cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a Theoretically Grounded Gaming App to Increase Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Lessons From the Development of the Viral Combat Mobile Phone Game.

Background: In the United States, young minority men who have sex with men (MSM) are most likely to become infected with HIV. The use of antiretroviral medications to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection (pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) is an efficacious and promising prevention strategy. There have been significant advances regarding PrEP, including the definitive demonstration that PrEP reduces HIV acquisition and the development of clinical prescribing guidelines. Despite these promising events, the practical implementation of PrEP can be challenging. Data show that PrEP’s safety and effectiveness could be greatly compromised by suboptimal adherence to treatment, and there is concern about the potential for an increase in HIV risk behavior among PrEP users. Due to these challenges, the prescribing of PrEP should be accompanied by behavioral interventions to promote adherence. Objective: This study aimed to develop an immersive, action-oriented iPhone gaming intervention to improve motivation for adherence to PrEP. Methods: Game development was guided by social learning theory, taking into consideration the perspectives of young adult MSM who are taking PrEP. A total of 20 young men who have sex with men (YMSM; aged 18-35 years) were recruited from a sexually transmitted infection (STI), HIV testing, and PrEP care clinic in Jackson, Mississippi, between October 2016 and June 2017. They participated in qualitative interviews guided by the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model of behavior change. The mean age of participants was 26 years, and all the participants identified as male. Acceptability of the game was assessed with the Client Service Questionnaire and session evaluation form. Results: A number of themes emerged that informed game development. YMSM taking PrEP desired informational game content that included new and comprehensive details about the effectiveness of PrEP, details about PrEP as it relates to doctors’ visits, and general information about STIs other than HIV. Motivational themes that emerged were the desire for enhancement of future orientation; reinforcement of positive influences from partners, parents, and friends; collaboration with health care providers; decreasing stigma; and a focus on personal relevance of PrEP-related medical care. Behavioral skills themes centered around self-efficacy and strategies for adherence to PrEP and self-care. Conclusions: We utilized youth feedback, IMB, and agile software development to create a multilevel, immersive, action-oriented iPhone gaming intervention to improve motivation for adherence to PrEP. There is a dearth of gaming interventions for persons on PrEP. This study is a significant step in working toward the development and testing of an iPhone gaming intervention to decrease HIV risk and promote adherence to PrEP for YMSM.
Sustainable lignin to enhance asphalt binder oxidative aging properties and mix properties

Abstract Using sustainable, renewable substances that can be locally-sourced instead of petroleum-based asphalt binders would be better for our environment. Replacing a small portion (maximum of 6%) of asphalt binder with three different types of lignin was investigated to determine its effects on aged and unaged asphalt binder and mix. Commercially available Kraft lignin, lignin precipitated from black liquor in the laboratory, lignin produced from rice hulls in the laboratory using a deep eutectic solvent, and a standard asphalt binder (control) were evaluated. Lignin improved the high temperature performance grade. All lignin-modified binders showed higher strain tolerance than unmodified binders in strain sweep tests. Lignin precipitated from black liquor and lignin produced from rice hulls improved the long-term aging index. Rutting, cracking, and moisture damage susceptibility tests were performed on an asphalt mix prepared with 6% lignin precipitated from black liquor asphalt binder. Improved rutting resistance was observed from the lignin-modified asphalt mix, without sacrificing moisture-induced damage resistance. Better cracking resistance with respect to increased flexibility index was observed according to the semi-circular bend test. Replacing petroleum-based binder with up to 6% of lignin precipitated from black liquor is practicable for hot mix asphalt, and may be feasible in the lower temperature warm mix asphalt process.
End Stage Renal Disease after Cardiac Transplantation: An 11-Year National Cohort Study

Purpose End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a dreaded complication after cardiac transplantation and is associated with inferior post-transplant survival. In this study, we sought to identify the incidence and risk factors for the development of ESRD in heart transplant recipients. Methods We studied heart transplant recipients in the US between 01/01/2006-12/31/2016 using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We included recipients greater or equal to 18 years old. We excluded patients with ESRD prior to transplant. For ascertainment of our outcome of interest (ESRD), we linked our cohort data to the United States Renal Data System. ESRD was defined as the initiation of dialysis, waitlisting, or kidney transplantation, whichever was identified first. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to estimate the cumulative incidence of ESRD and used multivariate Cox regression to determine risk factors associated with ESRD. Results We identified 18,982 heart transplant recipients who were at risk for development of ESRD during our study period. Median follow-up time was 3.9 years, and ESRD developed in 666 recipients in a mean of 3.9±2.6 years after heart transplant. The risk of ESRD increased over time. The cumulative incidence at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years was 0.6% (0.5-0.7), 1.8% (1.6-2.0), 3.5% (3.2-3.9), and 9.1% (8.2-10.0), respectively. Pre-transplant risk factors associated with ESRD are shown in Table 1. Conclusion This is the largest study to date looking at ESRD after cardiac transplantation, and we found a ten-year risk of 9.1%. Closely monitoring the modifiable risk factors that we identified might reduce the long-term risk of ESRD.
Radiation Protection by Exogenous Arachidonic Acid and Several Metabolites

Based on the observations that 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2) protected intestinal clonogenic cells (ICC) from some degree of radiation injury, studies were done to see if exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) and its products were radioprotectants. One mg AA was required to measure protection that increased ICC survival from a single dose of 15.0 Gy cesium-137 from about 9 to 21 cells per jejunal circumference (P < 0.001). With phospholipase A2, lower doses of AA were protective. All prostaglandins (PG’s) were protective with the exception of E1. PGI2 was the most protective natural PG (300% increase in survival), and 15-deoxy, 16-hydroxy,16-methyl PGE1 (misoprostol) was the most protective to date (600% over controls). 16, 16-dm PGE2 also protected ICC from some degree of injury by the high-energy neutrons of Fermilab. Of the leukotrienes (LT’s) tested, LTC4 was the most protective (about 250% above controls) and LTD4 was next in order (150% increase in survival). These results suggest that AA and products of the AA cascade can modify the response of tissue to radiation, which may have both mechanistic and clinical implications.
Chromosomal Breakpoints Within the First Intron of the ABL Gene Are Nonrandom in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Bone marrow cells from 37 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), who had the characteristic Philadelphia chromosome in their leukemic cells, were examined for ABL gene rearrangement by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. By using several probes from the ABL gene, we found that in 33 of 37 (89%) patients studied, the translocation breakpoints in ABL fell within the 175-kilobase (kb) HRONIC MYELOGENOUS leukemia (CML) is charC acterized cytogenetically by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.l~~ Analyses of the rearranged chromosome 22 have demonstrated that the DNA breakpoints fall within a 5.8-kilobase (kb) region termed b~r.~.~ In contrast, the breakpoints on chromosome 9 are more widely dispersed, most frequently occurring in the first intron of the ABL gene, which spans over 200 kb.5-8 One of the consequences of this chromosome translocation is that a hybrid 8.5-kb message is transcribed from the S‘bcr-3‘ABL fused gene that encodes an altered protein p210k‘-ABL.9.10 Because this aberrant protein has enhanced tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity,l1,l2 the expression and activity of p210kr-ABL is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of CML. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning the specificity of translocation breakpoints in the ABL gene. These questions arise from the extraordinarily long intron in ABL and the lack of understanding of the mechanism of splicing over a long distance between exon 1 b and I1 of the ABL gene, as well as between ABL and BCR genes. Because exon 1 is spliced out of the matured bcr-ABL transcript in CML, breakpoints anywhere between exons 1 a and b do not affect this tran~cript.”.’~ Consequently, past studies have assumed that the CML translocation breakpoints occur randomly in the first intron. However, in studies on only a few CML patients and cell lines the specific locations of breakpoints in the ABL gene have been analy~ed.’-~.’~ Thus, whether or not chromosome breakpoints are random or clustered at specific sites within this intron remains unknown. To examine this question, we analyzed the ABL gene rearrangement in CML patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which allows separation of DNA fragments several hundred kilobases in length.I6 Additionally, we analyzed the breakpoints in the bcr region to determine if correlation existed between ABL and bcr breakpoints in CML patients.
Education for Beauty in Acervo da Laje (The Laje Collection) and the Emergence of Creative Work at the Outskirts of Salvador, Brazil

This chapter introduces the aesthetic and pedagogical experiences carried out at Acervo da Laje (The Laje Collection) involving artists and the population living on the periphery of Salvador. The author considers the impact of such actions in strengthening social support networks and in creating new symbolic fields in face of urban violence. He analyzes the role of artistic methodologies to cope with psychosocial vulnerability, namely. art education and the appreciation of memory, beauty, local history and its creative potential and capabilities in a context that is stigmatized by stereotypes linked to poverty and violence. In this sense, the project in scene is original and contradicts the usual notion that it is not possible to find creativity, art, history, and aesthetical values in the outskirts. There are no records of other initiatives with the same dimension and potential for growth and networking. The discussion is guided by the concept of developmental poetics, focusing on the process of creation, authoring, exhibition and socialization of pieces of art with the potential to favor human development under hardship, activating family and community dynamics through the occupation of nonformal education spaces, artistic creation, and exhibitions. Concrete experiences in this direction are presented and analyzed.
The structural approach to the empirical investigation of the meaning of dreams – Findings from the research project „Structural Dream Analysis“

The structural approach to the investigation of the meaning of dreams is described, which is also the foundation for the research method Structural Dream Analysis (SDA). The method focuses especially on the relationship between the dream ego and other figures in the dream and the extent of activity of the dream ego. Research with this approach has produced new insights on the connections of dream content with the personality of the dreamer. Five major dream patterns were identified which accounted for the majority of the dreams. These patterns are closely correlated with the psychological problems of the dreamers and their development in the course of psychotherapy. Additionally, typical changes in the dream series’ patterns could be identified which corresponded with therapeutic change. The usability of the structural approach is exemplified with the famous specimen case of psychoanalysis, Amalia X, and its 96 dreams. The implications for different psychoanalytic theories of dreaming and dream interpretation are discussed as well as implications for the continuity hypothesis.
Enhancing Seismic Resilience of Water Pipe Networks

As disasters such as earthquakes and floods become more frequent and detrimental, it is increasingly important that water infrastructure resilience be strategically enhanced to support post-disaster functionality and recovery. In this paper, we focus on the problem of strategically building seismic-resilient pipe networks to ensure direct water supply to critical customers and certain proximity to water sources for residential areas, which we formalize as the Steiner Network Problem with Coverage Constraints. We provide complexity statements of the problem and present an efficient mixed-integer linear program encoding to solve the problem. We also investigate the problem of planning partial network installments to maximize efficiency over time and propose a fast and effective sequential planning algorithm to solve it. We evaluate our algorithms on synthetic water networks and also apply them to a case study on a water service zone in Los Angeles, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods for large-scale real-world applications.
59. FAMILY-CENTERED COMMUNICATION: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESIDENT RESPONSE TO COMMUNICATION TRAINING

Background Pediatricians must utilize effective communication skills to establish a relationship with both their patients and their patients’ families. We modified the Erikson Institute Fussy Baby Network's FAN (Facilitating Attuned Interactions) communication tool to teach pediatric residents to communicate with families using an empathy-driven process. Objective Improve pediatric residents’ empathy, communication skills, and mindful self-regulation in their interactions with families. Design Eighteen pediatric residents from 1 institution and 7 pediatric fellows from another were trained to use the FAN Family Communication Tool to guide their clinical encounters and were followed for 6 months. At 3 time points (0, 3, and 6 months) patients completed the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) and the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) surveys, and trainees completed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS). At the end of the study 11 residents and mentors were interviewed, and transcripts were coded on NVivo software using open and focused coding. Results Residents demonstrated a rise in scores on the JSPE (p=0.044) and the KIMS (p Conclusions Family-centered communication training can improve physician-perceived empathy and mindfulness. Trainees used the FAN to develop a comprehensive view of a family's concerns by understanding and engaging with their emotions. Improved self-awareness allowed trainees to process their emotions to reduce stress and improve communication during encounters. Increasing empathetic and mindful interactions during patient encounters could thus improve clinical outcomes and ultimately benefit patient well-being.
Transfer function for YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation revealed through spatial systems modeling

ABSTRACT YAP/TAZ is a master regulator of mechanotransduction whose functions rely on translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to diverse physical cues. Substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape are all input signals for YAP/TAZ, and through this pathway, regulate critical cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Yet, the relative contributions of each biophysical signal and the mechanisms by which they synergistically regulate YAP/TAZ in realistic tissue microenvironments that provide multiplexed input signals remains unclear. For example, in simple 2D culture, YAP/TAZ nuclear localization correlates strongly with substrate stiffness, while in 3D environments, YAP/TAZ translocation can increase with stiffness, decrease with stiffness, or remain unchanged. Here, we develop a spatial model of YAP/TAZ translocation to enable quantitative analysis of the relationships between substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape. Our model couples cytosolic stiffness to nuclear mechanics to replicate existing experimental trends, and extends beyond current data to predict that increasing substrate activation area through changes in culture dimensionality, while conserving cell volume, forces distinct shape changes that result in nonlinear effect on YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. Moreover, differences in substrate activation area versus total membrane area can account for counterintuitive trends in YAP/TAZ nuclear localization in 3D culture. Based on this multiscale investigation of the different system features of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation, we predict that how a cell reads its environment is a complex information transfer function of multiple mechanical and biochemical factors. These predictions reveal design principles of cellular and tissue engineering for YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In chemical engineering, a transfer function is a mathematical function that models the output of a reactor for all possible inputs, and enables the reliable design and operation of complex reaction systems. Here, we apply this principle to cells to derive the transfer function by which substrate stiffness is converted into YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. This function is defined by a spatial model of the YAP/TAZ mechano-chemical sensing network, wherein key spatial and physical inputs to the system, namely cell and nuclear shape, surface area to volume ratios of cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, substrate dimensionality, substrate activation area, and substrate stiffness, are all integrated. The resulting model accounts for seemingly contradictory experimental trends and lends new insight into controlling YAP/TAZ signalling.
Characterizing past fire occurrence in longleaf pine ecosystems with the Mid-Infrared Burn Index and a Random Forest classifier

Abstract Prior to European settlement the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem covered over 92 million hectares in the southeastern United States. Historically, fire was an important driver of species composition in the longleaf pine ecosystem, but fire exclusion since the early 20th century has led to the degradation of longleaf pine communities and has had a detrimental effect on the large number of rare and endemic species found within this system. Thus, accurate estimates of fire history are important for better informed management of longleaf pine communities. Recently, satellite imagery has been used to identify burned areas. However, results have been inconsistent across physiographic regions and vegetation types (e.g. wetlands under high canopy). We developed a model using Landsat satellite imagery, coupled with a Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm, to identify burned areas and estimate the fire history from 1991 to 2019 for Fort Bragg, NC, one of the largest contiguous areas of longleaf pine ecosystem remaining. We calculated six spectral indices from the Landsat band values, including the Mid-Infrared Burn Index (MIRBI) and the change in MIRBI through time (ΔMIRBI), and used them as predictors in our RF model. We used the developed RF model to estimate the fire history for all known populations of 24 rare upland and wetland plant species found on Fort Bragg. We compared our results to a recent continental U.S. fire occurrence dataset, as well as the prescribed fire records from Fort Bragg. The overall AUC (area under the curve) for our RF model (0.74) compared favorably to the continental U.S. dataset results for Fort Bragg (0.69), and was able to capture the reduced fire frequency in wetlands. The most important predictor in our RF model was ΔMIRBI. Depending on the model, individual plant species were estimated to have experienced significant differences in fire frequency relative to the prescribed fire records. For our RF model, we estimated that 50% of wetland and 25% of upland species experienced a lower fire frequency relative to that represented in the prescribed fire records. The burn probability and classification tool generated in this paper provides land managers in the southeastern U.S. with a novel approach for accurately identifying burned areas and estimating local fire frequency across landscapes.
Surgical site infection in hand surgery.

As ambulatory surgery becomes increasingly common, there is growing interest in assessing, monitoring, and tracking complications that occur secondary to outpatient procedures. We sought to determine the rates of 14- and 30-day acute care visits for surgical site infection after outpatient hand surgery, and to identify associated factors. Using the California State Ambulatory Surgery database for 2010 and 2011, we identified 44,305 patients undergoing common outpatient hand surgery procedures. Cases were linked to the State Emergency Department and the State Inpatient databases for postoperative acute care visits (e.g. hospitalizations, emergency department or ambulatory surgical visits) related to surgical site infection. Postoperative acute care visits for surgical site infection occurred in 1.7 per 1,000 hand surgery procedures (0.17 %) at 14 days, and 3.3 per 1,000 (0.33 %) at 30 days. Thirty-day infection rates were lowest after ganglion cyst (0.15 %) and deQuervain surgery (0.25 %), and highest following cubital tunnel release (0.56 %) and trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty (0.49 %). Fifty-three percent of postoperative visits were treated in the emergency department setting, 37 % in the inpatient setting, and 10 % required an additional outpatient surgical procedure. Patients with government-funded insurance—Medicaid in particular—and those residing in rural areas had higher odds of postoperative acute care visits for surgical site infection. Diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use were not associated with increased risk for infection leading to an acute care visit. The rates of postoperative acute care visits for surgical site infection after ambulatory hand procedures are low but not negligible—particularly given how common hand surgery is, and the fact that many of these events entail hospitalizations or additional ambulatory procedures. Reasons for the increased risk of acute care visits for infection among publicly insured and rural patients merit additional research.
Using instructor written acceptance tests using the fit framework

With the recent release of the Fit framework, instructors can easily add acceptance testing into assignments in an introductory course in programming. In this paper we'll see how acceptance tests can be used by instructors to clarify the assignment and by students to check their progress. We'll also present an overview of the Fit framework and outline the differences between acceptance and unit testing in the classroom.
The Marathas 1600–1818

Presents the comprehensive history of the Maratha polity, which was an important regional kingdom in the 17th century and the largest political entity of 18th century India.
The water fountain vs. the fire hose: an examination and comparison of two large enterprise mail service migrations

Mail administrators will inevitably face a situation where they will need to migrate their users from one server to another, not infrequently migrating to a different service altogether. In 2008, two divisions of Argonne National Laboratory found themselves needing to migrate their users from disparate divisional mail servers to a central, institutional Zimbra Collaboration Server. Each group approached the situation from a different direction, driven by different motivations, timelines, and external forces; each ultimately achieved its goal, one more smoothly than the other. The first migration was driven by a high sense of urgency resulting in a "fire hose" approach, an en masse move followed by a grand switchover; the second migration was a more measured "water fountain" approach, taking in lessons learned during the first migration. Examining the processes, decisions, and tools used in each conversion yields a roadmap of successes and pitfalls that should prove useful to any systems administrators facing a similar task, regardless of the timeline within which they must work.
Finite Element Analysis

The finite element method is the most popular numerical method for solving elliptic boundary value problems. In this chapter, we introduce the concept of the finite element method, the finite element interpolation theory and its application in error estimates of finite element solutions of elliptic boundary value problems. The boundary value problems considered in this chapter are linear.
Formation of Carbon‐Carbon Bonds via π‐Allylnickel Compounds

Transition metal complexes containing a planar three-carbon ligand, the pi-allyl group was first described in 1958 with the discovery of (pi-1-methylallyl)cobalt tricarbonyl. After this discovery, many other syntheses followed. This chapter deals with synthetic organic applications of pi-allylnickel complexes. At this time, the study of this subject is in its infancy. The unifying aspect of pi-allylnickel chemistry is the ability of the allyl ligand to form new carbon-carbon bonds. Keywords: carbon-carbon bonds; pi-allylnickel compounds; discrete reagents; transient intermediates; halides; carbonylation; allylic halides; nickel carbonyl; bis(pi-allyl)nickel complexes; experimental procedures
Seasonal abundance of nonbreeding Piping Plovers on a Georgia barrier island

Although breeding populations of Piping Plovers are well studied, their winter distribution is less clear. We studied the seasonal abundance of nonbreeding Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) during the winters of 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 on Little St. Simons Island (LSSI), Georgia. Our objectives were to determine the relative abundance of individuals from three breeding populations at LSSI, and identify possible differences among populations in arrival time, winter movements, or departure time. We observed up to 100 Piping Plovers during peak migration, and approximately 40 plovers wintered at LSSI. From July 2004 to May 2005, approximately 20% of the Great Lakes breeding population used LSSI. Plovers were not present at LSSI during June. All breeding populations of Piping Plovers had similar patterns of temporal occurrence on LSSI, suggesting no need for population-specific management plans at this site. Our results suggest that LSSI is among the most important wintering sites on the Atlantic coast for Piping Plovers, especially for individuals from the endangered Great Lakes population. SINOPSIS Aunque las poblaciones reproductivas del chorlitejo picocorto (Charadrius melodus) son bien estudiadas, la distribucion invernal de esta especie es relativamente poco conocida. Estudiamos la abundancia estacional de Charadrius melodus durante los inviernos del 2003–2004 y 2004–2005 en Little St. Simons Island (LSSI) en Georgia. Nuestros objetivos fueron determinar la abundancia relativa de individuos de tres poblaciones reproductivas en LSSI e identificar las posibles diferencias entre poblaciones en fecha de llegada, movimientos durante el invierno, y fecha de salida. Observamos hasta 100 individuos de Charadrius melodus durante el pico de migracion y aproximadamente 40 individuos pasaron el invierno en LSSI. Desde Julio 2004 hasta Mayo 2005, aproximadamente 20% de la poblacion reproductiva “Great Lakes” utilizo LSSI. La especie no estuvo presente en LSSI en Junio. Todas las poblaciones reproductivas de esta especie tuvieron similares patrones temporales de ocurrencia en LSSI, cual es una posible indicacion de que este sitio no requiere de planes de manejo especificas a una poblacion. Nuestros resultados indican que LSSI es uno de los sitios mas importantes para esta especie en la costa Atlantica durante el invierno, especialmente para individuos de la poblacion “Great Lakes”, cual esta en peligro de extincion.
Trisomy 16p: a longitudinal profile and photo essay.

As more cases of complete or partial trisomy 16p are described, a clinical picture of these patients is emerging. A specific phenotype appears to be most consistent if the band 16p13.1–16p13.3 is present in triplicate. The hallmarks of this syndrome are microcephaly, a specific facial appearance with round facies, micrognathia, and small protruding auricles, and psychomotor as well as growth retardation. We report on a patient with partial trisomy 16p due to a maternally-inherited balanced translocation between chromosomes 2q and 16p and describe the change in phenotype over 21 years, as well as the level of development achieved. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Caspase-cleaved transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: Transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathies are classified based upon the extent of modified TDP-43 and include a growing number of neurodeg
Dichotomous Factor Analysis of Symptom Data

This article discusses how a factor model with continuous latent variables can be used to analyze a set of strongly skewed dichotomous items and how such a model can be used for classification of subjects. The suitability of the specification of normally distributed latent variables, as is assumed with the use of tetrachoric correlations, is investigated. Both exploratory and confirmatory analyses, including multiple groups with mean structures, are illustrated. Substantive findings include support for unidimensionality of the items used in the DSM-III diagnosis of depression and a large degree of invariance in factor structure for the Baltimore and Durham sites.
Participatory Action Research and Critical Race Theory: Fueling Spaces for Nos-otras to Research

Drawing on the intersections of a justice oriented participatory action research and critical race theory, this essay explores the possibilities for research embedded in the theoretical, ethical and methodological overlaps between the two. Using the Echoes project as a case study, a participatory collective of intentionally diverse youth from New York and New Jersey brought together in the long shadow of Brown, to document and perform educational injustice in their schools, the essay asks social scientists what it means to engage research that takes seriously the idea of mutual implication, or what Anzaldua (Borderlands/La Frontera, The New Mestiza, 1999) calls nos-otras—whereby research is designed to seek knowledge at the nexus of everyday lived experience and intricate social systems; to ask questions that allow individuals to hold multiple, even opposing, identities; to provoke analyses that requires historical re-memory; to destabilize naturalized power hierarchies. Research that calls for socially engaged questions that demand to be answered collectively through research and action.
Predicting WRAT scores from the WISC‐R for a selected sample of LD children and youth

Investigated the concurrent validity of the WISC-R 11 subtests and three IQs as related to the WRAT standard scores. Correlations were computed for a sample of 28 children (20 boys, 8 girls), aged 7-9 to 16-5 (means of 11-8), who were diagnosed learning disabled by LEA placement terms according to state and federal guidelines. Regression analysis used all three Wide Range Achievement subtests as criteria, and the 11 subtests and three IQ scale scores of the WISC-R as predictors. The results did not support the concurrent validity of the WISC-R for this sample of disabled children and youth.
Do Low-energy Cosmic-ray Electrons indicate Very Heavy Primaries?

Supernovae are the likely origin of cosmic ray nuclei. This is because beams of cosmic rays seem to contain nuclei heavier than iron in astrophysically significant quantities.
An interpretation of the cross‐phase spectrum of geomagnetic pulsations by the field line resonance theory

The cross-phase spectrum of the magnetic fields at two closely spaced stations located on the same meridian can be used to determine the field line resonance frequencies in the magnetosphere. The model of two harmonic oscillators previously proposed in the literature to interpret this technique, however, deviates from the traditional field line resonance model and it fails to interpret the cross-phase spectrum for the Z component. We show that the cross-phase spectrum can be interpreted by traditional field line resonance theory with consideration of ionospheric effects even in the presense of a continuum of non-interacting resonating field lines.
The rotational heat capacity of β-nitrogen

Abstract The heat capacity of a nitrogen-argon mixture containing 70.193 mole % nitrogen has been analyzed in order to determine the rotational heat capacity of β-nitrogen. By comparing the rotational heat capacity of nitrogen with that computed using a hindering potential V = 1 2 Vo (1-cos2θ), the barrier to rotation was determined to be 172 calories.
Cloning of a rat cDNA encoding retinal dehydrogenase isozyme type I and its expression in E. coli

Abstract Peptides sequenced from the purified rat liver cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase P1 [Posch, K.C., Burns, R.D. and Napoli, J.L., 1992. Biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid from retinal: recognition of retinal bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (type I) as substrate by a purified cytosolic dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19676–19682] were used to design oligonucleotides for cloning its cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of P1, now designated retinal dehydrogenase type I or RalDH(I), has close similarity with mouse AHD-2 and rat kidney aldehyde dehydrogenase, but is distinct from rat phenobarbital-inducible aldehyde dehydrogenase (PIADH), the presumed rat liver homolog of mouse AHD-2. Rat kidney (100%) and lung (88%) show relatively high mRNA levels of RalDH(I), liver (34%) and brain (22%) have moderate levels, and testis (8%) has low levels. Retinoid status affects RalDH(I) mRNA levels differently in different tissues. E. coli-expressed RalDH(I) exhibits allosteric kinetics for retinal with a Hill coefficient of 1.7, a K0.5 value of 1.4 μM and a Vmax of 52 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein. These data establish the cospecificity of P1 and RalDH(I), show that retinoid status affects expression of its mRNA in a tissue-dependent manner, and illustrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes with extensive homology can participate in different metabolic paths, e.g., RalDH vs. PIADH.
Deflation‐induced increases in post‐Civil War US tariffs

A consensus exists among economic historians that US tariffs, which increased dramatically during the Civil War, remained high during the remainder of the nineteenth century.' The overall level of formal (legislated) import duties at the end of the nineteenth century was probably higher than the level of formal duties immediately following the Civil War. In fact, the only reduction in formal import duties, an across-the-board i0 per cent decrease in I872, was reversed in I875; and the four major tariff acts during the last two decades of the century, which changed tariffs on certain individual commodities, left the overall level of formal protection for domestic industries probably somewhat higher.2 Despite the acknowledged importance of the tariff to the sectional strife between the industrial north and the agrarian south after the Civil War and the fact that it accorded widely different levels of real protection to domestic industries, Hawke has suggested that the literature about the US tariff has 'a distinctly antiquated appearance'.3 As a remedy, Hawke reassessed the level of post-Civil War tariff protection by estimating effective rates of protection for a number of industries for I879, i889, i899, and I904, using the US Census of Manufactures.4 He concluded that there was a smaller increase in protection than was commonly believed and that formal tariffs (in nominal terms) were only an approximate guide to effective levels of protection.5 Baack and Ray, more recently, have provided a 'long overdue re-examination of the determinants of post-Civil War tariff policy'.6 Baack and Ray's econometric results support their theoretical model in suggesting that the profit motive of special interest groups explains the structure of tariffs and subsequent levels of protection during the post-Civil War period.7 Neither of these two studies provides an estimate of the effects on tariff levels of an important characteristic of the post-Civil War economy, since neither estimates the separate effect of changes in prices on the real level of protection implicit in the level of formal duties. While Hawke's calculations
Trichinosis with Ventilatory Failure and Persistent Myocarditis

Life-threatening infections with Trichinella spiralis are rare in countries that have adopted laws requiring cooking of raw garbage fed to pigs. Thus such infections may pose a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians unfamiliar with their presentation. We report a case of imported trichinosis in a Mexican national who developed respiratory failure, myocarditis, and sinus arrest. The patient recovered uneventfully after the administration of benzimidazole and corticosteroid drugs, although a pacemaker was required to maintain normal cardiac rhythm. Symptomatic myocarditis is a rare complication of trichinosis that is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This report illustrates and reviews important features of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of trichinosis.
A comment on Heathcote, Brown, and Mewhort's QMLE method for response time distributions.

Heathcote, Brown, and Mewhort (2002) have introduced a new, robust method of estimating response time distributions. Their method may have practical advantages over conventional maximum likelihood estimation. The basic idea is that the likelihood of parameters is maximized given a few quantiles from the data. We show that Heathcote et al.’s likelihood function is not correct and provide the appropriate correction. However, although our correction stands on firmer theoretical ground than Heathcote et al.’s, it appears to yield worse parameter estimates. This result further indicates that, at least for some distributions and situations, quantile maximum likelihood estimation may have better nonasymptotic properties than a more theoretically justified approach.
ASSESSMENT OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC LATTICE BOLTZMANN SCHEMES IN TURBULENCE AND RECTANGULAR JETS

Two lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) formulations are possible to account for the effect of the magnetic field on the velocity field in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. In the body-force formulation (BFF), the magnetic field effects manifest as an external acceleration. In the extended equilibrium formulation (EEF), the effect appears through a modified equilibrium distribution function. Further, for the velocity field itself, the available choices are the single-relaxation time (SRT) and multi-relaxation time (MRT) models. Thus, for MHD-LBM, there are four possible permutations: SRT-BFF, SRT-EEF, MRT-BFF and MRT-EEF. Numerical implementation of the first three have already been presented in the literature. In this work, we, (i) develop the numerical implementation of MRT-EEF and (ii) perform an assessment of the four possible approaches. Our results indicate that the MRT-EEF is the most robust and accurate of the MHD-LBM computational schemes examined.
Preserving low cost electricity while improving the riverine environment: A case study of Ghana’s Akosombo hydro complex

This paper presents the strategy for development of a stochastic programming model of the operation and capacity additions to a large hydro/thermal electricity generation complex. The proposed model minimizes the incremental costs of operating the complex so as to return river flows to pre-dam patterns. The paper focuses on a representative year made up of wet and dry seasons far enough into the future to allow adjustment of thermal and hydro generating capacities and the initial level of the reservoir, but not the capacity of the reservoir itself. The model was run first to find the operating and investment strategies which minimize electricity costs, and then run so as to minimize cost subject to equating seasonal reservoir inflows to seasonal outflows - so called ldquorun of river, RORrdquo operation. Using data from Ghanapsilas Akosombo/Kpong complex, likely outcomes of the model are presented and compared, based on existing capacities of the system.
Adaptation of the Mallory-Azan Staining Method to the Anterior Pituitary of the Rat

A staining procedure by modification of the “Mallory-azan” method, as adapted to the anterior pituitary of the rat, is described. No claim is made that the fundamental principle of the procedure is new; but because it invariably differentiates sharply the three classical cell types it is felt that the technic should be published. Pituitaries are fixed in Zenker-formol solution, embedded in nitrocellulose and cut at 3-4 μ. Sections are affixed to the slides, prior to the staining procedure, with the aid of albumin-glycerin, and nitrocellulose is removed with oil of cloves. After the sections are properly stained with azocarmine and treated with 5% phosphotungstic acid, as a separate step, they are stained with Mallory's anilinblue-orange-G mixture.1 It was, however, found advantageous not to omit oxalic acid and to decrease considerably the amount of phosphotungstic acid given in the formula. After the staining in this solution is completed, sections are again treated with 5% phosphotungstic acid, followed...
Inseparable Insight: Reconciling Cognitivism and Formalism in Aesthetics

A thesis that is rarely stated but often assumed in art criticism and aesthetics concerns the inseparability of form and content in art. The thesis of inseparability states that (1) it is impossible to have the same content in two different forms; and (2) it is impossible to have the same form in two different contents.' Clearly, the thesis needs elucidation in terms of a plausible account of the distinction between form and content. It also needs to be considered whether the inseparability of form and content motivates a theory of art or, less ambitiously, identifies an important criterion in an account of art.2 The inseparability thesis is traditionally associated with formalism, which, as a general theory of art, has been widely condemned. Nevertheless, formalism is currently making a comeback in particular philosophies of the arts-notably, philosophy of music and philosophy of film.3 Sophisticated formalism in relation to both music and film allows for the aesthetic relevance of other features of the work besides form while recommending a structural focus for aesthetic appreciation. If the assumption that formalism is no longer relevant to our understanding of the arts involves a major oversight, then the inseparability thesis cannot be ignored just because of its traditional association with formalism. But even if one persisted in this oversight, it does not warrant ignoring the importance of the inseparability thesis for the thesis bears no necessary relation to any theory of art, including a formalist one. In what follows, I consider whether the inseparability thesis is compatible with aesthetic cognitivism, the view that art is valuable in part because it can give us nontrivial knowledge. Ultimately, I argue that the two are compatible because there are ways of learning from art that depend on the inseparability of form and content. Given the long and tangled history of the debate over the possibility and value of learning from art, it is supremely important to recognize, finally, such compatibility. Against defenders of aesthetic cognitivism, skeptics and critics have regularly resorted to brandishing the inseparability thesis, defiantly claiming that you cannot expect to learn about the world from art if you cannot "get to" a work's content unaffected by style and medium. Here the assumption is that the kind of aesthetic transformation
Influence of varying protein and diethylstilbestrol on live performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers.

Abstract Thirty-two Holstein steers were used in a factorial treatment to study the effects of protein levels and diethylstilbestrol implants on daily gain, feed efficiency (feed per kg gain), and carcass characteristics. Four nutritional regimes and two diethylstilbestrol levels were tested. Complete rations were fed individually and contained from 10 to 18% crude protein and constant productive net energy. One-half of the steers each received a total of 54 mg diethylstilbestrol implanted at rates of 12, 18 and 24 mg at live weights of 114, 250 and 365 kg. The other 16 steers were not implanted. Starting and terminal weights averaged approximately 114 and 500 kg. Daily gain and feed efficiency data indicated that Holstein steers required rations containing more than 11% crude protein with diethylstilbestrol for maximum performance. There were no main treatment effects among measures of carcass characteristics. However, backfat thickness and marbling scores showed significant ration × implant interactions. These interactions suggested a depression of backfat thickness and marbling scores for implanted compared with nonimplanted steers on rations in excess of 14% crude protein. The reverse was true for steers on rations that contained 14% crude protein or less.
A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology.

In an effort to better understand the dramatic differences in vegetative and floral morphology that differentiate species within the genus Lycopersicon, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaflet and perianth size and shape characters were mapped in an interspecific F2 population of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum × L. pennellii). Thirty-six highly significant (P≤0.001) QTL were associated with 18 separate traits. QTL for correlated traits were generally not colocalized in the genome unless there was a clear codependence between the traits (e.g., organ length and area). Little or no overlap in QTL positioning between different organs was observed, suggesting that the genes determining the size and shape of leaflets, sepals, and petals are organ specific. Thus, while leaves are considered the developmental and evolutionary precursors to floral organs, genes acting late in development to determine certain aspects of morphology (namely shape and size) must have specialized to exert control over individual organs. Five of the leaflet-trait QTL map to analogous regions in the genome of eggplant, and therefore it appears there has been some conservation in the genes controlling leaf morphology within the Solanaceae.
A STUDY OF EFFICIENCY LIMITING DEFECTS IN POLYCRYSTALLINE CdTe/CdS SOLAR CELLS

Efficiency limiting mechanisms associated with CdS substrates, CdCl2 treated CdTe films, and Cu/Au contacts were investigated. It was found that heat treatment of CdS in hydrogen ambient prior to CdTe deposition removed the oxygen related defects from the CdS films, but created Cd deficient CdS surface, resulting in an optimum temperature of 450°C. Growth of CdTe films on the CdS under Te-rich conditions enhanced the interdiffusion between CdTe and CdS and reduced the CdTe bandgap to 1.47eV, whereas, growth of CdTe films under Cd-rich conditions retained the CdTe bandgap at 1.5 eV. CdCl2 treatment on CdTe improved the cell performance significantly by virtue of grain growth, reduced leakage current, and change in carrier transport mechanism. However, it also produced defects at Eν + 0.64 and Eν + 0.17 eV due to VCd-Cl complexes. An inverse correlation was found between the density of these defects and V ∞ Finally, a rapid initial degradation was observed in the higher efficiency (10-12%) CdTe cells with C...