cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined diet and exercise interventions can improve metabolic outcomes in obese children, even with only small changes in weight

Commentary on: Ho M, Garnett SP, Baur LA, et al. Impact of dietary and exercise interventions on weight change and metabolic outcomes in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA Pediatr 2013;167:759–68.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Obesity is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and certain forms of cancer. In the USA, approximately 34% of children aged 6–19 years of age are classified as ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’ (BMI >85th percentile).1 Unhealthy lifestyle factors begin in childhood and contribute to the development of obesity and other chronic diseases.2 One of the important current issues is the impact of lifestyle modification on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in relation to changes in body weight and body composition. Ho and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that compared diet with diet and exercise interventions … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BPediatr%26rft.volume%253D167%26rft.spage%253D759%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamapediatrics.2013.1453%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23778747%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.1453&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23778747&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F2%2Fe9.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000323551200014&link_type=ISI
The association between psychopathology and placebo analgesia in patients with discogenic low back pain.

Background. Chronic low back pain patients have a high rate of psychopathology, comprised mainly of depression, anxiety, and high levels of neuroticism. We previously found that psychopathology is associated with increased placebo analgesia in this patient group. Objective. To better understand this finding in the context of other known predictors of placebo response (such as expectations for relief), we performed a detailed analysis of expectations and other possible covariates. Design. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover-designed trial of intravenous morphine vs. placebo in 60 subjects with chronic low back pain and discogenic abnormalities. Patients were stratified into three groups of psychiatric symptom severity (Low, Moderate, and High), based on composite scores on depression, anxiety for pain, and neuroticism scales. Subjects were given intravenous morphine and placebo in random order on separate visits, and completed serial pain ratings over 3 h at each session. Results. With 20 subjects per group, there were small, but significant differences between groups in baseline pain ratings. No differences were found between groups in age, gender, and radicular pain. Patients with low psychological symptomatology reported 7.7% total pain relief with placebo compared with 23.4% in the Moderate group and 23.5% in the High group ( P < 0.05). Expectations were not significantly different between groups, but in the High group expectation levels predicted placebo analgesia ( P < 0.001). Neuropathic pain quality was also a predictor ( P < 0.05). Conclusions. This study indicates that high and moderate levels of psychopathology are associated with heightened placebo analgesia in chronic low back pain patients. Expectations were only an influence in the high psychopathology group, and neuropathic pain affects placebo responses. These findings have implications for future research characterizing placebo responders.
Electroacupuncture suppresses capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia through an endogenous spinal opioid mechanism

Central sensitization, caused either by tissue inflammation or peripheral nerve injury, plays an important role in persistent pain. An animal model of capsaicin-induced pain has well-defined peripheral and central sensitization components, thus is useful for studying the analgesic effect on two separate components. The focus of this study is to examine the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia, which represents central sensitization. Capsaicin (0.1%, 20 microl) was injected into the plantar side of the left hind paw, and foot withdrawal thresholds in response to von Frey stimuli (mechanical sensitivity) were determined for both primary and secondary hyperalgesia in rats. EA (2 Hz, 3 mA) was applied to various pairs of acupoints, GB30-GB34, BL40-BL60, GV2-GV6, LI3-LI6 and SI3-TE8, for 30 min under isoflurane anesthesia and then the effect of EA on mechanical sensitivity of paw was determined. EA applied to the ipsilateral SI3-TE8, but to none of the other acupoints, significantly reduced capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia but not primary hyperalgesia. EA analgesic effect was inhibited by a systemic non-specific opioid receptor (OR) antagonist or an intrathecal mu- or delta-OR antagonist. EA analgesic effect was not affected by an intrathecal kappa-OR antagonist or systemic adrenergic receptor antagonist. This study demonstrates that EA produces a stimulation point-specific analgesic effect on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia (central sensitization), mediated by activating endogenous spinal mu- and delta-opioid receptors.
Range estimation of tactical radio waveforms using Link Budget Analysis

Multiband tactical communication modems must employ different waveforms to meet various demands in quality and nature of data. Range maximization, high data throughput and power conservation requirements are usually not fulfilled by a single waveform. To effectively deliver tactical multimedia data including coded audio, text, video, map and navigation information using radio, multiple choice of frequency bands exist. These include: HF, VHF and UHF. However, along with the effective delivery of quality data, the maximization of transmission range under hostile propagation environments - especially under terrain blockage in ground-to-ground (GTG) communication scenario - is of utmost importance. This paper discusses the results of Link Budget Analysis performed for the estimation of maximum delivery range using variety of data rates for three typically different waveforms - High Frequency Waveform (HFW), Very High Frequency Waveform (VHFW) and OFDM based Wideband Network Waveform (WNW). Center frequencies of 27 MHz, 60 MHz, and 500 MHz respectively were used for the simulations. Results show that HFW produces the longest range, followed by VHFW and the WNW - which delivered the highest data rate.
Resolution of enzymes catalyzing energy-linked transhydrogenation. 3. Preparation and properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum transhydrogenase factor.

Abstract 1. A highly purified transhydrogenase factor (TH1) has been isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores by washing the membranes first with buffer containing 10 µm NADP+ under conditions in which TH1 remains bound, then with buffer lacking NADP+ resulting in the dissociation of TH1 from the membrane. 2. Purified TH1 stimulated the energy-linked reduction of NADP+ by NADH, the nonenergy-linked reduction of AcPyAD+ by NADPH, and the reduction of AcPyAD+ by NADH in the presence of chromatophores resolved with respect to these activities. TH1 did not catalyze these reactions independently of these resolved chromatophores. 3. The energy-linked reduction of NADP+ by NADH has been demonstrated to occur by the transfer of hydrogen without prior exchange to the medium from the 4A (nicotinamide) locus of NADH to the 4B (nicotinamide) locus of NADPH. This stereospecificity is identical with that found for the analogous mitochondrial reaction. 4. It is concluded that TH1 functions in the transfer of hydrogen between NAD(H) and NADP(H) in both the energy- and nonenergy-linked transhydrogenase reactions.
Electroencephalographic effects of benzodiazepines. I. Choosing an electroencephalographic parameter to measure the effect of midazolam on the central nervous system.

The goal of this investigation was to determine a numerical electroencephalographic parameter that best indicated the degree of the effect of midazolam, administered in hypnotic doses, on the central nervous system. This electroencephalographic parameter could then be used to relate midazolam plasma concentrations and electroencephalographic drug effect (pharmacodynamic modeling). Intravenous doses of midazolam (3.75 to 25 mg) were given to five men at an infusion rate of 5 mg/min. A cortical electroencephalogram was continuously recorded. Two waveform analysis approaches were examined: fast Fourier transformation and aperiodic analysis. From fast Fourier transformation and aperiodic analysis a set of parameters were examined as measures of drug effect. We conclude that the voltage per second from aperiodic analysis provided the electroencephalographic parameter that optimally measured the effect of midazolam on the central nervous system. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1990) 48, 544–554; doi:10.1038/clpt.1990.191
Computers and arrhythmias: computational approaches to understanding cardiac electrical dynamics

Heart disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. In the United States alone, cardiovascular disease affects about 68 million people, roughly 25% of the total population, from both sexes, and all races and ages, and costs an estimated $117 billion annually. It is currently believed that most dangerous cardiac arrhythmias are due to reentrant wave(s) of electrical activity. In particular, a single scroll wave of action potential can be associated with tachycardia, a rapid heart rhythm that often precedes fibrillation, which is associated with multiple scroll waves and is in general a lethal arrhythmia if it occurs in the ventricles. We present a computational approach used to understand the initiation and evolution of cardiac arrhythmias, which we believe, forms a necessary link between experiment and theory.
Violating the Mütter: Staging the Semiotics of Desire, or, Aspects of the Eternal‐Feminine in “Faust”

The following study seeks to isolate and define the violence of Faust's encounter with the Mutter through a nuanced investigation of the signifying practices governing Faust's first encounters with the other maternal figures prominent in the play, Helen and Gretchen. By problematizing the dichotomy between acting subject and impersonal linguistic processes during the sequence of Faust's ‘infatuations’ with the maternal-feminine, it is possible to discern the cause of violence against the Mutter and, subsequently, locate its textual manifestation in a mythological pre-figure in the ‘Walpurgisnacht’. What takes place between Faust and the Mutter may well exceed the phenomenal modes of dramatic representation involving intersubjective interaction on-stage, but is accessible to discursive elaboration sensitive to the limits and modes of representation. Interrogating the complexities of Faust's encounters alerts us to the semantic depth of the enigmatic designation the ‘Eternal-Feminine’.
Economic preferences and obesity among a low-income African American community

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the US, with a significantly higher fraction of African Americans who are obese than whites. Yet there is little understanding of why some individuals become obese while others do not. We conduct a lab-in-field experiment in a low-income African American community to investigate whether risk and time preferences play a role in the tendency to become obese. We examine the relationship between incentivized measures of risk and time preferences and weight status (BMI), and find that individuals who are more tolerant of risk are more likely to have a higher BMI. This result is driven by the most risk tolerant individuals. Patience is not independently statistically related to BMI in this sample, but those who are more risk averse and patient are less likely to be obese.
John Roberts on Hugo F. Sonnenschein

One of Hugo’s most lasting lessons for me was the crucial importance when doing theory of getting the foundations straight and strong. The paper that follows, “An Equilibrium Model with Involuntary Unemployment at Flexible, Competitive Prices and Wages” (Roberts 1987b), is an attempt to be careful about foundations in the context of a model of a whole economy. It grew out of work that Hugo and I had done a decade earlier.
TrendBlendz: how Splitarillos use marijuana flavours to promote cigarillo use

Trendsettah, Inc. is a cigar and cigarillo-producing company whose brands include Splitarillos cigarillos, Hood Wraps cigars, Blow vaporisers, Vsmoke e-liquids, as well as other brands.1 Trendsettah connects with its consumers through live entertainment, social media and experiential promotion, and is highly active on such social media sites as Twitter and Instagram.1 In addition it uses ‘most popular personalities in entertainment, sports, fashion and style,’ such as rappers Jadakiss, Boosie, and Chris Brown as spokespeople for its tobacco products.1 As part of the ‘experiential promotion’ the company employs a ‘fleet’ of promotional vans that distribute giveaways and advertise tobacco products in urban areas (figure 1). Figure 1 Splitarillos USA Instagram photos. Top row: Use of promotional vehicals to distribute giveaways and market Splitarillos in urban neighborhoods (left); Promotion of Loud, PurpleK, 18K Splitarillos flavour (right). Source: https://instagram.com/splitarillos_usa/ Bottom row: Promotion of Cali Green and Pineapple Express Splitarillos at the 2014 High Times Cannabis Cup (left) and the 2014 Chalice California (right). Source: …
Transforming Preprofessional Health Education Through Relationship-Centered Care and Narrative Medicine

ABSTRACTIssue: The Institute of Medicine identified health care education reform as a key to improving the error prone, costly, and unsatisfying U.S. health care system. It called for health care education that no longer focuses exclusively on the mastery of technical skills but teaches students the human dimensions of care and develops their ability to collaborate with patients and colleagues to alleviate suffering and improve health. When should this educational reform begin, by what frameworks should it be guided, and which methods should it employ are important questions to explore. Evidence: There is increasing evidence that practitioners' relational skills, such as empathy and reflection, improve patients' health outcomes. Efforts to shift education toward patient-centered care in interprofessional teams have been made at the professional level, most notably in medical schools. However, reform must begin at the preprofessional level, to start cultivation of the habits that support humane care as ear...
Clinical, nutritional and biochemical consequences of apolipoprotein B deficiency.

Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) was originally described 35 years ago (1) and to date approximately 100 patients have been recognized to have this inborn metabolic abnormality. We have continued to follow some 25 patients with the homozygous form of either ABL or hypobetalipoproteinemia. Our efforts are directed toward the clinical and biochemical evaluation of patients with particular stress on delineating changes in the neurological system, along with ocular changes, both retinopathy and opthalmoplegia. We have carefully documented the degree of neurological abnormality in these patients and have measured their adipose tissue levels of tocopherol (vitamin E). We have also continued to characterize the apolipoprotein and lipoprotein abnormalities in these patients. This report will stress a number of facets of the disease of ABL; these include published work of our own and others, and also reflect the work in progress in a number of areas, the most important of which is the recognition that the neurological abnormalities seen in ABL are a result of vitamin E deficiency and that these neurological abnormalities can be prevented by the oral administration of vitamin E from infancy and early childhood.
Number of appearances of events in random sequences: a new generating function approach to Type II and Type III runs

Distributions of runs of length at least k (Type II runs) and overlapping runs of length k (Type III runs) are derived in a unified way using a new generating function approach. A new and more compact formula is obtained for the probability mass function of the Type III runs.
The Development of a Tiered Personnel System in the Federal Government

At the beginning of the 1930s, professions had developed to the point where personnel directors could use the professional/nonprofessional distinction as a legitimate organizing principle in the construction of job ladders. The distinction existed at two levels. First, the personnel office recognized a distinction between the job tasks of professionals and non-professionals. Second, this distinction justified the requirement that applicants for professional positions have the appropriate university-level degree. Beginning in the 1930s, the question of whether office work should be similarly organized was debated in a serious way within the federal government. Later, in the years following World War II, the Civil Service Commission, working with federal agencies, constructed a system of job ladders for office work that increasingly resembled the tiered structure the government had created in the 1920s for scientific work.
Dynamically constructed (PO)MDPs for adaptive robot planning

To operate in human-robot coexisting environments, intelligent robots need to simultaneously reason with commonsense knowledge and plan under uncertainty. Markov decision processes (MDPs) and partially observable MDPs (POMDPs), are good at planning under uncertainty toward maximizing long-term rewards; P-LOG, a declarative programming language under Answer Set semantics, is strong in common-sense reasoning. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called iCORPP to dynamically reason about, and construct (PO)MDPs using P-LOG. iCORPP successfully shields exogenous domain attributes from (PO)MDPs, which limits computational complexity and enables (PO)MDPs to adapt to the value changes these attributes produce. We conduct a number of experimental trials using two example problems in simulation and demonstrate iCORPP on a real robot. Results show significant improvements compared to competitive baselines.
Abstract 138: High Salt Intake Augments Excitability of Pre-sympathetic PVN Neurons Through Dysfunction of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase

High salt (HS) intake sensitizes pre-sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) leading to augmented neuronal excitability. Recently, we reported that dysfunction of Ca2+ dependent K+ channels in the PVN contributes to HS intake induced sympathoexcitation. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a Ca2+ store and plays an important role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The ER Ca2+ ATPase is responsible for maintaining the high level of ER Ca2+ and loss of function would deplete the Ca2+ store contributing to the reduced activity of Ca2+ dependent K+ channels. We hypothesized that a 2% (NaCl) HS diet for 5 weeks would reduce function of the ER Ca2+ ATPase and augment excitability of PVN neurons with axon projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (PVN-RVLM) identified by retrograde label. In whole cell current-clamp recordings from PVN-RVLM neurons, graded current injections evoked graded increases in spike frequency. Maximum discharge was evoked by +200 pA injections and averaged 22±2 Hz (n=6) in normal salt (NS) control and was significantly augmented (p 0.05 vs NS). Our data indicate that a HS diet reduces ER Ca2+ ATPase activity and augments excitability of PVN-RVLM neurons in vitro. Altered ER Ca2+ homeostasis may contribute to sympathoexcitation through loss of Ca2+ dependent K+ channel activity in the PVN.
Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Red Sea reef Al Fahal (Saudi Arabia) with the description of a new species

A new species of Ampharetidae, Amphicteis fiegei sp. nov., is described from the Red Sea reef Al Fahal off Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. It is characterized by the possession of prominent nuchal ridges that are elevated from the prostomium, relatively short paleae, which are few in numbers (five on each side), and transverse rows of cilia in one of its branchial pairs. Furthermore, Samytha storchi Reuscher & Wehe in Wehe, 2009 is recorded for the first time since its original description.
It's All Old News: Using News Databases in the Practice of Law

Describes the use of local newspaper databases in researching the law and the background to legislation.
Fringe Benefits: Adding Rugosity to the Urban Interface in Theory and Practice

By fusing land-use theory from urban and rural development, this work builds a new theory based on the urban perimeter as a functional interface important to the health of both urban and rural lands. This new theory has its antecedents in biophysical sciences where studies on structural complexity offer insight into metabolism, growth, and resilience. For example, the structural complexity of a coral reef’s surface is an important indicator of growth and resilience for the reef itself as well as the many organisms that depend upon it. This work concludes with a research and practice agenda allied with the field of ecology.
Gender by Dasein? A Heideggerian critique of Suzanne Kessler and the medical management of infants born with disorders of sexual development.

This article explores the relationship between gender, technology, language, and how infants and children born with disorders of sexual development are shaped into intelligible members of the community. The contemporary medical model maintains that children ought to be both socially and surgically assigned and reared as one particular gender. Gender scholar Suzanne Kessler rejects this position and argues for the acceptance of greater genital variability through the use of language. Using a Heideggerian lens, the main question I seek to answer in this article is: does Kessler’s approach succeed in its aim to better treat individuals born with disorders of sexual development? I argue that Kessler is successful in offering practical solutions for persons with intersexed conditions to exist and flourish as intelligible members of the community, but that her project ultimately relies on power to “challenge forth” greater acceptance of genital variance. Building on the work of Kessler and Heidegger, I argue that a better approach to making intelligible the existence of an infant born with a disorder of sexual development is not to rely on the manipulation of language, but to instead reinvigorate a sense of the sacred in response to having an intersex condition.
Data collection and upload under dynamicity in smart community Internet-of-Things deployments

Abstract The Internet of Things has enabled new services to communities in many domains, e.g. smart healthcare, environmental awareness, and public safety. These services require timely and accurate event delivery, but such in-situ deployments are often limited by the coverage of sensing/communication infrastructures. In this paper we develop effective, scalable, and realistic data collection and upload solutions using mobile data collectors in community IoT systems. Specifically, we address the optimized upload planning problem, i.e. determine the optimal schedule for communication to enable timely data delivery under dynamicity in network connectivity, data characteristics/heterogeneity, and mobility. We develop a two-phase approach and associated policies, where an initial upload plan is generated offline with prior knowledge of networks and data, and a subsequent runtime adaptation alters the plan under multiple dynamics. To validate our approach, we designed and built SCALECycle, our mobile data collection platform, and deployed it in real communities in Rockville, MD and Irvine, CA. Measurements from these testbeds are used to drive extensive simulations. Experimental results indicate that compared with opportunistic operation, our two-phase approach using a judicious combination of policies can result in 30%–60% improvement in overall data utility, 30% reduction in collection delays, along with greater resilience to dynamicity and improved scalability.
On-line for gauge control of calendering process

Abstract For a calendered polymer sheet, it is desirable that all types of shape defects, especially nonuniform gauge and improper layflatness, can be avoided. In general, shape defects arise mostly from inappropriate control of the bending behavior of the calendering rolls. To assist in control of the roll bending behavior, an analytical on-line model that simulates the face contour of the bent roll with or without roll bending systems has been developed. The roll bending system adjusts the roll profile by applying an external bending moment to both ends of the roll. The roll deflection is calculated using a modified beam theory for the bending and shear components as well as the Poisson effect. The polymeric flow pressure developed in the bite region is estimated based on the classical lubrication approximation utilizing the power law constitutive relationship. Analytical solutions are obtained to speed up the computation. The analytical model, therefore, is compact enough to be implemented on a personal- or micro-computer and also fast enough for on-line simulation or control. Good agreement has been found when the present solution is compared with other published results and on-line measurements.
Investigating Ankle Injury Mechanisms in Offset Frontal Collisions Utilizing Computer Modeling and Case-Study Data

A significant number of documented ankle injuries incurred in automobile accidents indicate some form of lateral loading is present to either cause or influence injury. A high percentage of these cases occur in the absence of occupant compartment intrusion. To date, no specific ankle injury mechanism has been identified to explain these types of injuries. To investigate this problem several resources were used including full scale crash test data, finite element models, and case study field data. Results from car-to-car, offset frontal crash tests indicate a significant lateral acceleration (10-18 g) occurs at the same time as the peak in longitudinal acceleration. The combined loading condition results in a significant lateral force being applied to the foot-ankle region while the leg region is under maximum compression. The effects of this combined loading on the human lower limbs were investigated using a combined finite element model of the human lower limbs and a Hybrid III dummy. Results indicate that a potential exists for lateral ankle injury in the eversion mode. Maximum sub-talar rotations were as high as 43 degrees for the 50th percentile male and 53 degrees for the 5th percentile female. It was also determined that this mode of injury is not detectable with the current lower limbs of the Hybrid III dummy.
Leavable Gambling Problems

Let Γ be a gambling house defined on the countable state space S and let u be a real-valued function on S. The function u is the player’s utility function and, for each x ∈ S, u(x) represents the worth or utility to the player of the state x.
Using the Palliative Performance Scale to Estimate Survival for Patients at the End of Life: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background: The Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) has been widely used for survival prediction among patients with cancer; however, few studies have reviewed PPS scores in heterogeneous p...
Healthy Eating on a Budget: A Lesson in Frugality.

This article describes a learning activity designed to foster practical healthy eating skills while living on a budget.
The Impact of Donor and Recipient Age: Older Lung Transplant Recipients Do Not Require Younger Lungs

Background Lung transplantation for patients with end-stage lung disease continues to grow worldwide. Increasing demand for this therapy generates significant waitlist mortality, indicating that alternative sources of donor lungs, such as older donors, are needed. The effect of the donor–recipient age relationship on outcomes remains unclear. Methods A retrospective review of the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research database was performed for adult lung recipients from 2005 to 2015. Variables examined included donor age, recipient age, listing diagnosis, episodes of acute cellular rejection in the first year, and survival. Both donors and recipients were stratified according to age ranges. Survival was compared with the log-rank test. Propensity score matching was done stratifying donors younger than 60 years versus older than 60 years for the recipient population of 60 to 69 years. Results From May 2005 to February 2015, 15,844 patients underwent lung transplantation. Unadjusted comparisons of donor-to-recipient age showed that older donor age appeared to be more relevant for recipients 60 to 69 years old (p = 0.002). Nevertheless, when propensity matching was done based on relevant covariates for recipients in this age range by donors younger or older than 60 years, there were no differences in survival. Conclusions Our results suggest that even though donor and recipient age may be important in lung transplantation, the interplay between donor and recipient age alone is not an independent determinant of survival. Careful selection of lungs from donors older than 60 years old should be exercised, taking into consideration the totality of donor demographics and risk factors rather than dismissing lungs based on advanced age alone.
Tau and High Molecular Weight Microtubule Associated Proteins in Aluminum-Induced Neurofibrillary Pathology

Alterations in the neuronal cytoskeleton characterize a number of human neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases (AD and PD) (Iqbal et al., 1987). The hypothesis that environmental aluminum neurotoxicity causes Alzheimer’s disease in humans has been the subject of considerable debate (Graves et al., 1990; Crapper-McLachlan et al., 1991; Guy et al., 1991; McDermott et al., 1979; Bonhaus et al., 1980; Kruck 1993). Aluminum can readily cross the blood brain barrier (Wen and Wisniewski, 1985), is found in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-containing neurons (Perl & Brody, 1980), and forms the core of the senile plaque (Candy et al., 1986; Crapper et al., 1973). Aluminum is prevalent in the drinking water (Martyn et al., 1989), food preservatives (French et al., 1989) and, in fact, it is the third most prevalent element on the earth’s surface (Graves et al., 1990; King et al., 1981). High levels of aluminum in humans in dialysis dementia have been associated with degeneration of cortical cells, however, neurofibrillary changes were not present (Alfrey et al., 1976). Although the neural concentration of aluminum increases with age, there have been conflicting results concerning the correlation between aluminum deposits and NFT (McDermott et al., 1979; Perl & Brody 1980; Wen and Wisniewski, 1985). There is no correlation between the amount of aluminum in NFT in AD or demented patients as compared to age matched controls (Wen and Wisniewski, 1985).
Introduction to Python for Science and Engineering

Series in Computational PhysicsSteven A. Gottlieb and Rubin H. Landau, Series Editors Introduction to Python for Science and Engineering This guide offers a quick and incisive introduction to Python programming for anyone. The author has carefully developed a concise approach to using Python in any discipline of science and engineering, with plenty of examples, practical hints, and insider tips. Readers will see why Python is such a widely appealing program, and learn the basics of syntax, data structures, input and output, plotting, conditionals and loops, user-defined functions, curve fitting, numerical routines, animation, and visualization. The author teaches by example and assumes no programming background for the reader. David J. Pine is the Silver Professor and Professor of Physics at New York University, and Chair of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering. He is an elected fellow of the American Physical Society and American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and is a Guggenheim Fellow.
Habits as Building Blocks for the Resilience of Vulnerable Populations: Two Positive Deviance Case Studies From the U.S.–Mexico Border Region:

In this article, we describe habits that lead to resilience. We summarize empirical findings of two projects implemented with people living in the U.S.-Mexico border region that illustrate how when facing adversity, some individuals devise simple, uncommon strategies that through practice become habits and help them adapt positively. The studies discussed used a positive deviance inquiry framework. Positive deviance focuses on finding statistical outliers-those who are successful in the face of intractable problems without the use of special resources. As an inquiry framework, positive deviance enables identification of replicable behaviors that become habits and offer an avenue for behavioral change and the cocreation of sustainable interventions. The positive deviance approach has many potential applications in public health and is a useful framework for health promotion practitioners and researchers working in diverse settings.
Leading the Way in Pharmacy Education: Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, Wellness and Resilience: Address of the 2018-2019 President to the Opening General Session at the 2019 Annual Meeting.

This has been a tremendous year at AACP. I feel immensely privileged to have been able to serve as president of our organization. I have truly enjoyed working with members of the association to further our goals for academic pharmacy and the profession as a whole. As you know, this year I asked our
Helpt motiverende gespreksvoering bij stoppen met roken

Uit een cochranereview naar het effect van motiverende gespreksvoering als stoppen-met-rokeninterventie blijkt dat het resultaat tegenvalt. Een half jaar na de interventie is het percentage stoppers niet groter dan na geen of een andere interventie.
Direct imaging of heteroatom dopants in catalytic carbon nano-onions

The hollow core, concentric graphitic shells, and large surface area of the carbon nano-onion (CNO) make these carbon nanostructures promising materials for highly efficient catalytic reactions. Doping CNOs with heteroatoms is an effective method of changing their physical and chemical properties. In these cases, the configurations and locations of the incorporated dopant atoms must be a key factor dictating catalytic activity, yet determining a structural arrangement on the single-atom length scale is challenging. Here we present direct imaging of individual nitrogen and sulfur dopant atoms in CNOs, using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) approach, combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Inspection of the statistics of dopant configuration and location in sulfur-, nitrogen-, and co-doped samples reveals dopant atoms to be more closely situated to defects in the graphitic shells for co-doped samples, than in their singly doped counterparts. Correlated with an increased activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in the co-doped samples, this suggests a concerted mechanism involving both the dopant and defect.
KINESIOPHOBIA IS RELATED TO BRAIN ACTIVITY FOR KNEE MOTOR CONTROL IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN

Background:Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a chronic knee condition that affects over 1 in 4 physically-active girls. PFP symptomology contributes to dysfunctional motor control and heightened kinesio...
Paraguay 2019: el comienzo inusual de un gobierno sin luna de miel

El 2019 ha sido un ano inusual para un gobierno que inicia su mandato, debido a la sucesion de crisis que llevaron al presidente Mario Abdo Benitez al borde de ser destituido via juicio politico. Este articulo analiza el periodo centrandose en tres dimensiones: la imbricacion de la politica exterior con la domestica, o “intermesticidad”, el convulsionado frente politico, y la crisis economica. El articulo concluye que el 2020 sera un ano decisivo para determinar si el marcado deterioro de la suerte politica del gobierno en su primer ano sera revertido y si la oposicion podra articular un frente opositor coherente y unido de cara al futuro. De como se resuelvan estas dos interrogantes depende en gran medida el escenario electoral de 2023 y cuales seran las posibilidades de exito del Partido Colorado y la oposicion.
Developments in New Measurements of Fission Cross-Sections, Fragment Yields, and Prompt and Quasi-Prompt Gammas for Nuclear Data Needs

The University of New Mexico Fission Spectrometer was developed to measure fission product yield, as part of the LANL SPIDER collaboration. The spectrometer operates as an E-v detector to extract product mass event-by-event, with a time of flight region followed by an ionization chamber for kinetic energy measurements. By using the ionization chamber as a singlecathode/single-anode time projection chamber, stopping power and thus Z information is extracted, for coupled A and Z measurements. New work is being performed to add gamma ray detectors in the data stream, placed near the target region for prompt gammas and near the ionization chamber for quasiprompt (>50 ns) and later gammas, correlated with individual fission products. A stand-alone parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) is also being developed for fission tagging gamma ray data. The PPIC will also allow discrimination between charged particle out events and (n,n’γ), and discriminate between alpha emission and fission. Using layers in the PPIC, other targets can be measured simultaneously with a calibration target, giving relative fission cross sections. Past measurements with the spectrometer were performed at LANSCE and we plan to continue measurements there. The current work is supported by the NNSA Stewardship Science Academic Alliance.
66534 Evaluation plans for a summer child nutrition assistance program to better understand translation of policy to community health

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Study findings can guide improvements of the Summer Food Service Program to maximize the program’s desired effects on child summer nutrition and related health outcomes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) addresses food insecurity during summer months. Project specific aims are to: 1. Describe characteristics of children participating in the SFSP. 2. Determine the nutritional quality of the SFSP foods. 3. Evaluate changes in children’s food insecurity, diet quality, and body mass index by SFSP participation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A single group, prospective, staggered cohort design will be used for the proposed study. Two cohorts of 30 (N=60) elementary students and their parents will be recruited during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 school year. Each participant will complete a measurement session at three time-points: Baseline (spring), Post-Program (program end), and Follow-Up (following spring). Parents will complete an online survey about household food insecurity and family socio-demographic characteristics. Children will complete three 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and their heights, weight and percent body fat will be measured. The menus of at least ten SFSP sites will be analyzed to determine the nutritional adequacy of the site menus by using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Study hypotheses are as followed: Aim 1. Not all of the children participating in the SFSP are from food-insecure or low-income households. Aim 2. Meals served at the SFSP will be higher in sugar and fat and lower in fruits and vegetables compared to recommendations in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Additionally, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of the SFSP menus will be lower than that of the National School Lunch Program menus. Aim 3. Consistent SFSP participation will have a positive effect on reducing food insecurity, but not on increasing diet quality and reducing body mass index and percent body fat in children. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Program user information will determine if the program is reaching the target audience. Program managers will utilize menu analysis results to improve their menu nutritional quality. Changes in food insecurity, diet quality and anthropometric measures will inform whether the program needs to be improved to prevent any untoward excess weight gain.
A case of INR elevation with remdesivir and warfarin in a hospitalized patient with COVID-19

Treatments for COVID-19 infection have varied widely within the past year. Remdesivir is the only direct-acting antiviral approved by the Food and Drug Administration with demonstrated efficacy in the management of patients with COVID-19. [1] Commonly reported adverse effects include hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. Less common adverse effects include respiratory toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity and nephrotoxicity. [2] We report a case of international normalized ratio (INR) prolongation in a COVID-19 patient receiving concomitant warfarin and remdesivir therapy.
An Edge Computing Based Situation Enabled Crowdsourcing Blacklisting System for Efficient Identification of Scammer Phone Numbers

The growth of telecommunication fraud has caused tremendous loss to end users. In particular, new technologies such as robocalling systems have been a new resource of harassment. Traditional approaches in detecting such activities simply rely on the construction of blacklisting number systems. However, criminals can easily masquerade their phone numbers simply by changing their numbers through VoIP (Voice over IP) or use virtual mobile numbers (VMN) with relatively low pricing, laxed ID checks and high-level API automation. In this paper, we present a novel situation-enabled approach to blacklist unwanted phone numbers while keeping high detection rate through distributed crowd sourcing. The system consists of two parts. First, we collect a user’s daily schedule in time series as situational data and use the data to train Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning model. This model is used to predict the user’s situation in the future. Then, we implement a semi-automatic tagging application to tag each incoming call by reading the call history against the predicted situation. An incoming phone number can be automatically tagged as malicious if it is in a wrong situation or could be benign otherwise. A user is also allowed to manually change the tagging afterwards if it is necessary. Second, a distributed crowdsourcing is used to aggregate highly ranked calling numbers from different devices in the same area. When a higher-level blacklist has been built, it can be used to update local ones by propagating back to end user devices with edge local blacklist and edge foreign blacklist. A simple evaluation has been made against real incoming calls on Android phones. The results show that our system design can attain decent detection rates.
Isolation of High-Molecular-Weight (HMW ) DNA from Fusarium oxysporum for Long-Read Sequencing

In many instances Fusarium oxysporum genomes are complex and challenging to assemble mainly due to the increased number of repetitive elements and variable numbers of supernumerary chromosomes, which are primarily associated with pathogenicity. Hence, to obtain the accurate F. oxysporum genome assembly and high-resolution sequence information, protocols for versatile, reliable, and high recovery of high-quality DNA for diverse sequencing platforms are instrumental. Here, we describe two protocols for the isolation of DNA from isolates of F. oxysporum. One is a quick and easy method for high-throughput extraction of DNA to rapidly screen diverse isolates by marker-assisted PCR analysis. Another is to harvest high-quality and high-molecular-weight DNA for whole-genome sequencing. In addition, we also include a library preparation protocol optimized for the third-generation sequencing technology using the portable MinION device to obtain long-read sequences. These protocols can be potentially further applied for all Fusarium spp. and other fungal pathogens, including Verticillium.
Commentary on the What Works Clearinghouse Standards and Procedures Handbook (v. 4.1) for the Review of Single-Case Research:

The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) provides school personnel with information on the amount and quality of evidence for educational programs, policies, and interventions. Over a decade ago, the WWC...
Freedom of Choice: A Behavioral Analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with behavioral analysis and demonstrates free choice preference. Once the preference is demonstrated, the next step is to explore some of its properties and to identify some of its limiting conditions. These limiting conditions help refine the definition of choice. Concurrent-chain schedules separate the preference for different conditions (in initial links) from the contingencies that maintain responding in those conditions (in terminal links). If a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule maintained higher response rates than a concurrent differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule, it would be inappropriate to conclude that FR responding is preferred to DRL responding. Forced-choice terminal links include more instances of abrupt transitions from a pause to a relatively high FI rate than free-choice terminal links in the sessions presented, but the range of pauses and scalloping overlapped considerably across the two types of terminal link; over sessions, no consistent relation between temporal patterning and preference is evident from visual inspection of the records.
A hybrid open-access model to bridge the publishing divide and reach out to a broader community

If you are reading this editorial, you are probably someone who cares as much about free dissemination of scientific information as I do. Readers want to have free access to high quality scientific articles. Authors want to have their work viewed by as many people as possible. Hence, an open-access model is a great idea. Given the costs need to be covered to allow a journal to be sustainable, a hybrid model offers this particular advantage, as well as an important additional one, related to non-discrimination for author access, that I will describe later. First, I would like to clarify what “open-access” is, since there is evidence that both authors and readers are confused.1 There are primarily three models for scientific journal publishing1: the “reader-pays” model, utilized by traditional (ie, non-open-access) journals2; the “author-pays” model, utilized in most open-access journals; and hybrid models that combine the two. A frequent misconception is to therefore equate the concepts of “open-access” and “free”: articles in open-access journals are not really “free”, but rather paid for upfront by the authors. That is, in open-access journals, the cost is picked up in large part by the authors, and not by the subscribers. The reverse is true in traditional journals (though some journals have a … Correspondence to Dr Lucila Ohno-Machado, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0728, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; machado{at}ucsd.edu