cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Analysis of Earth-Sensing Satellite Interference

Scientific application of the radio spectrum has great intellectual, societal, and commercial value. Radiometric Earth observations inform us about our changing atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, oceans, and climate. Sensors used for such measurements are passive microwave radiometers that measure the naturally occurring radio emission in bands from the UHF to the THz part of the spectrum, with important bands acting as secondary allocations of spectrum that has seen increasing use. These instruments have received interference in these bands for many years, and the scientific community is concerned that the interference has increased over time.Although interference has increased, the reason for that increase is less clear. This paper describes a preliminary data-driven approach to isolate correlates for such interference in an effort to determine what policies should be enacted to reduce the interference. Using FCC databases of antenna tower locations, similar database of microwave transmitters, databases of geographic and population features, we show that interference, as determined by a multi-spectral interference algorithm, has low correlation with features such as the number of radio towers and the number of microwave transmission links (correlation coefficients of 0.10). We have also examined the correlation with population (on the assumption that general electrical RF interference would increase with population), road networks, land-water boundaries, water bodies and found that there is poor correlation with most of these features.This inconclusive result raises a number of questions about the need for more detailed data that can be used to analyze spectrum interference and management and also argues that spectrum policy should be driven by data-driven analysis before remedies for interference are proposed. Increasingly, analysis of the benefits of dynamic spectrum access such as the TV white spaces relies on a common set of computational tools and data sources; in addition to the analysis of the satellite interference results, we will describe the components that make up this “computational spectrum policy toolkit.”
Structure and Morphology of Clean and Magnesium - Dosed Sapphire Surfaces

The structure and morphology of r-axis % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaqada % qaaiaaigdacaaIWaGabGymayaaraGaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa % !3C38! $$\left( {10\bar 12} \right)$$ and c-axis (0001) sapphire (α-Al2O3) surfaces were studied with Low Energy and Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED and RHEED) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Following heat treatments at 1000°C in 5×10−7 torr O2, both surfaces exhibited (1×1) diffraction patterns. Regular step-terrace structure was observed on the % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaqada % qaaiaaigdacaaIWaGabGymayaaraGaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa % !3C38! $$\left( {10\bar 12} \right)$$ surface with the AFM, but no step structure was visible on the (0001) surface. The initial growth of magnesium overlayers dosed onto the % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaqada % qaaiaaigdacaaIWaGabGymayaaraGaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa % !3C38! $$\left( {10\bar 12} \right)$$ surface at 25°C in ultra-high vacuum was monitored with RHEED and the chemical interactions at the Mg / Al2O3 interface were characterized with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). During the initial deposition, very little interaction between Mg and the Al2O3 substrate occurs and a very abrupt interface is formed. At larger Mg doses, a textured polycrystalline Mg overlayer is produced. Annealing the Mg film above 300°C causes some oxidation of Mg at the Mg / Al2O3 interface, but most of the Mg desorbs from the surface.
Turbine Modeling Techniques for Power System Simulation Calculation

In the light of low precision of the turbine model used in power system simulation calculation,this paper analyzes the turbine and its pressurized water diversion system,simplifies and improves the model of the turbine and its pressurized water diversion system based on the power system simulation calculation,proposes the suggestions to select corresponding water hammer model according to the characteristic of the water diversion system.Simulation instance shows that improved model enhances simulation precision of the model,and can be used in the system simulation calculation.
Analysis and control strategies of the HAV and HEV infection among public-place employees in Guangze in 2011

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis A and viral hepatitis E among public-place employees in Guangze in 2011,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of these diseases.Methods: The analysis was based on the data of the medical examinations of public-place employees in Guangze in 2011 to detect serous HAV-IgM antibodies and serous HEV-IgM antibodies.Results: 2938 service industry employees had participated in the medical examination(508 from a food processing enterprise,2430 from other sources),in which positive rate of anti-HAV-IgM was 0.48%,while that of the anti-HEV-IgM was 0.75%.Among the 508 practitioners from the food processing enterprise,anti-HAV-IgM positive rate was 1.7%,and anti-HEV-IgM positive rate was 0.60%.The infection rates of both diseases were relatively high,and HEV infection rate was significantly higher than HAV.In densely populated enterprise,HAV infection rate was higher than the average HAV infection rate of the whole county.Conclusion: HAVHEV infection rates are significantly higher in Guangze county than the national average,more efforts should be put on monitoring the epidemic situation of these diseases.At the same time,health supervision departments should take appropriate measures to prevent HAVHEV outbreak.
Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defects (ASDs) occur in 1 of 1500 live births and constitute 6–10 % of congenital cardiac defects. There is a female-to-male predominance of 2 to 1.
Binding of Anionic Ligands to Peptic Fragments of Bovine Serum Albumin

The binding of anionic ligands was determined in fragments of bovine serum albumin prepared by pepsin digestion. The two fragments were the —NH 2 terminal (amino acids 1-306) and the —COOH terminal half (amino acids 307-582), originally described by T. King [ Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 156 : 509-520 (1973)]. Ligand binding and competitive interactions were described by a Scatchard model having multiple independent sites. Equilibrium partitioning at 37°C showed that 14 C-palmitate was bound to the —COOH terminal fragment (P-A) at one high-affinity site, k 1 = 5.2 x 10 6 M -1 , while the —NH 2 terminal fragment (P-B) bound up to 4 mol with a lower affinity. The weaker binding ligands octanoate and chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) displaced 14 CC-palmitate competitively from fragments P-A and P-B, respectively, with apparent competition constants ( k i 9) 10 -1 less than the respective association constants ( k i ). Fragment P-A contained 0.4-0.8 high-affinity sites for 14 C-CPIB and 3 H-ANS, with a k 1 of 10 5 M -1 , and fragment P-B bound these ligands at several low-affinity sites ( k i ≅ 10 3 M -1 ). The binding curve of 3 H-ANS to reconstituted albumin, prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of P-A and P-B, was greater than to either peptic fragment. The profile equaled that obtained by summing the affinity constants of P-A and P-B. It is concluded that P-A is the fragment with a strong binding site for anionic ligands, but few if any weak sites, while P-B contains multiple weak sites and no strong sites. These data were explained in terms of a model with initially independent sites of unequal affinity for the ligand.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Measles

Measles is a highly contagious viral illness which once affected more than 95% of persons in the United States. Since licensure of a safe and highly effective vaccine, measles incidence has fallen to less than 1% of prevaccination levels. A relative resurgence of measles during 1989-1991, however, focused attention on the need to maintain high immunization levels, particularly among preschool-aged children in urban areas. Improved vaccine coverage levels and a second-dose strategy to eliminate susceptibilities resulting from vaccine failure can help achieve the goal of elimination of indigenous measles from the United States by 1996.
Mode-based analytical models for arbitrary wire and planar antennas

We describe new methods to generate circuit models for arbitrary wire and planar antennas. We first use the characteristic modes of the structure to develop a set of eigenimpedances that are independent of feed position. Once the antenna's eigenimpedances are known, the input impedance can be computed for a feed placed anywhere on the structure through simple calculations (products and sums). Therefore, the input impedance at all points on the structure can be determined very quickly relative to conventional simulation methods. While this approach is inherently approximate, it provides accurate results for many topologies while requiring far fewer calculations than port simulation. Furthermore, the approach applies to multi-port antennas where the complexity of evaluating many possible port combinations greatly increases the cost of conventional port simulation.
Sociology in America

Sociology as an intellectual enterprise burgeoned in Western capitalistic societies beginning in the late nineteenth century. Its origins lie in a particular set of circumstances including the development of the research university as a source of legitimate knowledge and the establishment of welfare capitalism with its persistent demands for certified knowledge of the conditions of the general population. In current sociology, although the university still dominates the picture, government bureaus, business enterprises, and non-profit organisations, in America at least, utilise numerous sociologists, providing a varied social organisational base for the discipline.
Facile preparation of nickel/carbonized wood nanocomposite for environmentally friendly supercapacitor electrodes

We are reporting a facile way to prepare nickel/carbon nanocomposites from wood as a novel electrode material for supercapacitors. The surface morphology and the structure of the as-prepared electrodes were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that after high-temperature carbonization process, the wood is converted into graphitic carbon with nickel nanoparticles uniformly distributed within the three dimensional structure of the wood. Electrochemical characterization such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were conducted. These results showed that the introduction of nickel into the carbonized wood improves the specific capacitance and the cyclic stability of the nanocomposite electrode over that of the pure carbonized wood electrode. The composite electrode displayed an enhanced capacitive performance of 3616 F/g at 8 A/g, and showed an excellent capacitance retention after 6000 charge-discharge cycles. These results endow the nickel nanoparticles impregnated carbonized wood with a great potential for future application in supercapacitors.
Joint FAM/Line Management Assessment Report on LLNL Machine Guarding Safety Program

The LLNL Safety Program for Machine Guarding is implemented to comply with requirements in the ES&H Manual Document 11.2, "Hazards-General and Miscellaneous," Section 13 Machine Guarding (Rev 18, issued Dec. 15, 2015). The primary goal of this LLNL Safety Program is to ensure that LLNL operations involving machine guarding are managed so that workers, equipment and government property are adequately protected. This means that all such operations are planned and approved using the Integrated Safety Management System to provide the most cost effective and safest means available to support the LLNL mission.
Building partnerships to restore pollinator habitat

Farms in North America have become an unfriendly place for pollinators in the past century. A mere handful of crops (namely, corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton) have replaced the diverse native wild...
Nonlinear Modal Interactions in PT-Symmetric Lasers

We discuss nonlinear modal interactions in PT-symmetric laser systems under steady state conditions, and we demonstrate several gain clamping scenarios in both the PT-symmetric and PT-broken phases.
Mechanical models favor a ramp geometry for the Ventura-pitas point fault, California

Recent investigations have provided new and significantly revised constraints on the subsurface structure of the Ventura-Pitas Point fault system in southern California; however, few data directly constrain fault surfaces below ~6 km depth. Here, we use geometrically complex three-dimensional mechanical models driven by current geodetic strain rates to test two proposed subsurface models of the fault system. We find that the model that incorporates a ramp geometry for the Ventura-Pitas Point fault better reproduces both the regional long term geologic slip rate data and interseismic GPS observations of uplift in the Santa Ynez Mountains. The model-calculated average reverse slip rate for the Ventura-Pitas Point fault is 3.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr, although slip rates are spatially variable on the fault surface with > 8 mm/yr predicted on portions of the lower ramp section at depth.
What works? Evidence on the role of faith in poverty reduction

Conference report from Yale University 20 & 21 September 2016 on measuring, evaluating and reporting the role of faith-based intervetions on reducing povery and promoting well-being globaly.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the C-Terminal Domain of Nup358/RanBP2.

The nuclear pore complex is the sole mediator of bidirectional transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nup358 is a metazoan-specific nucleoporin that localizes to the cytoplasmic filaments and provides several binding sites for the mobile nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery. Here we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Nup358 at 1.75 A resolution. The structure reveals that the CTD adopts a cyclophilin-like fold with a non-canonical active-site configuration. We determined biochemically that the CTD possesses weak peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity and show that the active-site cavity mediates a weak association with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 capsid protein, supporting its role in viral infection. Overall, the surface is evolutionarily conserved, suggesting that the CTD serves as a protein–protein interaction platform. However, we demonstrate that the CTD is dispensable for nuclear envelope localization of Nup358, suggesting that the CTD does not interact with other nucleoporins.
Experimental improvements on an analogue of repression paradigm

Experimental studies in repression have generally neglected to control for dissipation of failure effects as a function of time and possible retroactive inhibition effects. This investigation attempted to correct these deficiencies. 48 male undergraduate Ss were randomly assigned to 2 experimenters and 4 groups differentiated by the interpolated activity. They were given 20 trials to learn 10 paired associate nonsense syllables. The results showed (a) significant decrements in retention after failure and significant gains after failure was removed, (b) no dissipation of failure effects with time nor retroactive inhibition effects, (c) a significant interaction between conditions and experimenters, suggesting experimenter differences in effectiveness in presenting standardized instructions. “Repression” as a unique phenomenon is not unequivocally established, but the design improvements should be worthy of notice.
Financial Literacy in the U.S. and Efforts Toward Credit Education

In 1997, a baseline measure of the personal financial literacy of American high school seniors was taken through an examination of 1,532 students in the 1997 Personal Financial Survey of High School Seniors.1 The results of this nationally-representative sample were summarized in Mandell (1998). He found a generally low level of personal financial literacy characterized by an average test score of just 57.3 percent.
Oscillations of the Chondrogenic Phenotype in vitro

To establish perspective, we should like to begin by commenting on “differentiated” versus “undifferentiated” cells and their relationship to cell division.
Some Paradoxes of Macrophage Function

This paper, dealing with several curious paradoxes in macrophage function, is principally in the nature of an editorial review, although some recent, as yet unpublished, work from our laboratory is described. In its preparation, I was at first dismayed to realize that it raises so many questions, but answers very few. Still the purpose of such an effort is to arouse interest in what I believe are provocative issues, with the hope that their examination and analysis might stimulate some productive research, whether in my own group or by others. Both consequences are manifestations of the creative process that drives us all, and therefore they bring both participatory and vicarious satisfaction.
AQUEOUS MEDIA IN THE INTRAMOLECULAR HECK REACTION

In the last several years intramolecular variants of the Heck reaction [1] have been developed to produce complex polycyclic structures, as schematically illustrated by conversion of A to D. However, the successful formation of more than one ring in intramolecular Heck reactions of A has depended on substrate structure to prevent β-hydride elimination from intermediate(s) (e.g., B, R ≠ H). For B in which R = H, however, we wondered if aqueous media would favor further alkene insertion over β-hydride elimination in B, either because the alkenebearing chain would be poorly solvated by water (hydrophobic effect [2]) or because water would help to ionize the Pd-X bond. Intriguingly, our preliminary experiments suggest that changing from CH 3 CN to H 2 O-CH 3 CN or H 2 O-ethanol mixtures, with additives such as LiCl, indeed causes dramatic changes in product distribution for some substrates but not others.
Personality and Longevity: Paradoxes

There is a long history of research and theory arguing that certain patterns of psychological responding are damaging to or promoting of physical health - that is, that certain personalities are disease-prone or self-healing (Friedman 1990, 1991). It is often assumed that people who are sociable, optimistic, undemanding, and easygoing are prone to health and longevity, but the research designs have been weak, and contradictory examples are common.
Impact of Accounting and Related Theories on Financial Reporting: Pre and Post Enron Developments

Following the collapse of Enron, a lot of comparisons were drawn between the principles based approach which existed in jurisdictions such as the UK, and the US rules based approach. A major problem regarding Enron was related to off balance sheet debt which resulted largely as a result of the direct observance of rules without the ability to consider the substance of underlying transactions -- a direct consequence of the prevailing rules based system.Amongst other objectives, this presentation and paper investigates whether Enron has really made a difference in the response to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards in the United States.
The Relationship between Supervisor Feedback Environment and Voluntary Work Behavior

Previous studies have demonstrated that supervisor feedback environment has a positive effect on employees’ job attitudes and job performance. However, studies examining the relationship between su...
Readmissions to an alternate hospital in patients undergoing vascular intervention for claudication and critical limb ischemia associated with significantly higher mortality.

Abstract Background Hospital readmissions with 30 days after vascular surgical interventions have been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. Readmission rates, now a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services quality measure, have been studied in databases that have excluded certain payer types and states and have not accounted for readmission to a hospital different from that of the index admission. More accurate and nationally representative data are needed, because this fragmentation of care could lead to flawed conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to examine the incidence and risk factors for readmission to a nonindex hospital for patients admitted for claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI). We also examined how this disruption of patient care affects mortality. Methods The 2013 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for all patients admitted for claudication or CLI who had undergone angioplasty, lower extremity bypass, or aortobifemoral bypass. The outcomes of interest were 30- and 365-day readmission rates to any hospital, 30- and 365-day readmission rates to a nonindex hospital, and mortality rates. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission to a nonindex hospital. The most common readmission diagnoses and diagnosis-related groups were identified. Results A total of 92,769 patients had been admitted with peripheral vascular disease (33,055 with claudication and 59,714 with CLI). The 30- and 365-day readmission rate was 8.97% and 21.49% and 19.26% and 40.36%, for claudication and CLI, respectively. Of the 30- and 365-day readmissions, 20.47% and 24.92% had occurred at a nonindex hospital, respectively. Significantly higher mortality rates were found for patients with 30- or 365-day readmissions to different hospitals (odds ratio, 1.4 and 1.8, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that procedural indication and angioplasty are not significant risk factors for readmission to a different hospital. However, female sex, length of stay >7 days, and Charlson Comorbidity Index >3 remained significant risk factors for nonindex readmissions. The most common disease groups for nonindex readmission were “septicemia and disseminated infections” (6.5%), “heart failure” (6.4%), “other vascular procedures” (6.1%), and “amputation of lower limb except toes” (4.0%). Conclusions Previously unreported, ≥1 in 4 readmissions after lower extremity vascular procedures for peripheral vascular disease will occur at a nonindex hospital. This fragmentation of care is associated with increased mortality and has serious implications for guiding outcome and quality measures. With a sizeable portion of patients missed by current metrics, concern exists that providers are using flawed data. Further study into social- and patient-specific risk factors might provide methods to prevent these readmissions and improve outcomes in this difficult patient population.
Factors affecting temporal variations in vapor intrusion-induced indoor air contaminant concentrations

Abstract Temporal variability in indoor air contaminant concentrations at vapor intrusion (VI) sites has been a concern for some time. We consider the source of the reported variability at VI sites located near Hill Air Force Base (AFB) in Utah, an EPA experimental house in Indiana, and Naval Air Station North Island in California. We focus in particular on how the indoor/outdoor pressure differences and air exchange rates affected indoor air contaminant concentrations at these sites. We investigate how these dynamics differ for a site that is characterized by a preferential pathway (like Hill AFB) and VI sites that are not influenced by such pathways, using three-dimensional fluid dynamics models and statistical analysis of the aforementioned sites. A preferential pathway can dramatically increase a VI site's sensitivity to build pressurization, provided there exist a medium allowing effective communication between a contaminant-delivering preferential pathway and the indoor air space, e.g. a permeable subslab space that may be provided by a gravel layer. Preferential pathways may also erroneously indicate the presence of indoor contaminant sources. At sites characterized by significant advective transport from the subslab to the indoor air space, much of the short-term variability in indoor air contaminant concentration can be explained by an impact of fluctuations in indoor/outdoor pressure differences. Meanwhile, air exchange rate variation drives most of the short-term variability at sites characterized by minor variations in advective transport.
Expression of mouse Dab2ip transcript variants and gene methylation during brain development

Dab2ip (DOC-2/DAB2 interacting protein) is a RasGAP protein which shows a growth-inhibitory effect in human prostate cancer cell lines. Recent studies have shown that Dab2ip also plays an important role in regulating dendrite development and neuronal migration during brain development. In this study, we provide a more complete description of the mouse Dab2ip (mDab2ip) gene locus and examined DNA methylation and expression of Dab2ip during cerebellar development. Analysis of cDNA sequences in public databases revealed a total of 20 possible exons for mDab2ip gene, spanning over 172kb. Using Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) data available through FANTOM5 project, we deduced five different transcription start sites for mDab2ip. Here, we characterized three different mDab2ip transcript variants beginning with exon 1. These transcripts varied by the presence or absence of exons 3 and 5, which encode a putative nuclear localization signal and the N-terminal region of a PH-domain, respectively. The 5' region of the mDab2ip gene contains three putative CpG islands (CpG131, CpG54, and CpG85). Interestingly, CpG54 and CpG85 are localized on exons 3 and 5. Bisulfate DNA sequencing showed that methylation level of CpG54 remained constant whereas methylation of CpG85 increased during cerebellar development. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the proportion of PH-domain containing mDab2ip transcripts increased during cerebellar development, in correlation with the increase in CpG85 methylation. These data suggest that site-specific methylation of mDab2ip gene during cerebellar development may play a role in inclusion of exon 5, resulting in a Dab2ip transcript variant that encodes a full pleckstrin homology (PH) domain.
Complex Task Performance Assessment (CTPA) and Functional Cognition in People With Parkinson's Disease.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine how Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects functional cognition as assessed by the Complex Task Performance Assessment (CTPA) and to examine the associations of CTPA performance with other indicators of executive function in people with PD. METHOD. Volunteers with PD without dementia (n = 20) and community control participants (n = 19) completed neuropsychological testing, patient-reported outcome measures, and the CTPA. RESULTS. There were no group differences for CTPA performance accuracy; however, the PD group took longer to complete the CTPA than did the control group. In the PD group, inefficient CTPA performance correlated with poorer cognitive flexibility and worse reported everyday shifting and task monitoring. CONCLUSION. Decreased executive function, namely cognitive flexibility and attentional control, may impair functional cognition in people with PD. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples are warranted to determine the discriminant validity and sensitivity of the CTPA. Use of performance-based assessments such as the CTPA may increase the understanding of functional cognition in people with PD.
An Integrated Multiscale Modeling Framework for Sustainable Process Design Applications

Abstract This work presents a multiscale modeling framework that combines detailed engineering process models with coarser, aggregated models at the value chain and economy scale. The framework expands the analysis boundary of sustainable process design (SPD) problems to the national scale and captures the full life cycle. Current SPD methods rely on process model-based life cycle assessment, which can neglect significant portions of the life cycle and lead to truncation error in impact accounting. A toy supply chain design problem is used to compare the proposed multiscale modeling framework to a standard SPD approach. The multiscale framework is shown to lead to supply chain designs that have reduced emissions and slightly increased production cost compared to designs obtained using the standard approach. Designs that were environmentally optimal under the standard SPD approach are shown to be suboptimal when evaluated using the multiscale framework.
Polyarylene polyimides with hydrocarbon and semi-fluorinated backbones: synthesis, characterization, and properties

A series of six new polyarylene polyimides (PAPI) was prepared from a highly phenylated phenylenediamine synthesized via a Diels–Alder reaction. The diamine was reacted with a variety of dianhydrides using a one-step microwave-assisted step-growth polycondensation reaction to give the PAPI. The polymerizations were complete in 10 to 30 minutes using isoquinoline as catalyst. Yields as high as 99% were achieved using nitrobenzene as the solvent. A semi-fluorinated dianhydride was included to compare polyimide properties to the hydrocarbon materials. Full characterization was carried out via1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal properties were characterized via thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The onset of thermal degradation was approximately 550 °C in nitrogen and air atmospheres while the char yields at 1000 °C in nitrogen were almost 70%. The semi-fluorinated polyarylene polyimide exhibited the highest char yield. Glass transition temperatures were in the range of 355 to 387 °C, with the semi-fluorinated material possessing the highest Tg and the most rigid material affording the lowest Tg. Optical transparency was good in all the materials, with the semi-fluorinated material having the largest optical window in the UV-Vis region. The polymers were colorless or pale yellow solids. Solubility was excellent in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and cyclohexanone. We are currently interested in these materials and precursors for fuel cell and gas separation membranes, coatings, fibers, adhesives, and composite applications.
A non-luminescent polymorph of [(cyclohexyl isocyanide)2Au]PF6 that becomes luminescent upon grinding or exposure to dichloromethane vapor.

The discovery of a third, non-luminescent crystalline polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2Au]PF6 is reported. Remarkably, crystals of this polymorph are sensitive to mechanical pressure or to exposure to dichloromethane vapor. In both cases, the conversion produces the yellow, green luminescent polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2Au]PF6 and not the colorless, blue luminescent polymorph.
Dynamic Contracting with Moral Hazard Under Incomplete Information

I study a continuous time principal-agent model in which an unknown parameter and the agent's hidden effort affect the distribution of observable outcomes. The principal and the agent learn about the parameter by observing past outcomes. The agent's current effort has an implicit long-term effect through the belief dynamics and a deviation in effort creates a persistent disparity between the principal's and the agent's beliefs. This disparity affects the rate of learning as well as how the two evaluate the expected distribution of future outcomes which in turn affects their evaluation of future payoffs. Placing minimal restrictions on how effort and the parameter interact, I derive necessary and sufficient conditions for incentive compatible contracts. In addition to the agent's promised utility, the covariance between the on-path posterior beliefs and the agent's total payoff serves as a second state variable capturing the marginal long-run effects of effort.
Významové obměny a vývoj funkcí u příslovcí "dokona" a "dokonce" v barokní češtině

Semantic Shifts and the Development of Functions of the Adverbs dokona and dokonce in Baroque Czech The adverbs dokona and dokonce went through a similar process of etymological and semantic development. Both of them were relatively often used by Baroque authors to mean ‘uplně, zcela’ (‘fully, completely’), and – when used with negated verbs – ‘vůbec’ (‘at all’). Whereas dokona gradually became obsolete, dokonce is currently one of the most frequent means of expressing and emphasising graduation. Although these functions are not recorded in Jungmann’s dictionary, this article demonstrates that both dokona and dokonce had these features already in Baroque texts. It is evident, then, that the Baroque period is an important stage in the development of the Czech language, and that it must not be overlooked in linguistic studies. Zmiany semantyczne i rozwoj funkcji przyslowkow dokona i dokonce w czeszczyźnie barokowej Proces rozwoju etymologicznego i semantycznego przyslowkow dokona i dokonce byl podobny. Obydwa byly stosunkowo czesto uzywane przez autorow barokowych w znaczeniu ‘uplně, zcela’ (‘w pelni, calkowicie’), a w polączeniu z przeczeniem – w znaczeniu ‘vůbec’ (‘w ogole’). O ile dokona stopniowo wyszlo z uzycia, dokonce jest obecnie jedną z najcześciej stosowanych form wyrazania i podkreślania gradacji. Choc takie uzycie nie zostalo odnotowane w slowniku Jungmanna, niniejszy artykul wykazuje, ze obydwa omawiane przyslowki pelnily te funkcje juz w okresie baroku. Wydaje sie zatem oczywiste, ze ten okres jest istotnym etapem w rozwoju jezyka czeskiego i nie mozna go pomijac w analizach jezykoznawczych.
Gastric glomus tumor

Gastric glomus tumors are rare, mesenchymal neoplasms, generally described as benign and account for nearly 1% of all gastrointestinal soft tissue tumors. The most common gastrointestinal site of involvement is the stomach, particularly the antrum. Gastric glomus tumors are submucosal tumors that lack specific clinical and endoscopic characteristics, and are often mistaken for the more common gastrointestinal stromal tumors. A 62-year-old Caucasian female presented with shortness of breath and a persistent cough. Clinical workup revealed a mass in the upper abdomen. After endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration raised concerns for cancer, the patient elected to proceed with exploratory laparotomy. A local resection was performed at the time of surgery. Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings following surgical resection were consistent with a gastric glomus tumor. Consideration of gastric glomus tumors in the differential diagnosis may optimize the chance for a more accurate preoperative diagnosis and targeted surgical intervention.
Rack Force Estimation for Driving on Uneven Road Surfaces

Abstract The force transmitted from the front tires and tie rods to the steering rack of a vehicle, called the rack force, significantly influences the torque experienced by a driver at the steering wheel. As a result, estimates of rack force are used in a wide variety of advanced driver assist systems. Existing methods for producing rack force estimates are either susceptible to steering system disturbances or are only applicable for driving on roads with low frequency profile variations such as road slopes. In this paper we present a model that can produce disturbance-free rack force estimates for driving on roads with high frequency profile variations, such as road cleats and potholes, in addition to roads with low frequency profile variations. We validate the estimation accuracy of our model by presenting results from two driving experiments that were performed on test tracks with known low and high frequency road profile variations. We further demonstrate the merits of our model relative to the existing models by comparing the various estimates to rack force measurements obtained using a sensor mounted in the test vehicle.
Social Networking Site Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associations With Social and Emotional Well-being in College Students: Survey Study.

Background: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the frequency of in-person social interactions. College students were highly impacted, since many universities transferred curriculum from in-person to entirely online formats, physically separating students with little notice. With social distancing, their use of social networking sites (SNSs) likely changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly holding implications for well-being. Objective: This study aimed to determine (1) how components of SNS use (ie, weekly frequency, time per day, habitual use, engagement, enjoyment, addiction, and emotional impact) changed from before to during COVID-19, (2) how these changes in SNS use were associated with pandemic-related social and emotional well-being, and (3) how SNS use and changes in use during the pandemic were associated with loneliness. Methods: College students (N=176) were surveyed during the time when their university campus in the United States was operating online. Participants completed the same SNS use questionnaires twice, once with regard to the month preceding the onset of COVID-19 and again with regard to the month since this time. They also reported the extent to which they experienced perceived change in social support resulting from the pandemic, pandemic-related stress, and general loneliness. Results: After the onset of COVID-19, participants showed an increase in daily time spent on SNSs (t169=5.53, d=0.42, P 0.18 for all). Pandemic-related stress was associated with changes in SNS addiction and the extent to which one’s SNS content was related to the pandemic (r>0.20 for all). Loneliness was positively associated with SNS addiction (r=0.26) and negatively associated with SNS engagement (r=–0.19) during the pandemic. Loneliness was also negatively associated with changes in habit and engagement (r<–0.15 for all). Conclusions: Findings suggest that components of SNS use are associated with both positive and negative pandemic-related social outcomes, but largely negative pandemic-related emotional outcomes. Further, some components of SNS use are positively associated with loneliness (eg, addiction) while others show a negative association (eg, engagement). These findings provide a more nuanced picture of how SNS use is associated with social and emotional well-being during the time of a global health crisis when in-person interactions are scarce.
Debating Frontline Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the early 2000s revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Interferon alpha was previously the standard treatment for patients with CP CML prior to the development of TKIs; however, survival was dismal, with a median of 5-6 years (1). With the advent of TKI therapy, the estimated 10-year overall survival increased from less than 20% to more than 80% (2). When optimal therapy is instituted with appropriate monitoring, patients with CP CML now live close to normal life spans (3, 4). Imatinib, the first of these revolutionary medications, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of CML after failure of interferon-alpha therapy in 2001 and for newly diagnosed CP CML patients in 2003. Shortly thereafter, following preclinical and clinical data demonstrating increased potency against the BCR-ABL target, frontline approvals for the second-generation TKIs (dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib) soon followed based on the results of their respective clinical trials (DASISION, ENEST and BFORE) (5–7). Each of these trials compared the efficacy of imatinib 400 mg daily with the corresponding second-generation TKI. Notably, no significant survival difference has been demonstrated between imatinib and any of the second-generation inhibitors. Accordingly, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) practice guidelines recommend choosing a therapeutic agent based on risk scoring, age, and comorbidities (8, 9). Thus, the optimal frontline treatment of CP CML has become the subject of debate. A recently published meta-analysis sought to answer this question by comparing the safety and efficacy of imatinib versus dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib for initial treatment of CP CML (10). Second- and third-generation TKIs demonstrated superior clinical outcomes but also increased toxicity. The authors concluded that the choice of frontline therapy should depend on patients’ age and comorbidities. They suggested that patients without comorbidities should receive second-generation TKIs as initial therapy and that imatinib should be the preferred initial therapy for older patients or those with comorbidities. Notably, third-generation TKI (ponatinib) has not been approved nor is recommended as the frontline treatment of CP AML. Herein, we will review this recently published work and present the arguments for and against the use of second-generation TKIs as initial therapy for CP CML.
Antitrust at the Global Level

The University of Chicago is a place that prides itself on contrarianism: think the unconventional; imagine the impossible; take the game of playing devil's advocate to new heights. This is therefore the perfect place to take a fresh look at an issue on which one has long had firm views. After years of arguing that international antitrust rules are either utterly impractical' or downright dangerous, I propose to don another hat and to imagine what the rules of a new global antitrust regime ought to be. There are a number of good reasons for doing this. First, antitrust or competition law is with us to stay at the global level: proselytizing on the part of the United States,3 coupled with the self-interest that has led countless nations to adopt or strengthen market-based economies in the last fifteen years, has resulted in a world in which more than one hundred countries now have national antitrust laws. Those laws, to the extent that they regulate the actions of firms operating on an international scale, have just as much potential for conflict as banking laws, tax laws, securities laws, tort laws, or any other body of law one can name. Second, the topic is timely. On June 14, 2004, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in E Hoffmann-LaRoche, Ltd v Empagran S.A.,4 which addressed the extent to which the Sherman Act reaches foreign-based anticompetitive conduct that causes only foreign injury. In the course of its discussion, the Court expressed some skepticism about the extent to which the antitrust laws of the various nations have really converged, and it observed that thinking about
Deep profiling of single T cell receptor repertoire and phenotype with targeted RNA-seq (TECH2P.927)

Analysis of TCR repertoires is useful for monitoring T cell responses. Integrating TCR sequencing with expression of targeted genes at the single cell level allows comprehensive analysis of T cell function and specificity. RT-PCR reactions of single T cells were performed using 76 primers from VJC regions and 136 primers for targeted T cell genes. A series of nested PCR reactions incorporated with barcodes and adapters for pooled amplicons sequencing. A bioinformatics pipeline was used data analysis. 2880 single T cells were collected and tested. TCR sequences were obtained in up to 90% of the wells. Based on the CDR3 region, multiple dominant TCR clones were identified. 52 of 68 target genes were validated with sorted target-specific T cells. FOXP3, IL10, PRF1, IL13, and RUNX3 were highly expressed in memory activated cells. The specific CD8+ T cells had high frequency of CCR9, LAG3, CD8, CD62L, and IFNG expression. TGFB, TNFA, IL12, FOXP3, PD1, TBET, CTLA4, MKI67, RUNX1, and GATA3 were major biomarkers in the specific CD4 cells. The gene expression patterns were often associated with TCR repertoire CDR3 variations and/or the TCRβ and TCRα chain usage although the same TCRα/β sequences may have different target genes expressed. We expanded a method enabling sequencing of TCR repertoire and multiple functional genes in single, sorted, T cells through targeted RNA-seq technology. This approach could reveal important insights into T cell functions and clonal development.
Analysis of Multi-Cell Production Systems Considering Cell Size and Worker Flexibility

This simulation study investigates the performance of a number of multi-cell configurations generated by altering the cell size, worker flexibility and shop type, under a variety of experimental conditions. The experimental factors considered are product mix balance, due date tightness, and setup-to-processing-time ratio. The study is motivated by the challenges faced by an electronic manufacturer to design an efficient and effective multi-cell production system. The results demonstrate that everything else being equal, small cells perform better under low setup times and loose-to-moderate due date tightness levels, while larger cells perform better under high setup times and tight due date environments. Furthermore, the performance of larger cells is more robust with respect to due date tightness factor than that of smaller cells. It is also shown that the presence of some routing flexibility in the shop significantly enhances the performance of the small cells. However, shops with no routing flexibility need to be large to perform effectively, especially when facing constraints such as tight due dates and extreme product mix unbalance.
AMBIVALENCE AND AUTHENTIC AGENCY

It is common to believe that some of our concerns are deeper concerns of ours than are others and that some of our attitudes are central rather than peripheral to our psychological identity. What is the best approach to characterizing depth or centrality to the self? This paper addresses the matter of the depth and authenticity of attitudes and the relation of this matter to the autonomy of action. It defends a conception of the real self in terms of preferences and convictions that cohere in a particular structural sense. It thereby gives content to the notion of wholeheartedness to which various action theorists make appeal. The approach is defended in part by an examination of how it handles the phenomenon of ambivalence.1