cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muscle–tendon interface

One of the greatest challenges for skeletal muscle tissue engineering is the integration of the functional engineered muscle tissue with the native tissues of the recipient. Thus, reestablishing the myotendinous junction (MTJ) must be addressed by tissue engineering repair strategies. To date, current scaffold technologies are poorly suited for fabricating composite muscle and tendon tissues with a proper MTJ interface. Consequently, innovative strategies, including scaffoldless tissue constructs and multiphasic scaffolds, are being investigated to avoid these limitations. In this chapter, we discuss challenges presented to tissue engineers by the muscle–tendon interface, factors that must be considered in surmounting these obstacles, and advances toward replicating the muscle–tendon interface in recent tissue engineering research.
Multi-Scale Modelling of Long-Term Mechanical Behaviour in Polymer Composite Laminates with Woven Fibre Architecture

A comprehensive analytical model for predicting the long-term durability of polymers and polymer matrix composites should in general take into account polymer viscoelastic/ viscoplastic creep, hygrothermal effects, and the effects of physical and chemical ageing on material response. These effects, in turn are influenced by a multitude of factors such as polymer morphology, service temperature, ambient relative humidity, internal moisture concentrations, stacking sequence, fibre volume fraction, fibre architecture, applied stress level, degree of damage and ageing time. The primary objective of this paper is to present a multi-scale modelling methodology to simulate the long-term interlaminar properties in polymer matrix woven composites and then predict the critical regions where failure is most likely to occur. A micro-mechanics approach towards modelling the out-of-plane viscoelastic behaviour of a five-harness satin woven-fibre cross-ply composite laminate is presented, taking into consideration the weave architecture and time-dependent effects. In-plane properties are assumed to be dominated by the carbon fibres and are hence deemed elastic. The classical lamination theory model proposed by Raju and Wang is adapted to include the in-plane elastic behaviour of woven fibre composites. For the matrix-dominated out-of-plane response, a viscoelastic creep model is employed to model the resin, based on Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. In addition, physical ageing of the matrix has been included in the model, using the effective time theory proposed by Struik. Furthermore, the effect of large deflections and rotations on the time dependent out-of-plane behaviour is also investigated using the micro-mechanics model. The homogenized in-plane and out-of-plane compliance obtained using the proposed micro-mechanics methodology could be applied within the framework of a structural finite element code to model the macro-scale long-term behaviour of a woven fabric composite structure.
Does Drought Increase the Risk of Insects Developing Behavioral Resistance to Systemic Insecticides

Increases in severity and frequency of drought periods, average global temperatures, and more erratic fluctuations in rainfall patterns due to climate change are predicted to have a dramatic impact on agricultural production systems. Insect pest populations in agricultural and horticultural systems are also expected to be impacted, both in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions and in their status as pest species. In this opinion-based article, we discuss how indirect effects of drought may adversely affect the performance of systemic insecticides and also lead to increased risk of insect pests developing behavioral insecticide resistance. We hypothesize that more pronounced drought will decrease uptake and increase the magnitude of nonuniform translocation of systemic insecticides within treated crop plants, and that may have two concurrent consequences: 1) reduced pesticide performance, and 2) increased likelihood of insect pests evolving behavioral insecticide resistance. Under this scenario, pests that can sense and avoid acquisition of lethal dosages of systemic insecticides within crop plants will have a selective advantage. This may lead to selection for insect behavioral avoidance, so that insects predominantly feed and oviposit on portions of crop plants with low concentration of systemic insecticide. Limited research has been published on the effect of environmental variables, including drought, on pesticide performance, but we present and discuss studies that support the hypothesis described above. In addition, we wish to highlight the importance of studying the many ways environmental factors can affect, directly and indirectly, both the performance of insecticides and the risk of target insect pests developing resistance.
Tissue PO2 and arteriolar responses to metabolic stimuli during maturation of striated muscle

Tissue O2 tension (PO2) and small arteriolar diameter were measured in hamsters aged 32, 60, and 80 days. The cremaster muscle was isolated and superfused with a solution equilibrated with 0, 5, or 10% O2 stimulated to contract at 1 Hz. Resting muscle tissue PO2 was proportional to superfusate PO2 and was not different between age groups. The decrease in tissue PO2 during contraction was greatest in adult animals when the superfusate PO2 was low but was equal in all groups when the superfusate PO2 was high. Elevated superfusate PO2 was correlated with a vasoconstriction, the magnitude of which varied inversely with age. Resting and contraction-induced vascular diameter were largest in the youngest animals, relative to maximum diameter, but absolute resting and contraction-induced diameters were similar in all groups. We suggest that tissue PO2 at rest was similar because of an age-associated decrease in fiber O2 consumption to maintain a constant proportionality between O2 supply and demand. The relative stability of tissue PO2 during contraction in young animals might have reflected superior regulation. However, a simple numerical analysis predicts smaller tissue PO2 decreases during contraction in young animals because of short intercapillary distances and other altered O2 supply parameters, even if regulation had been identical in all age groups.
Patients with Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis (AL) Undergoing High Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) have Superior Outcomes As Compared to Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Abstract 600 Background: Both MM and AL are plasma cell neoplasms. The underlying clone in both diseases appears to be different not only in terms of “tumor burden” but also in terms of their underlying biology. The overall “fitness” of patients with these two diseases is also different, with AL patients having more major organ dysfunction. Therapy for both diseases is directed at killing the underlying clone. ASCT is one method of reducing the clone size and thereby improving overall survival. Post-ASCT outcomes between the two diseases have never been formally compared. Methods: We compiled all patients with a diagnosis of AL or MM who received ASCT at the Mayo Clinic Rochester between June 1996 and January 2011 to compare outcomes. Patients were retrieved from two prospectively maintained clinical transplant data bases (M.A.G.). Differences between groups were compared using Fisher9s exact and Wilcoxon tests. Survival was calculated using the method of Kaplan-Meier, and differences between survival outcomes were calculated by log rank. Cox regression modeling was done to determine how non-disease specific variables—i.e. age, time period of ASCT, number of prior regimens, time to ASCT from diagnosis and acquisition of complete response (CR)—affected outcomes. All statistical analyses were performed using JMP (SAS, NC) software. This study was approved by the Mayo IRB. Results: The data set was comprised of 454 patients with AL and 1116 patients with MM. There were significant differences between the two respective groups of patients in terms of number of prior regimens (0 vs 1, p , p , p Conclusion: Although ASCT is not available to all patients with either AL or MM, there is a significant difference in outcomes based on the diagnosis. Patients with AL who undergo ASCT enjoy a superior survival as compared MM patients undergoing the same procedure. This difference is most notable among those patients who achieve CR suggesting very different plasma cell biology between the two diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reduction Of Quantization Noise In Pulse Code Modulation Image Coding

A new technique to reduce the effect of quantization in pulse code modulation image coding is presented. The technique consists of Roberts's pseudonoise technique followed by a noise reduction system. The technique by Roberts effectively transforms the signal dependent quantization noise to a signal independent additive random noise. The noise reduction system that follows reduces the additive random noise. Some examples are given to illustrate the performance of the quantization noise reduction system.
A Holographic Micro-Velocimeter For Use In Studying Ocean Particle Dynamics

Laboratory measurements were made of the sizes, shapes, and settling speeds of microscopic ocean-type particles by recording sequential transmission holograms of clay aggregates and glass shot in a settling chamber. Density values for particles that were approximate spheroids were determined using a modified Stokes settling equation. The successful application to this problem of inexpensive, off-the-shelf components and low power, He-Ne lasers improves the feasibility of remote, in situ measurements of ocean particle settling dynamics.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Architecting Cyber-Secure, Resilient System-of-Systems

The DoD system-of-systems (SoS) relies heavily on cyberspace operations. The latter tend to be vulnerable to a variety of disruptions. These disruptions can be from within or outside the SoS. The ability to withstand disruptions is essential to maintaining a competitive edge in terms of freedom of maneuver afforded by cyberspace. Since impenetrable cyberspace capacity is implausible, architecting for cyber-resilience has become a national imperative. This paper explores the complexity of cybersecurity and ways to achieve cyber-resilience that is informed by cyber strategies and techniques developed within a model-based engineering framework.
High-Temperature Ecosystems

This chapter on thermal biodiversity considers the number and kinds of organisms that are found in the thermal systems and thermal vent communities of the world.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to QoE-Driven Resource Allocation for Spectrum Underlay in Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning-based technique for cognitive radio underlay dynamic spectrum access (DSA) that performs distributed joint multi-resource allocation to satisfy the primary link interference constraint and to maximize the secondary network performance, measured through the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) metric. The use of MOS as performance metric enables seamless integrated resource allocation of dissimilar traffic. The resource allocation problem is solved by utilizing a Deep Q- Network (DQN) algorithm, an advanced deep reinforcement learning approach, and a neural network to approximate the Q action-value function. Moreover, the learning process is improved by incorporating transfer learning to the learning procedure. Simulation results show that transfer learning reduces the number of iterations for convergence by approximately 25% and 72% compared to the DQN- algorithm without utilizing transfer learning and standard Q- learning, respectively.
Research in early Medieval Logic

What follows is a brief survey of recent research in early medieval logic and in particular a discussion of the most significant logical work that has come down to us from the eleventh century. Only published texts will be cited though some of the more important material on early medieval logic is to be found in recent unpublished dissertations.
The power to protect: household bargaining and female condom use

Use of technologies such as condoms must be agreed upon by both partners. In contexts where women have low bargaining power, many women may struggle to convince their partners to adopt. Introducing a version of the technology that is second-best from a social planner’s perspective, but more acceptable to men, may therefore improve adoption and welfare. We evaluate a field experiment introducing female condoms in the slums of Maputo, Mozambique. Female condoms offer marginally lower protection and higher unit cost than male condoms — which are already widely available — but lower discomfort and stigma to men. As predicted by our model, we find strongest adoption among women with low household bargaining power. The main margin of adoption is therefore from women previously having unprotected sex, rather than women substituting away from male condoms. We also observe an increase in the number of sex acts. A cost-benefit analysis shows how free provision of female condoms could be cost-effective. The findings highlight how policy should take into account the distribution of the costs and benefits of technology adoption, and of bargaining power, within the household
Map based discovery of hydrologic data in the HydroShare collaboration environment

Abstract Data discovery refers to the process of locating pre-existing data for use in new research. In the HydroShare collaboration environment for water science, there are more than twenty kinds of data that can be discovered, including data from specific sites on the globe, data corresponding to regions on the globe, and data with no geospatial meaning, such as laboratory experiment results. This paper discusses lessons learned in building a data discovery system for HydroShare. This was a surprisingly difficult problem; default behaviors of software components were unacceptable, use cases suggested conflicting approaches, and crafting a geographic view of a large number of candidate resources was subject to the limits imposed by web browsers, existing software capabilities, human perception, and software performance. The resulting software was a complex melding of user needs, software capabilities, and performance requirements.
Fabrication of Miniaturized Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as cost-effective and portable platforms for point-of-care assays. A fundamental limitation of microPAD fabrication is the imprecise nature of most methods for patterning paper. The present work demonstrates that paper patterned via wax printing can be miniaturized by treating it with periodate to produce higher-resolution, high-fidelity microPADs. The optimal miniaturization parameters were determined by immersing microPADs in various concentrations of aqueous sodium periodate (NaIO4) for varying lengths of time. This treatment miniaturized microPADs by up to 80% in surface area, depending on the concentration of periodate and length of the reaction time. By immersing microPADs in 0.5-M NaIO4 for 48 hours, devices were miniaturized by 78% in surface area, and this treatment allowed for the fabrication of functional channels with widths as small as 301 µm and hydrophobic barriers with widths as small as 387 µm. The miniaturized devices were shown to be compatible with redox-based colorimetric assays and enzymatic reactions. This miniaturization technique provides a new option for fabricating sub-millimeter-sized features in paper-based fluidic devices without requiring specialized equipment and could enable new capabilities and applications for microPADs.
High Capacity VCSEL Links

Recent advances and remaining challenges for high capacity VCSEL based links are reviewed. A path to 800Gbps and greater single fiber links is described.
Computer Simulations of Electrokinetic Sample Manipulations in Microfluidic Devices

Sample injection is one of the sample manipulations steps used in microfabricated fluidic devices. One particular type of electrokinetic injection, a gated injection technique,1 was studied by means of computer modeling. Computer simulations were based on the mathematical model described earlier.2 Experimental data such as concentration distribution and sample detector signal compared against simulation results demonstrated good agreement. Particular attention was paid to possible sample leakage during the sample loading step.
Cubic Splines and Additive Models

Statistical models commonly assume that the relation between a predictor and a criterion can be described by a straight line. This assumption is often appropriate, but there are times when abandoning it is warranted. Under these circumstances, we have two choices: adapt a linear model to accommodate nonlinear relations (e.g., transform the variables; add cross product terms) or use statistical techniques that directly model nonlinear relations.
Design-For-Safety For Automotive IC Design: Challenges And Opportunities

As the automotive industry marches towards higher level of autonomous driving, the design supply chain is shaping up to support a great level of complexity and new requirements, such as Functional Safety, that have not been traditionally part of the design/verification/implementation flow. The full automation supported in EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools for traditional metrics has not yet reached maturity for the new safety metrics and is a green field of innovation very much needed to holistically enable the development of semiconductors for autonomous driving. This paper introduces the requirements to Design-For-Safety, it presents some of the challenges and opportunities for flow automation, and it also reviews commonalities and differences between the Digital and Analog/Mixed-Signal (A/MS) flows.
What Early Intervention Looks Like in Child Care Settings: Stories From Providers:

As more families enroll their infants and toddlers with disabilities in child care programs, early intervention (EI) services are being delivered in these natural environments. This article present...
Transfinite Meta-inferences

In Barrio et al. (Forthcoming) Barrio Pailos and Szmuc prove that there are systems of logic that agree with classical logic up to any finite meta-inferential level, and disagree with it thereafter. This article presents a generalized sense of meta-inference that extends into the transfinite, and proves analogous results to all transfinite orders.
Problematic Mobile Phone and Smartphone Use Scales: A Systematic Review

The popularity of smartphones is undeniable in nearly all facets of society. Despite the many benefits attributed to the technology, concern has grown over the potential for excessive smartphone use to become problematic in nature. Due to the growing concerns surrounding the recognized and unrecognized implications of smartphone use, great efforts have been made through research to evaluate, label and identify problematic smartphone use mostly through the development and administration of scales assessing the behavior. This study examines 78 existing validated scales that have been developed over the past 13 years to measure, identify or characterize excessive or problematic smartphone use by evaluating their theoretical foundations and their psychometric properties. Our review determined that, despite an abundance of self-report scales examining the construct, many published scales lack sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, there is a lack of research supporting the theoretical foundation of many of the scales evaluated. Future research is needed to better characterize problematic smartphone use so that assessment tools can be more efficiently developed to evaluate the behavior in order to avoid the excessive publication of seemingly redundant assessment tools.
Lithium Toxicity in Two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease, which is currently causing a devastating pandemic resulting in more than millions of infected cases worldwide. Emerging evidence reports the impact of several co-morbidities on the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19. However, the evidence regarding the association of mental health illnesses and psychiatric treatment on the prognoses of COVID-19 is still lacking. Lithium is a commonly prescribed psychiatric medication that is also well known for its highly lethal toxicity. Many factors can fluctuate the level of lithium, such as drug interaction, illness, and infection. Prompt recognition and management of lithium intoxication is required to reduce patients' morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no report regarding COVID-19 and lithium toxicity. Herein, we are presenting two patients with COVID-19 who initially presented with signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. Our cases emphasize the need for special attention in taking care of patients who are taking lithium during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, we recommend obtaining lithium levels in all patients who have been taking lithium and have the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Consistency Penalized Graph Matching for Image-Based Identification of Dendritic Patterns

Recently, physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have received considerable attention from the research community due to their potential use in security mechanisms for applications such as the Internet of things (IoT). The concept generally employs the fabrication variability and naturally embedded randomness of device characteristics for secure identification. This approach complements and improves upon the conventional cryptographic security algorithms by covering their vulnerability against counterfeiting, cloning attacks, and physical hijacking. In this work, we propose a new identification/authentication mechanism based on a specific implementation of optical PUFs based on electrochemically formed dendritic patterns . Dendritic tags are built by growing unique, complex, and unclonable nano-scaled metallic patterns on highly nonreactive substrates using electrolyte solutions. Dendritic patterns with 3D surfaces are technically impossible to reproduce, hence they can be used as the fingerprints of objects. Current optical PUF-based identification mechanisms rely on image processing methods that require high-complexity computations and massive storage and communication capacity to store and exchange high-resolution image databases in large-scale networks. To address these issues, we propose a light-weight identification algorithm that converts the images of dendritic patterns into representative graphs and uses a graph-matching approach for device identification. More specifically, we develop a probabilistic graph matching algorithm that makes linkages between the similar feature points in the test and reference graphs while considering the consistency of their local subgraphs. The proposed method demonstrates a high level of accuracy in the presence of imaging artifacts, noise, and skew compared to existing image-based algorithms. The computational complexity of the algorithm grows linearly with the number of extracted feature points and is therefore suitable for large-scale networks.
Neutron Transmutation Doping of GaAs

Thirty years ago, Cleland, Lark-Horovitz and Pigg1 carried out the first transmutation doping and showed that it is a convenient and highly reproducible method for introducing a homogneous distribution of dopants into certain semiconductors. This work was continued by Fritzsche et al.,2 Cuevas,3 and others4 who made a detailed investigation of the electronic transport properties of transmutation doped Ge down to He temperatures. The method was applied to Te by Kuehnel et al.5 and is now widely used in the manufacture of Si devices.
Remaining Driving Range Estimation Framework for Electric Vehicles in Platooning Applications

Range anxiety has been one of the largest issues for battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption. Accurate estimation of EV remaining driving range (RDR) can alleviate this issue by informing drivers of appropriate timings and energy needed to propel their EVs to meet their needs, particularly during a long trip. Vehicle platooning with a short inter-vehicle distance has demonstrated significant energy saving benefits on high-way operation by reducing aerodynamic drag force. On the other hands, vehicle platooning also introduces uncertainties to aerodynamic drag coefficient estimation and model-based RDR estimation algorithms. Therefore, it is a challenging task to precisely estimate the RDR for EVs in vehicle platoon. This work proposes a novel EV RDR estimation method that integrates the real-time estimation of aerodynamic drag coefficient and the operation mode from advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) or platooning into a physics-based EV model to improve RDR estimation accuracy in highway operation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimation method can potentially reduce EV RDR estimation errors when compared to the baseline EV RDR estimation method which is based on historical data.
Impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from acrylic double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) on metals found in cultural heritage environments

Abstract An artificial aging protocol known as the Oddy test was combined with headspace solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data to identify which of 17 double-sided acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were safest to use in cultural heritage environments. Traditional Oddy testing showed every PSA corroded lead coupons while 1 also corroded copper and silver coupons. 10 PSAs were suitable for short-term use near cultural heritage artifacts while the remaining 7 were unsuitable. An adapted Oddy test identified whether several known acrylic-based adhesive precursor chemicals, including ethyl acrylate, n‑butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and abietic acid caused the observed corrosion. Lead coupons were extremely sensitive to acrylic acid, with a 5 × 10−5 mg L-1 Oddy test jar concentration capable of initiating corrosion at 60 °C and 50% RH. SPME GC–MS showed that any evidence of acrylic acid or acetic acid with peak areas larger than 19 million were both markers for unsuitable PSAs. 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was less reactive to metals though a GCMS peak area greater than 200 million was correlated with unsuitable PSAs. 3M™ 465, 3M™ 908, and Tesa® 88,250 tapes were concluded to be the best double-sided PSAs for use in cultural heritage environments.
Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 naturally infected and vaccinated individuals in an inner-city emergency department

Background Emergency Departments (EDs) can serve as surveillance sites for infectious diseases. Our purpose was to determine the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among patients attending an urban ED in Baltimore City. Methods Using 1914 samples of known exposure status, we developed an algorithm to differentiate previously infected, vaccinated, and unexposed individuals using a combination of antibody assays. We applied this testing algorithm to 4360 samples ED patients obtained in the springs of 2020 and 2021. Using multinomial logistic regression, we determined factors associated with infection and vaccination. Results For the algorithm, sensitivity and specificity for identifying vaccinated individuals was 100% and 99%, respectively, and 84% and 100% for naturally infected individuals. Among the ED subjects, seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 increased from 2% to 24% between April 2020 and March 2021. Vaccination prevalence rose to 11% by mid-March 2021. Marked differences in burden of disease and vaccination coverage were seen by sex, race, and ethnicity. Hispanic patients, though 7% of the study population, had the highest relative burden of disease (17% of total infections) but similar vaccination rates. Women and White individuals were more likely to be vaccinated than men or Black individuals (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 1.35 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.80] and aOR 2.26 [95% CI: 1.67, 3.07], respectively). Conclusions Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be differentiated from vaccinated individuals using a serologic testing algorithm. SARS-CoV-2 exposure and vaccination uptake frequencies reflect gender, race and ethnic health disparities in this urban context. Summary Using an antibody testing algorithm, we distinguished between immune responses from SARS-CoV-2-infected and vaccinated individuals. When applied to blood samples from an emergency department in Baltimore, disparities in disease burden and vaccine uptake by sex, race, and ethnicity were identified.
Population Activity In The Control of Movement

This chapter discusses the key observations and concepts concerned with the role of neuronal populations in the specification and control of the direction of movement and isometric force. The chapter investigates the neural mechanisms of spatially directed motor output, including reaching movements and isometric forces exerted by the arm, and focuses on the neural coding of the direction of the motor output, be it movement or isometric force. The broad directional tuning indicates that a given cell participates in the movements of various directions and that a movement in a particular direction involves the activation of a whole population of cells. On the basis of these findings, the rotation of an internal representation of the directional motor intention is hypothesized and then, with the same task, the hypothesized rotation in the rotation of the population vector is directly visualized in the chapter.
Message confidentiality testing of security protocols: passive monitoring and active checking

Security protocols provide critical services for distributed communication infrastructures. However, it is a challenge to ensure the correct functioning of their implementations, particularly, in the presence of malicious parties. We study testing of message confidentiality – an essential security property. We formally model protocol systems with an intruder using Dolev-Yao model. We discuss both passive monitoring and active testing of message confidentiality. For adaptive testing, we apply a guided random walk that selects next input on-line based on transition coverage and intruder's knowledge acquisition. For mutation testing, we investigate a class of monotonic security flaws, for which only a small number of mutants need to be tested for a complete checking. The well-known Needham-Schroeder-Lowe protocol is used to illustrate our approaches.
3D-enabled customizable embedded computer (3DECC)

This paper describes a 3D computer architecture designed to achieve the lowest possible power consumption for “embedded applications” like radar and signal processing. It introduces several unique concepts including a low-power SIMD tile, low-power 3D memories, and 3D and 2.5D interconnect that is circuit switched so it can be tuned at run-time for a specific application. When conservatively projected to the 7 nm node, simulations of the architecture show potential for exceeding 75 GFLOPS/W, about 20x better than today's CPUs and GPUs. This translates to 13 pJ/FLOP. This paper will focus on the 3D specific aspects of the design. This architecture is highly suited to DSP and multimedia workflows.
Non-Continuous Translation of Coat Protein and Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase Cistrons in MS2 Bacteriophage Ribonucleic Acid

In an MS2 phage ribonucleic acid (RNA)-directed in vitro protein-synthesizing system, the coat protein cistron and the adjacent RNA polymerase cistron are translated non-continuously. The ribosomes which have completed the synthesis of coat protein dissociate from the MS2 RNA and do not read through the intercistronic gap. Translation of the adjacent RNA polymerase cistron requires ribosomes other than those translating the coat protein cistron.
All-optical demultiplexer/inverter using a semiconductor laser amplifier in a single-arm interferometer

Summary form only given. We present the first demonstration, we believe, of all-optical switching using a semiconductor nonlinearity in a single arm interferometer (SAI). The SAI is insensitive to long-lived nonlinearities and, with a minor modification, allows for generalized logic functions without the use of an additional control stream. We have demonstrated a 10-Gb/s demultiplexer and inverter using an semiconductor laser amplifier in a SAI. Bit-error-rate measurements have been performed and power penalties of 1.7 dB and 3 dB were obtained for demultiplexing and inverting, respectively. We are investigating the scalability of this device to higher rates.
Composite Temporal Events in Active Database Rules: A Logic-Oriented Approach

Several database systems support active rules, and are currently being extended with languages for detecting complex patterns of temporal events. These languages have used for their definition and implementation, an assortment of formalisms ranging from Finite-State Machines, to Petri Nets and Event Graphs. In this paper, we show that the semantics of deductive databases supply a more general and complete basis for the definition of such languages. In fact, we develop a model, whereby an active rule with a composite event part can be viewed as an equivalent set of Datalog1S rules. We use this approach to provide the complete formal specification of the EPL system developed at UCLA and we demonstrate its generality by modeling concepts and constructs of other systems.
Current techniques in biomedical electron microscopy.

Publisher Summary The rate of development of preparative and technical procedures used in electron microscopy has been remarkably rapid. This has enabled the publication of extremely fine-textured electron micrographs in which the orderly nature and arrangement of the constituents making up the image is evident. This strongly suggests that substantial progress is being made in approaching the goal of obtaining morphological evidence of the in vivo organization of cells. Improvements in the quality of micrographs have been due to the introduction of new fixatives, embedding media, and stains as well as to the development of new microtomes. These recent developments have been reviewed in the chapter with a discussion of the preparative techniques currently being used. In addition, the specialized techniques, such as the application of histochemical, autoradiographic, and immunochemical methods to studies on the subcellular level have been discussed too. The problems relative to exploiting the full potential of current commercial electron microscopes have been reviewed also in the chapter.
Service Learning and the Capstone Experience

This paper is based on a senior-level course that uses experiential learning techniques to assess student learning outcomes (SLOs) as part of the assessment process required for the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). Three options that provide evidence of the SLOs are business simulations, case study analysis, and a service learning project with a research paper. The simulation project had been used in the past at the undergraduate level and is currently in place in a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) assessment program. The undergraduate program also explored case study analysis, but recently employed the service learning project with a research paper. This study analyzes the results of this learning strategy by using a follow-up survey that rates the student on 20 categories of character using the Service Learning Benefits (SELEB) scale (Toncar et al. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 14(3), 223–238, 2006). Business and economic majors at colleges and universities are being challenged to create learning experiences outside the classroom. This allows the student to participate in experiences that may be used as “resume builders” and networking opportunities. The project analyzed is a one credit course that each graduating senior completes in teams of four students. Results indicate that students rate personal responsibility, communication skills and leadership skills highest in this service learning experience. Additionally, students’ perceptions of the learning experience have improved since the program’s inception.
Rumex and Polygonum in Colombia

Rumex and Polygonum, of the family polygonaceae, occur in some abundance both in Colombia and in the United states, and this paper is an attempt to correlate a study of the Colombian plants with what has been observed in the United states. Through the courtesy of Dr. William R. Maxon, Curator, the facilities of the United states National Herbarium have been made available, and this work has been financed by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation of Madison, Wisconsin. The writer's collections and field observations were made in Colombia from March to December, 1944, during such times as would not interfere with his work for the Colombian Cinchona Mission. Mr. E. P. Killip, Dr. F. R. Fosberg and Mr. Joseph Ewan have given me the benefit of their experience in South American botany to make a number of helpful suggestions.
Homicide rate as a predictor of traffic fatality rate.

Background: In the United States, traffic fatality rates per distance driven vary greatly from state to state, with the maximum rate being 2.9 times the minimum rate. This study was designed to examine factors associated with this variability. Method: A multiple regression was performed on the 2006 state data. The dependent variable was the fatality rate per distance driven. There were 10 independent variables. Results: The analysis identified seven statistically significant factors: homicide rate per capita (used in the analysis as a proxy for aggression), physicians per capita, safety-belt usage rate, proportion of male drivers, proportion of drivers over 64 years of age, income per capita, and deaths caused by alcohol-related liver failures per capita (a proxy for the extent of intoxicated driving). These seven factors accounted for 71 percent of the variance in the traffic fatality rates. The strongest predictor of the traffic fatality rate was the homicide rate. Conclusion: This finding suggests that...
High resolution imaging analysis of CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) using Cs-corrected HR-TEM/STEM

CdSe/ZnS core–shell structured nano-crystal quantum dots (QDs) are ideal candidates for light-emission applications due to their high quantum efficiency, narrow-band, and particle-size-tunable photoluminescence. In particular, their small size results in the quantum confinement of semiconductor nano-crystals, which widens their energy gaps. In general, high resolution imaging analyses of QDs using a transmission electron microscope are very difficult due to their significantly small size. Successful imaging depends on the capabilities of TEM equipment and the contrast of the QDs sample relative to the supporting film. In this work, all imaging analyses were performed on a TEM equipped with a probe Cs corrector. The samples for observing QDs were prepared by drying each QDs solution on a lacey carbon Cu (300 mesh) grid previously coated with an ultra-thin graphene monolayer (thickness = 0.3 nm), due to the need to minimize the effect of the supported film.
Fermentation of swine wastewater-derived duckweed for biohydrogen production

Abstract Duckweed harvested from a swine wastewater treatment system was evaluated for its potential as a fermentation feedstock for the production of biohydrogen. The effects of pretreatment and fermentation conditions on biohydrogen production were investigated in laboratory-scale batch experiments. The results showed that mild acidic thermal pretreatment (1% H2SO4 and 85 °C for 1 h) was more effective in improving the fermentability of duckweed than either thermal or mild alkaline thermal pretreatments. Fermentation of acid-pretreated duckweed resulted in a biohydrogen production of up to 75 mL H2 per g dry duckweed in 7 days (at a H2 concentration of 42%), which is comparable with other plant biomass. Overall, the results show that small aquatic plants such as duckweed can be promising substrate for biohydrogen production.
SOME EFFECTS OF ULTRASONIC RADIATION ON NORMAL TISSUES.

Abstract Lesions can be produced in many different tissues with ultrasonic irradiation at intensities varying from 1 to 3 watts/sq cm for periods of 1 to 15 minutes. The higher the intensity and the longer the duration of treatment, the more severe were the lesions. Focused ultrasound waves of 37.5 total watts for 5 to 15 minutes produced localized areas of necrosis in liver. Other histologic lesions produced by various intensities and durations of treatment included necrosis, inflammation and edema of skin, subcutaneum, and muscle; degeneration, necrosis and giant cell reaction in testis; necrosis, ulcers, inflammation and hemorrhage in the intestines; and necrosis of bone and hyaline droplet change in renal tubular epithelium. Cavitation, probably due to the accumulation of bubbles of gas, was not observed in livers or other tissues of living animals that were treated. The change was produced in the livers of animals treated in situ after death and in livers removed from the body and treated.
ASSESSING INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION IN COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

One of the primary incentives to state governments to participate in the national coastal zone management program is the legal requirement that federal resources use activities as well as federal projects and federally permitted activities that affect state ocean and coastal areas must be consistent with federally-approved state coastal programs. The “consistency provisions” are among the most innovative attempts to insure intergovernmental coordination in resource management. In assessing the implementation of the consistency provisions, we find that this legal requirement has led to the development of a variety of formal and informal collaborative mechanisms for intergovernmental coordination in ocean and coastal management. While these mechanisms have led to the resolution of the vast majority of federal-state conflicts in coastal areas some important federal-state conflicts have not been resolved. This has more to do with the character of these particular conflicts than the general effectiveness of the mechanisms for collaboration that have been established.
Graph theoretic foundations of pathfinder networks

Abstract This paper is primarily expository, relating elements of graph theory to a computational theory of psychological similarity (or dissimilarity). A class of networks called Pathfinder networks (PFNETs) is defined. PFNETs are derived from estimates of dissimilarity for pairs of entities. Thus, PFNETs can be used to reveal aspects of the structure inherent in a set of pairwise estimates of dissimilarity. In order to accommodate different assumptions about the nature of the measurement scale (i.e. ordinal, interval, ratio) underlying the data, the Minkowski r-metric (also known as the L norm) is adapted to computing distances in networks. PFNETs are derived from data by: (1) regarding the matrix of dissimilarities as a network adjacency matrix (the DATANET); (2) computing the distance matrix (or r-distance matrix using the Minkowski r-metric) of the DATANET and (3) reducing the DATANET by eliminating each arc that has weight greater than the r-distance between the nodes connected by the arc. PFNET properties of inclusion, relation to minimal spanning trees, and invariance under transformations of data are discussed.
Dietary CLA-induced Lipolysis Is Delayed in Soy Oil-Fed Mice Compared to Coconut Oil-Fed Mice

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to cause a reduction in obesity in several species. CLA-induced body fat loss is enhanced when mice are fed coconut oil (CO) and involves increased lipolysis. The objective of this paper was to determine if the CLA-induced lipolysis in mice fed with different oil sources was time-dependent. Mice were fed 7 % soybean oil (SO) or CO diets for 6 week and then supplemented with 0 or 0.5 % CLA for 3, 7, 10 or 14 days. Body fat and ex-vivo lipolysis was determined. Body fat was reduced by CO on day 7 (P < 0.01) and in both CO and SO-fed mice (P < 0.05) in response to CLA on d14. Lipolysis was increased by CLA in CO-fed mice (P < 0.01) but not in SO-fed mice on day 7 and 10, but on day 14 CLA increased lipolysis in both CO- and SO-fed mice (P < 0.001). Expression and activation level of proteins involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis was determined by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. No significant differences were detected in protein expression. CO-fed mice had greater fatty acid synthase and stearyl CoA desaturase 1 mRNA expression and less acetyl CoA carboxylase mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Sterol regulatory binding protein 1c was decreased by CLA in CO-fed mice and increased in SO-fed mice (P < 0.05). Malic enzyme expression was increased by CLA (P < 0.001) and CO (P < 0.01). Therefore, CLA-induced lipolysis occurs more rapidly in CO vs SO-fed mice and lipogenesis is decreased in CO-fed mice with CLA supplementation.
Ecology and ordinality in invention: an exploratory study.

A review of literature on environmental complexity, biographic works on inventors, and even the etymology of ecology (Greek oikos or house) generated the hypothesis that inventors, more than noninventors, would have spent a significant part of their lives in a 2-story home. Further, inventors would be overrepresented by firstborns. 544, i.e., 30% of the University of Texas faculty, responded to a brief questionnaire. Although analyses failed to uphold the hypotheses, certain findings supported previous work and are discussed in relation to future work on invention.
Scaling in lattice QCD with Kogut-Susskind fermions.

We analyze Hamber's quenched QCD data using a recenty developed semiperturbative reformulation of asymptotic freedom. Scaling is seen quite well. We recompute ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, ${m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, and the sum of the current masses ${({m}_{u}+{m}_{d})}_{\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{MS}}}$ ($\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{MS}}$ denotes the modified minimal-subtraction scheme), and find agreement with experiment to within 5%.
Details and picture recall

Five conditions varied the amount of pictorial detail in drawings presented to subjects. Analysis of free-recall data suggests that the intention of subjects determines their levels of recall to a great extent. The results did not support an effort hypothesis.