cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lucky-electron model of channel hot electron emission

The lucky electron model proposes that an electron is emitted into SiO 2 by first gaining enough energy without suffering an energy stripping collision in the channel and then being redirected toward the Si/SiO 2 interfact. A closed-form expression for the gate current has successfully reproduced the dependence on V g ,V d and L. This model also suggests a straightforward correlation with the substrate current. By measuring the substrate current one may be able to replace or supplement long-term stress test for studying a component of channel hot electron emission that causes instability but does not show up in the gate current. The lucky electron model suggests that the channel hot electron effect would be negligible if V d -V s is less than 2.5 volt no matter how small the channel length or junction depth.
Model predictive control for bilateral teleoperation systems with time delays

In a bilateral teleoperation system, the controller design aims at providing a faithful transmission of signals (velocities, forces) between the master and the slave manipulators to couple the operator as closely as possible to the remote task. However, when teleoperation is performed over a great distance, a transmission time delay is incurred, and it destabilizes the bilaterally controlled teleoperators. This paper considers the application of model predictive control (MPC) techniques to bilateral teleoperation systems with time delays and proposes a modified MPC scheme, which uses both the current measurement information and a correction signal reflecting the difference between the measured information and its prediction. An example is used to show that the proposed MPC method can achieve better robust properties for bilateral teleoperation systems in the presence of uncertain transmission time delays.
Speech disorders in systemic amyloidosis.

The purpose of this study was to define more completely the speech disorders that can occur in systemic amyloidosis. Fifty-nine patients with histologically established primary systemic amyloidosis were studied. Of this group, 81 % had abnormal voice quality, 43% had abnormal pitch, 7% had abnormal resonation and 15% had abnormal articulation. Twenty-two patients also had abnormal findings at laryngeal examination, consisting of bowing, oedema, thickening, dry irritation and polypoid changes of the vocal folds. Macroglossia was found in 17% of the patients and submandibular swelling in 10%. These results support previous studies which showed that abnormal phonation is a sign of systemic amyloidosis and that abnormal voice is by far the most common abnormal speech sign. The relationship between amyloid deposit and dysphonia was not clear. In 23 patients who had laryngeal examinations, no evidence of actual amyloid deposits was documented.Le but de cette etude etait de definir plus completement les troubles...
Effects of Pounding and Skewness on Seismic Responses of Typical Multispan Highway Bridges Using the Fragility Function Method

This paper uses the fragility function method to study the effects of pounding and skewness on the seismic behaviors of typical multispan RC highway bridges. Three-dimensional numerical models are built for typical three-span bridges in California that include nonlinear pier columns, distributed gap elements simulating pounding at both expansion joints and end abutments, and soil-structure interaction effects. The spatial differences of seismic excitations at various supports caused by varied soil profile properties and wave propagation effects, etc., are also included. As indicated by the nonlinear time history analyses using a large set of three-component earthquake ground motion records, fragility functions are derived and compared for bridges with various structural details, including the location of gaps, deck skew angle, and gap size. Although pounding causes significant local damage, the fragility functions show relatively moderate change in damage probability of the entire bridge. When pounding does not happen, skewed bridges outperform straight ones because of their coupled responses. For straight bridges, the pounding has a limited effect on bridge level damage and can be negligible. However, pounding results in increased damages of skewed bridges which aggravate with large skew angles. Using fragility functions, this paper clarifies the interactive roles of skewness and pounding for seismic damage probability of multispan highway bridges. These findings can provide valuable guidance for future bridge design.
Downhill running: a model of exercise hyperemia in the rat spinotrapezius muscle

To utilize the rat spinotrapezius muscle as a model to investigate the microcirculatory consequences of exercise training, it is necessary to design an exercise protocol that recruits this muscle. ...
Claudin-4 Levels Are Associated with Intact Alveolar Fluid Clearance in Human Lungs

The removal of edema from the air spaces is a critical function of the alveolar barrier requiring intact tight junctions. Alveolar fluid clearance contributes to graft function after transplantation and is associated with survival in patients with acute lung injury. Claudin-4 concentrations are known to increase during lung injury and the loss of claudin-4 decreases alveolar fluid clearance in mice. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate whether differences in lung expression of the tight junction protein claudin-4 are associated with alveolar fluid clearance or clinical measures of lung function. Alveolar fluid clearance rates were measured in ex vivo perfused human lungs not used for transplantation and were compared with histological lung injury and clinical measures of lung injury in the donors. Claudin-4 staining demonstrated a positive correlation with alveolar fluid clearance (Spearman rank correlation [rs] = 0.71; P < 0.003); however, claudin-4 staining was not strongly associated with histological measures of lung injury. The expression of other tight junction proteins (including ZO-1) was not associated with alveolar fluid clearance or claudin-4 levels. Claudin-4 staining was lower in lungs from donors with greater impairment in respiratory physiology. These data suggest that claudin-4 may promote alveolar fluid clearance and demonstrate that the amount of claudin-4 expressed may provide specific information regarding alveolar epithelial barrier function that strengthens the link between histological changes and physiological impairment.
Metabolism of Glyphosate in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Tissue Distribution, Identification, and Quantitation of Glyphosate-Derived Materials following a Single Oral Dose

Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered a mixture of [14C]- and [12C]-glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) at a dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight. The majority of radioactivity 2 hr after administration was associated with the gastrointestinal contents and small intestinal tissue. Approximately 35-40% of the administered dose was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and urine and feces were equally important routes of elimination. The total body burden 7 days after administration was approximately 1% of the administered dose and was primarily associated with the bone. Total recovery for this study ranged from 95 to 102% of the administered dose. Metabolic profiles of tissues containing greater than 1% of the administered dose at various times after administration indicated that nearly 100% of the body burden of radioactivity was present as unmetabolized parent glyphosate. A minor component constituting less than 0.1% of the administered dose (less than 0.4 ppm) was observed in colon tissue from animals 2 hr after the administration of glyphosate and was also present in the GI contents of one animal 28 hr after administration of the radiolabel. The retention time for this metabolite was similar, but not identical, to the retention time for AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), the major bacterial metabolite of glyphosate found in soil. Tissue extraction efficiency was always greater than 90% and stability assays indicated no significant effect of storage on either parent glyphosate or AMPA. The results from this study indicate that virtually no toxic metabolites of glyphosate were produced since there was little evidence of metabolism and essentially 100% of the body burden was parent compound with no significant persistence of material.
The Effect of Linearization Errors on 4DVAR Data Assimilation

Abstract The authors show that the linear approximation errors in the presence of a discontinuous convective parameterization operator are large for a small number of grid points where the noise produced by the convective parameterization is largest. These errors are much smaller for “smooth convective” points in the integration domain and for the nonconvective regions. Decreasing of the amplitude of initial perturbations does not reduce the errors in noisy points. This result indicates that the tangent linear model solution is erroneous in these points due to the linearization that does not include the linear variations of regime changes (i.e., due to use of standard method). The authors then show that the quality of local four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation results is correlated with the linearization errors: Slower convergence is associated with large errors. Consequently, the 4DVAR assimilation results are different for different convective points in the integration domain. The nega...
A molecularly based theory for electron transfer reorganization energy

Using field-theoretic techniques, we develop a molecularly based dipolar self-consistent-field theory (DSCFT) for charge solvation in pure solvents under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions and apply it to the reorganization energy of electron transferreactions. The DSCFT uses a set of molecular parameters, such as the solvent molecule’s permanent dipole moment and polarizability, thus avoiding approximations that are inherent in treating the solvent as a linear dielectric medium. A simple, analytical expression for the free energy is obtained in terms of the equilibrium and nonequilibrium electrostatic potential profiles and electric susceptibilities, which are obtained by solving a set of self-consistent equations. With no adjustable parameters, the DSCFT predicts activation energies and reorganization energies in good agreement with previous experiments and calculations for the electron transfer between metallic ions. Because the DSCFT is able to describe the properties of the solvent in the immediate vicinity of the charges, it is unnecessary to distinguish between the inner-sphere and outer-sphere solvent molecules in the calculation of the reorganization energy as in previous work. Furthermore, examining the nonequilibrium free energy surfaces of electron transfer, we find that the nonequilibrium free energy is well approximated by a double parabola for self-exchange reactions, but the curvature of the nonequilibrium free energy surface depends on the charges of the electron-transferring species, contrary to the prediction by the linear dielectrictheory.
Public Health's Future Role in Cancer Survivorship

Despite modest reductions in the incidence rates for many cancers in recent years,1 the absolute number of people who will be diagnosed with cancer and the number of cancer survivors are expected to increase substantially over the next few decades in the U.S., due to changing demographics, an aging population, and improvements in survival.2–4 Advances in treating childhood cancer have led to an increase in the number of adolescents and young adults who are cancer survivors, and the late effects of treatment can be substantial in this age group.5 Most cancer survivors, however, are older than age 65 years.6 The number of adults aged 65 and older is projected to increase in the U.S. from 48 million in 2015 to 74 million by 2030.7 In the war on cancer, cancer survivors are often wounded warriors with long-term sequelae needing to be managed together with other chronic conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.8–10 In addition, cancer survivors may be at risk of developing other primary cancers because of shared etiologic risk factors or the consequences of radiation therapy or chemotherapy.11,12 The complex needs of the continually growing number of cancer survivors cannot be fully met by the current healthcare system.13–16 CDC has used interdisciplinary approaches to address the public health needs of cancer survivors for more than a decade.17 This article highlights some of the future directions suggested by the research and programmatic activities described in this special supplement to improve the health of cancer survivors and the communities in which they live.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Intracoronary Injection of Large Stem Cells: Size Matters”

I thank Drs Gallet and Marban1 for their interests in my editorial.2 I acknowledge that there are small reserved capillaries in the myocardium that may play a role in accommodating stem cells injected into the coronary artery. In my own experience in preclinical models, adenosine-induced maximal coronary flow reserve is 2 to 3 times from baseline measurements in the nonischemic myocardium.3 It is important …
Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of NaxCo2O4 Single Crystals

Single crystal NaCo2O4 platelets with sizes up to 6mm were synthesized by the typical high temperature NaCl flux method. The in-plane thermopower α and in-plane resistivity ρ were measured to be ∼100µV/K and 0.3mΩ-cm at 300K, respectively. The in-plane thermal conductivity κ was measured by our custom-designed “PTC” system and found to be ∼5 W-m−1K−1 at 300K, which is 2-3 times larger than the polycrystalline NaCo2O4. The in-plane phonon mean free path lph was estimated to be ∼9.5A, which is much smaller than the in-plane mean free path of conducting carriers (la∼51A). A novel low temperature flux method where NaCl/NaOH was used as flux and metallic Co powders as Co source was developed to successfully synthesize Na-deficient NaxCo2O4 crystals with size up to 6mm at low temperature of 550°C. The different temperature dependence in resistivity reveals that two different types of crystals can exist, one is metallic and another is semiconducting. The temperature dependence of the measured k is like that of a disordered solid and the value is found to be ∼7 W-m−1K−1 at 300K.
Autoantigens as Partners in Initiation and Propagation of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by specific targeting of a limited group of ubiquitously expressed autoantigens by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms underlying their selection as immune targets. Initiation of autoimmune responses likely reflects the presentation of antigens with a distinct structure not previously encountered by the immune system, in a proimmune context (injury, malignancy, or infection). Causes of modified structure include somatic mutation and posttranslational modifications (including citrullination and proteolysis). Many autoantigens are components of multimolecular complexes, and some of the other components may provide adjuvant activity. Propagation of autoimmune responses appears to reflect a bidirectional interaction between the immune response and the target tissues in a mutually reinforcing cycle: Immune effector pathways generate additional autoantigen, which feeds further immune response. We propose that this resonance may be a critical principle underlying disease propagation, with specific autoantigens functioning as the hubs around which amplification occurs.
Surgery for type 2 diabetes: the case for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has traditionally been the most common bariatric procedure. Long-term data on the efficacy of RYGB demonstrate a long-lasting benefit in weight loss and control of the metabolic syndrome. Although observations of type 2 diabetes (T2D) resolution after RYGB have been reported for 3 decades, it was not until recently that multiple randomized trials comparing RYGB to medical therapy verified the same thing: RYGB leads to significantly greater diabetes control and remission. Even though T2D can relapse, there remains a significant overall benefit of bariatric surgery regarding the downstream effects of T2D: cardiovascular risk and micro- and macrovascular complications. Limited data are available on the comparative effectiveness of RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy in improving glucose homeostasis, but studies including both surgical procedures suggest that the benefit of RYGB in T2D may be more profound. Although further research is needed to examine closely any differences between these 2 procedures, multiple studies underscore the unprecedented value of bariatric surgery for the control and remission of T2D.
Activity-Based Cost Management Part I: Applied to Occupational and Environmental Health Organizations

The fundamental purpose of an environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) department or program—to assure worker health and safety and prevent environmental degradation—can be preserved by managers who can use contemporary business management tools to solve complex business and budgetary problems. Traditional cost accounting methods do not provide ES&H managers with the cost data and business process information required to make informed and timely decisions. Activity-based cost management (ABCM) is a business tool that can be used to quantify the cost of ES&H work activities and the cost of developing and delivering ES&H products and services. Additionally, the cost data and business process information that result from applying ABCM can be used to understand why these costs exist. The concepts, principles, and nomenclature associated with the two components of ABCM—activity-based costing (ABC) and activity-based management (ABM)—are discussed in this article, as is the utility of ABCM as a tool for managin...
Born-Oppenheimer and non-Born-Oppenheimer, atomic and molecular calculations with explicitly correlated Gaussians.

This paper is part of the 2012 Quantum Chemistry thematic issue. Sergiy Bubin,*,† Michele Pavanello,*,‡ Wei-Cheng Tung, Keeper L. Sharkey, and Ludwik Adamowicz* †Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States ‡Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
Some Notes on the Biology of the Pea Weevil Bruchus Pisorum L. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) at Moscow, Idaho

The hibernation, egg deposition, life cycle, and the length of life of the pea weevil are discussed.
Empirical Chromospheric and Coronal Models

In a certain sense, the construction of spherically symmetric models of the solar atmosphere runs counter to the discussion in Chapters II, III and IV. This may seem particularly true for the upper chromosphere and the corona where the geometric structure of the atmosphere seems clearly to depart very far from spherical symmetry. On the other hand, the ‘mean’ properties of even highly structured atmospheres are of importance for a number of purposes. The mean properties serve as a reference to which a given structure may be compared and for the elaboration of models that contain suitable geometric structures.
Reexamining the Threshold for Reexcision of Histologically Transected Dysplastic Nevi.

Importance Controversy persists regarding the appropriate management of incompletely excised, biopsy-proven, mild and moderate dysplastic nevi (DN). Objective To determine long-term risk of associated melanoma in biopsied mild or moderate DN with positive histologic margins that were clinically observed vs reexcised with negative margins. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of mixed referral and community patients from an academic pigmented lesion clinic and dermatology clinics of the affiliated Veteran Affairs medical center with biopsy-confirmed DN with positive histologic margins diagnosed from May 15, 1991, to July 8, 2015, and followed up through May 30, 2016. A consecutive sample of 1473 histologically confirmed DN was identified using surgical pathology databases at the study sites; 590 cases in 498 patients met eligibility criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of biopsied DN that progressed to histologically confirmed invasive or in situ melanoma. Secondary outcomes included local nevus recurrence and development of primary melanoma at other anatomic sites. Results The 498 patients had a mean (range) age of 57.6 (14-93) years and 90% were male. Among 590 positive-margin DN, 191 were reexcised and 399 clinically observed without further surgery; 170 reexcised and 304 observed DN had available follow-up data, with mean (SD) follow-up of 5.5 (4.6) years. Cases in the observation group were more likely to demonstrate nevus recurrence than those that were reexcised (3.3% vs 0%; P = .02). Six of 304 (2.0%) observed DN subsequently developed melanoma at the same site, compared with 1 of 170 (0.6%) that were reexcised ( P = .43). Five of 6 observed patients who developed melanoma initially underwent partial biopsy with grossly positive margins; 1 melanoma in situ evolved from an excisionally biopsied moderately dysplastic nevus 5 years later. Only 1 case of thin invasive melanoma (≤1 mm) was observed, and no deaths from melanoma arising from biopsy-proven DN occurred through the latest dermatology follow-up. New primary melanoma developed at other sites in 9.9% of excised and 9.4% of resected DN. Conclusions and Relevance In cases of mild and moderate DN with microscopically positive margins and no concerning clinical residual lesion, observation, rather than reexcision, was a reasonable management option. Partial biopsies of pigmented lesions suspicious for melanoma may lead to delayed melanoma diagnosis and should be discouraged.
A multichannel smartphone optical biosensor for high-throughput point-of-care diagnostics

Current reported smartphone spectrometers are only used to monitor or measure one sample at a time. For the first time, we demonstrate a multichannel smartphone spectrometer (MSS) as an optical biosensor that can simultaneously optical sense multiple samples. In this work, we developed a novel method to achieve the multichannel optical spectral sensing with nanometer resolution on a smartphone. A 3D printed cradle held the smartphone integrated with optical components. This optical sensor performed accurate and reliable spectral measurements by optical intensity changes at specific wavelength or optical spectral shifts. A custom smartphone multi-view App was developed to control the optical sensing parameters and to align each sample to the corresponding channel. The captured images were converted to the transmission spectra in the visible wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm with the high resolution of 0.2521nm per pixel. We validated the performance of this MSS via measuring the concentrations of protein and immunoassaying a type of human cancer biomarker. Compared to the standard laboratory instrument, the results sufficiently showed that this MSS can achieve the comparative analysis detection limits, accuracy and sensitivity. We envision that this multichannel smartphone optical biosensor will be useful in high-throughput point-of-care diagnostics with its minimizing size, light weight, low cost and data transmission function.
A printed dipole reconfigured with magneto-static responsive structures that do not require a directly connected biasing circuit

An initial study of novel Magneto-static Responsive Structures (MRSs) and their application to the frequency reconfigurability of a printed dipole antenna is presented here. The embodiment of the MRSs consisted of a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 0.9 mm drilled into a 20.0 mil thick 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm TMM4 substrate. The cavities were partially filled with silver coated magnetic particles and covered on the top and bottom with copper tape. The conducting magnetic particles responded to an externally applied magnetic field and formed columns in the direction of the magnetic field lines. The columns connected the top and bottom conducting planes, acting as a switch. It was demonstrated that the electrical length of an antenna could be changed and the resonant frequencies could be reconfigured from 1.5 GHz to 1.9 GHz by incorporating the MRSs into the dipole antenna and controlling the ON and OFF states of the MRS switch. Overall, it was shown that the simulated results agreed well with the measurements. It was also demonstrated that the proposed MRSs do not need directly connected biasing circuitry, making them particularly useful for complex antenna designs.
Noise and neurotoxic chemical exposure relationship to workplace traumatic injuries: A review.

Abstract Introduction More than 5,000 fatalities and eight million injuries occurred in the workplace in 2007 at a cost of $6 billion and $186 billion, respectively. Neurotoxic chemicals are known to affect central nervous system functions among workers, which include balance and hearing disorders. However, it is not known if there is an association between exposure to noise and solvents and acute injuries. Method: A thorough review was conducted of the literature on the relationship between noise or solvent exposures and hearing loss with various health outcomes. Results: The search resulted in 41 studies. Health outcomes included: hearing loss, workplace injuries, absence from work due to sickness, fatalities, hospital admissions due to workplace accidents, traffic accidents, hypertension, balance, slip, trips, or falls, cognitive measures, or disability retirement. Important covariates in these studies were age of employee, type of industry or occupation, or length of employment. Discussion: Most authors that evaluated noise exposure concluded that higher exposure to noise resulted in more of the chosen health effect but the relationship is not well understood. Studies that evaluated hearing loss found that hearing loss was related to occupational injury, disability retirement, or traffic accidents. Studies that assessed both noise exposure and hearing loss as risk factors for occupational injuries reported that hearing loss was related to occupational injuries as much or more than noise exposure. Evidence suggests that solvent exposure is likely to be related to accidents or other health consequences such balance disorders. Conclusions: Many authors reported that noise exposures and hearing loss, respectively, are likely to be related to occupational accidents. Practical applications: The potential significance of the study is that findings could be used by managers to reduce injuries and the costs associated with those injures.
What If the Cleft Child is Yours

Every 3 minutes, a child is born with a cleft lip or cleft palate and make the child to suffer from hunger and thirst, difficulty with speech and social stigma (Operation Smile, n.d.). Yes, Cleft (lip/palate) is usually accompanied with stigma from the society especially when they lack information about it. When a baby is born into the world the whole family rejoices but in the case of the cleft (lip/palate) child the parents end up in shock and sadness. It even makes the parents and their families think that having a cleft child is a curse in itself. One of the factors that the parents’ of cleft (lip/palate) child limit themselves from taking their cleft (lip/palate) child to social gathering as they are scared that the society may have a negative attitude towards them. Assumptions about its cause make the parents difficult to adjust to the situation. People would talk behind them discussing about the cause of cleft (lip/palate) saying that their parents did something wrong that is the reason why their cleft child is the consequence. Twelve year old twins from a small state (Meghalaya) in India do not want to go to school or play with the other children because they were named as daughters of the devil and ugly simply because they were born with a cleft lip.
Theorizing Social Entrepreneurship Within Tourism Studies

This chapter commences with a discussion of the term entrepreneurship as conceptualized by key economists, Schumpeter, von Mises, and Kirzner. Various fundamental theoretical linkages between the terms entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship are presented. Discussions related to the types of institutional sectors that encompass social entrepreneurship are discussed, namely, for profit, non profit, and public sector. The applicability of social entrepreneurship to the field of tourism is extensively discussed, particularly relating to sustainable tourism and other forms of tourism that attempt to respond the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations. The chapter presents an example of a tourism-related Native American owned social enterprise, DineHozho L3C, which was devised by the Navajo Tribe of Arizona, USA. The chapter ends with a presentation of four important research avenues that can contribute to further theorizations of social entrepreneurship and tourism. It is argued that further research into social enterprises related to various tourism sectors will be useful in amassing evidence for best practices within the field as augmenting theoretical bodies of knowledge. It is important for such scholastic endeavors to go beyond idealizing examples of social entrepreneurship in order to critically examine the sustainability (social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental) of such initiatives.
One-pass online SVM with extremely small space complexity

In this paper we consider the problem of training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) online using a stream of data in random order. We provide a fast online training algorithm for general SVM on very large datasets. Based on the geometric interpretation of SVM known as the polytope distance, our algorithm uses a gradient descent procedure to solve the problem. With high probability our algorithm outputs an (ϵ; δ)-approximation result in constant time and space, which is independent of the size of the dataset, where (ϵ; δ)-approximation means that the separating margin of the classifier is almost optimal (with error ≤ ϵ), and the number of misclassified training points is very small (with error ≤ δ). Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms most of existing online algorithms, especially in the space requirement aspect, while maintaining high accuracy.
Learning from opportunities: storing and re-using execution-time optimizations

In earlier work (Hammond 1986), we proposed a mechanism for learning from execution-time plan failure. In this paper, we suggest a corollary notion of learning from execution-time planning opportunities. We argue that both are special cases of learning from expectation failure (Schank 1982). The result of this type of learning is a set of plans for frequently occurring conjuncts of goals, indexed by the features in the world that predict their usefulness. We discuss this notion, using examples from the University of Chicago planner TRUCKER, an implementation of case-based planning in the domain of a UPS-like pickup and delivery service.
Meaningfully Embracing Ethical Challenges in Coaching: A Systemic Approach to the EVL Model.

In their inherently ambiguous activity, executive coaches face ethical challenges. While most approaches to ethical decisions tend to overlook their subjective, interpersonal, and social dimensions, we suggest an approach that hopefully allows meaningfully embracing them. To do so, we develop a systemic approach to Hirschman’s Exit Voice Loyalty (EVL) model. Using the context of 37 executive coaches, our research shows that coaches’ reactions to ethical conflicts can be understood by looking at the system of reactions that actors maintain regarding multiple entities, and that these reactions and the system they constitute evolve over time. Through this systemic approach, we first develop perspectives that encourage new ways of using the EVL model; second, we discuss how this model allows coaches to meaningfully embrace ethical conflicts by constructively using them.
Reviewing the impact of lipid synthetic flux on Th17 function

CD4+ T helper 17 cells (Th17) acquire specific effector functions in response to activation and instructional signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cellular lipid metabolic pathways play essential roles in regulating the differentiation and function of Th17 cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that metabolic fluxes through both the cholesterol and long chain fatty acid biosynthetic pathways are important in controlling RORγ transcriptional activity through their ability to generate lipid ligands of RORγ. Genetic and pharmacologic studies demonstrate that altering the flux through these lipid biosynthetic pathways impacts the generation of IL-17 as well as the balance of Th17 and CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this mini-review, we briefly introduce the mechanics of cholesterol and long chain fatty acid biosynthesis. We also discuss the evidence underlying the unique role that these lipid metabolic pathways play in intrinsically regulating the fate and function of Th17 cells under normal and pathogenic conditions.
Dilution Methods of Antibiotic Assays

Simple dilution methods, agar dilution and serial dilution, are described in this chapter. The serial dilutions methods are given in great detail with typical answers. A serial dilution method not strictly antibacterial is given in Section III on Antiluminescent Assay. This chapter contains information on media, propagation of bacteria, selection of assay bacteria, errors of pipetting, and errors of microbiological origin.
Toward a Sustainable New York City: Greening through Urban Forest Restoration

On Earth Day 2007, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced PlaNYC, a long-term vision for making New York City more sustainable by 2030.1 PlaNYC creates a long-term urban-planning mission for NYC that has sustainability at its core with a triple bottom line set of goals: to simultaneously improve the urban environment, economy, and overall quality of life. The ambitious 127 initiatives range from revamping aging infrastructure to making sure that all city residents live within a ten-minute walk of a park to cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2030. One of the most visible initiatives isMillionTreesNYC, a plan to add 1 million trees to city streets, parks, and private land by 2017.
Colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: Practice guidelines and recent developments.

Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involving at least 1/3 of the colon are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Advancements in CRC screening and surveillance and improved treatment of IBD has reduced CRC incidence in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s colitis. Most cases of CRC are thought to arise from dysplasia, and recent evidence suggests that the majority of dysplastic lesions in patients with IBD are visible, in part thanks to advancements in high definition colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy. Recent practice guidelines have supported the use of chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies of visible lesions rather than traditional random biopsies. Endoscopists are encouraged to endoscopically resect visible dysplasia and only recommend surgery when a complete resection is not possible. New technologies such as virtual chromoendoscopy are emerging as potential tools in CRC screening. Patients with IBD at increased risk for developing CRC should undergo surveillance colonoscopy using new approaches and techniques.
Illustrative Analysis of Probabilistic Sea Level Rise Hazard

AbstractSea level rise results from several contributing physical processes, including ocean thermal expansion and glacier and ice sheet mass loss. Future projections of sea level remain highly unc...
A 9 - 45V Input 2MHz 3-Switch ZVS Step-up / -down Hybrid Converter with 5x Volume Reduction

This paper presents a 3-switch zero-voltage switching (ZVS) step-up /-down hybrid DC-DC converter for automotive applications. By having a flying capacitor, the proposed converter saves 1 auxiliary branch for establishing ZVS, and 1 power FET compared to the conventional buck-boost topology. With ZVS turn-on of all power FETs, the proposed converter is able to operate in the MHz range with high power efficiency in high input voltages via minimizing the switching loss. The flying capacitor further reduces the main inductor current in the step-down mode, significantly decreasing the inductor conduction loss. The proposed converter was validated using 100v e-mode GaN FETs with the on-chip gate drivers and control circuitry implemented in a HV 0.5µm BCD process. The proposed converter can support a wide input range from 9V to 45V with a maximum 48W output power, operate at 2MHz, and achieve peak power efficiencies of 98% and 96% in step-down and -up modes, respectively. The volume of external components in the proposed converter is also reduced by at least 5 times compared with the prior art.
Differentiation of Antemortem and Postmortem Appendicular Fractures Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity Changes in Bone and Soft Tissues

Intraosseous T1-weighted (T1W) and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity changes-so-called bone marrow edema-may be able to differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures in human forensic imaging. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this hypothesis using an animal model. Three juvenile Landrace pigs were anesthetized and underwent MRI of both tibiae and both radii using a 1.5 T magnet. T1W, T2-weighted (T2W), STIR, and T2* sequences were included. Antemortem fractures were induced in both tibiae and postmortem fractures in both radii, and MRI was repeated. Two board-certified radiologists blinded to fracture group jointly evaluated the images for intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in identifying antemortem fractures were calculated based on intraosseous, soft tissue, and combined intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes, when present, were hyperintense in all sequences. Intraosseous hyperintensity in T1W and T2W sequences yielded Sp of 100% for antemortem fractures. Regardless of sequence, soft tissue hyperintensity was comparatively more sensitive than intraosseous hyperintensity. Sensitivity for each sequence could be maximized by assessment of soft tissue and intraosseous hyperintense signals together; for the T1W sequence, such assessment optimized diagnostic utility yielding a Se of 100% and Sp of 83%. In summary, MRI-particularly the T1W sequence-can differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures and may be a useful adjunct to the forensic analyses of fractures.
No effect of resistance exercise on antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults: a randomized control trial

Older adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As acute eccentric resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response. PURPOSE: Compare antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed resistance exercise prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise. METHODS: 29 resistance training-naive older adults (20 women, 73.9 +/- 5.3 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: vaccination in the same arm that exercised (Ex-S), vaccination in the opposite arm that exercised (Ex-OP), and seated rest (No-Ex). Exercise was unilateral and consisted of 10 sets of 5 eccentric repetitions at 80% of the pre-determined concentric one repetition maximum. Lateral raises were alternated with bicep curls. No-Ex sat quietly for 25 min. Following exercise or rest, all subjects received the 2018 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Seqirus Afluria) in the non-dominant deltoid. Antibody titers against the four influenza vaccine strains were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assays at baseline, 6-, and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Group differences in antibody titers by time were assessed by restricted maximum likelihood mixed models. Fold-changes in antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks from baseline were compared between groups by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: No significant group x time effects were found for any strain. Groups did not differ in fold-increase of antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Although seroconversion rates remained low, only one subject (Ex-S) reported flu-like symptoms 18 weeks post-vaccination. CONCLUSION: Acute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant.
Competency-Based Methods in Adult Cardiac Sonography and its Application to Credentialing:

Objectives:This research examined the effects of multiple combined competency-based methods in an adult cardiac Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredited d...
Deterrence is Down and Social Costs are Up: A Parolee Revisits Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott

In Pennsylvania Board of Probation & Parole v. Scott, Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the Court, held that the exclusionary rule does not extend to parole revocation hearings. Balancing the potential deterrent effect of the exclusionary rule on law enforcement violations of the Fourth Amendment against the social costs of preventing illegally seized evidence to be used at parole revocation hearings, the Court provided four tenuous justifications for its holding. These justifications are now outdated and obsolete. Subsequent decisions by the Court and current empirical data question the rationales put forth by Justice Thomas to support the conclusion that the exclusionary rule has no place in a parole revocation proceeding. This Essay examines the hypotheses employed in Pennsylvania Board of Probation & Parole v. Scott from the practical perspective of a parolee. Ignoring hypothetical deterrence and miscalculated social costs, while analyzing pertinent studies Justice Thomas failed to cite and exploring the actualities of supervised release, the rest of this Essay explains how the justifications of Scott do not apply to the parole system of today and how application of the exclusionary rule in parole revocation hearings where violations of the Fourth Amendment occur is one step toward fixing a system of supervision that is now in disrepair.
The Impact of Extended Delayed Surgery for Indolent Lung Cancer or Part-solid Ground Glass Nodules.

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with lung cancer may experience treatment delays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of extended treatment delays on survival among patients with stage I typical bronchopulmonary carcinoid (BC), lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) or invasive adenocarcinoma with a lepidic component (ADL). Methods Using National Cancer Database data (2004-2015), multivariable Cox regression analysis with penalized smoothing splines was performed to examine the association between treatment delay and all-cause mortality for stage I BC, LPA, and ADL. Propensity score–matched analyses compared the overall survival of patients who received “early” vs “delayed” surgery (ie, 0-30 vs 90-120 days after diagnosis) across the different histologic subtypes. Results During the study period, patients with stage I BC (n = 4947), LPA (n = 5340), and ADL (n = 6816) underwent surgery. Cox regression analysis of these cohorts showed a gradual steady increase in the hazard ratio the longer treatment is delayed. However, in propensity score–matched analyses that created cohorts of patients who underwent early and delayed surgery that were well-balanced in patient characteristics, no significant differences in 5-year survival were found between early and delayed surgery for stage I BC (87% [95% CI:77%-93%] vs 89% [95% CI: 80%-94%]), stage I LPA (73% [95% CI: 64%-80%] vs 77% [95% CI: 68%-83%]), and stage I ADL (71% [95% CI: 64%-76%] vs 69% [95% CI: 60%-76%]). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, for early-stage indolent lung tumors and part-solid ground glass lung nodules, a delay of surgery by 3-4 months after diagnosis can be considered.
Equations of Motion for the Vertical Rigid-Body Rotor: Linear and Nonlinear Cases

Centuries ago, the prolific mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) wrote down the equations of motion (EOM) for the heavy symmetrical top with one point fixed. The resulting set of equations turned out to be nonlinear and had a limited number of closed-form solutions.
Sequential Learning under Informational Ambiguity

This paper studies a sequential learning problem where individuals are ambiguous about other people's signal structures. It finds that ambiguity has an important impact on social learning and provides new insights on the mechanism behind herding behavior. This paper claims that whether an information cascade occurs is a result of individuals' ambiguity level instead of specific statistical features of the actual signal processes as suggested by previous literature. When there is sufficient ambiguity, for all possible data-generating processes, an information cascade occurs almost surely. Moreover, a slight degree of ambiguity suffices to produce a cascade when signals are bounded and destroys full learning when signals are unbounded. As an extension, this paper also investigates the case where there is an outside option. It finds that an information cascade occurs on this outside option when there is sufficient ambiguity and individuals are ambiguity-averse.
Compliant substrate epitaxy: Au on MoS 2

A theory for the epitaxial growth of Au on ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ is developed and analyzed. The theory combines continuum linear elasticity theory with density functional theory to analyze epitaxial growth in this system. It is demonstrated that if one accounts for interfacial energies and strains, the presence of misfit dislocations, and the compliance of the ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ substrate, the experimentally observed growth orientation is favored despite the fact that it represents a larger elastic mismatch than two competing structures. The stability of the experimentally preferred orientation is attributed to the formation of a large number of strong Au-S bonds, and it is noted that this strong bond may serve as a means to exfoliate and transfer large single layers sheets of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$, as well as to engineer strain within single layers of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$. The potential for using a van der Waals-bonded layered material as a compliant substrate for applications in 2D electronic devices and epitaxial thin film growth is discussed.
Abstract 251: Dexamethasone Promotes Hypertension In Transgenic Mice By Haplotype-Dependent Regulation Of The Human Angiotensinogen Gene

Human angiotensinogen gene (hAGT) gene has polymorphisms in its 2.5Kb promoter that forms two haplotype (Hap) blocks: -6A/G (-1670A/G, -1562C/T, -1561T/C) and -217A/G (-532T/C, -793A/G, -1074T/C, and -1178G/A). Hap -6A/-217A (Hap -6A) is associated with human hypertension whereas, Hap -6G/-217G (Hap -6G) reduces cardiovascular risk. In vitro, transient transfection shows that Hap -6A has increased promoter activity with a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist (4.7 fold higher) when compared to the Hap -6G. Here, we examine the physiological significance of GR-mediated allele-specific regulation of the hAGT gene, in vivo, with consequential effects on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in double transgenic (TG) mice engineered with human renin and either haplotype of the hAGT gene. TG mice were treated with and without low dose of a GR agonist, dexamethasone (DEX, 10μg/mL), for 72 hours. In untreated mice, ChIP assay shows greater chromatin-GR binding (Hap -6A- 0.46±0.02 vs. Hap -6G- 0.23±0.01 A.U., p