cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
α-Bungarotoxin binding in relation to functional organization of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

Abstract [125I]α-Bungarotoxin (α-Btx) binding was quantified in autoradiographs of in vitro labeled sections through the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Recent evidence suggests that acetylcholine and α-Btx binding sites in the SCN region25 may mediate effects of light on circadian functions. In contrast to the ventrolateral termination of retinal axons, there was a consistent pattern of relatively high α-Btx binding levels in the dorsolateral SCN and low levels in the ventromedial SCN. In addition, enucleation had little or no effect. We also investigated the possibility that phase-dependent influences of light on circadian functions could reflect the presence of light-induced or daily rhythms in α-Btx binding. Animals were tested in a light-dark cycle or after 1–2 days in constant light. The dorsolateral SCN showed a small but significant decline of α-Btx binding in animals in light at night compared to darkness at night. α-Btx binding in the SCN showed no statistically significant daily variation in animals in the light-dark cycle.
Comparison of the main body of the external anal sphincter muscle cross-sectional area between women with and without prolapse

The aim of the study was to compare the main body of the external anal sphincter (EAS) cross-sectional area (CSA) of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 40 women were selected for analysis. Of these women, 20 had pelvic organ prolapse and 20 had normal support. Of the women with normal support, 10 had known major levator ani (LA) muscle defects and 10 had normal LA muscles. The same was true for the women with pelvic prolapse: half had major LA defects and half had no LA defects. All patients had previously completed pelvic MRI in the supine position. 3-D models of the EAS were made and CSA of the EAS perpendicular to the fiber direction were measured circumferentially at 30° intervals. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. The mean CSA did not significantly differ between women with prolapse and normal support regardless of LA defect status (normal/−LA defect = 1.13 cm2, prolapse/−LA defect = 0.86 cm2, p = 0.065; normal/+LA defect = 1.08 cm2, prolapse/+LA defect = 1.28 cm2, p = 0.28). Women with prolapse and LA defects had a 49% larger mean muscle CSA compared to prolapse patients without LA defects (p = 0.01). This difference associated with defect status in prolapse patients was not seen in women with normal support. Women with prolapse alone had external anal sphincter CSAs that were comparable to women with normal support. However, women with both prolapse and a major levator ani defect had larger external anal sphincter CSAs compared to prolapse patients without levator ani defects.
Ultraviolet spectra of silicate glasses: A review of some experimental evidence☆

Abstract Ultraviolet spectroscopy is a useful experimental tool for the determination of the electronic structure of glasses. This paper discusses the ultraviolet spectra of SiO2 and high-purity silicate glasses. It considers in turn, absorption intrinsic to the SiO network, the effects of network modifiers, impurity-induced absorption, luminescence and radiation damage, both permanent and transient, in the wavelength region extending from 90 to 350 nm.
A transition to vanishing current superconductivity in YBa2Cu3Ox

Abstract Using films of YBa2Cu3Ox synthesized in a novel manner, we find an unusual current-voltage behavior characterized by a low temperature transition from ohmic response to a simple power law I=I0Vγ covering 3 orders of magnitude in V. γ is found to decrease smoothly with decreasing T from unity at 60K to approximately 1 2 at 4.2K. Harmonic generation from sinusoidal excitation is observed, as expected, but no superconducting path is found.
Psychologists and Primary Care Physicians: A Training Model for Creating Collaborative Relationships

For over a decade insurance reform, changes in health care delivery, reimbursement policies, and managed care have increased pressure on psychologists to diversify beyond traditional practices. Despite the negative impact of failing to make a transformation, most psychologists have not modified their practice and most training programs do not prepare psychologists to provide integrated care. The current paper describes the importance of primary care and psychology partnering to create integrated care models and makes the case that such partnerships are not only beneficial to patients but to both professions. The paper concludes with a description of a training model that has been implemented at the institution of the authors that provides opportunities for psychologists to learn how to practice in primary care settings.
Mechanism of water oxidation by single-site ruthenium complex catalysts.

The mechanism of Ce(IV) water oxidation catalyzed by [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(OH2)]2+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine; bpm = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) and related single-site catalysts has been determined by a combination of mixing and stopped-flow experiments with spectrophotometric monitoring. The mechanism features O---O coupling by water attack on RuV═O3+ and three peroxidic intermediates that have been characterized by a combination of spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Analysis of rotational robustness of hand detection with a Viola-Jones detector

The research described in this paper analyzes the in-plane rotational robustness of the Viola-Jones object detection method when used for hand appearance detection. We determine the rotational bounds for training and detection for achieving undiminished performance without an increase in classifier complexity. The result - up to 15/spl deg/ total - differs from the method's performance on faces (30/spl deg/ total). We found that randomly rotating the training data within these bounds allows for detection rates about one order of magnitude better than those trained on strictly aligned data. The implications of the results effect both savings in training costs as well as increased naturalness and comfort of vision-based hand gesture interfaces.
Marketing and business performance

Academics and managers have struggled for many years to understand and delineate the role of marketing in explaining business performance differences between firms. Most of the theory base for any such attempts has to be informed by strategic management theory, since the primary question that strategic management seeks to answer is why some firms outperform others over time. This paper synthesizes three major streams of thought in strategic management with the empirical and theoretical literature on strategic marketing to develop an integrative theory-based conceptual framework linking marketing with firms’ business performance.
Fairness in Animals: Where to from Here?

In the last decade, there has been an explosion of work investigating non-human species’ behavior as it relates to the human sense of fairness and justice. This research has provided a much needed evolutionary perspective on humans, and highlighted ways in which humans’ behavior is both similar to and different from that of other species. In this concluding paper, we outline the major threads of the work highlighted in this and the previous special issues of Social Justice Research and provide thoughts on future directions for the field. This is a very exciting time in our exploration of the evolution of human justice and fairness, and we eagerly await the developments of the next decade.
Goodness-of-fit testing in regression: A finite sample comparison of bootstrap methodology and Khmaladze transformation

Abstract It is well known that the tests based on the residual empirical process for fitting an error distribution in regression models are not asymptotically distribution free. One either uses a Monte-Carlo method or a bootstrap method to implement them. Another option is to base tests on the Khmaladze transformation of these processes because it renders them asymptotically distribution free. This note compares Monte-Carlo, naive bootstrap, and the smooth bootstrap methods of implementing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test with the Khmaladze transformed test. We find that the transformed test outperforms the naive and smooth bootstrap methods in preserving the level. The note also includes a power comparison of these tests.
Invariant factors of combinatorial matrices

The Smith normal forms of an Hadamard matrix of order 4m (m square-free), and of the incidence matrix of a (ν, k, λ) configuration (n=k−λ square-free (n, λ)=1), are determined.
An infinite-dimensional integral identity for the Segal-Bargmann transform

We prove an infinite-dimensional integral identity equating the integral of a function on a subspace of a linear space to the integral of its Segal-Bargmann transform over the orthogonal complement.
Multiplicity and multiplexing in today's cinemas: Diasporic cinema, art cinema, and mainstream cinema

ABSTRACTThis article explores the resurgence of a new mainstream cinema, a new Hollywood cinema (or Bollywood cinema for that matter), which I'm calling multiplex cinema. In the current moment of post-diasporic and post-Internet globalization, which is driven by two seemingly contradictory movements in the world intersecting with each other, I apply the context of multiplex from the site of film exhibition to film texts. Of these two movements in the world, one (the post-diasporic) involves increasing physical displacement and dispersion of people across the globe, the other (the post-digital) is the increasing consolidation and digitization of media. The presence of large, displaced and globalized populations of both spectators and the producers of these works is important to the emergence of this global cinema, as well as these works' historical debt to accented cinema.
Expression of three isoforms of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in human penile cavernosum.

Inhibition of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type V (PDE5) has been shown to improve penile erection in patients with erectile dysfunction. We report here the cloning of three PDE5 isoforms from human penile tissues. Two of the isoforms were identical to PDE5A1 and PDE5A2, respectively, which had been isolated from nonpenile tissues. The third isoform was novel and hence called PDE5A3. The deduced amino acid sequence of PDE5A3 was the same as the C-terminal 823-residue sequence of PDE5A1 and PDE5A2. While PDE5A1 and A2 isoforms were expressed in all tissues examined, the A3 isoform was confined to tissues with a smooth muscle or cardiac muscle component. When expressed in COS-7 cells, PDE5A1, A2, and A3 isoforms had similar cGMP-catalytic activities with K(m) of 6.2, 5.75, and 6.06 microM, respectively. Their cGMP-catalytic activities were inhibited by zaprinast with IC(50) values of 3.2 microM, 1.3 microM, and 1.6 microM, respectively, and by sildenafil with IC(50) of 28, 14, and 13 nM, respectively.
Freeman Dyson was right about analyticity and perturbation series

Here we wish to study the exact eigenvalues of a family of one-dimensional, positive, symmetric potentials with two turning points, which includes the simple harmonic oscillator. The eigenvalues are shown to depend on branch point singularities in the coupling constant by both Bohr–Sommerfeld and canonical quantization procedures, thus ruling out convergent power series expansions in the coupling constant and severely restricting the analytic continuation of the coupling constant g in the complex plane. In particular, analytic continuation of the eigenvalues from positive to negative values in the usual inertial Hilbert space is not possible because of the branch point singularities as Dyson argued long ago.
Introduction of single base substitutions at homologous chromosomal sequences by adeno-associated virus vectors.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors can modify homologous chromosomal sequences at high rates. This gene targeting transduction pathway is distinct from the integrating and episomal pathways used in gene addition approaches. In previous studies, AAV vectors were used to introduce small insertion and deletion mutations at homologous chromosomal loci. Here we show that AAV-mediated gene targeting can also be used to introduce all possible types of single base substitution mutations at the endogenous single-copy hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. Southern blot and sequence analysis showed that the point mutations were introduced with high fidelity. We also show that AAV vectors can repair chromosomal alkaline phosphatase genes containing point mutations. Our results suggest that AAV vectors can be used to introduce single base substitutions at high frequencies in normal human cells, including the correction of point mutations responsible for genetic diseases.
Computer-Baesed Recognition of Perceptual Patterns and Learning Styles in Rhythmic Dictation Exercises

During the 1978-79 academic year, sixteen freshman music majors participated in an experiment in which their response data were saved as they worked through 24 units of rhythmic dictation exercises in the University of Delaware's GUIDO® system. Analysis of the student data base showed perceptual patterns and learning styles common to exercises in both simple and compound meters. First, it was found that basic undotted, nonduplet, nontriplet notes are confused exclusively with themselves and never with dotted notes, duplets, or triplets. The same exclusive confusion pattern is seen for dotted notes, duplets, and triplets, except that they are also confused with their unmodified basic counterparts. By varying the time signatures used in the experiment, it was found that significantly more exercises are correctly answered in simple meter when a four is on the bottom, and the same pattern was found when an eight is on the bottom in compound meter. Randomly varying the pitch of the monotone stimulus between c ...
Opioid maintenance, weaning and detoxification techniques: where we have been, where we are now and what the future holds

SUMMARY Medically supervised opioid withdrawal is a complex and constantly evolving exercise in multimodal therapy that draws from the expertise of a variety of clinical specialties. Acute substitution and weaning has been performed utilizing opioid agonists, partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine), mixed agonist/antagonists (e.g., Suboxone®), and α2 adrenergic agonists. While thousands of patients are being treated with these ‘classic’ opioid-withdrawal techniques, traditional treatment approaches are being challenged by the emergence of innovative techniques based on an understanding of the neurochemistry of addiction. Pharmacotherapy with controlled withdrawal is currently the most reliable method of opioid detoxification, but, as translational medicine continues to advance and genomic markers for opioid sensitivity and dependence are identified, the future shows great potential for growth and change.
Responses of male Greater Prairie-Chickens to wind energy development

Renewable energy resources have received increased attention because of impacts of fossil fuels on global climate change. In Kansas, USA, optimal sites for wind energy development often overlap with preferred habitats of the Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), a lek-mating prairie grouse of conservation concern. We tested for potential effects of energy development on male Greater Prairie-Chickens in north-central Kansas. We captured males at 23 leks located 0.04 to 28 km from wind turbines during a 2-yr preconstruction period (2007–2008) and a 3-yr postconstruction period (2009–2011). First, we tested for effects of proximity to turbines, habitat, and lek size on annual probability of lek persistence and changes in male numbers. We predicted that energy development might result in behavioral avoidance of areas close to turbines, resulting in increased rates of lek abandonment and fewer males attending surviving leks. We found that distance to turbine had a negative effect on lek persistence for leks ,8 km from turbines during the postconstruction period, supporting the 8-km buffer zone recommended by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an offset for wind energy projects. Additionally, lek persistence was positively related to number of males counted at a lek and with grassland cover surrounding the lek. Second, we tested for effects of wind energy development on male body mass. We predicted that degraded habitat conditions might result in decreased body mass for males attending leks near turbines during the postconstruction period. Male body mass was ~2% lower during the postconstruction period, but distance to turbine did not affect body mass. Additional study is needed to determine whether short-term effects of turbines on lek persistence influence population viability of Greater Prairie-Chickens.
2-(Isopropylthio)benzoic acid.

The title acid, C10H12O2S, crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group P2(1)/c with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. There is a single hydrogen bond, in which the O and H atoms are ordered and OD...OA is 2.658(2) A. The hydrogen bond forms a cyclic dimer, with graph-set descriptor R2(2)(8), about a center of symmetry. The dihedral angle between the best-fit planes of the benzene ring and the carboxyl group is 13.6(1) degrees.
Benefits of correlated MIMO schemes for wideband communication

A wideband noncoherent multiantenna fading channel model in which the fading process exhibits both spatial and temporal correlation is analysed. By studying the derivative of mutual information at zero signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the significant gain is achieved by increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas for MIMO channel.
An analysis on measurement sensitivity of Short-Pulse Propagation technique using a virtual test bench

This paper presents the concept of using a virtual test bench to emulate measurements via simulation and modeling. For demonstration purposes, this idea is used to quantify the measurement sensitivity of the short-pulse propagation technique to the line parameter tolerances found in production level circuit boards without building the hardware. This method is applicable to other measurement methodologies such as in the calibration and de-embedding steps of frequency-domain characterization.
Bus or Car?: The Classic Choice in School Transportation

School-related traffic congestion causes increased commuter travel times in many communities because of high volumes of passenger cars on school campuses that often queue onto adjacent streets. To change modal choices and behaviors ultimately to prompt a decrease in this recurring congestion, research was done to gain a better understanding of the student, household, and trip attributes and behaviors that influence school transportation mode choice for students living beyond walking distance of school. When home-to-school distances make nonmotorized modes infeasible, families typically must choose between the automobile and the school bus for travel to and from school. School transportation mode choice models were developed to estimate morning and afternoon modal split between these two modes for a North Carolina school district. The factors that exhibited statistical significance in estimating mode choice for kindergarten to eighth-grade students included the total number of students in those grades livi...
Unattended Facial Expressions Asymmetrically Bias the Concurrent Processing of Nonemotional Information

Planned and reflexive behaviors often occur in the presence of emotional stimuli and within the context of an individual's acute emotional state. Therefore, determining the manner in which emotion and attention interact is an important step toward understanding how we function in the real world. Participants in the current investigation viewed centrally displayed, task-irrelevant, face distractors (angry, neutral, happy) while performing a lateralized go/no-go continuous performance task. Lateralized go targets and no-go lures that did not spatially overlap with the faces were employed to differentially probe processing in the left (LH) and right (RH) cerebral hemispheres. There was a significant interaction between expression and hemisphere, with an overall pattern such that angry distractors were associated with relatively more RH inhibitory errors than neutral or happy distractors and happy distractors with relatively more LH inhibitory errors than angry or neutral distractors. Simple effects analyses confirmed that angry faces differentially interfered with RH relative to LH inhibition and with inhibition in the RH relative to happy faces. A significant three-way interaction further revealed that state anxiety moderated relations between emotional expression and hemisphere. Under conditions of low cognitive load, more intense anxiety was associated with relatively greater RH than LH impairment in the presence of both happy and threatening distractors. By contrast, under high load, only angry distractors produced greater RH than LH interference as a function of anxiety.
Comparison of geometric optics and diffraction effects in radar scattering from steep and breaking waves

To address the issue of radar scattering from steep and breaking ocean waves, we developed an efficient and fast 2- D numerical full-wave approach to model both wave evolution and radar scattering from these waves. It enabled us to reproduce the main features of the temporal and polarization behavior of the radar signal such as sea spikes. In addition, to better understand the contribution of multiple scattering that might emerge from radar scattering on steep and breaking waves, we have modeled scattering using a ray-tracing approach that not only provides the ray picture but also supplies both the ray amplitude and the ray phase. This approach eliminates diffraction effects from consideration, leaving only geometric optics effects that include multiple reflections. As a result, angular dependencies of the scattering cross section based on the ray approach were calculated and compared with corresponding values from the full-wave approach. Generally, better agreement between these two approaches is obtained for forward scattering directions than for backscattering directions. Ray simulation for a backscattering direction does not reproduce the HH/W ratio with the spikes observed in the full- wave solution. This indicates that diffraction effects are critical for explaining important features of backscattering from breaking waves. The role of multiple reflections from the breaking wave profile in creating spikes with an anomalous HH/W ratio proved to be negligible.
Relationships among Coach Burnout, Coach Behaviors, and Athletes’ Psychological Responses

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship among coach burnout, coaching behaviors, and athletes’ psychological responses using Chelladurai’s (1980, 1990) multidimensional model of leadership as a theoretical framework. Two questions were addressed: (a) Do coaches who vary in level of burnout differ in the behaviors athletes perceive they exhibit? (b) Are coaching behaviors related to athletes’ enjoyment, perceived competence, anxiety, and burnout? A sample of 193 female soccer players and 15 head coaches of high school teams completed measures of the constructs of interest. Coaches higher in emotional exhaustion were perceived by their teams as providing less training and instruction and social support and making fewer autocratic and greater democratic decisions. For the second question, athletes’ perceptions of greater training and instruction, social support, positive feedback, democratic decisions, and less autocratic style were related to more positive (i.e., perceived competenc...
Puberty in Chronic Renal Failure

Puberty is a period of transition characterized by a sequence of profound physical and psychological changes leading to full sexual maturity. This process is driven and orchestrated by the awakening of the gonadotropic hormone axis. Chronic renal failure and its treatment may interfere with the onset and progress of puberty by numerous mechanisms including endocrine, metabolic and neuropsychological abnormalities, and drug effects. On average, the onset of puberty is delayed by 2 years in children with chronic renal failure, even after successful transplantation. Moreover, pubertal height gain is only 50% of that observed in healthy children. In this report, we discuss the endocrine mechanisms underlying these alterations and highlight new therapeutical options for pubertal growth failure.
Bringing the Library to the Students: Using Technology to Deliver Instruction and Resources for Research

Summary To provide equitable services and access to off-campus students, librarians must meet the challenges of the digital divide and the geographic divide. Instruction and document delivery are key services that can determine how successful a library is in meeting its responsibility to distance learning. This session will focus on technological solutions to instruction, access, and document delivery in technology-challenged and remote environments.
The “Join the Club” Interpretation of Some Graph Algorithms

(1996). The “Join the Club” Interpretation of Some Graph Algorithms. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 54-58.
A Meta Method for Image Matching

This paper presents a novel system for image matching in optical endoscopy. The proposed metamatching system approaches the challenge of matching images in a complex scene by incorporating multiple matchers and a decision function. Experiments are presented for Crohn's disease lesion matching in capsule endoscopy with a metamatcher consisting of five independent matchers. We compare the performance of six different types of decision functions. Results show that the F-measure of the metamatching system containing all five matchers is 4%-7% greater than the performance of using the best matcher only, with a maximum F-measure of 0.811. The robustness of the method is validated using simulated data generated by controlled deformations of the image. We also demonstrate how the addition of simulated data to the training set can be used to augment the performance of the metamatcher by up to 10%.
Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels used to deliver endothelial progenitor cells, enhance cell engraftment, and improve ischemic myocardium.

Abstract Objectives The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease has been limited because of low cell retention ( Methods Endothelial progenitor cells (DiLDL + VEGFR2 + CD34 + ) were harvested from adult male rats, cultured, and suspended in the STG. In vitro viability was quantified using a live-dead stain of EPCs. The STG-EPC constructs were injected at the border zone of ischemic rat myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). The migration of the enhanced green fluorescent proteins from the construct to ischemic myocardium was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Vasculogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and hemodynamic function were analyzed in 4 groups: control (phosphate buffered saline injection); intramyocardial injection of EPCs alone; injection of the STG alone; and treatment with the STG-EPC construct. Hemodynamics and ventricular geometry were quantified using echocardiography and Doppler flow analysis. Results Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated viability within the STG. A marked increase in EPC engraftment was observed 1-week postinjection within the treated myocardium with gel delivery, compared with EPC injection alone (17.2 ± 0.8 cells per high power field (HPF) vs 3.5 cells ± 1.3 cells per HPF, P = .0002). A statistically significant increase in vasculogenesis was noted with the STG-EPC construct (15.3 ± 5.8 vessels per HPF), compared with the control ( P P P Conclusions A novel injectable shear-thinning HA hydrogel seeded with EPCs enhanced cell retention and vasculogenesis after delivery to ischemic myocardium. This therapy limited adverse myocardial remodeling while preserving contractility.
An asymmetric lossless image compression technique

While there exist many asymmetric techniques for the lossy compression of image data, most techniques reported for lossless compression of image data have been symmetric. In this paper we present a new lossless compression technique that is well suited for asymmetric applications. It gives superior performance compared to other lossless compression techniques reported in the literature. Hence, it can also potentially be adapted for use in symmetric applications that require high compression ratios.
Analysis of clocked timing elements for dynamic voltage scaling effects over process parameter variation

In power-constrained systems, the power efficiency of latches and flip-flops is pivotal. Characteristics of three selected latches and FFs were analyzed for their behavior under voltage scaling and different process corners in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The relative performance amongst the latches/FFs was consistent across the different supply voltages. At low-voltage power-delay product was degraded by about 25%. Energy-delay-product was approximately doubled at low-voltage, for all latches/FFs over all process corners. This result was smaller in comparison to the ideal voltage scaling characteristics mainly because the effects of velocity saturation were less severe at low voltage. All three designs suffered more due to process variation under low-voltage conditions.
All-optical packet-drop demonstration using 100-Gb/s words by integrating fiber-based components

Packet-drop function for a time-division multiplexing network using 100-Gb/s, 8-b words is experimentally demonstrated by integrating all-optical header processing and payload demultiplexing with electrooptic packet routing. The header processor consists of two levels of all-optical logic gates based on low birefringent nonlinear optical loop mirrors (NOLMs), and the payload demultiplexer is a two-wavelength NOLM. Both devices are driven by synchronized lasers with timing jitter under 1 ps. The contrast ratios for both header processor and demultiplexer are 10:1 and that of the packet router is 17 dB. The switching energies for header processing and payload reading are 10 and 1 pJ/pulse, respectively.
Out of Africa: Tocqueville’s Imperial Voyages

As Tocqueville’s writings on empire have become more available in translation, and as both Anglophone and Francophone political theorists have begun to grapple with the transnational aspects of democratic theory, scholars have increasingly puzzled over the apparent dissonance between Tocqueville’s liberal and imperial voices. How can his dedication to human freedom co-exist with his embrace of permanent colonial domination in Algeria? This essay attempts to contextualize this paradox in Tocqueville’s thought without turning historical context into an apologia.
Floorplan management: incremental placement for gate sizing and buffer insertion

Incremental physical design is an important methodology towards achieving design closure for high-performance large-scale circuits. Placement tools must accommodate incremental changes to the layout and netlist due to physical synthesis techniques without perturbing the original metrics. We present an incremental placement approach using floorplan sizing to manage the resources and demands of the whole chip region in order to accommodate the changes due to gate sizing and buffer insertion. The experimental results show that this approach can accommodate a wide range of incremental changes without a loss in wirelength and routability. Most important, it also maintains the stability of a placement such that the convergence of physical synthesis iterations can be greatly enhanced.
Mills in the Medieval Economy: England 1300–1540 – By John Langdon

Although there is no shortage of studies on mills during the Middle Ages, this volume should be required reading for advanced students in medieval history, economic history, the history of technolo...
Maximizing Joint Gains: Transaction Utility Within and Between Groups

In a choice between equal payoffs (e.g., self gets $500/other person gets $500) and more lucrative but disadvantageously unequal payoffs (e.g., self gets $600/other person gets $800), individuals willingly trade disadvantageous inequality for extra profit (e.g., Blount and Bazerman, 1996), choosing the more lucrative but disadvantageously unequal payoff. The present analysis, however, explores how the transaction utility (Thaler, 1985; 1999), the perceived value of such "deals," depends on whether allocation recipients come from the same social category (e.g., same gender) or different ones (e.g., females versus males). Studies 1-3 test the prediction that individuals tend to trade disadvantageous inequality for greater profit when allocations recipients share the same social category (e.g., within groups), but do not when recipients belong to different social categories (e.g., between groups). Study 4 shows that the transaction utility of disadvantageous inequality requires a greater premium between groups than it does within them. Implications for maximizing joint gains are discussed.
Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipid A Reduces Autophagy Flux in Macrophages.

Autophagy, an ancient homeostasis mechanism for macromolecule degradation, performs an important role in host defense by facilitating pathogen elimination. To counteract this host defense strategy, bacterial pathogens have evolved a variety of mechanisms to avoid or otherwise dysregulate autophagy by phagocytic cells so as to enhance their survival during infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a strictly human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea. Phosphoethanolamine (PEA) addition to the 4' position of the lipid A (PEA-lipid A) moiety of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) produced by gonococci performs a critical role in this pathogen’s ability to evade innate defenses by conferring decreased susceptibility to cationic antimicrobial (or host-defense) peptides, complement-mediated killing by human serum and intraleukocytic killing by human neutrophils compared to strains lacking this PEA decoration. Heretofore, however, it was not known if gonococci can evade autophagy and if so, whether PEA-lipid A contributes to this ability. Accordingly, by using murine macrophages and human macrophage-like phagocytic cell lines we investigated if PEA decoration of gonococcal lipid A modulates autophagy formation. We report that infection with PEA-lipid A-producing gonococci significantly reduced autophagy flux in murine and human macrophages and enhanced gonococcal survival during their association with macrophages compared to a PEA-deficient lipid A mutant. Our results provide further evidence that PEA-lipid A produced by gonococci is a critical component in the ability of this human pathogen to evade host defenses.
Abstract 434: A novel extracellular chaperokine function of Hsp90 is essential for EphA2-driven cell migration in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most common and aggressive brain tumors with a strong propensity to invade and migrate into surrounding normal brain tissue. It is precisely this infiltrative and aggressive nature of GBM tumor cells that renders the disease largely incurable. The lethality of GBM is in large part due in part to the diffuse tumor boundary characterized by these infiltrating cells, which precludes effective cancer removal. Therefore, strategies designed to circumvent the infiltrative nature of these tumors is urgently needed. Heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone for numerous intracellular proteins that support cancer growth. Interestingly, this protein has recently been shown to function extracellularly, as a chaperokine via transduction of autocrine signaling mediated by the multi-functional LRP1 (LDL receptor-related protein 1) receptor. This extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) LRP1 signaling pathway possesses pro-motility function within the context of a wound healing model. We therefore asked whether this signaling nodule might also contribute to the highly invasive properties associated with GBM tumor cells. We find that pharmacologic inhibition of eHsp90 potently inhibits GBM cell motility and suppresses the activation of several effector molecules known to mediate this process. In our search for upstream signaling partners, we turned our attention to EphA2, a known pro-motility receptor tyrosine kinase whose overexpression in GBM is prognostic for this disease. Surprisingly, we report that eHsp90 is necessary to sustain EphA2-dependent pro-motility function. EphA2 is a unique RTK in that it exhibits pro-motility functions in the absence of ligand due to its association with AKT, an event that induces subsequent AKT-dependent phosphorylation of EphA2. Inhibition of eHsp90 potently decreased AKT phosphorylation and inhibited the association between EphA2 and AKT. Pharmacologic targeting of eHsp90 also diminished src phosphorylation, a molecular event that is a prerequisite for AKT phosphorylation. Genetic suppression of eHsp90 signaling via downregulation its receptor LRP1 elicited similar inhibitory effects upon src and AKT, and abrogated association between EphA2 and LRP1. Taken together, our results support the notion that an eHsp90-LRP1 signaling axis sustains src activation, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and maintenance of the EphA2-AKT protein complex, the latter of which is essential for driving GBM motility and aggressiveness. Clinically, constitutive activation of both src and AKT are commonly observed in GBM tumor specimens. We now demonstrate that eHsp90 may be a critical upstream mediator essential to the activation of these signaling proteins, thereby providing the rationale for targeting eHsp90 in GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 434.
Progress toward long-distance, high-fidelity quantum communication

A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Northwestern University is developing a system for achieving long-distance, high-fidelity teleportation and long-duration quantum storage. This paper will report recent progress that has been made in architectural studies, entanglement sources, and quantum memory.
Survival of anaerobes in original specimens transported by overnight mail services

Overnight mail delivery was evaluated for its effect on the recovery of facultative and anaerobic microbes in cultures of clinical specimens from patients. Ten clinical specimens, which were collected at different geographic locations and during different weather conditions, were cultured at the site and after overnight delivery to a distant laboratory. Forty-five facultative anaerobic isolates and 48 anaerobes were recovered. There was no significant difference in numbers of strains or relative quantities recovered in cultures of transported and nontransported specimens. With proper collection, transport, and inoculation of specimens, overnight delivery did not compromise recovery of clinically relevant microbes.
Selective Epitaxy of AlxGa1−x as and AlxGal−x as Based Structures

Selective epitaxy of AlxGa1−x As by MOVPE was accomplished using diethyl gallium chloride and diethyl aluminum chloride as the metalorganic precursors. Selective epitaxy was achieved for Al containing compounds under certain growth conditions, but AlAs growth was not selective. Quantum wells were selectively grown on masked substrates and unpatterned GaAs wafers; QW luminescence was observed from all samples. Additionally, near gap luminescence was observed from AlxGa1−x, As heterostructures over the entire 550 °C - 850 °C growth temperature range. The ternary alloy composition was found to be a strong function of the gas phase composition and growth temperature. A simple thermodynamic model explained the dependence of growth rate and composition on these parameters.
Automated Cell-Free Protein Production Methods for Structural Studies

In contrast to cell-based protein expression, cell-free production is highly consistent, scalable, and amenable to automation. Robots can handle many samples and perform repetitive procedures that are otherwise prone to human error. Here is described commercially available robotics for a wheat germ cell-free system with emphasis on practical applications for structural and functional studies. In addition, described is a cell-free method for preparing protein complexes.
Germline genetic variation in JAK2 as a prognostic marker in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Objectives To evaluate the prognostic significance of germline variation in candidate genes in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CRPC enrolled in a clinically annotated registry. Fourteen candidate genes implicated in either initiation or progression of prostate cancer were tagged using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from HapMap with a minor allele frequency of >5%. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), defined as time from development of CRPC to death. Principal component analysis was used for gene levels tests of significance. For SNP-level results the per allele hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under the additive allele model were estimated using Cox regression, adjusted for age at CRPC and Gleason score (GS). Results A total of 240 patients with CRPC were genotyped (14 genes; 84 SNPs). The median (range) age of the cohort was 69 (43–93) years. The GS distribution was 55% with GS ≥8, 32% with GS = 7 and 13% with GS <7 or unknown. The median (interquartile range) time from castration resistance to death for the cohort was 2.67 (1.6–4.07) years (144 deaths). At the gene level, a single gene, JAK2 was associated with OS (P < 0.01), and 11 of 18 JAK2 SNPs were individually associated with OS after adjustment for age and GS. A multivariate model consisting of age, GS, rs2149556 (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.38–1.18) and rs4372063 (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.25–3.76) was constructed to predict survival in patients with CRPC (concordance of 0.69, P < 3.2 × 10−9). Conclusions Germline variation in the JAK2 gene was associated with survival in patients with CRPC and warrants further validation as a potential prognostic biomarker.
Effects of pulmonary blood flow on the fractal nature of flow heterogeneity in sheep lungs

The spatial heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow can be described by the relative dispersion (RD) of weight-flow histograms (RD = SD/mean). Glenny and Robertson (J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 532–545, 1990) showed that RD of flow in the lung is fractal in nature, characterized by the fractal dimension (D) and RD for the smallest realizable volume element (RDref). We studied the effects of increasing total pulmonary blood flow on D and RDref. In eight in situ perfused sheep lung preparations, 15-microns radio-labeled microspheres were injected into the pulmonary artery at five different blood flows ranging, in random order, from 1.5 to 5.0 l/m. The lungs were in zone 2 at the lower flows and in zone 3 at the higher flows. The lungs were removed, dried, cut into 2 x 2 x 2-cm3 pieces, weighed, and then counted for microsphere radioactivity. Fractal plots of log(weight) vs. log(RD) were constructed by iteratively combining neighboring pieces and then calculating RD with the increasingly larger portion size. D, which is one minus the slope of the fit through this plot, was 1.14 +/- 0.09 and did not change as blood flow increased. However, RDref decreased significantly (P
Long Term, True Single Transverse Mode, High Peak Power Operation of Large Mode 3C® Optical Fiber

Large mode 3C® optical fiber operating at 300kW of peak power and 25W of average power is shown to maintain truly single transverse mode functionality even after more than 1.5 years of continuous operation.
Galileo spacecraft autonomous attitude determination using a V-slit star scanner

Absolute attitude determination and the rotor spin rate of the Galileo spacecraft are derived solely from a two-axis star scanner, (SS) that is sensitive (outside the Jovian magnetosphere) to at least 200 brightest stars. With the 200-star sensitivity, the SS always provides at least three stars for attitude determination anywhere in the spacecraft orbit. Because the SS must function in the intense Jupiter radiation environment, which consists primarily of high-energy electrons and photons, the Galileo SS is designed with radiation hardness as a prime objective. The Galileo SS is described together with an entirely autonomous attitude determination algorithm. The SS analytical model is also presented. The selection process for the model's critical parameters which are used by the attitude determination algorithm is explained. Post launch operation of the attitude determination algorithm is discussed and actual flight data are presented. >
‘This Is Great, We’re Like Slave Buddies!’: Cross-Racial Appropriation in ‘Post-Racial’ TV Comedies

This chapter analyzes single-camera comedies depicting acts of cross-racial appropriation by white male characters who consider themselves post-racial, yet who strongly align themselves with imagined non-white ethnicities. Shows like Arrested Development, Trailer Park Boys and Party Down expose their white protagonists’ hypocrisy in imagining themselves to be post-racial, playing their assumed post-racialness for dark-comic, squirmy laughs. While these shows deconstruct the act of white cross-racial appropriation and sporadically offer a multi-ethnic point of view, they nevertheless deploy narrow, stereotypical depictions of non-white characters, failing to shake loose the limited perception of people of colour in the white cultural imaginary. Seemingly intelligent and progressive, these shows critique but do not refute the notion that our society is post-racial.
Big data application in job trend analysis

Big data technologies are now being largely applied to several industries including the recruiting industry. In this research, big data techniques such as Hadoop and Tableau are applied to identify job trend analysis in New York. Results indicate time-analysis and patterns in specific locations of job vacancies in New York.
Knowledge of Elderly Sexuality

One of the best predictors of an older adult’s current level of sexual functioning is his or her past level of sexual functioning.