cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PentaLyte Decreases Lung Injury after Aortic Occlusion–Reperfusion

Lung injury often occurs after hepatoenteric ischemia, with xanthine oxidase (XO, an oxidant-generating enzyme), released from reperfusing liver and intestines, mediating a significant component of this injury. Since pentastarch administration decreases intestinal reperfusion injury, we determined whether resuscitation with PentaLyte (a pentastarch-containing solution) would decrease hepatoenteric reperfusion injury, xanthine oxidase release, and concomitant lung injury after aortic occlusion– reperfusion. Aortic occlusion was established in rabbits for 40 min, and was followed by 3 h of reperfusion, during which either PentaLyte or lactated Ringer's solution-based resuscitation was administered. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Hepatoenteric reperfusion injury, as manifested by release of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase and decreased gastric intramucosal pH, was significantly (p < 0.0167) attenuated by PentaLyte administration after aortic occlusion–reperfusion, as compared with its occurr...
Increased circulating concentration of atrial natriuretic factor in persons with pheochromocytomas.

To investigate the possible relationship of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) to hypertension, we examined the circulating levels of ANF in 3 patients with pheochromocytomas before surgery, during increase of their blood pressure with surgical manipulation of their tumors, and after surgery when their blood pressures returned to normal. The circulating levels of ANF were increased 2-fold in patients with both extra-adrenal and intra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. In both the intra-adrenal and extra-adrenal patients their ANF levels increased further during surgical manipulation and returned to normal after surgical removal of their respective tumors. Each of these pheochromocytomas was examined and found to have atrial natriuretic receptors that were functional since ANF could enhance the guanylate cyclase - cyclic GMP system two-fold in these pheochromocytomas. We conclude that ANF circulates at higher concentrations in persons with pheochromocytomas and returns to normal with removal of the tumor. In addition...
Why do women bloggers use social media? Recreation and information motivations outweigh engagement motivations:

Analyses of survey results from a random sample of women bloggers (N = 298) show three motivations drive women to use social media – information, engagement, and recreation. The recreation motivation outweighs the other two motivations in predicting frequency of social media use. However, when differences between Facebook, Twitter, and other social media were considered, results show women bloggers turn to social media in general for recreation, but to Facebook for engagement and to Twitter for information. Findings also show that psychological needs for affiliation and self-disclosure are related to the engagement motivation, and self-disclosure is associated with the information motivation. The results are discussed in relation to need theory.
Application of the Hartley transform for the analysis of the propagation of nonsinusoidal waveforms in power systems

Because the Fourier transform causes the convolution operation to become a simple complex product, it has been used to solve power system problems. A similar convolution property of the Hartley transform is used to calculate transients and nonsinusoidal waveshape propagation in electric power systems. The importance of this type of calculation relates to the impact of loads, particularly electronic loads, whose demand currents are nonsinusoidal. An example is given in which the Hartley transform is used to assess the impact of an electronic load with a demand which contains rapidly changing current. The authors also present a general introduction to the use of Hartley transforms for electric circuit analysis. A brief discussion of the error characteristics of discrete Fourier and Hartley solutions is presented. Because the Hartley transform is a real transformation, it is more computationally efficient then the Fourier or Laplace transforms. >
Identification of a Geldanamycin Dimer That Induces the Selective Degradation of HER-Family Tyrosine Kinases

Geldanamycin (GM) is a natural antibiotic that binds Hsp90 and induces the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases, steroid receptors, and Raf. It is a potent inhibitor of cancer cells that overexpress HER-kinases, but its effects on other important proteins may cause significant toxicity and limit its clinical use. We report the synthesis and identification of a GM dimer, GMD-4c, which had selective activity against HER-kinases. Selectivity was a function of linker length and required two intact GM moieties. GMD-4c is a potent inducer of G1 block and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines that overexpress HER2, but does not appreciably inhibit the growth of 32D cells that lack HER-kinases. GMD-4c could be useful in the treatment of carcinomas dependent on HER-kinases.
Simple Viable Models of Low-energy Supersymmetry

Abstract Necessary conditions are established which must be satisfied by models of low-energy supersymmetry if they are to be phenomenologically acceptable at the tree level. These conditions enable one to solve the longstanding problem of giving the scalar partners of quarks and leptons large masses in such renormalizable models. A specific model is written down.
A Constitutive Theory of Matrix Cracking and Interply Delamination in Orthotropic Laminated Composites

The response behavior of an orthotropic laminated composite weakened by matrix cracking and delamination under mechanical loading is modeled herein by a com prehensive theory within the general framework of damage mechanics. The two different damage modes of matrix cracking and interply delamination are represented by two sym metric second rank tensors. Their influence on constitutive relations of the damaged com posite is obtained via the basic principles of continuum mechanics and the theory of in- variants. As the two damage tensors are independent of loading history and hence may be taken as internal variables, the equations governing their evolution are subsequently derived based on the concepts of damage dissipative potential and damage surface in the space of generalized thermodynamic forces. The identification of unknown material pa rameters through simple tests is discussed. Comparison between the present analytical prediction and the experimental measurement from others is also given.
Use of mental health and substance abuse treatment services among adults with HIV in the United States

Background The need for mental health and substance abuse services is great among those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little information is available on services used by this population or on individual factors associated with access to care. Methods Data are from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a national probability survey of 2864 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States in 1996. We estimated 6-month use of services for mental health and substance abuse problems and examined socioeconomic, HIV illness, and regional factors associated with use. Results We estimated that 61.4% of 231 400 adults under care for HIV used mental health or substance abuse services: 1.8% had hospitalizations, 3.4% received residential substance abuse treatment, 26.0% made individual mental health specialty visits, 15.2% had group mental health treatment, 40.3% discussed emotional problems with medical providers, 29.6% took psychotherapeutic medications, 5.6% received outpatient substance abuse treatment, and 12.4% participated in substance abuse self-help groups. Socioeconomic factors commonly associated with poorer access to health services predicted lower likelihood of using mental health outpatient care, but greater likelihood of receiving substance abuse treatment services. Those with less severe HIV illness were less likely to access services. Persons living in the Northeast were more likely to receive services. Conclusions The magnitude of mental health and substance abuse care provided to those with known HIV infection is substantial, and challenges to providers should be recognized. Inequalities in access to care are evident, but differ among general medical, specialty mental health, and substance abuse treatment sectors.
Emotion and Reliability in Moral Psychology

Instead of arguing about whether moral judgments are based on emotion or reason, moral psychologists should investigate the reliability of moral judgments by checking rates of framing effects in different kinds of moral judgments under different conditions by different people.
Effects of Snow on Sitka Black-Tailed Deer Browse Availability and Nutritional Carrying Capacity in Southeastern Alaska

Abstract Snow affects the nutritional ecology of northern ungulates during winter through burial of important winter forages. We used nonlinear regression analyses to model snow-burial dynamics of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) browse biomass, a key winter food item of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis) in southeastern Alaska, USA. During November 2003–March 2004 we collected data from 546 individually marked twigs located on 100 plants of differing sizes and architectures across a range of snow depths. In general, browse biomass became buried and unavailable to deer at snow depths substantially lower than prewinter twig heights. Plant architecture and plant height were related to the probability of a twig being buried. Probability of twig burial was higher on plants with lateral than on those with erect architectures. Twig height also affected the probability of burial by snow but the relationship was complex. For twigs located on erect plants, probability of burial was greatest for twi...
Visual Search of Mooney Faces

Faces spontaneously capture attention. However, which special attributes of a face underlie this effect are unclear. To address this question, we investigate how gist information, specific visual properties and differing amounts of experience with faces affect the time required to detect a face. Three visual search experiments were conducted investigating the rapidness of human observers to detect Mooney face images. Mooney images are two-toned, ambiguous images. They were used in order to have stimuli that maintain gist information but limit low-level image properties. Results from the experiments show: 1) although upright Mooney faces were searched inefficiently, they were detected more rapidly than inverted Mooney face targets, demonstrating the important role of gist information in guiding attention towards a face. 2) Several specific Mooney face identities were searched efficiently while others were not, suggesting the involvement of specific visual properties in face detection. 3) By providing participants with unambiguous gray-scale versions of the Mooney face targets prior to the visual search task, the targets were detected significantly more efficiently, suggesting that prior experience with Mooney faces improves the ability to extract gist information for rapid face detection. However, a week of training with Mooney face categorization did not lead to even more efficient visual search of Mooney face targets. In summary, these results reveal that specific local image properties cannot account for how faces capture attention. On the other hand, gist information alone cannot account for how faces capture attention either. Prior experience facilitates the effect of gist on visual search of faces, making faces a special object category for guiding attention.
Colombia: Is There a Light at the End of the Tunnel? (B)

These two cases (see also the A case, UVA-BP-0411) transport students to the tumultuous shores of Colombia. Students must grapple with the paradox that the Colombian economy was a shining star in Latin America, according to a number of measures, while the country was perched on an unstable political foundation. The A case examines the economic-reform process in a Latin American context. By the mid-1990s, economic reforms had transitioned the Colombian economy from being inwardly focused to being integrated into the global economy, the so-called Apertura Economica. The macroeconomic, microeconomic, and institutional reforms toward this end are examined in detail. The relative economic stability analyzed in the A case gives way to economic hardship in the B case when the unstable political situation surges to the fore. The social strife caused by interest groups that have perpetuated civil war and relied on the drug trade to finance their positions becomes a formidable challenge by the close of the twentieth century. These cases are intended for use in courses covering the political economy and the process of economic reform.
THE IDEAL STRENGTH OF IRON

ABSTRACT The ideal strength of a material can be defined as the stress that causes an infinite defect-free perfect crystal to become mechanically unstable. The ideal strength is of interest because it sets a firm upper bound on the mechanical strength the material can attain. It is also approached experimentally in situations where there are few mobile defects. The present paper is concerned with the ideal strength of iron. We specifically compute the ideal tensile strength of iron for tension along , the weak direction, and the ideal shear strength for relaxed shear in the {112} and {110} systems. We also consider the influence of pressure on the strength. The computation is done ab initio using the Projector Augmented Wave Method within the framework of density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation in order to account for the magnetism of the material. The fact that iron can have a high tensile strength is puzzling. Because Fe has a stable fcc phase (at least at moderate temperature) simple models suggest that it should be very weak in tension on . That it is not turns out to be due to the difference in magnetic character between the bcc and fcc phases, which has he consequence that iron behaves like a “typical” bcc metal in both its tensile and shear behavior.
Antibiotic therapy in the allergic patient.

Adverse drug reactions are a common clinical problem. It is estimated that 6% to 15% of hospitalized patients experience some sort of adverse drug event.n Clinical manifestations of adverse drug events include anaphylaxis, rash, serum sickness, hepatitis, aseptic meningitis, colitis, and pneumonitis. Many of these adverse events are unrelated to hypersensitivity reactions. Actual allergic or immunologic drug reactions probably account for less than 25% of overall adverse drug events.ll Once a particular reaction is labeled as a hypersensitivity reaction, however, that particular drug or class of drugs is likely to be avoided. Unfortunately, obtaining a clear history of allergic reaction is often difficult or impossible. Patients who have a medically documented allergic reaction should be given a card with the name of the drug and a description of the reaction. Too often an antibiotic is avoided because of a history of allergy when the reaction was actually nausea or minor diarrhea. In such situations, appropriate skin testing may prove beneficial in ruling out allergic drug reaction.9 Skin testing, however, is usually not done in the patient with a strong history of penicillin allergy.9 Therefore, in many clinical situations, an alternative agent is sought when a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction is obtained. In this article, the types of allergic reactions associated with antibiotics are described. The empiric use of alternative agents for various clinical syndromes is then discussed as well as alternative antibiotics for patients with proven infection.
Resistance Risk Assessment: Realized Heritability of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

A new method for estimating realized heritability ( h 2) of resistance to insecticides from laboratory selection experiments is described. A major advantage of this method for estimating h 2, the proportion of total phenotypic variation attributable to additive genetic variation, is that it requires only data that are collected routinely in selection studies (i.e., LC50 and slope before and after selection, and average mortality caused by selection each generation). Estimates of h 2 of resistance calculated with this method were virtually identical to two previously reported estimates calculated by a regression method that requires estimates of LCso for every generation. Estimates of h2 of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Plutella xylostella (L.) were 0.14, 0.17, and 0.18 in three strains initiated from a moderately resistant field population in Hawaii compared with 0.047 in a laboratory strain from France. Estimated h 2 of resistance to B. thuringiensis was 0.17 in Helicoverpa virescens (F.) and 0.09 in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Extrapolation to field populations is problematic. However, assuming that these h 2 estimates can be extrapolated to the field and that populations receive prolonged and uniform exposure to B. thuringiensis causing >90% mortality each generation, substantially increased resistance would be expected after 150 previously reported studies. This approach can improve evaluation of results from selection experiments and may enhance their integration into systems of resistance risk assessment.
Correlated in vivo 31P-NMR and NADH fluorometric studies on gerbil brain in graded hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Mitochondrial energy coupling in the gerbil brain was characterized by the relationship between intracellular phosphocreatine (PCr)/inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphorylation ratio, and the mitochondrial redox state in graded hypoxia. Phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the brain and whole head were taken by surface and saddle coil, respectively. The NADH level of the brain cortex was monitored by in vivo fluororeflectometry. The PCr and Pi of the head and brain did not change between 100 and 10% O2 inhalation. PCr progressively decreased and Pi progressively increased with 6 and 4% 0% inhalation in the head. The PCr/Pi of the brain decreased by 44% at 6% fraction of inhaled oxygen (FIO2) and 57% at 4% FIO2. The ATP level did not change during hypoxia. The calculated phosphorylation ratio of the brain ([PCr] Kck[H+]/[Cr][Pi]) = ([ATP]/[ADP][Pi]) was 4.1 X 10(4) M-1 in normoxia. Hypoxia of increasing severity induced increasing NAD reduction of the brain cortex with 17% NAD reduction at 10% FIO2 when there was no change in phosphorylation ratio. The phosphorylation ratio decreased, i.e., the mitochondria failed to maintain the energy level of the brain when the magnitude of the change in NAD reduction to hypoxia was half of the total redox change between hyperoxia and anoxia. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of combined 31P-NMR and NADH fluorometry measurements on brain in vivo. The observations show similarities between the responses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to hypoxia in vivo and in vitro.
Gender: Why It Matters More than Expected

As we saw in the previous chapter, issues of nationality have been central to much of the literature on the Commission, both historically and in relation to the recent enlargement, with many studies focusing on the effects of individuals’ national origins on their attitudes and actions as well as on the diversity of national backgrounds as central to shaping the organizational culture of cosmopolitanism. In contrast, previous research has given much less attention to the issue of gender, particularly as it affects culture and management within the Commission. (One exception is Stevens and Levy, 2006.) One obvious reason is that until recently the number of women in management, especially in senior management positions of real power, was so limited that there was not even a critical mass to study. Certainly until quite recently the Commission itself did not focus on gender as an important issue internally, although the Commission started to take a strong lead in pushing policies of gender equality in employment throughout the European Union (EU).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hip

The hip is a ball-and-socket joint comprised of four major bones plus several supporting soft tissue structures. Together these structures allow for multiaxial motion of the lower extremity while maintaining structural stability. Here we present an overview of current methods in hip imaging, focusing on evaluation by noncontrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and direct MR arthrography. Protocols and technical parameters for MR imaging of the hip are presented. Basic MR anatomy of the hip is reviewed, including normal arthrographic appearance of the intraarticular structures. Given that symptoms referable to the hip can be caused by disorders of both the hip itself or by abnormalities of other regional structures (Tibor and Sekiya, Arthroscopy 24:1407–21, 2008), both intra- and extraarticular pathologies are discussed, with emphasis on the range of possible imaging presentations. Finally, common pitfalls are illustrated, including those relevant to both noncontrast and arthrographic evaluation.
Miniaturized tapered meandered dual band dipole antenna for WiFi 2.4/5.8 GHz application

A compact sized, easy to manufacture, planar dual-band dipole antenna for WiFi applications is presented in this paper. The proposed design consists of a tapered meanderedbowtie shaped dipole antenna that operates in two bands, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. It is printed on a 1.6mm thick FR4 substrate, the overall size of the antenna is 21.5 × 15 × 1.6 mm3 and it exhibits positive gain over all the reported bands of operation.
Development and Characterization of Microfluidic Devices and Systems for Magnetic Bead-Based Biochemical Detection

This paper presents the development and characterization of a generic microfluidic system for magnetic bead-based biochemical detection. Microfluidic and electrochemical detection devices such as microvalves, flow sensors, biofilters, and immunosensors have been successfully developed and individually characterized in this work. Magnetically driven microvalves, pulsed-mode microflow sensors, magnetic particle separators as biofilters, and electrochemical immunosensors have been sep-arately fabricated and tested. The fabricated microfluidic components have been surface-mounted on the microfluidic motherboard for fully integrated microfluidic biochemical detection system. A magnetic bio-bead approach has been adopted for both sampling and manipulating target biological molecules. Magnetic beads were used as both substrate of antibodies and carriers of target antigens for magnetic bead-based immunoassay, which was chosen as a proof-of-concept for the generic microfluidic bio-chemical detection system. The microfluidic and electrochemical immunosensing experiment results obtained from this work have shown that the biochemical sensing capability of the complete microfluidic subsystem is suitable for portable biochemical detection of bio-molecules. The methodology and system, which has been developed in this work, can be extended to generic bio-molecule detection and analysis systems by replacing antibody/antigen with appropriate bio receptors/reagents such as DNA fragments or oligonucleotides for application towards DNA analysis and/or high throughput protein analysis.
Parent teaching, cumulative instability and school readiness for children attending Head Start preschool

This study investigated relations between parent teaching, cumulative instability/chaos and school readiness in a group of 130 children attending a Head Start preschool. Cumulative instability/chao...
Verilog HDL Design Examples

The Verilog language provides a means to model a digital system at many levels of abstraction from a logic gate to a complex digital system to a mainframe computer. The purpose of this book is to present the Verilog language together with a wide variety of examples, so that the reader can gain a firm foundation in the design of the digital system using Verilog HDL. The Verilog projects include the design module, the test bench module, and the outputs obtained from the simulator that illustrate the complete functional operation of the design. Where applicable, a detailed review of the theory of the topic is presented together with the logic design principles—including: state diagrams, Karnaugh maps, equations, and the logic diagram. Numerous examples and homework problems are included throughout. The examples include logical operations, counters of different moduli, half adders, full adders, a carry lookahead adder, array multipliers, different types of Moore and Mealy machines, and arithmetic logic units (ALUs).
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is a major source of GPCR-stimulated phosphoinositide production

Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes hydrolyze the plasma membrane (PM) lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) to generate the second messengers inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in response to receptor activation in almost all mammalian cells. We previously found that stimulation of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cardiac cells leads to the PLC-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the Golgi, a process required for the activation of nuclear protein kinase D (PKD) during cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that GPCR-stimulated PLC activation leading to direct PI4P hydrolysis may be a general mechanism for DAG production. We measured GPCR activation–dependent changes in PM and Golgi PI4P pools in various cells using GFP-based detection of PI4P. Stimulation with various agonists caused a time-dependent reduction in PI4P-associated, but not PI4,5P2-associated, fluorescence at the Golgi and PM. Targeted depletion of PI4,5P2 from the PM before GPCR stimulation had no effect on the depletion of PM or Golgi PI4P, total inositol phosphate (IP) production, or PKD activation. In contrast, acute depletion of PI4P specifically at the PM completely blocked the GPCR-dependent production of IPs and activation of PKD but did not change the abundance of PI4,5P2. Acute depletion of Golgi PI4P had no effect on these processes. These data suggest that most of the PM PI4,5P2 pool is not involved in GPCR-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and that PI4P at the PM is responsible for the bulk of receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and DAG production.
Three new species of Tellina (Bivalvia, Tellinidae) from the Panamic Province

In preparing a manual on the marine bivalves of the Panamic Province, we have found three species of the Tellinidae that lack names. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new species of Tellina ( Hertellina ), a new species of Tellina ( Merisca ), and a new species of Tellina ( Acorylus ). The subgenus Acorylus is reported for the first time from the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Think Outside the Dataset: Finding Fraudulent Reviews using Cross-Dataset Analysis

While online review services provide a two-way conversation between brands and consumers, malicious actors, including misbehaving businesses, have an equal opportunity to distort the reviews for their own gains. We propose OneReview, a method for locating fraudulent reviews, correlating data from multiple crowd-sourced review sites. Our approach utilizes Change Point Analysis to locate points at which a business' reputation shifts. Inconsistent trends in reviews of the same businesses across multiple websites are used to identify suspicious reviews. We then extract an extensive set of textual and contextual features from these suspicious reviews and employ supervised machine learning to detect fraudulent reviews. We evaluated OneReview on about 805K and 462K reviews from Yelp and TripAdvisor, respectively to identify fraud on Yelp. Supervised machine learning yields excellent results, with 97% accuracy. We applied the created model on suspicious reviews and detected about 62K fraudulent reviews (about 8% of all the Yelp reviews). We further analyzed the detected fraudulent reviews and their authors, and located several spam campaigns in the wild, including campaigns against specific businesses, as well as campaigns consisting of several hundreds of socially-networked untrustworthy accounts.
IVOSIDENIB-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME COMPLICATED BY MYOPERICARDITIS AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Ivosidenib was recently approved as the first oral targeted therapy for refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with IDH1 mutations. Ivosidenib may be associated with differentiation syndrome, a rapid differentiation of myeloid cells leading to a potentially fatal systemic inflammatory
New Zealand’s early monetary history and the colonial bank of issue, 1840-1856

Abstract. This paper explores New Zealand’s early monetary history, examining its colonization and the events leading up to the establishment of the Colonial Bank of Issue, an early currency board. It describes the operations of the bank during its six-year stint as the colony’s sole note issuer. An accompanying spreadsheet workbook contains the statistics of the Colonial Bank of Issue. Keywords. New Zealand, Colonial Bank of Issue, Currency board, George Grey. JEL. E59, N17.
Plasmonic Dark Modes for Enhanced Microcavity Biosensing

Plasmonically enhanced microcavities exhibit local field enhancement but decreased quality (Q) factor compared to bare microcavities. We show that trimer gold nanostructures generate dark modes that greatly increase field enhancement and maintain Q.
The positional cloning and expression studies of the IMMUTANS variegation locus of Arabidopsis thaliana

Nuclear gene-induced variegation mutants provide a powerful system to dissect interactions between the nucleus-cytoplasm, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genetic systems. The immutans variegation mutant of Arabidopsis is nuclear recessive and produces greenand white-sectored leaves. The green sectors contain cells with normal chloroplasts, whereas the white sectors are heteroplastidic and contain cells witli abnormal, pigment-deficient plastids, as well as some normal chloroplasts. White sector formation can be promoted by enhanced light intensities, but sectoring becomes irreversible early in leaf development. The white sectors accumulate the carotenoid prescursor phytoene. We have positionally cloned IMMUTANS and foimd that the gene encodes a 40.5-lcD protein with sequence motifs characteristic of alternative oxidase, a mitochondrial protein that functions as a terminal ^ Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 '' Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
Gabapentin for pain management after osmotic dilator insertion and prior to dilation and evacuation: A randomized controlled trial.

Author(s): Creinin, Mitchell D; Schimmoeller, Natasha R; Matulich, Melissa C; Hou, Melody Y; Melo, Juliana; Chen, Melissa J
Preparation of Ordered Polyacetylene by Solid-State Polymerization in Nanoscale Confinement

We report a novel, highly effective strategy for controlling the synthesis of polyacetylene as a guest in an organic host crystal by monitoring in situ an elimination–condensation polymerization re...
Challenges of Measuring Costs of Care for US Practices.

As the US healthcare system transitions from fee-for-service to value-based purchasing, evaluating physician practice performance on cost is central to driving value. Two measures—Total per Capita Cost (TPCC) and Medicare Spending per Beneficiary (MSPB)—comprise the cost domain in Medicare’s mandatory physician value-based purchasing program: the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). Therefore, we sought to describe the feasibility of applying claims-based cost measures included in MIPS to practices nationwide, and to assess whether feasibility varies by practice size or specialty mix.
Simulation of time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) performance for measuring brain blood flow in the presence of noise with realistic sources and detectors (Conference Presentation)

The ability of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to measure tissue perfusion paves the way for monitoring cerebral blood flow non-invasively. However, during measurements on human forehead, the measured blood flow index (BFi) is susceptible to contamination due to the blood flow in extracerebral tissue. Time domain DCS addresses this problem by selecting photons based on their travel time to obtain BFi at various depths. We have determined the gate start time(s) and width(s) that can lead to optimal sensitivity of BFi to brain blood flow during actual measurements on human subjects using commercially available hardware with accurate noise modelling.
Anomalies of Female Genital Tract

Anomalies of the female genital tract comprise a variety of developmental defects that may be present immediately after birth and during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. Disorders of sex development (formerly known as intersex) describe disorders that result in ambiguous or abnormal genitalia. In contrast, Mullerian duct anomalies result in abnormal development of internal genital organs. In this chapter, we will discuss diagnosis and management of common female genital tract anomalies.
ACETA: Accelerating Encrypted Traffic Analytics on Network Edge

Applying machine learning techniques to detect malicious encrypted network traffic has become a challenging research topic. Traditional approaches based on studying network patterns fail to operate on encrypted data, especially without compromising the integrity of encryption. In addition, the requirement of rendering network-wide intelligent protection in a timely manner further exacerbates the problem. In this paper, we propose to leverage x86 multicore platforms provisioned at enterprises’ network edge with the software accelerators to design an encrypted traffic analytics (ETA) system with accelerated speed. Specifically, we explore a suite of data features and machine learning models with an open dataset. Then we show that by using Intel DAAL and OpenVINO libraries in model training and inference, we are able to reduce the training and inference time by a maximum order of 31x and 46x respectively while retaining the model accuracy.
Prescription Opioid Misuse and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Men

Drug use is associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among men, but few studies have examined the relation between prescription opioid misuse and IPV perpetration. Objectives: T...
Human–Computer Interface

The computer/human interface refers to the modalities through which people interact with computational technologies. Looked at over the last half century, the trend has been from a style of interaction in which the computer is approached as a mechanism to a style of interaction in which the computer is approached as a behaving and aware organism. This first trend has been related to another, from people acting directly on the machine to acting indirectly on its increasingly elaborate self presentation in which many layers of programming stand between underlying processes and what is presented to the user. This movement is more than technical. Computational technologies have served as objects to think with, that is, as carrier objects for ideas. Through their changing interfaces, the computer has moved from being the carrier object of a culture of calculation to that of a culture of simulation. The culture of simulation promotes a way of understanding in which users are encouraged to take computers ‘at interface value.’
Leukotoxin production by Fusobacterium necrophorum strains in relation to severity of liver abscesses in cattle

Abstract Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is the primary etiologic agent of liver abscesses of beef cattle. The bacterium, a member of the microbial community of the rumen, travels to the liver via portal circulation to cause abscesses. The severity of liver abscesses vary from mild with one or two small abscesses to severe with medium to large multiple abscesses. Leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is the critical virulence factor involved in the infection. Our objective was to compare leukotoxin production between strains of F. necrophorum isolated from mild and severe liver abscesses collected from slaughtered cattle. The quantification of leukotoxin was based on assays to measure cytotoxicity and protein antigen concentration. One-hundred strains, 50 from mild and 50 from severe abscesses, were utilized in the study. Cell-free supernatants were prepared from cultures grown in anaerobic broth at 9 and 24 h incubations. The leukotoxic activity was quantified by measuring cytotoxicity based on the release of lactic dehydrogenase from bovine lymphocyte cells, BL3, treated with the culture supernatant. Leukotoxin protein concentration was quantified by a sandwich ELISA assay with a leukotoxin-specific monoclonal antibody as the capture antibody. The leukotoxin activity and concentration were highly variable among the strains within each severity of liver abscesses. Although the leukotoxic activity was unaffected by incubation time, leukotoxin protein concentration was consistently higher at 24 h compared to 9 h incubation. Strains from severe liver abscesses had significantly higher leukotoxic activity and higher protein concentration compared to strains from mild liver abscesses (P
Simple Analytical Model of Pixel for Reflectarray Antennas

A simple analytical model is provided for fast analysis of reflectarray (RA) antennas. The RA pixels are analytically modeled to generate frequency response against incidences’ angles. Thereby, the RA performance is predicted for frequencies and feed positions. Analytical solutions are compared with the exact solutions of the periodic pixels. These models show acceptable performance. Analytical models are provided for 1D, and 2D RAs. The radiation patterns are calculated for different feed positions within a frequency band.
Genome-wide SNPs redefines species boundaries and conservation units in the freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia of North America.

Detailed information on species delineation and population genetic structure is a prerequisite for designing effective restoration and conservation strategies for imperiled organisms. Phylogenomic and population genomic analyses based on genome-wide double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) data has identified three allopatric lineages in the North American freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia. Cyprogenia stegaria is restricted to the Eastern Highlands and displays little genetic structuring within this region. However, two allopatric lineages of C. aberti in the Ozark and Ouachita highlands exhibit substantial levels (mean uncorrected FST = 0.368) of genetic differentiation and each warrants recognition as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Lineages of Cyprogenia in the Ouachita and Ozark highlands are further subdivided reflecting structuring at the level of river systems. Species tree inference and species delimitation in a Bayesian framework using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data supported results from phylogenetic analyses, and supports three species of Cyprogenia over the currently recognized two species. A comparison of SNPs generated from both destructively and non-destructively collected samples revealed no significant difference in the SNP error rate, quality and amount of ddRAD sequence reads, indicating that nondestructive or trace samples can be effectively utilized to generate SNP data for organisms for which destructive sampling is not permitted.
High Risk Features Contributing to 30-Day Readmission After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single Center Retrospective Case-Control Study:

Background and Purpose:Risk of 30-day stroke readmission has been attributed to medical comorbidities, stroke severity, and hospitalization metrics. The leading etiologies appear to vary across ins...
Shape-Changing Particles: From Materials Design and Mechanisms to Implementation

Demands for next-generation soft and responsive materials have sparked recent interest in the development of shape-changing particles and particle assemblies. Over the last two decades, a variety of mechanisms that drive shape change have been explored and integrated into particulate systems. Through a combination of top-down fabrication and bottom-up synthesis techniques, shape-morphing capabilities extend from the microscale to the nanoscale. Consequently, shape-morphing particles are rapidly emerging in a variety of contexts, including photonics, microfluidics, microrobotics, and biomedicine. Herein, the key mechanisms and materials that facilitate shape changes of microscale and nanoscale particles are discussed. Recent progress in the applications made possible by these particles is summarized, and perspectives on their promise and key open challenges in the field are discussed.
Cross-species DNA copy number analyses identifies multiple 1q21-q23 subtype-specific driver genes for breast cancer

A large number of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) exist in human breast cancers, and thus characterizing the most frequent CNAs is key to advancing therapeutics because it is likely that these regions contain breast tumor 'drivers' (i.e., cancer causal genes). This study aims to characterize the genomic landscape of breast cancer CNAs and identify potential subtype-specific drivers using a large set of human breast tumors and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) mammary tumors. Using a novel method called SWITCHplus, we identified subtype-specific DNA CNAs occurring at a 15% or greater frequency, which excluded many well-known breast cancer-related drivers such as amplification of ERBB2, and deletions of TP53 and RB1. A comparison of CNAs between mouse and human breast tumors identified regions with shared subtype-specific CNAs. Additional criteria that included gene expression-to-copy number correlation, a DawnRank network analysis, and RNA interference functional studies highlighted candidate driver genes that fulfilled these multiple criteria. Numerous regions of shared CNAs were observed between human breast tumors and GEM mammary tumor models that shared similar gene expression features. Specifically, we identified chromosome 1q21-23 as a Basal-like subtype-enriched region with multiple potential driver genes including PI4KB, SHC1, and NCSTN. This step-wise computational approach based on a cross-species comparison is applicable to any tumor type for which sufficient human and model system DNA copy number data exist, and in this instance, highlights that a single region of amplification may in fact harbor multiple driver genes.
Seeds: The Delivery System for Crop Science

Seeds have always played a dominant role in agriculture, serving as the primary mechanism by which crop plants are propagated. During the past 50 yr, seed science has matured to gain recognition as a sub-discipline of crop science, which was enhanced by the establishment of graduate training in seed biology at many land grant universities. These programs have provided leadership to the C-4 Division, which led to nine special CSSA publications, two major reviews, and several excellent text books written by members of C-4. The division sponsored more than 15 symposia covering seed production, seed health, synthetic seeds, and distance education. The efforts of seed scientists enhanced the quality control programs of the seed industry by contributing to the development and use of seed vigor tests, sophisticated genetic and herbicide trait tests, improved techniques for seed production and storage, and seed enhancements including film coating, priming, and pelleting. The major factors that have influenced seed science during the past five decades include: The Plant Variety Protection Act and the granting of utility patents, the influence of biotechnology, the use of seed enhancements, seed vigor testing, and the internet in teaching and training. Seeds will continue to provide a mechanism for the propagation of crop plants, however, in the future they may assume new roles as a delivery tool in high technology.
Dynamics of chiral symmetry breaking in nuclear collisions

Measurements of disoriented chiral condensates in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC can yield fundamental information on the nature of the QCD phase transition. I review theoretical efforts to understand the evolution of the condensate and present new results on experimental signals in the single pion spectrum and in pion interferometry.
Ecological stoichiometry and consumer-driven nutrient recycling of Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot 1786) in a Northeastern coastal zone pond

Freshwater mussels recycle nutrients within their environment, and the extent of their influence depends on ambient nutrient concentrations and time of year. This study investigated the stoichiometry of consumer-driven nutrient recycling (C, N, and P) of the numerically dominant indigenous freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata (Eastern Elliptio) in a New England pond, which we accomplished by evaluating the stoichiometry of seston, mussel tissues, excretion, and biodeposition. Based on our results, we identified 4 major findings. First, we found seston CNP was not variable across seasons as expected, with only 4 of 10 pairwise interactions being statistically significant, and did not necessarily match the Redfield ratio as expected with higher C:N and lower C:P and N:P observations. Second, we found our tissue CNP to be below the expected 106:16:1 Redfield ratio and that the mussels did not adhere to strict stoichiometric homeostasis throughout different sizes/ages, as shown with 5 of 12 regressions being statistically significant. Third, we found freshwater mussel excretion to be similar to that found in other studies and that excretion rates and ratios were influenced by size and shifted with changes in season—possibly related to seston composition as well as environmental conditions such as temperature, based on 7 of 10 statistical analyzes being significant. Finally, we found freshwater mussel biodeposition to be variable across time for nutrient rates and ratios as we expected.
Evidence for Redox Regulation of Cytochrome c Release during Programmed Neuronal Death: Antioxidant Effects of Protein Synthesis and Caspase Inhibition

Sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis when they are deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF). Activation of caspases by cytochrome c released from mitochondria is central to this death. In this report we present evidence that cellular redox state regulates cytochrome c redistribution in these neurons. An increase of mitochondrial-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in rat sympathetic neurons in cell culture within 3 hr of NGF withdrawal. Caspase inhibitors blocked this ROS burst. By 6 hr after NGF deprivation, glutathione (GSH) levels had increased, neutralizing elevated hydrogen peroxide levels and returning cellular redox state to basal levels. By 12 hr after deprivation, ROS levels had again increased and remained elevated during the rest of the apoptotic process. The later ROS burst appeared to have both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent components and was coincident with the period of cytochrome c release. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) and treatment with the antioxidant compound, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (l-NAC), blocked both the early and late ROS bursts by increasing cellular GSH levels (Ratan et al., 1994; Tan et al., 1998). Both compounds, and a membrane-permeant form of GSH, also inhibited cytochrome c release and death. Treatment of NGF, CHX-, l-NAC-, and GSH-saved cells with hydrogen peroxide caused rapid cytochrome c release. These data suggest a role for cellular redox state in regulating cytochrome c release during apoptosis induced by NGF withdrawal.
MacGeneRisk and MacMedRisk--HyperCard programs which tutor Bayesian risk assessment.

Abstract Programs have been devised for the Macintosh computer which tutor medical students in the solution of risk assessment problems in human genetics and clinical test interpretation, using Bayesian probability.