cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA from bird-dispersed seed and wind-disseminated pollen provides insights into postglacial colonization and population genetic structure of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis).

Uniparentally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA and chloroplast (cp)DNA microsatellites (cpSSRs) were used to examine population genetic structure and biogeographic patterns of bird-dispersed seed and wind-disseminated pollen of whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis Engelm.). Sampling was conducted from 41 populations throughout the range of the species. Analyses provide evidence for an ancestral haplotype and two derived mtDNA haplotypes with distinct regional distributions. An abrupt contact zone between mtDNA haplotypes in the Cascade Range suggests postglacial biogeographic movements. Among three cpSSR loci, 42 haplotypes were detected within 28 cpSSR sample populations that were aggregated into six regions. Analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) was used to determine the hierarchical genetic structure of cpSSRs. AMOVA and population pairwise comparisons ( F ST ) of cpSSR, and geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes provide insights into historical changes in biogeography. The genetic data suggest that whitebark pine has been intimately tied to climatic change and associated glaciation, which has led to range movements facilitated by seed dispersal by Clark’s nutcracker ( Nucifraga columbiana Wilson). The two hypotheses proposed to explain the genetic structure are: (i) a northward expansion into Canada and the northern Cascades in the early Holocene; and (ii) historical gene flow between Idaho and the Oregon Cascades when more continuous habitat existed in Central Oregon during the late Pleistocene. Genetic structure and insights gained from historical seed movements provide a basis on which to develop recovery plans for a species that is at risk from multiple threats.
Low-order harmonic interactions on AC/DC systems

A technique is described to evaluate harmonic interaction. It is based on linearizing the harmonic interaction between AC and DC sides of the converter, including the effect of control action. The technique provides an efficient tool for the evaluation of possible adverse amplification of low-order harmonics as well as the design of mitigating measures. It is especially valuable for complex HVDC systems where performance must be evaluated for many contingencies. >
Single rate communication is advantageous over per-tone rate control in a multi-user OFDM system

In this paper, we investigate two different rate control strategies for a cellular multi-user OFDM system: a per-tone rate control and a single rate communication scheme. We propose efficient feedback and scheduling al- gorithms for both the schemes. We demonstrate via simula- tions that an average throughput within 5% of the per-tone rate control throughput is achievable with the single rate scheme. Hence, single rate OFDM transmission is preferred due to its near-optimal performance and less imposing feed- back constraints.
Type A Behavior and Diabetic Control: Implications of Psychological Reactance for Health Outcomes1

According to laboratory research, Type A coronary-prone individuals are sensitive to threats to their personal control and react to such threats with active and often stressful coping responses. The present investigation tested the prediction that these features of Type A behavior would interfere with blood glucose regulation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Two independent hypotheses were investigated. Because elevated sympathetic arousal, a concomitant of stressful coping, is associated with elevated glucose levels, it was predicted that Type A diabetics experiencing high levels of life stress would display poorest blood glucose control (indexed by Hemoglobin A1c). The second hypothesis was derived from the observation that Type As are more likely than Type Bs to respond to control threats with reactance in order to restore the perception of control. Given that illness or treatment can reduce personal control, it was predicted that Type A diabetics would be most reactant and, thus, most medically noncompliant. To test these hypotheses, 37 Type 1 diabetics were assessed for Type A behavior, life change, attributional style, desire for control (both within treatment and in general), and specific perceptions of and actions to their diabetes. Type As were more likely than Type Bs to show poor blood glucose control. However, for patients in general, and Type As in particular, blood glucose regulation was not related to life stress. Rather, those Type As who displayed poor glucose control made more extreme self-attributions about the cause of their diabetes, were angrier about it, and felt they should fight it. The implications of these findings for a reactance-Type A model of medical compliance are discussed.
Nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase reduces adipose inflammation in obesity

Objective An intimate association exists between oxidative stress and inflammation. Because adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, it was hypothesized that reducing oxidative stress would be effective in ameliorating AT inflammation in obesity. Methods Wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week treatment with nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (NanoSOD). The mice were divided into: 1) chow diet, 2) HF, and 3) HF + NanoSOD. Results The HF + NanoSOD-treated mice showed a significant decrease in plasma and liver triglycerides when compared with HF-fed mice. Interestingly, NanoSOD reduced the expression of macrophage and inflammatory markers in visceral AT (VAT) and stromal cells derived from VAT. Moreover, the activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways, in particular, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases, was blunted in VAT on NanoSOD treatment. However, markers of oxidative stress were not altered significantly in the HF + NanoSOD group in the experimental conditions. Pretreatment of either macrophages or adipocytes significantly reduced the inflammatory response invoked in an in vitro coculture system, further supporting the role of NanoSOD in inhibiting obesity-linked inflammation. Conclusions This data suggest that NanoSOD is effective not only in reducing AT macrophage accumulation and AT inflammation but also in promoting triglyceride metabolism in obesity.
Container and Handle Design for Manual Handling

In Manual Materials Handling the ergonomic maxim of designing systems to suit human capabilities and limitations is a truism. The consequences of giving the human the burden of adapting to the system have been well-documented: widespread muscular-skeletal overstrain, particularly in the lower back. However, recognition of the problem is but a first step towards prescriptive solutions. The container or load lifted is a natural place to start because it affects safety directly through the biomechanical stresses imposed by its weight and size and indirectly though the limitations it imposes on methods of holding and carrying it.
Chiari I malformations: assessment with phase-contrast velocity MR.

PURPOSE To assess movement of the medulla, tonsils, and upper cervical cord as well as that of the posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid pathways in both normal subjects and those with Chiari I malformations. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers and eight patients with Chiari I malformations were examined with phase-contrast cine MR. With a region-of-interest cursor, the directions and intensities of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid were assessed and intensity-versus-time graphs generated. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid flow patterns of the patients with Chiari I malformations were normal except for absence of valleculla flow. In addition, increased velocities (10 times normal) of the tonsils of all patients with Chiari I malformations together with posterior movement of the medulla (rather than the expected anterior movement seen in volunteers) occurred. CONCLUSIONS Increased velocities of the tonsils may be the result of the carotid systolic pulse being delivered to a structure (the tonsil) without the normal surrounding cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in impact of the tonsils in the confined foramen magnum and a consequent caudocranial recoil. An alternative explanation would include the Bernoulli effect caused by the confined location of the tonsils. There may be a decrease in the peak tonsillar velocities after surgery.
Can Social Services Win Votes? A Study of Hindu Nationalism and the Poor in India

How do elite parties win over poor voters while maintaining their core constituencies? How can religious parties expand their electoral base? This paper argues that social service provision constitutes an important electoral strategy for elite-backed religious parties to succeed in developing democracies. The paper demonstrates how the upper caste, Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won unexpected support from lower caste voters in India, due to the services provided by its grassroots affiliates. Using a combination of original survey data and extensive interviews, I test whether services win votes, and reveal the mechanisms through which they do so. I argue that since service can influence even non-beneficiary preferences, and since ideologically committed activists do not follow a quid pro quo logic of provision, a service-based electoral tactic should not be narrowly classified as clientelism. Instead, service should be seen as a socially embedded tactic especially well suited to helping elite parties with organizational resources, but without pro-poor policy agendas, win over underprivileged electorates.
Impact of Numerical Model Verification and Validation Within FAA Certification

The mission of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is to provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world. The FAA Aircraft Certification Service is responsible for the design and production approval and airworthiness certification of all U.S. civil aviation products. Historically, design approval has required physical tests, however the FAA allows for the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) to demonstrate compliance with federal regulations. This allows an applicant to reduce the number of tests required to certify a design by relying on the results of M&S. As with all M&S use, verification and validation are fundamental in establishing the credibility of the computational models of aircraft components. Through several government-industry workshops, there is an apparent need for better guidance and training for both parties to understand how to communicate M&S and Verification and Validation (V&V) activities to support certification decisions. Current efforts focus on the level of detail required to document the M&S and V&V activities by an applicant such that the FAA can make an informed certification decision resulting in safe aircraft.
Abnormal Motor Function and Autism

Investigators from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, recorded the gait characteristics and prevalence of toe walking, the range of passive joint mobility, and age at walking in children with DSM IV autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and in age- and gender-matched healthy peers (mean age 4 years 6 months, range 22 months – 10 years 9 months).
Large In-Plane Lattice Expansion in NiAs-MnSb Thin Films Induced by ns Laser Recrystallization

Sputter deposited MnSb thin films were annealed utilizing KrF excimer laser pulses (16ns), and the resulting structural and magnetic changes investigated. These changes are compared to those observed when the samples are subjected to isothermal and rapid thermal annealing treatments. Isothermal and rapid thermal annealing induce significant lateral grain growth, whereas the laser treatment produces vertical grain size refinement with no appreciable lateral growth. Annealing is shown to increase the hexagonal c-axis, reaching an expansion value of 7% for the laser annealed samples. This c-axis expansion has a strong influence on the magnetic properties of the thin films. Mechanisms for the c-axis expansion are discussed.
INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF SULFIDE IN ASH OF PULVERIZED COAL IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS BY USING HIGH-PRESSURE DIGESTION-ATOM ABSORPTION METHOD

A determination method of sulfide in solid samples has been developed.The fly ash from burning pulverized coal in thermal power plant is pretreated by using high-pressure sealed digestion method,making the sulfide to react quantitatively with the barium chromate,and then the excess atoms of barium is measured by using atom absorption method,thereby,the sulfide content in fly ash of pulverized coal can be indirectly obtained.The results of test show that the relative standard deviation of this method is within ±5%,the corelation coefficient of the obtained standard curves being r=(0.999 2),the marked recovery rate being 94% and 105%,having higher precision.Practice shows that the superiority of this method will be even better in the event of analysing many samples.
Optimizing Content Mode for Operators

In the mobile Internet era,an operator pipeline is at the bottom of value chain.This paper describes operator optimizing content mode (OOCM),which is used for controlling data packets content so value can be created in the pipeline.The importance of the browser is also discussed.Controlling the browser is a requirement of OOCM and is necessary for influencing user behavior.
Atomistic and holistic approaches to human reliability analysis in the US nuclear power industry

AbstractA variety of methods have been developed to generate human error probabilities in the US nuclear power industry. When actual operations data are not available, it is necessary for an analyst to estimate these probabilities. Most approaches, including THERP, ASEP, SLIM-MAUD, and SPAR-H, feature an atomistic approach to characterizing and estimating error. The atomistic approach is based on the notion that events and their causes can be decomposed and individually quantified. In contrast, in the holistic approach, such as found in ATHEANA, the analysis centers on the entire event, which is quantified as an indivisible whole. The distinction between atomistic and holistic approaches is important in understanding the nature of human reliability analysis quantification and the utility and shortcomings associated with each approach.
Words as Signals: Drafting Cold War Rhetoric in the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations

This article compares the speech-writing processes of the first two American presidents to begin their terms during the Cold War, Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. It examines the two major initial communications of the presidents, their inaugural address and state of the union message, focusing on passages that pertain to the Soviet Union and the Cold War. While the article primarily analyzes the drafting of the speeches, it also examines the speeches themselves and the signals they may have conveyed to Soviet leaders about each administration's intentions. The thesis of this article is that Alexander L. George's “multiple advocacy” recommendation for presidential foreign policy decision making is applicable to presidential speech writing. Appropriately designed formal advisory meetings of speech writers and policy makers are more likely than exclusively informal procedures to take account of the signals that presidential speeches can send. Yet multiple advocacy has a trade-off: institutionalized...
Characterizing Attention with Predictive Network Models

Recent work shows that models based on functional connectivity in large-scale brain networks can predict individuals' attentional abilities. While being some of the first generalizable neuromarkers of cognitive function, these models also inform our basic understanding of attention, providing empirical evidence that: (i) attention is a network property of brain computation; (ii) the functional architecture that underlies attention can be measured while people are not engaged in any explicit task; and (iii) this architecture supports a general attentional ability that is common to several laboratory-based tasks and is impaired in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Looking ahead, connectivity-based predictive models of attention and other cognitive abilities and behaviors may potentially improve the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical dysfunction.
Three Problems With Current Digital Mental Health Research . . . and Three Things We Can Do About Them

An increasingly large body of randomized controlled trials has demonstrated the efficacy of mental health technologies, such as Web-based and mobile interventions, to prevent and treat mental disorders and increase psychological well-being. However, there is little evidence that these tools can be successfully implemented in clinical settings. The authors highlight three widely held misconceptions that they believe are holding back the field, and they reconceptualize the issues to strengthen the path toward implementation and accelerate innovation.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Chromium-Reducing Strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens S613, Isolated from a Chromium-Contaminated Aquifer in Los Alamos, New Mexico.

ABSTRACT In this report, a chromium-reducing bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain S613, was isolated from a Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Los Alamos, NM, and sequenced. The size of the draft genome sequence is approximately 6.7 Mb.
Activity and Persistence of the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of the Celery Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with A Feeding Stimulant and a Stilbene-Derived Enhancer

A nutrient-based feeding stimulant and a diaminostilbene disulfonic acid-derived enhancer (fluorescent brightener, Blankophor BBH®; Burlington Chemical, Burlington, NC) were evaluated as adjuvants ...
A causal link between bond liquidity and stock returns

Abstract I investigate the causal relationship between bond liquidity and stock returns. An improvement in bond liquidity can positively impact stock returns by reducing funding costs and improving profitability. To investigate this effect, I construct a natural experiment around the implementation of the Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE). I find a 2.2% cumulative average abnormal equity return for firms that appeared in TRACE on the first dissemination date (July 1, 2002). Moreover, average abnormal returns are significantly related to the improvement in bond liquidity, the probability of informed trading, leverage, growth opportunities, and propensity to access corporate debt.
Introduction to Innovative Financing: The Role of Payments for Ecosystem Services in Poverty Reduction

The goal of balancing biodiversity conservation with poverty reduction has challenged conservationists and development practitioners for years (Adams et al. 2004). Efforts such as Community Based Conservation, Integrated Conservation and Development Programs, and sustainable forest management have all attempted to do this, but the linkages between conservation and economic benefits for communities have often been too indirect or vague for these approaches to achieve both goals. Furthermore, in many of these cases, the tradeoffs among conservation and poverty reduction have often outweighed the synergies (Wunder 2007). For these reasons, innovative financial mechanisms, such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), have emerged as a more efficient, and direct way to balance conservation and development (Ferraro and Kiss 2002). While many functioning PES programs have been implemented in developed countries, the idea of PES has become attractive in poor, rural areas of tropical counties, where there are high concentrations of biodiversity that support a range of ecosystem services and where payments may help reduce poverty of poor rural ecosystem service managers. However, there are few examples and analyses of the enabling conditions needed to establish PES programs in developing countries and what their success has been for supporting livelihoods and conservation. Thus, it is difficult to judge if these mechanisms are as promising as they seem to be for achieving both conservation and poverty reduction.
Perianesthetic Management of Laparoscopic Kidney Surgery

Laparoscopic kidney surgery is commonly used for living donor, partial, and total tumor nephrectomy. The successful emergence of laparoscopic technique was justified by the many benefits offered such as reduced blood loss, tissue trauma, pain, and hospital stay. However, this comes at the expense of physiologic changes and complications secondary to pneumoperitoneum, surgical technique, and patient positioning with significant challenges in anesthetic management. A variety of laparoscopic approaches (transperitoneal, retroperitoneal, hand-assisted, robotic) are used with some having advantages over others. The kidneys are particularly sensitive to hemodynamic changes and pneumoperitoneum. Controversies in perioperative fluid administration exist. New modalities for postoperative pain control have been suggested. Laparoscopic kidney surgery is associated with multiple physiologic changes and adverse events but offers advantages of reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Understanding these physiologic changes and related anesthetic considerations is key for safe patient outcome.
Project Design: Building Foundations for Transformative Learning

ABSTRACTResearchers analyzed data from 14 participants in a collaborative, interarts, intergenerational community partnership project entitled An Evening with Harvey Dunn’s Feminine Images, to understand the effects of the project design on participant learning. The year-long project included collaboration among faculty and students from six disciplines at South Dakota State University (SDSU) in Brookings, South Dakota, using four paintings by artist Harvey Dunn as its inspiration. In addition, partnerships with the South Dakota Art Museum and a local dance studio provided community engagement with diverse age groups. The project created an environment in which an interarts and intergenerational cohort of learners explored diverse learning opportunities within a new context. Rich description from participant experience helped researchers understand how the project’s structural framework was perceived by participants, what the participants learned, and how that learning aligned within Chad Hoggan’s (2016) ...
Identification of risk groups for development of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia

The risk of development of CNS leukemia was investigated in 153 adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who received systemic combination chemotherapy without CNS prophylaxis. Overall, 31 patients (20%) developed CNS leukemia after a median of 6 months of therapy; the estimated 1-year incidence of CNS leukemia was 21% (SE, 3.9%). Characteristics significantly associated with CNS involvement included the presence of elevated hemoglobin creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, fibrinogen, and lactic dehydrogenase levels; B-cell leukemia; and high leukemic cell proliferative activity. Multivariate analysis identified lactic dehydrogenase levels of greater than or equal to 600 U/L and greater than or equal to 14% of cells in the S + G2M compartment to have independent additive poor prognostic significance. Patients were categorized into different risk groups for CNS leukemia with 1-year incidences ranging from 4% to 55%. While related to a high occurrence of CNS leukemia at diagnosis (33%) and subsequently (100%), the low incidence of B-cell disease excluded it from the multivariate analysis. The use of systemic chemotherapy containing multiple agents with good CNS penetration and in high doses (VAD regimen) in 90 patients was associated with a trend for lower CNS leukemia at 1 year (15% v 31%), especially in the low-risk category. We propose to develop future therapies for adults with ALL that include risk-oriented CNS prophylactic approaches.
Regulation of Ion Channels by the Calcium Signaling Network in Plant Cells

Free calcium (Ca2+) has been considered as a second messenger in all eukaryotes. In response to many extracellular signals, plants often alter cellular Ca2+ status, and such changes in many cases are required and sufficient for downstream responses. The specific Ca2+ changes triggered by different signals are reflected by not only the concentration but also the temporal and spatial patterns, forming the so-called “Ca2+ signature” for each of the different signals. In decoding such Ca2+ signatures, plants cells express and organize a large number of sensors that recognize the Ca2+ signals and transmit the signals into downstream cellular responses. One of the cellular targets for such Ca2+ sensors is the ion channels that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Such ion channels can be regulated by Ca2+ signaling in many ways including both transcriptional and posttranslational modifications. Here, we review the recent studies and conclusions on the ion channel regulation by various signaling pathways involving calcium sensors and their targets.
Preservation Potential and Habitability of Clay Minerals- and Iron-Rich Environments: Novel Analogs for the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory Mission

Near-future planetary missions, including the US 2011 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL11) and the ESA 2016 Pasteur ExoMars, will primarily seek key information on the geological and biological history of Mars. In this context, studies addressing the potential for (1) preservation of organics and (2) habitability and microbial ­biomass in phyllosilicate-rich and ferric oxide-rich environments can provide key interpretive ­information for near-future Mars Science/life detection missions.
Extensión universitaria: función orientada al desarrollo regional

University outreach activities are one of the main historical functions of universities. This is a particularly relevant fact in outlying regions where it is instrumental to development in thefield of culture in comprehensive terms, extending beyond artistic and cultural activities. The paper discusses the role of outreach departments as strategic units to help achieve institutional goals –at universities conceived as bodies that interact with the social environment of which they form part– and the duties of academicians in this context. The document also analyzes some roles inherent to universities such as outreach centers, printing houses and programs involving collaboration and cooperation. Finally, the paper addresses the issue of outreach activities as a significant factor in terms of corporate communications by universities.
Biofouling Response of Laboratory-Scale Polysulfone Membranes Modified with Bioinspired Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract Low-pressure membranes provide high-quality water through physical removal of bacteria, cysts, and particles. Bacteria can attach to the membrane surface and form biofilms that reduce ener...
Russian Art Books and Folios of the Hoover Institution Library & Archives: Niche Collections One Hundred Years On

ABSTRACTThis article describes the Russian Art Collection at the Hoover Institution Library & Archives, along with some other small bodies of material held by this library which resulted from, or w...
Variability in Inpatient Acute Ischemic Stroke Diagnostic Evaluation and Secondary Prevention at Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals (P5.207)

Objective: Evaluate inpatient diagnostic stroke evaluation (DSE) and secondary stroke prevention (SSP) practices at three Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals (ASRHs) and one Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC). Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting to ASRHs are admitted for DSE and SSP if they do not meet emergent transfer criteria. Design/Methods: ICD 9/10 codes were used to identify AIS and TIA patients admitted to three ASRHs between September 2015 and September 2017. A random cohort of 50 AIS and TIA patients admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) during this period was also analyzed. Patients admitted for palliative care or with unclear diagnosis were excluded. DSE and SSP were assessed using variables derived from AHA evidence-based, best practice guidelines. DSE variables included: LDL, hemoglobin A1c, troponin, head CT or brain MRI, intracranial and cervical vascular imaging, echocardiogram, EKG, telemetry, and outpatient prolonged cardiac monitoring. SSP variables included appropriately initiating: antiplatelet Results: 192 patients were analyzed in total (ASRH #1=43, ASRH #2=34, ASRH #3=65, CSC=50). There was significant variability between ASRHs in the percentage of DSE elements (ASRH #1=71%, ASRH #2=82%, ASRH #3=78%, p=0.004) and SSP elements that were completed (ASRH #1=69%, ASRH #2=83%, ASRH #3=81%, p=0.002). Additionally, the CSC had more complete DSE (93%) and SSP (94%) than each ASRH (p Conclusions: Our study suggests significant variability in DSE and SSP between ASRHs with less complete evaluation when compared to a CSC. Targeted interventions to standardize DSE and SSP at ASRHs may improve inpatient guideline-based AIS evaluation and secondary stroke prevention practices. Disclosure: Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alkuwaiti has nothing to disclose. Dr Jarnot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Engkjer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heyer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reichert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Streib has nothing to disclose.
Abstract C26: Associations Between race/ethnicity and enrollment in cancer research protocols

Background: There is evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial participation in oncology, but the studies reporting disparities tend to be small and specific to certain cancers. We aimed to use the experience of a large cancer center to investigate diverse participation in oncology research. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all adult patients seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) from 2005-2015. We examined if enrollment, defined as consent and registration to a research study, varied by race/ethnicity, a variable derived from the combination of self-reported values at MSK, gender, age, cancer type, and preferred language. Cancer type was determined by site and histology and designated as either common or rare, based on NCI criteria. Language preference was dichotomized to English and non-English. Descriptive and chi-square analyses examined bivariate associations between race/ethnicity and other characteristics, and research protocol enrollment. Due to large numbers of participants, associations were also assessed for clinical importance using standardized, chi-square residuals. Results: A total of 233,599 patients were available for analysis. 93,276 (39.9%) were enrolled in a research protocol. The mean + SD age of the enrolled observations was 57.7+13.7 and for those not enrolled, was 58.9+14.6 (Mann-Whitney U Test, p Conclusion: Patients who reported “other” race/ethnicity, whose preferred language was English, or who had common cancer diagnoses were more likely to be enrolled into a research protocol. Differences in enrollment on research protocols due to the additional race/ethnicity categories or gender were minimal. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these findings on diversity in oncology research protocols and to design interventions to reduce disparities in oncology trial enrollment. Citation Format: Ogochukwu Marietta Ezeoke, Gary Brooks, Michael A. Postow, Shrujal Baxi, Lisa Diamond. Associations Between race/ethnicity and enrollment in cancer research protocols [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.
Immediate intraoperative sentinel lymph node analysis by frozen section is predictive of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer

Sentinel lymph nodes sampling (SLN) in endometrial cancer is being evaluated as a means to gather prognostic information about lymphatic metastasis while avoiding the morbidity associated with complete lymphadenectomy. SLN ultrastaging has been advocated to identify low-volume metastases, but its value remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate a pathological protocol for the immediate intraoperative SLN work-up using H&E staining alone. In this retrospective single-center study, patients received standardized cervical injection of indocyanine green, SLN mapping followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without para-aortic lymphadenectomy. SLNs were entirely frozen, multiple H&E stained sections prepared and evaluated intraoperatively. No immunohistochemistry was performed. SLN results were compared with the complete lymphadenectomy specimen. Over 3.5 years, 90 patients were identified who underwent SLN mapping and subsequent complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. At least one SLN was detected in 79 (88%) patients. The median number of SLNs removed was 2.0. Para-aortic SLNs were detected in 7%. Final pathology showed 67% Type I tumors, 76% locally confined. The mean number of lymph nodes removed during complete lymphadenectomy was 21. In this series, only 6 patients had lymph node metastases. 5/6 were identified by the described SLN approach resulting in 83.3% sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 98.7%. Our approach permits immediate intraoperative results and helps guide the primary surgery. The immediate SLN work-up using frozen sections showed both high accuracy and negative predictive value. The comparably lower sensitivity may be related to the low number of patients with positive lymph nodes (7.6%).
Pulse Characteristics of a Direct Antenna Modulation Transmitter

Direct antenna modulation (DAM) methods using time-varying matching networks offer the possibility to reduce the detrimental effects on broadband signal transmission from a narrowband antenna. We propose time- and frequency-domain models for the effects of a DAM scheme for the transmission of ON–OFF-keyed RF signals and test the validity of the proposed models through over-the-air measurements at 27.12 MHz. Random bit sequences are transmitted separately using both a switched-mode DAM transmitter and a conventional transmitter and received in the far field. Comparison of measured data with our frequency-domain models shows that the DAM transmission method partially removes the effects of narrowband filtering due to the transmit antenna. Models and measurements also demonstrate that the removal of this filter improves the signal quality as observed in eye diagrams of the demodulated received signals. Finally, a simple time-domain model of the DAM transmitter is shown to predict the radiated transient signal under varying synchronization conditions.
Accurate Rotational Constants, Frequencies, and Wavelengths from 12C16O2 Lasers Stabilized by Saturated Absorption

New experimental measurements of the frequency separations of 30 pairs of 12C16O2 laser lines in the 10.4 µm band and 26 pairs in the 9.4 µm band have been made with lasers stabilized to Lamb-dip-type resonances observed in the 4.3 µm fluorescent radiation. The use of a Josephson junction as the frequency mixing element simplified the measurements. Uncertainties in existing rotational constants for the laser vibrational levels were reduced 20 to 30 times and an additional rotational constant, Hv was determined for the first time. Frequency and wavelength tables with estimated uncertainties are calculated for both bands with the new constants.
Avirulins, a Novel Class of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Effective in the Female Reproductive Tract Mucosa.

While extensive research efforts have decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissions and mortalities, new challenges have arisen in the fight to eradicate HIV. Drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy threatens infected individuals, while the prevalence of heterosexual transmission creates an urgent need for therapies effective in the female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosa. We screened a library of 2095 small molecule compounds comprising a unique chemical space, purchased from Asinex Corporation, for antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain BaL and identified several molecular representatives of a unique class of HIV-1 inhibitors, which we termed “Avirulins.” We determined that Avirulins were active against clinical isolates of HIV-1 from genetically variant subtypes, several of which have reduced sensitivity to other antivirals. Avirulins displayed specific dose-dependent inhibition of the HIV-1 drug target, reverse transcriptase (RT). Avirulins were effective against several nucleoside RT-inhibitor resistant strains of HIV-1, as well as one nonnucleoside RT-inhibitor resistant strain containing a 106A mutation, suggesting a noncompetitive mechanism of action. Drugs, which are damaging to the FRT, can increase the risk of HIV-1 transmission. We therefore explored the cytotoxicity of Avirulins against epithelial cells derived from the FRT and found no significant toxicity, even at the highest concentrations tested. Importantly, Avirulin antiviral activity was not diminished in human cervico–vaginal fluid, suggesting retained potency in the milieu of the FRT. Based on these promising results, Avirulins should be valuable chemical scaffolds for development into next-generation treatments and preventatives that target HIV-1.
PUSHKIN MYTHOLOGEME – “THE SWARTHY YOUTH” IN POETRY BY ANNA AKHMATOVA

В статье рассмотрено отражение некоторых мифологем культурного мифа о Пушкине (ПМ) в художественной литературе ХХ века с целью выявления различных этапов его формирования и эволюции: от зарождения в XIX веке, превращение в средство передачи культурной памяти в начале ХХ века и средство манипуляции массовым сознанием в советскую эпоху. В результате анализа мифологемы «смуглый отрок» в творчестве Анны Ахматовой было доказано, что рассмотренные тексты ориентированы на поиски связности исторических явлений и личности писателя, отсюда мифогенность природы художественного мышления в произведениях рассмотренных нами авторов.
A kinky doctrine of sin

ABSTRACTReligious and secular groups alike have long marginalized those who practice “kinky sex.” These discourses of bodily control have been deconstructed and proven faulty. However, this proposa...
Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in an Ephemeral Fresh Water Stream in Southern Arizona

NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR1313588]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU); State of Hungary; European Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00009]
Stereotactic body radiation therapy versus fractionated radiation therapy for early-stage bronchopulmonary carcinoid.

Aim To compare trends and outcomes in early stage bronchopulmonary carcinoid (BPC) tumors treated nonoperatively with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods/materials We queried the National Cancer Database for primary (typical) BPC staged cT1-2N0M0 and treated nonsurgically with lung-directed radiation and ≥1 month of follow-up. Odds ratios were used to predict likelihood of SBRT treatment and multivariable Cox regression determined predictors of survival. Results Out of 154 patients, 84 (55%) were treated with SBRT and the remainder were treated with CFRT. Although SBRT use was 0% from 2004 to 2007, it varied from 50 to 70% per year thereafter. Propensity-matched Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed improved survival with lung SBRT (median: 66 vs 58 months; p = 0.034). Conclusion SBRT for early stage, primary BPC has increased over time and was associated with higher survival than CFRT.
Pediatric Experience with Low Dose Decitabine In Very High Risk Relapsed AML.

Abstract 1070 Background: Children with relapsed AML and organ dysfunction or fungal infections rarely tolerate intensive retrieval therapies and have a very poor prognosis. Low-dose decitabine has encouraging clinical activity for adults with AML and a favorable toxicity profile. Experience regarding the use of decitabine in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory AML is lacking. Methods: We report the use of decitabine in a cohort of children and young adults with refractory/relapsed AML, who had either failed multiple standard retrieval regimens and/or were not candidates due to prior toxicities (e.g. severe cardiomyopathy, invasive fungal infections). Patients received decitabine at 20 mg/m2 IV for days 1–10 at four week intervals. Patients who responded to therapy but had prolonged myelosuppression received 5 days of therapy in subsequent course. Results: Eight patients were treated with median age of 4 years [range 2–26]. One patient was refractory to primary induction therapy. The remaining patients were in first through fifth relapse. Five patients had at least one previous bone marrow transplant. One patient had normal karyotype, 2 patients had complex karyotype (≥3 abnormalities). Three others had unfavorable cytogenetics including monosomy 7; 5 q deletion, t(11;17) with MLL rearrangement. None of the patients had low risk cytogenetics (t(8;21), inv 16). A total of 24 cycles to were administered to 8 patients (mean number of cycles = 3). Six of 8 total patients (75%) achieved at least partial response with 3 patients (38%) achieving CR, CRp or CRi. One responder who did not meet CRi criteria had no evidence of leukemic blasts on a hypocellular marrow following the second cycle of decitabine and remained in peripheral blood remission with 100% donor chimerism for two additional months. Of the 2 non-responding patients, 1 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. In responders, best response was seen after a median of 3 cycles [range 1–4 cycles]. Of the 5 patients with prior transplantation, donor chimerism improved in the three responders by a mean of 57% with treatment. Therapy was well tolerated with neutropenia being the most common toxicity. There were only two documented bacterial infections in 24 cycles, with no fungal infections or treatment related deaths. Conclusions: Decitabine administered at low doses has activity in this cohort of heavily pre-treated children and young adults with relapsed/refractory AML. The toxicity profile is very favorable compared with conventional chemotherapy. These encouraging results warrant further investigation of decitabine in prospective pediatric studies of high risk relapsed/refractory AML. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Decitabine is not FDA approved for the treatment of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
Bacterial cell–biomaterials interactions

Abstract Medical devices have been widely used in modern healthcare, but the device-centered microbial infections still remain a significant problem and result in increased levels of morbidity and mortality for patients. Bacterial adhesion is the critical step in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-associated infection. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial interaction with biomaterial surface is important for controlling bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation and preventing biomaterial-associated microbial infection. This chapter gives a brief introduction of recent progresses on the studies of mechanisms of bacterial interactions with biomaterial surfaces and the factors that influence bacterial adhesion, then attempts to demonstrate the recent development of antibacterial biomaterial surfaces, especially on the biomimicking surfaces with nano/microstructures. Finally, the chapter briefly introduces signaling molecules that regulate the bacterial motility and adhesion genes to understand the mechanism of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from the aspect of intracellular signal transduction pathways.
On collagen fiber morphoelasticity and homeostatic remodeling tone.

Abstract A variety of biochemical and physical processes participate in the creation and maintenance of collagen in biological tissue. Under mechanical stimuli these collagen fibers undergo continuous processes of morphoelastic change. The model presented here is motivated by experimental reports of stretch-stabilization of the collagen fibers to enzymatic degradation. The fiber structure is modeled in terms of a fiber density evolution that is regulated by means of a fixed creation rate and a mechano-sensitive dissolution rate. The theory accounts for the possibly different natural configurations of the fiber unit constituents and the ground substance matrix. It also generalizes previous theoretical descriptions so as to account for finite survival times of the individual fiber units. Special consideration is given to steady state fiber-remodeling processes in which fiber creation and dissolution are in balance. Fiber assembly processes that involve prestretching the fiber constituents yield a homeostatic stress response with a characteristic fiber tone. Fiber density returns to homeostasis after mechanical disruption when sufficient time has passed.
Preparticipation Cardiac Evaluation Findings in a Cohort of Collegiate Female Athletes.

Knowledge of cardiovascular adaptations in athletes has predominantly focused on males, with limited data available on females who compromise a substantial percentage of all collegiate athletes. A multicenter retrospective cohort review of preparticipation cardiovascular screening data of 329 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes was performed. This included physical exams, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms. Female athletes in class IB sports had elevated systolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). For electrocardiograms, 7 (2%) had abnormal findings: 100% were white; 6 of 7 (86%) participated in IIC sports. Black athletes had longer PR intervals (p ≤ 0.001), whereas white athletes had longer QTc and QRS durations (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Athletes in IC and IIC sports had longer QTc intervals (p = 0.01). For echocardiographic parameters, no differences were noted based on race. However, significant differences were noted based on classification of sport: athletes in class IC sports had higher left-atrial volume indexes and E/A ratios. Athletes in class IB and IIC had increased left-ventricular wall thicknesses and aortic root dimensions. In conclusion, among one of the largest cohorts of collegiate female athlete preparticipation cardiac screening data to date, significant differences in various parameters based on classification of sport and race were observed. These categorizations should be considered when interpreting cardiovascular screening in female collegiate athletes to improve screening and guide future research.