cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the flow around a generic SUV

The results of an experimental investigation of the flow in the near wake of a generic Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) model are presented. The main goals of the study are to gain a better understanding of the external aerodynamics of SUVs, and to obtain a comprehensive experimental database that can be used as a benchmark to validate math-based CFD simulations for external aerodynamics. Data obtained in this study include the instantaneous and mean pressures, as well as mean velocities and turbulent quantities at various locations in the near wake. Mean pressure coefficients on the base of the SUV model vary from -0.23 to -0.1. The spectrum of the pressure coefficient fluctuation at the base of the model has a weak peak at a Strouhal number of 0.07. PIV measurements show a complex three-dimensional recirculation region behind the model of length approximately 1.2 times the width of the model. Turbulence properties are also reported, and the largescale turbulent structure in the near wake is investigated using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) methods. The results suggest that the more energetic modes in the symmetry plane correspond to a vortex shedding process, and the more energetic modes in the center horizontal plane are a lateral flapping motion of the wake and a breathing mode of the mean recirculation region.
Microseismic Event Location Using Multiple Arrivals: Demonstration of Uncertainty Reduction

Author(s): Zhang, Z; Rector, JW; Nava, MJ | Abstract: Copyright 2015, Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Event location is the basis of hydraulic fracture characterization using microseismic data. However, the traditional method of using direct arrival times and P-wave polarizations leads to increased error due to the large uncertainty in polarization. Due to shale's low velocity nature and the configuration of horizontal stimulation and monitoring wells, the head wave can often be the first arrival rather than the direct arrival. Finite difference modeling was used to validate the character of head waves in field data gathered from the Marcellus shale and the situations under which a head wave can be the first arrival were carefully analyzed. With careful processing, we reveal the presence of high number of head waves in the Marcellus Shale. Head wave and direct arrivals were used instead of the conventional P-wave polarization to estimate microseismic event location. A Bayesian inference program was also developed for joint event location and velocity model calibration. Validation of the developed method was performed on perforation shots and shows that using head waves instead of polarization can achieve much better resolution in microseismic event location. The application of the developed method on field data shows a more reasonable result than that provided by contractor. Our results show that the head wave can be a contributor instead of a detractor in the process of accurate event location. This will eliminate the necessity for polarization which has large uncertainty due to poor geophone-borehole coupling, multiple arrivals, and low signal to noise ratio. The developed method can effectively improve the accuracy of microseismic event location and proposes a better acquisition geometry and strategy to reduce microseismic monitoring cost and improve event location accuracy.
GfK MarketingLab – Evaluatives Pretesting in der GfK Testmarktwelt

Marketingexperten benotigen sichere und zuverlassige Entscheidungsgrundlagen. Die GfK hat dazu unter dem Begriff MarketingLab eine Reihe sich erganzender, realer und simulierter Testmarkte sowie Shopper Research-Tools entwickelt, die bereits vor der nationalen Umsetzung eine exakte Quantifizierung und Erklarung des okonomischen Erfolgs von Produktinnovationen sowie von Werbung und weiteren Marketing-Mix Masnahmen ermoglichen. Dadurch erhalt das Marketing sehr fruh belastbare Informationen uber die spatere Entwicklung und hat die Moglichkeit gegebenenfalls korrigierend in die Produktentwicklung und Marketingplanung einzugreifen.
Mechanism of delayed hepatic glycogen synthesis after an oral galactose load vs. an oral glucose load in adult rats

We have compared the effects of administration of oral galactose or glucose (1 g/kg) to 24-h fasted rats to examine the mechanism by which galactose regulates its own incorporation into liver glycogen in vivo. Liver glycogen increased to a maximum more slowly after galactose than after glucose administration (0.14 vs. 0.29 mumol.g liver-1.min-1). Glycogen accumulation after the galactose load was 70% of that after the glucose load (149 vs. 214 mumol), and the net increase in liver glycogen represented the same proportion (24 vs. 22%) of added carbohydrate after urinary loss of galactose was accounted for. Slower glycogen accumulation after galactose vs. glucose loading could not be explained by galactosuria, by differences in the active forms of synthase or phosphorylase, by end product (glycogen) inhibition of synthase phosphatase, or by different concentrations of the known allosteric effectors of synthase R plus I and phosphorylase a. Similar increases in glucose 6-phosphate were observed after both hexoses. AMP and ADP increased only transiently after galactose administration, and ATP, UTP, and Pi concentrations were unchanged. The UDP-glucose concentration decreased, whereas the UDP-galactose concentration increased two- to threefold after galactose but not glucose administration. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reaction is inhibited competitively by UDP-galactose. This could explain the decreased UDP-glucose concentration and the reduced rate of glycogen synthesis after galactose was given.
Acid phosphatase in human female genital tract, a histochemical and biochemical study.

Discussion and SummaryBiochemical and histochemical methods have demonstrated acid phosphatase activity in the vagina, exo- and endo-cervix, the endometrium, and mucosa of the fallopian tube. The enzyme is similar to that in the human prostate but the activity per mg wet weight is lower.
The Effect of Interruption on Standard Time

Abstract Intermittent interference with pseudorepetitive operations is investigated to determine the effects of interruption on the task to perform a sequence of motions. An examination is made of several assumptions which underlie the traditional measurement process to determine whether their theoretical validities support the usage to which the measurement process has been adapted. For the experiment conducted, motions were found to be interdependent. The motion times depended, not only on the work performed, but on the sequence in which the work was performed as well.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of COF-1 Phase Change from a Staggered to Eclipsed Model upon Partial Removal of Mesitylene

The kinetics of the irreversible phase conversion of covalent organic frameworks-1 (COF-1) has been investigated using time-resolved, in situ environmental X-ray diffraction (EXRD) and modeled with the Avrami–Erofe’ev model. Tightly fitting mesitylene solvent is found to be present in both the AB staggered and AA eclipsed polymorphs, which plays a key role in the phase change. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) showed the presence of discrete dipolar coupling between residual mesitylene solvent and the framework in both polymorphs, indicative of a host–guest adsorptive interaction. Binding energy calculations indicate two different adsorbed mesitylene configurations in the AB and AA phases, both with short distances to the framework pore walls to generate the observed dipolar coupling. The mechanism of phase change has been illustrated using molecular dynamics simulations and was found to be a displacive transition from AB staggered to AA eclipsed COF-1 structures, which was made possible due to low in-plane shear m...
Configuring the Deep Impact AutoNav System for Lunar, Comet and Mars Landing

JPL’s autonomous onboard optical navigation system – AutoNav which has been responsible for obtaining all of NASA’s close-up images of comet nuclei, is being expanded in capability to accomplish a host of much more advanced missions than even the spectacular impact with comet Tempel-1 on July 4, 2005 (Figure 1). Among the most important of these mission scenarios are those that require precision landing on the Moon, a comet, and Mars. Lunar missions, in particular, are high on NASA’s agenda; both manned and unmanned. AutoNav is being utilized at this stage as a platform for evaluating lunar landing navigation strategies, and for testing algorithms, and indeed is being extended to become an onboard AutoGNC (Guidance Navigation and Control) system, that is an integrated inertial position and attitude determination function. At the core of these strategies is the nature and form of the optical navigation techniques to be used. AutoNav is being integrated with a comprehensive system for surface modeling and landmark tracking called OBIRON (OnBoard Image Registration for Optical Navigation). OBIRON provides both the means of simulation and onboard processing for purposes of estimating spacecraft position and attitude. This paper will describe the system architecture of the AutoGNC landing configuration, and also the simulation platform that provides simulated sensor inputs to the AutoGNC system. During the landing, performance of the system was excellent, with meter-level knowledge and control achieved. This paper will provide an evaluation of these results, and the associated system and process, from trial simulated operation of the system during landings at the Moon and on a small body.
Studies on Thermal Decay of Fiber Bragg Gratings

The decay characteristic of FBG at high temperature made of high germanium-doped photosensitive fiber is studied. The experiment indicates that both temperature and time affect the decay of gratings. The higher temperature it is, the faster the grating decays. Begin with very fast decay, the speed will become smaller and smaller at some temperature and the grating is relatively stabilized. The response between reflect wavelength and temperature was experimentalized and analyzed. The experiment indicates that repetition of temperature-induced reflect wavelength changes is very good, we can impose it on temperature measure,low-temperature sensor and real time inspect at high temperature.
Interrelationship of magnesium and congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure is a most arrhythmogenic disease that is responsible for many unexpected sudden deaths. Reduction of sudden cardiac death rates among patient populations receiving long-term diuretic therapy, when given potassium- and magnesium-sparing diuretics as well as magnesium supplements, substantiates the premise that maintenance of adequate magnesium status is important in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases that predispose to congestive heart failure.
ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CITRATE CLEAVAGE ENZYME

Publisher Summary This chapter describes citrate as the main source of carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids in rat and mouse and possibly in other nonruminant animals. Citrate cleavage enzyme occurs in the extramitochondrial cell sap. The activity of citrate cleavage enzyme varies with the nutritional state of the animal. Diets high in glucose or fructose elevate the activity of citrate cleavage enzyme in normal animals, whereas only the diet high in fructose does so in diabetic animals. Citrate concentrations, expressed in μmoles per gram fresh weight of liver, are the same regardless of whether the animals have been fed regularly; starved for one, two or three days; or starved two days and then refed with a balanced diet, a diet high in carbohydrate, or a diet high in fat.
A cognitive assistant for the emergency department

Work in an emergency department is challenging for clinicians and nurses. The fast pace and the large amounts of data captured make the ED an interesting application area for cognitive support. Data from electronic health records can be complemented with sensor data to capture the rich interactions between providers and patients. This data can be used to trigger and augment reflection in-action of providers to ultimately make better decisions. By capturing the personal experience of each individual and relating it to the planned or ongoing changes in care practices, every provider can participate in the ongoing improvement of care practices.
Editor's Highlight: CCR2 Regulates Inflammatory Cell Accumulation in the Lung and Tissue Injury following Ozone Exposure.

Abstract Ozone-induced lung injury is associated with an accumulation of activated macrophages in the lung. Chemokine receptor CCR2 mediates the migration of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages to sites of tissue injury. It is also required for monocyte egress from the bone marrow. In the present studies, we analyzed the role of CCR2 in inflammatory cell trafficking to the lung in response to ozone. Treatment of mice with ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in increases in proinflammatory CCR2(+) macrophages in the lung at 24 h, as well as proinflammatory CD11b (+) Ly6C(Hi) and iNOS(+) macrophages at 24 and 48 h. Mannose receptor(+) anti-inflammatory macrophages were also observed in the lung 24 and 48 h post-ozone. Loss of CCR2 was associated with reduced numbers of proinflammatory macrophages in the lung and decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα. Decreases in anti-inflammatory CD11b (+) Ly6C(Lo) macrophages were also observed in lungs of CCR2(-/-) mice treated with ozone, whereas mannose receptor(+ )macrophage accumulation was delayed; conversely, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were upregulated. Changes in lung macrophage subpopulations and inflammatory gene expression in CCR2(-/-) mice were correlated with reduced ozone toxicity and oxidative stress, as measured by decreases in bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and reduced lung expression of heme-oxygenase-1, 4-hydroxynonenal and cytochrome b5. These data demonstrate that CCR2 plays a role in both pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage accumulation in the lung following ozone exposure. The fact that ozone-induced lung injury and oxidative stress are reduced in CCR2(-/-) mice suggests more prominent effects on proinflammatory macrophages.
Thermal and Electrical Transport Properties of High Purity Single Crystal Beryllium

Measurements of the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of a high purity single crystal of beryllium oriented along the c-axis have been made as a function of longitudinal magnetic field (up to 70 KG) and temperature (2 to 35 K). The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) as determined by the eddy-current method is about 2000. Completed results of the temperature dependent zero field thermal conductivity of this sample indicate a sharp peak of 143 watts/cm-K at a temperature of 13.5 K. The zero field electrical resistivity has a residual value of 1.85 × 10−9 ohm-cm, and Wiedmann Franz Lorenz (WFL) behavior typical for most metals is observed, with the residual plateau approaching the Sommerfeld value. A strong saturating magneto-thermal resistance is observed by 40 KG at selected temperatures both above and below the maximum in thermal conductivity. At 8.2 K, 14 K, 19 K and 25 K the thermal conductivity is observed to decrease by 73%, 65%, 58% and 51% respectively. Electrical resistivity is observed to increase by a similar factor, but the accuracy of the resistivity measurements was limited by excessive pickup in the higher field regions. Longitudinal D.C. electrical resistivity measurements give a RRR = 1750 in comparison to the eddy-current method. The same series of measurements are planned for a sample of RRR = 1000. Deviations from Matthiesson’s rule, and the field dependence of the WFL ratio as a function of sample purity will be presented at a later date.
Site-Selective C–H/C–N Activation by Cooperative Catalysis: Primary Amides as Arylating Reagents in Directed C–H Arylation

Direct C–H arylation of nonacidic C(sp2)–H bonds with primary amides as arylating reagents via highly chemoselective C–H/C–N/C–C cleavages has been accomplished for the first time. The key to the success is the cooperative combination of rhodium(I) catalysis and Lewis base catalysis, which can promote activation of inert C–N bonds in generic primary amides after selective N-tert-butoxycarbonyl activation in a highly efficient manner. Notably, this report constitutes the first biaryl synthesis enlisting common primary amides by N–C bond activation. This report also discloses for the first time the potential of generic, acyclic secondary amides as arylating reagents in directed C–H arylation. Considering the fundamental importance of biaryls and the key role of primary amides in organic synthesis, we expect that this concept by synergistic catalysis for aryl–aryl coupling will unlock broad catalytic applications.
Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides by Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma Cells and Investigation of Their Role in Tumor Cell Migration and Vasculogenic Mimicry.

Aims: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers, although there is also evidence suggesting potential for novel, AMP-based antitumor therapies. Disce...
THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY OF MYELIN AND MYELIN-RELATED MEMBRANES

Abstract. Subfractionation of purified CNS myelin by density gradient centrifugation reveals a wide variety of membranous fragments with differing morphological appearance and biochemical composition. Procedures for isolating subfractions of myelin and myelin-related membranes are described, and the morphological and biochemical properties of the fractions are summarized. Possible structural and functional relationships of the various fractions to the intact oligodendroglial-myelin units in the tissue are considered. Alterations in the subfractionation of myelin in pathological hypomyelinating and demyelinating conditions are also discussed.
Molecular mechanism of bystander effects and related abscopal/cohort effects in cancer therapy

Cancer cells subjected to ionizing radiation may release signals which can influence nearby non-irradiated cells, termed bystander effects. The transmission of bystander effects among cancer cells involves the activation of inflammatory cytokines, death ligands, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. In addition to bystander effects, two other forms of non-target effects (NTEs) have been identified in radiotherapy, as one is called cohort effects and the other is called abscopal effects. Cohort effects represent the phenomenon where irradiated cells can produce signals that reduce the survival of neighboring cells within an irradiated volume. The effects suggest the importance of cellular communication under irradiation with non-uniform dose distribution. In contrast, abscopal effects describe the NTEs that typically occur in non-irradiated cells distant from an irradiated target. These effects can be mediated primarily by immune cells such as T cells. Clinical trials have shown that application of radiation along with immunotherapy may enhance abscopal effects and improve therapeutic efficacy on non-target lesions outside an irradiated field. According to NTEs, cell viability is reduced not only by direct irradiation effects, but also due to signals emitted from nearby irradiated cells. A clinical consideration of NTEs could have a revolutionary impact on current radiotherapy via the establishment of more efficient and less toxic radiobiological models for treatment planning compared to conventional models. Thus, we will review the most updated findings about these effects and outline their mechanisms and potential applications in cancer treatment with a special focus on the brain, lung, and breast cancers.
Resonant and Nonresonant Stimulated Parametric Fluorescence Microscopy

A femtosecond four-wave mixing microscopy with polarized detection has been applied to selectively image dyes while suppressing signals from host materials. The image signal persists even after photobleaching, making this technique attractive for biological microscopy.
Realistic Network Models of Synchronized Oscillations in Visual Cortex

Stimulus-dependent synchronous oscillatory firing of populations of cortical neurons at frequencies around 40 Hz has been observed within and between many different cortical areas in primates and cats both awake and anaesthetized (for review see Singer, 1993). It has been proposed that this synchronous activity is used to group separated parts of single objects (Engel et al., 1991a; Sporns et al., 1991) and even signal visual awareness (Crick and Koch, 1990). Although there is still much debate as to the role and significance of synchrony, it is generally agreed that many cortical neurons can fire synchronously under some conditions. Therefore, it is worthwhile to discover exactly how cortical tissue generates and sustains synchronized oscillatory firing of its component neurons, both within a single column and between columns that may be located in different hemispheres (Engel et al., 1991b).
Rapid Acquisition of Unknown DNA Sequence Adjacent to a Known Segment by Multiplex Restriction Site PCR

The determination of unknown DNA sequences around a known locus has important applications in molecular genetics, specifically in genomic walking and genome mapping. Several PCR-based methods have been reported to address this issue, but they often involve multiple, time-consuming steps. We have previously described a technique known as restriction site PCR (RS-PCR) that allows sequence acquisition faster than the existing methods. The method involves PCR using four separate universal primers that are representative of given restriction enzyme sites (RS primers), and a specific primer from one end of the known sequence. We have now significantly improved the technique by mixing the four universal primers into one PCR tube with the first specific primer. This is followed by a nested PCR with the mixed RS primers and an internal specific primer, after which the product is sequenced by direct automated sequencing. The technique, called multiplex RS-PCR (mRS-PCR), is reproducible and can be used to obtain unknown sequence adjacent to known sequences in both the upstream and downstream directions. We illustrate the application of mRS-PCR in the acquisition of approximately 780 bp of genomic sequence starting from a known sequence of approximately 120 bp. Multiplex RS-PCR appears to be the fastest of all methods that address the issue of unknown sequence retrieval adjacent to a known region.
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome screening and diagnosis in the United States: A triangulation design of patient experiences

Objective Using patient-reported experiences, this study: 1) quantitatively evaluated TTTS screening trends, 2) examined screening and diagnostic experiences using a mixed methods approach, and 3) determined gaps in clinical care experiences. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a self-report, retrospective survey. A triangulation design was used to validate quantitative survey data with thematically analyzed qualitative data. Setting Participants were recruited through social media and national foundations and completed the survey online. Participants Participants were 312 women who completed a TTTS pregnancy in the United States, representing the largest survey of participants who have experienced TTTS. Methods Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were conducted. Multivariate logistic regression examined predictors of ultrasound frequency. Qualitative data were initially coded by hand and checked using qualitative software. Results The percentages of participants reporting guideline recommended screening, including identification of pregnancy type by gestational week 13 and timely receipt of ultrasounds, increased over time. However, 44.6% of participants diagnosed in recent years (2014 and later), reported that prior to TTTS diagnosis, they did not receive biweekly or more frequent ultrasounds. Three patient-reported provider practices were related to receiving ultrasounds at the recommended frequency: (1) determining MCDA status prior to gestational week 14, (2) providing participants with early warnings about the risk of TTTS to their pregnancies after MCDA status had been determined, and (3) referring participants to a Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist after MCDA identification, as validated by qualitative data. Our qualitative data revealed gaps in effective clinical care experiences among OB/GYN and specialist providers. Conclusion These findings indicate screening and diagnosis for TTTS, as reported by patients, is improving in the United States; however, further efforts are required to ensure all patients receive appropriate screening, education and a team-based approach to comprehensive and supportive clinical care.
Applications for Liquid Phase Sintering

There are several materials commercially processed by liquid phase sintering. Additionally, there are several different industrial processing techniques and property combinations based upon liquid phase sintering. Because of this diversity of materials, processing cycles, and properties, this final chapter on applications will be overview in nature. The approach is to give a brief outline of the uses for liquid phase sintered materials. In this manner the several topics introduced in the earlier chapters are placed in perspective by the diversity of applications.
Composition-Dependent Charge Transport in Boron Carbides Alloyed with Aromatics: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Aniline/Orthocarborane Films

Boron carbide films, alloyed with aniline moieties, were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from aniline and orthocarborane precursors and were found to exhibit composition-dependent drift carrier lifetimes as derived from I( V) and C( V)) measurements. For a film with an aniline/carborane ratio of 5:1, the effective drift carrier lifetimes are ∼80 μs at low bias voltage but quickly drop to a few microseconds with increasing bias. A film with a 10:1 aniline/carborane ratio, however, exhibited lifetimes of ∼6 μs, or less, at 1 kHz, and much smaller values at 10 kHz. These lifetimes are orders of magnitude longer than those in polyaniline films and comparable to those in PECVD carborane films without aromatic content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR, and ellipsometry, combined with density functional theory (DFT)-based cluster calculations, indicate that aniline and orthocarborane moieties are largely intact within the films. Bonding occurs primarily between aniline C sites and carborane B sites, and the aniline coordination number per carborane icosahedron is ∼2 as the aniline/carborane ratio is increased from 3:1 to 10:1. This aniline/carborane coordination ratio independent of aniline/orthocarborane stoichiometry is consistent with the dependence of charge transport properties on aniline film content at high bias voltage.
The Effects of Celebrity Endorsements of Ideas and Presidential Candidates

U.S. celebrities endorse both ideas/issue positions and candidates for the Presidency. Presumably, they do this to influence their fans to agree with their positions and to support their preferred ...
Provincializing the Bible: Faulkner and Postsecular American Literature

Why, in our supposedly secular age, does the Bible feature prominently in so many influential and innovative works of contemporary U.S. literature? More pointedly, why would a book indelibly allied with a long history of institutionalized oppressions play a supporting role—and not simply as an object of critique—in a wide variety of landmark literary representations of marginalized subjectivities? The answers to these questions go beyond mere playful re-appropriations or subversive resignifications of biblical themes, figures, and forms. This book shows how certain contemporary authors invoke the Bible in ways that undermine clear distinctions between "subversive" and "traditional"—indeed, that undermine clear distinctions between "secular" and "sacred." By tracing a key source of such complex literary invocations of the Bible back to William Faulkner’s major novels, Provincializing the Bible argues that these literary works, which might be termed postsecular, ironically provincialize the Bible as a means of reevaluating and revalorizing its significance in contemporary American culture.
A New Test for Categorical Perception.

Synthetic speech stimuli, which varied along a continuum defined in terms of the relative onset time of the first formant, and which are characteristically associated with the phonemes /do/ and /to/, were presented to two groups of Ss for labelling. The stimuli presented to each group were identical except for a one-step shift on the stimulus continuum. It was found that the response probabilities over the stimuli common to the two stimulus sets were essentially identical for the two groups. The Ss did not evidence a shift in labelling judgments concomitant with a shift on the stimulus continuum. Since this would not be expected to occur in a situation in which Ss were simply partitioning the continuum psychophysically, it is concluded that categorical perception was observed and that the stimulus-shift paradigm may be a new technique for isolating the categorical perception effect.
Methods for verification of 3D printed anatomic model accuracy using cardiac models as an example.

Medical 3D printing has brought the manufacturing world closer to the patient’s bedside than ever before. This requires hospitals and their personnel to update their quality assurance program to more appropriately accommodate the 3D printing fabrication process and the challenges that come along with it. In this paper, we explored different methods for verifying the accuracy of a 3D printed anatomical model. Methods included physical measurements, digital photographic measurements, surface scanning, photogrammetry, and computed tomography (CT) scans. The details of each verification method, as well as their benefits and challenges, are discussed. There are multiple methods for model verification, each with benefits and drawbacks. The choice of which method to adopt into a quality assurance program is multifactorial and will depend on the type of 3D printed models being created, the training of personnel, and what resources are available within a 3D printed laboratory.
Exercise as a Prescription for Mental Health

Mental health complaints present a significant burden to the healthcare system. In the United States, roughly 20% of adults experience a mental health disorder each year. Long-term adherence to traditional pharmacologic and psychiatric therapies is poor; the time commitment, cost, and pharmacologic side effects of therapy can be substantial. Physical activity as an alternative or adjuvant strategy to promote mental health and treat mental illness shows comparable outcomes in depression and anxiety treatment, without negative side effects.
Orange juice intake and anthropometric changes in children and adolescents.

Objective: Evaluate associations between orange juice (OJ) consumption and anthropometric parameters. Design: Prospective cohort study assessing the association between OJ intake and changes in BMI and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) using mixed linear regression. Setting: 2004–2008, USA. Participants: Children from the Growing Up Today Study II (n 7301), aged 9–16 years at enrollment. Results: OJ consumption was positively associated with 2-year change in HAZ in girls (mean (se)): 0·03 (0·01) for non-consumers, 0·03 (0·02) for 1–3 glasses/month, 0·06 (0·01) for 1–6 glasses/week and 0·09 (0·02) for ≥1 glass/d after full adjustment (P trend = 0·02). However, OJ consumption was not associated with 2-year change in BMI percentile (kg/m2, mean (se)): –0·44 (0·36) for non-consumers, 0·20 (0·41) for 1–3 glasses/month, –0·04 (0·34) for 1–6 glasses/week and –0·77 (0·62) for ≥1 glass/d in girls, P trend = 0·81; –0·94 (0·53) for non-consumers, –1·68 (0·52) for 1–3 glasses/month, –0·81 (0·38) for 1–6 glasses per week and –1·12 (0·61) for ≥1 glass/d in boys, P trend = 0·49. Conclusion: OJ consumption was favourably associated with height growth but unrelated to excess weight gain. OJ may be a useful alternative to whole fruit in the event that whole fruit intake is insufficient.
Strap Performance of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators After Multiple Decontamination Cycles.

The Battelle Critical Care Decontamination System™ (CCDS™) decontaminates N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) using vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) for reuse when there is a critical supply shortage. The Battelle CCDS received an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2020. This research focused on evaluating the mechanical properties of the straps as an indicator of respirator fit. The objective was to characterize the load generated by the straps following up to 20 don/doff and decontamination cycles in Battelle’s CCDS. In general, the measured loads at 50 and 100% strains after 20 cycles were similar (±15%) to the as-received controls. Qualitatively, reductions in the load may be associated with loss of elasticity in the straps, potentially reducing the ability to obtain a proper fit. However, small changes in strap elasticity may not affect the ability to obtain a proper fit given the potential for variation in strap length and positioning on the head. Regardless, prior to reusing a N95 respirator, it is important to complete a visual inspection to ensure it is not damaged, malformed, or soiled. If so, it is recommended to discard the respirator and use a different one. Similarly, the respirator should be discarded if the wearer cannot obtain a proper fit during the user seal check.
Proton irradiation results for long-wave HgCdTe infrared detector arrays for Near-Earth Object Camera

HgCdTe detector arrays with a cutoff wavelength of ∼10 μm intended for the Near-Earth Object Camera (NEOCam) space mission were subjected to proton-beam irradiation at the University of California Davis Crocker Nuclear Laboratory. Three arrays were tested—one with 800-μm substrate intact, one with 30-μm substrate, and one completely substrate-removed. The CdZnTe substrate, on which the HgCdTe detector is grown, has been shown to produce luminescence in shorter wave HgCdTe arrays that causes an elevated signal in nonhit pixels when subjected to proton irradiation. This testing was conducted to ascertain whether or not full substrate removal is necessary. At the dark level of the dewar, we detect no luminescence in nonhit pixels during proton testing for both the substrate-removed detector array and the array with 30-μm substrate. The detector array with full 800-μm substrate exhibited substantial photocurrent for a flux of 103 protons/cm2 s at a beam energy of 18.1 MeV (∼750 e−/s) and 34.4 MeV (∼65 e−/s). For the integrated space-like ambient proton flux level measured by the Spitzer Space Telescope, the luminescence would be well below the NEOCam dark current requirement of <200 e−/s, but the pattern of luminescence could be problematic, possibly complicating calibration.
Weather Modification for Use in High Plains

The users decision process on whether or not to utilize weather modification is not the same as the decision process involved in a scientific experiment. A decision to use weather modification is based on perception of the benefits and risks by the user as well as the general scientific acceptability of the practice. Cloud seeding with silver iodide or sodium chloride is observed to induce precipitation sooner than in the natural cloud and to give increases in rainfall from clouds having less than a 30,000-ft depth. Observations of hail indicate a fewer number of large stones for seeded than for nonseeded hailstorms. Crop hail damages paid were less for seeded days than for nonseeded days. More than 2,000 radar observations of precipitation cells in South Dakota in 1972 give results consistent with the idea of cloud seeding reducing the intensity of hailstorms and inducing greater precipitation amounts from smaller clouds. Revised reporting rules are being required to insure that weather modification projects do not endanger persons, property, or the environment.
Characterising volcanic cycles at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat: Time series analysis of multi-parameter satellite data

Abstract The identification of cyclic volcanic activity can elucidate underlying eruption dynamics and aid volcanic hazard mitigation. Whilst satellite datasets are often analysed individually, here we exploit the multi-platform NASA A-Train satellite constellation to cross-correlate cyclical signals identified using complementary measurement techniques at Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat. In this paper we present a Multi-taper (MTM) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of coincident SO 2 and thermal infrared (TIR) satellite measurements at SHV facilitating the identification of cyclical volcanic behaviour. These measurements were collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (respectively) in the A-Train. We identify a correlating cycle in both the OMI and MODIS data (54–58 days), with this multi-week feature attributable to episodes of dome growth. The ~ 50 day cycles were also identified in ground-based SO 2 data at SHV, confirming the validity of our analysis and further corroborating the presence of this cycle at the volcano. In addition a 12 day cycle was identified in the OMI data, previously attributed to variable lava effusion rates on shorter timescales. OMI data also display a one week (7–8 days) cycle attributable to cyclical variations in viewing angle resulting from the orbital characteristics of the Aura satellite. Longer period cycles possibly relating to magma intrusion were identified in the OMI record (102-, 121-, and 159 days); in addition to a 238-day cycle identified in the MODIS data corresponding to periodic destabilisation of the lava dome. Through the analysis of reconstructions generated from cycles identified in the OMI and MODIS data, periods of unrest were identified, including the major dome collapse of 20th May 2006 and significant explosive event of 3rd January 2009. Our analysis confirms the potential for identification of cyclical volcanic activity through combined analysis of satellite data, which would be of particular value at poorly monitored volcanic systems.
Nafion–Imidazole– H3PO4 Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Water in Nafion 115 membranes was replaced by imidazole and then doped with H 3 PO 4 to form imidazole-H 3 PO 4 complexes as proton solvent. Both the Nafion-imidazole and Nafion-imidazole-H 3 PO 4 composite membranes exhibited higher proton conductivity than the plain Nafion membrane under anhydrous conditions at T > 100°C. Although the Nafion-imidazole membranes with Pt catalyst exhibit poor performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at low temperatures (60 and 80°C) due to the poisoning of the Pt catalyst by imidazole, doping with H 3 PO 4 improves the fuel cell performance significantly due to the suppression of imidazole poisoning through the formation of imidazolium salt with H 3 PO 4 . The imidazole poisoning could also be suppressed further by replacing the Pt catalyst with a newly developed Pd-Co-Mo catalyst. The Nafion-imidazole-H 3 PO 4 membranes with the Pd-Co-Mo catalyst show performance superior to that of Nafion membrane with the Pt or Pd-Co-Mo catalyst in PEMFCs at 100°C.
Collaborative corporate social responsibility: A case study examination of the international public relations agency involvement in the United Nations Global Compact

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to examine how two, American‐based, international public relations agencies came to participate in the United Nations Global Compact. The global compact is an initiative which brings together more than 4,000 member organizations in over 100 countries to address some of the world's most pressing issues. Specifically, this paper seeks to identify: the events that prompt these senior‐level executives, as members of their agency's dominant coalition, to initiate participation in the global compact; what obstacles within the agency present challenges to joining the global compact; and how each agency integrates the compact principles into its work.Design/methodology/approach – Grunig's situational theory of publics is used as a framework to create a single, embedded case study which integrates three subunits of analysis: in‐depth interviews, and primary and secondary document analysis. In‐depth interviews are conducted with one senior‐level executive/counselor from each ...
Effect of Molybdate, Cerium, and Cobalt Ions on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on AA2024-T3 and Selected Intermetallics Experimental and Modeling Studies

The effect of Ce 3+ , Co 2+ , and MoO 2- 4 inhibitor ions on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was experimentally investigated on AA2024-T3 and selected castings containing intermetallic phases (i.e., Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Mn-Fe). All the inhibitors were found to reduce both the activation-controlled and mass-transfer-limited current densities associated with ORR. Molybdate ions were found to be the most effective cathodic inhibitors, followed by the cerium ions. Cobalt(II) ions were found to be effective, as well. The effect of inhibitors was modeled by considering three possible cases using a heterogeneous electrode model including an array of active electrodes embedded in an inactive matrix: (i) reduction of the size of electrochemically active sites, (ii) reduction of the spatial density or increase in the spacing between active sites, and (iii) formation of permeation barrier to O 2 diffusion. These models were found to be consistent with the experimental findings.
Feedback stabilization of a class of nonlinear plants using a factorization approach

The authors generalize the right-coprimeness definition by requiring only that the corresponding plant's pseudo-state be reconstructable by a two-input one-output stable observer. They obtain right-coprime factorizations for a class of nonlinear plants for which a two-input one-output pseudo-state observer is constructed. A feedback stabilization scheme is given using this observer. >
Efficacy of just-in-time plerixafor rescue for Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilization.

Background Plerixafor is a Food and Drug Administration–approved agent for improving peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in filgrastim (granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF])-stimulated patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Limited information is available on its use in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients. We describe our experience with plerixafor as an immediate rescue agent in HL patients with poor PBSC mobilization. Study Design and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the collection data of 27 consecutive HL patients at our center in whom plerixafor was added to rescue a failing PBSC collection after G-CSF and chemotherapy (26) or G-CSF alone (1). Plerixafor was added in 11 patients due to peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ counts that persisted below the threshold (>10 × 106/L) to initiate collection (median, 1.47 × 106; range 0 × 106-6.28 × 106/L) and in 16 patients due to low collection yields, who had a median yield of 0.33 × 106 (0.14 × 106-0.65 × 106) CD34+ cells/kg on the last collection before plerixafor administration. Results After a median of 2 (range, 2-4) collections with plerixafor, the patients collected a median of 1.82 × 106 (0.52 × 106-11.14 × 106) CD34+ cells/kg. The addition of plerixafor enabled 20 patients (74.1%) to reach the 2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg minimum required for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) during the same collection cycle. Subsequent remobilization in three patients with plerixafor enabled all three to reach this goal. Conclusion Plerixafor can be used in HL patients with poor mobilization as a rescue agent and boosts mobilization sufficiently in most patients in the same collection attempt, thus not only permitting ASCT, but also avoiding remobilization and the associated costs, treatment delays, and patient inconvenience.
Role of head computed tomography in the evaluation of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit with new-onset seizure.

Objective: The role of neuroimaging in children presenting with new-onset seizure is poorly defined. This study evaluates the incidence of abnormal CT findings in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with new-onset seizure and examines potential clinical variables associated with abnormal head CT findings. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 89 previously asymptomatic children admitted to Sydney Children's Hospital (Sydney, Australia) PICU between November 2005 and September 2009 with new-onset seizure was undertaken. Demographic data, clinical details and head CT findings were abstracted from medical records. The clinical significance and the impact of CT findings on acute management decisions was analysed. Clinical variables associated with abnormal clinically significant CT results were examined. Results: A total of 71/89 patients underwent head CT. Of the children who underwent head CT (n= 71), clinically significant CT results were found in 19.7% of patients and head CT findings resulted in a change in acute management in 7% of patients. Children without fever were more than twice as likely to have a positive CT scan (P= 0.049); however, a substantial proportion (6/45) of febrile children also had abnormal scans. Focal seizures were not predictive of abnormal CT results. There was a significant relationship between abnormal CT and multiple seizures (P < 0.02), and age less than 24 months (P < 0.049). Conclusion: In this highly selected group head CT findings are frequently abnormal and might change acute management. Children admitted to the PICU with first presentation of seizure who have multiple seizures and/or are aged <2 years should have immediate CT or MRI scanning.
Linear predictions and diagnosis of time-averages in a two-level model

We study the exact anomaly model of a simple two-level GCM. Linear predictions made from the initial state and a posteriori forcings are described. From the initial state alone, a linear barotropic model is superior to dependent persistence forecasts. Even greater dependent and independent skill is obtained from a linear baroclinic model, especially at short time scales. Inclusion of an empirical linear prediction for surface temperature provides only a marginal improvement, despite the significant effect that the surface temperature field has a posteriori on the atmospheric anomalies. This marginal improvement is related to the skill of the linear model in predicting the surface temperature which is the same as for predicting the atmospheric anomalies. Inclusion of an empirical parameterization for the transient eddies provides a significant improvement to the linear models. This parameterization method is also used to parameterize the baroclinic forcings in a barotropic model. The heavily parameterized barotropic model shows a significant improvement, and is comparable to the parameterized linear baroclinic model, especially for long term forecasts. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991.t01-1-00001.x
The reality of comet groups and pairs

Although the common genetic origin of the Kreutz family of sun-grazing comets has generally been accepted, there remains uncertainty with regard to genetic identity among other groups of comets whose orbital elements are nearly alike. Porter (1952) has listed a number of such groups, and Opik (1971) has made a statistical study of the orbits of 472 comets with aphelion distances beyond Saturn. Opik lists 97 groups that show similarities among their three angular elements, calculates an overall probability of some 10 to the -39th power that these similarities could have occurred by chance, and thus concludes that 60% or more of such comets fall into genetic groups containing from two to seven members. This paper explores the statistical reality of Opik's groups utilizing the Monte Carlo method of statistics as well as ordinary probability theory. The conclusion is reached that except for a few pairs, the similarity among orbital elements within the groups is no greater than random expectation.