cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-reactive HL-A antibodies. Separation of multiple HL-A antibody specificities by platelet adsorption and acid elution.

A method of isolating and concentrating monospecific antibody from multispecific HL–A antiserum by adsorption with and elution from platelets is described. One unit of platelets containing approximately 1 × 1011 platelets is sufficient to absorb one unit (300 ml) of serum of low titer. Antibodies directed against antigens determined at separate loci are readily separated by adsorption with appropriately selected platelets, whereas antibody specificities directed against antigens determined by the same locus are usually not separable. Successful adsorption and elution of an antibody present in duospecific antisera depends not only upon the presence of a particular HL–A antigen on the platelets used for adsorption but also upon the absence of any antigen group which cross-reacts with the second antibody specificity.
Variables Associated With Seeking Information From Doctors and the Internet After Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements for Prescription Medications

This study examines variables associated with seeking information from doctors, the Internet, and a combination of both doctors and Internet after exposure to direct-to-consumer advertisements. Data were analyzed from 462 college students. Younger age, women, and health insurance were associated with greater odds for doctor; women, subjective norms, intentions, and greater time since seen doctor were associated with greater odds for Internet; and African American, Hispanic, subjective norms, intentions, and health insurance were associated with greater odds for both doctor and Internet. Marketers of direct-to-consumer advertisements can use these findings for tailoring and targeting direct-to-consumer advertisements.
Stereoselective synthesis, chemistry and antiviral evaluation of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-hydroxymethyl-β-d-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine derivatives

A series of novel 3'-C-branched 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated as anti-HIV agents. Hydroboration of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-C-methylene nucleoside proceeded regio- and stereoselectively to give 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-hydroxy methyl-5-O-trityl-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine (5) after oxidation. 3'-C-Chloromethyl and 3'-C-iodomethyl 5'-O-protected 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides 9 and 12 were obtained from 5 by reaction with carbon tetrachloride/triphenylphosphine and methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide, respectively. Arbuzov reaction of 12 with triethyl phosphite afforded 3'-C-(diethyl-phosphono)methyl 5'-O-protected 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 14. Compounds 5, 9, 12 and 14 were detritylated to give 1-(3-C-chloromethyl-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine (10), 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-hydroxymethyl-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)-thymine (11), 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-iodomethyl-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine (13) and 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-(O,O'-diethylphosphono)methyl-beta-D-threo- pentofuranosyl)thymine (15), respectively. These nucleoside analogues were evaluated for antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Compound 5 demonstrated selective antiviral activity against HIV-1 but not HSV-1.
Epimerase (Msed_0639) and Mutase (Msed_0638 and Msed_2055) Convert (S)-Methylmalonyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) to Succinyl-CoA in the Metallosphaera sedula 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Cycle

Crenarchaeotal genomes encode the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle for carbon dioxide fixation. Of the 13 enzymes putatively comprising the cycle, several of them, including methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) epimerase (MCE) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), which convert (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, have not been confirmed and characterized biochemically. In the genome of Metallosphaera sedula (optimal temperature [T(opt)], 73°C), the gene encoding MCE (Msed_0639) is adjacent to that encoding the catalytic subunit of MCM-α (Msed_0638), while the gene for the coenzyme B(12)-binding subunit of MCM (MCM-β) is located remotely (Msed_2055). The expression of all three genes was significantly upregulated under autotrophic compared to heterotrophic growth conditions, implying a role in CO(2) fixation. Recombinant forms of MCE and MCM were produced in Escherichia coli; soluble, active MCM was produced only if MCM-α and MCM-β were coexpressed. MCE is a homodimer and MCM is a heterotetramer (α(2)β(2)) with specific activities of 218 and 2.2 μmol/min/mg, respectively, at 75°C. The heterotetrameric MCM differs from the homo- or heterodimeric orthologs in other organisms. MCE was activated by divalent cations (Ni(2+), Co(2+), and Mg(2+)), and the predicted metal binding/active sites were identified through sequence alignments with less-thermophilic MCEs. The conserved coenzyme B(12)-binding motif (DXHXXG-SXL-GG) was identified in M. sedula MCM-β. The two enzymes together catalyzed the two-step conversion of (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, consistent with their proposed role in the 3-HP/4-HB cycle. Based on the highly conserved occurrence of single copies of MCE and MCM in Sulfolobaceae genomes, the M. sedula enzymes are likely to be representatives of these enzymes in the 3-HP/4-HB cycle in crenarchaeal thermoacidophiles.
Letter Regarding Article by Rotmans et al, “In Vivo Cell Seeding With Anti-CD34 Antibodies Successfully Accelerates Endothelialization but Stimulates Intimal Hyperplasia in Porcine Arteriovenous Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts”

To the Editor: Rapid (re)endothelialization of autologous and synthetic vascular grafts is regarded as a key element in reducing the risk of acute thrombosis and, by limiting adverse vessel wall remodeling, which includes intimal hyperplasia, preserving long-term patency. Rotmans et al1 (and the accompanying editorial2) challenge this tenet of vascular biology in their report of human anti-CD34 antibody–coated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in a porcine AV fistula model. Rapid “endothelialization” of grafts is described, which, rather than improving functional outcome, was associated with significantly increased intimal hyperplasia at the venous anastomosis. The authors conclude that future studies will need to address a putative deficiency in the functional capability of captured endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), highlighting approaches based on the use of regulatory proteins or alternative cell combinations. In our opinion, the data do not support these conclusions. The graft endoluminal cells were inadequately characterized with lectin (a surface antigen shared by several blood-borne …
The Information-Seeking Habits of Baptist Ministers

The aim of this article is to determine how Baptist ministers seek information. Further research questions were used to narrow down the broad aim to a workable level. What causes ministers to seek and stop seeking information? What sources do they use? How do the information-seeking habits change as they pursue their various roles? A multiple-case study design was used. Ten ministers were interviewed with a protocol that used the Critical Incident Technique. Interviews were transcribed and coded in order to identify patterns. Baptist ministers sought information in order to accomplish a wide variety of administrative tasks, prepare for sermons, and provide counsel. When ministers searched for information in the role of administrators, they preferred informal sources of information but often used formal sources also. When searching as preachers, they used formal sources. Level of effort was influenced by experience, potential impact, and the importance of the task. When they had enough information to compl...
The thermodynamics of complicated systems

Abstract The major aims of this paper are 1. (1) to formulate a few general principles, of use in the applications of thermodynamics to heterogeneous systems, where the properties of impermeability, rigidity and thermal insulation play an important part. 2. (2) to develop a macroscopic theory of irreversible processes applicable to systems which are not near to equilibrium. For these purposes, in addition to the conservation laws and Caratheodory's Principle, one further principle is needed, which may be stated as follows: ‘an unperturbed system tends to approach a state of equilibrium, which is completely determined by the extensive parameters in the equilibrium state’. This principle is applied to several fundamental questions concerning thermodynamical equilibrium. In the final section, a general formalism is developed for the description of irreversible processes, without requiring the usual (approximate) linear relations between fluxes and ‘forces’. Though this formalism is based on statistical considerations, it is independent of any molecular hypothesis.
β2 Adrenoceptor gene therapy ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction following cardiac surgery

Objective: Heart surgery is associated with impairment of the myocardial b-adrenoceptor (bAR) system. Effective therapies for postoperative ventricular dysfunction are limited. Prolonged inotrope exposure is associated with further bAR down-regulation. Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and myocardial bAR impairment were assessed following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest in a pig model. Transfer of the human b2-adrenoceptor transgene (Adeno-b2AR) during cardioplegic arrest was then tested as a potential therapy. Methods: Five groups of six neonatal piglets were studied. One group did not undergo surgery (Group A). Adeno-b2AR or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were delivered via the aortic root during cardioplegic arrest. Groups B (PBS) and C (Adeno-b2AR) were assessed at 2 days while Groups D (PBS) and E (Adeno-b2AR) were assessed at 2 weeks from the time of surgery. An LV micromanometer was inserted under sedation to obtain pressure recordings following surgery. bAR density was measured subsequently. Results: Following cardiac surgery LV bAR density was reduced (104G5.7 vs 135G6.1 fmol/mg membrane protein; PZ0.007), and, in response to b agonist stimulation, LV dP/dtmax was reduced (4337G405 vs 5328G194 mmHg/s; P!0.05) compared to animals which did not undergo surgery. Adeno-b2AR therapy during cardiac surgery resulted in elevated LV bAR density (520G250.9 fmol/mg) 2 days post-operatively compared to PBS (104G 5.7 fmol/mg; PZ0.002) and compared to the no surgery group (135G6.1 fmol/mg; PZ0.002). Elevated LV bAR density was also present at 2 weeks (315G74.1 vs 119G7.1 fmol/mg; PZ0.002). In addition, Adeno-b2AR therapy enhanced b agonist stimulated LV dP/dtmax (5348G121 vs 4337G405 mmHg/s; P!0.05) and heart rate (209G6.9 vs 173G11.0 bpm; P!0.05), and reduced LVEDP (2.1G0.4 vs 6.4G1.8 mmHg; P!0.05) compared to PBS treatment. Interestingly, gene delivery was cardiac-selective and beneficial effects on function persisted for 2 weeks. Moreover, b2AR gene transfer ameliorated LV dysfunction following surgery such that there were no significant differences between non-operated controls and animals treated with Adeno-b2AR during CPB and cardioplegic arrest. Conclusions: Reduced bAR density and impaired LV function were present following CPB and cardioplegic arrest. Cardiac-selective b2AR gene transfer during CPB resulted in amelioration of LV dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Such a technique may offer a new approach to post-operative ventricular support. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of light and elevated pCO2 on the growth and photochemical efficiency of Acropora cervicornis

The effects of light and elevated pCO2 on the growth and photochemical efficiency of the critically endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, were examined experimentally. Corals were subjected to high and low treatments of CO2 and light in a fully crossed design and monitored using 3D scanning and buoyant weight methodologies. Calcification rates, linear extension, as well as colony surface area and volume of A. cervicornis were highly dependent on light intensity. At pCO2 levels projected to occur by the end of the century from ocean acidification (OA), A. cervicornis exhibited depressed calcification, but no change in linear extension. Photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) was higher at low light, but unaffected by CO2. Amelioration of OA-depressed calcification under high-light treatments was not observed, and we suggest that the high-light intensity necessary to reach saturation of photosynthesis and calcification in A. cervicornis may limit the effectiveness of this potentially protective mechanism in this species. High CO2 causes depressed skeletal density, but not linear extension, illustrating that the measurement of extension by itself is inadequate to detect CO2 impacts. The skeletal integrity of A. cervicornis will be impaired by OA, which may further reduce the resilience of the already diminished populations of this endangered species.
Terminal guidance of autonomous parafoils in high wind-to-airspeed ratios

Autonomous precision placement of parafoils is challenging because of their limited control authority and sensitivity to winds. In particular, when wind speed is near the airspeed, guidance is further complicated by the parafoils inability to penetrate the wind. This article speci- fically addresses the terminal phase and develops an approach for generating optimal trajectories in real-time based on the inverse dynamics in the virtual domain. The method results in efficient solution of a two-point boundary-value problem using only a single optimization parameter allowing the trajectory to be generated at a high rate, mitigating effects of the unknown winds. It is shown through simulation and experimental results that the proposed algorithm works well even in strong winds and is robust to sensor errors and wind uncertainty.
A study of transient radiation from the Wu-King resistive monopole-FDTD analysis and experimental measurements

The cylindrical monopole antenna with a continuous resistive loading is considered as a radiator for temporally short, broad-bandwidth pulses. Specifically, the variation of the resistance used along the monopole is one proposed by Wu and King (1965). This antenna is analyzed by the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method utilizing a new, efficient technique for handling the thin-walled, conducting tube that forms the resistance. The electromagnetic field in the space surrounding the antenna is determined as a function of time, and quantities useful for describing the performance of the antenna are then calculated from these results. Graphical displays of the results are used to give new insight into the physical processes for transient radiation form this antenna. An experimental model is constructed using a discretized version of the Wu-King profile formed from a set of precision, high-frequency resistors. Measurements of both the reflected voltage in the feed line and the time-varying radiated field are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations. >
Pardon, Punishment, and Amnesia: Three African Post-Conflict Methods

Three post‐conflict approaches have emerged on the African continent during the past decade. ‘Pardon’, ‘punishment’ and ‘amnesia’ represent different routes followed by South Africa, Rwanda and Mozambique in the aftermath of conflict. What pragmatic considerations and cultural resources predisposed each to pursue the path it did? This paper looks at the reasons for the choice to hold a truth commission, to prosecute through trials or to forget the past. It assesses the models' effectiveness, and concludes with an observation that they are not as distinct from each other as they first appear. South Africa, Rwanda (after 2002) and Mozambique have all opted for approaches that emphasised the priority of reintegrating perpetrators back into the community. This goal may be served best by methods other than trials.
Recidivism and the "worst of both worlds" hypothesis: do substance misuse and crime interact or accumulate?

Interactive and additive terms for substance misuse and crime were used to predict recidivism in 1,435 male inmates. Negative binomial regression revealed that although the additive term consistently predicted general recidivism and the presence of new charges, the interaction term consistently failed to predict these same two outcomes. The additive model continued to predict general recidivism and new charges when age and prior convictions were both controlled and when prior substance misuse and crime were entered separately. Both the substance misuse and crime components predicted income (property and drug) offenses, but only the crime component predicted person offenses. These results have implications for assessing and treating substance-involved offenders and suggest that the two components of the "worst of both worlds" hypothesis accumulate rather than interact in their effect on future recidivism. Although the effect depends on both components, one component may be stronger than the other in predicting certain outcomes. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Sructure Handling in Data-Flow Systems

Data-flow languages have been hailed as the solution to the programmability of general-purpose multiprocessors. However, data-flow semantics introduce constructs that lead to much overhead at compilation, allocation, and execution time. Indeed, due to its functionality, the data-flow model of computation does not handle repetitive program constructs very efficiently. This is due to the fact that the cornerstone of data flow, namely the concept of single assignment, is opposed to the idea of reexecution of a portion of program as in a loop. A corollary of this problem is the effective representation, storage, and processing of data structures, as these will most often be used in loops. In this paper, various aspects of this issue are explailned in detail. Several solutions that have been put forward in the current literature are then surveyed and analyzed. In order to offset some of the disadvantages presented by these, we introduce new methods for handling arrays. In the first one, we raise the level of computation to that of arrays for more efficient operation. In the two others, the opposite approach is taken, and the notion of array is done away with entirely at the execution level in order to take advantage of the data-flow semantics at their best logical level of performance.
A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of Air Bubble Dynamics in Converging Section of Effervescent Atomizer

Inside of an effervescent atomizer gas is injected into a liquid cross-flow in order to produce a bubbly two-phase mixture. The presence of gas bubbles leads to enhanced liquid break-up as compared to simple pressure atomization of the liquid phase alone [1]. In the present work, the dynamic shapes and sizes of single air bubbles injected in liquid water cross flow of an effervescent atomizer’s mixing chamber are investigated numerically and experimentally. Particular focus is aimed on the convergent channel section just prior to the atomizer exit orifice where the bubble experiences a significant drop in pressure. Volume of fluid (VOF) modeling and simulations are performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT and further provide information on the liquid velocities near the air bubble. A high-speed imaging system and digital image processing are used for capturing experimental data on this highly dynamic process. The numerical results are compared with experimental visualizations to better understand the physical interactions between the two phases approaching the atomizer exit.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
THE MULTI-AXIAL FULL-SCALE SUB-STRUCTURED TESTING AND SIMULATION (MUST-SIM) FACILITY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

Seismic risk assessment is taking a giant leap by virtue of the unprecedented opportunities offered by the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulations (NEES), comprising state-of-the-art experiment sites networked by the most advanced cyberinfrastructure (NEESgrid) available worldwide. This paper introduces the vision of integrated experimental and computational simulation as articulated by the MUST-SIM team at the University of Illinois. Cases where the distributed simulation vision may be applied to enhance the realism, accuracy and economy of seismic performance assessment are given. The application scenarios presented fully utilize the NEES approach to aid in providing the basis to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on existing infrastructure and furnishing data upon which enhanced design procedures may be derived. The paper closes with the description of the software and hardware components of the MUST-SIM facility and its operational characteristics.
THE NEGLECT OF THE AUTHOR IN NEW HISTORICISM

When discussing the emergence of New Historicism in American scholarship, it is imperative to assess its origins and influences. Mikhail Bakhtin’s exploration of the multiples of languages within the novel and Michel Foucault’s analysis of the role of the author in texts both catapulted the development of New Historical scholarship. Today, this method of scholarship approaches the author as a non-autonomous agent subjected by the multiple social, political, and cultural forces of his or her era. Similarly, literature is perceived as an art form not unique from others and should be analyzed to point toward overarching power structures to the same degree as any other mode of representation. In considering the author as a social construct, many New Historicists neglect to perceive the author as a potential formulator or modifier of reigning ideology. The fact of the matter is that literature is able to shape the ideology of a society, not merely represent it. In viewing the author as a construct of his time period, critics fail to attempt to determine which literary works were revolutionary in their ability to manipulate and change a given society’s underlying modes of thinking and practice.
Book Review of Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method by Reuven Y. Rubenstein

(1982). Book Review of Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method by Reuven Y. Rubenstein. American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 159-163.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT AND A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Regulatory requirements and social constraints make it necessary to evaluate the environmental effects of a project and to incorporate into the design features to minimize adverse environmental impacts. This paper presents a case history of efforts to meet these requirements for a coastal power plant in southern California, Southern California Edison Company and San Diego Gas & Electric Company are jointly now constructing two additional units to the existing San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, Being added are Units 2 and 3, The site, about 84 acres (34 ha,), is located within Camp Pendleton, a United States Marine Corps Base, about halfway between San Diego and Los Angeles, Califoria, The site (See Figure 1) is situated on the edge of a narrow coastal plain that extends from the coastline to a range of low hills, two miles inland, that have a maximum elevation of 1,725 feet (525 m) above sea level. The plain terminates at the beach in a line of wave-straightened cliffs, extending 60 to 80 feet (18 to 24m) above a narrow sandy beach. Numerous ravines are cut into the cliffs as a result of erosion by storm runoff from the coastal plain, Oceanographic features at the San Onofre site include a sandy bottom which slopes gradually to a depth of 60 feet (18 m) at about 10,000 feet (3,000 m) offshore. Mean maximum summer surface water temperature is about 73°F (23°C). During the fall and winter the water column is usually thermally homogeneous with a minimum temperature of approximately 56°F (13°C). Ocean currents at the site are chiefly tidally induced, although large scale low velocity circulation patterns are generally present. Very near to the southern California coast, local currents are influenced primarily by a combination of wind, tide, and local topography. The total current is ordinarily the sum of components due to wind, tide, and perhaps large-scale ocean circulations. Speed of the total current measured at San Onofre typically ranges from 0.10 to 1,75 knots, but averages 0.2 knots. San Onofre, Units 2 and 3 are being constructed southeast of, and immediately adjacent to existing Unit 1. Both the existing and the units under construction generate electrical power by using pressurized water nuclear reactors. Unit 1 has a capacity of 450 MWe and began commercial operation in 1968, Units 2 and 3 will each have a rated electrical output of 1,100 MWe. Commercial operation of Unit 2 is scheduled to begin in October 1981, and Unit 3 in January of 1983,
A Model Development for Evaluating Soot-NOx Interactions in a Blended 2-Way Diesel Particulate Filter/Selective Catalytic Reduction

The 2-way diesel particulate filter/selective catalytic reduction (DPF/SCR) emission reduction system has been considered as a potential candidate for future emission standards owing to its advantages in cost savings and packaging flexibility. For the 2-way device, Cu–zeolite is coated inside the DPF substrate as nitrogen oxide (NOx) reducing (DeNOx) catalytic material. Therefore, when exhaust gas passes through the 2-way device, NOx reduction and soot filtration occur simultaneously. However, the operating characteristics of the combinatorial device might be different from individual DPF and SCR devices. In this work, a previously developed model was improved to include soot filtration and oxidation. The model has been tested and validated with experimental data from a reactor flow bench in a systematic manner and applied to capture the effect of soot deposits on NOx reduction performance in a 2-way DPF/SCR device. Accordingly, the soot oxidation characteristics of a 2-way device are investigated with va...
Abstract 2528: Therapeutic targeting of a novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolate to human solid tumors based on selective uptake by PCFT

The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is a proton-folate symporter with an acidic pH optimum, such that PCFT may provide a mechanism for targeting cytotoxic antifolates to tumors, based on their acidic microenvironments (pH 6.2-6.8). PCFT transcripts and protein are high in human solid tumor tissues and cell lines (especially hepatic and ovarian tumors) and limited in most human normal tissues. We identified a novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolate (AG71) that is a selective transport substrate for PCFT over the ubiquitously expressed reduced folate carrier (RFC) and a potent inhibitor of the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthetic enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) formyl transferase (GARFTase). Both AG71 and the clinically relevant antifolate pemetrexed (Pmx) were potently inhibitory toward proliferation of a HeLa subline (R1-11-PCFT4) that lacked RFC expression and was engineered to ectopically express physiologically relevant PCFT levels. Unlike Pmx, AG71 did not inhibit proliferation of R1-11-RFC6 cells which express physiologically relevant RFC levels but no PCFT. In colony-forming assays at pH 6.8, AG71 inhibited colony formation of R1-11-PCFT4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, comparable to Pmx. We measured uptake of [3H]AG71 in R1-11-PCFT4 cells and found that transport was optimal at pH 5.5 but still significant at pH 6.8. At pH 6.8, AG71 was metabolized by folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthase to AG71 polyglutamates, as detected by HPLC. GARFTase was validated as a major intracellular target with an in situ GARFTase activity assay at pH 6.8 involving [14C]glycine incorporation into [14C]formyl GAR. In HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, PCFT levels were elevated and [3H]AG71 was transported at pH 6.8, whereupon it was extensively metabolized to polyglutamates. By proliferation assays, AG71 was potently inhibitory (IC50 of 227.5 nM) toward HepG2 cells. To test in vivo efficacy of AG71, SCID mice were implanted with subcutaneous HepG2 tumors and treated with AG71 (180 mg/kg × 3d). Compound AG71 was highly active against HepG2 tumors. In conclusion, we have established the expression patterns and pH-specific transport for PCFT in human solid tumor cells and demonstrated that the novel PCFT-targeted antifolate AG71 can be internalized into tumor cells by PCFT leading to significant growth delay of HepG2 xenografts. Our findings offer exciting new therapeutic possibilities for selectively targeting chemotherapy to tumors with novel antifolates based on their acidic microenvironments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2528
Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Waterbird Surveys

Utilizing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can be an efficient and repeatable means of surveying wildlife, especially waterbirds. As with any technology in its infancy, case studies offer opportunit...
Translating Psychological Research into Policy, Advocacy and Programmes in International Development

Research in international development is largely focused on economics and public health, as demonstrated by the prominence of the World Bank and the World Health Organization in this area. Analysis at the global, regional and national level is often the preferred source of evidence for informing new programmes (The spelling ‘programme’ is used in this chapter because it is a standard way in the United Nations to refer to service delivery and other interventions in fieldwork. It distinguishes this type of work from other types of ‘program’ such as computer, entertainment and TV.), policies and advocacy efforts and is quite different from the majority of psychological research, which tends to examine localized issues with smaller population samples. There are, however, many advantages to the rigorous training that psychologists receive in research methods and ethics, including the value many donors place on quality metrics—particularly the experimental design, which is often considered the ‘gold standard’ for measuring impact. In contrast, psychologists’ tendency to investigate at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels tends to be less relevant for decisions made about nations, regions and beyond. This chapter presents the author’s observations about psychological research in international development, noting the advantages, disadvantages and opportunities for making it more applicable and influential to large-scale policy, advocacy and programming.
Millimeter wave attenuation performance of nickel coated bamboo fibre

The electroless nickel coated bamboo fibre was prepared as the millimeter wave smoke interfering materials and characterized by SEM(scannrng electron microscopy),and EDS(energy disptrsrve spectroscopy).The surface of the product was coated by nickel completely,and the elemental compositions of the plate was Ni/P alloy.The product's conventional physicochemical properties and the 3 mmW,and 8 mmW attenuation performance were studied as well. The results show that the real density of the nickel coated bamboo fibre is 2.45 g/mm3,that the aspect ratio is 15～50,that the particle size is 350～1 250 μm,and that the powder electrical resistivity is 19.14 μΩ·cm.The VSM results show that the nickel coated bamboo fibre is one kind of ferromagnetic material,that under conditions that the dispersed density is 7 g/m2,the 3 mmW static attenuation is 13.6 dB, and the 8 mmW static attenuation is 28.8 dB,and that the millimeter wave attenuation mechanism of the nickel coated bamboo is a comprehensive action of electric loss absorption,magnetic loss absorption and scattering.
A New Genus for Tortrix druana Walsingham, 1914 and a New Species from the Northern Neotropics (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini: Euliina)

ABSTRACT. Durangularia, gen.n., is described and illustrated from the northern Neotropics. As currently defined, the genus includes two species: D. druana (Walsingham, 1914), comb.n., from the southwestern U.S. (Arizona, Texas), Mexico, and Guatemala; and D. giganteana, sp.n., from Costa Rica. The new genus is assigned to Cochylini (Euliina) on the basis of the presence of non-deciduous cornuti in the phallus of the male genitalia and the absence of a signum in the female genitalia.
Genetic Epidemiology of Ascaris: Cross-transmission between Humans and Pigs, Focal Transmission, and Effective Population Size

The fields of conservation genetics and genetic epidemiology share many parallel questions. Hence, methodologies can be adapted from the former to the latter. Three applications of population genetics are presented to further our understanding of Ascaris epidemiology. (1) I address if Ascaris infections in humans and pigs constitute a single population or subdivided host-affiliated populations with potential for cross-transmission and hybridization. (2) I discuss the use of landscape genetics as a means to identify transmission foci and epidemiologically relevant variables correlated to parasite population substructure. (3) I propose the novel integration of the effective population size ( N e ) parameter into population monitoring and epidemiological studies of parasites in general. Using microsatellite data from a metapopulation of A. lumbricoides in Nepal, I demonstrate the utility of estimating N e with single-sample contemporary estimators, offer epidemiologically related questions that can be addressed with N e , and highlight assumptions of N e estimation related to Ascaris biology.
Novel function of MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) as a regulator of survival and stemness in glioma stem cells

// Sarmistha Talukdar 1,2 , Swadesh K. Das 1,2,3 , Anjan K. Pradhan 1,2 , Luni Emdad 1,2,3 , Xue-Ning Shen 1,2 , Jolene J. Windle 1,2,3 , Devanand Sarkar 1,2,3 and Paul B. Fisher 1,2,3 1 Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA 2 VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA 3 VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Correspondence to: Paul B. Fisher, email: // Keywords : MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP); stemness; glioma stem cells; survival; apoptosis Received : May 31, 2016 Accepted : July 07, 2016 Published : July 26, 2016 Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with current therapies only marginally impacting on patient survival. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells, are considered major contributors to glioma progression and play seminal roles in therapy resistance, immune evasion and increased invasion. Despite clinical relevance, effective/selective therapeutic targeting strategies for GSCs do not exist, potentially due to the lack of a definitive understanding of key regulators of GSCs. Consequently, there is a pressing need to identify therapeutic targets and novel options to effectively target this therapy-resistant cell population. The precise roles of GSCs in governing GBM development, progression and prognosis are under intense scrutiny, but key upstream regulatory genes remain speculative. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), a scaffold protein, regulates tumor pathogenesis in multiple cancers. Highly aggressive cancers like GBM express elevated levels of MDA-9 and contain increased populations of GSCs. We now uncover a unique function of MDA-9 as a facilitator and determinant of glioma stemness and survival. Mechanistically, MDA-9 regulates multiple stemness genes ( Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 ) through activation of STAT3. MDA-9 controls survival of GSCs by activating the NOTCH1 pathway through phospho-Src and DLL1. Once activated, cleaved NOTCH1 regulates C-Myc expression through RBPJK, thereby facilitating GSC growth and proliferation. Knockdown of MDA-9 affects the NOTCH1/C-Myc and p-STAT3/Nanog pathways causing a loss of stemness and initiation of apoptosis in GSCs. Our data uncover a previously unidentified relationship between MDA-9 and GSCs, reinforcing relevance of this gene as a potential therapeutic target in GBM.
The incidence of sperm-associated immunoglobulin and C3, the third component of complement, in infertile men

One hundred four consecutive men who underwent a semen analysis as part of their infertility evaluation were assayed for sperm-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) and the third component of complement (C3). Sixteen (15%) of the 104 men had increased IgG, and 10 (12%) of 86 men tested had increased IgA on their sperm; however, only 4 (5%) of the 87 men tested were positive for plasma IgG antisperm antibody. Only 2 (13%) of the 16 men with increased sperm-associated IgG had detectable IgG antisperm antibodies in their seminal plasma. Five (10%) of 50 men tested had increased sperm-associated C3; none had seminal plasma that deposited C3 on sperm. These data suggest that of the three compartments that can be tested—circulating plasma, seminal plasma, and the sperm surface—the direct measurement of sperm surface Ig may be most important in the evaluation of infertile men. The presence of sperm-associated IgG or IgA was not associated with semen abnormality. In contrast, the presence of sperm-associated IgG was associated with decreased mucus penetration at the time of postcoital testing despite normal-appearing mucus.
A large-scale adaptive magnetorheological elastomer-based bridge bearing

This study presents the design, development, testing, and performance evaluation of a scaled bridge bearing utilizing magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) layers as adaptive elements, which allow for a varying stiffness under a magnetic field. The adaptive bridge bearing system incorporates a closed-loop magnetic circuit that results in an enhanced magnetic field in the MRE layers. A new design is introduced and optimized using structural and magnetic finite element analyses. Two bearings and a test setup for applying simultaneous variable shear, constant compression, and a variable magnetic field on the bearing are fabricated. The adaptive bridge bearing results demonstrate the stiffness change of the bearing under different strain levels and loading frequencies, as well as the ability of the bearing to change its stiffness under different applied electric currents, which can be correlated to the applied magnetic field.
Modern pollen data from the Canadian Arctic, 1972–1973

This data descriptor reports results of a 1972-73 baseline study of modern pollen deposition in the Canadian Arctic to originally aid interpretation of Holocene pollen diagrams from that region, especially focussed on the arctic tree-line. The data set is geographically unique due to its extent, and allows the assessment of the effects of modern climate change on northern ecosystems, including fluctuations of the a arctic tree-line. Repeated sampling was conducted along an interior transect at 29 sites from the Boreal Forest to the High Arctic, with five additional coastal sites covering a total distance of 3,200 km. Static pollen samplers captured both local pollen and long-distance pollen wind-blown from the Boreal Forest. Moss and lichen polsters provided multi-year pollen fallout to assess the effectiveness of the static pollen samplers. The local vegetation was recorded at each site. This descriptor provides information on data archived at the World Data Center PANGAEA, which includes spreadsheets detailing site and sample information as well as raw and processed pollen data obtained on over 500 samples.
Ulnar Nerve Complications After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Elbow: A Systematic Review.

Background:While ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) of the elbow is an increasingly commonly performed procedure with excellent results reported in the published literature, less atten...
Liquid Phase Separation of Polar Hydrocarbons from Light Aromatics Using Zeolites

The liquid phase removal of low concentrations of polar compounds (acetonitrile, acrylonitrile and dioxane) from toluene by adsorption on zeolites reveals very high selectivity factors. Kinetic selectivity factors as high as 16,100 are observed. The selection of the zeolites (MFI, MWW and FAU type) allowed the study of the effects of varying aluminum content, the presence and absence of acidic centers and varying pore volumes. To assess the relative effectiveness of each adsorbent, both equilibrium and continuous flow, pseudo equilibrium, breakthrough experiments were conducted. The continuous flow experiments were carried out at 25 and 75°C. The zeolites H-ZSM-5, H-MCM-22 and Na-X are highly effective in removing the polar compounds from toluene to a concentration level down to less than 20 ppm (detection limit). The results obtained with the equilibrium batch experiments are confirmed by the continuous flow breakthrough experiments.
Communication between African Americans and Korean Americans: Before and After the Los Angeles Riots

(1993). Communication between African Americans and Korean Americans: Before and After the Los Angeles Riots. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 23-54.
Atomic Collisions with Sticky Nuclei

These lectures describe a field of overlap between atomic and nuclear physics, which is receiving increasing attention since it might provide new information about nuclear and atomic collisions. I use the word “might”, because, as you will see, the theoretical predictions are exciting and challenging, but the experiments are beset with severe backgrounds which make the detection of the desired effects very difficult.
Periodic Motion: Vibration and Oscillation

Much of the motion we will discuss in connection with sound and music will be of a special type in which something will move “back and forth.” In other words, if you were to anchor yourself at a given point in space, you would see the “something” return to that spatial point from time to time, with regularity. The motion covers a sequence of locations, and in each of these a periodic return and departure can be observed.
Reprints and Translations of the History

The question with which this book began was what and where are the materials necessary for a full and accurate appraisal of de Thou’s historiography? In preceding chapters we have established the means to obtaining a correct text of the History and have also described a number of other writings by de Thou, his secretaries, and his editors, which aid in explaining and interpreting that text. This chapter concludes our study of the works of de Thou by considering a quite different reason for erroneous interpretations of the historian, the publication of parts of the History as translations or extracts. With one or two exceptions these publications have no scholarly value, and reflect the intentions of the given publisher or translator rather than those of de Thou. Yet it is almost solely through these publications that de Thou’s ideas are known today.
Does preoperative pharmacologic prophylaxis reduce the rate of venous thromboembolism in pancreatectomy patients

Abstract Background Whether the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be reduced by preoperative administration of prophylactic heparin is unknown. We hypothesized that timing of heparin administration does not significantly alter the incidence of VTE in pancreatic surgery. Methods An analysis was conducted using data from Massachusetts General Hospital's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2012 to 2017. All patients admitted for elective pancreatic resection were included. The primary outcome was development of VTE. Multivariable regression was performed, adjusting for patient demographics and various clinical factors. Results In total, 1448 patients were analyzed, of whom 1062 received preoperative heparin (73.3%). Overall, 36 (2.5%) patients developed VTE. On unadjusted analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between patients who received preoperative heparin compared with those who did not (2.6% vs. 1.3%, respectively; p = 0.079). On adjusted analysis, there was an association with increased VTE rates among patients who received preoperative heparin (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.10–7.81; p = 0.031). Conclusion There was an association between preoperative heparin administration and increased incidence of VTE on adjusted analysis, possibly reflecting appropriate surgical judgment in patient selection for prophylaxis. These data question the inclusion of preoperative VTE pharmacologic prophylaxis as a reliable quality indicator.
Designing Protocols (P)

Protocols (P) are tools that can be used to achieve O. Outcomes of an embodiment are very much determined by which protocols are used and how well they are implemented (e.g., sufficient positive or negative consequences associated with each element of the protocol). In this chapter, I discuss the key steps involved in (re)designing P.
Autophagy and cancer: Modulation of cell death pathways and cancer cell adaptations

Autophagy is intricately linked with many intracellular signaling pathways, particularly nutrient-sensing mechanisms and cell death signaling cascades. In cancer, the roles of autophagy are context dependent. Tumor cell-intrinsic effects of autophagy can be both tumor suppressive and tumor promotional. Autophagy can therefore not only activate and inhibit cell death, but also facilitate the switch between cell death mechanisms. Moreover, autophagy can play opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Preclinical data support a tumor-promotional role of autophagy in established tumors and during cancer therapy; this has led to the launch of dozens of clinical trials targeting autophagy in multiple cancer types. However, many questions remain: which tumors and genetic backgrounds are the most sensitive to autophagy inhibition, and which therapies should be combined with autophagy inhibitors? Additionally, since cancer cells are under selective pressure and are prone to adaptation, particularly after treatment, it is unclear if and how cells adapt to autophagy inhibition. Here we review recent literature addressing these issues.
The Bildung of the professional class: development’s narrative genres in Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Invisible Weevil

Global development discourse presupposes a close relationship between nations and the professionals who administer them. This paper uses formal analysis to articulate problems of political represen...
Small Teaching Transactional Skills in the Legal Writing Classroom

Calls to increase the teaching of transactional skills, including transactional drafting skills, have continued to amplify in recent years. Although many law schools have addressed this need in upper-level courses, clinics, and concentrations, law schools can do more to address this need in the first year curriculum, including in the first year Legal Writing course. This article asserts that Legal Writing professors can address this need in the first year curriculum by introducing transactional skills through small teaching. Small teaching is a teaching technique rooted in the learning sciences that focuses on making small strategic changes to the syllabus in order to introduce small-scale low stakes exercises and examples. Using small teaching techniques to introduce transactional skills, professors need not recreate their course, but can instead achieve the goal of integrating transactional skills into objective and persuasive assignments while also reaping the proven student-oriented learning benefits of small teaching.