cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrooptic effects in ferroelectric ceramics

Ferroelectric ceramics are piezoelectric and optically birefringent. Moreover, their coefficients of piezoelectricity and birefringence are electrically variable. Consequently, these ceramics are applicable to a variety of devices: electrically tuned oscillators and transformers; miniaturized high-Q, high-frequency filters; FM discriminators; optical memories; electrically Controlled light shutters and valves; and electrically activated multicolor displays. This article deals with some possibilities for devices that exploit the electrically controllable optical effects. A later article will consider piezoelectric applications.
Faraday Effect in Germanium at Room Temperature

When a plane polarized electromagnetic wave passes through a semiconductor and a static magnetic field is applied along the direction of propagation, there occurs a rotation of the plane of polarization and the transmitted radiation is found to be elliptically polarized. This effect is due to the influence of the free charge carriers in the semiconductor and has been analyzed using the Drude-Zener model. For small losses, weak magnetic fields, and small values of $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}$ (assuming the relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ to be energy independent) the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization can be expressed to a first order of approximation by the simple formula: $\ensuremath{\theta}=\frac{1}{2}{(\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}}{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}(\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\ensuremath{\mu}B}{\ensuremath{\surd}{K}^{\ensuremath{'}}})t,$ where $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the Hall mobility, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}$ is the dc conductivity, $B$ is the magnetic field, $t$ is the thickness of sample traversed, ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is the dielectric constant of the material at the frequency employed in the experiments, and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ are the dielectric constant and the permeability of free space respectively. For spherical energy surfaces, the degree of ellipticity, which is a second-order effect, can be expressed by the relation $\mathcal{E}={(\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}}{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}[\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}(\ensuremath{\mu}B)(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau})}{\ensuremath{\surd}{K}^{\ensuremath{'}}}]t$ where $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is the frequency and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is the relaxation time. Thus, for small losses the ellipticity is proportional to the latter quantity. For the case of low frequencies, the effect can be explained by the introduction of a Hall-effect type field into Maxwell's equations. In general, the angle of rotation and the ellipticity may depend on the direction of the applied magnetic field because of the nonspherical nature of the energy surfaces.Room-temperature measurements of the angle of rotation at microwave frequencies on both $n$- and $p$-type samples of germanium gave values of 3780 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec and 3300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for the electron and hole mobilities respectively. The method should be applicable to the determination of mobilities in powdered samples without using electrodes, if the field inside the powdered particles is determined by a Clausius-Mosotti type approximation.
Terminal airway embryology of the delphinid porpoises, Stenella attenuata and S. longirostris

A light microscopic investigation of the histological development of the terminal airways of 18 Stenella attenuata and two S. longirostris showed the lungs to be in a glandular stage of development until 3 months postimplantation (p.i.) age. By 3.5 months (p.i.) the lung was at the canalicular stage. At 4 months mesenchymal rings and muscular bands were in a sphincterlike arrangement around terminal bronchioles. At 7 months (p.i.) the alveolar stage occurred. About 8-9 months cartilaginous rings were present and in association with myoelastic sphincters. Their function remains an enigma, even though many hypotheses as to function have been proposed. We suggest that the presence of well-developed sphincters and cartilage in the neonate may give clues to their function as well as offer potential experiments that would not be as suitable in the adult porpoise.
Unbound bilirubin in a term newborn with kernicterus.

In premature newborns, bilirubin-induced changes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) begin at unbound (nonalbumin-bound or “free”) bilirubin levels above .5 μg/dL,1 and kernicterus becomes likely at levels between ∼1 and 1.5 μg/dL (.017-.026 μmol/L).2,3 In term newborns, however, unbound bilirubin levels between .9 and 2 μg/dL, which would be associated kernicterus in premature newborns, produce only subtle, reversible changes in ABR wave latency and amplitude.4 Although the unbound bilirubin levels associated with kernicterus in term newborns are unknown, they clearly are greater than the levels associated with kernicterus in premature infants. This indicates that, as with the total bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin ratio, the unbound bilirubin levels associated with kernicterus increase as birth weight and gestation increase.1,5 We have been using a Food & Drug Administration-approved method6 for measuring unbound bilirubin in jaundiced newborns as an adjunct to their clinical care since 1998. We use a weight-based unbound bilirubin reference value of 1.3 μg/dL/kg (the level of unbound bilirubin at which exchange transfusion should be considered) up to a maximum of 4 μg/dL to accommodate the need to increase the reference unbound bilirubin as birth weight increases and to incorporate the solubility limits of unbound bilirubin at ph 7.4 (∼4 μg/dL) into the reference criteria.1–5,7–9 We recently encountered a term, jaundiced newborn that developed acute shock and died, apparently from kernicterus. This report describes the infant’s clinical course and bilirubin-albumin binding data. This case provides insight into the levels of unbound bilirubin associated with kernicterus in term infants as well as the acute changes in distribution of the bilirubin load (miscible bilirubin pool) between the tissues and the vascular space following the onset of kernicterus. A 110-hour-old (4.5-day-old) Nigerian male newborn presented to … Reprint requests to (C.E.A.) Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, California Pacific Medical Center, 3850 California St, San Francisco, CA 94118. E-mail: ligand{at}centurytel.net
Airway Management in Fixed Flexion Deformity using an Alternative Method of ILMA Insertion

Fixed flexion deformity is a sequel of burns and their release under anaesthesia pose difficulty during intubation. Various modalities are used for airway management in such cases. Here we present the successful airway manage­ment in a patient with post burn contracture who was managed with use of intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) introduced in reverse direction with 180 0 rotation for insertion.
Transcultural theater: The viewer response to Draussen vor der Tuer

(1996). Transcultural theater: The viewer response to Draussen vor der Tuer. The European Legacy: Vol. 1, Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas, pp. 1219-1224.
Diffusion coefficient of paracetamol in a chitosan hydrogel

The diffusion coefficient of the analgesic drug paracetamol (acetaminophen) in macroporous chitosan hydrogels has been measured using a diaphragm cell technique. The pore structure in the hydrogel was varied by changing the amount of chitosan added to the aqueous solution. At 37 °C, the measured values of the diffusion coefficient are between 0.1 and 5×10−8 m2/s depending on the macropore size in the hydrogel. The diffusivity increases with temperature and the activation energy has been estimated to be on the order of 25 to 30 kJ/mole. The data indicate that solute transport through the gel occurs primarily by Fickian diffusion.
Days of Death, Days of Life: Ritual in the Popular Culture of Oaxaca by Kristin Norget

Days of Death, Days of Life: Ritual in the Popular Culture of Oaxaca Kristin Norget. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Day of the Dead festivities in Oaxaca, Mexico, in late October and early November have drawn the attention of students of popular culture, tourists, and urban anthropologists, including the author of this work. However, this book goes well beyond an analysis of the Day of the Dead rituals. It is an extensive study of the rituals surrounding death, as well as the symbolic, spiritual, and physical experiences of death, particularly among the poor in urban Oaxaca. To obtain her information, the author did field research between the years 1989 and 1993 in five poor neighborhoods in urban Oaxaca. She personally attended numerous funerals, wakes, and prayer services, and conducted seventy-five open-ended interviews with families on themes tied to death. She also recorded videos and took photographs of family death rituals. The book is divided into three major parts: popular life and rituals in Oaxaca, popular death rites and experiences, and Day of the Dead rituals in poor, urban Oaxaca. In the first chapters of the book she details the history, geography, and social and cultural backgrounds of Oaxaca, particularly of the poor neighborhoods. Her descriptions of the differences among death rituals as practiced by the Mexican Catholic Church and popular practices were especially interesting. Although the new evangelization project of the Catholic Church gave the Oaxacan poor a sense of greater selfdirection and brought more women into leadership roles in Church rituals, it failed to change the strong, local, popular religious beliefs and practices. The author maintains that the strength of popular religion originates from the ever-present religiosity in everyday life which helps lessprivileged citizens of Oaxaca cope with the daily challenges of urban living. This theme of popular religion is continued in part two of the study where the author argues that popular rituals of death mediate tension among social classes and provide possibilities for the poor communities and individuals to renew or recover spiritually and improve themselves morally and physically. Women are given a greater opportunity to play a larger role in the community through rituals of death. Chapter four of the study, an analysis of death rituals in poor neighborhoods of Oaxaca, is particularly insightful. The author contends that death rituals create a moral identity for poor Oaxacan families and individuals. Some of the rituals are Catholic-based, such as confession, the last rites, and the funeral mass, but most are derived from popular beliefs. …
Deoxygenation affects fluorescence photobleaching recovery measurements of red cell membrane protein lateral mobility

We have used the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique to study the dependence on oxygen tension of the lateral mobility of fluorescently labeled band 3, the phospholipid analogue fluorescein phosphatidylethanolamine, and glycophorins in normal red blood cell membranes. Band 3 protein and sialic acid moieties on glycophorins were labeled specifically with eosin maleimide and fluorescein thiosemicarbazide, respectively. The band 3 diffusion rate increased from 1.7 x 10(-11) cm2 s-1 to 6.0 x 10(-11) cm2 s-1 as oxygen tension was decreased from 156 to 2 torr, and a further increase to 17 x 10(-11) cm2 s-1 occurred as oxygen tension was decreased from 2 to 0 torr. The fractional mobility of band 3 decreased from 58 to 32% as oxygen tension was decreased from 156 to 0 torr. The phospholipid diffusion coefficient remained constant as oxygen tension was decreased from 156 to 20 torr, but increased from 2.3 x 10(-9) cm2 s-1 to 7.1 x 10(-9) cm2 s-1 as oxygen tension was decreased from 20 to 0 torr. Neither the diffusion coefficient nor the fractional mobility of glycophorins changed significantly at low oxygen tension. Under non-bleaching excitation conditions, intensities of fluorescence emission were identical for oxygenated and deoxygenated eosin-labeled RBCs. Deoxygenated eosin-labeled RBCs required 160-fold greater laser intensities than did oxygenated RBCs to achieve comparable extents of photobleaching, however. Oxygen seems to act as a facilitator of fluorophore photobleaching and may thereby protect the fluorescently labeled red cell membrane from photodamage. Removal of oxygen may allow excited state fluorophores in close proximity to the plasma membrane to react with neighboring proteins or lipids during photobleaching. This effect has important implications for the ability of the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique to report accurate lateral mobilities of cell membrane molecules under hypoxic conditions.
Nuclear pumping by the U-235 /n,ff/ FF reaction

The quenching role of the UF6 in noble gas nuclear pumped lasers is examined. Detailed results are presented for He-UF6-Xe system. These results indicate that depletion of the atomic ion is the mechanism responsible for the observed behavior. Based on this it is concluded that UF6 is not compatible with noble gas lasers but should be compatible with molecular lasers.
Regulation of AP-2 and apoptosis in developing eye in a vitamin A-deficiency model.

BACKGROUND Eye malformations induced by vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is a major part of the VAD syndrome. But the signaling role of retinoic acid (RA) in ocular tissues is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine the role of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in the development of eye and the possible signaling pathway. METHODS Time-pregnant mice were treated with 1 mg/kg dose of RAR antagonist AGN193109 (AGN) on 8 days postcoitum (dpc). Newborn mice and 18-dpc embryos were used for phenotype studies. Embryonic eyes of 18 dpc were sectioned for histological study. With immunohistochemistry and TUNEL method, we monitored the alternation of AP-2 expression and apoptotic cells in sections of 12- to 18-dpc embryos. RESULTS Treatment with AGN resulted in severe craniofacial and eye malformations in virtually all exposed fetuses. The ocular abnormalities included severe defects in anterior segments such as focal corneal thickening and eversion, absence of corneal endothelium and anterior chamber, differentiation defects of lens, as well as defects in posterior segment such as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and retinal eversions. The percentage of AP-2–positive cells in ocular tissues on 12, 14, and 18 dpc was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in AGN-treated eyes compared to control ones. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cell was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in AGN-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS The blocking of RAR function can lead to ocular abnormalities that depict partial phenocopies of vitamin A–deficiency syndrome. Both an inhibition of expression of AP-2 and an enhancement of cell death contribute to AGN-induced ocular defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67: 41–53, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Similarity and Invariance in Scaled Bilateral Telemanipulation

This paper addresses the issue of dynamic similarity and intensive property invariance in scaled bilateral manipulation, and offers a design methodology based on these considerations. The methodology incorporates dimensional analysis techniques to define a set of necessary and sufficient conditions to preserve the dynamic imilarity of any physical environment. These techniques are utilized to demonstrate that any combination of kinematic and force scaling in a bilateral manipulator control structure will preserve the dynamic similarity of any physical environment, Any combination of kinematic and force scaling, however, will not in general maintain intensive property invariance between the original and scaled physical environments, and thus will result in lost information. As such, the dimensional analysis methods are further utilized to form the basis of a constrained optimization problem that enables selection of a force scaling factor that minimizes the intensive distortion of the environment. The proposed formulation is applicable to any physical environment, including those that are nonlinear and contain multiple degrees of freedom. Further, the formulation does not require an exact environmental model, provided the parameters that influence the environment are known. The proposed techniques are particularly relevant to bilateral manipulation of a a microscopic environment (i.e., macro-micro bilateral manipulation ), since such environments are difficult to model exactly and are largely influenced by nonlinear effects.
Experiences in teaching parallel computing—five years later

Since 1990, the Computer Science Department at Rochester Institute of Technology has offered a concentration in parallel computing. This concentration is available both to undergraduates and to students studying for the masters degree.This paper documents our experiences with the selection of hardware and software to support our parallel computing program. We describe our concentration, and we report on the networking established between Rochester Institute of Technology and other colleges and universities, designed to provide support for educators who are attempting to introduce parallel computing into their curricula. Finally, we look at what we might do differently if we were starting today.
Familial, Medical and Developmental Patterns of Children with Autism and a History of Language Regression

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social and communication skills, as well as repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior. A common feature of children with autism is regression or loss of spoken words. The aim of this study was to systematically review medical and familial conditions in children with autism with regression and those without regression in order to determine relevant factors, in regard to regression, that might lead to identifying factors in etiology. Eighty-two children with autism were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. In addition, medical and familial information was collected on each child in order to determine any differences between the children with regression and those without. Results confirmed previous findings of minimal differences in child characteristics, family history, prenatal and perinatal factors, developmental concerns, behavioral concerns, and medical findings in children who regress.
Nitric oxide given via a head-box for persistent neonatal pulmonary hypertension

A neonate presenting with persistent pulmonary hypertension and severe hypoxemia was treated with nitric oxide administered into a head-box. Improvement of clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic parameters were observed during therapy, suggesting an acute decrease of pulmonary arterial pressure. It is feasible to administer nitric oxide to non-ventilated neonates provided all recommended safety precautions are observed
Cooper Pairing in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Magnetism

Quand la supraconductivite avec appariement de spins singulets de Cooper existe en presence d'un magnetisme inhomogene, il existe une amplitude d'appariement de spins triplets de Cooper en plus de l'amplitude d'appariement de spins singulets de Cooper, meme s'il existe seulement une interaction de paire de spins singulets et un potentiel de paires
Bypassing The Oral Cavity: The Use of Tube Esophagostomy For Long‐Term Enteral Nutritional Support In A Foal

Summary A premature foal developed severe aspiration pneumonia secondary to persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate associated with marked edema of the larynx and nasopharynx. Tube esophagostomy was used successfully for long-term nutritional supplementation. There were no complications, and bypass of the larynx and pharynx allowed resolution of the palatal abnormality and subsequent resolution of the aspiration pneumonia. (Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care, 10:7–12, 2000)
Ultrafast Electronic and Structural Response of Monolayer MoS2 under Intense Photoexcitation Conditions

We report on the dynamical response of single layer transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 to intense above-bandgap photoexcitation using the nonlinear-optical second order susceptibility as a direct probe of the electronic and structural dynamics. Excitation conditions corresponding to the order of one electron-hole pair per unit cell generate unexpected increases in the second harmonic from monolayer films, occurring on few picosecond time-scales. These large amplitude changes recover on tens of picosecond time-scales and are reversible at megahertz repetition rates with no photoinduced change in lattice symmetry observed despite the extreme excitation conditions.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits activation of HER-2/neu and downstream signaling pathways in human head and neck and breast carcinoma cells.

Overexpression of the HER-2/neu receptor (HER-2) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma and also in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a previous study on HNSCC cell lines, we found that epigalocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major biologically active component of green tea, inhibited activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and thereby inhibited EGFR-related downstream signaling pathways in HNSCC cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of EGCG on activation of the HER-2 receptor in human HNSCC and breast carcinoma cell lines that display constitutive activation of HER-2. Treatment of these cells with 10 or 30 μg of EGCG, respectively, doses that cause 50% inhibition of growth, markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of HER-2 in both cell lines. This was associated with inhibition of Stat3 activation, inhibition of c- fos and cyclin D1 promoter activity, and decreased cellular levels of the cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL proteins. Although these concentrations of EGCG are quite high, we found that concentrations of 0.1–1.0 μg/ml, which are in the range of plasma concentrations after administering a single oral dose of EGCG or a green tea extract, markedly enhanced the sensitivity of both types of cell lines to growth inhibition by Taxol, a drug frequently used in the treatment of breast carcinoma and HNSCC. These results, taken together with previous evidence that EGCG also inhibits activation of the EGFR in carcinoma cells, suggest that EGCG may be useful in treating cases of breast carcinoma and HNSCC in which activation of the EGFR and/or HER-2 plays important roles in tumor survival and growth.
Towards a conceptual model of software piracy: from students perspective

Today, software piracy is an issue of global importance to businesses and software developers. Software piracy has been a major problem and costs billions of dollars worldwide annually. Ever since the invention of the internet, and the increasing speed at which information has been shared, people have found ways to illegally share information in a variety of ways. Computer information systems (CIS), management information system (MIS) or computer science (CS) students are the future information and communication technologies professionals and it is important to study the way they approach this issue. In this article, an attempt is made to introduce a software piracy model and test it in order to resolve this issue more successfully. This study presents an exploratory investigation designed to identify some factors leading to software piracy intention. 190 students from nine different courses at two various universities took part in this investigation. The study supports that the main motive of software piracy is the high cost of the software. The study suggested a number of hypotheses and they were tested using a series of t-test. The author hopes that this paper provides valuable insights into the notation of educational design as an important part of an academic's routine activities.
Mice with a severe deficiency in protein C display prothrombotic and proinflammatory phenotypes and compromised maternal reproductive capabilities

Anticoagulant protein C (PC) is important not only for maintenance of normal hemostasis, but also for regulating the host immune response during inflammation. Because mice with a designed total genetic deficiency in PC (PC–/– mice) die soon after birth, attempts to dissect PC function in various coagulation/inflammation-based pathologies through use of mice with less than 50% of normal PC levels have not been successful to date. In the current investigation, we have used a novel transgenic strategy to generate different mouse models expressing 1–18% of normal PC levels. In contrast to PC–/– mice, mice with only partial PC deficiency survived beyond birth and also developed thrombosis and inflammation. The onset and severity of these phenotypes vary significantly and are strongly dependent on plasma PC levels. Our findings additionally provide the first evidence that maternal PC is vital for sustaining pregnancy beyond 7.5 days postcoitum, likely by regulating the balance of coagulation and inflammation during trophoblast invasion. These low PC–expressing transgenic mouse lines provide novel animal models that can be used to elucidate the importance of PC in maintenance of the organism and in disease.
Value Orientations, Gender, and Environmental Concern:

A social-psychological model is developed to examine the proposition that environmentalism represents a new way of thinking. It presumes that action in support of environmental quality may derive from any of three value orientations: egoistic, social-altruistic, or biospheric, and that gender may be implicated in the relation between these orientations and behavior. Behavioral intentions are modeled as the sum across values of the strength of a value times the strength of beliefs about the consequences of environmental conditions for valued objects. Evidence from a survey of 349 college students shows that beliefs about consequences for each type of valued object independently predict willingness to take political action, but only beliefs about consequences for self reliably predict willingness to pay through taxes. This result is consistent with other recent findings from contingent valuation surveys. Women have stronger beliefs than men about consequences for self, others, and the biosphere, but there i...
Modeling of 3-D interactive forces in nanomanipulation

Previous studies on nanomanipulation using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) go through the scan-design-manipulation-scan cycle, in which an operator does not have any real-time visual feedback during manipulation. In this paper, a simple model of tip-substrate-object interactive forces has been presented for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on this model, the real-time tip-substrate-object interactive forces are used to update the AFM images in order to provide the operator with real-time visual feedback. The real-time visual display combining with real-time force feedback provides an augmented reality environment, in which the operator not only can feel the real-time 3-D interaction forces but also observe the real-time changes of the nano-environment.
Heart rate response to onset of exercise: evidence for enhanced cardiac sympathetic activity in animals susceptible to ventricular fibrillation

A large heart rate (HR) increase at the onset of exercise has been linked to an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiac death. However, the relationship between changes ...
Gentlemen and Scholars: College and Community in the “Age of the University,” 1865–1917

This book provides a new look at the social and cultural roles of the American college after the Civil War. Historians have dubbed the period from the Civil War to World War I "the age of the university," suggesting that colleges were becoming out of touch with American society. Bruce Leslie however challenges this view through case studies of four representative colleges from the Middle Atlantic region Bucknell, Franklin and Marshall, Princeton, and Swarthmore.Nineteenth-century colleges generally were founded to serve ethnic, denominational, and local interests. After mid-century, however, many were forced to seek financial support from wealthy alumni and urban benefactors, leading to the gradual reorientation of these schools toward an emerging national urban Protestant culture. Colleges therefore found it essential to respond to new currents in American society and higher education. Leslie develops his argument from a close study of faculties, curricula, financial constituencies, student bodies, and campus life."
Signaling pathways controlling cell polarity and chemotaxis

Many important biological processes, including chemotaxis (directional cell movement up a chemoattractant gradient), require a clearly established cell polarity and the ability of the cell to respond to a directional signal. Recent advances using Dictyostelium cells and mammalian leukocytes have provided insights into the biochemical and molecular pathways that control chemotaxis. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase plays a central and possibly pivotal role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity by regulating the subcellular localization and activation of downstream effectors that are essential for regulating cell polarity and proper chemotaxis. This review outlines our present understanding of these pathways.
The Derivatives Market's Payment Priorities as Financial Crisis Accelerator

Chapter 11 bars bankrupt debtors from immediately repaying their creditors, so that the bankrupt firm can reorganize without creditors shredding the bankrupt’s business. Not so for the bankrupt’s derivatives counterparties, who unlike most creditors, even most other secured creditors, can seize and immediately liquidate collateral, net out gains and losses, terminate their contracts with the bankrupt, and keep both preferential eve-of-bankruptcy payments and fraudulent conveyances they obtained from the debtor in ways that favor them over other creditors. Their right to jump to the head of the bankruptcy re-payment line, in ways that even ordinary secured creditors cannot, weakens their incentives for market discipline in managing their credits to the debtor; it reduces their concern for the risk of counterparty failure and bankruptcy, since they do well in any resulting bankruptcy. If they were made to account better for counterparty risk, they would be more likely to insist that there be stronger counterparties than otherwise on the other side of their derivatives bets, thereby insisting for their own good on strengthening the financial system. True, because they bear less risk, nonprioritized creditors bear more and thus have more incentive to monitor the debtor or to assure themselves that the debtor is a safe bet. But the repo and derivatives market’s other creditors - such as the United States of America - are poorly positioned contractually either to consistently monitor the derivatives debtors’ well or to fully replicate the needed market discipline. Bankruptcy policy should harness private incentives for counterparty market discipline by cutting back the extensive de facto priorities for these investment channels now embedded in chapter 11 and related laws. More generally, when we subsidize derivatives and repos activity via bankruptcy benefits not open to other creditors, we get more of the activity than we otherwise would. Repeal would induce the derivatives market to better recognize the risks of counterparty financial failure, which in turn should dampen the possibility of another AIG/Bear/Lehman financial meltdown, thereby helping to maintain financial stability. Repeal would lift the de facto bankruptcy subsidy. Yet the major financial reform package Congress just enacted lacked the needed cutbacks.
ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF SUPERFLUID HELIUM IN A ROTATING CYLINDER.

The angular momenta of low-energy states of superfluid helium in a circular cylinder rotating about its axis are calculated on the basis of the Onsager-Feynman vortex model. The ranges of angular velocity, in which $n=0, 1, 2, \dots{}, 7$ vortices successively give the lowest-energy state, are determined. The angular velocity range in which an $n$-vortex state may be metastable is also considered. Finally, the relaxation time due to interaction of the normal fluid with a vortex state which is not metastable is computed, following a similar calculation by Hall and Vinen.
Beyond Pairwise: Provably Fast Algorithms for Approximate k-Way Similarity Search

We go beyond the notion of pairwise similarity and look into search problems with k-way similarity functions. In this paper, we focus on problems related to 3-way Jaccard similarity: $\mathcal{R}^{3way}= \frac{|S_1 \cap S_2 \cap S_3|}{|S_1 \cup S_2 \cup S_3|}$, $S_1, S_2, S_3 \in \mathcal{C}$, where $\mathcal{C}$ is a size n collection of sets (or binary vectors). We show that approximate R3way similarity search problems admit fast algorithms with provable guarantees, analogous to the pairwise case. Our analysis and speedup guarantees naturally extend to k-way resemblance. In the process, we extend traditional framework of locality sensitive hashing (LSH) to handle higher-order similarities, which could be of independent theoretical interest. The applicability of $\mathcal{R}^{3way}$ search is shown on the "Google Sets" application. In addition, we demonstrate the advantage of $\mathcal{R}^{3way}$ resemblance over the pairwise case in improving retrieval quality.
Insertions and functions of certain flexor muscles in the hind leg of rodents.

This survey includes 58 genera of rodents from 26 families. The medial tarsal bone is probably unique to the order. Its presence, nature, and constant relationship with M. tibialis posterior are discussed. This muscle inverts and supinates the pes at the astragulo-navicular joint and moves the ankle. The M. flexor tibialis inserts on the medial sesamoid, on this sesamoid and the integument, on the sesamoid and the tendon of M. flexor fibularis, on the latter tendon only, or on the integument only. The occurrence, nature, and cam-like action of the sesamoid are described. A distal segment of the tendon of M. flexor tibialis usually extends from the sesamoid to either the first phalanx of the first digit or to fascia of an adjacent muscle. Functions of the medial sesamoid include (1) stabilization of the tendon of M. flexor tibialis, (2) deflection of this tendon to benefit flexion of the first phalanx, (3) winching of the medial tarsal ligament to flex the first metatarsal, (4) control of the angle of insertion of the tendon to provide flexion or abduction of the first digit as appropriate during swimming, (5) mechanical multiplication of the tension in the tendon between the segments proximal and distal to the sesamoid, and (6) longitudinal folding of the sole of the pes to grip the substrate, as in climbing.
Identification of compartmental models for perturbed cell populations using state-space parameter estimation techniques

Abstract Multiple compartment models for describing synchronous cell kinetics in which cell populations are characterized by DNA content are reviewed. These models are useful for understanding and predicting a cell population's dynamic response to perturbations induced by drugs or radiation. A practical approach is proposed for determining the parameters of these models from empirical cell-cycle data. Specifically, a state-space parameter estimation algorithm based on the maximum likelihood method - developed and coded primarily for engineering applications and commercially available for personal computers and minicomputers - can be applied to DNA specific cell-cycle measurements from synchronized cell populations to produce model parameter estimates. This is demonstrated using published data from a cell-cycle experiment. The results show that the procedure works well, and that with careful experimental planning even better results should be possible. Since the compartmental model is often used to represent biological systems, this approach is widely applicable.
IMAGING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFARCTION IN THE CLINICAL SETTING

0The article by Levy et al documents the case of a comatose patient with midbasilar artery occlusion who was treated with intraarterial urokinase. Xenon CT evaluation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was done within 1 hour of onset and repeated after thrombolysis. The initial scan, obtained during the period of basilar occlusion, showed very low CBF levels (6 mL/100 g per minute) both in the brain stem and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) distributions bilaterally. Reopening of the vertebrobasilar circulation was accomplished, with the exception of the distal left PCA. Immediately after treatment, brain stem and right PCA CBF values rose to hyperemic levels (60 mL/100 g per minute). Areas of the distal left PCA that remained occluded continued to show very low CBF levels, in the range of 6 mL/100 g per minute, unchanged from pretreatment values. A delayed CT scan showed an infarction confined to the area of persistently reduced CBF involving the unopened distal left PCA. The pattern of blood flow measurements obtained by the authors before and after intraarterial thrombolysis correlated well with outcome as measured by the later observation of infarction on CT scans. Initially, CBF was significantly reduced from its normal value of 50 mL/100 g per minute throughout the territories of the occluded arteries. Repeat CBF measurement following reopening of the basilar artery documented that hyperperfusion had developed within the brain stem, an area that showed no infarction on delayed CT scans. In contrast, areas supplied by the PCA that remained occluded continued to manifest very low levels of blood flow after treatment. Infarction was seen within these portions of the PCA distribution on CT scans. CBF imaging revealed the treatment effect in moving brain stem tissue from the low CBF state associated with ischemic penumbra to the acute hyperperfusion state associated with a good outcome. The case illustrates how basic imaging that reflects parenchymal ischemia may be obtained in the clinical setting and used to interpret the physiology underlying ischemic stroke. In this case, the information provided a basis for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the ischemic process and for monitoring the effects of treatment. The authors’ use of this information is an impor-
Americans’ Value Preferences Pre‐ and Post‐9/11*

Objective This article examines the short- and long-term effects of the attacks of 9/11 on Americans’ value preferences. Method Using data from 1994, 2002, and 2005, I estimate a rank-ordered logit model where the dependent variable is respondents’ rank-ordered preferences on four values central to American political culture. Results The short-term effects of 9/11 are significant: Americans’ were willing to “trade” equality and economic security for social order. In the long term, these effects fade and value preferences swing back to pre-9/11 levels. Conclusion These findings align nicely with a body of literature that suggests that traumatic public events induce feelings of panic and anxiety, thereby causing people to reorder their fundamental political cognitions. As these feelings fade, however, individuals’ fundamental political cognitions revert back toward normal.
Structures and Mechanisms of the Northward Propagating Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation

Abstract The spatial and temporal structures of the northward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) are revealed based on the analysis of both the ECHAM4 model simulation and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The BSISO structure and evolution characteristics simulated by the model bear many similarities to those derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The most notable features are the remarkable meridional asymmetries, relative to the BSISO convection, in the vorticity and specific humidity fields. A positive vorticity perturbation with an equivalent barotropic structure appears a few latitude degrees north of the convection center. The maximum specific humidity also shows a clear northward shift in the lower troposphere. Two internal atmospheric dynamics mechanisms are proposed to understand the cause of the northward propagation of the BSISO. The first is the vertical shear mechanism. The key process associated with this mechanism is the generation of barotropic vorticity due to the couplin...
Nonlinear Response in Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

The chapter illustrates the application of the real time method to calculation of nonlinear response in a variety of molecular systems. It starts with a discussion of parameters that control the stability and quality of calculations. Then the results of calculations for three noble gases and seven molecules are compared to the experimental data as well as to results obtained with Modified Sternheimer approach. The limitations of DFT based methods are discussed. The chapter concludes with the analysis of nonlinear response in silver dimer.
A RANK STATISTIC FOR ASSESSING THE AMOUNT OF VARIATION EXPLAINED BY RISK FACTORS IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES

A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared with R2 utilizing 8.6-year incidence data from the national cooperative Pooling Project and 15-year mortality data from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study. Based on the risk factors, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking status for middle-aged males, the proposed statistic, Q, attains from 27-44% of its maximum value for the endpoint, the first major coronary event, and from 35-46% of the maximum for death from the cardiovascular diseases.
Bringing your a-game: Educational gaming for student success

Abstract Background The purpose of this article is to describe the theoretical basis for the integration of gaming in nursing education and discuss aspects related to the implementation of “The Race for Nursing Student Success” game. Methods This game was designed for 112 junior-level baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in a fundamentals nursing course. Students were divided into groups of 5–8 and rotated through ten specific learning activities that took place in various locations throughout the nursing building. Results Student and faculty feedback indicated positive responses to this instructional strategy and also promoted a learner-centered teaching environment. Conclusion This learning activity supports the use of educational gaming as a means to develop learner-centered environments that provide experiential experiences, enhance learning, and stimulate interest, and motivation for students to learn.
CROSS-CULTURAL INVESTIGATION OF CONSERVATION OF WEIGHT IN ZAMBIAN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

The effect of cross-cultural factors in the acquisition of conservation of weight in adolescents and young adults was assessed. No significant differences were found between 25 Zambian female subjects and two control groups of U. S. high school (n = 52) and university female subjects (n = 34).
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Following Supracervical Hysterectomy Managed With Radiation due to Dabigatran Etexilate

ABSTRACT Background: Dabigatran etexilate, a new oral anticoagulant, has been developed for use in atrial fibrillation. This medication does not require therapeutic monitoring and there is no reversal agent in the event of life-threatening bleeding. We present a case of vaginal hemorrhage because of endometrial adenocarcinoma after a supracervical hysterectomy in a patient using dabigatran. Case: 74-year-old woman status after supracervical hysterectomy presented with profuse vaginal bleeding. Biopsy confirmed high-grade adenocarcinoma, suggesting endometrial origin. Because of recent use of dabigatran and vaginal bleeding she underwent treatment with full-dose radiation and brachytherapy. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma following supracervical hysterectomy is a rare occurrence. In the presence of profuse bleeding because of an anticoagulant with no reversal agents and extended activity, alternate modalities may be used.
Studies on Immunity to Asiatic Cholera. IV. The Excretion of Coproantibody in Experimental Enteric Cholera in the Guinea Pig.

lumen of the bowel; with multiplication and consequent accumulation of endotoxin, possibly in part liberated by autolysis, symptoms appear. It is probable that the infrequent invasion of the deeper tissues plays no significant part in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is characteristic of this kind of infection that the microorganism remains essentially outside the body, and invasion of the tissues, with consequent exposure to the action of antibody in the case of the immune animal, is not a necessary preliminary to the development of the disease. Cholera, and related infections such as bacillary dysentery, thus differ sharply from typhoid fever, and the titration of serum antibody would appear to be at best an indirect measure of effective prophylactic immunity. It is possible that immunity to cholera is dual in nature, including an antitoxic immunity to the vibrio endotoxin, and an antibacterial immunity. The former has been discussed elsewhere (Burrows, Matyer, Wagner and McGann, 1944; Burrows, Wagner and Mather, 1944) in a preliminary way in connection with the endotoxin and will be considered in more detail in a subsequent paper. A functional antibacterial immunity developed during the course of the disease
Letter by Madias Regarding Article, "Three Recurrent Episodes of Apical-Ballooning Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Man".

The contribution by Cattaneo et al,1 published ahead of print on December 15, 2015 in Circulation , about the 66-year-old man who experienced 3 recurrent episodes of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) in the course of 3 years, is unique, because, as the authors stated, the 3 well-documented episodes of classic apical-ballooning TTS involved the same midventricular and apical myocardial territories, and they occurred in a man. Otherwise, recurrence …
The support functioning of agricultural scientific and technological information in new rural construction in yunnan

This paper analyzed the current situation and problems of the using of agricultural scientific and technological information in Yunnan,put forward the views of further strengthening the key issues of constructing basic platform,settling the problem of "the forefront one kilometer" and "the last one kilometer",and providing the better scientific and technological support for rural economic development and new rural construction in Yunnan.
A Debate on Standards Regarding Earthing of Low Voltage System

The low voltage system is directly associated with the consumer and proper earthing is vital for the equipment as well as personal safety.But so far,little attention has been given to standards concerning low voltage system earthing in China,resulting in lots of defects in part of the standards.It is for this reason that the authors have explored extensive domestic and international standards and have some of them compared.For the inconsistency existing between these standards,an analysis is made and conclusions are drawn.By referring to the IEC standards,the deficiency of the domestic standards are pointed out,including improper terminology,additional earthing and earthing sharing.Scenarios for additional earthing and earthing sharing are generalized and revision suggestions are offered.