cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Materials Science in Space

The preparation of solid materials involves the control and manipulation of fluids in ways that are sensitive to gravitational influences. Although these effects are pervasive, surprisingly little is understood about phenomena such as natural convection and containerless processes under boundary conditions of interest to materials processing. Recent emphasis has focused on process fundamentals involving areas such as fluid dynamics, heat flow, and thermophysical property measurement as can be seen in this Symposium. Such a knowledge base is essential to any sensible evolution of the space environment as a capability for studying materials processing and preparing limited quantities of materials under quiescent or containerless conditions for subsequent assessment on earth. A brief overview of current work will be presented, together with possible future directions.
Comparison of Resuscitative Protocols for Bupropion Overdose Using Lipid Emulsion in a Swine Model

ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment combinations on bupropion recovery as well as time to return of spontaneous circulation. Methods: We conducted an eight group, randomized, experiment to evaluate combinations of epinephrine, vasopressin, and lipids on the restoration of cardiac function in Yorkshire pigs. After tracking the animals' baseline vitals for 10 minutes, we injected the animals with bupropion (35 mg/kg) and initiated a randomized protocol 2 minutes after cardiac arrest. Results: Results demonstrated that animal survival given treatment combinations including epinephrine were statistically superior to any other group (p < 0.001, Fishers' exact test). The odds of survival with use of epinephrine vs. other options were 22:1 (5.47, 88.43). Further, all animals receiving only lipids died. Cox survival analysis with bootstrapped parameter estimates provided evidence that the rapidity of cardiac recovery was maximized with a combination of epinep...
PHOTOCATALYSIS OXIDATION PROCESS OF ACID FUCHSINE DYESTUFF WASTEWATER BY TITANIA COATED PALYGORSKITE

Photocatalysis of fuchsine dyestuff wastewater has been carried out by using TiO2-coated palygorskite powder.The effects of some factors,such as dosage of catalyst,illumination time and initial concentration of the dyestuff wastewater on the photodegradation are discussed.The experimental results show that TiO2-coated palygorskite powder has more efficient catalytic activity compared with pure TiO2 powder.The maximum removal rate was achieved when the amount of TiO2-coated palygorskite catalyst was 0.25 g/L.Under these condition,the photocatalytic reaction had a higher decoloring rate in a shorter time,the average decoloring rate can reach 95% after 3 h of reaction.
Comparing Teacher-Provided and Computer-Assisted Simultaneous Prompting for Vocabulary Development With Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing:

In this study, the effects of teacher-provided simultaneous prompting and computer-assisted simultaneous prompting for teaching content-area vocabulary words to students who are deaf or hard of hea...
Intestinal lipid inhibits gastric emptying via CCK and a vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferent pathway in rats

The mechanism by which lipid in the duodenum inhibits gastric emptying was investigated in awake rats fitted with chronic gastric and duodenal cannulas. Perfusion of the duodenum with lipid (Intralipid, 5 and 10%; total amount 50 and 100 mg) caused a significant inhibition (26 and 78%, respectively) of gastric emptying of a nonnutrient liquid (0.9% saline). Functional ablation of the capsaicin-sensitive vagal, but not the spinal, sensory innervation to the upper gastrointestinal tract significantly attenuated by 57% lipid-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. In intact rats, administration of a specific cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor antagonist, devazepide, significantly attenuated by 66% the response to lipid. Administration of devazepide in perivagal capsaicin-treated rats did not further reduce the response to lipid. These results suggest that lipid in the duodenum inhibits gastric emptying via a mechanism involving an action of CCK at type A receptors and capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents.
The Early Life of Richard Musgrave

Richard Abel Musgrave had a name that, unlike most Great Minds in this volume, had not resided long in this nation. In fact, the name was even relatively new for him. His ideas were also refreshingly new.
The Use of One or Three Semantic Associative Primes in Treating Anomia in Aphasia.

Purpose The aims of the study were to investigate the use of semantic associative relationships as primes in treating naming deficits, or anomia, in aphasia and to determine if differential treatme...
A case of allergic fungal otomastoiditis with aural polyps

Abstract While common in the paranasal sinuses, the presence of allergic mucin within the middle ear is rare. Here we describe a case of what has been termed allergic fungal otomastoiditis (AFOM), an unusual immunologic response to the presence of fungal hyphae within the middle ear, with a unique presentation of aural polyps. A 25-year-old woman presented with recurrent right-sided aural polyps and chronic otorrhea, despite two previous tympanomastoidectomy surgeries performed in India. CT scan of the temporal bones demonstrated complete opacification of the tympanic cavity and mastoid. Canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy was performed, revealing thick otorrhea and polyps filling the external auditory canal and middle ear, eroding the entire tympanic membrane and obstructing the antrum. Pathology revealed glandular and squamous metaplasia, marked inflammation with eosinophils, as well as allergic-type mucin with non-invasive fungal hyphae highlighted by GMS stain. The histopathologic findings of AFOM are reminiscent of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and suggest a similar pathophysiology. Optimal treatment in these cases may require a combination of surgical debridement and medical management. AFOM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic otitis media, particularly in the presence of aural polyps and thick otorrhea.
Cosmetologia della dermatite atopica

La dermatite atopica (DA), o eczema atopico, e una malattia infiammatoria della pelle molto comune, la cui prevalenza e raddoppiata o, addirittura, triplicata in 30 anni. Colpirebbe il 15-30% dei bambini e il 2-10% degli adulti. La DA e caratterizzata dall’alternanza di attacchi, o crisi atopiche, e da periodi di remissione. Le attuali conoscenze sulla DA coinvolgono anomalie della barriera cutanea (fisiche e chimiche), della barriera immunitaria e, piu recentemente, della barriera microbica o microbiota, essendo le tre collegate. La strategia clinica utilizzata nel trattamento della DA per un buon controllo della malattia e la prescrizione concomitante di farmaci e di dermocosmetici. Il ruolo del dermatologo e, quindi, di prescrivere e, anche, di insegnare le misure igieniche che permettono di ripristinare queste tre barriere o di evitare che la loro alterazione si aggravi.
Towards automated composition of heterogeneous tests for cyber-physical systems

A key trait of modern cyber-physical systems (CPS) is complexity due to the number of components and layers in these systems. Unlike in traditional software development, where the device layer is essentially completely abstracted away by an operating system, CPS components include low-power edge nodes, gateways, and servers that together provide sensing, actuation, communication, model and state inference, and autonomous or user-driven control. Moreover, the CPS design process involves implementation of these functions at different levels of abstraction, from high-level computational models to bare-mental implementations. Unfortunately, even when advanced testing or verification methods are applied only to low level system aspects, those efforts are separated from high-level tests of a CPS, which are often produced by a different team, and do not stress the low-level system. Effective automated test composition would make it possible to automatically produce integration/system tests for CPS, even with extremely heterogeneous aspects, where individual elements have effective tests but the interactions between the sub-systems are untested. Because of the size of the search space involved and the complexity of modeling and designing CPS, we also propose in the long term a move towards system architectures to support testing across both system layers and levels of abstraction.
Technology in the Household: Looking Back, Looking Forward

The opening vignette describes a dilemma faced increasingly by many members of the baby boom generation as they face the next stage of their lives. The home, its appliances, and furnishings represent the most significant proportion of a family’s wealth as well as the social status of the occupants. It is very likely that the baby boomer generation started their home ownership experience by moving into a new, suburban home that had to be furnished with every appliance. Now that a previously owned home has to be sold, as in the case of Sheri and John, potential buyers are likely to expect a fully applianced kitchen; other major durables such as a TV, however, usually moved with the owners. The issue facing the sellers was whether attention should be paid on remodeling the kitchen or some other part of the house in order to increase its appeal to potential buyers.
Cross-Bedding and Ripple Marks (1963–1976)

The study of cross-bedding and ripple mark in ancient sediments and of bedforms and sand-wave systems in flumes and modern environments is now commonplace; only the study of turbidite structures and processes is comparable. Certainly cross-bedding continues to be the most useful and widely studied of all the paleocurrent structures so that, for example, for each study of ripple mark, there are probably thirty or more of cross-bedding. Moreover, field studies now suggest that a cross-bedding map pattern has some environmental significance, an idea that in 1963 was not fully established. Several techniques have contributed significantly — the sonic depth finder primarily for rivers, photography from space for deserts (Wobber, 1967), and side scan sonar for mapping sand-wave systems on continental shelves (Belderson et al., 1972). In 1963 we were also just on the threshold of the flume studies of sand waves and their paleohydraulic significance. Although many have contributed to our better understanding of sand waves, the name of J. R. L. Allen easily stands foremost among sedimentologists.
Real-Time Control Of Spindle Runout

An example of a physical system whose mechanical accuracy can be improved by feedback control is a simple motor-driven spindle. This system is being used as a test bed to study measurement and actuation systems as well as control algorithms. The specific apparatus reported utilizes an eddy-current probe for runout error measurement, a piezoelectric crystal to move the spindle to reduce the error, and a mini computer using a FORTRAN program for the feedback controller. The spindle runout before correction is in the 150 microinch range; the main contributors are master-ball centering error and bearing runout. With the error correction system in place, this error is reduced to less than 10 microinches--an order of magnitude improvement. While the final runout figures for the corrected spindle are still above that of a precision air spindle, the technique presents new possibilities for precision spindle performance including correction for wear, thermal deformations and unbalanced loads.
The Enhanced Care Program: Impact of a Care Transition Program on 30-Day Hospital Readmissions for Patients Discharged From an Acute Care Facility to Skilled Nursing Facilities.

BACKGROUND Increased acuity of skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients challenges the current system of care for these patients. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact on 30-day readmissions of a program designed to enhance the care of patients discharged from an acute care facility to SNFs. DESIGN An observational, retrospective cohort analysis of 30-day hospital readmissions for patients discharged to 8 SNFs between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. SETTING A collaboration between a large, acute care hospital in an urban setting, an interdisciplinary clinical team, 124 community physicians, and 8 SNFs. PATIENTS All patients discharged from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to 8 partner SNFs were eligible for participation. INTERVENTION The Enhanced Care Program (ECP) involved the following 3 interventions in addition to standard care: (1) a team of nurse practitioners participating in the care of SNF patients; (2) a pharmacist-driven medication reconciliation at the time of transfer; and (3) educational in-services for SNF nursing staff. MEASUREMENT Thirty-day readmission rate for ECP patients compared to patients not enrolled in ECP. RESULTS The average unadjusted, 30-day readmission rate for ECP patients over the 18-month study period was 17.2% compared to 23.0% among patients not enrolled in ECP (P < 0.001). After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, ECP patients had 29% lower odds of being readmitted within 30 days (P < 0.001). These effects were robust to stratified analyses, analyses adjusted for clustering, and balancing of covariates using propensity weighting. CONCLUSIONS A coordinated, interdisciplinary team caring for SNF patients can reduce 30-day hospital readmissions.
William James and the ‘willfulness’ of belief

This paper explicates and defends some of William James' more controversial claims in ‘The Will to Believe’. After showing some of the weaknesses in standard interpretations of James' position, I turn to James' Principles of Psychology and The Varieties of Religious Experience to spell out in more detail James' account of the nature of the attitudes of belief, doubt, and disbelief and link them to an account of the subject. In so doing, the moral force of the argument comes to the fore by casting the question ‘Can we believe at will?’ in a new light. Through a discussion of the conversion experiences of The Varieties of Religious Experience and the kinds of self-transformations in which beliefs that once appeared dead become live (or vice versa) that appear throughout James' psychology, the moral urgency of James' position in ‘The Will to Believe’ is clarified.
Initial Assessment, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Minor Pediatric Burn Wounds in Four Patients Remotely: A Preliminary Communication.

Abstract Background: Close, multidisciplinary collaboration with burn experts is the essential strategy to achieve the best functional and esthetic outcomes in burn wound treatment. Management of m...
Process evaluation of a farm-to-preschool program in New York City

The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene piloted a farm-to-preschool program for low-income Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-eligible children and their families at...
Antrozous pallidus (Pallid bat)

The female specimen was collected by Mr. J. L. Patton from Ranch Rd. 2424, 18 mi. N.W. of Kent, Culberson County, Texas, USA, and the male, by Dr. Murray L. Johnson from Fresno, California, USA. Lung cultures were initiated for cytological studies.
Influence of glycan modification on IgG1 biochemical and biophysical properties

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals. The specific therapeutic tasks vary among different mAbs, which may include neutralization of soluble targets, activation of cytotoxic pathways, targeted drug delivery, and diagnostic imaging. The specific therapeutic goal defines which interactions of the antibody with its multiple physiological partners are most critical for function, and which ones are irrelevant or indeed detrimental. In this work, we explored the ability of the glycan chains to affect IgG1 interaction with two key receptor families, FcRn and γ-type Fc receptors, as well as the influence of glycan composition on the conformation and stability of the antibody molecule. Three different glycan-modified forms of IgG1 (fully deglycosylated, hypergalactosylated and hypersialylated) were produced and characterized alongside the unmodified mAb molecule. Biophysical measurements did not reveal any changes that would be indicative of alterations in the higher order structure or increased aggregation propensity for any of the three glycoforms compared to the unmodified mAb, although the CH2 domain was shown to have reduced thermal stability in the fully deglycosylated form. No significant changes were observed for the hypergalactosylated and hypersialylated forms of IgG1 with regards to binding to FcRn, FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIA, suggesting that neither half-life in circulation nor their ability to induce an immune response are likely to be affected by these modifications of the glycan chains. In contrast, no measurable binding was observed for the deglycosylated form of IgG1 with either FcγRIIA or FcγRIIIA, although this form of the antibody retained the ability to associate with FcRn. These highly specific patterns of attenuation of Fc receptor recognition can be exploited in the future for therapeutic purposes.
Oh The Places You'll Share: An Affordances-Based Model of Social Media Posting Behaviors

With rising use of multiple social network sites (SNSs), people now have an increasing number of options for audience, media, and other SNS features at their disposal. In this paper, our goal is to build machine learning models that can predict people»s multi-SNS posting decisions, thus enabling technology that can personalize and augment current SNS use. We explore affordances--the perceived utilities of a SNS»s features-for creating these models. We build an affordance-based model using data collected from a survey about people»s multi-SNS posting behavior (n=674). Our model predicts posting decisions that are ~35% more accurate compared to a random baseline, and ~10% more accurate than predictions based on SNS popularity.
Restoring binaural and spatial hearing in cochlear implant users

Adults and children who receive bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) have the potential to benefit from the integration of inputs arriving at the brain from both ears. Several factors play a key role in determining if patients will demonstrate binaural sensitivity. We are exploring these factors using two experimental approaches. In the first approach, BiCI users receive pulsatile stimulation to specific pairs of electrodes using research processors that synchronize stimulation with fidelity. We vary stimulus parameters such as temporal fine structure and envelope cues, places of stimulation along the cochleae, and number of electrodes to find parameters that maximize sensitivity to interaural differences for each patient. We also investigate the role of the electrode-neuron interface which is affected by numerous factors including neural health. In a second stimulation approach, we use clinical speech processor to deliver binaural stimulation designed specifically for that patient based on their clinical MAP. In these studies, we are using both standard psychophysics and eye gaze paradigms to understand the underlying processing involved in binaural and spatial hearing. This combined approach is enabling us to design multi-channel multi-rate stimulation strategies aimed at restoring binaural sensitivity and preserving speech understanding.Adults and children who receive bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) have the potential to benefit from the integration of inputs arriving at the brain from both ears. Several factors play a key role in determining if patients will demonstrate binaural sensitivity. We are exploring these factors using two experimental approaches. In the first approach, BiCI users receive pulsatile stimulation to specific pairs of electrodes using research processors that synchronize stimulation with fidelity. We vary stimulus parameters such as temporal fine structure and envelope cues, places of stimulation along the cochleae, and number of electrodes to find parameters that maximize sensitivity to interaural differences for each patient. We also investigate the role of the electrode-neuron interface which is affected by numerous factors including neural health. In a second stimulation approach, we use clinical speech processor to deliver binaural stimulation designed specifically for that patient based on their clinical ...
Patterns of Spread of Disease from the Distal Esophagus and Stomach

Embryologic development of the stomach is associated with the dorsal mesogastrium and ventral mesogastrium above the transverse mesocolon. Disease originating in the stomach commonly spreads into the organs, ligaments, and structures that are related to dorsal and ventral mesogastrium and into the peritoneal spaces above the transverse mesocolon.1–4 This chapter defines anatomic landmarks of the ligaments, organs, and peritoneal spaces around the distal esophagus and stomach contributing to pathways of extension of disease.
Energy Utilization by Mature, Nonpregnant, Nonlactating Cows of Different Types

Summary Four types of crossbred cows were used in each of two studies designed to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME) required to main- tain weight or energy equilibrium of mature (9-yr-old), nonpregnant, nonlactating cows. The four cow types were chosen to represent cow types having moderate mature size-moderate milk production potential (Angus x Hereford, Hereford x Angus; AHX), large mature size- moderate milk production potential (Charolais x Angus or Hereford; CX), small mature size-high milk production potential (Jersey x Angus or Hereford; JX) and large mature size- high milk production potential (Simmental x Angus or Hereford; SX). In each of two consecutive years, four cows of each type were assigned randomly and fed individually either a low (113 kcal ME.kg-'TS.d-X), medium (178 kcal ME.kg-'~S.d-1) or a high (ad libitum) level of a corn silage-based diet for 140 d. Body composition of each cow was estimated by deuterium oxide dilution techniques at d 0 and 140 of each study and gains were calcu- lated. The ME required to maintain weight or energy equilibrium was estimated for each type of cow. Estimates of ME required to maintain energy equilibrium (from the regression of log heat production, kcal'kg -'Ts'd -1 on ME intake kcal.kg-.Ts .d-i) were 130, 129,145 and 160 kcal'kg-.TS.d-1 for AHX, CX, JX,~and SX cows, respectively. Similar trends were observed when other models were used. Cow types with tCooperation of the Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, is acknowledged. 2ARS, NCR, MGPA, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. Received September 16, 1982. Accepted June 9, 1983. higher milk production potential had higher maintenance (kcal-kg-" 7s. d-1 ) than cows with lower milk production potential. Cows of larger size had maintenance requirements (kcal'kg-'TS'd -1) similar to those of smaller size. Possible reasons for these differences as well as their potential impact on cow efficiency are discussed. (Key Words: Cows, Maintenance, Energy Utilization, Body Composition, Deuterium Oxide.)
O Conceito de País em "Uma Viagem à Índia"

This paper means to expose the way some universally accepted criteria which form the notion of country in the work Uma Viagem a India, by Goncalo M. Tavares, are questioned. Since no context of pragmatic order is predetermined to the idea of country in this work, in a sense the external criteria usually employed to mark it out are cancelled. Since the annulment of such criteria is explicitly stated in the work, I will briefly map out these denials. The explanation of these denials resulting in a notion of country which is outside the very possibility of overdetermination by way of any meta-language, of any mystical fundament, one can argue that this implies a becoming that is intrinsic to such a notion, a metamorphic force which does not allow it to settle itself under any stagnant form. A concept, therefore, in constant restructuration, whose force is neither brute nor modelling but delicate and malleable – which rests upon an intelligent and complex intensity. Finally, this mutable notion of country will be articulated with the notions of time and space.
Mapping of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Using RNA-seq Data

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is replacing expression microarrays for genome-wide assessment of gene expression abundance. Many sophisticated statistical methods have been developed to map gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) using microarray data. These methods can potentially be applied to RNA-seq data with minor modifications. However, they fail to exploit two types of novel information that are available from RNA-seq but not from microarrays: the allele-specific expression (ASE) and the isoform-specific expression (ISE). This chapter gives an overview of the statistical methods that are specifically designed for eQTL mapping using RNA-seq data, as well as the challenges and some future directions.
Cyclic polarization resistance measurements of concrete reinforcing steel with constant phase angle element charge storage behavior

Many corroding interfaces exhibit electrochemical impedance response similar to that of a polarization resistance associated with the corrosion process, in parallel with a constant phase angle element (CPE) having relatively large admittance. Such conditions are often encountered in the case of steel in concrete. While polarization measurements using a forward and reverse potential scan rate dV/dt can be helpful to subtract the contribution of an ideal interfacial capacitance C by using a C dV/dt correction, in concrete the pronounced frequency dispersion of the CPE complicates the time domain response and correction is not straightforward. A solution to the problem is presented in this paper and applied to evaluate the CPE parameters and estimate the polarization resistance of steel in concrete from cyclic-scan polarization measurements. The technique is demonstrated for experiments with plain steel and galvanized rebar in concrete.
SIMPM – Upper-level ontology for manufacturing process plan network generation

Abstract Distributed computer integrated manufacturing is increasingly adopting cloud computing, software-as-a-service (SaaS) and multi-agent systems as steps towards “design anywhere, build anywhere” strategy. In this scenario, ontologies not only serve as common message exchange structure among distributed agents but also provide reasoning capability to extract implicit knowledge from explicit information already stored in the knowledge base. Foundation ontologies (upper-level), comprised of most general concepts of a domain, provide a common semantic structure to the domain-level ontologies, which capture details of multi-disciplinary manufacturing knowledge. In this paper, novel upper-level ontology, called SIMPM (Semantically Integrated Manufacturing Planning Model), is proposed in order to model three fundamental constraints of manufacturing process planning: variety, time, and aggregation. The philosophical underpinning of the proposed ontology – presented as OWL-DL axioms – is derived from a three dimensional planning model, developed during our past research on computer-aided process planning. As part of the evaluation of SIMPM ontology, we first expound on the interoperability issues with other upper-level manufacturing ontologies. Next, we present a case study on process planning for prismatic part design. In this way, we demonstrate how the generic set of proposed axioms may be used to address various manufacturing process planning concerns, such as alternative manufacturing resources, the temporal order among operations and granularity in the details of a process plan.
Food allergy information sharing and communication strategies in full-service restaurants in the U.S.

The purpose of this study was to explore how restaurant staff shares food allergy information with and communicate risks to customers with food allergies. Results of the online survey indicated tha...
Inside and Outside the Literary Marketplace: The Digital Products of Amitav Ghosh, Arundhati Roy, and Salman Rushdie

AbstractFor Indian authors writing in English, the changing landscape of publishing in the digital age presents both unique challenges and opportunities for claiming their authority as public intel...
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Open Chest Management After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.

Objectives Although open chest management optimizes hemodynamics after cardiac surgery, it increases postoperative infections and leads to increased mortality. Despite the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis during open chest management, no specific recommendations exist. We aimed to compare the occurrence rates of bloodstream infection and surgical site infection between the different prophylactic antibiotic regimens for open chest management after pediatric cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective, single-center, observational study. Setting PICU at a tertiary children's hospital. Patients Consecutive patients younger than or equal to 18 years old with open chest management after cardiac surgery followed by delayed sternal closure, between January 2012 and June 2018. Interventions None. Measurements and main results We compared the composite occurrence rate of postoperative bloodstream infection and surgical site infection within 30 days after cardiac surgery between three prophylactic antibiotic regimens: 1) cefazolin, 2) cefazolin + vancomycin, and 3) vancomycin + meropenem. In 63 pediatric cardiac surgeries with open chest management, 17 bloodstream infections, and 12 surgical site infections were identified postoperatively. The composite occurrence rates of bloodstream infection and surgical site infection were 10 of 15 (67%), 10 of 19 (53%), and nine of 29 (31%) in the cefazolin, cefazolin + vancomycin, and vancomycin + meropenem regimens, respectively (p = 0.07). After adjusting for age, open chest management duration, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, and nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference between the cefazolin and the cefazolin + vancomycin regimens (p = 0.19), while the vancomycin + meropenem regimen had a lower occurrence rate of bloodstream infection and surgical site infection than the cefazolin regimen (odds ratio, 0.0885; 95% CI, 0.0176-0.446; p = 0.003). Conclusions In this study, a lower occurrence rate of postoperative bloodstream infection and surgical site infection was observed among patients with broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen after pediatric cardiac surgery with open chest management. Further studies, ideally randomized controlled studies investigating the efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics and their complications, are warranted before routine implementation of broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotic regimen.
Screening for anticancer properties of thiazolidinedione compounds in a galactose media metastatic breast cancer cell model

The metastatic tumors of breast cancer lead to the mortality of patients in part due to the failure of chemotherapeutics to reach the brain and emergence of drug resistance. With the increase in drug resistance, we focused on targeting mitochondrial metabolism, which was recently found to be a viable and novel drug target in breast cancer. Here we screened several ligands for anticancer activity in a phenotypic screen using the MTT dye as a marker for cell proliferation. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with compounds in the presence of galactose to ensure mitochondrial interaction by the compounds. The lead compound of our group, NL-1, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), was found to inhibit cell proliferation with an IC50 of 7.1 μM, whereas its unsaturated derivative CI-987 was more potent with a IC50 of 3.3 μM. The TZDs were affected by substitution on both the aromatic ring and the TZD warhead. Taken together, these compounds can serve as lead structures for mitochondrial targeted drug discovery programs in breast cancer.
Incorporating external information to improve sparse signal detection in rare‐variant gene‐set‐based analyses

Gene-set analyses are used to assess whether there is any evidence of association with disease among a set of biologically related genes. Such an analysis typically treats all genes within the sets similarly, even though there is substantial, external, information concerning the likely importance of each gene within each set. For example, for traits that are under purifying selection, we would expect genes showing extensive genic constraint to be more likely to be trait associated than unconstrained genes. Here we improve gene-set analyses by incorporating such external information into a higher-criticism-based signal detection analysis. We show that when this external information is predictive of whether a gene is associated with disease, our approach can lead to a significant increase in power. Further, our approach is particularly powerful when the signal is sparse, that is when only a small number of genes within the set are associated with the trait. We illustrate our approach with a gene-set analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and implicate a number of gene-sets containing SOD1 and NEK1 as well as showing enrichment of small p values for gene-sets containing known ALS genes. We implement our approach in the R package wHC.
Abstract 53: Aerial Drone versus Ground Search for Delivery of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Comparison of Elapsed Time and Bystander Experience in a Community Setting

Background: An estimated 350,000 individuals experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the United States (US) annually; only approximately 10% survive. The probability of survival after O...
A Fast and Accurate Device Model Validation Strategy Using Rotational Invariant Lead Trajectories

The ISO/TS 10974 standard indicates that as an electromagnetic model of active implantable medical device (AIMD) for prediction of power deposition in homogeneous media or tissue, the transfer function shall be validated using a set of tangential electric field exposures. However, the pathways suggested by ISO/TS 10974 are too sophisticated to practically achieve, and the correlation among those trajectories is significant. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed to overcome these shortcomings. Applying an algorithm based on Partial Swarm Optimization (PSO), the validation trajectories applicable for AIMDs with different length of stimulation lead in ASTM rectangular phantom are generated with high degree of orthogonality. Using the rotatable circular bench, there is no need to re-position the AIMD inside the phantom during the validation test. As the plate rotates, sufficiently different incident fields along lead trajectories can be achieved. The determination of pathways for AIMDs with different length are given, and compared with those suggested by ISO/TS 10974 in terms of correlation level. Two commercial AIMDs are used as the examples to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy. The new procedure reduces the uncertainty and experiment time. Also, the tangential components of incident electrical fields along different trajectories are orthogonal to each other, which makes transfer function validation test more efficient.
Temporal enhancement of denitrification in bioirrigated estuarine sediments

Temporally intensive observations of sediment biogeochemical fluxes were used to examine the effects of water column oxygen depletion and associated loss of sediment bioirrigation on denitrification rates. In the tidal Choptank River, a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay, coupled nitrification/denitrification was identified as the main pathway for the production of N2 gas in the sediment. Although denitrification rates were stimulated by high rates of bioirrigation, the overall efficiency of the process sharply declined as temperature increased and bottom water O2 declined. Consequently, there was a transition from nitrogen remineralization resulting in N2 gas production in winter to complete recycling of remineralized NH4+ back to the water column in summer. Bioirrigation rate estimates using a bromide tracer showed the same pattern as those derived from combining diffusive pore water O2 fluxes with intact core incubations. These bioirrigation estimates were consistent with peak abundance of small spionid polychaetes in early spring with populations declining sharply into summer. Following deposition of the spring algal bloom, bioirrigation was more important than diffusive oxygen transport, increasing the depth of habitat for microbial denitrification. Low bottom water oxygen (~ 3 mg L−1) in summer was accompanied with a loss of bioirrigation and very low denitrification efficiency. Denitrification efficiency was shown to be sensitive to bottom water oxygen concentrations even in the absence of hypoxia or anoxia.
Robust SleepNets.

State-of-the-art convolutional neural networks excel in machine learning tasks such as face recognition, and object classification but suffer significantly when adversarial attacks are present. It is crucial that machine critical systems, where machine learning models are deployed, utilize robust models to handle a wide range of variability in the real world and malicious actors that may use adversarial attacks. In this study, we investigate eye closedness detection to prevent vehicle accidents related to driver disengagements and driver drowsiness. Specifically, we focus on adversarial attacks in this application domain, but emphasize that the methodology can be applied to many other domains. We develop two models to detect eye closedness: first model on eye images and a second model on face images. We adversarially attack the models with Projected Gradient Descent, Fast Gradient Sign and DeepFool methods and report adversarial success rate. We also study the effect of training data augmentation. Finally, we adversarially train the same models on perturbed images and report the success rate for the defense against these attacks. We hope our study sets up the work to prevent potential vehicle accidents by capturing drivers' face images and alerting them in case driver's eyes are closed due to drowsiness.
Graph neural networks for inconsistent cluster detection in incremental entity resolution

Online stores often utilize product relationships such as bundles and substitutes to improve their catalog quality and guide customers through myriad choices. Entity resolution using pairwise product matching models offers a means of inferring relationships between products. In mature data repositories, the relationships may be mostly correct but require incremental improvements owing to errors in the original data or in the entity resolution system. It is critical to devise incremental entity resolution (IER) approaches for improving the health of relationships. However, most existing research on IER focuses on the addition of new products or information into existing relationships. Relatively little research has been done for detecting low quality within current relationships. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying inconsistent clusters (IC), existing groups of related products that do not belong together. We propose to treat the identification of inconsistent clusters as a supervised learning task which predicts whether a graph of products with similarities as weighted edges should be partitioned into multiple clusters. In this case, the problem becomes a classification task on weighted graphs and represents an interesting application area for modern tools such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We demonstrate that existing Message Passing neural networks perform well at this task, exceeding traditional graph processing techniques. We also develop a novel message aggregation scheme for Message Passing Neural Networks that further improves the performance of GNNs on this task. We apply the model to synthetic datasets, a public benchmark dataset, and an internal application. Our results demonstrate the value of graph classification in IER and the ability of graph neural networks to develop useful representations for graph partitioning.
A survey study examining the motivations, concerns, and perspectives of medical students engaging in neurosurgical research.

Background In a competitive landscape for neurosurgical residency admission, research productivity is increasingly important. Medical school applicants to neurosurgery report high numbers of "scholarly products" as published by the National Residency Match Program. Despite increased student involvement in research and productivity, to the best of our knowledge, no previous reported studies have examined student perspectives on their involvement in neurosurgical research. Methods For 2 consecutive years (February 2019 and February 2020), medical students (n = 55) from around the United States presented original research at the Student Neurosurgical Research Conference. Participants were administered a mixed-method survey designed to assess experiences and perspectives on engaging in neurosurgical research. Survey responses were analyzed independently by two researchers to assess for common themes and perspectives. Results Medical students engaged in all types of research work across nearly every neurosurgical subfield with "Basic/Bench Lab work" (38.5%) and "Chart Review" (23.1%) representing the majority of projects. Students commonly cited "curiosity/interest," and "residency application competitiveness" as main reasons for participation in research. About 66% of respondents reported experiencing anxiety/concern about research productivity "often" or "very often." Thematic analysis revealed that sources of research-related stress were (1) having enough publications to match into residency, and (2) having enough time in medical school to engage in research. Conclusion Medical students engaging in neurosurgical research are highly motivated students driven by scientific curiosity and pressure to prepare for competitive residency applications. Students experience anxiety due to time constraints in medical curricula and increasing demands for scholarly productivity.
Overexpression of native ORANGE (OR) and OR mutant protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress.

Abstract The carotenoid content of plants can be increased by overexpression of the regulatory protein ORANGE (OR) or a mutant variant known as the ‘golden SNP’. In the present study, a strong light-inducible promoter was used to overexpress either wild type CrOR (CrORWT) or a mutated CrOR (CrORHis) containing a single histidine substitution for a conserved arginine in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Overexpression of CrORWT and CrORHis roughly doubled and tripled, respectively, the accumulation of several different carotenoids, including β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin in C. reinhardtii and upregulated the transcript abundance of nearly all relevant carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed that the OR transgenic cells were larger than control cells and exhibited larger chloroplasts with a disrupted morphology. Moreover, both CrORWT and CrORHis cell lines showed increased tolerance to salt and paraquat stress. The levels of endogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also increased in CrORWT and CrORHis lines, not only in normal growth conditions but also in growth medium supplemented with salt and paraquat. Together these results offer new insights regarding the role of the native OR protein in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of several carotenoids in microalgae, and establish a new functional role for OR to modulate oxidative stress tolerance potentially mediated by ABA.
Abstract PO-031: Lysosome inhibition overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in PDA

The current FDA-approved chemotherapies for patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) demonstrate substantial toxicities with only a modest survival benefit highlighting the urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving PDA and how they interact in order to develop more precise and less toxic pathway-targeted therapies. PDA often harbors oncogenic mutations in KRAS and CDKN2A that drive a dysregulated cell cycle through activation of CDK4/6 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4 and 6), which mono-phosphorylate RB1 to govern progression through G0◊G1◊S phases. Currently, there are three FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbo-, abema-, and ribociclib (X-ciclibs), that are predicted to have anti-cancer activity in PDA cells. However, the benefits of X-ciclib treatment in PDA patients are largely underwhelming. We found that inherent resistance to X-ciclib treatment in vitro is due to compensatory activation of protective autophagy, a critical lysosomal degradation process that generates a source of nutrients during periods of cellular stress. We observed that X-ciclib treatment induces autophagic flux in PDA cell lines. This pro-cancer process can be targeted with the lysosomal inhibitors, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The addition of chloroquine sensitizes PDA cells to X-ciclib treatment, resulting in diminished proliferative ability. Additionally, a late-stage PDA patient was treated with the combination of an X-ciclib and hydroxychloroquine and displayed a dramatic decrease in the bloodborne PDA biomarker, Cancer Antigen 19-9. These data may suggest a novel combination treatment strategy for late-stage PDA patients, but the molecular mechanisms underlying are yet to be studied in PDA. Future work will explore the role RB1 plays in CDK4/6 regulated autophagy by investigating how phosphorylation at distinct RB1 sites modulates autophagy-related gene expression and the extent to which mTORC1 deactivation is necessary for CDK4/6 regulated autophagy. Citation Format: Dilru Silva, Conan Kinsey, Martin McMahon. Lysosome inhibition overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in PDA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-031.
The American forces network — Europe

The American Forces Network in Europe is one of the best known radio services in the world. Although programmed by and for Americans, its activities and scope are nearly unknown to most people living in the United States. Major Ovid L. Bayless worked as a consultant with AFN during the summer of 1966, and currently is Associate Professor of Speech and English at the United States Air Force Academy. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in broadcasting from Baylor University, and his Ph.D. from the University of Denver.
Reliability Bounds for Large Multistage Interconnection Networks

To derive the exact reliability expressions for large Multi-stage Interconnection Networks (MINs) can become rather complex. As network size increases, the reliability bounds could be used to estimate the reliability of the networks. In this paper, terminal, broadcast, lower and upper bounds network reliability will be determined. Lower bound reliability is the minimum probability that the system will be operational for a specified time. Upper bound reliability presents an optimistic view of probability that the system will work at some specified time, which is not the center of attention in terms of reliability point of view. If the lower bound reliability provides sufficient assurance that the system will be operational at some specified time, then no further effort for obtaining the exact reliability expression is necessary. As examples, the derivation of terminal, broadcast, lower and upper bounds network reliability expressions of the extra-stage cube network will be demonstrated.