cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracranial hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy

Abstract Among 1500 carotid endarterectomies performed between 1975 and 1984, 11 ipsilateral intracranial hemorrhages (IH) occurred between the first and tenth postoperative days for an incidence of 0.7%. The mortality rate among these patients was 36%. The only recognizable predisposing factor was relief of high-grade carotid stenosis (greater than 90%) whereas other factors such as age (58 to 81 years), preoperative hypertension (systolic blood pressure 120 to 160 mm Hg), preoperative head CT scans showing recent infarction (only one in five positive), and preoperative cerebral infarction (only 1 of 11 patients) did not play a role. All patients had normal coagulation studies. No patient required a shunt because all tolerated cross-clamping of the carotid artery. Postoperative systolic blood pressures were 200 to 240 mm Hg in 6 of 11 patients. The time of occurrence of IH extended from the immediate postoperative period to the tenth postoperative day (mean interval 3.3 days). Treatment consisted of craniotomy in five patients; four survived and one recovered completely. Of the six patients treated nonoperatively, three survived and two completely recovered. IH shares equal incidence with recurrent thrombosis, cross-clamping ischemia, and embolization as a cause of perioperative stroke. Although all except IH can be prevented by current practice, the means of preventing IH are not apparent; however, careful monitoring of blood pressure to prevent uncontrolled hypertension deserves consideration. (J VASC SURG 1988;7:248-55.)
Heat capacity changes for the lonization of aqueous phenols at 25°C

The apparent molal heat capacities\(\phi _{{\text{C}}_p }\) have been determined at 25°C for phenol,meta-nitrophenol,para-nitrophenol,meta-cyanophenol, andpara-cyanophenol and the corresponding sodium salts in water at several concentrations. These values have been extrapolated to infinite dilution to provide the\(\bar C_p^o\) values from which the heat capacity changes for the ionization of the aqueous phenols have been calculated. The observed\(\Delta \bar C_{p_i }^o\) values are virtually identical within experimental error for the phenols studied. The volume data needed to calculate the\(\phi \bar C_p\) values from the experimental data are also reported.
Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients with cancer: a population study.

Background and Purpose—The safety of thrombolysis for acute stroke in patients with cancer is not well established. Our aim is to study the outcomes after thrombolysis in patients with stroke with cancer. Methods—Patients with acute ischemic stroke who received thrombolysis were identified from the 2009 and 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with cancer-associated strokes and noncancer strokes were compared based on demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes. Results—Of the 32 576 strokes treated with thrombolysis, cancer-associated strokes had significantly higher comorbidity indices overall, but fewer vascular risk factors than noncancer strokes. There was no difference in the rates of home discharge and in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with liquid cancers, patients with solid tumors had worse home discharge (odds ratio, 0.178; 95% confidence interval, 0.109–0.290; P<0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.018; 95% confi...
Prostate cancer chemoprevention: Current status and future prospects

Chemoprevention is a strategy that aims to reduce the incidence and burden of cancer through the development of agents to prevent, reverse or delay the carcinogenic process. Prostate cancer is a suitable target for prevention because it has a high incidence and prevalence, as well as a long latency and disease-related mortality, and furthermore it is a disease in which lifestyle and environmental factors may play critical roles. The development of chemoprevention strategies against prostate cancer will have a huge impact, both medically and economically. Large-scale clinical trials suggest that some agents such as selenium, lycopene, soy, green tea, vitamins D and E, anti-inflammatory and inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase are effective in preventing prostate cancer. Although each agent has the potential to affect the natural history of the disease, it is important to develop strategies to strategically proceed for the design and selection of test agents in order to demonstrate clinical benefit with the minimum of adverse effects. Appropriate selection of agent(s), disease stage, trial design and endpoints is critical in selecting the most promising regimens to accomplish these goals. This review highlights the present status of prostate cancer chemoprevention and discusses future prospects for chemopreventive strategies that are safe and clinically beneficial.
A multilevel analysis of sociability, usability, and community dynamics in an online health community

The aim of this research is to develop an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of online group interaction and the relationship between the participation in an online community and an individual's off-line life. The 2h-year study of a thriving online health support community (Bob's ACL WWWBoard) used a broad fieldwork approach, guided by the ethnographic research techniques of observation, interviewing, and archival research in combination with analysis of the group's dynamics during a one-week period. Research tools from the social sciences were used to develop a thick, rich description of the group. The significant findings of this study include: dependable and reliable technology is more important than state-of-the-art technology in this community; strong community development exists despite little differentiation of the community space provided by the software; members reported that participation in the community positively influenced their offline lives; strong group norms of support and reciprocity made externally-driven governance unnecessary; tools used to assess group dynamics in face-to-face groups provide meaningful information about online group dynamics; and, membership patterns in the community and strong subgroups actively contributed to the community's stability and vitality.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of human metatarsals: precision, least significant change and association to ex vivo fracture force

Abstract Background Fractures are common in foot bones, but clinicians lack adequate indices of bone strength. Objectives We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of excised human metatarsals, determined intra- and inter-rater measurement precision, and assessed associations between BMD/BMC and ex vivo bone fracture strength. Methods Two raters each made two measurements of whole-bone and sub-regional BMD and BMC in both second and third metatarsals from 10 cadavers. Variance components analysis was used to assess variability attributable to repeat measurements, raters, sub-regions, bones, sides, and cadavers. Root-mean-square standard deviation (RMS-SD) and least-significant change (LSC) were used to assess rater precision and ultimate forces during 3-point bending were tested for correlations with BMD and BMC. Results Variation due to repeat measurements and rater was low ( 2 and 0.062 to 0.086g for BMC. Whole metatarsal and sub-region BMD and BMC were strongly correlated to ex vivo fracture force ( r 2 =0.67–0.93). Conclusions DXA measurements of BMD and BMC have high intra- and inter-rater precision and are strongly correlated to ex vivo bone strength.
Optical high-order subharmonic excitation of free cyclotron electrons

Homogeneous laser radiation in the visible or infrared range can excite high-order subharmonics at the cyclotron frequency of free electrons in the millimeter or microwave range. This may provide coherent links between lasers and rf or microwave frequency standards. In order to divide the frequency of a CO(2) laser (lambda approximately 10 microm) by a factor of 100 down to lambda approximately 1 mm in one step, a cw laser power as low as 10(-6) W is sufficient.
Design and Chemical Synthesis of a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent with Enhanced in Vitro Binding, High Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, and in Vivo Targeting to Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Plaques

Molecular imaging is an important new direction in medical diagnosis; however, its success is dependent upon molecular probes that demonstrate selective tissue targeting. We report the design and chemical synthesis of a derivative of human amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide that is capable of selectively targeting individual amyloid plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice after being intravenously injected. This derivative is based on the sequence of the first 30 amino acid residues of Abeta with asparagyl/glutamyl-4-aminobutane residues (N-4ab/Q-4ab) substituted at unique Asp and Glu positions and with Gd-DTPA-aminohexanoic acid covalently attached at the N-terminal Asp. The Gd[N-4ab/Q-4ab]Abeta30 peptide was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques with a mass of +/-4385 Da determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This diamine- and gadolinium-substituted derivative of Abeta is shown to have enhanced in vitro binding to Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid plaques and increased in vivo permeability at the blood-brain barrier because of the unique Asp/Glu substitutions. In addition, specific in vivo targeting to AD amyloid plaques is demonstrated throughout the brain of an APP, PS1 transgenic mouse after intravenous injection. Because of the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast enhancement provided by gadolinium, this derivative should enable the in vivo MR imaging of individual amyloid plaques in the brains of AD animals or patients to allow for early diagnosis and also provide a direct measure of the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies currently being developed.
Spectral dependence of some UV-B and UV-C responses of Tetrahymena pyriformis irradiated with dye laser generated UV.

— We have generated UV-B and UV-C radiations using a flashlamp driven tunable dye laser combined with frequency doubling crystals. Using this novel UV source, we have investigated lethality and its modification by growth phase, photoreactivation and caffeine in Tetrahymena pyriformis at 254 nm and from 260–315 nm in 5 nm steps. From the observed responses we have constructed action spectra for lethality, with or without caffeine (a repair inhibitor) and under conditions of photoreactivation. We have also estimated quantum efficiencies for these responses. Our observations suggest that complex changes in response occur at several wavelengths over the UV-C and UV-B regions.
Heterotopic ossification formation after fracture-dislocations of the elbow.

Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a serious complication of traumatic elbow injuries, particularly fracture-dislocations. Limited data exist in the literature regarding the risk factors associated with HO formation in these injuries. The purpose of this study was to review the incidence of HO after fracture-dislocation of the elbow and to identify potential risk factors associated with its formation. Methods Twenty-seven patients (28 elbows) were surgically treated for elbow fracture-dislocations during 8 years, with an average follow-up of 14 months. Records were reviewed with attention paid to several factors: demographic data, comorbidities, time interval from injury to surgical intervention, number of closed reductions attempted before surgery, surgical approach, management of the radial head, treatment of the anterior capsular injury, and coronoid fixation. Results Of the 28 elbows, 12 (43%) developed HO postoperatively; 9 of 28 elbows underwent multiple attempted closed reductions before definitive surgical stabilization, with HO formation in 7 of the 9 (77%). Time to surgery, age, gender, radial head fixation or replacement, coronoid open reduction and internal fixation, capsular repair, and medical comorbidities were not found to influence HO formation, although the performance of multiple reductions was identified as a risk factor. Discussion HO developed in 77% of patients with multiple attempted closed reductions. We found a 43% incidence of HO in patients surgically treated for elbow fracture-dislocations. Neither time to surgery after the injury nor demographic or other factors relating to the manner in which associated osseous or soft tissue injuries were managed influenced the formation of HO.
A technical overview of the Information Resource Directory System

Abstract This publication provides a technical overview of the computer software specifications for an Information Resource Dictionary System (IRDS). It summarizes the data architecture and the software functions and processes of the IRDS. The IRDS Specifications are a draft proposed American National Standard, a draft proposed U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard, and a Working Document of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Subcommittee 21, Working Group 3. The Overview also provides background information on the development of the draft proposed U.S. standards.
Temperature-Weighted Assessment of Waste Heat Availability With Matched End-Use Applications for Optimal Primary Energy Usage in the USA

Approximately two-thirds of all input energy used for power and electricity generation in the USA is lost as heat during conversion processes. Additionally, 12.5% of primary fuel and 20.3% of the electricity generated through these processes are employed for space heating, water heating, and refrigeration where low-grade heat could suffice. The potential for harnessing waste heat from power generation and thermal processes to perform these low-grade tasks is assessed here. By matching power plant outlet streams with applications at corresponding temperature ranges, this study identifies sufficient waste heat to satisfy all residential, building, and manufacturing space and water heating needs. Sufficient high temperature exhaust from power plants is identified to satisfy 27% of residential air conditioning demand with thermally activated refrigeration or all industrial low temperature (100–150°C) process heating and refrigeration needs. Exhaust from vehicle engines is sufficient to satisfy all in-vehicle air conditioning and 68% of electricity generation demand. Energy usage and waste heat availability and application information collected for this study is compiled in a thermodynamically informed database. By providing SQL queries, this database can answer detailed questions about energy sources and demands delineated by temperature, energy scale, process, and location. This capability can inform future infrastructure and development to effectively capture waste heat that would be lost today, substantially reducing the USA national energy intensity across all end uses.© 2010 ASME
Radio-frequency size-effect line shape for gallium☆

Abstract Study of the frequency dependence of the radio-frequency size effect line shape allows a determination of the portion of that line shape which can be interpreted as arising from extremal orbit electrons on the Fermi surface whose wave vector is simply related to the thickness of the metal single crystal.
High-Temperature Properties of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System: Simultaneous Occurrence of Melting, Oxygen Desorption, and a Metal-Insulator Transition

We have investigated the temperature dependence of the electrical transport and the thermogravimetric properties, from -200°C to +1000C, of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high-temperature superconductor. We conclude that this system has a cooperative, simultaneous-melting/oxygen desorption/metal-insulator transition that occurs near 900°C. We speculate on its nature and on its relationship to phenomena found in other high-T c superconductors.
Phosphonoxins II: diastereoselective synthesis of phosphonic acid analogues of polyoxins.

A diastereoselective synthesis of polyoxin analogues termed phosphonoxin B1 and B2 has been achieved. The key step was sulfinimine-mediated asymmetric formation of (RS,2S,3S,4S)-β-aminophosphonate 3a or (SS,2R,3S,4S)-β-aminophosphonate 7 as the major diastereoisomer. A double stereodifferentiation effect was not observed, and the diastereoselectivity is controlled by the absolute configuration of the sulfinyl group.
Modeling of a Fuel Cell Power System for Automotive Applications

In this paper, the primary components of a PEM fuel cell for automotive propulsion using methane as a fuel are analyzed. Basic chemical engineering principles are utilized to assess the role of thermodynamics, heat transport, and reaction kinetics. The amount of methane required is calculated as function of hydrogen produced as well as the power produced. The heat duty for thermal control of the system is analyzed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Color rendering ability and luminous efficacy enhancements in white light-emitting diodes

There exists a fundamental trade-off relation between color rendering index (CRI) and luminous efficacy; in other words, improvements in one are generally detrimental to the other. We analyze and demonstrate through simulation that phosphor-converted white LEDs with dual-blue emitting active regions, as opposed to single-blue emitting active regions, significantly enhance color rendering ability while maximizing the output luminous flux. The improvements are achieved over a broad range of correlated color temperatures.
Heterotic string modifications of Einstein's and Yang-Mills' actions☆

Abstract We derive the quartic curvature and quartic gauge field modifications to the low-energy effective action in the heterotic string theory by studying tree level four-point scattering amplitudes. The results provide further constraints on compactification of the ten-dimensional spacetime; in particular, it appears that Calabi-Yau manifolds do not provide consistent compactification of the heterotic string.
Time-Resolved FT-Infrared Spectroscopy of Visible Light-Induced Alkene Oxidation by O2 in a Zeolite

The visible light-induced reaction between 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene and O2 in zeolite NaY at −100 °C was recorded on the millisecond time scale by rapid scan FT-infrared spectroscopy. The experiment r...
Fractional Trigonometry and the Spiral Functions

This paper develops two related fractional trigonometries based on the multi-valued fractional generalization of the exponential function, the R-function. The trigonometries contain the traditional trigonometric functions as proper subsets. Also developed are relationships between the R-function and the new fractional trigonometric functions. Laplace transforms are derived for the new functions and are used to generate solution sets for various classes of fractional differential equations. Because of the fractional character of the R-function, several new trigonometric functions are required to augment the traditional sine, cosine, etc. functions. Fractional generalizations of the Euler equation are derived. As a result of the fractional trigonometry a new set of phase plane functions, the Spiral functions, that contain the circular functions as a subset, is identified. These Spiral functions display many new symmetries.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated papillomavirus infection complicating human immunodeficiency virus disease.

Summary Three males infected with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) were noted to have extensive flat warts of the face and/or body. In two there were also pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Biopsies showed foamy, basophilic, distended cytoplasm in granular layer keratinocytes, characteristic of the human papillomavirus types seen in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. DNA hybridzation techniques demonstrated the presence of HPV-type 8 in one patient and HPV 5 and 8 in another. Patients with immune suppression due to HIV infection may demonstrate the clinical features of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with the same potentially oncogenic HPV types.
Comparison of Movement-to-Music, Rhythm Activities, and Competitive Games on Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Anger of Females in Substance Abuse Rehabilitation

Over the past several decades the number of females using addictive substances has continuously increased. Females have different reasons for initiating substance abuse and specific treatment needs that differ from males. Researchers suggested gender specific drug rehabilitation treatment, in which female clients developed or improved functional behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 3 different types of music therapy interventions on levels of depression, stress, anxiety, and anger of female clients in substance abuse rehabilitation. Ten females in an outpatient substance abuse rehabilitation program participated twice a week for 6 weeks in a music therapy program, participating in movement-to-music activities, rhythm activities, and competitive games for 2 weeks, 4 sessions each. After each intervention state-trait anxiety and levels of anger were measured. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no significant differences for the three types of music therapy interventions; however, data collected on daily scores, immediately before and after each session, indicated that individuals reported a decrease in depression, stress, anxiety, and anger immediately following the music therapy sessions.
Oxonic acid and fetal development: II. Teratogenicity in rats

Feeding the uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate (KOx) as 3% of the diet to pregnant rats beginning on the 8th day of gestation for either 2 or 3 days caused a time-related increase in fetal resorptions, with the incidence in the experimental group treated for the additional day being 72% higher than the 2-day group. The shorter treatment period permitted more rat fetuses to survive to term; however 9.3% of these showed gross malformations, exencephaly and/or visceral herniation. Thus, KOx is demonstrated to be both embryotoxic and teratologic in the rat.
Reconstitution of B cell function in murine models of immunodeficiency.

Murine models of immunodeficiency were used to evaluate strategies that might allow B cell engraftment in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Mice with defects in Btk or μ heavy chain were given 2.5 × 106 bone marrow cells from wild-type congenic donors. In the absence of any preparative regimen or immunosuppression, Btk-deficient mice on the CBA background developed normal concentrations of serum IgM and IgG3 by 12 weeks posttransplant. By contrast, μ heavy chain-deficient mice on the C57BL/6 background required some immunosuppression to achieve engraftment. Treatment of these mice with anti-T-cell antibodies 2 and 4 days prior to transplant resulted in normal concentrations of serum immunoglobulins by 6 weeks posttransplant. These pretreated mice had only 10% of the normal number of splenic B cells and they had no evidence of donor T cell engraftment. These results suggest that myelotoxic drugs may not be needed to achieve B cell engraftment in B-cell-deficient subjects.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: more than an endocrine disorder

Background. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a rare disorder differentiated from MEN 2A primarily by its extraendocrine features. This report describes the clinical spectrum and outcome of MEN 2B. Methods. Twenty-one patients underwent operation for manifestations of MEN 2B between 1970 and 1993. Median follow-up was 16.9 years. Diagnosis was made through family screening in nine, the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in seven, phenotypic features in four, and constipation in one. Median age at presentation of colonic dysfunction, MTC, and pheochromocytoma was 0.1, 16, and 28 years, respectively. Results. Every patient had MTC. Fifteen (94%) of 16 patients undergoing primary thyroidectomies had multicentric disease, and seven (44%) had nodal metastases. Seven patients (33%) had pheochromocytoma, six bilateral and one malignant. Adrenalectomy was curative in every patient. Nineteen patients (90%) had colonic disturbances, typically chronic constipation from birth. Megacolon developed in 14 patients, and eight required colonic surgery. Every patient had the characteristic phenotype. Dominant features included neuromas of the longue, buccal mucosa, lips, conjunctivae, and eyelids and a marfanoid habitus. Other features included high arched palate, corneal nerve thickening, and dental and skeletal abnormalities. Four patients died, two of metastatic MTC, one after operation for metastatic MTC, and one as a consequence of colonic perforation. Of 17 survivors, three have hepatic metastases from MTC, eight have nodal metastases, and six are well with normal or mildly elevated calcitonin levels. Conclusions. MEN 2B is characterized by a relatively aggressive form of MTC, bilateral pheochromocytoma, severe colonic dysfunction, and a multitude of other extraendocrine abnormalities. Early recognition of MEN 2B and early prophylactic thyroidectomy are assential. Colonic dysfunction has previously received little attention, and further investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder is warranted.
Effects of matrix viscoelasticity on viscous and viscoelastic drop deformation in a shear flow

The deformation of a Newtonian/viscoelastic drop suspended in a viscoelastic fluid is investigated using a three-dimensional front-tracking finite-difference method. The viscoelasticity is modelled using the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation. Matrix viscoelasticity affects the drop deformation and the inclination angle with the flow direction. Numerical predictions of these quantities are compared with previous experimental measurements using Boger fluids. The elastic and viscous stresses at the interface, polymer orientation, and the elastic and viscous forces in the domain are carefully investigated as they affect the drop response. Significant change in the drop inclination with increasing viscoelasticity is observed; this is explained in terms of the first normal stress difference. A non-monotonic change – a decrease followed by an increase – in the steady-state drop deformation is observed with increasing Deborah number (De) and explained in terms of the competition between increased localized polymer stretching at the drop tips and the decreased viscous stretching due to change in drop orientation angle. The transient drop orientation angle is found to evolve on the polymer relaxation time scale for high De. The breakup of a viscous drop in a viscoelastic matrix is inhibited for small De, and promoted at higher De. Polymeric to total viscosity ratio β was seen to affect the result through the combined parameter βDe indicating a dominant role of the first normal stress difference. A viscoelastic drop in a viscoelastic matrix with matched relaxation time experiences less deformation compared to the case when one of the phases is viscous; but the inclination angle assumes an intermediate value between two extreme cases. Increased drop phase viscoelasticity compared to matrix phase leads to decreased deformation.
Notch signaling as a therapeutic target in cancer: a new approach to the development of cell fate modifying agents

Notch signaling controls cell fate decisions including during development and stem cell renewal and differentiation in many postnatal tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that the Notch signaling network is frequently deregulated in human malignancies and that genetic or pharmacological manipulation of Notch signaling is a novel potential strategy for the treatment of human neoplasms. This review article summarizes the most recent preclinical and clinical evidence linking Notch signaling to cancer, delineates questions that remain unanswered and explores potential biopharmacological strategies to manipulate Notch signaling in vivo.
Overview of Data Exploration Techniques

Data exploration is about efficiently extracting knowledge from data even if we do not know exactly what we are looking for. In this tutorial, we survey recent developments in the emerging area of database systems tailored for data exploration. We discuss new ideas on how to store and access data as well as new ideas on how to interact with a data system to enable users and applications to quickly figure out which data parts are of interest. In addition, we discuss how to exploit lessons-learned from past research, the new challenges data exploration crafts, emerging applications and future research directions.
Tail stent versus re-entry tube: a randomized comparison after percutaneous stone extraction.

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of a 7F tail stent with an 18F Councill nephrostomy tube and compare it to a 24F re-entry Malecot nephrostomy tube after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods. Forty patients were prospectively randomized to receive either a 24F re-entry Malecot nephrostomy tube (group A, n = 20) or a 7F tail stent with an 18F Councill nephrostomy tube (group B, n = 20) for postoperative drainage. Patients were evaluated with an analogue scale questionnaire 15 days after percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the routine office follow-up visit asking them to rate the flank pain on a 0 to 10 scale, urinary urgency on a 0 to 10 scale, and quality of life, while the external drainage tubes were still in place. Results. The mean length of stay was 4.5 and 3.5 days for groups A and B, respectively. Flank urine leakage was present in all patients in group A for a period of 6 to 12 hours, and no patient in group B had any significant flank drainage. A statistically significant reduction of flank pain in favor of group B was observed (P = 0.0002). We did not observe any statistically significant difference when evaluating the urgency (P = 0.1) and quality-of-life scores (P = 0.09) between the two groups, even though a trend was noted toward amelioration in favor of group B patients. Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that the 7F tail stent is certainly better tolerated by the patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy compared with the standard 24F re-entry Malecot nephrostomy tube.
Healing the Wounds: An Examination of Veterans Treatment Courts in the Context of Restorative Justice

Controversy exists regarding whether specialized courts, specifically drug courts, adhere to the restorative justice model. Veterans treatment courts (VTCs) are the newest programmatic innovation i...
Cayley-Dixon projection operator for multi-univariate composed polynomials

The Cayley-Dixon formulation for multivariate projection operators (multiples of resultants of multivariate polynomials) has been shown to be efficient (both experimentally and theoretically) for simultaneously eliminating many variables from a polynomial system. In this paper, the behavior of the Cayley-Dixon projection operator and the structure of Dixon matrices are analyzed for composed polynomial systems constructed from a multivariate system in which each variable is substituted by a univariate polynomial in a distinct variable. Under some conditions, it is shown that a Dixon projection operator of the composed system can be expressed as a power of the resultant of the outer polynomial system multiplied by powers of the leading coefficients of the univariate polynomials substituted for variables in the outer system. A new resultant formula is derived for systems where it is known that the Cayley-Dixon construction does not contain any extraneous factor. The complexity of constructing Dixon matrices and roots at toric infinity of composed polynomials is analyzed.
An aeroacoustic approach to phonation

A fluid mechanical, or aeroacoustic, point of view is followed to study possible sources of sound during phonation. Concentration is on two features of the vocal tract during phonation: abrupt area change from the glottis to the vocal tract and the finite length of the vocal tract. With these features, a source of sound distinct from the volume velocity source can be identified and a preliminary account of its effect on the acoustic field given. This source of sound is an oscillating force resulting from an interaction of rotational fluid motion with itself. Because of the schematic nature of the geometry of the model used here, this source may be considerably modified in actual phonation. It is concluded that specification of volume velocity is not enough to specify the source during phonation, even neglecting source–tract interaction.
Soldiers, the Frontier and the Politics of Command in British India

The defence of India in general and the North West Frontier in particular was central to strategic debate within the late Victorian army, creating one of the fault lines between rival factions competing for key commands and appointments. After a discussion of the varying strategic options debated within the British and Indian armies, the article examines the impact of Indian defence upon the ‘politics of command’ with particular reference to the appointment of Commanders-in-Chief in India between 1876 and 1892.
Ultrastructure of and plasmodesmatal frequency in mature leaves of sugarcane

Vascular bundles and contiguous tissues of leaf blades of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrid L62–96) were examined with light and transmission electron microscopes to determine their cellular composition and the frequency of plasmodesmata between the various cell combinations. The large vascular bundles typically are surrounded by two bundle sheaths, an outer chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and an inner mestome sheath. In addition to a chlorenchymatous bundle sheath, a partial mestome sheath borders the phloem of the intermediate vascular bundles, and at least some mestome-sheath cells border the phloem of the small vascular bundles. Both the walls of the chlorenchymatous bundlesheath cells and of the mestome-sheath cells possess suberin lamellae. The phloem of all small and intermediate vascular bundles contains both thick- and thin-walled sieve tubes. Only the thin-walled sieve tubes have companion cells, with which they are united symplastically by pore-plasmodesmata connections. Plasmodesmata are abundant at the Kranz mesophyll-cell-bundlesheath-cell interface associated with all sized bundles. Plasmodesmata are also abundant at the bundle-sheathcell-vascular-parenchyma-cell, vascular-parenchyma-cellvascular-parenchyma-cell, and mestome-sheath-cell-vascular-parenchyma-cell interfaces in small and intermediate bundles. The thin-walled sieve tubes and companion cells of the large vascular bundles are symplastically isolated from all other cell types of the leaf. The same condition is essentially present in the sieve-tube-companion-cell complexes of the small and intermediate vascular bundles. Although few plasmodesmata connect either the thin-walled sieve tubes or their companion cells to the mestome sheath of small and intermediate bundles, plasmodesmata are somewhat more numerous between the companion cells and vascular-parenchyma cells. The thick-walled sieve tubes are united with vascular-parenchyma cells by pore-plasmodesmata connections. The vascular-parenchyma cells, in turn, have numerous plasmodesmatal connections with the bundle-sheath cells.
Sesquiterpene alcohols from Artemisia pygmaea

Abstract Artemisia pygmaea Gray contains two sesquiterpene alcohols: the known cryptomeridiol (I) and pygmol (II), a new compound. No sesquiterpene lactones were found in the plant although other species of the section Tridentatae Rydb., with which A. pygmaea has been classified, are usually rich in lactones.
P4.073 Prevention of HIV/AIDS Infections Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda

Introduction The Kawempe Health Development project located in a poor informal urban setting of kampala aimed to improve sexual and reproductive health services available to female commercial sex workers and equip them with employable skills for behavioural change. The review was conducted to assess project impact on increasing SRH services uptake among sex workers and document changes in their demand for adopting safe sex behavioural change. Study methodology This retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2012 and reviewed project information from 2001 to 2009. The combined study design was intended to facilitate a more in-depth analysis of issues, taking into consideration the perspective of project key stakeholders. Both quantitative and qualitative data was generated with descriptive analysis methods and thematic analysis being used, respectively. Outcomes The study observed a steady increase in service uptake for VCT from a monthly average of 51 in 2001 to 96 in 2009, representing an 88.2% increase, with proportion of HIV positive Sex workers declining from 16% in 2001 to 8% in 2009. Use of family planning methods and treatment of STI and opportunistic infections accessed through the project facility increased from 26% to 40%. Qualitative data confirmed improved negotiation for safer sex and use of male condoms during the project period 2001 to 2009. Free vocational skills training to sex workers were in great demand and it created opportunities for alternative income. However, lack of start-up capital limited the number of trained Sex workers who could quit the sex trade. Recommendation Need to strengthen institutional and financial sustainability to match the increasing demand for SRH services and vocational skills training for sex workers. This may be through formation of partnerships and mainstreaming project activities into ongoing health programmes.
Experimental production of cystic dilatation of the common bile duct in neonatal lambs

A reliable experimental model for the study of cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary system has been produced purely by ligation of the distal end of the common bile duct in the newborn lamb. Six of nine experimental lambs surviving the immediate postoperative period lived for periods ranging from 27 to 40 days. All six developed cystic dilatation of the common bile duct.
Implementation of SBML Level 3 Support within iBioSim

This presentation gives details about our experiences when adding SBML Level 3 support to our iBioSim tool.
Between Positivism and Relativism

Perhaps not everyone would agree with my conviction that Robert M. Maclver's Social Causation is a forgotten classic. But it would be hard to deny that it is forgotten. First published in 1942, it was reissued by Harper Torchbooks (remember that useful series?) in 1964-evidence that someone must have considered it something of a classic 40 years ago. About that time, the late Kurt Wolff at Brandeis made the work a centerpiece for a seminar on cause and effect in sociology, which is where I encountered it. After that, the work seems to have dropped off the theoretical radar screen-except for me. Some key insights from Social Causation have been basic to my thinking ever since. Maclver (1888-1970) was for decades a professor of sociology at Columbia, and later president of the New School for Social Research. He was (in his own words) an "anti-positivist," a believer in the tradition affirming essential differences between the logic of social inquiry and that of natural science. I believe it was he who first exemplified this distinction by pointing out the difference between the requirements for understanding a man fleeing from a crowd and those for understanding leaves flying from a gust of wind. Explanation in the former case, Maclver pointed out, must invoke the meanings and understandings animating the actors-something fundamentally different from the concern of scientists seeking to explain the workings of material objects. Yet Maclver was not antiscientific in the sense of foreswearing the quest for powerful and informative generalizations. Indeed, he seemed to consider efforts to analyze patterns of cause and effect in major social trends
Pharmaceutical occurrence in groundwater and surface waters in forests land‐applied with municipal wastewater

The occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment are of increasing public importance because of their ubiquitous nature and documented effects on wildlife, ecosystems, and potentially humans. One potential, yet undefined, source of entry of pharmaceuticals into the environment is via the land application of municipal wastewater onto permitted lands. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent to which pharmaceuticals are mitigated by or exported from managed tree plantations irrigated with municipal wastewater. A specific focus of the present study is the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater and surface water discharge. The study site is a municipality that land-applies secondary treated wastewater onto 930 hectares of a 2000-hectare managed hardwood and pine plantation. A suite of 33 pharmaceuticals and steroid hormones was targeted in the analysis, which consisted of monthly grab sampling of groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, followed by concentration and cleanup via solid phase extraction and separation, detection, and quantification via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. More than one-half of all compounds detected in irrigated wastewater were not present in groundwater and subsequent surface water. However, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, caffeine, and other prescription and over-the-counter drugs remained in groundwater and were transported into surface water at concentrations up to 10 ng/L. These results provide important documentation for pharmaceutical fate and transport in forest systems irrigated with municipal wastewater, a previously undocumented source of environmental entry.
Products of Orthophosphate Absorption by Barley Roots.

The rate-limiting step of orthophosphate absorption by barley roots has been shown by kinetic studies (5) to be coupled to two of the sites of oxidative phosphorylation associated with isolated mitochondria. One of the reactions is coupled to reduced cytochrome b and the other to reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH). The present paper describes the identification of some of the products of the rate-limiting absorption step. The significance of the distribution of absorbed phosphate among these products and the rate of appearance in the products is discussed.
Social media and mobiles as political mobilization forces for young adults: Examining the moderating role of online political expression in political participation

A web survey of college students was conducted to examine whether online political expression moderates the effects of political media use on political participation. Results showed that online political expression enhanced the effects of political mobile apps, traditional offline and online media, and social media on political participation. Implications are discussed for a mobilizing role of online media in the democratic process for young adults.
Central nervous system imaging findings of hemophagocytic syndrome

We present a rare case of intracranial involvement in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in an adult patient. MRI features in HLH may mimic those of other neoplastic, infectious, or inflammatory disorders. Key imaging findings correlate to central nervous system inflammation and include diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, white matter changes with variable enhancement, hemorrhage, and restricted diffusion. Recognition of the imaging characteristic in correlation with clinical presentation, laboratory values, and biopsy findings is essential for making a correct diagnosis.
Mode-Locking in Multi-Core Fiber Nonlinear Couplers

Multi-core fiber nonlinear couplers show interesting saturable absorption behavior. We show that two-core fibers produce sufficiently reasonable results and there is no need to increase the number of fiber cores to improve the performance.
Effective Activities to Support Teachers’ Transition into the MTBMLEi Classroom in the Philippines

Su nia a sulat na ipebpagilay sia su napasadan nu kinapaganad’u ’bpamamandu pantag kanu MTBMLE. Su nalimud a ibpangingidsa na ebpun kanu nakatelu ulan a MTBMLE a kabpangagi kaped’u ‘bpamamandu kanu ikaisa a ‘bpangkatan taman kanu manga mapulu nilan lu kanu manga iskwilan a pedtabangan nu Save the Children sa Mindanao, Pilipinas. Su kinapangingidsa kanu lima kataw kanu ‘bpamamandu sa ikaisa a ‘bpangkatan na unan enggu ulian nu kinapaganad. Na sia kanu nauli den a kinangingidsa na inipatadem kanu namedtalabuk su embalangbalang a napaganadan nilan asal’a katawan u aden kambagu nilan sabap sa entu.
The Role of Visual Representation in the Scientific Revolution: A Historiographic Inquiry

This article provides a strategic history of the role assigned by modern historians to visual representation in early modern science, an aspect of historiography that is largely ignored in the scholarly literature. Despite the current undervaluation of images and visual reasoning, historians in the 1940s and 1950s who established the 20th century concept of the Scientific Revolution, also assigned a conspicuous role to images, claiming 15th century art as a chapter in the history of science and identifying the first modern scientists in artists such as Brunelleschi and Leonardo. My analysis of the writings that shaped the discourse on visual representation—by giants such as George Sarton, Herbert Butterfield, and Alexandre Koyre—shows that the handful of concepts introduced in these early discussions formed the foundations of the subsequent scholarly approach to early modern scientific images. However, close scrutiny during the 1970s defined these concepts as interesting but not as key elements for the emergence of modern science proposed earlier. The wave of social studies of science in the 1980s further diminished the importance of images, to the point that recent surveys of early modern science neither consider the role of visual representation nor include figures in their narratives. Several recent publications with suggestive titles such as The Power of Images in Early Modern Science promise to recover a significant role for images in the Scientific Revolution. The present inquiry into the earlier discourse seeks to clarify the historiographic framework into which these new efforts fit.
Effects of Material Properties on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Adhesion of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, to surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilms cause multidrug-tolerant infections in humans and fouling of medical devices. To address these challenges, it is important to understand how material properties affect microbe-surface interactions and engineer better nonfouling materials. Here we review the recent progresses in this field and discuss the main challenges and opportunities. In particular, we focus on bacterial biofilms and review the effects of surface energy, charge, topography, and stiffness of substratum material on bacterial adhesion. We summarize how these surface properties influence oral biofilm formation, and we discuss the important findings from nondental systems that have potential applications in dental medicine.
Resolution of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides by lectin affinity chromatography

Bandeiraea simplicifolia I (BS I) isolectins, immobilized on Sepharose beads, specifically retarded low molecular weight ligands containing terminal cu-o-galactopyranosyl and 2acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl residues. A BS I lectin-Sepharose column has been used to perform very efficient separations of structurally homologous sugar nucleotides and oligosaccharides. For example, UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose (and the corresponding 2-acetamido-2-deoxy derivatives) were separated by as much as three column volumes by a BS I lectin-Sepharose column. This column has also been used to resolve the alditols of lactose (P-o-Galp-(1 4 4)-D-Gk) and melibiose (a-o-Galp-(1 + 6)-~431~). to analyze the radiochemical purity of UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine preparations, and to analyze the relative proportions of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetyl-o-galactosamine in the UDP-N-acetyl-o-hexosamine pool isolated from cultured cells.