cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A PIV INVESTIGATION OF ROTOR-IGV INTERACTIONS IN A TRANSONIC AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR

The rotor-IGV interactions in an advanced design multistage axial compressor are experimentally investigated at both transonic and subsonic rotor operating conditions using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). This benchmark blade row interaction data includes measurements of the instantaneous vane-tovane flow field in the upstream IGV passage at 90% span for several time instants over one interaction cycle. Transonic rotor-IGV interactions generate a highly unsteady IGV flow field due to reflection and diffraction of the rotor leading edge shocks by the vanes. The reflected shock segments propagate ,upstream through the vane passage during a blade-passing period, eventually interacting with the leading edge shock of the adjacent rotor blade before impacting the suction surface of the adjacent vane. The high unsteady loading due to the impact of the rotor shocks with the upstream IGV row causes the vane trailing edge stagnation point to periodically move from surface to surface over one cycle. These blade row interaction phenomena do not occur with subsonic rotor operation. Here, the IGV unsteady backpressure variation imposed by the rotor potential field is considerably reduced and the unsteady vane flow closely resembles the time-average vane-tovane flow throughout the cycle.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic distal ureteral surgery.

BACKGROUND The use of robotic assistance in adult genitourinary surgery has been successful in many operations, leading surgeons to test its use in other applications as well. METHODS Based on our use during prostatectomy, we have applied robotic surgery to complex distal ureteral surgeries since 2004 with successful outcomes. RESULTS A series of 11 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic distal ureteral surgery is presented. These surgeries include distal ureterectomy for ureteral cancer with reimplantation, as well as reimplantation with and without Boari flap or psoas hitch for benign conditions. CONCLUSIONS Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery can be successfully applied to patients requiring distal ureteral surgery. Maintenance of the principles of open surgery is paramount.
DERMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES : WHEN EARLY RECOGNITION CAN BE LIFESAVING

Early recognition and treatment of life-threatening dermatoses can reduce morbidity and mortality. Pemphigus vulgaris can usually be brought under control with high doses of corticosteroids. In cases of necrotizing fasciitis, early, extensive debridement of involved tissue is essential, since antibiotic therapy alone has little effect. Patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis and occasionally those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome may need care similar to that required for a major burn. Therapy for toxic shock syndrome includes aggressive fluid replacement and beta lactamase-resistant antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Treatment of urticaria and acquired angioedema includes histamine receptor blockers, prednisone (for intractable cases), and epinephrine (for respiratory compromise); danazol (Danocrine) or stanozolol (Winstrol) may be useful for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema.
A Methodological Assessment of Empirical Studies in Cross-Cultural Advertising

This study examines empirical studies in cross-cultural advertising from a methodological perspective. Cross-cultural methodologies involve many critical facets that do not surface in single-culture designs. A sharp focus on crosscultural research in advertising is desirable because it has received greater attention from international marketing scholars than other facets of the marketing plan. Cross-cultural advertising research was virtually nonexistent before the 1980s and the studies reviewed are indicative of the increasing importance associated with cross-cultural comparisons of advertising issues.
Testing the Consensus-Based Emergency Information Form.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics CSHCN — : children with special health care needs EHR — : electronic health record EIF — : emergency information form PHR — : personal health record In the current issue of Pediatrics , an innovative article by Abraham et al1, “Impact of emergency information forms for children with medical complexity: a simulation study” presents an excellent example of the use of emergency scenarios to study otherwise difficult-to-observe events in emergency and critical care; specifically, emergencies of medically complex children. The emergency information form (EIF) organizes emergency-focused medical information for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Before the advent of electronic health records (EHRs) in the 1990s, the EIF began as sets of wallet cards promoted by state Emergency Medical Services for Children Programs in New Mexico and Ohio that listed medications and diagnoses. This was carried forward by Sacchetti and Gerardi who created a concise 1-page paper summary with a unique added focus of an advice section that listed a child’s special problem, emergencies likely to arise from this problem, and recommended treatments.2 In the initial joint American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Emergency Physician Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine policy statement, “Emergency Preparedness for CSHCN”, it is recommended that primary and specialty caregivers join with the … Address correspondence to Lee. A. Pyles, MD, MS, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr, Box 9214, Morgantown, WV 26506. E-mail: lpyles{at}hsc.wvu.edu
The overconfident newsvendor

Previous experimental work has shown that individuals make suboptimal decisions in newsvendor problems. We argue that these decisions may be caused by overconfidence, and explore a theoretical (beh...
Molecular dynamics study of oxidative aging effect on asphalt binder properties

Abstract The oxidative aging effect of asphalt binder was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation in this study. Representative molecular models of aged asphalt were built by introducing ketone and sulfoxide function groups into virgin asphalt. The asphalt molecular models were validated in terms of thermodynamic properties such as density, surface energy, viscosity, and cohesive energy density. The molecular structures of virgin and aged asphalt were analyzed by mean square displacement (MSD) and radial distribution function (RDF) of molecules and diffusion coefficient. The aging effect on self-healing potential and moisture damage susceptibility of asphalt were investigated. Results show that the molecular structure of asphalt is in agreement with the colloidal theory. Aging weakens the nano-aggregation behavior of asphaltene molecules and reduces the translational mobility of asphalt molecules. Compared to virgin asphalt, aged asphalt has the higher activation energy barrier for self-healing. Inclusion of water molecules in the asphalt-aggregate interface causes degradation of work of adhesion and this effect is more significant for aged asphalt. The research findings provide insights to better understand the chemo-physical and chemo-mechanical relationships of asphalt-based materials.
Examining growth relationships in Quercus stands: An application of individual-tree models developed from long-term thinning experiments

Abstract This manuscript seeks to further the understanding of growth patterns in Quercus forests, thereby informing the development of appropriate thinning practice. The author leveraged a network of thinning experiments established by the US Forest Service more than 50 years ago. Individual-tree diameter growth and survival models were developed along with a simulation framework to evaluate the relationship between stand stocking and 20-year basal area and volume growth. Models predicting five-year diameter growth and survival of individual trees included variables representing tree size, competitive position, stand density, and/or site quality. Model evaluation focused on the collective accuracy and cumulative error propagation of the individual-tree models through four, five-year growth cycles. Through a series of stand density simulations in white oak ( Quercus alba L.) dominated forest structures representing four mid-rotation age conditions, it was found that stand basal area and total volume growth followed a unimodal pattern culminating at 50–60% stocking. Sawtimber volume growth was more sensitive to initial stand age, and the stocking level where it peaked increased with increasing age. The study not only helps to define relationships for Quercus stands of the Central Hardwood Forest Region, USA, but it also adds to the limited body of research quantifying individual-tree and stand growth relationships within mixed species broadleaf forest types.
Reduced Number of Dense Bodies and Reduced Serotonin Content in Platelets of Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.

Abstract 1321 Poster Board I-343 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by immune deficiency and thrombocytopenia. There is also a qualitative platelet defect in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, typically presenting on aggregometry as a failure of the second wave of aggregation. The pathophysiology of this defect has not been studied in detail. To investigate this phenomenon, we enumerated dense bodies and measured serotonin content in the platelets of 7 patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 45 years old. Five of 7 patients had had splenectomy. In these patients, the platelet count ranged from 120,000/mcL to 521,000/mcL. Platelet counts were 20,000/mcL and 46,000/mcL in the 2 patients who had not had splenectomy. The latter 2 patients had occasional petechiae, as did 2 of the splenectomized patients. Three patients had no clinical evidence of platelet dysfunction. One of these 3 had tolerated abdominal surgery without untoward bleeding. Blood specimens were taken in the course of routine follow-up, when patients were otherwise well. Platelets were prepaed for electron microscopy by the whole mount technique. For serotonin content, platelets were counted and lysed in distilled water. Serotonin in the lysate was chemically acetylated and then measured by ELISA. Serotonin levels were normalized to ng of serotonin per 10 9 platelets. The average ± standard deviation dense body count in our patient group was 1.1 ± 0.4 dense bodies per platelet (normal count 6-8 dense bodies/platelet). Serotonin content was measured in three patients, who showed 273 ± 103 ng serotonin per 10 9 platelets (normal value 621-1064 ng/10 9 platelets). Our results are the first quantitative analysis of platelet dense body counts and serotonin level in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. In addition to further elucidating the pathophysiology of this disease, these data have implications for understanding the role of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein in the genesis of dense bodies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cu(1) and Cu(2) NMR in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7

Cu(1) and Cu(2) spin-lattice relaxation times and Knight-shift tensors in the normal state have been calculated using simple tight-binding models of the band structure. A picture with copper {ital d} bands totally fails to reproduce the observed relaxation rates and Knight shifts. The obtained Cu(1) and Cu(2) {ital T}{sub 1}'s are off by several orders of magnitude. The spin contributions to the Knight shifts also come out too small. However, the orbital contributions to the Knight shift come out much better. This suggests that the copper 4{ital s} orbital is playing a non-negligible role, especially for the chain site. There the relaxation rate is linear in temperature and both the spin contribution and {ital T}{sub 1}{sup {minus}1} are roughly isotropic and approximately obey a Korringa relation. Simple estimates suggest that the Cu(1) and Cu(2) Knight-shift data as well as Cu(1) relaxation times could be explained by the presence of some 4{ital s} character at the Fermi level.
Co-integration of two DFB lasers on glass for millimeter-wave generation

In this work, we propose the realization of two single mode distributed feedback (DFB) lasers emitting at 1.5μm with ultra-narrow linewidths, co-integrated on a co-doped Erbium Ytterbium IOG11 glass substrate. The beating note of these two lasers on a fast photodiode is used to generate mm-wave signals. Each laser is composed of a waveguide fabricated by ion exchange with a Bragg grating etched on the top. In order to set a precise value of the mm-wave frequency, the emission wavelength of both DFB lasers must be accurately fixed. This is achieved by controlling the laser’s waveguide design. The beating produced between these lasers generates mm-wave signals from GHz to THz. The co-integration helps to enhance the beating quality by reducing fluctuations between the two lasers. Lasers are first studied independently: their optical power, linewidth and relative intensity noise are characterized. Finally, the beating signal quality is estimated through the characterization of the produced electrical spectrum.
Authorship and Literary Value

This chapter begins by recognizing that literary works can have many different kinds of value, and questions the adequacy of theories that reduce literary value to economic, political, or social factors. Rather, there is a distinct form of literary value belonging to the work as a performance compared to others of the same kind. Just as the meaning of a work is not invested solely in the text, so its value does not inhere in the text as a detached object the way mimetic and aesthetic theories claim. Literary value stems from the surprising nature of the performance, and is undermined if the creation of the work is transparently imitative or mechanical. Aesthetic judgment is holistic and non-reductive in character.
Pathways of adaptation to external stressors in coastal natural-resource-dependent communities: Implications for climate change

Abstract Adaptation to climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing coastal communities today. Coastal communities are subject to a wide range of stressors related to climate change, including biological resource decline and natural hazards. Small historically natural-resource-dependent communities are particularly vulnerable because of their close reliance on ecosystem goods and services that are likely to be affected by climate change (e.g., fisheries, forests) and their limited access to outside technical and financial resources needed for adaptation. Exogenous adaptation policies, while helpful for fostering new behavioral adjustments to address resource decline and natural hazards, can in some cases exacerbate socioeconomic disruption, further burdening communities already struggling to adapt. This paper presents an investigation of how six historically natural-resource-dependent coastal communities in Oregon, USA, have experienced and responded to external stressors and how adaptation in these communities has been shaped by interactions between past and present practices, processes, and vulnerabilities. Despite climate-related impacts identified by the scientific community, climate change was not salient in the community members’ reports of stressors and impacts, and thus was not a trigger of adaptation. Rather, communities were responding to stressors associated with decades of declines in natural resource industries, an economic recession, restrictive natural resource management and land use policies, demographic change, and natural hazards. These findings confirm other research findings that chronic everyday problems, including those related to the maintenance of livelihoods, or consequences of inadequate livelihoods, often eclipse potentially disastrous threats in the minds of rural community members, thereby influencing adaptation strategies. In some cases communities do not prioritize such threats because people have come to accept living with them, or they feel powerless and unable to change the circumstances of daily life. The findings improve understanding of adaptation in natural-resource-based coastal communities in the USA and support the need for policy makers and planners to integrate climate change adaptation into livelihood improvement strategies.
Identifying Tensions and Striving to Improve International Mathematics Teacher Educators’ Practice Through Self-Study

I have been a mathematics educator for 23 years in two distinct continents: Kenya in Eastern Africa and the USA. I began my teaching career in an urban boys school as a certified teacher with an undergraduate education degree specialized in teaching chemistry and mathematics and later obtained a master’s degree in mathematics education in Kenya. Upon completion of my masters’ degree, I taught applied mathematics for 5 years in two middle-level colleges in Kenya. In 2008, I moved to the USA and pursued a doctoral degree in Curriculum, Instruction, and Teacher Education with a focus in mathematics education at Michigan State University (MSU). I was interested in learning new ways of teaching mathematics and engaging in research in a developed nation with the aim of improving the mathematics learning in a developing country such as Kenya. Using the concepts of tensions (Berry 2007) and assemblage (Strom 2015), I discuss my transition to becoming a teacher educator and how I am incorporating self-study in my work as a teacher educator. Finally, I consider my perceptions on the strengths and limitations of self-study within my teaching and scholarship.
Fasting and postprandial soluble epoxide hydrolase-associated eicosanoids of remitted patients with eating disorder

Abstract Food aversion and food avoidance are significant challenges to overcome for patients with eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa. The epoxide hydrolase 2 gene (EPXH2) has been uncovered as a novel anorexia nervosa risk gene. We have also discovered EPHX2-associated eicosanoids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids to be aberrant in patients with anorexia nervosa, suggesting that genetically moderated lipid metabolism may be an underlying factor in AN pathogenesis. The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Personalized polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa” [1] . In this data article, we provide both fasting and non-fasting (postprandial) concentration of eicosanoids in remitted patients with eating disorder and healthy controls. The data provides information on quantitative bioactive lipid mediators in fasting as well as non-fasting states, allowing inference of lipid metabolism associated with food consumption. The data set is made available to enable critical or extended analyzes.
‘Should I use it?’ Assessing the value of online supplemental course materials and their influence on student performance

As a result of the ever-growing list of course technologies and software programs, higher education faculty and administration often debate which new tools are most valuable to students. This artic...
Educational ideologies and national development needs: the ’African University‘ in Namibia

Although a new institution, the University of Namibia is facing the same problems of curriculum, funding, and access which hinder academic effectiveness elsewhere. Research on the future prospects for the university was facilitated by the senior author‘s prior involvement in the effort to construct a modern Namibia in the post-colonial period. Such involvement included several advisory assignments relating to the emerging university. This shared experience provided unusual access for in-depth and confidential interviews with national and university decision-makers. Based on these discussions and previous research, the authors outline a process for facilitating the government and academic leadership so crucial to evolving a responsive university. They discern that success for higher education in the Namibian context will require merging the roles of the University and the Polytechnic and transcending imported models to develop an institution responsive to Namibian needs.
Remarks on Fourier Integral Operators

We prove some estimates on several types of Fourier integral operators, emphasizing ɧ1→ ɧ1 estimates and ɧ→ bmo estimates. The results are mostly special cases of more general known results, but the proofs of the special cases presented here are simpler than the usual proofs. Furthermore, the special cases treated here arise quite commonly.
Host Signal Transduction and Protein Kinases Implicated in Legionella Infection

Modulation of the phosphorylation status of proteins by both kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in cellular signal transduction. Challenge of host cells by Legionella pneumophila manipulates the phosphorylation state of multiple host factors. These changes play roles in bacterial uptake, vacuole modification, cellular survival, and the immune response. In addition to modification by host cell kinases in response to the bacterium, L. pneumophila translocates bacterial kinases into the host cell that may contribute to further signaling modifications. Proper regulation of host cell signaling by L. pneumophila is necessary for its ability to replicate intracellulary, while avoiding host defenses.
Dry Etching Technology for Optical Devices

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews dry etching technology used for the fabrication of high-performance optical devices. Various plasma systems are used for dry etching. High-density plasma systems with an inductively coupled plasma source provide better control and more flexibility because ion density and ion energy can be adjusted using separate power supplies. The chapter presents a number of dry etched optical devices, including high aspect ratio vertical mirrors in silicon (Si) as optical switching arrays, dry etched mirrors in gallium arsenide/ aluminum gallium arsenide (GaAs/AlGaAs) for microcavities and triangular ring lasers, high reflectivity horizontal distributed Bragg reflector mirrors with air gaps between semiconductor layers, and photonic bandgap lasers. All these optical devices require precise control of etch depth, etch profile, and smooth morphology. The chapter further discusses the importance of developing low-damage dry etching technology, and reviews the techniques to minimize surface damage. With precisely controlled, low-damage dry etching technology, high-performance optical devices using dry etched components can be achieved.
Abstract TMP102: Loss of Laminin-α5 From Mural Cells Attenuates Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Introduction: Laminin-α5, a major component of the basement membrane, participates in embryogenesis and vascular maturation. In the vasculature, laminin-α5 is predominantly synthesized by brain mic...
CONCOMITANT POSTEROLATERAL CORNER INJURIES IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES

Background:Missed and/or untreated posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries are a known cause of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure in the adult population. Failed ACL reconstructi...
Tuning the blueprint: how studies of implicit learning during speaking reveal the information processing components of the production system

The “blueprint for the speaker” (Levelt, 1989) claimed that production is carried out by autonomous processing components. We present a framework for how those production components may change with...
Another Decade, Another Coronavirus.

For the third time in as many decades, a zoonotic coronavirus has crossed species to infect human populations. This virus, provisionally called 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in p...
Morphology before phonology: A case study of Turoyo (Neo-Aramaic)

Some models of the morphology-phonology interface take (certain aspects of) morphology and phonology to be computed in the same component of the grammar, simultaneously, including many instantiations of Optimality Theory (McCarthy and Prince 1993a,b, Kager 1996, Hyman and Inkelas 1997, Mascaro 2007, Wolf 2008, i.a.). On the other hand are models that separate morphology from phonology, including Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993, 1994) and related models (e.g., Trommer 2001, Bye and Svenonius 2012, Dawson 2017, Rolle 2020), as well as “subcategorization”-based approaches (Paster 2006, 2009, Yu 2007, i.a.). I undertake a careful study of the order of operations needed to derive the form of finite verbs in the Neo-Aramaic language Turoyo (Jastrow 1993). Two morphophonological phenomena found in Turoyo verbs provide evidence for a separation of morphology from phonology: (i) phonologically-conditioned suppletive allomorphy that is anti-optimizing and surface opaque (reaffirming the findings of Paster 2006); and (ii) phonological displacement of an affix (a la infixation) that is also anti-optimizing and surface opaque, and even more surprisingly, counterbleeds morphological operations in the verbal complex but feeds/bleeds phonological ones. The main conclusion from Turoyo is that exponent choice precedes, and is oblivious to, the regular phonology of the language and considerations of phonological optimization. Turoyo also provides a more general window into a number of issues at the morphology-phonology interface, including cyclicity, the timing of infixation, and constraints on allomorphy.
Abstract 6584: The ‘AstroPath' platform for spatially resolved, single cell analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) using multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF)

Background: Multidimensional, spatially resolved analyses of immune and tumor cells within the TME of patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors will provide clinically translatable mechanistic insights and potentiate biomarker discovery. To achieve this goal, information from pathology specimens needs to be captured at a single cell level with high fidelity and in meaningfully sized cohorts. To date, efforts have been limited by inadequate tissue sampling and previously unrecognized errors in staining, imaging and data analysis. Here we describe the ‘AstroPath9 platform, where strategies from the field of astronomy were adapted to study pathology specimens and generate large high quality mIF data. Methods: Potential error was identified and addressed at each stage of 6-plex (PD-1, PD-L1, FoxP3, CD163, CD8, tumor marker) mIF assay development. Whole slides from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens were stained with the optimized assay and imaged using a multispectral microscope (Vectra 3.0) with 20% overlap of high power fields (HPFs). The overlaps were used to quantify and correct optical lens distortion, HPF alignment, and illumination variation. Errors from cell segmentation algorithms, batch-to-batch staining variation, and HPF sampling were also addressed. The resultant mIF data were organized and analyzed using a large, relational database. Results: The optimized mIF assay captured equivalent signal compared to gold standard chromogenic immunohistochemistry and 2x more signal for PD-1, PD-L1 and FoxP3 compared to the manufacturer9s recommended protocol. Errors and corrections for imaging included: pixel alignment error reduced from ~10 to Conclusion: Here we present an end-to-end pathology workflow with rigorous quality control for creating quantitative, spatially resolved mIF datasets using lessons derived from the field of astronomy. Such approaches will vastly improve standardization and scalability of mIF technologies, enabling cross-site comparisons and eventual clinical translation as biomarker discovery platforms or standard diagnostic tests. Citation Format: Sneha Berry, Nicolas Giraldo, Benjamin Green, Elizabeth Engle, Haiying Xu, Aleksandra Ogurtsova, Daphne Wang, Julie E. Stein, Peter Nguyen, Suzanne Topalian, Angelo DeMarzo, Drew M. Pardoll, Robert A. Anders, Tricia R. Cottrell, Alexander S. Szalay, Janis M. Taube. The ‘AstroPath9 platform for spatially resolved, single cell analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) using multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6584.
Effect of at Least 10 Serial Gadobutrol Administrations on Brain Signal Intensity Ratios on T1-Weighted MRI in Children: A Matched Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND. An association is recognized between linear gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and intracranial gadolinium retention in children. The relation between macrocyclic GBCAs and gadoli...
Impact of Organ Function–Based Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Who Gets Left Behind?

PURPOSEExclusion of patients needing urgent treatment or requiring novel biomarkers before enrollment has impacted the ability to enroll real-world patients in frontline trials of diffuse large B-c...
Improving proton CT beyond iterative methods with a convolutional neural network

Relative stopping power (RSP) values of tissues in patients are needed to plan proton beam therapy accurately. Proton CT (pCT) is an alternative imaging method for obtaining more accurate RSP values than by using X-ray CT. This imaging modality gives mostly accurate RSP values but is blurred due to elastic multiple Coulomb scattering. To improve the blurriness of reconstructed pCT images, we have investigated a denoising convolutional neural network trained on known ground RSP values of a digital phantom. In our initial results, with the denoising network receiving pCT images reconstructed with an iterative method as input we observed improved spatial resolution and better RSP accuracy in the output images. The improved images had a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and significantly improved structural similarity index measure (SSIM). More accurate RSP values with better spatial resolution will pave the way for more widespread adoption of pCT for proton treatment planning.
Nanofluids improve energy efficiency of membrane distillation

Abstract Thermal desalination of high salinity water resources is crucial for increasing freshwater supply, but efficiency enhancements are badly needed. Nanomaterial enhancements offer enormous potential for improving promising technologies like membrane distillation (MD). However, while many approaches have been tried, such as nanoparticle solar absorbers or nanomaterial membranes, there have not been studies to directly enhance the fluid properties in MD; via nanofluids. In this work, we examine nanofluids for gap-based MD systems, including the role of nanoscale physics and system-level energy efficiency enhancements. Our model includes the dominant micro-mixing from Brownian motion in fine particle nanofluids (copper oxide) and the unusually high axial conduction from phonon resonance through Van der Waals interaction in carbon nanotube nanofluids. Carbon nanotubes resulted in consistent, wide range of improvements; while copper oxide particles showcased diminishing returns after a concentration of 0.7%, where Brownian motion effects reduced. Nanofluid characterizations illustrated uniform dispersions after at least 75 min of sonication and using surfactants to stabilize the nanoparticles through micelle formations. However, the enhancements at higher concentrations from liquid layering around nanoparticles were impractical in gap-based MD configurations, since the related high surfactant levels compromised membrane hydrophobicity and promoted fouling. Dilute solutions of metallic nanofluids can be actively integrated to enhance the performance of gap-based MD systems, whereas stronger nanofluid solutions should be limited to heat exchangers that meet their thermal energy requirements.
Sector Categorization Using Gradient Boosted Trees Trained on Fundamental Firm Data

We examine to what extent the GICS sector categorization of equity securities may be systematically reconstructed from historical quarterly firm fundamental data using gradient boosted tree classification. Model complexity and performance tradeoffs are examined and relative feature importance is described. Potential extensions are outlined including ideas to improve feature engineering, validating internal consistency and integrating additional data sources to further improve classification accuracy.
Lysine and sulfur amino acid requirements of broiler chicks over short time periods within the starter phase.

SUMMARY Six experiments were conducted to validate the hypothesis that Lys and SAA requirements decrease within the starter phase using 3-day periods from 2 to 11 d of age. In the first 3 experiments, 7 diets were generated by adding L-Lys to a lysine deficient basal diet in 0.10% increments, ranging from 0.85 to 1.45% Digestible Lys. In Experiments 4 to 6, 7 diets were generated by adding 0.07% increments of DL-methionine to a SAA deficient diet to produce diets ranging from 0.63 to 1.04% DSAA. The linear broken line estimate for digestible Lys was 1.22, 1.17 and 1.16% for BWG and 1.31, 1.21, and 1.14% for FCR in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The linear broken line estimate for DSAA was 0.82, 0.81 and 0.94% for BWG and 0.82, 0.80, and 0.90 for FCR in experiments 4, 5, and 6, respectively. These results indicated that Lys requirements decreased linearly as hypothesized, however, the SAA requirements did not follow same pattern.
Guidelines for the Therapist

The philosophy of psychotherapy with adolescent girls presented in this book emphasizes a pragmatic role for the therapist. The therapist needs to address himself or herself to the adolescent’s current (here and now) problems—the problems she has coping with her adolescense. The therapist’s role in helping girls cope with their adolescense varies greatly depending on the individual needs of each girl.
SU-E-T-173: Clinical Comparison of Treatment Plans and Fallback Plans for Machine Downtime

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness and dosimetric quality of fallback planning in relation to machine downtime. Methods: Plans for a Varian Novalis TX were mimicked, and fallback plans using an Elekta VersaHD machine were generated using a dual arc template. Plans for thirty (n=30) patients of various treatment sites optimized and calculated using RayStation treatment planning system. For each plan, a fall back plan was created and compared to the original plan. A dosimetric evaluation was conducted using the homogeneity index, conformity index, as well as DVH analysis to determine the quality of the fallback plan on a different treatment machine. Fallback plans were optimized for 60 iterations using the imported dose constraints from the original plan DVH to give fallback plans enough opportunity to achieve the dose objectives. Results: The average conformity index and homogeneity index for the NovalisTX plans were 0.76 and 10.3, respectively, while fallback plan values were 0.73 and 11.4. (Homogeneity =1 and conformity=0 for ideal plan) The values to various organs at risk were lower in the fallback plans as compared to the imported plans across most organs at risk. Isodose difference comparisons between plans were also compared and the average dose difference across all plans was 0.12%. Conclusion: The clinical impact of fallback planning is an important aspect to effective treatment of patients. With the complexity of LINACS increasing every year, an option to continue treating during machine downtime remains an essential tool in streamlined treatment execution. Fallback planning allows the clinic to continue to run efficiently should a treatment machine become offline due to maintenance or repair without degrading the quality of the plan all while reducing strain on members of the radiation oncology team.
Wyndham Lewis and Lawrence

Who has forgotten F. R. Lea vis's famous pronouncement in D. H. Lawrence: Novelist: "if you took Joyce for a major creative writer, then, like Mr. Eliot, you had no use for Lawrence, and if you judged Lawrence a great writer, then you could hardly take a sustained interest in Joyce." Somehow, happily enough, one managed to forget it in practice: but if the name of Wyndham Lewis were sub stituted for Joyce?and Leavis might permit the substitution?the suggestion might not seem as immediately outrageous. Historically the only significant com parisons of Lawrence with Lewis were made over thirty years ago by two critics with the sharpest of axes to grind?T. S. Eliot, and Leavis in response to him. The terms were as follows: in After Strange Gods Eliot had pointed to a "ridicu lous" element in Lawrence: his lack of a sense of humour, his possession of a "certain snobbery" and, in a highly inflammatory phrase, his "incapacity for what we ordinarily call thinking." At this point Eliot cited the "brilliant ex posure by Wyndham Lewis in Paleface as a conclusive criticism of this inca pacity." Leavis, concerned to insist that Lawrence on the contrary had a supreme intelligence, rich sense of humour and all other admirable qualities, leaped at the chance to expose the man whom Eliot had chosen as exposer: while not denying Wyndham Lewis talent, Leavis managed to make it look suspect?"he [Lewis] is capable of making 'brilliant' connections" (as if they weren't really brilliant at all, or as if to make a 'brilliant' connection were a bit flashy and reprehensible). But it is really Lewis who is incapable of thinking, the air of solid argument in his books is just bluff, and the only side of Lawrence he ex poses is the primitivistic yearning which Lawrence was capable of detecting and analyzing in himself, without outside help. And since Lewis's treatment of sex "is hard-boiled, cynical and external" he is a poor witness to call as alternative to Lawrence's supposed "sexual morbidity"?which Eliot had stressed. Best of all Leavis could turn the tables on Eliot by allowing Lawrence himself to expose Lewis with some words written in a review of Edward Dahlberg's Bottom Dogs:
Abnormality in metabolism of 15N-labeled nitrate in toxemia

The urinary excretion of 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate was studied during the last few weeks in patients with normal pregnancy and in those with toxemia. Marked diminution of the 15N label was found consistently in patients with toxemia in the urinary fraction consisting of nitrogenous compounds other than urea and ammonia. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence and Drug Use Among Homeless Youth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among homeless youth (HY) is common, yet it has continuously been understudied, especially in relation to substance use. As part of a longitudinal study of Los Angeles area HY, drop-in service seeking youth completed a self-administered questionnaire. The presented results are from the third panel of data collection (N = 238), and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) was used to assess IPV behavior regarding the participant’s most recent intimate relationship. Approximately 38% of participants reported IPV behavior in their most recent relationship, and the majority of this behavior was bidirectional. It was unlikely that a HY was only a victim or only a perpetrator. Multivariable models revealed that bidirectional IPV was related to increased odds of recent methamphetamine; whereas sole perpetration was associated with an increased likelihood of ecstasy use. Specific substance use and IPV are closely related to risk behaviors for HY. Comprehensive interventions should...
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PECAN ROOTSTOCKS FOR RESISTANCE TO MELOIDOGYNE PARTITYLA IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES [RESISTENCIA EN CAMPO DE PORTAINJERTOS DE PECANO A MELOIDOGYNE PARTITYLA EM EL SURESTE DE ESTADOS UNIDOS]

Two open pollinated commercial pecan seedling rootstocks were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne partityla in field microplots. Rootstocks tested included seedlings derived from open pollinated seed of ‘Curtis’ and ‘Elliott’ parent trees. ‘Elliott’, a susceptible pecan seedling rootstock for M. partityla, also served as the identifiable control. Both commercial pecan rootstocks supported nematode reproduction as indicated by number of egg masses per plant, number of eggs per plant, and number of eggs per gram dry root and were not significantly different between rootstocks 30 months after inoculation. Differences in tree growth, as measured by trunk diameter and dry root weight, were not found between ‘Elliott’ and ‘Curtis’ rootstocks, but growth suppression of both stocks was influenced in the presence of M. partityla. These results provide useful insights into M. partityla being a potentially economically important pathogen to the pecan industry in the southeastern United States and that the search for an IPM strategy for control of M. partityla on pecan is warranted.Se evaluo la resistencia de campo a Meloidogyne partityla de dos portainjertos de pecano comerciales de polinizacion abierta. Los portainjertos evaluados incluyeron plantulas derivadas de semilla de polinizacion abierta de los padres ‘Curtis’ y ‘Elliott’. El portainjertos ‘Elliott’, susceptible a M. partityla, tambien se utilizo como control positivo. Ambos portainjertos comerciales sostuvieron reproduccion del nematodo, medida como masas de huevo por planta, cantidad de huevos por planta y cantidad de huevos por gramo de raiz seca. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los portainjertos 30 meses despues de la inoculacion. No se encontraron diferencias en el crecimiento de los portainjertos ‘Elliott’ y ‘Curtis’, medido como diametro del tronco y peso seco de raices, pero el nematodo afecto el crecimiento de ambos. Estos resultados brindan evidencia de M. partityla como patogeno de importancia economica en la industria de pecano en el sureste de Estados Unidos e indican que es necesario encontrar estrategias de manejo integrado pare el control de de esta especie en pecano.
A new approach for controlling truncation error of the multipole expansion

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how to control the truncation error of the multipole expansion for FMM (fast multipole method) and MLFMA (multilevel fast multipole algorithm). The choice of truncation number still remains a complex issue. We perform the numerical experiment carefully and improve the control and prediction accuracy. The past selection rule is to use the excess bandwidth formula which becomes worse for small buffer sizes and high accuracy requirements. To improve this, a new approach is proposed.
Infant mortality, class, race and gender: implications for the health profession.

Abstract The disparity in white and African American infant mortality has not only persisted but increased over time and is not expected to diminish in the near future. This article reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the constellation of class, race, and gender vulnerabilities on African American life as manifested in infant mortality. Utilizing a public health framework, it provides an overview of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention initiatives within the social work practice domain. Ethnic-sensitive practice perspective for social workers is highlighted and includes empowerment, strengths, Afri-centric, and advocacy and social action.
Analysis of the heterogeneity of pO2 dynamics during photodynamic therapy with verteporfin.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin provides a reliable way to destroy malignant tissues. Changes in the blood flow and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) during verteporfin-PDT were studied here in the tumor tissue of the rat mammary R3230Ac carcinoma model. Oxygen microelectrodes (6-12 microns tip diameter) were used to measure the transients locally within tumors during intravenous injection of 1.0 mg/kg verteporfin followed by irradiation 15 min later with 690 nm light at 200 mW/cm2, for a cumulative dose of 144 J/cm2. The observed changes in pO2 were heterogeneous and there was a difference in the response of low-pO2 regions relative to higher-pO2 regions. The change in pO2 in hypoxic tissue regions (pO2 8 mm Hg) was more heterogeneous with some areas maintaining their pO2 value after treatment was completed. Blood flow measurements taken on a subset of the animals indicated a significant loss in flow during the initial light delivery that remained low after treatment, indicating some vascular stasis. The results suggest that hypoxic or poorly perfused vessels may be more susceptible to acute stasis than normoxic vessels in this treatment protocol.
High-performance liquid chromatography of hydroxy-steroids detected with post-column immobilized enzyme reactors

Abstract Assaying the low concentrations of steroid hormones in extracts of body fluids requires detectors that are both highly sensitive to the steroid and relatively insensitive to interfering compounds usually present in much higher concentrations. To explore the use of moderately specific enzymes in post-column reactors, we immobilized 3α- and β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on controlled pore glass beads, 37 μm in diameter, and constructed 4.6-mm diameter reactor columns, 3-cm long, packed with one of the two kinds of these beads. Hydroxysteroids eluted from the analytical column were mixed with the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), before passing through the reactor. The effluent from the reactor was passed through the 70-μl flow cell of a fluorometer in which the fluorescence of the NADH produced in the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of the hydroxysteroid was monitored. At the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography flow-rates used, oxidation of the steroids was almost complete. The yield depended on both the residence time of steroids in the reactor column and the concentration of organic modifier in the reaction mixture. Maximal yield was obtained with buffer having a low organic solvent concentration and passing through the reactor slowly. In assays of mixtures of epimeric hydroxysteroids, the 3α-hydroxysteroids were detected with the 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactor; the β-hydroxysteroids were not, confirming the specificity of the enzymatic detection. With the fluorometer used, picomole quantities of steroids could easily be distinguished from noise.
Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon compositions of the Misteca and Carbo iron meteorites

Abstract We report the neon, argon, krypton, and xenon compositions in the medium octahedrites Misteca and Carbo. We observe a 129 Xe component, and to a lesser extent a 131 Xe component, in excess of the trapped and spallation components in Carbo xenon. Otherwise the rare gas compositions can be understood in terms of a cosmic ray spallation component and a trapped component of atmospheric isotopic composition. We see the same agreement between observed and calculated spallation compositions as seen earlier in the Costilla Peak medium octahedrite and attribute the observed differences in the three meteorites to different degrees of cosmic ray shielding.
Imatinib spells BAD news for Bcr/abl-positive leukemias.

One of the medical success stories of the past decade has been the development of new agents to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Building on earlier studies that identified the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation in CML, cloned the BCR/ABL fusion gene, and demonstrated the ability of the resulting kinase to transform cells, investigators identified imatinib mesylate as an inhibitor of that kinase, demonstrated that imatinib inhibits proliferation and survival of Bcr/abl-transformed hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo, and performed clinical trials showing unprecedented activity in chronic-phase CML (1). When the earliest trials of imatinib in aggressive-phase CML and Bcr/abl-driven acute lymphocytic leukemia revealed emergence of resistance as a problem, the contribution of point mutations in the BCR/ABL gene was demonstrated (2), and kinase inhibitors that are unaffected by some of these mutations, including the recently approved dasatinib and nilotinib, entered clinical testing (3). It is important to emphasize, however, that BCR/ABL mutations are found in only a subset of imatinib-resistant Bcr/abl-driven leukemias (4). In this issue of PNAS, a report by Kuroda et al. (5) not only provides new insight into the cytotoxic action of imatinib but also potentially identifies another mechanism of resistance and a means for overcoming it.