cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A proposed model for the role of fear of intimacy and social support in behavioral activation: a cross-sectional analysis

Behavioral theories of depression posit that depression results from the environment not adequately reinforcing non-depressive behaviors. One commonly used treatment based on the behavioral model of depression is Behavioral Activation. While many implementations of Behavioral Activation emphasize social interactions, there is limited empirical investigation into the contribution of specific facets of social engagement in the behavioral model of depression. Fear of intimacy, an indicator of willingness to engage in specific types of social interactions, may play an important role in understanding at a functional level what aspects of social engagement are important in behavioral activation. The current study (N = 353) proposes a model, anchored in functional outcomes of behavioral interactions, to explain the development and utilization of social support as environmental enrichment. The proposed model accounted for 55% of the variance of depressive symptoms. Findings were consistent with a model where fear of intimacy was directly and indirectly associated with depression via activation, social support, and environmental enrichment. Notably, social support was not directly associated with depression. Findings suggest the importance of incorporating vulnerable self-disclosure in behavioral activation treatments to foster environmental enrichment.
Nonlinear temporality in Joyce and Walcott: history repeating itself with a difference

Sean Seeger’s Nonlinear Temporality in Joyce and Walcott marks the first book-length comparative study of these two major authors. This fact itself is astounding when we consider important monograp...
A Computational Study on the Ca2+ Solvation, Coordination Environment, and Mobility in Electrolytes for Calcium Ion Batteries

Calcium (ion) batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems, owing to their numerous benefits in terms of performance metrics, low-cost, mineral abundance, and economic sustainability. A central and critical area to the advancement of the technology is the development of suitable eletrolytes that allow for good salt solubility, ion mobility, electrochemical stability, and reversible redox activity. At this time, the study of different solvent-salt combinations is very limited. Here, we present a computational study on the coordination environment, solvation energetics, and diffusivity of calcium ions over a range of pertinent ionic liquids, cyclic and acylic alkyl carbonates, and specific alkyl nitriles and alkyl formamides, using the salts calcium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Ca(TFSI)2) and calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2). Key findings are that several solvents from different solvent classes present comparable solvation environments and mobilities. Ca(TFSI)2 is prefered over Ca(ClO4)2 owing to the former’s mix coordination of Ca2+ to O and N atoms. Ionic liquids with alkyl sulfonate anions provide better coordation over TFSI, which leads to greater diffusivity. Binary organic mixtures (carbonates) provide the best solvation of Ca2+, however, single organic solvents also provide good solvation, such as EC, THF and DMF, as well as some acyclic carbonates. Ion pairing with the salt anion is always present, but can be mitigated through solvent selection, which also correlates to greater mobility; however, there are examples in which strong ion pairing is not significantly adverse to diffusivity. The solvent incorporate into the solvation structure with binary organic mixtures correlates well with the solvation capabilities of the individual solvents. Finally, we show that ionic liquids (specifically alkyl imidazole (cation) alkyl sulfonate (anion) ionic liquids) do not decompose when coordinating at a Ca metal interface, which indicates its promising stability. Overall, this study contributes further generalized understanding of the correlation between solvent and salt and the resultant Ca2+ complexes and Ca2+ mobility in a range of electrolytes, and reveals a range of possible solvents suitable for exploration in calcium (ion) batteries.
Attitudes and Communication Preferences for Vaccines among Pregnant Women Receiving Care at a Safety-net Hospital.

Abstract Objective We aimed to understand pregnant women's perceptions of vaccination during pregnancy and to assess their reaction to different vaccine messages. Study Design English-speaking pregnant women aged 18 years or older who received prenatal care at a safety net hospital participated in qualitative interviews. Interview topics included attitudes toward vaccinations in general and toward influenza and tetanus–diphtheria–pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. Participants were also queried regarding sources of vaccine information, and were asked to provide feedback on specific messages regarding maternal vaccination. Results Twenty-eight pregnant women participated in interviews. Participant age ranged from 18 to 40 years old; 64% were insured through Medicaid. All participants had positive attitudes toward routine vaccinations and had received vaccinations for themselves and their children. Attitudes were less favorable for influenza vaccines than other vaccines. Participants reported receiving vaccine information from multiple sources. Stories about vaccine harms worried participants, even when they did not trust the sources of negative information. All stated that their health care providers were the most trusted source of information. Participants felt that the most important messages to encourage maternal vaccination were that maternal vaccination protects the baby after birth and maternal vaccination is safe for both mother and baby. Participants were not motivated to vaccinate by messages about the severity of maternal disease. Conclusions Maternal vaccinations are important to protect pregnant women and infants from influenza and pertussis. Focusing on messages related to vaccine safety and protection of the infant are motivating to mothers, especially when delivered by trusted health care providers.
Much Ado about Adenosine: Adenosine Synthesis and Function in Regulatory T Cell Biology

Recent studies have reported that adenosine is a significant mediator of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Indeed, activation of the adenosine receptor subtypes expressed by a broad range of immune and inflammatory cells attenuates inflammation in several disease models. This anti-inflammatory response is associated with an increase in intracellular cAMP that inhibits cytokine responses of many immune/inflammatory cells, including T cells and APCs. Thus, adenosine produced by Tregs can provide a paracrine feedback that shapes the host response following an immunologic provocation. This review discusses the evidence that adenosine is an integral part of Treg biology and presents some of the mechanisms that may account for its contribution to the resolution of inflammation and the regulation of the immune/inflammatory cell phenotype.
TREATMENT OF AMEBIASIS WITH ATABRINE COMBINED WITH CARBARSONE

Excerpt In 1946, at Letterman General Hospital, a patient with amebiasis in whom a liver abscess had penetrated the diaphragm, and in whom a bronchopleural fistula was present, had remained critica...
Comparison of medication adherence and healthcare costs between duloxetine and pregabalin initiators among patients with fibromyalgia.

Objective: To examine and compare medication adherence and direct healthcare costs between duloxetine and pregabalin initiators among patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of commercially insured fibromyalgia patients aged 18 to 64 was conducted among those who initiated duloxetine or pregabalin between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2006. The first initiation date was defined as the index date. All patients included had continuous enrollment in the 12-month pre- and post-index periods. Each individual was classified in the duloxetine or pregabalin cohort based on the initiating agent. The pregabalin cohort was constructed via propensity scoring controlling for differences in demographics, pre-index clinical and economic characteristics, and pre-index treatment patterns. Medication adherence (ie, medication possession ratio [MPR] and proportion of patients with MPR ≥ 80%) and healthcare costs over the 12 months post-index period were examined between cohorts. Results: The study cohorts included 3,711 duloxetine and 4,111 pregabalin patients with the mean age of 51 years. The common comorbidities included neuropathic pain other than diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, low back pain, cardiovascular disease, headache, and osteoarthritis. Over 80% of the duloxetine or pregabalin initiators used opioids. Controlling for demographics, pre-index clinical and economic characteristics, and prior medication history, duloxetine patients had significantly higher MPR (0.7 vs. 0.5, P < 0.05), higher proportion of patients with MPR ≥ 80% (46.5% vs. 26.4%, P < 0.05), but significantly lower total healthcare costs ($19,378 vs. $27,045, P < 0.05) over the 12 months post-index period than pregabalin patients. Conclusion: Fibromyalgia patients on duloxetine had significantly higher medication adherence, but significantly lower direct healthcare costs than those on pregabalin.
A 4/sup th/ order single-loop delta-sigma ADC with 8-bit two-step flash quantization

An architecture for a multibit single-loop delta-sigma A/D converter with two-step internal quantization is presented. Both the MSB and LSB signals produced by the two-step quantization are fed back simultaneously to all integrator stages. Thus the problem of inter-stage quantization noise leakage, which limits the performance of cascaded delta-sigma architectures, is avoided. Behavioral simulation results demonstrate that for a 4th-order, 8-bit modulator, 108 dB of signal-to-quantization noise is achievable at an oversampling ratio of 8.
Solubilization of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus proteinic crystal

Abstract Methods for the solubilization of an insect granulosis virus capsule from Trichoplusia ni were studied using turbidity measurements. The solubilization in the solvents employed was most strongly influenced by pH. Various alcohols and hydrogen bond cleaving agents also enhanced solubilization. The most effective solvent tested at pH′s close to neutrality was 60% n-propanol saturated with guanidine. HCl. The effectiveness of this solvent was minimal at pH 5.2. It was shown that the time courses of the solubilization were generally composed of three phases. A plot of the third phase levels versus pH indicated a normal distribution of those capsules or capsular fragments in resisting solubilization. Validity of the calculation of rate constants for the dissociation reaction in the second phase was discussed. Logarithm of the rate constant showed a linear relationship with the reciprocal of absolute temperature. The activation energy for the dissociation calculated from this relationship using the Arrhenius equation indicated that hydrophobic and hydrogen binding forces play the major roles for the stability of the crystalline structure of the capsular protein. Inic binding forces were estimated to be of minor importance.
Meshless Methods for Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations

A popular research topic in numerical methods recently has been the development of meshless methods as alternatives to the traditional finite element, finite volume, and finite difference methods. The traditional methods all require some connectivity knowledge a priori, such as the generation of a mesh, whereas the aim of meshless methods is to sprinkle only a set of points or nodes covering the computational domain, with no connectivity information required among the set of points. Multiphysics and multiscale analysis, which is a common requirement for microsystem technologies such as MEMS and Bio-MEMS, is radically simplified by meshless techniques as we deal with only nodes or points instead of a mesh. Meshless techniques are also appealing because of their potential in adaptive techniques, where a user can simply add more points in a particular region to obtain more accurate results.
Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, 2nd ed

“Do we really need another book about Jane Austen?” complained a doctoral student at the recent MLA convention in Los Angeles. But his preferred Modernist poets, Eliot and Pound, certainly suffer f...
Interactions between TCP and the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol

The IEEE 802.11x MAC protocol, the de facto standard for wireless LANs, includes a distributed coordination function (DCF) mode usable for ad hoc network architectures. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is commonly used on top of this MAC for reliable transport. TCPs congestion control scheme assumes highly reliable frame transmission at the link layer Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold in multi-hop wireless network scenarios, leading to severe performance degradation. In this paper we study the interactions between the TCP and 802.11b MAC protocols, and examine the effects of different TCP and 802.11b parameters on the throughput achieved Using simulations and analysis, we highlight the causes of performance degradation when TCP is used over 802.11b MAC in a multi-hop wireless scenario.
Lethality impact of diatomaceous earth (Sayan®), bran, sawdust and clay on adult of six stored-product insects

The lethality impact of diatomaceous earth (Sayan®), bran, sawdust and clay on six major stored-product insects under laboratory conditions was determined. The lethal effects were investigated in two different methods. In the first method, experimental surface was permeated with test material, and in the second method, the test compounds were mixed with rearing mediums separately. In the first technique, adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzephilus surinamensis, Lasioderma serricorne, Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Callosobruchus maculatus were placed in a Petri dish, which was contaminated with a known amount of Sayan®, bran, sawdust or clay. Mortality rate was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h after commence of each exposure. In the second method, the lethality of test compounds which were mixed with wheat was investigated against S. oryzae, R. dominica, O. surinamensis, L. serricorne and C. ferrugineus for 1, 7 and 14 days of exposure. In the first technique, the results indicated that bran a...
Functional Neuroimaging of Symptom Validity Testing in Traumatic Brain Injury

The Word Memory Test (WMT) is a commonly used symptom validity test (SVT) that assesses recognition verbal memory. The task has been adapted for use within a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm so the neural correlates of WMT activation patterns can be studied. In the current investigation, performance on the delayed recognition subtest of the WMT was examined in two patients who sustained severe TBI and compared to ten healthy controls. The patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations and structural MRI. All participants completed two versions of the WMT: full-effort and simulated poor effort conditions. Despite extensive structural brain damage, the fMRI activation patterns during full-effort WMT performance were somewhat similar in the two TBI patients and likewise, somewhat similar to controls. The fMRI activation pattern in both patients demonstrated intact activation of the basic neural structures necessary to perform the WMT. Dissimilar patterns of activation were obtained during the simulated poor effort condition of WMT performance suggesting that fMRI techniques may be sensitive in demonstrating non-credible cognitive performance. The results of our study represent the first fMRI investigation of normal and simulated poor effort SVT performance in individuals with documented brain damage. The implications of fMRI techniques in SVT research and their clinical application are discussed.
Adhesion-guided multicellular assembly: a commentary upon the postulates, real and imagined, of the differential adhesion hypothesis, with special attention to computer simulations of cell sorting.

The differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH) explains cell sorting and related cell rearrangements as progressions of motile and mutually adhesive cell populations toward configurations of minimal interfacial (adhesive) free energy. Many behavioral predictions based upon this hypothesis have been confirmed. However, elements of the hypothesis itself have been misunderstood by some authors, who have consequently erred in their expectations of the behavior it would predict. One commonly held misconception is that this hypothesis entails an assumption that all cells adhere to one another through a common chemical mechanism. Other errors have been introduced in connection with the interpretation of the results of computer simulations of cell sorting. In general, when a computer simulation based upon the DAH has failed to generate all of the expected behavior, there has been a tendency to attribute this to shortcomings of the DAH itself. It is here shown, however, that the difficulty, in each instance of which I am aware, has lain either in faulty understanding of the behavior actually displayed by living cell populations as they sort out, or in some inadequacy of the simplified rules fed to the computer. When these deficiences are corrected, DAH-based computer simulations of cell sorting, although awkward, nevertheless produce fairly lifelike approximations of cell-sorting behavior.
Academic Freedom and the Congressional Investigations: Free Speech and the Silent Professor

This is to be a discussion of academic freedom with reference to the current fears that this freedom is being seriously endangered by Congressional committees looking for evidence (or for charges) of "subversion" in our educational institutions. Academic freedom is specifically the teacher's freedom to seek truth, in his field of inquiry, and to communicate his findings to others students, colleagues and the public; and beyond that, it is the teacher's right to share with others the freedom to express opinions on political and other questions and to join in efforts to put opinions into operation. The discussion cannot be confined to a consideration of the rights and obligations of teachers; a teacher's students and colleagues, and the public and its representatives, have rights and obligations that cannot be ignored in any attempt at a fair and informed consideration of academic freedom as affected by Congressional investigations. Until very recently the chief complaint against the investigating committees was that members of Congress would obtain and spread abroad accusations without reporting evidence in support of the charges and without affording the persons accused an opportunity to appear and defend themselves against the charges. The chief complaint now is of an opposite sort; namely, that a person is summoned before a committee and ordered to answer questions which he does not want to answer and which he believes the committee has no right to ask him. Quetsions about his present or past political affiliations and activities are put to him, he contends, not to elicit information needed by Congress for a proper discharge of its legitimate functions, but rather to bring about a criminal prosecution, or to damage his reputation, or to make him suffer in other ways for holding opinions disliked by an investigating Congressman. Our particular concern here is with two questions. What should
The effect of impurities on Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconductors

We derive the Ginzburg-Landau theory of unconventional singlet superconductors in the presence of a Zeeman field and impurities, in order to examine the resulting Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases. We show that the behaviour of the FFLO phases in unconventional superconductors in the presence of impurities is qualitatively different from that found for s-wave superconductors.
Transesophageal echocardiography in critically III patients

The feasibility, safety and clinical impact of transesophageal echocardiography were evaluated in 51 critically ill intensive care unit patients (28 men and 23 women; mean age 63 years) in whom transthoracic echocardiography was inadequate. At the time of transesophageal echocardiography, 30 patients (59%) were being mechanically ventilated. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed without significant complications in 49 patients (96%), and 2 patients with heart failure had worsening of hemodynamic and respiratory difficulties after insertion of the transesophageal probe. The most frequent indication, in 25 patients (49%), was unexplained hemodynamic instability. Other indications included evaluation of mitral regurgitation severity, prosthetic valvular dysfunction, endocarditis, aortic dissection and potential donor heart. In 30 patients (59%), transesophageal echocardiography identified cardiovascular problems that could not be clearly diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography. In the remaining patients, transesophageal echocardiography permitted confident exclusion of suspected abnormalities because of its superior imaging qualities. Cardiac surgery was prompted by transesophageal echocardiographic findings in 12 patients (24%) and these findings were confirmed at operation in all. Therefore, transesophageal echocardiography can be safely performed and has a definite role in the diagnosis and expeditious management of critically ill cardiovascular patients.
Integration of an on-line protein digestion microreactor to a nanoelectrospray emitter for peptide mapping.

A method for integrating nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry with a microreactor for on-line digestion and fast peptide mass mapping from dilute protein samples is presented. Fused silica capillaries (i.d. 50 μm, o.d. 360 μm) are employed as the digestion microreactor and the nanoelectrospray emitter by immobilizing trypsin onto the surface of the inner wall of the fused silica capillary tubing. The procedure is demonstrated using solutions of 1 pmol/μl angiotensin II, cytochrome c, hemoglobin, and β-casein. Because the inner walls of the capillaries are modified by covalent chemical bonds, the adsorption of peptides and proteins to the inner walls of the capillaries is suppressed. This procedure was performed with solutions as dilute as 1 fmol/μl (1 nM) cytochrome c. This method shows generation of tryptic peptides with sequence coverage up to 90% within minutes; trypsin autolysis products are not detected. In addition, the immobilized enzyme can be cleaned easily, enabling the microreactor to be reused for nanoelectrospray.
Role of the low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor and the high‐affinity trk nerve growth factor receptor in human prostate carcinogenesis

Nerve growth factor (NGF) interacts with a low-affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) and a high-affinity Trk receptor in the paracrine regulation of human prostate growth. Both the LNGFR and the Trk receptor localize to the epithelia of the normal prostate. During malignant progression of the prostate, expression of the LNGFR is progressively lost from the epithelia, whereas Trk expression is retained in the epithelia of the adenomatous foci. Human prostatic stromal cell secretory protein (hPS) containing NGF stimulates autophosphorylation of the Trk receptor in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect appears to be broadly based, because three distinct human prostate tumor cell lines (TSU-pr1, DU-145, and PC-3) were shown to undergo Trk autophosphorylation in response to treatment with hPS. These observations are of potential significance, because the LNGFR is thought to participate in the inhibition of prostate growth via apoptotic mechanisms, whereas the Trk receptor is thought to participate in the stimulation of prostate growth via initiation of a phosphorylation cascade. Therefore, loss of the LNGFR may eliminate an inhibitor of prostate growth as well as reducing competition for the NGF ligand, thereby enhancing a growth stimulus to the prostate tissues mediated via the Trk receptor. In this manner, an alteration in the balance of growth regulation between the inhibitory effect of the LNGFR and the stimulatory effect of the Trk receptor may play a causal role in prostate carcinogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Electrical Conductivity of Titanium Dioxide

Experiments on titanium dioxide show that it is an electronic semi-conductor in which the the current carriers are actually free electrons, as contrasted with the hole conduction of the other type of semi-conductor. It is found that the variation with oxygen pressure is that which would be expected if the titanium dioxide decomposes in the following manner: $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Ti}}^{+}+{\mathrm{O}}_{2}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The deviation of the curves at low pressures is probably due to the presence of small impurities in the samples used. It is found that the variation of conductivity with temperature is represented by the formula $\ensuremath{\sigma}=A{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\mathrm{kT}}}$. The activation energy $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is about 1.7 electron volts. Transport measurements show that the ionic conductivity is less than that which can be measured in these experiments. Measurements of the Hall effect, although not very quantitative, show that the mean free path for the conduction electrons is very small.
A note on tsunamis: their generation and propagation in an ocean of uniform depth

The waves generated in a two-dimensional fluid domain of infinite lateral extent and uniform depth by a deformation of the bounding solid boundary are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. An integral solution is developed for an arbitrary bed displacement (in space and time) on the basis of a linear approximation of the complete (nonlinear) description of wave motion. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for two specific deformations of the bed; the spatial variation of each bed displacement consists of a block section of the bed moving vertically either up or down while the time-displacement history of the block section is varied. The presentation of results is divided into two sections based on two regions of the fluid domain: a generation region in which the bed deformation occurs and a downstream region where the bed position remains stationary for all time. The applicability of the linear approximation in the generation region is investigated both theoretically and experimentally; results are presented which enable certain gross features of the primary wave leaving this region to be determined when the magnitudes of parameters which characterize the bed displacement are known. The results indicate that the primary restriction on the applicability of the linear theory during the bed deformation is that the total amplitude of the bed displacement must remain small compared with the uniform water depth; even this restriction can be relaxed for one type of bed motion. Wave behaviour in the downstream region of the fluid domain is discussed with emphasis on the gradual growth of nonlinear effects relative to frequency dispersion during propagation and the subsequent breakdown of the linear theory. A method is presented for finding the wave behaviour in the far field of the downstream region, where the effects of nonlinearities and frequency dispersion have become about equal. This method is based on the use of a model equation in the far field (which includes both linear and nonlinear effects in an approximate manner) first used by Peregrine (1966) and more recently advocated by Benjamin, Bona & Mahony (1972) as a preferable model to the more commonly used equation of Korteweg & de Vries (1895). An input-output approach is illustrated for the numerical solution of this equation where the input is computed from the linear theory in its region of applicability. Computations are presented and compared with experiment for the case of a positive bed displacement where the net volume of the generated wave is finite and positive; the results demonstrate the evolution of a train of solitary waves (solitons) ordered by amplitude followed by a dispersive train of oscillatory waves. The case of a negative bed displacement in which the net wave volume is finite and negative (and the initial wave is negative almost everywhere) is also investigated; the results suggest that only a dispersive train of waves evolves (no solitons) for this case.
Phonons in amorphous silica

A new theory of lattice vibrations in amorphous silicon dioxide is presented in which the randomness of the solid is treated separately from its chemistry. The theory attributes all measurable properties of phonons in silica to the nearly crystalline nearest-neighbor geometry of the lattice and to the disruptive effects of bondangle disorder. Neutron, infrared, and Raman spectra are calculated and compared with experiment. The theory is an application of the recently developed cluster-Bethe-lattice approach to studying amorphous solids.
Effect of Maturity on Roast Color and Descriptive Flavor of Peanuts

Florunner peanuts from five, pod-color based, maturity classes from 1985 and 1986 crop years were screened to obtain uniform sized kernels for roast color and descriptive flavor analyses. Maturity classes were roasted to the same Hunter L value (50 ± 1) using variable roast times or roasted for the same time wherein Hunter L values increased as maturity increased. Sensory evaluation of both roast methods suggested a trend for increased intensity of “on” flavor descriptors such as roasted peanutty and sweet aromatic as peanuts mature. Intensities of “off” flavor descriptors such as painty and fruity fermented were higher in immature peanuts. Intensities of several descriptors were affected by moderate handling differences between the two crop years.
Characteristics of serial electrocardiograms in heart transplant recipients

Abstract To characterize “normal electrocardiogram patterns” after transplantation, serial surface 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) taken 2 weeks, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively in a group of 50 heart transplant recipients were analyzed and were correlated with clinical parameters. Some recipient atrial activity was evident in 40% of patients at 2 weeks, but in only 16% at 1 year; donor atrial activity was normal in 90% to 94% of patients at all times. ECG intervals generally were normal and did not change over time. The most prevalent abnormality was the presence of incomplete (IRBBB) or complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) patterns (14% at 2 weeks, 16% at 1 month, and 22% at 1 year). In patients with hemodynamic measurements avaliable approximately at the time of the ECG recording 1 year following transplantation, there was a significant correlation between the presence of IRBBB and RBBB patterns and somewhat higher levels of right atrial mean pressure (6.8 versus 3.9 mm Hg, p = 0.01), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (32.5 versus 24.5 mm Hg, p = 0.001) and diastolic pressure (16.2 versus 11.2 mm Hg, p = 0.004), and right ventricular systolic pressure (31.4 versus 26.9 mm Hg, p = 0.019) and pulmonary artery wedge mean pressure (11.3 versus 7.9 mm Hg, p = 0.010). Repolarization changes were also common but decreased in frequency over time (78% at 2 weeks to 34% at 1 year) and did not correlate with the presence or absence of rejection. We conclude that ECG abnormalities in heart transplant recipients are generally mild and that IRBBB and RBBB patterns correlate with increased right heart pressures.
Kinematics of flow in sheet molding compounds

Experiments utilizing charges constructed of black and white sheet molding compound (SMC) reveal the basic kinematic mechanisms controlling the flow of the fiber-filled compound in compression molding. The experimental results show that SMC deforms in uniform extension within individual charge layers, with slip occurring at the mold surface and, for slower closing speeds, also between the layers of SMC. When the mold closes rapidly, the charge extends uniformly through its thickness, with all slip concentrated at the mold surface.
Novel Irradiated Axial Rotational Flap Model in the Rodent

ImportancePatients who require extensive surgical resection of head and neck tumors often have a history of treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. Chemoradiation-induced damage to the skin and ...
Formalism for testing theories of gravity using lensing by compact objects. III. Braneworld gravity

Braneworld gravity is a model that endows physical space with an extra dimension. In the type II Randall-Sundrum braneworld gravity model, the extra dimension modifies the spacetime geometry around black holes, and changes predictions for the formation and survival of primordial black holes. We develop a comprehensive analytical formalism for far-field black hole lensing in this model, using invariant quantities to compute all the geometric optics lensing observables: bending angle, image position, magnification, centroid, and time delay. We then make the first analysis of wave optics in braneworld lensing, working in the semiclassical limit. Through quantitative examples we show that wave optics offers the only realistic way to observe braneworld effects in black hole lensing. We point out that if primordial braneworld black holes exist, have mass ${M}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}$, and contribute a fraction ${f}_{\mathrm{bh}}$ of the dark matter, then roughly $\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{f}_{\mathrm{bh}}({M}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}/{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of them lie within our Solar System. These objects, which we call ``attolenses,'' would produce interference fringes in the energy spectra of gamma-ray bursts at energies $E\ensuremath{\sim}100({M}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}/{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ (which will soon be accessible with the GLAST satellite). Primordial braneworld black holes spread throughout the Universe could produce similar interference effects. If they contribute a fraction ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}$ of the total energy density, the probability that gamma-ray bursts are ``attolensed'' is at least $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}$. If observed, attolensing interference fringes would yield a simple upper limit on ${M}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}$. Detection of a primordial black hole with ${M}_{\ifmmode\bullet\else\textbullet\fi{}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ would challenge general relativity and favor the braneworld model. Further work on lensing tests of braneworld gravity must proceed into the physical optics regime, which awaits a description of the full spacetime geometry around braneworld black holes.
Neither Easy to Understand Nor Pleasing to See: The Development of Manual Sign Codes as Language Planning Activity

RESUMENNifacil aprender ni complaciente ver: El desarrollo de codigos manuales de serial como lengua planeando actividadEste articulo discute el desarrollo de codigos manuales de serial para uso en la instruction de ninos sordos como un ejemplo de una actividad para planear el lenguaje. Una vision de conjunto de la naturaleza de lenguas de serial se presenta, seguido por una description de la creation y propositos de codigos manuales de senal y un anâlisis de codigos tales como lengua planeando. Es sugerido que el desarrollo de codigos manuales de senal se puede ver como un esfuerzo descarriado que desconoce ambos las bases linguisticas de lenguas naturales de senal y los derechos de lengua de la sorda como una comunidad cultural y linguistica.RESUMONek facile komprenebla, nek agrabla vidajo: la evoluo de gestolingvo kiel lingvoplanadoLa artikolo diskutas la evoluon de gestolingvoj uzotaj en la edukado de surdaj infanoj kiel ekzemplon de lingvoplanado. La aŭtoro donas superrigardon pri la specoj de gestolingvoj kaj priskribas la kreadon kaj la celojn de gestolingvoj kaj analizas ilin kiel formon de lingvoplanado. Li tezas, ke la evoluigo de gestolingvoj povas esti konsiderata erara klopodo, kiu ignoras kaj la lingvan bazon de naturaj signolingvoj kaj la lingvajn rajtojn de la surduloj kiel kultura kaj lingva komunumo.
Y chromosome mosaicism in 45,X Turner syndrome.

In this study, one of 24 Turner syndrome abortuses was found to have Y chromosome mosaicism; however, no mosaicism was observed in five cases of liveborn Turner syndrome. To further test whether unsuspected mosaicism is common in this condition, our laboratory screened 11 individuals with 45,X gonadal dysgenesis using two different DNA probes, which corresponded to repeated sequences on the human Y chromosome
Moving Towards a More Comprehensive Investigation of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cognitive Disability Among US Adults

We examined racial/ethnic differences in cognitive disability and the contribution of sociodemographic factors to these differences. Using logistic regression, we measured the association between race/ethnicity and cognitive disability after adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, including agegroup, sex, education, nativity, region, marital status, and occupation among 2009 American Community Survey respondents (≥25 years). Effect modification was also explored. Cognitive disability was self-reported by 6 % of respondents. The proportion with cognitive disability was highest for Blacks and Native American/Pacific Islanders. Statistically significant effect modification was observed for all sociodemographic covariates, except sex. Although most sociodemographic modifiers revealed a more convoluted relationship between race/ethnicity and cognitive disability, the cognitive benefits of higher education, foreign born nativity, and top-tier occupations were observed among most racial/ethnic groups. The observed interplay between sociodemographics and race/ethnicity highlight a complex relationship between race/ethnicity and cognitive disability. Future research should examine mechanisms for this induced complexity.
Crucial need for water quality monitoring of biological contaminants

Globally, it is estimated that approximately one billion people do not have access to a safe water supply. The affected population is largely concentrated in developing countries; however, developed nations are also susceptible to contaminated public drinking water supplies, during natural disaster emergencies, from human error, or as the results of deliberate contamination. Types of water contaminants fall into four categories: biological, chemical, radiological, and physical. Biological contaminants pose the greatest immediate public health threat to drinking water supplies due to their ability to cause widespread outbreaks of disease. Chemical and radiological contaminants are important but, in most cases, adverse health effects are not acute and occur after prolonged exposure. Physical contaminants affect the public perception and acceptability of the drinking water; however, health effects from physical contaminants, such as sediments, are often caused by associated biological contamination. Providing safe drinking water in both industrialized and developing countries are one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. The current approach to biological contamination assessment of drinking water is reactive and biological monitoring is only conducted intensively after a waterborne outbreak, in other words after the damage has already occurred. There must be a focus on the development of new monitoring methodologies and devices which allow for a more expeditious and preventive approach, especially during natural disasters. A preventive approach will require technology that can monitor drinking water supplies in real-time and in situ to stop outbreaks from occurring, ensuring the safety of consumers. These devices must also take into account user needs and address the realities of adverse field conditions in developing countries or during natural disasters in order to be sustainable and become widely adopted.
Successful expression of a functional yeast G-protein-coupled receptor (Ste2) in mammalian cells.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-embedded cell signaling devices transducing ligand binding to activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins, providing a paradigm for signaling for yeast and mammals alike. Probing the extent to which yeast GPCRs may couple to mammalian G-proteins has been problematic. In the current work, we explored conditions that enable the cell-surface expression of a yeast α-factor pheromone receptor (Ste2). When expressed in human HEK293 cells, Ste2 is shown to bind its ligand α-factor, to be functional and catalyze activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and to demonstrate agonist-induced internalization. In response to agonist Ste2 as maintained intracellularly for several hours and avoids the degradation process observed for Ste2 in yeast cells. This is the first successful demonstration of the ability to express a functional yeast GPCR in mammalian cells.
Color-dependent distribution of spikes in single optic tract fibers of the cat.

Abstract Post-stimulus-time histograms of spike responses of some fibers in the cat's optic tract showed well-defined differences when diffuse white and colored flashes were presented. The shape of the histogram remained essentially the same when trains of flashes of the same color were given at a different time and/or different light intensity. Interval histograms of spike responses of some optic fibers computed during steady illumination by white and colored light or in darkness were different. Some optic axons were selectively excited or inhibited by steady light of a particular wavelength. One axon was selectively inhibited by violet light 390–420 nm. Others showed different multimodal distributions of interspike intervals to different colors. Lights of neighboring wave-lengths, like green and blue, or red and yellow, frequently elicited similar interval histograms. Implications of the presented data upon the encoding of color information in the spike distributions and upon the mechanism of the Fechner-Benham phenomenon are discussed.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to residential exposure to Aureobasidium pullulans in 2 siblings.

Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a variety of inhaled particles that may lead to acute, subacute, or chronic interstitial pneumonitis and possibly end-stage lung disease. Avian antigens most commonly cause HP in children, but fungi have also been implicated. Objective To describe a 15-year-old girl and her 6-year-old brother who developed HP from residential exposure to Aureobasidium pullulans . Methods Allergy skin testing, serum precipitating antibodies, pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, chest computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, and a home survey for possible causative antigens were performed. Results Both patients lived on a horse farm and had fatigue, weight loss, cough, and dyspnea. The siblings had restrictive patterns on pulmonary function tests, with decreased diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, ground-glass opacities on high-resolution chest computed tomography, and serum precipitins to A pullulans . Bronchoalveolar lavage in the girl demonstrated lymphocytosis, with a preponderance of CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells. Symptoms improved after the children vacated the home and recurred on repeated exposure in both patients. Home evaluation revealed extensive mold contamination, with A pullulans counts of 659, 329, and 71 CFU/m 3 in the boy's bedroom, the girl's bedroom, and outdoors, respectively. Conclusions The diagnosis of HP in these siblings is supported by the clinical history, the diagnostic findings, and the recurrence of symptoms on repeated exposure. These cases represent the second report of HP resulting from nonoccupational exposure to A pullulans in North America and the first report in children.
The behavior of presumed glial cells during seizure discharge in cat cerebral cortex.

Abstract Presumed glial cells (PG cells) and neurons were examined during seizure activity and their intracellular potentials were compared to the steady potential (SP) shifts which occurred at the cortical surface. The seizures studied in these experiments developed after irrigation of the cortical surface with low Cl − concentration solutions and may have been due to the conversion, within the upper cortical layers, of inhibitory synaptic potentials into depolarizing potentials. PG cells impaled in seizure foci appeared to have unusually large resting membrane potentials(RMPs; average = −105mV). Slow depolarizations (SDs) elicited during interictal periods by low frequency direct cortical stimulation were also very large(average = 29mV). Following paroxysms, PG cells frequently demonstrated hyperpolarizing potentials resembling those seen in normal cortex after repetitive direct cortical stimulation 41 . With tonic paroxysms PG cells underwent long duration depolarizing shifts whose shape and time course were perfectly mirrored by negative SP shifts. tI was demonstrated that the PG cell depolarizations associated with negative SP shifts were of sufficient amplitude to have produced the surface shifts. In contrast to PG cells the neurons studied during seizures showed potential fluctuations which were not well correlated with SP shifts. It was estimated from the magnitude of PG cell depolarizations, that during tonic paroxysms the (K) 0 increased to an average value of13m M .
Floating Ring Stabilization System

The necessity of magnetically levitating a superconducting, current carrying ring without mechanical supports requires an electrical stabilizing system. The ring, when supported, has only one equilibrium position and this position is one of unstable equilibrium. The ring is free to move with up to six degrees of freedom. Two degrees are dictated by the ability of the ring to move in any direction in the plane of the ring. Additionally, the ring can be tilted requiring three more reference points to determine a new plane. The sixth degree of freedom is the ability of the ring to rotate upon its own axis, but because external forces tending to cause this rotation can, in principal, be eliminated, a restoring supply is not provided. Each of the five identical stabilizing supplies in this system has a feedback loop composed of the following segments. The position detector element is an optical head which sends a light beam across an optical edge on the ring, the reflection of which is sensed on a photo diode. This diode voltage signal, proportional to the ring position, is the input to an amplifier whose output is a signal proportional to position, velocity and ring acceleration. A 50 volt, 100 ampere, bidirectional dc transistor power supply is activated from this signal which in turn powers the appropriate stabilizing coil located near the floating current carrying ring.
Forecasting realized volatility using a long-memory stochastic volatility model : estimation, prediction and seasonal adjustment

Abstract We study the modeling of large data sets of high-frequency returns using a long-memory stochastic volatility (LMSV) model. Issues pertaining to estimation and forecasting of large data sets using the LMSV model are studied in detail. Furthermore, a new method of de-seasonalizing the volatility in high-frequency data is proposed, that allows for slowly varying seasonality. Using both simulated as well as real data, we compare the forecasting performance of the LMSV model for forecasting realized volatility (RV) to that of a linear long-memory model fit to the log RV. The performance of the new seasonal adjustment is also compared to a recently proposed procedure using real data.