cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Using Inertial Profilers to Measure Ride Quality on Short Projects

The Texas Department of Transportation (DOT) ride standard specifies two devices for measuring ride quality on pavement projects: the 10-ft (3-m) straightedge and the inertial profiler. According to this specification, inertial profilers measure the ride quality on projects longer than 2,500 ft (762 m). The 10-ft straightedge must be used to survey roughness for projects of less than 2,500 ft. A study was conducted to identify the potential issues associated with the use of inertial profilers and the international roughness index (IRI) algorithm on short projects. A literature review was performed to collect required information about the inertial profiler operation and the IRI algorithm. A field experiment was conducted with an inertial profiler certified by the Texas DOT. The collected data were analyzed to investigate the effect of profiling speed and segment length. The results indicate that inertial profilers can be used to collect profile data on short segments of less than 2,500 ft, but the IRI alg...
Biochar-Amended Soil Cover for Microbial Methane Oxidation: Effect of Biochar Amendment Ratio and Cover Profile

AbstractA long-term soil column study was carried out to investigate the methane (CH4) removal capacity of landfill cover soil and biochar-amended cover soil under simulated landfill cover conditio...
Sustained remissions with CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in children with relapsed/refractory ALL.

3011Background: Targeted immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells can produce potent anti-tumor responses. We previously reported complete remissions (CR) and prolonged persistence in children and adults with relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with CD19-specific CART cells (CTL019). We now report on outcomes and longer follow-up of 59 children with r/r ALL. Methods: T cells collected from the patient were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding a CAR composed of anti-CD19 scFv, CD3z, and 4-1BB domains, activated/expanded ex vivo with anti-CD3/CD28 beads, and then infused at a dose of 107 to 108cells/kg with a transduction efficiency of 2.3-45%. 54/59 patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy the week prior to cell infusion. Results: Of 59 patients aged 20mo-24y with CD19+ ALL, 44 had detectable disease prior to CTL019 cell infusion, while 15 were MRD-. 39 were treated for relapse after prior stem cell transplant (SCT). 15 patients had ...
Torus Decompostions of Regular Polytopes in 4-space

When a regular polyhedron in ordinary 3-space is inscribed in a sphere, then a decomposition of the sphere into bands perpendicular to an axis of symmetry of the polyhedron determines a corresponding decomposition of the polyhedron. For example, a cube with two horizontal faces can be described as a union of two horizontal squares and a band of four vertical squares, and an octahedron with a horizontal face is a union of two horizontal triangles and a band formed by the six remaining triangles.
Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Surgical Technique and Long-Term Results

Microvascular decompression of cranial nerve V has become a well accepted surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. It has the advantage of excellent long-term success rates without relying on the production of a neurologic deficit.
Nonlinear H∞ control: an enhanced quasi-LPV approach

Abstract Being formed into a state-dependent linear representation, an input-affine nonlinear system can be considered as a quasi linear parameter varying plant where the parameters are actually functions of the state variables. Recognizing that a critical filament m this process is the choice of linear state-dependent representation, a technique is proposed that incorporates this design freedom into the control selection process in an optimal fashion. It is shown that the L 2 -gain analysis problem can be recast as an infinite dimensional convex optimization problem which can then be solved by gridding the parameter space. An iterative scheme similar to the DK iteration in μ synthesis is proposed to solve the synthesis problem. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
Molecular Approaches to the Analysis of Pathogenicity Genes from Fungi Causing Plant Disease

Fungi are relatively simple eukaryotes; most reproduce rapidly and are easy to grow. Fungi in general have small genomes; during vegetative growth many are haploid and some are uninucleate. In numerous cases their life cycle can be completed in the laboratory and the products of meiosis analyzed individually, facilitating classical genetics. The fungi which are responsible for plant diseases are interesting biologically and important economically. In sum, plant pathogenic fungi would appear to be excellent subjects for genetic and biochemical analysis, and attractive organisms for the application of molecular approaches to dissecting the phenomenon of pathogenesis. However, there is a disappointingly short list of examples for which we understand, even in part, the molecular basis for fungal—plant interactions. One reason is the great diversity of fungi and the many routes by which they have achieved their successes as pathogens. As a result of this diversity, no fungus has emerged as an overall model for the analysis of pathogenicity toward plants, as the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe or the filamentous fungi Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus nidulans have for other areas of cell and molecular biology. However, methods in recombinant DNA technology are making significant contributions to the study of plant diseases caused by fungi, and progress in several host—pathogen systems has been rapid in recent years. The goal of this chapter is to consider recent progress and prospects for future developments in understanding the genes which fungi employ in inciting plant disease.
An Out-of-Order RISC-V Processor with Resilient Low-Voltage Operation in 28NM CMOS

An open-source out-of-order superscalar processor implements the 64-bit RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) and achieves 3.77 CoreMark/MHz. The 2.7 mm×1.8 mm chip includes one core operating at 1.0 GHz at nominal 0.9 V with 1 MB of level-2 (L2) cache in a 28 nm HPM process. A line recycling (LR) technique reuses faulty cache lines that fail at low voltages to correct errors with only 0.77% L2 area overhead. LR reduces minimum operating voltage to 0.47 V, improving energy efficiency by 43% with negligible impact on CPI.
Contextual factors influence the selection of specific and broad types of emotion regulation strategies.

An emerging focus in the emotion regulation (ER) literature is to consider the importance of context for people's ER strategy choice, given that ER responses that adapt to situational demands have been found to be highly beneficial. However, it remains unclear what (and in what way) contextual factors impact people's ER strategy selections. Also, only a limited number of ER strategies have been extensively studied and little is known about people's selection of broad ER strategy categories (we focus on covert vs. overt ER strategies based on Aldao & Dixon-Gordon's [2014] conceptualization). In the current study, 203 participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to imagine experiencing either positive or negative emotion in various contextual settings (location: home, social, vs. professional setting × social context: alone vs. with others) and to identify from 16 ER strategies the ones that they would in general deem applicable for each context. Results showed that the aforementioned factors, in various ways, uniquely or interactively predicted the selection of specific and broad ER strategies. Furthermore, personality (neuroticism and extraversion) also influenced participants' ER strategy selection. Overall, this study underscores the importance of including diverse strategies and considering context in the study of ER strategy choices.
Sparse Recovery and Non-stationary Blind Demodulation

In this paper, we consider a general sparse recovery and blind demodulation model. Different from the ones in the literature, in our general model, each dictionary atom undergoes a distinct modulation process; we refer to this as non-stationary modulation. We also assume that the modulation matrices live in a known subspace. Through the lifting technique, the sparse recovery and blind demodulation problem can be reformulated as a column-wise sparse matrix recovery problem, and we are able to recover both the sparse source signal and a cluster of modulation matrices via atomic norm and the induced ` 2,1 norm minimizations. Moreover, we show that the sampling complexity for exact recovery is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom up to log factors in the noiseless case. We also bound the recovery error in terms of the norm of the noise when the observation is noisy. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate our results.
Environmental Crime and Contemporary Criminology: Making a Difference

The current body of literature on the topic of environmental crime is bigger and better than ever, but the question of whether criminology/criminal justice scholars make a difference in this area is another matter entirely. This paper offers an interpretive view on the strengths and shortcomings in the sub-field of environmental crime, including discussion of the green criminology movement as well as various studies addressing criminal justice system responses to this complex phenomenon. Although this domain has grown steadily since the 1990s, our discipline must change its approach fundamentally in order to maximize the potential for impact. To this end, four major recommendations are directed to the field, along with two overarching messages: (a) environmental crime must move away from the fringes into the criminological mainstream, and (b) participation in this process is open to all motivated criminologists.
A review of giant correlation-length effects via proximity and weak-links coupling in a critical system: 4He near the superfluid transition.

We review measurements of alt;supagt;4alt;/supagt;He near the superfluid transition ina#13; arrangements whereby an array of weak links couple relatively larger, more bulk-a#13; like alt;supagt;4alt;/supagt;He regions. In contrast to experiments which focus on the dependence ofa#13; the superflow on the chemical potential difference across the links, these studiesa#13; focus on the specific heat of both the weak links and that of the larger coupleda#13; regions, as well as the behavior of the superfluid fraction within the weak links.a#13; The data show unexpected results which reflect a very long range coupling asa#13; well as modification of the weak link itself due to the proximity to bulk-likea#13; helium. One finds that while the three-dimensional correlation length ξ(t), wherea#13; t = |1 − T/Talt;subagt;λalt;/subagt;|, is involved in these long-range effects, the distance over whicha#13; these can be seen is of the order of 100 to 1000 times ξ(t). These results call intoa#13; question our understanding of the meaning of the correlation length at a criticala#13; point as the 'range' over which information can propagate. These studies area#13; the first to measure the thermodynamic properties of weak links for a criticala#13; system where fluctuations are important. They differ in essential ways witha#13; expectations from mean-field considerations. We compare results with other alt;supagt;4alt;/supagt;Hea#13; measurements, with superconductors and the theoretical calculations of the Isinga#13; model.
Trophoblast paracrine signaling regulates placental hematoendothelial niche

The placenta acts as a major organ for hematopoiesis. It is believed that placental hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) migrate to the fetal liver to ensure optimum hematopoiesis in the developing embryo. The labyrinth vasculature in a mid-gestation mouse placenta provides a niche for the definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation and expansion. It has been proposed that these processes are regulated by a host of paracrine factors secreted by trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the molecular mechanism by which the TGCs regulate the hematoendothelial niche in a developing placenta is yet to be defined. Using a TGC-specific Gata2 and Gata3 double knockout mouse model, we show that the loss of GATA2 and GATA3 at the TGC layer leads to fetal growth retardation and embryonic death due to disruptions in the delicate hematopoietic-angiogenic balance in the developing placenta. Using single-cell RNA-Seq analyses, we also show that the loss of GATA factors in the TGCs results in the loss of HSC population within the placental labyrinth and is associated with defective placental angiogenesis. Interestingly, we also found that this TGC-specific GATA factor-loss leads to impaired differentiation and distribution of trophoblast progenitor cells. Our study helps to define the GATA-dependent non-autonomous signaling mechanisms of the primary parietal trophoblast giant cells by which it regulates the delicate hematopoietic-angiogenic balance in the developing placenta.
Arceoaster hintei n. gen. n. sp., a late Silurian homeomorphic asteroid (Echinodermata, Hudsonasteridae)

The late Silurian Arceoaster hintei new genus new species (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) is based on a single complete specimen from the lower Hunton Group of southern Oklahoma. Overall ossicular arrangement enables assignment of the new genus to the Paleozoic stem-family Hudsonasteridae; however, Arceoaster n. gen. is homeomorphic with members of the post-Paleozoic crown-group Goniasteridae. Because Arceoaster n. gen. is a hudsonasterid, and because similar morphologic expressions are not known among described taxa from later in the Paleozoic or the early Mesozoic, similarities between Arceoaster n. gen. and later genera are homoplastic, thereby providing an example of iterative evolution within Asteroidea. The Arceoaster n. gen. specimen is associated with a rich and diverse invertebrate fauna typical of its time interval and environmental setting; nothing suggests an unusual habitat. Selective pressures leading to homoplasy are conjectural, although robust construction among extant asteroids has been associated with a defensive life strategy. UUID: http://zoobank.org/b1d8461d-7e54-43cc-8719-97304ca3fd7a
Simulation Game Outcomes: A Multilevel Examination of Knowledge Sharing Norms, Transactive Memory Systems, and Individual Learning Goal Orientations:

Background. Because computer-based simulation games are widely used in university classrooms, it is important to investigate factors which can lead to effective student team performance and positiv...
Assessment of Variation in State Regulation of Generic Drug and Interchangeable Biologic Substitutions.

Importance Brand-name drugs, including biologics, have been the primary source of increasing prescription drug spending in the US. Each state has drug product selection laws that regulate whether and how pharmacists can substitute prescriptions for brand-name drugs with more affordable equivalents, either small-molecule generic drugs or interchangeable biologics, but the details of these laws can vary. Objective To examine the variation in state drug product selection laws with regard to factors that may affect which version of a drug is dispensed. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional analysis was performed, using a legal database, to obtain information on state laws of all states plus Washington, DC, as they existed on September 1, 2019. Exposures Whether substitution was mandatory or permissive, patient consent was needed prior to substitution, patient notification of substitution was required independent of the drug’s packaging, and/or pharmacists were protected from special risk of liability for substitution. Main Outcomes and Measures For small-molecule and biologic drugs, descriptive statistics were generated for the 4 exposure variables. In addition, for small-molecule drugs, a generic substitution score with a maximum of 1 point was assigned for each exposure variable (range, 0-4 points), with higher scores indicating regulatory requirements limiting substitution. Results This cross-sectional analysis of the generic drug substitution regulations in the 50 US states and Washington, DC, found that for small-molecule drugs, 19 states required pharmacists to perform generic substitution; 7 states and Washington, DC, required patient consent; 31 states and Washington, DC, mandated patient notification independent of the drug’s packaging, and 24 states did not explicitly protect pharmacists from greater liability. Nine states and Washington, DC, had a generic substitution score for small-molecule drugs of 3 or higher, and 45 states had more stringent requirements for interchangeable biologic substitution, most commonly mandatory physician notification. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that there is a need for optimizing state drug product selection laws to promote generic and interchangeable biologic substitution, which may help improve medication adherence and reduce drug spending.
Factors Associated with Novice General Education Teachers' Preparedness to Work with Multilingual Learners: A Multilevel Study.

This study examined factors linked to novice general education teachers’ perception of their preparedness to work with multilingual learners in the classroom. Using a multilevel modeling approach, ...
On the Elemental Impact Factor, a Method to Determine an Alloy's Compositional Influences upon Phase Stability and Metallurgical Material Properties.

Design-driven materials engineering is gaining wider acceptance with the advancement and refinement of commercially available thermodynamic software as well as enhanced computing power. Computationally designed materials are a significant improvement over the more common and resource-intensive experimental approach to materials design by way of trial and error. While not entirely eliminating experimental methods for alloy design, thermodynamic and kinetic models provide accurate predictions of phases within a given alloy, which enables material properties to be calculated. Accordingly, the present paper introduces a new technique that offers a systematic method of material design by way of utilizing commercial computational software, which has been termed the elemental impact factor. In turn, the present manuscript considers Al 6061 as a proof-of-concept metallic alloy system for elemental impact factor substantiation. Effects of chemical composition on resultant equilibrium and metastable material phases as well as properties can be efficiently assessed with the elemental impact factor framework for metallurgical materials design. Desired phases or properties may be produced by adding elements with a positive elemental impact factor, while deleterious phases or undesired properties may be reduced by adding elements with a negative elemental impact factor. Therefore, the elemental impact factor methodology was presented and then demonstrated herein with examples that showcase the technique’s potential applications and utility for integrated structure-processing-property-performance analysis.
Predictors of Response to an Evidence-Based Behavioral Cancer Pain Management Intervention: An Exploratory Analysis From a Clinical Trial.

Abstract Context Interventions that teach patients cognitive and behavioral strategies for managing cancer pain have demonstrated effectiveness. Systematic reviews of such interventions call for research to inform their implementation in practice, including investigations into which patients are most likely to benefit. Objectives We aimed to identify predictors of response to an evidence-based behavioral intervention for cancer pain, pain coping skills training (PCST). Methods We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized noninferiority trial comparing in-person to videoconference-based PCST. Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated the adjusted associations of patient characteristics with clinically meaningful reductions (≥30%) in pain severity and pain interference. Results Of the 178 patients who were randomized, 135 completed at least one follow-up assessment and were included in this analysis. Proportions of patients experiencing reductions in pain severity and pain interference were 34% and 46%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, education level was associated with a reduction in pain severity (adjusted relative risk, some college or technical school vs. college or higher: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.93). Patients with colorectal cancer were 61% more likely to experience a reduction in pain interference than patients with breast cancer (95% CI:1.21-2.34). Marital status was also statistically significantly associated with pain interference reduction, with married patients less likely to experience a reduction in pain interference (adjusted relative risk, married vs. not: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98). Conclusion Our findings elucidate several subgroups of patients who may be especially likely to benefit from PCST, informing both targeted implementation efforts and opportunities to improve delivery for diverse patients.
Early, empiric high-dose leucovorin rescue in lymphoma patients treated with sequential doses of high-dose methotrexate

In patients exposed to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX; >1g/m2) with a history of elevated methotrexate (MTX) concentrations during previous doses, it is unclear whether prescribing high-dose leucovorin (HDLV) rescue limits future high levels or reduces the likelihood of acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective, single-center study longitudinally followed adult lymphoma patients treated with HDMTX between 1/1/2011 and 10/31/2017 from diagnosis until 30 days after the last HDMTX dose. Endpoints included elevated MTX concentrations at 48 h (>1.0 μmol/L) and incident AKI after each HDMTX dose. The 321 included patients had a median (IQR) age of 65 (57, 72) years, 190 (59%) were male, and 293 (91%) were Caucasian. There were 1558 HDMTX doses [median (IQR) 3 (2, 6) doses per patient] prescribed with 265 (83%) patients receiving more than one MTX dose. Those receiving HDLV rescue were more likely to have an elevated MTX concentration after that dose (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.75-4.11, p < 0.001). Receiving HDLV rescue was associated with a greater likelihood of AKI after MTX (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.38-3.43, p < 0.001). Hospital LOS was longer in those prescribed empiric HDLV rescue after MTX than those prescribed standard leucovorin with an estimated difference of 1.1 days, (95% CI: 0.5-1.7, p < 0.001). Sequential HDMTX doses are associated with a significant incidence of elevated MTX levels and AKI during lymphoma management. HDLV rescue prescribed during subsequent MTX doses in patients with a previously elevated level was not associated with improved safety outcomes. The optimal supportive care strategy following HDMTX administration requires further investigation.
Forage Characteristics and Grazing Preference of Cover Crops in Equine Pasture Systems.

Abstract Cover crops are commonly used to provide environmental benefits and can extend the grazing season, but have not been explored in horse pastures. The objectives of this research were to evaluate forage mass, forage nutrient composition, and preference of annual ryegrass, winter rye, berseem clover, purple top turnip, and daikon radish under horse grazing. Cover crops were seeded in monoculture and mixtures in August 2018 and 2019 as a randomized complete block with four replicates and grazed by four adult horses. Prior to grazing, forages were sampled to determine herbage and root mass and nutrient composition. After grazing, forages were visually assessed for the percentage of removal on a scale of 0 to 100% to estimate preference. Data was analyzed using an analysis of variance and linear regression; significance was set at P ≤ .05. Berseem clover was the lowest producing forage (590 to 1,869 kg ha−1 dry matter; P ≤.001), while minimal differences in herbage mass were observed among the other cover crops. All forages met digestible energy (>2.17 Mcal kg−1) and crude protein (>19%) requirements for idle, adult horses. Berseem clover was most preferred (>73% removal) while turnip and radish were the least preferred (
Functional Morphology of the Neurohormonal System in Myocardial Infarction

It is known that the hormones of neurosecretory cells (ADH vasopressin) and adrenal cortex (gluco- and mineralocorticoids) have a direct influence on blood vessels and the myocardium. In the present research the morphologic state of the hypothalamohypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) and the adrenal cortex (AC) of 80 men who died at different periods after the onset of myocardial infarction (1 day-1,5 months) were studied. In one-third of the cases, sodium and potassium in the blood (plasma and erythrocytes) were examined in the course of the disease. Our research shows that myocardial infarction is accompanied by strong activation of the HHNS and AC. It is displayed: (1) in a tendency to reduced noradrenaline content in the hypothalamus (biochemical research in 12 cases); (2) in a rise of neurosecretory activity (especially of the supraoptic nucleus, SON) shown by morphometric, morphologic, and histoenzymologic tests; and (3) in a hypertrophy of corticotropic cells, with an increase of histamine concentration in the gland (as judged by the number of mast cells in the adeno- and neurohypophysis). In the AC, an increase of synthetic and secretory function, with an increased activity of steroidogenic enzymes (3β-ol, NADP) and a predominance of dark cells with prominent cytoplasmic RNA, were observed. If myocardial infarction was complicated by decompensation (20 cases), a high activity of the HHNS was found, with multiple small vacuoles in the secretory cells of the SON. Their appearance clearly corresponded to the rise of Na+ and the fall of K+ in the erythrocytes. In the above cases one invariably saw a hypertrophy of the zona glomerulosa of the AC which produces aldosterone. No exhaustion of the neurohormonal system was observed in myocardial infarction.
A simulator study on the controllability of steering systems with reduced maximum steering wheel angle

Active Front Steering shows that with a variable gear ratio, it is possible to reduce the maximum steering wheel angle from zero position to lock to approximately +- 360°. Compared to a conventional power steering system, this is a reduction of about 40%. With technologies like reliable electric power steering or steer-by-wire coming to the market, it is possible to reduce the maximum steering angle even further. To assess the controllability of further reduced maximum steering angles, a driving simulator study with two different steering systems with reduced total steering wheel angle is conducted with 36 experienced normal drivers. The steering systems are modelled within Matlab/Simulink and are integrated into the simulator on a real time target. The steering wheel is controlled by a synchronous AC motor providing up to 24 Nm of steering wheel torque. One system is an adapted conventional steering system without variable gear ratio and a maximum steering wheel angle of +- 180°. The other system employs the advantages of a steer-by-wire system and uses a PID-controller to regulate the vehicles yaw rate proportional to the steering angle. The steering wheel torque is proportional to yaw rate, lateral acceleration and vehicle velocity. The maximum steering angle is set to +- 90°. Both systems are benchmarked with a conventional steering system with a steering wheel travel from zero to lock of +- 600°. For all three systems subjective measurements to evaluate the steering feel and objective measurements, e.g. lane keeping quality to evaluate the controllability, are taken. The study shows that there is a limitation regarding the reduction of the steering wheel stroke between +-180 and +-90°, as the system with a maximum steering angle of +-90° performs worst regarding overall controllability. Furthermore it showed that the system with a limited maximum steering angle of +-180° performed best with respect to subjective steering feel.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma in the body of the uterus

Abstract Two personal observations of primary squamous cell carcinoma in the body of the uterus are recorded and added to the very scanty international literature on the subject. Squamous cell cancer cannot develop directly from the cylindrical epithelium of the endometrium. There must first occur as a connecting link a change from the cylindrical into pavement epithelium. This metaplasia may be either the result of certain conditions acquired during the lifetime of the individual, or it may be the expression of a faulty embryonic development. Both these etiologic factors are discussed briefly. The treatment is by operation rather than by radiotherapy.
Secretagogue-coupled changes in the expression of glutamine/glutamic acid-rich proteins (GRPs). Isoproterenol induces changes in GRP transcript expression and changes in isoforms secreted.

Glutamine/glutamic-acid rich proteins (GRPs) are a family of rat submandibular gland acinar proteins which are secreted in response to beta-adrenergic agonists such as isoproterenol. Two forms of GRP transcripts have been identified by isolating plasmids containing cDNAs which code for two distinct GRPs, termed GRP-Ca and GRP-Cb. GRP-Ca and GRP-Cb have identical sequences up to nucleotide 670. This is followed by a unique 90- (GRP-Ca) or 95- (GRP-Cb) base pair element. Both forms have common 3‘ nucleotide sequences, although the GRP-Cb stop codon is 27 base pairs further 3‘ from the start site of transcription. Systemic exposure to isoproterenol results in a decrease in the relative steady-state level of GRP-Ca transcripts within 24 h, whereas GRP-Cb message increases after several days of isoproterenol treatment. The demonstration that secretagogues such as isoproterenol can modulate changes in salivary protein expression suggests that the machinery responsible for exocytosis is functionally coupled to the cellular apparatus involved in acinar protein production.
Graft arterial stenosis in kidney en bloc grafts from very small pediatric donors: incidence, timing, and role of ultrasound in screening.

In previous studies with different donor selection criteria and noncontemporary surgical techniques, graft arterial stenosis (GAS) has been reported to occur more frequently in adult recipients of pediatric en bloc renal allografts (EBKT) as compared to single adult donor allografts. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of GAS within our EBKT recipient population and to evaluate clinical and imaging features of those cases with GAS. In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 182 EBKT performed at a single institution. We identified cases of suspected GAS based on clinical factors, lab results, and noninvasive imaging. Diagnosis of GAS was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. Two EBKT recipients (1.1% of 182) had angiographically confirmed GAS at 2.5 and 4.5 months after transplant. In both cases, the stenoses were short segment within the proximal (perianastomotic) donor aorta, color Doppler ultrasound demonstrated peak systolic velocities of >400 cm/s, and poststenotic parvus tardus waveforms were present. Both patients underwent angioplasty and demonstrated postintervention improvement in renal function and blood pressure. Restenosis did not occur during follow up. In conclusion, recipients of EBKT have a low incidence of GAS, similar to the lowest reported for adult single allografts.
Hemocytic neoplasia in the Chilean oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) cultured in the south of Chile: New record

A neoplasic condition in the Chilean oyster Tiostrea chilensis is described. The condition is characterized by the infiltration and replacement of enlarged, atypical, and mitotically-active cells, apparently of hemocytic origin. The etiology of Tiostrea chilensis neoplasia remains uncertain.
Functional equations for orbifold wreath products

Abstract We present generating functions for extensions of multiplicative invariants of wreath symmetric products of orbifolds presented as the quotient by the locally free action of a compact, connected Lie group in terms of orbifold sector decompositions. Particularly interesting instances of these product formulas occur for the Euler and Euler–Satake characteristics, which we compute for a class of weighted projective spaces. This generalizes results known for global quotients by finite groups to all closed, effective orbifolds. We also describe a combinatorial approach to extensions of multiplicative invariants using decomposable functors that recovers the formula for the Euler–Satake characteristic of a wreath product of a global quotient orbifold.
Mapping of the Biological Resources of the Continental Shelf

Distribution patterns of the penaeid shrimp and demersal fish species are discussed based upon collections totaling in excess of 330,000 shrimp and 2,245,000 fishes. Depth related zonation reveals nearshore, mid-shelf, outer shelf, and trans-shelf assemblages. Estuary related species are particularly prominent on the northwestern Gulf shelf, while rock and reef related species are most important in the fauna of the eastern Gulf shelf. Recognizable elements in the shelf fauna also include species of tropical affinity; open ocean and upper slope species; inhabitants of seagrass beds, mangrove swamps, and carbonate rubble and shell hash; burrowers in soft bottoms; and inhabitants of the upper water column. The eastern Gulf shelf is inhabited by twice as many fish species and eight times as many unique species as the northwestern shelf, reflecting the great diversity of habitat types in the eastern Gulf. A few key species numerically dominate the ichthyofauna of the northwestern shelf, but dominance is spread through many species in the east. Seasonal shifts in species density primarily reflect inshore/offshore seasonal migrations of estuary related species, but seasonal inshore/offshore density shifts are also observed among the true shelf residents. Trophically the shelf systems are supported by precipitated plankton and organic detritus derived from rivers, bays and estuaries, seagrass beds, and mangrove swamps, although attached algae are also important producers in the east. Mollusks, polychaetes, and small crustaceans which feed upon this material, in turn, support the demersal fish communities whose species are generally short-lived. Larger longlived predators are mostly seasonal migrants which appear in the northern Gulf during the warmer months. Bottom-feeding generalists are prominent in the northwest, while specialists are in great evidence in the east. These distributional studies lay the foundation for understanding the shelf ecological systems, and they also provide a basis for informed management decisions.
The Effect of an Egg Breakfast on Satiety in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an egg breakfast on lunchtime energy intake in children (age 4–6 years) and adolescents (age 14–17 years).Methods: In 2 randomized crossover trials, participants received either an egg breakfast or an isocaloric bagel breakfast. In both trials, subsequent lunchtime energy intake was the primary outcome. The trial with adolescents also measured each participant's serum ghrelin, serum peptide YY (PYY), and self-assessment of appetite rated using a visual analog scale.Results: Lunchtime food intakes after egg and bagel breakfasts were not significantly different for either age group. Visual analog scale ratings of hunger and satiety were also not different between the 2 treatments in adolescents. Consumption of the egg breakfast led to a significant increase in serum PYY levels (p = 0.0001) in adolescents. However, increased levels of PYY were not correlated with reduced food intake.Conclusion: Short-term food intake in children and adolescents is not differentially alte...
Optical fiber-based measurement of ultra-small mode volume and a high quality factor in a photonic crystal microcavity

Using an optical fiber taper that simultaneously probes the spectral and spatial properties of resonant cavity modes, two-dimensional Si photonic crystal microcavities with a quality factor Q = 40,000 and modal volume Veff = 0.9(lambda/n)3 are experimentally demonstrated
Frequency and mean free path dependence of electronic attenuation in indium

Abstract The electronic attenuation for propagation normal to (111) in indium has been measured over a wide range of frequency and mean free path. Its ql dependence is found to differ markedly from the Pippard free electron expression.
Organizing Asian-American Labor: The Pacific Coast Canned-Salmon Industry, 1870-1942

Maps and Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Spawning Grounds 2. "Satisfaction in Every Case": Cannery Work and the Contract System 3. Cannery Communities, Cannery Lives 4. Competitors for the Chinese 5. "Fecund Possibilities" for Issei and Nisei 6. From Factionalism to "One Filipino Race" 7. Indispensable Allies 8. A Fragile Alliance Conclusion Appendix Notes Index
Influence of neonatal cochlear removal on the development of mouse cochlear nucleus. II. Dendritic morphometry of its neurons.

Right cochleae were aspirated from 6-day-old mice to determine the influence of cochlear integrity on the dendritic development of neurons within cochlear nucleus (CN). At 45 days of age, cochlear destruction was confirmed histologically and the brains were stained by the Golgi-Cox method to permit dendritic morphometry in CN ipsilateral (deafferented) and contralateral (normal) to the neonatally lesioned cochleae. The dendritic field cross-sectional area of ventral CN bushy cells was reduced on the deafferented side, as was the total dendritic length of stellate cells throughout ventral and dorsal CN. The neonatal deafferentation had no statistically significant effect on the total dendritic length of those dorsal CN fusiform cells that developed. These dendritic changes are interpreted as lack of development due to the loss of auditory nerve afferents during a critical period of development and indicate that any congenital pathology that compromises the cochlear sensorineural structures may lead to central auditory abnormalities as well.
Clinical significance of serum acid phosphatase levels in advanced prostatic carcinoma

This cooperative study was sponsored by the National Prostatic Cancer Project to determine the usefulness of serum acid phosphatase levels as a predictive indicator with regard to performance status, sites of metastases, response to treatment, and survival in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. The results indicate that survival was significantly shorter for those patients who had elevation of thier on-study (pretreatment) total serum acid phosphatase ler cent reduction of primary tumor mass, relief of pain, and acid phosphatase activity. No correlation could be demonstrated between serum acid phosphatase and performance status, site of metastases, and other criteria of response to therapy. It is concluded that this test as currently determined spectrophotometrically at this stage of disease and if employed alone is not sufficient to allow for total evaluation of the response of therapy. It is, however, helpful when used in correlation with the previously mentioned positive factors.
Erythropoietin (EPO) levels in fetal rats after ritodrine and terbutaline administration.

Abstract Beta-2 sympathomimetics, such as terbutaline, hare been shown to alter erythropoietin (EPO) secretion in animal studies. More recently introduced sympathomimetics, such as ritodrine, have been extensively used to inhibit uterine contractions in preterm labor. It has not been determined what effect ritodrine may have on EPO production. We investigated the effect of RD administered to rats in the last day of gestation on the dam and the fetuses′ levels of EPO. Rats at the 20th day of gestation were given, under anesthesia, either 3000 μg/kg ritodrine over a 10-min period or a similar volume of saline as control (CTL). Fetuses were removed at 0 and 4 h after injection. Ritodrine administration produced a decrease of dam EPO (23.4 ± 4.2 to 12.0 ± 2.9 pmol/ml), while the CTL showed no changes. The fetuses from the ritodrine-injected dams exhibited a marked decline over the 4-h period, while the CTL fetuses did not change. In other experiments 500 μg terbutaline was administered daily during the last 5 days of rat gestation. The drug produced a significant decline in EPO at delivery time, but plasma EPO in the pups was unchanged. Blood hematocrits were comparable to those of controls. The data show that acute administration of ritodrine reduces fetal and dam plasma EPO, while long-term terbutaline treatment late in gestation alters maternal, but not fetal plasma EPO, indicating that neither drug has any direct regulatory effect on the erythropoietic ability of the fetuses.
Preparation and properties of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase of rat kidney. Comparison with the liver enzyme.

Abstract Ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) from rat kidney was prepared as a single homogeneous protein as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifuge analysis and double diffusion precipitin test. Content of pyridoxal phosphate, light absorption spectra, circular dicroism spectra, Km values, inhibitors, and electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins after reactions with group modifying reagents were similar for the ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferases of rat kidney and liver. Rates of reaction with group modifying reagents, stabilities to storage at −15°C, and stabilities to temperatures above 55°C differed significantly for the two enzymes. The liver enzyme contained two more cysteine residues than the kidney enzymes as determined by three different methods. Heating the liver enzyme at 66–67°C at pH 5.9 for 1 h decreased the thiol groups titratable by 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(Nbs2). Under the same conditions titratable thiol groups of the kidney enzyme were not decreased. Amino acid analysis revealed probably significant differences in tyrosine and isoleucine content in addition to cysteine. It was concluded that the primary structures of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferases of rat liver and kidney are not fully identical.
Unresolved Contradiction as a Condition for Promoting Socially Mediated Learning

In ‘Collaborative group work in middle childhood: Joint construction, unresolved contradiction and the growth of knowledge,’ Howe [this issue] addressed what appears to be a central, but often untested, assumption in the literature on effects of collaboration on learning; namely, that knowledge growth is achieved (primarily) through one of two means: assimilation of a relatively advanced contribution proposed by one child because it is accepted whole by others (what she refers to as type 2 joint constructions); or assimilation of a joint construction developed in a coordinated fashion by multiple children that results in a relatively advanced whole (type 1). The author considered as a plausible alternative that individual learning from collaboration can be mediated by unresolved contradiction, and this may, in the end, offer a simpler explanation than previous accounts. Reanalysis from three domains of scientific experimentation (motion, cooling, and floatation) provided ample evidence for the plausibility of an account based on unresolved contradiction. Specifically, there were statistically significant correlations between unresolved contradictions and gains from pretest to delayed posttests. The absence of an effect for immediate posttest performance, and its presence in the delayed testing condition reinforced the claim that postgroup processes are at work in fostering conceptual development. Though the specific causal chain cannot be established from this study, this work provides a promising evidentiary base for the hypothesis that the processes by which collaborative experiences operate upon and transform the knowledge of individuals is mediated by unresolved contradictions rather than the assimilation of joint constructions.
Ultrasound probe positioning to minimize the risk of recto-urethral fistula during cryosurgical ablation of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability to increase the distance between the rectal mucosa and prostate, and thus decrease the risk of recto-urethral fistula, and to improve the ability to adequately freeze beyond the prostatic capsule during cryosurgical ablation for prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The transrectal ultrasound probe was manipulated to increase the distance from the rectal mucosa to prostate in 28 men scheduled for cryosurgical ablation for localized prostate cancer. Ten patients were treated for local recurrence after previous definitive radiotherapy, and cryosurgery was chosen as the primary treatment for the remainder. RESULTS The mean (range) distance from the rectal mucosa to the prostate when the probe was securely applied to the rectal wall was 2.5 (1–7) mm, and could be extended to 9.6 (7–14) mm before the ultrasonogram quality diminished enough to impede accurate placing of the cryoprobe. The mean distance gained as a margin of error was 7.1 (4–12) mm (P < 0.001). In no patient was it felt that visualization during the freezing cycles was impaired. No recto-urethral fistula was identified. CONCLUSION The manoeuvres described here allow the surgeon to freeze beyond the prostatic capsule while maintaining a visible distance from rectal wall. The extra distance created by this manoeuvre might reduce the risk of recto-urethral fistula, and potentially improve tumour control in the posterior aspect of the prostate, based on the ability to freeze beyond the capsule to reach lethal temperatures in all prostatic tissue.
Electromagnetic Crosstalk Penalty in 2.5GB/s and 10GB/S Serial optical modules

Electromagnetic crosstalk poses a serious problem in advanced serial communication modules. This paper focuses on the primary sources of crosstalk penalty in a 2.5 Gb/s optic transceiver and a 10Gb/s optic transponder. A novel method to quantify the crosstalk penalty by observing a receiver's bit-error-ratio (BER) versus transmitter to receiver signal phase is proposed. A coupled microstrip transmission line model is also explored to demonstrate inductive crosstalk coupling.
The effect of chain reactions on the diffusion of absorbates

Abstract A chain reaction mechanism is developed that can dramatically increase the predicted diffusion coefficient as a function of coverage for thermally activated submonolayer coverages of adsorbates weakly chemisorbed on surfaces. The key idea is that when a diffusing adatom encounters another adatom it will tend to forward scatter it (due to the channeling effect of the periodic potential of the substrate lattice) thus increasing the effective mean free path. The enhancement effect can be quite dramatic at large adsorbate coverages. The formalism is essentially that of a Markoffian random walk on a lattice which allows for “billiard ball” type collisions. A general formalism for calculating the chemical diffusion tensor for an unspecified lattice is developed. The diffusion tensor is then related to the effective diffusion coefficient measured by the field emission fluctuation method. The special case of the two-dimensional rhombic lattice with two adsorbate species is worked out and shown to agree qualitatively with theoretical predictions of the coverage dependence of the diffusion coefficient with the experimental data for hydrogen and deuterium on W(110)[1].