cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Store-operated Ca2+ entry in muscle physiology and diseases

Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and influx from extracellular reservoir regulate a wide range of physiological functions including muscle contraction and rhythmic heartbeat. One of the most ubiquitous pathways involved in controlled Ca2+ influx into cells is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is activated by the reduction of Ca2+ concentration in the lumen of endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Although SOCE is pronounced in non-excitable cells, accumulating evidences highlight its presence and important roles in skeletal muscle and heart. Recent discovery of STIM proteins as ER/SR Ca2+ sensors and Orai proteins as Ca2+ channel pore forming unit expedited the mechanistic understanding of this pathway. This review focuses on current advances of SOCE components, regulation and physiologic and pathophysiologic roles in muscles. The specific property and the dysfunction of this pathway in muscle diseases, and new directions for future research in this rapidly growing field are discussed. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(2): 69-79]
Collapsing Glomerulopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Extreme Form of Lupus Podocytopathy?

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) describes a pattern of glomerular injury, the main feature of which is severe injury to podocytes with loss of markers of differentiation, proliferation of podocytes and/or parietal epithelial cells filling Bowman’s space, and global or segmental collapse of the
On Enhancing WiMAX Hybrid ARQ: A Multiple-Copy Approach

One major challenge in broadband wireless access networks is to provide fast, reliable services to time-sensitive communications. We propose an enhanced hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme for the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX). The new scheme follows the multi-channel stop-and-wait chase combining HARQ adopted by WiMAX, yet it enables the base station (BS) to proactively react to poor channel conditions. The BS would send multiple copies of the same data burst to the subscriber station (SS) over the multiple HARQ channels available to the SS. We design a novel method which would determine the number of multiple copies needed based on the channel feedback. The new HARQ scheme effectively reduces the total time needed for a successful transmission. Simulation results show that, comparing with the original WiMAX HARQ, the new scheme significantly reduces the waiting time for a successful transmission by up to 45%, while maintaining a comparable level of throughput. This work is most significant for time-critical applications that need fast, reliable services, such as VoIP and other interactive uses.
A volumetrics thresholding algorithm for processing asphalt concrete X-ray CT images

This paper presents an automated digital image processing technique for capturing the microstructure of asphalt concrete (AC) from X-ray computed tomography images. It applies to circular cross-section images of AC cores of known volumetrics. Its innovation is that it uses the volumetric properties as the main criterion for establishing grey-level thresholds for the boundaries between air–mastic and mastic–aggregates. The algorithm, implemented in MATLAB™, involves three stages. The first stage involves image pre-processing for contrast enhancement and noise removal. The second stage is the main thresholding routine accepting as input the enhanced images of the first stage and volumetric information for the AC. It consists of two components, namely volumetrics-driven thresholding and 3D representation/sectioning. The third stage further enhances particle separation through edge detection and image segmentation. Examples were provided in imaging actual AC cores of known volumetric properties. The algorithm...
Developing a Genetic System in Deinococcus radiodurans for Analyzing Mutations

We have applied a genetic system for analyzing mutations in Escherichia coli to Deinococcus radiodurans, an extremeophile with an astonishingly high resistance to UV- and ionizing-radiation-induced mutagenesis. Taking advantage of the conservation of the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase among most prokaryotes, we derived again in D. radiodurans the rpoB/Rif(r) system that we developed in E. coli to monitor base substitutions, defining 33 base change substitutions at 22 different base pairs. We sequenced >250 mutations leading to Rif(r) in D. radiodurans derived spontaneously in wild-type and uvrD (mismatch-repair-deficient) backgrounds and after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and 5-azacytidine (5AZ). The specificities of NTG and 5AZ in D. radiodurans are the same as those found for E. coli and other organisms. There are prominent base substitution hotspots in rpoB in both D. radiodurans and E. coli. In several cases these are at different points in each organism, even though the DNA sequences surrounding the hotspots and their corresponding sites are very similar in both D. radiodurans and E. coli. In one case the hotspots occur at the same site in both organisms.
Motivation of Plateletpheresis Donors

Twenty randomly chosen voluntary plateletpheresis donors were interviewed in depth. Information on their family histories, past histories, present psychosocial adjustment, and history of blood donation was elicited. Most donors had a high level of commitment and drive to achieve, frequently related to low self-image dating from childhood. The act of platelet donation had several important meanings for the subjects. It improved their self-esteem, making them feel more worthy and responsible persons. It provided them with an opportunity to establish relationships with others. The data obtained in this survey suggest that the altruistic behavior of the voluntary donors should be seen both as an act of giving and also one of receiving emotional gratification which fulfills one's important psychological needs. Utilization of these data in recruitment of plateletpheresis donors is suggested.
The Nuit Blanche Pavilion; using the elasticity of polymers for a lightweight structure

The Nuit Blanche Pavilion is a recent project by Gernot Riether in collaboration with artist Damien Valero. The project takes advantage of an elastic behavior found in high-density elastomers to form a lightweight structure that integrates form, geometry and program in a single material system. Grasshopper and the finite element plug-in Karamba were used to optimize these interdependencies. This paper will describe the design of the project and elaborate on an aspect of Riether's research that uses digital technology to promote environmentally responsible materials and construction methods.
Indirect field-oriented control of induction machines based on synergetic control theory

Field-oriented control is one of the most significant control methods for high performance AC electric machines and drives. In particular, for induction machines, indirect field oriented control is a simple and highly reliable scheme which has essentially become an industry standard. This paper synthesizes and develops an indirect field-oriented speed control for induction motors based on synergetic control theory. Compared with the conventional PI control approach, our results show the speed controller based on synergetic control is more stable, robust and insensitive to system parameter variations. Effects of controller parameter variations on the system performance have also been studied.
Neurovascular coupling, cerebral white matter integrity, and response to cocoa in older people

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neurovascular coupling and cognitive function in elderly individuals with vascular risk factors and to determine whether neurovascular coupling could be modified by cocoa consumption. Methods: Sixty older people (aged 72.9 ± 5.4 years) were studied in a parallel-arm, double-blind clinical trial of neurovascular coupling and cognition in response to 24 hours and 30 days of cocoa consumption. Cognitive measures included Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test A and B. Neurovascular coupling was measured from the beat-to-beat blood flow velocity responses in the middle cerebral arteries to the N-Back Task. In a subset of MRI-eligible participants, cerebral white matter structural integrity was also measured. Results: Neurovascular coupling was associated with Trails B scores ( p = 0.002) and performance on the 2-Back Task. Higher neurovascular coupling was also associated with significantly higher fractional anisotropy in cerebral white matter hyperintensities ( p = 0.02). Finally, 30 days of cocoa consumption was associated with increased neurovascular coupling (5.6% ± 7.2% vs −2.4% ± 4.8%; p = 0.001) and improved Trails B times (116 ± 78 seconds vs 167 ± 110 seconds; p = 0.007) in those with impaired neurovascular coupling at baseline. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between neurovascular coupling and cognitive function, and both can be improved by regular cocoa consumption in individuals with baseline impairments. Better neurovascular coupling is also associated with greater white matter structural integrity.
Inequality, Institutions and Economic Growth in Latin America

This essay examines three recent historical approaches to the political economy of Latin America's relative economic backwardness. All three locate the origins of contemporary underdevelopment in defective colonial institutions linked to inequality. The contrasting view offered here affirms the significance of institutional constraints, but argues that they did not arise from colonial inequalities, but from the adaptation of Iberian practices to the American colonies under conditions of imperial weakness. Colonial inequality varied across the Americas; while it was not correlated with colonial economic performance, it mattered because it determined the extent of elite resistance to institutional modernisation after independence. The onset of economic growth in the mid to late nineteenth century brought economic elites to political power, but excluding majorities as inequality increased restrained the region's twentieth-century growth rates and prevented convergence.
Frame-level temporal calibration of video sequences from unsynchronized cameras by using projective invariants

This paper describes a new method for temporally calibrating multiple cameras by image processing operations. Existing multi-camera algorithms assume that the input sequences are synchronized either by genlock or by time stamp information and a centralized server. Yet, hardware-based synchronization increases installation cost. Hence, using image information is necessary to align frames from the cameras whose clocks are not synchronized. Our method uses image processing to find the frame offset between sequences so that they can be aligned. We track foreground objects, extract a point of interest for each object as its current location, and find the corresponding location of the object in the other sequence by using projective invariants in P/sup 2/. Our algorithm recovers the frame offset by matching the tracks in different views, and finding the most reliable match out of the possible track pairs. This method does not require information about intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, and thanks to information obtained from multiple tracks, is robust to possible errors in background subtraction or location extraction. We present results on different sequences from the PETS2001 database, which show the robustness of the algorithm in recovering the frame offset.
INEQUALITY AND U.S. SOCIETY

Among the advanced industrial nations, the United States has the most unequal distribution of income. Douglas Massey emphasizes that the purchasing power of households in the top five percent of the income distribution rose sharply from the early 1980s to 2000 while the purchasing power of those in the bottom twenty percent of the income distribution remained constant—proving a much larger economic gap between rich and poor households. This book summarizes an extensive array of studies from a variety of disciplines and cogently describes federal policies that promoted income disparity. Many sections of this book provide lucid information about the changing status of women, shifts in racial disparities, and the consequences of immigration from Mexico. It is not, however, a definitive book about inequality in this nation.
An introductory computer science course for all majors

The purpose of this paper is to relate experience we have had with our first course in computer science at the College of William and Mary. Like many other universities, we have had to deal with increased student demand from outside departments, differing levels of student mathematical maturity and problem solving skills, a variety of student goals, and a state legislature which will not allow the university to expand its faculty.
Lattice theories of chiral fermions

We present a Hamiltonian formulation for gauged nonanomalous chiral theories on a spatial lattice. The formulation has the desirable properties that it provides exact chiral symmetry in the massless limit, with a correct fermion spectrum and correct weak-coupling perturbation theory for QED. It can be generalized to non-Abelian theories. The disadvantage of the formalism is that it is complicated and nonlocal (on the lattice) and hence not easily implemented in practical calculations. However, it does provide an existence proof for a satisfactory chiral lattice gauge theory in the Hamiltonian formulation.
Alkaloids of Vinca rosea Linn. (Catharanthus roseus G. Don.) XII. Preparation and characterization of trace alkaloids.

The processing of this plant (1) for the four new oncolytic agents, vincaleukoblastine, leurosine, leurosidine, and leurocristine, has resulted in obtaining eight new companion dimeric alkaloids, these latter being obtained in yields of not more than 1.5 × 10−4 %. To date, a total of 24 new alkaloids have been reported from these laboratories. Procedural details and preliminary characterization of carosidine, carosine, pleurosine, neoleurosidine, vincarodine, catharicine, vindolidine, and neoleurocristine are described.
Mechanisms of Hippo pathway regulation

The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell-cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
The Impact of Multicore on Math Software and Exploiting Single Precision Computing to Obtain Double Precision Results

Summary form only given. Recent versions of microprocessors exhibit performance characteristics for 32 bit floating point arithmetic (single precision) that is substantially higher than 64 bit floating point arithmetic (double precision). Examples include the Intel's Pentium IV and M processors, AMD's Opteron architectures, the IBM's Cell processor and various GPUs. When working in single precision, floating point operations can be performed up to two times faster on the Pentium and up to ten times faster on the Cell over double precision. The motivation for this work is to exploit single precision operations whenever possible and resort to double precision at critical stages while attempting to provide the full double precision results. The results described here are fairly general and can be applied to various problems in linear algebra such as solving large sparse systems, using direct or iterative methods and some eigenvalue problems. There are limitations to the success of this process, such as when the conditioning of the problem exceeds the reciprocal of the accuracy of the single precision computations. In that case the double precision algorithm should be used
The Passing of Literary Traditions: The Figure of the Woman from Vietnamese Nationalism to Vietnamese American Transnationalism

(1997). The Passing of Literary Traditions: The Figure of the Woman from Vietnamese Nationalism to Vietnamese American Transnationalism. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 27-54.
From Spice to Film: Mediating Conflicts between Traditional and Contemporary Gender Roles Through Nollywood Video-Films

It used to be Igbo families in Nigeria at every opportunity sent cooking spices to relatives abroad. Recently, the spice parcels have included Nigerian video-films and most have themes that highlight tensions between traditional and contemporary gender roles. The Nigerian video-film phenomenon seems to have become a window into the lives of the Igbos and the public arena for debates in which conflicts between modern and traditional gender roles are centerpiece. Do video-films provide an arena used to affirm, negate, mediate and reshape gender roles? Do they act as scripts that reveal contemporary socio-economic and cultural issues? Using the ethnographic approach of contextualizing media productions, representations and consumption within the daily lives of the communities represented as well as the media producing communities, I analyze the video-film Widow, which portrays Igbo widowhood traditions and their effects on families. As I conduct my analysis, it is not my intention to debate womens rights or to pitch tradition against modernity. However, to the extent that tradition and modernity are so intertwined in the daily lives of Igbos and no clear dichotomy exists, this paper is an attempt to investigate how video- films affirm, negotiate and mediate conflicts between tradition and modernity.
"No Right Place to Die": Nursing Attitudes and Needs in Caring for People With Serious Mental Illness at End-of-Life.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 6% of the U.S. population suffer from a serious mental illness (SMI). People with SMI reportedly die 20 to 25 years earlier than the general population. OBJECTIVES: To explore both hospice/palliative care nurses’ and psychiatric/mental health nurses’ attitudes and needs toward people with SMI at the end-of-life. DESIGN: A qualitative study following a phenomenological approach was used to interview hospice/palliative care nurses and psychiatric nurses about the experience of caring for people with SMI at the end-of-life; a total of 20 nurses were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed and coded, and themes were identified. RESULTS: Six themes were identified: stigma of mental illness, effect of SMI symptoms on communication and trust, chaotic family systems, advocacy issues around pain and comfort, need for formal support, no right place to die. CONCLUSIONS: Participants discussed the need for better education and collaboration between psychiatric and palliative care nurses as wel...
Multipulse Three-Dimensional Alignment of Asymmetric Top Molecules

We show, by computation and experiment, that a sequence of nonresonant and impulsive laser pulses with different ellipticities can effectively align asymmetric top molecules in three dimensions under field-free conditions. By solving the Schr\"odinger equation for the evolution of the rotational wave packet, we show that the 3D alignment of 3,5 difluoroiodobenzene molecules improves with each successive pulse. Experimentally, a sequence of three pulses is used to demonstrate these results, which extend the multipulse schemes used for 1D alignment to full 3D control of rotational motion.
A case of Schnyder corneal dystrophy with crystals.

PURPOSE To report a rare corneal dystrophy and its common findings to help aid others in proper and early diagnosis and management. CASE REPORT A 56-year-old male patient presented with the concern of blurry vision in both eyes that has progressed over the last 10 years. Anterior segment examination revealed arcus with a central haze in both eyes and crystalline deposition in the right eye. A diagnosis of Schnyder corneal dystrophy was made based on clinical presentation. CONCLUSIONS Schnyder corneal dystrophy is rare but has different presentations and may actually be misdiagnosed. The clinical signs change as the patient ages causing a decrease in vision, which may necessitate referral for phototherapeutic keratectomy, penetrating keratoplasty or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The patient's systemic findings that correlate with the dystrophy need to be assessed and managed appropriately.
SOLUTION OF THE MOTION RULE OF TWO-OUTPUT IMPULSE MECHANISM

Two?output impulse mechanism is a new style of transmission mechanism of impulse stepless speed regulators. According to approach method of the bar length, the position, velocity and acceleration of two?output impulse mechanism includingIII grades were solved. The motion law of two rockers was studied with Working Model 3D software. The results of calculation indicated that two?output impulse mechanism has the good consistency and adjustable character. Then the working mode of two rockers was determined.
Epilogue: The Diaspora of the Rinascimento

In August of 1572, as the infamous slaughter known as the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre raged in France, in Lyon an Italian printer working in the city, Alessandro Marsigli, apparently took advantage of the uproar to murder an Italian merchant, Paolo Minutolo. Although the religiously driven massacres probably killed between ten and twenty thousand people, Paolo’s murder was not motivated by confessional differences. Rather, it seems that Alessandro hoped to use the murder of Minutolo, banned from Lucca, to win a pardon for his own crimes and to be allowed to return to Italy from exile. Alessandro’s hopes were apparently based on the fact that Italian governments regularly offered pardons to those who dispatched criminals who had fled and been placed under a ban. If that was Alessandro’s motivation, it was thwarted by the fact that the authorities in Lyon were not particularly enthusiastic about supporting Italian justice by overlooking murder in their city; for we know of his crime only because the authorities there prosecuted him, creating a trial record that Natalie Z. Davis cited in a footnote to her path-breaking book, Society and Culture in Early Modern France . Suggestively, in her many studies of Lyon in the sixteenth century Davis often referred to the Italians who were living in the city: silk workers, who had played an important role in founding the industry there and sustaining it; printers, who were signii cant in establishing the city as an important center of printing; bankers, who had helped make the city a major financial center; along with merchants of all types, lawyers, bureaucrats, and ecclesiastics.
Three new species of the wood roach, cryptocercus (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae), from the Eastern United States

Three new species of the wood roach, Cryptocercus (Blattodea: Cryptocerci dae), are described from the Appalachian mountains in the eastern United States. We base the species designation on consistent differences in the DNA sequence of the two mitochondrial rRNA genes and chromosome number. Until recently, it was assumed that all Cryptocercus in the eastern United States are conspecific. However, data on variation in DNA sequence and chromosome number from samples collected over much of the distribution of Cryptocercus in the eastern United States suggested the existence of at least four evolutionary lineages and forms the basis for the new species described here. In addition to describing the new species, we provide diagnostic characters, notes on the geographical distribution, and DNA sequence for the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene fragments of holotype specimens.
Hydrogen-induced ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Pt dichalcogenides

Electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of Pt dichalcogenide monolayers are investigated using first-principle calculations. We find that hydrogenation lifts the spin degeneracy in narrow antibonding Pt $5d$ subband electrons and transforms the nonmagnetic semiconductors $\mathrm{Pt}{X}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(X=\mathrm{S},\mathrm{Se},\mathrm{Te})$ into ferromagnetic metals, $\mathrm{Pt}{X}_{2}$-1H; neither strain nor thin-film edges are necessary to support the transition. The trend towards ferromagnetism is most pronounced for $X=\mathrm{S}$, decreasing with increasing atomic weight of the chalcogens.
Non-degenerate 2-photon excitation for fluorescence microscopy in scattering medium(Conference Presentation)

Non-degenerate 2-photon excitation of a fluorophore with two laser beams of different photon energies may offer independent degree of freedom in tuning of the photon flux (i.e., the power) for each beam. Wereport a practical demonstration that the emission intensity of a fluorophore excited in the non-degenerate regime in scattering medium is more efficient than the commonly used degenerate 2-photon excitation. In our experiments we use spatially and temporally aligned Ti:Sapphiremode-locked laser and optical parametric oscillator beams operating at near infrared (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) optical frequencies, respectively. The non-degenerate 2-photon excitation mechanism takes advantage of the infrared wavelengths used in 3-photon microscopy to achieve increased penetration depth, while preserving relatively high 2-photon excitation cross section, exceeding that achievable with the 3-photon excitation. Importantly, independent control of power for each beam implies that the flux requirement for the higher photon energy NIR beam, which experiences higher scattering in biological tissue, can be relaxed at the expense of increasing the flux of the lower photon energy SWIR beam which experiences lower scattering, thus promising deeper penetration with higher efficiency of excitation.Applications for in vivo brain imaging will be also discussed.
Calibration of the TonoVet and Tono-Pen Vet tonometers in the porcine eye.

Objective The pig has an increasingly important role in ocular drug delivery models, but the most accurate tonometer in this species is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of TonoVet and Tono-Pen Vet tonometers in the ex vivo porcine eye. Procedure Four freshly enucleated normal porcine eyes were cannulated with two 25-gauge needles; one connected via tubing to a mercury manometer calibrated continuous physiologic recorder and the other connected to a reservoir of lactated Ringer's solution on an adjustable stand. Triplicate IOP readings were taken with the TonoVet and then the Tono-Pen Vet at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 mmHg. Results Linear regression showed strong linear trends for both the TonoVet (r2 = 0.969) and Tono-Pen Vet (r2 = 0.983). The TonoVet slightly underestimated IOP at lower pressures and slightly overestimated IOP at higher pressures (y = 1.092x − 4.0, where y = tonometer reading, x = manometer reading, and 4.0 = intercept). The Tono-Pen Vet consistently underestimated IOP (y = 0.773x − 2.1). These differences were statistically significant (P = <0.001, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA). Conclusion As in other species, both the TonoVet and Tono-Pen Vet tonometers do not measure true IOP in the porcine eye; however, the TonoVet more closely approximated true IOP in the normal porcine eye than the Tono-Pen Vet and may be the tonometer of choice for this species.
The Emergy Perspective of Sustainable Trends in Puerto Rico from 1960 to 2013.

Abstract Emergy analysis quantifies the direct and indirect contributions of nature to human systems providing a sustainability assessment framework, which couples economic growth within biophysical constraints. In this study, Puerto Rico's sustainability was assessed with emergy flow dynamics from 1960 to 2013. During this period, the island shifted from an agriculture-based economy to an industrial base of manufacture and services (1960–1970). The emergy analysis indicated an exponential decline in sustainability during this period. From 1975 to 1992, the island became more industrialized and imported more goods and services. Since 1998, although more renewable production such as forest regeneration occurred, the rapid industrialization heavily relied on imported fossil fuels, goods, and services, resulting in a system that has not been self-sufficient, nor sustainable. The latest economic crisis and the most recently passed financial rescue bill represent an opportunity to redirect Puerto Rico towards a sustainable path with policies that decrease the ratio of imported y to exported emergy, and strategies that encourage efficient use of resources and local production based on the utilization of renewable sources within this U.S. territory.
Motivation, Internal and External

Change is hard. For this reason, motivation is critical to the success of psychotherapy. In this chapter we examine how motivation is influenced by internal and external forces. Motivation can come from wanting relief of pain or seeking greater pleasure. It can also come from a wish to make reality match values and ideals. Motivation is enhanced by hope, the belief that success is possible. It is strongly suppressed by any perception that efforts will be in vain. All of these inner forces can be influenced by culture, personal networks, family, and the therapist. Murray Bowen’s family systems theory helps understand the reactions of families. Some EDPs, such as addictions, eating disorders, and self-injury, can apply chemical rewards directly to motivational centers, raising the level of motivation required for change. The role of the therapist is complex. With some patients, a positive engagement is helpful, and, in other cases, it can cause problems.
If you want a quick kiss, make it count: How choice of syntactic construction affects event construal.

Abstract When we hear an event description, our mental construal is not only based on lexical items, but also on the message’s syntactic structure. This has been well-studied in the domains of causation, event participants, and object conceptualization. Less studied are the construals of temporality and numerosity as a function of syntax. We present a theory of how syntax affects the construal of event similarity and duration in a way that is systematically predictable from the interaction of mass/count syntax and verb semantics, and test these predictions in six studies. Punctive events in count syntax (give a kiss) and durative events in mass syntax (give advice) are construed as taking less time than in transitive frame (kiss and advise). Durative verbs in count syntax (give a talk), however, result in a semantic shift, orthogonal to duration estimates. These results demonstrate how syntactic and semantic structure together systematically affect event construal.
Scaramouche Goes to Preschool: The Complex Matrix of Young Children's Everyday Music.

This article examines everyday musical practices and their connections to young children’s learning and development, in and through music. It begins with a discussion of music learning in early childhood as a form of participation and levels of intention in learning. Next, conceptions of child that have dominated early childhood music education discourses are discussed, along with other factors that are known to influence children’s musical lives, such as spatiality, repertoires and the politics of participation. Three illustrative vignettes that stem from the author’s experience as an early childhood music educator and researcher are presented throughout the text. Implications for early childhood education are outlined at the end.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [BmMeBenz]2Ca(THF)2: Ca•••H–B interactions in a Sulfur-Rich Coordination Environment

The bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)hydroborato calcium compound,[BmMeBenz]2Ca(THF)2, may be obtained by the reaction of Ca(BH4)2•2(THF) with 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-thione. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the [BmMeBenz] ligands coordinate in a k3–S2H manner such that the calcium is eight-coordinate with a dodecahedral geometry that features two Ca•••H–B interactions.
Managing Countertransference in Correctional Treatment Settings: An Updated Perspective

ABSTRACTThe exploration of countertransference has been a topic typically reserved for the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic literature. However, regardless of theoretical orientation, correctional therapy clients often elicit strong reactions in their mental health practitioners, due to the level of psychopathology typically seen in this population, the crimes committed by these clients, and the presence of trauma within this population. We therefore argue that, whatever the theoretical orientation of the practitioner, therapists working in the correctional setting should take specific steps to manage their internal reactions to their clients. These steps should include consultation and supervision, familiarity with the ethical guidelines of working within the correctional environment, collaborating with other disciplines, and maintaining one’s own self-care. Finally, we argue that more empirical research is needed in this important topic area.
Responding to Diversity, 1964 to 2004: The US Struggle to Make Educational Opportunity a Reality:

This presentation describes US efforts to enhance educational opportunity for all of its citizens by ending segregation and expanding minority enrolment. It traces the history of these efforts from 1964 through 2004 and addresses the question of who was responsible for expanding minority enrolment and how this expansion was accomplished. Programmes to support minority admission, retention, and graduation are described, as well as instructional techniques for promoting learning among minority students.
Homelessness and De-Institutionalization

The nation faces a social problem caused by the discharge of chronic mentally ill patients to the ccmmmity through a process known as "deinstitutionalization." Frequently hcmeless, these individuals require many community supports and have aroused public sentiment. A review of current literature is used to validate these observations. The University of Connecticut has initiated a practicn training project to educate "case managers" in serving the hcmeless mentally ill. From an historical perspective, this study outlines the evolution of deinstitutionalization and the identification of treatnent models applied to this process.
Accuracy of physical working capacity (PWC170) in estimating aerobic fitness in children.

Physical working capacity, the workload at a heart rate of 170 bpm (PWC170), has been utilized as a marker of maximal oxygen uptake. The precision of PWC170 in predicting VO2max in children has not been fully evaluated. In this study, 35 children (18 boys and 17 girls, mean ages 10.5 and 9.9 years, respectively) underwent maximal cycle testing to assess the relationship between VO2max and PWC170. These measures correlated closely in absolute terms (r = 0.71 and 0.70 for girls and boys, respectively), but the relationship was weaker when both were expressed per kg body weight (r = 0.65 and 0.48, respectively). When VO2max was calculated from the regression equation of VO2max versus PWC170, the mean error from measured VO2max was 3.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 (SD 2.5) for the girls and 2.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 (SD 2.6) for the boys. These findings indicate that although mean predictability of VO2max from PWC170 is good, the variability is wide, with a 10-15% error at one standard deviation. PWC170 provides only a crude estimate of VO2max and should not be used to predict individual maximal aerobic power.
Documentation of PROSPER: a model of atmosphere-soil-plant water flow

lates atmosphere-plant-soil moisture relations on a day-to-day basis. The model is explained in detail, and a computer program of the model is listed. Computer output resulting from an application of PROSPER to a forested watershed is also presented. (auth)
Longitudinal Assessment of Case-Based Teaching in the Required Undergraduate Cost Accounting Course

A number of influential professional bodies have called recently for fundamental change in business education in this country. In accounting, some of the more notable challenges to educators are contained in the “Bedford Committee” report of the American Accounting Association (AAA, 1986), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Education Requirements for Entry into the Accounting Profession (AICPA, 1988), various position statements of the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) (e.g., 1990, 1992), and the “white paper” issued by the (then) Big Eight public accounting firms (Perspectives on Education, 1989).
Abnormal Semen Analysis

Interpretation of semen analysis (SA) results is an important skill for any clinician who cares for men with subfertility or testicular dysfunction. Confirmed SA abnormalities indicate the presence of male factor infertility, which occurs in 40–60% of subfertile couples, and guides subsequent evaluation and management. Male factor infertility is important to identify because it may be amenable to medical or surgical therapy, and because it may be the presenting symptom of occult health-threatening conditions such as hypogonadism or testicular cancer. Moreover, some causes of severe male factor infertility such as Y chromosome microdeletions and ­chromosomal translocations are ­genetically transmissible and may threaten the health or fertility of the patient’s potential offspring. Semen analysis should be performed according to standard protocol published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Each sample should be collected after an ejaculatory abstinence period of 2–5 days. Samples should be collected in wide-mouthed, sterile containers, maintained as close as possible to body temperature, and analyzed within 1 h. The semen sample is allowed to liquefy and is examined under wet mount light microscopy. The main parameters analyzed are ejaculate volume, pH, sperm concentration (sperm per mL), total sperm number (sperm per total ejaculate), sperm motility (% of sperm with any motility and % of sperm with forward progressive motility), and sperm morphology (% of morphologically normal sperm). Abnormalities of semen parameters are typically described using standard nomenclature (Table 1.1) based upon reference values published by the WHO (Table 1.2).
Adaptive Middleware for Distributed Sensor Environments

Distributed sensor environments are emerging as a feasible solution to various datacollection applications. However, energy constraints on sensor nodes, which areusually battery powered, hinder the successful deployment of such networks. Aproposed adaptive middleware framework for energy-aware information collectionin sensor networks will ensure overall application quality while reducingcommunication overhead.
An Adaptive Bandwidth Management Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose an adaptive bandwidth management scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks to optimize quality of service (QoS) and bandwidth utilization. The proposed scheme dynamically reserves and allocates bandwidth to different types of calls through implementing a neural network in order to balance handoff call dropping probability (HCDP) against new call blocking probability (NCBP). The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations and proved to be more efficient than the existing schemes.
Impact Analysis on the Interest Rate Futures Market

Any announcement from Federal Reserve has a huge impact on the interest rate markets. The press releases from the Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC) are one of the major inputs to the market. The liquidity and the versatility of the Eurodollar(ED) market provides traders the opportunity to hedge their interest risk through Eurodollar Futures. The ED market is highly correlated to the US Government short term (T-bill) interest rate market. To estimate the impact associated with the FOMC announcements, the random intervention model is used for an empirical study on the Interrest Rate Futures markets, using transaction data. The study shows that the market trading on the announcement day is different from the market trading on a reference day for both the ED and T-bill Futures markets.
Abstract 457: Feedback Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a Reductase in Livers of Mice

Introduction: HMG-CoA reductase is a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and nonste...
A nongenomic mechanism for “metalloestrogenic” effects of cadmium in human uterine leiomyoma cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental metal that is reported to be a “metalloestrogen.” Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are estrogen-responsive gynecologic neoplasms that can be the target of xenoestrogens. Previous epidemiology studies have suggested Cd may be associated with fibroids. We have shown that Cd can stimulate proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells, but not through classical estrogen receptor (ER) binding. Whether nongenomic ER pathways are involved in Cd-induced proliferation is unknown. In the present study, by evaluating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), ERα36, and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in human tissues, we found that GPER, ERα36 and phospho-EGFR were all highly expressed in fibroids compared to patient-matched myometrial tissues. In ht-UtLM cells, cell proliferation was increased by low doses of Cd (0.1 µM and 10 µM), and this effect could be inhibited by GPER-specific antagonist (G15) pretreatment, or silencing (si) GPER, but not by siERα36. Cd-activated MAPK was dependent on GPER/EGFR transactivation, through significantly increased phospho-Src, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression/activation. Also, phospho-Src could interact directly to phosphorylate EGFR. Overall, Cd-induced proliferation of human fibroid cells was through a nongenomic GPER/p-src/EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway that did not directly involve ERα36. This suggests that Cd may be a risk factor for uterine fibroids through cross talk between hormone and growth factor receptor pathways.
Emotional Regulation and Pediatric Behavior Health Problems

This chapter focuses on the role of emotion regulation in understanding and treating pediatric medical conditions, including emotional expressivity and coping with stress and emotions. A brief overview of emotional developmental milestones is provided to guide cognitive-behavioral interventions for youth coping with a range of medical conditions. Evidence-based CBT techniques that can be used with a pediatric population are discussed. Given the prominent role that parents play in shaping children’s emotion regulation abilities over development, the chapter also addresses parent emotion socialization practices and how parenting interventions may be enhanced by attending to emotion regulation.
TNFAIP8 Deficiency Exacerbates Acute Graft Versus Host Disease in a Murine Model of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant is an allo-reactive T cell and inflammatory cytokine driven organ injury with epithelial apoptosis as 1 of its hallmark findings and is associated with significant mortality. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE) acts as a negative mediator of apoptosis via inhibition of caspase-3 activation, promotes cell proliferation and Tipe deficiency is associated with increased inflammation. METHODS To evaluate the role of TIPE in acute GVHD, naive C57BL/6 and Tipe C57BL/6 mice were conditioned with 1000 cGy single dose total body irradiation, followed by transplantation of 10 million bone marrow cells and 20 million splenocytes from either syngeneic C57BL/6 or allogeneic BALB/c donors. RESULTS Allo TIPE-deficient mice developed exacerbated gut GVHD compared with allo controls and had significantly decreased survival (6 wk overall survival: 85% versus 37%; P < 0.05), higher clinical GVHD scores, more profound weight loss, increased serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-17A, TNF, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ). T-cell infiltration into the ileum was increased; epithelial proliferation was decreased along with significantly higher levels of chemokines KC and monokine induced by gamma interferon. Using bone marrow chimeric experiments, TIPE was found to have a role in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. CONCLUSIONS Absence of TIPE results in excessive inflammation and tissue injury after allo-HCT, supporting that TIPE confers immune homeostasis and has tissue-protective function during the development of gut GVHD and may be a potential future target to prevent or treat this complication after allogeneic HCT.
Decoding Natural Variation in Chloroplast Size

Chloroplasts, like their cyanobacterial ancestors, use binary fission to divide and generate new organelles. The origins of the division machinery stem from both the original eukaryotic host cell and the cyanobacterial endosymbiont ([Chen et al., 2018][1]). During chloroplast division, a contractile
Layered Feedback Control Improves Robust Functionality across Heterogeneous Cell Populations

Realizing homeostatic control of metabolites or proteins is one of the key goals of synthetic circuits. However, if control is only implemented internally in individual cells, cell-cell heterogeneity may break the homeostasis on populationlevel since cells do not contribute equally to the production or regulation. New control structures are needed to achieve robust functionality in heterogeneous cell populations. Quorum sensing(QS) serves as a collective mechanism by releasing and sensing small and diffusible signaling molecules for group decision-making. We propose a layered feedback control structure that includes a global controller using quorum sensing and a local controller via internal signal-receptor systems. We demonstrate with modeling and simulation that the global controller drives contributing cells to compensate for disturbances while the local controller governs the fail-mode performance in non-contributing cells. The layered controller can tolerate a higher portion of non-contributing cells or longer generations of mutant cells while maintaining metabolites or proteins level within a small error range, compared with only internal feedback control. We further discuss the potential of such layered structures in robust control of cell population size,population fraction and other population-dependent functions.
Security of Microfluidic Biochip: Practical Attacks and Countermeasures

With the advancement of system miniaturization and automation, Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) technology has revolutionized traditional experimental procedures. Microfluidic Biochip (MFB) is an emerging branch of LoC with wide medical applications such as DNA sequencing, drug delivery, and point of care diagnostics. Due to the critical usage of MFBs, their security is of great importance. In this article, we exploit the vulnerabilities of two types of MFBs: Flow-based Microfluidic Biochip (FMFB) and Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB). We propose a systematic framework for applying Reverse Engineering (RE) attacks and Hardware Trojan (HT) attacks on MFBs as well as for practical countermeasures against the proposed attacks. We evaluate the attacks and defense on various benchmarks where experimental results prove the effectiveness of our methods. Security metrics are defined to quantify the vulnerability of MFBs. The overhead and performance of the proposed attacks as well as countermeasures are also discussed.