cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explicit analytical expressions for frequency equation and mode shapes of composite beams

Abstract A systematic procedure for the derivation of exact expressions for the frequency equation and mode shapes of composite beams undergoing free vibration is presented by using the symbolic computing package reduce . The effect of material coupling between the bending and torsional modes of deformation, which usually exists in composite beams due to ply orientation, is taken into account while developing the theory. The governing differential equations of motion of the bending–torsion coupled composite beam are solved analytically for bending displacements and torsional rotations in free vibration. For subsequent developments, the important case of the cantilever beam is chosen because of its application to aircraft wings. The boundary conditions for displacements and forces for the cantilever are imposed and the frequency equation is obtained, but first in the form of a determinant, and then, in the form of an explicit algebraic expression. The expressions for the mode shapes are also derived in explicit analytical form. The method is demonstrated by an illustrative example of a composite beam for which some comparative results are available in the literature. The future potential of this method, particularly in the context of aeroelastic optimisation of composite wings, is considerable because it is very accurate, computationally efficient and importantly, free from ill-conditioning problems usually associated with numerical matrix manipulation.
Trilosporoides platessae gen. et sp. n. (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) in the plaice Pleuronectes platessa (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) from Denmark.

A new myxosporean species, Trilosporoides platessae gen. et sp. n. (Multivalvulida), is described from the gallbladder of the plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. (Pleuronectidae) from Denmark. The myxospore of T. platessae is conical in side view, with a 24 µm long, pointed posterior projection. In apical view, the myxospore (diameter 9.4 µm) is round, trilobed and with three spherical polar capsules arranged peripherally, equidistant and opening peripherally through protruding tips. The polar cap- sules are of different sizes, one often larger than the others (diameter 3.3 µm vs. 2.5 µm). Apart from the long posterior projec- tion, the myxospore of T. platessae differs from those of the three known species of Trilospora Noble, 1959 and from all genera within the order Multivalvulida Shulman, 1959 in the arrangement of the polar capsules. Trilosporoides platessae may temporar- ily be placed in the vicinity of the Trilosporidae. Examination of myxozoans in marine fish in Den- mark has revealed previously undescribed myxosporean species in various fish species. Even though the plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. (Pleuronectidae) had been much studied, both in the Oresund during the previous year and abroad, a new myxozoan species has been found in its gallbladder only recently. This species, which differs from all known multivalvulidan myxozo- ans in the arrangement of the polar capsules, is de- scribed as a new genus and a new species below. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 juvenile specimens of the plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. were caught with a beach seine net at a depth of about 1 m close to the North harbour of Helsingor, the North- ern Oresund in May 2005. The salinity at this depth is usually between 12 and 20‰. The fish specimens were 1-group (from previous winter) and 10-15 cm long. The specimens were examined immediately upon capture. The body cavity of the fish was opened from the anal opening to the gills and the internal organs were examined using a dissection microscope. Fresh smears of urine, urinary bladder wall, various parts of the digestive tract, kidney, bile, gallbladder wall, liver, gills and musculature were compressed between the slide and cov- erslip. Smears of bile were air-dried, methanol-fixed, stained with Giemsa and embedded in DPX. Measurements (n = 10) in µm are based on fresh smears and are given as the mean with the range in parentheses. RESULTS A new myxosporean species with three polar cap- sules was found in a 12 cm long 1-group plaice. The gallbladder of the infected plaice was normally looking. The myxospores of the new species were revealed when smears of fresh bile were examined at high magnifica- tion. No other myxosporean species was found in the gallbladder. The new species was found in only one plaice Pleu- ronectes platessa, even though 40 specimens of 1-group of this species were examined in the summer of 2004 and 8 in the spring of 2005. The infected specimen was caught on the 12th May 2005. The prevalence for both years is 2.1%. No plasmodia were found.
Democracy and Macroeconomic Performance in Underdeveloped Countries An Empirical Analysis

In this study, the author examines how inflation and economic growth differ in more- and less-democratic regimes and in new and mature democracies. The analysis is based on a panel research design featuring annual data from a large sample of underdeveloped countries and two-way, fixed-effects regression analysis. The author's central finding is that more-democratic countries have higher inflation and slower growth than less-democratic countries. Inflation apparently is higher than more-democratic countries mainly because they have higher fiscal deficits and faster wage growth; this higher inflation marginally reduces economic growth in these countries. The author also finds that new and mature democracies do not have significantly different inflation and growth rates. The findings suggest that unrestrained political participation and the resulting demands placed on state officials undermine democratic performance.
Mixed boundary value problems for concentric cylinders—an algebraic operator formulation

Unitary operators are introduced which act on the Fourier transforms of the boundary values on concentric cylinders of a harmonic function in E 3. The boundary values on the concentric cylinders are determined from given mixed boundary conditions on the same cylinders, and the solution for them is expressed explicitly and simply through the use of these unitary operators plus certain other self adjoint positive operators. The boundary values on the cylinders then determine the harmonic function everywhere in E 3.
XUNZI'S MORAL ANALYSIS OF WAR AND SOME OF ITS CONTEMPORARY IMPLICATIONS

Abstract The early Ru or ‘Confucian’ figure Xunzi (‘Master Xun,’ c. 310–c. 220 BCE) gives a sophisticated analysis of war, which he develops on the basis of a larger social and political vision that he works out in considerable detail. This larger vision of human society is thoroughly normative in the sense that Xunzi both argues for the value of his ideal conception of society, and relates these moral arguments for the Confucian Dao or Way to what I take to be fairly hardheaded assessments of the dynamics of international relations in his late Warring States historical context. This combination of moral vision and political realism, combined with his advocacy of strong political authorities that nevertheless rule justly in service to the common good, makes his thought arguably more relevant to the contemporary world of contending nation-states, and a rising, undemocratic China, than any other pre-modern Confucian. Xunzi's own context, both intellectual and political/military, led him to argue about war i...
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of Cadmium Telluride deep defects

Deep defect states of Cadmium Telluride deposited via close space sublimation and magnetron sputtering are evaluated via steady state and time resolved photoluminescence. Intensity dependent photoluminescence measurements for as-grown and cadmium chloride treated samples reveal the recombination mechanism associated with each transition. The as-grown sputtered film photoluminescence is weak with broad features while the close space sublimation film photoluminescence is comparatively bright and dominated by a deep donor acceptor pair recombination. Unlike excitonic or free-to-bound transitions, donor acceptor pair recombination exhibits a distance dependence that determines the distribution of transition energies and recombination rates. We measure the PL lifetime with respect to energy as a direct observation of the increasing donor acceptor pair recombination rate with decreasing donor-acceptor separation.
Renormalization Theory in Four-Dimensional Scalar Fields (I)

We present a renormalization group approach to the renormalization theory ofΦ 4 4 , using techniques that have been introduced and used in previous papers and that lead to very simple methods to bound the coefficients of the effective potential and of the Schwinger functions. The main aim of this paper is to show how one can in this way obtain then!-bounds.
Control of an electrohydraulic steering system using a PID controller with a nonlinear compensation algorithm

Hydraulic steering control system is widely used on varieties of vehicles. This paper presents the application of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with a non-linear compensation algorithm to control an electrohydraulic (E/H) steering system on an agricultural vehicle. In this controller, the non-linear compensation algorithm was used to compensate for the system deadband and saturation of the electrohydraulic steering system and the PID loop was used to minimize the tracking error in steering control. The controller was tested on a Deere 8200 tractor driving on both cement pavement and farm fields. The test results indicate that the nonlinearity compensated PID controller performed well on agricultural vehicle steering control.
A step-driven digital magnetic recorder

The design and installation of a freight-car information sorting system for the. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad was recently completed by the Stromberg-Carlson Company. The system, located in the Chicago, Ill., offices of the Rock Island Line, receives information on train make-up from several distant marshalling yards via teletypewriter links, records these messages, and sorts them. The Wheel Report Sorting System, as it is called, sorts the incoming information according to state of origin of shipment and state of destination, and routes this information to teletypewriters assigned to these states. In the course of designing the sorting system, a requirement developed for a means of storing multiple incoming messages efficiently, while sorting units are busy. The storage means must permit simultaneous recording and read-out at different rates, and must also operate intermittently on read-out due to switching of output during sorting. This service can be provided by paper-tape punches and readers with a buffer loop between. However, the information density on paper tape is low, thus creating a need for a physically large buffer storage. This fact, coupled with the need for continuously replenishing the tape, and the maintenance requirements of punches, led to the search for a more suitable means of storage. Magnetic recording presents the possibility of higher information density in addition to using a reusable medium. However, magnetic tape recorders of the conventional capstan-drive type do not generally provide for differing speeds of simultaneous recording and read-out with a buffer loop between for ���first in, first out��� storage. In addition, the requirement that the read-out be intermittent due to the setting up of connections to different printers is difficult to achieve without sacrificing information density for starting and braking space.
Nitrogen spiraling in streams: Comparisons between stable isotope tracer and nutrient addition experiments

-A common method to quantify stream nutrient uptake length is to enrich the stream at an upstream point and monitor the downstream decline in the concentration of the added nutrient. However, increasing the nutrient concentration of the stream alters nutrient uptake, and uptake length quantified using this amendment approach does not necessarily reflect uptake length under ambient conditions. We conducted a series of 15 NO - 3 tracer and 14 NO - 3 nutrient amendment experiments to (1) assess the overestimation of amendment-derived uptake length in streams spanning a gradient of ambient nitrogen concentration, and (2) evaluate a technique to estimate ambient uptake length using data from multiple amendments conducted at different concentrations. Single amendment-derived uptake lengths were consistently longer than ambient uptake lengths quantified using the stable-isotope tracer. The ratio of single amendment-derived to ambient uptake length ranged more than sixfold across streams but was not related to ambient stream water nitrogen concentration or amendment concentration. Estimated ambient uptake length calculated from the multiple amendment technique was a better predictor of ambient uptake length than single amendment-derived uptake length in three of five experiments. However, with this technique, calculated uptake length was negative in two streams. Our results suggest that nitrogen limitation was weak in these two streams and that the multiple amendment technique may be ineffective in streams where the nutrient of study is not limiting.
Recent Gas Turbine Applications in Large Commercial Vessels

Demand for greater carrying capacity and higher speed in waterborne passenger and vehicle transportation has led to increased use of aeroderivative gas turbines as propulsion prime movers in large vessels. Operating economies require high operating availability which demands demonstrated reliability and support. New designs and recent experience in large gas turbine application to fast vessels is discussed. Considerations in propulsion system tradeoff’s are explored for various operational requirements.Copyright © 1994 by ASME
A uniform parametrization of moment tensors

SUMMARY Amomenttensorisa3 ×3symmetricmatrixthatexpressesanearthquakesource.Weconstruct a parametrization of the 5-D space of all moment tensors of unit norm. The coordinates associated with the parametrization are closely related to moment tensor orientations and source types. The parametrization is uniform, in the sense that equal volumes in the coordinate domain of the parametrization correspond to equal volumes of moment tensors. Uniformly distributed points in the coordinate domain therefore give uniformly distributed moment tensors. A cartesian grid in the coordinate domain can be used to search efficiently over momenttensors.Wefindthatuniformlydistributedmomenttensorshaveuniformlydistributed orientations (eigenframes), but that their source types (eigenvalue triples) are distributed so as to favour double couples.
Controlled Release Multiparticulate Beads Coated with Starch Acetate: Material Characterization, and Identification of Critical Formulation and Process Variables

The objectives of the present investigation were to prepare and characterize starch acetate (SA) with high degree of substitution (dS) and to study its prospect as film-forming agent in a controlled-release multiparticulate drug delivery system. As a part of the development process by quality by design, the objectives also included identification of critical formulation and process variables that affect the release of a drug. SA, a relatively new polymer, was characterized because it showed good film-forming properties. SA with dS 2.9 was synthesized from corn starch by paste disruption technique. It was compared with the raw material, starch, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and molecular mass analysis. Viscosity of SA solution increased logarithmically with the polymer concentration. At higher polymer concentrations (1.5-5.0%), the solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. Among the plasticizers tested, triacetin and triethyl citrate yielded free films with acceptable mechanical properties. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films could be well controlled by these plasticizers. Unplasticized film showed a Tg of 31.8 degrees C. A trend was found that increase in triacetin concentration in SA films resulted in increase in permeability coefficient for tritiated water. Scanning electron microscopic photographs showed a clear and smooth plasticized film compared to rough unplasticized film. Dyphylline-loaded beads were coated with highly substituted SA to evaluate the main effects of the formulation and process variables on the release of the drug and to figure out the reliability of the screening design. A seven-factor, twelve-run Plackett-Burman screening design was used. The response variables were cumulative percent of drug released in 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 12 hr. Quantitative evaluation of the design revealed that coating weight gain, plasticizer concentration, and post-drying temperature had greater influence on the drug release than the others. The main effects on drug release after 12 hr decreased in the following order: coating weight gain (-7.81), plasticizer concentration (4.96), postdrying temperature (-2.51), SA concentration (-0.80), inlet temperature (0.51), postdrying time (-0.31), and atomizing pressure (-0.28).
A methodology for the energy efficiency performance evaluation of tree-search contention resolution algorithms

The paper introduces a methodology for the analysis of energy consumption that can be attributed to scheduling procedures for medium accessing. In particular, it showcases the methodology for a family of tree-search contention resolution algorithms and demonstrates how traditional performance analysis tools for throughput analysis can be augmented to study energy consumption. The paper introduces the concept of energy efficiency as a first class performance metric and evaluates this metric for the selected family of contention resolution algorithms.
Caloric intake and aging: mechanisms in rodents and a study in nonhuman primates.

Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximum life span in rodents while attenuating the development of age-associated pathological and biological changes. Although nearly all of the rodent studies have initiated CR early in life (1-3 months of age), CR, when started at 12 months of age, also extends maximum life span in mice. Two main questions face investigators of CR. One concerns the mechanisms by which CR retards aging and diseases in rodents. There is evidence that CR may act, at least in part, by reducing oxidative stress. A CR-induced decrease in oxidative stress appears to be most profound in post-mitotic tissues and may derive from lower mitochondrial production of free radicals. The second issue is whether CR will exert similar effects in primates. Studies on CR in rhesus monkeys (maximum life span ∼40 years) support the notion of human translatability. We describe the University of Wisconsin Study of rhesus monkeys subjected to a 30% reduction of caloric intake starting at either 1989 or 1994 when they were ∼10 years old. The data from our study and from other trials suggest that CR can be safely carried out in monkeys and that certain physiological effects of CR that occur in rodents (e.g., decreased blood glucose and insulin levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and lowering of body temperature) also occur in monkeys. Whether oxidative stress in monkeys is reduced by CR will be known by the year 2000, while effects on longevity and diseases should be clearly seen by, appropriately, 2020.
Phthalocyanines in molecular electronic devices

The application of phthalocyanine molecules in molecular electronic devices is discussed. The electrooptical properties of phthalocyanine molecules are based on rapid and controllable intramolecular charge transfer. The charge transfer causes changes in molecular polarizability, which is responsible for molecular optical response. The charge transfers can be very rapid, less than a picosecond, and require small amounts of energy, on the order of a few kT. A few examples illustrate some novel properties of phthalocyanine molecules for applications in systems that utilise a neural network concept. >
Optimal server bandwidth allocation among multiple P2P multicast live video streaming sessions

We consider a server that simultaneously streams multiple video channels. Each video channel is delivered to a set of receivers using peer-to-peer (P2P) live multicast. We propose a framework for allocating server bandwidth to minimize distortion across the peer population, across all channels. The optimization problem considers rate, distortion, the audience size, and peer-churn associated with each channel. Network simulations demonstrate reduction of mean distortion across the peer population due to the proposed server bandwidth allocation. We also highlight the general scope of the proposed framework which makes it applicable to scenarios beyond the one considered in this paper. Other optimization metrics rather than average distortion can also be accommodated in the proposed framework.
Cervical antibodies in patients with oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection: local anamnestic responses after genital HSV-2 infection.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and secretory-component-containing immunoglobulins were identified in cervical and salivary secretions from six subjects with oral HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infections. Anamnestic cervical and salivary antibody responses were detected in two HSV-1-seropositive women with newly acquired genital HSV-2 infections. These data implicate the common mucosal immune system in antibody responses to HSV.
Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Orbital Fractures in a Primary Care Setting

Objective: To review and evaluate the management of white-eyed blowout fractures (WEBOF) from Emergency Department (ED) triage through surgical repair. Methods: Retrospective chart review of consecutive cases of pediatric orbital blowout fracture requiring surgical repair at a large ophthalmologic referral center. The characteristics of patients with WEBOF and those with conventional orbital blowout fractures were compared, including: mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, ED management and referral patterns, and time to definitive treatment. Results: Sixteen patients comprised the WEBOF study group, and 14 patients with conventional blowout fractures comprised the control group. All WEBOF had pain with eye movement, limited ductions and diplopia, and 75% had nausea and vomiting. These symptoms were present in significantly lower frequencies in control patients (64%, 64%, 7%, 14%, respectively). Compared to controls, WEBOF patients were younger; had injury more often resulting from sports and play; w...
Stability of dithered non-linear systems with backlash or hysteresis

A study is conducted of the effect of dither on the nonlinear element of a single-input single-outout feedback system. Nonlinearities are considered with memory (backlash, hysteresis), in the feedforward loop; a dither of a given amplitude is injected at the input of the nonlinearity. The nonlinearity is followed by a linear element with low-pass characteristic. The stability of the dithered system and an approximate equivalent system (in which the nonlinearity is a smooth function) are compared. Conditions on the input and on the dither frequency are obtained so that the approximate-system stability guarantees that of the given hysteretic system.
Risk Factors For Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions On Pap Smear In Women At Risk For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

To determine risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) on Pap smear, 253 women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had Pap smear, HIV antibody testing, CD4+ cell measurements, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genome detection by Southern blot hybridization. Associated with SIL (P < .05) on univariate analysis were genital HPV (SIL prevalence in HPV-positive subjects, 36.3%; odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-20.3) and HIV infection (SIL prevalence in seropositive subjects, 21.9%; OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.1). No demographic or behavioral variables were associated with risk for SIL. Multivariate analyses identified genital HPV infection (OR, 6.78; 95% CI, 2.9-15.7), detection of known high-risk HPV types (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 4.1-34.1), strong HPV Southern blot signal strength (OR, 10.8; 95% CI, 3.5-33.7), and severe HIV-related immunosuppression (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.04-9.5) as independent risk factors associated with SIL. Thus, severe immunosuppression due to HIV infection increases the risk for SIL mediated by HPV infection.
Design patterns for faculty development

Faculty development opportunities related to learning and teaching have common characteristics - every case is not new. Other disciplines, such as architecture and software design, have recognized commonalities within their fields and responded with use of "design patterns." In this paper, the authors identify three useful design patterns that have emerged in research on successful faculty development activities as models for thinking and communicating about contexts, challenges and responses in faculty development practice and outcomes. Three design patterns that have evolved in faculty development are diffusion, appreciative inquiry, and decoding the disciplines. Identification, delineation, and utilization of design patterns in faculty development have several potential benefits to STEM faculty members. First, the process promotes a paradigm shift from thinking of faculty development challenges as isolated occurrences to one that uses commonality to ease development of new activities and build on previous contributions. Second, it motivates greater application of the learning literature to faculty development by emphasizing analysis and feedback on what is going well and what can be learned from success before addressing change. Finally, it provides a way for faculty developers to think about challenges in their profession using processes familiar to them within their areas of disciplinary expertise.
Towards efficient multi-level threading of H.264 encoder on Intel hyper-threading architectures

Summary form only given. Exploiting thread-level parallelism is a promising way to improve the performance of multimedia applications that are running on multithreading general-purpose processors. We describe the work in developing our threaded H.264 encoder. We parallelize the H.264 encoder using the OpenMP programming model, which allows us to leverage the advanced compiler technologies in the Intel/spl reg/ C++ compiler for Intel hyper-threading architectures. After we present our design considerations in the parallelization process, we describe two efficient methods for multilevel data partitioning, which can improve the performance of our multithreaded H.264 encoder. Furthermore, we exploit different options in the OpenMP programming. While one implementation that uses the task queuing model is slightly slower than the other implementation, it is easier to be read than the other one. The results have shown good speedups ranging from 3.74x to 4.53x over the well-optimized sequential code performance on a system of 4 Intel Xeon/spl trade/processors with hyper-threading technology.
Remote excitation and readout of a high Q silicon resonator

This paper presents the first published report of a totally passively driven actuation and readout of an electromechanical resonator using inductive coupling. The goal of this work is to remotely excite and read a MEMS comb drive resonator with a focus on low power operation while simultaneously maximizing standoff distance without the use of active electronics at the sensor location. Initial measurements focused on the determining the relationship of the received signal level with the drive parameters. Reading the resonator through integrated piezoresistors, the drive response showed the expected dependence of both the RF power and AM modulation depth and the coil separation matched a simple model of a 6 cm coil radius and B4 dependence. Measurements of an entirely wireless (read and driven) resonator were made to explore the standoff capability with a practical limit of ∼15 dBm RF power to both the drive and receive systems. A standoff of 9 cm was demonstrated limited by power input to the device. The effect of read and drive coil position was also studied.
Outpatient intravenous antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis

Objective/Hypothesis: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines have greatly facilitated the use of intravenous antibiotics in outpatient medical practice. Otolaryngologic applications for home intravenous therapy through PICC lines have not been well characterized to date. The purpose of the study is to describe indications and complications related to outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Chart review of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who were treated at an academic rhinology practice with outpatient intravenous antibiotics over a 3-year period. Results: Fourteen patients receiving, in all, 16 courses of intravenous antibiotic therapy through PICC line were identified. The average patient age was 51 years (age range, 36-74 y). The primary indication for intravenous antibiotic use was the treatment of resistant pathogens (50%). The most common organisms treated were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other indications included gastrointestinal intolerance of oral antibiotics and extranasal complications of sinusitis. Eighty-eight percent of patients (14 of 16) were able to complete the entire prescribed course of therapy. Three (19%) catheter-related complications occurred, including thrombophlebitis and deep venous thrombosis. All three complications required removal of the PICC line; one of these patients underwent successful reinsertion of a second catheter and completion of treatment. Conclusions: Peripherally inserted central catheter line delivery of home intravenous antibiotics can be a well-tolerated adjunct to surgery in the outpatient treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Resistant infections, intolerance to oral antimicrobials, and extranasal complications of sinusitis are indications for PICC line therapy. Catheter-related complications can be significant and must be considered in patient selection.
State evaluation in composite power system reliability using genetic algorithms guided by fuzzy constraints

A new method for composite-system state evaluation using genetic algorithms (GA) is proposed. The objective of GA is to minimize load curtailment for each sampled state. Minimization is based on the DC load flow model. System constraints are represented by fuzzy membership functions. Membership value indicates the degree of satisfaction of each constraint for an individual in a GA population. The GA fitness function is a combination of these membership values. The proposed method has the advantage of allowing sophisticated load curtailment strategies, which lead to more realistic load point indices. Application to a simple test system using different load curtailment philosophies is given.
Cell type-specific expression of the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase gene in normal human liver tissues as revealed by in situ hybridization

The O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) is known to overcome the effects of promutagenic, precarcinogenic O6-alkylguanine induced in DNA by exposure to environmental, chemotherapeutic and dietary alkylating agents. Within an organ, the cell type-specific responses to these agents may be attributed, in part, to varying expression of critical DNA repair genes, like ATase. In order to determine the cell-specific expression of the human ATase gene, in situ hybridization was used to map the cellular distribution of ATase mRNA in tissue sections of normal human fetal and adult livers. Tissue sections were hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled 39 base oligomer, antisense to ATase cDNA. Following immunodetection, using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody, the ATase-specific mRNA levels were visualized in parallel with liver cell type identification. The specificity of the antisense probe and hybridization to human ATase mRNA was demonstrated by: (i) staining of Mer+ and not Mer- cells by the antisense probe; (ii) faint staining of liver sections when the antisense probe was not used during hybridization; (iii) no hybridization of liver sections by the sense probe; (iv) no staining of sections preincubated with RNase before hybridization; and (v) the retention of cell type-specific staining patterns in tissue sections incubated with DNase prior to hybridization with the antisense probe. The staining patterns appeared similar in adjacent sections of tissues obtained from the same liver and in sections obtained from either adult or fetal livers of different individuals. The expression of the ATase mRNA, as noted by stain intensity, appeared highest in all of the bile ductal cells. There was a heterogenous expression in hepatocytes, which varied from moderate to high stain. Staining in Kupffer cells also appeared to be high. Sinusoidal cells, endothelial cells of the hepatic artery and cells of the connective tissue showed weak hybridization, indicating low levels of ATase mRNA. These data explain, in part, the basis for a differential response of various cell types within the liver to the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents.
Interquantile shrinkage and variable selection in quantile regression

Examination of multiple conditional quantile functions provides a comprehensive view of the relationship between the response and covariates. In situations where quantile slope coefficients share some common features, estimation efficiency and model interpretability can be improved by utilizing such commonality across quantiles. Furthermore, elimination of irrelevant predictors will also aid in estimation and interpretation. These motivations lead to the development of two penalization methods, which can identify the interquantile commonality and nonzero quantile coefficients simultaneously. The developed methods are based on a fused penalty that encourages sparsity of both quantile coefficients and interquantile slope differences. The oracle properties of the proposed penalization methods are established. Through numerical investigations, it is demonstrated that the proposed methods lead to simpler model structure and higher estimation efficiency than the traditional quantile regression estimation.
Fuzzy ontology for natural language

The paper outlines a framework for a full incorporation of fuzziness into a comprehensive system of natural language meaning processing with the help of ontological semantic technology. It goes far beyond the traditional examples of fuzziness for natural language modifiers, claiming that fuzziness is pervasive throughout natural language and cannot be avoided without a considerable penalty on accuracy.
/spl Delta/k-radar equivalent of interferometric SAR's: a theoretical study for determination of vegetation height

Theoretical aspects of estimating vegetation parameters from SAR interferometry are presented. In conventional applications of interferometric SAR (INSAR), the phase of the interferogram is used to retrieve the location of the scattering phase center of the target. Although the location of scattering phase center for point targets can be determined very accurately, for a distributed target such as a forest canopy this is not the case. For distributed targets the phase of the interferogram is a random variable which in general is a function of the system and target attributes. To relate the statistics of the interferogram phase to the target attributes, first an equivalence relationship between the two-antenna interferometer system and an equivalent /spl Delta/k radar system is established. This equivalence relationship provides a general tool to related the frequency correlation function (FCF) of distributed targets, which can conveniently be obtained experimentally, analytically, or numerically, to the phase statistics of the interferogram. An analytical form for the p.d.f. of the interferogram phase is obtained in terms of two independent parameters: 1) /spl zeta/: mean phase and 2) /spl alpha/: degree of correlation. /spl zeta/ is proportional to the scattering phase center and n is inversely proportional to the uncertainty with which /spl zeta/ can be estimated. It is shown that /spl alpha/ is directly related to the FCF of the distributed target which in turn is a function of scattering mechanisms and system parameters. It is also shown that for a uniform closed canopy the extinction and the physical height of the canopy top can be estimated very accurately. Some analytical and numerical simulations are demonstrated.
Chondrosarcoma cell differentiation

A mixed population of lymphocytes from a healthy donor co-existed with an established culture of allogeneic chondrosarcoma cells, during which time the tumor cells changed from malignantly transformed to benign fibroblast-like morphology; from multilayered to a monolayered growth pattern; lost their potency to grow in colonies in soft agar; and showed signs of senescence. A discussion of possible molecular mechanisms for this event is offered. If there are as yet undiscovered lymphokines that can induce reversal of the malignant geno/phenotype, the cognate gene(s) should be cloned for genetic engineering and for the mass production of the corresponding molecular mediators for clinical trials.
Monte Carlo based approach to the LS–NaI 4πβ–γ anticoincidence extrapolation and uncertainty

The 4πβ–γ anticoincidence method is used for the primary standardization of β−, β+, electron capture (EC), α, and mixed-mode radionuclides. Efficiency extrapolation using one or more γ ray coincidence gates is typically carried out by a low-order polynomial fit. The approach presented here is to use a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation of the detector system to analyze the efficiency extrapolation. New code was developed to account for detector resolution, direct γ ray interaction with the PMT, and implementation of experimental β-decay shape factors. The simulation was tuned to 57Co and 60Co data, then tested with 99mTc data, and used in measurements of 18F, 129I, and 124I. The analysis method described here offers a more realistic activity value and uncertainty than those indicated from a least-squares fit alone.
Resistor Emulation Approach to Low-Power Energy Harvesting

This paper presents an approach and associated circuitry for harvesting near maximum output from low power sources in the 100 μW range for miniature wireless devices. A set of converter topologies and control approaches are presented together with detailed efficiency analysis and a design example for a buck-boost based energy harvesting converter using commercially available discrete circuitry. Experimental results are presented for harvesting energy from miniature RF and wind power sources operating over a 10:1 input power range from 500 μW to 50 μW. A closed-system efficiency of 65 % at 50 μW output power is achieved, including all control and converter losses. The results demonstrate that useful energy, sufficient to power typical wireless sensors, can be harvested from miniature sources that output less than 100 μW at a few hundred mV.
A naturally monomeric infrared fluorescent protein for protein labeling in vivo

Infrared fluorescent proteins (IFPs) provide an additional color to GFP and its homologs in protein labeling. Drawing on structural analysis of the dimer interface, we identified a bacteriophytochrome in the sequence database that is monomeric in truncated form and engineered it into a naturally monomeric IFP (mIFP). We demonstrate that mIFP correctly labels proteins in live cells, Drosophila and zebrafish. It should be useful in molecular, cell and developmental biology.
On Computing Inlet Entropy Increases for Nondissociating Gases

REFERENCES 1 Gazley, C , Deceleration and Healing of a Body Entering a Planetary Atmosphere from Space, The RAND Corporation, Rep., P-955, Feb. 18, 1957. 2 Allen, H. J., and Eggers, A. J., Jr., A Study of the Motion and Aerodynamic Heating of Missiles Entering the Earth's Atmosphere at High Supersonic Speeds, NACA TN 4047, Oct. 1957. 3 Chapman, D. R., An Approximate Analytical Method for Studying Entry into Planetary Atmospheres, NACA TN 4276, May 1958. 4 Eggers, A. J., Jr., Allen, H. J., and Neice, S. E., A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Long Range Hypervelocity Vehicles, NACA TN 4046, Oct. 1957. 5 Loh, W. H. T., Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Re-Entry, Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 748-762, Oct. 1960.
Huggins, Charles Brenton

1901–1997 Canadian/ American physician who invented hormonal therapy of cancer. Keywords: hormonal therapy; cancer; prostate cancer; breast cancer; Ben May laboratory
A new method of producing pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass using a standard roller pump

A new method for producing pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass is described. The method requires only the addition of a dilated segment in the tubing which passes beneath the arc of a standard roller pump. Preliminary studies demonstrate that pulsatile flow and pressure with physiologic contours can be produced by this “bubble tube” system. Furthermore, the new tubing causes less hemolysis than standard pump tubing.
Are the Pension Systems of Low Fertility Populations Sustainable

The decline in fertility levels to below replacement level is a common trend that will lead to population decline and reduce the pressure on the environment and on natural resources. On the other hand, it will also cause population aging and higher pension burdens of pay-as-you-go systems. Funded pension systems transfer cohorts’ saving to consumption and their pension burdens are invariant to fertility change. Comparing the difference between the pension burdens of the two systems in certain periods could provide relevant information to the decision on whether or not to establish funded pension systems. A time-based cohort old-age dependency ratio is proposed in this chapter, which measures the pension burden of a funded system and is comparable to that of a pay-as-you-go system. This time-based cohort old-age dependency ratio can be computed for all the countries and areas of the world, using only demographic data. Examples are given for China, Japan and the Republic of Korea.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Overview of Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Advanced Treatment Strategies

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most detrimental subtypes of stroke and accounts for 10–15 % of all strokes. ICH has an incidence of 10–30 cases per 100,000/year and is increasing. Mortality rates still remain poor (30–50 %) and functional dependency after ICH is high (75 %). Up to now, all randomized controlled trials investigating treatment approaches in ICH have failed to document improvements on clinical endpoints. Only a specialized treatment of severely injured patients at dedicated comprehensive stroke centers and neurointensive care units (NICUs) has been shown to be beneficial. Currently, ongoing trials are investigating aggressive blood pressure lowering, hemostatic therapies, different operative strategies, and intraventricular thrombolysis, as well as neuroprotective approaches and brain edema therapies. This chapter will summarize the etiology, pathophysiology, advanced treatment strategies, and novel approaches which are currently under investigation.
Iran's Intellectual Revolution: The conservative religious discourse

Recent years have seen a proliferation of studies on the ideological and political divides that today mark the Islamic Republican political system in Iran. These ideological divides became especially acute after the emergence of the so-called second republic that followed the end of the war with Iraq in 1988 and the death of Ayatollah Khomeini the following year, when the post-revolutionary system lost some of the institutional and ideological cohesion. There have also been a few works on the appearance of “reformist” political figures within the Islamic Republic, and, more significantly, on Shi'a thinkers whose theories present alternative interpretations of religion's role in the polity – figures such as Abdolkarim Soroush, Mohsen Kadivar, and Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari. There have, however, been very few treatments of the theoretical dispositions of Iran's more conservative Shi'a ulama and thinkers in the post-Khomeini era, with most of the studies on the subject either being dated by now or, alternatively, concentrating on larger social and cultural issues. This chapter offers a preliminary examination of some of the main characteristics and major themes in the conservative religious discourse in Iran over the last decade or so. More specifically, the chapter looks at the multiple layers and the changing political contexts within which the conservative religious current articulates its positions and reproduces itself, as well as the characteristics and positions of some main figures involved in the discourse. This requires also an examination of the larger features of the Right's discourse in relation to the Iranian polity, especially as it compares with the “leftist”, “reformist” religious discourse with which it competes.
Autonomy, Psychological Empowerment, and Self-Realization: Exploring Data on Self-Determination from NLTS2:

The authors used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2; SRI International, 2000) to examine the aspects of self-determination assessed in NLTS2 and measurement equivalence and latent differences across the 12 disability categories recognized in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; 2004). NLTS2 included a direct assessment with items representing 3 of the 4 essential characteristics of self-determination—autonomy, self-realization, and psychological empowerment. The authors established measurement equivalence, but significant latent differences occurred across specific disability groups. Students with high-incidence disabilities (learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, speech or language impairments, and other health impairments) showed similar latent means and variances, as did students with sensory disabilities (visual and hearing impairments) and cognitive disabilities (autism, multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness). Students with intellectual disabil...
A New Combination of a Pleuromutilin Derivative and Doxycycline for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most difficult Gram-negative bacteria to treat and eradicate. In a cell-based screening of pleuromutilin derivatives against a drug sensitive A. baumannii strain, new molecules (2–4) exhibit bacteriostatic activity with 3.13 μg/mL concentration and 1 shows bactericidal activity with an MBC of 6.25 μg/mL. The pleuromutilin derivative 1 displays strong synergistic effects with doxycycline in a wide range of concentrations. A 35/1 ratio of 1 and doxycycline (1-Dox 35/1) kills drug susceptible A. baumannii with the MBC of 2.0 μg/mL and an MDR A. baumannii with the MBC of 3.13 μg/mL. In vitro anti-Acinetobacter activity of 1-Dox 35/1 is superior to that of clinical drugs such as tobramycin, tigecycline, and colistin. The efficacy of 1-Dox 35/1 is evaluated in a mouse septicemia model; treatment of the infected C57BL/6 mice with 1-Dox 35/1 protects from lethal infection of A. baumannii with an ED50 value of <2.0 mg/kg.
On a Koszul complex related to the principal subspace of the basic vacuum module for A1(1)

Abstract We analyze a certain Koszul complex related to the principal subspace of the level 1 vacuum standard module for the affine Lie algebra A 1 ( 1 ) . We determine the second homology of this Koszul complex. A complete description of the Koszul homology is expected to yield a certain new character formula for the principal subspace. We relate our results to the Garland–Lepowsky resolution of the ambient standard module and to Gorsky, Oblomkov and Rasmussen's recent conjectures on the stable Khovanov homology of the torus knots.