cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium and stability of relativistic cylindrical polytropes.

We examine the structure and radial stability of infinitely long cylindrical polytropes in general relativity. We show that in contrast with spherical polytropes, all cylindrical polytropes are stable. Thus pressure regeneration is not decisive in determining the behavior of cylindrical systems. We discuss how the behavior of infinite cylinders is qualitatively different from that of finite, asymptotically flat configurations. We argue that the use of infinite cylinders to gain physical insight into the collapse of finite aspherical systems may be misleading. In particular, the ability of pressure and rotation to always halt the collapse of an infinite cylinder to a naked singularity may not carry over to finite systems.
Architectural and Performance Integration of Hybrid Vehicles

With the development of advanced propulsion systems such as hybrid the need for new system integration, development, and validation strategies increases. Traditional methods for development and validation of vehicles focused mostly on the mechanical systems. Considering that the majority of architectural and performance issues arise from the different interfaces, the complexity increases when these interfaces are of different types such as electro-mechanical and electro-chemical etc.In this paper, some architectural and performance integration issues arising from vehicle electrification and the development of advanced propulsion systems will be studied. To demonstrate the issues and illustrate their impact on the vehicle development process some hybrid system development examples are discussed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Assessing the utility of whole genome amplified DNA for next‐generation molecular ecology

DNA quantity can be a hindrance in ecological and evolutionary research programmes due to a range of factors including endangered status of target organisms, available tissue type, and the impact of field conditions on preservation methods. A potential solution to low-quantity DNA lies in whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques that can substantially increase DNA yield. To date, few studies have rigorously examined sequence bias that might result from WGA and next-generation sequencing of nonmodel taxa. To address this knowledge deficit, we use multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and double-digest RAD sequencing on the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) to quantify bias in genome coverage and SNP calls when compared to raw genomic DNA (gDNA). We focus our efforts in providing baseline estimates of potential bias by following manufacturer's recommendations for starting DNA quantities (>100 ng). Our results are strongly suggestive that MDA enrichment does not introduce systematic bias to genome characterization. SNP calling between samples when genotyping both de-novo and with a reference genome are highly congruent (>98%) when specifying a minimum threshold of 20X stack depth to call genotypes. Relative genome coverage is also similar between MDA and gDNA, and allelic dropout is not observed. SNP concordance varies based on coverage threshold, with 95% concordance reached at ~12X coverage genotyping de-novo and ~7X coverage genotyping with the reference genome. These results suggest that MDA may be a suitable solution for next-generation molecular ecological studies when DNA quantity would otherwise be a limiting factor.
Modeling the amorphous state of phase change memory

A method based on Frenkel-Poole emission is proposed to model the I–V data of the amorphous state (high resistance state) in mushroom-type phase-change memory (PCM) devices. We found the I–V characteristics in the high resistance state are dominated by (i) the size of the amorphous GST (aGST) volume and (ii) the trap density of the amorphized GST material. Neither (i) nor (ii) can't be resolved by the conventional read scheme, which uses a predetermined voltage to measure the PCM cells. We applied the analysis to study a cell with a thin phase change layer (25nm), the phenomena during RESET quenching time, and the resistance drifting at room temperature. With this new and powerful method, detailed changes inside the PCM cells are revealed.
Freedom of expression in an age of cartoon wars

This essay examines contemporary liberal theory in light of the 12 cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, first published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. The objective is both to show the limits of liberal theory, in particular with regard to constituents who do not share liberalism's view of acceptable harm, and to discuss how these limits give us reason to supplement liberal theory with other recourses from critical theory and phenomenology. The essay warns against a bifurcation of law and harm, and instead argues for a pluralization of the possible links between them. To this end, the essay foregrounds what T.M. Scanlon dubs a certain ‘creative instability’, which works to energize liberalism's practice of free speech. The essay tracks this possibility in relation to the plurality and energy intrinsic to the 12 Jyllands-Posten cartoons, and suggests that liberal theory can learn from thinkers such as Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze who focus on the variable impacts and framings of free speech. The upshot is a self-critical theory of free expression, one that links harmful speech to the affirmation of mutual contestation, social equality and respect for difference.
Perception and moral evaluation in young children

Heider's model of responsibility attribution is used to investigate young children's sensitivity to several moral judgement criteria. Forty 6-year-olds responded to stories representing Heider's responsibility levels under one of two conditions: the actor was either the self or a hypothetical other. A highly significant levels effect was found as children made clear distinctions between the attribution criteria in their ratings of blame. Story character had no effect on this measure. However, an unfolding analysis revealed some support for self/other differences in the perception of stories. Moreover, the latent structures recovered successfully predicted blame judgements. The utility of several distinctions which are not made in Piagetian research is emphasized.
Testicular tumors in infants and children.

Abstract I should like to review briefly some of the features of testicular tumors found in infants and children. These are the incidence, the cell types seen in childhood as compared with the adult host, and the frequency of tumor associated with undescended testis. Some reference will be made to tumors in the adult in relationship to management because of the accumulated information gathered in much larger series. A presentation of our experiences at Columbus Children's Hospital and reviews of modes of therapy in testicular tumors in children are included.
Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Filipino and White Women

Background— Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) detects coronary a...
Ultrasonographic appearance and etiology of corrugated small intestine.

An ultrasound pattern of corrugated, and some-times thickened, bowel wall has been associated with pancreatitis and small intestinal lymphan-giectasia. In a retrospective study, records of dogs and cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of corrugated bowel were examined for age, breed, gender, presenting complaint, abdominal radio-graphic results, and final diagnosis. Eighteen dogs and six cats had an ultrasound diagnosis of corrugated bowel. The final diagnosis was pancreatitis (12 of 24), peritonitis (4 of 24), enteritis (2 of 24), pancreatic neoplasia (2 of 24), diffuse abdominal neoplasia (1 of 24), lym-phocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (1 of 24), thrombosis/infarction (1 of 24), and protein-losing enteropathy and acute renal failure (1 of 24). The presence of bowel wall corrugation, although a nonspecific finding, should alert one-to the possibility of pancreatitis, ente-ritis, peritonitis, neoplasia, or bowel wall ischemia.
Apo2L/TRAIL and the Death Receptor 5 Agonist Antibody AMG 655 Cooperate to Promote Receptor Clustering and Antitumor Activity.

Death receptor agonist therapies have exhibited limited clinical benefit to date. Investigations into why Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 preclinical data were not predictive of clinical response revealed that coadministration of Apo2L/TRAIL with AMG 655 leads to increased antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The combination of Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 results in enhanced signaling and can sensitize Apo2L/TRAIL-resistant cells. Structure determination of the Apo2L/TRAIL-DR5-AMG 655 ternary complex illustrates how higher order clustering of DR5 is achieved when both agents are combined. Enhanced agonism generated by combining Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 provides insight into the limited efficacy observed in previous clinical trials and suggests testable hypotheses to reconsider death receptor agonism as a therapeutic strategy.
Breed Variations in Egg Characters

Abstract THE egg of the domestic fowl is made up of a number of different parts. They are the shell, with its two closely adhering membranes, the white or albumen, consisting of four layers, and the yolk. These three main sections may be readily separated and their respective proportions of the whole determined. The four layers of white, namely the chalaziferous layer including the two chalazae, the inner thin white inclosed within the envelope of thick white, the thick or firm white, and the outer thin white are very closely associated and therefore, complete separation is difficult. Since it is practically impossible to separate the thick white and the chalaziferous layer they are combined in this study and considered as one character, the thick white. A number of investigators have determined the percentages of the three main divisions of the egg, the shell, white and yolk. Simon (1901) in a detailed . . .
Modulation of Human Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 Activity by Tricyclic Antidepressants and Other Agents: Importance of Residue 428

Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is subject to modulation by tricyclic antidepressants and other agents. Imipramine activates FMO3-catalyzed metabolism of methimazole at all substrate concentrations tested. This distinguishes FMO3 from rabbit FMO1 and FMO2, which are activated at high substrate concentration and inhibited at low substrate concentration, and pig FMO1, which is inhibited at all substrate concentrations. The response of FMO3 is also unique in that chlorpromazine is markedly more effective as a modulator than is imipramine. n-Octylamine, MgCl2, and HgCl2 all inhibit FMO3, the first two in a biphasic manner. Substitution of lysine for threonine at position 428 significantly alters the response of FMO3 to modulators without changing the kinetic parameters for the metabolism of the substrate. Activation by imipramine and chlorpromazine is reduced or abolished and inhibition, most obvious at low substrate concentrations, is observed. This is consistent with elimination of self-activation in the metabolism of imipramine. The mutation at 428 also eliminates the biphasic nature of the inhibition by n-octylamine and MgCl2, but does not alter the effect of HgCl2. Our findings show that the activity of FMO3 can be modulated by large drug molecules as well as short-chain amines and metal ions. This modulation can be markedly altered by changing a single amino acid in the enzyme.
Solubility and diffusivity of cyclohexane in high density polyethylene

The diffusivity and solubility of cyclohexane in a high density polyethylene, HDPE, were studied using a gravimetric, quartz-spring, sorption balance. Solvent concentrations up to a weight fraction of 0.15 over a temperature range of 90 to 160°C were measured. Diffusion coefficients in the range of 10−6 to 10−7 were determined. Two types of polymer samples were used: a commercial bead form and flat sheets prepared by melting the polymer. Within the experimental error no differences were observed between the two forms indicating that there were no significant effects caused by the melting and compression. The solubility of cyclohexane in the HDPE as a function of the activity of the cyclohexane was linear. Above the melt temperature the solubility data were predicted better by the group-contribution, lattice-fluid equation of state (GCLF-EoS) than by the van der Waals free-volume (UNIFAC-vdw-FV) model. Below the melt temperature a correction factor for the elasticity significantly improved the predictions for both models. Although the HDPE has a crystallinity of 77.6%, the experimental data and the Vrentas-Duda free-volume theory indicated no significant tortuosity effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
CALCULATION OF THE ELASTIC SHEAR CONSTANTS OF MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS

Leigh's calculation of the elastic shear constants of aluminum are extended to include crystals of lower symmetry, and the results are used to interpret the constants of pure magnesium and dilute magnesium alloys. The requirement that pure magnesium be in equilibrium with respect to shears that change the $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio of this hexagonal crystal is consistent only with the assumption that electron overlap has already occurred across the Brillouin zone faces perpendicular to the $c$ axis, a result which is at variance with the usual assumptions for this metal. Assuming $c$ overlap and one other type of electron overlap in the pure metal, it is found that the total number of overlap electrons (or, equivalently, the number of holes) is 1.70\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{21}$ per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, i.e. 2% of the valence electron density. The overlap which appears at an electron/atom ratio of 2.01 is assumed to be an overlap in the equatorial plane of Brillouin zone; this overlap produces an abrupt change in one of the shear constants as the electron/atom ratio is increased beyond 2.01, a behavior of the type predicted by Leigh for aluminum-zinc alloys. The abrupt change in the constant is characteristic of $T=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, however; at room temperature, the predicted effect is much more gradual and is found to agree with the experimental results.
A Double S Shape Provides the Structural Basis for the Extraordinary Binding Specificity of Dscam Isoforms

Summary Drosophila Dscam encodes a vast family of immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing proteins that exhibit isoform-specific homophilic binding. This diversity is essential for cell recognition events required for wiring the brain. Each isoform binds to itself but rarely to other isoforms. Specificity is determined by "matching" of three variable Ig domains within an ∼220 kD ectodomain. Here, we present the structure of the homophilic binding region of Dscam, comprising the eight N-terminal Ig domains (Dscam 1–8 ). Dscam 1–8 forms a symmetric homodimer of S-shaped molecules. This conformation, comprising two reverse turns, allows each pair of the three variable domains to "match" in an antiparallel fashion. Structural, genetic, and biochemical studies demonstrate that, in addition to variable domain "matching," intramolecular interactions between constant domains promote homophilic binding. These studies provide insight into how "matching" at all three pairs of variable domains in Dscam mediates isoform-specific recognition.
Role of the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway in Regulation of INO1 and in the sec14 Bypass Mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

INO1, encoding inositol 1-phosphate synthase, is the most highly regulated of a class of genes containing the repeated element, UAS(INO), in their promoters. Transcription of UAS(INO)-containing genes is modulated by the availability of exogenous inositol and by signals generated by alteration of phospholipid metabolism. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway also is involved in INO1 expression and the ire1Delta and hac1Delta mutants are inositol auxotrophs. We examined the role of the UPR in transmitting a signal generated in response to inositol deprivation and to alteration of phospholipid biosynthesis created in the sec14(ts) cki1Delta genetic background. We report that the UPR is required for sustained high-level INO1 expression in wild-type strains, but not for transient derepression in response to inositol deprivation. Moreover, the UPR is not required for expression or regulation of INO1 in response to the change in lipid metabolism that occurs in the sec14(ts) cki1Delta genetic background. Thus, the UPR signal transduction pathway is not involved directly in transcriptional regulation of INO1 and other UAS(INO)-containing genes. However, we discovered that inactivation of Sec14p leads to activation of the UPR, and that sec14 cki1 strains exhibit defective vacuolar morphology, suggesting that the mechanism by which the cki1Delta mutation suppresses the growth and secretory defect of sec14 does not fully restore wild-type morphology. Finally, synthetic lethality involving sec14 and UPR mutations suggests that the UPR plays an essential role in survival of sec14 cki1 strains.
Broadband Wide-View LCDs With Small Color Shift

We proposed a broadband wide-view liquid crystal display (LCD) with two biaxial films. Based on different dispersion properties of these two films, we optimized their in-plane phase retardation values to minimize the light leakage and color shift over the whole viewing cone. The broadband wide view and low color shift properties will further lead to high contrast ratio and good color quality, especially for low gray level images.
Multidimensional profiling platforms reveal metabolic dysregulation caused by organophosphorus pesticides

We are environmentally exposed to countless synthetic chemicals on a daily basis, with an increasing number of these chemical exposures linked to adverse health effects. However, our understanding of the (patho)physiological effects of these chemicals remains poorly understood, due in part to a general lack of effort to systematically and comprehensively identify the direct interactions of environmental chemicals with biological macromolecules in mammalian systems in vivo. Here, we have used functional chemoproteomic and metabolomic platforms to broadly identify direct enzyme targets that are inhibited by widely used organophosphorus (OP) pesticides in vivo in mice and to determine metabolic alterations that are caused by these chemicals. We find that these pesticides directly inhibit over 20 serine hydrolases in vivo leading to widespread disruptions in lipid metabolism. Through identifying direct biological targets of OP pesticides, we show heretofore unrecognized modes of toxicity that may be associated with these agents and underscore the utility of using multidimensional profiling approaches to obtain a more complete understanding of toxicities associated with environmental chemicals.
Analysis of a three-dimensional computer optical scheme based on bidirectional free-space optical interconnects

We describe the optical design of an optoelectronic 3-D system that is being developed by the Optoelectronic Computing Systems Center at the University of Colorado to prove the utility and viability of 3-D computers that use free-space optical interconnects to achieve a high degree of global connectivity among the PEs of a fine-grained parallel computer. The features of the VCSEL array as a source of coherent emission for hologram reconstruction and the CGH design procedure are discussed. An optical design in paraxial approximation of the 3-D computer with bidirectional 8 x 8 holographic interconnects is presented. The effect of VCSEL wavelength variation on diftraction crosstalk is estimated. The aberration in optical system based on the shelf objective is calculated, and a distortion compensation procedure is proposed.
A note on Vansina's invention of matrilinearity

Jan Vansina's Paths in the Rainforests (1990) provides an instructive example of progress in overcoming the continuing burden of nineteenth-century evolutionary theory in studies of precolonial Africa in both historiography and anthropology. This article focuses on a critical section of the book, which outlines social evolution and ‘the invention of matrilinearity’ in the area around the lower Congo, showing both the strengths and the weaknesses of Vansina's approach.
IMAGES OF COLONIAL PORT ROYAL, SOUTH CAROLINA*

ABSTRACT Early seafarers perceived the large, deep-water sound and numerous waterways of Port Royal, South Carolina, as advantages for the development of a port with an excellent transport network. Those who settled the land, however, perceived the large sound and waterways as obstacles which led to isolation, political fragmentation, and fears of military insecurity. The failure of colonial development at Port Royal appears related to the physical features which were praised by those who first described the area.
Prescription Practices for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Findings from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 1999–2010

Recent trends in prescriptions for medicines used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States have received little attention. Our objective was to examine trends in prescribing practices for medications used to treat COPD. We examined data from surveys of national samples of office visits to non-federal employed office-based physicians in the United States by patients aged ≥40 years with COPD recorded by the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1999 to 2010. From three diagnostic codes, office visits by patients with COPD were identified. Prescribed medications were identified from up to 8 recorded medications. The percentage of these visits during which a prescription for any medication used to treat COPD was issued increased from 27.0% in 1999 to 49.1% in 2010 (p trend < 0.001). Strong increases were noted for short-acting beta-2 agonists (17.6% in 1999 to 24.7% in 2010; p trend < 0.001), long-acting beta-2 agonists as single agents or combination products (6.2% in 1999 to 28.3% in 2010; p trend < 0.001), inhaled corticosteroids as single agents or combination products (10.9% in 1999 to 30.9% in 2010; p trend < 0.001), and tiotropium (3.8% in 2004 to 17.2% in 2010; p trend < 0.001). Since 1999, prescription patterns for medicines used to treat COPD have changed profoundly in the United States.
Viehweg's Conjecture for Families over ℙ n

Abstract The purpose of this note is to give a simple proof of a special case of a conjecture of Viehweg concerning base spaces of non-isotrivial families of smooth canonically polarized varieties. Dedicated to Steven L. Kleiman on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
Chronic Active Hepatitis Without Hepatitis B Antigenemia in Renal Transplant Recipients: Report of three cases

Histologically confirmed chronic active hepatitis was observed in 3 patients after renal transplantation. None had circulating hepatitis B antigen in multiple serum samples tested by radioimmunoassay. Each patient had been treated with immunosuppressive therapy, consisting of prednisone and azathioprine, during the period in which liver disease became evident. Cyclophosphamide was substituted for azathioprine in all 3 patients, but no clear response to this alteration in therapy was observed, and in 1 patient, who developed hepatic failure, postnecrotic cirrhosis with esophagogastric varices was found on postmortem examination. The development of chronic active hepatitis without hepatitis B antigenemia after renal transplantation extends the spectrum of liver disease observed in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and raises new questions in the management of this hepatic disorder.
Uncovering trees in constraint networks

Abstract This paper examines the possibility of removing redundant information from a given knowledge base and restructuring it in the form of a tree to enable efficient problem-solving routines. We offer a novel approach that guarantees removal of all redandancies that hide a tree structure. We develop a polynomial-time algorithm that, given an arbitrary binary constraint network, either extracts (by edge removal) a precise tree representation from the path-consistent version of the network or acknowledges that no such tree can be extracted. In the latter case, a tree is generated that may serve as an approximation to the original network.
Waste management: a missing element in strategic planning

The USA generates hundreds of million tons of solid waste per year. Solid waste has become a major problem – it is a potential threat to public health, it scars the environment, and it can be a block to the economic development of an area because of the negative image it presents. Many simple solutions are proposed: waste reduction being the obvious one, yet it appears that increasing waste generation is unavoidable. This article examines a number of environments in which strategic planning models, sometimes with associated regulatory intervention, have been suggested to counter the growing problem of waste and its effects on the environment.
Optimal Power Flow as a Polynomial Optimization Problem

Formulating the alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) as a polynomial optimization problem makes it possible to solve large instances in practice and to guarantee asymptotic convergence in theory. We formulate the ACOPF as a degree-two polynomial program and study two approaches to solving it via convexifications. In the first approach, we tighten the first-order relaxation of the nonconvex quadratic program by adding valid inequalities. In the second approach, we exploit the structure of the polynomial program by using a sparse variant of Lasserre's hierarchy. This allows us to solve instances of up to 39 buses to global optimality and to provide strong bounds for the Polish network within an hour.
Sildenafil and Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans

Although it is well established that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pharmacological preconditioning (PPC) protect cardiac myocytes against reversible and irreversible injury and the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias1 in all animal species and humans, the effect of IPC and PPC on endothelial dysfunction has been less thoroughly studied. In this regard, the first article to clearly establish that IPC can protect endothelium against injury was published by DeFily and Chilian in 1993.2 They demonstrated in dogs that IPC preserved the endothelial-mediated coronary dilator responses to 2 endothelial-dependent vasodilators, serotonin and acetylcholine, in the absence of any damage to the smooth muscle cells mediating the dilator response. From a mechanistic standpoint, it has also been known since 19923 that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) are an integral part of both acute and delayed IPC against myocardial infarction in animals and man.4 Subsequently, Katnik and Adams5 demonstrated that an ATP-sensitive potassium channel was present in rabbit endothelium that was inhibited by the KATP channel antagonists tolbutamide and glibenclamide. That endothelial KATP channels may be involved as a trigger in IPC to protect isolated guinea pig hearts against endothelial dysfunction was demonstrated recently by Beresewicz et al.6 These authors showed that the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels by IPC or diazoxide protected the endothelium by reducing the burst of reactive oxygen species, particularly the superoxide anion, which occurs at reperfusion.6 Thus, strong evidence in animal models indicates the presence of a KATP channel in endothelial cells and suggests that its activation resulting from IPC and PPC results in a protective effect to alleviate endothelial dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. See p 742 In spite of these previously published animal studies, which clearly suggest that IPC protects against endothelial dysfunction, the …
Texas Automated Buoy System

The Texas Automated Buoy System (TABS) began in 1994 when the Texas General Land Office (GLO) funded the Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) at Texas A&M University to design and purchase five telemetering current meter buoys. Instrumented buoys continuously measure current velocity about six feet below the surface and transmit the data to shore on a regular schedule via satellite telephone. The system has eight buoys funded by the TGLO operating along the Texas Coast — one near Sabine Pass, two off Galveston, one midway between Freeport and Corpus Christi, one off Corpus Christi, and two off Brownsville. The eighth buoy, a three meter discus buoy, was installed off Port Aransas in the summer of 2005 and removed in 2008. Two additional buoys located near the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary are funded separately by an oil industry consortium but are operated as part of the TABS program. Four different types of TABS buoys are currently used by the program. All the buoys can accommodate single point current sensors. The 2.25 and 3m and TABS Π buoys can accommodate acoustic current profiling instruments and meteorological packages which include air temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, as well as wind speed and direction. The larger two buoys have both mechanical and acoustic anemometers as well as accelerometers for measuring waves. The TABS I buoys can be deployed in 10–20m water depth. The TABS II buoys are suitable for deployment in 15m to 45m water depth. The two larger buoys have been deployed in up to 110m water depth. Computers at Texas A&M University automatically collect data from the buoys every two hours via the satellite data modems and make the observations available to GLO and the general public via the Internet. TABS data are made available to NOAA NDBC via ftp to permit the data to be used by the National Weather Service. TABS sites B, J, K N and V have been given NDBC designators 42043, 42044, 42045, 42046 and 42047 respectively. In 1998 a modeling component was added to the TABS program with the development and implementation of POM adapted to perform simulations on the Texas shelf. In 2002 the modeling was extended with the implementation of ROMS. Both models are run on a regular basis and output to a web page. Wind data from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta-12 wind fields are used to drive the model in nowcast and forecast modes. Hurricanes have affected the buoy system resulting in the loss of several buoys at the deeper offshore locations. The TABS 2.25m buoy was developed in an effort to deploy a buoy that could survive hurricanes. In September, 2008, the eye of Hurricane Ike passed directly over Buoy V located near the Flower Garden Banks. The mechanical anemometer was damaged but the acoustic wind sensor gave a complete record of the storms passage. Wave and atmospheric pressure data were also recorded. Perhaps most interesting is the decrease of measured waves in the eye of the storm.
Does situational panic disorder represent a specific panic disorder subtype

Abstract Panic disordered patients experiencing a major life event shortly before the onset of their first panic attack were compared to patients whose attacks started spontaneously. There were very few significant differences between the two patient groups for the 65 tested clinical variables. The study data suggests situational panic disorder probably does not represent a specific diagnostic subtype.
The Jury as Catalyst for the Reform of Criminal Evidentiary Procedure in Continental Europe: The Cases of Russia and Spain

This paper focuses on the dialectic between the search for truth, adversarial procedure, and lay participation in the preparation, presentation, and evaluation of evidence in criminal trials. Its primary focus is on the reintroduction of trial by jury in two classic inquisitorial criminal justice systems, Russia (1993) and Spain (1995), as a catalyst in those countries’ move to adversary procedure. It focuses on the effect of the jury system on preparing evidence for trial, the presentation of evidence at trial, and the evaluation of evidence.
Sensitization of Blood Vessels to Acetylcholine by Sympathetic Denervation

SummarySensitization to intravenous injections of acetylcholine by sympathetic denervation of the hind limbs of cats is demonstrated plethysmographically. It is emphasized that care must be taken to remove completely the sympathetic supply to the limb in question in order to observe sensitization.
Variational Calculations of Donor Binding Energy in Rectangular Wurtzite Aluminium Gallium Nitride / Gallium Nitride Quantum Wires

We present variational calculations of donor binding energy in rectangular wurtzite aluminium gallium nitride / gallium nitride quantum wires. We explicitly take into account the effect of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization on the energy levels of donors in quantum wires. Wurtzite structure nitride semiconductors have spontaneous polarization even in the absence of externally applied electric fields. They also have large piezoelectric polarization when grown as pseudomorphic layers. The magnitude of both polarization components is of the order of 1013 electrons per cm2, and has a non-trivial effect on the potential profile seen by electrons. Due to the large built-in electric fields resulting from the polarization discontinuities at heterojunctions, the binding energies of donors is a strong function of the position inside the quantum wire. The potential profile in the 0001 direction can vary by as much as 1.5eV due to polarization effects for vertical dimensions of the quantum wire up to 20 angstroms. The probability density of electrons tends to concentrate near the minimum of the conduction band profile in the 0001 direction. Donors located close to this minimum tend to have a larger concentration of electron density compared to those located closer to the maximum. As a consequence, the binding energy of the former are higher compared to the latter. We use Lorentzian variational wavefunctions to calculate the binding energy as a function of donor position. The confinement potential enhances the binding by a factor of about 3 compared to donors in bulk nitride semiconductors, from about 30 meV to about 90 meV. The variation of binding energy with position is calculated to be more than 50% for typical compositions of the quantum wire regions. Our calculations will be useful for understanding device applications involving n-type doped nitride semiconductor quantum wires.
The Compromised Host

The relationship between immunologic deficiency and bizarre patterns of infection is, of course, not new. But intensive studies of transplant patients, taken together with delineation of the susceptibilities manifested by persons with malignancies of the lymphoid system, have paved the way for a systematic approach to the understanding and management of diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens.
Molecular Biologic Studies in the Clinical Evaluation of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Recent advances in DNA technology have revealed new information about the biology of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas that is both provocative and exciting. Because these technologies are just beginning to be applied to the clinical evaluation of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, the results of clinical studies must be regarded as preliminary. At this time we can only speculate on how they might lead to improved clinical management or provide the basis for new therapies.
Dose-response relationship of tetronasin administered to grazing steers.

Two grazing experiments were conducted to evaluate the dose-response relationship of steers to the ionophore tetronasin. Bermudagrass-based pastures were grazed 126 d in Exp. 1, and annual ryegrass or an annual ryegrass-berseem clover mixture was grazed 112 d in Exp. 2. Tetronasin was administered in ground corn (.91 kg/hd) fed daily to provide dosages of 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 or 90 mg. One hundred forty-four steers (220 kg, Exp. 1; 196 kg, Exp. 2) were allocated to treatment groups of six steers within four initial weight blocks in Exp. 1 and within two initial weight blocks, assigned to two forage types in Exp. 2. Initial weight blocks were confounded with four pasture blocks, divided in six 1.35-ha paddocks. Treatment groups were rotated among paddocks within pasture block every 2 wk. Stepwise tetronasin addition resulted in a linear increase (P less than .05) in the proportion of propionic acid and a linear decrease (P less than .05) in the proportion of acetic acid and the acetic to propionic acid ratio in both experiments. Total VFA concentrations were not altered in Exp. 1 but they decreased linearly in Exp. 2 with tetronasin addition. Maximal observed improvement in daily gain (.1 kg) occurred at a dosage of 30 mg.hd-1.d-1 in Exp. 1 and 90 mg.hd-1.d-1 in Exp. 2. Daily gain increased linearly (P less than .06) with tetronasin level in both experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structure-Interaction Theory: Conceptual, Contextual and Strategic Influences on Human Communication

This paper addresses Structure-Interaction Theory (SIT), a theoretical framework that both describes communication messages as well as assists in making predictions about how human communication can be improved based on listener preferences for message structure or interaction. Communication messages may be characterized as existing on a continuum of structure-interaction. Communication structure is the inherent way information in a message is organized. A highly structured message is one in which the message is strategically organized using a planned arrangement of symbols to create meaning. Communication interaction is a way of viewing a message with give-and-take, less sustained “notes,” more change in note sequence and briefer notes. SIT seeks to provide a framework to assist communicators in appropriately adapting a message for maximum effectiveness. Although Structure-Interaction Theory newly articulated here, it is anchored in both classic ways of describing communication, such as rhetoric and dialectic (Aristotle, 1959), as well as more contemporary communication theories (Salem, 2012; Littlejohn & Foss, 2008). Specifically, the paper provides an overview of the theory and its conceptual assumptions, identifies how the theory can help explain and predict communication in several communication contexts (interpersonal, group, public communication), and suggests how SIT may help identify strategies to enhance human development. Structure-Interaction Theory is based on an assumption that a human communication message which is understood, achieves the intended effect of the communicator, and is ethical, requires an appropriate balance of two things: structure and interaction. Communication structure is the inherent way a message is constructed to provide a sustained direction to present information to another person. In linking structure and interaction to Aristotle’s description of messages, rhetoric is a more structured, sustained speech or planned message. Dialectic is characterized by a more spontaneous give and take interaction of messages and response to messages. SIT posits that all communication can be placed on a continuum of structure-interaction. The paper identifies applications of SIT to several communication situations and presents communication strategies that can enhance human development. The paper also notes how SIT can be used to develop message strategies to adapt to audience preferences for structure and interaction based on culture and audience expectations. Considering the needs, interests, values (including cultural values) of the audience, is the prime determinant of the degree of structure or interaction that should be evident in a communication episode. Appropriately applied, SIT may help both describe the nature of messages (as structured or interactive) as well as assist in making predictions as to how applications of the structure-interaction message continuum may enhance communication effectiveness.
Propagation of Quercus myrsinifolia and Quercus canbyi by stem cuttings.

Abstract Stem cuttings of two clones (clone 1 and 2) of Quercus myrsinifolia Bl. (Chinese evergreen oak), and one clone of Quercus canbyi Trel. (Canby's oak), of seedling origin and in the adult growth phase, were taken on various dates representing specific growth stages. Cuttings of clone 1 of Q. myrsinifolia were collected at the semi-hardwood, hardwood, or softwood stages in addition to a transitional stage between softwood and semi-hardwood. For clone 2, stem cuttings were taken only at the softwood and transitional softwood/semi-hardwood stages. Cuttings of Q. canbyi were collected at the semi-hardwood, hardwood, or softwood stages. Cuttings of both species were treated with 0, 1500 (0.15%), 3000 (0.3%), 6000 (0.6%), or 9000 ppm (0.9%) indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol. All cuttings were placed in a raised greenhouse bench and rooted under intermittent mist. Semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings of Q. myrsinifolia or Q. canbyi did not root. Responses of stem cuttings of Q. myrsinifolia to IBA...
The mammary ridge—A case report of multiple ectopic breast masses

Ectopic or accessory breasts describe residual breast tissue that fails to regress during normal embryologic development anywhere outside the expected locations. Ectopic breast tissue is seen in 2-6% of the population and is categorized into two types: supernumerary and aberrant breast tissue . The extent of development of this accessory tissue varies from rudimentary to complete with organized glandular and ductal development. Given this, it is possible for the same pathology that affects normally positioned breast tissue to also affect accessory breast tissue.
A comparison of resetting and nonresetting contingencies in progressive-duration schedules

We compared two progressive schedules of reinforcement in which rats received access to sweetened condensed milk for depressing and holding down a response lever. Duration requirements increased after each reinforcer delivery in a manner similar to progressive-ratio schedules. Under one schedule, any response duration less than that required for reinforcement had no programmed consequences. Under the second schedule, the cumulative duration of all responses could meet the reinforcement criteria. Breaking points were consistently higher when all lever presses, regardless of duration, contributed to meeting the reinforcer requirements. Breaking points under both schedules increased when food deprivation was long enough to result in body-weight reductions, but the sensitivity of the schedules to brief periods of food deprivation was inconsistent. Under both schedules, food deprivation produced an increase in shorter durations, thus reducing the efficiency of responding.
Dynamics of Water Monolayers Confined by Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces: Observation of Surface-Induced Anisotropic Diffusion

Water present in confining geometries plays key roles in many systems of scientific and technological relevance. Prominent examples are living cells and nanofluidic devices. Despite its importance, a complete understanding of the dynamics of water in nanoscale confinement remains elusive. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the diffusive dynamics of water monolayers confined in chemically heterogeneous silica slit pores. The effect of chemical heterogeneity is systematically investigated through the fraction fSiOH of randomly distributed surface sites that possess hydroxyl functional groups. Partial hydroxylation results in heterogeneous surfaces comprising nanoscale hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. We find that the in-plane diffusivity of water increases monotonically with fSiOH; at low surface hydroxylation (fSiOH ≤ 50%), slow water dynamics arise due to the formation of icelike structures in the hydrophobic regions, while at fSiOH ≥ 75%, surface−water H-bonds in t...
/pol/emics: Ambiguity, scales, and digital discourse on 4chan

Abstract This paper will explore the ways in which online, anonymous interaction on the website 4chan.org can complicate traditionally situated discursive theory. Through an examination of the politically incorrect board (/pol/), this paper begins to reanalyze scale, alignment, and double-voicing approaches in ways that necessitate novel understandings of digitally placed discourse. This website has demonstrated unique engagements with these categories, engaging with global and personal discourses through anonymity, geographically “situated” flag markers, and green-text narrative techniques, among others. This essay contains a number of examples found through 4chan’s /pol/ via qualitative-oriented, inscriptive gathering techniques of discourses concerning both the continuing European and American migration issues, as they are explored by a globally situated, digital community. Through banal, everyday engagements with both the material and the website features themselves, users craft new realizations of identity and interaction in a space that seeks to make all anonymous.
Probing Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Growth and Ion Permeability at Undriven Electrolyte–Metal Interfaces Using 7Li NMR

We examine here the exchange of Li ions between electrolyte and metallic lithium with 7Li NMR spectroscopy. The measurements quantify the liquid–solid exchange processes, as well as the growth of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. A numerical model including diffusion in the solid phase through atom hopping, radiofrequency penetration considerations through the skin effect, as well as surface exchange explains the experimental trends. Incorporation of the growth of an SEI layer explains the “missing” Li quantities, and, as the SEI layer grows, a decreased ion permeability in dependence on the layer thickness is modeled to explain the long-term trends. These measurements provide indirect probes for SEI growth and permeabilities and also provide a means for quantifying Li diffusion in the metal.
Graded motor imagery for women at risk for developing type I CRPS following closed treatment of distal radius fractures: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial protocol

Distal radius fractures (DRF) account for nearly one-fifth of all fractures in older adults, and women experience them 5× as often as men. Most DRF occur with low impact injuries to the wrist with an outstretched hand, and are often managed via closed treatment and cast immobilization. Women sustaining a DRF are at risk for upper limb immobility, sensorimotor changes, edema and type I complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Since CRPS onset is likely influenced by alterations in the brain’s somatosensory region, a rehabilitation intervention, Graded Motor Imagery (GMI), aims to restore cortical representation, including sensory and motor function, of the affected limb. To date, there are no studies on the use of GMI in reducing risk of or preventing the onset of type I CRPS in women with DRF treated with cast immobilization. Due to a higher likelihood of women with this injury developing type I CRPS, it is important to early intervention is needed. This article describes a six-week randomized comparative effectiveness trial, where the outcomes of a modified GMI program (mGMI) + standard of care (SOC) group (n = 33) are compared to a SOC only control group (n = 33). Immediately following cast immobilization, both groups participate in four 1-h clinic-based sessions, and a home program for 10 min three times daily until cast removal. Blinded assessments occur within 1 week of cast immobilization (baseline), at three weeks post cast immbolization, cast removal, and at three months post cast removal. The primary outcomes are patient reported wrist/hand function and symptomology on the Patient Rated Wristand Hand Evaluation, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Budapest CRPS Criteria. The secondary outcomes are grip strength, active range of motion as per goniometry, circumferential edema measurements, and joint position sense. This study will investigate the early effects of mGMI + SOC hand therapy compared to SOC alone. We intend to investigate whether an intervention, specifically mGMI, used to treat preexisiting pain and motor dysfunction might also be used to mitigate these problems prior to their onset. If positive effects are observed, mGMI + SOC may be considered for incorporation into early rehabilitation program. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT02957240 (Approval date: April 20, 2017).