cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Densities, Viscosities, and Conductivities of Mixtures of Benzene with the Lewis Acidic Aluminum Chloride + 1-Methyl-3-ethylimidazolium Chloride Molten Salt

The densities, kinematic viscosities, and specific conductances of mixtures of benzene with the Lewis acidic room-temperature chloroaluminate molten salt aluminum chloride + 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3 + MeEtimCl) were determined at 298.2 K. Benzene was added to melts containing 51.00, 60.00, and 66.67 mol % AlCl3. Simple polynomial equations were fitted to the experimental results as a function of the mass fraction of benzene. The addition of small amounts of benzene resulted in a decrease in the kinematic viscosity and an increase in the specific conductance of the mixture. However, the addition of benzene beyond 35 mass % caused the specific conductance to decrease due to a decrease in the concentration of charge-carrying ions.
Preparation of crystals of T7 RNA polymerase suitable for high-resolution X-ray structure analysis

Abstract The crystallization of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase is described. A number of features of the crystallization methodology are worthy of note: (1) Preparation of crystals suitable for X-ray analysis depended on removal of oligomeric forms of the enzyme which formed during purification and were not detectable by denaturing gel electrophoreris. (2) By increasing the protein supersaturation, changes in the relative interfacial growth rates were induced, resulting in increases in crystal thickness and diffraction to higher resolution. (3) The stability of the crystalline versus amorphous phase of the solid protein was shifted by the presence of glycerol in the mother liquor: crystallization was dependent on the presence of at least 15% glycerol. The high density and viscosity of glycerol mother liquors reduced convective and diffusive flow and eliminated crystal sedimentation. The implications and possible mechanisms of the glycerol effect on crystallization are discussed and the generality and extension of this effect is suggested.
A note on the theoretical basis for cast wedging

Cast wedgmg is the term commonly used for a technique m orthopaedics for further reducing malalignment of long-bone fractures after cast apphcatton. Typically. the procedure consists of cutting through the cast transversely and reorienting one cast segment with respect to the other by relative rotatton about a transverse axis. Assuming (or enforcing in some way) that the major bone fragments move in concert with their enclosing cast segments, a corresponding repositioning of bone fragments can be achieved to produce better fragment alignment. There is a considerable diversity of opinions in the literature concerning how best to go about cast wedging, particularly concerning where to locate the pivot about wzhich wedging is done. There are various recommendations for wedging the cast open about a pivot on one edge (Bohler, 1958: Leach. 1975). choosing a closing wedge hinged on the opposite side (Charnley. 1961: Lewis. 1977). or using an interior axis as a pivot or hinge (Brown and Urban, 1969; DePalma. 1970). Concerning longitudinal position of the wedge. the site of the fracture is most commonly recommended. but this is not a universal choice (Leach, 1975). W’ith one exception, there have been no efforts to put cast wedging on a rational theoretical basis and thereby deal with some ot these controversies. The exception is a recent paper (Schulak er al.. 1978) in which. unfortunately. the analysis is flawed. .\s a consequence. the confusion may have been Increased. The purpose of this note is to present a correct analysis which is based primarily on the assumptions which appear to be implicit in the use of cast wedging. The analysis utilizes elementary principles of mechanics to yield the simple rheoretical model for cast wedging which resolves the controversies cited above. The results are translated into graphreal procedures which could be used directly on X-rays and, rherefore. which might more readily be appropriated by a clinician The emphasis of the present note is on the theoretical model and its implications regarding choices of c‘dst wedging parameters. The practical application of the results in the clinical situatrcn will be the subject ofa separate communication.
Trauma Kits for the Dental Office

The old Boy Scout's motto, "Be Prepared," can be beneficially applied to the management of dental trauma. A large number of dental injuries occur every year, primarily in the 7- to 15-year age group. Preserving the natural dentition during that time period is critically important, because tooth loss at an early age presents significant lifelong dental problems. Being prepared to manage an emergency can make the difference between tooth loss and a successful outcome. Two factors contribute to achieving the better outcome: knowledge of the essentials of dental traumatology, and being prepared with the dental materials needed for appropriate treatment. It is the hope of the authors that these factors are clearly elucidated in this article.
Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness of the elderly and is a mounting public health problem. Pharmacoepidemiological data, analytical data from human tissue and body fluids, and mechanistic data mostly from murine models all have implicated oxidation products of two fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Here we review the biochemistry of AA and DHA oxidation, both enzyme-catalyzed and free radical mediated, and summarize those studies that have investigated these oxidation products as effectors of neurodegeneration and biomarkers of AD. Given the evolving appreciation for toxicity associated with current pharmaceuticals used to block AA and DHA oxidation, we close by speculating on likely areas of future research directed at suppressing this facet of neurodegeneration. If successful, these interventions are unlikely to cure AD, but may check its explosive growth and hopefully reduce its incidence and prevalence in the elderly.
Visualizing the dynamics of the Rayleigh quotient iteration

Abstract The chaotic behavior of the Rayleigh Quotient Iteration over the complex numbers is explored. The global behavior is seen to be related to the behavior at a point. The contrast between the behavior on non-Hermitian and Hermitian matrices is studied visually.
The effect of a short burst of exercise on activity values of enzymes in sera of healthy young men

Abstract We report the effect of exercise on the activity values of five enzymes in sera as studied in four healthy male volunteers. The underlying purpose of this present study was to produce an increase in the activity values in the sera of selected enzymes found in muscle. Then by observing the decay rate of these enzymes, we computed the inter-individual differences in clearance rates (serum half-life) of these enzymes. Blood specimens were collected just prior to exercise, 1 h after exercise, and on eight additional times up to 93 h after exercise. All specimens were assayed on one occasion for activity values of creatine kinase, asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. We found increases in the three muscle enzymes with average increases being: creatine kinase, +116%; aspartate aminotransferase, +41%; and lactate dehydrogenase, +32%; all of which remained above baseline values for 53 h or longer. In the case of creatine kinase, a monoexponential decay curve depicted the data (from the 19-h specimen to the 67-h specimen). The calculated “apparent serum half-life” for creatine kinase varied from 38 h to 118 h in the subjects tested.
Hadamard invertibility of linearly recursive sequences in several variables

Abstract A linearly recursive sequence in n variables is a tableau of scalars (ƒ i 1… i n ) for i1,i2,…, in ⩾ 0, such that for each 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n, all rows parallel to the ith axis satisfy a fixed linearly recursive relation hi(x) with constant coefficients. We show that such a tableau is Hadamard invertible (i.e., the tableau (1/ ƒ i 1 … i n ) is linearly recursive) if and only if all ƒ i 1 … i n ≠ 0 , and each row is eventually an interlacing of geometric sequences. The procedure is effective, i.e., given a linearly recursive sequence ƒ = (ƒ i 1 … i n ) , it can be tested for Hadamard invertibility by a finite algorithm. These results extend the case n = 1 of Larson and Taft.
TU-G-BRCD-02: Do Uncertainties in Proton Therapy Limit Its Clinical Potential?

Purpose: To discuss uncertainties in proton therapy and to outline how these might impact the widespread use of proton therapy. Method and Materials: This presentation will outline some of the differences in treatment planning for proton therapy as compared to photon therapy, in particularly related to the finite range of proton beams. The source of range uncertainties (e.g. dose calculation and treatmentdelivery) and some methods to address them will be presented. As examples we will discuss uncertainties in dose calculation in highly heterogeneous media (head and neck). Examples for in‐vivo dose verification using dosimetric and imaging techniques in proton therapy will be outlined. Planning strategies to address uncertainties will be presented. Uncertainties due to the difference in biological effectiveness between proton and photon therapy will be addressed briefly. Results: The difference in physics between photon and proton interactions causes proton therapy to be associated with different type of uncertainties than photon therapy. These affect treatment planning decisions and can influence whether proton therapy does show a significant clinical advantage. Theoretical advantages in protondose distributions as compared to photon therapy do not necessarily translate in clinical gains. Exceptions are, for example, pediatric patients where the reduction in integral dose causes significant improvements in treatment outcome as compared to conventional radiationConclusions:Proton therapy is being used increasingly in radiation therapy. Due to inherent uncertainties in proton therapydelivery, its full potential advantage cannot yet be reached for all sites. Proton therapy personnel needs to be aware of the subtleties of proton therapy. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand how treatment planning decisions in proton therapy differs from photon therapy 2. To understand the source and the magnitude of proton range uncertainties 3. To understand how uncertainties in proton therapy affect the acceptance and spread of this modality
IT and Environment General Education Course Design and Teaching - Lessons Learned

We, human beings, depend on other species on earth for our survival. Maintaining a sustainable and safe environment for all species including human beings is essential. Information Technologies and Systems (ITSs) provide help as well as harm in this effort. Current and future generations of people must have knowledge about green environment and practice to achieve and maintain it. With this in mind the author has designed the course, "IT and Environment" as a general education course for IT, IS, CS as well as for all other students at Framingham State University during 2011. He has offered it during the summer of 2012 as an online course for the first time. This paper describes the course as it was designed and offered and the lessons learned from it.
Constant rate population harvesting: Equilibrium and stability

Abstract The paper studies the effect of constant rate harvesting on population models described by ordinary differential equations. The dependence of limits of populations on the harvest rate, the possibility of extinction in finite time, and the effect of the introduction of a time-lag delay on stability are studied. Various models for one population are analysed, and a geometric technique for the study of two-population models is discussed.
Connecting extracellular metabolomic measurements to intracellular flux states in yeast.

Background Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in the quantitative identification of physiological and disease-induced biological states. Extracellular metabolome or metabolic profiling data, in particular, can provide an insightful view of intracellular physiological states in a noninvasive manner.
Rat intestinal crypt-cell replication factor with homology to early S-phase proteins required for cell division

Cell proliferation requires inhibitory and permissive factors to monitor cell-cycle progression and control DNA replication. The small intestine has a high rate of proliferation and a very low incidence of cancer, suggestive of efficient mechanisms for control of the cell cycle and assuring fidelity of DNA replication. We have isolated a cDNA from a rat crypt-cell library which hybridized to a 3.0-kb mRNA specific for crypt cells, the proliferative cell compartment of the intestine. Its amino-acid sequence indicates that it is a new member of a family of replication proteins found in yeast, Cenorhabditis elegans, mouse and humans. Its transcripts were markedly increased in fetal rat intestine and liver, decreased in long-term confluent and serum-starved tissue culture cells (IEC cells, a cell line derived from rat crypt cells), increased with serum repletion as cells resumed proliferation, and appeared to be species specific. Isolation and functional characterization of small intestinal crypt-cell replication factors should help explain this organ's low incidence of cancer.
Another niche for Notch

The Notch signaling pathway patterns the developing nephron along the proximal–distal axis during renal development. In an adult acute tubular necrosis model, Kobayashi et al. now show expression of many Notch components and the activation of Notch target genes, suggesting a critical function for Notch in regenerating proximal tubules.
Speckle Imaging of Titan at 2 microns: Surface Albedo,Haze Optical Depth, and Tropospheric Clouds 1996-1998

We present results from 14 nights of observations of Titan in 1996-1998 using near-infrared (centered at 2.1 microns) speckle imaging at the 10-meter W.M. Keck Telescope. The observations have a spatial resolution of 0.06 arcseconds. We detect bright clouds on three days in October 1998, with a brightness about 0.5% of the brightness of Titan. Using a 16-stream radiative transfer model (DISORT) to model the central equatorial longitude of each image, we construct a suite of surface albedo models parameterized by the optical depth of Titan's hydrocarbon haze layer. From this we conclude that Titan's equatorial surface albedo has plausible values in the range of 0-0.20. Titan's minimum haze optical depth cannot be constrained from this modeling, but an upper limit of 0.3 at this wavelength range is found. More accurate determination of Titan's surface albedo and haze optical depth, especially at higher latitudes, will require a model that fully considers the 3-dimensional nature of Titan's atmosphere.
Electrochemistry of Copper in Aqueous Ethylenediamine Solutions

Potential-pH equilibria and potentiodynamic polarization studies were used to examine the electrochemical behavior of copper in aqueous ethylenediamine solutions. Potential-pH diagrams for the copper-water-ethylenediamine system were derived at different total copper {Cu T } and ethylenediamine {En T } activities. The diagrams show that the solubility range of copper is significantly extended in the presence of ethylenediamine. Polarization experiments were conducted in deaerated and aerated aqueous solutions of 10 -2 M ethylenediamine with 10 -3 M cupric sulfate, and 10 -4 M ethylenediamine with 10 -5 M cupric sulfate over a wide pH range. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of relevant potential-pH diagrams. Good correlations were observed.
Notes on Quasiminimality and Excellence

This paper ties together much of the model theory of the last 50 years. Shelah's attempts to generalize the Morley theorem beyond first order logic led to the notion of excellence, which is a key to the structure theory of uncountable models. The notion of Abstract Elementary Class arose naturally in attempting to prove the categoricity theorem for L ω 1 ,ω(Q). More recently, Zilber has attempted to identify canonical mathematical structures as those whose theory (in an appropriate logic) is categorical in all powers. Zilber's trichotomy conjecture for first order categorical structures was refuted by Hrushovski, by the introducion of a special kind of Abstract Elementary Class. Zilber uses a powerful and essentailly infinitary variant on these techniques to investigate complex exponentiation. This not only demonstrates the relevance of Shelah's model theoretic investigations to mainstream mathematics but produces new results and conjectures in algebraic geometry.
Relationships between scores on Stanford-Binet IV and scores on McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities

A kindergarten class of 10 boys and 11 girls took the 1986 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (4th ed.) and the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. The correlation of total scores was statistically significant (p<001).
Inheriting tradition : interpretations of the classical philosophers in Communist China, 1949-1966

Kam Louie, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 1986, 0195840461, 9780195840469, 272 pages. One of the most intriguing tasks facing thinkers in Communist China has been to determine the place of tradition in a changing world. While officials and intellectuals have upheld the principle that "the past should serve the present," the varied interpretations of how this should be done have given rise to bitter conflicts. Examining the many arguments surrounding this debate that have been drawn from Daoism, Confucianism, Maoism, and Legalism, this work sheds light on the philosophical foundations of the Cultural Revolution and touches on what it means to be Chinese in a Communist state..
Auditory Sense in Certain Sphingid Moths

Moths of the genus Celerio, hovering and feeding from blossoms, have been observed to react vigorously to high-pitched sounds. The acoustic receptor appears to involve the labial palps. Its characteristics have been determined from responses made, when the moth is exposed to artificial sound pulses, by an interneuron originating in its head. These responses have been found only in 4 out of 19 sphingid species tested.
The effects of various mounting systems of near magnification on reading performance and preference in school-age students with low vision

This single-subject study explored the effects of different mounting systems of prescribed near magnification (handheld, stand-mounted, spectacle-mounted, and electronic) on reading performance and...
Innate and adaptive interleukin-22 protects mice from inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease thought to be mediated by dysfunctional innate and/or adaptive immunity. This aberrant immune response leads to the secretion of harmful cytokines that destroy the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and thus cause further inflammation. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a T helper 17 (Th17) T cell-associated cytokine that is bifunctional in that it has both proinflammatory and protective effects on tissues depending on the inflammatory context. We show herein that IL-22 protected mice from IBD. Interestingly, not only was this protection mediated by CD4+ T cells, but IL-22-expressing natural killer (NK) cells also conferred protection. In addition, IL-22 expression was differentially regulated between NK cell subsets. Thus, both the innate and adaptive immune responses have developed protective mechanisms to counteract the damaging effects of inflammation on tissues.
Bidirectional Relations between Parenting Practices and Child Externalizing Behavior: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis in the Context of a Psychosocial Treatment and 3-Year Follow-up

In the current study, we examined longitudinal changes in, and bidirectional effects between, parenting practices and child behavior problems in the context of a psychosocial treatment and 3-year follow-up period. The sample comprised 139 parent–child dyads (child ages 6–11) who participated in a modular treatment protocol for early-onset ODD or CD. Parenting practices and child behavior problems were assessed at six time-points using multiple measures and multiple reporters. The data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel analyses. Results indicated robust temporal stabilities of parenting practices and child behavior problems, in the context of treatment-related improvements, but bidirectional effects between parenting practices and child behavior were less frequently detected. Our findings suggest that bidirectional effects are relatively smaller than the temporal stability of each construct for school-age children with ODD/CD and their parents, following a multi-modal clinical intervention that is directed at both parents and children. Implications for treatment and intervention are discussed.
Finite element approximation of an evolution problem modeling shear band formation

Abstract An error analysis is provided for the spatial approximation by the finite element method of a nonlinear time-dependent problem which models the antiplane shear deformations of a thermoplastic material. This problem consists of a system of two coupled partial differential equations with velocity and temperature unknowns. Optimal order error estimates in the L 2 norm are given for each of these.
Inside the Church of Scientology An Ethnographic Performance Script

Members of religious organizations find answers in rituals and social practices that may be overseen by new members and outsiders. This ethnographic performance explores the ideologies and traditions used in the Church of Scientology “re-enacting” the different stages that an observer experiences when entering this field. I present the common themes using a story in which the protagonist finds herself in a chaotic world saturated with information. Through her interactions with different characters, she learns that people do not share “universal truths” regarding the functions of religion and acknowledges the importance of Scientology as a social group that fulfills the need of felling integrated.
Directional Plasticity Rapidly Improves 3D Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Alignment in Monkeys Using a Multichannel Vestibular Prosthesis

Bilateral loss of vestibular sensation can be disabling. We have shown that a multichannel vestibular prosthesis (MVP) can partly restore vestibular sensation as evidenced by improvements in the 3-dimensional angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (3D VOR). However, a key challenge is to minimize misalignment between the axes of eye and head rotation, which is apparently caused by current spread beyond each electrode’s targeted nerve branch. We recently reported that rodents wearing a MVP markedly improve 3D VOR alignment during the first week after MVP activation, probably through the same central nervous system adaptive mechanisms that mediate cross-axis adaptation over time in normal individuals wearing prisms that cause visual scene movement about an axis different than the axis of head rotation. We hypothesized that rhesus monkeys would exhibit similar improvements with continuous prosthetic stimulation over time. We created bilateral vestibular deficiency in four rhesus monkeys via intratympanic injection of gentamicin. A MVP was mounted to the cranium, and eye movements in response to whole-body passive rotation in darkness were measured repeatedly over 1 week of continuous head motion-modulated prosthetic electrical stimulation. 3D VOR responses to whole-body rotations about each semicircular canal axis were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 of chronic stimulation. Horizontal VOR gain during 1 Hz, 50 °/s peak whole-body rotations before the prosthesis was turned on was <0.1, which is profoundly below normal (0.94 ± 0.12). On stimulation day 1, VOR gain was 0.4–0.8, but the axis of observed eye movements aligned poorly with head rotation (misalignment range ∼30–40 °). Substantial improvement of axis misalignment was observed after 7 days of continuous motion-modulated prosthetic stimulation under normal diurnal lighting. Similar improvements were noted for all animals, all three axes of rotation tested, for all sinusoidal frequencies tested (0.05–5 Hz), and for high-acceleration transient rotations. VOR asymmetry changes did not reach statistical significance, although they did trend toward slight improvement over time. Prior studies had already shown that directional plasticity reduces misalignment when a subject with normal labyrinths views abnormal visual scene movement. Our results show that the converse is also true: individuals receiving misoriented vestibular sensation under normal viewing conditions rapidly adapt to restore a well-aligned 3D VOR. Considering the similarity of VOR physiology across primate species, similar effects are likely to occur in humans using a MVP to treat bilateral vestibular deficiency.
Estimation of toroidal field coil stresses from magnetic loads in FER and NET by analytic methods

A comparison of structural efficiency of the toroidal field (TF) coils between the Next European Torus (NET) and the Fusion Experimental Reactor (FER) machines was made. The effectiveness of their ...
Barriers to patient-physician communication about out-of-pocket costs.

BACKGROUND: Though many patients and physicians believe that they should discuss out-of-pocket costs, research suggests that they infrequently do.
Dichloro(tetrahydrofuran‐O)[(trimethylsilyl)amido‐N]gallium(III)

The title compound, [GaCl2(C3H10NSi)(C4H8O)], is the tetra­hydro­furan-coordinated monomer of the previously structurally characterized dimer [GaN(H)SiMe3Cl2]2. The title compound consists of discrete monomeric mol­ecules with two crystallographically independent mol­ecules within the unit cell. The crystal structure is composed of a Ga atom in a four-coordinate tetrahedral arrangement, with Ga—N distances of 2.025 (3) and 2.026 (3) A in the two independent mol­ecules.
Effect of nosocomial vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia on mortality, length of stay, and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of vancomycinresistant enterococcal bacteremia on patient outcomes and costs by assessing mortality, excess length of stay, and charges attributable to it. DESIGN: A population-based, matched, historical cohort study. SETTING: A 1,025-bed, university-based teaching facility and referral hospital. PATIENTS: Two hundred seventy-seven vancomycinresistant enterococcal bacteremia case-patients and 277 matched control-patients identified between 1993 and 2000. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate was 50.2% and 19.9% for case-patients and control-patients, respectively, yielding a mortality rate of 30.3% attributable to vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia. The excess length of hospital stay attributable to vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia was 17 days, of which 12 days were spent in intensive care units. On average, $77,558 in extra charges was attributable to each vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia. To adjust for severity of illness, 159 pairs of case-patients and control-patients, who had the same severity of illness (All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group complexity level), were further analyzed. When patients were stratified by severity of illness, the crude mortality rate was 50.3% among case-patients compared with 27.7% among control-patients, accounting for an attributable mortality rate of 22.6%. Attributable excess length of stay and charges were 17 days and $81,208, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia contributes significantly to excess mortality and economic loss, once severity of illness is considered. Efforts to prevent these infections will likely be cost-effective (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:251-256).
Business ethics teaching: Using conversational learning to build an effective classroom learning environment

Building an effective classroom learningenvironment requires that business ethicsteachers pay particular attention to creating aclassroom environment that values the ideasothers have to offer. This article discussesthe importance of conversational learning tobusiness ethics teaching for effectivelearning. The paper also considers thebusiness ethics teacher's role in using aconversational learning approach to teachingbusiness ethics and some learning processesused to create a classroom climate conducive tothis approach for those interested in creatingnew kinds of conversation in their businessethics teaching efforts.
In situ studies of oxidative energy metabolism during transient cortical ischemia in cats.

Changes in oxidative energy metabolism were monitored noninvasively during periods of transient cortical ischemia in cats by means of fluorometric observation of the redox level of intramitochondrial NADH and by dual wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry of cytochrome a. The latter technique also allowed measurements of the oxygenation state of hemoglobin and of blood volume in the optical field. We report here that incomplete ischemia is accompanied by increased levels of NADH and reduced cytochrome a, an increase in the unloading of O2 from hemoglobin and a decrease in the blood volume, but these all turn back toward baseline with the establishment of “collateral” circulation. Complete ischemia is accompanied by sustained increased levels of reduced NAD and cytochrome a, the extent of which equaled the reduction levels produced by terminal anoxia. When short ischemic episodes were repeated, the rates of return of NAD and cytochrome a to baseline redox levels were faster after each successive ischemia, while blood volume returned at the same rate and hemoglobin saturation returned more slowly to its original state of oxygenation. We interpret that the primary lesion of short ischemic episodes is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
Time changes of symmetric Markov processes and a Feynman-Kac formula

We prove a Feynman-Kac formula in the context of symmetric Markov processes and Dirichlet spaces. This result is used to characterize the Dirichlet space of the time change of an arbitrary symmetric Markov process, completing work of Silverstein and Fukushima.
Adaptive Power Allocation in a Nonlinear Satellite Repeater

Adaptive power allocation in a frequency multiplexed satellite transponder is designed to utilize satellite-transmitted power more effectively. When a large number of communication links share a satellite transponder, adaptive power control can significantly improve the communication capacity which is a function of the specified network availability. This paper analyzes a general mathematical model of power control in a nonlinear transponder. It is shown that a single inequality is a necessary and sufficient condition for being able to simultaneously satisfy all of the communication link requirements. If link assignments do not exceed the adaptive capacity represented by this inequality, then adaptive satellite power control can maintain the specified network availability while increasing communication capacity.
Modified carbon surfaces as "organic electrodes" that exhibit conductance switching.

Glassy carbon (GC) surfaces modified with monolayers of biphenyl and nitrobiphenyl molecules were examined as voltammetric electrodes for ferrocene, benzoquinone, and tetracyanoquinodimethane electrochemistry in acetonitrile. The modified electrodes exhibited slower electron transfer than unmodified GC, by factors that varied with the monolayer and redox system. However, after a negative potential excursion to ∼−2.0 V versus Ag+/Ag, the modified electrodes exhibited much faster electron-transfer kinetics, approaching those observed on unmodified GC. The effect is attributed to an apparently irreversible structural change in the biphenyl or nitrobiphenyl monolayer, which increases the rate of electron tunneling. The transition to the “ON” state is associated with electron injection into the monolayer similar to that observed in previous spectroscopic investigations and causes a significant decrease in the calculated HOMO−LUMO gap for the monolayer molecule. Once the monolayer is switched ON, it supports ra...
Between Occupier and Occupied: UNRWA in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

For thirty-eight years the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has worked quietly to provide assistance to the people dispossessed by the 1948 War. During the current intifadah in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, news reports have frequently featured statements by UNRWA officials describing the situation and, by implication, criticizing the occupation authorities. This unusual public visibility reflects changes in the agency's self-conception and operational emphasis in the occupied territories. Set up in 1949, UNRWA's mandate calls upon it to provide humanitarian and economic assistance for refugees, not protection or political advocacy. Since 1967 UNRWA has been caught between the occupiers and the occupied: to carry out its mandate, it must cooperate with a government perceived by the refugees as directly hostile to their interests but capable of curtailing operations or expelling the agency from the territories; at the same time it must carry out its mandate from the General Assembly to assist the refugees. As a consequence, the agency treads a thin line between collaboration with the occupiers and advocacy for the occupied.
Rewetting Theory and the Dryout Heat Flux of Smooth and Grooved Plates With a Uniform Heating

The evaporation and condensation of thin liquid films are of significant importance in a wide variety of problems ranging from specific applications in the heat pipe field to more general ones in the chemical, nuclear, and petrochemical industries. Although several investigations have been conducted to determine the rewetting characteristics of liquid films on heated rods, tubes, and flat plates, no solutions are yet available to describe the rewetting process of a hot plate subjected to a uniform heating. A model is presented to analyze the rewetting process of such plates with and without grooves. Approximate analytical solutions are presented for the prediction of the rewetting velocity and the transient temperature profiles of the plates. It is shown that the present rewetting velocity solution reduces correctly to the existing solution for the rewetting of an initially hot isothermal plate without heating from beneath the plate. Numerical solutions have also been obtained to validate the analytical solutions. Finally, a simple method is presented to predict the dryout heat flux of a liquid film flowing over a heated smooth or grooved plate. The results of the prediction are found to be in reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data.
Warfarin‐induced allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis

Warfarin sodium has been associated with leucocytoclastic vasculitis and has once been associated with allergic interstitial nephritis. Hypersensitivity to warfarin sodium simultaneously resulting in allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis has not yet been previously reported. We present a 48-year-old man who was on warfarin sodium for 2 months and presented with acute renal failure and reddish purplish macules on his hypogastric regions and lower extremities bilaterally. Kidney biopsy showed allergic interstitial nephritis and punch skin biopsy showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Both biopsies also showed high eosinophil count, highly suggestive of a drug-induced reaction. After a negative comprehensive work-up and the absence of other recent medication changes, our patient was determined to have allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to warfarin sodium.
Disability Management Services in Unionised Environments: A Delphi Study

A common suggestion in the disability management research literature is that consultative relationships between disability manager specialists and key union personnel can significantly enhance disability management services provided in unionised workplaces. However, the findings of previous knowledge validation studies have indicated that a sizeable proportion of disability managers believe they are under-prepared to provide services in unionised environments. Plausibly, these findings could reflect the dearth of existing outcome studies that expressly describe characteristics associated with the successful provision of disability management services in unionised workplaces. As a first step towards addressing the aforementioned gap in the disability management research literature, the current study reports the results of a Delphi procedure designed to provide information regarding possible factors that impact disability management services provided in unionised workplaces. The goal of the study was to develop a preliminary survey that could be used in subsequent research studies that address disability management best practises. Four thematically classified domains were identified that included: (a) disability managers' and disability management client characteristics, (b) rate of union representatives' participation in disability management services, (c) disability management service characteristics in unionised environments, and (d) disability managers' attitudes regarding working with labour union representatives. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of rehabilitation counsellor education and development of empirically based disability management practice strategies.
Towards Green Routers: Depth-Bounded Multi-Pipeline Architecture for Power-Efficient IP Lookup

Power consumption has become a major concern in designing IP lookup engines for next generation routers. Although TCAMs dominate today's high-end routers, they are not scalable in terms of clock rate and power consumption. SRAM-based pipeline solutions are considered promising alternatives for high-speed IP lookup engines. However, existing SRAM-based pipeline architectures suffer from high power consumption in the worst cases, due to the large memory size and the long pipeline depth. This paper proposes a power-efficient SRAM-based pipelined IP lookup engine for future "green" routers. Both chip-level parallelism and clock gating techniques are employed to reduce the power consumption. With the aid of small TCAMs, a two-phase scheme is proposed to partition a routing trie into a number of height-bounded subtries, which are then mapped onto multiple pipelines. Each IP lookup is completed through a bounded number of accesses on small size memories. Simulation experiments using real-life traces show that our solution can store a backbone routing table with over 200 K prefixes in 4.25 MB memory, sustains a throughput of 400 Gbps, and achieves up to 7-fold and 3-fold reductions in power consumption over the state-of-the-art TCAM-based and SRAM-based solutions, respectively.
Genomic Analysis of the Unfolded Protein Response in Arabidopsis Shows Its Connection to Important Cellular Processes

We analyzed the breadth of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in Arabidopsis using gene expression analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. With tunicamycin and DTT as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents, we identified sets of UPR genes that were induced or repressed by both stresses. The proteins encoded by most of the upregulated genes function as part of the secretory system and comprise chaperones, vesicle transport proteins, and ER-associated degradation proteins. Most of the downregulated genes encode extracellular proteins. Therefore, the UPR may constitute a triple effort by the cell: to improve protein folding and transport, to degrade unwanted proteins, and to allow fewer secretory proteins to enter the ER. No single consensus response element was found in the promoters of the 53 UPR upregulated genes, but half of the genes contained response elements also found in mammalian UPR regulated genes. These elements are enriched from 4.5- to 15-fold in this upregulated gene set.
Heterogeneous human prolactin from a giant pituitary tumor in a patient with panhypopituitarism.

A patient with hypopituitarism and an unusually large chromophobe adenoma which secreted an enormous amount of human PRL (hPRL) provided us with a unique opportunity to study the heterogeneity of hPRL. Serum samples obtained before and after surgery as well as pituitary extract were studied. Each sample contained three distinct hPRL peaks on gel filtration designated as big, medium, and small. The hPRL moiety of each peak fraction was stable in size, immunoreactivity, and bioreactivity, indicating that the polymorphic hPRL components, once formed, were not interconvertible. As the relative proportion of medium and small hPRL components in all blood samples obtained before surgery and in the pituitary tumor extract were similar, it seems that these two forms of hPRL originate from the tumor. However, there was a lack of correlation between big, medium, and small hPRL in samples obtained before and 1 yr after surgery. Also, increasing amounts of radioactive substance similar to big PRL were formed by exposu...
Cabazitaxel for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer

Treatment with docetaxel-based chemotherapy results in improved survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, all patients eventually develop progressive disease associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we discuss the available second-line therapeutic options following docetaxel, with a special focus on cabazitaxel, which is the first agent to yield extended survival as second-line therapy following docetaxel. Cabazitaxel, a novel semi-synthetic taxane, is effective even in docetaxel-resistant model systems. Recently, results of the Phase III TROPIC trial demonstrated improved survival with cabazitaxel plus prednisone compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone in patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, following prior docetaxel, which led to approval by the US FDA.
Prenatal allergen and diesel exhaust exposure and their effects on allergy in adult offspring mice

Multiple studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to either allergens or air pollution may increase the risk for the development of allergic immune responses in young offspring. However, the effects of prenatal environmental exposures on adult offspring have not been well-studied. We hypothesized that combined prenatal exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) allergen and diesel exhaust particles will be associated with altered IgE production, airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), and airway remodeling of adult offspring. Following sensitization via the airway route to A. fumigatus and mating, pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to additional A. fumigatus and/or diesel exhaust particles. At age 9-10 weeks, their offspring were sensitized and challenged with A. fumigatus. We found that adult offspring from mice that were exposed to A. fumigatus or diesel exhaust particles during pregnancy experienced decreases in IgE production. Adult offspring of mice that were exposed to both A. fumigatus and diesel exhaust particles during pregnancy experienced decreases in airway eosinophilia. These results suggest that, in this model, allergen and/or diesel administration during pregnancy may be associated with protection from developing systemic and airway allergic immune responses in the adult offspring.
Policy Interaction: The Mixing of Fatherhood, Crime and Urban Policies

In an attempt to counter changes in family structures, a number of nation states are designing policies to make men fit into families. In the case of the USA, decision makers view fatherhood and marriage as the cure for poverty among African Americans. To assert that training these men to be better fathers and husbands will help them improve other dimensions of their lives (particularly poverty) is a good idea, but it is also simplistic. Decision makers rely on an intra-group, which privileges an individualistic and cultural approach, in their development of policies. This approach tends to ignore that other subsystems, such as previously existing policies, can have an impact on the effectiveness of marriage and fatherhood promotion. Using the USA as a case study, I hypothesise that the effectiveness of fatherhood and marriage promotion is limited because of their interaction with other policies. Fatherhood and marriage promotion initiatives will be negatively affected by the absence of a progressive national urban policy, particularly in the area of economic development and in the context of current crime policies. The socio-economic and cultural reality faced by African American men must be incorporated into the decision-making processes in order to identify the most effective policies.
A Mix of Cultures, Values, and People: An Organizational Case Study

The key premise of this article is that normative and prescriptive value orientation collisions are underlying causes of organizational culture conflict. This article explores the premise by examining the American University in Bulgaria (AUBG); an organization rife with internal conflicts between its major internal constituencies of American faculty, Bulgarian administrators, and Bulgarian students. Arguably, the conflict reduced the effectiveness of the school's educational mission. For better understanding of the causes of conflict at AUBG, I examine the normative and prescriptive values of each constituency within the internal cross-cultural context of the institution.
Secondary Arc Formation Within a Distributed Energy Railgun

Experimental results comparing a breech-fed scheme and two distributed energy schemes for a free-running arc are presented. Analysis and observations of the issues associated with distributed energy switching of a plasma arc in the railgun are explored. The use of a free-running arc allows experiments to emulate the ablation and restrike phenomenon of a plasma armature railgun at high speeds (> 5 km/s) without the requirement of a large amount of stored energy. Numerous experimental tests were conducted to investigate the dynamics of plasma arcs within a distributed energy source railgun. Variations of switch timing, bore pressure, bore material, current amplitude, and current pulse length within each stage have been tested. These data reveal important design parameters for distributed energy railguns. The arc length, stage length, and stage trigger timing play a crucial role in distributed energy railgun performance. Failure to take these parameters into consideration will result in velocity reduction through plasma arc restrike and/or splitting.