cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moments of residence time distributions for cascades of stirred vessels with backmixing

Abstract Moments of residence time distributions are calculated, as obtained in a cascade of stirred vessels with backmixing upon the introduction of a peak feed of a tracer. To this end a method published elsewhere [1] based on partial difference equations, is further worked out and extended For the general case of tracer feed and tracer observation at arbitraty points, the zeroth, first, second and central second moments are given. This treatment includes observation upstream, which is the true backmixing case. For the special case of feeding in the first and observing in the last stage, the third and central third moments are also given. A comparison with recent literature is presented.
Pets go to College: The Influence of Pets on Students' Perceptions of Faculty and Their Offices

The present study examined the effects of the presence of a pet in a professor's office on college students' perceptions of the office and the professor. Students (n=257) were randomly assigned to view a slide of an office that contained either a dog, a cat, or no animal. Students perceived the office to be more comfortable and the professor to be friendlier when there was a dog in the office than when there was a cat or no animal in the office. They also perceived the professor who occupied the office with a cat to be less busy than the professors who occupied the offices with a dog and with no animal. These results imply that professors may be able to positively influence students' impressions of them by having a dog or a cat in their offices.
An intrinsic state generating the ground state rotational band of a deformed nucleus and its approximate equivalence to an algebraic-variational treatment: Illustration by an exactly soluble model

Abstract We construct a class of intrinsic or trial states to generate the ground state band of a rotating nucleus in a highly schematized shell model possessing R(5) symmetry. This model is described in the preceding paper. The exponential form of the state links this work to a line of recent developments tracing back ultimately to the work of Jancovici and Schiff on the generator coordinate method. For the present case the state is a product of BCS states and is seen to contain more general (four-particle) correlations than a single deformed BCS state. A technique for the construction of the states is described. The major result of this paper is the proof that the cranking variational principle associated with the trial state is essentially equivalent (exactly equivalent in the thermodynamic or large system limit) to the algebraic-variational method described in the preceding paper, when the latter is restricted to the oneband approximation. The existence of sharp phase transitions in the model is then investigated analytically. A spherical to deformed transition is thus confirmed, as well as an anti-pairing transition. As explained, this is unrelated to the Coriolis anti-pairing phenomena.
Differences in Consumption Patterns of Farm and Nonfarm Households in the United States

This article examines the hypothesis of differential consumption patterns in farm and nonfarm households, using the 1960–1961 BLS and USDA survey of consumer expenditure data. Comparisons were based on Engel curves for major consumer categories of consumption. Parameters of Engel curves were derived by OLS and TSLS. The results of the comparisons clearly indicate that consumption patterns differ significantly in the two households for the United States as a whole, although the differences are not as marked on a regional basis. The level and stability of income are not important factors contributing to the differences.
Amygdala kindling alters N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit messenger RNA expression in the rat supraoptic nucleus

Intense electrical activity throughout the brain which results from generalized epileptic or kindled seizures is thought to cause persistent and widespread neuronal plastic changes. We have previously reported that stage 5 kindled seizures cause an increase in vasopressin messenger RNA content and nitric oxide synthase activity in neuroendocrine cells of the supraoptic nucleus which lasts for at least four months after the last seizure. To evaluate whether changes in the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits might contribute to these effects, the expression of NR1, NR2A, NR2B. NR2C and NR2D subunit messenger RNAs was examined by in situ hybridization in neuroendocrine cells of the supraoptic nucleus one month after amygdala kindling to stage 5 seizures. No change in NR1 subunit messenger RNA expression was seen. In contrast, NR2B subunit messenger RNA was significantly increased. by about 63%, and NR2D subunit messenger RNA was significantly decreased, by about 22%. indicating a shift in NR2 subunit messenger RNA expression. NR2B subunit messenger RNA was also significantly increased in adjacent limbic structures. The long-lasting shift towards increased NR2B and decreased NR2D messenger RNA expression after kindling suggests that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2 composition may be an important factor in the maintenance of pathological plasticity following generalized seizures. If these changes in messenger RNA are translated into increased NR2B and decreased NR2D subunits in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in vivo, both a decrease in sensitivity due to a strong magnesium block and an increase in channel ion gating might be predicted.
Language and culture: Critical components of multicultural teacher education

This article identifies components of a course on multiculturalism in teacher education. The course proposes four stages of awareness: ethnic identity exploration; development of knowledge in language and literacy acquisition; refinement of a repertoire for cultural ways of teaching and learning; and selection of a teaching style. A variety of readings and activities for teacher education are proposed.
Two ways to catch a wave (oscilloscopes)

Digital and analog oscilloscopes are compared. It is shown that digital oscilloscopes can compete with the best analog types when they are used with analog-to-digital converters that run at 4 Gsamples/s. The advantages of the digital instruments are examined. >
Microfluidic Networks Made of Poly(dimethylsiloxane), Si, and Au Coated with Polyethylene Glycol for Patterning Proteins onto Surfaces

Microfluidic networks (μFNs) are passive (self-filling) devices incorporating microchannels for guiding minute volumes of fluids over surfaces. μFNs can be employed to localize the deposition of proteins from aqueous solutions onto substrates, for example. The walls of the channels must be hydrophilic for this purpose and should ideally resist the adsorption of proteins. We made μFNs using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), Si/SiO2, and Au-covered Si and derivatized them with poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) to fulfill both of these requirements. The grafting of the PEG molecules is optimized for either type of μFN: the networks from PDMS and silicon are derivatized using PEG-silanes and the Au-coated networks are derivatized with a thiolated PEG. Additionally, the zones of the Au-covered Si μFNs separating the channels are selectively covered with a hydrophobic thiol using microcontact printing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements indicate that all grafted layers have the expected c...
Actin Protofilament Orientation at the Erythrocyte Membrane

The short actin filaments in the erythrocyte's membrane skeleton are shown to be largely oriented tangent to the lipid bilayer. Actin "proto"-filaments have previously been described as junctional centers intertriangulated by spectrin; however, the protofilaments may simultaneously serve as pinning centers between the network and the overlying bilayer. The latter function now seems of particular importance because near-normal network assembly has been reported with transgenic mouse sphero-erythrocytes that lack the primary linkage protein Band 3. To assess possible physical constraints on actin protofilaments in intact membranes, fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) has been used to study rhodamine phalloidin-labeled red cell ghosts. A basis for interpreting FPM images of cells is provided by FPM applied to isolated actin filaments. These are labeled with the same rhodamine probes and imaged at various orientations with respect to the polarizers, including filament orientations perpendicular to the image plane. High aperture and fluorophore conjugation effects are found to be minimal, enabling development of a simple, semi-empirical model which indicates that protofilaments are generally within approximately 20 degrees of the membrane tangent plane.
Multiple-pupil interaction for parallel processing in a scanning optical system

Abstract We describe a scanning optical processing system using multiple pupil interaction with temporal frequency offsets. The system employes a detuned Fabry-Perot driven by a piezoelectric transducer to illuminate the different pupils with beams of different frequencies. Subsequent heterodyning and electronic filtering are used to demodulate the different signals which are displayed as parallel outputs. A parallel four-band spatial frequency filter is demonstrated as an example.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human genetic disease

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors represent a family of ligand-gated ion channels that are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. To date, 16 genes encoding subunits of mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been identified. The various subunits form homomeric or heteromeric receptor proteins, allowing for a complex and adaptable system of nicotinic neurotransmission. Mutations of nicotinic receptor genes can cause Mendelian disorders, most importantly congenital myasthenic syndromes, multiple pterygium syndromes, and nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsies. Haploinsufficiency of CHRNA7 predisposes to neuropsychiatric phenotypes in 15q13.3 deletion syndrome. The role of various nicotinic receptor genes is also discussed for complex disorders such as addiction, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease.
The Vaccine Safety Datalink: successes and challenges monitoring vaccine safety

The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a collaborative project between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 9 health care organizations. Established in 1990, VSD is a vital resource informing policy makers and the public about the safety of vaccines used in the United States. Large linked databases are used to identify and evaluate adverse events in over 9 million individuals annually. VSD generates rapid, important safety assessments for both routine vaccinations and emergency vaccination campaigns. VSD monitors safety of seasonal influenza vaccines in near-real time, and provided essential information on the safety of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine during the recent pandemic. VSD investigators have published important studies demonstrating that childhood vaccines are not associated with autism or other developmental disabilities. VSD prioritizes evaluation of new vaccines; searches for possible unusual health events after vaccination; monitors vaccine safety in pregnant women; and has pioneered development of biostatistical research methods.
Reinterpretation of the Franklin “Shore” in the Mid-Atlantic bight as a paleo-shelf edge

Abstract The presence of a scarp sub-parallel to, but landward of, the modern continental shelf edge is commonly used to infer a fossil shoreline preserved during the course of a sea level rise and shoreline transgression. Advances in geophysical imaging, including bathymetric data compilations and high-resolution acoustic reflection, merit a review of these scarps and their origins. We focus on the Mid-Atlantic Bight, east coast of the United States, where four siliciclastic fossil shorelines have previously been identified and are still cited as such in the literature. Two of the scarps are not in evidence in the newest compilation of bathymetry. A third, the Mid-Shelf Scarp, is of limited extent and, as established in previous studies, represents a seaward edge of delta lobes rather than a fossil shoreline. The fourth, the Franklin Scarp, is a major topographic feature that extends from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod. However, morphologic and stratigraphic evidence leads us to conclude that, instead of a fossil shore, this scarp represents a paleo-shelf edge, likely formed during the MIS 4 lowstand (~65 ka). Both the modern shelf edge and the Franklin Scarp deepen to the north by ~50 m, while systematically maintaining a depth offset of ~40 m. This observation, which cannot be attributed to glacial isostatic processes, is enigmatic but suggests fundamental environmental controls on the depth of the clinoform rollover. Furthermore, all the major shelf-indenting canyons in the Mid-Atlantic Bight are bounded landward by the Franklin Scarp, which suggests that interfluve progradation may be a more significant mechanism for growth of these canyons than headward erosion.
Design and performance of a MEMS-based infrared multi-object spectrometer

The Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer (IRMOS) is an innovative near-IR instrument employing an array of MEMS micro mirrors for focal plane target selection. IRMOS is a joint project of the Space Telescope Science Institute, the NASA James Webb Space Telescope, and the Kitt Peak National Observatory and will shortly become available to the community at Kitt Peak. IRMOS uses a Texas Instruments 848x600 element DMD as a micro mirror array to synthesize slits to obtain up to 100 simultaneous spectra. It provides R~300, 1000, and 3000 spectroscopy in the J, H, and K bands plus R~1000 in Z together with imaging in all bands. Designed for the KPNO 4 and 2.1-meter telescopes, IRMOS will provide 3x2 and 6x4 arc minute fields of view on these telescopes. We describe the design and status of IRMOS, summarize its expected performance, and present early test data from system level lab tests.
Periodontal Osseous Defects Associated with Vitally Submerged Roots

1. Vital roots associated with periodontal osseous defects can be clinically submerged beneath a soft tissue flap. 2. Connective tissue fibers filled the submerged osseous defects and were oriented parallel to the root surfaces in the majority of cases. 3. New cementum lined the root surface at the base of two successfully submerged defects, but was not apparent on the dentin amputation sites of any submerged roots. 4. Eight of the nine clinically submerged defects exhibited positive radiographic changes. The six control defects showed no positive radiographic changes. 5. All successfully submerged defects showed histologic evidence of new bone formation. New bone formation was not apparent in any of the control defects or nonsubmerged defects. 6. Either no epithelium or only a narrow band of epithelium was associated with the successfully submerged roots. A connective tissue inflammatory infiltrate was not present within the submerged defects. 7. The defects of all control teeth and nonsubmerged experimental roots contained epithelial downgrowth accompanied by a chronic inflammatory response in the connective tissue. 8. Pulpal tissues associated with submerged roots appeared vital without significant degenerative or inflammatory changes. Pulpal tissue was continuous with overlying connective tissue.
Discrimination of rotation from linear motion: influence of interference gratings and dichoptic viewing.

Summmry.-Observers viewed a screen on which a number of patches containing horizontally moving pixels were presented. Target patches consisted of pixels whose motion simulated the rotation of a cylinder around its Y-axis; distractors, of pixels whose motion was linear. The task was to assess whether a display contained a target patch. Exp. 1 showed that the superposition of the displays with drifting sine-wave gratings interfered with rotation detection in a spatial- and temporal-frequency specific manner. In Exp. 2, dichoptic presentation peatly reduced the interference of the drifting gratings. It is argued on various grounds that the process(es) responsible for the detection and discrimination of rotating structure in depth exists at a low level of the visual system. The results of recent studies suggest that the perceptual process responsible for the recovery of structure-from-motion in dynamic three-dunensional displays relies on a low-level; perhaps short-range, motion process (e.g., Dick, Ullman, & Sagi, 1991; Mather, 1989; Peters&, 1987; Todd, Akerstrom, Reichel, & Hayes, 1988). Further, the discrimination of the pattern of local movements associated with structure from motion versus linear motion appears to require little allocation of attention, even when several dstractors are present (Petersik, 1996). Using the same stirnd as Petersik (1996), we report new experiments that support the notion that the recovery of structure-from motion is a relatively low-level visual process. In particular, we asked whether interference stimuh, i.e., superimposed motion of sine wave gratings, could either disrupt the abdity to discriminate rotation-in-depth from hear motion or add to the attentional demands required by such discriminations. In a second experiment, we wanted to localize the rotation-detection process partially by presenting rotating and hear-motion stimd to one eye while presenting interference gratings to the other eye.
Indicators for Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Perspective

Assessment of risk to public health or environmental resources requires competent characterization of stressors and corresponding effects. Because of the complexity of most stressor-response relationships, it is impossible to completely characterize all the variables, so a select set of measurements is made to reflect the most critical components. Such measurements, or indicators, are included in monitoring programs to estimate trend, stressor source, or magnitude of effects and lead to thresholds for management action or restoration. Although a wide variety of programs and program objectives exists, there are some common challenges for indicator development, including a strong link to management actions. Indicator measurements used in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk assessment activities must stem from collaboration among managers, risk assessors, scientists and stakeholders. The primary objective of the USEPA's Fifth Symposium of the National Health and Ecological Effects Research Labo...
Electrophysiological Indices of Lexical Processing: The Effects of Verb Complexity and Age.

To further investigate the effects that argument structure can have on language processing, reaction-time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected for 14 younger subjects (M = 23 ...
Natural temporal variability of atmospheric acoustic absorption coefficients

Abstract Since acoustic absorption coefficients depend upon environmental temperature and humidity, they vary in response to chaning atmospheric conditions on a variety of time scales. This natural temporal variability is often neglected in outdoor noise assessment work, where averaged meteorological data are used to estimate absorption. In this study the authors assess the validity of calculating absorption coefficients from meteorological data which have been averaged on various time scales. The results indicate that the use of annual mean meteorological data can result in frequency-dependent r.m.s. errors ranging from 20 to 50%. Seasonal averaging can result in r.m.s. errors of 20 to 30%. Even daily averages may be unsatisfactory: for some of the cases presented absorption changes by 200% during the course of a single day.
A systematic review of LDL apheresis in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

LDL apheresis is an effective method of lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who are either refractory to treatment or intolerant of medical therapy. We searched the medical literature through July 2004 using PubMed and Medline and the search terms "LDL apheresis", "cardiovascular", and "disease" to identify apheresis techniques and to evaluate their effects on cardiovascular pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. We conclude that LDL apheresis reduces cardiovascular events in hypercholesterolemic patients and may be an effective treatment for other vascular diseases including cholesterol embolic disease, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, sudden hearing loss, and age-related macular degeneration.
Mb/s data transmission over a RF fiber-optic link using a LiNbO3 microdisk modulator

Abstract For the first time, we demonstrate data transmission over a radio frequency (RF) fiber-optic link using a LiNbO 3 microdisk configured to modulate an optical carrier. Initial experimental results demonstrate high-quality data transmission up to 100 Mb/s on a 8.7 GHz RF carrier.
Optical temperature gradient measurements using speckle photography

Abstract The grainy appearance of a diffusing object illuminated by a monochromatic source such as laser light is known as ‘laser speckle’. This paper presents an optical method for measuring temperature gradients in liquids, based on this phenomena. Double exposure speckle photography is used to measure temperature gradients in liquids heated from below, in the Rayleigh number range 1.5–276 where the heat transfer is by conduction. Comparison with thermocouple measurements yields reasonable agreement. A few experiments illustrating the feasibility of using ‘speckle’ to study convection problems in the Rayleigh number range 4600–8957 are included.
Using Journal Citation Reports and SHERPA RoMEO to Facilitate Conversations on Institutional Repositories

This article describes a technique using the Thomson Reuters’ Journal Citation Reports and the SHERPA RoMEO Web site to identify a set of core journals in a discipline and determine whether the journals’ publishers allow preprint or postprint archiving in their copyright transfer agreements.
Quantitative studies on the antagonism by naloxone of some narcotic and narcotic-antagonist analgesics.

Abstract 1. Naloxone was used to study the antagonism of the analgesic effects of some narcotics (morphine sulphate, levorphanol tartrate, and methadone hydrochloride) and narcotic antagonists (pentazocine, cyclazocine, and nalorphine hydrochloride). The analgesic assay used was the mouse phenylbenzoquinone stretching test. 2. The in vivo equivalent of a pA2 value (apparent pA2) for naloxone was determined with each agonist. These values were found to be significantly larger with the narcotics than with the narcotic antagonists. 3. The slopes in the apparent pA2 plots were also found to be significantly different. It was concluded that this difference in slopes was probably not due to a lack of equilibrium in one of the two groups of analgesics. 4. The results suggest that the narcotic and the narcotic-antagonist analgesics may inhibit stretching in this assay by interacting either with two different receptors or with the same receptor in a different manner.
Adriamycin: a proposal on the specificity of drug action.

Abstract Adriamycin has been found to decrease the gel to liquid crystal transition temperature of liposomal membranes of varying compositions. However, when a low level of cardiolipin was inserted into a lecithin-containing membrane matrix, drug interaction caused the opposite effect on the thermal transition. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be indicative of specificity in the cytotoxic action of adriamycin on tumors, because evidence exists which indicates that certain neoplastic cells may contain cardiolipin in their plasma membrane and thus present a different surface to the drug than a non-malignant cell.
Real-time video mosaicking robust to dynamic scenes

This paper presents a system for creating a mosaic image from a sequence of images with moving objects present in the scene. This system first uses SIFT-based image registration on the entire image to obtain the initial global projection matrix. After image segmentation, the global motion model is applied to each region for evaluation. The transformation matrix is refined for best projection in each region, and a more precise global transformation matrix is calculated based upon local projections on majority of coherent regions. As a consequence this method is robust to disturbances to the projection model induced by moving objects and motion parallax. In the image blending stage, pixels in coherent regions are weighted by their distances from the overlapping edges to achieve a seamless panorama, while heterogeneous regions are cut and pasted to avoid ghosting or blurring. The most recent information regarding location, shape, and size of the moving foreground objects is therefore reflected in the panorama. Constructed mosaics are presented to demonstrate the performance and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
A national survey of pediatric residents and delivery room training experience.

Objective To investigate current delivery room training experience in US pediatric residency programs and the relationship between volume of delivery room training and confidence in neonatal resuscitation skills. Study design Links to a web-based survey were sent to pediatric residency programs and distributed to residents. The survey concerned delivery room attendance during training and comfort level in leading neonatal resuscitation for various scenarios. Comfort level was rated on a 1 to 9 scale. Mixed models accounted for residency programs as random effects. Results For PL-3s, the mean number of deliveries attended was 60 (standard deviation, 43), ranging from 13 to 143 deliveries for individual residency programs. Residents' confidence level in leading neonatal resuscitation was higher when attending more deliveries, with 90.3% of those attending >48 deliveries having average score 5 or greater vs 51.5% of those attending Conclusions Wide variability existed within and among residency programs in number of deliveries attended. Volume of experience correlated with confidence in leading neonatal resuscitation and related procedural skills.
Rapid reversible immobilization of feral stallions using etorphine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate.

Forty-eight newly captured free-ranging feral stallions (Equus caballus) from two different locations and six captive stallions were immobilized using combinations of etorphine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate with or without acepromazine. Six animals were immobilized twice, 1 mo apart. The drugs were administered either intramuscularly (n = 13) or intravenously (n = 44). Mean immobilization time (±SE) after intravenous (i.v.) injection of etorphine, xylazine and atropine was 55 ± 4 sec (range 20 to 185 sec) compared to 708 ± 131 sec (range 390 to 1,140 sec) for intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Immobilization was reversed with i.v. administration of 3 to 11 mg diprenorphine hydrochloride and 16 to 24 mg yohimbine hydrochloride. Average time from administration to standing and walking was 86 ± 7 sec (n = 55). Reversal of etorphine-induced immobilization with an amount of diprenorphine equal to the etorphine and administered i.v. was as effective as a 2:1 ratio of diprenorphine to e...
Photochemistry and photophysics of novel photoinitiators: N,N,N-tributyl-N-(4-methylene-7-methoxycoumarin) ammonium borates

Abstract The photochemistry and photophysics of N,N,N -tributyl- N -(4-methylene-7-methoxycoumarin) ammonium borates ( 1a–c ) were investigated by steady state spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis and product analysis. Drastic solvent effects were observed in the absorption and emission spectra. These can be explained on the basis of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between borate complexes and the solvent molecules. The fluorescence quantum yield is quite low in benzene and increases with increasing solvent polarity. The main pathway for the formation of photoproducts was shown to involve electron transfer from the borate anion to the singlet excited states of the coumarin leading to efficient formation of the separated radical pair in acetonitrile. The rate constants for excited state quenching correlate with the free energy for electron transfer estimated from the oxidation potential of the borate anions.
Corporate Communication as a Discipline Toward a Definition

Of the four disciplines under discussion in this special edition of Management Communication Quarterly, corporate communication is both the newest and perhaps the least understood. It is also the only one of the four that is specifically related to a functional area within organizations. This position article will first define the field of corporate communication as a discipline, then look at how it relates to the other subdisciplines under consideration (management communication, business communication, and organizational communication). The article will also focus on how corporate communication research is evolving.
Difference in chemical composition of atmospheric sea salt particles produced in the surf zone and on the open sea in Hawaii

Cascade impactor samples of atmospheric sea salt particles have been collected at a tower site on the east coast of Hawaii. In an-attempt to differentiate between surf-produced particles and particles produced by bubble bursting on the open sea, samples were collected simultaneously near the tower base and at the top of the tower, 24 meters above sea level. Analyses of the samples by neutron activation for iodine, bromine, and chlorine showed that the total bromine and chlorine concentration was 20–50 times higher at the tower base than at the tower top, whereas total iodine was only twice as high. The I/Cl ratio was a factor of 3–30 higher for samples collected at the tower top. Concentration per cubic meter vs particle size curves for all three halogens were considerably different for samples collected at the two elevations. This vertical gradient shows the large differences between spray particles from waves breaking on the shore and spray particles from waves breaking at sea. Great care must be exercized in selecting coastal sampling sites for the collection of atmospheric sea salt particles which are intended to be representative of particles present in the atmosphere over the open ocean. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1971.tb00586.x
Asthma with sinus disease: A comparision of radical sinus surgery and conservative treatment

Abstract 1.1. Twenty-five per cent of 720 office patients with asthma had sinus disease. 2.2. Seventy-one cases of asthma with sinus disease were selected from office and hospital records for detailed study. All were between the ages of 12 and 60 years. None had complications other than sinus disease. 3.3. Thirty-seven were treated conservatively. Thirty of them improved. 4.4. Thirty-four were treated by radical sinus surgery. Twenty-five of them improved. In 14, surgery seemed directly responsible for the improvement. In 11 other factors may have been responsible. 5.5. All 16 of the patients who failed to improve either cooperated poorly or had severe emotional disturbances. 6.6. Surgical results were disappointing in patients less than 30 years old. 7.7. Complete operation on all diseased sinuses seemed to lead to better results than incomplete operation. 8.8. Nonatopic patients had better results than atopic patients. 9.9. Patients with asthma and sinus infection should be treated with a combination of careful conservative management plus radical operation in selected cases.
Emerging Concepts in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma

Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is a relatively uncommon variant of urothelial carcinoma, but its recognition carries important prognostic and treatment implications. Micropapillary morphology occurs in neoplasms arising in many different organ systems and displays aggressive biologic behavior regardless of its site of origin. On account of this association, micropapillary features in urothelial carcinoma should be reported regardless of whether the pattern is focal or dominant. The overall prognosis for micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is poor and recent studies suggest that early treatment with cystectomy could improve outcome, as these tumors are unlikely to respond to chemotherapy when used as a secondary treatment modality. This review discusses the histologic features required for diagnosis and the clinical significance of rendering a diagnosis of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma.
Safety and Efficacy of Flumazenil in Reversing Conscious Sedation in the Emergency Department

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of flumazenil vs placebo in reversing fentanyl and midazolam-induced conscious sedation in ED patients undergoing a short, painful procedure. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 9 university-affiliated teaching hospitals. Patients >18 years of age requiring conscious sedation for a painful procedure expected to last <20 minutes were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients received 2 μg/kg of fentanyl, followed by midazolam titrated to the desired level of sedation. Patients were then randomized to receive either flumazenil or placebo in a 3:1 ratio (flumazenihplacebo). Vital signs, O2 saturation, and alertness were recorded at regular intervals. Prior to ED release, patients were asked to rate the amount of discomfort they experienced and the level of relaxation achieved on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). They also were questioned about their recall for the procedure and satisfaction with the drug regimen. Physicians also rated their satisfaction with the drug regimen on a 10-cm VAS. Results: Overall, 133 patients received flumazenil and 46 patients received placebo. Patients in the 2 groups received similar doses of midazolam. The patients who received flumazenil returned to baseline alertness earlier (11.1 min vs 24.8 min, p < 0.001) and at a faster rate than did the patients given placebo. Actual intervals from procedure completion until release from the ED did not differ between the 2 groups (98.2 ± 3.6 min flumazenil vs 96.9 ± 5.8 min placebo; p = 0.89). The amounts of discomfort experienced, levels of relaxation achieved, recalls for the procedure, and both patient and physician satisfactions were also similar for the 2 groups. There were no serious adverse effects related to the study drug, and minor adverse effects were similar for the 2 groups. Conclusion: Flumazenil is safe and efficacious in reversing midazolam-induced sedation in ED patients given a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to facilitate the performance of a short, painful procedure. The patients given flumazenil returned to baseline alertness earlier and at a faster rate than did the patients given placebo. However, flumazenil did not alter the actual interval from procedure completion until ED release.
Dual-mixed finite element approximation of Stokes and nonlinear Stokes problems using trace-free velocity gradients

In this work a finite element method for a dual-mixed approximation of Stokes and nonlinear Stokes problems is studied. The dual-mixed structure, which yields a twofold saddle point problem, arises in a formulation of this problem through the introduction of unknown variables with relevant physical meaning. The method approximates the velocity, its gradient, and the total stress tensor, but avoids the explicit computation of the pressure, which can be recovered through a simple postprocessing technique. This method improves an existing approach for these problems and uses Raviart-Thomas elements and discontinuous piecewise polynomials for approximating the unknowns. Existence, uniqueness, and error results for the method are given, and numerical experiments that exhibit the reduced computational cost of this approach are presented.
Daily and monthly maximum and minimum temperature datasets archived at NCAR and some applications

Abstract The temporal and spatial coverage of datasets archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research which contain daily and monthly station observations are briefly described. These datasets form one of the foundations for climate research. Most commonly they contain daily minimum and maximum temperatures (Tmin and Tmax, respectively) and precipitation. Other variables are reported less often: these include sea level pressure, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, cloud type, etc. A proposed project to establish a global dataset containing daily Tmin, Tmax and precipitation observations from stations extending back to 1900 is outlined: Finally, some examples of research results derived using these observations are described.
Carotenoids of the roseate spoonbill.

Abstract 1. 1. Adult roseate spoonbills, Ajaia ajaja, when fed a diet rich in carotenoids, store in their feathers the two keto-carotenoids canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, both firmly anchored to keratin. 2. 2. This general condition thus resembles findings in three flamingo species and in the scarlet ibis, all of which deposit canthaxanthin in their feathers, accompanied by astaxanthin (in the American and James's flamingos) or other acidogenic carotenoids (in the Chilean flamingo and scarlet ibis). 3. 3. Ajaia's storage of astaxanthin in exposed leg skin resembles a similar condition in the American and Chilean flamingos, but the presence of astaxanthin in its blood-plasma, moreover as the predominant carotenoid therein, seems to be unique amond birds.
Spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry for phase-sensitive measurement of Faraday rotation at multiple depths

We describe a method for differential phase measurement of Faraday rotation from multiple depth locations simultaneously. A polarization-maintaining fiber-based spectral-domain interferometer that utilizes a low-coherent light source and a single camera is developed. Light decorrelated by the orthogonal channels of the fiber is launched on a sample as two oppositely polarized circular states. These states reflect from sample surfaces and interfere with the corresponding states of the reference arm. A custom spectrometer, which is designed to simplify camera alignment, separates the orthogonal channels and records the interference-related oscillations on both spectra. Inverse Fourier transform of the spectral oscillations in k-space yields complex depth profiles, whose amplitudes and phase difference are related to reflectivity and Faraday rotation within the sample, respectively. Information along a full depth profile is produced at the camera speed without performing an axial scan for a multisurface sample. System sensitivity for the Faraday rotation measurement is 0.86 min of arc. Verdet constants of clear liquids and turbid media are measured at 687 nm.
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Assessment of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Antigen in Inactivated Vaccines using Polyclonal or Monoclonal Antibodies

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure was developed to assay the cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus strains used in inactivated vaccines licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture. The assay uses a biotin-labeled, staphylococcal protein A purified polyclonal BVD antibody (Bab) from a calf hyperimmuned against NADL, Singer, C24v, New York-1 (NY-1) strains and a field isolate. The Bab recognized the following reference strains of BVD virus: NADL; NY-1; C24v; Singer; and a field isolate. Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) directed against gp48 and gp53 of the Singer strain of BVD could detect only the Singer and the NY-1 strains. None of the Mab tested could differentiate between cytopathic and noncytopathic BVD virus strains. In vaccines containing multiple viral and bacterial components, the Bab was specific for the BVD fraction. Two vaccines not recognized by the Bab differed from the others in the type of adjuvant. The formation of antigen-adjuvant complexes during vaccine production may inhibit the ability of Bab to detect BVD antigens in an ELISA format. This ELISA procedure enables the detection of BVD antigens and demonstrates the potential for in vitro testing of inactivated BVD vaccines in place of the currently required host animal testing.
Safety and stability of superconducting magnets for fusion using internally cooled conductors

Vincent Arp's computer code for the stability analysis of internally cooled conductors (ICC) has been combined with ANL's TASS code to create the code SSICC for the analysis of the safety and stability of ICC. The code has been tested against the ICC experiments of Lue, Miller, and Dresner, and applied to the FED TF coil conductor.
Modeling of deterministic chaotic noise to improve target recognition

We discuss three measures to determine whether a given noise time sequence or time varying image has a deterministically generated chaotic component and the strength of that component: Lyapunov coefficients, Kolmogorov entropy, and fractal dimension. Results of computer experiments show that either a neural network or a polynomial model may be successfully used to model a logistic function chaotic sequence generator. Polynomials are also shown to model a Lorentz system. In all cases, the model generates chaotic noise with the same measures as the real noise data.
When immigrants are not migrants: counting arrivals of the foreign born using the U.S. census.

This paper compares characteristics of recent immigrant arrivals in the United States using two measures from the decennial U.S. census: the came-to-stay question and the migration question.... Among recent arrivals defined as those who reported they came to stay in the quinquennium preceding the census a large number were resident in the United States five years before the census date. Furthermore the proportion of recent arrivals present in the United States five years before the census increased between 1975-1980 and 1985-1990.... Generally in both the 1975-1980 and 1985-1990 cohorts those resident in the United States five years before the census have significantly less schooling and lower incomes than those who were abroad. (EXCERPT)
Light-Regulated and Organ-Specific Expression of Types 1, 2, and 3 Light-Harvesting Complex b mRNAs in Ginkgo biloba

In a prior study (E. Chinn and J. Silverthorne [1993] Plant Physiol 103:727–732) we showed that the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba was completely dependent on light for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development and that expression of light-harvesting complex b (Lhcb) mRNAs was substantially increased by light. However, dark-grown seedlings that were transferred to constant white light took significantly longer than angiosperm seedlings to initiate a program of photomorphogenesis and the stems failed to green completely. We have prepared type-specific probes for mRNAs encoding major polypeptides of light-harvesting complex II (Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3) and have used these to analyze the expression of individual Lhcb mRNAs during greening. All three sequences accumulated in the top portions of dark-grown seedlings transferred to light, but, as was seen previously for total Lhcb mRNAs, there was a transient, reproducible decline in the levels of all three mRNAs after 4 d in the light. This transient decrease in Lhcb mRNA levels was not paralleled by a decrease in Chl accumulation. By contrast, there were significantly lower levels of all three Lhcb mRNAs in the lower portions of greening dark-grown stems as well as lower Chl levels. We conclude that although the tops of the plants have the capacity to etiolate and green, Gingko seedling stems continue a program of development into woody tissue in darkness that precludes greening when the seedlings are transferred to the light.
Antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract isolates in acute uncomplicated cystitis among college-aged women: choosing a first-line therapy.

Objective and Participants The authors of this retrospective case study focused on antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract isolates in cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis in college-aged women, aged 18 to 24 years, diagnosed at a major south-central university student health center. Methods The authors obtained pertinent data from patient medical and laboratory records, including, diagnoses, urine culture, and susceptibility results. Results Of 179 isolates, 161 (90%) were Escherichia coli (E. Coli) isolates, of which 23% were resistant to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, < 1% were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, and < 1% were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Sixty-eight (42%) E. Coli isolates were multidrug resistant. There were 18 isolates cultured in the study group that were significant organisms other than E. coli. For all organisms in the study group, there was a combined resistance rate of 22% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, < 1.0% for Ciprofloxacin, and 7% for nitrofurantoin. Conclusions The findin...
Two distinct cytosolic calcium responses to extracellular ATP in rat parotid acinar cells

1. Increasing concentrations of ATP (0.5 microM-300 microM) produced a biphasic increase in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca]i in rat parotid acinar cells, reflecting two distinct Cai responses to extracellular ATP. 2. In the absence of Mg2+ (with 3 mM CaCl2 in the buffer solution), the more sensitive response was maximal at 3-5 microM and was not further increased by 30 microM ATP. This response to ATP was not well maintained and was blocked by ADP (0.5 mM). A second, much larger increase in Cai was observed on addition of 300 microM ATP. This larger effect, which we have described previously, appears to be mediated by ATP4-, and was selectively reversed by 4,4'-di-isothiocyanato-dihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate as well as by high concentrations of alpha,beta-methylene ATP. 3. Among ATP analogues, only the putative P2Z agonist, 3'-0-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP distinguished between the two responses. This analogue was at least 10 fold more potent than ATP in stimulating the ATP(4-)-response, but did not evoke the more sensitive response. The agonist potency series for both responses to ATP was identical for other analogues examined (ATP > ATP gamma S = 2-methylthio ATP (a P2y-selective agonist) >> ADP, ITP and alpha,beta-methylene ATP (a P2x-selective agonist)). 4. Although the effect of ATP4- could best be characterized as a P2z-type purinoceptor response, this effect was strongly and selectively blocked by reactive blue 2, a putative P2y-purinoceptor antagonist. Reactive blue 2 may bind to and block P2z purinoceptors since [gamma 32P]-ATP binding to parotid cells was inhibited by this compound. 5. In contrast to the response to ATP4-, the more sensitive response to ATP was potentiated by 2+ reactive blue 2 and was less affected by increases in external Mg2+ and Ca2+.6. Parasympathetic denervation selectively increased the more sensitive response, suggesting that it maybe physiologically regulated.
Dendritic cell genealogy: a new stem or just another branch?

Two papers in this issue report the isolation and characterization of a common clonal bone marrow precursor of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells.
Electrolytically deposited titanium dioxide films for dye sensitized solar cell applications

In this paper we report on the use of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films obtained through electrolytic deposition for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The deposition process consisted of two steps: deposition of titanium oxy-hydroxide films, and their heat treatment to get TiO 2 films. Deposited films were studied using AFM, SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. By sensitizing the films with Z709 dye DSSCs were fabricated and their performance under AM1.5 spectrum was studied. The study shows that: a) Etching as deposited films improves dye absorption; b) For this film deposition process to be suitable for large area applications it is necessary to devise a method to maintain a uniform distribution of current density throughout the substrate surface.