cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INTRACTABILITY OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE PROBLEM AND A MULTIOBJECTIVE SOLUTION USING SIMULATED ANNEALING

Abstract Numerous techniques for generating approximate solutions have been proposed in the last decade for routing and scheduling in multi-vehicle dial-a-ride problems. While some of these techniques have mathematical foundations, it is often difficult to assess the global optimality of the generated solution due to the use of pure local improvement methods. In additon, most of these methods are based on a single objective, such as minimization of the number of vehicles used, and cannot account for different or competing objectives that characterize the problem. This paper proves the intractability of the dial-a-ride problem, and then describes a new approximate method based on simulated annealing that is used to solve these problems in the presence of multiple objectives.
A Conditional Sterol Esterification Defect in Yeast having either a sec1 or sec5 Mutation in the Secretory Pathway

Two temperature-conditional secretory mutations, sec1 and sec5, cause the accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles when strains containing these mutations are grown at 37 degrees C. In addition to accumulating vesicles, the mutants do not esterify free sterol on rich media at the restrictive temperature. It is the high level of inositol in the media that causes this condition in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, not a defective steryl ester synthase or lack of substrates. When strains containing the sec1 or sec5 mutation were transformed separately with a plasmid carrying SEC1 and SEC5, the esterification and secretory defects were alleviated. Double mutants containing sec6, sec14 or sec18 with either a sec1 or sec5 mutation have normal esterification levels. Strains with suppressor mutations were isolated that grew at 37 degrees C, esterified sterols and had diminished accumulation of vesicles, when grown at the restrictive temperature on defined media with additional inositol. Electron microscopy was used to examine vesicle accumulation, the number of lipid droplets, and to further characterize the esterification defect. When grown at 37 degrees C on defined medium, the strains with sec5 or sec1 accumulated the usual secretory vesicles, but when grown under similar conditions with elevated levels of inositol, accumulated an additional vesicular-like body.
Effects of Vegetation and Background Noise on the Detection Process in Auditory Avian Point-Count Surveys

Abstract We used a bird-song simulation system to experimentally assess the effects of habitat, vegetation structure, and background noise on detection probability in aural avian point counts. We simulated bird songs of seven species in two habitats (mixed pine–hardwood forest and deciduous forest) and two leaf conditions (leaves on and leaves off) with two levels of background noise (~40 dB and ~50 dB). Estimated detection probabilities varied greatly among species, and complex interactions among all the factors existed. Background noise and the presence of leaves on trees decreased detection probabilities, and estimated detection probabilities were higher in mixed pine–hardwood forest than in deciduous forest. At 100 m, average estimated detection probabilities ranged from 0 to 1 and were lowest for the Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) and highest for the Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). Simulations of expected counts, based on the best logistic model, indicated that observers detect between 3...
A joint model for longitudinal data profiles and associated event risks with application to a depression study

Summary. In many longitudinal studies, a subject's response profile is closely associated with his or her risk of experiencing a related event. Examples of such event risks include recurrence of disease, relapse, drop-out and non-compliance. When evaluating the effect of a treatment, it is sometimes of interest to consider the joint process consisting of both the response and the risk of an associated event. Motivated by a prevention of depression study among patients with malignant melanoma, we examine a joint model that incorporates the risk of discontinuation into the analysis of serial depression measures. We present a maximum likelihood estimator for the mean response and event risk vectors. We test hypotheses about functions of mean depression and withdrawal risk profiles from our joint model, predict depression from updated patient histories, characterize associations between components of the joint process and estimate the probability that a patient's depression and risk of withdrawal exceed specified levels. We illustrate the application of our joint model by using the depression data.
The Genus Inocybe in Montana Aspen Stands

Mycorrhizal members of the Cortinari- aceae are an important component of the mycoflora of aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in Montana. Fourteen species of Inocybe that occur with aspen in Montana are described. A majority of the species were linked for the first time with aspen in North America, and this is the first report of I. flavella, I. longispora, and I. squamata from North America. In- ocybe species are generally thought to be rather un- specific as to host with a preference for disturbed or early successional sites. The occurrence of many of the same species in widely distributed aspen stands in Montana and Idaho, suggests aspen may host a limited set of Inocybe species within this region. More extensive surveys are needed to determine if a pat- tern does indeed exist, and how host tree, soil, cli- mate, and geography influence the distribution of In-
Thermostabile polymere III. Polyimide der 1,4‐benzohydrochinontetracarbonsäre

Durch Umsetzen von 1,4-Benzohydrochinontetracarbonsaureanhydrid mit m-Phenylendiamin, Benzidin, Methylendianilin, Oxadianilin und Diaminoanthrachinon wurden die Polyamidearbonsauren hergestellt und durch Dehydratisieren bei 250°C in die Polyimide uberfuhrt. Einige Eingenschaften der Polyimide und von Polyimidfilmen wurden bestimmt. Die Eigenschaften der Polyimide und von Polyimidfilmen wurden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung werden diskutiert. Polyamidic acids have been synthesised by reaction of 1,4-benzohydroquinonetetracarboxylic acid with m-phenylenediamine, benzidine, methylenedianiline, oxadianiline and diaminoanthraquinone. By heating at temperatures of about 250°C, the acids were dehydrated to the polyimides. Some properties of the polyimides and polyimide films have been determined. The results of the investigations are discussed.
Seeking an online community for professional development discourse: a content analysis of teachers' blogs

This paper presents a content analysis of a sample of blogs from one blog community of classroom teachers. It offers a glimpse into both the personal and professional aspects of teachers' lives and identifies the ways classroom teachers are using blogs to cope in an increasingly challenging profession. The findings show that at least some teachers find blogs to be a useful technology for communicating with other teachers. They can share ideas, ask questions, offer and find solutions, share stories and experiences or simply socialise with other classroom teachers, thus providing informal support to each other via a virtual community of practice.
Pentane conversion on dealuminated H-Y and HZSM-5

Abstract The steady-state rate of n -pentane conversion has been related to the Bronsted acidity of dealuminated (D) acid (H) Y zeolites (DHY) and ZSM-5 (DHZ). Low-temperature CO adsorption FTIR detects two kinds of Bronsted sites in DHZ and a distribution of Bronsted sites in DHY. In DHZ no Lewis sites were detected by this technique. In conjunction with results obtained by high-resolution 29 Si MAS REDOR spectroscopy and reported elsewhere, a distinction is made between the Bronsted acidity of an OH group bridging a silicon with only one aluminum within its first coordination shell and at least one aluminum in its third shell ( Q 1 ), from an OH group on a silicon with no aluminum in its third coordination shell (FAl1). The latter OH group is more acid than the former. In DHY it is shown that the apparent activation energy of the overall n -pentane transformation increases to about 110 kJ mol −1 as FAl1/ Q 2 decreases below 1/3. Above 1/3 the apparent activation energy is about 60 kJ mol −1 . The activity of DHY and DHZ scales with FAl1. The selectivity to isomerization vs. cracking depends mainly on the zeolite structure and the partial clogging of the pores by nonframework aluminum.
Computation of supersonic turbulent shear layer mixing with mild compressibility effects

Turbulent supersonic shear layer mixing has been computed using the USA-series multizone Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver, which is based on an implicit finite-volume total variation diminishing (TVD) formulation for the convection terms. Three shear layer cases were run using three turbulence models each: 1) algebraic, 2) one-equation k-L, and 3) two-equation k-e.
Variability in yield of four grain legume species in a subhumid temperate environment. I: Yields and harvest index

In 1998/99 and 1999/2000, field trials were conducted to try to explain why grain legume yields and harvest index are more variable than many other crops. Treatments involved varying plant populations and sowing depths and were selected to maximize plant variability. Both yields and harvest index were variable. Total dry matter (TDM) production generally increased as plant population increased up to twice the optimum population. Increases ranged from 80 to 130% with lupins producing the highest yields of 878 and 972 g/m2 of TDM in 1998/99 and 1999/2000 respectively. While plants sown at 10 cm depth produced more TDM than did plants sown at 2 cm, the difference was only 3%. Seed yields followed similar trends to TDM, with maximum yields (mean of 403 g seed/m2) produced at twice the optimum population. Crop harvest index (CHI) was quite variable and ranged from 0·31 to 0·66. Crop HI was lowest (0·43) at the lowest population and increased to 0·55 at twice the optimum plant population. In both seasons, lentil had the highest CHI and lupin the lowest. While CHI was variable there were very close relationships between seed yield and TDM which suggested that maximum seed yield depends on maximizing TDM production. The results also suggest that growers should increase population by a factor of two to obtain maximum seed yields.
Limiting Distributions of Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Unit Root Test Statistics in Seasonal Time-Series Models

The likelihood function of a seasonal model, Yt=pYt-d+et as implemented in computer algorithms under the assumption of stationary initial conditions is a function of p which is zero at the point p=1. It is a smooth function for p in the above seasonal model with a well-defined maximum regardless of the data-generating mechanism. Gonzalez-Farias (PhD Thesis, North Carolina State University, 1992) proposed tests for unit roots based on maximizing the stationary likelihood function in nonseasonal time series. We extend it to seasonal time series. The limiting distribution of seasonal unit root test statistics based on the unconditional maximum likelihood estimators are shown. Models having a single mean, seasonal means, and a single-trend variable across the seasons are considered.
Chromosomal abnormalities in 47 pediatric brain tumors

The karyotypes of 47 pediatric brain tumors (14 cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas, six cerebral pilocytic astrocytomas, seven anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, nine medulloblastomas [PNETs], one cerebral neuroblastoma, four ependymomas, and seven miscellaneous other neoplasms) are presented. Most of the pilocytic astrocytomas and ependymomas had normal karyotypes. In contrast, the majority of the anaplastic astrocytomas-glioblastomas were abnormal. The abnormalities included losses and structural abnormalities of chromosomes 9, 13, and 17, and double minutes. There were no losses of chromosomes 10 and 19q or gains of chromosome 7, which are among the most common abnormalities of adult glioblastomas. The chromosomal abnormalities in the medulloblastomas were similar to those reported in the literature but less frequent. Four tumors (choroid plexus papilloma, meningioma, cerebral malignant rhabdoid tumor, and immature teratoma) had losses of chromosome 22.
Cross-talk between angiotensin II and glucagon receptor signaling mediates phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK 1/2 in rat glomerular mesangial cells

Abstract We have recently shown that the pancreatic hormone glucagon-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK 1/2 as well as growth and proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) via activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-and phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca 2+ -mediated signaling pathways. Since circulating glucagon and tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are inappropriately elevated in type 2 diabetes, we tested the hypothesis that glucagon induces phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in MCs by interacting with Ang II receptor signaling. Stimulation of MCs by glucagon (10 nM) induced a marked increase in intracellular [Ca 2+ ] i that was abolished by [Des-His 1 , Glu 9 ]-glucagon (1 μM), a selective glucagon receptor antagonist. Both glucagon and Ang II-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation (glucagon: 214 ± 14%; Ang II: 174 ± 16%; p 1 receptor blocker losartan (glucagon + losartan: 77 ± 14%; Ang II + losartan: 84 ± 18%; p 2 receptor blocker PD 123319 (glucagon + PD: 78 ± 7%; Ang II + PD: 87 ± 7%; p p p 1 receptor-activated cAMP-dependent PKA, PLC and PI 3-kinase signaling is involved in glucagon-induced MAP kinase ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in MCs. The inhibitory effect of PD 123319 on glucagon-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation further suggests that AT 2 receptors also play a similar role in this response.
Infection control in home care agencies

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of home care agencies, including the nature of care provided and the presence of infection control standards and education. Methods: Study design was cross-sectional and descriptive; the survey of home health agencies included questions about agency type, nature of care delivered, and infection control policies and educational programs. The sample included all directors of home care agencies in northern California. Results: The response rate was 33.5%. Agency directors reported that 15.3% of their clients required high-technology nursing care; in response to a list of invasive procedures generally considered high in infection risk, more than 90% cared for urinary drainage devices, some categories of wound care, and intravenous management. Of those performing high-risk procedures, more than 75% had policies covering the procedures. Nearly all (87.7% to 100%) had policies on universal precautions, handwashing, handling of needles and sharps, and the cleaning and disinfection of equipment; however, nearly a quarter (24.6%) had no education program regarding the handling of contaminated equipment. Conclusions: Among agencies responding to this survey, care that is considered high risk for infection is delivered and the agencies for the most part have infection control policies and educational programs. Research is needed to define more clearly infection control efforts in home health care. More work is needed to adapt the knowledge of infection control in hospitals to the home setting.
Cyberinfrastructure resources enabling creation of the loblolly pine reference transcriptome

Today's genomics technologies generate more sequence data than ever before possible, and at substantially lower costs, serving researchers across biological disciplines in transformative ways. Building transcriptome assemblies from RNA sequencing reads is one application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) that has held a central role in biological discovery in both model and non-model organisms, with and without whole genome sequence references. A major limitation in effective building of transcriptome references is no longer the sequencing data generation itself, but the computing infrastructure and expertise needed to assemble, analyze and manage the data. Here we describe a currently available resource dedicated to achieving such goals, and its use for extensive RNA assembly of up to 1.3 billion reads representing the massive transcriptome of loblolly pine, using four major assembly software installations. The Mason cluster, an XSEDE second tier resource at Indiana University, provides the necessary fast CPU cycles, large memory, and high I/O throughput for conducting large-scale genomics research. The National Center for Genome Analysis Support, or NCGAS, provides technical support in using HPC systems, bioinformatic support for determining the appropriate method to analyze a given dataset, and practical assistance in running computations. We demonstrate that a sufficient supercomputing resource and good workflow design are elements that are essential to large eukaryotic genomics and transcriptomics projects such as the complex transcriptome of loblolly pine, gene expression data that inform annotation and functional interpretation of the largest genome sequence reference to date.
Routine gallbladder screening not necessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Abstract Background Management of the gallbladder in patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) is controversial. We reviewed our experience in patients undergoing LRYGBP without routine gallbladder screening. Methods The data of 644 patients who underwent LRYGBP at our institution were analyzed. Preoperative ultrasonography was routinely obtained early in our series and selectively thereafter in patients with suspected symptomatic biliary disease. Cholecystectomy at LRYGBP was performed in symptomatic patients with positive ultrasound findings. Postoperatively, patients with intact gallbladders were prescribed ursodiol for 6 months. Results Of the 644 patients, 155 (24%) had history of cholecystectomy. A total of 104 patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography. Of the 104 patients, 20 had positive ultrasound findings and symptoms consistent with biliary disease and underwent concomitant cholecystectomy. Twelve patients had positive ultrasound findings and no biliary symptoms and did not undergo cholecystectomy. At a mean follow-up of 26.4 months, only 1 (8.3%) of the 12 patients had required cholecystectomy. Of the 104 patients, 72 had negative ultrasound findings. At a mean follow-up of 21.2 months, 5 of them (6.9%) had required cholecystectomy. The remaining 385 patients did not undergo any gallbladder screening. At a mean follow-up of 14 months, 32 (8.3%) of 385 patients had required cholecystectomy. Compliance with ursodiol for >4 months was only 39%. A time-to-event analysis did not reveal a significant difference in the cholecystectomy rate between asymptomatic patients with preoperative gallbladder screening and patients with no screening. Conclusion Omission of gallbladder screening in asymptomatic patients undergoing LRYGBP is a reasonable approach that spares the patient a potentially unnecessary procedure with all its associated risks.
Structure and dynamics of carbon black-filled elastomers

The linear and nonlinear melt viscoelastic properties for a series of carbon black-filled polymer composites were studied. Complementary tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were used to examine the dispersion and structural correlations of the filler particles in these composites. The low-frequency dependence of the linear viscoelastic moduli gradually changes from liquidlike behavior for the unfilled polymer to pseudosolid character for composites with more than 9 vol % carbon black filler. The plateau modulus, inferred from the linear viscoelastic response, exhibits a somewhat discontinuous change at about 9 vol % filler. On the basis of the linear viscoelastic response, we postulate that the carbon black filler forms a continuous percolated network structure beyond 9 vol % filler, considerably lower than that expected from theoretical calculations for overlapping spheres and ellipsoids. We suggest that the lower threshold for percolation is due to the polymer mediation of the filler structure, resulting from the low functionality of the polymer and, consequently, few strong polymer–filler interactions, allowing for long loops and tails that can either bridge filler particles or entangle with one another. Furthermore, the strain amplitude for the transition from linear behavior to nonlinear behavior of the modulus for the composites with greater than 9 vol % filler is independent of frequency, and this critical strain amplitude decreases with increasing filler concentration. Complementary AFM measurements suggest a well-dispersed carbon black structure with the nearest neighbor distance showing a discontinuous decrease at about 9 vol % filler, again consistent with the formation of a filler network structure beyond 9 vol % carbon black. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 256–275, 2001
Hot pressing and nanostructuring of Bi90Sb10 alloys to concurrently improve mechanical and thermoelectric properties

The microstructure of Bi_(90)Sb_(10) composites with separate additions of Ag and As was studied, and measurements of the room temperature transport properties were made to see the effects of hot pressing with and without precipitates. The most successful nanostructured Bi_(90)Sb_(10) samples were those containing As when annealed for durations of 3 days or less near the solidus temperature. The transport measurements showing similar electrical resistivity and decreased thermal conductivity with the addition of precipitates at room temperature demonstrates the potential of this bulk nanostructuring and synthesis approach in this material system. With further study, this work could be helpful in creating similar complex nanostructured systems which have the potential to yield high-efficiency thermoelectric materials for low temperature applications.
MRMON: remote multicast monitoring

Although IP multicasting has been deployed for more than a decade, management of multicast networks and services is still a challenging problem. The fact that IP multicast is a receiver-oriented and stateless protocol makes end-to-end multicast monitoring an intractable task. Important multicast information such as join/leave status, group membership, tree information, path/traffic characteristics, and session status is either unrevealed or distributed in various locations on the network. In this paper, we present a new remote passive multicast monitoring infrastructure, called MRMON, to capture, analyze and present multicast session, traffic and membership information in real time. The MRMON probes inhabit a well-organized multicast information structure (MIB) that provides a comprehensive view of multicast network activities in remote subnets. We show how information can be collected from different MRMON probes and then correlated to diagnose multicast session problems. MRMON is a crucial step toward effective multicast management, and our goal is to promote MRMON as a standard MIB in multicast management.
Meat Consumption Patterns and Preparation, Genetic Variants of Metabolic Enzymes, and Their Association with Rectal Cancer in Men and Women

Meat consumption, particularly of red and processed meat, is one of the most thoroughly studied dietary factors in relation to colon cancer. However, it is not clear whether meat, red meat, heterocyclic amines (HCA), or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are associated with the risk for rectal cancer. Rectal cancer cases (n = 952) and controls (n = 1205) from Utah and Northern California were recruited from a population-based case-control study between September 1997 and February 2002. Detailed in-person interviews regarding lifestyle, medical history, and diet were conducted. DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes obtained from whole-blood samples, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 enzyme and N-acetyl transferase (NAT)2 enzyme genotypes were assessed. Although energy and cholesterol intakes were higher among cases than controls, adjustment for confounders accounted for the differences. Increased consumption of well-done red meat [odds ratio (OR) 1.33 95% CI 0.98, 1.79] was associated with an (P = 0.04) increase in risk for rectal cancer among men. The mutagen index, calculated on the bases of reported amount, doneness, and method of cooking meat, was also positively but not significantly (P = 0.24) associated with risk of rectal cancer for men (OR 1.37 95% CI 0.98, 1.92). NAT2-imputed phenotype and GSTM1 did not consistently modify rectal cancer risk associated with meat intake. These data suggest that mutagens such as HCA that form when meat is cooked may be culpable substances in rectal cancer risk, not red meat itself.
Spatial pattern learning in rats: Conditional control by two patterns

Rats searched for food hidden on top of poles in a 4 × 4 matrix of poles. Before each trial, the location of the four baited poles was unpredictable. However, the poles were always baited in one of two spatial patterns, either a square or a line. The food hidden on the four baited poles was one of two types, and the food type determined the identity of the pattern. Thus, once one baited pole was discovered, the food type provided a cue for the spatial pattern in which the remaining food was hidden. The results showed that rats learned the two spatial patterns in which the food was hidden and used the conditional cue to determine which pattern was relevant on individual trials, thereby increasing the efficiency of spatial search.
De-Coca-Colonization: Making the Globe from the Inside Out by Steven Flusty

London and New York: Routledge, 2004. vii+235 pp., photos, index, maps, and refs. $30.95 paper (ISBN 0-41594-538-0). Within critical work on globalization, there has been a growing emphasis on new ...
Films and electronic devices fabricated from high-T/sub c/ superconductors

Films and electronic devices fabricated from high-T/sub c/ superconductors are briefly reviewed. Present work being done in the field is highlighted. Substrate materials, sputtering techniques, oxygen incorporation, and fabrication of the films are covered. >
Murder Mitigation in the Fifty-Two American Jurisdictions: A Case Study in Doctrinal Interrelation Analysis

The essay surveys the law in the fifty-two American jurisdictions with regard to the three doctrines that commonly provide a mitigation or defense to murder liability: common law provocation and its modern counterpart, extreme mental or emotional disturbance; the so-called diminished capacity defense and its modern counterpart, mental illness negating an offense element; and the insanity defense. The essay then examines the patterns among the jurisdictions in the particular formulation they adopt for the three doctrines, and the combinations in which those formulations commonly appear in different jurisdictions. After this review, the essay steps back to see what kinds of general conclusions can be drawn from the patterns that the survey reveals. The methodology offers a case study in the kinds of insights to be gained from such doctrinal interrelation analysis, insights about not only the doctrines at hand but also about the law-making process that produced them.
Genetic Epidemiology and the Future of Disease Prevention and Public Health

"As he chats with the young mother, the doctor flicks a cotton swab into the mouth of her infant son, collecting a small sample of mucus from inside his cheek. In the back room of his office, he inserts the sample into a machine, which extracts DNA from the mucus cells and compares it with the genetic material on a dime-size chip. Minutes later, a computer printer begins to spit out a list of the infant's genes. Fortunately, all but a few genes are labeled 'normal.' It is those few that the doctor discusses as he explains the results to the mother. 'Your son's genetic inheritance is generally good', he says 'but he is somewhat predisposed to skin lesions. So starting right away, he should be protected against excessive exposure to the sun.' And the doctor warns, 'he may well be susceptible to cardiovascular disease later in life. To lessen this risk, after about age 2, he should begin a lifelong low-fat high fiber diet'" (1, p. 24).
Visual Prognosis in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (Kjer Type)

We examined 25 patients from three pedigrees with dominant optic atrophy (Kjer type). Follow-up on 20 patients ranged from five to 40 years (mean, 16 years; median, 13 years). Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 (in one 58-year-old man with an affected father and three affected children) to 20/400. The median initial visual acuity was 20/60, and the median final visual acuity was 20/80. Visual acuity remained unchanged or decreased by one Snellen line in both eyes of 13 patients (65%); it decreased between two and four Snellen lines in only one eye in three patients (15%) and in both eyes in four patients (20%). The rate of visual loss was unrelated to initial visual acuity or the particular pedigree to which the patient belonged. There was functional and ophthalmoscopic heterogeneity between and within the pedigrees. Eight patients perceived moderate to severe social or occupational handicap. Visual prognosis is relatively good in Kjer's dominant optic atrophy with stable or slow progression of visual loss.
Using a Lay Cancer Screening Navigator to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates

Introduction: Preventive care is often not performed during the ambulatory office visit due to the acute nature of the visit. One possible strategy is the use of a lay cancer screening navigator using the lay health worker model. Methods: A training program for the lay cancer screening navigator and a patient registry for colorectal cancer screening was developed. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the intervention. Descriptive statistics were generated for patient demographics. Results: Reach: The lay cancer screening navigator contacted 91.9% of eligible patients. Effectiveness: At baseline, 28.6% of patients were current on their colorectal cancer screening, 40.5% at 6 months, and 42.2% at 12 months. Adoption: Patients contacted all reported being receptive to the intervention. Implementation: Of the 368 fecal immunochemical test kits mailed, 151 were returned (41.0%), and 26 (17.2%) were positive. Maintenance: The percentage of patients who were current between 6 months and at 12 months were not significantly different. Discussion: This study demonstrates that the use of a lay cancer screening navigator to increase the rate of colorectal cancer screening is a viable strategy. (J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:280‐282.)
Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm

Seismic-refraction profiles recorded north of Mammoth Lakes, California, using earthquake sources from the January 1983 swarm complement earlier explosion refraction profiles and provide velocity information from deeper in the crust in the area of the Long Valley caldera. Eight earthquakes from a depth range of 4.9 to 8.0 km confirm the observation of basement rocks with seismic velocities ranging from 5.8 to 6.4 km/sec extending at least to depths of 20 km. The data provide further evidence for the existence of a partial melt zone beneath Long Valley caldera and constrain its geometry. This evidence is in the form of pronounced secondary arrivals, which we interpret as waves that have propagated through a volume with low Q (the magma chamber) and reflected from the lower boundary of the southern edge of this volume at depths of 18 to 20 km.
Plurality: a context-aware personalized tagging system

We present the design of Plurality, an interactive tagging system. Plurality's modular architecture allows users to automatically generate high-quality tags over Web content, as well as over archival and personal content typically beyond the reach of existing Web 2.0 social tagging systems. Three of the salient features of Plurality are: (i) its self-learning and feedback-sensitive capabilities based on a user's personalized tagging style; (ii) its leveraging of the collective intelligence of existing social tagging services; and (iii) its context-awareness for optimizing tag suggestions, e.g., based on spatial or temporal features.
Unauthorized Practice by Law Students: Some Legal Advice About Legal Advice

Law students may find themselves asked for legal advice by friends and family members. Empowered with their new knowledge of the law, flattered to have been asked, and genetically predisposed to talk, they may be tempted to share what they know. But law students, like other non-lawyers, are prohibited from discussing the law in ways that could be considered “legal advice” and the “unauthorized practice of law.” After an analysis of unauthorized practice, the article concludes that the student’s best response to a legal advice-seeker may be the same as the answer he or she provides a professor who asks, “What would you do if a client came to you with this problem?” Namely: “I’d advise him to see a lawyer.”
Provable Implementations of Security Protocols

Proving security protocols has been a challenge ever since Needham and Schroeder threw down the gauntlet in their pioneering 1978 paper: Protocols such as those developed here are prone to extremely subtle errors that are unlikely to be detected in normal operation. The need for techniques to verify the correctness of such protocols is great, and we encourage those interested in such problems to consider this area. [12] This may not seem such a grand challenge, at first, as most cryptographic protocols can be written in half a dozen lines and involve even fewer players; the twist is the intruder, who actively interferes with proceedings: We assume that an intruder can interpose a computer on all communication paths, and thus can alter or copy parts of messages, replay messages, or emit false material. [12]
Failure-Mode Clustering for Electronics Under Shock and Vibration Using Neural-Net Based Self-Organized Maps

In this paper prognostic framework for electronic systems has been developed with neural network based self organizing maps for clustering of failure modes. The presented approach resides in the pre-failure space with a focus on electronic systems with multiple failure modes. Portable electronic products subjected to transient shock may exhibit multiple failure modes in vicinity of the interconnects. Failure is often diagnosed by loss of functionality using techniques including the built-in self test, which provides limited insight into reliability and remaining useful life. Unsupervised learning of the neural net has been used to train the neural net for identification of individual failure modes. Feature vectors have been developed based on damage pre-cursors from time-spectral measurements. The clustered damage pre-cursors have been correlated with failure modes of the underlying damage. Several chip-scale packages have been studied, with leadfree second-level interconnects including SAC305, SAC405 alloys. Transient strain has been measured during the drop-event using digital image correlation and high-speed cameras operating at 100,000 fps. Continuity has been monitored simultaneously for failure identification. In addition, explicit finite element models have been developed and various kinds of failure modes have been simulated such as solder ball cracking, trace fracture, package falloff and solder ball failure. Fault modes predicted by simulation based pre-cursors have been correlated with those from experimental data. Activation of different neurons in the lattice for various failure modes and combinations of failure modes has been demonstrated. Previously the authors have developed techniques based on statistical pattern recognition for leading indication of impending failure and detection of damage initiation and progression [Lall 2006a , 2007a , 2008]. Early classification of multiple failure modes in the pre-failure space is new.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Altered Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene Expression in Human Clinical Hypertension:

Objectives: The beta-2 adrenergic receptor is involved in mediating vasodilatation via neurohumoral and sympathetic nervous system pathways. Alterations in beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene expressio...
Anesthetic Considerations for the Patient with Breast Disease

Anesthetic management of the breast surgical patient has an important effect on patient outcome. The immediate effects can be seen with the prevention of complications such as anesthetic-associated nausea and vomiting and control of postoperative pain. The long-term effects may translate into the possible decreased risk of a breast cancer recurrence and even reduced possibility of developing distant metastases. Newer techniques for intraoperative management, including paravertebral blocks and thoracic epidurals, influence both immediate and long-term outcomes that increase patient satisfaction and prognosis.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca2+ has access to cytosolic activation and inactivation sites of skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel.

The effects of sarcoplasmic reticulum lumenal (trans) Ca2+ on cytosolic (cis) ATP-activated rabbit skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) were examined using the planar lipid bilayer method. Single channels were recorded in symmetric 0.25 M KCl media with K+ as the major current carrier. With nanomolar [Ca2+] in both bilayer chambers, the addition of 2 mM cytosolic ATP greatly increased the number of short channel openings. As lumenal [Ca2+] was increased from
Analysis Of Congruent Matrix Release, Precipitation, And Time-Distributed Containment Failure On Spent Fuel Performance

The Analytical Repository Source-Term (AREST) code has been developed for source-term evaluation of spent fuel as a final waste form in geologic repositories. AREST contains a set of analytical equations for the timedependent diffusional mass transport of both solubility-limited and inventory-limited radionuclides from a spent fuel in a failed container surrounded by a shell of packing or other porous material imbedded in a porous host rock. Three factors that affect release performance are examined: 1) congruent dissolution of the UO2 matrix, 2) chemical instability of the UO2 matrix, with precipitation of a more stable uranium phase within the waste package, and 3) the attenuation of release rate by distribution of containment failures with time. For congruent matrix dissolution, the release rates of included nuclides are proportional to the product of solubility-limited release of uranium and the fractional abundance of the nuclide. For certain conditions, congruent release rates are calculated to be up to 10 orders of magnitude lower than release rates assuming individual solubility-limits. Precipitation of a more stable, lower solubility uranium phase within the waste package is shown to increase release rates from the UO2 matrix compared to the non-precipitation case, in agreement with previous calculations. During the first 300 to 1000 years after repository closure, the distribution of containment failures with time will act to attenuate the peak average release rates of soluble, longlived nuclides, such as iodine-129, to values smaller than release rates below regulatory limits. However, for soluble nuclides with short half-lives, such as cesium-137, a broader distribution of containment failure with constant mean time of failure can actually cause an increase In the peak average release rates.
Movement Toward Androgyny in College Females Through Experiential Education

Summary College students in a course on the psychology of men and women were subjected to an experiential curriculum designed to facilitate movement towards androgyny. Students in a course on the psychology of sexuality were used as a comparison group. All Ss were given the Bem Sex Role Inventory before and after the courses. Responses were assessed on three Bem scales: masculinity, femininity, and androgyny (scored as endorsement of both masculine and feminine personality characteristics). Exposure to the psychology of men and women course led to significant change toward an androgynous perspective, while exposure to psychology of sexuality did not. At the end of the semester, females from both classes scored significantly higher in masculinity. Only comparison females made a significant move towards femininity, and only treatment females made a significant move towards androgyny. No significant changes were found in either group of male students.
Rethinking the Anarchist Canon: History, Philosophy, and Interpretation

How we define the anarchist canon—let alone how we decide which thinkers, theories, and texts should count as canonical—depends very much on what we take the purpose of the anarchist canon to be. In this essay, I distinguish between thinkers, theories, or texts that are “anarchist,” by virtue of belonging to actually-existing historical anarchist movements, and those which are “anarchist” in virtue of expressing “anarchistic” (or “anarchic”) ideas. I argue that the anarchist canon is best conceived as a repository of historically-expressed anarchistic ideas and, for this reason, should include both kinds of theories, thinkers, and texts.
Large Birefringent Materials, Na6Te4W6O29 and Na2TeW2O9: Synthesis, Structure, Crystal Growth, and Characterization

A new d0 transition metal tellurite, Na6Te4W6O29, was synthesized by solid-state methods. The material crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with the following values: a = 7.3297(3) A, b = 21.9057(9) A, c = 10.2871(3) A, β = 133.490(2)°, and Z = 2. Additionally, large crystals of Na6Te4W6O29 (13 mm × 11 mm × 10 mm) and Na2TeW2O9 (23 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) were grown by the top seeded solution growth method. In addition to the crystal growth, refractive indices were measured, and the Sellmeier equations were fitted by using the minimum deviation technique. Interestingly, the two reported compounds exhibit relatively large birefringences: Δn3 = nz – nx = 0.0828–0.1248 from 1062.6 to 450.2 nm for Na6Te4W6O29, and Δn3 = nz – nx = 0.1471–0.2069 from 1062.6 to 450.2 nm for Na2TeW2O9. The results indicate that Na6Te4W6O29 and Na2TeW2O9 may have uses in applications involving birefrigent materials.
Advertising, Alcohol, and Youth

It has often been alleged that alcoholic beverage manufacturers disproportionately target their advertising at minors instead of at people over the age of 21. Empirical analysis presented in this article challenges that allegation; alcoholic beverage manufacturers appear to target people of drinking age and people who are about to turn drinking age. Beer and spirits producers tend to advertise in magazines with more young adult readers (ages 20-24), men, and blacks. Wine advertisers tend to favor older readers (age 25+) and higher-income readers. Adolescent readers are not important statistically for any beverage - including spirits, the alcohol beverage that emphasizes magazine advertising.
Abstract A95: Prostatic alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer: A relationship which may depend on genetic variation in ALA metabolism

Previous observational studies have reported associations between prostate cancer and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the most commonly consumed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in a Western diet. However, few investigations have been able to study this relationship prospectively and in well-controlled settings. Moreover, to date, no studies have determined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence ALA metabolism are associated with this common cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between prostatic levels of ALA, SNPs and prostate cancer-specific biomarkers in samples collected from a previous randomized clinical trial conducted using a presurgical model and which tested the effects of 30 g/d of flaxseed, a rich source of ALA, for ∼30 days prior to prostatectomy (n=134). Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was determined and immunohistochemistry was used to assess tumor Ki67 staining (proliferation rate). Prostatic ALA was determined with gas chromatography. Seven previously identified SNPs (rs99780, rs174537, rs174545, rs174572, rs498793, rs3834458 and rs968567) were tested for associations with prostatic ALA, PSA and Ki67. Despite consuming nearly seven times more ALA per day, men in the flaxseed arm had similar amounts of prostatic ALA relative to men not consuming flaxseed [median (range) 0 (0-9.41) versus 0 (0-0.85), p=0.296. In unadjusted analysis, there were significant positive associations between prostatic ALA and PSA (ρ=0.191, p=0.028) and Ki67 (ρ=0.186, p=0.037). After adjusting for covariates (flaxseed, age, race, BMI and statin-use) the association between ALA and PSA remained (p=0.004) but was slightly attenuated for Ki67 (p=0.051). We did not observe associations between any of the SNPs studied and prostatic ALA; however, in models for PSA there was a significant interaction between rs498793 and ALA (p=0.017) and for Ki67 there were significant interactions with ALA and rs99780 (p=0.033) and rs174545 (p=0.047). An independent association between rs174572 and Ki67 was observed (p=0.007). This study provides evidence that prostatic ALA, independent of the amount of ALA consumed, is positively associated with biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. This study also observed for the first time that SNPs related to ALA metabolism may modify the association between ALA and prostate cancer. Citation Format: Maria Azrad, Robert W. Hardy, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Kui Zhang, Robin T. Vollmer, John Madden, Thomas Polascik, Denise C. Snyder, Mack T. Ruffin, Judd Moul, Dean Brenner. Prostatic alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer: A relationship which may depend on genetic variation in ALA metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A95.
System Modeling for SHM Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

In this paper, a methodology for system level diagnosis in the presence of heterogeneous information using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is proposed. Due to their ability to integrate heterogeneous information — information in a variety of formats from various sources — and give a probabilistic representation of a system, DBNs provide a platform naturally suited for diagnosis and uncertainty quantification therein. In the proposed methodology, a DBN is first constructed via an established machine learning algorithm from heterogeneous information. The DBN is then used to track the system and detect faults by monitoring the Bayes’ factor of the system state estimate. When a fault occurs, the underlying system model changes and the Bayes’ factor of the DBN system model decreases. The state estimate provided by tracking indicates the most likely fault scenario and quantifies the diagnosis uncertainty. Estimation of remaining useful life and quantification of uncertainty in prognosis can then proceed based upon the diagnosis results. The proposed methodology is then demonstrated using a cantilever beam example with a possible loose bolt at the connection or a crack in the middle of the span. for cantilever beam. Nomenclature B = Bayes’ factor DBN = dynamic Bayesian network MAP = Maximum a posteriori estimate MMSE = Minimum mean-square estimate PF = Particle filter SIS = Sequential importance sampling