cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptual issues and research findings on borderline personality disorder: What every clinician should know

Whereas the literature on borderline personality disorder (BPD) was once exclusively clinical and theoretical, today an accumulating body of research on the nature, etiology, prognosis, and treatment of BPD is of relevance to clinical practice. This article provides a “clinician's guide” to the empirical data on BPD. It begins with a discussion of the evolution of the borderline construct, from early descriptions of a type of patient on the border between psychosis and neurosis, through Kernberg's postulation of a level of disturbance called “borderline personality organization,” through the current DSM conceptualization. In the next section, we examine research on the etiology of BPD, focusing on genetic contributions, attachment histories, and physical and sexual abuse, after which we discuss prognosis, summarizing the results of longitudinal studies. Finally, we address treatment approaches, focusing on psychodynamic psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and integrative treatment for BPD. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigation of the low-cycle fatigue mechanism for micron-scale monocrystalline silicon films

Abstract This study investigated the cyclic and static fatigue properties of 10 μm thick, deep reactive ion etched, monocrystalline silicon films. Stress–life fatigue curves and fatigue degradation rates vs. stress curves were generated at both 4 and 40 kHz, at 30 °C, 50% relative humidity (RH). A significant frequency effect was observed, with shorter fatigue lives and faster damage accumulation rates at 4 kHz. Static fatigue was also observed with shorter static lifetimes at 80 °C, 90% RH than at 30 °C, 50% RH. Fracture surface evaluation did not reveal any major difference between cyclically and statically fatigued devices. These experimental results confirm that the fatigue of micron-scale silicon is not purely mechanical. The study also proposes a fatigue scenario based on time-dependent subcritical crack growth to account for the low-cycle fatigue regime.
Right ventricular systolic function in adolescents and young adults after mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries

This study evaluates long-term ( > 10 years since surgery) right ventricular (RV) systolic function in patients who had previously undergone intraatrial baffle surgery for transposition of the great arteries. Studies suggest these patients are clinically stable and lead satisfactory lifestyles, but long-term ventricular performance is not known. Radionuclide angiocardiography was used to estimate RV ejection fraction in 58 patients a mean of 14 years after the Mustard operation. Repeat studies were performed in 32 patients. The absolute RV ejection fraction of 0.53 +/- 0.10 in our patients did not differ from normal values. Nine patients had a value 2 SDs below normal. Repeat RV ejection fraction decreased from 0.54 +/- 0.11 to 0.51 +/- 0.11 (p 0.10 in 6. Thus, RV ejection fraction was abnormal in 9 of 58 patients (16%) evaluated > 10 years after a Mustard operation. Repeat studies demonstrate worsening in at least 6 of 32 patients (19%). These postoperative Mustard patients require continued evaluation, even in the absence of overt symptomatology.
Bioimpedance monitoring: better than chest x-ray for predicting abnormal pulmonary fluid?

Bioimpedance monitoring may aid in treating heart failure. Mean thoracic electrical impedance (Zo) is inversely proportional to thoracic fluid volume and may offer greater sensitivity for detecting thoracic fluid. Objective. Compare bioimpedance monitoring thoracic fluid detection to that of chest x-ray. Method. Prospective convenience sample. Setting. 1000 bed teaching hospital. Participants. Patients with suspected heart failure and shortness of breath. A single blinded radiologist interpreted chest x-rays as: normal, cardiomegaly, or abnormal pulmonary fluid. Statistics. General linear model with post hoc Bon Ferroni pairwise comparisons. Results. 131 patients, mean age 66.8 years, 64.3% male, with an initial mean Zo=18 ohms. There was a significant difference (p<0.0002) between patients with cardiomegaly (Zo=17.5±5.5) or abnormal pulmonary fluid on chest x-ray (Zo=17.2±4.2) compared to normals (Zo=23.4±5.4). There was no difference between cardiomegaly and abnormal pulmonary fluid patients. Conclusion. Bioimpedance measurement may detect pulmonary fluid not apparent on chest radiograph.
Combined effect of special grain boundaries and grain boundary carbides on IGSCC of Ni–16Cr–9Fe–xC alloys

Abstract Susceptibility to intergranular stress corrosion cracking in Ni–16Cr–9Fe– x C alloys in 360°C primary water is reduced with increasing fraction of special grain boundaries, i.e. coincident site lattice boundaries (CSLB) and low angle boundaries, and grain boundary carbides. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) was investigated using interrupted constant extension rate tensile tests in a primary water environment at 360°C. Thermal–mechanical treatments were used to increase the fraction of special boundaries from approximately 20–25% to between 30 and 40%. In a carbon-doped heat, further heat treating was used to precipitate grain boundary carbides preferentially on high-angle boundaries (HAB). Orientation imaging microscopy was used to determine the relative grain misorientations and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify specific grain boundaries after each interruption. After each strain increment, the same regions in each sample were examined for cracking. Results showed that irrespective of the microstructure condition, CSLBs always cracked less than HABs. Results also showed that IGSCC is reduced with increasing solution carbon content, and for the same amount of carbon in solution, the addition of grain boundary carbides reduced IGSCC still further. The best microstructure was the one consisting of an enhanced CSLB fraction and chromium carbides precipitated preferentially on high-angle boundaries.
On the experimental design and data analysis of mutation accumulation experiments

Characterizing deleterious genomic mutations is important. Most of the few current estimates come from the mutation-accumulation (M-A) approach, which has been extremely time- and labour-consuming. There is a resurgent interest in implementing this approach. However, its estimation properties under different experimental designs are poorly understood. By simulations we investigate these issues in detail. We found that many of the previous M-A experiments could have been more efficiently implemented with much less time and expense while still achieving the same estimation accuracy. If more than 100 lines are employed in M-A and if each line is replicated at least 10 times during each assay, an experiment of 10 M-A generations with two assays (at the beginning and at the end of M-A) may achieve at least the same estimation quality as a typical M-A experiment. The number of replicates per M-A line necessary for each assay largely depends on the magnitude of environmental variance. While 10 replicates are reasonable for assaying most fitness traits, many more are needed for viability, which has an exceptionally large environmental variance. The investigation is mainly carried out using Bateman-Mukai's method of moments for estimation. Estimation using Keightley's maximum likelihood is also investigated and discussed. These results should not only be useful for planning efficient M-A experiments, but also may help empiricists in deciding to adopt the M-A approach with manageable labour, time and resources.
Beef Marbling and Color Score Determination by Image Processing

Sixty steaks with various degrees of marbling and color were subjected to sensory evaluation and image processing. Marbling and color scores were assigned to each steak with USDA marbling score cards and a lean color guide. Images were recorded for each steak under the same conditions as used for sensory analysis. Steak images were processed for color and marbling characteristics. Image processing effectively predicted the lean color (R2= 0.86) and marbling scores (R2= 0.84). Image processing was an effective tool for determining USDA quality attributes of fresh meat.
Group Therapy With Homeless Women

Women's groups are a treatment of choice for homeless women who have been abused, used substances, have mental health concerns, and have suffered traumatic events that have ruptured their attachments. Women in dialogue can learn to see themselves reflected, find each other's strengths, and make advances in empathy, which can alter relational abilities. Their experiences of sharing similar traumatic events in a safe and containing environment can increase a sense of belonging. Psychoeducation and advocacy can further foster knowledge and self-empowerment. Leadership issues are important as the leader must create safety and serve as a model, but may also be used as a object of displacement for disavowed negative feelings among group members.
Targeted tissue transfection with ultrasound destruction of plasmid-bearing cationic microbubbles

The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy and mechanism of gene transfection by ultrasound (US) destruction of plasmid-bearing microbubbles. Luciferase reporter plasmid was charge-coupled to cationic lipid microbubbles. Rat hindlimb skeletal muscle was exposed to intermittent high-power US during dose-adjusted intra-arterial (IA) or IV administration of plasmid-bearing microbubbles via the carotid artery or jugular vein, respectively. At 4 days, luciferase activity in US-exposed skeletal muscle was 200-fold greater with IA than with IV administration of plasmid-bearing microbubbles, and was similar to transfection achieved by IM injection of plasmid (positive control). No transfection occurred with US and IA injection of plasmid alone. Intravital microscopy of the cremaster muscle in mice following administration of microbubbles and US exposure demonstrated perivascular deposition of fluorescent plasmid, the extent of which was twofold greater for IA compared to IV injection. Electron microscopy demonstrated a greater extent of myocellular microporations in US-exposed muscle after IA injection of microbubbles. We conclude that muscle transfection by US destruction of plasmid-bearing cationic microbubbles is amplified by IA, rather than IV, injection of microbubbles due to greater extravascular deposition of plasmid and to greater extent of myocellular microporation.
Routes to escape from an energy well

Abstract Dynamical systems characterized by the possibility of escape from a local potential energy well occur in a great many physical problems, including a rigid-arm pendulum passing over its inverted equilibrium position, snap-through buckling in arch and shell structures, and capsizing of ships. This is a thoroughly non-linear problem and has received substantial recent attention, especially using techniques based on numerical simulation. The current paper confirms much of these earlier findings using a mechanical experiment which mimics the behavior of a typical “escape” non-linear ordinary differential equation.
Three-dimensional nonplanar fracture model using the surface integral method

A computer code based on the use of the surface integral method, which represents a crack as a distribution of force dipoles, has been developed for modeling 3D nonplanar fractures. The nonplanar geometry was approximated as piecewise linear by subdividing the fracture surface into triangular elements that assume constant crack opening in the interior, and a p1/2 variation of opening along the crack front. The resulting singular integral equations were integrated using a combination of numerical and analytical techniques.
California's Cap-and-Trade Programme and Insights for China's Pilot Schemes

California's cap-and-trade programme under the Assembly Bill 32 is a key element in California's comprehensive plan for reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In China, separate local cap-and-trade pilot schemes are being developed to explore a market-based solution for addressing the country's increasing GHG emissions. The Californian cap-and-trade scheme and China's local pilots are similar in that both have been developed in the absence of a national emissions trading scheme. This paper reviews the Californian scheme and draws insights for China's pilots from various perspectives including the legal basis, institutional arrangement, programme structure, market design, the implementation process, and mechanisms for ensuring compliance.
Isolation and characterization of two isoperoxidases from tobacco tissue cultures

Abstract Two isoperoxidases (A f and C n ) from the medium of tobacco tissue suspension culture WR-132 grown in darkness have been purified to apparent homogeneity and partially characterized. C n and A f have MWs of ca 30 000 and 54 000, respectively. A f has ca 5.1% carbohydrate, but none could be detected in C n . Both isoperoxidases appear to follow simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to guaiacol as the substrate. The K m s for guaiacol are 4 and 13.3 mM for A f and C n , respectively, while both isoperoxidases have a pH optimum at 6.5. C n , is dissimilar to other isoperoxidases from tobacco tissue cultures, but A f is very similar to isoperoxidase A 3 from W-38 tobacco tissue culture.
Drug therapy: alliance and compliance.

Abstract The non-chemical aspects of prescribing psychotropic drugs are discussed as they embody and illuminate various aspects of the physician-patient relationship. Inclusion of prescribing phenomena within the framework of the therapeutic exploration, and maintenance of an alliance that permits “participant prescribing,” enhance the value of prescribing in the overall therapy program.
Use of ranked cross document evidence trails for hypothesis generation

This paper focuses on detecting how concepts are linked across multiple textdocuments by generating an evidence trail explaining the connection. A traditional search involving, for example, two or more person names willattempt to find documents mentioning both of these individuals. This researchfocuses on a different interpretation of such a query: what is the best evidencetrail across documents that explains a connection between these individuals? For example, allmay be good golfers. A generalization ofthis task involves query terms representing general concepts (e.g. indictment,foreign policy). Such queries reflect a special case oftext mining. Previous attempts to solve this problem have focused on graphapproaches involving hyperlinked documents, and link analysis tools exploiting named entities. A new robust framework is presented, based on (i) generating concept chain graphs, a hybrid content representation, (ii) performing graph matching to select candidate subgraphs, and (iii) subsequently using graphical models to validate hypotheses using ranked evidence trails. We adapt the DUC data set for cross-document summarization to evaluate evidence trails generated by this approach.
I-cell disease: activities of lysosomal enzymes toward natural and synthetic substrates.

Abstract Cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with I-Cell disease (mucolipidosis II) were assayed for a number of lysosomal enzymes using both natural and synthetic substrates. The cells from this patient were found to have very low activity for galactosylceramide β-galactosidase, lactosylceramide β-galactosidases (using two assay methods that measure different enzymes), G M1 ganglioside β-galactosidase and sphingomyelinase. Glucosylceramide β-glucosidase activity was found to be normal. Acid hydrolase activities toward many synthetic substrate were measured and all except β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase were found to be extremely low (as has been reported by others). Acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase were in the low normal range. These studies expand on previously published reports on I-Cell disease that only present data from synthetic substrates, and also report the fibroblast culture deficiencies of galactosyl-ceramide β-galactosidase (the Krabbe disease enzyme) and sphingomyelinase (the Niemann-Pick disease enzyme) activities for the first time. Those two enzymes do not have a readily available synthetic analog to assay. Acid β-galactosidase activity measured with both the 4-methylumbelliferyl derivative and G M1 ganglioside was partially deficient in leukocytes prepared from this patient. New methods for measuring 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside and glucosylceramide β-glucosidase activities are also presented.
Multimedia learning and individual differences: Mediating the effects of working memory capacity with segmentation

Research in multimedia learning lacks an emphasis on individual difference variables, such as working memory capacity (WMC). The effects of WMC and the segmentation of multimedia instruction were examined by assessing the recall and application of low (n=66) and high (n=67) working memory capacity students randomly assigned to either a segmented instruction (SI) or non-segmented instruction (NSI) version of a multimedia tutorial on historical inquiry. WMC was found to have a significant, positive effect on participants' recall and application scores; however, the use of segmentation mediated the effects of WMC to allow learners with lower WMC to recall and apply equal to those with higher WMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Welfare reform and its enduring questions: What have we learned from evaluation research?

Five years after the passage of federal welfare reform, we have arrived at a vantage point that allows members of the policy-shaping community to reflect on the knowledge that evaluation research has generated, as well as the questions that remain.
Origin of Condensation Nuclei in the Springtime Polar Stratosphere

An enhanced sulfate aerosol layer has been observed near 25 km accompanying springtime ozone depletion in the Antarctic stratosphere. We use a one-dimensional aerosol model that includes photochemistry, particle nucleation, condensational growth, coagulation, and sedimentation to study the origin of the layer. Annual cycles of sunlight, temperature, and ozone are incorporated into the model. Our results indicate that binary homogeneous nucleation leads to the formation of very small droplets of sulfuric acid and water under conditions of low temperature and production of H2SO4 following polar sunrise. Photodissociation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) alone, however, cannot provide sufficient SO2 to create the observed condensation nuclei (CN) layer. When subsidence of SO2 from very high altitudes in the polar night vortex is incorporated into the model, the CN layer is reasonably reproduced. The model predictions, based on the subsidence in polar vortex, agree with in situ measurements of particle concentration, vertical distribution, and persistence during polar spring.
Intra-sample heterogeneity of sperm DNA methylation

The study of sperm epigenetics is challenging and limited largely to sperm population estimates rather than individual spermatozoa. While this type of approach is likely sufficient for most somatic cell lines, it is problematic in a tissue where a single cell is disproportionality influential. Furthermore, we know very little about the epigenetic variability between different sperm from the same ejaculate. Thus, it is essential that we better understand the heterogeneity of sperm epigenetic marks within an ejaculate. In this study, we have performed sperm genome-wide DNA methylation analyses on single ejaculates from 20 individuals. Sperm samples were subjected to gradient separation, following which the 90% layer ('high-quality sperm') and the 35% layer ('low-quality sperm') were isolated and analyzed separately using the Illumina 450K methylation array. We did not identify any single CpG that was differentially methylated between the two fractions. In contrast, we did identify 772 significant regional methylation alterations between the two layers. Coefficient of variance analysis also revealed that, in addition to having multiple sites that appear to be differentially methylated, the 35% layer sperm population, as a whole, displayed significantly higher variability in DNA methylation than did the 90% layer. In conclusion, while the two sperm populations analyzed here do not appear to be entirely distinct, those sperm that are generally considered to be of 'poor-quality' display some consistent regions of alteration and, more strikingly, demonstrate more heterogeneity than sperm considered to be of more normal quality.
Analogical dialogue acts: supporting learning by reading analogies in instructional texts

Analogy is heavily used in instructional texts. We introduce the concept of analogical dialogue acts (ADAs), which represent the roles utterances play in instructional analogies. We describe a catalog of such acts, based on ideas from structure-mapping theory. We focus on the operations that these acts lead to while understanding instructional texts, using the Structure-Mapping Engine (SME) and dynamic case construction in a computational model. We test this model on a small corpus of instructional analogies expressed in simplified English, which were understood via a semi-automatic natural language system using analogical dialogue acts. The model enabled a system to answer questions after understanding the analogies that it was not able to answer without them.
Towards an Economics of Evaluation

This article probes the contrasting traditions of economics and evaluation and shows that intensified collaboration would benefit both professions. While evaluators have long been examining the impact of economic advice on public policy, economists have neglected evaluation both as a platform for testing economic policy hypotheses and as a topic for economic research in its own right. To encourage convergence between economics and evaluation, this article sketches the elements of an institutional economics of evaluation, considers the ongoing debate about the proper function of evaluation in society and presents cost benefit concepts and a supply demand framework to scrutinize the value and prospects of evaluation activities. Finally, it identifies performance measurement as a priority area for cooperation between evaluators and economists.
Integrating intensity and boundary information for tissue classification

A new algorithm is proposed for performing unsupervised tissue classification in medical images by integrating conventional clustering techniques with edge-adaptive segmentation techniques. Based on the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the algorithm computes a smooth segmentation while simultaneously estimating an edge field. Unlike most tissue classification algorithms that incorporate a smoothness constraint, the edge field estimation prevents the algorithm from smoothing across tissue boundaries, thereby producing robust yet accurate results. The algorithm is formulated as the minimization of an objective function that includes penalty terms to ensure that both the segmentation and edge field are relatively smooth.
Analysing repeated measures or randomized block designs using trimmed means

A well-known result is that the value of the standard error of the sample mean is sensitive to heavy tails (Tukey, 1960). In particular, moving slightly away from a normal distribution toward a heavier tailed distribution can increase the standard error by a considerable amount. As a result, methods for comparing means can have relatively low power. This problem is particularly serious in psychology because recent investigations indicate that the distributions associated with psychometric measures often have outliers and very heavy tails (Micceri, 1989; Wilcox, 1990a). One approach to this problem is to compare trimmed means instead. Yuen (1974) describes a method for comparing the trimmed means of two independent groups, and she demonstrated that her procedure can have considerably more power than Welch's test for means. This paper extends Yuen's solution to repeated measures and randomized block designs. Simulations indicate that the new procedure compares well to the usual F test using the Huynh-Feldt correction of the degrees of freedom.
Estimating block selectivities for physical database design

Access path deployment is a critical issue in physical database design. Access paths typically include a clustered index as the primary access path and a set of secondary indexes as auxiliary access paths. To deploy the right access paths requires an effective algorithm and accurate estimation of the parameters used by the algorithm. One parameter central to any index-selection algorithm is the block selectivity of a query. Existing methods for estimating block selectivities are limited by restrictive assumptions. Furthermore, most existing methods produce estimates useful for aiding the selection of secondary indexes only. Little research has been done in the area of estimating block selectivities for supporting the selection of the clustered index. The paper presents a set of methods that do not depend on any specific assumption, produce accurate estimates, and can be used to aid in selecting the clustered index as well as secondary indexes. >
No Great Expectations: The Underpinnings of Life Satisfaction for Older Women

Interviews with 30 older women (age 65-75) and 30 middle-aged women (age 40-50) revealed that, although having the same average global life satisfaction, the two groups differed significantly in salient sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction and in the aspirations on which they based their judgements about satisfaction. Health was more salient for older than middle-aged women. Material well-being was important to the satisfaction of both groups, but was more often cited as a future aspiration of the middle aged. Older women strove to maintain the status quo or prevent fears from being realized, while middle-aged women looked forward to achievements and acquisitions.
Ex Situ NMR Relaxometry of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Rapid Surface-Area Screening†

Author(s): Chen, Joseph J; Kong, Xueqian; Sumida, Kenji; Manumpil, Mary Anne; Long, Jeffrey R; Reimer, Jeffrey A | Abstract: Taking a relaxed approach: The NMR relaxation behavior of imbibed solvent has been used to estimate the surface area of a variety of microporous metal-organic frameworks and zeolites. This NMR technique is amenable to automation and can expedite the characterization of microporous materials by identifying any nonporous or low-surface-area structures. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH a Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
CDD: a database of conserved domain alignments with links to domain three-dimensional structure

The Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is a compilation of multiple sequence alignments representing protein domains conserved in molecular evolution. It has been populated with alignment data from the public collections Pfam and SMART, as well as with contributions from colleagues at NCBI. The current version of CDD (v.1.54) contains 3693 such models. CDD alignments are linked to protein sequence and structure data in Entrez. The molecular structure viewer Cn3D serves as a tool to interactively visualize alignments and three-dimensional structure, and to link three-dimensional residue coordinates to descriptions of evolutionary conservation. CDD can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml. Protein query sequences may be compared against databases of position-specific score matrices derived from alignments in CDD, using a service named CD-Search, which can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi. CD-Search runs reverse-position-specific BLAST (RPS-BLAST), a variant of the widely used PSI-BLAST algorithm. CD-Search is run by default for protein–protein queries submitted to NCBI’s BLAST service at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST.
Stability of inviscid shear flow over a flexible boundary

The stability of an inviscid flow that comprises a thin shear layer and a uniform outer flow over a flexible boundary is investigated. It is shown that the flow is temporally unstable for all wavenumbers. This instability is either Kelvin–Helmholtz-like or induced by the phase shift across the critical layer. The threshold of absolute instability is determined in the form F = F ∗(1 + C e n ) for e [Lt ] 1, where F (a Froude number) and e are, respectively, dimensionless measures of the flow speed and the shear-layer thickness, F ∗ is the limiting value of F for a uniform flow, C n = 1 in the absence (as for a broken-line velocity profile) of a phase shift across the critical layer, and C > 0 and n = 2/3 in the presence of such a phase shift. Explicit results are determined for an elastic plate (and, in an Appendix, for a membrane) with a broken-line, parabolic, or Blasius boundary-layer profile. The predicted threshold for the broken-line profile agrees with Lingwood & Peake's (1999) result for e [Lt ] 1, but that for the Blasius profile contradicts their conclusion that the threshold for e ↓ 0 is a ‘singular and unattainable limit’.
Effects of dietary fat and protein on DMH-induced tumor development and immune responses.

Abstract Although in three different mouse tumor systems with corn oil as dietary fat we previously found that milk protein decreased tumor development compared with beef, the results were reversed in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐injected mice. The purpose of this study was to determine if the latter result was due to the protein source. BALB/c mice (n = 280) were divided into five diet groups and injected 10 times at weekly intervals with DMH (20 mg/kg wt) or saline. Four diets contained 11% protein (casein, milk, or beef) and 5% fat (corn oil or beef tallow), and the AIN‐76A diet was used as a control diet. The source of fat was a significant modulator of tumor development. Corn oil markedly increased total tumor volume and the number of tumors per mouse compared with beef tallow. Its tumor‐enhancing effects were evident when it was combined with milk but not with casein. In addition, significantly lower lymphoproliferation and T‐cell cytotoxicity against colon tumor cell targets was associated with corn...
Choice and utilization of oviposition sites by female Calopteryx maculata (odonata: Calopterygidae). I: Influence of site size and the presence of other females

Females of the damselfly Calopteryx maculata (de Beauvois) initially choose the larger of a pair of adjacent oviposition sites, about 70% of the time (Table 1), or whichever of two equal sized sites had other ovipositing females on it (about 88% of the time-Table 2). These criteria for initial choice between a pair of sites also interact. Incoming females generally (57 to 74% of the time-Table 3) joined others on the small site rather than ovipositing alone at the adjacent, bigger site. When pairs of large and small sites were replicated across eight locations, there were nonsignificant trends towards greater utilization (eggs laid) of the larger of a pair of oviposition sites within locations (Table 4). The lack of agreement between initial choice and utilization shows that other factors besides size are important in the choice and use of oviposition sites. These include disturbance by males, the presence of other females and choice criteria that can only be assessed during oviposition. When all sites at the eight locations were equal in size, there was considerable day to day and location to location variation in eggs laid (Fig. 1). Viewed over periods of several days, some sites are obviously less attractive than others in terms of cumulative numbers of eggs laid at them. When the amount of vegetation was varied among locations, those with the bigger oviposition sites were used more often, somtimes significantly so, but there were also significant reversals (small sites used more often) (Table 5, Fig. 1). Thus, there is no simple effect of size on the utilization of oviposition sites by Calopteryx maculata females, despite a clear tendency for females to make initial choices based on this criterion. The considerable among and within location variation in number of eggs laid may reflect additional choice criteria or the interaction of size, the presence of other females, disturbance, and location.
RADICAL MASTECTOMY AND EXTENDED RADICAL MASTECTOMY.

Abandonment of the classic radical mastectomy is not warranted at present. Excision of the internal mammary nodes can be defended in cases in which the cancer is situated in the medial or central part of the breast, with the recognition that it is experimental. Controlled cooperative trials would do much to answer the unsolved questions regarding the care of patients with breast cancer.
Detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 among patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Yancheng area,2010

Objective To investigate the etiology of patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and clinical severe symptom in Yancheng area in 2010.Methods Enterovirus RNA with HFMD were isolated by collecting throat and rectal swabs from them and "Universal,EV71 and CA16 types" were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.Results Totally 481 patients(including 52 severe cases) collected throat swabs and rectal swabs,326 enterovirus RNA-positive samples were detected including 214 male and 112 female samples,with a positive detection rate of 67.78%.Among them,the positive samples of CA16 and EV71 were 44(13.50%) and 179(54.91%) respectively,while the untyped case was 103(31.59%).Forty-five enterovirus RNA-positive samples out of 52 clinically severe patients were tested including 33 male and 12 female patients,with a positive detection rate of 86.54%.Among these cases,32(71.11%) EV71-positive and 0 CA16-positive samples were identified and the untyped sample was 13(28.89%).Conclusion The hand-foot-and-mouth disease was basically caused by CA16 and EV71 in Yancheng area in 2010,the infection rate of EV71 was significantly higher than CA16,and EV71 was the major pathogen that could cause severe disease.
Is the Economic Impact and Utilization of Imaging Studies for Pediatric Urolithiasis Across the United States Increasing

Objective To identify longitudinal trends of economic impact and resource utilization for management of pediatric urolithiasis using national databases. Methods We analyzed the 2006-2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We used ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases) codes to identify patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with urolithiasis. Diagnostic imaging and surgeries were identified using ICD-9 and Current Procedural Technology codes. We abstracted demographic, imaging, procedure, and charge data. Weighted descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the population's demographics and economic expenditures by clinical setting and year. Results In total, 45,333 inpatient admissions (68% females) and 234,559 emergency department encounters (63% females) were identified. Most patients (84%) were teenagers and the southern region of the United States was the most common geographic region for all encounters (44%). There was no significant trend in number of urolithiasis encounters over the period studied. Utilization of all imaging techniques increased; in particular, computed tomography was used in 23% of encounters in 2006 and 40% in 2012 ( P P P P Conclusion Charges for pediatric urolithiasis management increased by 65% from 2006 to 2012 despite stable frequency of patient encounters. The utilization of computerized tomography in pediatric urolithiasis increased as well.
Geo-referenced image data assimilation for wildfire spread simulation

Data assimilation is a method to improve the state inference by assimilating the real time observation data into the systems under study. In wildfire spread simulation, the deployed fire sensors are used to collect the real time temperatures, which can be infused into the wildfire spread simulation model for improved state predictions. However, for many scenarios, the temperature data is limited due to the unavailability of the deployed sensors. With the rapid development of social networking, many other types of data, such as the geo-referenced images, can be obtained from the public websites. In this paper, we propose the data assimilation method to assimilate the geo-referenced images into the wildfire spread simulation using sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. We will show its effectiveness to improve the state estimation by the proposed data assimilation method through the designed experiments.
Studies of resilience among youth experiencing homelessness: A systematic review

This article systematically reviews studies exploring resilience among youth experiencing homelessness. We searched eight databases, and 21 articles fit the inclusion criteria and represented four ...
Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short & García, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae).

The genus Tobochares Short & Garcia, 2007 is revised. A combination of morphological and molecular data provide support for ten distinct species. Five new species are described: T. canaliculatussp. n. (Venezuela), T. canthussp. n. (Venezuela), T. emarginatussp. n. (Suriname), T. kusadsp. n. (Guyana), and T. pallidussp. n. (Venezuela). All four preexisting species are redescribed. A tenth species, known from a single female from Venezuela, is left undescribed pending the collection of additional specimens. New collecting records are provided for T. sulcatus Short & Garcia, 2007 and T. kasikasima Short, 2013. Tobochares sipaliwini Short & Kadosoe, 2011 is newly recorded from Guyana. All species are associated with seepage or wet rock habitats, although some species have also been found along the margins of streams that flow over rocky substrates. High-resolution images including scanning electron micrographs are provided, as well as a key to species and habitat photographs.
Adenosine generation limits radiation-induced tumor immunogenicity by abrogating recruitment and activation of CD103+ DCs

Radiation therapy (RT) induces release of ATP in the tumor micro environment (TME) triggering recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), including CD103 + DCs, identified as the key DC subsetresponsible for cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8 + T cells. However, CD39 and CD73-expressing cells in the TME hydrolyze ATP into adenosine that potently inhibits DCs and CD8 + T cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine generation limits the ability of RT totrigger anti-tumor immunity. Wild type (WT) or BATF3 −/− mice (CD103 + DC-deficient) were inoculated s.c. with TSA tumor cells (day 0) and assigned to treatment with: (1) control Ab; (2) anti-CD73 Ab (100 μg) (3) RT (20 Gy); (4) RT + anti-CD73 Ab. Antibodies were administered i.p. on day 11, 14, 17 and 20. RT was given locally as single 20 Gy dose on day 12. On day 18, tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry for DC and T cell infiltration. Mice were monitored for tumor progression. DCs generated in vitro by culture of bone marrow from WT mice with Flt3L (>90% CD103 + ) were labeled with CFSE and intravenously injected in BATF3 −/− recipient mice. Tumors were harvested after 48h and analyzed by flow cytometry for infiltration of CFSE+ DCs. In tumors of RT- but not sham-treated mice, anti-CD73 mAb increased infiltration of CD103 + DCs and enhanced CD8 + T cell/Treg ratio. Importantly, CD73 blockade had no anti-tumor effect by itself but significantly improved RT-induced tumor control. The therapeutic effect of RT + CD73 blockade was abrogated in BATF3 −/− mice. Moreover, CD73 blockade increased recruitment of adoptively transferred CD103+DCs to irradiated tumors in BATF3 −/− mice. Overall, data suggest that adenosine is a critical regulator of RT-induced immunogenicity.
Intron Retention as a Novel Source of Cancer Neoantigens

Personalized cancer vaccine strategies directed at tumor neoantigens derived from somatic mutations in the DNA are currently under prospective evaluation. Alterations in tumor RNA, rather than DNA, may also represent a previously-unexplored source of neoantigens. Here, we show that intron retention, a widespread feature of cancer transcriptomes, represents a novel source of tumor neoantigens. We developed an in silico approach to identify retained intron neoantigens from RNA sequencing data and applied this methodology to tumor samples from patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade, discovering that the retained intron neoantigen burden in these samples augments the DNA-derived, somatic neoantigen burden. We validated the existence of retained intron derived neoantigens by implementing this technique on cancer cell lines with mass spectrometry-derived immunopeptidome data, revealing that retained intron neoantigens were complexed with MHC I experimentally. Unexpectedly, we observed a trend toward lack of clinical benefit from immune checkpoint blockade in high retained intron load-tumors, which harbored transcriptional signatures consistent with cell cycle dysregulation and DNA damage repair. Our results demonstrate the contribution of transcriptional dysregulation to the overall burden of tumor neoantigens, provide a foundation for augmenting personalized cancer vaccine development with a new class of tumor neoantigens, and demonstrate how global transcriptional dysregulation may impact selective response to immune checkpoint blockade.
Improving the Efficiency of the Two-stage Shrinkage Estimators Using Bootstrap Methods

In this paper, the applications of bootstrap methods in two-stage shrinkage estimation are discussed for the estimation of the mean of a normal distribution. The two-stage procedures are useful for increasing the efficiency of estimators. It is well known that the choice of the shrinkage factor plays an important role in related estimation procedures. In particular, the efficiency of the shrinkage estimator depends on the choice of shrinkage factor. The bootstrap methodology, due to its generality, is a useful tool in estimation problems. Therefore, in this paper, we have studied the interplay between these three methodologies for increasing the efficiency of the estimators of the normal mean. To our knowledge, such studies have not appeared in the literature. Further, using simulations we have shown that our methodology has a potential for controlling the efficiency of a given two-stage shrinkage estimator. Therefore, our methodology could be used effectively for analyzing the available sample data.
Review: Improving cement-based materials by using silica fume

The effects of silica fume as an admixture in cement-based materials are reviewed in terms of the mechanical properties, vibration damping capacity, freeze-thaw durability, abrasion resistance, shrinkage, air void content, density, permeability, steel rebar corrosion resistance, alkali-silica reactivity reduction, chemical attack resistance, bond strength to steel rebar, creep rate, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity, fiber dispersion, defect dynamics, dielectric constant and workability. The effects of silane treatment of the silica fume and of the use of silane as an additional admixture are also addressed.
A Field Study of Brine Drainage and Oil Entrainment in First-Year Sea Ice *

From field observations this paper describes the growth and development of first-year sea ice and its interaction with petroleum. In particular, when sea ice initially forms, there is an upward salt transport so that the ice surface has a highly saline layer, regardless of whether the initial ice is frazil, columnar, or slush ice. When the ice warms in the spring, because of the eutectic condition, the surface salt liquifies and drains through the ice, leading to the formation of top-to-bottom brine channels and void spaces in the upper part of the ice. If oil is released beneath winter ice, then the oil becomes entrained in thin lenses within the ice. In the spring, this oil flows up to the surface through the newly-opened brine channels and distributes itself within the brine-channel feeder systems, on the ice surface, and in horizontal layers in the upper part of the ice. The paper shows that these layers probably form from the interaction of the brine drainage with the percolation of melt water from surface snow down into the ice and the rise of the oil from below. Finally in the summer, the oil on the surface leads to melt-pond formation. The solar energy absorbed by the oil on the surface of these melt ponds eventually causes the melt pond to melt through the ice, and the oil is again released into the ocean.
Liberalism, Citizenship, and the Private Interest in Schooling

Schools in liberal societies are responsible for producing liberal citizens. However, if they have too robust a view of citizenship, they may find themselves undermining the view of good lives held by many pacific and law abiding groups. Here I argue against treating citizenship as an educational good that simply trumps private values when they conflict and in favor of a view that seeks a context sensitive balance between such conflicting goods. The paper explores Rawls's distinction between two moral powers as a way of understanding the character of some of the private interests in schooling.
Optimal maintenance policies for multi-level preventive maintenance with complex effects

We consider the problem of optimally maintaining a periodically inspected system with multi-level preventive maintenance whose effects are complex. At each inspection, the maintenance decision conc...
Festival “noise” and soundscape politics in Mumbai, India

ABSTRACTIssues of soundscape hold special significance in the daily lives of residents of Mumbai, India. “Noise pollution” has become an integral concept in how many Mumbaikars understand and frame auditory experiences of the city, and anxieties over sound figure prominently in public discourse, with local news media and Bombay High Court legal proceedings often fervently debating over the topic. Unlike other large cities with high ambient decibel levels, however, Mumbai’s noise pollution most visibly (and audibly) concerns sound from religious sources, most notably Hindu religious festivals taking place during a lengthy “festival season”. Close examination of this “festival noise” situation reveals a vastly intricate system involving political strategy, community imagination and labour politics.
Structure-Activity Relationships That Identify Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for Methane Activation

In this work, we leverage advances in computational screening based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) to study a diverse set of experimentally derived metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with...
Power for the Test of Homogeneity in Fixed and Random Effects Models

This chapter will illustrate methods for the power of the test of homogeneity in fixed and random effects models. In fixed effects models, the test of homogeneity provides evidence about whether the effect sizes in a meta-analysis are measuring a common effect size. The test of homogeneity in random effects models is a test of the statistical significance of the variance component, the between-studies variance. The chapter gives examples of how to compute the power for the test of homogeneity in both fixed and random effects models.
Study on wind turbine blade defect detection system based on imaging array

Currently in the process of wind farm inspection, wind turbine blade appearance inspection mainly adopts the telescope or high-definition cameras, low detection efficiency, labor intensity and the precision is limited, in order to solve this problem, a kind of wind turbine blades defect recognition system based on image array is proposed. Through the joint of array camera and image processing server, the functions of the image acquisition, processing, and defect recognition and detection results output are implemented. The software of artificial intelligence deep learning based on neural network algorithm is used to identify the defects of blade image, and output quality analysis report, to realize automatic detection of wind turbine blade surface defect. The field measurement results show that the system greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of wind turbine blade defect detection.