cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A palynological study of the genus helleborus (ranunculaceae)

Abstract The pollen of 18 collections representing 11 species of Helleborus has been examined in LM and SEM, and a selected group in TEM. The pollen is 3‐colpate and has a finely or coarsely reticulate tectum in which the muri are colliculate, or, more rarely, a complete tectum which is sparsely colliculate and sparsely punctate. The three tectalmorphs probably represent a progression in the “degree of completeness” of the tectum and they are clearly related. They are, however, distinct from each other, and no intermediate forms were found that might have compromised the separation of the finely reticulate and coarsely reticulate tecta. The three tectalmorphs have an unequal distribution, the complete tectum was found in only one species (H. niger), the finely reticulate in four species, and the coarsely reticulate in six species. For the most part the pollen data reinforce existing infrageneric alignments. Palynologically, Helleborus can be distinguished from all remaining members of the Ranunculaceae, t...
Manipulating the word frequency effect in free recall

A recall advantage for common words was not evidenced when subjects generated or rated the list words on the basis of commonness and on a semantic, phonological, or orthographic basis prior to recall. Recall of the same set of words following only structural judgments of the words resulted in the usual recall advantage for common words. Results were not consistent with interpretations based only on the associative strengths of the recalled items. A process based on categorization of the words to be recalled was suggested as an alternative explanation.
Mechanical analysis of graphene-based woven nano-fabric

Abstract Tailoring and assembling graphene into functional structures with well-defined configurations has been emerging as a key way for utilizing it in many promising applications. Here we report a graphene-based woven nano-fabric (GWNF) composed of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) which are interlaced with each other in an over and under fashion. Simulation results inform that the mechanical properties of GWNF can be tuned by the weave density of GNRs. Compared with pristine graphene, GWNF demonstrates a significantly enhanced flexibility with outstanding toughness and unprecedented energy-absorption capability. Shear forces from adjacent GNRs exert a negative impact to deteriorate the stretch capability of GWNF. Through the pull-out test of single central GNR, GWNF with inherent curvatures and defects leads to a riveting inter-locking phenomenon followed by a pronounced jump of pull-out force. GWNF with a high density of GNRs reproduces mechanical properties similar to graphene via nanoindentation while GWNF with a low density of GNRs exhibits an extraordinary toughness unmatched by graphene. These intriguing mechanical properties of GWNF insinuate that it can serve as a solid building block to envisage a large variety of applications such as composites, strain sensors, and solar cells by taking advantages of the special woven structure.
Equilibrium configurations of rotating charged or gravitating liquid masses with surface tension. II

Abstract The equilibrium configurations of rotating charged or gravitating liquid masses with surface tension are investigated. The objective is to discuss in a unified manner configurations of idealized atomic nuclei, rotating liquid drops and rotating idealized astronomical masses. The present paper formulates the problem generally but the applications discussed are mostly to nuclei. These include the estimates of the geometrical characteristics, of the rigid moments of inertia, and of the energies and fission barriers of idealized nuclei throughout the periodic table and with any angular momentum. The existence of super-deformed nuclei, stretched out into cylinderlike configurations by the centrifugal force, is discussed.
HIGH-FIELD GALVANOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF INDIUM.

Measurements are reported of the high-field magnetoresistance and Hall effect of both single-crystal and polycrystalline indium. Although the magnetoresistance exhibited no pronounced crystal anisotropy, substantial deviations from Kohler's rule were observed. It is found that both the longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistance increase linearly in high-purity specimens but not in impure material. Other deviations from Kohler's rule are attributed to small-angle electron-phonon scattering. The Hall coefficient of indium was found to decrease slightly with increasing magnetic field. Measurements were made using dc techniques as well as the standing-wave helicon method; in addition, solutions of the helicon wave equation for a finite cylinder transverse to the magnetic field are considered.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Polyester/Crown Ether Rotaxane Derived from a Difunctional Blocking Group

A diol with a sterically large core, namely bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)bis[p-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl]methane (diol BG 7), was synthesized by a multiple step method and successfully used for the preparation of a sebacate-based polyester 30-crown-10 (30C10) rotaxane with blocking groups or stoppers along the backbone. It was found that the resulting polyrotaxane had a threading efficiency (m/n value, the average number of cyclic molecules threaded per repeat unit) 5 times as high as that without BG under the same conditions, which proved that the BG can effectively prevent threaded 30C10 from slipping off the polymeric backbone during the preparation of the polyrotaxane. Additionally, new evidence for the formation of the polyrotaxane was demonstrated, including a chemical shift of threaded 30C10 protons different from that of the unthreaded species, a through-space interaction between 30C10 and the backbone proved by 2D NOESY measurements, and hydrolytic recovery of 30C10.
Cardioprotection with Alcohol

: Both epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced incidence of mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease. The consumption of wine, particularly red wine, imparts a greater benefit in the prevention of coronary heart disease than the consumption of other alcoholic beverages. The cardioprotective effects of red wine have been attributed to several polyphenolic antioxidants including resveratrol and proanthocyanidins. The results of our study documented that the polyphenolic antioxidants present in red wine, for example, resveratrol and proanthocyanidins, provide cardioprotection by their ability to function as in vivo antioxidants while its alcoholic component or alcohol by itself imparts cardioprotection by adapting the hearts to oxidative stress. Moderate alcohol consumption induced significant amount of oxidative stress to the hearts which was then translated into the induction of the expression of several cardioprotective oxidative stress-inducible proteins including heat shock protein (HSP) 70. Feeding the rats with red wine extract or its polyphenolic antioxidants as well as alcohol resulted in the improvement of postischemic ventricular function. Additionally, both wine and alcohol triggered a signal transduction cascade by reducing proapoptotic transcription factors and genes such as JNK-1 and c-Jun thereby potentiating an anti-death signal. This resulted in the reduction of myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The results, thus, indicate that although both wine and alcohol alone reduce myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, the mechanisms of cardioprotection differ from each other.
Racial prejudice and residential segregation: The Yinger model revisited

Abstract Yinger's model of racial prejudice in the housing market is the first rigorous alternative to Bailey's early work. It is important both because his specification of racial prejudice is intuitively plausible and because it has been adopted in much empirical work but never before been subjected to rigorous theoretical examination. However, his derivation of equilibrium conditions rests in part on inappropriate analyses that significantly affect his conclusions. This paper derives what I regard as the appropriate equilibrium conditions. Yinger's original finding that the white community has strong incentives to foster seller discrimination against blacks remains strongly supported.
Theory of the Stark Effect in protein systems containing an electron donor–acceptor couple

Abstract Mixed-valency can occur in a variety of biological systems, such as the Cu(I)–Cu(II) pair in hemocyanin, Fe(II)–Fe(III) in many iron–oxo and iron–sulfur proteins, and Mn(II)–Mn(III) or Mn(III)–Mn(IV) in the photosynthetic water oxidase. The characterization of the ground states of such systems often has been controversial. Stark Effect spectroscopy is proving to be a valuable tool for the elucidation of systems of this type. The purpose of the present work is to develop theory for the spectral lineshape for the case where the electron donor and acceptor are coupled directly in a strong electric field. A mixed-valence dimer with an applied electric field aligned along the internuclear axis is studied using a two-site small-polaron model. Potential energy surfaces are calculated in the adiabatic (Born–Oppenheimer) approximation. It is shown that two nuclear coordinates (one totally symmetric and one antisymmetric) are coupled to the electronic motion, whereas only the antisymmetric coordinate is coupled in the absence of an electric field. For a strongly localized system, such as a protein system where electron donor and acceptor sites are separated by large distances, the potential surfaces become highly asymmetrical, but coupling to the totally symmetric mode is not significant. For a localized case corresponding to a valence-trapped two-metal cluster, the displacement along the totally symmetric coordinate is directly proportional to the applied field strength. Along the antisymmetric coordinate, the lowest potential surface is an asymmetric double well. For a delocalized (valence-averaged) two-metal cluster, there is significant displacement along the antisymmetric coordinate, an effect which also vanishes in the absence of an applied field. Contributions to the linewidth are estimated. Localized systems show larger field-induced shift in frequency maximum, whereas delocalized systems show greater field-induced line broadening.
Targeted inhibition of the immunoproteasome is a potent strategy against models of multiple myeloma that overcomes resistance to conventional drugs and nonspecific proteasome inhibitors.

Proteasome inhibition is a validated strategy for therapy of multiple myeloma, but this disease remains challenging as relapses are common, and often associated with increasing chemoresistance. Moreover, nonspecific proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib can induce peripheral neuropathy and other toxicities that may compromise the ability to deliver therapy at full doses, thereby decreasing efficacy. One novel approach may be to target the immunoproteasome, a proteasomal variant found predominantly in cells of hematopoietic origin that differs from the constitutive proteasome found in most other cell types. Using purified preparations of constitutive and immunoproteasomes, we screened a rationally designed series of peptidyl-aldehydes and identified several with relative specificity for the immunoproteasome. The most potent immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor, IPSI-001, preferentially targeted the β1i subunit of the immunoproteasome in vitro and in cellulo in a dose-dependent manner. This agent induced accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, proapoptotic proteins, and activated caspase-mediated apoptosis. IPSI-001 potently inhibited proliferation in myeloma patient samples and other hematologic malignancies. Importantly, IPSI-001 was able to overcome conventional and novel drug resistance, including resistance to bortezomib. These findings provide a rationale for the translation of IPSIs to the clinic, where they may provide antimyeloma activity with greater specificity and less toxicity than current inhibitors.
Underrepresented and in/visible: A Hispanic first-generation student’s narratives of college.

Despite improvements in the rates of college admission over the past few decades, college persistence, retention, and graduation rates continue to be problematic for underrepresented students—students of color and students from low-income and/or first-generation families. This article presents a cas
The ciliary transition zone: from morphology and molecules to medicine

Researchers from various disciplines, including cell and developmental biology, genetics and molecular medicine, have revealed an exceptional diversity of cellular functions that are mediated by cilia-dependent mechanisms. Recent studies have directed our attention to proteins that localize to the ciliary transition zone (TZ), a small evolutionarily conserved subcompartment that is situated between the basal body (BB) and the more distal ciliary axoneme. These reports shed light on the roles of TZ proteins in ciliogenesis, ciliary protein homeostasis and specification of ciliary signaling, and pave the way for understanding their contribution to human ciliopathies. In this review, we describe the interplay of multimeric protein complexes at the TZ, integrating morphological, genetic and proteomic data towards an account of TZ function in ciliary physiology.
Associations and Their Journals: The Search for an “Official” Voice:

The shift from an occupation to a profession has been analyzed as a series of steps or stages. Among those frequently identified are the founding of a professional association and the existence of professional journals. In a review of the histories of forty professional associations, it was discovered that professional journals existed before any of these organizations were established. Yet they all gained ownership and control of one or more “official” journals as they grew and developed. The analysis was guided by two research questions: Why did these organizations decide to own and control an official journal and what were the means by which they acquired them? Vignettes from eight associations provide the data necessary to answer these questions. It was discovered that those involved in these organizations recognized early on that owning and controlling a publication was an effective means of establishing a legitimate and effective voice for the profession. Further, these associations were able to obt...
Intranuclear incorporation of thymic low molecular weight RNA by murine bone marrow immunoblasts and inhibition of plasma cell formation by a derivative of rifampicin.

An in vitro culture system for the proliferation of IgG-forming plasma cells from mouse bone marrow cultures has previously been described. The present study attempts to elucidate the mode of action of thymic RNA in these cultures. Autoradiography after using radiolabeled thymic RNA showed that radioactive material was mainly incorporated into the nuclei of IgG-forming plasma cells. No radiolabeled thymic RNA was incorporated into the cells except immunoblasts. The incorporated thymic RNA was acid insoluble and digested by RNase, but resistant to DNase and pronase. Radioactivity in the nucleotide pool after the cells were cultured with radiolabeled thymic RNA was negligible, indicating that reutilization of degraded RNA did not occur in the nuclei of the plasma cells. Moreover, the incorporation of radiolabeled thymic RNA by the cells was not prevented by excess unlabeled nucleosides. Escherichia coli transfer RNA, L-cell RNA and synthetic polynucleotide poly(A U) were incorporated but were distributed in a different manner in the cells. A derivative of rifampicin, 2′,5′-dimethyl N(4′)benzyl-N(4′)[desmethyl]rifampicin (AF/ABDMP), a possible inhibitor of RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, suppressed both the incorporation of thymic RNA and the differentiation of immunoblasts. AF/ABDMP suppressed DNA synthesis by bone marrow cultures to the same level as those pretreated with anti-mouse B-cell antibodies and complement. DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity was observed in the supernatant of bone marrow cultures stimulated by normal syngeneic thymic RNA and human gammaglobulin as antigen. These results imply a possible relationship between B-cell differentiation and RNA-dependent DNA polymerases.
Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of patients with Barrett's high-grade dysplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma.

Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of patients with Barrett's high-grade dysplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma
Integral solutions in arithmetic progression for y2=x3+k

Integral solutions toy 2=x 3+k, where either thex's or they's, or both, are in arithmetic progression are studied. When both thex's and they's are in arithmetic progression, then this situation is completely solved. One set of solutions where they's formed an arithmetic progression of length 4 had already been constructed. In this paper, we construct infinitely many sets of solutions where there are 4x's in arithmetic progression and we disprove Mohanty's Conjecture [8] by constructing infinitely many sets of solutions where there are 4, 5 and 6y's in arithmetic progression.
A Familiar Ring to It: Biosynthesis of Plant Benzoic Acids

Plant benzoic acids (BAs) are building blocks or important structural elements for numerous primary and specialized metabolites, including plant hormones, cofactors, defense compounds, and attractants for pollinators and seed dispersers. Many natural products derived from plant BAs or containing benzoyl/benzyl moieties are also of medicinal or nutritional value to humans. Biosynthesis of BAs in plants is a network involving parallel and intersecting pathways spread across multiple subcellular compartments. In this review, a current overview on the metabolism of plant BAs is presented with a focus on the recent progress made on isolation and functional characterization of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and intracellular transporters. In addition, approaches for deciphering the complex interactions between pathways of the BAs network are discussed.
Band offsets at the epitaxial anatase TiO2/n-SrTiO3(001) interface

Abstract We have used high-energy resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to measure valence band offsets at the epitaxial anatase TiO 2 (0 0 1)/ n -SrTiO 3 (0 0 1) heterojunction prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. The valence band offsets range between −0.06 ± 0.05 and +0.16 ± 0.05 eV for anatase thicknesses between 1 and 8 monolayers and three different methods of substrate surface preparation, with no systematic dependence on film thickness. The conduction band offset (CBO) varies over a comparable range by virtue of the fact that anatase and SrTiO 3 exhibit the same bandgap (∼3.2 eV). In contrast, density functional theory predicts the VBO to be +0.55 eV. The lack of agreement between theory and experiment suggests that either some unknown factor in the interface structure or composition excluded from the modeling is influencing the band offset, or that density functional theory cannot accurately calculate band offsets in these oxide materials. The small experimental band offsets have important implications for the use of this interface for fundamental investigations of surface photocatalysis. Neither electrons nor holes are likely to become trapped in the substrate and thus be unable to participate in surface photocatalytic processes.
Molecular dynamics simulation of ions and water around triplex DNA

We report the results of a 100-ps molecular dynamics simulation study of triple helical DNA with explicit water, counterions, and salt using periodic boundary conditions at 300 K. The simulation involved an antiparallel reverse-Hoogsteen-like homopolymeric CGC 7-mer triple helix, 837 water molecules, 21 Na + ions, and 1 M NaCl. We have used the Ewald method to compute the electrostatic interactions. Specific ion and water associations as well as relative solvent and ion mobilities are reported. Specific patterns of ion and water molecule associations are found which are novel and may have implications for stability and recognition of triplex-forming oligonucleotides by duplex DNA
The sedimentology of the Bass Islands and Salina groups in Ohio and its effect on salt-solution mining and underground storage, USA

The renewed interest in the underground storage of natural gas in salt caverns, along with continued development of the salt-solution mining industry in Ohio, has led to a need for a better understanding of the geology of the Bass Islands and Salina Groups. Detailed examination of 17 cores and 11 core descriptions led to the conclusion that the Salina Group in Ohio was deposited in a shallow-water environment associated with sabkha and subaqueous settings. Further observations indicate that Salina deposition was extremely complex and most of the previous work in Ohio was based on geophysical logs and other subsurface data instead of sedimentological features. Many of the situations, such as roof collapse and fluid migration, that are associated with salt-solution mining and underground storage in Ohio are directly related to the geology of the Bass Islands and Salina units. Further understanding of the geology should help to resolve some of the problems that affects these industries.
Renal adenocarcinoma of the kidney with metastasis to the tongue

Microscopic study of a metastatic lesion on the tongue showed that renal adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor. Renal adenocarcinoma metastasizes to distant sites. In this case, an 84-year-old man had a hemorrhagic lesion on the tip of his tongue.
Extreme optics and the search for Earth-like planets

In this paper I describe a new and exciting application of optimization technology. The problem is to design a space telescope capable of imaging Earth-like planets around nearby stars. Because of limitations inherent in the wave nature of light, the design problem is one of diffraction control so as to provide the extremely high contrast needed to image a faint planet positioned very close to its much brighter star. I will describe the mathematics behind the diffraction control problem and explain how modern optimization tools were able to provide unexpected solutions that actually changed NASA’s approach to this problem.
Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction

Abstract Background Historically, laparotomy and open adhesiolysis have been the treatment for patients requiring surgery for small bowel obstruction. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has not gained wide acceptance. The indications and outcomes of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction are not well established. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction and to discuss patient selection, surgical technique, and outcomes. Data sources Medline search from 1980 to 2002. Conclusions Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has been shown to be safe and feasible in experienced hands. For selected patients, laparoscopic adhesiolysis offers the advantages of decreased length of stay, faster return to full activity, and decreased morbidity. Patient selection and surgical judgment appear to be the most important factors for a successful outcome.
Quality Changes During Frozen Storage of Smoked Broilers

Abstract In each of two trials, smoked broiler carcasses were evaluated organoleptically and chemically after 1, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of frozen (–18 C) storage. Organoleptic scores, TBA values, and microbiological analysis as well as other measured parameters indicated that smoked broiler carcasses can be maintained for at least 12 months without serious changes in product quality.
Theoretical study of lithium graphite. I. Band structure, density of states, and Fermi-surface properties

The results of a detailed band-structure calculation for first-stage lithium graphite (Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$) are presented. In addition to the band dispersion, the density of states near the Fermi level, the shape of the Fermi surface, plasma frequencies, optical masses, de Haas-van Alphen frequencies and masses, and interband optical transitions are obtained. It is found that the occupied bands of Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$ are essentially those of graphite with $A\ensuremath{-}A$ layer stacking and $\frac{1}{6}$ excess electron per C atom. Except for some hybridization with the Li $2s$ states, the dispersion of the occupied bands in a layer plane is in quantitative agreement with the corresponding dispersion for two-dimensional graphite, as calculated by previous workers. The Fermi level of Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$ corresponds to an energy near a saddle point in the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands of two-dimensional graphite. The Li $2s$ states are found to hybridize with a bonding C $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band \ensuremath{\sim} 7-9 eV below ${E}_{F}$ and to form a metal-like band having a minimum \ensuremath{\sim} 1.7 eV above ${E}_{F}$. Hybridization of the Li $2s$ states with the Fermi-level bands is weak, so that the metallic properties of Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$ are derived from partially filled bands which have primarily C $\ensuremath{\pi}$ character. The present results are found to be consistent with experimental measurements of the Fermi-level density of states and of the plasma frequencies.
Validity of random urines to quantitate proteinuria in children with human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy.

Accurate assessment of proteinuria in pediatric patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is limited by constraints imposed by timed urine collections and low creatinine excretion in very ill patients with low muscle mass. We therefore sought to validate the use of random urine specimens to quantitate total protein and creatinine excretion in a population of 236 HIV-positive children. A mathematical derivation for estimating urine volume (V) was constructed. The accuracy of the final calculation [V=832 (kL/ucr)BSA] (where k=constant, L body length, UCr urine creatinine and BSA body surface area) was tested by regression analysis comparing the calculated and measured volume of 31 urines from ambulatory HIV-negative patients. The correlation coefficient was highly significant (r=0.77. P≤0.0001). The relationship was also applied to 23 times urine specimens from HIV-positive patients with similar significance (r=0.87k, P 2.0 representative of nephrotic proteinuria.
A Winter of Discontent: The Nuclear Freeze and American Politics

Introduction Nuclear Weapons Protest and Social Movements Nuclear Weapons and National Security Policy: Continuity and Conflict Military Spending: How Much Is Too Much? The Arms Race and Domestic Political Mismanagement Public Opinion: Volatility and Consistency The Defection of the Elite The Public Face of the Nuclear Freeze The Roots of a Nuclear Disarmament Movement Defining and Unifying the Nuclear Freeze Movement A Strategy to Reach the Public Before, Beside, Beyond the Freeze: Eruptions of Activism The Freeze under Fire: Attacks from the Left and Right Political Support: The Smothering Embrace Changing the Politicians The Freeze After the Fall The Changing Political Landscape: The Nuclear Freeze and Protest Movement in the United States Selected Bibliography Index
The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability: A Comparison of Two Methods of Cluster Scale Analysis for Three Learning Disability Subtypes

The Woodcock-Johnson Oral Language/Verbal Ability clusters and Broad Reasoning/Reasoning clusters were compared for three samples of learning-disabled children: (a) high math and low reading, (b) high reading and low math, and (c) equally low math and reading abilities. Data indicated each pair of clusters to be highly correlated across subtype (.73-.93). In all instances but one, the Oral Language and Broad Reasoning clusters generated significantly lower mean standard scores than the Verbal Ability and Reasoning clusters, respectively. Implications for interpretation are discussed.
Direct pattern technique for posts and cores

The technique described results in a well adapted cast post and core with good retention (Figs. 18 and 19). The chances of perforation of the root and trauma to the patient are reduced, and the expense of the procedure is minimal. This system is adaptable to single- or multirooted teeth and continually produces good results with minimal problems.
Chapter 4: Genital Tract Infections, Cervical Inflammation, and Antioxidant Nutrients—Assessing Their Roles as Human Papillomavirus Cofactors

Cervical infections by approximately 15 human papillomavirus (HPV) types are the necessary cause of cervical cancer and its immediate precursor lesions. However, oncogenic HPV infections are usually benign and usually resolve within 1-2 years. A few of these infections persist and progress to cervical precancer and cancer. A number of cervical factors, such as infection by sexually transmitted pathogens other than HPV, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients, may influence the natural history of HPV infection along the pathways of persistence and progression or resolution. We examine the possible roles of these HPV cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis and discuss new methodologies that may enable researchers to measure relevant markers of the cervical microenvironment in which these cofactors may be active.
Quantum imaging of nonlocal spatial correlations in parametric down-conversion induced by the pump-beam profile

We present a quantum imaging method wherein the quantum image obtained through coincidence counting is dependent on the pump-beam profile. Quantum nature of the nonlocal spatial correlations are experimentally verified.
Detection of Neospora Caninum in Tissue Sections Using a Murine Monoclonal Antibody

A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb 6G7), isotype IgG2a, produced against tachyzoites of Neospora caninum (isolate NC-l) reacted specifically with tachyzoites of N. caninum in an indirect immuno- fluorescent antibody test. MAb 6G7 did not react with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, sporozoites of Isospora suis, Eimeria bovis, or E. tenella, or merozoites of E. bovis in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. MAb 6G7 reacted positively with both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum in an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical test on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. No reaction was observed with the following: tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, T. gondii-like parasites, or Hammondia hammondi; bradyzoites of Frenkelia microti; schizonts and merozoites of Sarcocystis-like organisms; schizonts, sarcocysts, and oocysts/sporocysts of S. cruzi; schizonts and merozoites of S. canis; schizonts of S. hirsuta, S. tenella, and S. capracanis; merozoites of S. neurona and S. neurona-like organisms, E. bovis, or Haemoproteus sp.; bra- dyzoites and merozoites of S. montanaensis; bradyzoites of S. odocoileocanis, S. cruzi, and S. tenella; meronts, sexual stages, and caryocysts of Caryospora sp. and C. bigenetica; micromerozoites, macromerozoites, and schizonts of Hepatozoon canis; sporozoites, sexual stages, and oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. baileyi; trophozoites of Monocystis Zumbrici, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Balantidium coli; tissue cysts and bradyzoites of Besnoitia sp. and B. jellisoni; amastigotes of Leishmania sp.; and trophic theronts of Ichthyopthirius multifilis. MAb 6G7 reacted with tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum in natural and experimental infections in dogs, cattle, mice, rats, sheep, and goats, indicating that host origin of the tissues did not affect the performance of the test.
Pressure Variations in Small Veins in the Hindleg of the Dog

Rhythmical changes in small vein pressure were shown to follow the direction of changes in intra-abdominal pressure. Pressure waves in small veins could be diminished considerably during femoral artery occlusion when the venous cannula was directed away from the vena cava. They were only slightly affected when the venous cannula was directed toward the vena cava. Small vein pressure waves were markedly decreased by opening the abdomen and reducing intra-abdominal pressure. It is concluded that intra-abdominal pressure change is a major factor in varying small vein pressure in the hindleg of an anesthetized dog in a supine position.
Human-assisted motion annotation

Obtaining ground-truth motion for arbitrary, real-world video sequences is a challenging but important task for both algorithm evaluation and model design. Existing ground-truth databases are either synthetic, such as the Yosemite sequence, or limited to indoor, experimental setups, such as the database developed by Baker et al (2007). We propose a human-in-loop methodology to create a ground-truth motion database for the videos taken with ordinary cameras in both indoor and outdoor scenes, using the fact that human beings are experts at segmenting objects and inspecting the match between two frames. We designed an interactive computer vision system to allow a user to efficiently annotate motion. Our methodology is cross-validated by showing that human annotated motion is repeatable, consistent across annotators, and close to the ground truth obtained by Baker et al (2007). Using our system, we collected and annotated 10 indoor and outdoor real-world videos to form a ground-truth motion database. The source code, annotation tool and database is online for public evaluation and benchmarking.
Factors Controlling Nonlinearity in Mechanically Forced Stationary Waves over Orography

Abstract The forcing of stationary waves by the earth’s large-scale orography is studied using a nonlinear stationary wave model based on the quasigeostrophic equations. The manner in which wind speed, meridional temperature gradient, Ekman pumping parameter, linear damping, orographic shape, and meridional wind structure affect the validity of the linearized equations is examined and the nonlinear response is investigated. A critical mountain height that separates the linear from the nonlinear regime is defined based on the linear quasigeostrophic potential temperature equation applied at the surface. The largest critical heights (those responses in which nonlinearity is least important) are obtained when the surface damping is weak or nonexistent. Also, relative maximums in mountain critical heights are obtained when the ratio of surface wind to surface wind shear does not vary in the meridional direction. These critical height results are validated using the fully nonlinear stationary wave model. The n...
An Observational Analysis and Evaluation of Land Surface Model Accuracy in the Nebraska Sand Hills

In this study, the influence of subsurface water on the energy budget components of three locations with heterogeneous land surfaces in the Nebraska Sand Hills are examined through observations and use of the Noah land surface model (LSM). Observations of the four primary components of the surface energy budget are compared for a wet interdunal meadow valley, a dry interdunal valley, and a dunal upland location. With similar atmospheric forcing at each site, it was determined that differences in the partitioning of the mean diurnal net radiation (Rnet) existed among the three locations due to the influence of varied soil moisture and vegetation through the year. At the wet valley, observations indicated that almost 65% of the mean daily peak Rnet was used for latent heating, due to the relatively higher soil moisture content resulting from an annual upward gradient of subsurface water and denser vegetation. In sharp contrast, the dunal upland site yielded only 21% of the mean daily peak Rnet going to latent heating, and a greater mean diurnal soil heat flux with typically drier soils and sparser vegetation than at the wet valley. The dry valley partition of the peak Rnet fell between the wet valley and dunal upland site, with approximately 50% going to sensible heating and 50% toward latent heating. In addition to the observational analysis, an uncoupled land surface model was forced with the observations from each site to simulate the energy budgets, with no tuning of the model’s fundamental equations and with little adjustment of the model parameters to improve results. While the model was able to reasonably simulate the mean diurnal and annual energy budget components at all locations, in most instances with root-mean-square errors within 20%–25% of the observed values, the lack of explicit treatment of subsurface water within the model limited predictability, particularly at the wet valley site. For instance, only 25% of the peak mean diurnal Rnet went toward latent heating in the model simulation of the wet valley, compared to 65% as estimated by observations. Model evaluation statistics are presented to document the land surface model’s ability to capture the annual and mean diurnal variations in the surface energy budget terms at the dry valley and dunal upland sites, but the absence of subsurface water results in large errors in the wet valley simulation. From these results, a case is made for the future inclusion of the explicit treatment of subsurface water within the Noah LSM to better approximate the prediction of the surface energy budget in such environments.
A Letter from Basil Hall to Charles Dickens

Noland brings to the readers' attention a March 29, 1841 letter from Basil Hall (1788-1844) to Charles Dickens in the Library.Â It askes Dickens if Hall's friend, Samuel Joseph (b. ?-d. 1850), could make a bust of Dickens.Â The letter is transcribed in full.
Improving student success through personalization and customization

Personalizing and customizing competency-based material to students has the promise of greatly improving student success. In this paper, we present some of the initial work we have done to creating a competency-based program in computing, and some of the issues we have identified in doing so, along with some proposed solutions.
Individual rights advocacy in tobacco control policies: an assessment and recommendation

Efforts to control environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) could be assisted if the tobacco control movement gave greater emphasis to the issue of individual rights. Benefits that may accrue from the promotion of a clear individual rights perspective in tobacco control include adding coherence to the tobacco control advocacy agenda and winning support from those who may have been concerned about loss of personal freedom, excessive governmental power, use of social coercion, or the rights of smokers. Risks also attend to such a policy. It might inadvertently assist the tobacco industry, stir resistance to ETS limitation efforts, or confuse tobacco control supporters. On balance, though, liabilities are outweighed by the ethical and operational merits in tobacco control of a heightened pro-individual rights stance.
A Promising Approach for Expanding and Sustaining School-Wide Positive Behavior Support.

Educators and psychologists are concerned about problem behavior. Fortunately, effective interventions and practices have been documented for addressing this problem behavior. However, sustained an...
Inferring word relevance from eye-movements of readers

Reading is one of the most important skills in today's society. The ubiquity of this activity has naturally affected many information systems; the only goal of some is the presentation of textual information. One concrete task often performed on a computer and involving reading is finding relevant parts of text. In the current study, we investigated if word-level relevance, defined as a binary measure of an individual word being congruent with the reader's current informational needs, could be inferred given only the text and eye movements of readers. We found that the number of fixations, first-pass fixations, and the total viewing time can be used to predict the relevance of sentence-terminal words. In light of what is known about eye movements of readers, knowing which sentence-terminal words are relevant can help in an unobtrusive identification of relevant sentences.
An Information Theoretic Viewpoint on Haplotype Reconstruction from SNP Fragments

The problem of haplotype reconstruction based on aligned single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fragments is formulated as decoding over a discrete memoryless channel. An information theoretic view point is used to illustrate the deficiency of parsimonious models such as minimum error correction model. A new computational model with genotype information is proposed and a low complexity reconstruction algorithm for this model is shown to guarantee the desired reconstruction rate by increasing the number of SNP fragments sequentially. The advantage of using genotype information is quantified by exploiting a simplified statistical model for haplotype sequences.
Clinical Experience With Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Thromboprophylaxis After Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Anticoagulant medications help to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Traditionally, this has been accomplished with medications, such as low–molecular-weight heparin and warfarin. However, these traditional anticoagulants possess a variety of shortcomings that leave much room for improvement. A new class of oral anticoagulants is now available, and present a more convenient option for safe and efficacious thromboprophylaxis in post arthroplasty patients, particularly in the outpatient setting. This review focuses on the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and the selective factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban, and the clinical data to date about their use in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty patients.
Body Mass Index, Academic Achievement, and School Context: Examining the Educational Experiences of Adolescents at Risk of Obesity

Reflected self-appraisal suggests that individual functioning is related to the fit between individual characteristics and the norms of their primary contexts. To apply this social psychological concept to the study of obesity, we hypothesized that adolescents at risk of obesity would have lower academic achievement overall than other students, especially in schools in which their weight status was most likely to elicit negative evaluations. Multi-level modeling of nationally representative data revealed that the negative longitudinal association between risk of obesity and achievement was stronger in schools with higher rates of romantic activity and lower average body size among students, two school contexts in which obesity was likely to be stigmatized, but weaker in schools with higher rates of athletic participation, a school context in which such stigmatization was also likely. Additional analyses suggested that this last, unexpected finding reflected a process of niche-picking.
MMIC pioneers: A historical review of MMIC development at Raytheon

The latter part of the 20th century saw the birth and rapid development of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology which dramatically changed the microwave industry. Raytheon Company was at the forefront of this development. This presentation gives a historical review of the pioneering MMIC technology work done at Raytheon.
AntigenMap 3D

Summary: Antigenic cartography is a useful technique to visualize and minimize errors in immunological data by projecting antigens to 2D or 3D cartography. However, a 2D cartography may not be sufficient to capture the antigenic relationship from high-dimensional immunological data. AntigenMap 3D presents an online, interactive, and robust 3D antigenic cartography construction and visualization resource. AntigenMap 3D can be applied to identify antigenic variants and vaccine strain candidates for pathogens with rapid antigenic variations, such as influenza A virus. Availability and implementation: http://sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu/AntigenMap3D Contact:wan@cvm.msstate.edu; wanhenry@yahoo.com
Plate generation in a simple model of lithosphere-mantle flow with dynamic self-lubrication

One of the more enigmatic features of the Earth's style of mantle convection is plate tectonics itself, in particular the existence of strike-slip, or toroidal, motion. Toroidal motion is uncharacteristic of basic thermal convection, but necessarily forms through the interaction of convective flow and nonlinear rheological mechanisms. Recent studies have implied that the empirically determined power-law rheologies of mantle silicates are not sufficient to generate the requisite toroidal motion. A simple source-sink model of mantle or lithospheric flow shows that dynamic self-lubrication, which arises through the coupling of viscous heating and temperature-dependent viscosity, is highly successful at generating strike-slip motion. In particular, as the viscosity of the fluid system becomes more temperature dependent, the toroidal flow field makes an abrupt transition from a state of weak, unplate-like motion to a state with intense and extremely focused structure. In essence, the fluid dynamical model develops strike-slip faults.
Nutritional Gains from Extended Exposure to a Large-scale Nutrition Programme

This paper estimates the returns to differential programme exposure in the context of a large-scale nutritional programme. It addresses this question using information available only on programme participants. To that end, the authors develop a methodology that circumvents this data hurdle and estimate returns to differential lengths of exposure using administrative data. Such data are generally collected as a by-product of the monitoring process of programme implementation but are rarely exploited to assess the effectiveness of the programme. The analysis finds that the returns to exposure are positive: communities exposed for an additional 1 (or 2) years of display on average lower malnutrition rates of around 7--9 percentage points. Moreover, the differential returns are decreasing over time, although they do not dissipate to zero. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the returns to the programme reflect learning effects from the intervention. Copyright 2011 The author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Failure of a titanium anterior cervical plate implant: Microstructural analysis of failure: Case report

The authors present the case of a failed titanium anterior cervical spine plate. The plate was contoured during implantation. Analysis of the failed implant with electron microscopy showed no metallurgical flaw to have caused the plate fracture. A crack was apparently initiated with the contouring of the plate. It was located at the weakest point in the plate (the position of the intermediate screw hole), and with subsequent stress, it propagated and led to fracture. Techniques for avoiding failure of this type are discussed.
Competition for NADH by mitochondrial dehydrogenases in rat and guinea pig livers.

The factors responsible for regulating the NAD+/NADH ratio of guinea pig and rat liver mitochondria were studied using both isolated mitochondria and perfused livers from both species. A comparison of the rates of ketone body formation and the acetoacetatelfi-hydroxybutyrate ratio in isolated guinea pig and rat liver mitochondria in State 3 show that in the absence of added citric acid cycle anions, mitochondria from both species will synthesize predominantly acetoacetate. Rat liver mitochondria produced 4 times more total ketone bodies than guinea pig liver mitochondria. The addition of malate dramatically reduced the formation of ketone bodies by supplying oxalacetate for the subsequent synthesis of citrate by mitochondria from both species. The only experimental treatment that reduced the acetoacetatelp-hydroxybutyrate ratio during State 3 in guinea pig liver mitochondria, to levels noted in mitochondria from rat liver, was
Site selective rare earth spectroscopy in proteins

Abstract High resolution laser techniques are shown to spectrally resolve europium substituted calcium ion binding sites of the protein thermoysin. Fluorescence line narrowing techniques are shown to reduce the linewidths by 30% for non-resonant transitions indicating accidental degeneracies limit the spectral resolution attainable.