cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonuniform temperature boundary condition effects on data center cross flow heat exchanger dynamic performance

Abstract Cross flow heat exchangers are important components used in data center cooling systems. The thermal environment usually becomes very complex due to the cooling system design configuration, including individually operated IT equipment inside the data center. Nonuniform fluid inlet temperature conditions may become very common in the cross flow heat exchangers, and may impact the performance of these heat exchangers. In this study, cross flow heat exchanger performance is investigated accounting for the nonuniform input effect of fluid inlet temperature. Several types of nonuniform inlet temperature boundary condition model are developed, based on the several actual problems in data center thermal management. The detailed effect of these nonuniform temperature boundary conditions on both the steady state and transient responses of a crossflow heat exchanger are investigated. The combined effects of the physical model parameters with nonuniform temperature boundary conditions are also analyzed. Several specific cases related to the practical application situations of cross flow heat exchangers and thermal management in data centers are outlined and analyzed in this study.
The first and second order dynamics of accommodative convergence and disparity convergence

Main sequences, the function describing the relationship between eye movement amplitude and velocity, have been used extensively in oculomotor research as an indicator of first-order dynamics yet it is difficult to find main sequence analyses for accommodative vergence or for disparity vergence in isolation when all mitigating factors have been well controlled and there are no studies in which accommodative vergence and disparity vergence main sequences have been generated for the same group of subjects. The present study measured main sequences in: (1) accommodative vergence with disparity vergence open loop, (2) disparity vergence with accommodation open loop, and (3) combinations of accommodative and disparity vergence. A dynamic AC/A ratio was defined and was found to be similar to the traditional static AC/A ratio. Vergence acceleration was measured for all conditions. A pulse-step model of accommodation and convergence was constructed to interpret the dynamics of the crosslinked interactions between the two systems. The model supports cross-coupling of both the pulse and step components and simulates the primary empirical findings that: (1) disparity vergence has a higher main sequence slope than accommodative vergence, (2) both accommodative and disparity vergence acceleration increase with response amplitude whereas accommodation acceleration does not.
Aracruz Celulose: best practices icon but still at risk

Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to illustrate the global risks facing an award‐winning company known for best practices in sustainability and HRM that, nevertheless, is challenged by a contentious land dispute with indigenous communities and numerous stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – This is a case study based primarily on secondary sources, such as reports and web sites of the company and its stakeholders.Findings – Aracruz Celulose SA, a Brazilian pulp company founded by a Norwegian, owns legal title to land claimed by indigenous communities. As a result, they face a complex array of additional stakeholders with contradictory perspectives: local and international non‐governmental organizations, various Brazilian and Norwegian Government entities, the World Bank, and investors. The company runs the risk of losing land and assets, reputation, and investors. There are few simple solutions to the dilemma of unresolved property rights and agrarian reform problematic in much of Latin Amer...
“I was my momma baby. I was my daddy gal”: Strategic stories of success

This paper is inspired by recent trends in narrative research that orient to the meaning-making actions of those involved in describing the life course. Applying concepts of narrative, discourse, and contrast, the complex meaning of growing up is presented by way of Lakeesha’s story, one of the 20 women interviewed for a project on African American gender socialization. Rather than viewing the participant in question as having been subject to the ostensible forces and parameters of socialization, she was offered the opportunity to represent her growing-up experiences in her own terms. She talked herself into being, situating herself as a particular type of women throughout her growing-up story — strategically employing and manipulating particular cultural discourses to do so. Lakeesha’s story is presented in this paper to illustrate a strategic model of narrative activity. In particular, I trace her use of the American Dream to analyze the ways that she situates herself with particular identities linked to local conceptions of successful womanhood. Methodological implications of this approach are considered in the conclusion.
An investigation of phosphate based ECMP electrolyte performance on feature scale planarization

Conventional copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) techniques are being pushed to their limits by increasing industrial standards caused by device miniaturization and the use of new materials. There is a need to investigate alternative methods of polishing to maintain and/or improve planarization standards while operating at low downforce. In this study, electrochemical mechanical planarization (ECMP) is considered as an alternative and/or an extension to current CMP processes. ECMP is unique due to the combination of an applied voltage to oxidize Cu and an abrasion from a polishing pad, which potentially allows the system to achieve high levels of planarization through the use of an appropriately tailored electrolyte. An electrolyte containing 1.0 M potassium phosphate salt concentration with a pH value of 2 and a benzotriazole (BTA) concentration of 0.001 M was tested for its planarization capability on patterned Cu structures using a custom built ECMP tool. Feature sizes of the Cu structures were varied from 1 to 6 μm. Similar planarization results were achieved using three pad types. All experiments were performed at 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl reference. The average step height reduction (SHR) was ~840 nm while the decrease in the average metal thickness removed (λavg) was on the order of ~430 nm. Because features were approximately 50% of the substrate area, the total average metal thickness removed was approximately half of the SHR for all three pad types.
Modeling Nanoindentation Creep Behavior of Asphalt Binder

Researchers have used the Oliver-Pharr method to analyze nanoindentation test results for viscoelastic materials without considering the viscous effect. This study develops procedure to analyze nanoindentation creep results of asphalt binder considering the viscous effect. In particular, models such as Voigt, Burger, and others, which use spring, dashpot, and rigid body are used to fit the laboratory data. The spring-dashpot-rigid (SDR) element model uses the loading, holding, and unloading time-displacement data to predict the modulus, hardness, and indentation viscosity of the material. Modulus and hardness from the Oliver-Pharr model are much less than those from SDR model. In addition to modulus and hardness, the SDR model and other Voigt and Burger models can provide viscous parameters that are very important for the advanced modeling of asphalt concrete. In the study, the model parameter retardation time shows a clear decreasing trend with increase in loading rate, however, no clear trend is found between retardation time and dwell time (the time where maximum load is kept constant for a specific period of time). In the study, the nanoindentation test results are analyzed with both the nonlinear SDR model, as well as the linear SDR model. However, the nonlinear SDR model showed higher efficiency in prediction compared to the linear SDR model.
551 LEAN WEIGHT AS A FUNCTION OF BODY FAT

Several factors are known to influence the lean body mass, and these include the obese state. A review of our data on body composition (K-40 counting) for females of widely varying body fat content, including anorexia nervosa, reveals a most interesting relationship between the amounts of fat (F) and lean (L). The data nicely fit the equation L = a log F + b, which in differential form (dL/dF = a/F) states that the change in L with respect to F declines in curvilinear fashion as F increases. Observations by others, using different methods for estimating body composition, generally confirm this trend. This finding leads to the following predictions: 1) because the ratio a/F in the equation is smaller, obese people will lose less nitrogen during caloric deprivation than thin people; 2) deliberate overfeeding will cause an increase in L as well as F; 3) refeeding patients with anorexia nervosa will produce a sizeable increase in L, since the ratio a/F is relatively large; 4) induced weight loss by whatever means will produce loss of L as well as F; hence no scheme for treating obesity can really “spare” body protein; 5) since they are fatter, women can tolerate famine better than men, and likewise adults better than children. All of these predictions find confirmation in the literature and/or in our own experience. Hence it appears that the lean and fat components of the body are interdependent; some internal mechanism(s) must exist to regulate their relative proportion.
Departures from the Electrostatic Crystal-Field Model for Gd 3+ in Six Hexagonal Crystals*

Using the experimental energy levels of Gd3+ in six hexagonal crystals as a basis, we discuss modifications to the electrostatic-approximation crystal-field model caused by nonlinear shielding, nephelauxetic, and covalency-induced molecular orbital effects. The crystal-field fit improves when levels belonging to different irreducible representations (crystal quantum numbers) are fitted separately and when levels of different spectroscopic terms are fitted separately. Nephelauxetic and covalency effects are related for the same crystal structure and are strongly structure dependent. Nonlinear shielding and/or term-dependent configuration-interaction effects are shown to be important but not simply related to the host structure.
Mixed convection recirculation flow in a vertical single-rod channel connected to an upper plenum

Abstract The buoyancy-induced channel backflow phenomenon in mixed convection flow has been studied in a vertical channel heated by a centrally-positioned heating rod and connected at the top of its length to a large plenum containing cool water. The bottom two thirds of the channel length is heated, while the top one third is an unheated section. Channel backflow represents a situation where, under specific heat flux and flow rate conditions, cool water from the upper plenum flows down and penetrates the channel. A semi-empirical model has been developed to provide insight into the backflow phenomenon. The unknown constants in this model have been established using experimental water data taken over a wide range of heat flux and flow rate combinations for three different channel diameters. The resulting correlations are for the onset of backflow and the backflow stream penetration depth.
First-principles determinations of magneto-crystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction in bulk and thin-film transition metals

Abstract Recent developments in the first-principles determination of magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) and magnetostrictive coefficients in transition metal systems are reviewed. With the aid of our newly developed state tracking and torque approaches, high numerical stability can be achieved for the MCA energy, the essential ingredient of the magnetostriction. Very smooth monotonic behavior of the MCA energy with respect to the lattice strain was found for most of the systems studied. The calculated magnetostrictive coefficients are positive for BCC Fe and FCC Co but negative for FCC Ni — a result which agrees well with experiments. This can be explained simply through the strain induced d-band broadening and shifting. For Co/Cu(0 0 1), Co/Pd(0 0 1) and Co/Pd(1 1 1) thin films, the magnetostrictive coefficients are found to be very sensitive to the change of substrates and even orientation.
On an algorithm for estimating uniform asymptotic stability boundary of nonautonomous system

The application of Lie series method for determination and approximation of asymptotic stability boundary of nonlinear autonomous systems has been reported 1,2,3. However, very little has been published with regard to computing the stability boundary of nonlinear nonautonomous systems. This paper is to discuss an approach for approximating the uniform asymptotic stability boundary of nonautonomous systems by extending the above-mentioned approach.
Putative chordotonal organ in the fore coxae of adult Callosobruchus maculatus and C. subinnotatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

A unique chordotonal structure in the fore coxae of adult male and female bruchid beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and C. subinnotatus (Pic), is described. The structure is a heavily sclerotized cuticular cone that is recessed within an opening in the medial surface of the coxa. Perpendicular to the cuticular cone is a pair of scolopidial sensilla with bipolar neurons, cap cells, scolopale sheath, and accessory cells. Unlike scolopidia described from other insects, these sensilla have a free distal tip that opens into a crotch in the distal inside surface of the coxa.
Studies on the role of arterial microsomes in the contractile function of the arteries

Abstract Microsomal vesicles were isolated from canine arteries by differential ultracentrifugation between 12,000 and 40,000g. The arterial microsomes were capable of accumulating calcium in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP. Calcium binding and uptake appeared to be relatively slow and dependent on Mg2+ activated ATPase activity. The capacity of the microsomes to accumulate Ca2+ appeared to be maximal at about 40 μM Ca2+ and averaged 0.020 μmoles/mg without K-oxalate and 0.034 μmoles/mg with K-oxalate. About half of the total calcium accumulated by the microsomes occurred in 5–15 min. The arterial microsomes also were able to release Ca2+ after being preloaded with calcium. The partial replacement of K+ by Na+ in the test system augmented Ca2+ release as well as reduced calcium uptake by the microsomes. The superprecipitation of arterial actomyosin was partially inhibited by the arterial microsomes. However this inhibition of superprecipitation was demonstrable only after preincubation of the microsomes with Ca2+ and adjustment of the ATP concentrations in the test system. The substitution of Na+ for K+ in the reaction mixture decreased calcium uptake and reduced the inhibiting effects of the microsomes on superprecipitation. The present findings are consistent with the concept that the calcium uptake and ATPase activities of arterial microsomes may play a role in regulating the contractility of arterial smooth muscle by influencing the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and ATP.
Soft mode behavior in NiAl alloys

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments performed on carefully prepared single crystals of Ni/sub x/Al/sub 1/minus/x/ (x /equals/ 50, 58, 62.5 at. percent) reveal an anomaly in the //zeta//zeta/0)-TA mode whose position in /zeta/ depends linearly on x. The temperature dependent studies of the 62.5/percent/ alloy show marked softening of the phonon energy at /zeta/ /equals/ 1/6. At the same temperatures, an elastic central peak develops. At T/sub M/ /equals/ 80K a new structure develops which exhibits a modulation at nearly, but not exactly, /zeta/ /equals/ 1/7. 11 refs., 2 figs.
The effect of anionic poisons on the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on platinum

Abstract The coulometric method of measuring the relative catalytic activity of platinum black by determining its ability to adsorb hydrogen has been studied in the presence of several anions. The catalytic reaction studied was the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde. It was found that the technique was suitable in the presence of several different anions but that it did not furnish a reliable measure of the catalytic activity in acid solutions in the presence of chloride ions. It was felt that the cause of this difficulty could be the adsorption of hydrogen on top of the adsorbed chloride ions.
Effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on systolic function of oncology patients.

To the Editor: An important side effect of several widely used chemotherapeutic agents is cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Animal models demonstrate that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may offer cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy ([1–3][1]), but human data
Laboratory Simulation of Drill Bit Dynamics Using a Model-Based Servohydraulic Controller

Drilling costs are significantly influenced by bit performance when drilling in offshore formations. Retrieving and replacing damaged downhole tools is an extraordinarily expensive and time-intensive process, easily costing several hundred thousand dollars of offshore rig time plus the cost of damaged components. Dynamic behavior of the drill string can be particularly problematic when drilling high strength rock, where the risk of bit failure increases dramatically. Many of these dysfunctions arise due to the interaction between the forces developed at the bit-rock interface and the modes of vibration of the drill string. Although existing testing facilities are adequate for characterizing bit performance in various formations and operating conditions, they lack the necessary drill string attributes to characterize the interaction between the bit and the bottom hole assembly (BHA). A facility that includes drill string compliance and yet allows real-rock/bit interaction would provide an advanced practical understanding of the influence of drill string dynamics on bit life and performance. Such a facility can be used to develop new bit designs and cutter materials, qualify downhole component reliability, and thus mitigate the harmful effects of vibration. It can also serve as a platform for investigating process-related parameters, which influence drilling performance and bit-induced vibration to develop improved practices for drilling operators. The development of an advanced laboratory simulation capability is being pursued to allow the dynamic properties of a BHA to be reproduced in the laboratory. This simulated BHA is used to support an actual drill bit while conducting drilling tests in representative rocks in the laboratory. The advanced system can be used to model the response of more complex representations of a drill string with multiple modes of vibration. Application of the system to field drilling data is also addressed.
Contrasting views of software engineering journals: author cocitation choices and indexer vocabulary assignments

We explore the intellectual subject structure and research themes in software engineering through the identification and analysis of a core journal literature. We examine this literature via two expert perspectives: that of the author, who identified significant work by citing it (journal cocitation analysis), and that of the professional indexer, who tags published work with subject terms to facilitate retrieval from a bibliographic database (subject profile analysis). The data sources are SCISEARCH (the on-line version of Science Citation Index), and INSPEC (a database covering software engineering, computer science, and information systems). We use data visualization tools (cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and PFNets) to show the “intellectual maps” of software engineering. Cocitation and subject profile analyses demonstrate that software engineering is a distinct interdisciplinary field, valuing practical and applied aspects, and spanning a subject continuum from “programming-in-the-small” to “programming-in-the-large.” This continuum mirrors the software development life cycle by taking the operating system or major application from initial programming through project management, implementation, and maintenance. Object orientation is an integral but distinct subject area in software engineering. Key differences are the importance of management and programming: (1) cocitation analysis emphasizes project management and systems development; (2) programming techniques/languages are more influential in subject profiles; (3) cocitation profiles place object-oriented journals separately and centrally while the subject profile analysis locates these journals with the programming/languages group.
The effect of viscosity of a fluid phase on velocity in low porosity rocks

Abstract The effective shear modulus of a low porosity rock depends strongly on the viscosity of any fluid phase present in the microcracks. The bulk modulus is essentially independent. These results applied to the earth show remarkable (or perhaps fortuitous) agreement between the laboratory data and the facts known about the velocity zone in the upper mantle.
Research Progress of Conductive Polymer Material

The research of conductive polymer material has received the widespread attention and development. This article has introduced the classification and preparation methods of conductive polymer materials, conductive mechanism, application and research progress in various fields.
Global Warming and Coastal Erosion

One of the most certain consequences of global warming is an increase of global (eustatic) sea level. The resulting inundation from rising seas will heavily impact low-lying areas; at least 100 million persons live within one meter of mean sea level and are at increased risk in the coming decades. The very existence of some island states and deltaic coasts is threatened by sea level rise. An additional threat affecting some of the most heavily developed and economically valuable real estate will come from an exacerbation of sandy beach erosion. As the beach is lost, fixed structures nearby are increasingly exposed to the direct impact of storm waves, and will ultimately be damaged or destroyed unless expensive protective measures are taken. It has long been speculated that the underlying rate of long-term sandy beach erosion is two orders of magnitude greater than the rate of rise of sea level, so that any significant increase of sea level has dire consequences for coastal inhabitants. We present in this paper an analytical treatment that indicates there is a highly multiplicative association between long-term sandy beach erosion and sea level rise, and use a large and consistent data base of shoreline position field data to show that there is reasonable quantitative agreement with observations of 19th and 20th century sea levels and coastal erosion. This result means that the already-severe coastal erosion problems witnessed in the 20th century will be exacerbated in the 21st century under plausible global warming scenarios.
The mRNA encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide is produced in mammary tissue in response to elevations in serum prolactin.

During lactation, a dramatic rise in serum PRL stimulates milk production, resulting in a substantial rise in calcium mobilization from gut and bone. We found that the production of a newly characterized calcium-mobilizing PTH-like peptide (PTH-LP) by mammary tissue was tightly linked to lactation, suggesting a possible role for PRL in the expression of PTHLP. Here it is shown that suckling results in both an elevation in serum PRL and the appearance of PTHLP mRNA in mammary tissue. Bromocriptine, a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion, blocked the sucklingassociated rise in serum PRL and the subsequent induction of PTH-LP mRNA in mammary gland. Furthermore, injection of PRL dramatically induced PTHLP mRNA in unsuckled puerperal glands, but not in glands on day 21 of pregnancy. Thus, the correlation between serum levels of PRL and the expression of PTH-LP mRNA in mammary tissue extends the role of PRL in milk production and suggests a possible mechanism for the PRL effects on calcium metabolism.
The challenge of design of intergovernmental relations in economies in transition

The governments of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are at a crucial juncture in their movement from highly centralized command economies to more decentralized market economies. While there is a belief in these countries that decentralization brings greater economic efficiency, the reality is that such a transition is a difficult process. This paper examines what types of administrative reforms are needed for the decentralization process, how far along the countries are with respect to these reforms, and what reforms are missing. As we discuss, many of the necessary administration reforms are missing and we argue that more attention must be paid to these elements for successful decentralization of these governments. This paper examines the recent experience and reform needs of the key administrative aspects of the design of intergovernmental relations in countries in transition in Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union. There is a widespread realization in all of these countries that dece...
Studies on the Formation of Phycocyanin, Porphyrins, and a Blue Phycobilin by Wild-Type and Mutant Strains of Cyanidium caldarium

The synthesis of chlorophyll a and the bile-pigment and protein moieties of phycocyanin were arrested in illuminated cells of Cyanidium caldarium , strain III-D-2, incubated with chloramphenicol, ethionine, p -fluorophenylalanine, and p -chloromercuribenzoate. Pigment synthesis was similarly retarded in illuminated cells provided with nutrient medium lacking nitrogen. Porphobilinogen, porphyrins, and a blue phycobilin were excreted into the nutrient medium by illuminated and unilluminated cells of wild-type and mutant C. caldarium strains incubated with δ-aminolevulinic acid in darkness. Pigment production from δ-aminolevulinic acid was sensitive to treatment with chloramphenicol and ethionine. Cells of C. caldarium excreted 7 red-fluorescing porphyrins into the suspending medium during incubation with δ-aminolevulinic acid. Three of these porphyrins were identified as uroporphyrin III, coproporphyrin III, and protoporphyrin on the basis of their spectral properties and by paper chromatogaphy with standards. The blue phycobilin was characterized spectrally and compared with biliverdin. The algal phycobilin displayed properties of a pigment with a violin-type structure. The phycobilin may be an immediate precursor of phycocyanobilin, the phycocyanin chromophore, or identical to it.
Phenotypic Plasticity and the Invasiveness of Three Taraxacum Species

Many factors have been found to be associated with the success of invasive species. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a plant genotype to respond to different environmental conditions by producing different phenotypes, is thought to play an important role plant invasions. In three major experiments, I tested the hypothesis that the invasive Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) and its non-invasive congener T. laevigatum will exhibit different phenotypic plasticity in germination, growth, and reproduction. I also proposed that their responses to various environments could be used to assess the invasive behavior of a potential crop species: T. kok-saghyz. The results revealed complicated responses of the three species in various environments. The invasive T. officinale showed higher germination in high alternating temperature, and accumulated more biomass than the non-invasive T. laevigatum in favorable greenhouse conditions. Surprisingly, T. laevigatum germinated better than T. officinale in other stressful environments (dark, low water potential, long aging period), and also exhibited higher fecundity in favorable greenhouse conditions. In field experiments, however, the performance of T. officinale was overwhelmingly better than T. laevigatum, which suffered very high mortality and failed to survive for more than two growing seasons. These results suggest that T. officinale might benefit from its ability to grow, reproduce, and survive in various environments, while T. laevigatum relies on seed reproduction to maintain its population. With the exception of germination, the responses of T. kok-saghyz were more like T. officinale than T. laevigatum, which suggested that this species has some potential to behave as a weed.
An EPR analysis of cyanide-resistant mitochondria isolated from the mutant poky strain of Neurospora crassa

Abstract An analysis of the paramagnetic components present in mitochondria isolated from the poky mutant of Neurospora crassa is described. The study was undertaken with a view to shedding light on the nature of the cyanide- and antimycin A-resistant alternative terminal oxidase which is present in these preparations. Of the ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur centers, only Centers S-1 and S-2 of succinate dehydrogenase could be detected in significant quantities. Paramagnetic centers attributable to Site I were virtually absent. In the oxidized state, at least two ‘high potential iron sulfur’ centers could be distinguished and these were attributed to Center S-3 of succinate dehydrogenase and a second component analogous to that found in mammalian systems. Much of the Center S-3 signal was in a highly distorted state which was apparently dependent upon the presence of an accompanying free radical species. At lower field positions, a succinate-reducible signal peaking around g = 3.15 was found. This signal is caused by a low spin heme species, presumably the cytochrome c which is the only major cytochrome in these mitochondria. At even lower field positions, signals attributable to iron in a field of low symmetry at g = 4.3 and multiple high spin heme species around g = 6, could be distinguished. The effects of salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of the alternative oxidase, were tested on these components. Effects could be seen on at least one high spin heme component and also partially upon the distorted Center S-3 signal converting part of it to a signal indistinguishable from Center S-3. Some increase in the g = 4.3 iron signal was also noted. No effects of the inhibitor on the ferredoxin-type centers were detected. These results are interpreted with respect to the nature and location of the alternative oxidase and with respect to possible models for the nature of the alternative oxygen-consuming component.
Constituent Participation and the IASB's International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee

Abstract While international convergence of accounting standards is becoming more of a reality, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) continues to seek greater acceptance and legitimacy as an institution. Constituent participation is one key component for an organization to obtain legitimacy and success. This study investigates constituent participation of one significant part of the IASB, the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). IASB/IFRIC constituents are classified in two ways: (1) geographically (by country and region); and (2) stakeholder interest group (the accounting profession, regulators, preparers and users). Respondents writing comment letters in regards to IFRIC's first 18 Draft Interpretations are examined. A total of 272 respondents from 40 countries generated 714 comment letters. The European Union provided a majority of writers and letters, with the UK being the largest contributor. The USA, Canada and developing countries generated few letters...
MONGOLIAN AND WORLD EQUITY MARKETS: VOLATILITIES AND CORRELATIONS †

After more than 10 years since the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), this paper studies how variances and correlations have evolved in four SCO countries' equity markets (China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia) relative to Japanese, US and EU markets. We focus on the Mongolian equity market. We trace stock market co-movements of Mongolia and SCO member countries to the world market since the inauguration of the SCO in 2001. We also take into account the effects of recent world financial crisis in the region. As compared to the increasing global trend of market integration among countries, we don't find any significant contagion among SCO countries in the first half of sample periods. After 2005, market integrations among SCO countries are evident.
The scientific work of Albert Einstein

Abstract Although transport theory is one area of modern day research which Albert Einstein did not create, I have decided to speak on Einstein at this transport theory conference. I am doing this partly to honor this great scientist on the occasion of the centenary of his birth (14 March 1979). But in addition, Einstein was the great master of statistics and was perhaps more than any other individual responsible for making statistical reasoning part of the arsenal of the average scientist and engineer. (I trust that my subsequent remarks will make this clear.) Thus, Albert Einstein in a deep sense could be considered to be one of the progenitors of transport theory, and for this reason it is fitting that he should be recognized at this meeting.
Review of Bridges Over Water: Understanding Transboundary Water Conflict, Negotiation and Cooperation

Bridges Over Water is a textbook that persuades as well as informs. In its own words, it “debunks” the water wars thesis, insisting that political disputes and even armed “skirmishes” have (and wil...
Reactions of Os3(CO)12 with carboxylic acids in a microwave reactor; synthesis of Os2(benzoate)2(CO)6, a dinuclear osmium(I) compound with aromatic carboxylate ligands

Abstract Microwave heating is used to synthesize compounds of the type Os2(μ-O2CR)2(CO)6, including the first example with aromatic carboxylate ligands. The one-step preparation of these complexes is straightforward and does not require an air-free reaction environment. The compounds for which R = Me (1) or Et (2) are produced in higher yield than previously reported by the microwave irradiation of Os3(CO)12 for less than 15 min in acetic or propionic acid, respectively. This method may also be used to prepare the new compound Os2(μ-O2CH)2(CO)6 (3) by reaction with formic acid, but a higher yield is obtained when 1,2-dichlorobenzene is used as a co-solvent. Irradiating a mixture of Os3(CO)12 and excess benzoic acid in 1,2-dichlorobenzene gives another new complex Os2(μ-O2CC6H5)2(CO)6 (4). X-ray crystallographic analyses of 3 and 4 reveal molecular structures similar to that of 1 with approximate C2v symmetry. When the molar ratio of benzoic acid to Os3(CO)12 is 1:1, then the major product is the trinuclear cluster Os3(μ-H)(μ-O2CC6H5)(CO)10 (5) instead of a dinuclear compound. This represents the first instance in which a cluster of this type has been produced directly from Os3(CO)12 instead of through a multi-step procedure.
Land Tenure, Land Use, and Land Reform at Dwesa–Cwebe, South Africa: Local Transformations and the Limits of the State

Post-1994 land reform policies have had limited effects on land use in the communities surrounding Dwesa–Cwebe Nature Reserves in South Africa’s Transkei region. Likewise, prior state interventions have largely been resisted and ignored. Instead, community-driven processes, influenced by the regional political economy, have shaped diverse patterns of changes in land use. These relate to the diverse livelihood styles in the area: different patterns of education, labor migration, and consumption have affected local use of land and forest products. Activities planned under land reform, however, may threaten local control of land tenure and use.
Role of quantitative human cytomegalovirus PCR in predicting antiviral treatment response among high-risk hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients

Role of quantitative human cytomegalovirus PCR in predicting antiviral treatment response among high-risk hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients
Closure of an Aortopulmonary Window Using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II

We report two cases of transcatheter-device closure of aortopulmonary windows, a residual defect occurring after previous surgical closure, and a native lesion. The postsurgical defect was closed with an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (AGA Medical Corporation, MN). The native lesion was not suitable for an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II device; thus, it was closed using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, MN). The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II provides an additional device for aortopulmonary window closure, but anatomy and defect characteristics dictate the most appropriate device.
Novel system for in vivo biotinylation and its application to crab antimicrobial protein scygonadin

BirA is a biotin ligase from Escherichia coli that specifically biotinylates a lysine side-chain within a 15-amino acid acceptor peptide (also known as Avi-tag). We developed a protocol for producing recombinant BirA ligase in E. coli for in vitro biotinylation (Li and Sousa, Prot Expr Purif, 82:162–167, 2012) in which the target protein was expressed as both thioredoxin and MBP fusions, and was released by TEV protease-mediated cleavage. The liberated ligase and the fusion proteins were enzymatically active. Based on that observation, we have now developed a novel system for in vivo biotinylation by co-expressing the Avi-tagged target protein with the MBP–BirA fusion. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated by the successful in vivo labeling of antimicrobial protein, scygonadin. This new system shows improved efficiency compared with pre-existing one and this is likely attributed to the high expression level and solubility of the co-expressed MBP–BirA.
Preparation of N-Heterocycle Salts of [Yb(oxalate)2]− and [HoCl5]2−

Abstract Three bis(oxalato)ytterbate(III) salts, viz., (Quino-line·H)Yb(C2O42·3H2O, (Isoquinoline·H)Yb(C2O4)2·3H2O, and (Morpholine·H)Yb(C2O42)2·4H2O, were prepared by the reaction of YbCl3·6H2O with the corresponding heterocycle and oxalic acid in aqueous medium. The pentachloroholmates(III), (Pyridine·H)2HoCl5·H2O, (Isoquinoline·H)2HOCl5· 3H2O, and (Acridine·H)2HoCl5·5H2O were obtained by the reaction of HoCl3·6H2O with the azaheterocycle and the hydrochloric acid in water. The new compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and their infrared spectra. The electronic absorption spectra of the holmium salts were recorded.
Ribosome-protected regions in the leader-trpE sequence of Escherichia coli tryptophan operon messenger RNA☆

Abstract Messenger RNA transcribed from the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli in vivo contains a leader sequence of 166 nucleotides which precedes the translation initiation codon of the operator-proximal structural gene in the operon, trpE (Squires et al. , 1976). A 200-nucleotide fragment of mRNA containing this region and including message corresponding to the beginning of trpE can be isolated. When E. coli ribosomes are incubated with this fragment in vitro , two distinct regions are protected from nuclease digestion, with approximately equal efficiency. One of these contains the AUG codon which serves as the site of initiation of translation for the trpE polypeptide. The other protected fragment also contains an AUG codon and is located near the 5′ end of the leader sequence; the distance between these two AUG codons is approximately 140 nucleotides. Experiments utilizing a smaller RNA fragment lacking the trpE initiator demonstrate that protection of the region in the leader is independent of the presence of the trpE region. These results suggest that ribosome binding to leader mRNA may occur in vivo , although there is no known polypeptide product corresponding to this region of the tryptophan operon.
Carotenoid fractionation in the scarlet ibis

Abstract 1. 1. Canthaxanthin was the predominant carotenoid recoverable from liver, red-orane plasma, red tarsal skin and from the brilliantly coloured feathers of the scarlet ibis. 2. 2. Tissues yielded no acidogenic carotinoids, but in the feathers minor proportions of astaxanthin accompanied quantities of guaraxanthin, a newly described acidogenic carotenoid suspecetd of being 7,8-dihydroastaxanthin or a compound closely related thereto. 3. 3. β-Carotene and 4-keto-α-carotene accompanied canthaxanthin in the liver, as did minor amounts of a unique keto-carotenoid whose properties suggested a bis-dihydro-cantaxanthin. The same or a closely allied compound occurred also in the plasma, skin and feathers.
Gifted American and German Adolescent Women: A Longitudinal Examination of Attachment, Separation, Gender Roles, and Career Aspirations.

This study assessed 43 gifted adolescent females in the United States and Germany over a 4‐year period. Initially the girls were assessed during their 7th or 8th grade and again for this current study during their 11th or 12th grade. Factors that were examined included the daughters' attachment to and psychological separation from their mothers, while the study also focused on their gender roles, instrumental (masculine) characteristics, and career aspirations. Results showed that within 4 years, these gifted girls had grown less attached, but at the same time had become psychologically closer to their mothers. Additionally, the German girls became more masculine in their characteristics while the Americans became more feminine. All of the girls developed more traditional gender roles and their desires of attaining leadership or expert roles within their future careers diminished.
Some transient electrical effects of plastic deformation in NaCl crystals

Abstract Transient electrical effects of plastic deformation in NaCI crystals have been investigated. Two such effects have been observed: (1) a temporary increase in the ionic conductivity and (2) a deformation-induced charge flow with no applied electric field. The first effect, which is observable for about an hour at room temperature, is attributed to excess vacancies freed by moving dislocations. It is suggested that an important source of these vacancies may be the breaking-up by the deformation of associated complexes between cation vacancies and multivalent cation impurities. The second effect is observed only after inhomogeneous plastic deformation, and it ceases abruptly when the stress increment producing it is removed. Possible sources for this deformation-induced charge flow are discussed, and an explanation is offered in terms of electrically charged dislocations.
Isomorphism of finitely generated solvable groups is weakly universal

We show that the isomorphism relation for finitely generated solvable groups of class 3 is a weakly universal countable Borel equivalence relation. This improves on previous results. The proof uses a modification of a construction of Neumann and Neumann. Elementary arguments show that isomorphism of finitely generated metabelian or nilpotent groups can not achieve this Borel complexity. In this sense the result is sharp, though it remains open whether the relation is in fact universal.
The somatosensory cortex of the rodent

Abstract The anatomical and functional organization of rodent somatosensory cortex is reviewed in light of recent evidence which suggests that there are areal differences in functional organization and afferent and efferent connections within somatosensory cortex. This information is used to form a hypothesis concerning the sequence in which information is processed in somatosensory cortex.
Corona Tests of Various Components

The broad aspects of an approach to corona testing of components are presented. These involve selection of a testing system consistent with the electrical properties of the component, comparison of results with expected voltage levels in service, interpretation of corona indications, elimination of corona where necessary, and accelerated life testing for establishment or confirmation of relationships between corona observations and life. Examples are given. Observations and interpretation of corona do not provide a cure-all for dielectric problems but they are useful tools in solving many problems.
An analytic system for the analysis of covariance a mini-computer application

In order to enable the researcher and clinician to obtain analyses of their data with the speed, efficiency and relatively low cost that the minicomputer provides, an Analysis of Covariance computer package has been written and implemented for the WANG 2200 in conjunction with WANG Laboratories, Inc., of Tewksbury, Massachusetts. This package requires only 8K of memory, a restriction achieved in the design of the system by the judicious use of overlays, and scrutiny of the analysis structure to permit maximum subroutine reuse. The programs are written in basic.
Sustainable Lifeways: Cultural Persistence in an Ever-Changing Environment

Book review of Sustainable Lifeways: Cultural Persistence in an Ever-Changing Environment . Naomi F. Miller, Katherine M. Moore, Kathleen Ryan, editors. 2011. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Pp. 352, 73 illustrations. $65.00 (cloth). ISBN 9787934536193.
Putting Some Class into Religious Studies: Resurrecting an Important Concept

Class continues to be important in all aspects of life, but is largely ignored in contemporary religious studies. Despite some claims to the contrary, class matters in the study of religion, though not in the way past scholars have asserted. In this article, I propose an interdisciplinary, three-part definition of class useful for the study of religion. The first two parts affirm that class has and still plays an important role in creating and sustaining social, cultural, and religious distinctions. First, class has served as an externally ascribed marker placed upon particular groups by outsiders engaged in boundary demarcation. Second, class has historically been used as an aspect of individual and group identity. Third, I argue that class plays a role in determining religious preferences. Combining and extrapolating theories and concepts from several scholars, I argue that social class relates to religious preferences in that certain material circumstances make individuals and groups more or less "available" to explore certain religious options. I conclude by suggesting some directions for future research.
Methods for knowledge synthesis: An overview

Abstract Objectives To highlight recent advances in knowledge synthesis methods and reporting guidelines. Background Knowledge synthesis is critical to advancing practice, research, and policy, but synthesizing knowledge from an often-heterogenous body of literature is challenging. Methods A review of knowledge synthesis methods and reporting guidelines for health sciences research was completed using Google Scholar, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. Relevant information was critiqued and summarized for applicability to health science and practice. Results Recent advances and guidelines pertaining to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, qualitative synthesis, mixed studies reviews, integrative reviews, scoping reviews, RE-AIM reviews, and umbrella reviews are discussed and examples of the application of each method to cardiopulmonary research are provided. Methods of quality appraisal are also presented. Conclusions Advancements in knowledge synthesis and reporting guidelines enhance the quality, scope, and applicability of results; thus improving health science and clinical practice, and advancing health policy.