cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-clinical Assessment of C134, a Chimeric Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus, in Mice and Non-human Primates

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) type I constructs are investigational anti-neoplastic agents for a variety of malignancies, including malignant glioma. Clinical trials to date have supported the safety of these agents even when directly administered in the CNS. Traditional pre-clinical US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicity studies for these agents have included the use of two species, generally including murine and primate studies. Recently, the FDA has decreased its requirement of non-human primates as an animal model for ethical reasons, especially for established viral systems where there are good alternative model systems. Here we present data demonstrating the safety of C134, a chimeric oHSV construct, in CBA mice as well as in a limited number of the HSV-sensitive non-human primate Aotus nancymaae as a proposed agent for clinical trials. These data, along with the previously conducted clinical trials of oHSV constructs, support the use of the CBA mouse model as sufficient for the pre-clinical toxicity studies of this agent. We summarize our experience with different HSV recombinants and differences between them using multiple assays to assess neurovirulence, as well as our experience with C134 in a limited number of A. nancymaae.
Whither the psychology of religion: a spirituality-focused discussion of Paloutzian and Park's (2005). Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality.

Presuming Rayburn's (2006: Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28, 86-92) review of (Paloutzian and Park, 2005, Handbook of the psychology of religion and spir- ituality. New York: The Guilford Press) and sketching an alternative paradigm, this review focuses on the Handbook's virtual conflation of religion and spirituality; relates this conflation to the hegemony of Protestant theology in North American psychology of religion; highlights the Handbook's neglect of spirituality per se, which, if not inseparably linked with theism, is, nevertheless, related to the self- transcending, meaning-making dimension of the human mind, could provide an explanatory breakthrough in the field of the psychology of religion and of the social sciences overall; and sees Handbook's advocacy for a "multilevel interdisciplinary paradigm" as a regrettable acceptance of the failed, long-term strategy of the field of psychology in general.
Autotrophic and heterotrophic acquisition of carbon and nitrogen by a mixotrophic chrysophyte established through stable isotope analysis

Collectively, phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs) form a functional continuum of nutritional modes between autotrophy and heterotrophy, but the specific physiological benefits of mixotrophic nutrition differ among taxa. Ochromonas spp. are ubiquitous chrysophytes that exhibit high nutritional flexibility, although most species generally fall towards the heterotrophic end of the mixotrophy spectrum. We assessed the sources of carbon and nitrogen in Ochromonas sp. strain BG-1 growing mixotrophically via short-term stable isotope probing. An axenic culture was grown in the presence of either heat-killed bacteria enriched with ^(15)N and ^(13)C, or unlabeled heat-killed bacteria and labeled inorganic substrates (^(13)C-bicarbonate and ^(15)N-ammonium). The alga exhibited high growth rates (up to 2 divisions per day) only until heat-killed bacteria were depleted. NanoSIMS and bulk IRMS isotope analyses revealed that Ochromonas obtained 84–99% of its carbon and 88–95% of its nitrogen from consumed bacteria. The chrysophyte assimilated inorganic ^(13)C-carbon and ^(15)N-nitrogen when bacterial abundances were very low, but autotrophic (photosynthetic) activity was insufficient to support net population growth of the alga. Our use of nanoSIMS represents its first application towards the study of a mixotrophic alga, enabling a better understanding and quantitative assessment of carbon and nutrient acquisition by this species.
The Cardiovascular and Perceptual Response to Very Low Load Blood Flow Restricted Exercise.

This study sought to compare cardiovascular and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise using various pressure and load combinations. Fourteen participants completed four sets of BFR elbow flexion using 10, 15 and 20% 1RM with 40 and 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). AOP was measured before and after exercise. Perceived exertion (RPE) and discomfort were assessed before exercise and after each set. Data presented as mean (95% CI), except for RPE and discomfort: 25th, 50th, 75th percentiles. AOP increased post-exercise (p
Influence of Project Approach Implementation on the Occurrence and Perception of Crises in Agricultural Enterprises in the Czech Republic

Project management is one of the most important management tool in many enterprises. Agricultural enterprises with project management are able to foresee their future. Their managers are able to identify upcoming problems earlier and get ready to them in advance. Crisis is seen as a phenomenon more common than rare and it is therefore essential that the enterprises respond by reflecting the aspects and impacts of the crisis in their corporate strategy, and the managers learn to manage crises effectively. The paper deals with a single research of the management of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. It is focused on the use of projects in farm management and evaluation of the significance of the crisis managers of these enterprises. Only about 15 % of enterprises manage its organization by projects. The crisis occurs in all organizations, in varying degrees and intensity. Most often agricultural enterprises are faced with a crisis caused by the change in legislation and bureaucracy. The importance of a crisis was evaluated by the managers with an average rate of 3.6 (where 5 was the highest). The questionnaire method was used for primary data collection. The limitation of the paper covers areas such the sample (34 enterprises), methodology and data.
J M Keynes's Non (Sub) Additive, Interval Valued Approach to Probability is the Foundation for Both Keynes's Weight of the Evidence Analysis in the A Treatise on Probability and His Uncertainty Definition in the General Theory

It is a straight forward exercise to demonstrate that the concept of the weight of the evidence in the A Treatise on Probability and the concept of uncertainty in the General Theory both follow directly from Keynes’s analysis and application of Boole’s development of the concept of upper and lower probabilities in The Laws of Thought in 1854 in Part II of the A Treatise on Probability. This demonstration shows that both GLS Shackle’s definition of uncertainty and Paul Davidson’s definition of uncertainty, not only have nothing to do with the work of J M Keynes, but are directly in conflict with it. Neither the Shackle or the Davidson approaches can deal with interval valued probability. Shackle and Davidson can only deal with numerical probabilities based on the limiting frequency interpretation of probability.
The Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer: Pre-analytic Considerations

Multiple pre-analytic factors are essential to the successful implementation of clinical genomic testing in lung cancer. These considerations include multidisciplinary patient care team communication, appropriate specimen triaging, tissue processing, specimen selection and adequacy assessment, assay requirement determination, maximizing the yield from a given specimen, as well as the incorporation of cytology specimens into genomic testing. This chapter reviews the above pre-analytic considerations including an assessment of the literature and evidence to support various practices in addition to providing effective strategies for addressing routinely encountered issues in the pre-analytic stage of lung cancer molecular testing.
Commentary: Astronomical Transient Detection Controlling the False Discovery Rate

The two-step, False Discovery Rate-based thresholding procedures presented by Clements and Sarkar in this volume offer a computationally efficient means by which to detect faint sources lurking in collections of megapixel and gigapixel images. We compare Clements and Sarkar’s Procedure 35.1 with the False Cluster Proportion-based algorithm of Friedenberg and Genovese (arXiv:0910.5449, 2009). The former employs pixel-wise error control, while the latter employs cluster-wise error control. We find the two techniques yield source lists of similar efficiency (finding ≈ 50% of the sources detected by a more computationally intensive procedure) and purity ( ≈ 100%), if one eliminates single-pixel detections made by the Clements and Sarkar procedure. We propose that the Clements and Sarkar procedure be refined such that only statistically significant clusters are retained in the final source list, mitigating the issue of single-pixel detections and potentially improving the procedure’s efficiency.
Transition-based Semantic Role Labeling Using Predicate Argument Clustering

This paper suggests two ways of improving semantic role labeling (SRL). First, we introduce a novel transition-based SRL algorithm that gives a quite different approach to SRL. Our algorithm is inspired by shift-reduce parsing and brings the advantages of the transition-based approach to SRL. Second, we present a self-learning clustering technique that effectively improves labeling accuracy in the test domain. For better generalization of the statistical models, we cluster verb predicates by comparing their predicate argument structures and apply the clustering information to the final labeling decisions. All approaches are evaluated on the CoNLL'09 English data. The new algorithm shows comparable results to another state-of-the-art system. The clustering technique improves labeling accuracy for both in-domain and out-of-domain tasks.
2009 James B. Herrick Award and Lecture—Clinical Research at the Crossroads

Cardiovascular clinical research is experiencing unprecedented pressures in funding and manpower at a time when there are also unprecedented needs to expand the cardiovascular portfolio in translational research, outcomes research, and comparative effectiveness research. The clinical cardiovascular investigator is literally experiencing the best of times and the worst of times. Funding for the NIH, which increased at an annual rate of 15% during the years of doubling of the NIH budget from 1998 to 2003, has been essentially flat since 2003. NHLBI pay-lines for RO1 applications, which peaked at 35% in 2001, have steadily declined to 15%. The average age at which investigators receive their first NIH grant is 43 years, and in 2004, 44% of NIH awardees were over the age of 50 years. The deceleration of research funding, along with the real or perceived challenges facing young investigators in obtaining mentorship and funding, has had a chilling effect on attracting the brightest aspirants to pursue careers in clinical investigation. Simultaneously, junior cardiology faculty face increasing demands for clinical RVU productivity by their institutions because of shrinking reimbursement for clinical care, which often pushes them into private practice. These pressures are mounting at a time when there are pressing needs for clinical investigators to confront the continuing global epidemic of cardiovascular disease, which can only be overcome by innovative advances in translational, outcomes, and comparative-effectiveness research. The two highest priorities for comparative-effectiveness research in the 2009 Institute of Medicine report were studies in healthcare delivery systems and cardiovascular disease. Through the collective scientific and advocacy efforts of all of us in the community of science and medicine, these remarkable challenges can be overcome.
Venture Capitalist Attributes and Investment Vehicles: An Exploratory Analysis

Though some casual empirical evidence exists, few empirical studies have examined venture capitalist attributes, diversification, and investment strategy. This paper provides an initial empirical examination of investment structure and how it relates to venture capitalist organizational form, size, level o f diversification, and financing stage preference.
A phase I trial of CD19-targeted EGFRt/19-28z/4-1BBL armored chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

TPS7568Background: Despite the recent progress in the therapy of CLL with BTK, PI3Kδ, and BCL2 inhibitors, CLL remains incurable and patients with high-risk disease features (i.e. del17p, complex k...
Infant skull fracture risk for low height falls

Skull fractures are common injuries in young children, typically caused by accidental falls and child abuse. The paucity of detailed biomechanical data from real-world trauma in children has hampered development of biomechanical thresholds for skull fracture in infants. The objectives of this study were to identify biomechanical metrics to predict skull fracture, determine threshold values associated with fracture, and develop skull fracture risk curves for low-height falls in infants. To achieve these objectives, we utilized an integrated approach consisting of case evaluation, anthropomorphic reconstruction, and finite element simulation. Four biomechanical candidates for predicting skull fracture were identified (first principal stress, first principal strain, shear stress, and von Mises stress) and evaluated against well-witnessed falls in infants (0–6 months). Among the predictor candidates, first principal stress and strain correlated best with the occurrence of parietal skull fracture. The principal stress and strain thresholds associated with 50 and 95% probability of parietal skull fracture were 25.229 and 36.015 MPa and 0.0464 and 0.0699, respectively. Risk curves using these predictors determined that infant falls from 0.3 m had a low probability (0–54%) to result in parietal skull fracture, particularly with carpet impact (0–1%). Head-first falls from 0.9 m had a high probability of fracture (86–100%) for concrete impact and a moderate probability (34–81%) for carpet impact. Probabilities of fracture in 0.6 m falls were dependent on impact surface. Occipital impacts from 0.9 m onto the concrete also had the potential (27–90% probability) to generate parietal skull fracture. These data represent a multi-faceted biomechanical assessment of infant skull fracture risk and can assist in the differential diagnosis for head trauma in children.
The Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth via Social Networking Sites on the Socialization of College-Aged Consumers

Because college-aged individuals heavily use social networking sites (SNSs), this study investigates the inclusion of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on SNSs using consumer socialization theory (CS...
Chapter 28 – Intracellular Cytokine Assays

This chapter provides an overview of intracellular cytokine assays. Intracellular cytokine assays are a relatively new method of identifying cytokine production by individual T cells and have the ability to correlate cytokine expression with cell surface phenotype without cell separation. In addition, this highly sensitive flow cytometric method allows for the rapid detection of low frequency T cells expressing cytokine in response to specific antigen stimulation. The unique capabilities of this method make it a model assay for clinical and research applications. The overall premise of intracellular cytokine assays is direct detection of intracellular cytokine expression in response to antigen stimulation. Intracellular cytokine assays can be performed using various sources of cells and antigen depending on the target(s) of interest. T cell stimulation can be performed directly on whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in vitro manipulated lymphocytes, isolated cells, and lymph nodes; although using whole blood for these assays provides a more physiological environment and may have an effect on the T cell response to stimulation. Since these assays are most often used to detect very low frequency events, appropriate control antigens are particularly important to ensure clear antigen specific response.
Case 22-2019: A 65-Year-Old Woman With Weakness, Dark Urine, and Dysphagia

A Woman with Weakness, Dark Urine, and Dysphagia A 65-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital because of falls, weakness, dark urine, and difficulty swallowing. Her medical history was notable...
Polyamide monomers via carbonate-promoted C–H carboxylation of furfurylamine

Inedible biomass (lignocellulose) is a largely untapped resource for polymer production because it is synthetically challenging to convert to useful monomers. Here we describe streamlined syntheses of two polyamide monomers from furfurylamine, one of very few chemicals made industrially from lignocellulose. Using carbonate-promoted C–H carboxylation, furfurylamine is converted into a furan-containing amino acid and a tetrahydrofuran-containing bicyclic lactam in two and four steps, respectively. Our syntheses avoid the use of protecting groups and multiple stoichiometric organic reagents required by previous, longer routes to these targets. This work facilitates access to furan- and tetrahydrofuran-based polyamides, which are unavailable from petrochemical feedstocks.
Chapter 13 – Tree Rings

Variations in tree ring widths from one year to the next have long been recognized as an important source of chronological and climatic information. The mean width of a ring in any one tree is a function of many variables, including the tree species, tree age, availability of stored food within the tree and of important nutrients in the soil, and a whole complex of climatic factors (sunshine, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, humidity, and their distribution through the year). The problem facing dendroclimatologists is to extract whatever climatic signal is available in the tree ring data and to distinguish this signal from the background noise. Climatic information has also been obtained from density variations, both inter- and intra-annually (densitometric dendroclimatology), and isotopic variations in wood have been studied as a possible proxy of temperature or precipitation variations through time. Despite the complexities of fractionation both within the hydrological system, and in the trees themselves, detailed isotopic analysis of wood from tropical trees, in which distinct annual rings may not be clearly visible, has provided new insights into growth rates and climatic variations over recent centuries.
Impact of Anemia on Exercise and Pharmacologic Stress Echocardiography.

Background The safety and diagnostic accuracy of stress testing in anemic patients have not been well studied. Despite a lack of data, significant anemia may be considered a relative contraindication to stress testing because of safety concerns related to insufficient myocardial oxygen supply. Methods The authors reviewed 28,829 consecutive patients with blood hemoglobin drawn within 48 hours of stress echocardiography (15,624 exercise and 13,205 dobutamine). The associations of blood hemoglobin concentration with arrhythmia and other stress echocardiographic findings were examined. Additionally, the effect of anemia on the positive predictive value of stress echocardiography for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis (≥50%) was assessed in patients who subsequently underwent coronary angiography. Results Anemia was present in 6,401 patients (22.2%) and was severe (hemoglobin Conclusions This study demonstrates that stress testing is safe in patients with mild and moderately anemia, albeit with a small increase in mild supraventricular arrhythmias with exercise. However, worsening anemia was associated with a significant reduction in exercise capacity. Additionally, worsening anemia was associated with an improvement in the positive predictive value of stress echocardiography. Extrapolation of these data to patients with severe anemia should be performed with caution given the limited number of patients with severe anemia in this study.
Low cost sensor implementation and evaluation for measuring NO2 and O3 pollutants

Air pollution affects life quality and already has measurable impact on the human health and ecosystem change. It is widely accepted that in order invert the continually growing pollution, citizen awareness policies must be adopted and encouraged. Under this concept large data sets are collected using new measuring systems adopting low cost technologies. This tactic led to the need of evaluating low cost sensing systems in order to be able to collect valid measurements and been able to use them and provide as accurate information as possible. Many research teams are working on this topic studying various factors that affect measured quantities like the temperature and humidity are and propose new low-cost monitoring systems, aiming to developing a network over large geographic areas. This work presents a low cost, low energy consumption and high processing power monitoring station. The monitoring station incorporates Alphasense electrochemical sensors of measuring NO2 and O3 as well as NO2-B43F and OX-B431. In order to be able to design proper calibration and correction formulas temperature, humidity and barometric pressure are also measured and in this work the results of the above process are described. Results collected from two monitoring stations that were installed next to official measuring point of the National Observatory of Athens are presented herein for the NO2 and O3 quantities.
The Attalids of Pergamon and Anatolia: Money, Culture, and State Power

Historians have long wondered at the improbable rise of the Attalids of Pergamon after 188 BCE. The Roman-brokered Settlement of Apameia offered a new map – a brittle framework for sovereignty in Anatolia and the eastern Aegean. What allowed the Attalids to make this map a reality and leave their indelible Pergamene imprint on our Classical imagination? In this uniquely comprehensive study of the political economy of the kingdom, Noah Kaye rethinks the impact of Attalid imperialism on the Greek polis and the multicultural character of the dynasty's notorious propaganda. By synthesizing new findings in epigraphy, archaeology, and numismatics, he shows the kingdom for the first time from the inside. The Pergamene way of ruling was a distinctively non-coercive and efficient means of taxing and winning loyalty. Royal tax collectors collaborated with city and village officials on budgets and minting, while the kings utterly transformed the civic space of the gymnasium.
Upgrade Rates of Pure, Radiology-Pathology Concordant Lobular Neoplasia Diagnosed on Breast Core Needle Biopsy: Is Surgical Excision Warranted?

Objective To determine upgrade rates of lobular neoplasia (LN) to malignancy and evaluate factors that may predict upgrade. Methods From 5/1/2003 to 12/30/2015, breast lesions diagnosed as LN (atypical lobular hyperplasia [ALH] or classic lobular carcinoma in-situ [LCIS]) on core biopsy that underwent surgical excision or at least 2 years imaging follow-up were identified. A subspecialty trained breast radiologist and pathologist reviewed imaging and pathology slides to confirm diagnosis and to determine if LN represented the target lesion, part of the target lesion, or an incidental finding. Imaging features, original BI-RADS final assessment category, biopsy method, biopsy device and final pathologic diagnosis were documented. Cases with both ALH and LCIS were classified as LCIS for analysis. Reason for biopsy of BI-RADS 2-3 was patient or referring physician preference. Upgrade rates to malignancy were determined for all cases. Results In this study 73.7% (115/156) lesions were ALH and 26.3% (41/156) were LCIS+/-ALH. Surgical excision and imaging follow-up were performed in 71.2% (111/156) and 28.8% (45/156), respectively. Upgrade rates for ALH and LCIS were 0.0% (0/115) and 7.3% (3/41), respectively. Cancer developed at a site separate from core biopsy in 1.7% (2/115) ALH and 7.3% (3/41) LCIS cases. We found no association of upgrade rate with biopsy type, BI-RADS or target/part of target lesion versus incidental. Conclusion Our study supports consideration of excision for LCIS, given 7.3% upgrade rate. Conversely, imaging surveillance might be appropriate following diagnosis of ALH alone.
Tax Planning for Export Operations: Using the DISC

The Revenue Act of 1971 amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 so as to provide that certain export corporations, termed Domestic International Sales Corporations (DISC), could elect a special tax treatment which would result in a tax incentive for U.S. manufacturers selling their products outside the United States.1 Generally, this is accomplished by individuals or corporations forming a DISC subsidiary to realize the taxable income resulting from qualifying export sales transactions. Fifty percent (50%) of the DISC's taxable income is then taxed currently to its shareholder (s), while the tax on the remaining 50% is deferred into future taxable years.
Convergence to nonstationary competitive equilibria: An experimental analysis☆

Abstract This paper reports the results of 26 posted-offer and double-auction markets examining the effect of systematic supply and/or demand nonstationarities on market performance and dynamic adjustment paths to the competitive equilibria. Both the trading institution and the source of the nonstationarity are found to affect the ability of markets to track the competitive equilibrium. Although some posted-offer markets track the competitive equilibrium price as well as comparable double auctions, posted-offer markets consistently exhibit lower efficiency. The inability of the posted-offer trading institution to track demand-based market shocks is particularly striking.
CONSTRUCTIVIST EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY ON WELL-BEING AND VIRTUE

What is the nature of human well-being? This paper joins the ancient debate by rejuvenating an ancient claim that is quite unfashionable among moral philosophers today, namely, the Aristotelian claim that moral virtue is (non-instrumentally) necessary for human well-being. Call it the Aristotelian Virtue Condition (AVC). This view can be revived for contemporary debate by a state-of-the-art approach that we might call constructivist experimental philosophy, which takes as its goal the achievement of a reasonable constructivist account of well-being and takes the investigation of actual folk intuitions as the central means to achieving that goal. The paper motivates this approach and challenges the commonplace philosophical rejection of AVC by arguing (1) that folk intuitions should count as evidence in the debate, especially if we aim at a constructivist account of well-being, (2) that folk intuitions can be accurately elicited through a thought experiment (the "Crib Test"), and (3) that there is some reason (subject to experimental confirmation) for thinking that folk intuitions, thus elicited, support AVC. Aristotelian ethics, and indeed the entire virtue ethics tradition, has come under fire recently by empirically informed philosophers who question the empirical adequacy of the postulation of robust character traits, but regardless of how that debate turns out, other parts of this tradition might be empirically supported rather than undermined. This paper sketches a promising, empirically informed way of supporting Aristotelian views of well-being.
Upgrading design systems

Design systems can have considerable embedded value. Improvements in such systems are better achieved through upgrades than through complete replacements. To determine how best to make these upgrades requires a systems view of design. Such a view is provided by what we call TAO (test-aspect-operator) graphs. Nodes in these graphs represent aspects of the artifacts being designed while arcs represent operators (transforms between aspects) and tests (comparisons of aspects). Upgrades can be thought of as the additions of nodes or arcs to an existing TAO graph. To illustrate these ideas we will briefly describe the upgrades that we are making to a system for designing certain automobile parts.
Frequency dependence of dead space during high-frequency ventilation in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract A rotary valve ventilator, designed to allow the direct measurement of expired gas volume and composition, was used to maintain gas exchange in anesthetized, paralyzed, rheus monkeys at ventilatory frequencies up to 20 Hz. A total of five studies were carried out on three animals. Determinations of the minute ventilation required to maintain a normal steady-state PCo2, together with the F e CO2 and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH, were made at a number of frequencies. The results so obtained were used to calculate the Bohr (physiological) dead space. Dead space remained approximately constant at close to the value determined during spontaneous ventilation for each individual animal in the range of ventilatory frequencies from below 1 to around 5 Hz, but decreased somewhat with increasing frequency above 6 Hz. The calculated physilogical dead space at 15 Hz was about 70% of the value at normal respiratory frequencies. These findings in primates, obtained using a ventilator system which allows very accurate determinations of expired gas volume and content, when compared with those from our previous studies in rabbits and dogs, provide further evidence that the relationship between efficiency of gas exchange and ventilatory frequency during HFV is highly species-specific.
FTIR and Ab initio investigations of the MTBE-water complex.

The infrared spectrum of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in liquid water has been studied using both FTIR absorption and FTIR−ATR spectroscopy in conjunction with ab initio calculations. Compared to the liquid MTBE IR spectrum, the C−O and C−C stretching vibrational frequencies of MTBE in water are found to shift to the red and blue by up to 26 and 9 cm−1, respectively. Ab initio calculations suggest that these shifts are caused by complexation of the MTBE molecule with water molecules through hydrogen bonding. Our observation of the vibrational frequency shifts in the IR spectrum of MTBE in water provides the IR spectroscopic evidence of organics−water complexes in the diluted aqueous solution. The implication of the effect of the hydrogen bond in organics−water complexation on solvation and reactivity of the organic compound in aqueous chemical processes is discussed.
Buckling or transverse deflections of unsymmetrically laminated plates subjected to in-plane loads

Numerous research publications purport to give in-plane buckling loads for unsymmetrically laminated composite plates. In many of these cases, bifurcation buckling is impossible; that is, transverse deflection is initiated, regardless of the magnitude of the loading. In the present work, finite element studies are made of four types of unsymmetrical laminates, including antisymmetrical ones. Twelve sets of edge constraints are considered. Maximum values of transverse deflection are determined for uniform and linearly varying in-plane boundary forces, including uniaxial, biaxial, and shear. Cases where the plate remains flat are thereby also identified. Results confirm a theoretical analysis previously made. Cases for which improper buckling results are often reported in the published literature are identified.
Phenylethynyl and Phenol End-Capping Studies of Polybiphenyloxydiphenylsilanes for Cross-Linking and Enhanced Thermal Stability

Polyaryloxydiphenylsilanes have been studied for decades and are known to be stable at high temperatures. Polybiphenyloxydiphenylsilane was synthesized to further study its high-temperature characteristics. However, condensation reactions between dichlorosilanes and biphenol produced polybiphenyloxydiphenylsilanes that underwent uncontrolled cross-linking through silanol end-groups, when heated to high temperatures (around 275 °C). End-capping the polymers with phenoxy groups (phenol as end-capping agent) to prevent cross-linking or with ethynyl containing end-groups to allow for controlled cross-linking resulted in improved thermal stability compared to the uncapped polymer, which was verified using rheology. Two synthetic routes were developed to end-cap the polymer with phenylethynyl containing substituents. Successful end-capping using lithiumphenylacetylide and 4[(4-fluorophenylethynyl)]phenol was verified chemically by 13C NMR, FTIR, and Raman analysis. Capping was further confirmed by the cessation...
Concurrence of angiographic coronary artery disease in patients with apical ballooning syndrome (tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy).

Objective: To determine the coexistence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in an unselected cohort of patients with apical ballooning syndrome (ABS). Background: ABS is a clinical condition of unknown etiology with symptoms that mimic an acute coronary syndrome and is characterized by the presence of transient left ventricular dysfunction primarily affecting the apex of the heart. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series in a single tertiary care hospital. Patients were identified by searching for several inclusive discharge diagnoses in all hospitalized patients. Suspected cases were analyzed using prespecified diagnostic criteria. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were collected. Coronary lesions were assessed by quantitative angiography. Results: Thirty-one cases of ABS were identified. The majority of the cases were female, and ischemia was documented in all patients by electrocardiographic or cardiac biomarker criteria. Nineteen patients (61.3%) had angiographic evidence of CAD, with multivessel involvement in seven (23%). Nine patients (29%) had luminal stenosis severity greater than 50% in at least one epicardial vessel. Conclusions: In an unselected cohort of patients with ABS, coronary atherosclerosis is commonly present. Whether CAD simply coexists or is related to the pathophysiology of ABS is unclear. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acquiring search-control knowledge via static analysis

Abstract Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a widely-used technique for acquiring search-control knowledge. Prieditis, van Harmelen, and Bundy pointed to the similarity between partial evaluation (PE) and EBL. However, EBL utilizes training examples whereas PE does not. It is natural to inquire, therefore, whether PE can be used to acquire search-control knowledge and, if so, at what cost? This paper answers these questions by means of a case study comparing prodigy/ebl , a state-of-the-art EBL system, and static , a PE-based analyzer of problem space definitions. When tested in prodigy/ebl 's benchmark problem spaces, static generated search-control knowledge that was up to three times as effective as the knowledge learned by prodigy/ebl , and did so from twenty-six to seventy-seven times faster. The paper describes static 's algorithms, compares its performance to prodigy/ebl 's, noting when static 's superior performance will scale up and when it will not. The paper concludes with several lessons for the design of EBL systems, suggesting hybrid PE/EBL systems as a promising direction for future research.
Do We Know the First Impressions We Make? Evidence for Idiographic Meta-Accuracy and Calibration of First Impressions:

Can we trust our beliefs about the first impressions we make? The current article addresses this question by assessing “idiographic” meta-accuracy, or people’s ability to detect how another person views their characteristic pattern of traits, and people’s awareness of their level of meta-accuracy. Results from two samples suggest that people do achieve idiographic meta-accuracy (i.e., they know which traits a new acquaintance perceives as particularly characteristic of them) and that people’s beliefs about the first impression they make are well calibrated (i.e., the people who are relatively more confident in the accuracy of their metaperceptions are in fact more accurate). Implications of idiographic meta-accuracy and the calibration of meta-accuracy are discussed, as are the ways in which future research can improve our understanding of the process of metaperception formation and the interpersonal consequences of meta-accuracy.
Summation of transfer of adaptation gradients

Transfer of adaptation resulting from a 90-deg rotation of the visual field was examined when movement during exposure was limited to either one or two dimensions. Positive transfer of adaptation was found for all conditions; however, the curvilinear pattern of adaptation for the one-dimension exposure condition was different from that found for the two-dimension exposure condition. Subsequent analyses revealed the pattern of adaptation obtained for the two-dimension exposure condition was similar to that predicted by an algebraic summation of the patterns associated with the one-dimension exposure conditions. These results indicated that the dimensions of perceptual-motor space are not organized as either an integrated system or as an independent set.
Flash-photoionized nebulae

Under conditions of high radiation intensity and low gas density, recombination may be neglected in determining the ionization state of a photoionized gas. Calculations of the ionization structure of nebulae in this 'flash-photoionized' regime are reported. Very hard spectra of ionizing ultraviolet radiation may be produced by filtration of the ionizing flux through a neutral hydrogen layer which preferentially absorbs photons just above the hydrogen photoionization threshold. Fluxes with these hard spectra produce gas layer in which helium is largely doubly ionized while hydrogen is largely neutral. Such a layer leads to anomalously high ratios of He II to H I recombination line strengths. These results are applied to the problem of the spectrum of the arc in the cluster of galaxies A370. It is found that the spectrum may possibly be reconciled with the light echo model.
Healing partners: the oncology nurse and the parish nurse.

Objectives: To explore the role of the parish nurse and to examine elements of a parish nurse program and standards of care. Data sources: Journal articles, book chapters, and personal experience related to parish nursing. Conclusion: Parish nursing is a fairly new specialized area of nursing with standards of care and professional performance. The parish nurse concept has gained acceptance across the country and the number of parish nurse programs are increasing. Implications for nursing practice: The parish nurse focuses on health promotion within the context of the beliefs, values, and practices of a faith community. The role of the parish nurse centers on providing education and support to members of a congregation. Oncology nurses and parish nurses can work together as partners in providing care to patients with cancer and their families.
Evaluation of the Coagulation System in Children with Two-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease

Background. Multiple coagulation factor abnormalities involving both procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins have been described in children with single-ventricle physiology. This study used age-matched controls to evaluate coagulation factors in children with two-ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods. Coagulation factors were assayed in 120 patients with CHD, divided into four age groups: group 1, 0 to 3 months; group 2, 3 to 12 months; group 3, 12 to 48 months; and group 4, older than 48 months. Healthy children without CHD were assayed as controls. Concentration of factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, and X; protein C and S, plasminogen, and antithrombin III, were measured by standard assays. Normal ranges were determined by the empirical 95% confidence intervals. Results. Significant reductions were found in mean levels of both procoagulant and anticoagulant factors in patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 compared with controls, but no differences were found in group 4. In group 1, all variables had significantly lower concentrations except fibrinogen and protein S; in group 2, all variables had significantly lower concentrations except for fibrinogen, factors VIII and IX, and plasminogen and protein S; and in group 3, all variables had significantly lower concentrations except fibrinogen, factors VIII and IX, and antithrombin III, plasminogen, and protein S. Conclusions. Neonates and infants with two-ventricle CHD have lower levels of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors compared with aged-matched controls approaching normal levels in children aged older than 4 years. These coagulation factor abnormalities are similar to those described in patients with single-ventricle physiology.
Induced sputum inflammatory measures correlate with lung function in children with cystic fibrosis

Abstract Objective: To validate a sputum induction technique in cystic fibrosis (CF), we examined the relation between airway inflammation and pulmonary function in children with CF by correlating inflammatory indexes in induced sputum with FEV1. Study design: We measured baseline spirometry and oxygen saturations and then performed sputum inductions with 3% hypertonic saline in 20 clinically stable children with CF (11 girls). We examined the relation of airway inflammation and lung function in the 19 individuals (95%) who expectorated an adequate sputum sample. Measures of airway inflammation in induced sputum included total cell counts, neutrophil (PMN) counts, interleukin-8 levels, and free neutrophil elastase activity. Results: There were significant inverse relations between FEV1 and total cell counts and PMN counts (r = −0.57, P
Dielectronic Satellite Spectra for Helium-like Ions

Abstract The wavelengths, radiative transition rates, Auger rates, satellite intensity factors, and fluorescence yields are presented for dielectronic satellites of nine helium-like ions ranging from Ne8+ to Xe52+. Dipole transitions from 1s2ln′l′ → 1s2n″l″, where n′, n″ = 2, 3, 4, are included. In this work, relativistic multiconfiguration wave functions are used to calculate energy levels as well as the Auger and radiative transition rates.
Electron-Induced Inversion of Helical Chirality in Copper Complexes of N,N-Dialkylmethionines

Stereodynamic complexes of copper were found to undergo inversion of a helical chiral element upon oxidation or reduction. The amino acid methionine was derivatized by the attachment of two chromophores to the nitrogen atom. The resultant ligands formed stable complexes with Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts. For a derivative of a given absolute chirality, the complexes afford nearly mirror image circular dichroism spectra. The spectral changes originate from reorientation of the nitrogen-attached chromophores due to a conformation interconversion driven by the exchange of a carboxylate for a sulfide ligand. The electrically induced chirality inversion coupled with strong interactions with polarized light is unique and may lead to novel chiral molecular devices.
The effect of texture on stress-induced martensite formation in nickel–titanium

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of texture on stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in the shape memory alloy (SMA) nickel?titanium (Nitinol). Thin sheet specimens of Nitinol were examined under uniaxial tensile loading using three-dimensional digital image correlation in order to spatially and temporally track strain localization indicative of martensitic transformation. Tensile specimens were fabricated along directions oriented 0??(RD), 45?, and 90??(TD) to the rolling direction of the sheet and subjected to 50 cycles at prescribed strain rates of , and 10?2?s?1. It was found that upon loading, specimens unfavorably oriented for transformation (TD specimens) nucleated a greater number of deformation bands due to a smaller difference between nucleation and propagation stresses, and also accommodated less axial strain inside the band and more axial strain outside the band. The unfavorable (TD) specimens also exhibited a stronger cycle-to-cycle similarity in the strain accommodated inside the deformation band, which has important implications for the design of SMA structures for fatigue applications. Finally, the (primarily martensite) region of the deformation band(s) consistently showed significantly stronger cycle-to-cycle similarity than the (primarily austenite) region outside the band(s), regardless of specimen texture.
Seafloor mapping and landscape ecology analyses used to monitor variations in spawning site preference and benthic egg mop abundance for the California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens)

Abstract The California squid fishery is concentrated largely on nearshore squid spawning aggregations. Because of this practice a central concern for sustainable squid fisheries in California is to determine whether reproductive activities and subsequent egg laying occur at rates that are sufficient to support harvestable populations of this sub-annual species. Using high-resolution data collected via acoustic mapping methodology, we estimated a 99% decrease in egg mops abundance from 2005 to 2007. Sidescan sonar images from detailed benthic mapping suggest that although squids prefer a sandy substrate as their primary egg mop habitat, the depths across which egg mops were distributed differed significantly between surveys and spatial distribution of egg mops varied across years on this large spawning ground. Our results suggest that sidescan sonar surveys could serve as an important tool used to aid sustainable management of the California market squid fishery through the monitoring, designation and adaptive management of seasonally variable no-take spawning zones and can help in developing stock assessments of this commercially important species.
Substance-Induced Depression and Independent Depression in Proximal Risk for Suicidal Behavior

Objective:Major depressive episodes may be substance induced or occur independent of substance use. Studies of the roles of substance-induced depression (SID) and independent depression (IND) in suicidal behavior are limited to retrospective reports. The purpose of this study was to examine proximal (i.e., acute) risk for suicide attempts associated with SID and IND.Method:Individuals who had attempted suicide (n = 100) and nonsuicidal controls (n = 100) matched for site were recruited from residential substance use treatment programs. Participants were ages 18 and older and screened positive for potential alcohol use disorder. Validated semistructured interviews were used to assess SID, IND, and suicide attempts. Analyses of individual-level risk for attempts were based on multivariate logistic regression that adjusted for risk factors. Population-level attributable risk (PAR) fractions for suicide attempts were also calculated to provide estimates of the percentage of attempts in the study population at...