cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TGM2: a cell surface marker in esophageal adenocarcinomas.

Introduction: Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) are aggressive cancers that are increasing in incidence and associated with a poor prognosis. The identification of highly expressed genes in EAC relative to metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) may provide new targets for novel early cancer detection strategies using endoscopically administered, fluorescently labeled peptides. Methods: Gene expression analysis of BE and EACs were used to identify the cell surface marker transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as overexpressed in cancer. The expression of two major isoforms of TGM2 was determined by qRT-polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 128 EACs. Protein expression was confirmed by tissue microarrays and immunoblot analysis of EAC cell lines. TGM2 DNA copy number was assessed using single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and confirmed by qPCR. TGM2 expression in neoadjuvantly treated EACs and following small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in cisplatin-treated EAC cells was used to determine its possible role in chemoresistance. Results: TGM2 is overexpressed in 15 EACs relative to 26 BE samples. Overexpression of both TGM2 isoforms was confirmed in 128 EACs and associated with higher tumor stage, poor differentiation, and increased inflammatory and desmoplastic response. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry confirmed elevated TGM2 protein expression in EAC. Single nucleotide polymorphism and qPCR analysis revealed increased TGM2 gene copy number as one mechanism underlying elevated TGM2 expression. TGM2 was highly expressed in resistant EAC after patient treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy/radiation suggesting a role for TGM2 in chemoresistance. Conclusion: TGM2 may be a useful cell surface biomarker for early detection of EAC.
Automatic Craniomaxillofacial Landmark Digitization via Segmentation-Guided Partially-Joint Regression Forest Model

Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformities involve congenital and acquired deformities of the head and face. Landmark digitization is a critical step in quantifying CMF deformities. In current clinical practice, CMF landmarks have to be manually digitized on 3D models, which is time-consuming. To date, there is no clinically acceptable method that allows automatic landmark digitization, due to morphological variations among different patients and artifacts of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. To address these challenges, we propose a segmentation-guided partially-joint regression forest model that can automatically digitizes CMF landmarks. In this model, a regression voting strategy is first adopted to localize landmarks by aggregating evidences from context locations, thus potentially relieving the problem caused by image artifacts near the landmark. Second, segmentation is also utilized to resolve inconsistent landmark appearances that are caused by morphological variations among different patients, especially on the teeth. Third, a partially-joint model is proposed to separately localize landmarks based on coherence of landmark positions to improve digitization reliability. The experimental results show that the accuracy of automatically digitized landmarks using our approach is clinically acceptable.
Magnetic Models on ℤ D and on the Circle

This chapter consists of two parts. Part 1 extends the results of Chapter IV to ferromagnetic models on the integer lattices ℤ D , D∈{1, 2, ...}. These results included properties of the specific Gibbs free energy, the specific magnetization, and infinite-volume Gibbs states. The dimension of the lattice enters in a dramatic way in the proof of spontaneous magnetization. For D = 1, the critical inverse temperature β c is finite only for interactions of infinite range; e.g., J(k) = |k|−α, k ≠ 0, for some 1 < α ≤ 2. By contrast, for D ≥ 2, β c is finite for any nontrivial interaction J [Theorem V.5.1]. We give a complete proof of spontaneous magnetization for D ≥ 2. First, a set of powerful moment inequalities is proved which allow us to reduce from a general model to the Ising model on ℤ2. Then spontaneous magnetization is shown for the latter by means of a combinatorial argument due to Peierls. The moment inequalities also yield monotonicity and concavity properties of the specific magnetization which were stated in Chapter IV without proof.
On the identity of “isolated chromosomes”: I. Comparison of chromatin threads obtained by two radically different mechanical means

Abstract In the first of a series of experiments on the identity of isolated chromosomes, chromatin threads from chicken erythrocytes disrupted by two radically different mechanical means have been compared. The Waring Blendor and the Logeman Hand Colloid Mill have been used. The Blendor combines great turbulence and shear; the Mill applies relatively mild, pure shear. Remarkably similar results were obtained by these two divergent techniques. Phase-microscopic study of wet mounts after various treatments indicated progressive and successive disruption of cells and of nuclei to form characteristic threads that stained well with three nuclear dyes including the Feulgen reagent. These chromatin threads displayed common ranges of form and size that are remarkably congruent with the cytological picture of metaphase macrochromosomes of the chicken. In addition, they possessed structural features signally associated with chromosomes, including doubleness, coiled aspect, individuality as shown by recurrence, and longitudinal differentiation as shown by constrictions and by axial periodic structure. These results support the identification of such isolated chromatin threads with the chromosomes.
Wine, 1. Introduction and Classification

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Wine Classifications, Types, and Labels 2.1. Major Categories of Wines 2.2. Table Wines 2.2.1. Still Table Wines 2.2.1.1. Dry, Still Table Wines 2.2.1.2. Nondry, Still Table Wines 2.2.2. Sparkling (Table) Wines 2.3. Dessert/Appetizer Wines 2.3.1. Sweet Dessert/Appetizer Wines 2.3.2. Maderized Wines 2.3.2.1. Oxidized by Film Yeast 2.3.2.2. Oxidized with Age 2.3.2.3. Oxidized by Heat Treatment 2.3.3. Flavored Dessert Appetizer Wines 2.3.3.1. Vermouths 2.3.3.2. Specialty and Proprietary Dessert/Appetizer Wines 2.4. Dealcoholized Wines 2.4.1. Nonalcohol Wines 2.4.2. Wines with Partial Removal of Ethanol 2.5. Wine Labeling 2.5.1. Importance of Region 2.5.2. Controlled Appellations 2.5.3. Imitations
Ultra-Wideband Active Balun Topology and Its Implementation on SiGe BiCMOS Across DC-50 GHz

A new type of active baluns consisting of a common emitter (CE) amplifier with degenerative inductor and a common collector (CC) amplifier is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated using a 0.18- $\mu\text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS process. The parasitic neutralization and compensation techniques are used to keep the balun well balanced at very high frequencies and across an ultra-wide bandwidth. The active balun is particularly not affected by any components connected at its input or output ports, making it very attractive for integrating with other components and for system integration. The designed 0.18- $\mu\text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS active balun exhibits an amplitude imbalance lower than 1 dB and phase imbalance lower than 100 from dc to 50 GHz, and consumes a low dc power of only 14.4 mW from a dc power supply voltage of 1.8 V.
Device Under Test (DUT) Socket Conversion to Improve Analog Loadboard Performance Efficiency

This paper discusses modification on DUT socket hitting other problems ranging from over rejection, set-up loss to test escape through the incorporation of interlock switch that virtually foolproof the docking interlock mechanism. Design of experiment and actual simulation validate the effect and desire result. With this systematic approaches Analog loadboard performance brought significant improvement in productivity extending loadboard life cycle by eliminating severe PCB (printed circuit board) traces cause by repeated replacements of Pogo pins, eliminate monthly consumption of US$4K , set-up time improvement from 1 minute to 3 seconds and significant improvement in reducing the 46% open connection opportunity.
Make Kilobots truly accessible to all the people around the world

Kilobots are micro-robots originally designed by Rubenstein and Nagpal's research group to be inexpensive, quick to build, and versatile with many functionalities. Once Kilobots were made public in 2012, they have instantly become a valuable tool for empirical validation of swarm robotics and an entertaining instrument for educational demonstrations. However, although the original designs were publicly available, when the authors initially built the Kilobots by following the instructions, several issues occurred. The most challenging issue was about the calibration board. The authors reached out to several research groups world-wide and found out that others encountered similar issues. Most groups purchased their Kilobots from K-Team at a much higher price and with a long waiting time in the ordering process, defeating the purpose of Kilobots being inexpensive micro-robots that are quick to build. The authors were inspired to revise the design of the Kilobots, to make them truly accessible to all the researchers and educators around the world. The redesign is not an overhaul of the original design; instead, it is aimed at making the building process of Kilobots feasible and time-efficient. The main areas of the redesign are in PCB layout, distance calibration, and the associated documentation update. During the redesign process, the authors were very grateful for the help received from the inventors of the Kilobots and several other research groups. The final design has been tested in house and in another research group. The authors are also working on creating a website to present all the relevant information publicly and freely, so that Kilobots will be widely accessible to all the researchers and educators, gaining a greater social impact than that of now.
Leptin-Notch signaling axis is involved in pancreatic cancer progression

Pancreatic cancer (PC) shows a high death rate. PC incidence and prognosis are affected by obesity, a pandemic characterized by high levels of leptin. Notch is upregulated by leptin in breast cancer. Thus, leptin and Notch crosstalk could influence PC progression. Here we investigated in PC cell lines (BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2, Panc-1, AsPC-1), derived tumorspheres and xenografts whether a functional leptin-Notch axis affects PC progression and expansion of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSC). PC cells and tumorspheres were treated with leptin and inhibitors of Notch (gamma-secretase inhibitor, DAPT) and leptin (iron oxide nanoparticle-leptin peptide receptor antagonist 2, IONP-LPrA2). Leptin treatment increased cell cycle progression and proliferation, and the expression of Notch receptors, ligands and targeted molecules (Notch1-4, DLL4, JAG1, Survivin and Hey2), PCSC markers (CD24/CD44/ESA, ALDH, CD133, Oct-4), ABCB1 protein, as well as tumorsphere formation. Leptin-induced effects on PC and tumorspheres were decreased by IONP-LPrA2 and DAPT. PC cells secreted leptin and expressed the leptin receptor, OB-R, which indicates a leptin autocrine/paracrine signaling loop could also affect tumor progression. IONP-LPrA2 treatment delayed the onset of MiaPaCa-2 xenografts, and decreased tumor growth and the expression of proliferation and PCSC markers. Present data suggest that leptin-Notch axis is involved in PC. PC has no targeted therapy and is mainly treated with chemotherapy, whose efficiency could be decreased by leptin and Notch activities. Thus, the leptin-Notch axis could be a novel therapeutic target, particularly for obese PC patients.
Activation of cortical somatostatin interneurons prevents the development of neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain involves long-lasting modifications of pain pathways that result in abnormal cortical activity. How cortical circuits are altered and contribute to the intense sensation associated with allodynia is unclear. Here we report a persistent elevation of layer V pyramidal neuron activity in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse model of neuropathic pain. This enhanced pyramidal neuron activity was caused in part by increases of synaptic activity and NMDA-receptor-dependent calcium spikes in apical tuft dendrites. Furthermore, local inhibitory interneuron networks shifted their activity in favor of pyramidal neuron hyperactivity: somatostatin-expressing and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons reduced their activity, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons increased their activity. Pharmacogenetic activation of somatostatin-expressing cells reduced pyramidal neuron hyperactivity and reversed mechanical allodynia. These findings reveal cortical circuit changes that arise during the development of neuropathic pain and identify the activation of specific cortical interneurons as therapeutic targets for chronic pain treatment.
Understanding systemic lupus erythematosus patients' desired outcomes and their perceptions of the risks and benefits of using corticosteroids.

IntroductionThe use of corticosteroids in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients requires difficult trade-offs between efficacy and risk of toxicity. This qualitative study examined SLE patien...
Perceptions of Cluttering Among Communication Sciences and Disorders and Non Communication Sciences and Disorders Students

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare perceptions of cluttering of undergraduate Communication Sciences and Disorders majors with perceptions of non-majors. Method A total of 79 undergraduate students served as participants; 37 students were Communications Sciences and Disorders majors enrolled in an introductory-level course. The other 42 students were recruited from nutrition courses in the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences. All students were provided with a written definition of cluttering and also viewed a short segment of an educational video. Students then rated a person who clutters on a variety of speech skills and personality scales. Results Results revealed that the Communication Sciences and Disorders students rated a person who clutters as exhibiting a significantly more inappropriate speech rate than did the Family and Consumer Sciences majors. However, results revealed no significant group differences in ratings of any personality traits. Conclusions Findings do not support t...
Understanding the Factors That Influence Risk Tolerance Among Minority Women: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE To explore the factors that influence risk tolerance among women from different racial/ethnic groups. METHODS In-depth individual interviews of non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic women ages 20-45 years were conducted by a trained interviewer using a semi-structured interview guide to elicit the factors that influence risk tolerance among minority women. The interviews were audiotaped and professionally transcribed, with a final sample size of 36 determined by thematic saturation. The members of the research team used open coding to review and develop a list of codes, which was modified as new codes emerged. A final list of 35 codes was applied to the transcripts and combined into broader themes. RESULTS The study included 30.6% non-Hispanic African American, 33.3% non-Hispanic white, and 36.1% Hispanic women, with a mean ± SD age of 34.8 ± 6.8 years. Several major themes explaining risk aversion among minority women emerged: discrepancies in quality of health care, perceived prejudice, lack of knowledge and education, medication beliefs, risk perception, and constrained resources. The latter was discussed most frequently. CONCLUSION While our findings identify several concerns that may be addressed through implementation of more effective communication strategies by medical providers, they also highlight that disparities are strongly influenced by the complex ways financial and social constraints impact health care decisions of minority women.
Complex saddle trajectories for multidimensional quantum wave packet and coherent state propagation: Application to a many-body system

A practical search technique for finding the complex saddle points used in wave packet and coherent state propagation is developed which works for a large class of Hamiltonian dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom. The method can be applied to problems in atomic, molecular, and optical physics and other domains. A Bose-Hubbard model is used to illustrate the application to a many-body system where discrete symmetries play an important and fascinating role. For multidimensional wave packet propagation, locating the necessary saddles involves the seemingly insurmountable difficulty of solving a boundary value problem in a high-dimensional complex space, followed by determining whether each particular saddle found actually contributes. In principle, this must be done for each propagation time considered. The method derived here identifies a real search space of minimal dimension, which leads to a complete set of contributing saddles up to intermediate times much longer than the Ehrenfest timescale for the system. The analysis also gives a powerful tool for rapidly identifying the various dynamical regimes of the system.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes, Allylic Alcohols, Ketones, and Imines Using Molybdenum Cyclopentadienone Complexes

The molybdenum tetraphenylcyclopentadienone complex (C5Ph4O)Mo(CO)3(CH3CN) 1a is an effective precatalyst for the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes, allylic alcohols, ketones, and imines under mild conditions with either 2-propanol or formic acid as reducing reagent. Mechanistic studies suggest that these molybdenum cyclopentadienone complexes can be reduced to the corresponding hydroxycyclopentadienyl Mo hydrides. These complexes, by virtue of the hydroxyl group on the cyclopentadienyl ligand, are more reactive and chemoselective than the analogous cyclopentadienyl molybdenum complexes for the reduction of ketones, aldehydes, and imines.
The Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation: An Overview

Economic contributions of investments of transport infrastructure are typically assessed from a microeconomic perspective, which tries to identify the link between specific transport infrastructure improvements and the productivity of specific production units. The traditional economic tool of the microeconomic perspective is cost benefit analysis (CBA), an ex ante tool which tries to capture the benefits of time and cost savings --- as well as further gains from logistical improvements and facilities consolidation made possible by transport improvements --- and the associated costs including external costs. The objective of this Round Table sponsored by OECD / ECMT and Boston University is to identify and move towards methods which incorporate the wider economic benefits of transport infrastructure, not typically captured in the CBA estimates of benefits and costs. The aim of this brief paper is to offer an overview of such wider economic benefits ensuing from transport infrastructure investments.
Microdosimetry and Its Application to Biology

Among the various subspecialities of biology, radiobiology has attracted perhaps the most extensive interest of physicists. Some of the most fundamental contributions to radiobiology have been made by physicists and even engineers who became completely engrossed in the subject and its biological ramifications to such an extent that it is often not realized that they started their career in nuclear physics or electrical engineering.
The qualitative and quantitative crosslink chemistry of collagen matrices.

All normal mammalian collagen, whether it is from different fetal or mature tissues, exhibits the same physical chemical properties, such as shrinkage temperature, molecular weight, etc. Likewise, the protein fibrils, regardless of tissue origin, exhibit the same X-ray diffraction pattern and the same electron microscopic appearance. The amino acid compositions have characteristic contents, such as 1/3 glycine, approximately 1/3 imino acids, and in all, the combined hydroxylysine and lysine totals are the same. Some, however, vary in carbohydration and in the per cent of hydroxylation of the lysine; these hydroxylation variations are found in fetal tissues, mature bone and cartilage. In all cases, the collagen fibrils consist of collagen molecules arranged in a specific three dimensional array, although the collagen in the different tissues serve varied physiological functions. Despite the specific quarter-stagger configuration, another order of specificity might exist in each tissue collagen. This would direct the organization, packing and macromolecular stabilization (intermolecular covalent crosslinks) to specifically serve a tissue’s unique function.
Holographic diagnosis of lymphoma.

A holographic approach relying on small-molecule chromogens enables a rapid and inexpensive test for the accurate classification of aggressive lymphoma at the point of care.
Ultrafast Waveguiding Quantum Dot Scintillation Detector

Abstract Picosecond timing of energetic charged particles and photons is a challenge for many high-energy physics and medical applications. InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) embedded in GaAs matrix are expected to have unsurpassed scintillation properties. The advantages come from highly efficient energy conversion, as well as from fast electron capture and radiative recombination in QDs. We present design considerations and demonstration of an ultrafast, high photon yield room-temperature semiconductor scintillator. Due to the high refractive index of GaAs, the scintillator is fabricated in the form of a 20 μ m thick planar waveguide with an integrated InGaAs photodiode. QD luminescence of about 60% efficiency at room temperature has been shown, and modal attenuation stabilized at 1 cm−1. Scintillation responses from 5.5 MeV alpha particles show an extremely fast decay time of 280 ps, a collection efficiency of 11% and a time resolution of 60 ps. This data confirms the unique potential properties of this scintillation detector.
Influence on Smoothness in Penalized Likelihood Regression for Binary Data

Penalized likelihood is a nonparametric regression technique which can be used to estimate a mean function for binary data. We wish to measure the sensitivity of the smoothing parameter to gross changes in the data when the optimal value of the smoothing parameter is selected using generalized cross-validation. Since penalized likelihood curve fitting requires both a grid search to determine the optimal value of the smoothing parameter and iterative solution for each grid point, naive calculations to determine the change in the optimal value of the smoothing parameter when each data value is modified are computationally intensive and time-consuming. We have developed techniques based on mathematical and numerical approximations for measuring sensitivity in penalized likelihood regression with binary data. These techniques have been applied to selected data sets to compute change in the smoothing parameter resulting from changes in individual data values.
Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Emerging as a Global, Diversifying Threat

The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) includes common nosocomial pathogens capable of producing a wide variety of infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, including the recent emergence of resistance to last-resort carbapenems, has led to increased interest in this group of organisms and carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae complex (CREC) in particular. Molecular typing methods based on heat-shock protein sequence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, comparative genomic hybridization, and, most recently, multilocus sequence typing have led to the identification of over 1069 ECC sequence types in 18 phylogenetic clusters across the globe. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics, moreover, have facilitated global analyses of clonal composition of ECC and specifically of CREC. Epidemiological and genomic studies have revealed diverse multidrug-resistant ECC clones including several potential epidemic lineages. Together with intrinsic β-lactam resistance, members of the ECC exhibit a unique ability to acquire genes encoding resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including a variety of carbapenemase genes. In this review, we address recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant E. cloacae complex, focusing on the global expansion of CREC.
Bandgap prediction by deep learning in configurationally hybridized graphene and boron nitride

It is well-known that the atomic-scale and nano-scale configuration of dopants can play a crucial role in determining the electronic properties of materials. However, predicting such effects is challenging due to the large range of atomic configurations that are possible. Here, we present a case study of how deep learning algorithms can enable bandgap prediction in hybridized boron–nitrogen graphene with arbitrary supercell configurations. A material descriptor that enables correlation of structure and bandgap was developed for convolutional neural networks. Bandgaps calculated by ab initio calculations, and corresponding structures, were used as training datasets. The trained networks were then used to predict bandgaps of systems with various configurations. For 4 × 4 and 5 × 5 supercells they accurately predict bandgaps, with a R2 of >90% and root-mean-square error of ~0.1 eV. The transfer learning was performed by leveraging data generated from small supercells to improve the prediction accuracy for 6 × 6 supercells. This work will pave a route to future investigation of configurationally hybridized graphene and other 2D materials. Moreover, given the ubiquitous existence of configurations in materials, this work may stimulate interest in applying deep learning algorithms for the configurational design of materials across different length scales.
Inhibition of the adherence of T-lymphocytes to epithelial cells by a cyclic peptide derived from inserted domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Tissue inflammation is characterized by aggravated leukocyte infiltration into the sites of inflammation. The mechanism requires the interactions of leukocyte adhesion-molecules and their ligands in the inflamed tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that a cyclic peptide cLAB.L [cyclol, 12-PenlTDGEATDSGC], derived from the "inserted" or I-domain of LFA-1 is able to inhibit the adherence of T-lymphocytes to the epithelial cell monolayers. This inhibition has been thought to involve the disruption of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. The heterotypic adhesion of phorbol ester-activated Molt-3 cells and IFN-gamma-induced Caco-2 monolayers was inhibited upon treatment of the monolayers with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to adhesion molecules or with cLAB.L peptide. The adhesion can be inhibited by MAbs to ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and VCAM-1, and cLAB.L peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. However, none of the individual uses of these molecules led to a total inhibition. The inhibitory activity of cLAB.L is greatly reduced by low temperature and the absence of cell activation. Treatment of cLAB.L peptide may trigger an early event of apoptosis on activated but not on non-activated Molt-3 cells; no indication of peptide-induced apoptosis was found on Caco-2 cells. Taken together, data from this work suggest that cLAB.L may have applications to direct cell-targeted delivery during tissue inflammation.
Mutism and Feminine Silence: Gender, Performance, and Disability in Epicoene

This chapter examines the slippage of language in the early modern period between muteness and silence in women; between cognitive, psychological, and linguistic impairments and ideal feminine behavior. First, by considering two accounts of early modern women, Martha Hatfield and Elinor Channel, who experienced what we now may call selective mutism or dumbness, this chapter argues that these narratives articulate a connection between incidents of mutism and didactic accounts of virtuous women’s elective silence. The chapter then looks at Ben Jonson’s play Epicoene, which uniquely presents how female silence and female muteness overlap in considerations of feminine performance in the early modern period. Examining the intersection of female mutism and female silence allows us to consider the richly varied experiences and expectations of women in the early modern period and how their narratives are often framed by male interlocutors, and permits us to see where moments of subversion, contradiction, and resistance open up space for women to communicate their own messages and challenge these narratives.
A Novel Natural Autoantibody Targeted Complement Inhibitor Protects against Lung Transplant Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and severe lung parenchyma damage that is in part driven by autoimmunity. Lung specific autoreactive antibodies (AAb) are indicative of disease progression and severity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate how pre-existing AAb contribute to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and graft rejection following lung transplant (LTx). We hypothesize that pre-existing AAb bind cryptic antigens exposed during IRI which exacerbates lung graft injury in a complement (C)-dependent pathway. Methods We generated a clinically relevant cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mouse model that exhibits increased serum AAb compared to non-smoke exposed age-matched (NS) controls. We analyzed the impact of a full pre-existing AAb repertoire by creating an orthotopic syngeneic left lung LTx model in which we transplanted the left lungs from age-matched donor mice into NS and CS mice. Furthermore, we developed a novel bifunctional inhibitor that blocks IgM binding and inhibits complement. Results CS exposure significantly increased graft injury and immune infiltration 48 hours after LTx. Syngeneic LTx into Rag−/- mice reconstituted with serum from NS and CS mice demonstrated that AAb present in CS are responsible for the observed graft injury. Immunofluorescent staining showed that IgM/IgG binding was increased in CS recipients and colocalized with C3d deposition. These data suggested that AAb-mediated graft injury may occur via the C pathway. To elucidate the role of C in AAb-mediated graft injury, we treated CS LTx recipients with a novel bifunctional C inhibitor, C2scFv-Crry, that blocks IgM binding and C activation. C2scFv-Crry treatment following LTx dramatically reduced acute graft injury and immune infiltration, and significantly decreased de novo AAb production compared to CS control LTx mice. Conclusion Ultimately, these data reveal that CS induces pre-existing AAb production that exacerbate IRI following LTx in a C-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel C inhibitor in reducing IRI and acute graft injury.
Antileukemic effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor α in vitro and its modulation by α and γ interferons

The effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor α(rTNF-α) on human myelogenous leukemia clonogenic cells growing either in semisolid media or in suspension cultures was studied and compared with the effect on normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GM-CFC). Exposure of cells to a range of rTNF-α doses including pharmacologically achievable plasma concentrations revealed a large heterogeneity in the response of leukemic clonogenic growth to rTNF-α. Only one of 13 specimens was highly resistant to rTNF-α. Eight of ten leukemic samples were significantly more sensitive than were normal GM-CFC, particularly within the in vivo achievable dose range (1 x 100 to 1 x 102 ng/mL). No significantly increased inhibition of either normal or leukemic clonogenic growth could be achieved by increasing the rTNF-α concentration above 250 ng/mL. Proliferation of leukemic clonogenic cells (L-CFC) was studied in suspension cultures. In five cases the clonogenic cells were significantly inhibited by rTNF-α while in one case no inhibition was observed. The inhibition of L-CFC growth by rTNF-a was dose dependent between 1 x 100 and 1 x 102 ng/mL. In suspension cultures, the TNF effect on L-CFC was a function of time of exposure, particularly with low concentrations of TNF. A remarkably higher inhibition of L-CFC as compared with the total leukemic population was observed in suspension cultures. Stimulation of L-CFC growth by rTNF-α was not observed. Normal GM-CFC were inhibited by α and γ interferons (INF-α, -γ) in a dose-related manner, with higher sensitivity of colonies than clusters. The response of GM-CFC to combination of recombinant IFNs and TNF was influenced by the size of clones scored and the source of colony-stimulating activity. The response of L-CFC to recombinant IFN-α and/or —γ was highly variable, and sensitivity to one of the lymphokines did not predict for sensitivity to another. The response of L-CFC to combinations of rTNF-α and either IFN-α or IFN-γ was complex, varying from synergistic to additive and indifferent. In three of six specimens, IFN-γ acted antagonistically with rTNF-α, a phenomenon not observed with IFN-α. These observations suggest that the action of rTNF-α in acute myelogenous leukemia could be exploited therapeutically and the dose-time-response relationship should be considered in designing treatment schedules. The clinical use of combinations of rTNF-α with interferons must be evaluated carefully, both because of the observed antagonistic action of INF-γ and because of the ability of rTNF-α to induce production of hematopoietic growth factors. © 1988 by Grune & Stratton, Inc.
Introduction: Stakeholders and Science

It has become fashionable to include stakeholders in environmental ­decisions, yet this inclusion often takes the form of one-way communication that involves imparting information or assessing concerns and perceptions. While risk communication and perception analysis is important to the process, a consensus can be reached in many contentious situations by the wide inclusion of stakeholders in a process whereby they actually participate in problem formulation, data acquisition and analysis, and in the final decision making. This chapter provides an introduction to stakeholder involvement, defines stakeholders, provides a template for the different­ types of stakeholder involvement, and suggests approaches to improve stakeholder participation in environmental and energy-related issues. Stakeholder participation includes Community-based participatory research, another method or description of collaboration between researchers and communites.
Multi-Ethnic France: Immigration, Politics, Culture and Society

This second edition of Multi-Ethnic France spans politics and economics, social structures and cultural practices and has been updated to cover events which have occurred on the national and international stage since the first edition was published. These include: recent developments in the Banlieues, including the riots of 2005 the growing visibility of sub-Saharan Africans in France's evolving ethnic mix the reverberations in France of international developments such as 9/11, the second Intifada and the Iraq Wars the renewed controversy over the wearing of the Islamic headscarf the development of anti-discrimination policy and the debate over 'positive discrimination'. Immigration is one of the most significant and persistent issues in contemporary France. It has become central to political debate with the rise, on one side, of Jean-Marie Le Pen's extreme right-wing party and, on the other, of Islamist terrorism. In Multi-Ethnic France, Alec G. Hargreaves unmasks the prejudices and misconceptions faced by minorities of Muslim heritage and lays bare the social and political neglect behind the riots of 2005. This second edition is fully updated, and includes a glossary and chronology, as well as a revised bibliography.
Rethinking the Chicano Movement

Introduction: Mexican Americanism and the Long Chicano Movement Chapter 1: A Growing Militancy: The Farm Workers in California and Political Activism in Texas Chapter 2: The New Urban Politics: Chicanos and The War on Poverty Chapter 3: Youth and the Campus: Chicano Students and Chicano Education Chapter 4: News and the Movement: Newspapers and Ideas in the Chicano Movement Chapter 5: Art and the Movement: Chicano Murals and Community Space Conclusion: Rethinking to Move Forward Bibliography
Exercise Echocardiography in Connective Tissue Disease

In this issue of the Journal , Kusunose et al. [(1)][1] describe the use of exercise testing as a means of identifying connective tissue disease (CTD) patients at high risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH). Their most important finding was that individuals with greater exercise-related
Overview, Limitations, and Directions

There is little doubt that individuals with brain injuries constitute a significant segment of our health care population. Of growing concern is the percentage of these patients who are chronic and unresponsive to rehabilitative efforts. Hence, little question should exist as to the importance of addressing the concerns of this population. Traditionally, behavioral or psychological issues have almost always been considered nonexistent or unimportant in addressing brain injury. Fortunately, this erroneous and incomplete approach has evolved to include behavior and, thus, clinical neuropsychology (Puente, 1989).
77 Ketotic Hypoglycemia: The Effect of Beta-Hydroxy Butyrate |[lpar]||[beta]|-OHB|[rpar]| Infusion and Heparin-induced Ketosis

Cause and effect are implied in the term ‘ketotic jhypoglycemia’ used by COLLE and ULSTROM (J. Ped. 64: 632 [1964]) to describe a childhood syndrome of hypoglycemic convulsions associated with ketonuria. MADISON (J.clin. Invest. 43: 408 [1963]) showed a stimulatory effect of ketones on insulin secretion and postulated this as a feedback mechanism to prevent fatal ketosis. Two techniques to induce ketosis were used to study patients with ketotic hypoglycemia: 1. β-OHB was infused intravenously during a 2 to 6 hour period; 2. Heparin was injected intramuscularly to promote lipolysis. Patients fasted throughout the test period. The response of patients and control subjects was compared to a control day when no heparin was given. Blood sugar (BS), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketones were measured. β-OHB caused a slow decline in BS at a rate more rapid than with starvation alone. Insignificant increases in IRI (x9 μU) within 60 minutes were seen in 3 patients whereas the values of a control subject rose 65 μU within 20 minutes. Patient's values remained low throughout the test period in spite of progressively increasing ketosis. After the initial rise and fall, IRI slowly increased in the control subject at the 4th, 5th and 6th hours of infusion.
Amorphous silicon-germanium alloy multilayers for solar cells

The perpendicular transport of electrons and holes in a-Si:H,F/a-SiGe:H,F multilayers is reported. Particular emphasis is placed on a-SiGe:H,F layers with low (E/sub opt/ or approximately=300 AA) periods, the transport properties are improved beyond the baseline values. At short periods the transport properties are improved above the first-order behavior by a reduction in the density of recombination centers. At long periods the transport properties are improved by an effect whose nature is not understood at present. >
Chauncy Dennison Harris (1914-2003)

Chauncy Harris was an important pioneer in economic and urban geography, a renowned leader among Americans studying the Soviet Union, and the world's foremost authority on geographical bibliography...
Informational-motivational components of a model's demonstration.

Abstract The effects of the informational and motivational components of a model's demonstration on motor performance were investigated. A secondary aim was to examine the effects of observer sex on observational learning. Male and female fifth- and sixth-grade students (N = 80) were compared under four conditions comprising the presence or absence of informational and/or motivational cues using the Bachman ladder-balance task. Access to informational cues was manipulated by means of a model demonstration. Motivational cues consisted of a model providing subjects with verbal knowledge of results (KR) of model's prior task performance. Results of the Sex × Informational Cues × Motivational Cues (2 × 2 × 2) ANOVA indicated that males had higher average performance scores than females. These differences, however, did not appear to be due to greater modeling by males. Subjects receiving a model demonstration had higher performance scores than subjects not given a model demonstration. The results were interpre...
Information Acquisition in a Limit Order Market

We model endogenous information acquisition in a limit order market for a single financial asset. The asset has a common value; in addition, each trader has a private value for it. Traders randomly arrive at the market, after choosing whether to purchase information about the common value. They may either post prices or accept posted prices. If a trader's order has not executed, he randomly reenters the market, and may change his previous order. The model is thus a dynamic stochastic game with asymmetric information. We numerically solve for the equilibrium of the trading game, and characterize equilibria with endogenous information acquisition. Over a range of information acquisition costs, the game exhibits a prisoner's dilemma - all agents, including those who acquire information, are worse off. Agents with the lowest intrinsic benefit from trade have the highest value for information and also tend to supply liquidity. As a result, market observables such as bid and ask quotes, in addition to transaction prices, are informative about the common value of the asset. Adverse selection is important for individuals (agents have lower payoffs when uninformed), but in the aggregate it has little effect on investor surplus, unless gains to trade are small. Comparisons to a frictionless benchmark show that the limit order market is effective at consummating trade and generating consumer surplus, even in the presence of asymmetric information.
Experiences Using Domain Specific Techniques within Multimedia Software Engineering

Domain specific techniques take advantage of the commonalities among applications developed within a certain domain. They are known to improve quality and productivity by incorporating domain knowledge and previous project experiences and promote reuse. This paper describes six domain specific software engineering techniques for developing multimedia applications within the digital library domain. We provide examples of each technique from several projects in which they were used, how the techniques are used within general software engineering practice (in particular, MBASE), how the techniques address some of the particular challenges multimedia software engineering, and the positive impacts we have measured resulting from their use within a graduate level software engineering course.
Materials and microfabrication processes for ARROW-based optofluidic biosensors

This paper outlines the microfabrication processes and materials used to make an optofluidic lab-on-a-chip biosensor that detects individual biological particles. The biosensor uses a hollow-core ARROW waveguide with a low refractive index liquid core and is fabricated on a silicon wafer using a combination of PECVD deposition, RIE etching, and standard photolithographic processes. As a sensing example, detection of fluorescence signals emitted by labeled oligonucleotides inside the liquid core was used to illustrate the chip's potential to identify protein-coding regions of the Zaire Ebola virus genome.
Breakdowns of eye movement control toward smoking cues in young adult light smokers.

Abstract Background Many studies suggest that dependent smokers have a preference or attentional bias toward smoking cues. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of infrequent non-dependent light smokers to control their eye movements by look away from smoking cues. Poor control in the lightest of smokers would suggest nicotine cue-elicited behavior occurring even prior to nicotine dependency as measured by daily smoking. Methods 17 infrequent non-dependent light smokers and 17 lifetime non-smokers performed an antisaccade task (look away from suddenly appearing cue) on smoking, alcohol, neutral, and dot cues. Results The light smokers, who were confirmed light smokers and non-dependent (M Faegerstrom Dependency Score = 0.35), were significantly worse at controlling their eye movements to smoking cues relative to both neutral cues (p Conclusions These data suggest that prior to developing clinical symptoms of severe dependence or progressing to heavier smoking (e.g., daily smoking), the lightest of smokers are showing a specific deficit in control of nicotine cue-elicited behavior.
Radium concentration factors and their use in health and environmental risk assessment

Produced waters discharged to coastal and offshore waters can contain high levels of radium (Snavely, 1989). Radium is known to be taken up by aquatic animals, and tends to accumulate in bone, shell and exoskeleton. The biological uptake of radium by aquatic animals is of concern because of the potential for: (1) dose to aquatic animals from accumulated radium and the effects on individual animals, populations and ecosystems; and (2) increased cancer risk to people from ingestion of radium in food.
Babies get it right

Infants use a region on the right side of their brain to distinguish between human faces and objects.
Identification of Topical Entities in Discourse: a Connectionist Approach to Attentional Mechanisms in Language

This paper describes a connectionist network which uses surface features and minimal semantic information to identify topic entities within the framework of a simplified representation of the nominal expressions in written narrative discourse. This process is seen as an attentional function critical for interpreting subsequent text and understanding the discourse as a whole. The model also addresses pronoun resolution as a function of attentional state. Since topic entity selection depends heavily on sequentially presented semantic, syntactic and contextual information from the preceding narrative, the model develops an internal representation which incorporates the relevant features of past events in addition to useful features of the current input.
Effects of Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on Nerve Regeneration: Correlation of Electrophysiologic and Histochemical Parameters

This study was conducted to determine the effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on a cat neuropathy model using independent electrophysiologic and histochenical techniques. When the blinded codes used for each phase of the experiment were broken and the data examined by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient techniques, the group that received the pulse burst PEMF was significantly better than the others, p = 0.01. the electrophysiologic and histochemical data had a correlation coefficient of 0.83, P <0.01.
Semiparametric inference for the accelerated life model with time-dependent covariates

Abstract The accelerated life model assumes that the failure time associated with a multi-dimensional covariate process is contracted or expanded relative to that of the zero-valued covariate process. In the present paper, the rate of contraction/expansion is formulated by a parametric function of the covariate process while the baseline failure time distribution is unspecified. Estimating functions for the vector of regression parameters are motivated by likelihood score functions and take the form of log rank statistics with time-dependent covariates. The resulting estimators are proven to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal under suitable regularity conditions. Simple methods are derived for making inference about a subset of regression parameters while regarding others as nuisance quantities. Finite-sample properties of the estimation and testing procedures are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. An illustration with the well-known Stanford heart transplant data is provided.