cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A statistical approach for Non-Sentential Utterance Resolution for Interactive QA System

Non-Sentential Utterances (NSUs) are short utterances that do not have the form of a full sentence but nevertheless convey a complete sentential meaning in the context of a conversation. NSUs are frequently used to ask follow up questions during interactions with question answer (QA) systems resulting into in-correct answers being presented to their users. Most of the current methods for resolving such NSUs have adopted rule or grammar based approach and have limited applicability. In this paper, we present a data driven statistical method for resolving such NSUs. Our method is based on the observation that humans identify keyword appearing in an NSU and place them in the context of conversation to construct a meaningful sentence. We adapt the keyword to question (K2Q) framework to generate natural language questions using keywords appearing in an NSU and its context. The resulting questions are ranked using different scoring methods in a statistical framework. Our evaluation on a data-set collected using mTurk shows that the proposed method perform significantly better than the previous work that has largely been rule based.
Intimacy: Health Status and Social Change

Intimacy1) and sexual actiyity are two of several human needs and drives that can be considered separately or together. There are individual differences in intensity and persistence of such drives that fluctuate and change throughout the life span. The drives are influenced by biological development, age, disease and disability, and the physical-social environment.
Ultrasound-Guided Occipital Stimulation

Occipital neurostimulation (ONS) or greater occipital nerve (GON) stimulation offers the potential for a minimally invasive, low-risk, and reversible approach to manage intractable headache disorders. It has been used successfully in the treatment of occipital neuralgia, migraine, cluster headache, and other headache disorders [1–3].
A review of effects of carbon dioxide on microbial growth and food quality

Carbon dioxide is effective for extending the shelf-life of perishable foods by retarding bacterial growth. The overall effect of carbon dioxide is to increase both the lag phase and the generation time of spoilage microorganisms; however, the specific mechanism for the bacteriostatic effect is not known. Displacement of oxygen and intracellular acidification were possible mechanisms that were proposed, then discounted, by early researchers. Rapid cellular penetration and alteration of cell permeability characteristics have also been reported, but their relation to the overall mechanism is not clear. Several researchers have proposed that carbon dioxide may first be solubilized into the liquid phase of the treated tissue to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), and investigations by the authors tend to confirm this step, as well as to indicate the possible direct use of carbonic acid for retarding bacterial spoilage. Most recently, a metabolic mechanism has been studied by a number of researchers whereby carbon dioxide in the cell has negative effects on various enzymatic and biochemical pathways. The combined effect of these metabolic interferences are thought to constitute a stress on the system, and result in a slowing of the growth rate. The degree to which carbon dioxide is effective generally increases with concentration, but high levels raise the possibility of establishing conditions where pathogenic organisms such as Clostridium botulinum may survive. It is thought that such risks can be minimized with proper sanitation and temperature control, and that the commercial development of food packaging systems employing carbon dioxide will increase in the coming years.
Leadership and Bureaucratic Tendency Measures as Predictors of Freshman Dropouts from Afrotc

In a previous study, Bronzo (1967) found that 89 dropouts and 9 4 nondropouts from the AFROTC differed significantly ( p < ,001) on the DC-B test measuring Bureaucratic Tendency1 and the Leadership scale of the Survey of Interpersonal Values (Gordon, 1960). All of the 183 Ss were from a Catholic liberal arts college whose base rate for voluntary withdrawal from the AFROTC was approximately 50%. Since the early identification of such dropouts is of interest to military personnel and school administrators and since the freshman year is the critical period during which most students voluntarily withdraw from the program, the current study was a cross-validation of the preliminary investigation using only an independent sample of freshman AFROTC cadets as Ss. These students were administered the DC-B Bureaucratic Tendency Scale and the Survey of Interpersonal Values upon entering school in September, 1966. Excluding those cadets who were dropped from the program because of medical or academic reasons, 1 4 of the other 6 3 students, o r 2276, had voluntarily withdrawn by the end of June, 1967. Each S, regardless of his status, was then classified on the basis of these test scores. Those individuals, whose Leadership scores were lower than the group mean scores from the previous study (Bronzo, 1 9 6 7 ) , were identified as "predicted dropouts" while the remaining cases were identified as "predicted nondropouts." When the predicted and actual classifications were compared for each of the two scales, 10 dropouts and 36 nondropouts, or 73% of the group, were correctly classified. Since, on the basis of the cumulative binomial distribution with p = .TO and N = 63, the probability of correctly classifying 4 6 or more students by chance alone is less than .001, it seems that each of these scales may be a promising method of identifying voluntary withdrawal of freshman AFROTC cadets. Also, since 1 3 of the 17 misclassified cadets were those who remained in the program but were predicted to leave, some of them could become dropouts after their freshman year. Thus, the present outcome presents a conservative estimate of the predictive value of the tests. The findings of the previous studies of validation and reliability (Bronzo, 1967; Gordon, 1960) are further supported by present evidence.
Afterwar: Healing the Moral Wounds of Our Soldiers

Prologue Chapter 1 REBORN BUT DEAD Chapter 2 DON'T JUST TELL ME THANK YOU Chapter 3 THEY'RE MY BABY BIRDS Chapter 4 RECOVERING LOST GOODNESS Chapter 5 REBUILDING TRUST Chapter 6 FINDING HOPE AFTER WAR Chapter 7 HOMECOMING Afterwords WHERE THEY ARE NOW Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Credits Index
Appendix II: Tests of Creativity

I. Biographical Inventories II. Personality III. Rating Instruments and Socially Valid Measures IV. Styles V. Divergent Thinking and Problem Solving VI. Work and Educational Environment VII. Competencies VIII. Aesthetic Sensitivity IX. Projective and Perception Measures X. Preferences and Attitudes XI. Criterion Measures XII. Activity Checklists XIII. Creative Products XIV. Domain-Specific Measures
Tuning the excited state properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with a 4-substituted pyridine ligand

Abstract A series of complexes of the type [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(4-R-py)] 2+ , where tpy = 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, and 4-R-py = pyridine (py, 1 ), 4-methoxypyridine (4-CH 3 O-py, 2 ), 4-aminopyridine (4-NH 2 -py, 3 ), 4-acetylpyridine (4-Ac-py, 4 ) and 4-trifluoromethylpyridine (4-CF 3 -py, 5 ), were synthesized and the effect of the pyridine substitution on the ground and excited state properties was examined. Cyclic voltammetry shows that an electron-donating substituent on the pyridine ligand results in complexes that are more easily oxidized, as is the case in 2 and 3 , whereas the electron-withdrawing substituents on the pyridine in 4 and 5 result in more positive oxidation potential. The electronic absorption spectra of 2 and 3 feature a detectable red shift of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( 1 MLCT) as compared to 1 . Additionally, the 1 MLCT maxima of 4 and 5 are blue shifted relative to 1 . Complexes 1 – 3 exhibit phosphorescence with luminescence quantum yields of 2.0 × 10 –4 , 4.3 × 10 –4 , and 3.1 × 10 –4 , respectively. The emission quantum yields of 4 and 5 are approximately an order of magnitude lower, 5 × 10 –5 and 4 × 10 –5 . Upon irradiation in CH 3 CN ( λ irr ⩾ 395 nm) all five complexes undergo photoinduced ligand exchange with the solvent to form [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(CH 3 CN)] 2+ . This process is completed more rapidly in 4 (30 min) and 5 (10 min) as compared to 1 (90 min), 2 (240 min) and 3 (>24 h). Theoretical calculations show that the electron-donating groups increase the energy difference between the ligand field state (LF) and MLCT while the electron-withdrawing groups decrease this value, giving rise to the different excited state properties. These findings demonstrate the synthetic tuning of the series of complexes, which can be useful to vary the photochemistry.
Donor γδ T Lymphocytes Promote Allogeneic Engraftment Across the Major Histocompatibility Barrier in Mice

T cells that express the alpha beta T-cell receptor are thought to be the T-cell population primarily responsible for facilitating alloengraftment. The role of gamma delta + T cells that comprise only a minority of mature T cells in promoting allogeneic engraftment, however, has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma delta T cells were capable of facilitating alloengraftment in murine recipients of major histocompatibility complex-mismatched marrow grafts. We developed a model where engraftment of C57BL/6 x 129/F2(H-2b) marrow in sublethally irradiated (800 cGy) recipients (AKR/J, H-2k) is dependent on the presence of mature donor T cells in the marrow graft. In this model, donor T-cell engraftment was significantly augmented by as few as 1 x 10(5) alpha beta T cells. The role of gamma delta T cells was then investigated using transgenic donors (C57BL/6 x 129 background) in which a portion of the T-cell receptor-beta chain gene was deleted by gene targeting so that these mice lack alpha beta T cells. Addition of 10 x 10(5) naive gamma delta T cells to T-cell depleted marrow grafts was required to significantly increase alloengraftment, although donor T cells averaged or = 160 x 10(6) activated gamma delta T cells was necessary to consistently and significantly augment donor cell chimerism and enhance hematopoietic reconstitution when compared to control mice, but host T cells persisted in these chimeras. Addition of 2.5 x 10(4) mature alpha beta T cells, which alone were incapable of facilitating engraftment, to T-cell depleted marrow grafts containing 160 x 10(6) activated gamma delta T cells resulted in long-term (> 100 day) complete donor engraftment, indicating that limiting numbers of alpha beta T cells were required in the marrow graft for the eradication of residual host T cells. Using serial weight curves and B-cell reconstitution as end points, clinically significant graft-versus-host disease was not observed in these chimeras under these experimental conditions. These data show that, whereas less potent than alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells are able to promote engraftment and enhance hematopoietic reconstitution in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients.
Contraceptive properties of endotoxin in rabbits.

Endotoxin derived from Salmonella enteritidis-Boivin at a dose of 20 μg/kg intravenously interfered with follicular rupture normally induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in rabbits. This action was greatest when the endotoxin was given 5 to 6 hours after the administration of hCG. The failure of follicular rupture resulted in entrapment of ova. Endotoxin (5 μg/kg) given intravenously to rabbits on day 4 of pregnancy resulted in failure of implantation. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg) given intramuscularly concomitantly was unable to reverse this action. Endotoxin (5 μg/kg) given intravenously to rabbits on day 8 of pregnancy had an immediate lethal action on embryonic development, and this effect was inhibited by concomitant indomethacin treatment. Nevertheless, most fetuses died after the indomethacin treatment. Whether this was due to a direct toxic action of indomethacin or to a secondary action of endotoxin not blocked by indomethacin is not clear. Endotoxin did not exert its antifertility actions through a luteolytic mechanism.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Abdominal and Pelvic Pain in Pregnancy

Acute abdominal and pelvic pain in the pregnant patient poses many clinical challenges and often requires imaging for accurate diagnosis. Differential diagnostic considerations include gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, renal, and gynecologic/obstetric conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may reliably distinguish between causes for pain without the need for intravenous contrast administration or ionizing radiation. It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with a basic MRI protocol for imaging the pregnant patient presenting with acute abdominal and pelvic pain and to be familiar with the vast differential diagnoses and their associated imaging findings.
Genetic differences in 2-acetylaminofluorene mutagenicity in vitro associated with mouse hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity induced by polycyclic aromatic compounds.

The genetically mediated difference in aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible hepatic aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[ a ]pyrene) hydroxylase activity is associated with the metabolic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene to a mutagen in vitro by liver fractions. With the use of"responsive" C57BL/6N and "nonresponsive" DBA/2N inbred strains and offspring from the appropriate crosses, the aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible hydroxylase activity appears to be expressed as an autosomal dominant trait, whereas 2-acetylaminofluorene mutagenicity in vitro appears to be expressed additively. With N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene added in vitro , no metabolic activation is necessary for mutagenesis to occur; however, mutagenicity is enhanced 20-40-fold in the presence of liver fractions. The metabolic activation of N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to a frameshift mutagen in vitro is not associated with the genetically mediated difference in aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness. We therefore suggest that the rate-limiting step of 2-acetylaminofluorene mutagenesis is its activation by cytochrome P1450 to the N -hydroxy derivative, which is metabolized further to a much more mutagenic intermediate by a reaction independent of cytochrome P1450-possibly a deacetylation reaction. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We appreciate very much the expert technical assistance of Roy C. Levitt.
History and Civic Education in the Rainbow Nation

In 1966, the United Nations proclaimed March 21 the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to commemorate the events of March 21, 1960, when South African police opened fire and killed 69 people at a peaceful demonstration against the apartheid “pass laws” in Sharpeville (an apartheid era “African” designated township community).
The Importance of Incentives and Grants for Green Buildings

The aim of this manuscript is to reconsider the building lifecycle cost of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) buildings certified within the higher education sector. It adds to the work put forth in a previous study published by the author and focuses on the importance of incentives and grants as this type of building cost reduction can be extremely beneficial. In the previously published manuscript, the cost of green was examined from a full building lifecycle, but without the inclusion of incentives/grants. In this manuscript, 15 institutions of higher education (IHEs) were surveyed with the findings focused on the upfront green premium after incentives/grants and down the line energy savings. The net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period were calculated to determine the financial feasibility of LEED certified buildings within the higher education sector after incentives/grants. These findings were then compared to the above-mentioned prior study which did not take into account upfront incentives and grants. The findings of this study indicate that incentives and grants are instrumental in decreasing upfront green premiums and increasing the financial feasibility for the full building lifecycle.
"National Culture, Organizational Culture, and Purposeful Diversity and Inclusion Strategy"

The effect of national culture on organizational culture has long been debated by scholars. Institutional theory scholars argue for a strong effect of national culture on organizational culture thr...
Word Sense Disambiguation for Ontology Learning

Ontology learning aims to automatically extract ontological concepts and relationships from related text repositories and is expected to be more efficient and scalable than manual ontology development. One of the challenging issues associated with ontology learning is word sense disambiguation (WSD). Most WSD research employs resources such as WordNet, text corpora, or a hybrid approach. Motivated by the large volume and richness of user-generated content in social media, this research explores the role of social media in ontology learning. Specifically, our approach exploits social media as a dynamic context rich data source for WSD. This paper presents a method and preliminary evidence for the efficacy of our proposed method for WSD. The research is in progress toward conducting a formal evaluation of the social media based method for WSD, and plans to incorporate the WSD routine into an ontology learning system in the future.
A novel high-affinity inhibitor against the human ATP-sensitive Kir6.2 channel.

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive (K ATP ) channels in pancreatic β cells couple the blood glucose level to insulin secretion. K ATP channels in pancreatic β cells comprise the pore-forming Kir6.2 and the modulatory sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunits. Currently, there is no high-affinity and relatively specific inhibitor for the Kir6.2 pore. The importance of developing such inhibitors is twofold. First, in many cases, the lack of such an inhibitor precludes an unambiguous determination of the Kir6.29s role in certain physiological and pathological processes. This problem is exacerbated because Kir6.2 knockout mice do not yield the expected phenotypes of hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, which in part, may reflect developmental adaptation. Second, mutations in Kir6.2 or SUR1 that increase the K ATP current cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Many patients who have PNDM have been successfully treated with sulphonylureas, a common class of antidiabetic drugs that bind to SUR1 and indirectly inhibit Kir6.2, thereby promoting insulin secretion. However, some PNDM-causing mutations render K ATP channels insensitive to sulphonylureas. Conceptually, because these mutations are located intracellularly, an inhibitor blocking the Kir6.2 pore from the extracellular side might provide another approach to this problem. Here, by screening the venoms from >200 animals against human Kir6.2 coexpressed with SUR1, we discovered a small protein of 54 residues (SpTx-1) that inhibits the K ATP channel from the extracellular side. It inhibits the channel with a dissociation constant value of 15 nM in a relatively specific manner and with an apparent one-to-one stoichiometry. SpTx-1 evidently inhibits the channel by primarily targeting Kir6.2 rather than SUR1; it inhibits not only wild-type Kir6.2 coexpressed with SUR1 but also a Kir6.2 mutant expressed without SUR1. Importantly, SpTx-1 suppresses both sulfonylurea-sensitive and -insensitive, PNDM-causing Kir6.2 mutants. Thus, it will be a valuable tool to investigate the channel9s physiological and biophysical properties and to test a new strategy for treating sulfonylurea-resistant PNDM.
Cone Arrestin Expression and Induction in Retinoblastoma Cells

Arrestins are regulatory proteins that down-regulate phosphorylated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The arrestin superfamily includes visual arrestins, beta-arrestins (βarrestins) and insect chemosensory arrestins. Two members of visual arrestins have been identified in vertebrate photoreceptors: rod arrestin (also known as S-antigen or Arrestin 1) and cone arrestin (X-arrestin or Arresting. Rod arrestin was the first member to be molecularly characterized,1 and its structure and function have been extensively studied in recent years. In vertebrate rod photoreceptors, rod arrestin quenches the light-induced phototransduction cascade by binding preferentially to the light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin.2,3 Subsequently, βarrestinl4 and βarrestin25 were identified and shown to have a ubiquitous expression pattern. βarrestins have an analogous function to rod arrestin in the termination of GPCR signaling by sterically inhibiting the coupling of phosphorylated receptors to their respective G proteins.4, 5 Recent evidence suggests additional roles for βarrestins in both termination of receptor signaling and signaling to downstream effectors by interacting with clathrin-coated pits and the tyrosine kinase c-Src.6-11
An Offensive Weapon?: An Empirical Analysis of the 'Sword' of State Sovereign Immunity in State-Owned Patents

In 1999, the Supreme Court invoked state sovereign immunity to strike down provisions in the patent and trademark laws purporting to hold states liable for the infringement of these intellectual properties. These decisions ignited a series of criticisms, including allegations that sovereign immunity gives states an unfair advantage in the exercise of state-owned patent rights. In particular, critics alleged two unfair advantages to state patentees. First, they alleged that states would favorably manipulate litigation. Second, they alleged that states would use their immunity from challenge to obtain broad patents or force private parties into licensing arrangements. An empirical study focusing on a sample of private and public universities, however, indicates that these allegations may not be completely true. State universities, as patentees, do not appear to be more successful litigants than their private counterparts. Similarly, state universities do not appear to be aggressively collecting weak patents. Nonetheless, there is empirical evidence indicating that state universities are increasingly aggressive licensors of their patents. Critics of state sovereign immunity suggest that such aggressive licensing practices force private parties to choose between ruinous damages suits and expensive license agreements, thereby raising the overall cost of innovation. In order to resolve this problem, both market and legal solutions have been suggested. A survey of these solutions reveals that a new legislative rule requiring states to opt in to the federal patent system by waiving their immunity to declaratory judgment actions is most likely to adequately resolve the problems created by aggressive state patent licensing.
Reduction of Acetals, Azaacetals and Thioacetals to Ethers

Acetals and ketals are passive under neutral and basic conditions; the ether groups resist alkylation and acylation, and the masked carbonyl group is protected against attack by nucleophiles and against enolization by bases,1 although nearby unsaturation may open the system to reaction. When, however, one of the oxygen atoms acquires a Lewis or protic acid as a ligand it becomes a better leaving group, and the carbonyl carbon atom can suffer SN2 and, especially, SN1 reactions. These reactions can be highly regio- and stereo-selective when the two oxygen atoms are in different chemical environments. Neither the ‘anomeric effect’,2 which is so important in setting the ground state conformation, nor the ‘stereoelectronic effect’,3 which has come under serious attack,4 have an overriding effect, but differences in the stability of the two possible oxocarbonium ions clearly do.
Tools for Design and Prototyping

This chapter presented design entry, simulation and prototyping with tools that are provided by Altera for this purpose. We showed how an HDL simulator can be used for pre-synthesis simulation and then porting the tested design to Quartus II for synthesis and device programming. We also showed how a complete design can be directly entered into Quartus II for synthesis, post-synthesis simulation, timing analysis, and device programming. The design used here was a simple one; in the chapters that follow we will show implementation of more complex designs by running them through the design flow illustrated in this chapter.
Adverse Selection and the Timing of Equity Issues

We extend the classic static adverse selection models of equity issue (e.g. Myers and Majluf (1984)) to a dynamic context. Assets in place are the sum of a private value component known only by management and a time--varying, stochastic public information component. Firms can develop a positive NPV project that requires external funding. Firms choose whether and when to issue equity to finance the project. Static models predict that low quality firms issue equity, while high quality firms abandon the investment. Introducing the option to defer investment radically alters this prediction. Low quality firms pool with higher quality firms and defer investment, hoping to receive higher future share prices: The set of firm types that issue in the first period is connected, but may not include the lowest quality firms. Multiple equilibria may exist, including a bad equilibrium in which all firm types defer.
Structure and Thermodynamics of Interfaces

When two phases are in equilibrium, the density and chemical composition of each remains uniform up to the interface. Within the interface the thermodynamic densities are not uniform, but rather vary continuously from the values they have in one of the bulk phases to the values they have in the other. In Figure 1 we see a hypothetical profile of the density p as a function of the distance z perpendicular to the interface, in liquid-vapor equilibrium. Such profiles constitute what we may call the structure of the interface. We wish to determine this structure theoreticfally, and also the interfacial tension, and to relate the latter to the former.
Combining vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors to prime, expand, and facilitate effective tumor immunotherapy

Introduction: Multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that modulate immune cells in the periphery and the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been approved, as have the therapeutic cancer vaccin...
Cooperative Metabolic Adaptations in the Host Can Favor Asymptomatic Infection and Select for Attenuated Virulence in an Enteric Pathogen.

Pathogen virulence exists on a continuum. The strategies that drive symptomatic or asymptomatic infections remain largely unknown. We took advantage of the concept of lethal dose 50 (LD50) to ask which component of individual non-genetic variation between hosts defines whether they survive or succumb to infection. Using the enteric pathogen Citrobacter, we found no difference in pathogen burdens between healthy and symptomatic populations. Iron metabolism-related genes were induced in asymptomatic hosts compared to symptomatic or naive mice. Dietary iron conferred complete protection without influencing pathogen burdens, even at 1000× the lethal dose of Citrobacter. Dietary iron induced insulin resistance, increasing glucose levels in the intestine that were necessary and sufficient to suppress pathogen virulence. A short course of dietary iron drove the selection of attenuated Citrobacter strains that can transmit and asymptomatically colonize naive hosts, demonstrating that environmental factors and cooperative metabolic strategies can drive conversion of pathogens toward commensalism.
Coupled Model of Blood Volume and Activated Clotting Factor Concentration during Childbirth.

Abstract Obstetric patients show an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Modeling the changes that occur during and after delivery may help determine which patients will develop VTE and when they might be likely to develop this dangerous complication after delivery Combining a model of blood volume changes with a model of activated clotting factor concentrations, which are both affected during delivery can identify scenarios that may lead to an increased risk of developing clots in the venous vascular space. This Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model recapitulates known phenomena including an elevated coagulation response during delivery and hemorrhage leading to increased clotting factor concentration in the vascular space. The simulation from normal activation without hemorrhage results in a spike in clotting factors in the vascular space to reestablish hemostasis after delivery. With twice the activation rate, simulations show elevated and extended duration of activated clotting factor presence in the vascular space. With response to a hemorrhage with normal activation, the resulting elevation and duration is further increased. This model, when tailored to individual patients, could lead to the development of a VTE risk assessment tool for clinicians to help mitigate and reduce an individual’s risk of developing this deadly complication.
Big Data Security in Cloud Environment

Big data conventionally coins large volume of data that continuously increases in a real-time basis and difficult to store, retrieve, and process in traditional database techniques. But it is necessary to know that big data is unstructured and does not follow the conventional storage retrieval methods. The challenges are to store in a cloud, process, and develop meaningful form so that it is useful to the businesses, government, and customers. This paper discusses the current challenges to store, retrieve, process, and implement security requirements, and possible solutions. We further provide the security model in a dynamic cloud environment to store, process and retrieve the data.
Impact of the extent of resection on primary breast angiosarcoma survival.

521Background: The widely accepted standard of care in treating primary breast angiosarcoma involves surgical resection, often followed by adjuvant therapy (radiation and/or chemotherapy). The rari...
Advocates or adversaries? Explicating within-border foreign publics’ role in shaping soft power through megaphoning and echoing

This study presents an empirical test and a conceptual account of the role of within-border foreign publics (WBFPs) as important communicative influencers, explicating how shared experiences shape the ideas and opinions of a foreign country. The study focuses on two communicative concepts, megaphoning and echoing, and finds they explicate network impacts of sociological public diplomacy. The information megaphoned by the WBFP (e.g., international students) is echoed in their relational networks back home. The findings provide evidence that the megaphoning behaviors of WBFPs are significantly related to the directionality and magnitude of echoing among their social networks in their home countries.
Improving Pest Bird Detection in a Vineyard Environment using Super-Resolution and Deep Learning

Abstract Pest bird detection, classification, and recognition in vineyard environment are challenging because of their varying shapes, small size, movement, and outdoor environment. Motion is often used to detect flying birds in outdoor environment from video sequences. However, motion detection is sensitive to noise as well as background movement of leaves and give rise to false detection. The high-quality image resolution is desired for performance improvement in pattern recognition and analysis. This work presents the integration of super-resolution technology to enhance quality of small moving objects which were later on classified as birds or false positives using deep learning. Implementation of the super-resolution enhanced the image resolution which offers high pixel density and more details about the scene. With the implementation of super-resolution, the CNN-based classifier received enhanced feature information to perform more informed decision in classifying birds. The classification accuracy shows a significant rise from 70% to more than 90% after resolution enhancement. Results also show that the model trained with combined varying spatial resolution for the same set of images performs almost equally over any spatial resolution.
Complexes and compensation in degenerately donor doped GaN

Gallium nitride is an increasingly technologically relevant material system. While donor doping GaN to low and intermediate dopant concentrations using silicon and germanium has become routine, compensation mechanisms activate under very high donor doping, limiting the maximum electron concentration achievable with either dopant in the degenerate doping regime. This effect, and how it differs between the two dopants, is investigated by hybrid functional density functional theory calculations and grand canonical thermodynamics models and is found to be due to the onset of multi-member Ga vacancy-donor substitutional complexes under degenerate doping conditions. The differing energetics of Ge- and Si-related complexes leads to different responses, ultimately making Ge the more effective donor in degenerate conditions.
Media Slants and Entrepreneurship

The ways in which media news is slanted can shape beliefs about the economy, thereby affecting the decision to start a new business. Using exogenous variation in the introduction of Fox News Channel across US counties, I find that increased exposure to a pro-Republican slant during a Republican administration is positively associated with new firm creation. This effect is more pronounced among less-educated entrepreneurs, who rely relatively more on the media to form their economic expectations. I further find that the newly created firms are of lower quality, as evidenced by lower survival rates, more job losses, and higher small business loan default rates.
Metallographic Feature of a Nickel-Based Superalloy in Fluoride Electrolyte Melt

Application of a long life and low-cost metallic electrode in salt bath heat treatment, all-electric glass smelters, and primary aluminum production has potential advantages, including great energy saving, significant environmental benefits, adequate electric conductivity, high fracture toughness, excellent thermal shock resistance, and ease of fabrication into complex shapes. Nickel-based alloys have been used in a wide variety of severe operating conditions involving corrosive environment, elevated temperature, high stress, and their combinations. To estimate the feasibility of nickel-based superalloy used as an electrode material, the erosion rate of an Inco nickel-based superalloy in a standard fluoride electrolyte melt was investigated. The diffusion speeds of the metals are in a sequence of Cr > Ni > Fe > Mo. The maximum erosion rate of the superalloy in the fluoride at 1000 ℃ is approximately 27 μ per hour in a three hours period.
Successful Combined Heart-Kidney Transplants Using Donors with Acute Kidney Injury: 15 Year Single-Institution Experience

Purpose In patients with NYHA Class IV heart failure, renal disease may limit candidacy for heart transplantation. Combined heart-kidney transplantation has been effective in patients with multi-organ failure, thereby improving long-term cardiac graft function and overall patient survival. Donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) may limit available organs for transplantation. We aimed to report our experience using donor kidneys with AKI in combined heart-kidney transplantation. Methods From 2005-2020, a single institutional retrospective chart review of patients undergoing combined heart-kidney transplants was performed. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was done using a two-sample T-test and comparison of means test. Results were stratified by age, sex, post-operative length of stay (LOS), episodes of rejection, post-operative CRRT, post-operative delay in renal graft function, and cardiac function. Results 35 patients received combined heart-kidney transplants. Average age was 59.37 years. Average follow-up was 50.58 months. In our patient pool, 77.2% were male and 22.8% were female. 5 patients received kidneys from donors who had AKI, of which 1 had delayed graft function (20%). 14 patients who received donor kidneys without AKI had delayed graft function (43.3%) (p=0.88). Average LOS was not statistically different. Current eGFR was not statistically different. 3 patient deaths were not related to graft rejection. See Table 1. Conclusion This study demonstrates that combined heart-kidney transplantation can be done safely and effectively using donor kidneys with AKI. Our analysis shows no difference in post-operative delayed graft function of the kidney with AKI, LOS, and renal/cardiac function. Although our experience suggests safe use of donor kidneys with AKI, larger studies are necessary to define the short and long-term outcomes of combined heart-kidney transplantation with AKI donors.
Glycosylation Profiling of Glycoproteins Secreted from Cultured Cells Using Glycan Node Analysis and GC-MS.

Glycan "node" analysis is the process by which pooled glycans within complex biological samples are chemically deconstructed in a way that facilitates the analytical quantification of uniquely linked monosaccharide units (glycan "nodes"). It is based on glycan methylation analysis (a.k.a. linkage analysis) that has historically been applied to pre-isolated glycans. Thus, when using glycan node analysis, unique glycan features within whole biospecimens such as "core fucosylation," "α2-6 sialylation," "β1-6 branching," "β1-4 branching," and "bisecting GlcNAc," are captured as single analytical signals by GC-MS. Here we describe the use of this methodology in cell culture supernatant and in the analysis of IgG (alpha-1 antitrypsin) glycans. The effect of IL-6 and IL-1β cytokines on secreted hepatocyte protein glycan features is demonstrated; likewise, the impact of neuraminidase treatment of IgG is illustrated. For the majority of glycan nodes, the assay is consistent and reproducible on a day-to-day basis; because of this, relatively subtle shifts in the relative abundance of glycan features can be captured using this approach.
High-Resolution In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Studies of Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3 : New Symmetry Assignments and Structural Phase Transitions.

Perovskite photovoltaic ABX3 systems are being studied due to their high energy-conversion efficiencies with current emphasis placed on pure inorganic systems. In this work, synchrotron single-crystal diffraction measurements combined with second harmonic generation measurements reveal the absence of inversion symmetry below room temperature in CsPbBr3 . Local structural analysis by pair distribution function and X-ray absorption fine structure methods are performed to ascertain the local ordering, atomic pair correlations, and phase evolution in a broad range of temperatures. The currently accepted space group assignments for CsPbBr3 are found to be incorrect in a manner that profoundly impacts physical properties. New assignments are obtained for the bulk structure: I m 3 ¯ (above ≈410 K), P21 /m (between ≈300 K and ≈410 K), and the polar group Pm (below ≈300 K), respectively. The newly observed structural distortions exist in the bulk structure consistent with the expectation of previous photoluminescence and Raman measurements. High-pressure measurements reveal multiple low-pressure phases, one of which exists as a metastable phase at ambient pressure. This work should help guide research in the perovskite photovoltaic community to better control the structure under operational conditions and further improve transport and optical properties.
Advances in Modeling Coal Pyrolysis, Char Combustion, and Soot Formation from Coal and Biomass Tar

Simulations of pulverized coal boilers and gasifiers have become easier and more complex as computational resources become more available. The improvements in simulations have generally focused on the fluid dynamics and grid resolution, with marginal improvements in treatments of the fundamental coal reactions. In this work, suggestions are made in several areas to improve boiler and gasifier simulations with only relatively small impacts on computational time. New correlations are presented for the elemental composition of coal char and tar as a function of parent coal characteristics, temperature, and heating rate. The importance and correlation of char oxidation effects are discussed. A new generalized model for soot formation, oxidation, and gasification is also discussed.
Dance Behaviour of Successful Foragers of the African Honeybee, Apis Mellifera Scutellata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

SummaryVibration dance behaviour was monitored for foragers of the African honeybee in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. Approximately 50% of successful foragers performed vibration dances within 5 min of entering the hive. Also, 30–40% of the foragers observed within a colony at any given time were vibrators. Since the vibration dance may enhance recruitment, vibrating foragers may play an important role in the regulation of foraging activity in African colonies.A new dance behaviour, the ‘buzz dance’, is described for African honeybees. While the function of the buzz dance was not determined, it was performed by successful foragers, frequently in conjunction with vibration and waggle dances. The buzz dance may therefore be associated with recruitment.
Reflections On Culture In Med-Arb

This chapter challenges preconceptions about the role that culture may play in the success or failure of med-arb in international commercial arbitration and examines how arbitration laws might be adjusted to better accommodate med-arb. Med-arb is widely defined in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) literature. ADR is a user-driven system of dispute resolution that is intimately linked to the demands of the users of the system. The chapter begins by designating as med-arb any dispute that may potentially be arbitrated but that may also be subject to mediation before, during, or after the arbitration. A more useful approach when considering whether to pursue med-arb is to embark on a fact intensive investigation into the cultural attitudes of the specific litigant and its counsel, and to consider other practical issues such as the enforceability of a med-arb outcome in the national jurisdiction in which assets are located.Keywords: alternative dispute resolution (ADR); arbitration laws; culture; international commercial arbitration; med-arb
Zustand der Materie unter sehr hohen Drücken und Temperaturen

The state of matter is discussed for pressures up to 1017 atm and temperatures up to about 108 °K. At sufficiently high pressures the Thomas-Fermi statistical theory of the atom may be used as already mentioned by other authors. The original theory is generalized and extended to higher temperatures. The numerical results for a wide range of pressures and temperatures are listed in tables and may be used for evaluation of the thermodynamic functions of matter with arbitrary atomic number. This procedure is demonstrated in the special cases of argon and hydrogen. The computed data are compared with those resulting from the Saha equation in order to estimate the limits of the classical plasma theory at high pressures.
Comprehensive system-level thermal modeling of all-electric ships: Integration of SMCS and vemESRDC

In this paper, we present the integration effort of two complementary thermal simulation tools: vemESRDC and System-level design of Marine Cooling Systems (SMCS), developed at Florida State University Center for Advanced Power Systems and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant, respectively. We integrated these tools into a cohesive whole and expanded its overall capabilities, allowing the user to design a ship cooling system using the state-of-the-art methods and to study the impact of design decisions at the early design stages. The integration was numerically verified by solving a simple problem comprised of nine volume elements with internal heat generation and a cooling network. It was construed from the simulation results that SMCS-vemESRDC integration enhanced the design flexibility as well as reliability of the tool, in evaluating ship cooling network designs and promoting effective thermal management strategies.
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone by caldesmon.

Caldesmon is an actin-binding protein present in smooth muscle cells that also inhibits actin-activated myosin ATPase activity. To assess the possible role of caldesmon in the regulation of smooth contraction, we investigated the effects of synthetic peptides on force directly recorded from single hyperpermeable smooth muscle cells of ferret aorta and portal vein. GS17C, a peptide that contains the residues from Gly651 to Ser667 of the caldesmon sequence plus an added cysteine at the C terminus, binds calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and also binds to F-actin but does not inhibit actomyosin ATPase activity (Zhan, Q., Wong, S.S., and Wang, C.-L.A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21810-21814). In cells in which Ca2+ was clamped at pCa 7.0, GS17C induced a dose-dependent contraction (EC50 = 0.92 microM) in aorta cells, whereas it evoked little or no contraction in portal vein cells. The GS17C-induced contraction in aorta cells was inhibited at higher Ca2+ concentrations (above pCa 6.6) and by pretreatment with calmodulin. Another peptide, C16AA, which contains the residues from Ala594 to Ala609 and does not bind actin or calmodulin, did not induce contraction. Our results strongly suggest that GS17C induces contraction by the displacement of the inhibitory region of endogenous caldesmon and, furthermore, that caldesmon present in these smooth muscle cells regulates contraction by providing a basal resting inhibition of vascular tone.
Advanced Structural Assessment of Bone Using CT and MRI

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current status of the structural assessment of the skeleton using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and multidetector row CT (MDCT) and clinical image-based finite element (FE) models with an emphasis on new clinical discoveries and advances. Next, the high-resolution μCT and μMR imaging technologies are reviewed with an emphasis on microstructural assessments and functional assessments of the mechanical competence of the skeleton. The development of advanced microstructural analysis techniques in terms of ITS technology is discussed and its applications in clinical high-resolution CT and MR images are demonstrated. CT and MRI image-based and patient-specific FE models for the assessment of mechanical competence are also highlighted. Finally, the applications of FE models in a small pilot study involving hypogonadal men treated with testosterone and the comparison of the baseline data to those in eugonadal men is reviewed to demonstrate the potential of these techniques for evaluating treatment response.
Language, Literacy, and Technology

Introduction Part I. Designing Meaning: 1. Communication by design 2. Material resources: the medium matters 3. Social ecologies 4. The individual and design Part II. Interactions of the Material, the Social, and the Individual: 5. Ancient writing in Mesopotamia 6. Paper and print 7. Writing redesigned: electronically mediated discourse 8. Multimodal discourse Part III. Educational Implications: 9. Principles and goals in language and literacy education 10. Toward a relational pedagogy.