cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications arising from iris-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses

Iris fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) is a technique that has been recommended for patients in whom a posterior chamber IOL is indicated but there is insufficient capsular support. We present 4 cases of iris-fixated posterior chamber IOLs with complications related to the procedure. Three patients developed postoperative slippage of the IOL, and 1 patient presented with iris erosion of the haptic leading to recurrent hemorrhage. Three cases were repaired by resuturing the same IOL using iris fixation, and in the last case IOL exchange with transscleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL was performed. Final follow-up revealed stable IOLs in all cases.
LIMITED INFORMATION AND ADVERTISING IN THE U.S. PERSONAL COMPUTER INDUSTRY

Traditional discrete-choice models assume buyers are aware of all products for sale. In markets where products change rapidly, the full information assumption is untenable. I present a discrete-choice model of limited consumer information, where advertising influences the set of products from which consumers choose to purchase. I apply the model to the U.S. personal computer market where top firms spend over $2 billion annually on advertising. I find estimated markups of 19% over production costs, where top firms advertise more than average and earn higher than average markups. High markups are explained to a large extent by informational asymmetries across consumers, where full information models predict markups of one-fourth the magnitude. I find that estimated product demand curves are biased toward being too elastic under traditional models. I show how to use data on media exposure to improve estimated price elasticities in the absence of micro ad data.
Effects of meal size on postprandial responses in juvenile Burmese pythons (Python molurus)

Pythons were reported previously to exhibit large changes in intestinal mass and transporter activities on consuming meals equal to 25% of the snake's body mass. This paper examines how those and other adaptive responses to feeding vary with meal size (5, 25, or 65% of body mass). Larger meals took longer to pass through the stomach and small intestine. After ingestion of a meal, O2 consumption rates rose to up to 32 times fasting levels and remained significantly elevated for up to 13 days. This specific dynamic action equaled 29-36% of ingested energy. After 25 and 65% size meals, plasma Cl- significantly dropped, whereas plasma CO2, glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen increased as much as a factor of 2.3-4.2. Within 1 day the intestinal mucosal mass more than doubled, and masses of the intestinal serosa, liver, stomach, pancreas, and kidneys also increased. Intestinal uptake rates of amino acids and of D-glucose increased by up to 43 times fasting levels, whereas uptake capacities increased by up to 59 times fasting levels. Magnitudes of many of these responses (O2 consumption rate, kidney hypertrophy, and D-glucose and L-lysine uptake) increased with meal size up to the largest meals studied; other responses (Na+-independent L-leucine uptake, plasma Cl-, and organ masses) plateaued at meals equal to 25% of the snake's body mass; and still other responses (nutrient uptake at day 1, passive glucose uptake, and plasma protein and alkaline phosphatase) were all-or-nothing, being independent of meal size between 5 and 65% of body mass. Pythons undergo a wide array of postprandial responses, many of which differ in their sensitivity to meal size.
THE IMPACT OF IBN SĪNĀ'S CRITIQUE OF ATOMISM ON SUBSEQUENT KALĀM DISCUSSIONS OF ATOMISM

Kalām atomism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of the falāsifa. In the Physics of the Shifā', Ibn Sīnā undertook a detailed refutation of kalām atomism through several arguments. These arguments elicited a muted response from al-Ghazālī, whose commitment to kalām was minimal at best. A more forceful response seems to have been offered by al-Shahrastānī but its details remain sketchy due to the lack of surviving sources. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, whose intellectual development went through a phase of commitment to Avicennism and thereby a vigorous endorsement of Ibn Sīnā's anti-atomist arguments followed by a phase of a critical engagement with Avicennism, provides a detailed rebuttal to Ibn Sīnā's arguments in addition to constructing novel arguments in defense of kalām atomism.
Analysis of factors causing peak broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract An equation analogous to the Van Deemter equation in chromatography is developed to account for peak broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). This equation applies to conditions wher the peaks are symmetrical (sample zone concentration much less than background electrolyte concentration). To identify and to quantitate the effects of different contributions to the peak width in CZE, it is first necessary to put all peak profiles on the same footing by correcting them for the velocities fo different zones and for the finite length of the detector zone compared to the sample zone. Three major contributors to the peak width are identified: (1) the injection length of the sample; (2) longtudinal diffusion that takes place during the migration time between injection and detection; and (3) analyte-wall interactions. Temperature is shown not to be a major factor in peak broadening under typical experimental conditions. The predictions of our model agree well with experimentally determined peak profiles for different analytes under a variety of conditions. New expressions for theoretical plate number and resolution in CZE are presented. It is concluded that in almost all previously reported CZE separations the peak profiles were dominated by the sample injection length. This explains why the observed peak widths in CZE have been broader than anticipated.
The Interpretation of Dreams, and of Jokes

The problem of meaning in dreams is examined along with the question of how such meaning may be legitimately extracted. Quantitative content analysis has shown that a rough continuity exists betwee...
Developmental paradigms in terminal lung development.

Late lung development comprises the formation of the terminal sac followed by the subdivision of the terminal sac by septa into alveoli and results in the formation of the gas-exchange surface of the lung. This developmentally regulated process involves a complex epithelium–mesenchyme interaction via evolutionarily conserved molecular signaling pathways. In addition, there is a continuous process of vascular growth and development. Currently there are large gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the gas-exchange surface. In this review, we attempt to integrate and reconcile the morphologic features in late lung development with what is known about the molecular basis for these processes. We describe the formation of the terminal sac and the subsequent formation of the septa, which divide the terminal sac into alveoli, in terms of the classically described developmental stages of induction, morphogenesis and differentiation. We believe that evolutionarily conserved pathways regulate this process and that morphogen gradients are likely to be a central mechanism. In addition, we highlight the importance of the molecular mechanisms involved in the simultaneous development of the vascular bed and its importance in the late development of the lungs. BioEssays 24:1052–1059, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Periodicals, Inc.
Deficiency of terminal complement pathway inhibitor promotes neuronal tau pathology and degeneration in mice.

The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms aggregates in tauopathies but the processes leading to this pathological hallmark are not understood. Because tauopathies are accompanied by neuroinflammation and the complement cascade forms a key innate immune pathway, we asked whether the complement system has a role in the development of tau pathology. We tested this hypothesis in two mouse models, which expressed either a central inhibitor of complement or lacked an inhibitor of the terminal complement pathway. Complement receptor-related gene/protein y is the natural inhibitor of the central complement component C3 in rodents. Expressing a soluble variant (sCrry) reduced the number of phospho-tau (AT8 epitope) positive neurons in the brain stem, cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus of aged P301L mutant tau/sCrry double-transgenic mice compared with tau single-transgenic littermates (JNPL3 line). CD59a is the major inhibitor of formation of the membrane attack complex in mice. Intrahippocampal injection of adeno-associated virus encoding mutant human P301L tau into Cd59a−/− mice resulted in increased numbers of AT8-positive cells compared with wild-type controls. This was accompanied by neuronal and synaptic loss and reduced dendritic integrity. Our data in two independent mouse models with genetic changes in key regulators of the complement system support the hypothesis that the terminal pathway has an active role in the development of tau pathology. We propose that inhibition of the terminal pathway may be beneficial in tauopathies.
Moderate hyperglycemia worsens acute blood-brain barrier injury after forebrain ischemia in rats.

Clinical and experimental data indicate that hyperglycemia can aggravate the consequences of stroke and cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moderate hyperglyc...
Assistive Technology and Students with High-Incidence Disabilities: Understanding the Relationship through the NLTS2

Assistive technology use in secondary school and postschool has been shown to improve the educational attainment and life outcomes of students with high-incidence disabilities. This study used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2—collected in the early to mid-2000s—to explore the relationship between receipt of assistive technology in school and postschool outcomes. Few students in this study reported receiving assistive technology in high school (7.8%) and fewer still after high school (1.1%). In general, students with high-incidence disabilities who reported receiving assistive technology in school had more positive postschool outcomes in terms of a paid job, wages, and participation in postsecondary education. Yet assistive technology receipt was not a statistically significant factor in the logistic regression model for any dependent variable (i.e., postschool outcome). Although positive implications for receipt of assistive technology in school were suggested, receipt was not a pred...
Work in progress - development of a two-semester introduction to electrical engineering hybrid design Studio

A traditional two-semester introduction to electrical engineering curriculum is being modified. The traditional method with lectures and prescribed laboratory experiences has been an effective learning model for students. A modification of this approach is being implemented to improve the students' depth and retention of knowledge. The traditional approach is being replaced by a one-semester broad overview course and a second semester in-depth study course that uses a studio learning pedagogy. The first semester broad overview course is comprised of material from the former two- semester curriculum, a digital design course, and junior- level courses. Additionally, the use of simulation is increased and more laboratory experiments are performed. The second semester uses a studio learning environment where students reinforce the concepts from the first semester by engaging in open-ended hands-on design, in-studio design and problem solving, and repetition of some of the previous semester's laboratory work. The mix of traditional lecture/lab overview of material followed by in-depth studio learning is a significant change from traditional teaching pedagogies and is expected to result in deeper learning and increased knowledge retention. Assessment will be performed at the end of the second semester and again in the fall of the junior year.
Qualitative Research: The Evaluation of Its Credibility, Fittingness, and Auditability:

The three criteria of credibility, fittingness, and auditability have been focused on in the hope of facilitating the critique of qualitative research. Once criteria that are appropriate to qualitative methodologies are developed, the scientific merit of these research studies can truly be appreciated. If traditional scientific criteria relevant to quantitative studies are used to critique qualitative methods, the development and acceptance of this paradigm-transcending research will be hindered.
The Status of Cultural Omnivorism: A Case Study of Reading in Russia

The literature on cultural consumption documents the displacement of highbrow snobbery by cultural omnivorism among high status groups. This article interrogates the status meanings of cultural omnivorism through a case study of reading in Russia. Post-socialist transformations have destabilized the status of social groups and the honorability of cultural practices. Survey analysis suggests that omnivorism has become the dominant taste pattern among the educated and the well-to-do. However, qualitative data reveal a discursive divide among educated omnivores who have become rich or poor since the collapse of the Soviet Union. When omnivores articulate their tastes, they invoke discourses of moral decline vs. moral defense of the new capitalist order to make conflicting claims about whether its beneficiaries are worthy of status honor.
Foot type symmetry and change of foot structures from sitting to standing conditions

Method Based on standing AHI, 68.1%, 24.5%, and 7.5% of the study subjects’ left foot was categorized into planus, neutral, and cavus foot types, respectively. An asymmetrical foot type was observed in 28.6% of subjects in sitting and 23.6% standing conditions. Foot length increased from sitting to standing conditions; this change was significantly greater in cavus and neutral foot type groups than the planus group. In contrast, arch height flexibility (AHF) was significantly greater in the planus group than both cavus and neutral foot type groups. Results Results of this study suggest the importance of controlling for weight bearing status when assessing foot structure or fitting footwear. Given that about a quarter of participants demonstrated an asymmetrical foot type, findings also suggest the importance of assessing both feet independently. Table 1.
Effect of Number of Readout Channels on the Intrinsic Spatial Resolution Performance of a Continuous Miniature Crystal Element (cMiCE) Detector

In this work we investigate how the intrinsic spatial resolution varies with the number of digitized readout channels for a 64 (88) channel detector using a statistics-based positioning algorithm. We report results for both 6 mm and 8 mm thick crystals. Three channel reduction schemes are explored. The simplest scheme is row and column summing (R-C sum) of the photomultiplier tube channels. The second method is to only use channels with signals above a 1% threshold of the total signal (1% thres). The third method is to acquire a subset of PMT channels determined by the maximum signal channel (zone mask). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) intrinsic spatial resolution results for the central and corner sections of the detector are presented for each of the methods. All methods except R-C sum performed well for the central section of the detector. The 1% thres and zone mask schemes showed significant improvement for the corner section of the 6 mm thick crystal. All methods using a single depth look-up table had difficulty in the corner region for the 8 mm thick crystal. We believe this is caused by depth dependent edge effects on the light response function. Initial results using a depth dependent look-up table show improved positioning performance.
Using virtual coverage to hit hard-to-reach events

Reaching hard-to-reach coverage events is a difficult task that requires both time and expertise. Data-driven Coverage Directed Generation (CDG) can assist in the task when the coverage events are part of a structured coverage model, but is a-priori less useful when the target events are singular and not part of a model. We present virtual coverage models as a mean for enabling data-driven CDG to reach singular events. A virtual coverage model is a structured coverage model (e.g., cross-product coverage) defined around the target event, such that the target event is a point in the structured model. With the structured coverage model around the target event, the CDG system can exploit the structure to learn how to reach the target event from covered points in the structured model. A case study of using CDG and virtual coverage to reach a hard-to-reach event in a multi-processor system demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method.
Prostaglandin E2 in tick saliva regulates macrophage cell migration and cytokine profile

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that suppress the host’s immune and inflammatory responses by secreting immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory molecules in their saliva. In previous studies we have shown that tick salivary gland extract (SGE) and saliva from Dermacentor variabilis have distinct effects on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated IC-21 macrophage and NIH3T3-L1 fibroblast migration. Since tick saliva contains a high concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent modulator of inflammation, we used a PGE2 receptor antagonist to evaluate the role of PGE2 in the different migratory responses induced by saliva and its impact on macrophage cytokine profile. Adult ticks were fed on female New Zealand white rabbits for 5-8 days. Female ticks were stimulated with dopamine/theophylline to induce salivation and saliva was pooled. Competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were used to measure saliva PGE2 content and the changes in macrophage intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The effects of tick saliva on macrophage and fibroblast migration were assessed in the absence and presence of the PGE2 receptor antagonist, AH 6809, using blind well chamber assays. A cytokine antibody array was used to examine the effects of tick saliva on macrophage cytokine secretion. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA; Student Newman-Kuels post-test was used for multiple comparisons. The saliva-induced increase in PDGF-stimulated macrophage migration was reversed by AH 6809. The inhibition of PDGF-stimulated fibroblast migration by saliva was also antagonist-sensitive. Tick saliva induced macrophages to secrete copious amounts of PGE2, and conditioned medium from these cells caused an AH 6809-sensitive inhibition of stimulated fibroblast migration, showing that macrophages can regulate fibroblast activity. We show that tick saliva decreased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines r egulated a nd n ormal T cell e xpressed and s ecreted (RANTES/CCL5), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and s oluble TNF r eceptor I (sTNFRI) through a PGE2-dependent mechanism mediated by cAMP. Saliva had similar effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages. Our data show that ticks utilize salivary PGE2 to subvert the ability of macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory mediators and recruit fibroblasts to the feeding lesion, therefore inhibiting wound healing.
The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century

In eighteenth-century London the gallows at Tyburn was the dramatic focus of a struggle between the rich and the poor. Most of the London hanged were executed for property crimes, and the chief lesson that the gallows had to teach was: 'Respect private property'. The executions took place amid a London populace that knew the same poverty and hunger as the condemned. Indeed, in this stimulating account Peter Linebaugh shows how there was little distinction between a 'criminal' population and the poor population of London as a whole. Necessity drove the city's poor into inevitable conflict with the laws of a privileged ruling class. Peter Linebaugh examines how the meaning of 'property' changed substantially during a century of unparalleled growth in trade and commerce, analyses the increasing attempts of the propertied classes to criminalize 'customary rights'--perquisites of employment that the labouring poor depended upon for survival--and suggests that property-owners, by their exploitation of the emergent working class, substantially determined the nature of crime, and that crime, in turn, shaped the development of the economic system. Peter Linebaugh's account not only pinpoints critical themes in the formation of the working class, but also presents the plight of the individuals who made up that class. Contemporary documents of the period are skilfully used to recreate the predicament of men and women who, in the pursuit of a bare subsistence, had good reason to fear the example of Tyburn's 'triple tree'.
Minimum hop multicasting in broadcast wireless networks with omni-directional antennas

We consider the problem of minimum-hop multicasting in wireless networks. We first present a mixed integer linear programming model of the problem, followed by a discussion of a (sub-optimal) sequential shortest path heuristic algorithm with "node unwrapping". This sequential algorithm is amenable to distributed implementation. The node unwrapping part of the algorithm is used to modify the weight matrix of the underlying graph after each iteration and exploits the inherently broadcast nature of wireless transmissions. Simulation results are presented which indicate that reasonably good solutions can be obtained using the proposed heuristic algorithm.
Mathematical Outcomes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

We assessed the academic performance and behavior of 121 nondisabled elementary boys and 107 boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ages 7.4 through 14.5 years. Students completed computer-generated tasks of reading, computation, and math problem solving, and we recorded two performance measures (accuracy and speed) and three behavioral measures (vocalizations, head movements, and bottom movements). Our purpose was to determine the effects of ADHD on conceptual and computational math. For greater precision than has been available in past math research, we held reading and problem structure constant, while recording speed of processing, number recognition, and motor response. Our analysis yielded significantly lower problem-solving scores in specific math concepts and slower computational performance for the boys with ADHD. These findings demonstrated the educational implications of attention deficit disorders for mathematical skill and the need for interventions that are geared more specifically to these deficits, and that also provide accommodations for reading complexity and length, visual-motor skill, feedback, and self-pacing.
BMP signaling and early embryonic patterning

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pleiotropic roles during embryonic development as well as throughout life. Recent genetic approaches especially using the mouse gene knockout system revealed that BMP signaling is greatly involved in early embryonic patterning, which is a dynamic event to establish three-dimensional polarities. The purpose of this review is to describe the diverse function of BMPs through different receptor signaling systems during embryonic patterning including gastrulation and establishment of the left-right asymmetry.
Optimizing age of cytomegalovirus screening and vaccination to avert congenital disease in the US

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading cause of congenital cognitive deficit, visual impairment and hearing loss in the US. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of CMV vaccine candidates in seronegative females. The optimal age of such vaccination depends on the interplay among age-specific transmission dynamics, vaccine efficacy and vaccine waning. We developed an age-structured model of CMV transmission dynamics in the US and estimated age-specific transmission rates of CMV based on age-stratified CMV prevalence, congenital infections per birth, breastfeeding patterns and demographic data. We found that the optimal age of vaccination depended on the duration of vaccine protection. For most scenarios, the optimal age of vaccination was between 19 and 21 years of age. However, for a rapidly waning vaccine, the optimal age of vaccination can shift to infants under 1 year. This shift arises when the duration of vaccine efficacy is too brief to offer appreciable protection during the child-bearing years. In this case, it becomes more effective to achieve indirect protection by reducing transmission from infants, the transmissibility from whom was estimated to be an order of magnitude higher than other age classes. Knowledge of vaccine waning is paramount to optimizing CMV vaccination and is thus a key parameter for longitudinal clinical evaluation.
19 Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: Technique

It’s now 19 years since the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (band) was first used to help morbidly obese patients. Much has changed in that time. The operation we do now for insertion of a band bears little resemblance to how it was done first by Belechev in 1994. The changes in technique evolved as we tried to reduce the rate of gastric prolapse, and reflux, after band insertion. Larger, softer, lower pressure bands are placed higher on the stomach, often with a concomitant crural or hiatal hernia repair. Bands are adjusted slowly, aiming to control hunger and increase satiety, rather than act purely as a restrictive tool. All bariatric operations have their strengths and weaknesses. The band’s strength is its safety, adjustability, and ease of removal. Its weakness is the need for reoperation. However, that problem is decreasing in frequency with the changes mentioned above. Band revision is safer than alternate procedures. A band can be safely revised, and the patient then continues their journey to control their weight. All the various procedures can and do fail and if a band fails, alternate procedures can be offered. LAGB is still a very effective weight loss tool and given the enormous surge in obesity, it will remain attractive to many patients who are nervous of more aggressive procedures and their complications. Adequate band adjustment in long-term follow-up is the cornerstone of success with a lap band. Proper surgical technique during band insertion is essential for long-term success with a band.
Predation on the Toxic Red-Spotted Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) by Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) and L. auritus (Redbreast Sunfish) within an Urban Watershed

Predation on Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Red-spotted Newt) is rare due to their toxic skin excretions, which provide chemical defense against potential predators. Here we document the occurrence of the Red-spotted Newt in the stomach contents of Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) and L. auritus (Redbreast Sunfish), common sunfishes within an urban watershed in Columbus, GA.
Modeling and Simulation on Information Spreading Based on Networks of Mobile phone

It is an advancing subject to research information communication by modeling and simulation and then to research the correlation of information propagation oriented at war gaming such as public opinion and rumor etc, which possesses important theoretical and practical values. The paper summarizes the current research and appliction state of modeling and simulation in the field of information spreading, points out the existing difficult problems in our study, and introduces the methods and key technology of modeling and simulation.
Income/Outcome Analysis Of Apparel Companies

Guiding a business entity through the waters of the ever-changing global economy requires paying attention to a wide range of activities and issues. Within the financial area alone, the large number of traditional financial ratios that need to be in balance present an impression of the multitude of indicators that must be considered simultaneously. The paper demonstrates the use of a management-training tool, the Game of Income/Outcome, to visually display the financial situation of different apparel companies. The game board is used to simultaneously show cash flow and profitability aspects, and the paper shows how this visual tool enhances financial ratio analysis. In the paper apparel companies are analyzed using traditional financial analysis and displaying the company situations on the game board. Apparel manufacturing and retailing companies are analyzed.
A Scalable Meta-Model for Big Data Security Analyses

This paper proposes a highly scalable framework that can be applied to detect network anomaly at per flow level by constructing a meta-model for a family of machine learning algorithms or statistical data models. The approach is scalable and attainable because raw data needs to be accessed only one time and it will be processed, computed and transformed into a meta-model matrix in a much smaller size that can be resident in the system RAM. The calculation of meta-model matrix can be achieved through disposable updating operations at per row level: once a per-flow information is proceeded, it is no longer needed in calculating the meta-model matrix. While the proposed framework covers both Gaussian and non-Gaussian data, the focus of this work is on the linear regression models. Specifically, a new concept called meta-model sufficient statistics is proposed to analyze a group of models, where exact, not the approximate, results are derived. In addition, the proposed framework can quickly discover an optimal statistical or computer model from a family of candidate models without the need of rescanning the raw dataset. This suggest an extremely efficient and effectively theory and method is possible for big data security analysis.
Business Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line: Considering the Interrelationships of People, Profit, and Planet

Many types of organizations, including government, nongovernmental, nonprofit, and for-profit businesses, must make sustainability decisions about the sometimes-conflicting priorities of care for the planet, various interests of stakeholder groups, and economic or money issues. Today business must consider the triple bottom line of profit, people, and planet, while navigating the differing priorities of their stakeholder groups. However, people, profit, and planet should not be considered separately, because they are interrelated, since a decision regarding one of them impacts the other two. The teaching activity described in this chapter introduces students to these complex interrelationships from the perspective of the for-profit business or commercial world. The goal of the activity described below is to introduce students to the triple bottom line through an analysis of how a product’s packaging change impacts the cost of the product, environmental issues related to the packaging, and therefore the business owner, customers, and communities. After completing this activity, students should be able to (1) define the three components of the triple bottom line and describe examples of each and (2) explain the relationships and trade-offs among people, profit, and planet in the design, manufacture, and use of a product, packaging, or service.
31P NMR Relaxation and Motions of Phosphate Groups in Layered Zirconium Phosphate Materials

There is little systematic understanding of the motions of phosphate groups in layered zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) materials applied in chemistry, industry, and nanomedicine for drug delivery. In this paper, we show how to quantitatively characterize correlation times of motions in the zirconium phosphate network on the basis of NMR 31P relaxation time measurements. By studies of α-ZrP phosphates and their intercalated and decorated derivatives, we have established that room-temperature 31P relaxation is governed by rotations of HPO4– groups with correlation times of (1.1–4.7) × 10–8 s restricted by H-bonding with water molecules in ordered and locally disordered areas. The disordered areas have been found by the 1H spin-lock proton–phosphorus cross-polarization 31P{1H} MAS NMR experiments.
Dominance relations, resource use, and pairing chronology of gadwalls in winter

Etude de la chronologie de la formation des couples et des parades d'agressivite chez Anas strepera ainsi que des associations spatiales entre A.s. et d'autres anatides dans les marais cotiers du sud-ouest de la Louisiane d'octobre 1977 a avril 1978. La chronologie de l'appariement est liee a la strategie d'approvisionnement
Simulation-based coefficients for adjusting climate impact on energy consumption of commercial buildings

This paper presents a new technique for and the results of normalizing building energy consumption to enable a fair comparison among various types of buildings located near different weather stations across the United States. The method was developed for the U.S. Building Energy Asset Score, a whole-building energy efficiency rating system focusing on building envelope, mechanical systems, and lighting systems. The Asset Score is based on simulated energy use under standard operating conditions. Existing weather normalization methods such as those based on heating and cooling degrees days are not robust enough to adjust all climatic factors such as humidity and solar radiation. In this work, over 1000 sets of climate coefficients were developed to separately adjust building heating, cooling, and fan energy use at each weather station in the United States. This paper also presents a robust, standardized weather station mapping based on climate similarity rather than choosing the closest weather station. This proposed simulated-based climate adjustment was validated through testing on several hundreds of thousands of modeled buildings. Results indicated the developed climate coefficients can adjust the climate variations to enable a fair comparison of building energy efficiency.
A Randomized Experiment Testing the Efficacy of a Scheduling Nudge in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

An increasing number of students are taking classes offered online through open-access platforms; however, the vast majority of students who start these classes do not finish. The incongruence of s...
Targeted Therapy of IDH1-Mutated Tumors

IDH1 and IDH2 are homodimeric enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as part of the TCA cycle. Mutations in the genes encoding IDH1 and IDH2 have recently been found in glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chondrosarcoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The mutant protein loses its normal enzymatic activity and gains a new ability to produce the ‘oncometabolite’ 2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). R-2-HG inhibits enzymes that play crucial roles in gene regulation and tissue homeostasis. Expression of mutant IDH impairs cellular differentiation in various cell lineages and promotes tumor development in cooperation with other cancer genes. First-generation inhibitors of mutant IDH have entered clinical trials and have shown encouraging results in patients with IDH-mutant AML. This chapter summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of mutant IDH in tumorigenesis.
Nieredukowalna złożoność: problem dla ewolucjonizmu darwinowskiego

In the paper author presents briefly the idea of intelligent design, with the special emphasis on his own concept of irreducible complexity of biochemical systems. He points out the misunderstandings and addresses various objections to his concept, especially regarding his examples of irreducible complexity such as bacterial flagellum, blood clotting cascade or mousetrap which is a mechanical counterpart of irreducibly complex biochemical systems. Author is pondering also over the future of intelligent design theory.
Chemical Alumina Preparation by Using High Alumina Content Fly Ash

Processes of chemical alumina preparation of high alumina content fly ash raw materials are put forward in order to solve the problems of bauxite resource shortage in China and high value application of fly ash. High white aluminum hydroxide and Pseudoboehmite can be obtained by sintering process with the precipitation and carbonate decomposition. 4A zeolite is prepared through the pre-roasting and synthesis process, and activated aluminium oxide is prepared through the acid leaching and pyrolysis method. Typical experiments for preparing different kind of chemical alumina products are presented as well. Whiteness, porosity, pore volume, crystalline and other key parameters of chemical alumina products determined by XRD and ASAP match the industry requirements well.
009 OP: THE ROLE OF THE BROKER IN MIXED-METHODS COLLABORATION: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND RISK PRACTICES AMONG PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS IN THE RURAL UNITED STATES

One of the most recent innovations in social epidemiology is the combination of epidemiological data collection with ethnographic fieldwork in order to produce algorithmic models that estimate rates of disease prevalence over time. This paper uses a case study about a multi-year study of social networks and risk among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a rural community in the US to document the challenges raised by this form of knowledge production. As the anthropologist in charge of overseeing data collection, I had a privileged position to reflect on the tensions inherent in mixed-methods collaboration in health research. The research design relied on a combination of respondent-driven sampling (N=315) of active injectors with the elaboration of “micro-ethnographic network essays” to map social networks and risk practices. One burden of such mixed-methods collaboration is that highly specialized disciplinary knowledge makes it extremely difficult for all parties to have more than a superficial understanding of each field, which can increase the potential for conflicts and misunderstandings. In addition, mixed-methods projects often have to address the inter-team tensions resulting from the higher prestige and rewards awarded to quantitative modes of reasoning. Based on this case study and following the literature on actor network theory, I argue that successful collaboration in such a multi-methods research depends on whether a team member can assume the role of a cultural broker, someone who is knowledgeable in the intricacies of both qualitative and quantitative methods, and thus able to act as a translator.
Working with Diverse Students with Special Needs in Border and Rural Areas

In working in border and rural areas it is crucial that we understand the issues and constructs that culturally and linguistically diverse students with special needs face.Â It is an acknowledging these constructs taht we can assist school personnel in increasing academic achivement and close the achivement gap.Â The following is a discussion on the issues to consider in working with this promising population.
Epilepsy and Seizures: OR and ICU Applications of EEG

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is useful for several types of monitoring in the operating room and in the intensive care unit. The EEG is the product of the electrical activity in synapses of the cortical pyramidal cells. As such, its measurement on the scalp, from electrodes applied directly on the surface of the brain, and stereotaxic depth electrodes allows insight into the synaptic activity. EEG may be recorded using a variety of montages and reported both as EEG waveforms, quantitative data, and by various processing methods. The unique ability to record epileptic seizure activity has led to several applications which will be reviewed here.
Impact of weight loss and exercise on VEGF levels in breast cancer survivors.

10103Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are associated with breast cancer recurrence and mortality. The mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Vascular Endothel...
Management of Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma with Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for chordoma and chondrosarcoma. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of chordoma (n=16) or chondrosarcoma (n=4) treated between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively identified. All patients underwent FSRT in 5 fractions to a median dose of 37.5 Gy (range: 25-40 Gy) and followed with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Overall survival (OS), local recurrence free survival (LRFS), and event free survival (EFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 28 months after FSRT and 40 months after initial surgery, crude OS and LRFS were 90%. Nine patients (45%) reported grade 1-3 acute toxicity, and two patients (10%) experienced grade 4-5 late toxicity. One patient previously treated with proton therapy died from radiation vasculopathy nine months after FSRT. The use of FSRT for recurrent disease or in patients with prior radiation therapy was associated with significantly decreased EFS. CONCLUSIONS: FSRT for chordoma and chondrosarcoma is associated with high rates of overall survival and local control. Although many patients experience acute toxicity, there is a low incidence of late toxicity or irreversible treatment related morbidity despite the frequency of prior radiotherapy in this population. FSRT is an effective adjuvant or salvage treatment for chordoma and chondrosarcoma.
Spectral compression of ultrafast laser pulses using transiently aligned molecules

Ultrafast transients in the index of refraction produced by coherently rotating molecules can be used to compress the spectrum of ultrafast pulses. We apply spectral compression to tunable temporal duration transform-limited pulse generation.
Sodium channel subtypes are differentially localized to pre- and post-synaptic sites in rat hippocampus

Voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav ) modulate neuronal excitability, but the roles of the various Nav subtypes in specific neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission are unclear. We investigated expression of the three major brain Nav subtypes (Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, Nav 1.6) in area CA1 and dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus. Using light and electron microscopy, we found labeling for all three Nav subtypes on dendrites, dendritic spines, and axon terminals, but the proportion of pre- and post-synaptic labeling for each subtype varied within and between subregions of CA1 and dentate gyrus. In the central hilus (CH) of the dentate gyrus, Nav 1.1 immunoreactivity was selectively expressed in presynaptic profiles, while Nav 1.2 and Nav 1.6 were expressed both pre- and post-synaptically. In contrast, in the stratum radiatum (SR) of CA1, Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, and Nav 1.6 were selectively expressed in postsynaptic profiles. We next compared differences in Nav subtype expression between CH and SR axon terminals and between CH and SR dendrites and spines. Nav 1.1 and Nav 1.2 immunoreactivity was preferentially localized to CH axon terminals compared to SR, and in SR dendrites and spines compared to CH. No differences in Nav 1.6 immunoreactivity were found between axon terminals of CH and SR or between dendrites and spines of CH and SR. All Nav subtypes in both CH and SR were preferentially associated with asymmetric synapses rather than symmetric synapses. These findings indicate selective presynaptic and postsynaptic Nav expression in glutamatergic synapses of CH and SR supporting neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity.
Efficient and Accurate Detection of Topologically Associating Domains from Contact Maps

Continuous improvements to high-throughput conformation capture (Hi-C) are revealing richerinformation about the spatial organization of the chromatin and its role in cellular functions.Several studies have confirmed the existence of structural features of the genome 3D organiza-tion that are stable across cell types and conserved across species, calledtopological associatingdomains(TADs). The detection of TADs has become a critical step in the analysis of Hi-C data,e.g., to identify enhancer-promoter associations. Here we presentEast, a novel TAD identifi-cation algorithm based on fast 2D convolution of Haar-like features, that is as accurate as thestate-of-the-art method based on the directionality index, but 75-80x faster.Eastis availablein the public domain at https://github.com/ucrbioinfo/EAST.
College Connectedness: The Student Perspective.

Connectedness and integration are essential elements of student satisfaction, academic success, and retention. Despite its importance in the lives of college students, research on connectedness has approached the concept from definitional perspectives other than those of students. This multi-study explores connectedness from the student perspective while drawing from social identity theory and student involvement theory. In Study 1, students described their experiences and perceptions of connectedness in focus groups. Study 2 built on the qualitative findings of Study 1 and empirically tested connectedness as defined by the students. Results of the study indicate the need for a student definition of connectedness and provide practical suggestions for those in higher education.Keywords: connectedness, social identity theory, student involvement theory, instrument design, higher education
Spatial structure in prey populations

Chapter 7 dealt in part with a class of predator-prey systems in which spatial structure provided a degree of stability, as a consequence of relatively limited movements by a voracious predator. The dispersal of prey from untouched populations to empty habitats counteracted the unhesitating devastation by a predator of its local prey base. But this result must apply only to those spatially-structured systems in which the dispersal abilities of the protagonist species are delicately balanced. Too mobile a predator and the prey lose their necessary sanctuaries; too mobile a prey and the spatial structure evaporates as the predator loses any reason for abandoning an area.
Recursively cautious congestion control

TCP's congestion control is deliberately cautious, avoiding network overloads by starting with a small initial window and then iteratively ramping up. As a result, it often takes flows several round-trip times to fully utilize the available bandwidth. In this paper we propose RC3, a technique to quickly take advantage of available capacity from the very first RTT. RC3 uses several levels of lower priority service and a modified TCP behavior to achieve near-optimal throughputs while preserving TCP-friendliness and fairness. We implement RC3 in the Linux kernel and in NS-3. In common wide-area scenarios, RC3 results in over 40% reduction in average flow completion times, with strongest improvements - more than 70% reduction in flow completion time - seen in medium to large sized (100KB - 3MB) flows.