cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Geospatial Mixed Methods Approach to Assessing Campus Safety

BACKGROUND: While there is no panacea for alleviating campus safety concerns, safety experts agree that one of the key components to an effective campus security plan is monitoring the environment. Despite previous attempts to measure campus safety, quantifying perceptions of fear, safety, and risk remains a challenging issue. Since perceptions of safety and incidents of crime do not necessarily mirror one another, both were utilized in this investigation. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative, mixed methods approach for assessing campus safety at a large, urban campus in the southeast region of the United States. METHOD: A concurrent triangulation design was implemented to allow investigators the opportunity to collect qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously and integrate results in the interpretation phase. Data were collected from four distinct sources of information. RESULTS: Student focus groups yielded data regarding perceptions of risk, and kernel density analysis was used to identify "hot spots" of campus crime incidents. CONCLUSION: While in many cases perceived risk and actual crime incidents were associated, incidents of hot spots of each type occurred independently with such frequency that an overall correlation of the two was not significant. Accordingly, while no significant correlation between perceived risk and crime incidents was confirmed statistically, the geospatial integration of these data suggested three types of safety conditions. Further, the combination of focus group data and spatial analyses provided a more comprehensive and, therefore, more complete understanding of the multifaceted issues related to campus safety. Language: en
Increased UV resistance of a xeroderma pigmentosum revertant cell line is correlated with selective repair of the transcribed strand of an expressed gene.

Abstract A UV-resistant revertant (XP129) of a xeroderma pigmentosum group A cell line has been reported to be totally deficient in repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) but proficient in repair of 6-4 photoproducts. This finding has been interpreted to mean that CPDs play no role in cell killing by UV. We have analyzed the fine structure of repair of CPDs in the dihydrofolate reductase gene in the revertant. In this essential, active gene, we observe that repair of the transcribed strand is as efficient as that in normal, repair-proficient human cells, but repair of the nontranscribed strand is not. Within 4 h after UV at 7.5 J/m2, over 50% of the CPDs were removed, and by 8 h, 80% of the CPDs were removed. In contrast, there was essentially no removal from the nontranscribed strand even by 24 h. Our results demonstrate that overall repair measurements can be misleading, and they support the hypothesis that removal of CPDs from the transcribed strands of expressed genes is essential for UV resistance.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain Behavior During Rehabilitation Exercises In Vivo

Before studying the biomechanical effects of rehabilitation exercises on the reconstructed knee, it is important to understand their effects on the normal anterior cruciate ligament. The objective of this investigation was to measure the strain behavior of this ligament during rehabilitation activities in vivo. Participants were patient volunteers with normal anterior cruciate ligaments instrumented with the Hall effect transducer. At 10 degrees and 20 degrees of flexion, ligament strain values for active extension of the knee with a weight of 45 N applied to a subject's lower leg were significantly greater than active motion without the weight. Isometric quadriceps muscle contraction at 15 degrees and 30 degrees also produced a significant increase in ligament strain, while at 60 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion there was no change in ligament strain relative to relaxed muscle condition. Simultaneous quadriceps and hamstrings muscles contraction at 15 degrees produced a significant increase in ligament strain compared with the relaxed state but did not strain the ligament at 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion. Isometric contraction of hamstrings muscles did not produce change in ligament strain at any flexion angle. Exercises that produce low or unstrained ligament values, and would not endanger a properly implanted graft, are either dominated by the hamstrings muscle (isometric hamstring), involve quadriceps muscle activity with the knee flexed at 60 degrees or greater (isometric quadriceps, simultaneous quadriceps and hamstrings contraction), or involve active knee motion between 35 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion.
Factors Associated With Electronic Cigarette Users' Device Preferences and Transition From First Generation to Advanced Generation Devices.

INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are becoming increasingly popular but little is known about how e-cig users' transition between the different device types and what device characteristics and preferences may influence the transition. METHODS Four thousand four hundred twenty-one experienced e-cig users completed an online survey about their e-cig use, devices, and preferences. Participants included in analysis were ever cigarette smokers who used an e-cig at least 30 days in their lifetime and who reported the type of their first and current e-cig device and the nicotine concentration of their liquid. Analyses focused on transitions between "first generation" devices (same size as a cigarette with no button) and "advanced generation" devices (larger than a cigarette with a manual button) and differences between current users of each device type. RESULTS Most e-cig users (n = 2603, 58.9%) began use with a first generation device, and of these users, 63.7% subsequently transitioned to current use of an advanced generation device. Among users who began use with an advanced generation device (n = 1818, 41.1%), only 5.7% transitioned to a first generation device. Seventy-seven percent of current advanced generation e-cig users switched to their current device in order to obtain a "more satisfying hit." Battery capabilities and liquid flavor choices also influenced device choice. CONCLUSION E-cig users commonly begin use with a device shaped like a cigarette and transition to a larger device with a more powerful battery, a button for manual activation and a wider choice of liquid flavors.
Applying a Compare/Contrast Process to Identifying Polysyllabic Words

To investigate the theory that readers might mediate the identification of an unfamiliar-in-print word by comparing and contrasting that word to known words, a population of readers was identified who were able to correctly pronounce com- mon one- and two-syllable words but unable to pronounce common polysyllabic words. From 117 fourth and fifth graders screened, forty subjects met the establish- ed criteria. Once randomly assigned, the 20 experimental subjects participated in 7½ hours of instruction designed to (1) teach them a cognitive word store of polysyllabic words and (2) develop a mind set towards identifying an unfamiliar word by compar- ing and contrasting an unknown word to known words. Post-test measures ad- ministered to both experimental and control subjects indicated that experimental sub- jects correctly identified more untaught polysyllabic words in isolation (p < .05) and in context (p < .01) than did control subjects. It was concluded that, within stated limitations, the results supported the hypothesis that readers might identify an un- familiar word by using an analogue or compare/contrast strategy. There appears to be convergence among reading theorists that reading is an in- teractive process. The focus of most current reading theorizing and research is on comprehension. Word identification, the "tail that wagged the dog" through much of our recent history in reading, is less often discussed in the current literature. Word identification, however, can also be viewed as an interactive process (Adams, 1979; Mosenthal, Walmsley, & Allington, 1978). Some words are immediately identifiable; others are identified almost immediately by the combined redundancy of context and letter/sound features. Occasionally, however, one encounters a word which is not immediately identifiable even with the aid of contextual redundancy and which is an important-to-meaning word which cannot simply be skipped over. How does one mediate the identification of that unfamiliar-in-print word? The traditional wisdom in reading would suggest that this mediated word identification takes place in a strictly bottom-up fashion as one analyzes the combinations of letters and applies syllable and phonics generalizations to these combinations. Choosing three words (a one-syllable word, a two-syllable word and a • polysyllabic word) from the sentence just previous to this one, I will illustrate what a
Phosphorylase and glycogen levels in skeletal muscle of mice with hereditary myopathy.

ConclusionsIn skeletal muscles of mice with hereditary dystrophia muscularis, (1) the “active” and “total” phosphorylase activities were significantly less than normal, (2) the phosphorylase activity ratios were normal, (3) the glycogen concentration was higher than normal. The body weights and the width of the tibial epiphyseal cartilages in the dystrophic mice were less than normal.
The role of lung epithelial ligands for Siglec-8 and Siglec-F in eosinophilic inflammation.

Purpose of review Siglec-8 and Siglec-F are single pass transmembrane inhibitory receptors found on the surface of human and mouse eosinophils, respectively, but very little is known about their physiologic glycan ligands. This article reviews the latest knowledge on this topic and outlines the strategies being used to further define the production and glycobiochemical nature of these molecules in the lung.
Failure of Cortisone or ACTH to Reduce Mortality in Irradiated Mice

SummaryIntraperitoneal injections of cortisone, or subcutaneous injections of ACTH, failed to increase survival time or number of irradiated mice surviving.
Evaluation of New and Proposed Organic Aerosol Sources and Mechanisms using the Aerosol Modeling Testbed. MILAGRO, CARES, CalNex, BEACHON, and GVAX

This work investigated the formation and evolution of organic aerosols (OA) arising from anthropogenic and biogenic sources in a framework that combined state-of-the-science process and regional modeling, and their evaluation against advanced and emerging field measurements. Although OA are the dominant constituents of submicron particles, our understanding of their atmospheric lifecycle is limited, and current models fail to describe the observed amounts and properties of chemically formed secondary organic aerosols (SOA), leaving large uncertainties on the effects of SOA on climate. Our work has provided novel modeling constraints on sources, formation, aging and removal of SOA by investigating in particular (i) the contribution of trash burning emissions to OA levels in a megacity, (ii) the contribution of glyoxal to SOA formation in aqueous particles in California during CARES/CalNex and over the continental U.S., (iii) SOA formation and regional growth over a pine forest in Colorado and its sensitivity to anthropogenic NOx levels during BEACHON, and the sensitivity of SOA to (iv) the sunlight exposure during its atmospheric lifetime, and to (v) changes in solubility and removal of organic vapors in the urban plume (MILAGRO, Mexico City), and over the continental U.S.. We have also developed a parameterization of water solubilitymore » for condensable organic gases produced from major anthropogenic and biogenic precursors based on explicit chemical modeling, and made it available to the wider community. This work used for the first time constraints from the explicit model GECKO-A to improve SOA representation in 3D regional models such as WRF-Chem.« less
An alternative way to initiate Notch1 signaling in non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells activate Notch1 signaling to promote cell proliferation and facilitate their survival. It now emerges that endothelial Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) may mediate Notch1 activation and inhibit tumor cell growth.
Inside phrasal verb constructions: A co-varying collexeme analysis of verb-particle combinations in EFL and their semantic associations

This study investigates 2,909 phrasal verbs [PVs] in (in)transitive constructions across native English and French- and German-English interlanguages (ILs). Recent work by Gilquin (2014) shows that, as verb-particle combinations, PVs associate more or less strongly with particular syntactic constructions. Further, those association patterns vary across native and learner Englishes. Building on Gilquin (2014), the present study digs deeper into PV constructions by assessing degrees of mutual attraction between verbs and particles as well as between PVs and their semantic uses. Degrees of association are measured using a co-varying collexeme analysis approach (Stefanowitsch & Gries 2005). Generally, it emerges that within given syntactic constructions (e.g. verb-particle-object constructions), different verbs and particles (i.e. bring and up in the case of build up or bring and about for bring about ) combine in different degrees, suggesting that, as cognitive routines, those combinations are not equally entrenched. In addition, French and German English learners seem to operate at different levels of semantic complexity when using PVs in their L2. Ultimately, the study bears important pedagogical implications, namely the need (i) to focus on phrasal verbs’ aspectual uses to help learners develop a more confident use of PVs in completive, inceptive and continuative semantic contexts and (ii) to develop resources that help learners improve their uses of PVs in verb-object-particle constructions.
Translational Correlation: Abnormalities of the CSF System

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is the space comprised by the cerebral ventricles and the subarachnoid space that is delimitated by the meninges. The meninges are the protective tissue layers that cover the brain and extend caudally covering the entire spinal cord. The three layers of meninges from outermost to innermost layers are the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, respectively. Besides protecting the central nervous system, the meninges also play an important role in the growth and development of the underlying brain tissue. The CSF suspends and cushions the brain and assists in the homeostasis of the interstitial fluid of the brain parenchyma.
Ventricular Arrhythmias and Heart Failure

Sudden death accounts for a significant number of deaths in heart failure patients. A majority of sudden deaths in heart failure are from ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia is common in heart failure patients and the approach to its evaluation and treatment requires special attention. Unique pathophysiologic changes in cardiomyopathy and heart failure predispose these patients to the development of ventricular arrhythmias. Specifically targeting these changes can be beneficial when developing treatment strategies for ventricular tachycardia in heart failure. In this chapter, we will review the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis as they relate to the heart failure syndrome, the different clinical manifestations of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure, as well as the most appropriate methods for treating ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure patients to prevent recurrent arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Constructing Lyapunov Functions for nonlinear delay-differential equations using semidefinite programming

Abstract The search for a polynomial Lyapunov function proving delay-independent stability of multivariate non linear polynomial delay differential equations is approached using semidefinite programming. The functional non-negativity constraints are tightened to be sum of squares constraints, a condition which is computationally feasible to check. The algorithm uses recent advances in computational semi-algebraic geometry.
Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Ambient Cloud Water Photo-Oxidations

ABSTRACT The current understanding of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation is based largely on laboratory investigations of very simple surrogate cloud water solutions that aid mechanistic understanding of aqueous oxidation but may not accurately reflect the influence of the complex ambient matrix present in authentic cloud waters on organic chemistry. In this study, unaltered ambient cloud water and ‘biogenically influenced’ ambient cloud water (with added pinonic acid) were photo-oxidized, atomized, and dried to simulate the formation of aqSOA in clouds, then analyzed using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Two major chemical regimes were identified: in the first, particle organic mass is gained, then lost; sustained increases in highly oxidized fragments indicate overall organic acid formation, while increases in nominally volatile fragments suggest that evaporation may contribute to the observed mass decrease. In the second regime, the oxidation level of cloud water organic matter decreases as mass decreases, suggesting that oxidized functional groups are fragmented and lost to evaporation. Overall, the rate of aqSOA production in unaltered cloud water decreases as oxygenation increases, until organic mass loss beginning at consistent values of f44 > 0.23 ± 0.05 and O:C > 0.61 ± 0.05. We hypothesize that there may be a parameterizable ‘maximum oxidation level’ for cloud water above which functional group fragmentation is dominant. These experiments are among the first to quantify organic mass production in ambient cloud water and employ the most atmospherically relevant oxidant concentrations to date.
Nutrient supply, surface currents, and plankton dynamics predict zooplankton hotspots in coastal upwelling systems.

A simple combination of wind-driven nutrient upwelling, surface currents, and plankton growth/grazing equations generates zooplankton patchiness and hotspots in coastal upwelling regions. Starting with an initial input of nitrate from coastal upwelling, growth and grazing equations evolve phytoplankton and zooplankton over time and space following surface currents. The model simulates the transition from coastal (large phytoplankton, e.g., diatoms) to offshore (picophytoplankton and microzooplankton) communities, and in between generates a large zooplankton maximum. The method was applied to four major upwelling systems (California, Peru, Northwest Africa, and Benguela) using latitudinal estimates of wind-driven nitrate supply and satellite-based surface currents. The resulting zooplankton simulations are patchy in nature; areas of high concentrations coincide with previously documented copepod and krill hotspots. The exercise highlights the importance of the upwelling process and surface currents in shaping plankton communities.
The Neoliberal Baseline? A Community-Based Exploration of Beliefs about Poverty and Social Policy

ABSTRACTDrawing on data from community-based research in the United States, this article addresses three key elements of poverty governance identified by scholars critical of neoliberal policy approaches: market-based logic, individualism, and punitive orientation. Comparing low-income residents of an economically challenged community with local middle-class professionals who work with children and families, the analysis documents that both groups endorse more egalitarian approaches, but middle-class professionals were notably more likely to combine that endorsement with a baseline of neoliberal elements. The implications of these beliefs are considered, in relation to the need for resisting the hegemony of neoliberal approaches to poverty policy.
Preference for and Perceived Competence of Communication Technology Affordances in Face-Threatening Scenarios

People tend to prefer lean communication channels (i.e., those with fewer cues and a time lag between message receipt and reply) when they anticipate that an interaction will threaten their face. However, the role of relationship type in this phenomenon is underexplored. Participants (N = 231) responded to hypothetical face-threatening scenarios about close or casual friends. Participants who reported on casual friends perceived higher face threat and were more likely to prefer lean channels. Perceived effectiveness and appropriateness of channels also varied by relationship type and channel preference. These findings highlight the importance of relationship type in face-threatening scenarios and suggest that associations between relationship type, perceived face threat, and channel preference are more complicated than previously proposed.
Illuminating the voluminous subsurface structures of Old Faithful geyser, Yellowstone national Park

Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park has attracted scientific research for almost a century and a half. Temperature and pressure measurements and video recordings in the geyser's conduit led to proposals of many quantitative eruption models. Nevertheless, information on the processes that initiate the geyser's eruption in the subsurface remained limited. Two new studies, specifically Wu et al. (2017) and Ward and Lin (2017) take advantage of recent developments in seismic data-acquisition technology and processing methods to illuminate subsurface structures. Using a dense array of three-component nodal geophones, these studies delineate subsurface structures on a scale larger than previously realized, which exert control on the spectacular eruptions of Old Faithful geyser.
Oral Retinoids in Dermatology

Retinoids have been used in dermatology since the 1940s when vitamin A was first used to treat acne vulgaris. Currently, three retinoids are approved for dermatologic indications in the United States: acitretin for moderate-to-severe psoriasis vulgaris, isotretinoin for severe recalcitrant nodular acne vulgaris, and bexarotene for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This chapter will review the pharmacology of each of these medications, including mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism. Indications, use, dosage, and efficacy of each medication will be discussed. Safety and tolerability, as well as patient monitoring during therapy, will also be reviewed.
Developing a Decision-Making Framework to Select Safety Technologies for Highway Construction

AbstractHighway construction has consistently reported relatively high fatality rates largely because of the considerable exposure of workers to live traffic. To address this anomaly, traffic contr...
Lead Diversification at the Nanomole Scale Using Liver Microsomes and Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Application to Phosphodiesterase 2 Inhibitors.

In this report, we describe a method whereby lead molecules can be converted into several new analogues each using liver microsomes. Less than one micromole of substrate is incubated with liver microsomes (mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, monkey, or human) to produce multiple products which are isolated and analyzed by quantitative cryomicroprobe NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy. The solutions from qNMR analysis were then used as stocks that were diluted into biochemical assays. Nine human phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) inhibitors yielded 36 new analogues. Products were tested for PDE2 inhibition, intrinsic clearance in human hepatocytes, and membrane permeability. Two of the products (2c and 4b) were 3–10× more potent than their respective parent compounds and also had improved metabolic stability. Others offered insights into structure−activity relationships. Overall, this process of using liver microsomes at a submicromole scale of substrate is a useful approach to rapid and cost-effective late-stage l...
Burnout: Job Resources and Job Demands Associated With Low Personal Accomplishment in United States Radiology Residents.

Objective We aimed to identify job resources and job demands associated with measures of personal accomplishment (PA) in radiology residents in the United States. Materials and Methods A 34-item online survey was administered between May and June 2017 to U.S. radiology residents and included the 8 Likert-type PA questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, 19 visual analog scale job demands-resources questions, and 7 demographic questions. Multiple linear regression was calculated to predict PA based on job demands-resources. Effects of binomial demographic factors on PA scores were compared with independent-samples t tests. Effects of categorical demographic factors on PA scores were compared with one-way between-subjects analysis of variance tests. A linear regression was calculated to evaluate the relationship of age on PA scores. Results “The skills and knowledge that I am building are important and helpful to society” (P = 2 × 10−16), “I have good social support from my co-residents” (P = 4 × 10−5), and “I regularly receive adequate constructive feedback” (P = 4 × 10−6) all positively correlated with PA. PA scores were significantly lower for individuals who were single vs those married or partnered (P = .01). Conclusions Radiology residents score higher in the PA domain of burnout when they receive adequate constructive feedback, have good co-resident social support, and feel that the skills and knowledge they are building are important to society. Improving constructive feedback mechanisms, enabling resident-only social time, and supporting opportunities that reinforce the importance of their contributions may therefore improve radiology residents' sense of PA.
Quantifying hormones in exhaled breath for physiological assessment of large whales at sea

Exhaled breath analysis is a non-invasive assessment tool that has shown promise in human diagnostics, and could greatly benefit research, management, and conservation of large whales. However, hormone assessment of whale respiratory vapor (blow) has been challenged by variable water content and unknown total volume of collected samples. To advance this technique, we investigated urea (a compound present in narrow range in circulation) as a normalizing factor to correct for blow sample concentration. Normalized progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol concentrations of 100 blow samples from 46 photo-identified North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were more biologically relevant compared to absolute estimates, varying by sex, age class, or individual. Progesterone was elevated in adult females compared with other cohorts and highest in one independently confirmed pregnant female. For both sexes, testosterone was two-fold higher in reproductively mature whales but studied adult females showed the widest variation. Cortisol was present in relatively low concentrations in blow and demonstrated variation between individual whales, suggesting potential for studies of individual differences in adrenal activity. Incorporation of methodologies that normalize sample concentration are essential for blow hormone analysis of free-swimming whales, and measurement of urea could be used to optimize non-invasive physiological assessment of whales.
Financial Disclosure And Valuation Revisions Around Voluntary Corporate Spin-Offs

Research concerning the reaction of securities markets to voluntary corporate spin-offs documents the existence of positive abnormal returns at the spin-off announcement date and negative drift over the subsequent period. This study examines the relation between these phenomena and the level of financial disclosure specific to the spin-off segment. A sample of 112 voluntary spin-offs from 1980 to 1993 is examined. Key findings are that the persistence of spin-off announcement abnormal returns is related to both the existence and extent of pre-announcement, line-of-business disclosures regarding the segment to be spun off. These results are consistent with the disclosures containing information that is valuation-relevant for the disaggregated firm. Spin-off announcement valuation revisions for firms lacking line-of-business disclosures specific to the spin-off segment are reversed within five days.
An Affinograph Method of Assessing Gay and Lesbian Families

It is common knowledge that gays and lesbians experience restrictions on their freedom to marry and introduce children into their families. The purpose of this chapter is to promote research and teaching of gay and lesbian family life. This chapter portrays the gay or lesbian couples within a larger family network that also includes heterosexual members of the family. Whether the heterosexual members are parents or grandparents, current spouses, or exspouses, affinographs show that heterosexuals are connected emotionally and socially with gay and lesbian family members. Affinograph images of these connections form a theoretical framework, which suggests that legalizing gay and lesbian marriages could improve the quality of marriage in general.
Abstract B62: DDB2 represses ovarian cancer cell dedifferentiation by suppressing ALDH1A1

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), representing the root of many solid tumors including ovarian cancer, have been implicated in disease recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Our previous study has demonstrated that DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2) is able to reduce the abundance of CSCs in the bulk ovarian cancer cells, providing a novel mechanism to explain the DDB2-mediated suppression of tumorigenicity and metastasis, and also suggesting that low expression of DDB2 is required for the maintenance of CSCs. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. By using the Tet-On DDB2 modulation system, we have confirmed our previous finding that downregulation of DDB2 expands the CSC population in the 2008 ovarian cancer cell line. We also found that DDB2 is able to suppress non-CSC-to-CSC conversions in this cancer cell line. DDB2 has been recognized as a transcriptional regulator. Our microarray analysis has identified ALDH1A1 to be targeted and regulated by DDB2. Downregulation of ALDH1A1 expression by DDB2 at both mRNA and protein levels has been validated in various ovarian cancer cell lines. The mechanistic investigation demonstrated that DDB2 can bind to the promoter region of the ALDH1A1 gene, facilitating the enrichment of histone H3K27me3 by recruiting EZH2 to the promoter region, eventually inhibiting the promoter activity of the ALDH1A1 gene. In addition, we also found that DDB2 competes with transcription factor C/EBPβ for binding to the ALDH1A1 promoter, indirectly inhibiting the ALDH1A1 promoter activity. Finally, we knocked down the expression of DDB2 and ALDH1A1 individually or simultaneously in the 2008 ovarian cancer cell line, and analyzed their tumorigenicity. We found that downregulation of ALDH1A1 is able to block DDB2 silencing-induced expansion of the CSC population, indicating that ALDH1A1 plays a critical role in DDB2-mediated suppression of the CSC population in ovarian cancer cells. We further showed that treatment with a selective ALDH1A1 inhibitor blocked DDB2 silencing-induced expansion of CSCs, and halted orthotopic xenograft tumor growth. In summary, our data demonstrated that DDB2, functioning as a transcription repressor, is able to abrogate ovarian CSC properties by downregulating ALDH1A1 expression. This study provides a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of the CSC population, and would facilitate the development of efficient strategies for eliminating CSCs to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis in ovarian cancers. (Supported by NIH R01CA151248, R01CA211175.) Citation Format: Tiantian Cui, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Chunhua Han, Xiaoli Zhang, Altaf A. Wani, Qi-En Wang. DDB2 represses ovarian cancer cell dedifferentiation by suppressing ALDH1A1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B62.
Associations between socioeconomic status and hunting license sales among census tracts in Cook County, Illinois

Hunting license sales have declined in many U.S. states over recent decades, and efforts are underway to recruit new hunters. Research suggests socioeconomic status influences hunting participation...
Percutaneous stereotaxic cordotomy. I. Problems encountered.

A technique of low cervical percutaneous stereotaxic anterolateral cordotomy for relief of intractable pain is described. This is a modification of the method ofGildenberg, Lin, andPolakoff and consists of the use of a surveying telescope developed by us to guide the needle-electrode in the proper angle towards the target. Localization of the spinothalamic tract is approximated by stereotaxis under radiographic control and finally achieved by stimulation.
Ethnoracial differences in Alzheimer's disease from the FLorida Autopsied Multi-Ethnic (FLAME) cohort.

Abstract Introduction Our primary goal was to examine demographic and clinicopathologic differences across an ethnoracially diverse autopsy-confirmed cohort of Alzheimer's disease cases. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Florida Autopsied Multi-Ethnic cohort on 1625 Alzheimer's disease cases, including decedents who self-reported as Hispanic/Latino (n = 67), black/African American (n = 19), and white/European American (n = 1539). Results Hispanic decedents had a higher frequency of family history of cognitive impairment (58%), an earlier age at onset (median age of 70 years), longer disease duration (median of 12 years), and lower MMSE proximal to death (median of 4 points) compared with the other ethnoracial groups. Black decedents had a lower Braak tangle stage (stage V) and higher frequency of coexisting hippocampal sclerosis (21%); however, only hippocampal sclerosis differences survived adjustment for sex, age at onset, and disease duration. Neither Thal amyloid phase nor coexisting Lewy body disease differed across ethnoracial groups. Discussion Despite a smaller sample size, Hispanics demonstrated longer disease duration with Alzheimer's disease, but not greater lifespan. Neuropathologic differences across ethnoracial groups supported differences in tau pathology distribution and coexisting hippocampal sclerosis, which may impact biomarker studies.
Should Watson Be Consulted for a Second Opinion

This article discusses ethical responsibility and legal liability issues regarding use of IBM Watson™ for clinical decision making. In a case, a patient presents with symptoms of leukemia. Benefits and limitations of using Watson or other intelligent clinical decision-making tools are considered, along with precautions that should be taken before consulting artificially intelligent systems. Guidance for health care professionals and organizations using artificially intelligent tools to diagnose and to develop treatment recommendations are also offered.
Robust Maximum Likelihood Estimation

In many applications, statistical estimators serve to derive conclusions from data, for example, in finance, medical decision making, and clinical trials. However, the conclusions are typically dep...
An Inconvenient Truth: The Added Value of Transvaginal Imaging of the Internal Iliac and Adnexal Veins for Pelvic Congestion Syndrome:

Pelvic congestion syndrome is a chronic condition involving varicose veins in the pelvic area, resulting in dull aching pain, pelvic heaviness, palpable varicosities, and dyspareunia. The primary d...
Pharmacokinetic Assessment of 18F-(2S,4R)-4-Fluoroglutamine in Patients with Cancer.

18F-(2S,4R)-4-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) is an investigational PET radiotracer for imaging tumor glutamine flux and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate its pharmacokinetic properties in patients with cancer. Methods: Fifty lesions from 41 patients (21 men and 20 women, aged 54 ± 14 y) were analyzed. Thirty-minute dynamic PET scans were performed concurrently with a rapid intravenous bolus injection of 232 ± 82 MBq of 18F-FGln, followed by 2 static PET scans at 97 ± 14 and 190 ± 12 min after injection. Five patients also underwent a second 18F-FGln study 4–13 wk after initiation of therapy with glutaminase, dual TORC1/2, or programmed death-1 inhibitors. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma and metabolite fractions and to scale the image-derived input function. Regions of interest were manually drawn to calculate SUVs. Pharmacokinetic modeling with both reversible and irreversible 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models was performed to calculate the kinetic rate constants K1, k2, k3, and k4. The analysis was repeated with truncated 30-min dynamic datasets. Results: Intratumor 18F-FGln uptake patterns demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in different lesion types. In most lesions, the reversible 2-tissue-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate according to the Akaike information criterion. K1, a surrogate biomarker for 18F-FGln intracellular transport, was the kinetic rate constant that was most correlated both with SUV at 30 min (Spearman ρ = 0.71) and with SUV at 190 min (ρ = 0.51). Only K1 was reproducible from truncated 30-min datasets (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.96). k3, a surrogate biomarker for glutaminolysis rate, was relatively low in about 50% of lesions. Treatment with glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 substantially reduced the glutaminolysis rates as measured by k3. Conclusion:18F-FGln dynamic PET is a sensitive tool for studying glutamine transport and metabolism in human malignancies. Analysis of dynamic data facilitates better understanding of 18F-FGln pharmacokinetics and may be necessary for response assessment to targeted therapies that impact intracellular glutamine pool size and tumor glutaminolysis rates.
System Design of a High-Temperature Downhole Transceiver: Part II – Transmitter

This paper presents a system level design of a transmitter for high-temperature downhole communications. The transmitter aims to operate up to 250 °C. The transmitter is simulated in the AWR design environment. The simulation results indicate that the transmitter can adaptively support a data rate up to 170 Mbps by dynamically switch between 16-, 32-, 64-QAM at 250 °C across ten channels. Simulation results also show that the proposed transmitter operates reliably over the temperature range of 25 °C to 250 °C.
Coupled geotechnical-climatic design procedure for drilled shaft subjected to axial load

Abstract In this paper, a novel procedure is proposed to incorporate the site-specific hydrological/climatic parameters into the geotechnical design of drilled shaft with sample applications in Riverside, CA and Salt Lake City, UT. The variation of degree of the saturation and/or matric suction due to the hydrological/climatic events was modeled using the one-dimensional Richards’ equation considering historical resultant infiltration rate and water table depth as the upper and lower boundary conditions, respectively. The historical rainfall, evapotranspiration, and water table depth were considered in a probabilistic manner to estimate a representative degree of saturation and/or matric suction in the subsurface soil that support the drilled shaft. The results indicate that the ultimate axial capacity of the drilled shaft increases by as much as 40% of the conventional fully saturated method in Salt Lake City, while this is almost 56% for Riverside, CA. In case of the settlement, the total elastic settlement of the drilled shaft decreases by almost 34% and 30% at Salt Lake City and Riverside, respectively. Also, it is observed that the water table depth, intensity, and duration of the rainfall have noticeable impacts on the design parameters of the drilled shaft.
Presumptions Against Extraterritoriality in State Law

For the past three decades, the federal presumption against extraterritoriality has been the principal tool that the U.S. Supreme Court has used to determine the geographic scope of federal statutes. But the federal presumption does not apply to state statutes, the scope of which is a question of state law. Descriptively, this article surveys the presumptions against extraterritoriality found in state law. Twenty states currently apply such presumptions to state statutes, and those presumptions sometimes differ from their federal counterpart. Nearly as many states have rejected a presumption against extraterritoriality and determine geographic scope using ordinary tools of statutory interpretation. In other states, the status of a state presumption is unclear. In determining geographic scope, state courts generally do not distinguish between interstate and international cases. States have also adopted a range of positions on how state presumptions relate to state conflicts rules. Normatively, this article argues that states do not need presumptions against extraterritoriality because every state has conflicts rules to determine questions of priority when a case falls within the laws of more then one jurisdiction. State presumptions can also create confusion about how they fit with conflicts rules and create inconsistency among state statutes and state common law. Finally, this article argues that state presumptions are not necessary to avoid conflict with foreign law in international cases.
Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Injections of Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines in Mice

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide over the past three decades. Prognosis for early stage differentiated cancers is good, bu...
COVID-19, Force Majeure, and the Legal and Financial Implications of Utilizing Reefer Shipping Containers

This article begins by discussing the rise of the refrigerated ("reefer") container industry and business model. It is important for readers to understand the growing importance of reefers to U.S. export, and how they contribute to supply chain complexity and port congestion. Next, we address how the Corona Virus (COVID-19) impacted reefer container transport. We then discuss how ocean carriers utilized the Force Majeure doctrine to their advantage in their transport of reefer containers, and the related legal implications of them doing so. We also analyze whether insurance covers cargo owner loss in this situation and what happens when the cargo owner decides to just walk away and abandon reefer containers when the ocean carrier exercises its right to discharge the cargo at an alternative foreign port of convenience. The article concludes with recommendations regarding how cargo owners can move forward to analyze and mitigate risk.
Long-term effects of catastrophic wind on southern US coastal forests: Lessons from a major hurricane

Threats posed by windstorms are an increasing concern to forest managers in the southern United States (US). Studies suggest that the southern US will experience an increase in the occurrence as well as the intensity of windstorms, such as hurricanes, in the future. However, forest managers may have difficulty preparing for this future because there is limited understanding of how windstorms affect the structure and composition of forests over the long term. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of Hurricane Ivan, which made landfall in September 2004 near Gulf Shore, Alabama, impacting forests in the western Florida Panhandle and southwestern Alabama. We acquired the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data available for the period from 2002 to 2018 for the Ivan-affected area and classified the plots into 4 categories: (1). ND (No Disturbance), (2). NDBH (No Disturbance but Harvested), (3). ID (Disturbance caused by Hurricane Ivan), and (4). IDAH (Disturbance caused by Hurricane Ivan and Harvested). The plots that were damaged by Hurricane Ivan (ID and IDAH plots) had significantly (α = 0.05) (1) higher basal area, (2) higher quadratic mean diameter and height, (3) more diverse tree species composition (species richness and Shannon diversity index), (4) denser stocking of seedling and saplings, (5) lower proportion of dead trees or saplings, and (6) higher live aboveground biomass than the plots that were not damaged by the hurricane (ND and NDBH plots). Diverse stands were not necessarily more windstorm resistant. Species diversity in the overstory may not improve forest resistance to hurricane damage but may improve its resilience following the hurricane. The study suggests that managing stand structure through density management and stand improvement could be critical to windstorm resilience and resistance in the southern US forests.
Preparation for the Storm

The design, “Preparation for the Storm” is the first in a series of outfits designed and created for a collection titled Surge Release. The collection reveals relationships between lawless weather events and clothing that is chosen by consumers. The notion was constructed around an exploration and investigation of energy release as both a functional tool and a visual curiosity. Specifically, the collection addresses parallels that can be drawn between our wardrobes and the energy potential of a thunderstorm. The design was initially conceived through intense examination of the atmospheric phenomena known as thunderstorms.
STEM education: A tale of two paradigms

Higher education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines has been in a turbulent period for several decades Pressures for reform include declining STEM student enrollments, high attrition rates from STEM curricula, and the rise of powerful alternative teaching strategies shown by cognitive science and educational research to promote learning and curricular retention better than traditional teaching methods do In addition, research has shown that online and face‐to‐face courses on average produce comparable learning outcomes, and hybrid courses that combine the best features of both are more effective than either face‐to‐face or online courses by themselves Motivated by these and other pressures, many faculty members have adopted the new teaching methods, and distance education had become widespread well before the 2020 coronavirus pandemic forced most educators at all levels to teach online As might be expected, however, many faculty members and administrators have resisted change, arguing that the traditional approach has always worked well and needs no major revision Before the pandemic, most STEM courses were still being taught using the traditional methods, and many course instructors are eager to return to them These different responses to calls for education reform have led to heated debates among university instructors and administrators regarding how STEM curricula and courses should be designed, delivered, and assessed, and the role technology should play in all three functions This essay outlines two competing paradigms on each of these issues—the traditional paradigm, which has long dominated STEM education, and the emerging paradigm, which has become increasingly common in the last 30 years but is still not predominant at most universities and colleges The essay concludes with speculation about the eventual outcome of the competition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Food Science Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Enduring COVID-19, nevertheless

This pandemic is a season of nevertheless; we are exhausted from all kinds of labour, but keep labouring nevertheless. This labouring, I suggest, takes three forms: doing (the productive and reprod...
Collagen/kerateine multi-protein hydrogels as a thermally stable extracellular matrix for 3D in vitro models

Objective: To determine whether the addition of kerateine (reduced keratin) in rat tail collagen type I hydrogels increases thermal stability and changes material properties and supports cell growt...