cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The cultural contradictions of progressive politics : the role of cultural change and the global economy in local policymaking

1. Introduction and Overview 2. Critique of Political Economy Approaches to the Study of Urban Policy 3. Toward a Cultural Model of Urban Politics 4. Methodological Problems in the Study of Progressive Politics 5. Testing Explanations of Progressive Policy Outcomes 6. Comparative Case Analysis 7. A Cultural Explanation of Progressive Local Politics 8. The Challenge of Urban Policy Analysis in a Global Age
Farmworkers and Resilience

In this chapter we analyzed data from a focus group with farmworkers in Central Florida to investigate disaster resilience in rural America. We identified three major themes within our coding scheme: past disaster experiences, self-organizing collective action, and challenges to self-organizing collective action and resilience. The results indicate disaster experiences can serve as a pathway to disaster resilience. In addition, we discuss significant challenges and barriers continue to be present including, language/communication issues, anti-immigrant sentiment, poor relations with the police and farm owners that serve as constant reminders of the vulnerabilities and challenges migrant farmworkers continue to face, not only in Florida, but also throughout the United States (A previous version of this chapter has been accepted for publication at the International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters).
Antioxidant and Antitumorigenic Properties of Curcumin

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, has high antioxidant activity. Curcumin is capable of scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, nitric oxide, and other organic free radicals. Curcumin is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Topical application of curcumin to the backs of mice inhibits formation of benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-DNA adducts and tumor initiation by B[a]P and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in epidermis. Topical application of curcumin to the backs of mice inhibits 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced short-term, biomarker changes (e.g., inflammation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and hyperplasia) as well as tumor promotion in mouse epidermis. Feeding curcumin in the diet inhibits forestomach, duodenal, and colon tumorigenesis. Turmeric contains curcumin, demeth-oxycurcumin, and bisdemothoxycurcumin (curcuminoids). The curcumin/demethoxycurcumin/bisdemethoxycurcumin ratio in turmeric is approximately 100:21:3. The antioxidant activity of curcumin is greater than that of demetho-xycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The ability of pure curcumin to inhibit TPA-induced tumor promotion in the skin of DMBA-initiated mice is about equal to that of demethoxycurcumin and is greater than that of bisdemethoxycurcumin.
Pyridoxine chemistry. XII. Gas chromatography of compounds in the vitamin B6 group.

Abstract Several types of derivatives of compounds in the vitamin B 6 group can be subjected to gas chromatography using a thin film column. Gas chromatography of a number of isopropylidene derivatives indicates the selectivity of the chromatographic separations with respect to structural modifications. A number of pyridoxine compounds can be analyzed by conversion to their acetates, and acetylation with subsequent analysis by gas chromatography has been shown to offer a satisfactory method for determining the three vitamers and 4-pyridoxic acid lactone. Exploratory experiments indicate that other derivatives of vitamin B 6 compounds (e.g., 3- O -benzyl or trimethylsilyl derivatives) can offer some advantages for analysis by gas chromatography. Trimethylsilyl derivatives are particularly useful for the gas chromatographic separation of the phosphate forms of the vitamin and some of its analogs.
"I Built It!" — Exploring the effects of customizable virtual humans on adolescents with ASD

Virtual Reality (VR) training games have many potential benefits for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) therapy, such as increasing motivation and improving the abilities of performing daily living activities. Persons with ASD often have deficits in hand-eye coordination, which makes many activities of daily living difficult. A VR game that trains hand-eye coordination could help users with ASD improve their quality of life. Moreover, incorporating users' interests into the game could be a good way to build a motivating game for users with ASD. We propose a Customizable Virtual Human (CVH) which enables users with ASD to easily customize a virtual human and then interact with the CVH in a 3D task. Specifically, we investigated the effects of CVHs with a VR hand-eye coordination training game — Imagination Soccer — and conducted a user study on adolescents with high functioning ASD. We compared the differences of participants' 3D interaction performances, game performances and user experiences (i.e. presence, involvement, and flow) under CVH and Non-customizable Virtual Human (NCVH) conditions. The results indicate that CVHs could effectively improve performance in 3D interaction tasks (i.e., blocking a soccer ball) for users with ASD, motivate them to play the game more, and offer a better user experience.
Antigen receptor-induced cell cycle arrest in WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells depends on the duration of signaling before the G1 phase restriction point.

Abstract Stimulation of antigen receptors on WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells with anti-receptor antibodies (anti-immunoglobulin M [IgM]) causes irreversible growth arrest. This may be a model for antigen-induced tolerance to self components in the immune system. Antigen receptor stimulation also causes inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, producing diacylglycerol, which activates protein kinase C, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which causes release of calcium from intracellular stores. To better understand the nature of the antigen receptor-induced growth arrest of WEHI-231 cells, we have examined the basis for it. WEHI-231 cells in various phases of the cell cycle were isolated by centrifugal elutriation, and their response was evaluated following treatment with either anti-IgM or pharmacologic agents that raise intracellular free calcium levels and activate protein kinase C. Treatment with anti-IgM or the pharmacologic agents did not lengthen the cell cycle. Instead, growth inhibition was solely the result of arrest in the G1 phase. The efficiency of G1 arrest increased with the length of time during which the cells received signaling before reaching the G1 phase arrest point. Maximum efficiency of arrest was achieved after approximately one cell cycle of receptor signaling. These results imply that anti-IgM causes G1 arrest of WEHI-231 cells by slowly affecting components required for S phase progression, rather than by rapidly inhibiting such components or by rapidly activating a suicide mechanism. Antigen receptor stimulation was twice as effective as stimulation via the mimicking reagents phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin. Thus, although the phosphoinositide second messengers diacylglycerol and calcium probably play roles in mediating the effects of anti-IgM on WEHI-231 cells, other second messengers may also be involved.
Effect of Stay-in-Place Metal Forms on Performance of Concrete Bridge Decks

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effect of stay-in-place metal forms (SIPMFs) on corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete bridge decks. The study included 12 concrete bridge decks located within the Interstate 215 corridor in the vicinity of Salt Lake City, Utah. All decks were subject to similar traffic loading, climatic conditions, and maintenance treatments, including applications of deicing salts during winter months, and had been constructed during 1984-1989 with epoxy-coated rebar. Test methods included visual inspection, chain dragging, hammer sounding, Schmidt hammer testing, half-cell potential testing, and chloride-concentration testing. An analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) was performed to evaluate the effect of SIPMFs on each of the 13 deck properties measured. Five of the 13 analyses yielded significant results, including age, cover, Schmidt rebound number, half-cell potential, and chloride concentration at 2-in. depth. While differences in age and cover result...
Laser - Assisted Chemical Etching

Laser-induced or -enhanced chemical etching of solid surfaces has provided an important new tool in recent years for materials processing. Studies have been reported on a wide range of substrates, including semiconductors, metals, ceramics, glasses and thin organic films. In this paper the current status of the field is reviewed. Characteristics of laser etching of various materials are described. Activities related to applications and to fundamental understanding of the process are also discussed.
Palmitate-induced apoptosis in neonatal cardiomyocytes is not dependent on the generation of ROS

The saturated fatty acid palmitate induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. This apoptosis is associated with early mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and a subsequent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Recent reports implicate a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in palmitate-induced apoptosis. We studied the role of ROS in palmitate-induced apoptosis in the neonatal rat cardiomyocyte and report no evidence of ROS involvement. ROS production, nitric oxide production, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation were not increased above those observed using the nonapoptotic fatty acid oleate. Indeed, the production of ROS was significantly higher in cells treated with oleate. Furthermore, the presence of antioxidants and ROS scavengers did not attenuate the induction of apoptosis by palmitate. Variations in the fatty acid-to-albumin ratio from 2:1 to 7:1 had no effect on the absence of ROS production or on the extent of apoptosis. No evidence was found for an increase in oxidative protein modification in palmitate-treated cells. Our results lead us to conclude that oxidative stress does not play a role in palmitate-induced apoptosis.
Viscoelastic behavior of polystyrene‐tricresyl phosphate solutions

The viscoelastic behavior of solutions of a narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene in tri-m-toly 1 phosphate has been determined from the glassy to the terminal zones of response. The polymer concentration was varied from one to 100% thereby providing for the first time a complete picture of the influence of a solvent on the time-dependent response of a polymer. A computer analysis, governed by human judgment, has been used to extract retardation spectra which can be used to regenerate the reduced recoverable creep compliance curves within the scatter bands of the data. With the resulting retardation spectra, dynamic compliance and moduli curves have been calculated.
Bi-directional motion vector coding using Universal VLC

Abstract In this paper an error resilient motion vector coding which employs two-way decodable Universal VLC is presented. With this scheme, a part of a bitstream which cannot be decoded in the forward direction due to errors can be recovered by backward decoding. Based on the observation that motion compensated signals are visually more important than residual signals, motion vectors are better protected so that they can be recovered even in the presence of errors. Besides being bi-directionally decodable, Universal VLC has been designed to allow easy encoding and decoding. It has been shown through simulations that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional method (i.e, non-bi-directional) in terms of PSNR under various error conditions.
Turbulent Flow-Field Comparisons of RANS and LES for a Twisted Pin Lattice Geometry at Low Reynolds Number

The accurate evaluation of fuel and cladding peak temperatures is of prime importance for nuclear reactor design and safety. The Global Threat Reduction Initiative reactor conversion program often encounters exotic flow geometries in its mission to aid in converting reactors from high-enriched to low-enriched fuel. These geometries can pose modeling challenges. Analysis presented here concerns a reactor with twisted fuel pins that are in direct contact with each other in a large, hexagonal-pitch lattice. The Reynolds number for a unit cell is only 7500. Such flow conditions can present difficulties for standard approaches based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS). Moreover there are no available experimental data and a small expected margin to the limiting cladding surface temperature. Given some of the geometric uncertainties, reducing the turbulence model uncertainty is thus important for meaningful calculations. A computational fluid dynamics model of a full-length unit cell was built using the commercial code STAR-CCM+. Multiple RANS models were employed, which gave disparate results. To provide higher-fidelity data for comparison, given the lack of experimental data, a periodic single-helical-pitch simulation with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach was performed using Nek5000, a massively-parallel spectral-element code. This was compared with single-pitch RANS simulations from STAR-CCM+. Stream-wise velocity profile shape was generally well-represented by RANS. Cross-velocities and peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were underestimated for most of the turbulence models with respect to LES, while mean flow TKE was universally underestimated. The overall results suggest that the Realizable k-e Two-Layer model, which was the best at reproducing the LES TKE distribution, would likely be the most appropriate turbulence model choice for this flow. Future work includes full conjugate heat transfer simulations of 1/6 sectors of fuel assemblies featuring this type of pin lattice.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Signatures for mass spectrometry data quality.

Ensuring data quality and proper instrument functionality is a prerequisite for scientific investigation. Manual quality assurance is time-consuming and subjective. Metrics for describing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data have been developed; however, the wide variety of LC–MS instruments and configurations precludes applying a simple cutoff. Using 1150 manually classified quality control (QC) data sets, we trained logistic regression classification models to predict whether a data set is in or out of control. Model parameters were optimized by minimizing a loss function that accounts for the trade-off between false positive and false negative errors. The classifier models detected bad data sets with high sensitivity while maintaining high specificity. Moreover, the composite classifier was dramatically more specific than single metrics. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the classifier on a separate validation set where it performed comparably to the results for the testing/train...
Are we really ready for VLSI 2

The industry's technological ability to construct complex circuit functions is in danger of far outstripping its ability to conceive and design products that can utilize the complexity. The few exceptions are mostly memories. The efforts attempting to utilize broadly the technology require qualitatively different commitments than has been the case historically in the semiconductor industry. Systems architecture, software and the need for customer support systems vie with lithography, film deposition and diffusion for resources. There are enough different forces coming to bear to indicate that it is not clear that industry will continue to be driven by the processing technology. This address will attempt to describe principal changes taking place that could affect the structure of the solid-state electronic industries.
Low humidity occupational dermatosis - an epidemic.

A large outbreak of a dermatosis amongst employees in a soft contact lens factory is reported. The itchy, scaly, red eruption occurred on the lace and neck, females with a fair complexion being most frequently affected. The condition was found to be the result of low relative humidity in the ambient atmosphere with additional local factors also involved.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR AND TYPE II 5α-REDUCTASE GENES IN PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT

Purpose: We examined the association of androgen receptor gene cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length and the 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms A49T and V89L in the type II 5α-reductase gene with prostate enlargement measured as the weight of the surgically removed prostate.Materials and Methods: A total of 68 men with a prostate weighing 80 gm. or greater were compared with 197 controls with a prostate weighing less than 80 gm. These men had undergone radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 1996. DNA was extracted from archival prostate tissue uninvolved with cancer and genotyped for 3 polymorphic markers. The effects of genetic variants and clinicopathological variables on prostate enlargement risk were estimated by logistic regression.Results: The age adjusted odds ratio estimate of prostate enlargement risk in men with 23 or greater versus 20 or fewer CAG repeats was 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.89). This risk reduction was consistently found when an alternative prostate enlargement de...
Failure modes in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

Commercial plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated in an effort to elucidate the failure modes during thermal-cycling. Residual stresses in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) was measured using the Cr3+ photoluminescence piezo-spectroscopy (PLPS) method and the microstructures of the TBCs were characterized as a function of thermal cycles. The average residual stress in the TGO was found to be of the order of 1 GPa. The average thermal-cyclic life of the TBCs was found to be ∼350 cycles. Microstructural observations revealed that as the TGO thickened, cracking occurred at the bond-coat/TGO interface, and in some instances cracking also occurred at the TGO/top-coat interface, but primarily at crests of bond-coat undulations. The bond-coat-TGO separation resulted in ‘layering’ of the TGO at crests due to enhanced TGO thickening in those regions. In the troughs of bond-coat undulations, cracking occurred within the top-coat when the TGO was thick. Thus, the primary failure modes in these TBCs were: (i) cracking of the bond-coat/TGO interface; (ii) cracking within the top-coat; and (iii) linking of these microcracks by fracture of the TGO. A semi-quantitative failure model has been used to rationalize some of the observed cracking modes. Based on this analysis some suggestions are made for improving TBC durability.
Effect of resistance training on arterial wave reflection and brachial artery reactivity in normotensive postmenopausal women

Large elastic artery stiffness increases with age and menopause is a mitigating factor in women. High-intensity resistance training (RT) increases arterial stiffness in young men and women. However, the effects of moderate intensity RT on central aortic pressure wave reflection in healthy postmenopausal women are unknown. Healthy sedentary normotensive postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either 18 weeks (2 days/week) of RT (RES n = 13) or aerobic training (AER n = 10). Central aortic pressure wave reflection and brachial artery reactivity were assessed before and after training. Central aortic pressure wave reflection was evaluated by measuring aortic augmentation index (AIa) and round trip travel time (Δt p) of the reflected arterial pressure wave using applanation tonometry. Brachial artery reactivity was assessed using brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Eighteen weeks of RT did not change AIa (28.9 ± 1.9 vs. 28.5 ± 1.9%; mean ± S.E.M.) or Δt p (140.6 ± 2.4 vs. 141.2 ± 2.1 ms). In contrast, the AER group showed a decrease in AIa from 28.8 ± 2.1 to 25.1 ± 1.4% (P < 0.05) and an increase in Δt p from 137.3 ± 2.5 to 144.6 ± 2.9 ms (P < 0.05). Brachial FMD did not significantly change in either group following training. This prospective, randomized study demonstrated that moderate intensity whole body RT in previously sedentary, normotensive postmenopausal women does not alter central aortic pressure wave reflection.
Experimental Determination of the Inelastic Neutron Form Factor by the Scattering of 12-GeV Muons on Hydrogen, Carbon, and Copper

Results for the ratios of the muon inelastic-scattering cross sections on carbon and copper to the cross sections on hydrogen, measured in the same experiment, are presented. The data are consistent with ratios of cross sections for real photoabsorption. In the kinematical region where coherent diffractive effects should be small or absent we find that the inelastic cross section varies as ${A}^{0.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01}$ and that $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}}=0.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$.
Morphometric image analysis of neuropil threads in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Neuropil threads were quantitated in the neuropil (excluding senile plaques) of the superior frontal gyrus of 6 late stage patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 6 age-matched control subjects using tau immunocytochemistry and computerized morphometric image analysis. The mean percent of the area of the neuropil occupied by neuropil threads was 10.6 for AD and 0.19 for controls ( p −10 ). The mean length of neuropil threads in AD was 21.9μ compared with 19.7μ for controls ( p −10 ). The mean area of neuropil threads was 25.3μ 2 for AD and 21.3μ 2 for controls ( p −10 ). In AD, the threads were most prominent in mid cortex (lamina 2 and 3) and least prominent in the lower cortex (lamina 5 and 6). Neuropil threads appear to lead to severe disorganization of intracortical and corticocortical connectivity and probably play a role in the cognitive failure in AD.
Photoemission from small organic crystals into gases

Abstract Electrons emitted from micron-sized positively charged crystals in relatively dense gases in the presence of a levitating external field can escape recapture. The observed photoemission yield depends on the electron kinetic energy, the gas pressure, the particle size and state of charge, and the magnitude of the external field. Data and a theory are presented to describe the probability of escape. For organic crystals, photoemission due to a binuclear process, can exhibit various light intensity dependences. This may be accomplished by varying the triplet exciton concentration in the crystal. A theory to account for this effect using the concept of excitonic detrapping at recombination centers is presented.
To be, or not to be, a flower — control of floral meristem identity

Sexual reproduction in higher plants occurs within the flower, which develops from the floral meristem, a specialized form of lateral meristems. The decision to become a floral meristem is highly regulated, and several genes controlling this process have been isolated. Some of these genes were shown to promote the floral fate precociously and ectopically when expressed constitutively. Furthermore, studies indicate the commitment to the floral fate is not a single switch, but a condition acquired progressively. Finally, genes controlling flowering time, at least in part, act through the floral-meristem-identity genes, and such interactions occur at multiple levels.
WHEN DOES VOICE LEAD TO EXIT? IT DEPENDS ON LEADERSHIP

We examine the unit-level relationship between employee voice and exit with multi- source data collected over two time periods in 136 restaurants. We find that three managerial characteristics that signal the ability and willingness to engage in change- management team change orientation, manager participation in decision making, and manager access to organizational resources-moderate the unit-level relationship between voice and exit: Employee voice is positively related to turnover when each of these factors is low and negatively related to turnover when each is high. Implications for research on voice, leadership, and turnover are discussed.
Dosimetric quality and evolution of edema after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for small prostates: Implications for the use of newer isotopes

Abstract Purpose To characterize prostate swelling and dosimetry in patients with small prostate volumes (PVs) undergoing brachytherapy. Methods and Materials We studied 25 patients with PV Results Small PVs had greater Day 1 swelling than large PVs (32.5% increase in volume vs. 23.7%, p = 0.04), but by Day 30, swelling was minimal and not significantly different ( p = 0.44). Small PVs had greater seed and needle densities at implant ( p V 100 ] = 0.32 cc; large PV rectum V 100 = 0.33 cc, p = 0.99; small PV urethra receiving 150% of the prescription dose [145 Gy] [ V 150 ] = 0.20, large PV urethra V 150 = 0.20, p = 0.91). Swelling at Day 1 created some cool implants (rate dose that covers 90% of the prostate volume [ D 90 p = 0.71), but Day 30 planning target volume coverage was excellent (rate D 90 Conclusions Although smaller prostates have greater Day 1 swelling, good Day 30 dosimetry can be achieved, making them excellent candidates for 125 I seeds (half-life [ t ½] = 60 days). Smaller prostates may be suboptimal for shorter t ½ sources such as 131 Cs ( t ½ = 9.7 days), in which the majority of the dose may be delivered to an edematous gland, unless the planning is adjusted to anticipate the edema.
Biomarkers of aging: combinatorial or systems model?

Systemwide functional and structural changes caused by the aging process encourage the implementation of new bioinformatics search strategies for markers of aging. Combinatorial biomarkers should b...
Recombinant protective antigen 102 (rPA102): profile of a second-generation anthrax vaccine.

Recent terrorist attacks involving the use of Bacillus anthracis spores have stimulated interest in the development of new vaccines for anthrax prevention. Studies of the pathogenesis of anthrax and of the immune responses following infection and immunization underscore the pivotal role that antibodies to the protective antigen play in protection. The most promising vaccine candidates contain purified recombinant protective antigen. Clinical trials of one of these, recombinant protective antigen (rPA)102, are underway. Initial results suggest that rPA102 is well tollerated and immunogenic. Additional trials are necessary to identify optimal formulations and immunization regimens for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis. Future licensure of these and other candidate vaccines will depend on their safety and immunogenicity profiles in humans, and their ability to confer protection in animal models of inhalational anthrax.
Coumarins of Artemisia dracunculoides and 3′,6-dimethoxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone in A. arctica

Abstract Six coumarins were isolated from Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh. Two of these are new, 7,8-methylenedioxy-6-methoxycoumarin and the γ,γ-dimethylallyl ether of scopoletin. The four others were scopoletin, scoparone, daphnetin methylene ether and daphnetin 7-methyl ether. Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. saxicola (Rydb.) Hulten yielded 3′,6-dimethoxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone.
X-Ray-Opaque Reinforcing Fillers for Composite Materials

Clear, colorless glasses that absorb roentgen rays were prepared by melting together compounds yielding silica, boric oxide, alumina, barium oxide, and barium fluoride. Barium made the glasses radiopaque, fluoride lowered the refractive indexes, and alumina tended to stabilize the glasses. These glasses are part of the reinforcing fillers for composite dental restorative materials.
Why Major Programs Need Innovation Support Labs: An Example from the Space Shuttle Launch Program at KSC

For over 30 years the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has processed the Space Shuttle; handling all hands-on aspects from receiving the Orbiter, External Tanks, Solid Rocket Booster Segments, and Payloads, through certification, check-out, and assembly, and ending with fueling, count-down, and launch. A team of thousands have worked this highly complicated, yet supremely organized, process and have, as a consequence, generated an exceptional amount of technology to solve a host of problems. This paper describes the contributions of one team that formed with the express purpose to help solve some of these diverse Shuttle ground processing problems.
Focus talk on interactions between jets and medium

The energy and momentum lost by a hard parton propagating through hot and dense matter has to be redistributed during the nuclear medium evolution. Apart from heating the medium, there is the possibility that collective modes are excited leading to the emergence of Mach cones or Cherenkov radiation. Recent two-particle correlation measurements by STAR [F. Wang [STAR Collaboration], J. Phys. G 30 , S1299 (2004) [ arXiv:nucl-ex/0404010 ]; C. Gagliardi, these proceedings] and PHENIX [S. S. Adler et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], arXiv:nucl-ex/0507004 ; N. Ajitanand, these proceedings] at RHIC indicate that such phenomena may play an important role in understanding the jet-medium interactions. Possible collective modes are discussed and it is demonstrated that Mach cones as created by colorless or colored sound are a possible explanation of the hardronic two-particle correlation data.
NMR studies of indirect bismuth-fluorine coupling in polycrystalline KBiF6

Abstract A bismuth-fluorine coupling constant of magnitude 2.7 ± 0.3 kcps was obtained from the shape of the 19F NMR spectrum of polycrystalline KBiF6. The effect of the spin-spin coupling on the spectrum was pronounced only near 20° because of the presence of motional narrowing of 19F together with the absence of rapid quadrupolar relaxation of 209Bi at that temperature. The shape of the spectrum was independent of the Larmor frequency from about 30 to 65 Mcps at 20°.
Effect of adolescent pregnancy on final adult height in non-Hispanic white women

Purpose The objective of this study is to examine the effect of pregnancy on final adult height in women whose first live birth occurred in adolescence (<age 18) compared to women whose first live birth in adulthood (≥age 18).
The use of Gd-loaded scintillation detector systems for inverse beta decay reactions

The results of calculations carried out to determine the time frame and spatial separation of neutron captures in Gd resulting from inverse beta decay reactions are presented for a modular neutrino detector system.
Defining characteristic or unrealistic ideal: Historical and contemporary perspectives on scientist-practitioner training in counselling psychology

Counselling psychologists have affirmed their allegiance to the scientist-practitioner (S-P) model through all of the discipline's major conferences in the United States of America, and the philosophy has been critical to training across the globe. Despite the centrality of this training approach to counselling psychology's identity, no comprehensive overview of the field's history with the model has been undertaken. A review spanning sixty years describes the evolving relationship between the S-P model and counselling psychology and also points to historical and current challenges within that relationship.
Effect of acrylamide on neurotransmitter metabolism and neuropeptide levels in several brain regions and upon circulating hormones

The effect of acute and subchronic acrylamide treatment on levels of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites was determined in several brain regions of the rat. Concentrations of several neuropeptides and circulating hormones were also measured. Both a single and repeated doses of acrylamide resulted in elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in all regions studied (frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, brain stem, and hypothalamus). Changes in regional content of other monoamines were much less pronounced. Turnover studies following pargyline blockage of monoamine oxidase, suggested results were due to increased rates of serotonin turnover in acrylamide-treated rats.
The Human Alpha Defensin HD5 Neutralizes JC Polyomavirus Infection by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Traffic and Stabilizing the Viral Capsid

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options, both clinically and in the research pipeline. Potential therapies would target and neutralize its etiologic agent, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). The innate immune response to JCPyV infection has not been studied, and little is known about the initial host response to polyomavirus infection. This study examined the ability of a human alpha defensin, HD5, to neutralize JCPyV infection in human fetal glial cells. We show that HD5, by binding to the virion, blocks infection. The JCPyV-HD5 complexes bind to and enter host cells but are reduced in their ability to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where virions are normally uncoated. Furthermore, HD5 binding to the virion stabilizes the capsid and prevents genome release. Our results show that HD5 neutralizes JCPyV infection at an early postentry step in the viral life cycle by stabilizing the viral capsid and disrupting JCPyV trafficking. This study provides a naturally occurring platform for developing antivirals to treat PML and also expands on the known capabilities of human defensins.
A New Perspective for Time Delayed Control Systems With Application to Vibration Suppression

Most control systems are contaminated with some level of time delay. Whether it appears due to the inherent system dynamics or because of the sensory feedback, the delay has to be resolved regarding the system stability. We explain an unprecedented and fundamental treatment of time delay in a general class of linear time invariant systems (LTI) following a strategy, which we call the ‘Direct Method’ . The strengths of the method lie in recognizing two interesting and novel features, which are typical for this class of systems. These features enable a structured strategy to be formed for analyzing the stability of LTI-TDS (Time Delayed Systems). Vibration control settings are not immune from time delay effects. We present a case study on active control of vibration using linear full state feedback. We then apply the Direct Method on this structure to display the stability outlook along the axis of delay. There appears an interesting property, which is related to the determination of the imaginary (i.e. marginally stable) roots of LTI-TDS. We state a general lemma and proof on this point.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Effects of protein and juglone on gypsy moths: growth performance and detoxification enzyme activity

The individual and interactive effects of dietary protein and juglone on larval performance and midgut detoxification enxymes were investigated for the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar. The experimental design was a 2 × 3 factorial, with two levels of protein and three levels of juglone. We monitored survival/development rates from egg hatch to pupation and conducted fourth-instar feeding trials for determination of nutritional indices. Enzyme solutions were prepared from midguts of fifth instars and assayed for polysubstrate monooxygenase, esterase, quinone reductase, and glutathione transferase activities. Results showed that low protein levels prolonged development times, increased consumption rates, and reduced pupal weights. Juglone markedly reduced survival, growth, and consumption rates, increased development times, and reduced pupal weights. The interaction between protein and juglone influenced larval digestion efficiencies and female pupal weights. Polysubstrate monooxygenase activities were unaffected by diet, whereas esterase activities increased in response to both low dietary protein and presence of juglone. Low protein levels increased soluble quinone reductase activities but decreased glutathione transferase activities. Glutathione transferase activities were lowest in larvae fed low-protein, high-juglone diets and may have contributed to the especially poor performance of larvae on those diets. Quinone reductase and glutathione transferase are the systems of importance in detoxification of juglone, and moderate to low activities of these enzymes may explain why gypsy moths perform poorly on members of the Juglandaceae.
Anticonflict effects of the 5-HT1A compound flesinoxan.

The new phenylpiperazine derivative flesinoxan, a potent and selective serotonin1A (5-HT1A) agonist, was examined under a procedure that has proved to be a reliable and sensitive method for detecting novel anxiolytic drugs believed to produce their effects at the 5-HT 1A receptor subtype. Key pecking by pigeons was maintained by the presentation of food following every 30th response in the presence of a white keylight; during an alternate component, correlated with a red keylight, every 30th response produced food and electric shock which suppressed responding (punishment). Flesinoxan doses from 0.001 to 0.3 mg/ kg, intramuscularly, produced significant increases in punished responding at doses that did not affect unpunished responding. Doses of flesinoxan between 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg also increased punished responding but produced decreases in responding that was not punished. In a second study flesinoxan substituted for the 5-HT1A anxiolytic buspirone under a drug discrimination procedure, providing furthe...
Intraperitoneal cisplatin: comparison of antitumor activity and toxicity as a function of solvent saline concentration

The use of increasing concentrations of NaCl in the solvent during administration of cisplatin is known to decrease nephrotoxicity, but its effect on antitumor activity is less certain. A murine tumor model employing the subrenal capsule assay was used to test the toxicity and antitumor activity of intraperitoneal cisplatin at different doses of the drug using varying concentrations of NaCl in the vehicle of administration. Toxicity (measured by LD50, weight loss, and nephrotoxicity) was significantly lower in mice treated with cisplatin prepared in 4.5% NaCl as compared to cisplatin prepared in distilled water (DW) or 0.9% NaCl. Administration of 4.5% NaCl subcutaneously along with intraperitoneal cisplatin prepared in DW failed to decrease toxicity. Despite lower toxicity, no decrease in antitumor activity could be demonstrated based on increasing concentrations of NaCl in the solvent during intraperitoneal therapy.
Human liver microsomal steroid metabolism: Identification of the major microsomal steroid hormone 6β-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 enzyme

Cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid hormone metabolism was studied in isolated human liver microsomal fractions. 6 beta hydroxylation was shown to be the major route of NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism (greater than or equal to 75% of total hydroxylated metabolites) with each of three steroid substrates, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone. With testosterone, 2 beta and 15 beta hydroxylation also occurred, proceeding at approximately 10% and 3-4% the rate of microsomal 6 beta hydroxylation, respectively, in each of the liver samples examined. Rates for the three steroid 6 beta-hydroxylase activities were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.95-0.97 for 25 individual microsomal preparations), suggesting that a single human liver P-450 enzyme is the principal microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase catalyst with all three steroid substrates. Steroid 6 beta-hydroxylase rates correlated well with the specific content of human P-450NF (r = 0.69-0.83) and with its associated nifedipine oxidase activity (r = 0.80), but not with the rates for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, phenacetin O-deethylase, or S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activities or the specific contents of their respective associated P-450 forms in these same liver microsomes (r less than 0.2). These correlative observations were supported by the selective inhibition of human liver microsomal 6 beta hydroxylation by antibody raised to either human P-450NF or a rat homolog, P-450 PB-2a. Anti-P-450NF also inhibited human microsomal testosterone 2 beta and 15 beta hydroxylation in parallel to the 6 beta-hydroxylation reaction. This antibody also inhibited rat P-450 2a-dependent steroid hormone 6 beta hydroxylation in uninduced adult male rat liver microsomes but not the steroid 2 alpha, 16 alpha, or 7 alpha hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by other rat P-450 forms. Finally, steroid 6 beta hydroxylation catalyzed by either human or rat liver microsomes was selectively inhibited by NADPH-dependent complexation of the macrolide antibiotic triacetyloleandomycin, a reaction that is characteristic of members of the P-450NF gene subfamily (P-450 IIIA subfamily). These observations establish that P-450NF or a closely related enzyme is the major catalyst of steroid hormone 6 beta hydroxylation in human liver microsomes, and furthermore suggest that steroid 6 beta hydroxylation may provide a useful, noninvasive monitor for the monooxygenase activity of this hepatic P-450 form.
Relationship of surface composition to enhanced methanation activity over cobalt single crystals

Abstract The enhanced methane synthesis over cobalt foils previously reported is here related to the surface composition of single crystal cobalt samples activated under the same surface treatments utilized in the previous work. It is observed that the enhanced methanation activity can be related to the presence of a surface cobalt oxide on the activated samples.
ATOMIC-STRUCTURE OF SIO2 GLASS AND ITS RESPONSE TO PRESSURE

We describe the results of Monte Carlo simulations of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ glass based on a covalent-potential model of tetrahedral Si-O bonding. The potential model has been shown to accurately reproduce the structure, compression mechanisms, and phase stability of the corresponding crystalline and liquid phases. The simulations are in good agreement with the measured equation of state of silica glass. We compare the simulated structure with experimental data directly by performing ``experiments'' on the simulated glass---determining the expected diffraction pattern based on our simulated structure---and find good agreement with the observed structure. We show that, unlike the case in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ crystals, changes in the local structure of glass are insufficient to account for its compression. Measures of the medium-range structure, including cluster population and geometry and ring statistics, vary significantly with pressure and indicate a significant topological component to the compression of glass. We use a simple model for the effects of ring formation on density to analyze the topological changes and show that characteristic ring size increases with increasing compression, consistent with the increase in ring size with increasing density found previously in tectosilicate crystals and in simulations of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ liquid. We discuss prospects for experimental verification of the predicted pressure-induced structural changes.
The effects of a triazole fungicide, propiconazole, on pollen germination, tube growth and cytoskeletal distribution in Tradescantia virginiana

The effects of propiconazole on germination and tube growth of Tradescantia virginiana pollen when incorporated in germination media at 0, 102, 136, or 170 μl l−1 were evaluated using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Propiconazole inhibited pollen germination, cytoplasmic streaming, and tube elongation. Treatments also induced abnormal tube morphology and cytoskeletal distribution. Tubes treated with propiconazole displayed weaker microfilament (Mf) signals along the pollen tubes, with amorphous staining. Microtubule (Mt) distribution was also severely affected. In treated tubes, the proximal portions had characteristically fragmented Mts. Fewer Mt bundles were seen in the subapical region, and these were located further from the apex. Propiconazole effects were generally concentration dependent. The results indicate that propiconazole affects both Mfs and Mts; however, the effects may be an indirect result of the drug's influence on membranes.
Effect of calcium salt of versene upon metabolism of plutonium in the rat.

Conclusion1. Oral administration of Versene in the rat at a toxic range did not produce a marked depletion of plutonium in soft tissues and had but little effect upon skeletal content. 2. When given parenterally large amounts of Versene depleted the skeletal content to a significant degree. 3. Under these conditions the absorption of plutonium from the intramuscular site of injection was increased. 4. These experiments indicate that it would appear that the use of Versene in chronic human plutonium poisoning offers little promise. 5. The prompt administration of Versene in large amounts might conceivably be of benefit when plutonium has entered the body by cuts or abrasions.
A brief discussion of the history, strengths and limitations of conceptual climate models for pre-Quaternary time

Although it has been recognized at least since the time of Darwin and Agassiz that climate has varied significantly over geologic time, the study of global palaeoclimate did not come into its own until the theory of continental drift became ascendant. Initial studies in the early 1960s used climate models to test the reconstructions of continental positions. These studies, many collected in a pair of symposium volumes edited by A. E. M. Nairn, used a zonal model of climate or simple modifications thereof to predict how certain palaeoclimatic indicators — principally evaporites, coals, carbonates, red beds, and eolian sandstones — should be distributed on the continents through time if the continental reconstructions were correct. Even at that early stage in the development of continental reconstructions, past patterns of sedimentation were more clearly explained than had previously been the case.
Nuclear binding of the estrogen receptor in whole uteri.

Abstract In order to show whether the estrogen complex (ER) in the intact cell binds to some nuclear component or whether it is in free equilibrium between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, we incubated intact uteri under conditions which increased the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic ER. These conditions included (a) the use of sucrose at concentrations greater than 0.75 M, (b) ethanol at 7.5% to 10%, or (c) 1 mM mercuric chloride or phenylmercuric acetate. Whereas (b) and (c) increased the ratio by preferentially denaturing the cytoplasmic ER, (a) caused ER to move from the cytoplasm into the nucleus by an undetermined mechanism. Uteri with a high ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic ER were then washed, incubated in fresh “normal” incubation media, fractionated and the location of ER determined. If ER binding does occur in the nucleus, the high ratio of nuclear ER to cytoplasmic ER should be maintained, whereas if ER is in an equilibrium in the cell, ER should redistribute and reestablish the “normal” ratio. In all cases studied; i.e., after pretreatment with sucrose at different concentrations, ethanol at different concentrations and either mercuric chloride or phenylmercuric acetate, the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic ER remained high, suggesting that ER binds to some nuclear component in intact cells.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Diarrheal-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (D+HUS)

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Diarrheal-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (D+HUS)
Methods for reducing momentary interruptions in distribution systems

Momentary interruptions in the distribution system occur due to recloser operations and automated switching. With increasing use of reclosers and switching operations as part of distribution automation, momentary interruptions have become prominent causing concerns about reliability. This can affect the sensitive loads in the system. An innovative technique to reduce momentary interruptions and thus mitigate MAIFI in a distribution system is proposed in this paper. The proposed methods describe strategies with and without communication, for protection devices, to isolate the customers downstream of a fault before first reclosing operation of a recloser and thus reduce momentary blinks seen by customers on faulted feeder. The technique can be equally applied for topologies like radial, looped and meshed systems. The methods are demonstrated and results reported on a distribution backbone taken from Bus 2 of Roy Billinton Test System.