AbstractCloud response to synoptic conditions over the Beaufort and Chukchi seasonal ice zone is examined. Four synoptic states with distinct thermodynamic and dynamic signatures are identified using ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 2000 to 2014. CloudSat and CALIPSO observations suggest control of clouds by synoptic states. Warm continental air advection is associated with the fewest low-level clouds, while cold air advection generates the most low-level clouds. Low-level clouds are related to lower-tropospheric stability and both are regulated by synoptic conditions. High-level clouds are associated with humidity and vertical motions in the upper atmosphere. Observed cloud vertical and spatial variability is reproduced well in ERA-Interim, but winter low-level cloud fraction is overestimated. This suggests that synoptic conditions constrain the spatial extent of clouds through the atmospheric structure, while the parameterizations for cloud microphysics and boundary layer physics are critical for the li...
Adjusting patients streaming initiated by a wait time threshold in emergency department for minimizing opportunity cost.

Purpose Two different systems for streaming patients were considered to improve efficiency measures such as waiting times (WTs) and length of stay (LOS) for a current emergency department (ED). A typical fast track area (FTA) and a fast track with a wait time threshold (FTW) were designed and compared effectiveness measures from the perspective of total opportunity cost of all patients’ WTs in the ED. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This retrospective case study used computerized ED patient arrival to discharge time logs (between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010) to build computer simulation models for the FTA and fast track with wait time threshold systems. Various wait time thresholds were applied to stream different acuity-level patients. National average wait time for each acuity level was considered as a threshold to stream patients. Findings The fast track with a wait time threshold (FTW) showed a statistically significant shorter total wait time than the current system or a typical FTA system. The patient streaming management would improve the service quality of the ED as well as patients’ opportunity costs by reducing the total LOS in the ED. Research limitations/implications The results of this study were based on computer simulation models with some assumptions such as no transfer times between processes, an arrival distribution of patients, and no deviation of flow pattern. Practical implications When the streaming of patient flow can be managed based on the wait time before being seen by a physician, it is possible for patients to see a physician within a tolerable wait time, which would result in less crowded in the ED. Originality/value A new streaming scheme of patients’ flow may improve the performance of fast track system.
Humanitarian Needs in Government Controlled Areas of Syria.

Background Five years of conflict in Syria have led to 13.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance and 6.6 million internally displaced people. Humanitarian needs are ever-increasing as an inability to maintain humanitarian corridors and ceasefires continue. In light of the protracted nature of the conflict, immense needs, and dearth of large-scale data, we undertook this assessment to inform humanitarian response. Methods A survey of accessible areas, which were largely urban and government controlled, was undertaken from April - June 2016 to identify unmet needs and assistance priorities. A cluster design with probability sampling was used to attain a final sample of 2,405 households from ten of fourteen governorates; 31 of 65 (47.7%) districts were included that are home to 38.1% of people in need (PiN). Results Overall 45% of households received assistance in the preceding month; receipt of aid was lowest in al-Hasakeh (17%). Shelter was a concern, with 48% of households having shelter need(s); the unmet shelter needs were highest in the West Coast, Rif Damascus and al-Hasakeh. Food security was a major concern where 64% had unmet food needs and 65% at least one indicator of concern; food insecurity was most severe in Rif Damascus and the West Coast. Water was also a concern with 36% of households reporting inconsistent access and 48% no access to water for several day periods; water needs were highest in Aleppo. Discussion This assessment included accessible populations in predominantly urban and government controlled areas, which are likely to have better access to services and fewer needs than populations in rural locations or areas not controlled by the government. The humanitarian situation in inaccessible and non-government controlled areas is likely to be considerably worse, thus findings should not be generalized. An expanded humanitarian response is desperately needed for Syrians to better endure the conflict.
Supraglottic Goiter Video

Abstract Goiter when significant can affect the airway. Most commonly this results in tracheal deviation and may not be associated with any significant tracheal compression, compromise, or airway s...
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia: The Stanford experience (P2.135)

Objective: To better characterize the profiles of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS) seen in the Stanford Autonomic Disorders Program. Background: POTS represents an orthostatic increase in heart rate (HR) > 30 bpm in adults, or HR > 40 bpm in children in the first 10 minutes, without sustained orthostatic hypotension (OH). The standing heart rate for all subjects is often > 120 bpm. We embarked on this project to understand various POTS phenotypes. Design/Methods: We reviewed HR and BP waveforms for 850 head-up tilt tests conducted in the past 2 years in our Lab. We reviewed the tests for 2 criteria: (1) HR increase ≥ 30 bpm above baseline for at least 3 consecutive minutes during the first 10 minutes of tilt for patients ≥ 20, and 40 bpm increase for patients Results: We eliminated 16 HR waveforms because of artifacts, and found 169 with sustained HR increase; 46 were young and 25 of these had HR increase 30 to 40 bpm. We examined the 144 remaining records for OH. We excluded one (artifact), and 9 with SBP drop exceeding 20 mmHg in the first 3 minutes of tilt. This left 134 tilt records that satisfied both criteria. These were 75% female, age 12 years to 74 years. In 60%, the HR increase started in the first 3 minutes of tilt. In 90%, the HR increase extended to 10 minutes. In 37%, the increase led to a HR ≥ 120 bpm. Conclusions: We identified 134 patients that met HR and BP criteria for exaggerated postural tachycardia. We will analyze this group to identify subtypes of POTS, and classify their HR and PB profiles. Disclosure: Dr. Jaradeh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Muppidi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Alexion, Lundbeck. Dr. Miglis has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Lundbeck, Schlesinger Associates, Defined Health, Elsevier. Dr. Sinn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krugomova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prieto has nothing to disclose.
Wage and Nonwage Income-Based Measures of the Cost of Living in the Absence of an Income Tax

In this section we examine income-based measures of the cost of living in the absence of an income tax. Recall that, from the budget constraint in the absence of an income tax, \({\text{y + P}}_{\text{0}} \delta = P \cdot X\), so that \({\text{y}} = {\text{P}} \bullet {\text{X}} - {{\text{P}}_0}\delta\).
A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Answer Selection

Given a question and a set of candidate answers, answer selection is the task of identifying which of the candidates answers the question correctly. It is an important problem in natural language processing, with applications in many areas. Recently, many deep learning based methods have been proposed for the task. They produce impressive performance without relying on any feature engineering or expensive external resources. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review on deep learning methods applied to answer selection.
The pyrogenic action of cytokines

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the pyrogenic action of cytokines. It describes the entrance of pathogenic microorganisms into the body and, in particular, their spread throughout the tissues that normally evokes an array of systemic reactions to their presence and to the toxins that they generate. These reactions are highly coherent, reflecting an organized concatenation of regulated events designed to defend the invaded host against the potentially deleterious effects of these organisms. These responses develop relatively promptly after invasion and, at their onset, are nonspecific. They are activated by common signals and synergize each other's functions. Thus, they constitute the primary host defense response serving to resist the effects of the infectious stimulus, to optimize continued function, and, ultimately, to promote survival. These responses are largely integrated in the central nervous system. Collectively, they are termed as the acute-phase reaction (APR). The best known sign of the APR is fever. The term fever specifically denotes the elevation in core temperature (Tco) that occurs in animals as a reaction to infectious substances. Although it is well established that fever is a centrally regulated function, there is no incontrovertible evidence that any cytokine crosses the blood-brain barrier and localizes within the brain.
Analyzing Mutual Influences of Conventional and Distributed FACTS via Stochastic Co-optimization

Distributed flexible AC transmission systems (D-FACTS) is an attractive power flow control technology, featuring low cost and flexibility for re-deployment. Optimal allocation of D-FACTS and the mutual influence between existing FACTS and newly planned D-FACTS are challenging but important issues that need to be addressed. This paper proposes a co-optimization model of FACTS and D-FACTS based on stochastic optimization, considering the uncertainties caused by fluctuating load and renewable energy generation. Using this model, the location and set points of FACTS and D-FACTS can be co-optimized; in a system with existing FACTS, the locations of FACTS can be predetermined and the locations of D-FACTS can be optimized. The study shows that existing FACTS affects the optimal locations of D-FACTS and adding D-FACTS into the system affects the optimal set points of existing FACTS. Thus, it is essential to co-optimize the two technologies to maximize their economic benefits.
Database Management Models for Reusability in Integrated Software Engineering Environments

One of the central problems in the area of reusability concerns the classification, evaluation, and retrieval of software components. This problem has grown in magnitude because of the growing interest in life cycle reuse. Previously, much of the interest in reuse had been confined primarily to the reuse of code. Currently, however, there is a great deal of interest in reuse of software at any point in the life cycle. This includes the requirements and design phases as well as having the capability of tracing the origin and revision histories of software components. In order to effectively manage such a large amount of information on reusable components, efficient database management systems must be employed.
Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: Return to Hospital System in the First Year Post Injury.

BACKGROUND Abusive head trauma (AHT) may result in costly, long-term sequelae. OBJECTIVE To describe the burden of AHT on the hospital system within the first year of injury. METHODS Single institution retrospective evaluation of AHT cases from January 2009 to August 2016. Demographic, clinical (including injury severity graded I-III), and charge data associated with both initial and return hospital visits within 1 yr of injury were extracted. RESULTS A total of 278 cases of AHT were identified: 60% male, 76% infant, and 54% African-American. Of these 278 cases, 162 (60%) returned to the hospital within the first year, resulting in 676 total visits (an average of 4.2 returns/patient). Grade I injuries were less likely to return than more serious injuries (II and III). The majority were outpatient services (n = 430, 64%); of the inpatient readmissions, neurosurgery was the most likely service to be involved (44%). Neurosurgical procedures accounted for the majority of surgeries performed during both initial admission and readmission (85% and 68%, respectively). Increasing injury severity positively correlated with charges for both the initial admission and returns (P < .001 for both). Total calculated charges, including initial admission and returns, were over $25 million USD. CONCLUSION AHT has a high potential for return to the hospital system within the first year. Inpatient charges dominate and account for the vast majority of hospital returns and overall charges. A more severe initial injury correlates with increased charges on initial admission and on subsequent hospital return.
Re-Thinking CNN Frameworks for Time-Sensitive Autonomous-Driving Applications: Addressing an Industrial Challenge

Vision-based perception systems are crucial for profitable autonomous-driving vehicle products. High accuracy in such perception systems is being enabled by rapidly evolving convolution neural networks (CNNs). To achieve a better understanding of its surrounding environment, a vehicle must be provided with full coverage via multiple cameras. However, when processing multiple video streams, existing CNN frameworks often fail to provide enough inference performance, particularly on embedded hardware constrained by size, weight, and power limits. This paper presents the results of an industrial case study that was conducted to re-think the design of CNN software to better utilize available hardware resources. In this study, techniques such as parallelism, pipelining, and the merging of per-camera images into a single composite image were considered in the context of a Drive PX2 embedded hardware platform. The study identifies a combination of techniques that can be applied to increase throughput (number of simultaneous camera streams) without significantly increasing per-frame latency (camera to CNN output) or reducing per-stream accuracy.
Ferromagnetic Phenomena at Microwave Frequencies

The Gaussian system of units is used in this article. Each symbol denotes the same quantity throughout the text (e.g., c is used exclusively for the velocity of light in free space), but the letter μ as specified in Section III, denotes a permeability whose significance is generalized whenver necessary. All vector quantities are printed in bold face type. The term “microwave frequencies,” as used in the present article, is regarded as characterizing a particular frequency range of the radio frequency (“RF”) spectrum; this range is taken to include frequencies from 10 2 to 10 5 megacucles per second (“Mc”), corresponding to wavelengths between 3 meteres and 3 millimeteres. Papers published since October 1948 are briefly mentioned in the “Addendum” at the end of this article.
Student Teacher Knowledge Development of Environmental Context

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is comprised of knowledge of pedagogy, students, content, and environmental context. Physical education preservice teachers (PTs) initially develop knowledge of ...