cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Antenna-Coupled MOM Diodes for Infrared Sensor Applications

We report the fabrication and experimental study of uncooled, unbiased infrared sensors suited for the detection of optical and near IR-radiation. The detector consists of a metal-oxide-metal junction fabricated on an oxidized silicon wafer by a single electron beam lithography step combined with double-angle evaporation. We fabricated symmetrical and asymmetrical diodes with junction areas around 50 nm x 50 nm, which is smaller than those used in previous work. In this paper we present the fabrication procedure of the sensors, dc I–V measurements of the diodes, and the optical and near IR measurements.
Painting Chinese mythology: Varying touches on the magazine covers of Time, The Economist, Der Spiegel, and China Today:

This study applied semiotic analysis to examine the national image of China on the magazine covers of Time, The Economist, Der Spiegel, and China Today. This study sought to find out and explicate ...
Hardware IP Trust

The chapter focuses on the trust issues in hardware intellectual property (IP) blocks – specially the scope of Trojan insertion in modern IPs, types of IP-level Trojan, and challenges in detecting them. The chapter starts with a discussion on the political and socioeconomic factors that made such a possibility, a reality. It also contains a brief history of the early developments in Trojan research done by DARPA in 2000s. A detailed taxonomy of Trojans and their operational behavior is presented to illustrate the wide range of possibilities associated with the deployment and action of a Trojan. A general discussion on detection techniques follows. Toward the latter half of the chapter two detection techniques specifically aimed for detecting Trojans at the IP level are discussed in detail. One of them is a “prevention technique,” while the other is a “detection technique.”
Os investimentos no Islam e seu sistema tributário

A contribuicao do mundo muculmano para uma nova ordem economica internacional baseia-se na aplicacao renovada da lei islâmica, a shari'ah , nas modernas transacoes economicas e financeiras. No que se refere as atividades financeiras, as medidas devem ser vistas como parte integral de uma tentativa de desenvolver o ideal islâmico na sociedade e na economia, com base nos principios islâmicos da justica social e humana. O acesso ao banco islâmico envolve – alem de suas implicacoes religiosas – uma relacao conceitualmente diferente entre atividade financeira e atividade economica. A ligacao emprestador/tomador de emprestimo e substituida pelo risco/distribuicao equitativos entre o capital e o empresario. A consequencia principal dessa abordagem diferente da economia islâmica e a proibicao de pagar ou cobrar juros. A palavra zakat significa purificacao e crescimento. Cada muculmano deve calcular, anualmente, a sua zakat que, em geral, corresponde a 2,5% dos seus rendimentos. As pessoas pobres nao precisam pagar zakat , visto que um dos objetivos desse dever religioso e, precisamente, ajudar os mais pobres. No passado, a maior parte dos paises muculmanos cobrava a zakat , mas a pratica foi abandonada. Segundo o Islam, toda riqueza e oriunda de Allah. Aqueles que tiveram a sorte de beneficiar da sua riqueza devem, por sua vez, apoiar os membros mais desfavorecidos da comunidade muculmana (a umma). O nao pagamento do zakat e entendido como um pecado que sera julgado no Dia do Juizo Final (Yaum al-Qiyamah). Esse tributo e, tambem, visto como forma de purificacao do crente. Palavras-chave: Investimento. Islam. Tributario.
Traditional Manufacturing Management

The management of most manufacturing operations poses tremendously complex problems. Nowhere is this more true than in batch manufacturing. At any one time, a typical batch manufacturer may have several hundred batches flowing through dozens of work centres. Coordinating personnel and machines to get the right product to the right customer at the right time, in the right quantity while also achieving acceptable standards of manufacture at reasonable cost is a mammoth task.
Acinetobacter baumannii OxyR Regulates the Transcriptional Response to Hydrogen Peroxide

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes diverse infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and wound infections. Due to multiple intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms, A. baumannii isolates are commonly multidrug resistant, and infections are notoriously difficult to treat. The World Health Organization recently highlighted carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a "critical priority" for the development of new antimicrobials because of the risk to human health posed by this organism. Therefore, it is important to discover the mechanisms used by A. baumannii to survive stresses encountered during infection in order to identify new drug targets. In this study, by use of in vivo imaging, we identified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a stressor produced in the lung during A. baumannii infection and defined OxyR as a transcriptional regulator of the H2O2 stress response. Upon exposure to H2O2, A. baumannii differentially transcribes several hundred genes. However, the transcriptional upregulation of genes predicted to detoxify hydrogen peroxide is abolished in an A. baumannii strain in which the transcriptional regulator oxyR is genetically inactivated. Moreover, inactivation of oxyR in both antimicrobial-susceptible and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains impairs growth in the presence of H2O2 OxyR is a direct regulator of katE and ahpF1, which encode the major H2O2-degrading enzymes in A. baumannii, as confirmed through measurement of promoter binding by recombinant OxyR in electromobility shift assays. Finally, an oxyR mutant is less fit than wild-type A. baumannii during infection of the murine lung. This work reveals a mechanism used by this important human pathogen to survive H2O2 stress encountered during infection.
TLR Activation Alters Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation

Early exposure to inflammatory signals may have a lasting impact on immune function. Present throughout embryogenesis, macrophages are key cells providing innate immune protection to the developing fetus and newborn. Here, we have used an established model of macrophage development to test how early inflammatory signals can impact cellular differentiation and function. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 2 days after initial isolation and culture. LPS treatment during this early stage of differentiation decreased the expression of CSF1R and increased that of the mature macrophage marker F4/80. These early changes in macrophage differentiation were also measured in cells from mice lacking IKKβ, but the change in CSF1R expression after LPS treatment was blocked with MAPK inhibition. LPS-induced changes in macrophage marker expression persisted following LPS removal, suggesting that early inflammatory activation could induce a lasting developmental impact. Early LPS exposure inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of labeled E. coli while LPS had no effect on fully differentiated macrophages. Our data demonstrate that early inflammatory exposure to a microbial stimulus induce lasting phenotypic changes in macrophages.
PGA W. Residential Ass’n v Hulven Int’l (Commentary)

PGA West Residential Association (Creditor) alleged Dempsey Mork (Debtor) tried to fraudulently insulate the equity in his condominium from creditors by naming Hulven International, Inc. (Hulven), a sham corporation entirely owned and controlled by Debtor, as the beneficiary of a deed of trust and note, and by later directing Hulven to foreclose on the condominium. Hulven demurred, arguing Creditor’s lawsuit was barred by a 7-year limitations period for actions under the former Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act. (Effective January 1, 2016, the former Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act (UFTA) was amended and renamed the Uniform Voidable Transactions Act.) The superior court overruled the demurrer and, after conducting a bench trial, entered judgment for Creditor.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: state of the art of care in 2018

This review presents an update on current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnostics, multidisciplinary treatment and follow-up care, with special focus on neuropsychological sequelae of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) based on most recent publications on these topics. Recent insight in molecular pathogenesis of CP opens new perspectives on targeted therapy. Further research to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and to prevent hypothalamic involvement of CP is warranted. Surgical treatment strategies should be based on a multidisciplinary approach involving experienced teams aiming at posterior hypothalamus-sparing treatment for prevention of quality of life impairments. Centralization of CP treatment in experienced 'centers of excellence' is recommended. However, such centralization includes high thresholds concerning infrastructure not achievable in all health systems. Alternatives such as multicenter-based networks used for reference assessments should be considered to assure high standards of treatment quality. Irradiation is efficient in preventing further growth or recurrence in CP patients with residual tumor. Proton beam therapy - available on a wider range in the near future - will help to avoid radiooncological side effects. Novel insights into neuropsychological sequelae after CP should be the basis for the development of future therapeutic neuropsychological interventions. Due to the rareness of the disease, common international efforts in research and treatment are recommended and should lead to an international registry for childhood-onset CP, as a first step toward efficient coordination of scientific and clinical initiatives.
Over and over again: Changes in frontal EEG asymmetry across a boring task.

Boredom is an aversive emotional state. People high in trait boredom are less able to effectively cope with and resolve boredom than people low in trait boredom. Trait boredom is characterized by proneness and susceptibility, which are associated with avoidance and approach behavioral dispositions, respectively. Baseline frontal EEG asymmetry (FEA) has been treated as a trait level neural correlate of approach and avoidance motivational styles. Online processes by which people effectively cope with and resolve state boredom may involve an approach motivation to create stimulation. Evidence indicates that FEA reflects an active approach or avoidance motivation. This study tested the prediction that proneness and susceptibility would be related to relative less and greater left frontal activity during baseline, respectively, and lower levels of trait boredom would be associated with a leftward shift frontal activity as situationally induced boredom ensued. Young adults (N = 54) completed trait boredom scales, baseline EEG, and a boring task. Results showed that people low in trait boredom exhibited a leftward shift in frontal activity over the course of the boring task. No relations between trait boredom and baseline FEA were observed. The results are consistent with the possibility that approach motivation is involved in coping with and resolving boredom. FEA has been characterized at trait and state levels. Our results provide a new view of FEA as a signature of dynamic online emotion regulatory processes. The implications from linking boredom and FEA for understanding the mechanisms of boredom resolution and meaning of FEA are discussed.
ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCTION IN MILK BY ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI

Three enterotoxigenic strains and one nonenterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli were grown in milk at an initial pH of 6.5 to 8.5. One strain produced detectable levels of heat-labile enterotoxin in all cultures with an initial pH above 6.5.
Ventriloquism as a matter for discourse analysis

As a discourse analyst, I take Francois Cooren's compelling reconstruction of communication theory as ventriloquism as a universe in which the world speaks through us and by our speaking of it, as an invitation to new noticings, new conversations, new questions for analysis (of discourse; interaction; communication). In this discussion note, I stage an inter-action between Cooren’s ventriloqual universe and the concepts of affect , orders of indexicality and polycentricity that animate the work of discourse scholars Rick Iedema and Jan Blommaert. In doing so, I consider how these concepts and the noticings they invite may enhance a ventriloqual view and (perhaps selfishly), how they matter to me as I continue to develop my thinking and doing in discourse studies.
Pharmacokinetics and Dialytic Clearance of Isavuconazole During In Vitro and In Vivo Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) and dialytic clearance of isavuconazole in vitro and in 7 solid organ transplant patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were evaluated. In vivo, mean (± SD) plasma PK parameters of isavuconazole were: C max 4.00±1.45 mg/L, C min 1.76±0.76 mg/L, t ½ 48.36±29.78 h, Vss 288.78±182.11 L, CLss 4.85±3.79 L/h, and AUC 54.01±20.98 mg ⋅ h/L. Transmembrane clearance represented just 0.7% of the total isavuconazole clearance. These data suggest that isavuconazole is not readily removed by CRRT and no dose adjustments are necessary.
Sampled-data containment control for double-integrator agents with dynamic leaders with nonzero inputs

Abstract The objective of containment control in multi-agent systems is to design control algorithms for the followers to converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders. Sampled-data based containment control algorithms are suitable for the cases where the power supply and sensing capacity are limited, due to their low-cost and energy-saving features resulting from discrete sensing and interactions. In addition, sampled-data control has advantages in performance, price and generality. On the other hand, when the agents have double-integrator dynamics and the leaders are dynamic with nonzero inputs, the existing algorithms are not directly applicable in a sampled-data setting. To this end, this paper proposes a sampled-data based containment control algorithm for a group of double-integrator agents with dynamic leaders with nonzero inputs under directed communication networks. By applying the proposed control algorithm, the followers converge to the convex hull spanned by the dynamic leaders with bounded position and velocity containment control errors, and the ultimate bound of the overall containment error is proportional to the sampling period. A numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
An examination of Unified English Braille and its efficiency in representing print

This study considers whether Unified English Braille provides an efficient representation of printed English. Two databases of English words were used to acquire and calculate information about Eng...
Overparticipation: Designing Effective Land Use Public Processes

There are more opportunities for public participation in the planning and zoning process today than there were in the decades immediately after states adopted the first zoning enabling acts. As a result, today, public participation, dominated by nearby residents, drives most land use planning and zoning decisions. Enhanced public participation rights are often seen as an unqualified good but there is a long history of public participation and community control cementing racial segregation, entrenching exclusion, and preventing the development of affordable housing in cities and suburbs alike. Integrating community engagement into an effective administrative process requires addressing the various ways in which existing public participation processes have failed to serve their purported goals. This Article critically examines how public participation operates in land use planning and approvals. It then proposes a new model, drawing lessons from other administrative processes, in an effort to balance public input, legal standards, and expertise.
COVID-19 and exacerbation of screening mammography inequities

6543Background: After state-mandated cessation of screening mammography (SM) in Spring 2020 due to COVID-19, centers were urged to resume screening, particularly of patients at increased risk. As o...
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION AND RECOVERY OUTCOMES IN COLLEGE-AGED ADULTS WITH A CONCUSSION.

CONTEXT Previously, the most common treatment for a concussion was prolonged physical and cognitive rest. Recent research suggests that earlier physical activity (PA) may be better at promoting recovery. Research has not evaluated the relationship between free-living PA (e.g., walking) and symptom reporting or recovery duration. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between free-living physical activity (PA) participation and two recovery outcomes in college-aged adults with a concussion. DESIGN Prospective Cohort Setting: Division 1 & 3 Universities Participants: Thirty-two college-aged adults (68.8% female, age: 19.8±1.4) with a concussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed a post-concussion symptom evaluation at visits 1 (<72 hours from concussion) and 2 (8 days later). Between visits, participants' PA was monitored using an Actigraph GT9X Link PA monitor and expressed as total PA (counts per minute) and percent time of PA spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity (%MVPA). Recovery time was the number of days from injury occurrence to medical clearance. Separate hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between total PA and each recovery variable (visit 2 symptom severity, recovery time). Additionally, separate exploratory hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between %MVPA and each recovery variable. Statistical significance was set a priori at p ≤ .05. RESULTS Participants averaged 2446±441 counts per minute and spent 12.1±4.2% of their PA performing MVPA. Participants yielded median symptom severities of 28[24] and 2[8] for visit 1 and 2, respectively. Average recovery time was 14.7±7.5 days. Total PA did not significantly contribute to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.122) or recovery time (p=.301). Similarly, %MVPA had little contribution to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.358) or recovery time (p=.276). CONCLUSION Results suggest that free-living PA may not be enough to reduce symptoms or shorten recovery. Thus, clinicians may need to provide patients with more structured PA protocols mimicking previous research.
Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update†.

Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5-6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20 ) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF16 ) and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF15 ) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid-based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.
Dispersion in Tumbling Flow

Steep mountain streams are often in the tumbling flow regime, that is alternating sub- and super-critical flow with energy dissipation caused mainly by sudden changes in slope and cross section. Though longitudinal dispersion characteristics of tumbling flows are important in time-of-travel, stream gauging, and contaminant spread considerations, very little pertinent information is available. The results of a laboratory study intended to provide preliminary data on tumbling flow dispersion are discussed. To simulate tumbling flow, a 1 m wide flume was divided into 11 pools by placing identical triangular weirs at 3 m intervals. Slugs of fluorescent dye were injected at the first weir and the resulting concentration-time variations measured downstream at every second weir. Test results are analyzed according to existing theoretical models and corresponding parameters evaluated. It is concluded that conventional river dispersion models are possible means of describing tumbling flow dispersion but it is unclear at this time whether storage dispersion models are relistic.
The osteocalcin gene: A model for multiple parameters of skeletal-specific transcriptional control

Influences of promoter regulatory elements that are responsive to basal and tissue-restricted transactivation factors, steroid hormones, growth factors and other physiologic mediators has provided the basis for understanding regulatory mechanisms contributing to developmental expression of osteocalcin, tissue specificity and biological activity (reviewed in [1-3]). These regulatory elements and cognate transcription factors support postproliferative transcriptional activation and steroid hormone (e.g. vitamin D) enhancement at the onset of extracellular matrix mineralization during osteoblast differentiation. Three parameters of nuclear structure contribute to osteocalcin gene transcriptional control. The linear representation of promoter elements provides competency for physiological responsiveness within the contexts of developmental as well as phenotype-dependent regulation. Chromatin structure and nucleosome organization reduce distances between independent regulatory elements providing a basis for integrating components of transcriptional control. The nuclear matrix supports gene expression by imposing physical constraints on chromatin related to three dimensional genomic organization. In addition, the nuclear matrix facilitates gene localization as well as the concentration and targeting of transcription factors. Several lines of evidence are presented which are consistent with involvement of multiple levels of nuclear architecture in tissue-specific gene expression during differentiation. Growth factor and steroid hormone responsive modifications in chromatin structure, nucleosome organization and the nuclear matrix are considered which influence transcription of the bone tissue-specific osteocalcin gene during progressive expression of the osteoblast phenotype.
“The vile conclusion”. Crises of resolution in Shakespeare's love plots

This article offers a new perspective on closure in Shakespeare's plays by adopting a theory of narrative dynamics, most commonly associated with Peter Brooks, that has until now been applied predominantly to the novel. According to this theory, plot and resolution are not distinct phases in the story, but dueling forces that contend throughout it, the one complicating and sustaining the narrative, the other simplifying and resolving it. This article shows that for Shakespeare, romantic love was deeply implicated with the former. In the literature of Shakespeare's day, romantic love was understood to be an inherently destabilizing force – upsetting the social order, wrecking marriages, and ruining careers (and commanding respect for precisely those reasons). As such, it was both a narrative blessing and a narrative curse, generating abundant material for plots, but rendering the happy resolution of those plots a fraught and difficult affair. In the tragedies, Shakespeare simply lets the force of romantic ...
Neurologic Wilson's disease

Despite a long history, Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, remains a commonly misdiagnosed import disease. Mutations in ATP7B result in abnormal copper metabolism and subsequent toxic accumulation of copper. Clinical manifestations of neurologic Wilson's disease include variable combinations of dysarthria, dystonia, tremor, and choreoathetosis. Among neurodegenerative diseases, it is unusual in that misdiagnosis and delay in treatment are clinically relevant because treatments can prevent and cure Wilson's disease, if they are given appropriately. If left untreated, Wilson's disease progresses to hepatic failure or severe neurologic disability and death, while those adequately treated have normal life spans. This review focuses on the neurologic features of Wilson's disease, its diagnosis, and treatment options.
Accommodating student learning styles and preferences in an online occupational therapy course

Occupational therapy's online education must be research-based and inclusive. One way to provide a more inclusive online learning experience is to attend to individual learning styles and preferences. This study uses the best available evidence on learning styles and online education to develop, implement, and study occupational therapy students' experiences with an online learning module and related assignment. Eight students consented to take an online survey after completing a learning module and related assignment in an online post-professional graduate course in occupational therapy. The survey explored their learning experience and its applicability to clinical work. Data gathered from multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-ended questions were descriptively analyzed. Results from this study suggest that students find the study of learning styles and preferences enjoyable and applicable to their clinical work, but are often motivated by factors such as time and technology when selecting the format of a course assignment.
Epigenetics and the Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain

Objective. The objective of this study was to review the epigenetic modifications involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain and to identify potential targets for the development of novel, individualized pain therapeutics. Background. Epigenetics is the study of heritable modifications in gene expression and phenotype that do not require a change in genetic sequence to manifest their effects. Environmental toxins, medications, diet, and psychological stresses can alter epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA interference. As epigenetic modifications potentially play an important role in inflammatory cytokine metabolism, steroid responsiveness, and opioid sensitivity, they are likely key factors in the development of chronic pain. Although our knowledge of the human genetic code and disease-associated polymorphisms has grown significantly in the past decade, we have not yet been able to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the development of persistent pain after nerve injury or surgery. Design. This is a focused literature review of epigenetic science and its relationship to chronic pain. Results. Significant laboratory and clinical data support the notion that epigenetic modifications are affected by the environment and lead to differential gene expression. Similar to mechanisms involved in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and inflammatory disorders, the literature endorses an important potential role for epigenetics in chronic pain. Conclusions. Epigenetic analysis may identify mechanisms critical to the development of chronic pain after injury, and may provide new pathways and target mechanisms for future drug development and individualized medicine.
Ontogeny of an iridescent nanostructure composed of hollow melanosomes

Iridescent colors in feathers are some of the brightest in nature, and are produced by coherent light scattering from periodic arrangements of melanosomes (melanin-containing organelles). Hollow melanosomes, an evolutionary innovation largely restricted to birds, contain an optically powerful combination of high and low refractive indices (from the melanin and air, respectively) that enables production of brighter and more saturated colors than solid melanosomes. However, despite their significance to avian color and potential utility as optical biomaterials, little is known about the ontogeny of either the melanosomes themselves or the nanostructures they comprise. We used light and electron microscopy to characterize nanostructural development in regenerating feathers of wild turkeys, a species with iridescent color produced by a hexagonally close-packed array of hollow melanosomes. We found that melanosomes form as solid bodies in melanocytes. Later in development, largely after placement in developing barbules, their interiors dissolve and leave hollow cores. These now hollow melanosomes are initially disorganized in the barbule, but become close-packed as they are pulled to the edge of the barbule, likely through a combination of forces including depletion–attraction. These data suggest that these structurally colored tissues are self-assembled and represent novel pathways of development. J. Morphol. 276:378–384, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Results of a survey of electrical interference problems on commercial fishing vessels

The Canadian Center for Marine Communications (CCMC) surveyed electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) related problems on commercial fishing vessels under 20 meters. 22 vessels of metallic and nonmetallic construction were involved. The goal of the survey was to provide information on the electrical condition of these vessels. The necessary data was obtained by performing electrical noise measurements. The results show, for a high percentage of cases that marine electrical equipment does not have adequate electrical noise suppression, and that many autopilot systems are susceptible to high frequency single side band transmitters.
The effects of visual factors and head orientation on postural steadiness in women 55 to 70 years of age.

This study was designed to establish reference data for the effects of head position and visual conditions on the standing posture of healthy women ages 55 to 70. Center of pressure (CoP) data were analyzed using ANOVA models. Total CoP displacement was 45% greater (significant, p less than .05) when the subjects stood with their heads back and their eyes closed, as compared to standing looking straight ahead. Visual surrounds consisting of vertical visual cues resulted in less postural sway (PS) than surrounds made of horizontal visual cues (significant, p less than .05 for anteroposterior CoP range). Experimentally reduced visual acuity resulted in greater PS, while changes in ambient lighting and spatial frequency of visual cues affected PS minimally. These results suggest that a reduction in the height of shelving, and the provision of high-contrast visual cues and vertical geometric patterns are potential intervention strategies to optimize vestibular sensory input and visual orientational cues for the maintenance of stability during stance.
Athletes' experiences of the psychological effects of poor coaching

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the psychological effects of poor coaching reported by collegiate, professional and semi-professional athletes. Design The present study employs a qualitative research design. Existential phenomenology is a contemporary qualitative research method that seeks to describe lived experience. This research design provided the framework for understanding athletes’ effects of poor coaching. Method Participants (N = 16) were asked to describe their experiences of poor coaching. All responses were recorded, transcribed, and the data were analyzed through a series of iterations, which led to the identification of five themes that constitute the essence of athletes’ experiences with poor coaching. Results The five themes derived from athletes’ reports were: poor teaching by the coach, uncaring, unfair, inhibiting athlete’s mental skills, and athlete coping. Two of these themes, inhibiting athlete’s mental skills and coping, are closely connected to psychological constructs, and are presented in this paper. The theme of inhibiting athlete’s mental skills was made up of athletes’ descriptions of poor coaches as being distracting, engendering self-doubt, demotivating, and dividing the team. The theme of athlete coping describes how athletes responded to being poorly coached. Conclusions Researchers conclude that the two themes, inhibiting athlete’s mental skills and athlete coping, are related to several constructs in sport psychology literature such as motivation, self-efficacy, focus and concentration, team cohesion, and stress and coping. Instruction on coping skills is warranted for athletes dealing with poor coaching. Future research should also examine the relationship between coping skills and dropout in youth sport.
Preparation and antitumor activity of some schiff bases of 2′-Amino-4′, 5′-dichlorobenzenesulfonanilide and 2′-Amino-p-toluenesulfonanilide

Abstract Series of variously substituted salicylaldehyde Schiff bases and 2-substituted- p -[ N , N -bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzaldehyde Schiff bases of 2′-amino-4′, 5′-dichlorobenzenesulfonanilide and 2′-amino- p -toluenesulfonanilide have been prepared and screened for antitumor activity.None of the compounds showed appreciable activity against L-1210 leukemia.
Word Identification in Quiet and in Noise: A Re-examination

The purpose of the present investigation was to establish developmental norms for word identification in quiet and in white noise in a normally hearing pediatric population. A second purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of minor variations in noise level for word identification performance. Twelve children from each of four age groups (X age = 7.8, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.1 years) and 12 college students participated in Experiment 1. NU-6 half-lists were presented in quiet and in noise (S/N=0). Eleven college students, 7 ten-year-olds (X=10.0 years) for 5 twelve-year-olds (X=12.0 years) served as subjects for Experiment 2. These subjects listened to NU-6 words in quiet and in two noise conditions (S/N = 0 and S/N = +2). A factorial analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test revealed significant differences between subjects' performance in quiet and in each noise condition. No age effect was observed. Results are discussed within the context of: 1) stimulus materials; 2) calibration t...
The abundance of deuterium relative to hydrogen in interstellar space.

Copernicus satellite observations of the deuterium and hydrogen Lyman lines in the lines of sight to mu COl, gamma-2 Vel, alpha Cru AB, and alpha Vir AB are reported. Together with previously published data for beta Cen A, the results yield a value N(D)/N(H) of approximately 0.000018 (m.e.) or a total deuterium mass portion of approximately 0.000025. Values for all stars with their error bars are contained within a band ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 times the quoted mean ratio. These limits are probably representative of the region within 200 pc of the sun. The results for these stars are essentially independent of assumptions about the Doppler parameter describing the formation of the lines, although this value can be derived from the observations. The results are consistent with a maximum temperature of 6000 K for the lines of sight studied.
Four-wave mixing with partially coherent waves in photorefractive media. I. Transmission grating approximation

We investigate the effect of beam temporal coherence on four-wave mixing via transmission gratings in photorefractive media. We take into account the propagation of mutual coherence and self-coherence in space and the evolution of mutual coherence and self-coherence with time. Analytical solutions for nondepleted-pump cases and numerical results for general cases are obtained. We find that the mutual coherence of the signal beam and the pump beam can be enhanced or reduced, depending on the coupling constant and the beam ratio of the signal beam and the pump beam. A decrease of the initial mutual coherence can lead to a lower phase-conjugate reflectivity in the nondepleted-pump case. Even with low initial mutual coherence, high phase-conjugate reflectivity can still be obtained in the case with pump depletion. As a result of the shift of the grating profile, partial coherence can lead to an enhancement of the phase-conjugate reflectivity when the signal–pump-beam ratio is small. We also found that when the initial value of the phase-conjugate beam is zero, the phase-conjugate beam and the pump beam are in phase during propagation. Results for beam intensity and mutual coherence are presented and discussed to provide an insight into four-wave mixing with partially temporally coherent waves.
Third harmonic generation spectra of degenerate ground state poly(dipropargyl) amines

Abstract We report third harmonic generation (THG) studies on solution-cast thin films of two poly(dipropargyl) amines, poly(N-hexyl dipropargylamine) (PDPHA) and a salt derivative, poly(dipropargyl-N-hexyl-N-methylammonium triflate) (PDPHMAT), covering pump energies from 0.6 to 1.4 eV. The THG data show the simultaneous two- and three-photon resonance expected for degenerate ground state conjugated polymers at 0.68 eV for PDPHA and 0.73 eV for PDPHMAT. The peak values of the third-order susceptibility are 1.0 × 10−10 esu for PDPHA and 2.9 × 10−11 esu for PDPHMAT; off-resonance values are nearly an order of magnitude smaller.
Extended unified field theories: An SU(7) model

Abstract Seeking a theory which unifies strong and electroweak interactions, we propose an SU(7) model which provides an explanation to the flavor question while avoiding the introduction of a t quark. This model is found to be consistent with low energy phenomenology, including the reported decays B → J/Ψ Kπ, and to contain intermediate mass scales such that new physical processes may occur at levels subject to experimental verification.
A General Route Toward the Synthesis of the Cladiellin Skeleton Utilizing a SmI2-Mediated Cyclization

An efficient synthesis of the cladiellin skeleton is reported utilizing methods that were previously developed in this laboratory. The approach is based on a SmI2-mediated cyclization reaction for the construction of the oxacyclononane unit. A [4 + 3] annulation strategy was used to create the octahydroisobenzofuran moiety. This route provides the cladiellin skeleton in only 14 steps without the use of protecting groups. The present approach also enabled the synthesis of the 3,7-diastereomer of the natural product polyanthellin A.
Efficient coupling of multiple diode laser arrays to an optical fiber by geometric multiplexing.

Efficient coupling of three diode arrays to a multimode fiber has been demonstrated. Coupling of oυer 100 of these sources should be possible.
Revitalizing an Existing Honor Code Program

This article addresses academic integrity initiatives at a large research university. The article explains the rationale for the creation of the honor system office and its evolution to date. Data collected from academic violation cases during the program’s first two years are included.
Hot or Cold? Is Monothermal Caloric Testing Useful and Cost-Effective?

Objectives:Videonystagmography (VNG) is used widely in the assessment of balance dysfunction. The full test battery can be time-consuming and can induce patient discomfort. The purpose of this study was to examine the value of monothermal caloric testing in predicting unilateral caloric weakness, as well as abnormal VNG vestibular and nonvestibular eye movement, while considering the time and reimbursement associated with these tests.Methods:In a retrospective review of 645 patients who completed a comprehensive VNG test battery with bithermal caloric testing, we calculated the specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of monothermal caloric testing in relation to bithermal caloric results and noncaloric VNG results.Results:With unilateral vestibular weakness (UVW) defined as a 25% interear difference, warm-air monothermal caloric testing yielded a sensitivity of 87% and a negative predictive value of 90% for predicting UVW. With a 10% UVW definition, the warm-air caloric testing sensitivity increas...
A review of the structure, petrology, and dynamic deformation characteristics of some enigmatic terrestrial structures

Abstract We review three categories of enigmatic terrestrial structures that have a variety of macroscopic and microscopic dynamic deformation features. The first category includes the Midcontinent, United States cryptoexplosion structures. They are of shallow origin and illustrate the effects that might be expected from a meteorite impact on a sedimentary rock terrane. The second category includes the well known Vredefort and Sudbury plutons or basement uplifts; the lesser known Precambrian basement uplifts at Steen River, Manson, and Carswell; and the diatreme breccia dikes at the Slate Islands. They are of relatively deep seated origin and illustrate the effects that might be expected from deep crustal or mantle processes of an explosive nature. The third category includes the large landslides in areas of crystalline rocks at Koefels and Langtang. The dynamic deformation features at these latter locations appear to be related to high strain rate tectonic processes associated with the landslide itself. We conclude that microscopic dynamic deformation features which occur in natural materials may have originated from meteorite impacts, from internal explosions, or from high strain rate tectonic process.
Odor-mediated double-alternation responding: A multiple-baseline reversal demonstration

In a four-phase study with rats serving as subjects, a multiple-baseline technique was used to assess the relationship between runway behavior and odor cues. The results show that behavior was controlled more by the cue property of odor than by memory.
A Survey of the Cr‐Rich Area of the Cr‐Si‐C Phase Diagram

An investigation of the ternary phase diagram Cr‐Si‐C has been completed in the region . Phase boundaries have been established to an accuracy of ±2 a/o (atomic per cent). The extent of a ternary single‐phase region of approximate stoichiometry is established. Lattice parameter measurements of this phase show that all or nearly all C enters the structure at interstitial sites, rather than substitutionally as previously reported. Finally, the possibility of crystal growth from solutions of transition metal silicides is discussed.
Environment change, geographic migration and sickle cell anaemia

The classic model describing the interaction between sickle cell anaemia and malaria is one of the most notable achievements of population genetics. Nevertheless, only panmictic populations in steady environments have been studied theoretically to date. In this paper, environment change and geographic inhomogeneity are introduced. The rate of decrease of mutation after environment improvement is obtained. The kinetics of the spread of disease after the initial mutation, together with the genetic composition profile near the borders of malaria areas, are calculated. The results are compared with the empirical data on the mutation level in African and African-American populations. It is shown that the spread of disease and decrease in mutation are highly asymmetric: the mutation level increases exponentially and decreases much more slowly (as a power function). The mathematical and biological reasons for this behaviour are discussed.
Dissecting the genetic etiology of major depressive disorder using linkage analysis

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Studies suggest that recurrence, early onset and comorbid phenotypes define more genetically homogeneous sub-samples. The concordance of linkage findings in recent studies using such approaches is encouraging. Sex-specific analyses and broader phenotypes have also yielded interesting results. These findings indicate that future research should consider comorbid disorders and sex-specific analyses. However, this direction must be approached with caution, owing to the complex multiple-testing issues that arise when considering numerous related phenotypes. With appropriate interpretation, these findings indicate a new potential for positional cloning efforts to locate genes in consensus regions. Genes found might influence specific subtypes of MDD or broader phenotypes, leading to enhanced clinical characterization and management of MDD.
Protein aggregation in membranes

Abstract Recently, progress has been made in understanding further the theory of protein aggregation in membranes induced by membrane-mediated elastic deformation. Aggregation may occur when: (i) there is a mis-match in size of the hydrophobic part of the protein with the membrane thickness which leads to a non-monotonic force between proteins associated with the membrane deformation; (ii) the proteins induce a local change in membrane stiffness which couples to the thermal fluctuations of the membranes and engenders a van der Waals-like long range attraction which decays as r−4; (iii) the proteins act as gap junctions pinching together two membranes which are otherwise repelling one another, which produces logarithmic long range attraction which may, in turn, induce aggregation.
Non-ideal line shapes in gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract The effects of velocity and diffusion constant variation along the length of the gas chromatographic column and of the finite rate of mass transport between the moving and stationary phases are examined. Realistic variation of velocity and diffusion constant with pressure does not result in major changes in line shape. Decreasing the rate of adsorption and desorption results in the expected line broadening. The dependence of peak width upon gas inlet velocity is found to be in good agreement with the Van Deemter equation. Frontal analysis is examined, and the effects of varying mass transport coefficients on the shapes of the fronts is computed. The effects of finite sample injection time internal and of non-ideal Henry's law constants are also investigated for the case of pulse injection.
Innovation and Value

Electronic games might be a nascent field, but its potential and impact are growing at exponential rates, with the field highlighted frequently in publications, journals, conferences, and news sources. Likewise, as a media form, games have left the playground of the living room and entered arenas such as healthcare, government, education, marketing, public commentary, and artistic expression. The Internet's reach and the portability of mobile devices have made electronic games an outdoor experience again, now in the guise of alternative reality games or ARGs. This dynamic field poses salient questions about the relationship of standards to innovation, competition, and value. We must discover and determine the role standards will play in shaping the future of electronic games. Further, by examining the industry's current state, we can discern how standards can assist in the medium's progress.
DNA zip codes control an ancient mechanism for gene targeting to the nuclear periphery

In budding yeast, many inducible genes translocate to the nuclear periphery when activated. Sequence motifs have now been identified in promoters, which target genes to the nuclear periphery and contribute to gene activation
The relationship of sex-role orientation to self-perceived health status in middle-aged males

The purpose of this study was to determine how sex-role orientation was related to self-perceived health status among a group of middle-aged males. A nonprobability sample of 237 male volunteers between the ages of 40 and 59, of whom 88.7% were engaged in professional occupations, completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and two separate measures employed to assess self-perceived health status. As predicted, the results indicated that on both measures of self-perceived health status, the middle-aged men with a traditional male sex-role orientation or those in the masculine classification reported lower self-perceived levels of health than did males considered to be androgynous. In this sample of professional middle-aged males, an androgynous sex-role orientation was, therefore, associated with higher levels of self-perceived health than was a traditional male sex-role orientation. Finally, an unhypothesized finding was that the men in the undifferentiated category also evidenced lower levels of self-perceived health than males who were androgynous.