cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Intronic Ikaros-binding Element Mediates Retinoic Acid Suppression of the Kappa Opioid Receptor Gene, Accompanied by Histone Deacetylation on the Promoters

The mouse kappa opioid receptor (KOR) gene is constitutively expressed in mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 stem cells and suppressed by retinoic acid (RA) in cells undergoing neuronal differentiation. A negative regulatory element is located within intron 1 of the KOR gene, which contains an Ikaros (Ik)-binding site (GGGAAgGGGAT). This sequence is an Ik-1 respondive, functionally negative element as demonstrated in the context of both natural KOR and heterologous promoters. The two underlined G residues of the second half-site are critical for Ik-1 binding and Ik-mediated repression of the KOR gene. RA induces Ik-1 expression within 1 day of treatment and suppresses KOR expression between 2 and 3 days. Overexpression of Ik-1 in P19 suppresses endogenous KOR gene expression, accompanied by increased binding of Ik-1 to the Ik-binding site and chromatin histone deacetylation on KOR promoters. It is proposed that in an RA-induced P19 differentiation model, RA elevates Ik-1 expression, which recruits histone deacetylase to intron 1 of the KOR gene and silences KOR gene promoters.
Activation of proto-oncogenes: an immediate early event in human cytomegalovirus infection

A rapid increase in the RNA levels of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc was detected after human cytomegalovirus infection. Neither inactivation of viral infectivity with ultraviolet irradiation (with or without psoralen), nor inhibition of translation with cycloheximide or anisomycin adversely affected the enhanced expression of proto-oncogenes, even though these treatments substantially reduced or eliminated the detection of immediate early viral antigens. The increase in the RNA levels of the proto-oncogenes was prevented in the presence of alpha-amanitin or actinomycin D. Thus, expression of these oncogenes appears to be induced by events occurring before the onset of viral protein synthesis, perhaps by the interaction of viral particles with the cell surface.
Behavioral laterality in individuals with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and basal ganglia alterations: A preliminary report

This study aims to investigate whether abnormalities in structural basal ganglia asymmetries in Tourette's syndrome (GTS) have functional significance. Eleven adult GTS patients and 11 normal controls who had participated in the previous MRI study where GTS patients lacked the normal left-greater-than-right (L > R) lenticular asymmetry were re-recruited. They were administered a battery of lateralizing neuropsychological tasks believed to require intact basal ganglia function. GTS subjects lacked normal functional asymmetries on these measures, as predicted. The neuropsychological measures also accounted for a significant portion of the variance in the severity of tic symptoms. These findings suggest that GTS subjects who lack normal basal ganglia structural asymmetries also lack normal functional asymmetries on related neuropsychological measures.
Vessel dilator: Most potent of the atrial natriuretic peptides in decreasing the number and DNA synthesis of human squamous lung cancer cells

Within 24 h four peptide hormones, i.e. vessel dilator, long acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide, and atrial natriuretic peptide and their intracellular mediator cyclic GMP decreased the number of human squamous lung cancer cells 51, 22, 25, 21, and 30%, respectively. There was not any proliferation in the 3 days following this decrease in cell number. Vessel dilator decreased DNA synthesis 85% in the squamous lung cancer cells. Thus, vessel dilator significantly decreased the number of human squamous lung cancer cells and their DNA synthesis, mediated in part by cyclic GMP, more than other peptide hormones.
Protection of prostatic acid phosphatase activity in human serum samples by plasmin inhibitors.

Background: The level of prostatic acid phosphatase in serum is an established marker for prostate carcinoma. Methods: Inactivation of homogeneous prostatic acid phosphatase from human seminal fluid by purified plasmin and human serum was studied in the presence and absence of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, a plasmin inhibitor, or phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, a serine protease inhibitor. Results: Plasmin or serine protease inhibitors protect against prostatic acid phosphatase inactivation in serum samples. Conclusion: The immediate addition of serine protease inhibitors to serum samples taken for prostatic acid phosphatase determinations should provide more accurate results and permit extended storage of samples. The stabilization of the enzyme activity and immunological properties of prostatic acid phosphatase in blood samples by these protease inhibitors resurrects the clinical significance of prostatic acid phosphatase measurements in prostate cancer screenings.
Level sets on non-planar manifolds for ridge detection on isosurfaces

We describe an algorithm for evolving a level set on a non-planar manifold like the isosurface of a 3D object. The surface is represented by a triangular mesh and the feature that guides our level set via a speed function is its curvature. We overcome the difficulty of computing the gradient and curvature of the level set distance function on a non-planar, non-Cartesian mesh by performing the calculations locally in neighborhoods small enough to be considered planar. Moreover we use a least squares estimation of derivatives to replace finite differences and achieve better accuracy. The algorithm was motivated by our need to detect the ridge lines of vertebral bodies. The advantage of using level sets is that they are capable of producing a continuous ridge line despite noise and gaps in the ridge. We tested our algorithm on 40 vertebral bodies (80 ridge lines). 76 ridge lines showed no noticeable mistakes. The same set of parameters was used. For the remaining 4, we had to change the parameters of the speed function sigmoid to correct small under- or over-segmenting. To further test our algorithm we designed a synthetic surface with large curvature and to which we added noise and a ridge. The level set was able to evolve on the surface and stop at the ridge. Tests on synthetic cylinders with a ground truth ridge and to which we added noise indicate that the level set has good accuracy.
Feasibility and Response to Induction Chemotherapy Intensified With High-Dose Methotrexate for Young Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Disseminated Medulloblastoma

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of and response rate to an intensified induction chemotherapy regimen for young children with newly diagnosed high-risk or disseminated medulloblastomas. Patients and Methods From January 1997 to March 2003, 21 patients with high-risk or disseminated medulloblastoma were enrolled. After maximal surgical resection, patients were treated with five cycles of vincristine (0.05 mg/kg/wk × three doses per cycle for three cycles), cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg per cycle), etoposide (4 mg/kg/d × 2 days per cycle), cyclophosphamide (65 mg/kg/d × 2 days per cycle) with mesna, and methotrexate (400 mg/kg per cycle) with leucovorin rescue. Following induction chemotherapy, eligible patients underwent a single myeloablative chemotherapy cycle with autologous stem-cell rescue. Results Significant toxicities of this intensified regimen, including gastrointestinal and infectious toxicities, are described. Among the 21 patients enrolled, there were 17 complete responses (81%), two partial respon...
Formation of one-dimensional patterns by stochastic processes and by filamentous blue-green algae.

Abstract The distribution of distances between centers in a pattern arising on a line, based on the Johnson-Mehl and associated models, is investigated analytically and by computer simulation. The distribution of spacings between heterocysts arising in a filament initially free of heterocysts was found to differ from the distribution expected if cells differentiating into heterocysts inhibit nearby cells from so differentiating by means of an undamped domino effect, and to approximate the distribution expected if inhibition is by a diffusion phenomenon. The data presented support the premise that the inhibition, by heterocysts, of heterocyst formation is mediated by a diffusible substance produced by heterocysts. The inhibition can be impaired by rifampicin.
Deterministic models of accumulation conveyor dynamics

Abstract This paper presents equations for determining the bounds on maximum throughput capacity, the length of conveyor required for accumulation, and the time for a queue to dissipate after blocking the flow on a live roller and on a zero pressure accumulation conveyor. Input flow in ease-feet per minute is assumed to be known and deterministic but may be either less, or greater, than the capacity of the output metering belt.
Numerical study of heat and mass transfer in lithium bromide-water falling films and droplets

Abstract The absorber has the largest impact on the performance of an absorption heat pump. Most models of absorption heat and mass transfer in horizontal tube banks make simplistic assumptions about flow mechanisms. The flow over tube banks actually occurs as wavy films on the tube surface and as droplets in the inter-tube space. The formation and detachment of these droplets, and their impact on the tube affects heat and mass transfer considerably. Absorption models in the literature typically assume the solution to flow as a uniform film. The present study models heat and mass transfer in the absorber while accounting for the realistic drop-wise and wavy film flow patterns. The significant effects of mixing and the waves caused by droplet impact on heat and mass transfer are successfully modeled with full 3-D spatial and temporal resolution using the Volume of Fluid technique.
Models for excluded volume interaction between an unfolded protein and rigid macromolecular cosolutes: macromolecular crowding and protein stability revisited.

Abstract Statistical-thermodynamic models for the excluded volume interaction between an unfolded polypeptide chain and a hard sphere or hard rod cosolute are presented, permitting estimation of the free energy of transfer of a polypeptide chain with fixed radius of gyration from a dilute (ideal) solution to a solution containing volume fraction ϕ of either cosolute. Also presented is a general thermodynamic description of the equilibrium between a unique native state and a manifold of unfolded or partially unfolded states of a protein distinguished by their respective radii of gyration. Together with results of a Monte Carlo calculation of the distribution of radii of gyration of four different unfolded proteins published by Goldenberg in 2003, these models are used to estimate the effect of intermolecular excluded volume upon an experimentally measurable apparent two-state constant for equilibrium between native and nonnative conformations of each of the four proteins, and upon the experimentally measurable root mean-square radius of gyration of the unfolded protein. Model calculations predict that addition of inert cosolutes at volume fractions exceeding 0.1 stabilizes the native state relative to unfolded states by an amount that increases strongly with ϕ and with the size of the native protein relative to the size of inert cosolute, and results in significant compaction of the manifold of unfolded states. Predicted effects are in qualitative and/or semiquantitative accord with the results of several published experimental studies.
Scholarly Collaboration in the HASTAC Social Network

In this paper we test the hypothesis that activity of HATAC Scholars in the academic social network is associated with academic output. The quantitative data used for this study was collected from the scholarly social network HASTAC and complemented with a qualitative survey collected from 123 students and recent alumni of the HASTAC Scholars Program. Our results partially support the hypothesis that activity in scholarly networks is associated with academic output, and show that Scholars who both collaborated online and published their academic work together bridge structural holes in the network.
Transgender Clients: Identifying and Minimizing Barriers to Mental Health Treatment

This study examined mental healthcare use and barriers to mental healthcare utilization in a sample of 130 transgender volunteers. Roughly a third of participants sought treatment for mental health issues including depression, anxiety, and relationship problems. Sixty-eight participants (52% of sample) showed evidence of psychological distress but had not received mental health services in the past year. Results point to potential barriers to seeking mental health services. Specifically, cost of treatment, previous bad experiences with healthcare, fear of treatment, and stigma concerns were the most frequently endorsed barriers related to seeking mental health services. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Large Cross-Section Enhancement and Intramolecular Energy Transfer upon Multiphoton Absorption of Hindered Diphenylaminofluorene-C60 Dyads and Triads

Sterically hindered fullerenyl chromophore dyad and triads, C60(>DPAF-C9)x (x = 1 and 2, respectively), in an acceptor−donor (A−D) molecular linkage of C60-(keto-fluorene)x were synthesized and fully characterized. Attachment of two 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl groups on C9 of the fluorene ring moiety greatly improves their solubility and makes direct intermolecular aromatic stacking contacts more difficult. They are the first series of fullerene derivatives showing high three-photon absorptivity (3PA). Accordingly, C60(>DPAF-C9)2 exhibits 2PA and 3PA cross sections in the values of 0.824 × 10-48 cm4 s (or 82.4 GM) and 6.30 × 10-25 cm6/GW2, respectively, in femtosecond region among the highest ones reported for many diphenylaminofluorene-derived AFX chromophores. Utilization of a keto linker located immediately between C60 cage and fluorene chromophore moieties facilitates molecular polarization of the DPAF ring toward the C60 cage. That may serve as the fundamental cause for correlation of enhanced A−D electron ...
Bulk polymerization and characterization of isocyanatoacrylate copolymers

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare by bulk polymerization six new isocyanatoacrylate copolymers and to characterize them. The isocyanatoacrylate copolymers, which were prepared by tri-n-butylborane oxide (TBBO)-initiated free-radical polymerization, were formed from 1 : 1 mol mixtures of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), 2-hydroxyethyl thiomethacrylate (HETMA), ethylthioethyl methacrylate (ETEMA), 2-(acetoxyacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AAEMA), and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA). These six copolymers were compared to the homopolymer of IEM, which was polymerized in an identical fashion. The bulk polymers were fractionated into their acetone-soluble and acetone-insoluble components. Physical characterization via photoacoustic infrared (PASIR) spectroscopy showed vast differences in residual isocyanate content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis was carried out on all polymers. Elemental analysis (nitrogen) determined the ratio of IEM to the comonomer and boron analysis showed whether the initiator stayed in the acetone-insoluble fraction or was extracted into the acetone-soluble fraction. In conclusion, we found that the composition of the copolymers correlated well with the predicted design.
CH3NH3Cl-Assisted One-Step Solution Growth of CH3NH3PbI3: Structure, Charge-Carrier Dynamics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells

We demonstrate a novel one-step solution approach to prepare perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 films by adding CH3NH3Cl (or MACl) to the standard CH3NH3PbI3 precursor (equimolar mixture of CH3NH3I and PbI2) solution. The use of MACl strongly affects the crystallization process of forming pure CH3NH3PbI3, leading not only to enhanced absorption of CH3NH3PbI3 but also to significantly improved coverage of CH3NH3PbI3 on a planar substrate. Compared to the standard one-step solution approach for CH3NH3PbI3, using MACl improves the performance of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells from about 2% to 12% for the planar cell structure and from about 8% to 10% for the mesostructured device architecture. Although we find no significant effect of using MACl on charge transport and recombination in mesostructured perovskite cells, the recombination resistance for planar cells increases by 1–2 orders of magnitude by using MACl. These results suggest that this new one-step solution approach is promising for controlling CH3NH3PbI3 growth to ach...
Analysis of 256 gastroscopies performed at Bellevue Hospital

Gastroscopic findings of 256 examinations peformed on 237 patients are recorded and discussed. The incidence of various lesions as described by Schindler are found to closely approximate his percentages. The analysis of the results further emphasizes the importance of gastritis in patients with chronic gastro-intestinal complaints. This finding is particularly important in explaining the persistence of symptoms post-operatively. The contributions obtained from gastroscopic examination in patients in the cancer age makes its inclusion imperative in the routine diagnostic study of this group.
Differential influence of rat liver fatty acid binding protein isoforms on phospholipid fatty acid composition: Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and phospholipid fatty acid remodeling

Abstract The ability of two rat liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) isoforms to influence microsomal phosphatidic acid biosynthesis, a key intermediate in glycerolipid formation, and phospholipid fatty acid remodeling was examined in vitro. Isoform I enhanced microsomal incorporation of [1- 14 C ]-oleoyl-CoA into phosphatidic acid 7-fold while isoform II had no effect relative to basal. In contrast, isoform II enhanced microsomal incorporation of [1- 14 C ]-palmitoyl-CoA into phosphatidic acid 4-fold while isoform I had no effect. These results suggest that each L-FABP isoform selectively utilized different acyl-CoAs for glycerol-3-phosphate esterification. Both isoforms stimulated phosphatidic acid formation by increasing glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity, not by increasing lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity. Furthermore, the effects of L-FABP on phosphatidic acid biosynthesis could not be correlated with protection from acyl-CoA hydrolysis. L-FABP isoforms also influenced phospholipid fatty acid remodeling in a phospholipid-dependent manner. Isoform I preferentially enhanced oleate and palmitate esterification into phosphatidylethanol-amine, while isoform II stimulated esterification into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Taken together, these data demonstrated a unique role of each L-FABP isoform in modulating microsomally derived phospholipid fatty acid composition.
Symptom management and psychosocial outcomes following cancer.

Transition from the completion of cancer treatment to post-treatment is a pivotal first step in survivorship. Following the end of treatment patients may experience lingering symptoms, compromised physical function, and emotional distress. Within the larger survivorship literature less attention has been devoted to this immediate post acute treatment period. To organize this review a post-treatment risk model is presented; it is informed by the emotional health and comorbid conditions patients bring to their treatment. When integrated with the aggressiveness of treatment(s), the side effects experienced, and emotional responses, this profile defines and characterizes patients’ post-treatment needs. Some patients need little more than a standard survivorship care plan with clearly defined shared care responsibilities for the oncologist and primary care physician. Others need more and varied forms of assistance. This review documents the range of physical and psychosocial problems patients’ face as they transition from active treatment to survivorship. We conclude with suggestions for future research tailored to patient’s post-treatment needs for care.
Characterization of a dextran-based bifunctional calcium indicator immobilized in cells by the enzymatic addition of isoprenoid lipids

Cellular processes can be controlled by cell-wide increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration or, alternatively, by localized Ca2+ signals in micro- and nano-domains. The experimental characterization of such localized Ca2+ signals would be facilitated using an immobilized Ca2+ indicator, which could prevent the accelerated spatial spreading of Ca2+ ions that is mediated by binding to diffusible indicators. Here we characterize a dextran-based Ca2+ indicator (CAAX-green) that becomes immobilized in the cytosol by an enzyme-mediated addition of a geranylgeranyl lipid group. CAAX-green consists of a dextran backbone with an attached Ca(2+)-green as well as an 11 residue peptide ending in a C-terminal CAAX-motif. Once introduced into cells by microporation, geranylgeranyl lipid groups are attached to the CAAX peptides by cytosolic enzymes. Measurements in tumor mastcells, myocytes and fibroblasts showed that the indicator becomes membrane attached between 30 min and 1 h following incorporation into the cytoplasm. A time-dependent 10-fold reduction of the diffusion coefficient and a parallel increase in the cytosolic retention after permeabilization indicates that at least 90% of cellular CAAX-green is immobilized. The KD of the indicator in permeabilized cells is 0.65 microM. Overall, these properties make CAAX-green well suited for the investigation of localized Ca2+ signals in a variety of cell types.
The modulation of prostaglandin synthesis by peritoneal fluids.

Abstract Biological fluids from several sources (e.g. blood, fertal urine, amniotic fluid) have been shown to contain factors that modulate prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. In this study, we investigated the possibility that peritoneal fluid contains substances that may regulate PG synthesis. Peritoneal fluids were obtained from women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility. Fluids from women without evident pelvic pathology were incubated with prostaglansin synthase prepared from bull seminal vesicles in the presence of excess arachidonic acid, and the production of PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and 6-keto-PGF 1α was quantified by specific radioimmunoassay. The untreated fluids potently the synthesis of PGE 2 but such inhibitory activity was not extractable by chloroform:methanol. An ultrafiltrate of the fluid containing molecular smaller than 10,000 Daltons stimulated PGF 2α synthesis but this activity was also lost after extraction. The extracted fluid did, however, stimulate the synthesis of prostacyclin (as reflected by 6-keto-PGF 1α ).
Use of Fibrinolysis in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious medical condition frequently diagnosed in the emergency department. It is a diagnosis which can be difficult to make, yet requires prompt treatment because of its high morbidity and mortality. There are various treatment options available that are chosen based on severity of disease (low-risk PE, submassive PE, and massive PE). In this article, we will focus on determining the level of severity of acute pulmonary embolism as well as the recommended treatment for patients within these three categories. Specifically, we will focus on the use of fibrinolysis in acute PE.
The Social Role of the Confession Magazine

So, while never lacking in readers, the editorial formula attracted, from the beginning, persons who probably had never before read magazines, persons with little education or purchasing power, persons whom other publishers had neglected because they were not the sort that advertisers were especially interested in reaching. (10, pp. 275-276) In the course of time, blatant amateurishness changed into the fine art of creating the illusion of homely authenticity. But the target audience remained the same. And it remained for the postWorld War II marketing revolution to discover the commercial and social
Calibre spectra of the lingual and hypoglossal nerves of the rhesus monkey.

The presence of muscle spindles in the tongue of the rhesus monkey and their absence in the cat's tongue, raises the question of whether this difference alters the structural and functional composition of, in particular, the rhesus monkey's hypoglossal nerve as compared to the same nerve in the cat. Using both random and complete sampling techniques, calibre spectra analyses were carried out on the following regions of the rhesus monkey's hypoglossal nerve: The medial and lateral end branches, and regions of the main trunk proximal and distal to the point where the ramus descendens is given off. In addition, the calibre spectrum of the lingual nerve was determined. The results suggested that neither the lingual nerve nor the proximal region of the hypoglossal nerve contained enough fibers of Group I diameter to justify the statement that they cintained spindle afferents. Distal to the point where the cervical contribution joins the hypoglossal nerve, however, the calibre spectrum exhibited a marked shift towards a closer resemblance to the spectra of limb muscle nerves in terms of the proportion of Group I diameter fibers. These findings suggested that although lingual spindle afferent fibers are present in the distal portion of the monkey's twelfth nerve, they may not reach the central nervous system in this nerve.
Treatment of CNS neoplasms in childhood by the pediatric oncology group

The incidence of brain tumors in children under 15 years of age in the United States is 2.4/100,000. Based upon a US population of approximately 60 million black and white children, there are only 1,200–1,500 newly diagnosed cases of CNS neoplasia diagnosed in children each year in the US. These relatively small numbers, the large geographic dispersion, and the multitude of histologic types, make it unlikely that all but a few medical centers can develop a large experience with this diverse group of tumors. The Brain Tumor Committee (BTC) of the Pediatric Oncology Group was formed, in part, to address this problem. Each of the four goals of the BTC will be addressed separately. A justification for the rationale for each goal is given, following which there is a discussion of how each goal is being met.
Relativistic duality, and relativistic and radiative corrections for heavy-quark systems

We give a JWKB proof of a relativistic duality relation which relates an appropriate energy average of the physical cross section for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\overline{q}$ bound states \ensuremath{\rightarrow} hadrons to the same energy average of the perturbative cross section for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\overline{q}$. We show that the duality relation can be used effectively to estimate relativistic and radiative corrections for bound-quark systems to order ${{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}}^{2}$. We also present a formula which relates the square of the "large" $^{3}S_{1}$ Salpeter-Bethe-Schwinger wave function for zero space-time separation of the quarks to the square of the nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger wave function at the origin for an effective potential which reproduces the relativistic spectrum. This formula allows one to use the nonrelativistic wave functions obtained in potential models fitted to the $\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ spectra to calculate relativistic leptonic widths for $q\overline{q}$ states via a relativistic version of the Van Royen - Weisskopf formula.
Feedback to Suppress Beam Insiabiiliiies in Future Proton Rings

Criteria for the design of feedback systems to suppress coherent beam instabilities are presented. These address starting amplitudes, diffusion from noise during damping or long storage, and choice of kicker. As a model for future accelerators, specifications of the proposed 20 leV SSC are used to calculate parameters of systems to control expected instabilities. A scenario and hardware to stabilize the transverse mode-coupling instability is examined. The scale of the systems is large but not out of scale with the large ring.
Calculated and experimental stresses in solid and ring slot parachutes

Conclusions The harmonic gradient and the source distribution methods for computing supersonic aerodynamics are compared using the F-18 as a test case. For rigid-body modes, good agreement in pressure distributions is observed except for high reduced frequencies and near the wing tip. For oscillating flaps and control surfaces, the SPIP program requires a large number of source points to give the proper pressure jump across the hinge line, while the ZONA51C code handles the sharp pressure change quite satisfactorily without requiring additional elements to be placed near the hinge line. Flutter results for the F-18 wing agree very well between these two aerodynamic methods.
Appearance of a Purkinje shift in the developing retina of the chick

The development of rod and cone function was studied in late embryonic and posthatch chicks by measuring the spectral sensitivity of the electroretinogram (ERG) of opened eyecups to 100-msec flashes and 25-Hz stimuli. At the time of hatching the ERG is dominated by cone activity: the response-energy curves for different wavelengths are parallel, and the spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted eye is maximal near 580 nm. During the first week after hatching, rods make a progressively greater contribution to the ERG: the response-energy functions cease to be parallel, and the spectral sensitivity maximum to dim flashes moves to about 510 nm while the maximum for brighter lights remains at 580 nm. Only the cones are able to follow the 25-Hz stimulus. Spectral sensitivity of the eye to 25-Hz stimuli, measured on red- or orange-adapting backgrounds, reveals the presence at the time of hatching of two photopic processes with lambda max at 415 nm and 580 nm, with evidence for a third in the region 470-510 nm.
Asymptotic and finite-sample correlations between OBM estimators

Linear combinations of estimators offer a variety of good computational and statistical properties. The values of the optimal linear-combination weights depend upon the estimators' covariances. We investigate the asymptotic covariances and correlations between overlapping-batch-means estimators of the variance of the sample mean when applied to a common sample from a stationary finite-order moving-average data process. After reviewing the asymptotic formulas, we report a Monte Carlo study that suggests that the asymptotic correlation formula provides a good approximation to the true finite-sample correlation if (1) the sample size n is at least several multiples of /spl gamma/0 and (2) the both batch sizes are between /spl gamma/0 and n/2, where /spl gamma/0 is the sum of all autocorrelation.
Frequency Domain Channel Estimation for OFDM Based on Slepian Basis Expansion

In this paper we propose a low complexity frequency domain channel estimator for pilot-symbol-assisted (PSA) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a low mobility environment. We consider a situation where the receiver needs to estimate multipath channel with low complexity when only limited channel information is available. The proposed scheme relies on a recently proposed model, the Slepian basis expansion model, where Slepian sequences are used to exploit channel correlation in time. However, in slow fading channels, the length of the required Slepian sequence is very long and thus decoding complexity increases. To achieve accurate channel estimation with low complexity, we propose to utilize the Slepian sequences to exploit the frequency correlation of the channel. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimator outperforms the channel estimator based on the exponential basis expansion model where the channel is approximated as a linear combination of complex exponential functions.
Regions of ultimate boundedness for the problem of Lur'e

Regions of boundedness are found for systems of the Lur'e type when the nonlinearity leaves the Popov sector in a neighbourhood of the origin, but remains bounded there.
Preliminary evidence of diurnal rhythms in everyday behaviors associated with positive affect

The authors used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) to track within-day variability in everyday behaviors associated with positive and negative affect across two samples. The EAR is a portable audio recorder that periodically samples snippets of ambient sounds from participants’ momentary environments. The recorded sounds are then coded for different behaviors. The study tested whether previous findings regarding diurnal patterns in self-reported mood extend to naturalistically observed behavior. Across both samples, behavior associated with positive affect (i.e., socializing, laughing, and singing) varied according to a sinusoidal 24-h rhythm centered around participants’ average waketime while behavior associated with negative affect (i.e., arguing and sighing) did not. Further, there was preliminary evidence that personality traits can moderate these rhythms (e.g., their amplitude).
Improving video classification via youtube video co-watch data

Classification of web-based videos is an important task with many applications in video search and ads targeting. However, collecting labeled data needed for classifier training may be prohibitively expensive. Semi-supervised learning provides a possible solution whereby inexpensive but noisy weakly-labeled data is used instead. In this paper, we explore an approach which exploits YouTube video co-watch data to improve the performance of a video taxonomic classification system. A graph is built whereby edges are created based on video co-watch relationships and weakly-labeled videos are selected for classifier training through local graph clustering. Evaluation is performed by comparing against classifiers trained using manually labeled web documents and videos. We find that data collected through the proposed approach can be used to train competitive classifiers versus the state of the art, particularly in the absence of expensive manually-labeled data.
Lise Meitner und die Kernspaltung: „Fallout”︁ der Entdeckung

Uber Lise Meitner ist viel geschrieben worden, und doch ist sie immer eine Randfigur geblieben. Uber ihre bahnbrechenden Leistungen in der Kernphysik ist nur wenig bekannt, ihren Namen assoziiert man hauptsachlich mit der Kernspaltung; die Anerkennung ihres Anteils an dieser Entdeckung blieb ihr jedoch verwehrt. Insbesondere in Deutschland haben die Akteure dieses Szenarios ihren festen Platz: Otto Hahn im Rampenlicht, Fritz Strasmann in seinem Schatten, Lise Meitner nur schemenhaft am Rande des Geschehens erkennbar. Uber ihre Rolle last sich spekulieren. Die Ostberliner Schriftstellerin Renate Feyl bezeichnet Lise Meitners Lebenswerk als „gekront mit dem Nobel-Preis fur Otto Hahn”[1]; K.-E. Zimen, ehemaliger Direktor eines nach ihr benannten Instituts, stellt sie als diejenige dar, die der Entdeckung von Anfang an im Wege stand[2]. Oft tritt sie lediglich als Hahns Mitarbeiterin[3] in Erscheinung; zuweilen sucht man vergeblich nach ihr, wie z.B. in einem der bedeutendsten Wissenschaftsmuseen der Welt11 , in dem 30 Jahre lang[4] der Arbeitstisch mit der Spaltapparatur - von Lise Meitner in ihrem Laboratorium in ihrer Physikabteilung des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts fur Chemie aufgebaut - zu sehen war, ohne das ihr Name in diesem Zusammenhang uberhaupt genannt wurde. Die Akteure selbst sind unterschiedlicher Meinung. In seinen Memoiren hat Hahn erstaunlich wenig uber seine langjahrige intensive berufliche und freundschaftliche Verbindung mit Lise Meitner zu sagen. Nur bei einem Glas Wein, so erfahrt der Leser, „konnte ihm die Auserung entschlupfen:, Ich weiss nicht; ich furchte, Lischen hatte mir die Uranspaltung verboten”[5]. Strasmann betont: „Lise Meitner war die geistig Fuhrende in unserem Team gewesen”[6]! Von Lise Meitner selbst liegt keine Autobiographie vor; die umfangreiche Sammlung von Briefen und Dokumenten aus ihrem Nachlas jedoch ermoglicht es uns, weit mehr zu erfahren.
I. Localization of Mu class glutathione-S-transferase in the forebrains of neonatal and young rats : implications for astrocyte development

The Yb (Mu class) isoform of glutathione-S-transferase has recently been localized in ependymal cells, subependymal cells, and astrocytes in the forebrains of rats 3 weeks to adult in age. It was not known, however, at what age Mu might first be observed during postnatal development and whether the first cells in which it was found would be immature astrocytes or some less differentiated glial precursor cell, if the latter were present in vivo. Tissue sections from the forebrains of neonatal to 16 day old rats were immunostained with antibodies against Mu. In neonates Mu was observed in vimentin-positive cells and their processes adjacent to the lateral ventricles, and in the corpus striatum. The colocalization with vimentin suggested that these were subependymal cells and radial glia. In the corpus striatum the radial glia, while still vimentin-positive, rapidly lost Mu from their radial cell processes, whereas the cell-bodies remained Mu-positive. During the first postnatal week the Mu-positive, glial-fibrillary-acidicprotein (GFAP)-positive cell bodies of immature astrocytes appeared in the corpus striatum. The earliest Mu-positive cells in the immature white matter of the corpus callosum were vimentin-positive and had striking longitudinal processes that also were vimentin- and Mu-positive, Like the processes of radial glia, the longitudinal processes lost their Muimmunoreactivity, only later and more gradually. Mu-positive, GFAP-positive cells appeared later in the corpus callosum than in the corpus striatum. The data suggest that (1) Mu is localized in the astrocyte line in the rat brain at all postnatal ages; (2) astrocytes in the white matter may have precursors corresponding to those of astrocytes in gray matter, but developing several days later; and (3) the loss of Mu from radial glial processes may be an early event in the retraction of those processes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
All-to-all broadcast on switch-based clusters of workstations

This paper presents efficient all-to-all broadcast algorithms for arbitrary irregular networks with switch-based wormhole interconnection and unicast message passing. First, all-to-all broadcast is considered within a single switch cluster. Both combining and non-combining algorithms are compared via analytical modeling and simulation. The characteristics of optimal all-to-all broadcast operation are considered and applied to the development of multiswitch algorithms. The single switch algorithms are considered on two switch clusters and a near-optimal algorithm is developed which schedules use of interconnecting links where the potential for link contention exists. Finally, the link scheduling concept is extended to handle arbitrary irregular networks. Operation of this algorithm is simulated on a 128-node irregular network, and shows a 27.1% improvement in performance compared to other algorithms.
Perceptual learning without feedback and the stability of stereoscopic slant estimation.

Subjects were examined for practice effects in a stereoscopic slant-estimation task involving surfaces that comprised a large portion of the visual field. In most subjects slant estimation was significantly affected by practice, but only when an isolated surface (an absolute disparity gradient) was present in the visual field. When a second, unslanted, surface was visible (providing a second disparity gradient and thereby also a relative disparity gradient) none of the subjects exhibited practice effects. Apparently, stereoscopic slant estimation is more robust or stable over time in the presence of a second surface than in its absence. In order to relate the practice effects, which occurred without feedback, to perceptual learning, results are interpreted within a cue-interaction framework. In this paradigm the contribution of a cue depends on its reliability. It is suggested that normally absolute disparity gradients contribute relatively little to perceived slant and that subjects learn to increase this contribution by utilizing proprioceptive information. It is argued thatgiven the limited computational power of the braina relatively small contribution of absolute disparity gradients in perceived slant enhances the stability of stereoscopic slant perception.
Extinction, coexistence, and localized patterns of a bacterial population with contact-dependent inhibition

Contact-dependent inhibition (CDI) has been recently revealed as an intriguing but ubiquitous mechanism for bacterial competition in which a species injects toxins into its competitors through direct physical contact for growth suppression. Although the molecular and genetic aspects of CDI systems are being increasingly explored, a quantitative and systematic picture of how CDI systems benefit population competition and hence alter corresponding competition outcomes is not well elucidated. By constructing a mathematical model for a population consisting of CDI+ and CDI- species, we have systematically investigated the dynamics and possible outcomes of population competition. In the well-mixed case, we found that the two species are mutually exclusive: Competition always results in extinction for one of the two species, with the winner determined by the tradeoff between the competitive benefit of the CDI+ species and its growth disadvantage from increased metabolic burden. Initial conditions in certain circumstances can also alter the outcome of competition. In the spatial case, in addition to exclusive extinction, coexistence and localized patterns may emerge from population competition. For spatial coexistence, population diffusion is also important in influencing the outcome. Using a set of illustrative examples, we further showed that our results hold true when the competition of the population is extended from one to two dimensional space. We have revealed that the competition of a population with CDI can produce diverse patterns, including extinction, coexistence, and localized aggregation. The emergence, relative abundance, and characteristic features of these patterns are collectively determined by the competitive benefit of CDI and its growth disadvantage for a given rate of population diffusion. Thus, this study provides a systematic and statistical view of CDI-based bacterial population competition, expanding the spectrum of our knowledge about CDI systems and possibly facilitating new experimental tests for a deeper understanding of bacterial interactions.
Psychometric Properties and Reference Point Data for the Revised Edition of the School Observation Coding System

The psychometric properties of a new observation coding system for children's disruptive classroom behavior were evaluated. The Revised Edition of the School Observation Coding System (REDSOCS) was used to observe 51 young children clinic-referred for conduct-disordered behavior and 182 nonreferred children from the classrooms of the referred children. Reference point data for the REDSOCS categories with preschoolers were obtained from the sample of nonreferred children. Interobserver reliability and concurrent validity of the three REDSOCS categories with teacher rating scales of oppositional behavior and hyperactivity were demonstrated. Initial evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was established through correlations of the REDSOCS categories with the subscales of the Revised Conners Teacher Rating Scale. Differences in REDSOCS scores between the nonreferred children and children referred for school behavior problems provided
Optimization of plastisol processes by dynamic mechanical analysis

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) can be a particularly useful tool for studying PVC plastisol manufacturing processes. DMA temperature sweeps are uniquely able to characterize plastisol gelation and fusion behavior under low shear stress conditions that are similar to conditions found in many commercial plastisol processing operations. Dynamic mechanical analysis is also well-suited for studying plastisol melt viscosities at low shear rates such as might be encountered in a flexible PVC foaming process or rotomolding process. Likewise, DMA rate sweeps or strain sweeps can give insights into self-association and flow properties in a plastisol which ordinary viscometers cannot provide. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:151–154, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Protein subcellular location pattern classification in cellular images using latent discriminative models

Motivation: Knowledge of the subcellular location of a protein is crucial for understanding its functions. The subcellular pattern of a protein is typically represented as the set of cellular components in which it is located, and an important task is to determine this set from microscope images. In this article, we address this classification problem using confocal immunofluorescence images from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project. The HPA contains images of cells stained for many proteins; each is also stained for three reference components, but there are many other components that are invisible. Given one such cell, the task is to classify the pattern type of the stained protein. We first randomly select local image regions within the cells, and then extract various carefully designed features from these regions. This region-based approach enables us to explicitly study the relationship between proteins and different cell components, as well as the interactions between these components. To achieve these two goals, we propose two discriminative models that extend logistic regression with structured latent variables. The first model allows the same protein pattern class to be expressed differently according to the underlying components in different regions. The second model further captures the spatial dependencies between the components within the same cell so that we can better infer these components. To learn these models, we propose a fast approximate algorithm for inference, and then use gradient-based methods to maximize the data likelihood. Results: In the experiments, we show that the proposed models help improve the classification accuracies on synthetic data and real cellular images. The best overall accuracy we report in this article for classifying 942 proteins into 13 classes of patterns is about 84.6%, which to our knowledge is the best so far. In addition, the dependencies learned are consistent with prior knowledge of cell organization. Availability: http://murphylab.web.cmu.edu/software/. Contact:Jeff.Schneider@cs.cmu.edu, murphy@cmu.edu
Vertex space analysis and its application to model based object recognition

The author discusses some of the properties of vertex space, including insensitivity to changes in scale, orientation, and partial object occlusion, and how these properties relate to problems in model-based object recognition. He also describes techniques developed for 2-D and 3-D object recognition using vertex space. The vertex-space approach to object recognition is powerful and efficient, deals well with missing information, and does not require conventional region segmentation. Results to date and an indication of future research directions are presented. >
THE IMPACT OF RAPID RAIL TRANSIT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- THE CASE OF ATLANTA'S MARTA.

Abstract This paper uses a simultaneous model of census tract population and employment to study the economic impacts of Atlanta's MARTA rail transit system. The results indicated that MARTA has had no discernible impact on total population or employment in station areas, but it has altered the composition of employment in these areas in favor of the public sector.