cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The numerical greatest common divisor of univariate polynomials.

This paper presents a regularization theory for numerical computation of polynomial greatest common divisors and a convergence analysis, along with a detailed description of a blackbox-type algorithm. The root of the ill-posedness in conventional GCD computation is identified by its geometry where polynomials form differentiable manifolds entangled in a stratification structure. With a proper regularization, the numerical GCD is proved to be strongly well-posed. Most importantly, the numerical GCD solves the problem of finding the GCD accurately using floating point arithmetic even if the data are perturbed. A sensitivity measurement, error bounds at each computing stage, and the overall convergence are established rigorously. The computing results of selected test examples show that the algorithm and software appear to be robust and accurate.
Real-world risk of anosmia with cancer directed systemic therapy: A pharmacovigilance assessment using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database.

e18790Background: Anosmia is a rare and under-reported adverse event associated with the use of several oncologic drugs. Instances of olfactory disturbances following administration of chemotherape...
Design and Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Integrated Stroke Prevention Clinic (P3.3-001)

Objective: To develop a multi-disciplinary, integrated stroke prevention clinic to provide optimized post stroke care and create a patient-reported outcomes registry. Background: The comprehensive system of outpatient stroke care has not been as well established as that of inpatient stroke care. Yet, in terms of brain health and stroke care, prevention is perhaps the most effective intervention. The cost to prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease has increased to over 300 billion dollars annually in the United States. Quantitative modeling has shown that up to 80% of vascular events after stroke can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors through pharmacologic and behavioral interventions. Risk factor awareness and control remains poor in stroke survivors. A comprehensive outpatient stroke care model could provide a more efficient secondary stroke prevention strategy, thus reducing the cost. A collaborative registry is needed for tracking patient-reported outcomes, evaluating adherence to clinical standards, maintaining quality care and following post stroke complications. Design/Methods: We developed the Follow up After Stroke, Screening and Treatment (FASST) clinic. The outpatient visits are a collaborative effort of pharmacists, neurology residents, students and ancillary staff led by vascular neurologists. The services provided in the clinic include stroke education, uncontrolled vascular risk factors management, medication adherence assessment, and treatment of post stroke complications. Validated instruments are used to assess for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, post-stroke disability, social support, quality of life and functional status to aid and monitor recovery. A consolidated referral base includes Physiatry, Neuropsychology, Endocrinology, and Sleep. Results: Demographics, inpatient data and patient-reported outcomes are entered in REDCap to be followed. Every three months, data registry quality metrics will be re-visited. Changes will be made to create further comparisons based on the Plan-Do-Study-Act model. Conclusions: FASST clinic provides a platform for tracking quality of stroke care and allows for collaborative decision making for stroke survivors. Disclosure: Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andres has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hellerslia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azizi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharrief has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naqvi has nothing to disclose.
WiStress: Contactless Stress Monitoring Using Wireless Signals

Stress plays a critical role in our lives, impacting our productivity and our long-term physiological and psychological well-being. This has motivated the development of stress monitoring solutions to better understand stress, its impact on productivity and teamwork, and help users adapt their habits toward more sustainable stress levels. However, today's stress monitoring solutions remain obtrusive, requiring active user participation (e.g., self-reporting), interfering with people's daily activities, and often adding more burden to users looking to reduce their stress. In this paper, we introduce WiStress, the first system that can passively monitor a user's stress levels by relying on wireless signals. WiStress does not require users to actively provide input or to wear any devices on their bodies. It operates by transmitting ultra-low-power wireless signals and measuring their reflections off the user's body. WiStress introduces two key innovations. First, it presents the first machine learning network that can accurately and robustly extract heartbeat intervals (IBI's) from wireless reflections without constraints on a user's daily activities. Second, it introduces a stress classification framework that combines the extracted heartbeats with other wirelessly captured stress-related features in order to infer a subject's stress level. We built a prototype of WiStress and tested it on 22 different subjects across different environments in both stress-induced and free-living conditions. Our results demonstrate that WiStress has high accuracy (84%-95%) in inferring a person's stress level in a fully-automated way, paving the way for ubiquitous sensing systems that can monitor stress and provide feedback to improve productivity, health, and well-being.
Electronic Journals in Religious Studies

SUMMARY A number of factors have kept scholarly religious studies journals from having a significant presence on the Internet. This paper examines two projects that are addressing these barriers, the American Theological Library Association Serials project and the Association of Peer-Reviewed Electronic Journals in Religion, and offers theological librarians an overview of the advantages, disadvantages, issues, and trends associated with online journal delivery as they plan for the future.
Fitting In, Standing Out: Pressures on Teenagers and Their Schools

These are definitely not the glory days of the American educational system. Schools have been stung by a steady stream of testing data showing a large achievement gap between American students and teenagers in other countries. Demographic changes have led to the proliferation of overcrowded classrooms and increased demand for special services for many new and expanding segments of the student population. No Child Left Behind and other educational policies have ratcheted up accountability standards and imposed a series of increasingly harsh sanctions all the way up to school closing. Simultaneously, funding has been cut to the point that many school districts face major budget shortfalls. Against this backdrop, bemoaning the state of American education and, in particular, criticizing teachers have become major discussion points in electoral politics and media debates. Such challenges have placed enormous pressures on schools and fueled a sense of pessimism – some of it warranted, some of it not – in the public at large. In the face of these major financial, curricular, and organizational pressures on the educational system as a whole, the everyday pressures that teenagers encounter as they navigate the social worlds of American high schools seem far less important. Indeed, in the minds of many, helping teenagers cope with the social ups and downs of high school life does not rise to the level of pressing task when compared to the larger-scale challenges of raising school performance and effectively educating a new generation for entry into the global economy.
Ocean ventilation and sedimentation since the glacial maximum at 3 km in the western North Atlantic

[1] Stable isotope, sedimentological, and radiocarbon data from cores at ∼3 km water depth on the Blake Ridge, western subtropical North Atlantic, reveal the history of deep water ventilation since the last glacial maximum (LGM). Bulk sediment accumulation rates varied locally by a factor of 2 under the influence of bottom currents in this sediment drift environment, but the sand flux, mostly foraminifera, was nearly identical at a given time. This suggests that the rain rate of foraminifera (mostly planktonic) was constant, that transport of foraminifera was negligible, and that current-controlled differences in clay and silt transport drive bulk accumulation. In two of the cores, flux peaks in the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina peregrina occurred during the Younger Dryas (YD) cold event, and at 18.2, 19.6, 21.1, 25.0, and 28.1 ka. Radiocarbon measurements on those benthic foraminifera show the ventilation age of bottom waters was ∼1000 years during the YD, and for older events it was as great as 2000 years. These results contrast with Holocene ventilation, which was ∼500 years and 700 years at 1500 years and ∼7100 years before present, respectively.
Phish and HIPs: human interactive proofs to detect phishing attacks

In this paper, we propose a new class of Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) that allow a human to distinguish one computer from another. Unlike traditional HIPs, where the computer issues a challenge to the user over a network, in this case, the user issues a challenge to the computer. This type of HIP can be used to detect phishing attacks, in which websites are spoofed in order to trick users into revealing private information. We define five properties of an ideal HIP to detect phishing attacks. Using these properties, we evaluate existing and proposed anti-phishing schemes to discover their benefits and weaknesses. We review a new anti-phishing proposal, Dynamic Security Skins (DSS), and show that it meets the HIP criteria. Our goal is to allow a remote server to prove its identity in a way that is easy for a human user to verify and hard for an attacker to spoof. In our scheme, the web server presents its proof in the form of an image that is unique for each user and each transaction. To authenticate the server, the user can visually verify that the image presented by the server matches a reference image presented by the browser.
An Improved Inequality Related to Vizing's Conjecture

Vizing conjectured in 1963 that $\gamma(G \Box H) \geq \gamma(G)\gamma(H)$ for any graphs $G$ and $H$. A graph $G$ is said to satisfy Vizing's conjecture if the conjectured inequality holds for $G$ and any graph $H$. Vizing's conjecture has been proved for $\gamma(G) \le 3$, and it is known to hold for other classes of graphs. Clark and Suen in 2000 showed that $\gamma(G \Box H) \geq \frac{1}{2}\gamma(G)\gamma(H)$ for any graphs $G$ and $H$. We give a slight improvement of this inequality by tightening their arguments.
Tax as Urban Legend

In this essay, I review UC-Berkeley history professor Robin Einhorn's book, American Taxation, American Slavery. In this provocatively-titled book, Einhorn traces the relationship between democracy, taxation, and slavery from colonial times through the antebellum period. By re-telling some of the most familiar set piece stories of American history through the lens of slavery, Einhorn reveals how the stories that we tell ourselves over and over again about taxation and politics in America are little more than the stuff of urban legend. In the review, I provide a brief summary of Einhorn's discussion of the relationship between slavery and colonial taxation, the creation of a national tax structure, and the adoption of uniformity clauses in state constitutions in the antebellum period. I then turn to a discussion of how Einhorn's book helps to debunk an urban legend of modern tax policy debates; namely, that critical perspectives and tax simply don't mix.
Mode Matching Method for Anisotropic Guides

Mode-matching technique for bifurcated anisotropic waveguide, discussing Bresler biorthogonality relationships to derive anisotropic guide mode equations
A Review of “The Lone Arranger: Succeeding in a Small Repository”

Christina J. Zamon's The Lone Arranger is written for those who, regardless of job title, work at a repository where they are the sole provider responsible for access to archival materials. As Zamo...
Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract RDS continues to be a major problem for premature infants despite a better understanding of its pathophysiology and of ways to try to prevent it. To date, prenatal administration of glucocorticoids has been the most widely used method of accelerating fetal lung development. However, several limitations of this therapy have prompted the search for alternative approaches. Most efforts have focused on the potential use of combined hormonal therapy with glucocorticoids and either thyroid hormones or TRH. The easy transplacental passage of the latter tends to favor its use. The use of hormonal therapy prenatally and surfactant administration at birth appears currently to be the best approach to prevent RDS. The greatest benefit would clearly come from the prevention of prematurity (Fig 1), but this has not proved to be an easy task.
Pediatric Emergency CT Scans at a Children's Hospital and at Community Hospitals: Radiation Technical Factors Are an Important Source of Radiation Exposure.

OBJECTIVE. This article compares the technical factors—in particular, tube current and voltage—and the resultant exposure to radiation associated with CT examinations performed at a children's hospital and at more general community hospital emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. CT scans obtained at community hospital EDs were retrospectively reviewed and compared with CT scans obtained at a children's hospital, to assess differences in kilovoltage, tube current, and volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) used. The number of scans obtained during the contrast-enhanced phase was also assessed. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses were used to test differences. RESULTS. A total of 233 body CT examinations were performed at community hospitals, and 287 were performed at a children's hospital. At both types of hospital, the median patient age was 12 years (p = 0.66). Of the body CT scans obtained at community hospitals that focused on the care of adult patients, 194 of 233 (83%) used a tube ...
Analytical solution and simplified analysis of coupled parent‐daughter steady‐state transport with multirate mass transfer

[1] In this technical note, a steady-state analytical solution of concentrations of a parent solute reacting to a daughter solute, both of which are undergoing transport and multirate mass transfer, is presented. Although the governing equations are complicated, the resulting solution can be expressed in simple terms. A function of the ratio of concentrations, In (daughter/parent + P), can be used as a metric of mass transfer and reaction if the reactions are mostly confined to the immobile domain, where P is the ratio of production of daughter to decay of parent. This metric is applied with the resazurin-resorufin (Raz-Rru) tracer system in a stream to obtain an integrated measure of respiration that occurs on or in a stream bed. The slope of the graph of In (Rru/Raz + P) versus advective travel time is a function of the strength of surface—bed interaction and respiration. This graph can be used for rapid comparison of different experiments and streams.
Potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use in a nationally representative US nursing homes sample: a safety concern

Objectives Half of the claims for antipsychotics used in nursing homes are for off-label indications, raising concerns about its potential misuse. This study examines the associations between antipsychotic drug utilization in US nursing homes and facility characteristics including financial resources, staff proficiency and operational efficiency controlling for resident's demographic characteristics, cognitive impairment, and functional status. Methods Data were derived from Long Term Care Focus and Nursing Home Compare databases. Multivariate regression models are performed to test for significant associations. All analyses are conducted using STATA. Key findings Study sample contains 11339 nursing facilities, 2857 with residents with schizophrenia/bipolar disorder (group I) and 8482 without the diagnosis (group II). The prevalence of schizophrenia/bipolar disorder in 2008 was 16.0%; antipsychotic use was 33.6% and 21.1% in groups I and II, respectively. Antipsychotic utilization is positively associated with Medicaid as primary payer (P < 0.001), facility for-profit status (P < 0.01), and availability of Alzheimer special care unit (P < 0.001), whereas it is negatively associated with number of registered nurses in the facility (P < 0.001), hours of direct care to residents (P < 0.001), and admissions per facility bed (P < 0.001). Antipsychotic use is also negatively associated with residents’ cognitive impairment, and nursing home admission from a hospital (P < 0.001). Conclusions Nursing home for-profit status, payment source, staff proficiency, residents' cognitive impairment, and hospital admission are associated with antipsychotic use in residents without a diagnosis of schizophrenia/bipolar disorder. Policies to address the safety concerns associated with antipsychotics misuse in elderly nursing home residents are needed.
Alcohol and Volitional Control on Affect/ Sensation, Cognitive and Perceptual-motor Measures

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the hypothesis that one factor underlying the effects of non-pharrnacological variables on a given response to alcohol is the ability to exert control over that behaviour while intoxicated. Subjects were 54 male non-alcoholic drinkers who were randomly assigned to one of six independent groups created by the factorial combination of the independent variables dose (placebo, low, or moderate) and instructions (no instructions or ‘act sober’). The main dependent measures were cognitive and motor task performance and self-reported affect and physiological sensations. Results showed that alcohol strongly influenced motor performance and self-reported physiological sensations but had only minor effects on affect and cognitive performance. Subjects who consumed the low dose of alcohol were able to counteract only alcohol's effects on reaction time and feelings of egotism. Despite the overall strong effects of alcohol on their behaviour, subjects in the act sober condi tions perceived that they were able to counteract the drug's effects, and this resul t was most pronounced among subjects who drank the low dose of alcohol. The implications of these findings for the effects of non-pharmacological factors on responses to alcohol and for the prevention and treatment of alcohol problems are discussed.
Functional Roles of Aspartic Acid Residues at the Cytoplasmic Surface of Bacteriorhodopsin

The functions of the four aspartic acid residues in interhelical loops at the cytoplasmic surface of bacteriorhodopsin, Asp-36, Asp-38, Asp-102, and Asp-104, were investigated by studying single and multiple aspartic acid to asparagine mutants. The same mutants were examined also with the additional D96N residue replacement. The kinetics of the M and N intermediates of the photochemical cycles of these recombinant proteins were affected only in a minor, although self-consistent, way. When residue 38 is an aspartate and anionic, it makes the internal proton exchange between the retinal Schiff base and Asp-96 about 3 times more rapid, and events associated with the reisomerization of retinal to all-trans about 3 times slower. Asp-36 has the opposite effect on these processes, but to a smaller extent. Asp-102 and Asp-104 have even less or none of these effects. Of the four aspartates, only Asp-36 could play a direct role in proton uptake at the cytoplasmic surface. In the 13 bacterioopsin sequences now available, only this surface aspartate is conserved.
Chromosome abnormalities in human neoplasia.

At present, although certain evidence suggests that chromosomal changes may be the result of exposure to mutagens (45), neither the exact cause of the cytogenetic abnormalities nor their relationship to the neoplastic process is well understood. In terms of prognostic and diagnostic implications, the importance of cytogenetic studies of human solid tumors, over that of morphologic diagnosis alone, is not yet well established. In the hematologic malignancies, however, prognostic and diagnostic implications are associated with the presence of certain cytogenetic abnormalities in the malignant cells of the bone marrow and peripheral blood. For example, in unexplained pancytopenias, a clone of chromosomally abnormal marrow cells commonly indicates that clinical leukemia will soon become manifest. In cases of acute leukemia with an abnormal marrow clone, favorable response to therapy may be associated with loss of the abnormal clone while relapse may be associated with reappearance of the same abnormal clone ofcells. In chronic granulocytic leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph’ +) is present in nearly every typical case. Absence of the Ph’ chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML) or the appearance of additional cytogenetic changes (aneuploidy) in the neoplastic cells are indications of a poor prognosis. In general, the literature is replete with data regarding chromosomal abnormalities in human neoplasia. For general information and detailed analyses of cytogenetic aberrations in neoplastic cells obtained from patients with solid tumors (1,22,24,25,26,32,46,51,52, 57,60,6 1,66,67) and from those with hematologic malignancies including preleukemia (2, 13, 16, 18, 19,20,21,22,23,29,30,31,32,39,42,43,46,54), acuteleukemia (3,4,5, 7, 14, 15, 17,22,32,34,38,40,46,53,55,56,58,59,62,63,64) and chronic leukemia (8,9,22,27, 32,35,36,37,46,50,65), the reader is referred to additional excellent resumes and reports available in the literature. A brief resume of the salient features of some cytogenetic information will be presented here.
The circumnatal status of molar crown maturation among the hominoidea

Abstract The permanent first molars of the Pongidae, Hylobatidae and Hominidae are compared at the circumnatal and the eruptive stages. The calcification of the cusps of these molars at the time of birth is similar in all of the species with the exception of the gibbon which is advanced. The M 1 of the pongids and man have three cusps calcified at the time of birth. They are the protoconid, metaconid, and the hypoconid, and the sequence of calcification follows this order. The entoconid on the orangutan M 1 bud is calcified on the tip. The entoconid of the gibbon M 1 is also calcified, but to a greater extent, and the mesial cusps have a calcified bridge between them. The M 1 has three cusps calcified at the time of birth. The paracone, protocone and metacone are calcified in this sequence. The gibbon has all four cusps with varying degrees of calcification. Detailed scrutiny of the erupted M 1 and M 1 reveals marked differences in the morphology and size of these molars amongst the anthropoid apes and man. Although there are differences in these molars at the time of birth, they are not as dissimilar as are the erupted forms. The traits that distinguish the molars of the various species are present on the newborn bud but are attenuated. Mensurational data are presented in a graphic form to illustrate trends in growth.
Coal science in a changing world

Historique de la recherche scientifique consacree au charbon de 1780 a 1984. Evolution de 1975 a 1982 des consommations de charbon a coke et de charbon majeur et des exportations de charbon des Etats-Unis
The role of radiative losses in self-extinguishing and self-wrinkling flames

Abstract We have developed a general theory of non-adiabatic premixed flames that is valid for flames of arbitrary shape that fully accounts for the hydrodynamic and diffusive-thermal processes, and incorporates the effects of volumetric heat losses. The model is used to describe aspects of experimentally observed phenomena of self-extinguishing (SEFs) and self-wrinkling flames (SWFs), in which radiative heat losses play an important role. SEFs are spherical flames that propagate considerable distances in sub-limit conditions before suddenly extinguishing. Our results capture many aspects of this phenomenon including an explicit determination of flame size and propagation speed at quenching. SWFs are hydrodynamically unstable flames in which cells spontaneously appear on the flame surface once the flame reaches a critical size. Our results yield expressions of the critical flame size at the onset of wrinkling and expected cell size beyond the stability threshold. The various possible burning regimes are mapped out in parameter space.
Adaptive generalized predictive control combined with a least-squares lattice filter

The generalized predictive control (GPC) concept is extended to an adaptive control algorithm by combining with a least-squares lattice filter. A least-squares lattice (LSL) filter, another class of exact least-squares filters, has a modular structure that is advantageous in the application of on-line system identification. The modular structure passes system information from lower order to higher order in a wave motion. The adaptive GPC algorithm combined with a LSL filter is implemented for a real-time computer algorithm and its performance is experimentally demonstrated to a structural system and an acoustic enclosure. In addition, the adaptive GPC algorithm with a LSL filter is compared with the adaptive GPC algorithm combined with a classical recursive least-squares (RLS) filter in terms of complexity, computational cost and other on-line application concerns. The average task execution time (TET) --- the measured processing time to run the algorithm during each sample interval --- is reduced by over 35 \% by using the adaptive GPC algorithm with a LSL filter.
Neoproterozoic A-type granitoids of the central and southern Appalachians: Intraplate magmatism associated with episodic rifting of the Rodinian supercontinent

Abstract Emplacement of compositionally distinctive granitic plutons accompanied two pulses (765–680 and 620–550 Ma) of crustal extension that affected the Rodinian craton at the present location of the central Appalachians during the Neoproterozoic. The dominantly metaluminous plutons display mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of A-type granites including high FeO t /MgO ratios, high abundances of Nb, Zr, Y, Ta, and REE (except Eu), and low concentrations of Sc, Ba, Sr, and Eu. These dike-like, sheet complexes occur throughout the Blue Ridge province of Virginia and North Carolina, and were emplaced at shallow levels in continental crust during active extension, forming locally multiple-intrusive plutons elongated perpendicular to the axis of extension. New U–Pb zircon ages obtained from the Polly Wright Cove (706±4 Ma) and Suck Mountain (680±4 Ma) plutons indicate that metaluminous magmas continued to be replenished near the end of the first pulse of rifting. The Suck Mountain body is presently the youngest known igneous body associated with earlier rifting. U–Pb zircon ages for the Pound Ridge Granite Gneiss (562±5 Ma) and Yonkers Gneiss (563±2 Ma) in the Manhattan prong of southeastern New York constitute the first evidence of plutonic felsic activity associated with the later period of rifting in the U.S. Appalachians, and suggest that similar melt-generation processes were operative during both intervals of crustal extension. Fractionation processes involving primary minerals were responsible for much of the compositional variation within individual plutons. Compositions of mapped lithologic units in a subset of plutons studied in detail define overlapping data arrays, indicating that, throughout the province, similar petrologic processes operated locally on magmas that became successively more chemically evolved. Limited variation in source-sensitive Y/Nb and Yb/Ta ratios is consistent with results of melting experiments and indicates that metaluminous granitoids of the supersuite likely were derived through melting of lower crustal sources. Mildly peralkaline rocks of the Robertson River batholith and Irish Creek pluton may be derived from more chemically primitive sources similar in composition to ocean–island basalts. Blue Ridge granitoids define a plutonic episode that occurred during an unsuccessful pulse of crustal extension which predated opening of Iapetus by more than 100 million years. Granitoid gneisses in New York were emplaced during an extension-related, dominantly mafic magmatic episode that ultimately led to development of Iapetus.
Genetic dissection of axon regeneration via in vivo electroporation of adult mouse sensory neurons

Dorsal root ganglion neurons can regenerate after injury, but the mechanisms underlying axon regrowth are unclear. To address this, an electroporation transfection method is developed that can alter the gene expression of dorsal root ganglion cells in a living adult mouse, providing a tool to study axon regeneration.
A proof of the optimality of the MIN paging algorithm using linear programming duality

A linear programming formulation of the page replacement problem is used for proving the optimality of the MIN algorithm in a novel way. We describe an algorithm for constructing a solution for the dual problem such that the cost of this solution equals the cost of the MIN solution for the primal problem, thus proving the optimality of the MIN solution for paging, and the optimality of our algorithm for the paging dual (which is a special case of the assignment dual).
The kinetics of the reaction of N-ethylmaleimide with denatured β-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin

Abstract 1. 1. The kinetics of the reaction of β-lactoglobulin with N-ethylmaleimide have been studied in order to relate the reactivity of the sulfhydryl groups to the structure of the protein in urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. 2. 2. The reaction in 8 M urea is second order, but minor deviations from second order kinetics are observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The second order rate constants in 8 M urea are similar to those for the same reaction with cysteine, but the rate of reaction of β-lactoglobulin with N-ethylmaleimide in sodium dodecyl sulfate is about 150 times slower than in 8 M urea. 3. 3. Changes in the spectral properties of the protein occur on reaction with N-ethylmaleimide or HgCl2 under certain conditions of urea concentration and pH. 4. 4. The reaction of ovalbumin with N-ethylmaleimide in sodium dodecyl sulfate does not follow simple second-order kinetics.
CD28−/− Mice Show Defects in Cellular and Humoral Immunity but Are Able To Control Infection with Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68

The role of CD28-dependent costimulatory interactions in the development and maintenance of antiviral immune responses was investigated in a mouse model of gammaherpesvirus infection. CD28 - / - mice could clear a productive infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), although early lung viral titers were significantly increased. Both CD28 - / - and CD28 + / + mice maintained effective long-term control of MHV-68. Gamma interferon responses appeared to develop more slowly in CD28 - / - mice, while cytotoxic T-cell activity was similar to that in wild-type mice. Splenomegaly developed normally in CD28 - / - mice, whereas virus-specific antibody responses were significantly reduced and aberrant class switching was observed. This work demonstrates that costimulatory interactions involving CD28 are not an absolute requirement for the control of infection with MHV-68.
ANDRomeda: adaptive nonlinear dimensionality reduction

Standard approaches for the classification of high dimensional data require the selection of features, the projection of the features to a lower dimensional space, and the construction of the classifier in the lower dimensional space. Two fundamental issues arise in determining an appropriate projection to a lower dimensional space: the target dimensionality for the projection must be determined, and a particular projection must be selected from a specified family. We present an algorithm which is designed specifically for classification task and addresses both these issues. The family of nonlinear projections considered is based on interpoint distances - in particular, we consider point-to-subset distances. Our algorithm selects both the number of subsets to use and the subsets themselves. The methodology is applied to an artificial nose odorant classification task.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mutations in the gene encoding the replication-initiation protein of plasmid RK2 produce elevated copy numbers of RK2 derivatives in Escherichia coli and distantly related bacteria.

Abstract Mini-replicons of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2 with increased copy number (cn) due to mutations in the gene encoding the essential replication initiation protein TrfA are described. The cn of these derivatives have been determined in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens and were found to be elevated in all three bacterial hosts. One of the cn mutations was introduced into the intact 60-kb RK2 plasmid by homologous recombination in vivo, resulting in an approximately twofold cn increase. The expression of trfA from this mutant RK2 plasmid did not respond to the cn change as predicted by a simple transcription rate-limitation, replication control model. Implications for the model of RK2 replication control and the potential use of mutant RK2 mini-replicons as highcopy broad-host-range gene cloning vectors are discussed.
Attracting basins in ℙ2

We prove the existence of infinitely many attracting basins for some holomorphic mappings in ℙ2. We also show that if a family of mappings has a complex generic homoclinic tangency, then some of the mappings in the family have an attractive periodic fixed point.
Protecting Food Safety: More Needs To Be Done To Keep Pace With Scientific Advances And The Changing Food Supply

Foodborne illness and the health risks from chemicals in food are a concern. However, food safety statutes largely unchanged for more than forty years are failing to keep pace with scientific advan...
Novel Method for Finding [zeta](2[rho]) from a Product of Sines.

Euler gave a simple method for showing that ζ(2) = 1/12 + 1/22 + 1/32+ ··· = π2/6. He generalized his method so as to find ζ(4), ζ(6), ζ(8), … . His computations became increasingly more complex as the arguments increased. In this note we show a different generalization of Euler's original method for finding ζ(2p) that is simpler to understand and is suitable for the undergraduate classroom.
The Case for Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries

In a broad swing of the pendulum, developing countries have been shifting from severe and destructive protection to free trade fever. Many of the notable examples are in Latin America. Mexico, after a major unilateral trade liberalization, is now negotiating a free trade agreement with Canada and the United States; Chile, traditionally a highly protected country, is a leading example of reducing trade barriers; Argentina and Brazil have entered free trade agreements. A free trade area for the Americas is becoming a serious possibility. The enthusiasm for more openness of the economy is not limited to Latin America; for example, Korea and Turkey are cases of highly successful liberalization. There are also cases in Africa—for example, Ghana and Botswana—to demonstrate the possibility and the benefits of opening up. This new enthusiasm for freer trade stems from four overlapping sources: Anti-statism. The world has seen a broad intellectual swing away from emphasizing the beneficial role of the state in the 1980s, and protection is seen as one of the manifestations of an overly intrusive state. Of course, a shift to a liberal trade regime has not always been the by-product of a more democratic society: Chile under Pinochet or Korea in its liberalizing phase were under authoritarian rule. "Two cheers for the market, but not three," the saying goes; today the market gets at least three cheers, which may be at least one too many. Poor economic performance. Many developing countries have suffered dismal economic performance and declining productive potential. Much of the reason can be traced to populist macroeconomic policies that engendered debt crises and hyperinflation. Of course, part of the reason was also a very adverse external environment. But since the days of plentiful external credit are gone,
Is There Evidence of Multiple Equilibria in Planetary Wave Amplitude Statistics

Abstract Results obtained by Hansen and Sutera concerning the occurrence of bimodal probability density functions (PDFs) in a wave amplitude index (WAI) calculated from large-scale atmospheric flow data are re-examined. The PDFs are found to be highly sensitive to changes in the parameters used to calculate the WAI. The excessive sensitivity is suggestive of an insufficient number of degrees of freedom in the PDFs. The Monte Carlo test used by Hansen and Sutera to establish the statistical significance of their PDFs is reexamined, with emphasis on their attempt to compensate for the interdependence between neighboring data points in their time series of the WAI. Their random samples contained only one (independent) data point for each 4.5 data points in the WAI time series. It is shown that in order to generate PDFs with the same degree of smoothing as the WAI PDF, they should have simultaneously reduced the smoothing parameter in the maximum penalized likelihood (MPL) algorithm by the same factor. When t...
Existence and Non-linear Stability of Rotating Star Solutions of the Compressible Euler–Poisson Equations

We prove the existence of rotating star solutions which are steady-state solutions of the compressible isentropic Euler–Poisson (Euler–Poisson) equations in three spatial dimensions with prescribed angular momentum and total mass. This problem can be formulated as a variational problem of finding a minimizer of an energy functional in a broader class of functions having less symmetry than those functions considered in the classical Auchmuty–Beals paper. We prove the non-linear dynamical stability of these solutions with perturbations having the same total mass and symmetry as the rotating star solution. We also prove finite time stability of \(W^{1, \infty}(\mathbb {R}^{3})\) solutions where the perturbations are entropy-weak solutions of the Euler–Poisson equations. Finally, we give a uniform (in time) a priori estimate for entropy-weak solutions of the Euler–Poisson equations.
SEXUAL FUNCTION IN MEN WITH DIABETES TYPE 2: ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL

Purpose: We evaluated the association of glycemic control with erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes type 2.Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of men with diabetes type 2 at the Clevel...
Surface approximation by spline smoothing and generalized cross-validation

Abstract A technique is developed to approximate multi-dimensional surfaces based on smoothing splines. The tensor product is used to extend a one-dimensional spline basis to higher dimensions. The method of generalized cross-validation is applied to choose the smoothing parameter which is computed with the aid of the generalized singular value decomposition of the design and penalty matrices. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the technique.
Mechanism analysis of a trisector

Abstract This paper presents a graphical procedure for analyzing a trisector – a mechanism used for trisecting an arbitrary acute angle. The trisector employed was a working model designed and built for this purpose. The procedure, when applied to the mechanism at the 60° angle, which has been proven to be not trisectable as well as the 45° angle for benchmarking (since this angle is known to be trisectable), produced results that compared remarkably in both precision and accuracy. For example, in both cases, the trisection angles found were 20.00000°, and 15.00000°, respectively, as determined by The Geometer’s Sketch Pad software. Considering the degree of accuracy of these results (i.e. five decimal places) and the fact that it represents the highest level of precision attainable by the software, it is felt that the achievement is noteworthy, notwithstanding the theoretical proofs of Wantzel, Dudley, and others [Underwood Dudley, A Budget of Trisections, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987; Clarence E. Hall, The equilateral triangle, Engineering Design Graphics Journal 57 (2) (1993); Howard Eves, An Introduction to The History of Mathematics, sixth ed., Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1990; Henrich Tietze, Famous Problems of Mathematics, Graylock Press, New York, 1965].
CD20-targeted measles virus shows high oncolytic specificity in clinical samples from lymphoma patients independent of prior rituximab therapy

New therapeutic modalities for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL) are needed, especially for relapsing and aggressive subtypes. Toward this end, we previously generated a fully CD20-targeted and armed measles virus, and tested its efficacy in a xenograft model of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we quantify its spread in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and/or tissue of patients with different histological subtypes of B-NHL, including splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). CD20-targeted MV efficiently infects lymphoma cells from SMZL and MCL while sparing most cells in the CD20-negative population, in contrast to the parental vaccine-lineage MV, which infects CD20-positive and CD20-negative cells equally. Rituximab therapy (4-8 months before relapse) did not interfere with the infectivity and specificity of MV(green)H(blind)antiCD20 in patient lymphoma samples. Thus, CD20-targeted oncolytic virotherapy is likely to be effective after previous antiCD20 therapy.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP binds the androgen receptor in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

In Eukarya, the 26S proteasome is primarily responsible for intracellular protein degradation. To be degraded, proteins must be ubiquitinated. The latter requires a multi-enzyme cascade consisting of an E1, an E2, and an E3 enzyme. While there is only a single E1 and a few E2s, there are many different E3s that target substrates by recognizing specific sequence motifs, known as degrons. Here, we have used the peptide array technology to identify binding motifs in the human androgen receptor (AR), which are recognized by the Carboxyl-terminus of Hsc70-Interacting Protein (CHIP), a U-box E3 and Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone. We show that CHIP recognizes AR in a highly specific, phosphorylation- and sequence-dependent manner, and propose that this interaction could provide a mechanism that regulates the degradation of CHIP substrates.
Pathological and non-pathological features of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Revisiting basic assumptions of cognitive models

Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (e.g., Rachman, 1997; Salkovskis, 1985) have been highly influential over the last few decades, garnering a wealth of research support. However, they have not generally led to improvements in the treatment of OCD. In the current paper, we argue that several features of OCD that cognitive models identify as dysfunctional may actually be non-pathological. Specifically, we discuss how dysfunctional beliefs central to cognitive theories may be epiphenomena and features of OCD assumed to be pathological (e.g., intrusion-related distress) may be normative. We also identify several gaps in the literature and present directions for future research.
Pulmonary edema following retrobulbar block

We report a patient requiring keratoplasty who developed acute pulmonary edema following the administration of a retrobulbar block for anesthesia. A variety of factors that may have been implicated in the genesis of this complication are discussed.
Quantitative fuzzy cognitive maps for data integration

Fuzzy cognitive maps are an emerging technique for knowledge elicitation and data synthesis. The technique can capture the cause and effect relationships that subject matter experts believe to exist about a problem. A chief advantage of this method is that a common metric for different attributes does not need to be determined because states of attributes are compared to states of attributes. This is also a disadvantage because the map can only infer a qualitative state for a node of interest, not a numerical value. To overcome this limitation, nodes are modeled using fuzzy sets that are then propagated through the map. Borrowing techniques used in fuzzy control systems, the scaled fuzzy sets can then be used to yield a crisp numerical value for the attribute represented by the node.
Analysis of cracks near interfaces between dissimilar anisotropic materials

Abstract The class of problems concerning cracks of arbitrary size and orientation near bimaterial interfaces between dissimilar anisotropic materials is considered. Stress intensity factors are computed for such cracks by numerically solving singular integral equations derived using the complex variable formulation of Lekhnitskii. Of particular interest is the role of the stresses parallel to the interface, and their dependence on the interplay between the elastic constants of the two materials.
Effects of rubratoxin B on prenatal development in mice

Single doses (0.4, 0.6, 0.9, or 1.2 mg/kg) of rubratoxin B were given ip to albino mice on days 6–12 of gestation and fetuses were examined on day 18. Results indicated that rubratoxin is a growth retardant, a potent embryocide and a teratogen. Exencephaly, malformed pinnae, malformed jaws, umbilical hernia and open eye were the most commonly noted developmental anomalies associated with rubratoxin treatment.
Experimental test of a TMV replication model. Attempts to identify molecular precursors of TMV-RNA and determine the time required to synthesize a TMV-RNA molecule

Abstract A kinetic model of TMV replication based on the observed virus accumulation and known models of RNA virus replication has been tested experimentally by applying it to the identification of molecular precursors of TMV-RNA and the time required to synthesize a TMV-RNA molecule. We have kinetically characterized a MW 4.0 × 10 6 RNA species (component “Y”) from TMV-infected leaves which accumulates 32 P in a manner consistent with the predictions of our model for a double-stranded replicative form (RF) intermediate in TMV-RNA replication. Another high molecular-weight RNA component (3 × 10 6 ) was studied with respect to its kinetics of 32 P incorporation. This RNA species (component “X”) is shown to accumulate at late stages of infection and to incorporate 32 P at rates which indicate that it is not a precursor of TMV-RNA. Estimates from analysis of early (exponential) stages of TMV infection suggest that the time required to synthesize a TMV-RNA molecule is on the order of 20 min. This result assumes a replicative intermediate which synthesizes only one TMV-RNA molecule at a time. Data obtained at late (linear) stages of infection suggest that, relative to the early stage, there are proportionately more nascent TMV-RNA plus strands per replicative intermediate and that metabolic turnover of minus-strand templates occurs at a significant rate.
Comparison of NMR Shieldings Calculated from Hartree−Fock and Density Functional Wave Functions Using Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals

A numerically accurate implementation of the gauge-including atomic orbital method for the calculation of NMR shieldings in density functional theory (DFT) is presented. Results calculated by this method are compared with results of SCF and accurate coupled cluster calculations for eight small molecules. Three sets of DFT results, obtained using different exchange-correlation functionals, are further compared with each other, with the SCF data, and with experiment for a set of 10 somewhat larger organic molecules. The DFT values show a modest improvement compared to SCF theory. Potential computational savings using density functional theory are discussed.