cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residual Limb Revision Surgery Alters Velocity-Curvature Coupling During Stepping and Turning of a Transfemoral Amputee

Two-Thirds Power Law is a frequently observed relationship in human movement, relating velocity and curvature of movement trajectory. These movements span handwriting, larvae crawling, and human-robot interaction. Despite vast acceptance as a common principle of biology, it is unknown if the power law applies to interaction between amputees and prostheses, and if interventions to augment the physical connection between amputees and prostheses influence this speed-curvature coupling during demanding forms of human locomotion. The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals with transfemoral amputation exhibit a biologically-appropriate power law relationship during non-steady-state locomotion, and if a surgical intervention to reduce residual limb soft tissue would influence the observed coupling. We hypothesized that a power regression would well characterize amputee locomotion, and that limb revision surgery would result in a non-linear power coupling close to one-third and overall increased speed (i.e., higher linear coupling) in each non-steady-state movement. The subject performed repeated trials of left and right 90° turns during walking, as well as Foursquare Step Test (FSST), while whole-body kinematics were captured. After fitting center-of-mass velocity and curvature to the power law, the power coupling in FSST was similar to the Two-Thirds Power Law, while turning was not. Finally, the intervention was shown to increase linear coupling suggesting an overall improvement in movement tempo characterized by modest changes in velocity, enabling tasks to be achieved more quickly.
Validity of maternal recall of gestational age and weight at birth: Comparison of structured interview and medical records.

PURPOSE To assess agreement between maternal recall and medical records for gestational age (GA) at birth as derived from dating information and birthweight. METHODS In the case-control Slone Birth Defects Study, within 6 months of delivery, trained nurses conducted standardized telephone interviews with mothers of infants with and without major structural malformations. In a subset of approximately 5000 case and control mothers from five US centers (2008-2012), a research nurse abstracted subjects' medical records. GA at delivery was calculated as date of delivery minus (estimated date of confinement [EDC] minus 280); if EDC was unknown, last menstrual period served as a proxy for start of pregnancy. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) were calculated, using medical records as the standard, for categories of GA at delivery (ie, early preterm 4500 g). RESULTS The gestational age and birthweight validation samples comprised 3122 and 4760 women, respectively, with diverse characteristics. The PPV and NPV were high (>92% and >99%, respectively) for all categories of delivery GA and birthweight. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that mothers' recall may be a valid alternative to medical records to estimate delivery GA and birthweight. This study used standardized interviews conducted by trained research nurses, had a short recall period (<6 months post delivery), and for delivery GA, focused on date-derived GA. Further research is needed on the potential impact of study design, population characteristics, and comparison to other data sources.
Feeding modality is a barrier to adequate protein provision in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Critically ill children have a high prevalence of malnutrition. Children with acute kidney injury experience high rates of protein debt. Previous research has indicated that protein provision is positively associated with survival. This was a prospective observational study of all patients receiving CRRT for greater than 48 h at our tertiary care institution. Patients with inborn errors of metabolism were excluded. Data collection included energy, protein, and fluid volume intakes, anthropometrics, feeding modality, and route of nutrition intake. Forty-one patients 9 ± 6.8 years of age, 66% male, received CRRT over a 10-month time period. CRRT treatment was 17.3 ± 25 days. Forty-one percent were malnourished via anthropometric criteria at CRRT start. Median protein delivery was 2 g/kg/day (IQR 1.4–2.5). Fifty-one percent received a combination of parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral/oral feedings (EN), 34% received only PN, and 12% received only EN. Percentage of time meeting protein goals by modality was 27.6%, 34.6%, and 65.3% for those patients receiving solely EN, PN, and EN + PN combination, respectively. When weaned to only EN support from combination PN + EN, the average percentage of time protein goals were met decreased to 20.5% (p < 0.01). Without PN, patients on enteral/oral nutrition support fail to meet appropriate protein prescription. Transition of parenteral to enteral feeds was identified as a period of nutritional risk in children receiving CRRT.
Encoding of reinforcement along the hippocampal long axis and the transition from exploration to exploitation

Hippocampal maps incorporate reward information, yet the functional contributions of the anterior and posterior hippocampal divisions (AH and PH) to reinforcement learning remain unclear. Here, we examined exploration and exploitation of a continuous unidimensional task with a basis function reinforcement learning model. In model-based fMRI analyses, we found doubly dissociated representations along the hippocampal long axis: state-wise reward prediction error signals in the PH (tail) and global value maximum signals in the AH (anterior body). PH prediction error signals predicted exploration whereas AH global value maximum signals predicted exploitation. AH-mediated exploitation depended on value representations compressed across episodes and options. PH responses to reinforcement were early and phasic while AH responses were delayed and evolved throughout learning. During choice, AH (head) displayed goal cell-like responses to the global value maximum. In summary, granular reinforcement representations in PH facilitate exploration and compressed representations of the value maximum in AH facilitate exploitation.
Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf Oil Spill: Lessons learned about short‐term and long‐term effects

The impact and lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf Oil Spill are described as an example of work done reflecting best practices and theory to gain a better understanding of risk and resilience for children and families. Hurricane Katrina, described as the worst natural disaster in the US history, resulted in traumatic separations of children and families and devastation of communities and schools. The impact was greater on families with fewer resources before the hurricane who were provided limited support to return and rebuild. Insufficient community support and economic resources contributed to prolonged traumatiaation and slow recovery. Many were still recovering from Hurricane Katrina when impacted by the Gulf Oil Spill. For families with multigenerational ties to the fishing and oil industries, the Gulf Oil Spill resulted in both cumulative trauma and increased risk. In implementing the behavioural health response, much was learned about promotive and protective factors for individual and community resilience. Services provided following the disasters were based on precepts of individual, family, and community resilience. To enhance recovery and support resilience, the development of regional coalitions across at risk areas provides important coordination before disasters occur for better preparation and response.
The Million Dollar Diversity Docket

What would happen if Congress raised the jurisdictional amount in the diversity jurisdiction statute? Given that it has been almost 25 years since the last increase, we are probably overdue for another one. But to what amount? And with what effect? What would happen if Congress raised the jurisdictional amount from the current $75,000 to $250,000 or, say, $1 million? Using a novel hand-coded data set of pleadings in 2900 cases, we show that the jurisdictional amount is not a neutral throttle. Instead, different areas of law, different parts of the country, and different litigants are more affected by changes in the jurisdictional amount than others. Our findings thus provide new guidance for Congress to consider when evaluating proposed changes to the amount threshold. We build from our data to explore different ways Congress could use the amount in controversy lever to adjust the diversity docket, ranging from traditional techniques like incremental inflation-adjustments to radical experiments with lotteries or replacing the amount in controversy minimum with a maximum. Our analysis of the options highlights the normative choices Congress makes when deciding which cases to bless and curse with a federal forum. Thus, our study also provides a new window into the longstanding debates about the existence and reach of diversity jurisdiction. We hope our empirical work will inform these debates and enable a new wave of scholarship on the basic functions and functioning of the federal diversity docket.
Generalizing a model for animating adverbs of manner in American Sign Language

This work aims to show that a model produced to generate adverbs of manner can be generalized and applied to a variety of neutral animated signs for avatar sign language synthesis. This paper presents the generalization of a new approach that was first presented at SLTAT 2019 in Hamburg for modeling language processes that manifest themselves as modifications to the visual-manual channel. This work discusses extensions for generalizability to the model to be effective for a broader range of signs including one-handed and two-handed signs, repeating and non-repeating signs, signs with contact, and additional rotational adjustments to the wrists. This paper also includes interim results from an ongoing user study.
Improving customer responsiveness at assembly test operations with the application of manufacturing science

Through a disciplined approach of building awareness for the importance of cycle time improvement, providing the organization with knowledge on how to improve factory performance and then taking action on that knowledge, Intel's Assembly Test Manufacturing (ATM) division reduced cycle time by 35–70% in less than 1 year for key products. This paper will share how ATM made these incredible improvements in such a short time period by introducing manufacturing science and Factory Physics® concepts and rigorously applying them throughout the 9 factory network. The results demonstrate the significant progress ATM has made in improving the effectiveness of our manufacturing by using Factory Physics® (FP) concepts rather then relying on intuition.
"One-thousand one . . . one-thousand two ... ": Chronometric counting violates the scalar property in interval timing

Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Weber’s law applied to interval timing is called thescalar property. A hallmark of timing in the secondsto-minutes range, the scalar property is characterized by proportionality between the standard deviation of a response distribution and the duration being timed. In this temporal reproduction study, we assessed whether the scalar property was upheld when participants chronometrically counted three visually presented durations (8, 16, and 24 sec) as compared with explicitly timing durations without counting. Accuracy for timing and accuracy for counting were similar. However, whereas timing variability showed the scalar property, counting variability did not. Counting variability across intervals was accurately modeled by summing a random variable representing an individual count. A second experiment replicated the first and demonstrated that task differences were not due to presentation order or practice effects. The distinct psychophysical properties of counting and timing behaviors argue for greater attention to participant strategies in timing studies.
Identification of 3‐Nitrotyosine‐Modified Brain Proteins by Redox Proteomics

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis allows separation of complex mixtures of proteins based on isoelectric points and relative mobility. This method has not changed much fundamentally since their original description in the late 1970s. Despite several limitations, such as solubilization of membrane proteins and separation of highly basic proteins, this method has been used successfully in many laboratories as part of proteomics protocols. Our laboratory coupled 2D‐PAGE with 2D Western blot analysis to identify brain proteins modified oxidatively with excess carbonylation, bound 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, or 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) in various diseases and animal models of these disorders. This chapter describes in detail the protocol used for the identification of 3‐NT‐modified proteins in biological samples that may help in delineating the role of protein nitration in the progression or pathogenesis of various diseases.
Singularity Analysis and the Painlevé Property of Dynamical Systems

Studies on analytical structure of ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) have shown that there are certain connections between the global real-time motion of a dynamical system and the local structure of singularities of this system extended into the complex-time domain. The precise nature of these connections, however, remains unclear yet. Chaotic motion is described by functions having complicated singularity structure in the complex t-plane. On the other hand, regular motion is usually described by functions which are analytic everywhere, except perhaps for some poles in the complex t-plane. Based on these observations, Ablowitz et al. (J. Math. Phys. 27, 1980a, 1980b) proposed a valuable tool for the identification of integrable systems. They conjectured and subsequently verified by integration via inverse-scattering methods (see Sect. 7.7) that a dynamical system described by an ODE is integrable whenever the solutions have the Painleve property, namely, that their only movable singularites (see Sect. 8.1) are poles, and therefore, they live on a single Riemann sheet. In practice, this property can be exhibited by demonstrating that the solution can be expanded in “formal” Laurent series (“formal” since the convergence of the series is not obvious) near every one of its movable singularities. It is now believed that the Painleve property is a sufficient condition so that some equations violating this property may still be integrable. Therefore, a reliable route to test for integrability appears to be the dual approach—singularity analysis and direct search for integrals of the dynamics for each case of predicted integrability.
Area-efficient parallel decoder architecture for high rate QC-LDPC codes

In this paper, an area efficient partially parallel decoder architecture suited for (modified) min-sum decoding algorithm for general high rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes is proposed. To reduce the hardware complexity for parallel processing, an efficient data scheduling unit is presented. The optimized partially parallel decoder architecture can linearly increase the decoding throughput with small hardware overhead. Typically, over 30% of memory can be saved with the architecture presented in this paper. Consequently, the proposed approach facilitates the applications of LDPC codes in area/power sensitive high speed communication systems.
Fatal Hepatic Sarcocystosis in an American Black Bear

1. Barr BC, Conrad PA, Dubey JP, Anderson ML: 1991, Neosporu-like encephalomyelitis in a calf: pathology, ultrastructure, and immunoreactivity. J Vet Diagn Invest 3:39-46. 2. Dubey JP: 1986, A review oftoxoplasmosis in cats. Feline Pract 16:12-26, 44-45. 3. Dubey JP, Beattie CP: 1988, Toxoplasmosis of animals and man. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 4, Dubey JP, Ott-Joslin J, Torgerson RW, et al.: 1988, Toxoplasmosis in black-faced kangaroos (Macrous filiginosus mehops). Vet Parasitol 30:97-105. 5. Dubey JP, Peters D, Brown C: 1972, An unidentified Tuxoplasma-like tissue cyst-forming coccidium in a cat (Felis catus). Parasitol Res 78:39-42. 6. Ferguson DJP, Hutchison WM: 1987, An ultrastructural study of the early development and tissue cyst formation of Toxoplasma gondii in the brains of mice. Parasitol Res 73:483-491. 7. Ferguson DJP, Hutchison WM, Pettersen E: 1989, Tissue cyst rupture in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. Parasitol Res 75:599-603. 8. Frenkel JK, Escajadillo A: 1987, Cyst rupture as a pathogenic mechanism of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Am J Trop Med 36: 517-552. 9. Heidel JR, Dubey JP, Blythe LL, et al.: 1990, Myelitis in a cat infected with Toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:316-318. 10. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP: 1989, Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Neospora caninum in tissue sections. Am J Vet Res 50: 198l1983. 11. Melhom H, Frenkel JK: 1980, Ultrastructural comparison of cysts and zoites of Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis muris, and Hammondia hammondi in skeletal muscle of mice. J Parasitol 66:59-67. 12. Pavesio CEN, Chiappino ML, Setzer PY, Nichols BA: 1992, Toxoplasma gondii: differentiation and death of bradyzoites. Parasitol Res 78:1-9. 13. Schohyseck E, Mehlhom H, Muller BEG: 1974, Feinstructur der Cyste und Cystenwand von Sarcocystis tenella, Besnoitia jellisoni, Fenkelia sp. und Toxoplasma gondii. J Protozool 21: 284-294.
Identification of a functional determinant of differentiation-dependent expression in the involucrin gene.

Involucrin is an integral component of the cornified envelope which is a characteristic feature of the differentiated keratinocyte. Involucrin expression is tightly linked to the onset of differentiation and first expressed in the immediate suprabasal layers of the epidermis. We have identified a transcriptional response element within the distal 5′-flanking region of the involucrin gene which contributes to differentiation-dependent expression. Deletion of this site impairs differentiation-dependent promoter activity in transient transfection analysis, and conversely, this region imparts differentiation-dependent expression to a heterologous promoter. The identified site bears sequence similarity to several AP2-like response elements identified in keratinocyte-specific genes and binds a protein complex (keratinocyte differentiation factor, KDF-1) which is distinct from AP2 by several criteria. The migration of KDF-1 is distinct from AP2 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, KDF-1 is antigenically unrelated to AP2 since AP2 specific antibodies do not supershift the KDF-1-DNA complex and KDF-1 is poorly competed by oligonucleotides representing consensus AP2 recognition sequences. In addition, the KDF-1 complex is not detected in nuclear extracts derived from human dermal fibroblasts or an enriched population of basal keratinocytes. These findings provide insights to the underlying basis of differentiation-dependent expression of a keratinocyte specific gene.
Correlated and coupled cognitive change in older adults with and without preclinical dementia.

Common factor aging theories state that correlations among cognitive age effects signify a single underlying causal process. The logic underlying this proposition was evaluated by examining correlated cognitive change in a sample of 391 initially nondemented older adults who were tested annually for up to 16 years. Between-person correlations among rates of change (range = .56-.61) were partly attributable to model misspecification and the aggregation of heterogeneous groups of individuals. Correlated within-person cognitive change was much stronger in the cases (.45-.51) than in the noncases (.07-.18). These results demonstrate that correlated change may either signify causal commonality or the cumulative effects of multiple age-related conditions that can affect multiple cognitive systems.
Development of a global positioning system-based vehicle tracking system for the minnesota road research facility

One of the more important tasks in operating a pavement research test track is tracking the location of individual vehicles during load response testing. The location of a vehicle's tires profoundly affects values obtained from embedded pavement load response sensors. To improve the efficiency of load response testing both in the field and during analysis, a Global Positioning System-based vehicle tracking system (VTS) was developed and tested at the Minnesota Road Research Facility (MnROAD). The VTS demonstrated its capability of tracking vehicle motion with an accuracy of ±1 in. (2.5 cm) at speeds up to 45 mph (70 km/h). These results matched or exceeded the accuracy obtained with a high-definition video camera previously used for tracking vehicle position at MnROAD. Additional field trials were conducted in greater Minnesota to determine the operational area of the VTS. Overall, the VTS received real-time kinematic signal correction in nearly 80% of the tested areas. The capabilities of the VTS spawned...
Ligand-Modified Colloid Enhanced Ultrafiltration. Use of Nitrilotriacetic Acid Derivatives for the Selective Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution

In ligand-modified, colloid-enhanced ultrafiltration (LM-CEUF), a ligand that selectively complexes target ions (e.g., lead) also associates with a water-soluble colloid, such as a surfactant micelle or polyelectrolyte. The colloid, associated ligand, and target ion are then concentrated using ultrafiltration, producing a filtrate with a low concentration of the target ion. Dialysis, ultrafiltration, and potentiometric titration experiments have been used to investigate the effectiveness of four nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) derivatives in the removal of lead from aqueous solution through LM-CEUF. The ligands are 2-phenyl nitrilotriacetic acid (PNTA), 2-[N, N-di-(carboxymethyl)]amino-octanoic acid (HNTA), 2-[N,N-di-(carboxymethyl)]amino-dodecanoic acid (DNTA), and 2-[N,N-di-(carboxymethyl)]amino-3-sulfopropionic acid (SNTA). The colloids used were the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium nitrate (CPNO3). In equilibrium dialysis...
ADVANCEMENTS IN EPDM SPONGE COMPOUND PROCESSING USING EPDM BIMODAL POLYMERS

Abstract Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) elastomers are the primary polymer choice for automotive weatherseal applications due to their outstanding weathering and heat resistance properties. Automotive sealing systems are complex in design; in particular, door seals are one of the most complex components of the sealing system, generally consisting of a low-density sponge profile co-extruded onto a dense metal carrier, as attachment to the car body. Door (or weather) seals contribute to the comfort inside the car by providing insulation from water, vibration, and aerodynamic noises. The geometry of the sponge profile has become increasingly complex over the years to improve overall sealing performance. It controls the door closing force, assessed by load deflection measurements, and the long-term sealing performance, assessed through up to 1000 hours of compression set testing. In the last decade, the use of bimodal EPDM grades for the production of sponge profiles has grown significantly and contributed t...
Community structure and bottom-up regulation of heterotrophic microplankton in arctic LTER lakes

Microplankton community structures and abundance was assessed in lakes at the Toolik Lake LTER site in northern Alaska during the summers of 1989 and 1990. The microplankton community included oligotrich ciliates, but rotifers and zooplankton nauplii comprised greater than 90% of total estimated heterotrophic microplankton biomass. Dominant rotifer taxa included Keratella cochlearis, Kellicottia longispina, Polyarthra vulgaris, Conochilus unicornis and a Synchaeta sp. Microplankton biomass was lowest in highly oligotrophic Toolik Lake (< 5 µgCl−1 at the surface) and highest (up to 55 µCl−1) in the most eutrophic lakes, experimentally fertilized lakes, and fertilized limnocorrals, consistent with bottom-up regulation of microplankton abundance.
Normal Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Length Does Not Impact Outcome After Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

Intuitively, a manometrically normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) will promote dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. This study was undertaken to compare outcomes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for patients who had normal and manometrically inadequate LES preoperatively. Before fundoplication, the length and resting pressures of LES were determined manometrically in 59 patients with documented gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Twenty-nine patients had a manometrically normal LES, with resting pressures >10 mm Hg and length >2 cm. Thirty patients had resting pressures of ≤10 mm Hg and length of ≤2 cm. Before and after fundoplication, patients graded the frequency and severity of symptoms of GERD utilizing a Likert scale (0 = never/not bothersome to 10 = always/very bothersome). DeMeester scores and symptom scores before and after fundoplication were compared. Before fundoplication, the manometric character of the LES did not impact the elevation of DeMeester scores or the frequency/severity of reflux symptoms. All symptoms improved significantly with fundoplication independent of LES pressure/length. Prefundoplication, manometric character of the LES did not impact the frequency or severity of reflux symptoms after fundoplication. Preoperative manometric character of the LES does not impact the presentation of GERD or the outcome after fundoplication. Symptoms globally and significantly improve after fundoplication, independent of manometric LES character. Normal LES manometry does not impact outcome and, specifically, does not promote dysphagia, after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.
A pheromone associated with social dominance among male rats

Forty male rats, living in 10 groups (N = 4 per group), with stable dominance hierarchies preferred the odor from submissive strange males over that from dominant strange males (p <.05). The response to the two odors was not significantly related to Ss’ rank in their hierarchy. Fourteen males from four unstable hierarchies (N = 3–4 per group) preferred neither odor. The data suggest the existence of a releaser pheromone associated with social dominance in rats.
Optical measurement of spin-lattice relaxation of dilute nuclei: La F 3 : Pr 3 +

We describe a method of measuring spin-lattice relaxation rates of dilute nuclei using optical hole burning. This was applied to $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ nuclei doped into La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ at low concentrations (0.01 to 2.0 at.%). The observed relaxation rates varied by about two orders of magnitude between 2 and 4.5 K. At the lowest concentrations the data are interpreted in terms of two mechanisms: resonant two-phonon (Orbach) relaxation with a ${57\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ activation, and praseodymiumlanthanum cross relaxation. At higher concentrations an additional hole-filling process was observed and attributed to homonuclear Pr-Pr dipolar coupling. Theoretical estimates of the phonon-induced relaxation rates are given and agree approximately with experimental values.
Biogeography and phylogenomics of New World Bambusoideae (Poaceae), revisited

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY New World Bambusoideae have only recently been studied in a phylogenomic context. Plastome sequences were determined and analyzed from Arundinaria appalachiana, A. tecta, and Olyra latifolia, to refine our knowledge of their evolution and historical biogeography. A correction is noted regarding an error in an earlier report on the biogeography of Cryptochloa• METHODS Single-end DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on the Illumina platform. Complete plastomes were assembled and analyzed with 13 other Poaceae.• KEY RESULTS Complete sampling in Arundinaria and an additional species of Olyreae gave a more detailed picture of their evolution/historical biogeography. Phylogenomic analyses indicated that the first major divergence in Arundinaria occurred around 2.3 to 3.2 mya and that Arundinaria tecta and A appalachiana diverged from their common ancestor around 0.57 to 0.82 mya. Estimates of the divergence of Olyra latifolia from Cryptochloa strictiflora ranged from 14.6 to 20.7 mya. The age of the stem node of Olyreae ranged from an estimated 26.9 to 38.2 mya.• CONCLUSIONS Estimates of divergences in Arundinaria can be correlated with paleoclimatic events including an early Pliocene warming, subsequent cooling, and North American glaciations. Discriminating between alternate evolutionary/biogeographic scenarios in Olyreae is challenging.
Caring in Context: Four Feminist Theories on Gender and Education

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to put the problematic claims made for educational caring in context by indicating how three competing feminist analyses have addressed the question of gender inequity. Neither from the liberal perspective offered by socialization theory nor from the leftist perspectives offered by structural and deconstructive analyses can caring be considered an adequate solution to educational inequity. Indeed, because “caring” as theorized in gender difference theory turns upon specifically Western, white, middle-class, and heterosexual assumptions about gender and femininity, it risks contributing to patterns of educational exclusion. To understand both the promise and the limitations of gender difference theory, it is necessary to evaluate that theory in the context of other influential educational feminist theories.
Symmetry and the scattered-wave model

Abstract The secular equation of the scattered-wave model for molecules is derived in symmetrized form.
INHIBITION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN BUFFER, CULTURE MEDIA AND FOODS BY LACIDIN A, A BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS OSU133

Thirty seven strains of lactobacilli and leuconostocs were screened for bacteriocin production. A bacteriocin-like substance (designated lacidin A) was detected in culture filtrate of Lactobacillus acidophilus OSU133. Lacidin A inhibited Enterococcus faecalis, L. acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteriocinogenic nature of lacidin A was confirmed by eliminating the inhibitory effects of acid, hydrogen peroxide and phage and by loss of activity upon hydrolysis with proteolytic enzymes. The bacteriocin is relatively heat-stable and has considerable bactericidal action against S. aureus in phosphate buffer. Lacidin A also demonstrated bacteriostatic action against S. aureus in brain heart infusion and heat-treated milk and liquid whole egg.
Dialkyl Chloronium Ions

The carborane acid H(CHB(11)Cl(11)) reacts with chloroalkanes RCl to give isolable dialkylchloronium ion salts, [R(2)Cl][CHB(11)Cl(11)], that are stable at room temperature. X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for R = CH(3) and CH(2)CH(3), revealing bent cation structures with C-Cl-C angles of 101.5 and 105.8 degrees , respectively. The dimethylchloronium ion salt loses CH(3)Cl upon heating and forms sublimable CH(3)(CHB(11)Cl(11)), providing a clean synthetic route to an extremely potent electrophilic methylating agent. IR spectra of all species have been interpreted, including the C-Cl stretch in CH(3)-ClCHB(11)Cl(10).
Identification of type 1 and type 2 light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins using monospecific antibodies

The amino acid sequences of more than 40 apoproteins of the light-harvesting complex associated with Photosystem II (LHC II) of various plants have been deduced by sequencing their corresponding genes. These highly conserved sequences fall into two major categories, type 1 and type 2, that differ mainly in a small number of domains close to the N-terminus. We have made polyclonal, monospecific antibodies against synthetic peptides corresponding to the most unique sequence domains of the N-terminal regions of type 1 and type 2 LHC II apoproteins, using sequences derived from petunia genes. On Western blots our anti-type 1 and 2 antibodies crossreact with light-harvesting proteins of petunia, tomato, spinach and several other plants. By using a new gel-system based on ammediol (2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol), we are able to resolve up to eight LHC II apoproteins. On petunia, tomato and spinach blots the anti type 1 antibodies bind to two or more of the higher molecular weight LHC II polypeptides, whereas the anti type 2 antibodies recognize very specifically only one or two of the lower molecular weight LHC-proteins. In all plants studied, the type 1 LHC II apoproteins are more numerous and span a greater size range than the type 2 apoproteins. This is consistent with the smaller number of type 2 LHC II CAB genes that have been discovered to date.
The Centrality of Practice to Evaluation

There is a strong tendency for evidence-based approaches to social practices to view these practices as imperfect devices for delivering social services. Practices are regarded as in need of repair by evaluation (and research) that can deliver the necessary science-based solution to the problems of practice. This article presents a different view of practices as material and linguistic events in which activities and relationships are constituted and unfold in interaction and in which people change and develop, and it argues for restoring this view of practice to evaluation. The article discusses two different ways in which notions of evidence based, practice, and evaluation are related and suggests what a genuinely practice-oriented approach to evaluation entails.
Divisionalization and franchising incentives with integral competing units

Abstract Existing game-theoretic models of divisionalization and franchising treat each firm's number of competing units as a continuous variable. We account for the integer constraint on divisions, and show that the continuous case reasonably approximates the equilibria of the discrete game.
On the third forbidden β-decay of 87Rb

Abstract It is shown that the shape of the third forbidden β-decay of 87Rb may be satisfactorily explained by the single-particle shell model and the conserved vector current theory of weak interactions.
Efficacy Information in Media Coverage of Infectious Disease Risks An Ill Predicament

Communication scholars have argued that print media ineffectively communicate efficacy information about zoonotic infectious diseases. In this study, the authors analyze U.S. newspaper coverage of ...
Charge Transport in Copper Phthalocyanine Single Crystals

The conductivity and Hall mobility in single crystals of the organic semiconductor, copper phthalocyanine, were investigated over the temperature range 300-425\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, using a new differential electrometer scheme. A two-carrier Hall mobility of the order of - 75 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V-sec was found at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K which decreased with increasing temperature. Conductivity studies as a function of various gaseous ambients indicated that oxygen was an electrically active impurity. It was impossible to determine whether it gave rise to a donor level 0.4 eV above the valence band or an acceptor level 1.6 eV above the valence band. In one sample the Hall mobility changed sign from negative to positive for temperatures above 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This was approximately the same temperature at which the activation energy for conductivity changed from 1.6 to 2 eV. From these data assuming a donor model for the oxygen impurity the ratio of electron to hole mobility was found to be 0.67 at 373\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Assuming that the temperature dependences of the hole and electron mobility were the same, and that the effective densities of states for electrons and holes were equal, the individual hole and electron mobilities were calculated as a function of temperature. The applicability of a band model to this material was suggested by the fact that the carrier mobility decreased with increasing temperature. The greater mobility of carriers in copper phthalocyanine crystals as compared to the 0.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V-sec mobility in metalfree phthalocyanine crystals can be attributed to the mixing of the copper $3d$ orbital with the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ orbital system of the phthalocynine molecule. The copper $3d$ orbital also provides an out-of-plane interaction with an antibonding orbital of a nitrogen atom in molecules above and below it. Since this interaction takes place at a distance of nearest approach of adjacent molecules, charge transport is facilitated.
Chromosome abnormalities in ovarian adenocarcinoma: II. prognostic impact of nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in 244 cases

In a large series of ovarian carcinomas from 244 patients, 134 cases had chromosome rearrangements. We showed before that the pattern of chromosome breakpoints involved 21 separate chromosome regions nonrandomly and, in 90% of cases with breaks, the breakpoints occurred within 13 commonly involved regions. Log-rank and proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the aggregate presence of a chromosome breakpoint in any of 21 nonrandomly involved regions and breaks in 9 distinct regions (1p1, 1q2, 1p3, 3p1, 6p2, 11p1, 11q1, 12q2, and 13p1) were associated with reduced patient survival. Breakpoints in other areas of the genome, including other nonrandomly involved regions, were not associated with decreased survival. Because many cases had breakpoints in more than one nonrandomly involved region, proportional hazards regression was also used to analyze for effects of each nonrandomly involved region, controlling for effects of other regions. With this approach, only breakpoints within 1p1 and 3p1 retained independent, deleterious effects on survival. Similarly, when nonrandomly involved regions were entered into a proportional hazards model containing clinical variables associated with altered patient survival (tumor grade, tumor stage, and residual disease > 1 cm after resection), only 1p1 (P = 0.007) and 3p1 (P = 0.04) were associated with independent, negative effects on survival. These studies demonstrate that chromosome breakpoints within specific, nonrandomly involved chromosome regions are associated with impaired survival in ovarian cancers. Regions 1p1 and 3p1 are identified as areas of particular significance and are appropriate targets for analytical techniques such as SAGE and microarray analysis.
TEXTURE DESCRIPTION USING FRACTAL AND ENERGY FEATURES

The fractal dimension of a texture has been used in the past as a segmentation feature, but since it cannot sufficiently describe enough textural characteristics, additional features are needed. In this paper we demonstrate that by combining the fractal dimension with a simple textural energy measure, a significant performance improvement is achieved compared to using each feature alone. The fractal dimension is computed using an efficient method that is also more accurate than most other popular methods, and the textural energy is easily computed using convolutional masks. Segmentation and classification of natural textures based on these two features is presented and the effect of additive noise is considered.
Winter precipitation variability and corresponding teleconnections over the northeastern United States

The variability of winter precipitation over the northeastern United States and the corresponding teleconnections with five dominant large-scale modes of climate variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO; Pacific-North American pattern, PNA; Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO; and El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO) were systemically analyzed in this study. Three leading patterns of winter precipitation were first generated by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The correlation analysis shows that the first pattern is significantly correlated with PNA and PDO, the second pattern is significantly correlated with NAO and AMO, and the third pattern is significantly correlated with ENSO, PNA, and PDO. To verify the physical sense of the EOF patterns and their correlations, composite analysis was applied to the precipitation anomalies, which reproduced the three EOF spatial patterns. Multiple linear regression models generated using indices of all five modes of climate variability show higher explained variances. Composite analyses of geopotential height, sea level pressure, relative humidity, and moisture flux field were performed to find the physical mechanisms behind the teleconnections. When the findings are applied to the extreme drought of the 1960s, it is found that besides a continuous negative NAO pattern, a negative PNA pattern and La Nina conditions also contributed to the drought of winter season by influencing moisture flux and the position of storm tracks. Another case, the 2009/2010 winter with positive precipitation anomalies over the coastal region, is found to be resulted from circulation patterns dominated by major El Nino condition with high-PNA and PDO indices.
Feature engineering with canonical analysis for effective statistical tests screening test escapes

It is known that statistical analysis of test data can help screen potential test escapes without additional physical measurements. Based on analysis of production test data, this paper focuses on feature engineering for statistical tests to screen test escapes. The features are engineered in two aspects: development of effective features and transformation of features into a different space in which the inherent difference between the test escapes and the normal population can be compacted into a small number of features. In feature development, we generate two sets of features to characterize a chip based on the amounts of the chip's test measurements deviated from the measurement means and their amounts deviated from the spatial patterns among dies on the same wafer. In feature transformation, the features are projected into the canonical space, in which the separation between the test escapes and the good chips are encapsulated into the first few dimensions. We show that each set of features reveals a unique set of test escapes, and the transformation of features can result in significant runtime reduction while keeping a comparable differentiating power as that in the original features. Therefore, both sets of features should be utilized and the canonical transformation should be applied when developing statistical tests for test escape reduction.
Newborn Plasma Demonstrates Lower Lipid Peroxide Production Compared to Adult Plasma During Photooxidative Stress. 1416

INTRODUCTION: We have shown that very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; BW≤1500 g) infants develop elevated plasma riboflavin (R; vitamin B2) to 50-fold cord concentrations during their first postnatal month due to dietary augmentation and immature renal function. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is usually treated with phototherapy. R is photoreactive and can peroxidize lipid membranes with photoexposure (PE), exposing VLBW infants to lipid peroxide (LP) related diseases such as ROP and BPD. Lipid emulsion (LE) is a standard component of VLBW infant parenteral nutrition and may provide a substrate for peroxidation. Our hypothesis was that neonatal plasma would produce more LP during photooxidative stress compared to adult plasma. METHODS: Blood was collected from 21 non-pregnant, non-smoking adult females and 14 AGA newborns at delivery. Plasma was isolated by centrifugation at 4000g × 5 minutes and R supplemented to 50(control), 500, and 5000 ng/mL. 9 adult and 7 infant samples were supplemented to LE of O (control), 0.2 and 0.6 Gm/dL. Samples were PE for 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours via an Ohmeda® high intensity fiberoptic pad. LP were determined using a spectrophotometric LP assay. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS: Adult plasma developed higher LP compared to infants, p<0.001 (Figure). R, duration of PE and LE all independently increased LP, p<0.001. The highest LP values were measured using adult plasma with R=5000, IL=0.6 and 6 h of PE: 114±13.6 nmol/ml. CONCLUSIONS: From these data we conclude our hypothesis was false. Newborns demonstrated less LP production using this model. R, duration of PE and LE all independently increased LP production. We suggest that LP induced injury in newborns results from postnatal disease and environment rather than inherent predisposition to LP production at delivery.
Transonic swirling flow.

An approximation that can be used to determine how swirl affects the choking constraint on flow through the throat of a nozzle is obtained. The flow model is consistent with an experimentally observed flow pattern that contains a recirculating internal cell upstream of the throat. Results of the approximation are applied to three different flow situations. First, it is found that the choking constraint imposes a limit on the maximum tangential Mach number that can be achieved in a vortex tube even when an infinite pressure ratio is available. Next, analytic expressions are derived for the variation of rocket mass flow in a spinning rocket. The last application is the prediction of a performance curve for a fluidic vortex valve that is consistent with limited experimental data.
Chronic disabling illness: a holistic view.

RECENT advances in the knowledge of the fundamental processes of disease have been formidable. The influence of this knowledge on the thinking of the health professions has been profound. It is likely that many diseases now considered irreversable and incurable will, in the future, be preventable and curable but how long this will take cannot be predicted. Under these circumstances, concern with components of illness other than the disease process per se may be the only ‘clinical’ management possible. Sociocultural and behavioral factors have considerable input both on the ultimate expression of the illness and the patient’s response to it. Research into the nature and influence of these components has not been done with the same intensity so apparent in the biological aspects. Admittedly, much more needs to be done, but their importance should not be depreciated. They are significant in the formation of that complex entity-sick man. The holistic view of illness postulates that it is a composite phenomenon, contributed to and shaped by a number of influences which may or may not bear a direct causal relationship to each other. It follows that management of illness requires understanding of as many of these influences as possible. This is particularly important for those patients with chronic disabling illness; they are not only involved with the ‘medical’ problems of their illness, but with a great spectrum of social, economic and behavioral complications as well. Chronic illness can only be partially managed by treating the patient as an isolated entity, no matter how sympathetic such treatment may be. The nature of the environment in which the patient functions is of great importance as is the patient’s behavioral response, which contributes significantly to the meaning of the illness. It follows that chronic disabling conditions must be examined within the context of total human involvement. The intrusion of a significant illness, especially of a chronic and disabling nature, is a major life crisis posing a formidable challenge to what was previously a workable adaptation to life. The crisis generated thereby is ‘ongoing’ in that there is little possibility of a complete return to the pre-morbid state. Certain general mechanisms of coping seem to operate in this circumstance. They appear early, and are undoubtedly necessary for immediate emotional survival.
Understanding Family Change and Variation: Toward a Theory of Conjunctural Action

Understanding Family Change and Variation: Toward a Theory of Conjunctural Action. 2011. By JENNIFER JOHNSON-HANKS, CHRISTINE BACHRACH, S. PHILIP MORGAN, and HANS-PETER KOHLER. Dordrecht: Springer....