cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Survey of Social Work Services in Pediatric Primary Care Programs in Urban Teaching Hospitals

Objective.— To determine the current status of social work presence in pediatric primary care clinics in urban teaching hospitals. Design.— Survey instrument mailed to the medical directors of outpatient pediatrics in the major pediatric teaching hospital of approved residency programs in the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Results.— Sixty responses (60%) were received. Eighty percent of practices reported having on-site social work services, with a median of 14,805 annual clinic visits per social work full-time equivalent. Ninety-five percent of respondents considered on-site social work services in pediatric primary care to be important, whereas half of respondents considered social work services "less than adequate" at their site, and most of these felt this inadequacy had led to additional hospital visits or other adverse outcomes. There were no significant associations of reported adequacy of social work services with any characteristics of hospital, practice, or population. Conclusion.— Pediatric primary care clinicians at teaching hospitals consider on-site social work services to be important, but most report these services are less than adequate in their practices, and for many, adequacy has declined.
Protecting Our Elders: An Interfaith Coalition to Address Elder Abuse

With baby boomers coming of age, the increasing life span of elders, and the unstable economic times, several experts have predicted that the incidence of elder abuse will escalate (Bonnie & Wallace, 2002; Podnieks & Wilson, 2005). To address this pressing challenge, innovative solutions—across different sectors—need to be developed. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview and results achieved through a partnership between two public-sector organizations and an interfaith coalition to prevent and report elder abuse. Interestingly, in addition to addressing elder abuse, the lives of the participants were enriched as they established new networks and developed greater respect for other faith traditions.
Corrections to the Kohn-Luttinger wave function for donors in silicon

Corrections to the Kohn-Luttinger ground state wave function from subsidiary minima are calculated using first order perturbation theory and a variational approach. The very precise Fermi contact constants ${a}_{hpf}({\mathbf{R}}_{nmm})$ of the Hale-Mieher data determine a set of linear equations based on donor-dependent ratios such as $\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{d}(\underset{}{333})\ensuremath{\mid}∕\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{d}(115)\ensuremath{\mid}={K}_{d}={[{a}_{hpf}(\underset{}{333})∕{a}_{hpf}(115)]}^{1∕2}$. The minima considered [${L}_{1}(\mathrm{cb}1)$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}}(\mathrm{cb}4)$, $\ensuremath{\Sigma}(\mathrm{cb}5)$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}W(\mathrm{cb}2)$, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}}(\mathrm{cb}5)$, and $XU(\mathrm{cb}2)$] are each characterized by an $A(\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{-}{\mathbf{k}}_{j})$, a phase ${e}^{i\mathbf{k}j\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{r}}$ and envelope functions ${F}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}j}$ $(\ensuremath{\alpha}=x,y,z)$. The ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{d}$ employed contains four terms not included in the comprehensive Ivey-Mieher (IM) calculation with pseudopotential Bloch functions for eight bands. Two terms arise from the crucial tetrahedral potential ${U}_{t}\ensuremath{\propto}xyzf(r)$ ignored in most earlier work. The admixture coefficients are varied subject to the three constraint equations to minimize the mean-squared deviations of the calculated and experimental ${a}_{hpf}(nnm)$ of the 11 odd sites identified by IM. The results are not only vastly improved (compared to IM) for site (111) but also reverse the IM assignments for (331) and (551). Some of the inverted donor anomalies are explained. The average root-mean-squared deviation ⟨rmsd⟩ for the 11 sites is better than the IM results for these odd sites. The results suggest that additional changes in the zeroth order ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\mathrm{KL}}$ may be required to improve the overall agreement. The uniaxial stress parameters ${i}_{d}$ and $2f∕a(0)$ are also reconsidered with some of the new corrections and compared with experimental values.
Targeting the endothelial progenitor cell surface proteome to identify novel mechanisms that mediate angiogenic efficacy in a rodent model of vascular disease.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote angiogenesis, and clinical trials suggest autologous EPC-based therapy may be effective in treatment of vascular diseases. Albeit promising, variability ...
Host modification on the skin allograft assay.

Abstract Proliferating T cells are necessary for an accelerated rejection of a skin allograft. Irradiation of the host will not alter the ability of sensitized cells to cause this accelerated rejection. Neither does host splenectomy have an effect on these cytotoxic cells. Only host treatment with carrageenan, a macrophage inhibitor, can abrogate the effect of these specifically sensitized cells.
Discussion of dynamic programming and linear programming approaches to stochastic control and optimal stopping in continuous time

This paper seeks to highlight two approaches to the solution of stochastic control and optimal stopping problems in continuous time. Each approach transforms the stochastic problem into a deterministic problem. Dynamic programming is a well-established technique that obtains a partial/ordinary differential equation, variational or quasi-variational inequality depending on the type of problem; the solution provides the value of the problem as a function of the initial position (the value function). The other method recasts the problems as linear programs over a space of feasible measures. Both approaches use Dynkin’s formula in essential but different ways. The aim of this paper is to present the main ideas underlying these approaches with only passing attention paid to the important and necessary technical details.
Colony-specific territorial pheromone in the African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille)

Major workers of Oecophylla longinoda mark their territories with persistent pheromones that are distinguishable to the ants at the colony level. Workers detecting the deposits of an alien colony respond with increased amounts of aversive and aggressive behavior, and they later recruit nestmates to the area at a higher rate. Colonies entering a field impregnated with their own scent also gain an initial advantage in warfare with other colonies. The pheromones are located at least in part in drops of rectal sac fluid deposited by workers over the territorial surface.
Analyzing cascading effects within infrastructure sectors for consequence reduction

Cascading effects of infrastructure failures from terrorist attacks or natural hazards can greatly increase the magnitude of impacts from a failure of any given infrastructure. Interdependencies among infrastructure sectors in part drive these effects. Capturing how interdependencies operate and heighten impacts to develop procedures and policies to improve recovery is less well understood. This paper first presents an accounting system to identify where interdependencies are likely to occur. Second, given interdependencies, ways to portray vulnerabilities from interdependencies and estimate magnitude with qualitative or integer scales are presented from prior research and event databases. The methodology to quantify interdependencies and associated cascades builds on work on electric power outages and impacts they had on other infrastructure, such as oil and natural gas, electricity, transportation, and water. The method can be used to analyze connections between restoration times and types of interconnections failed and alternative technologies to reduce impacts of cascades.
Alcohol and NMDA receptor: current research and future direction

The brain is one of the major targets of alcohol actions. Most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is mediated by NMDA receptors. However, one of the most devastating effects of alcohol leads to brain shrinkage, loss of nerve cells at specific regions through a mechanism involving excitotoxicity, oxidative stress. Earlier studies have indicated that chronic exposure to ethanol both in vivo and in vitro, increases NR1 and NR2B gene expression and their polypeptide levels. The effect of alcohol and molecular changes on the regulatory process, which modulates NMDAR functions including factors altering transcription, translation, post-translational modifications and protein expression, as well as those influencing their interactions with different regulatory proteins (downstream effectors) are incessantly increasing at the cellular level. Further, I discuss the various genetically altered mice approaches that have been used to study NMDA receptor subunits and their functional implication. In a recent countable review, epigenetic dimension (i.e., histone modification-induced chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, in the process of alcohol related neuroadapation) is one of the key molecular mechanisms in alcohol mediated NMDAR alteration. Here, I provide a recount on what has already been achieved, current trends and how the future research/studies of the NMDA receptor might lead to even greater engagement with many possible new insights into the neurobiology and treatment of alcoholism.
Ethically questionable research with children: the fenfluramine study

(2002). Ethically Questionable Research with Children: The Fenfluramine Study. Accountability in Research: Vol. 9, No. 3-4, pp. 143-166.
A meta-analysis of the effects of pesticides and fertilizers on survival and growth of amphibians

The input of agrochemicals has contributed to alteration of community composition in managed and associated natural systems, including amphibian biodiversity. Pesticides and fertilizers negatively affect many amphibian species and can cause mortality and sublethal effects, such as reduced growth and increased susceptibility to disease. However, the effect of pesticides and fertilizers varies among amphibian species. We used meta-analytic techniques to quantify the lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides and fertilizers on amphibians in an effort to review the published work to date and produce generalized conclusions. We found that pesticides and fertilizers had a negative effect on survival of -0.9027 and growth of -0.0737 across all reported amphibian species. We also observed differences between chemical classes in their impact on amphibians: inorganic fertilizers, organophosphates, chloropyridinyl, phosphonoglycines, carbamates, and triazines negatively affected amphibian survival, while organophosphates and phosphonoglycines negatively affected amphibian growth. Our results suggest that pesticides and fertilizers are an important stressor for amphibians in agriculturally dominated systems. Furthermore, certain chemical classes are more likely to harm amphibians. Best management practices in agroecosystems should incorporate amphibian species-specific response to agrochemicals as well as life stage dependent susceptibility to best conserve amphibian biodiversity in these landscapes.
DEET insect repellent: effects on thermoregulatory sweating and physiological strain

Insect repellents (e.g. N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide or DEET) applied to the skin can potentially interfere with sweat production and evaporation, thus increasing physiological strain during exercise-heat stress. The purpose was to determine the impact of 33% DEET lotion on sweating responses, whole body thermoregulation and thermal sensation during walking exercise in the heat. Nine volunteers (2 females, 7 males; 22.1 ± 4.9 years; 176.4 ± 10.0 cm; 79.9 ± 12.9 kg) completed 5 days of heat acclimation (45°C, 20% rh; 545 watts; 100 min/day) and performed three trials: control (CON); DEET applied to forearm (DEETLOC, 12 cm2); and DEET applied to ~13% body surface area (DEETWB,). Trials consisted of 30 min walking (645 watts) in 40°C, 20% rh environment. Local sweat rate (SR), onset and skin wettedness were measured in DEETLOC, and heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), RPE, and thermal sensations (TS) were measured during DEETWB. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between DEETLOC versus CON, respectively, for steady state SR (1.89 ± 0.44 vs. 2.09 ± 0.84 mg/cm2/min), SR area under the curve (46.9 ± 11.7 vs. 55.0 ± 20.8 mg/cm2), sweating onset, or skin wettedness. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in HR, Tre, Tsk, Physiological Strain Index, RPE or TS between DEETWB versus CON. DEET did not impact measures of local forearm sweating and when applied according to military doctrine, did not adversely impact physiological responses during exercise-heat stress. DEET can be safely worn during military, occupational and recreational activities in hot, insect infested environments.
Low total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with complex congenital heart disease after Fontan palliation.

Objective To test the hypothesis that patients with complex congenital heart disease who have undergone Fontan palliation have low total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Study design We retrospectively reviewed the random serum lipid profiles obtained at cardiology clinic visits between May 2010 and November 2011 in patients who had undergone the Fontan procedure. We compared these serum lipid levels against age- and sex-matched established normal data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results Eighty-eight patients who had undergone the Fontan procedure also had laboratory test data obtained during their visits. Median total cholesterol level in the Fontan group was 127 mg/dL (IQR, 116-144 mg/dL), median HDL-C was 40 mg/dL (IQR, 33-45 mg/dL), median non–HDL-C was 86 mg/dL (IQR, 76-109 mg/dL), and median LDL-C was 66 mg/dL (IQR, 57-83 mg/dL). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, non–HDL-C, and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in patients who had undergone a Fontan procedure compared with age- and sex-matched normal individuals (mean z-score, −1.4, −1.2, −1.0, and −1.0 respectively; all P Conclusion Patients who have undergone the Fontan procedure have significantly lower serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and non-HDL-C levels than age- and sex-matched normal individuals. Although the implications of this finding are unknown, it raises the possibility of abnormalities in cholesterol absorption, synthesis, or catabolism in this patient population.
History, causality, and sexology.

In 1896, Krafft‐Ebing published Psychopathia Sexualis. Popularly defined as hereditary weakness or taintedness in the family pedigree, degeneracy was called upon as a causal explanation for perversions of the sexual instinct. Although Krajft‐Ebing accepted Karl Ulrichs’ proposal that homosexuality could be innate and probably located in the brain, he paid little attention to neuropathological sexology. Alfred Binet challenged Krafft‐Ebing's orthodoxy by explaining fetishism in terms of associative learning, to which Krafft‐Ebing's response was that only those with a hereditary taint would be vulnerable. Thus did the venerable nature‐nurture antithesis maintain its rhetoric, even to the present day. Krafft‐Ebing died too soon to meet the Freudian challenge of endopsychic determinism, and too soon also to encounter the idea of a developmental multivariate outcome of what I have termed the lovemap. Like other brain maps, for example the languagemap, the lovemap requires an intact human brain in which to deve...
PIV Measurements of the Cross-Flow Velocity Field in the Near Wake of a Generic Pickup Truck

The cross-flow field (flow in planes normal to the direction of motion) in the near wake of a generic pickup truck is investigated experimentally using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The PIV measurements of the velocity field normal to the free-stream direction are carried out at four stream-wise locations behind the cab and the tailgate. The PIV data are processed to obtain the instantaneous velocity field, the mean and the turbulence properties of the flow. The instantaneous results in the near wake of the cab show various vortical structures. The mean velocity data shows that the flow moves from the sides toward the center of the bed near the tailgate. The velocity data in the near wake of the tailgate shows a pair of counter-rotating vortices that induces a downwash velocity field at the symmetry plane. This downwash promotes an attached flow behind the tailgate, thus generating a pressure recovery which leads to reductions in the total drag.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Scanning Probe Microscopy

This article describes new perspectives on SPM-related science and technology, based on systems and control theory. These perspectives have led to a better understanding of SPM technology, overcome hurdles that limited the efficacy of SPM, and resulted in new modes of SPM-based interrogation. ThNcAFM, based on systems principles, has made it possible to image with resolution as high as 0.25 Aring in ambient conditions. The orders-of-magnitude improvements achieved in areas such as precision positioning, sample imaging, and sample detection rates emphasize the potential of systems tools in nanotechnology. The concept of using models in online operation has significant potential for SPM. For instance, TF-AFM, which uses models for online operation, resolves competing objectives of high resolution and detection rate by using a design from a systems perspective that makes detection bandwidth independent of the quality factor of the probe and, therefore, independent of resolution. The systems perspective also facilitates the interpretation of data since it provides a precise means for delineating the effects of the inherent dynamics of the interrogation system from the properties of the sample being probed. Devices such as SPMs are sensitive to operating conditions, ambient conditions, and modeling inaccuracies. Modern control theory provides a framework where such challenges can be effectively addressed. This aspect translates to reliable experiments in terms of repeatability, which is crucial in many nanoscience studies.
Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: a meta-analysis

Abstract Study Objective To determine if the use of ultrasound guidance (vs non-ultrasound techniques) improves the success rate of nerve blocks. Design Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the published literature. Setting University medical center. Measurements 16 RCTs of patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were studied. Patients underwent ultrasound-guided or non-ultrasound techniques (nerve stimulation, surface landmark) for peripheral nerve blocks. Success rates were measured. Main Results Ultrasound guidance (vs all non-ultrasound techniques) was associated with a significant increase in the success rate of nerve blocks [relative risk (RR) = 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.17, P P = 0.0001]). For specific blocks, ultrasound guidance (vs all non-ultrasound) was associated with a significant increase in successful brachial plexus (all) nerve blocks (RR = 1.11 [95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20, P = 0.0001]), sciatic popliteal nerve block (RR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.39, P = 0.002]) and brachial plexus axillary nerve block (RR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.00 to 1.26, P = 0.05]) but not brachial plexus infraclavicular nerve block (RR = 1.25 [95% CI: 0.88 to 1.76, P = 0.22]). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block is associated with an increased overall success rate when compared with nerve stimulation or other methods. Ultrasound-guided techniques also increase the success rate of some specific blocks.
Signal processing and the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) offers much information useful to the signal processing community. Using the Web, information having a variety of different forms can be transferred in a cohesive fashion. The article describes the rudiments of accessing the Web and how to create your own information resources. The authors focus on signal processing resources and how the Web catalyzes signal processing research and development.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Induction of Keratinocyte Proliferation, NF-κB, and Cyclin D1 Is Inhibited by Indomethacin

NF-kappaB is activated during acute inflammatory states as well as in other injury response disease states. Several pathologic states in squamous tissue injury response are characterized by increased squamous proliferation. This study was performed to investigate the hypothesis that Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS is able to activate a proliferative phenotype in squamous cells via NF-kappaB induction and that this NF-kappaB-mediated response may be abrogated with the classic anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin. EMSA, luciferase reporter gene experiments, Western blots, and cellular proliferation assays were performed in normal and transformed human keratinocytes after stimulation with P. aeruginosa LPS. EMSA and luciferase reporter gene assays showed a 3- to 5-fold induction of active NF-kappaB in human keratinocyte cell lines after stimulation with P. aeruginosa LPS. The stimulation correlated with significantly increased cellular proliferation. As one potential mechanism for this increase in proliferation, an NF-kappaB-specific activation of cyclin D1 was observed. Both the NF-kappaB induction and proliferation response were inhibited with indomethacin and in dominant negative stable transfection clones. P. aeruginosa LPS activates proliferation of human keratinocytes, potentially through the induction of NF-kappaB and cyclin D1. These findings suggest that bacterial components can contribute to proliferative disease states in squamous epithelium through NF-kappaB activation.
Ownership and operating performance in an emerging market: evidence from Thai IPO firms

We examine the operating performance of Thai firms after they go public. Overall, we find that their performance declines. We then explore the relationship between managerial ownership and the change in firm performance. We find that firms with ‘low’ and ‘high’ levels of managerial ownership experience positive relationships between managerial ownership and the change in performance (alignment-of-interest hypothesis), while firms with ‘intermediate’ levels of managerial ownership exhibit a negative relationship between managerial ownership and the change in performance (entrenchment hypothesis). Examining the operating performance of IPO firms from an emerging market and finding a curvilinear relationship between managerial ownership and the post-IPO change in performance represents two significant contributions to the IPO literature.
Phenazopyridine and Aseptic Meningitis

Excerpt To the editor: We write to report the case of a patient who developed aseptic meningitis after taking phenazopyridine hydrochloride. A 56-year-old white man was hospitalized with acute onse...
Completely Reversed Acute Rejection Is Not a Significant Risk Factor for the Development of Chronic Rejection in Renal Allograft Recipients

Although acute rejection (AR) has been shown to correlate with decreased long-term renal allograft survival, we have noted AR in recipients who subsequently had stable function for more than 5 years. We reviewed 109 renal graft recipients with a minimum of 1 year graft survival and follow-up of 5–8 years. Post-transplant sodium iothalamate clearances (IoCl) measured at 3 months and yearly thereafter were used to separate recipients into 2 groups. In 61 patients (stable group), there was no significant decrease ( > 20 % reduction in IoCl over 2 consecutive years) in IoCl. Forty-eight patients had significant declines in IoCl (decline group). Groups were compared for incidence, severity, timing, and completeness of reversal of AR. Rejection was considered completely reversed if the post-AR serum creatinine (Scr) returned to or below the pre-AR nadir Scr after antirejection therapy. The incidence of AR was not significantly different between groups (47 % vs 52 %). A trend toward a lower mean number of AR episodes per patient was noted in the stable group (0.69 vs 1.04, P = 0.096), but the timing of AR was not different. Steroid-resistant AR occurred in approximately 25 % of both groups. A striking difference was seen in complete reversal of AR, with the stable group having 100 % (42/42 episodes of AR in 29 patients) complete reversal whereas only 32 % (8/25) of the patients in the decline group had complete reversal (P < < 0.001). Of 8 declining patients with complete reversal, graft loss was due to chronic rejection (CR) in only 3. Seventeen declining patients had incomplete reversal of AR, and 82 % (14/17) lost their grafts to CR. Overall, only 8 % (3/37) of the recipients with complete reversal of AR developed CR. No patients with incompletely reversed AR had stable long-term function as measured by IoCl. AR is not invariably deleterious to long-term renal graft function if each episode of AR can be completely reversed.
Service Learning and Simulations

Both service learning and simulations have been shown to positively impact student outcomes, but they are not often used together. This article examines how to effectively combine these active learning styles to reap the benefits of both. After examining a case in which the two were combined and the impact this approach had on student evaluations and learning outcomes, I discuss how such projects can be successfully executed in a variety of other classes.
Amperometric choline biosensor fabricated through electrostatic assembly of bienzyme/polyelectrolyte hybrid layers on carbon nanotubes.

We report a flow injection amperometric choline biosensor based on the electrostatic assembly of the choline oxidase (ChO) enzyme and a bienzyme of ChO and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. These choline biosensors were fabricated by immobilization of enzymes on the negatively charged MWCNT surface through alternately assembling a cationic poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) layer and an enzyme layer. Using this layer-by-layer assembling approach, a bioactive nanocomposite film of PDDA/ChO/PDDA/HRP/PDDA/CNT (ChO/HRP/CNT) and PDDA/ChO/PDDA/CNT (ChO/CNT) was fabricated on the GC surface. Owing to the electrocatalytic effect of carbon nanotubes, the measurement of faradic responses resulting from enzymatic reactions has been realized at low potential with acceptable sensitivity. The ChO/HRP/CNT biosensor is more sensitive than the ChO/CNT one. Experimental parameters affecting the sensitivity of biosensors, e.g., applied potential, flow rate, etc., were optimized and potential interference was examined. The response time for this choline biosensor is fast (few seconds). The linear range of detection for the choline biosensor is from 5.0 × 10−5 to 5.0 × 10−3 M and the detection limit is about 1.0 × 10−5 M.
Leadership in Teaching: Using Student Perspectives on Administration, Supervision and Private Practice

Clinical supervision is recognized as a distinctive area of practice and expertise, yet professional preparation in this area remains inadequate. This paper presents functional information describi...
Immunizing Foreign Exchange Contracts Against Swap Rate and Volatility Risks

Swap rate risk, also called the problem of' “maturity gaps,” originates from foreign currency holdings whenever the involved contracts have differing maturities. Such differing maturities give rise to a sensitivity of the portfolio values with respect to the “swap rate,” or differential between the relative interest rates in two countries. Volatility risk, which typically affects only currency contracts having asymmetric payoffs (such as currency options), gives rise to a sensitivity of portfolio values with respect to changes in the exchange rate volatility. In this article we show how currency portfolios may be immunized, or made insensitive, to both swap rate risk and volatility risk, in the sense of Macaulay's (1938) classical treatment of interest rate risk. The European currency option contract is the primary subject of our discussion, since we show that both ordinary forward contracts and other complicated currency contracts are equivalent to suitable combinations of European currency options.
Androgen induction of urokinase gene expression in LNCaP cells is dependent on their interaction with the extracellular matrix

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in tissue remodeling and cell invasion. In the present study, we examined the expression of uPA in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3. In contrast to DU-145 and PC-3, the androgen-responsive cell line LNCaP does not express uPA. However, seeding LNCaP cells on fibronectin-coated plates stimulated a low level of uPA expression which was further induced upon exposure of the cells to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Concomitant with the expression of uPA, an androgen-regulated expression of uPA receptor (uPAR) was induced. These results suggest that the interaction of LNCaP cells with the extracellular matrix plays a dominant role in the androgen control of uPA and uPAR gene expression.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Chiral Rhenium N‐Pyrrolyl Complexes Regiochemistry of Electrophilic Addition and Unprecedented Rearrangements to Carbon‐Ligated Species

Reaction of [{Re}(OTf)] (1; {Re} — (η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3) and potassium pyrrolide gives the N-pyrrolyl complex 2, 88%). Reactions of 2 with (CF3CO)2O/N(C2H5)3 and CH3O2CC=CCO2CH3 give 3- and 2-substituted pyrrolyl complexes respectively (3, R/R′ = H/COCF3, 77%; 5, R/R′ = C(CO2CH3)=CHCO2CH3/H, 69–87%). Free pyrrole is much less reactive towards these reagents. Reactions of 2 and TfOH or HBF4·OEt2 give the 2H-pyrrole adducts +X− (7+X−; 89–83%). At 0–25°C in CH2Cl2, these rearrange to the carbon-ligated tautomers +X−(8+X−) and then +X−; (9+X−; 72–96 h, 90–96%). Reaction of 1 and pyrrole in refluxing toluene gives 8+TfO− and then 9−TfO− (92%). However, 1 and pyrrole react too slowly in CH2Cl2 to be intermediates in the conversion of 7+TfO− to 9+TfO−. Reaction of 9+ TfO− and KH gives the C-pyrrolyl complex (68%), which adds TfOH to give 9+TfO−. Mechanistic aspects of the preceding reactions are discussed. The crystal structures of 2 and 9+TfO− are determined, and the NC4Hx ligand conformations analyzed with extended Huckel MO calculations.
A New Solution Method for Lifting Surfaces in Subsonic Flow

A simple method for calculating the unsteady aerodynamic loadings on harmonically oscillating thin wings in subsonic flow has been developed. The method is based on a concept of concentrated lift forces. The wing is divided into the element surfaces on which lift distributions are represented by single concentrated lift forces. Since the procedure does not include any quadratures, it can be applied easily to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic loadings on complex planform wings even when they have partial span control surfaces. Numerical calculations are carried out for various wing geometries and compared with other analyses and experiments.
MEMS based electronic circuit breaker as a possible component for and electrical ship

The electric navy ship is designed with a mesh network, where each loop requires fast circuit breaker. In effect, the mesh is a power distribution system, but unlike conventional electric utility distribution systems, the shipboard system has special reliability and low loss requirements. The fast development of the microelectromechanical switch has initiated the development of an electronic circuit breaker concept using MEMS switches. The building block is a switching unit, which includes a micro-switch shunted by a diode and a resistance. Several switching units are connected in series to form the switching string and several strings are connected in parallel to form the switching string assembly. A magnetic coil activates the switches. The circuit breaker contains two switching string assemblies connected in series. One interrupts the current in the positive half cycle and the other in the negative half cycle. The operation of the system was analyzed and a small scale proof of principle model has been built. This unit interrupts the circuit current within a half cycle and can be a future component of a shipboard, distribution class electronic circuit breaker.
Intermittent X-ray diffraction study of kinetics of delithiation in nano-scale LiFePO4

Using intermittent X-ray diffraction, an understanding of the time dependence of phase evolution in the electrode materials during lithium extraction can be determined. Phase evolution in both coated and uncoated nano-scale LiFePO4 samples upon chemical delithiation has been investigated by this technique. Different kinetic behaviors are observed in the two samples and the technique helps to understand the delithiation mechanism in the nano-scale LiFePO4 and is able to resolve phase evolution in seconds’
The temporal hormesis of drug therapies.

Recent publications in the field of asthma therapeutics and studies performed over the last decade in the treatment of chronic heart failure suggest a phenomenon called ‘temporal hormesis’. This phenomenon can be defined as the beneficial action of drug after chronic administration as opposed to its detrimental acute effects. Temporal hormesis may be related to the classification of the drug molecule as an agonist, antagonist or an inverse agonist. This phenomenon may be a more general principal applicable in the treatment of other diseases apart from asthma and chronic heart failure.
The Predictive Ability of Direct Method Cash Flow Information

This research examines the predictive ability of direct method cash flow information for firms that use the direct method in their cash flow statements. We use cross sectional and pooled time series regressions to predict operating cash flow data and assess relative predictive ability. Principal findings are: (1) past period direct method cash flow data predict future operating cash flow better than indirect method cash flow data; (2) past period direct method gross operating cash flows predict future net operating cash flow better than past period net operating cash flow; (3) measurement error exists in estimates of direct method operating cash flows from other financial statement data; (4) past operating cash flows predict future operating cash flows better than earnings and accruals.
Combustion and liquid scintillation determination of carbon-14 in biological samples.

Abstract A method for determination of carbon-14 in biological samples by combustion and subsequent liquid scintillation countings is described. Fifteen carbon-14 analyses can be performed in an hour with this procedure. The use of scintillation-vial absorption vessels allows the total activity of a sample to be counted, eliminating the need for close control of sample size, aliquoting, and/or transferring. Replicate samples can be determined within ± 4% of the mean.
Passive and active assistance for human performance of a simulated underactuated dynamic task

Machine-mediated training of dynamic task completion is typically implemented with passive intervention via virtual fixtures or active assist by means of record and replay strategies. During interaction with a real dynamic system however, the user relies on both visual and haptic feedback real-time in order to elicit desired motions. This work investigates human performance in a Fitts' type targeting task with an underactuated dynamic system. Performance, in terms of number of hits and between-target tap times, is measured while various passive and active control modes are displayed concurrently with the haptic feedback from the simulated system's own dynamic behavior. It Is hypothesized that passive and active assist modes that are implemented during manipulation of simulated underactuated systems could be beneficial in rehabilitation applications. Results indicate that human performance can be improved significantly with the passive and active assist modes.
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia

The variable results of positive-negative research with schizophrenics underscore the importance of well-characterized, standardized measurement techniques. We report on the development and initial standardization of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for typological and dimensional assessment. Based on two established psychiatric rating systems, the 30-item PANSS was conceived as an operationalized, drug-sensitive instrument that provides balanced representation of positive and negative symptoms and gauges their relationship to one another and to global psychopathology. It thus constitutes four scales measuring positive and negative syndromes, their differential, and general severity of illness. Study of 101 schizophrenics found the four scales to be normally distributed and supported their reliability and stability. Positive and negative scores were inversely correlated once their common association with general psychopathology was extracted, suggesting that they represent mutually exclusive constructs. Review of five studies involving the PANSS provided evidence of its criterion-related validity with antecedent, genealogical, and concurrent measures, its predictive validity, its drug sensitivity, and its utility for both typological and dimensional assessment.
Is Chaos theory relevant to reliability and survivability

This paper has three objectives. The discussion of reliability and Chaos in the general context of reliability theory, including the reliability of Wireless Sensors Network (WSN, e.g., a prognostics sensors network in a PHM system), constitutes the first objective of this paper. Specifically, replacing the constant failure rate model in traditional reliability theory with a time-variant failure function obtained a first-order nonlinear differential equation. This extended model has the exact mathematical form as the familiar Logistic Chaos map model in Chaos theory, which brings up an intriguing question: does Chaos, which is an innate behavior of the Logistic map, have any implication on system reliability? The second objective discusses the WSN reliability and survivability inspired by the analogical similarity between insect population and wireless sensor networks. From the perspective of physical organizations, an insect population (consisting of individuals with limited lifetimes) and a sensor network (consisting of sensor nodes powered by batteries of limited lifetimes) are very similar. Mathematically, the Logistic Chaos model, which was first discovered in the study of insect population dynamics, and our extension of the constant failure rate reliability model are essentially the same - both are the first order nonlinear differential (difference) equations. This suggests that the same model can be used to describe the reliability of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Insects apparently have evolved mechanisms to cope with the natural chaotic dynamics of their populations and avoid becoming extinct. The insect survival mechanisms may provide meaningful insights for managing a sensor network to maximize the network survivability. The third objective of this paper is to suggest that it is possible to take advantages from Chaos dynamics, for enhancing the security of wireless sensor networks. This is based on the recent advances in Chaos synchronization, which provides a simple, deterministic and computationally lightweight, nonlinear encoding/decoding methodology.
Liver abnormalities in the immunosuppressed

Abstract The immunosuppressed state may arise due to medical illness or drug therapy, which can result in a diverse array of liver derangements. This article discusses the commonly-encountered immunosuppressed conditions and the associated specific liver diseases. Due to the frequency of blood-borne viral disease globally, viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) during chemotherapy, transplantation and the increasingly utilised biological therapies for autoimmune disorders is discussed. An overview of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection with hepatitis B and C is provided. This article aims to highlight the variety of liver diseases which can occur in clinically relevant, particularly iatrogenic, immunosuppressed conditions, and summarise learning and practice points for clinicians. Recognition and prevention of viral liver disease is crucial and early involvement of experts prior to administration of immunosuppressive therapy is advised.
Childhood asthma in an urban community: Prevalence, care system, and treatment

Objectives: We describe the system of asthma care in Hartford, CT, an urban, minority community. Methods: The health field concept was used to organize factors influencing asthma prevalence and severity. Data were obtained from national, state, and municipal reports, and from surveys of children in Hartford seeking medical care in an asthma program called Easy Breathing. Results: Between June 1, 1998, and May 1, 2000, 21% of children receiving Medicaid in Hartford did not file a medical claim. Between 1998 and 2000, the number of providers in Hartford decreased by 37% while the number of outpatient visits increased by 8%. Using claims data, we found the following: 19.0% of Hartford children had asthma (data from the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, and the National Drug Code); and 12% of children with asthma filled a prescription for inhaled corticosteroid therapy, 83% for a bronchodilator, and 36% for an oral corticosteroid. Children with asthma were more likely to be hospitalized (10% vs 5%, respectively) and to visit an emergency department (45% vs 29%, respectively), and, on average, they had more hospital days (0.603 vs 0.415 days per child, respectively) and more outpatient visits per year (4.7 vs 2.5 visits, respectively) compared to children without asthma. Asthma prevalence in the 6,643 children surveyed in the Easy Breathing program was 41%. Persistent asthma was diagnosed in 50% of the children with asthma. Asthma prevalence varied by ethnic origin, age, and gender, and was highest in Hispanic/Puerto Rican children, in children 5 to 10 years of age, in boys up to 10 years of age, and in girls after 15 years of age. Conclusion: Improved personal behaviors and medical care will have a limited sustained impact on childhood asthma until basic environmental issues are modified. The health field concept provides a mechanism with which to address the issues surrounding asthma in urban communities. (CHEST 2002; 122:1571–1579)
How Biased is the Apparent Error Rate of a Prediction Rule

Abstract A regression model is fitted to an observed set of data. How accurate is the model for predicting future observations? The apparent error rate tends to underestimate the true error rate because the data have been used twice, both to fit the model and to check its accuracy. We provide simple estimates for the downward bias of the apparent error rate. The theory applies to general exponential family linear models and general measures of prediction error. Special attention is given to the case of logistic regression on binary data, with error rates measured by the proportion of misclassified cases. Several connected ideas are compared: Mallows's Cp , cross-validation, generalized cross-validation, the bootstrap, and Akaike's information criterion.
Study of variable-pitch wind turbine based on fuzzy control

First, the analysis of developing status of wind turbine control strategy has been made; Second, some mathematical models about aerodynamic parts are established according to the principle of the wind power generating units various parts. At the same time, some sub-modules of the wind turbine are established in MATLAB. At last, the control strategy based on Fuzzy controller is design and simulated by MATLAB/simulink. Both in the low wind speed and high speed the power output of the generator can quickly reached a stability (about 4s), which improve the control system respondent time.
FastHap: fast and accurate single individual haplotype reconstruction using fuzzy conflict graphs.

Motivation: Understanding exact structure of an individual’s haplotype plays a significant role in various fields of human genetics. Despite tremendous research effort in recent years, fast and accurate haplotype reconstruction remains as an active research topic, mainly owing to the computational challenges involved. Existing haplotype assembly algorithms focus primarily on improving accuracy of the assembly, making them computationally challenging for applications on large high-throughput sequence data. Therefore, there is a need to develop haplotype reconstruction algorithms that are not only accurate but also highly scalable. Results: In this article, we introduce FastHap, a fast and accurate haplotype reconstruction approach, which is up to one order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art haplotype inference algorithms while also delivering higher accuracy than these algorithms. FastHap leverages a new similarity metric that allows us to precisely measure distances between pairs of fragments. The distance is then used in building the fuzzy conflict graphs of fragments. Given that optimal haplotype reconstruction based on minimum error correction is known to be NP-hard, we use our fuzzy conflict graphs to develop a fast heuristic for fragment partitioning and haplotype reconstruction. Availability: An implementation of FastHap is available for sharing on request. Contact: ude.alcu.sc@hedipes
The Role of Inhibitory Control in Behavioral and Physiological Expressions of Toddler Executive Function

Abstract A total of 81 toddlers (24–27 months of age) participated in a biobehavioral investigation of inhibitory control. Maternal report measures of inhibitory control were related to laboratory tasks assessing inhibitory abilities under conditions of conflict, delay, and compliance challenge as well as toddler verbal ability. In addition, unique variance in inhibitory control was explained by task-related changes in brain electrical activity at lateral frontal scalp sites as well as concurrent inhibitory task performance. Implications regarding neural correlates of executive function during early development and a central organizing role of inhibitory processing during toddlerhood are discussed.
Surgical management of laryngomalacia : Update, 2000

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in children. This disease of excess tissue collapse most often does not require surgical correction. Surgery when necessary is best performed with the aid of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, delivered through a mirrored-arm micromanipulator- controlled system, while the supraglottis is exposed using a bivalved laryngoscope. This paper reviews the details of surgical technique used for the safe alleviation of airway distress due to larnyngomalacia.