cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domain-wall dynamics in a two-component Bose-Mott insulator

We model the dynamics of two species of bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice within the Mott regime by mapping the system onto a spin model. A field gradient breaks the cloud into two domains. We study how the domain wall evolves under adiabatic and diabatic changes of this gradient. We determine the time scales for adiabaticity and study how temperature evolves for slow ramps. We show that after large, sudden changes of the field gradient, the system does not equilibrate on typical experimental time scales. We find interesting spin dynamics even when the initial temperature is large compared to the superexchange energy. We discuss the implication of our results for researchers wishing to use such a two-component system for thermometry or as part of a cooling scheme.
Low-Temperature Storage as a Quarantine Treatment for the Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Florida Citrus

‘Marsh’ and ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruits were infested by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in a cage, held at 10 or 15.6°C for 7 days (cold conditioning), then stored at 1.7°C for periods of 7, 9, 12, 15, and 19 days. ‘Pineapple’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were handled in the same way except they were not “conditioned” before cold storage. The exposure periods required to provide 99.9968% mortality (probit 9) of A. suspensa infestations in grapefruit, based on puparia recovered, were calculated by computer-programmed probit analysis to be 30 days for fruit conditioned at 10°C and 18.6 days for fruit conditioned at 15.6°C No A. suspensa survived in ‘Pineapple’ oranges exposed to 1.70°C for 12, 15, or 19 days. Attempts to infest ‘Valencia’ oranges with the Caribbean fruit fly were unsuccessful.
Diagnosis of open-circuit switch faults in multilevel active-NPC (ANPC) inverters

Multilevel converters have been widely used in traction drive systems due to their attractive output performance. However, one major disadvantage of multilevel converters is the large number of switching devices employed, which could increase the failure probability of drive systems. Thus, an effective diagnosis method for switch faults in multilevel converters is of high importance for the fault-tolerant operation of such drive systems. This paper introduces an on-line diagnosis method for open-circuit switch faults that could happen in one of the most promising multilevel converters: Active Neutral-Point-Clamped (ANPC) converter. This diagnostic method is implemented based on the comprehensive information of pole voltages, phase currents, and switching states of ANPC inverters. Compared with the existing diagnostic methods in the literature, the presented method in this paper has lower cost and shorter detection time (less than one fundamental cycle). Simulation results verified the effectiveness and robustness of the introduced fault diagnosis method.
Magnetically induced tetragonal lattice distortion in antiferromagnetic fcc Mn

Abstract The magnetically induced tetragonal lattice distortion observed in an antiferromagnetic metal, γMn, is studied using a total energy local spin density band theory approach. Good agreement is obtained with experiment for both the magnetic moment (2.3μ B ) and the size of the tetragonal distortion. The origin of the distortion is explained in terms of a directional property of the d-band bonding introduced by the antiferromagnetic ordering. Generalizing the results, any strong antiferromagnet with uniaxial magnetic structure is predicted to distort via a contraction perpendicular to the ferromagnetic lattice plane.
Content for Music Teacher Education in This Century

The curricula for preparing music specialists has remained largely unchanged for decades. In this time, most professions have moved toward preparing specialists while the music education profession has moved toward preparing generalists. The author examines how this is unrealistic and out of touch with the times and the future. Furthermore, the author argues that it is demeaning to our art form, teaching profession, and most important, future students. He proposes a plan for change to update music teacher training.
Lateral position of sinusoids presented with interaural intensive and temporal differences

The lateral position of pulsed sinusoids presented with interaural intensive or temporal differences was determined for a variety of frequencies, overall intensities, and durations. The lateral position of stimuli presented with interaural temporal differences was linearly related to interaural phase for interaural phases between 0 ° and ±90 °. Beyond ±90 ° the images often appeared at more than one position, usually on opposite sides of the head. The lateral position of stimuli presented with interaural intensive differences was linearly related to interaural intensity up to ±15 dB. These results were largely unaffected by frequency, duration, and overall intensity, although some of the small dependencies are described and discussed. The results are consistent with the assumption that lateral position at any one frequency is determined by mechanisms similar to coincidence networks or cross correlators. However, a single cross‐correlation mechanism cannot account for the results obtained across frequency.
Alpha, Alpha… Who's Got the Alpha?

Hedge funds have also been called “Absolute Return” strategies given their supposed ability to achieve positive returns in a wide range of market environments. In addition, performance is often based on their ability to obtain a return in excess of the risk free rate. However, the ability to obtain alpha (i.e., return above the risk free rate) is not indicative of managerial ability. In fact, any strategy that has volatility should use a benchmark return above the risk free rate. In this article, various forms of alpha determination are discussed. Moreover, the article emphasizes the problem of using Sharpe ratios to compare return/risk performance of two dissimilar strategies, especially when these strategies would be added to a predetermined portfolio.
Depression predicts failure to complete phase-II cardiac rehabilitation.

Reduced adherence to medical treatment regimens may help to explain the higher risk of mortality among depressed cardiac patients. Participation in cardiac rehabilitation is a highly recommended part of the medical treatment regimen for cardiac patients. This study examined if elevated depressive symptomology, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), predicted failure to complete a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation program for 600 patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with elevated levels of depressive symptomology (BDI scores ≥ 10) were 2.2 times less likely to complete cardiac rehabilitation compared to patients without depression (BDI < 10), after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and employment. Somatic symptoms predicted non-completion due to medical reasons, whereas younger age predicted failure to complete cardiac rehabilitation due to non-medical reasons. Given the difficulty of reducing mortality by treating depression directly, interventions targeting behavior change to improve medical treatment adherence might be an effective complementary strategy.
New Hybrid Digital/Analog Schemes for Transmission of a Gaussian Source Over a Gaussian Channel

Two new schemes are proposed for transmitting a Gaussian source over a Gaussian channel. These schemes directly generalize previous results of Bross and Puri A scaled version of either the source itself or the quantization error is superimposed on the digital information, and thus serves as effective channel state information (CSI) unknown to the receiver. It is shown that for any power allocation between the coded and uncoded components of transmission, optimal distortion can be achieved by a continuum of auxiliary random variables (rather than only Costa's) if the decoded auxiliary codeword is properly used. This observation provides a new degree of freedom in point-to-point transmission. This freedom, in turn, can be utilized in multiterminal scenarios, as is demonstrated with an example.
Communicating Analytic Results: A Tutorial for Decision Consultants

Good analysis alone may not achieve the goals of decision analysis (DA) engagements. Good communication of the results of that analysis can help stakeholders understand, accept, and implement the recommended course of action. Practitioners can use decision-analytic principles when considering the decision of how to communicate results themselves. From this perspective, we consider a range of questions to ask in preparing for communication with the client and other stakeholders. We review standard communication practices in DA engagements. The standard practice can be improved by drawing on insights from other areas of management practice. Decision analysis has both technical and organizational features, and we discuss ways to deal with the conceptual and expressive challenges this presents. This pragmatic tutorial provides a starting point for decision analysts to develop both technical communication skills and organizational communication skills.
Personalized health care: From theory to practice

The practice of medicine stands at the threshold of a transformation from its current focus on the treatment of disease events to an emphasis on enhancing health, preventing disease and personalizing care to meet each individual's specific health needs. Personalized health care is a new and strategic approach that is driven by personalized health planning empowered by personalized medicine tools, which are facilitated by advances in science and technology. These tools improve the capability to predict health risks, to determine and quantify the dynamics of disease development, and to target therapeutic approaches to the needs of the individual. Personalized health care can be implemented today using currently available technologies and know-how and thereby provide a market for the rational introduction of new personalized medicine tools. The need for early adoption of personalized health care stems from the necessity to reduce the egregious and wasteful burden of preventable chronic diseases, which is not effectively addressed by our current approach to care.
Pancreatic Response in Rats and Mice to Trypsin Inhibitors from Soy and Potato After Short- and Long-Term Dietary Exposure

The effects on the pancreas of chronic (95 wk) dietary exposure to protease inhibitors from soy and potato were compared in rats and mice. Soy and potato trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentrates were prepared from defatted raw soy flour and potato juice, respectively, by selective precipitation and ultrafiltration. Animals were fed a diet in which casein supplied approximately 20% protein. Each concentrate (less than 1% of the diet) was added to provide 100 and 200 mg of trypsin inhibitor activity per 100 g of diet. In short-term (28 d) experiments in rats, both sources of TI decreased the apparent nutritional quality of casein and produced pancreatic hypertrophy consistent with a hormonally mediated feedback mechanism for pancreatic adaptation to diet that is interactive with the nutritional status of the animal. After long-term feeding (95 wk), soy and potato TI produced dose-related pancreatic pathology in rats consisting of nodular hyperplasia and acinar adenoma, which was typical of that associated with raw soy flour. Although mice responded similarly to rats to soy TI in short-term (28-d) feeding experiments, they were resistant to the formation of these lesions following long-term feeding. This considerable species variation in propensity to develop preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the pancreas is not predicted by the short-term hypertrophic and hyperplastic response of the pancreas to TI.
the evil eye as synthetic image and its meanings on the Island of Pantelleria, Italy

Garrison and Arensberg's overgeneralized assertion that the evil eye is a reflection of patron-client systems in circum-Mediterranean societies, and Herzfeld's particularistic argument that the evil eye is not a useful unit for local cultural analysis, are found to be inadequate. Needham's synthetic image concept is offered as a fresh view of evil eye; it mediates the cross-cultural and historical existence of the belief, on the one hand, and fills the need for careful analysis in given locales, on the other. The evil eye synthetic image as it is constituted on the Island of Pantelleria, Italy, is explored as an example of such a perspective of a persistent symbolic complex. [Italy, evil eye, symbolism, envy, synthetic image, magic]
Magnesium therapy in new-onset atrial fibrillation

Abstract In new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), digoxin has a limited ability to control ventricular response, is no better than placebo for facilitating conversion to sinus rhythm, and has a slow onset of action with a narrow toxic-therapeutic ratio.1,2 Magnesium (Mg) has been shown to slow and sometimes normalize the heart rhythm in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.3,4 A randomized trial found Mg prevents AF in patients after cardiac surgery.5 Because of these factors, we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study addressing whether Mg and digoxin were superior to digoxin alone in controlling the ventricular response of AE.
Communications: Cellular mobile technology: The great multiplier: It can greatly expand mobile communications, but some technical and regulatory issues remain unsolved

Discusses some technical and regulatory problems for cellular mobile radio development in the USA.
Synergistic premalignant effects of chronic ethanol exposure and insulin receptor substrate‐1 overexpression in liver

Aim: Insulin receptor substrate, type 1 (IRS-1) transmits growth and survival signals, and is overexpressed in more than 90% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, experimental overexpression of IRS-1 in the liver was found not to be sufficient to cause HCC. Since chronic alcohol abuse is a risk factor for HCC, we evaluated potential interactions between IRS-1 overexpression and chronic ethanol exposure by assessing premalignant alterations in gene expression. Methods: Wild-type (wt) or IRS-1 transgenic (Tg) mice, constitutively overexpressing the human (h) transgene in the liver, were pair-fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 8 weeks. The livers were used for histopathologic study and gene expression analysis, focusing on insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and wingless (WNT)–Frizzled (FZD) pathways, given their known roles in HCC. Results: In wt mice, chronic ethanol exposure caused hepatocellular microsteatosis with focal chronic inflammation, reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and increased expression of IGF-I and IGF-I receptor. In hIRS-1 Tg mice, chronic ethanol exposure caused hepatic micro- and macrosteatosis, focal chronic inflammation, apoptosis and disordered lobular architecture. These effects of ethanol in hIRS-1 Tg mice were associated with significantly increased expression of IGF-II, insulin, IRS-4, aspartyl–asparaginyl β hydroxylase (AAH), WNT-1 and FZD 7, as occurs in HCC. Conclusion: In otherwise normal liver, chronic ethanol exposure mainly causes liver injury and inflammation with impaired DNA synthesis. In contrast, in the context of hIRS-1 overexpression, chronic ethanol exposure may serve as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of HCC by promoting expression of growth factors, receptors and signaling molecules known to be associated with hepatocellular transformation.
Basic fibroblast growth factor coating and endothelial cell seeding of a decellularized vascular graft

Introduction: Tissue engineering is a new strategy to develop small diameter vascular grafts for arterial bypasses. We have recently developed a novel decellularized vascular graft with a covalent linkage of heparin. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of bFGF coating on endothelial cell seeding and proliferation on the graft. Methods: Standard 5 mm disks of heparin bound decellularized grafts were incubated for 24 hours without or with 10 ng/ml bFGF. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) or dog peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were seeded onto disks, and were incubated for 96 hours (HMECs) or 48 hours (PECs), respectively. HMECs were also seeded onto the luminal surfaces of heparin bound decellularized grafts (10 cm long) for 3 hours. The graft was placed in a perfusion culture system and cultured for additional 6 hours with 100 ml/min flow and 15 mmHg pressure. After culture, cells were stained with calcein AM and viewed with a fluorescent microscope. The cell densities were determined as the number of cells per field. Results: After 96 hours of culturing following cell seeding, there were 4.9 ± 1.5 (n = 3) HMECs per field on control grafts and 12.0 ± 1.5 (n = 4) cells per field in bFGF treated grafts, with the difference being significant (P < 0.05). Likewise, with dog EPCs after 48 hours of culturing, there were 15.4 ± 5.0 (n = 3) cells per field in control grafts and 34.9 ± 7.6 (n = 3) cells per field in bFGF treated grafts. No difference was observed in HMEC density between the intact graft exposed to 6 hours of shear stress and the static control graft. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that bFGF coating on the heparin bound decelluarized grafts significantly increases both HMECs and dog EPC proliferation. Furthermore, cell seeding is stable in the perfusion condition. This study suggests that heparin binding growth factors may be able to enhance vascular healing and remodeling of heparin bound biological grafts.
Enabling Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Stored Video Streaming Service

We aim to enable a large-scale, high-volume, peer-to-peer, stored-video streaming service over the Internet, such as on-line DVD rentals. This paper addresses the following three technical challenges associated with the distribution of streaming video over the P2P network: 1) allow users with limited transmit bandwidth capacity to become contributing sources; 2) support the advertisement and discovery of time-changing and time-bounded video frame availability; and 3) design the architecture of a streaming network that enables above two functionalities. To meet these requirements, we propose a video distribution network model based on the hybrid architecture between client-server and P2P. In this model, a video is divided into a sequence of small segments and each user retrieves the video segments according to the scheduling algorithm which determines the order, the timing, and the rate of segment retrievals from other users. The model also employs an advertisement and discovery scheme which incorporates parameters of the scheduling algorithm to allow users to share their life-time of video segment availability information in one advertisement and one query. The simulation study shows that the proposed model and associated schemes greatly alleviate the bandwidth requirement of the video distribution server, especially when the number of participating users grows large. As much as 90% of load reduction was observed in some experiments when compared to the traditional client-server based video distribution service
Interexaminer reliability of transrectal ultrasound for estimating prostate volume.

Purpose: We investigated the interexaminer reliability of transrectal ultrasound measurement of total prostate and transition zone volume among 3 examiners with various levels of experience.Materials and Methods: A total of 121 patients 39 to 82 years old (average plus or minus standard deviation 60.7 ± 10.3) from a single urology clinic volunteered to participate. Patients with prostate cancer, previous prostate surgery or recent invasive prostatic examination were excluded from study. Each individual was examined independently by each of 3 examiners with various levels of experience, including an attending urologist, a PGY-2 resident in the second year of general surgery before urology training and a PGY-4 resident in the second year of urology training. Transrectal ultrasound was performed in each case by each examiner in pre-specified random order.Results: Mean total prostate and transition zone volume was 35.9 ± 27.2 and 15.6 ± 18.8 ml., respectively. Interexaminer agreement or reliability of the ult...
A generalized virial equation of state derived from experimental data

Generalized virial coefficients B*, C*, D*, and their derivatives have been established to satisfy experimental compressibility and Δuo, Δho data for spherically-symmetrical, nonpolar gases.
PROTEASES IN PARASITIC DISEASES

Parasitic diseases represent major global health problems of immense proportion. Schistosomiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African sleeping sickness affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, cause millions of deaths annually, and present an immense social and economic burden. Recent advances in genomic analysis of several of the major global parasites have revealed key factors involved in the pathogenesis of parasite diseases. Among the major virulence factors identified are parasite-derived proteases. This review focuses on the direct role of proteases in disease pathogenesis. Well-characterized examples of the roles proteases play in pathogenesis include their involvement in invasion of the host by parasite migration through tissue barriers, degradation of hemoglobin and other blood proteins, immune evasion, and activation of inflammation.
Low-LET Microbeam Investigation of the Track-End Dependence of Electron-Induced Damage in Normal Human Diploid Fibroblasts

Using a pulsed electron beam, we investigated the dependence of micronucleus formation on the incident electron energy in AG01522 human diploid fibroblasts after nontargeted irradiations at 25 and 80 keV. Examining the dose response, we found that 25 keV electrons are more effective than 80 keV electrons at producing biological damage for a given dose. Our results demonstrating the induction of micronuclei as a function of incident electron energy offer direct support for the hypothesis that the electron track end is responsible for the biological damage occurring in the cell.
Distributed Audio Coding with Efficient Source Correlation Extraction

Distributed source coding is one of the enabling technologies for efficient bandwidth utilization in wireless sensor networks and is consequently of great current interest. This paper studies its application to audio signals, using a transform weighted interleaved vector quantization (TWIN-VQ) framework and allowing a sensor node to passively receive and use information from neighboring sensors that is being transmitted to the common joint decoder. Specifically, it uses the linear predictor coefficients generated as side information by TWIN-VQ for one source to determine its frame-by-frame correlations with another source and then conditionally encode MDCT coefficients of the second source. Based on conditional entropy calculations, exploitation of this correlation results in potential improvements of 54-58% in coding efficiency. Using a multi-context adaptive arithmetic coder, an actual bitrate reduction of 38% is achieved.
Edwin Forrest’s July 4th Oration and the Specters of Provocative Eloquence

This is the author's accepted manuscript, available from the publisher at http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org/content/86/1.toc.
The Logarithmic Wind Profile

Abstract This paper explores the practical consequences of the asymptotic nature of the logarithmic wind profile in neutral, barotropic, planetary boundary layers. Recent developments in boundary-layer theory have shown that the von Karman constant is a universal constant only in a very specific asymptotic sense; in typical atmospheric conditions its value is probably about 10% larger than the asymptotic one. Pending the development of a second-order theory, the value κ = 0.35 ± 0.02 is recommended for micrometeorological applications over smooth terrain. It is shown that K theory cannot be used in attempts to detect any trends of deviations from the logarithmic law.
Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Important mosquito vectors of human diseases

Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of important human disease viruses, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control adult Aedes mosquitoes, especially during disease outbreaks. Herein, we review the status of pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti and A. albopictus, mechanisms of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance alleles and provide suggestions for future research. The widespread use of pyrethroids has given rise to many populations with varying levels of resistance worldwide, albeit with substantial geographical variation. In adult A. aegypti and A. albopictus, resistance levels are generally lower in Asia, Africa and the USA, and higher in Latin America, although there are exceptions. Susceptible populations still exist in several areas of the world, particularly in Asia and South America. Resistance to pyrethroids in larvae is also geographically widespread. The two major mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance are increased detoxification due to P450-monooxygenases, and mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene. Several P450s have been putatively associated with insecticide resistance, but the specific P450s involved are not fully elucidated. Pyrethroid resistance can be due to single mutations or combinations of mutations in Vssc. The presence of multiple Vssc mutations can lead to extremely high levels of resistance. Suggestions for future research needs are presented.
Can crop simulation models be used to predict local to regional maize yields and total production in the U.S. Corn Belt

Abstract Crop simulation models are used at the field scale to estimate crop yield potential, optimize current management, and benchmark input-use efficiency. At issue is the ability of crop models to predict local and regional actual yield and total production without need of site-year specific calibration of internal parameters associated with fundamental physiological processes. In this study, a well-validated maize simulation model was used to estimate yield potential for 45 locations across the U.S. Corn Belt, including both irrigated and rainfed environments, during four years (2011–2014) that encompassed diverse weather conditions. Simulations were based on measured weather data, dominant soil properties, and key management practices at each location (including sowing date, hybrid maturity, and plant density). The same set of internal model parameters were used across all site-years. Simulated yields were upscaled from locations to larger spatial domains (county, agricultural district, state, and region), following a bottom-up approach based on a climate zone scheme and distribution of maize harvested area. Simulated yields were compared against actual yields reported at each spatial level, both in absolute terms as well as deviations from long-term averages. Similar comparisons were performed for total maize production, estimated as the product of simulated yields and official statistics on maize harvested area in each year. At county-level, the relationship between simulated and actual yield was better described by a curvilinear model, with decreasing agreement at higher yields (>12 Mg ha−1). Comparison of actual and simulated yield anomalies, as estimated from the yearly yield deviations from the long-term actual and simulated average yield, indicated a linear relationship at county-level. In both cases (absolute yields and yield anomalies comparisons), the agreement increased with increasing spatial aggregation (from county to region). An approach based on long-term actual and simulated yields and year-specific simulated yield allowed estimation of actual yield with a high degree of accuracy at county level (RMSE ≤ 18%), even in years with highly favorable weather or severe drought. Estimates of total production, which are of greatest interest to buyers and sellers in the market, were also in close agreement with actual production (RMSE ≤ 22%). The approach proposed here to estimate yield and production can complement other approaches that rely on surveys, field crop cuttings, and empirical statistical methods and serve as basis for in-season yield and production forecasts.
The octopus: beauty in simplicity

![Figure][1] The octopus: sentient and swift, with a bulbous mantle, tiny head fixed on a neckless body and eight nimble arms. These arms, symmetrically radiating outward from its body, would appear to allow the octopus to move in innumerable ways. But with so many possibilities, where and
Toward Concurrent Testing for Somatic and Germline Variants in Cancer Patients.

Sequencing for somatic alterations in patients9 tumors is being increasingly clinically implemented to detect mutations that may guide therapy. Germline analysis of a cohort of patients undergoing tumor sequencing with matched normal has revealed that a small but significant percentage of these patients have germline variants that confer cancer susceptibility. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 3987–8. ©2016 AACR. See related article by Seifert et al., p. 4087
The Homogenization of Christian Liturgy-Ancient and Modern: Presidential Address

L'A., qui est pretre anglican, s'interroge sur l'uniformisation de liturgie chretienne en evoquant a ce sujet la querelle des anciens et des modernes. L'A. commence par examiner les travaux de Gregory Dix sur l'evolution de la celebration eucharistique. Tout le probleme consiste a faire tenir ensemble les notions d'evolution et de tradition. L'A. se propose de presenter a partir de la un modele de developpement liturgique surmontant cette opposition. Il explique ensuite les causes et les consequences de l'homogeneisation qui commenca au IV e siecle en matiere liturgique
A 60GHz packaged switched beam 32nm CMOS TRX with broad spatial coverage, 17.1dBm peak EIRP, 6.1dB NF at < 250mW

A low power, small form-factor, 60-GHz radio with beam switching capability is presented. The 3mm×3mm radio IC in 32nm SOI CMOS includes the TX and RX RF front ends, mixers, basebands, PLL and LO chains. The package comprises 2 TX antennas and 2 RX antennas producing low directivity beams in two orthogonal directions to maximize spatial coverage, with an achieved angular coverage of 254°. In board level measurements of the half duplex packaged radio, 17.1dBm EIRP and 6.1dB noise figure are achieved, with power consumption below 250mW.
Translation Elongation in Bacteria

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-directed protein synthesis is carried out by the ribosome, a macromolecular assembly composed of more than 70 distinct gene products. During the elongation phase of this multistep, regulated process, the ribosome reads the codon sequence of mRNA to synthesize specific polypeptides. This entails repetitive cycles of aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) selection, peptide bond formation, and translocation. aa-tRNA substrates, each charged with a specific amino acid, serve as the adapter molecules in protein synthesis by binding the ribosome through base-pairing interactions with the codon sequence of the mRNA open reading frame (ORF). Peptide bond formation incorporates each amino acid into a nascent peptide as translocation moves the ribosome directionally through the ORF to the next codon. These steps, collectively constituting a single elongation cycle, repeatedly drive the ribosome in discrete codon steps to synthesize an mRNA-encoded protein sequence. Elongation reactions are facilitated by highly conserved, guanosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing translation factors. In bacteria, elongation factor-Tu chaperones the process of tRNA selection while elongation factor-G mediates translocation. The mechanism of elongation plays a critical role in determining the rate and fidelity of protein synthesis and serves as a key regulation point for translational control in the cell. In bacteria, distinct elongation steps are targeted by a range of chemically distinct and clinically relevant antibiotic compounds.
Regulation of Cellular Immune Responses in Sepsis by Histone Modifications

Severe sepsis, septic shock, and related inflammatory syndromes are driven by the aberrant expression of proinflammatory mediators by immune cells. During the acute phase of sepsis, overexpression of chemokines and cytokines drives physiological stress leading to organ failure and mortality. Following recovery from sepsis, the immune system exhibits profound immunosuppression, evidenced by an inability to produce the same proinflammatory mediators that are required for normal responses to infectious microorganisms. Gene expression in inflammatory responses is influenced by the transcriptional accessibility of the chromatin, with histone posttranslational modifications determining whether inflammatory gene loci are set to transcriptionally active, repressed, or poised states. Experimental evidence indicates that histone modifications play a central role in governing the cytokine storm of severe sepsis, and that aberrant chromatin modifications induced during the acute phase of sepsis may mediate chronic immunosuppression in sepsis survivors. This review will focus on the role of histone modifications in governing immune responses in severe sepsis, with an emphasis on specific leukocyte subsets and the histone modifications observed in these cells during chronic stages of sepsis. Additionally, the expression and function of chromatin-modifying enzymes (CMEs) will be discussed in the context of severe sepsis, as potential mediators of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in sepsis responses. In summary, this review will argue for the use of chromatin modifications and CME expression in leukocytes as potential biomarkers of immunosuppression in patients with severe sepsis.
Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares Analysis of High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data

Methods such as liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) are crucial for differentiating compounds with highly similar masses. This is a necessity when analyzing highly complex samples; however, the size of high-resolution LC-HRMS data sets can cause difficulties when applying advanced data analysis techniques. In this work, LC-HRMS analyses of known amphetamine samples and unknown bacterial lipid samples were carried out, and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was applied to the data to obtain mathematical separation of overlapped analyte signals. In order to minimize computational strain, a novel strategy was developed which minimizes the number of irrelevant masses analyzed at full resolution. To do this, data were first binned to unit mass resolution, and MCR-ALS was performed. This provided mathematical components for each analyte present plus background components. In the resolved spectral profiles of analyte components, masses abo...
A Low-Cost Environmental Monitoring System: How to Prevent Systematic Errors in the Design Phase through the Combined Use of Additive Manufacturing and Thermographic Techniques

nEMoS (nano Environmental Monitoring System) is a 3D-printed device built following the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) approach. It can be connected to the web and it can be used to assess indoor environmental quality (IEQ). It is built using some low-cost sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller board. The device is assembled in a small-sized case and both thermohygrometric sensors used to measure the air temperature and relative humidity, and the globe thermometer used to measure the radiant temperature, can be subject to thermal effects due to overheating of some nearby components. A thermographic analysis was made to rule out this possibility. The paper shows how the pervasive technique of additive manufacturing can be combined with the more traditional thermographic techniques to redesign the case and to verify the accuracy of the optimized system in order to prevent instrumental systematic errors in terms of the difference between experimental and actual values of the above-mentioned environmental parameters.
Mutation and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs16754) in Wilms Tumor-1 Gene Are Independent Prognostic Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Abstract 995 Poster Board I-17 Several reports have suggested that mutations in the Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) represent an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we examined the associations of WT1 mutations in exons 7 and 9 and the silent R301 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 7 (A903G; NCBI dbSNP reference ID: rs16754) with outcome in AML patients treated at a single institution. Peripheral blood plasma and bone marrow samples from 174 newly diagnosed AML patients were tested for WT1 mutations in exons 7 and 9 by sequencing and fragment-length analysis for the detection of small deletions/insertions. Sequencing provided information on the specific genotype of the rs16754 SNP. The findings were correlated with outcome and other laboratory findings. WT1 mutation was detected in 7 of 50 (14%) AML patients 50. The silent R301 SNP was detected at frequencies of 4% for GG, 26% for GA, and 70% for AA genotypes, but there was no difference with age. A similar SNP genotype distribution was detected in normal control subjects. WT1 mutations were associated with higher white cell count (P=0.01) and higher percentage of blasts in bone marrow (P=0.03) and peripheral blood (P=0.009). In addition, WT1 mutation was significantly associated with FLT3 mutation (P=0.002) but not NPM1 mutation (P=0.8). WT1 mutation was also significantly associated with shorter survival (P=0.025), event-free survival (P=0.002), and complete remission duration (P=0.002) in patients Download : Download high-res image (87KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Complex Housing: Designing for Density

Winner of the 2021 ARCC Book Award Complex Housing introduces an architectural type called complex housing, common to the Netherlands and found in other Northern European countries. Eight fully illustrated case studies show successful approaches to designing for density, which reflect values such as long-term planning, a right to housing, and access to light and air. The case studies demonstrate a wide range of applications including a mixture of urban and suburban sites, various numbers of dwelling units, low- to high-density approaches, different architectural styles, and organizational strategies that can be adopted in projects elsewhere. More than 350 color images.
Racial disparity in survival from estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer: implications for reducing breast cancer mortality disparities.

Non-Latina black breast cancer patients experience a shorter survival from breast cancer than their non-Latina white counterparts. We compared breast cancer-specific survival for the subset of black and white patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive tumors that are generally targeted with endocrine therapy. Using data collected from a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients from Chicago, IL, Kaplan–Meier survival curves and hazard functions were generated and proportional hazards models were estimated to determine the black/white disparity in time to death from breast cancer while adjusting for age at diagnosis, patient characteristics, treatment-related variables, and tumor grade and stage. In regression models, hazard of breast cancer death among ER/PR-positive patients was at least 4 times higher for black than for white patients in all models tested. Notably, even after adjusting for stage at diagnosis, tumor grade, and treatment variables (including initiation of systemic adjuvant therapies), the hazard ratio for death from ER/PR-positive breast cancer between black and white women was 4.39 (95% CI 1.76, 10.9, p = 0.001). We observed a racial disparity in breast cancer survival for patients diagnosed with ER/PR-positive tumors that did not appear to be due to differences in tumor stage, grade, or therapy initiation in black patients, suggesting that there may be racial differences in the molecular characteristics of hormone receptor-positive tumors, such that ER/PR-positive tumors in black patients may be less responsive to standard treatments.
Mass Murder: An Analysis of Extreme Violence

Mass murder involves the slaughter of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event, lasting but a few minutes or as long as several hours. More than just arbitrary, using this minimum body count—as opposed to a two- or three-victim threshold suggested by others (e.g., Ressler et al., 1988, Holmes and Holmes, 2001)—helps to distinguish multiple killing from homicide generally. Moreover, by restricting our attention to acts committed by one or a few offenders, our working definition of multiple homicide also excludes highly organized or institutionalized killings (e.g., war crimes and large-scale acts of political terrorism as well as certain acts of highly organized crime rings). Although state-sponsored killings are important in their own right, they may be better explained through the theories and methods of political science than criminology. Thus, for example, the definition of multiple homicide would include the crimes committed by Charles Manson and his followers, but not those of Hitler's Third Reich, or the 9/11 terrorists, despite some similarities in the operations of authority.
Development of a novel intra-abdominal pressure transducer for large scale clinical studies

Intra-abdominal pressure may be one of the few modifiable risk factors associated with developing a pelvic floor disorder. With one in eight women having surgery to correct a pelvic floor disorder in their lifetimes, intra-abdominal pressure may be a key to understanding the disease etiology and how to mitigate its occurrence and progression. Many traditional methods of intra-abdominal pressure measurement have limitations in data quality, environment of use, and patient comfort. We have modified a previously reported intravaginal pressure transducer that has been shown to overcome other intra-abdominal pressure measurement technique limitations (Coleman et al. 2012). Our modifications to the intravaginal pressure transducer make it easier to use, less costly, and more reliable than previous designs, while maintaining accuracy, integrity, and quality of data. This device has been used in over 400 participants to date as part of one of the most comprehensive studies examining the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure and pelvic floor disorders.
Real-world fuel use and gaseous emission rates for flex fuel vehicles operated on E85 versus gasoline.

Flex fuel vehicles (FFVs) typically operate on gasoline or E85, an 85%/15% volume blend of ethanol and gasoline. Differences in FFV fuel use and tailpipe emission rates are quantified for E85 versu...
Watch It! Factors Driving Continued Feature Use of the Smartwatch

Although the recognition of the pervasive nature of technologies has prompted research, few studies have addressed the specific characteristics that enhance the confirmation, satisfaction, and cont...
Guideline: Recommendations are provided for antiretroviral therapies in pregnant women with HIV.

Source Citation Siemieniuk RAC, Lytvyn L, Mah Ming J, et al. Antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women living with HIV: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2017;358:j3961. 28893728
Risk Factors for Forced, Incapacitated, and Coercive Sexual Victimization Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Male and Female College Students.

Although college students are at high risk for sexual victimization, the majority of research has focused on heterosexual students and often does not differentiate by victimization type. Thus, little is known about prevalence rates and risk factors for sexual victimization among sexual minority college students and whether the interaction between gender and sexual orientation differs by victimization type. To address these gaps, we examine whether risk factors for three types of sexual victimization (i.e., forced, incapacitated, and coerced) differ by gender (n = 681 males; n = 732 females) and sexual orientation (n = 1,294 heterosexual; n = 119 sexual minority) and whether the intersection of gender and sexual orientation is correlated with these three types of sexual victimization among 1,413 college students. Prevalence rate results revealed significant differences between gender and sexual orientation: Sexual minority females had the highest rates of coerced sexual victimization (58%), and their mean ...
The Central Sensitization Inventory and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire: An exploration of construct validity and associations with widespread pain sensitivity among individuals with shoulder pain.

Abstract Background The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) are alternatives to quantitative sensory testing (QST) for inferring central sensitization. Objective Explore 1) comparative validity of the CSI and PSQ with QST (construct validity) and pain-related psychological questionnaires (concurrent validity), and 2) associations with widespread pain sensitivity. Methods Seventy-eight participants with unilateral shoulder pain less than 6 months (mean ± SD age = 39.0 ± 14.5 years, N (%) females = 36 (46.2%)) completed the CSI, PSQ, psychological questionnaires, and underwent QST for local and remote pressure pain thresholds (PPT), heat pain threshold, and suprathreshold heat pain ratings. Data from 25 age and sex-matched healthy participants (mean ± SD age = 35.2 ± 11.1 year, N (%) females = 13 (52.0%)) were used to determine a composite index for widespread pressure pain sensitivity in the shoulder pain group. Analyses included correlations between measures and between-group comparisons. Results Only the PSQ was associated with remote PPT (rho range = −0.25 to −0.27). Both the CSI and PSQ were associated with resilience (rho range = −0.29 to −0.39), anxiety (rho range = 0.25 to 0.66), and negative affect (rho range = 0.27 to 0.67). Neither the CSI nor PSQ were associated with widespread pain sensitivity (p > 0.05). Resilience (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.94) was a distinctive feature for widespread pain sensitivity. Conclusions These preliminary findings challenge the exclusive use of the CSI or PSQ for inferring central sensitization among individuals with shoulder pain.
Vortices in Aero-Propulsion Systems

In this chapter we present examples of vortex motions encountered in turbomachines and aero-propulsion systems. In many cases, such motions have important effects on performance, and the focus is thus on vortex motion in situations of technological interest.
Requirements for Steroid Hormone Action in Eucaryotic Cells

Over the past decade, work from many laboratories has led to a generally accepted hypothesis for the primary synthetic events involved in steroid hormone action. Although no universal agreement exists for the specific molecular details, the overall steps in the pathway have been elucidated.