cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Euclidean loop expansion for massive λΦ{ 4 / 4 }: Through one loop

As an application of the theory of solutions of the classical, Euclidean field equation, we prove the existence of solutions to the renormalized functional field equation, for the λΦ4 interaction in four Euclidean space dimensions, with non-negative λ and nonzero mass, through orderℏc. That is, we prove that the functional derivative of the connected generating functional is in the Schwartz space Reℒ(R4), when evaluated at external sources in Reℒ, through orderℏc. We also prove the existence of all functional derivatives of the connected generating functional through the same order. All quantities of interest are analytic in the coupling constant at 0≦λ<∞, and continuous in the external source.
Fabrication of 2D ordered films of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): processing morphology correlations for convective assembly.

Biological colloids, and in particular viruses, have demonstrated substantial potential as scaffolds for nanoparticle arrays. However, the large-area, low-cost, and rapid assembly of viruses, such as by traditional colloidal processing techniques, is not well-established. Systematic exploration of processing space (virus concentration, assembly speed, and substrate surface energy) for the convective assembly method enables the fabrication of films of rod-shaped viruses (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) with a high degree of long-range order. Monolayer assemblies several centimeters in length are comprised of TMV aligned parallel to the direction of assembly. Increasing TMV concentration and reducing assembly speed resulted in well-ordered viral layering (N = 2 to N = 12); however, the top virus layer exhibits varying degrees of in-plane disorder.
Occupational Components of Educational Differences in Income

Abstract The relationship between income and education, with occupation held constant, can be ascertained indirectly from incompletely cross-tabulated data, making use of formulas involved in the analysis of covariance. The between-occupation component of the difference in income level between categories of educational attainment is substantial. Occupation, therefore, is an important intervening variable in the translation of educational advantage into income advantage. The method may be useful in a variety of problems, familiar to demographers and social statisticians, whose analysis must be approached in a roundabout manner owing to the limited detail of published tabulations.
Microcrystallinity and silyl rotors in a-Si:D,H films

Abstract Deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) studies in a-Si:D,H and a-Si:D films reveal the existence of rotating silyl SiD x H 3−x groups. The characteristic silyl signal is a 22 kHz DMR quadrupolar doublet which persists from 300 K down to 1.6 K. The signal does not occur in the highest quality films. TEM studies indicate that the appearance of the DMR silyl signal correlates with the presence of microcrystalline inclusions. Comparisons of spin-lattice relaxation times indicate that most of the silyl rotors do not extend into hydrogen (deuterium)-filled microvoids.
The effects of training in nonaversive behavior management on the attitudes and understanding of direct care staff

Recent developments in behavior therapy for persons with developmental disabilities and behavior disorders emphasize positive treatment designs that focus on understanding the causes of behavior, teaching functional alternatives, and enhancing the quality of daily experiences, rather than simple contingency management. There is little information on how well direct care staff can support these nonaversive strategies. This study examined the effects of training in traditional (positive) behavior management versus nonaversive principles on the understanding and attitudes of direct care staff. Overall, nonprofessional level staff receiving the nonaversive training showed increased sophistication in understanding the range of possible causes of behavior and were able to generate treatment suggestions based on skill development and environmental change. The effectiveness of staff in implementing state-of-the-art behavior therapy procedures is likely to be an important component of the continued success of behavior therapy, especially in residential settings, both institutional and community-based.
Friction- anisotropy dependence in organic self- assembled monolayers

Abstract A study in order to understand the origin of the friction at the nanometer scale has been performed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to measure the mechanical and frictional properties of self-assembled monolayers of the oligothiophene derivative 4-(5″″-tetradecyl-[2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴;5‴,2″″] pentathiophen-5-yl)-butyric acid (C14-5TBA) on mica. The films were prepared by drop casting a dilute THF solution (1 mM) of the oligothiophene on mica. The molecules adsorb on mica through the carboxylic group, and expose the alkyl chain (CH 2 ) 13 CH 3 . Instead of complete monolayers, islands were produced to facilitate measurements of the film height. By applying load to the tip a compression of the molecules from an initial height of 4.1 nm to a final height of 2.6 nm was achieved which we attribute to deformation of the alkyl chains. We previously observed that the oligothiophene derivative 4-(5″″-decyl-[2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴;5‴,2″″] pentathiophen-5-yl)-butyric acid (C10-5TBA), exhibits strong friction anisotropies showing different domains of friction. The topographic images for both of these films reveals that they form molecularly flat films. However, the longer alkyl chains of the C14-5TBA induces better organization of the molecules as shown by the lattice resolved AFM images obtained. Well-ordered molecular structures were seen with measured unit cell dimensions of 0.65 and 0.46 nm. The ability to resolve the lattice structure of these films allows us to measure friction in different lattice structure domains, and the results show strong friction anisotropy.
SIMULATION RELATIONS FOR DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR SYSTEMS

Simulation relations of labeled transition systems are used in theoretical computer science in order to formally establish notions of modeling abstraction and refinement in hierarchical systems. In this paper, we establish and characterize simulation relations for arbitrary discrete-time, linear control systems. More precisely, given two discrete-time systems, we consider various embeddings into labeled transition systems, that differ in the amount of timing information that is maintained in the transition relation. For each embedding, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for one discrete-time system simulating the transitions of the other. Naturally, the simulation characterizations become weaker as more information is abstracted away in the embedding.
Lattice supersymmetry and topological field theory

Abstract We discuss the connection between supersymmetric field theories and topological field theories and show how this connection may be used to construct local lattice field theories which maintain an exact supersymmetry. It is shown how metric independence of the continuum topological field theory allows us to derive the lattice theory by blocking out of the continuum in a deformed geometry. This, in turn allows us to prove the cut-off independence of certain supersymmetric Ward identities.
Organization of centromeres in the decondensed nuclei of mature human sperm

The localization of centromeres in mature human sperm was shown by immunofluorescent labeling and nonisotopic in situ hybridization. In the decondensed nucleus structural elements (dimers, tetramers, linear arrays and V shape structures) formed by individual centromeres of nonhomologous chromosomes were observed. They organize the compact chromocenter, which was shown for nuclei decondensed to a low extent. The chromocenter is buried inside the nucleus; in contrast, telomeric regions of chromosomes were tentatively localized on the periphery. Thus, a gross architecture, which can influence selective unpackaging of the paternal genome upon fertilization, exists in human sperm.
Treating PTSD with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

There is now extensive evidence that cognitive–behavioral therapies are effective treatments for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and many treatment guidelines identify cognit...
Sequestration of the Active Site by Interdomain Shifting CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR DISTINCT CONFORMATIONS OF l-3-HYDROXYACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE

l-3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase reversibly catalyzes the conversion of l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to 3-ketoacyl-CoA concomitant with the reduction of NAD(+) to NADH as part of the beta-oxidation spiral. In this report, crystal structures have been solved for the apoenzyme, binary complexes of the enzyme with reduced cofactor or 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA substrate, and an abortive ternary complex of the enzyme with NAD(+) and acetoacetyl-CoA. The models illustrate positioning of cofactor and substrate within the active site of the enzyme. Comparison of these structures with the previous model of the enzyme-NAD(+) complex reveals that although significant shifting of the NAD(+)-binding domain relative to the C-terminal domain occurs in the ternary and substrate-bound complexes, there are few differences between the apoenzyme and cofactor-bound complexes. Analysis of these models clarifies the role of key amino acids implicated in catalysis and highlights additional critical residues. Furthermore, a novel charge transfer complex has been identified in the course of abortive ternary complex formation, and its characterization provides additional insight into aspects of the catalytic mechanism of l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
A Reappraisal of the Risks and Benefits of Treating to Target with Cholesterol Lowering Drugs

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and lipid modification, particularly lowering of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), is one of the cornerstones of prevention and treatment. However, even after lowering of LDLc to conventional goals, a sizeable number of patients continue to suffer cardiovascular events. More aggressive lowering of LDLc and optimization of other lipid parameters like triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) have been proposed as two potential strategies to address this residual risk. These strategies entail use of maximal doses of highly potent HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and combination therapy with other lipid modifying agents. Though statins in general are fairly well tolerated, adverse events like myopathy are dose related. There are further risks with combination therapy. In this article, we review the adverse effects of lipid modifying agents used alone and in combination and weigh these effects against the evidence demonstrating their efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all cause mortality. For patients with established CVD, statins are the only group of drugs that have shown consistent reductions in hard outcomes. Though more aggressive lipid lowering with high dose potent statins can reduce rates of non fatal events and need for interventions, the incremental mortality benefits remain unclear, and their use is associated with a higher rate of drug related adverse effects. Myopathy and renal events have been a significant concern with the use of high potency statin drugs, in particular simvastatin and rosuvastatin. For patients who have not reached target LDL levels or have residual lipid abnormalities on maximal doses of statins, the addition of other agents has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes and carries an increased risk of adverse events. The clinical benefits of drugs to raise HDLc remain unproven. In patients without known cardiovascular disease, there is conflicting evidence as to the benefits of aggressive pursuit of numerical lipid targets, particularly with respect to all cause mortality. Certainly, in statin intolerant patients, alternative agents with a low side effect profile are desirable. Bile acid sequestrants are an effective and safe choice for decreasing LDLc, and omega-3 fatty acids are safe agents to decrease TG. There remains an obvious need to design and carry out large scale studies to help determine which agents, when combined with statins, have the greatest benefit on cardiovascular disease with the least added risk. These studies should be designed to assess the impact on clinical outcomes rather than surrogate endpoints, and require a comprehensive assessment and reporting of safety outcomes.
Fanfiction as imaginary play: What fan-written stories can tell us about the cognitive science of fiction

Abstract Fiction has often been viewed as requiring imaginative input on the part of the audience, but relatively little empirical work has examined the role that fictional characters and worlds play in the imaginings of adolescents and adults, outside of the text itself. Here, I provide an overview of existing research on fanfiction, or extratextual stories written for pleasure by fans, based on an existing media property. I suggest that fanfiction is a form of imaginary play that reflects both emotional engagement with and resistance to the source material. I draw comparisons between writing fanfiction, daydreaming, and childhood pretend play and argue that there is a need for research that explores this phenomenon using more rigorous psychological methods. Such research may shed light on a range of issues in the psychology of fiction and why we read for pleasure.
Ethics and Teaching Employment Interviewing.

As teachers and advisors, virtually all communication faculty counsel students preparing for job interviews. The advice we give students regarding this critical interaction says much about our ethics of professional and personal communication. In this essay, we explore the ethical implications of recommendations about how to communicate during employment interviews. We first summarize accepted principles of ethical communication and show how they apply to employment interviewing. We then identify kinds of interviewing advice that appear to depart from these standards. Next, we consider possible justifications for these departures and conclude they are not warranted. Finally, we propose ways to teach interviewing that are consistent with ethical communication standards.
Procedural and Operational Consequences of Navigational Equipment Outages: Exploration of Airport Performance

This paper explores the impact of unscheduled navigational and surveillance equipment outages on airport performance during visual flight rules and instrument flight rules at San Francisco International Airport and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. The following most common unscheduled short outages, which occurred during January 2000-December 2002, are analyzed in detail: very high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR), approach lighting system type 2 (ALSF-2), the secondary radar Mode S, and air traffic control radio beacon system (ATCRBS). We explore the air traffic control procedures and responses to unscheduled outages, and develop a methodology to examine the effects of unscheduled outages on airport performance. Two Federal Aviation Administration databases, maintenance management system and aviation system performance metrics, are used to construct censored regression models (i.e., Tobit models) to assess the airport throughput performance during such unscheduled outages. It is found that airport arrival and departure throughputs do not deteriorate with VOR and ALSF-2 outages due to availability of air traffic procedures that allow alternative approaches into the airport. However, the unscheduled outages of secondary radar Mode S and ATCRBS do cause airport throughput degradations.
Cantor’s diagonal argument: An extension to the socialist calculation debate

The standard view of the socialist calculation debate is that Mises and Hayek at best demonstrated the practical impossibility of socialist economy, but that the mathematical solution of economists such as Dickinson showed that “in principle” planners could achieve a rational use of resources without private ownership of the means of production. In the present paper I hoped to show that this view is incorrect, because (if seriously implemented) a socialist planning board would need to publish a list containing an uncountably infinite number of prices. As Cantor’s diagonal argument from set theory shows, it is demonstrably impossible to construct such a list. Therefore, socialist economy is truly impossible, in every sense of the word.
Ontogeny of T-cell precursors: a model for the initial stages of human T-cell development.

Abstract Although most investigators agree that the CD4- CD8- CD3- thymocyte subset represents the most immature intrathymic T cell capable of repopulating the thymus in vivo , little is known of the earliest stages of human T-cell development. Using mAbs to hematopoietic and T-cell lineage molecules in quantitative immunofluorescence studies, new insight has been gained regarding the phenotype of human T-cell precursors before and after colonization of human thymic rudiment. In this article, Barton Haynes and colleagues discuss the sequential expression of CD7, CD4, CD8, CD3, CD2, CD1, CD45, TCRγδ and TCRαβ, and propose a model defining the stages of T-cell precursors during fetal ontogeny.
New approach to low energy virtual Compton scattering and generalized polarizabilities of the nucleon

Virtual Compton scattering off the nucleon (VCS) is studied in the regime of low energy of the outgoing real photon. This regime allows one to directly access the generalized polarizabilities of the nucleon in a VCS experiment. In the derivation of the low energy theorem for VCS that exists in the literature, the low energy limit taken for virtual initial photons does not match on that for real photons, when one approaches the initial photon's mass shell. While this problem has for a long time been attributed to the nonanalyticity of the Compton amplitude with respect to the photon virtuality, I demonstrate that it is merely due to an ill-defined low energy limit for VCS, on one hand, and to a particular way of constructing the VCS amplitude, used in the literature, on the other. I provide a uniform description of low energy Compton scattering with real and virtual photons by defining a Lorentz-covariant operator sub-basis for Compton scattering in that regime, which has six independent structures. Correspondingly, six new generalized polarizabilities are introduced in the Breit frame. These polarizabilities are defined as continuous functions of the photon virtuality and at the real photon point match onto the nucleon polarizabilities known from real Compton scattering.
Biofeedback and Primary Care

Biofeedback is a clinical modality in which technology or instrumentation is used to allow a patient to gain awareness of, and control over, physiologic processes. Successful treatment employing biofeedback can be beneficial for several stress-related and pain conditions, as well as other forms of somatic disturbance. Collectively, the same conditions that may respond to biofeedback are those often seen in a primary care practice and are conditions that can result in chronic dysfunction and disability. Understanding the forms and uses of biofeedback, the research evidence base, and practical referral guidelines can help the family physician to offer recommendations and referrals to patients.
Fast Beam Radiofrequency Spectroscopy

The combination of a fast atom or ion beam derived from a small accelerator with radiofrequency spectroscopy methods provides a powerful method for measuring the fine structure of atomic and molecular systems. The fast beam makes possible measurements in which two separated oscillatory fields are used to obtain resonance lines whose widths are less than the natural line width due to the lifetimes of the states. The separated oscillatory field lines have, in addition, a number of features which make possible measurements with greater precision and less sensitivity to systematic errors. The fast beam also makes accessible multiple photon radiofrequency transitions whose line width is intrinsically narrower than that of the single photon transitions and which offer great potential for high precision measurements. This report focuses on the techniques and their promise. Recent measurements of the fine structure of H and He+ are used as illustrations.
Actin Polymerization Induced by GTPγS in Permeabilized Neutrophils Is Induced and Maintained by Free Barbed Ends

To address the mechanisms through which agonists stimulate actin polymerization, we examined the roles of monomer sequestering proteins and free barbed ends on actin polymerization induced by guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPγS) in neutrophils permeabilized with streptolysin O. Addition of profilin (without GTPγS) caused a net decrease in F-actin. Thus, merely making profilin available in the cell was not sufficient to induce actin polymerization. On the other hand, addition of profilin hardly affected the polymerization induced by GTPγS, while thymosin β4 or DNase I decreased this polymerization. These data suggested that GTPγS induced polymerization by increasing the availability of barbed ends. In the presence of cytochalasin B, profilin did inhibit polymerization induced by GTPγS, demonstrating that GTPγS did not inhibit profilin's monomer sequestering ability. The F-actin induced by GTPγS was not limited by a time-dependent loss of G-actin or G-proteins from permeabilized cells since, following stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of GTPγS, addition of more GTPγS induced further polymerization. Barbed ends remained free after F-actin reached plateau since (a) cytochalasin B caused depolymerization of induced F-actin and (b) profilin did not depolymerize induced F-actin unless the cells were first treated with cytochalasin to cap barbed ends. The data indicate that GTPγS maintains an increased level of F-actin by keeping at least a few barbed ends available for polymerization.
An existential theory of truth

This article is an attempt to present a simplified account of the theory of truth expressed in the writings of certain existentialist writers - namely, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Jaspers, and Marcel. It is designed to serve as a supplement to conventional textbook treatments of the nature of truth, which typically ignore the contributions that existentialists have made to the topic. An existential theory of truth stresses the epistemological (not ontological) indeterminateness of meaning and truth, apart from one’s personal participation in determining them. Contrary to superficial interpretations, this theory does not do away either with a transcendent reality or with objectivity. What is rejected is anything that would circumvent the necessary task of participating, oneself, in the epistemological determination of truth.
INFLUENCE OF INJURY SEVERITY ON THE RATE AND MAGNITUDE OF THE T LYMPHOCYTE AND NEURONAL RESPONSE TO FACIAL NERVE AXOTOMY

Abstract The temporal relationship between severity of peripheral axonal injury and T lymphocyte trafficking to the neuronal cell bodies of origin in the brain has been unclear. We sought to test the hypothesis that greater neuronal death induced by disparate forms of peripheral nerve injury would result in differential patterns of T cell infiltration and duration at the cell bodies of origin in the brain and that these measures would correlate with the magnitude of neuronal death over time and cumulative neuronal loss. To test this hypothesis, we compared the time course of CD3 + T cell infiltration and neuronal death (assessed by CD11b + perineuronal microglial phagocytic clusters) following axonal crush versus axonal resection injuries, two extreme variations of facial nerve axotomy that result in mild versus severe neuronal loss, respectively, in the facial motor nucleus. We also quantified the number of facial motor neurons present at 49 days post-injury to determine whether differences in the levels of neuronal death between nerve crush and resection correlated with differences in cumulative neuronal loss. Between 1 and 7 days post-injury when levels of neuronal death were minimal, we found that the rate of accumulation and magnitude of the T cell response was similar following nerve crush and resection. Differences in the T cell response were apparent by 14 days post-injury when the level of neuronal death following resection was substantially greater than that seen in crush injury. For nerve resection, the peak of neuronal death at 14 days post-resection was followed by a maximal T cell response one week later at 21 days. Differences in the level of neuronal death between the two injuries across the time course tested reflected differences in cumulative neuronal loss at 49 days post-injury. Altogether, these data suggest that the trafficking of T cells to the injured FMN is dependent upon the severity of peripheral nerve injury and associated neuronal death.
Indium-111 leukocyte accumulation in intramuscular injection sites.

We report four cases of indium-111 leukocyte concentration in previous intramuscular injection sites. Three patterns were observed: (1) small, discrete, and round; (2) linear; (3) irregular and large. The scintigraphic appearance did not necessarily correlate with the number of injections that the patient had received.
Circulating clonotypic B cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Although Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells are B lymphoid cells, they are unlike any normal cells of that lineage. Moreover, the limited proliferative potential of HRS cells belies the clinical aggressiveness of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). More than 20 years ago, the L428 HL cell line was reported to contain a small population of phenotypic B cells that appeared responsible for the continued generation of HRS cells. This observation, however, has never been corroborated, and such clonotypic B cells have never been documented in HL patients. We found that both the L428 and KM-H2 HL cell lines contained rare B-cell subpopulations responsible for the generation and maintenance of the predominant HRS cell population. The B cells within the HL cell lines expressed immunoglobulin light chain, the memory B-cell antigen CD27, and the stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Clonal CD27+ALDHhigh B cells, sharing immunoglobulin gene rearrangements with lymph node HRS cells, were also detected in the blood of most newly diagnosed HL patients regardless of stage. Although the clinical significance of circulating clonotypic B cells in HL remains unclear, these data suggest they may be the initiating cells for HL.
Evaluation of Seasonal Effects on Subgrade Soils

One objective of the FHWA's Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is to determine climatic effects on pavement performance. The LTPP instrumentation program includes seasonal monitoring program (SMP) instrumentation to monitor the seasonal variations of moisture, temperature, and frost penetration. Findings from the SMP instrumentation are to be incorporated into future pavement design procedures. Data from SMP instrumentation at the Ohio Strategic Highway Research Program Test Road (US-23, Delaware County, Ohio) and other reported results were analyzed to develop empirical equations. General expressions for the seasonal variations of average daily air temperature and variations of temperature and moisture in the fine-grained subgrade soil at the test site are presented. An expression for the seasonal variation of resilient modulus was derived. Average monthly weighting factors that can be used for pavement design were computed. Other factors such as frost penetration, depth of water table, and dr...
Measurement of the far field intensity distribution of a bent and cleaved fiber taper

We have theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated mode conversion in fiber tapers subject to large adiabatic bending. The far field intensity distribution of the taper mode is imaged in part by cleaving the taper at the position of minimum diameter.
Control of a continuous response dimension by a continuous stimulus dimension

Pigeons were trained to respond to stimuli from a continuous stimulus dimension (tonal frequency) with response values from a continuous response dimension. Both the number of points of correspondence and problem difficulty were varied. After training, subjects were tested with stimulus values intermediate to those trained. During these test tones, subjects emitted only those response values reinforced during training. The study suggested that if there are fast and efficient methods to obtain control of a continuous response dimension by a continuous stimulus dimension, these methods must depend on factors other than simple generalization.
Differences in metabolic and hormonal milieu in diabetic- and alcohol-induced ketoacidosis

Abstract Purpose: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) are two medical emergencies characterized by elevated total ketone body concentration. We aimed to determine differences in pathogenesis of ketoacidosis and its metabolic consequences by comparing both at presentation and during treatment, the different metabolic products and hormones involved in the ketoacidotic state. Materials and Methods: We studied 12 patients with DKA and 8 patients with AKA. On admission and every 4 hours for 24 hours during treatment, samples were drawn for determination of serum ketone bodies, lactate and pyruvate, insulin, and counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and catecholamines). Results: At presentation, with a similar β-hydroxybutyrate concentration, patients with DKA had a higher plasma glucose (32 mmol/L vs. 6.6 mmol/L), lower β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio (3:1 vs. 7:1), and a lower lactate/pyruvate ratio (11:1 vs. 19:1) than patients with AKA (all, P
Central nervous system metastasis in gynecologic cancer: symptom management, prognosis and palliative management strategies.

Abstract Introduction CNS metastasis (CNSmet) with gynecologic malignancy (GM) is associated with poor prognosis and symptom burden. Two prognostic indices, the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and graded prognostic assessment (GPA), used in other solid tumors to guide intervention options were evaluated among GM patients. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with primary GM diagnosed with CNSmet from 2005–2014. RPA and GPA were applied and evaluated for goodness of fit. Long-term survivors (LTS) were those with survival time from CNSmet ≥9months. Results 35 patients were identified with median age of 62years (range, 41–78). The majority had ovarian cancer (54%). Median survival was 4.5months (0.1–25.9), and median time from initial diagnosis was 2.6years (0–19.6). Presenting symptoms varied but headache (57%) and altered mental status (23%) were most common. 37% had a solitary CNS lesion, 31% had 2–8, and 31% >8. 57% were treated with WBRT, 14% with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and 20% with combinations of treatments, and 2 elected for hospice. 27% (9/33) of the patients were LTS. The GPA was not significantly associated with patient outcome (p=0.46). The RPA predicted time to death (p=.0010). Conclusion Prognostic indices used to guide therapeutic interventions perform poorly in GM. Detection and aggressive symptom management are critical in maintaining QOL. Multidisciplinary consultation is critical to optimize outcomes and symptom control.
On the Ginzburg-Landau Wave Equation

On etudie l'existence globale de solutions fortes du probleme aux valeurs initiales de l'equation d'onde de Ginzburg-Landau sur R n , avec n=1,2,3
Long lasting changes in the spontaneous activity of hippocampal neurons following stimulation of the entorhinal cortex

The spontaneous activity of hippocampal and denate units was investigated in acute and chronic experiments on adult rats. Spontaneous unitary discharges from both regions were measured before and after brief tetanic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex. An increase in the frequency of spontaneous unit activity was obtained in units recorded from the dentate gyrus and CA3 field of the hippocampus for up to 20 min following stimulation. In chronic recordings of physiologically identified dentate units from freely moving rats similar results were obtained. The findings are discussed with reference to long lasting potentiation of synaptic activity in the perforant path-dentate granule cell connection.
Comparing several atomic spectrometric methods to the super stars: special emphasis on laser induced breakdown spectrometry, LIBS, a future super star

The “super stars” of analytical atomic spectrometry are electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Many other atomic spectrometric methods have been used to determine levels of elements present in solid, liquid and gaseous samples, but in most cases these other methods are inferior to the big three super star methods. The other atomic methods include glow discharge emission, absorption and mass spectrometric methods, laser excited fluorescence emission and ionization methods, and flame and microwave plasma emission and mass spectrometric methods. These “lesser” methods will be compared to the “super star” methods based on a number of figures of merit, including detection power, selectivity, multi-element capability, cost, applications, and “age” of the methods. The “age” of the method will be determined by a modification of the well-known Laitinen “Seven Ages of an Analytical Method” (H.A. Laitinen, Anal. Chem., 1973, 45, 2305). Calculations will show that certain methods are capable of single atom detection, including several atomic absorption methods, as well as laser atomic ionization and fluorescence methods. The comparison of methods will indicate why the “super stars” of atomic spectrometric methods will continue to retain their status and what must be done for the lesser atomic methods to approach “super star” status. Certainly most of the lesser atomic spectrometric methods will have a limited place in the analytical arena. Because of the wide current interest and research activity, special emphasis will be placed on the technique of laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). Its current status and future developments will therefore be reviewed.
Spinodal of liquid water

An open question in the study of water concerns the shape of the liquid spinodal line in the phase diagram of water, a boundary which represents the limit of mechanical stability of the liquid state. It has been conjectured that the pressure of the liquid spinodal ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$(T) does not decrease monotonically with decreasing temperature T, but passes through a minimum and is ``reentrant'' from negative to positive pressure P in a region of T in which the liquid is deeply supercooled. The conjectured minimum in ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$(T) has not been directly observed due to the difficulties encountered in experiments which attempt to study liquid water under tension. Here we exploit the ability of molecular-dynamics computer simulations to model the behavior of liquid water deep into its metastable region. We thereby attempt to observe a minimum in ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$(T). We first argue that the ST2 potential of Stillinger and Rahman [J. Chem. Phys. 60, 1545 (1974)] is the best of several commonly used water interaction potentials for this purpose. Then, we conduct simulations of a system of ST2 particles over a wide range of stable and metastable liquid-state points, and demonstrate that ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$(T) for ST2 is not reentrant. In a second set of simulations we test if the behavior we find is limited to the ST2 potential by exploring the relevant thermodynamic region of the liquid as simulated by the TIP4P interaction potential of Jorgensen et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 79, 926 (1983)]. We find that the TIP4P potential confirms the absence of a reentrant spinodal. We also show how the structural and energetic properties of both the ST2 and TIP4P liquids are consistent with the absence of a reentrant spinodal.
A population-based cohort study comparing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy

A population-based cohort study comparing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy
Nutritional Outcome and Pneumonia in Critical Care Patients Randomized to Gastric versus Jejunal Tube Feedings M. A. MONTECALVO, K. A. STEGER, H. W. FARBER, ET AL Critical Care Medicine 20:1377-1387, 1992

A prospective study was carried out over a 10-month period to compare nutritional status, gastric colonization, and rates of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients randomized to either gastric tube feeding or feeding by an endoscopically placed jejunal tube. Sixty-nine patients were considered eligible for the study. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled from medical and surgical ICUs at two hospitals and were equally divided into two groups. The groups were similar in age, sex, race, underlying disease, type of surgical procedure, number of days fed, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, days with fever, and days of antibiotic therapy. The jejunal tube (JT) group had more patients who were in circulatory shock on admission (79%) than the gastric feeding (GT) group (68.4%). Additionally, the JT group had higher Acute Physiology Scores (24.0 vs 21.7) and fewer patients with pneumonia at the time of entry into the study (26.3% us 31.6%). The JT patients received a signi...
Progress in audiology in the U.S.A.

(1950). Progress in Audiology in the U.S.A. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 38, No. sup90, pp. 41-43.
An online heuristic for maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks

We show that the problem of routing messages in a wireless sensor network so as to maximize network lifetime is NP-hard. In our model, the online model, each message has to be routed without knowledge of future route requests. We also develop an online heuristic to maximize network lifetime. Our heuristic, which performs two shortest path computations to route each message, is superior to previously published heuristics for lifetime maximization - our heuristic results in greater lifetime and its performance is less sensitive to the selection of heuristic parameters. Additionally, our heuristic is superior on the capacity metric
Unifying Packet and Circuit Switched Networks

There have been many attempts to unify the control and management of circuit and packet switched networks, but none have taken hold. In this paper we propose a simple way to unify both types of network using OpenFlow. The basic idea is that a simple flow abstraction fits well with both types of network, provides a common paradigm for control, and makes it easy to insert new functionality into the network. OpenFlow provides a common API to the underlying hardware, and allows all of the routing, control and management to be defined in software outside the datapath.
Transformations of signed-binary number representations for efficient VLSI arithmetic

The VLSI implementation of arithmetic operations may be significantly improved by using non-conventional number representations and transforming intermediate results from one format to another format. For a target function, the objective is to change the number representations of the input and output operands such that a minimum amount of logic circuitry is required to achieve a computation. Redundant arithmetic has received increasing interest in the past decade to reduce or eliminate carry propagation chains. The development of an analytical framework that expands the scope of functions that can be efficiently implemented using signed-binary representation is discussed in this paper. Implementation details are described that demonstrate the application of these results. Particular attention is placed on realizing the (a + b), -(a + b), (a - b), and -(a - b) functions in a complex /spl plusmn/1 multiplier serving as a pseudonoise code scrambler in wireless CDMA transceivers.
Fool Me Twice: The Consequences of Reading (and Rereading) Inaccurate Information

Summary Readers frequently encounter inaccuracies in texts that contradict what they should know to be true. The current project examined readers' moment-by-moment processing of inaccuracies and whether any difficulty with such material is reduced when readers are already familiar with accurate versions of that content. In two experiments, participants read stories that either accurately or inaccurately described the outcome of a well-known historic event. Preceding story contexts supported accurate outcomes or introduced suspense to create uncertainty about outcome likelihoods. During initial readings, participants took longer to read inaccurate than accurate outcomes. But this difficulty was substantially reduced when suspenseful contexts called into question the likelihood of well-known outcomes. Similar reading patterns emerged when participants read the exact same material after week-long and 5-minute delays. These results indicate that biasing contexts can influence readers' processing of inaccuracies for even familiar events. Rereading proves insufficient for encouraging reliance on accurate prior knowledge. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Career Aspirations of Rural Appalachian High School Students

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contributions of several social cognitive career theory (SCCT) factors in predicting the career aspirations of a group of high school students living in the central part of rural Appalachia. Sixty-three high school students completed measures assessing their vocational/educational self-efficacy beliefs, career decision outcome expectations, socioeconomic status (SES), age, and their perceptions of familial and peer support. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that 52% of the variance associated with career aspirations was accounted for by the SCCT variables. Findings indicated that the majority of the variance was accounted for by vocational/educational self-efficacy beliefs, SES, and career decision outcome expectations. Given the cultural considerations of this population, these findings suggest that lower SES rural Appalachian high school students might benefit from targeted interventions that are designed to increase the...
Stochastic Modeling of Gene Expression and Parameter Estimation

Recent advances in technology have enabled biologists to investigate gene expression in single cells. In such experimental investigations, it has been demonstrated that the numbers of mRNA and protein molecules expressed from a gene in a single cell are stochastic processes. While the stochasticity in gene expression, which is also referred to as gene expression noise by biologists, has recently attracted much attention of biologists, less attention has been paid to analyze the stochastic nature of gene expression based on a computational model. In this paper, we first analyze the mean and variance of the mRNA and protein molecules expressed from a gene based on a stochastic model. In this stochastic model, a gene randomly switches between two states: activated and repressed states and transcribed with different probability rates in these two states. We then investigate the estimation of model parameters based on the observed numbers of mRNA and protein molecules. Our computational approach can predict the behavior of gene expression in single cells.
Thrombelastograph platelet mapping in a patient receiving antiplatelet therapy

description of using theThrombelastograph (TEG) PlateletMapping (PM) assay(Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, MA) to monitor andguide the antithrombotic management of a complexpatient with great interest. This novel approach willbe useful to physicians caring for patients with thecoagulation abnormalities associated with cirrhosis inaddition to pharmacological anticoagulants. However,it is being increasingly appreciated that pharmacoki-netic/dynamic effects with antiplatelet therapy arerelevant to the interpretation of PM results.
Improving Part based Object Detection by Unsupervised, Online Boosting

Detection of objects of a given class is important for many applications. However it is difficult to learn a general detector with high detection rate as well as low false alarm rate. Especially, the labor needed for manually labeling a huge training sample set is usually not affordable. We propose an unsupervised, incremental learning approach based on online boosting to improve the performance on special applications of a set of general part detectors, which are learned from a small amount of labeled data and have moderate accuracy. Our oracle for unsupervised learning, which has high precision, is based on a combination of a set of shape based part detectors learned by off-line boosting. Our online boosting algorithm, which is designed for cascade structure detector, is able to adapt the simple features, the base classifiers, the cascade decision strategy, and the complexity of the cascade automatically to the special application. We integrate two noise restraining strategies in both the oracle and the online learner. The system is evaluated on two public video corpora.
Almost) automatic semantic feature extraction from technical text

Acquisition of semantic information is necessary for proper understanding of natural language text. Such information is often domain-specific in nature and must be acquired from the domain. This causes a problem whenever a natural language processing (NLP) system is moved from one domain to another. The portability of an NLP system can be improved if these semantic features can be acquired with limited human intervention. This paper proposes an approach towards (almost) automatic semantic feature extraction.
Characterization of timing jitter in ultrafast fiber and Ti:S lasers

The timing jitter of erbium doped, fiber optic and Titanium: Sapphire lasers, both passively mode-locked ultrafast lasers at 80 MHz, is measured with unprecedented resolution and bandwidth. Using the balanced optical cross-correlator timing detector, we found a total integrated timing jitter of 2.2 fs rms [100 Hz, 1 MHz] for the fiber supercontinuum and only 55 as rms [100 Hz, 10 MHz] jitter for the Ti:S laser. This measurement of fiber laser jitter is an absolute measurement, since the jitter of the fiber laser was measured against the Ti:S laser, which is negligible.
Metamaterials for transparency and total scattering reduction

In this paper, the authors theoretically discuss the underlying mechanisms and physical insights on the role of plasmonic metamaterial covers in reducing scattered fields from single and collections of objects.
IMPORTANCE OF SIZE--DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS IN MIXED STANDS OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND RED ALDER

Binkley, D., 1984. Importance of size--density relationships in mixed stands of Douglasfir and red alder. For. Ecol. Manage., 9: 81--85. Pairs of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Douglas-fir and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) stands were examined at four locations for patterns in average tree size as a function of stand density. On fertile sites, the mixed stands experienced higher mortality than the pure conifer stands. On infertile sites, the pure conifer stands were well below the maximum tree size and density relationship compared to fertile sites or mixed stands, suggesting under-utilized site resources were available for nitrogen-fixing alder. Planting trials which vary relative densities of these species across gradients in site fertility are needed for a clear assessment of the benefits to be derived from species mixtures.