cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying the Model for Improvement to a Student-run Quality Improvement Project in a Refugee Center: A Pilot Study.

Due to insufficient communication strategies between healthcare providers and refugees in the United States, this quality improvement project aimed to improve disparity in refugee healthcare. We chose to focus on community pharmacist counseling sessions with refugees in the city of Rochester, New York. The two refugee populations we focused on were the Burmese and Nepali. Due to illiteracy in their native language, the refugees were not receptive to a pamphlet detailing the beneficial roles a pharmacy can have in improving their health and wellbeing. We created a pictorial survey of pharmacies near a refugee center to identify the pharmacies the refugees were utilizing in the area. Once we identified these pharmacies, we created a counseling aid booklet translating common pharmacy language/terms into English, Burmese, and Nepalese languages supported by pictorial diagrams. The counseling aid booklet was evaluated by pharmacists using a satisfaction scale. Overall, the counseling aid booklet was found to be helpful for the pharmacist’s daily interaction with refugee populations. Further plans for the counseling aid booklet include adding more pharmacy counseling terms for common disease states in refugee populations, making the book more inclusive of other languages, and implementation in more community pharmacies and other diverse healthcare settings. Article Type: Student Project
Sb-based third generation at Center for Quantum Devices

Sb-based III-V semiconductors are a promising alternative to HgCdTe. They can be produced with a similar bandgap to HgCdTe, but take advantage of the strong bonding between group III and group V elements which leads to very stable materials, good radiation hardness, and high uniformity. In this paper, we will discuss the recent progress of our research and present the main contributions of the Center for Quantum Devices to the Sb-based 3th generation imagers.
Red cell membrane disorders: structure meets function

The mature red blood cell (RBC) lacks a nucleus and organelles characteristic of most cells, but it is elegantly structured to perform the essential function of delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from all other cells while enduring the shear stress imposed by navigating small vessels and sinusoids. Over the past several decades, the efforts of biochemists, cell and molecular biologists, and hematologists have provided an appreciation of the complexity of RBC membrane structure, while studies of the RBC membrane disorders have offered valuable insights into structure-function relationships. Within the last decade, advances in genetic testing and its increased availability have made it possible to substantially build upon this foundational knowledge. Although disorders of the RBC membrane due to altered structural organization or altered transport function are heterogeneous, they often present with common clinical findings of hemolytic anemia. However, they may require substantially different management depending on the underlying pathophysiology. Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid emergence of complications or inappropriate interventions. We propose an algorithm for laboratory evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of hemolytic anemia with a focus on RBC membrane disorders. Here, we review the genotypic and phenotypic variability of the RBC membrane disorders in order to raise the index of suspicion and highlight the need for correct and timely diagnosis.
Foot injury survival in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)

Abstract Recovery of the U. S. Federal Endangered Species Act-listed white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) in California, USA depends on the success of a captive breeding program, which requires collection of wild broodstock to maintain genetic diversity. Foot damage is frequently sustained during collection and handling, and severe injuries can be fatal. This study used the proxy species red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) to investigate the ability of abalone to survive foot injury by administering foot injuries varying in severity and monitoring subsequent health and survival. In a preliminary study, 6/6 farm-origin 55–70 mm animals survived two types of injury while 5/6 survived a third type of injury. We then conducted a definitive study using 24 wild-origin animals (165–207 mm) and three intensified injury treatments. Five of six animals that received a deep tissue incision were dead the following morning, presumably from acute hemolymph loss, and the remaining animal in that treatment group died on day 41 with a systemic bacterial infection. Nine of twelve abalone that received loss of either 8% or 17% of foot sole epithelium survived until experiment termination at day 90, at which time all survivors were regenerating epithelial tissues, as evident by histology. This study suggests that abalone may be more capable of surviving significant superficial foot damage that can occur during collection and handling, at least in a captive rearing environment, than has been previously recognized.
Psychotropic medication use in treatment-seeking youth with eating disorders.

Objective Psychotropic medication use in youth with eating disorders (EDs) is poorly understood despite high co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders. This study examined characteristics associated with medication use in treatment-seeking youth with EDs. Method Youth up to age 18 reported on medication use when presenting to an academic medical center outpatient ED service in the United States. Data presented were collected between 1998-2015. Results The sample (N = 604) was predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 15.3 years (SD = 2.3). Approximately one-third (30%, n = 173) were taking psychotropic medications (40%, n = 70, were taking multiple medications). Antidepressant use was most common (26%, n = 152), followed by atypical antipsychotics (8%, n = 43). Adjusting for co-occurring psychiatric disorders, non-Hispanic Whites who had received prior treatment (psychotherapy, hospitalization) were significantly more likely to be using medication. Longer illness duration and prior treatment were associated with greater antidepressant use. For atypical antipsychotics, prior hospitalization was associated with greater use. Conclusions Findings confirm moderate psychotropic medication use among young patients with EDs despite a lack of clarity regarding optimally effective pharmacologic interventions in this population. Pharmacological trials examining the efficacy of medications for young patients with EDs are warranted to inform future prescribing practice.
The Proto-Oncogene Fyn Inhibits the Anti-Glioblastoma Immune Response

ABSTRACT In vivo genetic knockdown of the proto-oncogene Fyn in immunocompetent mouse glioma models significantly extended survival by 25%-77%. GSEA analysis of DE genes revealed a highly significant enrichment of gene ontologies related to immune function such as STAT-1 regulated cell differentiation, IFNγ signaling, T cell activation, and NK cytotoxicity. At the gene level, STAT1, and downstream genes IFNγ, IRF1, NLRC5, CIITA, TAP1, CXCL9, CCL5, H2-Q4 and H2-DMa were upregulated in Fyn-knockdown tumors. These data indicate that Fyn downregulation increases expression of STAT1, a major coordinator of immune responses. These data predict that knockdown of Fyn should only extend survival in immunocompetent mice. Indeed, in immune-deficient NSG mice the effect of Fyn-knockdown was minimal. Our data indicate that Fyn exerts its main pro-tumoral activity by downregulating the anti-glioma immune response. We propose the specific inhibition of Fyn as a novel therapeutic target in gliomas.
Impact of fellow compared to resident assistance on outcomes of minimally invasive surgery.

As fellowship training after general surgery residency has become increasingly common, the impact on resident education must be considered. Patient safety and procedure outcomes are often used as justification by attendings who favor fellows over residents in certain minimally invasive surgery (MIS) operations. The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of trainee level on the outcomes of selected MIS operations to determine if giving preference to fellows on grounds of outcomes is warranted. Patients who underwent elective laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LHHR), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), laparoscopic splenectomy (LS), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), or laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) with assistance of a general surgery chief resident or fellow were identified from the American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2007–2012). Patients were matched 1:1 based on propensity score for the odds of undergoing operations assisted by a fellow. 5145 patients underwent LHHR, 1396 LSG, 9656 LRYGB, 863 LS, 13,434 LC, and 3069 LVHR. Fellows assisted in 41.7% of LHHR, 49.2% of LSG, 56.4% of LRYGB, 25.7% of LS, 17.1% of LC, and 27.0% of LVHR cases. After matching, overall and severe complication rates were comparable between cases performed with assistance of a fellow or chief resident. Median operative time was longer for LSG, LRYGB, and LC when a fellow assisted. Surgical outcomes were similar between fellow and chief resident assistance in MIS operations, arguing that increased resident participation in basic and complex laparoscopic operations is appropriate without compromising patient safety.
Hypovolemic shock due to ovarian bleeding

Background Ovulation may lead to abdominal pain. It is well-known that ovulation can cause intra-abdominal bleeding. However, literature on hypovolemic shock due to an ovarian bleeding is scarce. Case description A 30-year-old woman visited the emergency room because of acute pain of the lower abdomen. Her skin was pale, her vital signs were normal and a pregnancy test was negative. At presentation, her blood pressure decreased to 87/50 mmHg. Therefore, intra-abdominal bleeding was suspected and the gynecologist was consulted. On ultrasound, intraperitoneal fluid was seen, so we proceeded to emergency laparoscopy. During surgery, we found a bleeding corpus luteum (corpus rubrum) leading to 2.5 L of free intra-abdominal blood. The bleeding was stopped intraoperatively. Conclusion A bleeding corpus luteum can lead to hypovolemic shock. Ovarian bleeding should be considered in case of shock combined with lower abdominal pain, ultrasound should be performed promptly and the gynecologist has to be consulted.
Negative autoregulation by the Escherichia coli SoxS protein : a dampening mechanism for the soxRS redox stress response

The soxRS redox stress regulon of Escherichia coli is triggered in two stages, with the activated SoxR protein stimulating the soxS gene, whose product then triggers transcription of approximately 10 promoters. Genetic and biochemical experiments presented here show that SoxS protein also limits soxS transcription in vivo and binds the soxS promoter in vitro.
Fischer 344 rats are the same weight but are fatter than S5B P1Ras rats fed a high fat diet

Abstract Inbred strains of rats are excellent models to study genetics of diet-induced obesity. Six weanling rats from each of 4 strains, S5BP1Ras (S5B), Fischer 344, Osborne-Mendel (OM) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks until sacrifice. Body wt and length, food intake, fat depot and muscle weights, body composition and serum triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations were determined. Body weights were similar for S5B and Fischer 344 rats and both strains weighed significantly less than OM or SD rats. Fischer 344 and S5B rats also consumed less food than OM or SD rats. However, S5B rats utilized significantly more energy than the other strains rather than storing it as body fat. In Fischer 344, OM and SD rats, body fat ranged from 25 to 31% whereas body fat in S5B rats was 16 ± 1%. Differences were significant. Individual white fat depots weighed from 150 to 400% more in Fischer 344, OM and SD rats than in S5B rats. Body protein, expressed as g/100g carcass, was 30% greater in S5B than in Fischer 344 rats while the other two strains were intermediate. The same was true for muscle mass. Fischer 344 and SD rats fed a high fat diet were hyperinsulinemic whereas mean serum insulin concentrations were normal in S5B and OM rats. Fischer 344 rats had significantly lower serum glucose concentrations than OM rats but there were no other strain differences. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol and IGF-I concentrations were similar for the 4 strains.
Thymosin β4 sustained release from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres: synthesis and implications for treatment of myocardial ischemia

A sustained release formulation for the therapeutic peptide thymosin β4 (Tβ4) that can be localized to the heart and reduce the concentration and frequency of dose is being explored as a means to improve its delivery in humans. This review contains concepts involved in the delivery of peptides to the heart and the synthesis of polymer microspheres for the sustained release of peptides, including Tβ4. Initial results of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres synthesized with specific tolerances for intramyocardial injection that demonstrate the encapsulation and release of Tβ4 from double-emulsion microspheres are also presented.
Additive Maps Preserving the Reduced Minimum Modulus of Banach Space Operators

Let ${\mathcal B}(X)$ be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on an infinite dimensional complex Banach space $X$. We prove that an additive surjective map $\phi$ on ${\mathcal B}(X)$ preserves the reduced minimum modulus if and only if either there are bijective isometries $U:X\to X$ and $V:X\to X$ both linear or both conjugate linear such that $\phi(T)=UTV$ for all $T\in{\mathcal B}(X)$, or $X$ is reflexive and there are bijective isometries $U:X^*\to X$ and $V:X\to X^*$ both linear or both conjugate linear such that $\phi(T)=UT^*V$ for all $T\in{\mathcal B}(X)$. As immediate consequences of the ingredients used in the proof of this result, we get the complete description of surjective additive maps preserving the minimum, the surjectivity and the maximum moduli of Banach space operators.
Morder la pasión

Poemas de amor. Dario Jaramillo Agudelo. Fundacion Simon y Lola Guberek. Bogota, 1986. 90 Pags.
Correlation of burnout syndrome with specific coping strategies, behaviors, and spiritual attitudes among interns at Yale University, New Haven, USA

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the correlation of burnout syndrome with specific coping strategies, behaviors, and spiritual attitudes among interns in internal medicine, primary care, and internal medicine/pediatrics residency programs at two institutions. METHODS Intern physicians completed anonymous voluntary surveys prior to starting the internship in June 2009 and in the middle of the internship in February 2010. Three validated survey instruments were used to explore burnout, coping, and spiritual attitudes: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the COPE Inventory, and the Hatch Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale. The interns were in programs at the Yale University School of Medicine and a Yale-affiliated community hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. RESULTS The prevalence of self-identified burnout prior to starting the internship was 1/66 (1.5%) in June 2009, increasing to 10/53 (18.9%) in February 2010 (P<0.0001). From June 2009 to February 2010, the prevalence of high emotional exhaustion increased from 30/66 (45.5%) to 45/53 (84.9%) (P<0.0001), and that of high depersonalization increased from 42/66 (63.6%) to 45/53 (84.9%) (P=0.01). Interns who employed the strategies of acceptance and active coping were less likely to experience emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (P<0.05). Perceptions of high personal accomplishment was 75.5% and was positively correlated with total scores on the Hatch Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale, as well as the internal/fluid and existential/meditative domains of that instrument. Specific behaviors did not impact burnout. CONCLUSION Burnout increased during the intern year. Acceptance, active coping, and spirituality were correlated with less burnout. Specific behaviors were not correlated with burnout domains.
Male hormonal contraception: looking back and moving forward

Despite numerous contraceptive options available to women, approximately half of all pregnancies in the United States and worldwide are unplanned. Women and men support the development of reversible male contraception strategies, but none have been brought to market. Herein we review the physiologic basis for male hormonal contraception, the history of male hormonal contraception development, currents agents in development as well as the potential risks and benefits of male hormonal contraception for men.
Investigation of the chemical purity of silicon surfaces reacted with liquid methanol

The reaction of hydrogen-terminated Si(111) and oxide-terminated silicon surfaces with neat anhydrous liquid methanol (CH3OH) has been studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a function of solution temperature and immersion time. At 65 °C, reaction of atomically smooth H−Si(111) surfaces with CH3OH (l) results in partially methoxylated silicon surfaces that are free of any detectable subsurface oxidation (Si−O−Si bonds); this is in contrast to observable oxidation found after similar reactions on H−Si(100) surfaces. At long reaction times (t > 3 h), the Si(111) surface saturates with Si-OCH3 sites at a coverage of approximately 30% of a monolayer, with the residual ∼70% comprised of unreacted Si−H sites. The lack of any detectable silicon oxide makes it possible to conclude the following: (i) Reaction mechanisms involving insertion of oxygen atoms from the CH3OH molecule into the subsurface Si−Si back bonds cannot be dominant for (111)-oriented silicon under these conditions. (ii) T...
Extending the lessons of laboratory experiments on tax compliance to managerial and decision economics

In this paper we examine what experiments on tax compliance have revealed about compliance behavior, and we discuss what these experiments can reveal about managerial and decision economics. We draw two general conclusions from this discussion. First, compliance is a complicated decision, one that depends upon the financial incentives facing the decision-maker, including detection and punishment, but one that also depends upon many other factors that have not been considered by the standard economics-of-crime paradigm. Second, and as a consequence, broader approaches to the compliance decision are needed, ones that involve enforcement but that also encompass more complete models of behavior. Put differently, any company strategy based only on detection and punishment may well be a reasonable starting point for compliance but not a good ending point. Instead, what is needed is a multi-faceted approach that emphasizes enforcement, but that also emphasizes the broad range of motivations that explain why people obey rules and regulations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of satellite scintillations on zenith angle and azimuth.

Abstract An analysis of experimental data is made to determine the nature of the variation of scintillation index with the zenith angle and azimuth of the direction of propagation at an observing point on the Earth's surface. Scintillation observations of the Beacon Explorer satellites are employed which were made at a number of sites throughout Australasia ranging in geomagnetic latitude from 25° to 50° South. At all sites strong evidence is found for the existence of field-aligned columns and indeed, such irregularities appear to be the main cause of scintillations throughout the latitude range regardless of season or time of day. At the high and low latitude stations, some of the field-aligned columns show signs of being spread laterally in a direction a little to the east of magnetic north in all seasons. In the middle latitudes this effect is present only in the Summer and the equinoxes. During the Winter at these latitudes evidence for the existence of field-aligned sheets of large East-West extent is found. An improved understanding is obtained of the relationship between the occurrence of spread-F, deduced from bottomside and topside ionograms, and scintillations, in terms of the observed latitude variation in the shape of the irregularities which produce scintillations.
Military history of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an epidemiological study among U.S. veterans

Military history of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an epidemiological study among U.S. veterans
Critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation

Critical phenomena occur near continuous phase transitions. As a tuning parameter crosses its critical value, an order parameter increases as a power law. At criticality, order-parameter fluctuations diverge and their spatial correlation decays as a power law1. In systems where the tuning parameter and order parameter are coupled, the critical point can become an attractor, and self-organized criticality (SOC) results2,3. Here we argue, using satellite data, that a critical value of water vapour (the tuning parameter) marks a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition to a regime of strong atmospheric convection and precipitation (the order parameter)—with correlated regions on scales of tens to hundreds of kilometres. Despite the complexity of atmospheric dynamics, we find that important observables conform to the simple functional forms predicted by the theory of critical phenomena. In meteorology the term 'quasi-equilibrium' refers to a balance between slow large-scale driving processes and rapid release of buoyancy by moist convection4. Our study indicates that the attractive quasi-equilibrium state, postulated long before SOC (ref. 5), is the critical point of a continuous phase transition and is thus an instance of SOC.
HIPPOCAMPAL DEGENERATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPORAL AND LIMBIC GRAY MATTER/WHITE MATTER TISSUE CONTRAST IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Recent studies have demonstrated alterations in cortical gray to white matter tissue contrast with nondemented aging and in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little information exists about the clinical relevance of such changes. It is possible that changes in MRI tissue contrast occur via independent mechanisms from those traditionally used in the assessment of AD associated degeneration such as hippocampal degeneration measured by more traditional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We created cortical surface models of 95 cognitively healthy individuals and 98 individuals with AD to characterize changes in regional gray and white matter T1-weighted signal intensities in dementia and to evaluate how such measures related to classically described hippocampal and cortical atrophy. We found a reduction in gray matter to white matter tissue contrast throughout portions of medial and lateral temporal cortical regions as well as in anatomically associated regions including the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and medial frontal cortex. Decreases in tissue contrast were associated with hippocampal volume, however, the regional patterns of these associations differed for demented and nondemented individuals. In nondemented controls, lower hippocampal volume was associated with decreased gray/white matter tissue contrast globally across the cortical mantle. In contrast, in individuals with AD, selective associations were found between hippocampal volume and tissue contrast in temporal and limbic tissue. These results demonstrate that there are strong regional changes in neural tissue properties in AD which follow a spatial pattern including regions known to be affected from pathology studies. Such changes are associated with traditional imaging metrics of degeneration and may provide a unique biomarker of the tissue loss that occurs as a result of AD.
‘Fat’ triangulations, or solving certain nonconvex matrix optimization problems

In an earlier paper, the author proposed the problems of determining ‘optimal’ linear transformations of the triangulationsJ1 andK1, in the sense of minimizing their average directional density for a given mesh size. These tasks were also formulated as optimization problems where the variable is a matrix. Here we solve these problems, and another one which is analogously related to finding an ‘optimal’ linear transformation of the new triangulationJ′. We show thatJ1 andJ′ are themselves optimal, while the (α*β*) ofK1 developed by van der Laan and Talman is optimal. The latter theorem extends partial results of van der Laan and Talman and Eaves.
Spontaneous endocytosis in human neonatal and adult red blood cells: Comparison to drug-induced endocytosis and to receptor-mediated endocytosis

Neonatal RBC contain many more spontaneous endocytic vacuoles than do adult RBC. It is not known if this difference is a result of an increase in production of vacuoles in the neonatal RBC (as is the case in drug-induced endocytosis), or is the result of a less effective neonatal macrophagic "pitting" process. Using an in vitro model of spontaneous endocytosis, we compared the rate and quantity of vacuoles and the shape of cord and adult RBC containing pits, visible by interference contrast microscopy (Nomarski method). The mechanism of the spontaneous endocytosis was explored using different inhibitors: sodium vanadate an inhibitor of ATPases, sodium fluoride which inhibits the generation of ATP and sodium cyanide a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. We then compared spontaneous endocytosis with two other forms of RBC endocytosis: drug-induced endocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Spontaneous endocytosis is in fact increased in neonatal RBC initially but the increase in number of RBC containing pits after 144 hr of incubation is almost the same in adult RBC and neonatal RBC. Comparing spontaneous endocytosis with drug-induced endocytosis, it appears that their mechanisms are different in that spontaneous endocytosis is not preceded by stomatocytic shape change and is not inhibited by sodium vanadate or sodium fluoride as is the case for drug-induced endocytosis. Spontaneous endocytosis is different than transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis because it occurs in many RBC, not only in the motile R1 reticulocytes and is not inhibited by sodium cyanide as is receptor-mediated endocytosis. Thus spontaneous endocytosis appears to be different than drug-induced endocytosis and transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. The increase in spontaneous endocytosis in cord RBC seen in vivo is probably a consequence of an immaturity of the neonatal macrophage pitting process.
Hedge Fund Investing: A Quantitative Approach to Hedge Fund Manager Selection and De-Selection

This paper introduces a number of quantitative tools for manager selection, due diligence, and the ongoing monitoring of hedge funds that we believe to be particularly suited to the nature of hedge fund returns. The analyses introduced typically address information relevant to the entire distribution function as compared to the more conventional practice of utilizing lower moments such as mean returns and standard deviations. They start by illustrating the degree to which dispersion occurs in hedge fund returns, indicating the need for a high level of both quantitative and qualitative manager selection. They note a strong relationship between volatility and the inter-quartile return statistic that may be a result of the leveraged nature of the strategies involved. They then test the hypothesis that hedge fund performance will persist, suggesting through parametric and non-parametric tests that it is flawed. However, they find by comparison that risk, as defined by volatility, is highly persistent and conclude that this strongly supports a risk budget approach to hedge fund allocation, offering a new, objective algorithm for risk budgeting. For manager selection, they propose the use of the Hurst exponent in conjunction with the D-statistic to identify managers with persistent good performance, also introducing a formal methodology, utilizing a logit model to isolate the characteristics of a database of liquidated funds and find agreement with an earlier model proposed for liquidation. Finally, noting that while a manager9s returns, standard deviation, downside deviation, and a number of other statistics should be analyzed, they find the Omega function has particular relevance to hedge funds given its statistical equivalence to the return series and its sensitivity to the investor utility function.
Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle

The editors compiled this book with a very timely and important aim in mind, that of illustrating in a holistic manner some important changes that people's activities impose on water as it moves through the hydrologic cycle. The relations between atmospheric, surface and subsurface water quality relative to anthropogenic pollution have been a theme of environmental education for over 20 years; drawing together researchers from diverse disciplines to consider these links is still a much needed and timely activity. The editors have succeeded in putting together a collection of papers that illustrates chemical changes at several places in the hydrologic cycle. Unfortunately, most contributors to the volume give little explicit attention to the holistic theme.
Radiation Effects in GaAs MIS Schotiky Diodes

The electrical characteristics of GaAs MIS Schottky barrier diodes using a thin (~60 A) native oxide layer were evaluated before and after ionizing ?-ray irradiation and fast-neutron irradiation. No change in electrical behavior could be observed with a Cobalt-60? - irradiation level as high as 1.5 × 107 rads (Si) absorbed dose. The MIS diodes together with reference MS diodes were progressively irradiated with neutrons from a fluence of 5 × 1013 n/cm2 to 8 × 1014 n/cm2. Carrier compensation in GaAs is negligible at these radiation levels, but significant changes were observed in I-V characteristics. The low-voltage forward I-V exhibited an appreciable increase in depletion region recombination current resulting from a decrease in carrier lifetime, while the diode ideality factor was found to increase at higher forward voltages. The reverse current showed orders of magnitude increase with irradiation, and its strong field dependence and relatively weak temperature dependence suggests field emission through traps as possible mechanism of current flow. The attenuation in reverse current caused by the oxide layer is seen to be reduced after neutron irradiation. Finally, the increase in reverse current is found to vary approximately in proportion to the neutron fluence. The implications of radiation results on practical devices are briefly discussed.
A False Planet around HD 192263

We present new high-precision Stromgren photometry and Ca II H and K spectrophotometry of HD 192263. Based on radial velocity variations detected previously by two groups, this K2 V star was thought to host a 0.75 MJup (minimum mass) planetary companion in a 24 day orbit. Our photometric observations reveal periodic variations that match the purported planetary orbital period, while the Ca II H and K emission fluxes are modulated on half the planetary period. This suggests that rotational modulation of the visibility of stellar surface activity is the source of the observed radial velocity variations. Therefore, HD 192263 should be removed from lists of stars with well-established planetary companions unless further observations and analysis can support the existence of the planet in spite of the star's intrinsic variations.
A Note on Multigroup Comparisons Using SAS PROC CALIS

Although SAS PROC CALIS is not designed to perform multigroup comparisons, it is believed that SAS can be “tricked” into doing so for groups of equal size. At present, there are no comprehensive examples of the steps involved in performing a multigroup comparison in SAS. The purpose of this article is to illustrate these steps. We demonstrate procedures using an example to evaluate the measurement invariance of communication satisfaction and organizational justice across 2 groups. Following the approach outlined in Byrne (2004), we conduct the same analysis in AMOS and compare the results to those obtained in SAS. We show that the sample size must be input correctly and the degrees of freedom must be adjusted in order for the standard errors and goodness-of-fit statistics to be correct. In addition, several of the fit indexes must be modified to obtain the correct values.
Evaluation and extraction of the Accufix atrial J lead

Abstract The Accufix (Telectronics Pacing Systems, Englewood, Colo.) atrial active fixation pacemaker lead has a preformed J stiff retention wire than can fracture and erode through the atrium. We screened 85 patients with digital fluoroscopy and detected 18 (21%) lead fractures. Fourteen (16%) leads were successfully extracted by percutaneous techniques. The mean time for extraction and placement of a new atrial lead was 109 ± 53 min, and a lead > 1 year old but not in the presence of a fracture was associated with a significantly longer extraction time. There were two extraction complications. One patient had a fever following the extraction, and one patient had a focal sensory deficit 1 week after the extraction probably caused by a paradoxical embolus. Standard percutaneous extraction tools can be used for successful and safe removal of a fractured Accufix lead.
Initiating Student-Teacher Contact Via Personalized Responses to One-Minute Papers

Teachers have used many different techniques in efforts to augment engagement given the strong engagement-learning link. Teacher-student contact is one of the most effective tools for fostering engagement; however, some teachers find it hard to initiate contact in a way that seems natural. I present one method of initiating student-teacher contact: replying individually by e-mail to students' concerns raised in one-minute papers. I argue that, although this technique may require a greater time-commitment, the effort is worthwhile; it allows teachers to gauge and address students' misunderstandings effectively, and, at the same time, it can help teachers to establish contact with students in large classes or with quieter students and even help uncertain teachers to establish contact in a natural way.
Long‐term therapy of paget's disease of bone with ehdp

Forty patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated with intermittent courses of the diphosphonate, EHDP. Seven individuals had prolonged remissions after their initial course of therapy, nineteen responded to retreatment with 5 mg/kg of EHDP for 6 months of each year, while 14 patients required cycles of 20 mg/kg for 1 month of every 4. Improvement was indicated by alleviation of symptoms and reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Data suggesting a possible role for parathyroid hormone in the expression of Paget's disease are also discussed.
Comparison of Thermoresponsive Deswelling Kinetics of Poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate)-Based Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Prepared by “Graft-from” ATRP

Cross-linked thermoresponsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) hydrogels (poly(MEO2MA−OEOMA−HEMA hydrogels) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The hydroxyl groups in the formed gel networks were transformed to ATRP initiating sites containing 2-bromoisobutyrate groups, and the modified gels were used as macroinitiators for “graft-from” ATRP of MEO2MA and OEOMA. The thermoresponsive properties of the resulting comb-type grafted hydrogels were compared to their unmodified precursor hydrogels with respect to the transition temperatures and deswelling rates. The thermoresponsive properties could be customized by changing the grafting density, grafted chain length, and the chain composition. Furthermore, the deswelling kinetics of the prepared hydrogels were quantitatively analyzed by exponential fitting of water retention with time. This analysis demonstrate...
Energy balance and play in juvenile rats.

Abstract These experiments systematically analyzed the relationship between energy balance and play in the juvenile rat. As expected, depriving pups of food for 24 hours or more resulted in a reliable reduction in levels of play, with a single meal being sufficient to return play to baseline levels. Consumption of saccharin did not reverse deprivation-induced reductions of play. It is proposed that the food-induced restoration of play in food-deprived pups is perhaps reflective of normal satiety and may be useful in screening putative “satiety agents.” Naloxone, cholecystokinin and bombesin, all putative satiety agents, were tested for their ability to reverse deprivation-induced reduction of play. Only bombesin was marginally effective in increasing play of food deprived rats.
Clostridium difficile infection as a cause of severe sepsis.

Although colitis is often seen in critically ill patients who have received multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics, there are no reports describing severe sepsis as a result ofClostridium difficile infection. We describe three cases of severe sepsis with local intestinalClostridium difficile infection as the only identifiable etiology. The mechanism of severe sepsis may be a derangement of the gastrointestinal barrier function. This could result in absorption of microbes or endotoxin or activation of inflammatory cascades in the submucosa of the intestine or liver.
Irrigation Starting Time Effects on Cotton under High-Frequency Irrigation

Deciding wben to begin irrigating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is difficult because the positive effect of eliminating water stress may be offset by the negative effect of lowered soil temperature. Different starting times for high-frequency drip irrigation of cotton were investigated in a field having Olton clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustolls). Early irrigation (EI), started when seedlings had 3 mainstem nodes, was compared with delayed irrigation (DI-L), started at squaring when there were 7 mainstem nodes. Another delayed irrigation treatment (DI-H) received an initial large irrigation that equaled the cumulative amount of water applied by that time to the EI treatment. During the early irrigation period, 130 mm of water was applied in 1993 and 120 mm in 1994. Average soil temperature in the top 1000 mm during the early irrigation period was 25°C in the EI treatment, compared with 27°C in the DI treatment. During the late irrigation period, the average soil temperature was 24.5°C for El and 25.5°C for DI. At first bloom, plants were 30 mm taller in 1993 and 70 mm taller in 1994 in the El irrigation treatment, compared with the DI-L treatment. Lint production was greatest in the DI-L treatment in both years (1548 and 1630 kg ha -1 ), compared with the DI-H treatment (1467 and 1460 kg ha -1 and the El treatment (1447 and 1481 kg ha -1 ). Water use efficiency, based on the total of irrigation and rainfall, averaged 3.33, 2.42, and 2.36 leg lint ha-mm -1 for the DI-L, DI-H, and El irrigation treatments, respectively. Initiating automated irrigation scheduling before squaring in cotton increased seedling height but decreased lint yield and the efficiency of use of total applied water.
Role of relativistic knowledge in intelligent tutoring

Abstract Understanding complex cognitive behavior necessarily involves interaction between two (or more) individuals. The teaching-learning process is just a special case. From the standpoint of an intelligent tutor (or human teacher) all student/learner knowledge is either assumed to be available or is judged relative to the teacher's model(s) of the content and/or skills to be acquired. In this regard, learner models play a central role in most contemporary approaches to intelligent tutoring. These models typically assign to the learner certain capabilities which are assumed by the intelligent tutor in administering instruction. If too much is assumed, however, it is impossible to determine where the student is going wrong, or how to correct the problem—unless the tutor model is enhanced to incorporate the assumed capabilities and these capabilities correspondingly are eliminated from the learner model. Research associated with the Structural Learning Theory shows that a common “goal switching” control mechanism is all that may safely be assumed with confidence. Maximum flexibility is achieved by assuming only this mechanism, along with basic encoding and decoding capabilities.
Children, coping, and the stress of illness: a synthesis of the research.

purpose. To synthesize and critique the current research on coping strategies used by children who are ill, to identify gaps in the research base, and to provide direction for practice, future research, and theory development population. 32 research articles on coping strategies used by children with chronic or acute illness conclusions. Children's repertoire of coping strategies is the same during health and illness, although the frequency or effectiveness of some of the strategies is often different. practice implications. Much more in-depth descriptive and longitudinal research is needed, particularly how, when, and why coping strategies are learned, retained, and later discarded. Research is needed to examine the relationship between coping and health outcomes, and on the effectiveness of nursing interventions designed to influence children's coping behavior.
CH003: Stability of nanodots in ferroelectric thin films

Retention properties of written nanodots for Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 have been investigated. The imaging voltage plays an important role when investigating small unstable domains. Even with an imaging voltage far below the coercive voltage the boundaries of the domains are switched during imaging by what the measured nanodomain stability is strongly influenced
Application of the weibull distribution function to the molecular weight distribution of cellulose

The molecular weight distribution of a linear homologous polymer is usually obtained empirically for any particular sample. Sample-to-sample comparisons are made in terms of the weight- or number-average molecular weights and graphic displays of the distribution curves. Such treatment generally precludes data interpretations in which a distribution can be described in terms of differing proportions of mixed populations. However, a statistical continuous univariate distribution function such as the Weibull can be applied to the molecular weight distributions measured for cellulose nitrate samples. The size distributions of samples degraded under some gentle stress may then be indentified as consisting of differing proportions of populations with similar characteristic distributions. Analyzing data in this way should permit interpretation of the results as for breakdown of oligomers in a small-molecule system.
Some differences in composition of covering fat, intermuscular fat, and intramuscular fat of meat animals

A method is described for rapid, reproducible extraction of total lipids from adipose and muscle tissues. The distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the depot fats and intramuscular lipids in loin or rib roasts of pork, beef, lamb, and veal has been determined. The phosphatides of the muscle were found to contain a greater amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids than the neutral fats of the intramuscular lipids.
Recruitment and Political Participation

Political elites spend considerable resources on recruitment activities. Existing research generally concludes that these activities are effective, but also suggests that political elites recruit strategically But strategic recruitment may undermine the impact of recruitment on participation if political elites use past participation as an indicator of the ability and willingness of individuals to respond to recruitment efforts since recruitment may then be directed toward individuals who would have participated without recruitment. Furthermore, the existing research fails to capture many recruitment efforts. It also has employed recruitment variables measuring requests for a political act different from the act used as the dependent variable. As a result, the actual effect of recruitment on participation is still in doubt. Using more appropriate data we demonstrate that recruitment of all types is shaped by past participation. However, while controlling for past participation does reduce the impact of re...
The Electronic Structure and Bonding of the First p-Block Paddlewheel Complex, Bi2(trifluoroacetate)4, and Comparison to d-Block Transition Metal Paddlewheel Complexes: A Photoelectron and Density Functional Theory Study

The photoelectron spectrum and a density functional computational analysis of the first p-block paddlewheel complex, Bi2(tfa)4, where tfa = (O2CCF3)−, are reported. The photoelectron spectrum of Bi2(tfa)4 contains an ionization band between the region of metal-based ionizations and the region of overlapping ligand ionizations that is not seen in the photoelectron spectra of d-block paddlewheel complexes. This additional ionization arises from an a1g symmetry combination of the tfa ligand orbitals that is directed for σ bonding with the metals, and the unusual energy of this ionization follows from the different interaction of this orbital with the valence s and p orbitals of Bi compared to the valence d orbitals of transition metals. There is significant mixing between the Bi–Bi σ bond and this a1g M–L σ orbital. This observation led to a re-examination of the ionization differences between Mo2(tfa)4 and W2(tfa)4, where the metal–metal σ and π ionizations are overlapping for the Mo2 molecule but a separate and sharp σ ionization is observed for the W2 molecule. The coalescing of the σ and π bond ionizations of Mo2(tfa)4 is due to greater ligand orbital character in the Mo–Mo σ bond (∼7%) versus the W–W σ bond (∼1%).
A New Diagnostic System for Studying the Injector and Injection at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS)

The SFC system provides detailed information about the injector beam and the capture and early acceleration cycle of the ZGS more rapidly and accurately than was previously possible. The system was an important part of the retuning program after the titanium vacuum chamber installation. The SFC's a-re frequently employed in maintaining stable ZGS operation with intense beams.
Biomimetic strategies based on viruses and bacteria for the development of immune evasive biomaterials

The field of biomaterials has begun to focus upon materials strategies for modulating the immune response. While certain approaches appear promising, they are currently limited to isolated facets of inflammation process. It is well documented that both bacteria and viruses have highly developed methods for evading the immune system, providing inspiration for a more biomimetic approach to materials design. This review presents the immune evasive tactics employed by viruses and bacteria, and offers suggestions for future directions that apply these principles to design of immune evasive biomaterials.
Requirements for Trafficking in the N-terminal Propeptide of Human Surfactant Protein B (SP-B)

Requirements for Trafficking in the N-terminal Propeptide of Human Surfactant Protein B (SP-B)
Effects of dl-para-chlorophenylalanine on sucrose preference and intake: reversal by 5-hydroxytryptophan and 6-methoxy 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-beta-carboline.

Abstract In two experiments involving 12- or 4-hr two-bottle preference tests, rats depleted of brain serotonin by dl -para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) injections consumed larger amounts of sucrose and had a higher preference for sucrose solutions over distilled water than vehicle-injected control animals. Injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (6-MeO-THBC) was found to reverse the effects of pCPA on brain serotonin as well as reverse the increased sucrose preference produced by pCPA.