cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Support for Liver Transplantation: Identifying Caloric and Protein Requirements

Objective To characterize the caloric and protein requirements of patients with end-stage liver disease before and for 28 days after liver transplantation. Design We prospectively assessed 16 adult patients who were scheduled to undergo liver transplantation between December 1989 and September 1990. Material and Methods Nitrogen balance, 24-hour urinary creatinine, 3-methylhistidine, and resting energy expenditure were determined before transplantation and on days 1,3,5,14, and 28 after transplantation. The investigators were unaware of the results of these measurements, and patients were fed in accordance with a previously established clinical protocol. Results Resting energy expenditure did not increase from preoperative values; however, urinary nitrogen and 3-methylhistidine increased significantly after liver transplantation, an indication of protein catabolism from a myofibrillar source. A negative nitrogen balance persisted for 28 days postoperatively. Conclusion We recommend that caloric intake be determined by using the formulation provided by the Harris-Benedict equation at ideal body weight plus 20%. We also recommend that intake of protein be adjusted on the basis of preoperative nutritional assessment, perioperative hepatic and renal function, and results of tests used to measure the adequacy of administered protein. Parenterally or enterally administered protein of more than 1.2 g/kg daily should be well tolerated in most patients who have undergone liver transplantation.
Adults' Memories of Childhood: True and False Reports.

In 3 experiments, the authors examined factors that, according to the source-monitoring framework, might influence false memory formation and true/false memory discernment. In Experiment 1, combined effects of warning and visualization on false childhood memory formation were examined, as were individual differences in true and false childhood memories. Combining warnings and visualization led to the lowest false memory and highest true memory. Several individual difference factors (e.g., parental fearful attachment style) predicted false recall. In addition, true and false childhood memories differed (e.g., in amount of information). Experiment 2 examined relations between Deese/Roediger–McDermott task performance and false childhood memories. Deese/Roediger–McDermott performance (e.g., intrusion of unrelated words in free recall) was associated with false childhood memory, suggesting liberal response criteria in source decisions as a common underlying mechanism. Experiment 3 investigated adults’ abilities to discern true and false childhood memory reports (e.g., by detecting differences in amount of information as identified in Experiment 1). Adults who were particularly successful in discerning such reports indicated reliance on event plausibility. Overall, the source-monitoring framework provided a viable explanatory framework. Implications for theory and clinical and forensic interviews are discussed.
Intravesical phallus in cloacal exstrophy

We report a case of a fused phallus located within the urinary bladder in a child with cloacal exstrophy. Surgical exploration revealed a phallus formed by fusion of the left and right corpus cavernosum and completely covered by bladder urothelium. The phallus was surgically separated from the bladder and mobilized to a more normal position and a neourethra created from tubularized bladder urothelium. Skin coverage was done using perineal skin flaps to cover the penile shaft, with the bladder urothelium covering the tip of the phallus being left intact to provide the appearance of a glans penis.
Role of N-Linked Glycosylation of the 5-HT2A Receptor in JC Virus Infection

JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus and the causative agent of the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV infection of host cells is dependent on interactions with cell surface asparagine (N)-linked sialic acids and the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R). The 5-HT 2A R contains five potential N-linked glycosylation sites on the extracellular N terminus. Glycosylation of other serotonin receptors is essential for expression, ligand binding, and receptor function. Also, glycosylation of cellular receptors has been reported to be important for JCV infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that the 5-HT 2A R N-linked glycosylation sites are required for JCV infection. Treatment of 5-HT 2A R-expressing cells with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, reduced JCV infection. Individual mutation of each of the five N-linked glycosylation sites did not affect the capacity of 5-HT 2A R to support JCV infection and did not alter the cell surface expression of the receptor. However, mutation of all five N-linked glycosylation sites simultaneously reduced the capacity of 5-HT 2A R to support infection and altered the cell surface expression. Similarly, tunicamycin treatment reduced the cell surface expression of 5-HT 2A R. Mutation of all five N-linked glycosylation sites or tunicamycin treatment of cells expressing wild-type 5-HT 2A R resulted in an altered electrophoretic mobility profile of the receptor. Treatment of cells with PNGase F, to remove N-linked oligosaccharides from the cell surface, did not affect JCV infection in 5-HT 2A R-expressing cells. These data affirm the importance of 5-HT 2A R as a JCV receptor and demonstrate that the sialic acid component of the receptor is not directly linked to 5-HT 2A R.
Decreased VEGF expression and microvascular density, but increased HIF-1 and 2α accumulation and EPO expression in chronic moderate hyperoxia in the mouse brain

Normal brain function is dependent on continuous and controlled oxygen delivery. Chronic moderate hypoxia leads to angiogenesis, suggesting a modulatory role for oxygen in determining capillary density. The objective of this study was to determine physiologic and brain angiogenic adaptational changes during chronic moderate normobaric hyperoxia in mice. Four-month old C56BL/6J mice were kept in a normobaric chamber at 50% O(2) for up to 3 weeks. Normoxic littermates were kept in the same room outside the chamber. Freshly collected or fixed brain specimens were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results show accumulation of hypoxia inducible factors 1 and 2α (HIF-1 and 2α), and increased expression of erythropoietin (EPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Conversely, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor-2 (KDR/Flk-1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and prolylhydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) expressions were decreased. VEGF mRNA level was diminished but there was no change in HIF-1α mRNA and von Hippel Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase (VHL) protein expression. Microvascular density was significantly diminished by the end of the 3rd week of hyperoxia. Overall, our results are: (1) increased expression of the potent neuroprotective molecule, EPO; (2) diminished expression of the potent angiogenic factor, VEGF; and (3) decreased microvascular density. We can, therefore, conclude that brain microvascular density can be controlled by HIF-independent mechanisms, and that brain capillary density is a continuously adjusted variable with tissue oxygen availability as one of the controlling modulators.
A case of acute suppurative thyroiditis complicated by thyrotoxicosis

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a very uncommon disorder, most often arising in children with congenital conditions connecting the thyroid directly to the oropharynx, such as a piriform fistula or thyroglossal duct. Accordingly, the most common causative agents are those which can colonize the oral mucosa and spread to the thyroid contiguously, such as Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species and anerobes. In adults, a hematogenous spread to a pre-existing altered thyroid gland is often the postulated pathogenetic mechanism, and it is exceedingly rare in the United States. We report the case of an 81-yr-old woman with acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection. The patient presented with fevers, chills, dysuria and recent painful neck swelling. Thyroid ultrasound and neck computed tomography revealed a multinodular goiter and an intra-thyroid abscess. An otolaryngology evaluation and barium swallow failed to show a piriform fistula. Thyroid hormone levels were consistent with hyperthyroidism. Urine cultures were positive for E. coli. The patient subsequently developed a clinical picture consistent with severe thyrotoxicosis, which rapidly resolved after medical treatment, appropriate antibiotics and surgical drainage of the thyroid. Abscess material also grew E. coli. Thus, acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to sepsis can complicate an otherwise asymptomatic multinodular goiter and should be promptly treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or surgical drainage to avoid serious consequences, including severe thyrotoxicosis.
X-ray radiation by ultrashort pulse lasers

Laser pulses with high intensity (up to 1018 W/cm2) and short duration (100 fs) were focused on gases and solids. The result was ionized material, and emission of short pulse x-rays and unicycle electromagnetic pulses with subpicosecond duration.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pollinator-mediated competition influences selection for flower-color displacement in sympatric monkeyflowers

Premise of study When coflowering plant species share pollinators, pollinator-mediated competition may favor divergent floral characters associated with pollinator attraction. One potential outcome of this process is that sympatric populations will display increased divergence in floral traits compared with allopatric populations. We developed a new system to study the pattern and process of character displacement. In the central Sierra Nevada of California, USA, Mimulus bicolor is a spring wildflower with two flower-color morphs, one of which resembles coflowering M. guttatus. Methods We documented a fine-scale geographic pattern of character displacement in sympatric and allopatric patches and, using experimental arrays, measured seed set in M. bicolor color morphs in the presence versus absence of M. guttatus. Key results In sympatric arrays yellow, guttatus-like M. bicolor morphs had lower relative fitness (0.35 ± 0.05) and reduced conspecific pollen deposition compared with the distinct alternative morph, whereas in allopatric arrays yellow, guttatus-like morphs were occasionally strongly favored. Conclusions Pollinator-mediated competition with M. guttatus is consistent with ecological character displacement in M. bicolor and likely contributes to a geographic pattern of character displacement.
Two-dimensional crystallization of streptavidin studied by quantitative Brewster angle microscopy

Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) is extended to probe protein adsorption and aggregation processes at interfaces quantitatively. Since no p-polarized light is reflected from the plain air−water inte...
Circuit Analysis of Impedance-based Health Monitoring of Beams Using Spectral Elements:

A model is generally not needed for the basic damage identification problem when using the electromechanical impedance-based method of structural health monitoring (SHM). However, modeling becomes ...
Fibre-type specificity and effect of thyroid hormone on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in normal and denervated skeletal muscles of the rat

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increases following denervation of rat skeletal muscle. The specificity of this effect to muscle fibre type was studied. Basal activity of the dehydrogenase was higher in soleus, a muscle composed predominantly of type I fibres, than in extensor digitorum longus, a muscle composed predominantly of type IIa and b fibres. The enzymatic activity of the soleus was also greater than that of the red (RQ) and white (WQ) portions of quadriceps muscle (predominantly type IIa and type IIb fibres, respectively). Following denervation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in extensor digitorum longus and RQ, but not in WQ or the soleus. Following chronic treatment of rats with 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, which converts type I muscle fibres to type II, the dehydrogenase activity increased in both denervated soleus and extensor digitorum longus. It is concluded that the effect of denervation on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is selective for type IIa (fast oxidative-glycolytic) muscle fibres.
Catechol and Humic Acid Sorption onto a Range of Laboratory-Produced Black Carbons (Biochars)

Although the major influence of black carbon (BC) on soil and sediment organic contaminant sorption is widely accepted, an understanding of the mechanisms and natural variation in pyrogenic carbon interaction with natural organic matter (NOM) is lacking. The sorption of a phenolic NOM monomer (catechol) and humic acids (HA) onto BC was examined using biochars made from oak, pine, and grass at 250, 400, and 650 degrees C. Catechol sorption equilibrium occurred after 14 d and was described by a diffusion kinetic model, while HA required only 1 d and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Catechol sorption capacity increased with increasing biochar combustion temperature, from pine < oak < grass and from coarse < fine particle size. At lower catechol concentrations, sorption affinity (Freundlich constant, K(f)) was directly related to micropore surface area (measured via CO(2) sorptometry) indicating the predominance of specific adsorption. In contrast, HA exhibited an order of magnitude less sorption (0.1% versus 1%, by weight) due to its exclusion from micropores. Greater sorption of both catechol and HA occurred on biochars with nanopores, i.e. biochars made at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that addition of BC to soil, via natural fires or biochar amendments, will sequester abundant native OM through sorption.
The indifferent fiber plexus and its relationship to principal fibers of the periodontium

Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate the presence of an indifferent fiber plexus as an integral part of periodontia in the rat, dog, armadillo and man. Individual fibers measure 1400 A in diameter in scanning electron micrographs. The indifferent fibers course in every direction throughout the area between bone and cementum without particular orientation. They anastomose extensively with the principal fibers to form a continuous fibrous matrix. Anastomoses with principal fibers begin adjacent to bone or cementum and increase until the indifferent fiber plexus reaches maximum density a short distance from the mineralized matrix. At this point a principal fiber may lose its structural identity as it blends with the profusion of indifferent fibers. This phenomenon occurs in all species studied but is more evident in the relatively unstressed teeth of armadillos. In the dog, principal fibers may extend from cementum to bone as highly compact structures. Anastomoses between principal and indifferent fibers often occur via fibers of intermediate size. The latter fibers become more oriented as their fiber diameters increase. Gingival fibers of the rat, in contrast to principal fibers of the alveolodental ligament, rarely consist of compact fiber bundles. Instead, fibers of indifferent and intermediate size aggregate to form gingival cords in which component fibers are readily distinguishable.
SOLUBLE SALTS AND CLAY WARES

A resume of the present knowledge of the causes and the prevention of “Scum” and “Efflorescence.” It is proposed that the term “Efflorescence” be restricted to designate the surface deposits appearing because of the presence of soluble salts in the clays or burned wares and that the term “Scum” be used to describe the salts formed by the action of gases upon the wares during the drying or burning operations. Mention is made of the formation of a surface coating upon the ware soon after the kiln is opened, sometimes not appearing until some days after the ware is removed from the kiln. This scum is readily and permanently removed by the application of water. Such a residue was found to consist of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. It is suggested that its formation was due to the presence of sodium chloride in the fuel and its subsequent deposition on the burned ware where it was changed in part to the sulfate by the action of the oxides of sulfur evolved from the fuel.
Ki Hang Kim's Contribution to the Mathematical Social Sciences

Most pure mathematicians recognize that applied mathematics is an inexhaustible source of new problems and fresh perspectives on old ones. But very rare are those who actually spend a significant part of their intellectual trajectory modeling relevant applied questions with significant mathematical tools. Ki Hang Kim was one of these precious scholars who greatly contributed to the development of formal models in the social sciences, by regularly crossing the bridge to economics, psychology, or political sciences, and contributing remarkable papers in those disciplines. He published on consensus theory in the Journal of Mathematical Psychology, then in the Journal of Economic Theory on preference aggregation and decision theory. I saw his name first in his work on voting theory, where he discovered several new restricted domains of preferences with non dictatorial voting rules (Math. Social Sci. 1980). He even contributed to pure game theory (Math. Social Sci. 1982, and 1984) and its applications to industrial competition (Math. Social Sci. 1988). In the community of mathematical social scientists, Ki Hang Kim will be remembered mostly for the launching in 1980 of a new journal where all mathematical techniques used throughout social sciences would reflect on one another, and where the work of pure mathematicians with an applied flavor would be welcome. The birth of Mathematical Social Sciences was very timely, just about when the social sciences disciplines started to embrace Game Theory and Social Choice Theory. I had the privilege to succeed Ki Hang at the helm of the journal in 1993, and do my part to make of his brainchild a high quality scholarly outlet with a distinct personality, and a very bright future.
Helix stability in succinylated and acetylated ovalbumins: effect of high pH, urea and guanidine hydrochloride

Abstract Previous studies (Batra, P.P., Roebuck, M.A. and Uetrecht, D. (1990) J. Protein Chem. 9, 37–44) showed that succinylation or acetylation of 75% of the lysine residues has little effect on the secondary structure of ovalbumin. The acylation of the remaining 25% lysine residues, which apparently are partially buried, results in a substantial loss of the helical structure. These conformational changes may be due not only to electrostatic repulsions introduced by succinylation or acetylation of the positively charged e-amino groups but also to steric hindrance, since an increase in the ionic strength failed to reverse the loss of the helical structure. An increase in pH to 12.2 results in a complete helix-to-coil transition in the maximally succinylated ovalbumin (but not in the partially succinylated or in any of the acetylated ovalbumins including the maximally acetylated derivative), perhaps because it is most expanded and its molecular interior most accessible to solvent as succinylation replaces +1 charge of e-amino group with a −1 charge so that a net of −2 charge per succinyl group is placed on the protein molecule. This helix-to-coil transition in the maximally succinylated ovalbumin induced by high pH is fully reversed by increasing the ionic strength, indicating that only electrostatic effects are responsible for this disruption. Studies have also shown that although there is no loss of the helical structure until after the 75% surface lysine residues have been acylated, the helical structure does become progressively destabilized with increasing degree of modification, a conclusion drawn from urea unfolding curves. This destabilization of the helical structure is due primarily to electrostatic effects, as an increase in the ionic strength led to an increase in the urea transition mid-point. Unlike urea, the guanidine hydrochloride unfolding curves indicate that the transition mid-point for the native protein, as well as for the maximally succinylated and acetylated derivatives, is about the same, perhaps because the denaturant itself acts as an electrolyte.
A new method for producing graded index PMMA waveguides

We report a new method for producing graded index polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) waveguides using optical densification by angled X-ray exposure. The resulting larger refractive index near the surface of the waveguide serves to better isolate the guided light from potentially absorbing or scattering substrates than in waveguides of constant refractive index. We calculate that a 65/spl deg/ angle exposure in 6-/spl mu/m-thick planar PMMA waveguide shifts the peak of the fundamental mode profile /spl sim/0.5 /spl mu/m away from the substrate. Consistent with this result, we measure a reduction in the propagation loss of PMMA planar waveguides on a Ni substrate from 1.5 dB/cm to 0.5 dB/cm after angle X-ray exposure. >
The effect of adsorption and Knudsen diffusion on the steady-state permeability of microporous rocks

ABSTRACTMicroporous rocks are being increasingly researched as novel exploration and development technologies facilitate production of the reserves confined in the low-permeability reservoir. The ability to numerically estimate effective permeability is pivotal to characterizing the production capability of microporous reservoirs. In this study, a novel methodology is presented for estimating the steady-state effective permeability from FIB-SEM volumes. We quantify the effect of a static adsorbed monolayer and Knudsen diffusion on effective permeability as a function of pore pressure to better model production of microporous rock volumes. The adsorbed layer is incorporated by generating an effective pore geometry with a pore pressure-dependent layer of immobile voxels at the fluid-solid interface. Due to the steady-state nature of this study, surface diffusion within the adsorbed layer and topological variations of the layer within pores are neglected, potentially resulting in underestimation of effective...
Development of an Optimal Operating Strategy for a Combined Heat, Power and Hydrogen System

The operation of a combined heat, power and hydrogen (HPH) system is analyzed. In this system, hydrogen from a natural gas fuel processor is compressed, stored and used to fuel fleet vehicles. The hydrogen is also supplied to a building fuel cell system that provides both electricity and hot water for space heating and water heating. An approach is developed to optimize the operation of an HPH system. The approach is illustrated by application to a laboratory/office building that is part of a large industrial facility which also operates a fleet of vehicles. Results show that, for the assumed first cost values of the fuel processor and fuel cell, coupling a stationary fuel cell system to a vehicle refueling system provides economical refueling for smaller vehicle fleets and increases the economic value of the refueling station at all fleet sizes. For larger fleet sizes, the combined HPH system offers higher economic value than a stationary fuel cell system alone. A sensitivity study shows that for a natural gas cost of $0.0065/MJ and an electrical demand cost that exceeds $7.50/kW, the HPH system yields a greater net present value than an independent vehicle refueling system.
Aortic valve-sparing repair with autologous pericardial leaflet extension has a greater early re-operation rate in congenital versus acquired valve disease.

Objective: We sought to establish whether there was a difference in outcome after aortic valve repair with autologous pericardial leaflet extension in acquired versus congenital valvular disease.Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight patients underwent reparative aortic valve surgery at our institution from 1997 through 2005 for acquired or congenital aortic valve disease. The acquired group (43/128) (34%) had a mean age of 56.4 20.3 years (range, 7.8—84.6 years) and the congenital group (85/128) (66%) had a mean age of 16.9 19.2 years (range, 0.3—82 years). The endpoints of the study were mortality and reoperation rates.Results:Thirty-day mortality was 0/43 (0%) in the congenital group and 1/85 (1.1%) in the acquired group. Late mortality in the acquired group was 3/43 (7%) and 3/84 (3.5%) in the congenital group (neither early nor late proportion of mortality is significantly different between the two groups, according to the nonparametric Binomial test for proportions). There were 13 total reoperations among 11 patients: 1/43 (2.3%) in the acquired group and 10/85 (11.7%) in the congenital group (p = 0.07). Two patients from the congenital group were reoperated on twice. The mean interval between original repair and reoperation was 3.6 5 years (range, 0—7 years) for acquired and 3.5 2.5 years (range, 0—7 years) for the congenital group (Wilcoxon 2sample test, p = 0.7). Total early reoperation rate (<30 days after first surgery) was 11/128 (8.5%); for the congenital group 9/85 (10.5%) and for the acquired group 2/43 (4.6%). Early reoperation rate was significantly higher among the congenital group (p = 0.013). The remaining patients are well at mean follow-up of 2.8 2.4 years (range 0—7.9). In the acquired group, the mean postoperative aortic regurgitation and stenosis grade by echocardiography was 0.5 0.3 (scale, 0—4) and 0.3 0.1, respectively. In the congenital group, the follow-up, mean aortic regurgitation and stenosis were 0.9 0.8 and 0.5 0.3, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in early or late mortality and late reoperation rate between the two groups. Early reoperation rate was higher in the congenital versus the acquired aortic valvular disease group. This study supports the fact that the valve-sparing technique is safe and reproducible and repeatable in patients with acquired valve disease. # 2007 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Progress with High-Field Superconducting Magnets for High-Energy Colliders

One of the possible next steps for high-energy physics research relies on a high-energy hadron or muon collider. The energy of a circular collider is limited by the strength of bending dipoles, and its maximum luminosity is determined by the strength of final focus quadrupoles. For this reason, the high-energy physics and accelerator communities have shown much interest in higher-field and higher-gradient superconducting accelerator magnets. The maximum field of NbTi magnets used in all present high-energy machines, including the LHC, is limited to ∼10 T at 1.9 K. Fields above 10 T became possible with the use of Nb3Sn superconductors. Nb3Sn accelerator magnets can provide operating fields up to ∼15 T and can significantly increase the coil temperature margin. Accelerator magnets with operating fields above 15 T require high-temperature superconductors. This review discusses the status and main results of Nb3Sn accelerator magnet research and development and work toward 20-T magnets.
QA-Pagelet: data preparation techniques for large-scale data analysis of the deep Web

This paper presents the QA-Pagelet as a fundamental data preparation technique for large-scale data analysis of the deep Web. To support QA-Pagelet extraction, we present the Thor framework for sampling, locating, and partioning the QA-Pagelets from the deep Web. Two unique features of the Thor framework are 1) the novel page clustering for grouping pages from a deep Web source into distinct clusters of control-flow dependent pages and 2) the novel subtree filtering algorithm that exploits the structural and content similarity at subtree level to identify the QA-Pagelets within highly ranked page clusters. We evaluate the effectiveness of the Thor framework through experiments using both simulation and real data sets. We show that Thor performs well over millions of deep Web pages and over a wide range of sources, including e-commerce sites, general and specialized search engines, corporate Web sites, medical and legal resources, and several others. Our experiments also show that the proposed page clustering algorithm achieves low-entropy clusters, and the subtree filtering algorithm identifies QA-Pagelets with excellent precision and recall.
Heart Failure Worsening and Exacerbation After Venlafaxine and Duloxetine Therapy

Objective:To report 2 cases of worsened heart failure (HF) after the introduction of venlafaxine or duloxetine therapy in patients with previously stable disease.Case Summaries:Two patients, a 39-year-old female and a 68-year-old male, both diagnosed with HF of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, had worsening symptoms in the presence of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) venlafaxine 75 mg twice daily and/or duloxetine 30–60 mg/day. Both patients developed tachycardia, which remitted after the discontinuation of these agents. The woman was rechallenged with duloxetine 60 mg daily after her HF worsened with venlafaxine, only to have the tachycardia and HF symptoms return. Other iatrogenic causes and metabolic disturbances (eg, anemia) were ruled out.Discussion:increased levels of norepinephrine secondary to reuptake inhibition may be potentially deleterious in patients with chronic HF of left ventricular dysfunction owing to the “progressive HF model” and neurohormonal compensa...
Gfi/Pag-3/Senseless Zinc Finger Proteins: a Unifying Theme?

The growth factor independence 1 (Gfi-1) zinc finger (ZF) protein and its homologs have been implicated in processes as diverse as oncogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, cell fate specification, and differentiation. Studies with vertebrates have focused mostly on hematopoietic lineages whereas research with Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila has focused on the nervous system. However, recent reports have shown that Gfi-1 is also expressed in neurons in mice and zebra fish. In this review, we attempt to summarize the available data and elaborate on the similarities and differences between expression patterns, loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes, and modes of action of these genes. We draw parallels between several in vivo observations in which Gfi-1 and its homologs seem to cooperate with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors in different tissues. These observations suggest new hypotheses for the roles and interactions of Gfi/Pag-3/Senseless (GPS) proteins in different organisms. Finally, we present data which suggest that GPS proteins may play a critical role in determination or early differentiation of many cell types.
Modeling neural information transfer via sample and hold circuits

Summary form only given, as follows. A class of protein polymers called microtubules (MTs), thought to be responsible for information transfer at the cellular level, was modeled. Specifically, the electron transfer was modeled as taking place in a bucket brigade fashion, using a specialized matrix of sample and hold circuits to retain charge at various MT sites. A set of pulse transfer waveforms is given in addition to a sequence of pulse trains to describe a possible directional transfer among sites, based upon genetic, polymerization, or other effects. >
Imaging the biogenesis of individual HIV-1 virions in live cells

Observations of individual virions in live cells have led to the characterization of their attachment, entry and intracellular transport. However, the assembly of individual virions has never been observed in real time. Insights into this process have come primarily from biochemical analyses of populations of virions or from microscopic studies of fixed infected cells. Thus, some assembly properties, such as kinetics and location, are either unknown or controversial. Here we describe quantitatively the genesis of individual virions in real time, from initiation of assembly to budding and release. We studied fluorescently tagged derivatives of Gag, the major structural component of HIV-1-which is sufficient to drive the assembly of virus-like particles-with the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and total-internal-reflection fluorescent microscopy in living cells. Virions appeared individually at the plasma membrane, their assembly rate accelerated as Gag protein accumulated in cells, and typically 5-6 min was required to complete the assembly of a single virion. These approaches allow a previously unobserved view of the genesis of individual virions and the determination of parameters of viral assembly that are inaccessible with conventional techniques.
TERTIARY TILTING AND DISMEMBERMENT OF THE LARAMIDE ARC AND RELATED HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS, SIERRITA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA

Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50° to 60° to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and geobarometry indicate that the area is segmented into at least three major structural blocks, and the present surface corresponds to oblique sections through the Laramide plutonic-hydrothermal complex, ranging in paleodepth from ~1 to ~12 km. These results add to an evolving view of a north-south extensional domain at high angles to much extension in the southern Basin and Range, contrast with earlier interpretations that the Laramide systems are largely upright and dismembered by thrust faults, highlight the necessity of restoring Tertiary rotations before interpreting Laramide structural and hydrothermal features, and add to the broader understanding of pluton emplacement and evolution of porphyry copper systems.
Nonprosthetic glenoid arthroplasty with humeral hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty yield similar self-assessed outcomes in the management of comparable patients with glenohumeral arthritis

The risk of glenoid component failure has led us to explore nonprosthetic glenoid arthroplasty coupled with humeral hemiarthroplasty, the "ream and run" (R&R) procedure, for the management of glenohumeral arthritis in active patients. We hypothesized that patients having a R&R procedure would have outcomes comparable with those of similar patients having a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). A case-matched control study compared 35 consecutive patients (32 men, 3 women) with an average age of 56 years, after R&R with matched controls having TSA. The respective Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores for the R&R and TSA groups were 4.5 and 4.0 before surgery, 7.8 and 9.6 at 12 months, 8.3 and 10.2 at 18 months, 8.9 and 9.4 at 24 months, 9.4 and 9.6 at 30 months, and 9.5 and 10.0 at 36 months. The "ream and run" procedure can offer similar functional recovery to patients with total shoulder arthroplasty, although the time to recovery may be longer.
Morphological delimitation and molecular evidence for allopolyploidy in Collomia wilkenii (Polemoniaceae), a new species from northern Nevada.

Abstract Under the criterion of limited homogenizing gene flow as evidenced through specimen aggregation analysis, and genetic evidence of a barrier to gene exchange with its closest relatives, we describe a new species in Polemoniaceae, Collomia wilkenii. Collomia wilkenii superficially resembles Collomia tinctoria and Collomia linearis in some features, but, upon examination, has consistent, unique character combinations that distinguish it from both species, as well as from sympatric Collomia renacta and Collomia tenella. These features include particulars of calyx morphology, corolla morphology, stamen insertion and exertion, numbers of flowers in inflorescence clusters, and the kinds and distribution of glandular and eglandular trichomes. Comparative DNA sequencing of chloroplast genes indicates Collomia wilkenii has the chloroplast genome of Collomia tenella. Nuclear ITS sequences show additivity in Collomia wilkenii between Collomia linearis and Collomia tenella, a pattern confirmed by cloning this...
Model building and intelligent acquisition with application to protein subcellular location classification

Motivation: We present a framework and algorithms to intelligently acquire movies of protein subcellular location patterns by learning their models as they are being acquired, and simultaneously determining how many cells to acquire as well as how many frames to acquire per cell. This is motivated by the desire to minimize acquisition time and photobleaching, given the need to build such models for all proteins, in all cell types, under all conditions. Our key innovation is to build models during acquisition rather than as a post-processing step, thus allowing us to intelligently and automatically adapt the acquisition process given the model acquired. Results: We validate our framework on protein subcellular location classification, and show that the combination of model building and intelligent acquisition results in time and storage savings without loss of classification accuracy, or alternatively, higher classification accuracy for the same total acquisition time. Availability and implementation: The data and software used for this study will be made available upon publication at http://murphylab.web.cmu.edu/software and http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jelenak/Software. Contact: jelenak@cmu.edu
A deterministic process for fabrication and assembly of single carbon nanotube based devices

Due to the unique electrical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT), CNT is often chosen as a building block for nanosystems or nanodevice. The most challenging part in fabricating nanosystems could be the formation of CNT connections. Existing techniques in forming CNT connections, such as dielectrophoresis, direct growth, E-beam lithography and self assembly are suffered from problems in forming a single CNT connection or not being able to precisely deposit CNTs on specific locations. Thus, it is highly desired to have an efficient way to manipulate single CNT in a controllable manner. In this paper, by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomanipulation system, a reliable method is developed to fabricate electrodes with gaps in nano scale and to make connections between CNTs and electrodes. It is a valuable way for furthering the study of CNT properties and the development of CNT-based nanosystems.
NNexus: Towards an Automatic Linker for a Massively-Distributed Collaborative Corpus

Collaborative online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly popular. In order to understand an article in a corpus a user must understand the related and underlying concepts through linked articles. In this paper, we introduce NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking component of PlanetMath.org and the first system that automates the process of linking encyclopedia entries into a semantic network of concepts. We discuss the challenges, present the conceptual models as well as specific mechanisms of NNexus system, and discuss some of our ongoing and completed works.
History of chronic comorbidity and risk of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma not receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis

AbstractWe conducted a cohort study to examine the association between a wide variety of chronic comorbidities and risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from 2000 to 2009 treated with chemotherapy at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. History of comorbidities and FN events were identified using electronic medical records. Cox model adjusting for propensity score was used to determine the association between a comorbid condition and FN. Models that additionally adjusted for cancer stage, baseline absolute neutrophil count, chemotherapy regimen and dose reduction were also evaluated. A total of 2480 patients with NHL were included, and 60% received CHOP/R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, with or without rituximab). In total, 236 (9.5%) patients developed FN in the first chemotherapy cycle. Anemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [1.2–2.2]), HIV infection (HR = 3.8 [2.0–6.7]) and rheumatoid diseases (HR = 2.4 [1...
Combined spinal-epidural techniques in obstetrics

The modern application of the combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique to obstetric care represents the culmination of nearly 100 years in the evolution of regional anesthetic techniques for obstetrics. CSE combines the advantages of rapid, consistent spinal blockade with the flexibility of drug administration via an epidural catheter. These advantages have been best realized in the setting of labor analgesia where the CSE technique has been most recently employed to achieve ambulatory labor analgesia. In this setting, the rapid onset of profound analgesia and the absence of motor blockade characteristic of CSE have been associated with high degrees of maternal satisfaction and increasing popularity among practitioners. In the setting of cesarean delivery, the CSE technique has provided practitioners with added flexibility for the safe management of the high-risk parturient.
Taming wind power with better forecasts

Wind energy. It’s clean. It’s renewable. Its potential is enormous. But to draw energy from the wind and send it to people’s homes reliably and efficiently, you have to know when the wind will blow and when it won’t. When it stops or changes rapidly, you have to be ready to substitute power from another source. And because such sources aren’t always available at a moment’s notice, you need this information many hours and even several days ahead. None of this matters much if the wind supplies only a small percentage of the electricity going into the power grid. But several countries have already gone far beyond that, and more will soon, as wind is now the fastest growing source of energy in the world. Denmark already gets 28 percent of its electrical power from the wind and has at times drawn all of its electrical energy from wind turbines. The wind is already providing 20 percent or more of the electricity for several U.S. states, including Iowa, Kansas, and South Dakota. Colorado, for example, has at times obtained 60 percent of its electric power from the wind. And the United States as a whole will likely produce 20 percent of its electricity from wind power within 15 years. Even though they can’t
United They’re Cited: Impact of a Social Work Coauthor Network

Social work has emphasized the importance of the social environment, and social networks are an important means of understanding the social environment. The scholarship of a journal coauthor network provided important findings and an example. Prior theory and research suggested there are more citations from the center of coauthor networks than at the periphery. Using abductive logic, complexity theory, social network analysis, and tabular analysis of a social work coauthor network, the center of the network was found to produce more citations than the periphery. Both the prestige of coauthors’ setting and position were modestly associated with network centrality and citations. The functionality of citations, which includes the contribution to good scholarship, is questioned. Areas of further research and issues of evaluating coauthored scholarship are discussed. Placing greater value on coauthoring and publishing with less prominent coauthors for tenure and similar decisions is recommended.
Strengths and Limitations of the Electronic Health Record for Documenting Clinical Events

The purpose of this research was to compare nurses' perceptions of the strengths and limitations of the electronic health record with and without nursing languages for documenting and retrieving patient information regarding a clinical event. The effectiveness of the electronic health record to facilitate nurse-to-nurse communication is not well understood. Furthermore, little is known how nurse-to-nurse communication influences patient safety and failure-to-rescue events. This qualitative study used a descriptive design in which open-ended, semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 registered nurses. Qualitative content analysis produced 260 thematic units from which five categories emerged: usability, legibility, communication, workarounds, and collaboration. Nurses perceived aspects of usability as strengths (retrievability) and limitations (lack of efficiency and barriers) of the electronic health record. Furthermore, within the category communication, lack of relevance of the documentation was also viewed as a limitation by the nurses. Nurses suggested that they be involved in electronic health record decisions and that hospitals try to reduce the identified barriers to electronic health record use.
Control Strategy and System Test of Cheng-Bi 220 kV Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation

Thyristor controlled series compensation(TCSC) can be used to improve conveying capacity of long distance and weak contact power system,damp low-frequency oscillation and improve stability of power system.TCSC can produce more useful effect with reasonable control policy.The control strategy of Cheng-Bi line 220 kV TCSC system is designed mainly for the two stages of power system transient stability and damping oscillation.The controller is composed of impedance control component element,damping control component element,transient stability control component element,protection component element and time delay component element.System field test demonstrates that Cheng-Bi line 220 kV TCSC system can adjust impedance smoothly and quickly,damp the low frequency oscillation effectively and improve system stability greatly.
The economy, societal change, and international trade

After more than a century of conquest and territorial expansion the Mughal emperor, Aurangazeb, possessed enormous resources. At the heart of Mughal finance was the revenue system which taxed agricultural production and urban trade. By the end of seventeenth century, the rural society was entered into a quickening process of change. For the century under review the rural economy of Mughal India prospered. The Mughal revenue system was biassed in favor of higher value cash crops like indigo, cotton, sugar-cane, tree-crops, or opium. Over time the stability of the Mughal agrarian system strengthened the contractual position of zamindars at all levels. During the seventeenth century economic growth in Mughal India was stimulated by the growing importance of a new, external connection: the link between Mughal India and early modern Europe. A recent analysis concludes that the Dutch trade, which primarily imported precious metals, caused a real increase in Bengal's output and income.
Development of Transportation Asset Management and Data Collection System (TAMS) Using Mobile Applications

Abstract The Transportation Asset Management System (TAMS) is a system which utilizes mobile devices to collect, manage, and update transportation asset data in the field. TAMS front-end was developed as mobile apps for multiple platforms (Android and iOS) providing the capability to collect and edit spatial and attribute information for transportation related assets. The back-end system was developed to manage user accounts, maintain security and integrity of the data collection process, provide the ability to synchronize data collected by multiple users, and exporting data into multiple formats for use outside of TAMS. The development of TAMS provides a cost-effective and efficient system for transportation agencies and professionals to collect new data and update existing database.