cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The description and initial evaluation of an intensive live-in program in risk reduction

Drawing upon the epidemiological, clinical, and behavioral studies suggesting the importance and feasibility of multidisciplinary efforts to reduce levels of risk variables for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, a short-term live-in intervention program was developed. The program includes efforts to reduce smoking, weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and stress through improving habits of exercise, nutrition, weight management, and stress control delivered to individuals with varying levels of health risk based on measurable biochemical and physiological variables and medical history. Major changes occurred during the 24-day program in 459 individuals enrolled in the program: 68% of smokers ceased, average cholesterol fell from 240 to 200 mg%, ideal body weight fell from 134 to 129% (82 to 79 kg), systolic blood pressure (BP) fell from 131 to 119 mm Hg, diastolic BP fell from 81 to 73 mm Hg. and reported feelings of general well-being increased. Greater changes were observed in the high-risk groups. Follow-up results at 1 year (48% of patients reporting) for those defined as high risk were a net decrease of 22 mg% in cholesterol, 7 mm Hg in systolic BP, 6 mm Hg in diastolic BP, and 6.8% of ideal body weight; 45% of those smoking at admission were still not smoking at 1 year (32% reporting). For those at lower risk there was a general return of risk levels toward baseline values.
The discrimination of speech and nonspeech stimuli in early infancy.

Abstract The discrimination of synthetic speech and nonspeech stimuli was investigated in infants 40–54 days of age by means of a nonnutritive conjugate sucking procedure. Four groups of Ss were given repeated presentations of one auditory stimulus, and upon habituating to it, were shifted to a second (postshift) stimulus. For Group P (Place) the pre- and postshift stimuli differed according to place of articulation {[ba−] vs [ga−]}. Group I (Intonation) received a stimulus shift consisting of a difference in intonation {[ba−] vs [ba+], i.e., falling vs rising intonation}. Group C (Control) was presented with the same stimulus during preshift and postshift {[ba−]}. For Group NS (nonspeech control) the pre- and postshift stimuli consisted of the isolated acoustic cues which differentiate the place stimuli [ba] and [ga]. Changes in hi-amplitude sucking revealed that infants 40–54 days of age can discriminate the acoustic cues for place of articulation and intonation. Furthermore, a comparison of the place and nonspeech control conditions suggested that infants respond to the acoustic cues for place in a linguistically relevant manner.
The Future of Real-Time Security: Latency-Optimized Lattice-Based Digital Signatures

Advances in quantum computing have spurred a significant amount of research into public-key cryptographic algorithms that are resistant against postquantum cryptanalysis. Lattice-based cryptography is one of the important candidates because of its reasonable complexity combined with reasonable signature sizes. However, in a postquantum world, not only the cryptography will change but also the computing platforms. Large amounts of resource-constrained embedded systems will connect to a cloud of powerful server computers. We present an optimization technique for lattice-based signature generation on such embedded systems; our goal is to optimize latency rather than throughput. Indeed, on an embedded system, the latency of a single signature for user identification or message authentication is more important than the aggregate signature generation rate. We build a high-performance implementation using hardwaressoftware codesign techniques. The key idea is to partition the signature generation scheme into offline and online phases. The signature scheme allows this separation because a large portion of the computation does not depend on the message to be signed and can be handled before the message is given. Then, we can map complex precomputation operations in software on a low-cost processor and utilize hardware resources to accelerate simpler online operations. To find the optimum hardware architecture for the target platform, we define and explore the design space and implement two design configurations. We realize our solutions on the Altera Cyclone-IV CGX150 FPGA. The implementation consists of a NIOS soft-core processor and a low-latency hash and polynomial multiplication engine. On average, the proposed low-latency architecture can generate a signature with a latency of 96 clock cycles at 40MHz, resulting in a response time of 2.4μs for a signing request. On equivalent platforms, this corresponds to a performance improvement of 33 and 105 times compared to previous hardware and software implementations, respectively.
Competitive equivalence in a community of lichens on rock

Lichens and mosses cover 70-100% of the rock surface in a forested Appalachian boulderfield, and competition for space is intense. This paper examines overgrowth ability and its morphological correlates in four common species of foliose lichen on rocks. Overgrowth requires one lichen thallus to overtop another at the point where they meet. Therefore, I quantified margin height for a number of thalli of each of four lichen species. Two "umbilicate" species attached to the rock only at the thallus center showed a positive relationship between thallus size and margin height: large thalli often reached considerable heights above the rock surface, yet most also had points along their margin that were quite low and flat. Two other "nonumbilicate" species were characteristically flatter and showed no dependence of margin height on thallus diameter. Differences among species, among thalli of the same species, and among different points on a single thallus accounted for approximately equal amounts of variance in margin height. To determine the success of species in overtopping each other, I then recorded 639 instances of apparent overgrowth (overtopping of one thallus by another) on several rocks in the boulderfield. Of the nine pairs of species that met often enough to permit statistical analysis, only four pairs showed a consistent winner. Species in the remaining five pairs were competitively equivalent, neither winning significantly more than half the encounters although each individual encounter had a clear winner. Overgrowth rates measured from sequential photographs were highly variable, but many species pairs showed no substantial differences between growth rates over another thallus and growth rates over bare rock; only one species appeared to be affected by overgrowing other thalli. Overgrown thalli, as well as thalli experimentally shaded by gluing an overhanging rock chip above their margin for a year grew very slowly or not at all in the region of overgrowth, and the overgrown region of the thallus was often markedly discolored or disintegrating. Thus, foliose lichens compete strongly for space at the study site, yet because competitive success is at least partly based on a morphological character (margin height) that is inherently quite variable even in a single thallus, many pairs of species appear to be competitively equivalent.
Effects of the Dirac sea on finite nuclei

Abstract Within the context of a relativistic model for finite nuclei, an expansion of the full one-baryon loop contribution to the effective action in inverse powers of the effective nucleon mass is developed. The first term in this expansion includes the effective potential, which has previously been studied, and derivative terms which are shown to be equally significant for finite nuclei. The next order in the expansion is shown to contribute a negligible amount to the energy and densities of several nuclei, possibly indicating convergence. Baryon vector and scalar densities are studied, and it is shown that this derivative expansion is converging even in the nuclear surface where derivatives are large.
Microfluidic device detection of waterborne pathogens through static light scattering of latex immunoagglutination using proximity optical fibers

Microfluidic device detections of E. coli K12 in deionized (DI) water and E. coli in field water sample were demonstrated through static light scattering of latex immunoagglutination using proximity optical fibers. This method is a fully-automated, one-step detection, and requires neither sample pre-treatment nor cell culturing often required in many on-chip detections. We have used highly carboxylated polystyrene submicron latex particles without surfactants to enhance diffusional mixing and prevent non-specific bindings towards successful demonstration of latex immunoagglutination in microfluidic device. Detection of E. coli was performed by taking microscopic images from the view cell of a microfluidic device and counting the fractions of non-agglutinated and agglutinated particles. The limit of detection (LOD) was ca. 150 CFU ml-1 with this method for both E. coli K12 in DI water and E. coli in field water sample, indicating no non-specific bindings. Improved LOD of < 4.3 CFU ml-1 was achieved by measuring forward static light scattering from microfluidic device, using proximity optical fibers and a USB-powered miniature spectrometer. The total assay time for sample preparation (mostly dilutions) and on-chip assay (mostly injections and short incubation time) was < 10 min.
The business of business: an analysis of the political behaviour of the South African manufacturing sector under the nationalists

(1988). The business of business: an analysis of the political behaviour of the South African manufacturing sector under the nationalists. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 421-445.
Improved classification accuracy by feature extraction using genetic algorithms

A feature extraction algorithm has been developed for the purposes of improving classification accuracy. The algorithm uses a genetic algorithm / hill-climber hybrid to generate a set of linearly recombined features, which may be of reduced dimensionality compared with the original set. The genetic algorithm performs the global exploration, and a hill climber explores local neighborhoods. Hybridizing the genetic algorithm with a hill climber improves both the rate of convergence, and the final overall cost function value; it also reduces the sensitivity of the genetic algorithm to parameter selection. The genetic algorithm includes the operators: crossover, mutation, and deletion / reactivation - the last of these effects dimensionality reduction. The feature extractor is supervised, and is capable of deriving a separate feature space for each tissue (which are reintegrated during classification). A non-anatomical digital phantom was developed as a gold standard for testing purposes. In tests with the phantom, and with images of multiple sclerosis patients, classification with feature extractor derived features yielded lower error rates than using standard pulse sequences, and with features derived using principal components analysis. Using the multiple sclerosis patient data, the algorithm resulted in a mean 31% reduction in classification error of pure tissues.
A model of image creation and image transfer in event sponsorship

Presents a model which identifies factors that influence the creation of an event’s image. Uses theoretical perspectives from the celebrity endorsement literature to suggest that an event’s image associations are transferred to the sponsoring brand through event sponsorship activities. Discusses moderating variables impacting the strength of the meaning transfer and attitude towards the brand. Offers future research directions in the form of research propositions.
Perturbations in the adaptive refinement of boundary elements

Error estimation and the associated adaptive refinement of boundary element meshes in solving Poissonian magnetic fields is described. The percentage change in the potential or its gradient in two consecutive boundary element solutions is employed as a measure of error.
Head Type in Relation to Annual Egg Production and Egg Weight

Abstract THE selection of fowls for egg production from an examination of their external body characteristics has been practiced for many years. Investigators have made special studies to determine which factor or factors were the most important in detecting the good layer, but only in the past few years has the study of head type, as revealed by anatomical measurements, been the subject of serious study and research. It has been said that the good layer possesses a deep, broad, relatively short, well-balanced head. If this is true, then anatomical measurements of a hen’s head should show relation to her egg production. On the other hand, if the reproductive power of a hen is due entirely to her genetic makeup there may be no relationship at all between skeletal measurements and production. The problem presented is of practical importance for several reasons. It would be highly valuable to know how to . . .
Context in semantic information retrieval

Retrieval processes in word recognition were studied by systematically varying context conditions during testing. Ss received a single presentation of 30 triplets of semantically related words followed by a recognition test, with one word from each triplet being tested either in its original context, with the context deleted, in a new context of related words which primed a different meaning, or in a context of new unrelated words. Recognition performance was highest when the context remained unchanged and lowest when the target item was embedded in a new and unrelated context. No difference was found between the unchanged context and the semantically related context condition when d’ values were used as a measure of recognition performance.
Verifying survey items for construct validity: A two‐stage sorting procedure for questionnaire design in information behavior research

Construct validity refers to the degree to which inferences can legitimately be made from the operationalizations in a study to the theoretical constructs on which those operationalizations were based. When both convergent and discriminant validities are satisfied, construct validity is said to be satisfied. Verifying survey items for construct validity becomes important, especially when these items are self-developed and not based on questionnaires used in past studies. Yet, there is lack of clarity on how to go about doing so. While researchers in other fields have come up with simple techniques, these have not been readily applied to the field of information behavior. Using the case of questionnaire design for source choice in information behavior, this methodological paper describes the use of a 2-stage sorting procedure based on Moore and Benbasat's 1991 work. The procedure can serve as a guide to researchers using questionnaire design for studies in information seeking behavior and should help lend greater rigor to such studies.
Micro-finite element analysis applied to high-resolution MRI reveals improved bone mechanical competence in the distal femur of female pre-professional dancers

Summary Micro-finite element analysis applied to high-resolution (0.234-mm length scale) MRI reveals greater whole and cancellous bone stiffness, but not greater cortical bone stiffness, in the distal femur of female dancers compared to controls. Greater whole bone stiffness appears to be mediated by cancellous, rather than cortical bone adaptation.
Vimentin Intermediate Filament Mechanics in Cells under Shear Stress

Cells experience a wide range of mechanical stimuli depending on their environment. Cellular responses to mechanical stress are thus an important aspect of cell mechanics to understand. For example, cytoskeletal rearrangement has been observed when shear stress is applied to cells. We are interested in the contribute of this rearrangement to changes in local material properties and mechanics. Using microrheological tools, we are able to better understand these changes in the larger picture of cell mechanics.
Characterization of Plant-Derived Saponin Natural Products against Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of life-threatening disseminated infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. Resistance to many clinically used antifungal agents has created a need to identify and develop a new generation of compounds for therapeutic use. A compound screen to identify potential antifungal natural products was undertaken, identifying 12 saponins, some of which have not been previously described. In the Caenorhabditis elegans model, some saponins conferred nematode survival comparable to that of amphotericin B. Of the 12 antifungal saponins identified, two were selected for further analysis. C. albicans isolates were inhibited by these compounds at relatively low concentrations (16 and 32 microg mL(-1)) including isolates resistant to clinically used antifungal agents. C. albicans hyphae and biofilm formation were also disrupted in the presence of these natural products, and studies demonstrate that fungal cells in the presence of saponins are more susceptible to salt-induced osmotic stress. Although saponins are known for their hemolytic activity, no hemolysis of erythrocytes was observed at three times the minimal inhibitory concentration for C. albicans, suggesting the saponins may have a preference for binding to fungal ergosterol when compared to cholesterol. Importantly, when used in combination with photosensitizer compounds, the fungus displayed increased susceptibility to photodynamic inactivation due to the ability of the saponins to increase cell permeability, thereby facilitating penetration of the photosensitizers. The large proportion of compounds identified as antifungal agents containing saponin structural features suggests it may be a suitable chemical scaffold for a new generation of antifungal compounds.
On-Task versus Off-Task Self-Assessments among Korean Elementary School Students Studying English.

This study examined the validity of Korean students' self-assessments of their oral performance in English in a Foreign Language at the Elementary School (FLES) level. We examined the validity of 2 types of assessments: an off-task self-assessment and an on-task self-assessment. The off-task assessment asked students to evaluate their overall performance in a general and somewhat decontextualized way. The on-task self-assessment asked students to self-evaluate their performance immediately after they completed their English tasks. The results of the 2 types of self-assessments were compared both with the students' general proficiency test scores and with their teachers' assessments based on classroom observation. The results indicate that if self-assessments are administered in an on-task format, students can self-assess their oral performance more accurately than they can in an off-task format. It was also found that the on-task self-assessment was generally less influenced by student attitude/personality factors than was the off-task self-assessment
CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates enhanced transmigration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier : A potential mechanism of HIV-CNS invasion and NeuroAIDS

Encephalitis and dementia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, microglia activation, aberrant chemokine expression, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and eventual loss of neurons. Little is known about whether human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection of leukocytes affects their ability to transmigrate in response to chemokines and to alter BBB integrity. We now demonstrate that HIV infection of human leukocytes results in their increased transmigration across our tissue culture model of the human BBB in response to the chemokine CCL2, as well as in disruption of the BBB, as evidenced by enhanced permeability, reduction of tight junction proteins, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. HIV-infected cells added to our model did not transmigrate in the absence of CCL2, nor did this condition alter BBB integrity. The chemokines CXCL10/interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa, CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, or CCL5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) did not enhance HIV-infected leukocyte transmigration or BBB permeability. The increased capacity of HIV-infected leukocytes to transmigrate in response to CCL2 correlated with their increased expression of CCR2, the chemokine receptor for CCL2. These data suggest that CCL2, but not other chemokines, plays a key role in infiltration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and the subsequent pathology characteristic of NeuroAIDS.
Modeling dynamics of agile software development

The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.
On technological implications of the wage-profit frontier

Abstract This paper examines the equilibrium relation between the wage and profit rates for a technology in which technical parameters vary continuously. It is shown that the existence of a wage-profit frontier implies the existence of functional relationships among the technical parameters. These relationships, called herein characteristic functions, can be expressed in terms of one or more than one independent variable, and it is shown that given certain weak conditions on the functions, only in the former case is reswitching of techniques possible. An inequality is established involving the rates of change, as the profit rate varies, of the technical parameters; it is argued that this inequality can be used to construct functions that order the eligible techniques. Finally, it is argued that the characteristic functions can embody specific, nontechnical relations, so that a “technology” should be broadly interpreted as a collection of techniques of production plus “exogenous” relations that determine which techniques are to be included in the technology.
SOME EFFECTS OF METAL SALTS ON YEAST DEHYDROGENASE.

The results of many investigations show that solutions of electrolytes have pronounced effects upon biological systems. Permeability, viscosity, elasticity, irritability, respiration, and growth are but a few of the properties of such systems which are influenced by the presence of various anions and cations. It is now generally recognized that dehydrogenases, i.e., respiratory enzymes concerned with the activation and the removal of hydrogen from the substrates which become oxidized, are universally distributed in plant and animal cells, and that they play an important r?le in normal respiration (4, 5, 6, 9). The present investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of certain representative metals on the dehydrogenase systems of yeast and of macerated yeast extract.
A Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow and Cavitation Within Minisac and Valve-Covered Orifice Diesel Injector Nozzles

Cavitating flow within diesel injector passages has been investigated numerically using the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM), which uses the barotropic assumption and the variable speed of sound of the mixture. To apply the HEM, the KIVA-3V code was modified to implement a generalized equation of state, and injector needle movement is simulated by the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach and the snapper algorithm. It is demonstrated that the model can predict the effect of nozzle passage geometry on the flow structure and cavitation. The model is able to reproduce the transient fuel injection rate as a function of the needle lift profile. Special interest is focused on the transient behavior during the nozzle closing period, which shows that the fast decrease in flow rate can increase the cavitation in the nozzle passage. The effects of the pressure difference and environment pressure on cavitation augmentation at the end-of-injection were also investigated. Flow characteristics due to different shapes of the nozzle flow passage in axisymmetric single hole nozzles and multihole nozzle configurations (minisac and valve-covered orifice eight-hole nozzles) were compared with emphasis on the endof-injection period.
Presence of CD4+ SP and DP (γδ, αβ) T-Cells Expressing BPDE-DNA Adducts in Progeny of Mouse Dams Exposed to Benzo(α) pyrene at Mid-Gestation

After one exposure of C3H/HeJ pregnant females (at mid-gestation) to B(α) P (at 150 μ g/g BW), their progeny evidenced suppression of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, as well as quantitative deficiencies in the levels of Lyt1+ and Lyt2+cells, and CD4+ CD8+, Vγ 3+, Vγ δ+, and Vα β+T-cells. We hypothesized that these conditions could be a result, in part, of covalent binding of BPDE to DNA within these cells. To test this, antiserum to BPDE-DNA was generated in rabbits; after multiple purification steps, an anti-BPDE-DNA (rendered ≈99.5% specific for BPDE-DNA and did not react with free BPDE or DNA antigens at dilutions even of < 1:50) antiserum was isolated. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses showed the adduct was present in CD4+ cells of progeny fetal and in both post-natal thymus and spleen tissues. Using a [32P]-post-labelling method, adduct was also detected in samples of fetal liver during the period from Day 15 to 18 gestation. Surprisingly, it was found that thymus cells from B(α...
Mount Rose, Northern Carson Range, Nevada: New Light on the Late Cenozoic Tectonic History of the Sierra Nevada from a Classic Locality

The eastern border of the northern Carson Range, at Mount Rose, is important for the study of regional Sierran tectonic and faulting chronology. There Louderback indicated that more than 5000 feet of post-Miocene-Pliocene displacements occurred along the eastern front of the Carson Range at the Mount Rose cross section. He concluded that the entire Carson Range (hence the Sierra) was uplifted as a block along that frontal fault in post-late Miocene time. The structural evidence at Mount Rose has been re-examined. It may be reinterpreted as the result of formation of a strato-volcano over a rough terrain, and its subsequent deep erosion, as contrasted with the earlier interpretation involving major fault displacement after agglomerate and flow deposition. The new structural evidence and interpretation indicates that there has been little significant faulting along the Sierra Nevada front at Mount Rose since Miocene-Pliocene volcanism.
Forecasting the Heights of Later Waves in Pacific-Wide Tsunamis

A method is derived to forecast theextreme heights of later waves in Pacific-widetsunamis, for locations in the vicinity of real-timereporting tide gages. The forecast for wave peaks hasthe form ηF(t) = ηB(t) + ηe(t),where ηe = Aσ exp [- (t - to)/τ ]. Here, the forecast begins attime t = to, which is 4 h after tsunamidetection at a tide gage, σ is the standarddeviation of tsunami-band fluctuations observed in the2-h time interval before the forecast begins,ηB is a background water level predictionthat includes the tides and lower frequencyoscillations, τ = 48 h is an e-folding decayconstant, and A = 3.0 is a constant coefficient.Placing a minus sign in front of ηe providesa forecast for wave troughs. This form for theforecast, and the values of the parameters, arejustified using probability theory and Monte Carlosimulations based on 3000 synthetic tsunami timeseries. The method is then tested successfully (i.e.,agreement within 0.5 m) against six past Pacific-widetsunamis, as observed at U.S. tide gages. These casestudies include the five major tsunamis to produceloss of life and/or substantial damage to U.S. coastalcommunities during the Twentieth Century. The sixthstudy is the 1994 Shikotan tsunami, which is thelatest Pacific-wide tsunami to trigger tsunamiwarnings for U.S. regions. Algorithms for detectinglocal tsunami onset and generating forecasts are givenin an appendix, together with a description of thewavelet method used to generate the synthetic tsunamiseries.
Widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) in southern Texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the United States inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Rio Grande. This containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus). Using 11 microsatellite loci we genotyped 1,247 R. microplus from 63 Texas collections, including outbreak infestations from outside the TEQA. We used population genetic analyses to test hypotheses about ecological persistence, tick movement, and impacts of the eradication program in southern Texas. We tested acaricide resistance with larval packet tests (LPTs) on 47 collections. LPTs revealed acaricide resistance in 15/47 collections (32%); 11 were outside the TEQA and three were resistant to multiple acaricides. Some collections highly resistant to permethrin were found on cattle and WTD. Analysis of genetic differentiation over time at seven properties revealed local gene pools with very low levels of differentiation (FST 0.00-0.05), indicating persistence over timespans of up to 29 months. However, in one neighborhood differentiation varied greatly over a 12-month period (FST 0.03-0.13), suggesting recurring immigration from distinct sources as another persistence mechanism. Ticks collected from cattle and WTD at the same location are not differentiated (FST = 0), implicating ticks from WTD as a source of ticks on cattle (and vice versa) and emphasizing the importance of WTD to tick control strategies. We identified four major genetic groups (K = 4) using Bayesian population assignment, suggesting multiple introductions to Texas. Two dispersal mechanisms give rise to new tick infestations: 1) frequent short-distance dispersal from the TEQA; and 2) rare long-distance, human-mediated dispersal from populations outside our study area, probably Mexico. The threat of cattle fever tick transport into Texas is increased by acaricide resistance and the ability of R. microplus to utilize WTD as an alternate host. Population genetic analyses may provide a powerful tool for tracking invasions in other parts of the world where these ticks are established.
Evidence for parallel explicit and implicit sequence learning systems in older adults

Some research indicates that explicit learning of a sequence can impair procedural learning, particularly in populations with reduced cognitive capacity. However, these studies usually do not distinguish the effects of explicit processes on procedural learning from their effects on performance. The current study demonstrates that explicit learning affects performance, but not procedural sequence learning, in healthy older adults even when sequences are complex. These findings support capacity-independent theories which propose that procedural and declarative learning operate in parallel.
The large-scale structure of homogeneous turbulence

A field of homogeneous turbulence generated at an initial instant by a distribution of random impulsive forces is considered. The statistical properties of the forces are assumed to be such that the integral moments of the cumulants of the force system all exist. The motion generated has the property that at the initial instant E(kappa) = Ckappa^2 + o(kappa^2) where E(k) is the energy spectrum function, k is the wave-number magnitude, and C is a positive number which is not in general zero. The corresponding forms of the velocity covariance spectral tensor and correlation tensor are determined. It is found that the terms in the velocity covariance Rij(r) are O(r^−3) for large values of the separation magnitude r. An argument based on the conservation of momentum is used to show that C is a dynamical invariant and that the forms of the velocity covariance at large separation and the spectral tensor at small wave number are likewise invariant. For isotropic turbulence, the Loitsianski integral diverges but the integral \[ \int_0^{\infty} r^2R(r)dr = \frac{1}{2}\pi C \] exists and is invariant.
DNA damage and cell cycle events implicate cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons as targets of Alzheimer's disease

Background Although the cerebellum is considered to be predominantly involved in fine motor control, emerging evidence documents its participation in language, impulsive behavior and higher cognitive functions. While the specific connections of the cerebellar deep nuclei (CDN) that are responsible for these functions are still being worked out, their deficiency has been termed "cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome" - a syndrome that bears a striking similarity to many of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using ectopic cell cycle events and DNA damage markers as indexes of cellular distress, we have explored the neuropathological involvement of the CDN in human AD.
A Framework for Statistical Inference in Astrophysics

The rapid growth of astronomical data sets, coupled with the complexity of the questions scientists seek to answer with these data, creates an increasing need for the utilization of advanced statistical inference methods in astrophysics. Here, focus is placed on situations in which the underlying objective is the estimation of cosmological parameters, the key physical constants that characterize the Universe. Owing to the complex relationship between these parameters and the observable data, this broad inference goal is best divided into three stages. The primary objective of this article is to describe these stages and thus place into a coherent framework the class of inference problems commonly encountered by those working in this field. Examples of such inference challenges are presented.
A dynamic homotopy interpretation of the logistic quantal response equilibrium correspondence

Abstract This paper uses properties of the logistic quantal response equilibrium correspondence to compute Nash equilibria in finite games. It is shown that branches of the correspondence may be numerically traversed efficiently and securely. The method can be implemented on a multicomputer, allowing for application to large games. The path followed by the method has an interpretation analogous to that of Harsanyi and Selten's Tracing Proecdure. As an application, it is shown that the principal branch of any quantal response equilibrium correspondence satisfying a monotonicity property converges to the risk-dominant equilibrium in 2 × 2 games.
Motion errors in ISAR imaging of approaching targets

The authors study the effects of misestimates of the target range on the resulting image for an ISAR (inverse synthetic aperture radar) scenario with an approaching target. They also illustrate the importance of autofocus techniques for creating focused images from radar data for this scenario, and show how these techniques may be applied. Particular attention is given to the phase gradient autofocus algorithm. This algorithm was tested on simulated data and its effectiveness was demonstrated. >
Bioterriorism: from threat to reality.

The fears and predictions of attacks with biological weapons, which were increasing at the close of the twentieth century, were transformed into reality not long after September 11, 2001, when several anthrax-laden letters were sent through the U.S. postal system. The attack challenged our medical preparedness and scientific understanding of the epidemiology of biothreat agents. It is fortunate that this was not a massive aerosol release that could have exposed hundreds of thousands. Rapid diagnoses and medical treatments limited casualties and increased survival rates, but tragically some individuals died of inhalational anthrax. Even as physicians tested new treatment regimes and scientists employed new ways of detecting anthrax and decontaminating the mail, new predictions were made for potentially even more devastating attacks with anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, botulism, or hemorrhagic fever viruses. Fear gripped the nation. Law enforcement sought to find the villain(s) who sent the anthrax letters and to deter future bioterrorist attacks. The biomedical community began to seek new ways of protecting against such future threats of bioterrorism.
Becoming entrepreneurial: Crisis, ethics and marketization in the field of travel journalism

Abstract This article analyzes emerging entrepreneurial practices of travel journalists in the USA as a qualitative case study of the marketization of fields of cultural production. Today, the journalistic field is undergoing a radical transformation of practice and organization collectively framed as crisis. As a result, formerly solid lines separating business and editorial departments, print and online publishing spaces, professional journalists and amateur content are blurring. Drawing on interviewing and discourse analysis, this article analyzes how travel journalists react to these changes and the threats posed to their economic subsistence by folding publications, mass-layoffs and declining pay for freelancers. Situated at the intersection of the Sociology of Culture and Economic Sociology, this research shows how new opportunity structures significantly change the meaning of journalistic practice; how travel journalists today generate income and resources through entrepreneurial practices that have been previously deemed unethical. They do so by bridging the existing boundaries to publishing, marketing and travel industry. This article argues that travel journalists instrumentalize crisis narratives to justify shifting professional ethics as means of economic production, while they simultaneously maintain an order of prestige and create closure to outside challengers based on these ethics.
DNA G-quadruplex and its potential as anticancer drug target

G-quadruplex secondary structures are four-stranded globular nucleic acid structures form in the specific DNA and RNA G-rich sequences with biological significance such as human telomeres, oncogene-promoter regions, replication initiation sites, and 5′ and 3′-untranslated (UTR) regions. The non-canonical G-quadruplex secondary structures can readily form under physiologically relevant ionic conditions and are considered to be new molecular target for cancer therapeutics. This review discusses the essential progress in our lab related to the structures and functions of biologically relevant DNA G-quadruplexes in human gene promoters and telomeres, and the opportunities presented for the development of G-quadruplex-targeted small-molecule drugs.
A New Storage-Ring Light Source

A recently proposed technique in storage ring accelerators is applied to provide potential high-power sources of photon radiation. The technique is based on the steady-state microbunching (SSMB) mechanism. As examples of this application, one may consider a high-power DUV photon source for research in atomic and molecular physics or a high-power EUV radiation source for industrial lithography. A less challenging proof-of-principle test to produce IR radiation using an existing storage ring is also considered.
Eye Society

We describe a system of small wireless autonomous mobile cameras that operate as a group to solve machine vision tasks. Given sufficient on-board computing to do real-time scene analysis without external processing resources, these cameras enable us to investigate how scene understanding can be improved when each camera is independently capable of analyzing its own sensor data, and sharing information on what it sees with its fellow robots.
Philosophy of Communication: Qualitative Research, Questions in Action

Qualitative research meets and gathers insight and information, commencing with the particular. Qualitative research moves us from reductive and abstract engagement to experience of the subject matter before us. Philosophy of communication, understood as qualitative research in action, centers inquiry on questioning, reading, writing, editing, thinking, and interpretation. These five qualitative acts of inquiry are not isolated categories, yet they are simultaneously distinct characteristics within philosophy of communication scholarship. I contend that these five coordinates facilitate the performative engagement of philosophy of communication inquiry. I offer a story centered on five research coordinates, explicated with scholars repeatedly referenced in philosophy of communication literature. I engage these scholars in a manner akin to Walter Benjamin’s (1968) “pearl diving,” seeking insight from selected parts of their copious contributions. Their collective insights function as threads with which I w...
Applications of ferroelectric thin films grown by the pulsed laser deposition technique

Epitaxial thin films of ferroelectric materials offer broad possibilities for microelectronic applications, including rf phase shifters, nonvolatile memory cells, and varactors. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is now a well-established technique for depositing high quality ferroelectric thin films such as BaTiO3, PbZrxTi1-xO3, Bi4Ti3O12, and KTaxNb1-xO3. The current status of the field including film growth mechanisms and microelectronic applications being developed will be presented.
Bumetanide-Enhanced Phenobarbetal in Neonatal Seizure Model

Anticonvulsant efficacy of phenobarbital, bumetanide, and a combination of these drugs was studied in an in vitro hippocampal rat pup (4-7 days) preparation, with recurrent seizures induced by exposure to low-Mg solution, at the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Conclusion: Glimpse into the Future

RWT was designed to enhance L2 research writing pedagogy with formative AWE affordances for engaging students in intra- and inter-personal communicative activity aimed at creating exemplars of genre writing, while customizing their own revision process. As I have demonstrated throughout the book, RWT development has undergone rigorous judgmental and empirical evaluations, which support the suitability of this tool for use with L2 novices to scholarly writing. Ellis (2004) argues that ‘[w]hen genre-based literacy pedagogy is supported by technology, the potential for student control over learning increases. While the technology increases the potential for control, it is not the technology per se that motivates its design’ (p. 231). I concur, and I would also add that it is not the technology that drives implementation. Therefore, the work described in this volume is only the first step towards conceptualizing an AWE-augmented approach to L2 genre and corpus-based writing instruction.
Human-induced modifications to land surface fluxes and their implications on water management under past and future climate change conditions

Abstract We used a coupled land-atmospheric simulation framework to quantify the feedback impacts of water resources in a changing climate. The simulations dynamically downscaled data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data, Climate Forecast System (CFS) Version 2 and the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP), to investigate irrigation effects on temperatures and surface fluxes under current and future scenarios in Southern Idaho. This study implements irrigation schemes within the Noah Land Surface Model (LSM) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) 3.4 at a 4-km resolution to diagnose irrigation-induced changes to surface energy fluxes and boundary layer properties. Our results suggest that induced cooling via evaporation causes a decrease of 0.8 °C to the air temperature over April − October, a decrease of up to 90 m of the planetary boundary layer depth and an increase of 2.0 °C in the dew point over the irrigated areas. On average, the growing season start date trends 0.46 days/year earlier and the growing season termination date trends 0.60 days/year later. A decrease in precipitation with time is also seen at all elevation ranges from the year 2040–2070, with the lowest elevation levels seeing a bigger decrease than the higher levels. Thus, irrigation-induced increases in growing degree days and modifications to surface fluxes are shown in the basin and it is critical to consider when planning both crop and water management.
An Assessment of Long-Term Compliance with Performance Standards in Compensatory Mitigation Wetlands

Under the US Clean Water Act, wetland restoration is used to compensate for adverse impacts to wetlands. Following construction, compensation wetlands are monitored for approximately 5 years to determine if they comply with project-specific performance standards. Once a compensation site complies with performance standards, it is assumed that the site will continue to meet standards indefinitely. However, there have been few assessments of long-term compliance. We surveyed, in 2012, 30 compensation sites 8–20 years after restoration to determine whether projects continued to meet performance standards. Additionally, we compared floristic quality of compensation sites to the quality of adjacent natural wetlands to determine whether wetland condition in compensation sites could be predicted based on the condition of nearby wetlands. Compensation sites met, on average, 65% of standards during the final year of monitoring and 53% of standards in 2012, a significant decrease in compliance. Although forested wetlands often failed to meet standards for planted tree survival, the temporal decrease in compliance was driven by increasing dominance by invasive plants in emergent wetlands. The presumption of continued compliance with performance standards after a 5-year monitoring period was not supported. Wetlands restored near better quality natural wetlands achieved and maintained greater floristic quality, suggesting that landscape context was an important determinant of long-term restoration outcomes. Based on our findings, we recommend that compensation wetlands should be monitored for longer time periods, and we suggest that nearby or adjacent natural wetlands provide good examples of reasonably achievable restoration outcomes in a particular landscape.
Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid that Avenged Pearl Harbor. By James M. Scott. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2015. Pp. xiii, 648. $35.00.) : Book Review

Seventy‐three years after sixteen US Army bombers launched from a Navy carrier to strike the heart of the Japanese homeland in retaliation for the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, the life of its l...
Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease: Identifying the Children at Highest Risk of Unfavorable Outcome.

Background:Screening echocardiography has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for early diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The utility of screening echocardiography hinges on the rate o...
RENORMALIZED DENSITY OF STATES IN CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES

We combine results of finite temperature field theory, the renormalization group and Zamolodchikov's C-theorem to compute the effects of renormalization on the asymptotic behaviour of the level density of Conformal Field Theories. We give a prescription to compute the behaviour of the level density given the set of R. G. beta functions in perturbation theory. We illustrate these ideas with the example of a conformal invariant theory perturbed by a relevant operator and driven to a new conformal fixed point theory. In particular we use perturbation theory to compute the correction to the Hagedorn spectrum of a bosonic string theory when it is perturbed by (slightly) off-shell bosonic vertex operators and we also point out how to study the effects of other modes.