cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placing the largest similar copy of a convex polygon among polygonal obstacles

Given a convex polygon P and an environment consisting of polygonal obstacles, we find the largest similar copy of P that does not intersect any of the obstacles. Allowing translation, rotation, and change-of-size, our method combines a new notion of Delaunay triangulation for points and edges with the well-known functions based on Davenport-Schinzel sequences producing an almost quadratic algorithm for the problem. Namely, if P is a convex k-gon and if Q has n corners and edges then we can find the placement of the largest similar copy of P in the environment Q in time O(k4n l4(kn) log n), where l4 is one of the almost-linear functions related to Davenport-Schinzel sequences. If the environment consists only of points then we can find the placement of the largest similar copy of P in time O(k2n l3(kn) log n).
FDR and Harry: Unparalleled Lives

Four Early Ages Entrances School Boys Young Lovers Soldiers The Fifth Age: Presidencies Preludes The Hustings FDR: Economics HST: Economics FDR: Politician HST: Politician FDR: Foreign Policies (1933-1936) FDR: Foreign Policies (1937-1945) HST: Foreign Policies Personalities in Contrast Sixth And Seventh Ages Slipper'd Pantaloons Last Scenes Bibliography Index
Thermal and Acid-Catalyzed Hofmann−Martius Rearrangement of 3-N-Aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(Arylamino)-2-oxindoles

The Hofmann−Martius rearrangement of 3-N-aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(arylamino)-2-oxindoles under thermal and acid-catalyzed conditions is described.
Bioactive Sphingolipids are Constituents of Soy and Dairy Products

Dietary sphingolipids have gained attention because of their possible ability to inhibit colon cancer. The purpose of this study was to quantify sphingolipids in soy and dairy products, 2 food groups that are associated with protection against colon cancer. Sphingolipids were extracted with chloroform and methanol, and quantified by HPLC. The concentrations of total sphingolipids (nmol/g of dry weight) were: full fat soy flakes, 609; soy flour, 610; isolated soy protein, 210; nonfat dry milk, 203; Swiss cheese, 167; and yogurt, 136. Most sphingolipids were complexed with sphingosine as the predominant sphingoid base backbone. The results also indicate that total lipid content is not a good predictor of the relative content of sphingolipids in soy and dairy products. Cette etude quantifie les sphingolipides presents dans les produits a base de soja et les produits laitiers, 2 groupes d'aliments associes a la prevention contre le cancer du colon. Les resultats montrent que la plupart des sphingolipides sont complexes avec la sphingosine et que la teneur en lipides totaux n'est pas un bon indicateur pour predire la teneur en sphingolipides.
Aneurysm of the Ascending Aorta with Obstruction of the Superior Vena Cava: Report of Case with Resection Using Extracorporeal Circulation

A large fusiform aneurysm involving the entire ascending aorta was successfully excised with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Prior to operation the patient had a pulsating mass on the anterior chest wall, and presented an unusual roentgenographic picture caused by a large clot-filled false aneurysm which had arisen from a ruptured syphilitic fusiform aneurysm. Following excision of the aneurysm and resection of the aorta, the superior vena caval compression syndrome disappeared and the patient was able to return to normal activity after an uncomplicated convalescence.
The myth of lanolin allergy

Lanolin has the reputation of being an important contact sensitizer. The market place abounds with products that are labeled "lanolin free". In fact, lanolin is at most a weak contact allergen. The supposed hazards of sensitization to lanolin products are a resultant of faulty science and failure to appreciate the limitations of patch testing. Lanolin allergy is a myth created mainly by overzealous professional patch testers. No one has succeeded in sensitizing animals or humans to lanolin or wool wax alcohols. Most of the case reports are false positives, in association with the angry back syndrome.
Dramatic reduction of the effect of nanoconfinement on the glass transition of polymer films via addition of small-molecule diluent

The effect of nanoconfinement on the glass transition temperature T(g) in thin polymer films is studied as a function of added small-molecule diluent or plasticizer. The decrease [increase] in T(g) found in nanoconfined, neat polystyrene [poly(2-vinyl pyridine)] is suppressed by added diluent, with 13-20 nm thick polystyrene films exhibiting bulk T(g) upon addition of 9 wt % pyrene or 4 wt % dioctylphthalate [corrected]. This is explained by a connection between the size scale of the cooperative dynamics associated with T(g), which decreases with added diluent, and the size scale of the nanoconfinement effect.
Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for the identification of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma.

Abstract Background: The exact role of lymphoscintigraphy (LS) in the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in melanoma is controversial. Methods: We reviewed our experience with preoperative LS for the determination of the lymph node drainage pattern of clinically node negative primary melanomas, with attention to the rate of ambiguous drainage and the effect of previous wide local excision (WLE). Results: The scans of 87 patients who underwent LS at our institution for evaluation of their primary melanomas from 1995 to the present were reviewed. Fourteen of the primary tumor sites were in the head and neck region, 41 were truncal, and 32 were in the extremities. The average tumor thickness was 2.6 mm. Nine of 14 (64%) head/neck lesions and 12 of 41 (29%) truncal lesions displayed ambiguous drainage, as compared with only 2 of 32 (6%) extremity lesions ( P Conclusions: Preoperative LS is important for the treatment planning of SLN biopsy for head/neck and truncal melanomas, but adds little additional information for extremity lesions. Lymph node drainage scans and subsequent SLN biopsies are not contraindicated in the presence of a prior WLE.
Smooth muscle contractile diversity in the control of regional circulations

Each regional circulation has unique requirements for blood flow and thus unique mechanisms by which it is regulated. In this review we consider the role of smooth muscle contractile diversity in determining the unique properties of selected regional circulations and its potential influence on drug targeting in disease. Functionally smooth muscle diversity can be dichotomized into fast versus slow contractile gene programs, giving rise to phasic versus tonic smooth muscle phenotypes, respectively. Large conduit vessel smooth muscle is of the tonic phenotype; in contrast, there is great smooth muscle contractile diversity in the other parts of the vascular system. In the renal circulation, afferent and efferent arterioles are arranged in series and determine glomerular filtration rate. The afferent arteriole has features of phasic smooth muscle, whereas the efferent arteriole has features of tonic smooth muscle. In the splanchnic circulation, the portal vein and hepatic artery are arranged in parallel and supply blood for detoxification and metabolism to the liver. Unique features of this circulation include the hepatic-arterial buffer response to regulate blood flow and the phasic contractile properties of the portal vein. Unique features of the pulmonary circulation include the low vascular resistance and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the latter attribute inherent to the smooth muscle cells but the mechanism uncertain. We consider how these unique properties may allow for selective drug targeting of regional circulations for therapeutic benefit and point out gaps in our knowledge and areas in need of further investigation.
Transfusion-transmitted virus is not present in factor IX concentrates commonly used to treat haemophilia B.

Summary. Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) is a potential cause of post-transfusion hepatitis in patients with haemophilia. Plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates currently undergo processes that are effective in removal and inactivation of viruses such as HIV, hepatitis B and C; however, their effectiveness with respect to TTV is unknown. To determine if TTV DNA is present in plasma-derived concentrates of factor IX, we tested 14 lots of Mononine® and compared the results with BeneFix®. Nucleic acid isolation, followed by a two-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel analysis indicated that all 17 lots were negative for TTV. Although TTV may be considered an emerging pathogen, no evidence of the virus was detected in the commercially available plasma-derived concentrate of FIX most commonly used to treat haemophilia B.
Critical Rearing Parameters of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as Affected by Host Plant Substrate and Host-Parasitoid Group Structure

ABSTRACT In laboratory assays, we evaluated the potential impact of host plant substrate types, host-parasitoid group sizes (densities), and parasitoid-to-host ratios on select fitness parameters of the larval endoparasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), newly introduced for biological control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in the United States. Results from our study showed that offspring production and critical fitness parameters (body size and sex ratio) of T. planipennisi from parasitized emerald ash borer larvae are significantly influenced by host plant substrate type, host-parasitoid group size, parasitoid-to-host ratio, or a combination in the primary exposure assay. The number of both female and male T. planipennisi progeny was significantly greater when emerald ash borer larvae were inserted into tropical ash [Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh.] logs rather than green ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica Marshall). When maintained a...
The Wisdom of Crowds in the Recollection of Order Information

When individuals independently recollect events or retrieve facts from memory, how can we aggregate these retrieved memories to reconstruct the actual set of events or facts? In this research, we report the performance of individuals in a series of general knowledge tasks, where the goal is to reconstruct from memory the order of historic events, or the order of items along some physical dimension. We introduce two Bayesian models for aggregating order information based on a Thurstonian approach and Mallows model. Both models assume that each individual's reconstruction is based on either a random permutation of the unobserved ground truth, or by a pure guessing strategy. We apply MCMC to make inferences about the underlying truth and the strategies employed by individuals. The models demonstrate a "wisdom of crowds" effect, where the aggregated orderings are closer to the true ordering than the orderings of the best individual.
Detection of malicious packet dropping in wireless ad hoc networks based on privacy-preserving public auditing

In a multi-hop wireless ad hoc network, packet losses are attributed to harsh channel conditions and intentional packet discard by malicious nodes. In this paper, while observing a sequence of packet losses, we are interested in determining whether losses are due to link errors only, or due to the combined effect of link errors and malicious drop. We are especially interested in insider's attacks, whereby a malicious node that is part of the route exploits its knowledge of the communication context to selectively drop a small number of packets that are critical to network performance. Because the packet dropping rate in this case is comparable to the channel error rate, conventional algorithms that are based on detecting the packet loss rate cannot achieve satisfactory detection accuracy. To improve the detection accuracy, we propose to exploit the correlations between lost packets. Furthermore, to ensure truthful calculation of these correlations, we develop a homomorphic linear authenticator (HLA) based public auditing architecture that allows the detector to verify the truthfulness of the packet loss information reported by nodes. This architecture is privacy preserving, collusion proof, and incurs low communication and storage overheads. Through extensive simulations, we verify that the proposed mechanism achieves significantly better detection accuracy than conventional methods such as a maximum-likelihood based detection.
High-throughput Analysis of Large Microscopy Image Datasets on CPU-GPU Cluster Platforms

Analysis of large pathology image datasets offers significant opportunities for the investigation of disease morphology, but the resource requirements of analysis pipelines limit the scale of such studies. Motivated by a brain cancer study, we propose and evaluate a parallel image analysis application pipeline for high throughput computation of large datasets of high resolution pathology tissue images on distributed CPU-GPU platforms. To achieve efficient execution on these hybrid systems, we have built runtime support that allows us to express the cancer image analysis application as a hierarchical data processing pipeline. The application is implemented as a coarse-grain pipeline of stages, where each stage may be further partitioned into another pipeline of fine-grain operations. The fine-grain operations are efficiently managed and scheduled for computation on CPUs and GPUs using performance aware scheduling techniques along with several optimizations, including architecture aware process placement, data locality conscious task assignment, data prefetching, and asynchronous data copy. These optimizations are employed to maximize the utilization of the aggregate computing power of CPUs and GPUs and minimize data copy overheads. Our experimental evaluation shows that the cooperative use of CPUs and GPUs achieves significant improvements on top of GPU-only versions (up to 1.6×) and that the execution of the application as a set of fine-grain operations provides more opportunities for runtime optimizations and attains better performance than coarser-grain, monolithic implementations used in other works. An implementation of the cancer image analysis pipeline using the runtime support was able to process an image dataset consisting of 36,848 4K×4K-pixel image tiles (about 1.8TB uncompressed) in less than 4 minutes (150 tiles/second) on 100 nodes of a state-of-the-art hybrid cluster system.
The Beleaguered Ideal: Defending NCAA Amateurism

Amateurism defines a core value of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The NCAA is one of the country’s largest and most visible nonprofits that represent over 1000 colleges sponsoring athletic programs. The ideal and NCAA rules around Amateurism have generated a large number of scandals in intercollegiate athletics. Commentators attack amateurism as a hypocritical ideal that does not really exist and rationalizes student exploitation. This article argues the present NCAA definition of amateurism is too narrow and misses the dimension where all students legitimately aspire to use their student experience as preparation for careers. Once the idea of amateurism encompass its own foundations like glory, championship and self-worth and is connected more clearly to being a student, it opens up policies that keep the core ideal intact but address contemporary concerns about exploitation and student welfare. The paper examines the historical and moral foundation of the ideal and defines the ideal as a structure of moral and psychological aspiration that requires a cost and infrastructure to be realized. This reality undermines the NCAA’s narrow conception. In addition actors and forces that surround intercollegiate athletics drive the subversion of amateurism at the points of recruiting, staying in school or leaving. Seeing amateurism as a structure of aspiration can guide conversations on contemporary controversies involved in keeping students in school and addressing the problems involved in the transition from college to paid professional athletics.
RING: An Integrated Method for Frequent Representative Subgraph Mining

We propose a novel representative based subgraph mining model. A series of standards and methods are proposed to select invariants. Patterns are mapped into invariant vectors in a multidimensional space. To find qualified patterns, only a subset of frequent patterns is generated as representatives, such that every frequent pattern is close to one of the representative patterns while representative patterns are distant from each other. We devise the RING algorithm, integrating the representative selection into the pattern mining process. Meanwhile, we use R-trees to assist this mining process. Last but not least, a large number of real and synthetic datasets are employed for the empirical study, which show the benefits of the representative model and the efficiency of the RING algorithm.
Hydrothermal Alteration Along the Lisbon Valley Fault Zone, San Juan County, Utah

The Lisbon Valley fault follows a northwest strike along the crest of a salt anticline and cuts diagonally across the Big Indian Wash uranium area in San Juan County, Utah. Altered rocks collected along the fault zone have been studied microscopically and by X-ray diffraction, for significant mineralogical data with a bearing on mineralization. Abundant kaolin is found in altered Chinle strata near the fault and extending 50 to 300 feet away. In contrast, illite, chlorite, montmorillonite, and mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite are commonly found in unaltered Chinle Shale occurring elsewhere along the Lisbon Valley anticline. Veinlets of dickite occur in the zone of shear, accompanied by tiny veinlets of pyrite and globules of indurated asphalt. Both original copper sulphides and oxidized copper minerals occur in fractured rock along the Lisbon Valley fault over a wide stratigraphic range. Rocks along the fault zone have generally been bleached, and porous Burro Canyon Sandstone has been silicified for 50 or more feet away from the fault on the hanging-wall side. Solution activity in the fault zone is indicated by bleaching, silicification, and deposition of copper sulphides. Argillic mineral associations and indurated hydrocarbons indicate that the mineralizing solutions were heated. The western upthrown limb of the Lisbon Valley anticline contains uranium deposits which occur mostly in Triassic Chinle Shale, but also in Permian Cutler strata. The rising thermal mineralizing solutions active along the Lisbon Valley fault zone may have carried uranyl ions which were reduced and precipitated in Chinle strata. The passage of solutions to the Chinle most likely followed subsidiary fractures and certain porous beds found in the Permian Cutler Formation, known as sugar sands in the mining localities.
Chromosomal mosaicism associated with prolonged remission in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The nature of the relationship between normal stem cells and the leukemic cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is of considerable theoretical and practical importance. We studied a patient with CML who has maintained a complete hematologic remission for eight years without therapy. Presently, the only documentable abnormality is mosaicism for the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. Studies of his bone marrow in vitro revealed normal colony formation in agar and normal cellular proliferation and differentiation in liquid culture. Observations in this patient indicate that a Ph1-positive clone may coexist with normal stem cells during prolonged remissions in CML and the Ph1-positive cells may not always have a growth advantage over normal cells. The culture studies further suggest that the diminished proliferative capacity of the leukemic cells was not due to in vivo host suppressive factors.
Introduction to Information

Information is central to all applied studies in economics and other sciences. It has many facets. As empirical data it provides the basis for testing an economic model or theory. It is also intimately connected with decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Hence the choice of optimal policy under an uncertain environment depends on the type of information structures e.g., is it partial or total, incomplete or complete and imprecise or precise?
A type II secreted RNase of Legionella pneumophila facilitates optimal intracellular infection of Hartmannella vermiformis

Type II protein secretion plays a role in a wide variety of functions that are important for the ecology and pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila. Perhaps most dramatic is the critical role that this secretion pathway has in L. pneumophila intracellular infection of aquatic protozoa. Recently, we showed that virulent L. pneumophila strain 130b secretes RNase activity through its type II secretion system. We now report the cloning and mutational analysis of the gene (srnA) encoding that novel type of secreted activity. The SrnA protein was defined as being a member of the T2 family of secreted RNases. Supernatants from mutants inactivated for srnA completely lacked RNase activity, indicating that SrnA is the major secreted RNase of L. pneumophila. Although srnA mutants grew normally in bacteriological media and human U937 cell macrophages, they were impaired in their ability to grow within Hartmannella vermiformis amoebae. This finding represents the second identification of a L. pneumophila type II effector being necessary for optimal intracellular infection of amoebae, with the first being the ProA zinc metalloprotease. Newly constructed srnA proA double mutants displayed an even larger infection defect that appeared to be the additive result of losing both SrnA and ProA. Overall, these data represent the first demonstration of a secreted RNase promoting an intracellular infection event, and support our long-standing hypothesis that the infection defects of L. pneumophila type II secretion mutants are due to the loss of multiple secreted effectors.
Contractors and Production of Durable Air-Entrained Concrete

The contractor-modification of air-entrained concrete mix proportions and production practices to suit actual construction conditions is covered in detail. The effects of alternate mix materials, materials proportions, and mixing practices on air entrainment characteristics and concrete durability are outlined. The effects of conventional, accelerated, and extreme curing practices on concrete durability are reviewed. The selection and implementation of quality control tests for air-entrained concrete is covered.
Commentary: Considering language as expressive culture

The Everett et al. (2016) article makes a strong and compelling case that some, if not many, aspects of language may be ecological adaptations to climate. Their argument is not just theoretical, but it is supported by many strands of evidence including careful and systematic worldwide cross-cultural research. The purpose of the present comment is not to detract from the ecological argument, but rather to suggest that linguists would do well to also consider some psychological mechanisms to explain language differences and similarities. The ‘personality integration of culture’ model first put forward by John W. M. Whiting and Irvin L. Child (1953) and elaborated further in subsequent years (Whiting and Whiting 1978: 44–45) has inspired many cross-cultural studies. It proposes that some aspects of culture (referred to as ‘maintenance systems’) respond directly to climate and ecological conditions. Maintenance systems include culture traits such as subsistence patterns, means of production, settlement patterns, family structure, and political and social structures. But there are other aspects of culture referred to as ‘projective or expressive systems’ (such as religion, rituals, folklore, games, and art, and crime rates) that are probably not adaptive and might best …
A Comparison of Three Models of Brand Choice

Three models—the heterogeneous linear learning model, an evolutionary model, and a model which accounts for both evolutionary behavior and purchase event feedback—are compared for their ability to ...
Wind Effects on Runup and Overtopping

The maximum distance a wave may travel up the face of a coastal structure, or rate of overtopping if runup exceeds structure crest elevation, are critical parameters in planning and design of a coastal structure. Runup and overtopping are usually estimated by empirical equations based on physical model studies that do not include the effects of strong onshore winds that are typically present during design storm conditions. While it is generally assumed that onshore winds will increase runup and overtopping over no-wind conditions, there is currently no means of accurately calculating effects of these winds on runup and overtopping. A joint research project by US Army Corps of Engineers and Texas A&M University (TAMU) is currently investigating wind effects on runup and overtopping of revetments and vertical walls through a series of physical model studies conducted in a combined wind/wave flume at TAMU. Initial tests measured runup and overtopping rates on a 1:3 smooth revetment for a range of incident monochromatic wave conditions, with wind speeds varying from no wind to maximum blower output. With the addition of wind, large increases in runup and overtopping were recorded over the no wind condition. The combined wind/wave spectrum recorded during tests with wind was then reproduced mechanically.
Consciousness and the voices of the mind.

Born in West Newton, Massachusetts, Julian Jaynes did his undergraduate work at Harvard and McGill and received both his master’s and doctoral degrees in psychology from Yale. While the Psychology Department at Princeton, which he joined in 1964, is still his academic base, Dr. Jaynes has had numerous positions as Visiting Lecturer or Scholar in Residence in departments of philosophy, English, and archeology and in numerous medical schools. Starting out as a traditional comparative psychobiologist, his approach was to chart the evolution of consciousness by studying learning and brain function in various species, from the protozoa to worms, reptiles, and cats. Finding this approach unsatisfactory, he changed course and has more recently examined consciousness through historical analysis, introspection, and the study of language and metaphor. Dr. Jaynes has published widely, his earlier work being on topics such as imprinting in birds and the neural mediation of mating behavior in cats. His more recent work culminated in 1976 in his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Elaborating upon this book are numerous more recent articles published in a diversity of journals such as The History of Ideas, Art World, and The Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
337 GENITOPATELLAR SYNDROME: EXPANDING THE PHENOTYPE

Genitopatellar syndrome is a rare condition characterized by absent patellae, hydronephrosis, and scrotal hypoplasia in males Clitoral hypertrophy and hypoplastic labia have been described in the two reported female patients. We describe the thirteenth case of genitopatellar syndrome in a female, who also has bilateral radioulnar synostosis and colpocephaly. Our patient was ascertained prenatally when an ultrasound revealed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and an atrial septal defect. After delivery, microcephaly, mild camptodactyly, unusual knee dimples, lower extremity contractures, and unilateral clubfoot were noted. MRI and ultrasound of the knees confirmed absent patellae. The genitalia showed clitoral hypertrophy with hypoplastic labia. Further radiologic evaluation demonstrated bilateral radioulnar synostosis, cervical ribs, hypoplastic iliac bones, and splayed pubic bones. MRI revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum with colpocephaly. Only twelve cases of the genitopatellar syndrome have been published in the literature to our knowledge. Additional reported findings include microcephaly, lower extremity contractures, clubfeet, congenital heart defects, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Although a number of conditions exist with absent or hypoplastic patellae, the constellation of findings in these patients is unique and not explained by other syndromes or associations. The findings in our case are identical to earlier cases, with the exception that radioulnar synostosis and colpocephaly have not previously been reported. The association of absent patellae with radioulnar synostosis and other skeletal anomalies suggests that a generalized bone dysplasia may be an underlying component of genitopatellar syndrome. Karyotype and metabolic tests have not revealed an underlying etiology in any patient identified to date. The prognosis for affected individuals is poor as most do not survive infancy. Although a few children have survived the first decade, they remain non-ambulatory and nonverbal with severe mental retardation. The presence of colpocephaly in our patient also suggests a similarly poor prognosis.
Research of Hybrid Optimized Generalized Predictive Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

A new hybrid optimized generalized predictive control(GPC) based on the PSO technique(PSOGPC) was proposed in which the PSO is used for iterative optimization.The method can solve the complicated solving equation problem when GPC is difficult to obtain the optimum prediction control input because of the constraint of the control process.Furthermore,PSO was modified here to improve the solving precision and convergent rates of optimization procedure.The multi example simulation results show the method's validity and superior control performance.
One Incidence of Food Poisoning Caused by Salmonella

Objective To report the investigation results of one incidence of food poisoning.Methods Epidemiological and hygienic survey were conducted to the personnel with clinical symptoms after the meal and the clinical diagnosed cases.Results The attack rate of this food poisoning incidence was 6.84%(26/380),42.62% of the cases ate cold cowpea and cold trotters.Among 6 surplus suspicious food specimens,almonella were detected in 3 cold food specimens by the intestinal pathogenic bacteria detection.Conclusion This incidence is propable the food poisoning caused by eating cold cowpea and cold trotters contaminated by salmonella.
The Farmer as a Creditor and Seller

Not all sales of farm produce are for cash. The farmer lends credit in selling milk, vegetable and grain crops, and sometimes livestock. He rarely takes security for the debt owing him. But in important instances the state has stepped in to regulate the bookkeeping and finances of those who buy from him and thus assure him payment of sums honestly due him.
The influence of do-not-resuscitate orders on care provided for patients in the surgical intensive care unit of a cancer center.

With the accessibility of technology, advanced life support, and numerous other treatment options available to the critically ill, the decision of when to terminate aggressive care often creates a dilemma, particularly when there is pressure to contain costs. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are commonly written when it becomes apparent that a patient's condition is terminal and irreversible. Team members involved in the patient's care, however, can interpret the DNR order in various ways. This study evalutes how a DNR order impacts the care provided by various disciplines for patients in the surgical intensive care unit of a comprehensive cancer center.
Mixed-Integer Rounding Enhanced Benders Decomposition for Multiclass Service-System Staffing and Scheduling with Arrival Rate Uncertainty

We study server scheduling in multiclass service systems under uncertainty in the customer arrival volumes. Common practice in such systems is to first identify staffing levels and then determine s...
Halide transport patterns of apical anion exchange in rabbit cortical collecting duct intercalated cells

To investigate halide selectivity patterns of cortical collecting duct (CCD) intercalated cells (ICs), intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in perfused rabbit outer CCD ICs in Na(+)-free, HCO-3-buffered, 115 mM Cl solutions. Apical anion exchange activity was measured as the dpH/dt after lumen Cl- replacement with gluconate. The perfusate was randomly changed to equimolar Br-, F-, or I-. Addition of Br- to the lumen in place of gluconate caused a brisk acidification similar to that with Cl- return. The acidification rate with I- replacement was only approximately 25% of that seen with Cl- readdition, and F- substitution resulted in a small alkalinization. In a separate protocol, each halide was substituted for lumen Cl-. Replacement of lumen Cl- with Br- resulted in intracellular acidification, whereas F- substitution caused an increase in pHi similar to that with gluconate. A slower rate of alkalinization was seen with I-. Separate tubules were perfused and bathed in Cl(-)-free gluconate solutions for 10 min, and then either Cl- or Br- was returned to the lumen. Similar rates of acidification were found with either Cl- or Br- return. Taken together, the results show that, at a halide concentration of 115 mM, the halide selectivity transport pattern of the apical anion exchanger of CCD ICs is Cl- = Br- > I- > F-.
General Medical Outcomes from the Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration Grant Program

Objective:Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration (PBHCI) grants aim to improve the health of people with serious mental illness by integrating primary and preventive general medical services into behavioral health settings. This report describes the general medical outcomes of persons served by early cohorts of programs, funded in 2009 or 2010, that participated in this national demonstration project.Methods:A quasi-experimental, difference-in-differences design was used to compare changes in general medical health among consumers served at three PBHCI clinics (N=322) and three clinics that were selected as matched control sites (N=469). Propensity-score weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences between PBHCI and control clinic populations. Baseline data were collected between 2010 and 2012; follow-up data were collected approximately one year later. General medical outcomes included blood pressure; body mass index; cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose or HbA1c levels; and self...
Warm nationalism: Mapping and imagining the Jordanian nation

Abstract In 2002, fourteen years after their withdrawal from the West Bank, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan revealed its new national program known as “Jordan First.” The Palace initiated this campaign as part of its shifting national discourse which now sought to actively unite Palestinian-Jordanians and East Jordanians living to the east of the Jordan River. This campaign, and particularly its common map-logo symbol, has evolved over the last fourteen years into a rather “banal” national discourse and symbol. However, Jordanian nationalism and the everyday symbols of the Jordan First campaign are not forgotten. Instead, for many Jordanians, the campaign is a reminder of “hot” geopolitics and palpable identity politics. Drawing from Michael Billig's theorizations of banal nationalism, I examine the relationship between banal and hot forms of nationalism in Jordan and argue that scholarly work on banality needs to focus attention on the connections between these categories. As such, I suggest that framing nationalism as something quite “warm” can in many instances more aptly capture the complexity of nationalism. Using a multi-method approach that includes analyses of national maps and map-logos of Jordan and in-depth interviews with Jordanians about their national identities, I highlight the connections of hot and banal nationalism. Through my analysis, I also show that a Jordanian national identity is multi-scalar, merging Arab supranationalism with Jordanian and Palestinian identities; and thus I also extend Billig's work to examine the multiple scales of nationalism.
The Borel Subgroup

The Borel subgroup B of a (noncompact) Lie group G is a maximal closed and connected solvable subgroup. We will give several applications of the Borel subgroup in this chapter and the next. In this chapter, we will begin with the Iwasawa decomposition, an important decomposition involving the Borel subgroup. We will also show how invariant vectors with respect to the Borel subgroup give a convenient method of decomposing a representation into irreducibles. We will restrict ourselves here to complex analytic groups such as \(\mathrm{GL}(n, \mathbb{C})\) obtained by complexifying a compact Lie group. A more general Iwasawa decomposition will be found later in Chap. 29.
Mitigation of ribosome competition through distributed sRNA feedback

A current challenge in the robust engineering of synthetic gene networks is context dependence, the unintended interactions among genes and host factors. Ribosome competition is a specific form of context dependence, where all genes in the network compete for a limited pool of translational resources available for gene expression. Recently, theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ribosome competition creates a hidden layer of interactions among genes, which largely hinders our ability to predict design outcomes. In this work, we establish a control theoretic framework, where these hidden interactions become disturbance signals. We then propose a distributed feedback mechanism to achieve disturbance decoupling in the network. The feedback loop at each node consists of the protein product transcriptionally activating a small RNA (sRNA), which forms a translationally inactive complex with mRNA rapidly. We illustrate that with this feedback mechanism, protein production at each node is only dependent on its own transcription factor inputs, and almost independent of hidden interactions arising from ribosome competition.
Jingû: Narratives of Motherhood and Imperial Rule in Early Japan

Jingu, a third-century legendary figure, was once considered the 15th sovereign of Japan. Modern historiography erased Jingu’s status as a ruler, emphasizing instead her functions as consort and mother, suggesting an incompatibility between motherhood and political power. But early narratives unambiguously endow Jingu with a divine legitimacy that affirms her sovereignty, not in spite of motherhood, but on its very basis as an essential part of Jingu’s power: first, by demonstrating her competence over the previous sovereign and father of her child; second, by safely prolonging her pregnancy rather than avoiding or terminating it; and finally, through the skillful application of her military, political and ritual power on behalf of her son as he comes of age and prepares to inherit the throne.
Long-range forecasts: Linseed oil and the hemispheric movement of market and climate data, 1890–1939

AbstractCrop and weather forecasting are some of the least predictable elements of agri-business, and public and private sector interests have developed different approaches to improving results in each area. This article examines how organisations produced, acquired, and shared the environmental knowledge they needed for success in the increasingly global supply chains of agri-business. Crop knowledge was extensive and growing in the late nineteenth century, including a series of nascent forecasting methods. Climate knowledge was limited and retreating because of underfunding and spurious theories about solar radiation. But the records of Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) and crop scientists in the Northern Great Plains show that linseed oil manufacturers created extensive knowledge networks to gather crop and some climate information in almost real time. Business associations served an asymmetrical role in these knowledge networks, and some manufacturers, like the members of the Flax Development Committee, t...
Projected Dryland Cropping System Shifts in the Pacific Northwest in Response to Climate Change

Agriculture in the dryland region of the Inland Pacific Northwest (IPNW, including northern Idaho, eastern Washington and northern Oregon) is typically characterized based on annual rainfall and associated distribution of cropping systems that have evolved in response to biophysical and socio-economic factors. Three agro-ecological classes (AEC) have been proposed for the region: a) crop/fallow (CF), b) annual crop/fallow transition (CCF), and c) continuous cropping (CC). AECs attempt to associate land use into relatively homogeneous areas that result in common production systems. Although there is an interest in sustainable intensification of cropping systems (e.g., reduction of fallow), the question remains whether climate change will preclude intensification or shift the borders of existing AECs toward greater fallow utilization. A simulation study was conducted to address this question, with the aim of classifying 4x4 km pixels throughout the region into one of the three AECs for baseline (1979-2010) and future periods (2030s, 2015-2045; 2050s, 2035-2065; 2070s, 2055-2085). Baseline data were derived from traditional rotations and historical climate records. Data for future projections were derived from atmospheric CO2 concentration considering daily weather downloaded from 12 global circulation models and 2 representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Due to the direct effect of atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, the transpiration use efficiency of crops (TUE; g above-ground biomass kg water-1) showed an increasing trend, with winter wheat TUE changing from 4.76 in the historical period to 6.17 and 7.08 g kg-1 in 2070s, depending on AEC. Compared to the baseline, total grain yield by the 2070s in the region was projected to increase in the range of 18% to 48% (RCP 4.5) and 30% to 65% (RCP 8.5), depending on AEC. As a consequence of these changes, compared to the historical baseline period, the future fraction of the area classified as CF decreased from 50% to 39-36%, CC increased from 16% to 24-28%, and CCF decreased slightly (~1%), with the greater change projected for the RCP 8.5 scenario.
Effects of climate change on zooplankton community interactions in an Alaskan lake

Ecological communities are organized by interactions among the biota, and between the biota and external environmental drivers that affect the dynamics of individual taxa. Climate change may alter communities in unexpected ways when environmental drivers have complex effects on individual species that are then transmitted indirectly to other species via biotic interactions. We used a multivariate autoregressive (MAR) modeling framework to assess the strengths of intrinsic interactions and extrinsic (environmental) forcing responsible for changes in the zooplankton community of a sockeye salmon nursery lake in southwestern Alaska from 1963 to 2009. During this time period there has been a strong trend towards earlier spring ice breakup dates and warmer summer water temperatures. MAR analyses of community time-series showed that water temperature was the dominant driver of change in the zooplankton community; competitive interactions were relatively rare, and only copepods (both cyclopoids and calanoids) were affected by predation (juvenile sockeye salmon). Best-fit community models were used to develop scenarios of zooplankton community composition under several different potential climate conditions and salmon densities and revealed the potential for a shift in the dominant zooplankton taxa in this lake, driven largely by taxon-specific sensitivity to climate and sockeye salmon predation. Simulations suggest that cladocerans will become more prevalent in this community and that calanoid copepods will suffer from ongoing climate warming. These results have important implications for fish in these northern lakes, as they suggest that the production of planktivorous fish should increase with ongoing climate change.
CD81 receptor expression in human cells: Implications for HCV therapeutics

Publisher Summary This chapter determines the level of expression in continuous cell culture systems and primary human cells to develop therapeutic modalities that prevent the binding of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to the CD81 receptor. The chapter also determines nine cell systems with the highest CD81 expression, using flow cytometric analysis. In the study discussed in the chapter, 23 polyoxometalates, a bicyclam, and three sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit CD81 binding, using the best cell system (CEM cells). Cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and then incubated for one hour with an isotype control or CD81-PE. It could also be fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde and then analyzed on a FACScalibur cell sorter. The cells were incubated with the compounds, washed, and processed. The lack of CD81 receptors on human HepG2 cells explains the inability to infect these cells with HCV. The results indicate that the capacity to mediate or inhibit HCV attachment by CD81 should be studied in primary human lymphocytes. The HCV envelope protein E2 binds to human CD81, a tetraspanin expressed on hepatocytes and lymphocytes. Inhibitors of this binding could also prevent HCV transmission.
Late Breaking Abstract - Focus groups designed tailored infographic visualizations to communicate asthma status to high-risk adults

Background: Although asthma control is achievable, uncontrolled asthma is common. Low health literacy is associated with higher rates of uncontrolled asthma, due in part, to suboptimal self-management skills. Self-management begins with an understanding of the rationale for the actions needed and infographic visualizations (IV) have been shown to positively influence self-management by enhancing comprehension of health status. Aims: To determine the comprehensibility, acceptability, and ability of tailored IVs to activate self-management intentions. Methods: Adults with persistent asthma and their loved ones participated in focus groups. Measures included the Newest Vital Sign [NVS] for health literacy and the Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ]. Subjects were presented with two IV prototypes for ACQ score (gradient reference range number line vs. stoplight) and for pulmonary function tests results (icon array vs. numeric table). We asked: What are we trying to convey? Which image, if any, do you prefer? How can the image be improved? Would this image motivate you to address your asthma? Results: Six focus groups were held (April-May 2017) with 46 adults (100% African American; 67% female; 70% with asthma [78% with uncontrolled asthma; n = 25]; 72% with likelihood of marginal or limited health literacy. Despite design iterations based on feedback, neither PFT IV was comprehensible. However, good comprehension and activation were associated with the ACQ number line. Participants were enthusiastic about receiving asthma status via tailored IV. Conclusions: IVs can enhance comprehension but require robust design methods to confirm their interpretability by the target audience.