cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on the Relationship Between Investors ' Sentiment and Stock Returns

By constructing the investors' sentiment index and applying the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests, the relationships betw een investors ' sentiment and stock returns at different market states w ere studied. The empirical results show ed that there is a one-w ay linear causality relationship and a significant tw o-w ay nonlinear causality relationship in the w hole sample period; therefore,the relationship betw een investors' sentiment and stock returns can be understood more comprehensively by using the nonlinear causality test. The nonlinear causality relationships betw een them at the bull and bear market states are different,w hich is consistent w ith the reality of China's stock market,the one filled w ith irrational sentiments.
Adult nesidioblastosis : a case report and review of the literature

George F. Laidlaw first described a pancreatic abnormality now known to be the most common cause of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infants in 1938 (1, 2). The term he coined, nesidioblastosis, is derived from the Greek words for “islets” (nesidia) and “germ” (blastos) (3). It accurately describes the characteristic feature of nesidioblastosis, islet cells differentiating and budding from ductal epithelium. In adults, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is rarely caused by nesidioblastosis and is usually caused by insulinoma or exogenous insulin treatment (4, 5). The first case series of adult nesidioblastosis was reported by Harness et al in 1981 (6). Since this case series of six patients, there have been only sporadic literature reports of adult nesidioblastosis, documenting fewer than 20 cases of adult nesidioblastosis over the past 15 years (3, 7-10). This paper presents an adult patient with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to nesidioblastosis and provides a guide to the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disorder in the adult population.
Animal Magnetism: Metaphoric Cues Alter Perceptions of Romantic Partners and Relationships.

The psychological state of love is difficult to define, and we often rely on metaphors to communicate about this state and its constituent experiences. Commonly, these metaphors liken love to a physical force—it sweeps us off our feet, causes sparks to fly, and ignites flames of passion. Even the use of “attraction” to refer to romantic interest, commonplace in both popular and scholarly discourse, implies a force propelling two objects together. The present research examined the effects of exposing participants to a physical force (magnetism) on subsequent judgments of romantic outcomes. Across two studies, participants exposed to magnets reported greater levels of satisfaction, attraction, intimacy, and commitment.
Examining the Average and Local Effects of a Standardized Treatment for Fourth Graders With Reading Difficulties

ABSTRACTThe present study used a randomized control trial to examine the effects of a widely used multicomponent Tier 2-type intervention, Passport to Literacy, on the reading ability of 221 fourth graders who initially scored at or below the 30th percentile in reading comprehension. Intervention was provided by research staff to groups of 4–7 students for 30 min, 4 days a week throughout the school year (M = 90.45 lessons). Tier 1 instruction was observed to be of generally high quality and intervention fidelity was strong. Findings revealed small, average effects (ES = .14–.28) in favor of intervention students on standardized measures of comprehension, but no effects on word reading or fluency measures. Exploratory analyses indicated that intervention effects may differ by students’ comprehension abilities. Implications for intervention implementation and directions for future research are discussed.
Dissection of Melanoma Drug Resistance and Heterogeneity using Live Cell Interferometry

Cell-cycle dysregulation and increased proliferation are common in cancer. Accordingly, many cancer treatments target mitosis using small molecule mitotic inhibitors. In vivo, mitotic inhibitor levels show great temporal and spatial variability due to many factors, including varied intratumoral vasculature and diffusion rates. Exposure to mitotic inhibitors at sub-optimal concentrations can drive cancer cell fates other than the desired apoptosis, senescence, or terminal differentiation, including multi-polar mitoses and cell endocycling. These unwanted fates may pair with chromosomal instability to promote cancer cell drug resistance. We therefore developed a high throughput, quantitative approach based on live cell interferometry (LCI) to dissect dose-dependent cell fate responses to mitotic inhibitors. LCI provides precise quantification of cell biophysical properties, such as cell dry mass, by measuring the phase shift of light as it passes through and interacts with cell matter. As proof-of-principle, we tracked thousands of cell-cycle synchronized HeLa cervical carcinoma and M202 patient-derived melanoma cells during 24 hour treatments with escalating doses of taxol, colchicine and VX680, an aurora-kinase B inhibitor. Cell fate, mitotic entry time and duration of mitotic arrest were examined for each cell by quantifying cell biomass and average mass per projected area, a sensitive measure of mitosis-associated morphology changes. The data reveal features missed by standard multi-day viability assays, including the percentage of cells exhibiting each identified cell fate. Our results show that LCI can be used to identify optimal drug combinations and concentrations that most efficiently drive cancer cells to death and, more generally, perturbations that drive desired cell fate outcomes. When combined with cell isolation, LCI shows promise to identify and molecularly dissect cells with different fate outcomes, which could provide key information on mechanisms of therapeutic success or resistance.
Modeling the mechanical and aging properties of silicone rubber and foam - stockpile-historical & additively manufactured materials

M97* and M9763 belong to the M97xx series of cellular silicone materials that have been deployed as stress cushions in some of the LLNL systems. Their purpose of these support foams is to distribute the stress between adjacent components, maintain relative positioning of various components, and mitigate the effects of component size variation due to manufacturing and temperature changes. In service these materials are subjected to a continuous compressive strain over long periods of time. In order to ensure their effectiveness, it is important to understand how their mechanical properties change over time. The properties we are primarily concerned about are: compression set, load retention, and stress-strain response (modulus).
Understanding mechanisms of GLI-mediated transcription during craniofacial development and disease using the ciliopathic mutant, talpid2

The primary cilium is a ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelle that cells utilize to transduce molecular signals. Ciliopathies are a group of diseases that are caused by a disruption in the structure or function of the primary cilium. Over 30% of all ciliopathies are primarily defined by their craniofacial phenotypes, which typically include midfacial defects, cleft lip/palate, micrognathia, aglossia and craniosynostosis. The frequency and severity of craniofacial phenotypes in ciliopathies emphasizes the importance of the cilium during development of the craniofacial complex. Molecularly, many ciliopathic mutants, including the avian talpid2 (ta2), report pathologically high levels of full-length GLI3 (GLI3FL), which can go on to function as an activator (GLIA), and reduced production of truncated GLI3 (GLI3T), which can go on to function as a repressor (GLIR). These observations suggest that the craniofacial phenotypes of ciliary mutants like ta2 are caused either by excessive activity of the GLIA or reduced activity of GLIR. To decipher between these two scenarios, we examined GLI3 occupation at the regulatory regions of target genes and subsequent target gene expression. Using in silico strategies we identified consensus GLI binding regions (GBRs) in the avian genome and confirmed GLI3 binding to the regulatory regions of its targets by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). In ta2 mutants, there was a strikingly low number of GLI3 target genes that had significantly increased expression in facial prominences compared to the control embryo and GLI3 occupancy at GBRs associated with target genes was largely reduced. In vitro DNA binding assays, further supported ChIP results, indicated that the excessive GLI3FL generated in ta2 mutants did not bind to GBRs. In light of these results, we explored the possibility of GLI co-regulator proteins playing a role in regulatory mechanism of GLI-mediated transcription. Taken together our studies suggest that craniofacial ciliopathic phenotypes are produced via reduced GLIT production, allowing for target gene transcription to be mediated by the combinatorial code of GLI co-regulators.
De Novo Synthesis from Tryptophan in the Absence of a QPRTase Homolog Contributes to NAD+ Biosynthesis in C. elegans

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis has proven to be an attractive and promising therapeutic target for influencing health-span and obesity-related phenotypes as well as tumor gro...
Regeneration of pilot-scale ion exchange columns for hexavalent chromium removal.

Abstract Due to stricter regulations, some drinking water utilities must implement additional treatment processes to meet potable water standards for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), such as the California limit of 10 μg/L. Strong base anion exchange is effective for Cr(VI) removal, but efficient resin regeneration and waste minimization are important for operational, economic and environmental considerations. This study compared multiple regeneration methods on pilot-scale columns on the basis of regeneration efficiency, waste production and salt usage. A conventional 1-Stage regeneration using 2 N sodium chloride (NaCl) was compared to 1) a 2-Stage process with 0.2 N NaCl followed by 2 N NaCl and 2) a mixed regenerant solution with 2 N NaCl and 0.2 N sodium bicarbonate. All methods eluted similar cumulative amounts of chromium with 2 N NaCl. The 2-Stage process eluted an additional 20–30% of chromium in the 0.2 N fraction, but total resin capacity is unaffected if this fraction is recycled to the ion exchange headworks. The 2-Stage approach selectively eluted bicarbonate and sulfate with 0.2 N NaCl before regeneration using 2 N NaCl. Regeneration approach impacted the elution efficiency of both uranium and vanadium. Regeneration without co-eluting sulfate and bicarbonate led to incomplete uranium elution and potential formation of insoluble uranium hydroxides that could lead to long-term resin fouling, decreased capacity and render the resin a low-level radioactive solid waste. Partial vanadium elution occurred during regeneration due to co-eluting sulfate suppressing vanadium release. Waste production and salt usage were comparable for the 1- and 2-Stage regeneration processes with similar operational setpoints with respect to chromium or nitrate elution.
LASSO order selection for sparse autoregression: a bootstrap approach

ABSTRACTAutoregressive models are widely employed for predictions and other inferences in many scientific fields. While the determination of their order is in general a difficult and critical step, this task becomes more complicated and crucial when the time series under investigation is realization of a stochastic process characterized by sparsity. In this paper we present a method for order determination of a stationary AR model with a sparse structure, given a set of observations, based upon a bootstrapped version of MAICE procedure [Akaike H. Prediction and entropy. Springer; 1998], in conjunction with a LASSO-type constraining procedure for lag suppression of insignificant lags. Empirical results will be obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. The quality of our method is assessed by comparison with the commonly adopted cross-validation approach and the non bootstrap counterpart of the presented procedure.
Bob Baker's Self-Assessment Paper

This case contains the complete text of the self-assessment paper of a second-year MBA-JD degree student. Instructors of Career Management courses can use it as an example of a well-written, rigorous paper and/or to provide a grading exercise in which students read the paper and grade it. Excerpt UVA-PACS-0091 Rev. Apr. 12, 2013 BOB BAKER'S SELF-ASSESSMENT PAPER My Dream To be happy most every day of my life To love and be loved . . .
Application of the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale by Lay Raters

One concern that has been expressed with the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) presented in DSM-5 is that the description of characteristic impairments in personality function uses concepts requiring considerable experience and clinical inference to apply. To examine this question, the individual indicators included in the AMPD's Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) that describes these core impairments were abstracted as individual items, and then rated on a target acquaintance by 194 undergraduate college students with minimal training in personality disorder and no training in the AMPD. Results indicated that the LPFS indicators were highly internally consistent as rated in this sample, and that the degree of discrimination between groups corresponded very well with the putative level of severity represented for each indicator in the LPFS. These findings support the contention that using the LPFS might not require any particular clinical experience or training.
Cellular ANTomata: A Tool for Early PDC Education

The thesis of this essay is that the Cellular ANTomaton (CAnt) computational model—obtained by deploying a team of mobile finite-state machines (the model’s “Ants”) upon a cellular automaton (CA)—can be a highly effective platform for introducing early undergraduate students to a broad range of concepts relating to parallel and distributed computing (PDC). CAnts permit many sophisticated PDC concepts to be taught within a unified, perspicuous model and then experimented with using the many easily accessed systems for simulating CAs and CAnts. Space restrictions limit us to supporting the thesis via only three important PDC concepts: synchronization, (algorithmic) scalability, and leader election (symmetry breaking). Having a single versatile pedagogical platform facilitates the goal of endowing all undergraduate students with a level of computational literacy adequate for success in an era characterized increasingly by ubiquitous parallel and/or distributed computing devices.
Clinical Presentation of Congenital Fibrosis and Double Elevator Palsy

Congenital fibrosis syndrome and double elevator palsy are dissimilar disorders which fall under the same general diagnostic category. Congenital fibrosis is a bilateral condition which produces a ...
Police Interrogation and Suspect Confessions

A police interrogation that induces a false confession not only may result in a wrongful incarceration or conviction. It may allow the true perpetrator to go free and commit additional violent crimes. This chapter discusses empirical, legal, and policy questions regarding the process of modern police interrogation, and the confessions it produces. The chapter summarizes the most important findings from the extensive empirical social-science research literature, and then reviews existing law and policy regarding police interrogation and confessions. It then offers empirically based policy and legal recommendations covering both the investigative and adjudicative phases of the criminal process.
Administrative Data to Explore the Role of Family History as a Risk Factor for Herpes Zoster.

Abstract We used administrative data to study the impact of family history on the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Our HZ cases and our HZ family history were both ascertained on the basis of medically attended diagnoses, without reliance on self-report or recall bias. Family history was associated with HZ risk among both siblings and parents. The strength of the association differed when the index child was latently infected with vaccine-strain vs wild-type varicella zoster virus.
We are the “human family”: Multicultural experiences predict less prejudice and greater concern for human rights through identification with humanity.

Abstract. This research investigated whether multicultural experiences impact identification with humanity within a broader prejudice-reduction framework. Results suggest two components of multicul...
Slaframine and Swainsonine Production by Rhizoctonia Leguminicola Isolated from Six Outbreaks of Slobbers in Cattle and Horses

O’Dell et al. (1959) in Missouri reported their investigations into “slobbers,” a syndrome characterized by slobbering and other toxic symptoms in ruminants and horses consuming red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and, rarely, other legume forages, particularly alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Death of an animal was unusual, but was reported in a few cases. Slobbers (salivary syndrome) in cattle and horses was shown during the late 1960’s to be due to the consumption of legume forages infected with a non-spore producing fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola (Gough and Elliot, 1956). Smalley et al. (1962) first isolated the causative fungus and Gardiner et al. (1968) published the strcuture of an indolizidine alkaloid (1-acetoxy-6­aminooctahydro-indolizine) given the trivial name, slaframine, which reproduced the syndrome in livestock and laboratory animals (Aust et al., 1968) when administered in purified form. Hagler and Behlow (1981) were the first to directly identify the presence of slaframine in samples of red clover hay that caused salivation in horses. Broquist et al. (1985) identified swainsonine (1,2,8-trihydroxyoctahydroindolizine), a structurally related alkaloid, in the same hay sample.
The Role of Zinc in Prenatal and Postnatal Development

That a severe deficiency of Zn can be teratogenic for mammals was demonstrated twenty years ago by Hurley and Swenerton (1966). Rats fed diets severely deficient in Zn (< 1 ug/g) throughout pregnancy gained less weight than controls and had significantly fewer live fetuses at term than did controls. Surviving fetuses from the deficient dams were characterized by a variety of malformations including skeletal abnormalities, fused or missing digits, micrognathia, misshapen heads and numerous abnormalities of the heart, lung and urogenital system. The frequency of one or more of the above defects in litters obtained from dams fed diets severely deficient in Zn (< 6 ug/g) usually exceeds 75% (Rogers et al., 1985). In addition to the gross morphological abnormalities, biochemical and functional abnormalities can also occur as a result of maternal Zn deficiency. These include defects in pancreatic function, lung metabolism, and immune competence (Hurley, 1981; Beach et al., 1983).
Molecular Studies on the Cytomegaloviruses of Mice and Men

The cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are among the largest animal viruses, and on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, they have been classified in the herpesvirus group. The hallmark of this group of viruses is their ability to cause persistent and latent infections. In the last 20 years, human CMV (HCMV), in particular, has gained recognition as its association with a broad spectrum of diseases and potential oncogenic capacity has been appreciated (for review see 1–4). Congenital infection with HCMV represents the most frequent viral infection of newborns and involves approximately 1% of all live births. Although infection in immunocompetent children and adults is usually asymptomatic, it can result in pneumonia, hepatitis, heterophile-negative mononucleosis, chorioretinitis or encephalitis. HCMV is also a serious problem for individuals who have been immunocompromised either therapeutically or as the result of disease. In these individuals, primary infection with CMV or reactivation of latent virus often leads to interstitial pneumonia and death.
Benign, dysplastic, or malignant--making sense of endoscopic bile duct brush cytology: results in 149 consecutive patients.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic bile duct brush cytology for diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancies and to provide guidelines for interpretation of dysplastic cytology. Methods: Consecutive endoscopic bile duct brush cytology specimens were classified by an independent cytopathologist as benign, low- or high-grade dysplasia, or cancer. A final diagnosis was established in a blinded fashion by histopathology, radiographic evidence of metastatic disease, or independent clinical follow-up. Sensitivity and specificity were adjusted for dysplastic cytology, and likelihood ratios were determined for each diagnosis and used for calculation of posttest probability of malignancy. Results: Dysplasia was found in 23% of 168 consecutive bile duct brushings performed in 149 patients. Sensitivity of brush cytology was 37% and specificity 100%; its likelihood ratio for malignancy ranged from 3.4 for high-grade dysplasia, to 1.1 for low- grade dysplasia, to 0.6 for benign. For a patient with a 50% pretest probability of malignancy, finding of high-grade dysplasia changed the posttest probability to 77%, low-grade dysplasia to 52%, and benign to 38%. Conclusion: Cytological dysplasia occurs frequently, with high-grade dysplasia being strongly suggestive of malignancy. Presented likelihood ratios can be used to calculate the posttest probability of malignancy for any diagnosis
West Nile Encephalitis

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne illness found worldwide, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to neuroinvasive disease (WNND), characterized by encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. First isolated in Uganda, the virus has spread globally, and transmission has now been documented on all six inhabited continents. The public health impact of WNV is considerable, with greater than six million people estimated to have been infected in the United States alone. This vector-borne disease is propagated in nature between the mosquito vector and birds, while horses and humans act as incidental, dead-end hosts. Diagnostic tests are widely available, but detection of antibodies, antibody cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, and virus isolation in biological samples continue to pose challenges to clinical diagnosis. With limited treatment options and no FDA-approved vaccines, decreasing one’s personal vector exposure is the most effective way to prevent disease. This widespread disease continues to be an annual public health threat, resulting in high morbidity, prolonged sequelae, and excessive mortality, thus warranting further study to improve diagnostics, treatments, and prevention to increase patient quality of life.
How Do Gender Differences in Quality of Care Vary Across Medicare Advantage Plans

Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) quality measures have long been used to compare care across health plans and to study racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities among Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries. However, possible gender differences in seniors’ quality of care have received less attention. To test for the presence and nature of any gender differences in quality of care across MA Plans, overall and by domain; to identify those most at risk of poor care. Cross-sectional analysis of individual-level HEDIS measure scores from 23.8 million records using binomial mixed-effect models to estimate the effect of gender on performance. For each measure, we assess variation in gender gaps and their correlation with plan performance. Beneficiaries from 456 MA plans in 2011–2012 HEDIS data. Performance on 32 of 34 HEDIS measures which were available in both measurement years. The two excluded measures had mean performance scores below 10%. Women experienced better quality of care than men for 22/32 measures, with most pertaining to screening or treatment. Men experienced better quality on nine measures, including four related to cardiovascular disease and three to potentially harmful drug-disease interactions. Plans varied substantially in the magnitude of gender gaps for 21/32 measures; in general, the gender gap in quality of care was least favorable to men in low-performing plans. Women generally experienced better quality of care than men. However, women experienced poorer care for cardiovascular disease-related intermediate outcomes and potentially harmful drug-disease interactions. Quality improvement may be especially important for men in low-performing plans and for cardiovascular-related care and drug-disease interactions for women. Gender-stratified reporting could reveal gender gaps, identify plans for which care varies by gender, and motivate efforts to address faults and close the gaps in the delivery system.
Analysis of long-wave infrared hyperspectral classification performance across changing scene illumination

Hyperspectral sensors collect data across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, encoding information about the materials comprising each pixel in the scene as well as atmospheric effects and illumination conditions. Changes in scene illumination and atmospheric conditions can strongly affect the observed spectra. In the long- wave infrared, temperature variations resulting from illumination changes produce widely varying at-aperture signals and create a complex material identification problem. Machine learning techniques can use the high- dimensional spectral data to classify a diverse set of materials with high accuracy. In this study, classification techniques are investigated for a long-wave hyperspectral imager. A scene consisting of 9 different materials is imaged over an entire day providing diversity in scene illumination and surface temperatures. A Support Vector Machine classifier, feedforward neural network, and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) are compared to determine which method is most robust to changes in scene illumination. The 1D-CNN outperforms the other classification methods by a wide margin when presented hyperspectral data cubes significantly different from the training data distribution. This analysis simulates real-world classifier use and validates the robustness of the 1D-CNN to changing illumination and material temperatures.
Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma—is timing everything?

Timeliness of medical care for patients with newly diagnosed cancer has long been recognized as a cornerstone metric for healthcare quality. For patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), such considerations have largely focused on patients with localized disease awaiting curative surgery (1,2). Delays, though, often occur for patients with metastatic disease, particularly in those with symptomatic disease, and may also affect treatment outcomes.
A primarily serial, foveal accumulator underlies approximate numerical estimation.

The approximate number system (ANS) has attracted broad interest due to its potential importance in early mathematical development and the fact that it is conserved across species. Models of the ANS and behavioral measures of ANS acuity both assume that quantity estimation is computed rapidly and in parallel across an entire view of the visual scene. We present evidence instead that ANS estimates are largely the product of a serial accumulation mechanism operating across visual fixations. We used an eye-tracker to collect data on participants’ visual fixations while they performed quantity-estimation and -discrimination tasks. We were able to predict participants’ numerical estimates using their visual fixation data: As the number of dots fixated increased, mean estimates also increased, and estimation error decreased. A detailed model-based analysis shows that fixated dots contribute twice as much as peripheral dots to estimated quantities; people do not “double count” multiply fixated dots; and they do not adjust for the proportion of area in the scene that they have fixated. The accumulation mechanism we propose explains reported effects of display time on estimation and earlier findings of a bias to underestimate quantities.
A conservative femoral replacement for total hip arthroplasty: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Between 1985 and 1993, 146 patients (162 hips) had total hip replacement (THR) using a conservative uncemented femoral component. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years and the mean follow-up was 6.2 years (2 to 13). One patient was lost to follow-up, one died within two years of surgery and one had a revision procedure after a fracture sustained in a road-traffic accident. For the remaining 159, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was calculated for the incidence of revision because of mechanical loosening or osteolysis. Survival without mechanical loosening at both five and ten years was 98.2%. Survival without osteolysis was 99% at five and 91% at ten years. The Harris hip score improved from a mean of 66.3 before to 90.4 at follow-up. Of particular note is the lack of thigh pain in this group. Radiological analysis showed that 139 stems (88%) had no measurable subsidence, 8 (5%) had less than 2 mm and 12 (7%) had more than 2 mm. Two of the eight and one of the 12 were revised for mechanical loosening. Nine hips were revised for late loosening associated with osteolysis. No reaming of the femoral canal was associated with statistically significant less blood loss compared with a comparable control group of uncemented implants (p Our study suggests that using a conservative femoral implant does not protect against wear debris but the reliable mechanical stability (98.2%) makes this an attractive design of implant particularly for young patients.
Math Concepts in the Learner Centered Classroom.

Much of the emphasis in the teaching of elementary mathematics, however, does not follow this sequence. A concern with standardized techniques for evaluating mathematics ability has led to extensive use of paper-and-pencil tests. Although these tests are well designed for measuring the third stage of concept acquisition ability to use formal mathematics language they pay little attention to the first two stages of concept acquisition, concrete experience, and personal interpretation. This emphasis on tests, in itself, would be harmless, but the influence of achievement testing on curriculum has been greater than the influence of learning psychology on curriculum. As a result, the ability to use formal mathematics language has become the target of instruction and although concept acquisition is still stated as a goal, instructional procedures do not generally reinforce this intention. Ability to recall concept names and ability to match names with concept definitions have become the criteria of both achieve-
The Center for Trauma Survivorship: Addressing the great unmet need for posttrauma center care.

Background Returning patients to preinjury status is the goal of a trauma system. Trauma centers (TCs) provide inpatient care, but postdischarge treatment is fragmented with clinic follow-up rates of Methods Focus groups of trauma survivors were conducted to identify issues following TC discharge. Center for Trauma Survivorship eligible patients are aged 18 to 80 years and have intensive care unit stay of >2 days or have a New Injury Severity Score of ≥16. Center for Trauma Survivorship visits were scheduled by a dedicated navigator and included physical and behavioral health care. Patients were screened for PTSD and depression. Patients screening positive were referred for behavioral health services. Patients were provided 24/7 access to the CTS team. Outcomes include compliance with appointments, mental health visits, unplanned ED visits, and readmissions in the year following discharge from the TC. Results Patients universally felt abandoned by the TC after discharge. Over 1 year, 107 patients had 386 CTS visits. Average time for each appointment was >1 hour. Center for Trauma Survivorship "no show" rate was 17%. Eighty-six percent screening positive for PTSD/depression successfully received behavioral health services. Postdischarge ED and hospital admissions were most often for infections or unrelated conditions. Emergency department utilization was significantly lower than a similarly injured group of patients 1 year before the inception of the CTS. Conclusion A CTS fills the vast gaps in care following TC discharge leading to improved compliance with appointments and delivery of physical and behavioral health services. Center for Trauma Survivorship also appears to decrease ED visits in the year following discharge. To achieve optimal long-term recovery from injury, trauma care must continue long after patients leave the TC. Level of evidence Therapeutic, Level III.
18 – Electromagnetic Oscillations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses electromagnetic oscillations. Back-and-forth motions of electric charges, and sometimes even the back-and-forth motions of electric and magnetic fields, are referred to as electromagnetic oscillations. Electric charges may be driven by sources of energy to oscillate in circuits consisting of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Such alternating-current circuitry plays a prominent role in modern technology and, therefore, in daily life of man. The chapter explores some basic concepts associated with this circuitry. Circuits carrying currents that change periodically in magnitude and directional sense are called alternating-current circuits or ac circuits. The chapter focuses on alternating currents for which the current varies sinusoidally with time. The reactance of a component in an ac circuit plays a similar role to that of resistance in a dc circuit. Thus, the reactance of a component is a measure of how effectively that component impedes the flow of charge in an ac circuit.
Quantitative fractography as a novel approach to measure fracture toughness of direct resin composites.

Abstract Dental resin composites generally fail from small cracks. Large crack techniques are not representative of in vivo failures. Quantitative fractography relies on the observation of small “natural flaws”. This study investigates the effect of flaws that occur from fabrication and handling on the measurement of fracture toughness for four different direct resin composites. Microtensile dog-bone shaped specimens for each of four composites were fractured to measure the strength. In addition, we measured crack sizes of the fracture initiating cracks and determined the fracture toughness from these measurements using quantitative fractographic analysis on selected specimens. The characteristic strengths (28–51 MPa) and Weibull moduli (4.9–7.8) were also determined and related to the toughness values (0.5–0.9 MPa m1/2) obtained. The elastic moduli (5–10 GPa) were measured using an indentation technique that has not been used before for direct resin composites. The indentation technique offers an alternative method for small specimens. Quantitative fractographic analysis offers a useful technique to assess fracture toughness of resin composites from cracks of the same size as observed in practice. The toughness of the direct resin composites results from a balance between the size, number and shape of filler particles and the viscosity of the resin matrix.
Coke formation during high-temperature CO2 electrolysis over AFeO3 (A = La/Sr) cathode: Effect of A-site metal segregation

Abstract In this study, strontium-doped lanthanum ferrite perovskite oxides (LSF) with different A-site occupancies were used as cathode catalysts for CO2 electrolysis at 800 °C. XRD, EXAFS, XPS, FTIR, and temperature-programmed desorption were used to characterize the properties of the material. Fe K-edge EXAFS indicated that oxygen vacancy concentration and oxidation states of Fe atoms increased with concomitant improvement of electronic and ionic conductivities with a decrease in the A-site occupancy. XPS spectra revealed that Sr atoms segregated on the surface of A-site excess LSF92 to a greater degree than that on the A-site deficient LSF72. These segregated A-site metal oxides, especially SrO, are alkaline in nature and hence strongly bind to acidic CO2 forming stable SrCO3, which consequently facilitates carbon formation. This study highlights the effect of A-site stoichiometric modulation on carbon formation during electrolysis of CO2, which is crucial for improving the long- term performance of an SOEC.
Patient Sleep Quality in Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Introduction Sleep is an important component of neurorehabilitation. This study evaluates sleep quality in the acute inpatient rehabilitation setting and is the first to compare sleep quality in acute rehabilitation versus the acute care hospital and home settings. Objective To assess patient sleep quality in the acute inpatient rehabilitation setting. Design Cross-sectional survey study. Setting Acute inpatient rehabilitation unit. Patients Seventy-three patients admitted to the acute rehabilitation unit participated in the study. Interventions A validated sleep questionnaire was provided on admission regarding sleep at home and in the acute care hospital. The questionnaire was repeated on discharge from the acute rehabilitation unit regarding sleep during their rehabilitation admission. Main outcome measures Visual analog scale of sleep depth, falling asleep, number of awakenings, percent of time awake and quality of sleep were obtained through use of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. These values were averaged to obtain "overall sleep perception." An additional question on environmental noise was added. Scores ranged from 0 for "worst sleep possible" to 100 for "best sleep possible." Results Patients reported significantly better sleep in all domains and overall in the acute rehabilitation unit compared to the acute care hospital, with the exception of percent of time awake. Patients also reported significantly better sleep depth, but worse noise in the acute rehabilitation unit when compared to home. Similarly, patients reported significantly better sleep in all domains and overall at home in comparison to the acute care hospital with the exception of percent of time awake. Conclusions Patient in the acute rehabilitation unit experience sleep quality that matches their experience at home and exceeds that in the hospital. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Adversarial UFP/UFN Attack: A New Threat to ML-based Fake News Detection Systems?

In this paper, we propose two new attacks: the Adversarial Universal False Positive (UFP) Attack and the Adversarial Universal False Negative (UFN) Attack. The objective of this research is to introduce a new class of attack using only feature vector information. The results show the potential weaknesses of five machine learning (ML) classifiers. These classifiers include k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forrest (RF), a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel, and XGBoost (XGB).
The Exclusionary Rule Lottery

Perhaps no Supreme Court decisions about the criminal justice system have provoked more criticism than those involving the exclusionary rule. According to the Court’s most recent pronouncements, the Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule is a judicially-created mechanism whose sole purpose is to deter future police misconduct by excluding from trial evidence obtained through unconstitutional searches and seizures. Apart from jurisprudential concerns, the rule’s bare utilitarian premise and simplistic approach render it morally and prudentially objectionable, and, therefore, in need of radical reconsideration or abandonment. These deficiencies can be exposed, in part, by a hypothetical “suppression lottery,” which will be presented later in this article. Before considering the lottery and addressing the modern exclusionary rule’s impoverished normative basis, it is useful to sketch its history and describe its stunning conceptual transformation.
Supernova neutrino signals based on long-term axisymmetric simulations

We study theoretical neutrino signals from core-collapse supernova (CCSN) computed using axisymmetric CCSN simulations that cover the post-bounce phase up to $\sim 4$~s. We provide basic quantities of the neutrino signals such as event rates, energy spectra, and cumulative number of events at some terrestrial neutrino detectors, and then we discuss some new features in the late phase that emerge in our models. Contrary to popular beliefs, neutrino emissions in the late phase are not always quiet, but rather have temporal fluctuations, the vigor of which hinges on the CCSN model and neutrino flavor. We find that the temporal variations are not primarily driven by proto-neutron star (PNS) convection, but by fallback accretion flows in explosion models. We assess the detectability of these temporal variations, and conclude that IceCube is the most promising detector with which to resolve them. We also update fitting formulae first proposed in our previous paper for which total neutrino energy (TONE) emitted at the CCSN source is estimated from the cumulative number of events at each detector. This will be very powerful in the data analysis of real observations, in particular for low-statistics data. As an interesting demonstration, we apply our fitting formulae to a real observation, that of SN 1987A at Kamiokande-II. The TONE is estimated as $\sim 2 \times 10^{53}$~erg. By combining the recent constraints on the equation-of-state, we further estimate the gravitational mass of PNS in the remnant of SN 1987A, which is $\sim 1.2~M_{\sun}$.
Emulsion-free chitosan–genipin microgels for growth plate cartilage regeneration:

The growth plate is a cartilage tissue near the ends of children’s long bones and is responsible for bone growth. Injury to the growth plate can result in the formation of a ‘bony bar’ which can sp...
Exploring the mediating effect of academic engagement on math and reading achievement for students who have experienced maltreatment.

Abstract Background Students who experience maltreatment tend to underperform academically relative to their peers, requiring an understanding of academically-related mechanisms that are potential intervention targets. Academic engagement, a multidimensional construct that is influential in students’ investment in learning and the school context, is one such mechanism that has been associated with positive academic outcomes and develops through interactions between students and their environment. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine how maltreatment experiences and trauma symptoms were indirectly associated with academic achievement in adolescence through academic engagement. Participants and setting The study was conducting on a subsample of 583 youths from the National Study of Child and Adolescent Wellbeing II (NSCAW II) cohort. Methods Structural equation modeling was used to examine the indirect effect engagement on the relationship between maltreatment and trauma symptomology and academic achievement. Results Academic engagement significantly mediated trauma symptoms and later standardized reading ( β = −0.02; 95 % CI [−0.04, −0.0004]) and math ( β = −0.02; 95 % CI [−0.05, −0.0003]) achievement test scores. However, similar mediating effects were not found for engagement on maltreatment and later standardized reading ( β = −0.01; 95 % CI [−0.03, 0.01]) and math ( β = −0.01; 95 % CI [−0.03, 0.01]) achievement test scores. Conclusions These findings suggest that variability in academic outcomes was indirectly associated with engagement but only for students who exhibited trauma symptoms rather than experiencing maltreatment alone. The findings suggest future researchers should consider engagement should as an academically-related mechanism to help students who were maltreated succeed academically.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction

At this point in the text, we are headed toward producing our own gene sequences. However, a single copy of a DNA sequence is seldom (if ever) enough for the biotechnologist to work with. PCR is a means by which exponential numbers of a given DNA sequence are produced from minimal quantities of starting material. PCR is used to indicate the transcriptional activity of a specific gene (which can, for example, imply drug bioactivity), to help identify cell type or human identity, or to generate sufficient starting material for molecular cloning.
BECOMING ΚΛΕΙΝΟΣ IN CRETE AND MAGNA GRAECIA: DIONYSIAC MYSTERIES AND MATURATION RITUALS REVISITED

This article reconsiders the historical and typological relation between Greek maturation rituals and Greek mystery religion. Particular attention is given to the word κλeινός (‘illustrious’) and its ritual uses in two roughly contemporary Late Classical sources: an Orphic-Bacchic funerary gold leaf from Hipponion in Magna Graecia and Ephorus’ account of a Cretan pederastic age-transition rite. In both contexts, κλeινός marks an elevated status conferred by initiation. (This usage finds antecedents in Alcman's Partheneia.) Without positing direct development between puberty rites and mysteries, the article argues on the basis of shared vocabulary and other ritual elements that age-transitions influenced the ideology of mystery cults. It is further claimed that puberty rites and mysteries performed similar functions in their respective social contexts, despite obvious differences of prestige and visibility. Age-transition rites have been analysed in Bourdieu's terms as ‘rites of institution’, in which young elites were publicly affirmed in civic roles: private mysteries can be described in analogous but opposed terms as rites of ‘counter-institution’, in which familiar ritual language and symbols of elite status were used to construct an alternative ‘imagined community’ of mystery initiates.
What Does It Take to Build a Blended Teacher Education Program for Personalized and Blended Learning Schools

This paper is a report of a design-based research project undertaken to build a blended teacher education program that focuses on cultivating teachers’ competencies for personalized and blended learning in K-12 classrooms. Two iterations were designed and examined in total, with 10 teacher educators and two teacher candidate cohorts. Teacher educators collaborated with the project director to design and redesign online courses for two years, and each cohort took online teaching methods courses and trained at personalized learning schools in Texas over the course of a year. Using a mixed-methods design, teacher educators’ and teacher candidates’ perception data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the program’s effectiveness and identify design implications and elements that inform the design and implementation of the program. The reflections and insights gained through this project offer an understanding of how blended teacher preparation can be designed to directly address the needs of K-12 schools for teachers trained in personalized and blended learning.
Identity and Poetic Memory in Lina Meruane’s Volverse Palestina

Lina Meruane is one of Chile’s most critically acclaimed emerging fiction writers. She is also one of a handful of Chilean artists and intellectuals belonging to the Palestinian diaspora. Her recent book Volverse Palestina (2013) uses the non-fiction genre of cronica to trace her family history of emigration from Beit Jala to Santiago de Chile. She then travels to Tel Aviv and various cities in the West Bank as a form of poetic memory. Meruane witnesses what life is like in the Israeli occupied territories and empathizes with others caught in the middle of the geopolitical conflict. Meruane navigates a precarious intermediary position both politically and culturally to create a first-person account of diasporic identity. Using Edward Said’s, Stuart Hall’s, and Marianne Hirsch’s theories of identity and diaspora, this chapter analyzes how the author’s expression of interstitial identity is developed in this cronica.