cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institutional Racism: An Empirical Study

A casual model of institutional racism was developed with three independent variables (supervisory support, procedural justice, and indoctrination) and two intervening variables (supportive climate and perceived supervisory discrimination). The linkages were tested through multiple regression analysis with a sample of 146 African Americans. The results offer fairly strong support for the model, explaining 43% of the variance in institutional racism.
Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood. A distinctive clinicopathologic entity of uncertain histogenesis

This report describes a unique clinicopathologic entity characterized as a malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in 20 children and adolescents (average age 14.5 years). There was a female predilection (75%) for this tumor which appeared to originate in the soft tissues of the chest wall or the peripheral lung. The neoplasm tended to recur locally and did not seem to disseminate as widely as some of the other small cell tumors of childhood (rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma and malignant lymphoma). However, the median survival was only 8 months. Electron microscopy of 3 cases suggested a neuroepithelial derivation, but, at the present, the histogeneis remains a subject for further investigation.
Diffusion, P1, and other approximate forms of radiation transport

Abstract Full transport solutions of time-dependent problems can be computationally very expensive. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to developing approximate solution techniques that are much faster computationally and yet are accurate enough for a particular application. Many of these approximate solutions have been used in isolated problems and have not been compared to each other. This paper presents two test problems that test and compare several approximate transport techniques. In addition to the diffusion and P1 approximations, we will test several different flux-limited diffusion theories and variable Eddington factor closures. For completeness, we will show some variations that have not yet appeared in the literature that have some interesting consequences. For example, we have found a trivial way to modify the P1 equations to get the correct propagation velocity of a radiation front in the optically thin limit without modifying the accuracy of the solution in the optically thick limit. Also, we will demonstrate nonphysical behavior in some published techniques.
What kind of erotic film clips should we use in female sex research? An exploratory study

ABSTRACT Introduction Erotic film clips are used in sex research, including studies of female sexual dysfunction and arousal. However, little is known about which clips optimize female sexual response. Furthermore, their use is not well standardized. Aims To identify the types of film clips that are most mentally appealing and physically arousing to women for use in future sexual function and dysfunction studies; to explore the relationship between mental appeal and reported physical arousal; to characterize the content of the films that were found to be the most and least appealing and arousing. Methods Twenty-one women viewed 90 segments of erotic film clips. They rated how (i) mentally appealing and (ii) how physically aroused they were by each clip. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The means of the mental and self-reported physical responses were calculated to determine the most and least appealing/arousing film clips. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between mental appeal and reported physical arousal. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported mental and physical arousal. Results Of 90 film clips, 18 were identified as the most mentally appealing and physically arousing while nine were identified as the least mentally appealing and physically arousing. The level of mental appeal positively correlated with the level of perceived physical arousal in both categories ( r =0.61, P r =0.62, P Conclusions Erotic film clips reliably produced a state of self-reported arousal in women. The most appealing and arousing films tended to depict heterosexual vaginal intercourse. Film clips with these attributes should be used in future research of sexual function and response of women. Woodard TL, Collins K, Perez M, Balon R, Tancer ME, Kruger M, Moffat S, and Diamond MP. What kind of erotic film clips should we use in female sex research? An exploratory study.
Radioimmunoassay for fibroblast growth factor (FGF): release by the bovine anterior pituitary in vitro

Abstract A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to measure fibroblast growth factor (FGF) using antiserum generated against a synthetic replicate of [Tyr 10 ]FGF(1–10). The antisera, previously shown to be capable of inhibiting the biological action of FGF on bovine aortic arch endothelial cells in vitro [1], are highly specific for the amino-terminus of FGF. In the RIA, the antisera recognize the decapeptide antigen [Tyr 10 ]FGF(1–10) and the intact mitogen on an equimolar basis and show less than 0.01% cross-reactivity with N -acetyl-[Tyr 10 ]FGF(1–10). Bovine adenohypophysial cells maintained in primary monolayer culture release and ir-FGF which is indistinguishable from the intact mitogen in as much as it is retained on heparin-Sepharose affinity columns and shows a dose-dependent and parallel displacement in RIA. The release of ir-FGF by the bovine adenohypophysis can be increased with forskolin (10 −5 M) or KCl (50 mM). Preincubation of pituitary cells with 17β-estradiol has no measurable effects on basal ir-FGF, but increases the release after KCl treatment 2–3-fold. These results show that ir-FGF can be released by the bovine adenohypophysis in vitro and lend credence to the hypothesis that FGF plays a physiological role in the homeostatic mechanisms regulating mesoderm-derived cell growth.
Chronic Illness: Psychosocial Effects on Siblings--I. Chronically Ill Boys.

Summary Focusing on the adjustment of the siblings of three groups of male children; with pervasive developmental disability, diabetes and no known chronic illness, the present study failed to support the view that siblings of ill children are uniformly at greater risk for psychosocial impairment. However, several domains were identified in which siblings as well as parents of ill children were more susceptible to adjustment problems, though ‘risk’ seemed to relate more closely to illness-specific variables than the presence or absence of illness. Several sex differences were found suggesting that same-sexed siblings may be more vulnerable to maladjustment than opposite-sexed pairs. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for investigation and intervention for families with an ill member.
Commercial banks’ expanding into securities underwriting: The equity market’s risk assessment

Government officials must decide if the payments system and deposit insurance funds would be endangered by allowing commercial banks to underwrite corporate securities. In this study the authors provide evidence on the issue by evaluating the perspectives of equity investors in investment banking concerns. Dealer exposures to capital markets (investment banking and market making) are not perceived to contribute to their marginal riskiness—either systematic or nonsystematic. However, investment exposures to capital markets (merchant banking and principal transactions) add to both systematic and nonsystematic risks of participating firms. Along with the accounting-based previous research, these findings suggest granting new securities powers that are solely dealer-based.
Microcorrosion casts of hamster luteal and follicular vasculature throughout the estrous cycle.

Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) ovarian microcorrosion casts were studied as a model system to analyze angiogenesis that occurs in the corpus luteum (CL) during the estrous cycle. Growth of the vasculature in the hamster CL occurs rapidly with complete formation and subsequent degeneration occurring during the 4-day estrous cycle. This study followed the growth of these vessels by casting the ovarian vasculature at 4-hour intervals during the formation of the CL, viewing the casts on a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and comparing the consecutive casts. This study revealed that the microvasculature of the CL forms rapidly from the vessels of the theca folliculi of newly ruptured follicles and that this growth is in an internal direction. This method of casting, when used in conjunction with the high magnification provided by the Hitachi field emission high resolution SEM, enabled us to analyze the growing tips of the vascular sprouts. The vasculature of the CL grows throughout day 1 and well into day 2 of the cycle. Flat veins, characteristic of the external suface of a mature CL, formed by the afternoon of day 2. Obvious degeneration of the vasculature of the CL took place throughout day 3. This study provided a detailed description of the angiogenesis that occurred throughout the rapid formation of the hamster CL and showed that this method produced casts of suitable quality for exprimental observations. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Invited Paper Problems and Performance in the Cyclotron Central Region

A good central region yields a compact, dense, well-centered beam in a phase interval which will optimize the following acceleration and extraction processes. This paper reviews the role of various central region features in attaining desired beam properties. Results of careful calculations are shown to closely agree with observed beam properties.
Evaluation of depth resolution with time-of-flight medium energy backscattering

Abstract The energy and depth resolution of Vanderbilt’s time-of-flight medium energy backscattering (TOF-MEBS) system has been evaluated as a function of target tilt and beam energy. The target tilt and beam energy for optimizing depth resolution of He + scattering at a depth of 55 A was determined. Calculations were performed with DEPTH to determine how various energy spread factors contributed to depth resolution. The influence of detector position on depth resolution was also calculated. These results showed that depth resolution improved as the angle between the incident beam and detector decreased. However, the optimum target tilt angle did not change with detector position. Depth resolution measurements indicated an optimum target tilt angle of 6°. For more grazing angles, depth resolution degrades due to increased energy spread from multiple scattering, geometric spread and energy straggling. Due to the energy dependence of the TOF spectrometer, the beam energy for optimizing depth resolution is much lower than the stopping maximum of He + ions in Al: ∼170 keV as opposed to ∼500 keV.
An Iridium(IV) Species, [Cp*Ir(NHC)Cl]+, Related to a Water-Oxidation Catalyst

The Ir precatalyst (3) contains both a Cp* and a κ2C2,C2′-1,3-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene ligand, a C−C chelate, where one C donor is the NHC and the other is a cyclometalated N-phenyl wingtip group. The structure of 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Like our other recently described Cp*Ir catalysts, this compound is a precursor to a catalyst that can oxidize water to dioxygen. Electrochemical characterization of the new compound shows that it has a stable iridium(IV) oxidation state, [Cp*IrIV(NHC)Cl]+, in contrast with the unstable Ir(IV) state seen in our previous cyclometalated [Cp*IrIII(2-pyridyl-2′-phenyl)Cl] catalyst. The new iridium(IV) species has been characterized by EPR spectroscopy and has a rhombic symmetry, a consequence of the ligand environment. These results both support previous studies which suggest that Cp*Ir catalysts can be advanced through the relevant catalytic cycle(s) in one-electron steps and help clarify the electrochemical behavior of this class of water-oxidation catal...
Embedding cyclic latin squares of order 2n in a complete set of orthogonal F-squares

Abstract A cyclic Latin square of order 2n, which has no orthogonal Latin square mate, is shown to have (2n−1)(2n−2) mutually orthogonal F(2n;2n−1,2n−1)-squares. This is a complete set of F-squares for the cyclic Latin square. Row and column operations areused to construct this complete set of F-squares from a Hadamard matrix and 2n−1 OF(2n;2n−1,2n−1)-squares into which the Latin square is decomposed. Tables of complete sets of mutually orthogonal F(2n;2n−1,2n−1)-squares are given for n=2 and 3, i.e., for cyclic Latin squares of orders 4 and 8.
Microduplications of 22q11.2 are frequently inherited and are associated with variable phenotypes.

Purpose: Genomic rearrangements of chromosome 22q11.2, including the microdeletion associated with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome, are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between region-specific low-copy repeats. To date, only a small number of patients with 22q11.2 microduplication have been identified. Methods: We report the identification by array-comparative genomic hybridization of 14 individuals from eight families who harbor microduplications within the 22q11.2 region. Results: We have now observed a variety of microduplications, including the typical common ∼3-Mb microduplication, ∼1.5-Mb nested duplication, and smaller microduplications within and distal to the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome region, consistent with nonallelic homologous recombination using distinct low-copy repeats in the 22q11.2 DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome region. These microduplications likely represent the predicted reciprocal rearrangements to the microdeletions characterized in the 22q11.2 region. The phenotypes seen in these individuals are generally mild and highly variable; familial transmission is frequently observed. Conclusions: These findings highlight the unbiased ability of array-comparative genomic hybridization to identify genomic imbalances and further define the molecular etiology and clinical phenotypes seen in microduplication 22q11.2 syndrome. Our findings also further support that the 22q11.2 region is highly dynamic with frequent rearrangements using alternative low-copy repeats as recombination substrates.
Multi-objective analysis of an integrated supply chain scheduling problem

We study the problem of minimising the total weighted tardiness and total distribution costs in an integrated production and distribution environment. Orders are received by a manufacturer, processed on a single production line, and delivered to customers by capacitated vehicles. Each order (job) is associated with a customer, weight (priority), processing time, due time, and size (volume or storage space required in the transportation unit). A mathematical model is presented in which a number of weighted linear combinations of the objectives are used to aggregate both objectives into a single objective. Because even the single objective problem is NP-hard, different heuristics based on a genetic algorithm (GA) are developed to further approximate a Pareto-optimal set of solutions for our multi-objective problem.
Nuclear resonance study of the ferrimagnetic spiral MnCr2O4

Abstract The Mn 55 nuclear magnetic resonance is studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field in the ferrimagnetic spiral MnCr 2 O 4 . Using the nmr frequency as a measure of the sublattice magnetization, the observed T 3 dependence indicates a linear spin wave dispersion relation as expected for a spiral spin configuration. The field dependence of the nmr frequency is analyzed in terms of the spiral model and yields a cone half-angle of 63.5°. Evidence is presented indicating local deviations from the ideal ferrimagnetic spiral of Lyons, Kaplan, Dwight and Menyuk.
Same-sex imitation of and reported agreement with parents and unfamiliar adults

Children aged 7, 10, and 14 were shown sets of photographs of human figures for each of which they made judgments of age or attractiveness. Randomly determined responses appeared under each set of photographs. Half the children were told the responses represented choices of parents and the other half that they represented choices of unfamiliar adults. After the opportunity to imitate, children were asked whom they thought they agreed with the most. Findings indicated only a small, borderline-significant effect for same-sex imitation, but a large, highly significant effect for reported agreement, particularly in the unfamiliar adult condition (p < .001). Discussion centered on two issues: (1) Same-sex effects appear strongest when the act of choosing between adults and the adults' gender are accentuated; and (2) differences between present and previous findings regarding same-sex effects for parents vs unfamiliar adults may relate to the ages of the children investigated.
Macroencapsulation of Sodium Nitrate for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Thermal Power

Storage systems based on latent heat storage have high-energy storage density, which reduces the footprint of the system and the cost. However, phase change materials (PCMs) have very low thermal conductivities making them unsuitable for large-scale use without enhancing the effective thermal conductivity. In order to address the low thermal conductivity of the PCMs, macroencapsulation of PCMs is adopted as an effective technique. The macro encapsulation not only provides a self-supporting structure but also enhances the heat transfer rate.In this research, Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), a low cost PCM, was selected for thermal storage in a temperature range of 300–500°C. The PCM was encapsulated in a metal oxide cell using self-assembly reactions, hydrolysis, and simultaneous chemical oxidation at various temperatures. The metal oxide encapsulated PCM capsule was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cyclic stability and thermal performance of the capsules were also studied.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Towards a more accurate flux corrected transport algorithm

Abstract An algorithm is discussed for solving first-order hyperbolic equations whose solution may exhibit very steep and changing gradients (shock-like) and large dynamic range. In developing the algorithm, emphasis has been placed on obtaining more accurate solutions. The algorithm is based on Flux Corrected Transport techniques.
Mutational Analysis of the Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus Reveals Its Involvement in the Efficiency of Viral RNA Replication

The RNA genome of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) contains a hypervariable region (HVR) in ORF1 that tolerates small deletions with respect to infectivity. To further investigate the role of the HVR in HEV replication, we constructed a panel of mutants with overlapping deletions in the N-terminal, central, and C-terminal regions of the HVR by using a genotype 1 human HEV luciferase replicon and analyzed the effects of deletions on viral RNA replication in Huh7 cells. We found that the replication levels of the HVR deletion mutants were markedly reduced in Huh7 cells, suggesting a role of the HVR in viral replication efficiency. To further verify the results, we constructed HVR deletion mutants by using a genetically divergent, nonmammalian avian HEV, and similar effects on viral replication efficiency were observed when the avian HEV mutants were tested in LMH cells. Furthermore, the impact of complete HVR deletion on virus infectivity was tested in chickens, using an avian HEV mutant with a complete HVR deletion. Although the deletion mutant was still replication competent in LMH cells, the complete HVR deletion resulted in a loss of avian HEV infectivity in chickens. Since the HVR exhibits extensive variations in sequence and length among different HEV genotypes, we further examined the interchangeability of HVRs and demonstrated that HVR sequences are functionally exchangeable between HEV genotypes with regard to viral replication and infectivity in vitro, although genotype-specific HVR differences in replication efficiency were observed. The results showed that although the HVR tolerates small deletions with regard to infectivity, it may interact with viral and host factors to modulate the efficiency of HEV replication.
Duration and Structure of the Past Four Interglaciations

Reanalysis and additional dating of the Devils Hole δ18O paleotemperature record confirm that the last interglaciation in the Great Basin (the continental analog of marine isotopic substage 5e) lasted ∼22,000 yr, consistent with the Vostok paleotemperature record which suggests a duration of ∼19,000 yr for this event in Antarctica. The three preceding interglaciations in the Devils Hole record (analogs of marine isotopic substages 7e, 9c, and 11c) range from 20,000 to 26,000 yr in duration. A ∼20,000-yr duration for the last interglaciation is consistent with TIMS uranium-series dated sea-level high stands. Thus, the widely held view that interglaciations were of 11,000- to 13,000-yr duration and constituted only about 10% of mid-to-late Pleistocene climatic cycles needs reexamination. The warmest portion of each interglaciation in the Devils Hole time series is marked by a δ18O plateau, signifying apparent climatic stability for periods of 10,000- to 15,000-yr duration.
An open source extensible software package to create whole-body compliant skills in personal mobile manipulators

Whole-body operational space control is a powerful compliant control approach for robots that physically interact with their environment. The underlying mathematical and algorithmic principles have been laid in a large body of published work, and novel research keeps advancing its formulation and variations. However the lack of a reusable and robust shared implementation has hindered its widespread adoption.
Evaluation of rotation correction techniques for electromagnetic position tracking systems

Electromagnetic position tracking devices are an integral part of many modern virtual reality systems. However, they have an inherent accuracy problem due to the dependence on the local electromagnetic field that can be easily distorted by a presence of magnetically active elements near the tracker's transmitter or receiver. Several analytical techniques have been proposed to overcome this limitation, however none of them is particularly good with the correction of rotation. In this work, we investigate various rotation correction algorithms in an attempt to identify the one that is most accurate and reliable.
Predictors of Treatment Adherence Among Asthma Patients in the Emergency Department

This study examined predictors of treatment adherence among 120 adult patients with asthma at two emergency departments (EDs). Structured medical chart reviews were performed for characteristics hypothesized to be associated with treatment adherence difficulties. Sixty percent of subjects had evidence of nonadherence with asthma treatment. Several variables were associated with nonadherence including younger age, more utilization of ED services (more ED visits, using the ED for medication refills), certain treatment characteristics (receiving more medications in the ED, not being prescribed prednisone at discharge), and not keeping post-discharge follow-up appointments. Further research should be directed at enhancing self-management skills and decreasing inappropriate ED use among nonadherent patients.
Radiotherapy and Perianal Paget's Disease

The aim of this study is to document a case of Extra Mammary Paget's Disease (EMPD), which was treated with radiotherapy at the Suffolk Oncology Centre. We have shown evidence, both in the reviewed literature and in this study, that radiotherapy can be used successfully as a primary form of treatment for this disease. The patient discussed in this paper had EMPD in the perianal region. 40 Gy in 10# using a parallel-opposed pair field arrangement was prescribed. However due to mental and physical frailty only 90% of the dose could be delivered. The patient suffered only minor side effects and three years post-radiotherapy was still disease free. We can therefore say that radiotherapy was successful in this instance. We concluded that there is a definite role for radiotherapy in the management of EMPD and that it can be effective as a primary treatment, where the only other option could be mutilating surgery.
Suberin from Plants

Introduction Historical Outline Occurrence and Ultrastructure of Suberin Isolation of Suberized Cell Walls Chemical Composition of Suberin Aliphatic Components of Suberin Aromatic Components of Suberin Structure of Suberin Biosynthesis of Suberin Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Monomers Enzymatic Synthesis of the Aromatic Monomers of Suberin Synthesis of the Polymer from Monomers Degradation of Suberin Function of Suberin Potential Commercial Use for Suberin Outlook and Perspectives Patents Keywords: suberin; ω-hydroxy fatty acids; dicarbocylic acids; phenolics; chain elongation; ω-hydroxylation; ω-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase; cork; cell wall; lamellae; glycerol; cytochrome P450; abscisic acid; peroxidase; nuclear magnetic resonance; mass spectrometry; periderm; suberization; Casparian band; endodermis; cinnamic acid; phenylalanine: ammonia lyase; aromatic domain; aliphatic domain; crosspolarization magic angle spin; biosynthesis; fatty alcohols; biodegradation; diffusion resistance
CLIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS AND THEIR CHILDREN: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

The problem of adults with severe mental illness parenting minor children is a growing concern. These clients suffer from concerns that negatively affect them and their children. This study showed many clients seeking services at public mental health agencies are parents of minor children and have had a history of family dysfunction. Prevalence rates, demographic characteristics, types of mental illness diagnoses, family background variables, and some current issues regarding these clients were examined. The study concludes with clinical implications for clients and their families and calls for a family focused approach.
Laser power calculations: sources of error

The physical phenomena that dominate the power characteristics of a laser depend on the detailed nature of the amplifying medium and the resonator structure. In predicting the power characteristics, numerous approximations are always required. The most important approximations are considered here in detail, and error estimates are presented so that a designer can select the appropriate model for a particular application. Emphasis is placed on analytic solutions and specific phenomena considered include longitudinal and transverse spatial hole burning, large single-pass gain, and mixed line broadening.
The role of periphyton in mediating the effects of pollution in a stream ecosystem.

The effects of pollutants on primary producers ramify through ecosystems because primary producers provide food and structure for higher trophic levels and they mediate the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants. Periphyton (attached algae) were studied as part of a long-term biological monitoring program designed to guide remediation efforts by the Department of Energy’s Y-12 National Security Complex on East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. High concentrations of nutrients entering EFPC were responsible for elevated periphyton production and placed the stream in a state of eutrophy. High rates of primary production at upstream locations in EFPC were associated with alterations in both invertebrate and fish communities. Grazers represented >50% of the biomass of invertebrates and fish near the Y-12 Complex but <10% at downstream and reference sites. An index of epilithic periphyton production accounted for 95% of the site-to-site variation in biomass of grazing fish. Analyses of heavy metals in EFPC periphyton showed that concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel in periphyton decreased exponentially with distance downstream from Y-12. Zinc uptake by periphyton was estimated to reduce the concentration of this metal in stream water ~60% over a 5-km reach of EFPC. Management options for mitigating eutrophy in EFPC include additional reductions in nutrient inputs and/or allowing streamside trees to grow and shade the stream. However, reducing periphyton growth may lead to greater downstream transport of contaminants while simultaneously causing higher concentrations of mercury and PCBs in fish at upstream sites.
Reading Heidegger and interpretive phenomenology: a response to the work of Michael Crotty

In a recent paper in Nursing Inquiry and in his other work, Michael Crotty was severely critical of much interpretive nursing scholarship and especially of some nurse scholars' interpretations of the work of Martin Heidegger. In this paper we respond to Crotty's attempt to set out what Heidegger 'actually says' [sic] in relation to tradition, culture, destruction, das Man and everydayness. We suggest that Crotty took a narrow, existentialist view of Heidegger's work and that this view was often misguided and poorly informed. We show not only that an alternative understanding of Heidegger's work in these important areas is possible, but that this interpretation is strongly supported by a deeper and wider reading of Heidegger's own work and of the secondary literature of Heideggerian scholarship.
The concept of views in simulation

The concept of views is widely used in the database community as a tool to reorganize and extend a database. It allows different users to look at the same data in different ways without changing the original data or violating its integrity. The same concept can be applied to a simulation model to find new high level interaction patterns among the components of a model without having to define new models and in a way that maintains consistency among the results. This paper makes a comparison of what the concept means in both contexts, describes a system that is under development to support views in simulation, and presents a small example.
Role of the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma

On June 26-27, 2001, the Sixth Research Roundtable in Multiple Myeloma, entitled "The Role of the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma," was held and focused on the biology of cell-to-cell interactions, the mediators of bone disease, and novel treatment strategies for myeloma. Studies on cell-cell interactions showed that vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, expressed by local endothelial and stromal cells, binds to tumor cell surface integrins in which expression may be increased by tumor cell-derived chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha. These adhesive interactions increase production and release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Studies on myeloma bone disease showed the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (RANKL) was expressed on tumor cells and stromal cells associated with myeloma cells and was critical for osteoclast-induced osteolysis. Blockade of RANKL suppressed osteoclast maturation, bone resorption, and tumor development. Bisphosphonates, in addition to reducing osteoclast mobility and inducing osteoclast apoptosis, also decreased tumor cell adhesion to stroma. Immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide analogues targeted these tumor cell-stromal cell interactions, blocking both secretion of cytokines and activation of intracellular signaling pathways required for tumor survival and growth. These agents induced tumor cell apoptosis, decreased neovascularization, and potentiated natural killer cell activity. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 also prevented expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines and triggered tumor cell apoptosis, even in drug-resistant cell lines, while showing minimal activity in healthy cells. In addition, potential therapeutic agents under investigation, which included RANKL antagonists, protein prenylation inhibitors, and osteoblast growth factors, were discussed.
Workplace Bullying: Is It A Matter Of Growth?

The issues surrounding workplace bullying have existed for quite some time, but the term itself and its definition are relatively new. To delve further into this topic, this research is intended to answer the question, “What is the perception of workplace bullying within the educated workforce?” The assertions presented will center on factors, impact to productivity, and management as they relate to bullying in the workplace. Additionally, where available, legislation that has been passed or proposed to protect businesses and individuals with regard to punitive controls and management of these behaviors has been reviewed. Last, factors will be introduced in reference to prey and predator as they correlate to responsibility in addressing workplace bullying itself.
Reiki Therapy for Symptom Management in Children Receiving Palliative Care: A Pilot Study.

Background:Pain may be reported in one-half to three-fourths of children with cancer and other terminal conditions and anxiety in about one-third of them. Pharmacologic methods do not always give s...
QIAGEN Therascreen KRAS RGQ Assay, QIAGEN KRAS Pyro Assay, and Dideoxy Sequencing for Clinical Laboratory Analysis of KRAS Mutations in Tumor Specimens.

Objective: To compare the performance of assays used to assess KRAS mutations in tumor specimens. Methods: We analyzed DNA extracted from 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens using the QIAGEN Therascreen KRAS RGQ and QIAGEN Pyro reagents, with dideoxy sequencing (colloquially considered to be the gold standard) as the reference method. Results: We detected 22 codon 12 or 13 KRAS mutations using the Pyro assay, whereas the RGQ assay detected 19 mutations. For mutation detection, the clinical sensitivity was 86% for the RGQ assay compared with 100% for the Pyro but 100% for the KRAS mutations that the RGQ was predesigned to detect. The Pyro could detect rare mutations. The RGQ demonstrated a lower limit of detection compared with the Pyro; However, the Pyro required less DNA input than the RGQ. Conclusion: The 2 assays that we tested yielded comparable performance in detecting KRAS mutations, as we had expected based on assay design. Overall, the Pyro assay detects more mutations and requires less DNA input but is less analytically sensitive, compared with the RGQ assay. * Abbreviations : EGFR : epidermal growth factor receptor PCR : polymerase chain reaction FDA : United States Food and Drug Administration IVD : in vitro diagnostic FFPE : formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ARMS : Amplification Refractory Mutation System LOD : limit of detection VAF : variant allele frequency NSCLC : non–small cell lung cancer PPV : positive predictive value NPV : negative predictive value Gly : Glycine : G Ala : Alanine : A Arg : Arginine : R : Asp : Aspartic Acid D : Ser : Serine : S : Val : Valine : V : Cys : Cysteine : C
A New Modified Rapid Noncarcinogenic Myeloperoxidase Staining Technique Using 4-Chloro-1-naphthol

A new modified noncarcinogenic histochemical staining technique for the localization of myeloperoxidase in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells using 4-chloro-1-naphthol as the chromogen and May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) counterstain is described. Fifty specimens from healthy control subjects and patients with leukemia and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation were studied using the rapid myeloperoxidase staining technique as described by Elias and a modified approach using the MGG counterstain. We observed refined nuclear details in the latter group. This additional morphological information along with the demonstration of peroxidase activity offer superior identification of the leukemic blast cell population, which is critical to diagnosis and follow-up evaluation.
Trends in undergraduate economics degrees, 1991–2014

AbstractThe 2007–10 growth spurt (18 percent over 3 years) in U.S. undergraduate economics degrees stalled in 2011. Degrees awarded were stagnant over the succeeding three years but show evidence of accelerating rapidly again in 2013–14.
Treatment of Neonates with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia(PSVT)

Objective:To investigate the effective treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) in neonates.Methods:The clinical data of 15 neonates with PSVT were retrogradely analyzed.Results: In 14 cases the cardial failure was corrected,normal sinus rhythm was obtained,normal myocardial enzyme spectrum and troponin seral levels were found.The above patients were discharged in 4～10 days after attack.Oral digoxin was ordered for 3 to 6 months for prevention.Other one patient refused further treatment at 92 hours after treatment initiation because of no obvious clinical inprovement.Conclusion:(1)Digoxin is the drug of the first choice in treating neonates with PSTV.ATP, propafenone and amiodarone should be added in case that digoxin infusion alone is not effective.(2)It is a safe and effective approach for treating PSVT.
Effect of Rolandic Spikes on ADHD Impulsive Behavior

The association of Rolandic spikes with the neuropsychological profile of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was studied in a total of 48 patients at JW Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main; and Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
English web page use in an EFL setting: A contrastive rhetoric view of the development of information literacy

The nonlinear and interactive nature of Internet searches makes them quite different from other types of reading acts. This chapter describes a study that investigated how English as a foreign language (EFL) Internet users in a Chilean university community approached English language websites and databases. Participants were observed in computer workshops, surveyed, interviewed, and asked to use a think-aloud protocol while navigating unfamiliar websites in English. Contrastive rhetoric and schema theory were used to interpret the findings. English-specific problems included word order confusions and incorrect interpretations of synonyms. Among the younger participants, level of English proficiency did not correlate highly with skill in finding information over the Internet. Differences between user schemata and Web page layouts were found to negatively affect some information search attempts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Japan Triumphant: The Reagan and Bush Era, 1981–93

It was an eventful twelve years, with the world and its power relations undergoing vast geopolitical and geoeconomic convulsions. The most important event, of course, was the collapse of the Soviet empire and communism. As George Kennan had predicted four decades earlier, communism and the Russian empire were doomed and would eventually crumble from their inability to develop a comfortable or meaningful economic, social, or political life for those under its sway. The western industrial democracies could accelerate that demise by achieving a virtuous cycle of economic development and political stability, by containing any Soviet psychological and political efforts to increase their influence in the west, and by negotiating constructively with Moscow on outstanding issues. This selective containment strategy would hold the Soviets at arm’s length as the internal rot did its work.
The Role of Light and Dark on the Dispersal and Transmission of Echinostoma caproni (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) Cercariae

ABSTRACT: Abiotic stimuli are critical in the dispersal and transmission of trematode cercariae from the first intermediate host to the next host in the life cycle. The role of 2 abiotic stimuli, light and gravity, were examined in the dispersal and transmission of the cercariae of Echinostoma caproni in a laboratory setting. Nearly 100% of cercariae placed in a vertical chamber that permitted upward migration with a marginal probability of return swam to the surface in both light and dark conditions, suggesting that a positive phototaxis is not involved in dispersal and that a negative geotaxis may be the critical component in the vertical migration. The presence of a sentinel snail (Biomphalaria glabrata) in the bottom portion of the transmission chamber resulted in a significant reduction of cercariae dispersing upward and a significantly higher intensity of metacercariae in snails under lighted conditions than in the dark. In a light/dark choice experiment the prevalence and intensity of metacercaria...
Encouraging Community in a Continuing Care Retirement Community.

I am pleased that this journal has focused interest on the role of community in aging in place. One way to keep people in community is to make sure that they can stay in their own homes as they age...
Robotic Total Pelvic Exenteration With Intracorporeal Sigmoid Conduit and Colostomy: Step-by-Step Technique.

Objective To describe our technique for robotic total pelvic exenteration with intracorporeal sigmoid conduit and colostomy using the da Vinci Si robot. Methods Three 8-mm robotic ports and two 12-mm laparoscopic ports are placed in a “W” configuration, approximately 2-3 cm more cephalad than for radical prostatectomy ( Fig. 1 ). The robot is docked between the legs with the patient in steep Trendelenburg. The ureters are dissected out from the iliac vessels to the rectovesical pouch, where they are clipped and transected. The sigmoid colon is stapled across at the rectosigmoid junction and reflected into the abdomen. A posterior plane is developed below the rectum ( Fig. 2A ), if space allows, or through the rectum. The endopelvic fascia is exposed and incised bilaterally. After sequentially controlling the bladder and prostatic pedicles ( Fig. 2B ) using the Harmonic scalpel, the urethra is transected at the prostatic apex, and the anterior rectal wall is incised ( Fig. 2C ). Any remaining attachments are divided, the rectal remnant is excised, and the specimen is bagged and extracted ( Fig. 2D ). Adjacent segments of left and sigmoid colon are harvested for the conduit and colostomy, avoiding a bowel anastomosis. The ureters are anastomosed to the conduit, maintaining separation between the gastrointestinal and the urinary systems. The conduit and left end colostomy are matured ( Fig. 3 ). The technique is performed entirely intracorporeally with specimen extraction through the anus, avoiding a large open incision. Results We present the case of a high-functioning (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1) 73-year-old man with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer following failed primary brachytherapy. Despite a good systemic response to chemotherapy and complete androgen blockade, his prostate-specific antigen level continued to rise (to 33 ng/mL) because of an enlarging prostatic pelvic mass. He suffered from progressive local symptoms, including intractable pelvic pain, obstructive uropathy, and impending rectal obstruction. The indication for pelvic exenteration was local palliation. Total robotic time was 5.4 hours. The perioperative course was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to metastatic prostate cancer, which resulted in a transient ischemic attack. The disseminated intravascular coagulation resolved with blood product transfusion, and the patient recovered well without permanent disability. In-patient length of stay was 8 days. Complete local palliation was achieved until the patient's death from prostate cancer 5 months later. Conclusion We demonstrate our step-by-step technique for robotic total pelvic exenteration with intracorporeal sigmoid conduit.
The Paradigm at the Crossroads in the Middle of the Whirlwind: Arnold Schoenberg, João Guimarães Rosa, and the Animating Faust

In the poem Dichtung und Wahrheit , Anthony Hecht explores the limits of representative art in the attempt to transcend the dichotomy between life and fixture, citing the need for a “Faust” to animate representation. Through the prism of cyberneticist Gregory Bateson’s theories on advanced levels of learning and controlling paradigm shifts, this article explores how the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg and the Brazilian writer Joao Guimaraes Rosa both exemplify Hecht’s concept of an animating Faust. It juxtaposes Schoenberg’s twelve-tone method with Guimaraes Rosa’s transrealism in their respective contexts, culminating in a comparison of the latter’s novel Grande sertao: veredas with the former’s opera Moses und Aron in order to show how they break out of the paradigms of their respective periods, transporting the reader/ listener to the unknowable place that Guimaraes Rosa called the “third bank of the river.”
Relation Between Dynamic and Static Phase Transformation Studies

Phase transformations have always held a special fascination for high-pressure physicists. The past decade especially has seen a tremendous expansion in the amount of work performed under both static and dynamic conditions. Most of this has concentrated on simple elements or compounds which have geophysical significance, leaving those materials of most interest to the working metallurgist (e. g., binary and ternary alloys) virtually untouched. Equally unfortunate is the fact that the two sources of data (static and dynamic) often seem to be treated as separate entities with no real effort made to correlate results from the two, even though the accessible pressure and temperature ranges now overlap in many cases. There has perhaps been some justification for this because of the understandable reluctance of many workers to believe that thermodynamic equilibrium can be attained under shock-wave conditions. The good agreement between the Hugoniot intercept and zero-pressure sound speeds for many materials was an early indication that, despite strain rate differences of many orders of magnitude, static and dynamic measurements are compatible. The recent work of Vaidya and Kennedy1 among others has shown that properly reduced shock wave data and static compressibility data agree to well within experimental error up to 50 kb or more.
Controllable ALD synthesis of platinum nanoparticles by tuning different synthesis parameters

Pt nanoparticles were successfully deposited using three different atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods, e.g. AB-type, ABC-type and static ABC-type ALD, on two different types of strontium titanate nanocuboids (STO-NCs) samples in a reaction temperature window of 125 °C–300 °C. The influence of reaction temperature, number of ALD cycles, type of substrate, 2nd reagent and type of ALD method on Pt nanoparticle deposition are comprehensively studied and discussed in this work. Varying the reaction temperature and number of cycles across the three different ALD methods affects Pt particle size, density, and loading. Surface termination of STO-NCs substrate will change deposited Pt nanoparticle growth orientation and thermodynamic shape. The B reagent besides platinum precursor can lead to different ligand decomposition mechanism when Pt precursors are exposed: oxygen allows more effective ligand combustion compared to water, however, the Pt particles are more oxidized according to XPS studies. We expect this work provides a way for tailoring nanoparticles with desired size, dispersion, exposed surfaces and chemical state etc, which helps controlling and optimizing their performance when applied as catalysts or nanosensors.
Reply: Use of Parametric Tests to Analyze Ordinal Data.

REPLY: We would like to respond to the critique recently submitted to the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology regarding our article titled “Adapting a Standardized, Industry-Proven Tool to Measure Patients’ Perceptions of Quality at the Point of Care in a PET/CT Center.” First, we would
Faith-Based Persistence and Permutations

Faith-based initiatives first entered the American lexicon over two decades ago, and the practice of government has been significantly altered ever since. This initiative’s genesis, effectively Faith-Based 1.0, formally began under Charitable Choice, a provision in 1996’s Welfare Reform Law. This provision offered clients of government funded job placement, housing, food distribution, and other programs the choice of receiving services from a faith-based or secular provider. It also reversed the longstanding requirement for faith-based organizations to secularize themselves before becoming eligible to bid for government service contracts.