cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Annular constriction of the rectum secondary to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is often a locally progressive disease. Regional lymph node metastasis is a frequent finding and may be the first sign of recurrence. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is rare, but metastasis to the colon, small intestine, and stomach have been reported. Herein, we present a case of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder manifesting as an annular constricting mass of the rectum, and review the literature regarding this unusual lesion.
Work systems as the core of the design space for organisational design and engineering

This paper contributes to the initial development of organisational design and engineering (ODE). It proposes a work system perspective on ODE by showing how work system concepts provide a basis for discussing and researching areas where behavioural science and computer science are jointly relevant to the operation and success of IT-reliant work systems through which organisations operate. This paper is organised as follows: it clarifies its view of ODE in general by proposing a general theory of ODE, that does not rely on work system concepts; it introduces basic ideas in the work system approach; it summarises a work system approach to ODE; it summarises three design spaces that are organised using work system concepts; it discusses correspondences and divergences with the original ODE white paper (Magalhaes and Silva, 2009); it summarises the advantages of a work system approach to ODE.
Trypsin inhibitor and the nutritional value of soya beans.

1. One reason, based on indirect evidence, advanced in explanation of the low nutritional value of raw soya bean (RS) is that it stimulates the pancreas to secrete massive amounts of protein which are ultimately lost in the faeces. This theory has been investigated directly. 2. The expected outpouring of pancreatic protein did not occur when the secretion of enzymes and protein in pancreatic juice from chickens and rats given successively heated soya bean (HS) and RS diets was measured directly. 3. It is suggested that RS, acting upon intestinal proteins, forms trypsin inhibitor-protein complexes which, in spite of adequate proteolytic activity, escape digestion and are lost with the faeces, thus decreasing the nutritional value of the diet.
THE CYPRUS CRISIS: a multilateral bargaining simulation

Using Kolb's experimental learning model as a blueprint, the authors devise an active learning simulation to introduce students to general theories and concepts of international relations. Besides encompassing abstract theories and concepts, the simulation facilitates the development of critical and analytical thinking skills. Students research real political actors' roles and actively participate in managing an acute crisis in Cyprus. During the crisis, students must evaluate options, make binding decisions, and negotiate deals with one another. The authors find that students embrace the opportunity to learn in a fun, stimulating environment and learn more as a result.
A Cosmopolitan Way of Life for All? A Reassessment of the Impact of Urban and Region on Racial Attitudes From 1972 to 2006

The purpose of this article is to re-evaluate the independent impact of urban and regional residency on racial tolerance from 1972 to 2006. Recent scholarship has questioned the extent to which the...
Treatment of mucous hypersecretion

Summary Airway secretions are produced by glandular and epithelial exocytosis and vascular permeability. Each process plays a unique role in different disease states, and so treatment must be tailored to the pathophysiological mechanism(s). In acute allergic rhinitis, the watery rhinorrhea is predominantly plasma with only about one-third derived from histamine-induced nociceptive afferent nerve and parasympathetic reflexes. The acetylcholine acts on muscarinic M3 receptors on glands to stimulate exocytosis from both mucous and serous cells. Parasympathetic, cholinergic reflex-mediated glandular secretion responds very well to anticholinergic drugs. More chronic inflammation as seen in chronic rhinosinusitis and bronchitis leads to goblet cell hyperplasia and increased secretion of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), a secreted, gel-forming mucin that contains many serine–threonine repeats that are studded with large O-linked carbohydrate groups. Progressively worsening inflammation leads to the addition of sialic acid and sulphate to generate acidic mucins. The protein chains are cross-linked by disulphide bonds to form large, buoyant islands that float on the epithelial lining fluid. These sticky macromolecules form complexes with albumin and neutrophil-derived DNA, F-actin, and proteolytic enzymes, creating mucoclots. These tenacious, viscous, mucoclots can adhere to epithelial linings, which may lead to occlusion of small airways that causes reduced airflow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Mucous plugging is a problem leading to the overwhelming mucous hypersecretion and solidification of ‘end-stage’ acute asthma attacks. Mucous hypersecretion of this severity has been correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in lung disease. Anticholinergic drugs are essential therapies in these conditions. Other medications for mucous hypersecretion include expectorants, anti-inflammatory agents, macrolides, inhaled DNase, and a host of unproven products. Information about signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and mucin synthesis has provided a framework for understanding the excess production of goblet cell MUC5AC in disease, and has identified potential targets for future drug therapy.
Drosophila Fragile X-Related Gene Regulates the MAP1B Homolog Futsch to Control Synaptic Structure and Function

Fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) encodes an RNA binding protein that acts as a negative translational regulator. We have developed a Drosophila fragile X syndrome model using loss-of-function mutants and overexpression of the FMR1 homolog (dfxr). dfxr nulls display enlarged synaptic terminals, whereas neuronal overexpression results in fewer and larger synaptic boutons. Synaptic structural defects are accompanied by altered neurotransmission, with synapse type-specific regulation in central and peripheral synapses. These phenotypes mimic those observed in mutants of microtubule-associated Futsch. Immunoprecipitation of dFXR shows association with futsch mRNA, and Western analyses demonstrate that dFXR inversely regulates Futsch expression. dfxr futsch double mutants restore normal synaptic structure and function. We propose that dFXR acts as a translational repressor of Futsch to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function.
Optimizing lineage information in genetic algorithms for producing superior models

A lot of research in the area of genetic algorithms (GA) is applied, but little research examines the impact of lineage information in optimizing a GA. Normally, researchers consider primarily elitism, an approach which carries only a very small fixed subset of the population to the next generation, as a lineage strategy. This paper investigates several different lineage percentages (what percent of the population to carry forward) to determine an ideal percentage or range from improving the accuracy of a GA. Several experiments are performed, and all results are statistically validated.
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in obese cats.

Six adult domestic shorthair obese cats were given 3-mg/kg gentamicin sulfate by rapid i.v. and by s.c. injection in a cross-over design. The plasma concentration-time data were analyzed using statistical moment theory with no assumption of a specific compartmental model. Means +/- SD for the half-life, which was calculated from the terminal slope of the log concentration-time curve, were 1.37 +/- 0.24 and 1.24 +/- 0.22 h following i.v. and s.c. injection, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 118.55 +/- 19.83 ml/kg, and total body clearance was 1.07 +/- 0.25 ml/kg/min. Bioavailability was 83.58 +/- 14.83% after s.c. administration. The calculated s.c. dose in obese cats to produce an average steady-state concentration of 4 micrograms/ml is 2.5 mg/kg every 8 h compared to 3 mg/kg in normal-weight cats.
Rationales and Norms for Teacher Dress Codes: A Review of Employee Handbooks

The research question was “What dress norms and related rationales are found in teacher dress policies?” Data were 102 school employee handbooks. Eighty-two handbooks (80.4%) provided one or more rationale, most frequently being “To project a positive image in the community” (n = 56). Dress norms, categorized as broad and itemized, were determined to positively and negatively affect the learning environment. Findings can provide school administrations with the components of a clear teacher dress code policy.
Mineral attachment to calcium-based sorbent particles during in situ desulfurization in coal gasification processes

Abstract Minerals' attachment to calcium-based sorbent particles during in situ desulfurization of coal gasification process has been investigated. Results show that iron (Fe) from coal tends to attach itself to calcium (Ca) as a result of solid–solid reactions occurring during the process, and hence, forming complex compounds, e.g. calcium iron oxide (CaFe 3 O 5 ) and ilvite (CaFe 3 (SiO 4 ) 2 OH). Other alkali metals included in the ash do not show much of this tendency. The occurrence of solid–solid reactions reduces the efficiency of the sorbents due to the reduction of effective absorption area and also leads to the agglomeration of particles. Results also show that these reactions tend to occur in very fine particles at localized locations. This suggests that a proper choice of sorbent particle sizes may reduce their effect.
Statistics associated with spatial fault simulation used for evaluating integrated circuit yield enhancement

Clustered faults that affect the manufacture of integrated circuits are modeled by a simulation approach in which the fault formation is a function of time. In one such approach, the probability of generating a fault in a given subarea of an integrated circuit at any given time is assumed to depend on the number of faults already in that area and on the number of faults in the nearest-neighbor adjacent subareas. Although such procedures had been used heuristically, technical considerations show that this stochastic approach actually is analytically justifiable. It is found that the resulting distribution functions, the joint probability distribution function, the distribution function of the sum of dependent random variables, and the correlation between these variables are identical to results obtained with a large-area cluster model using compound Poisson statistics. This offers a unique insight into a statistical isomorphism that has been a puzzling issue. >
The Effect of Job Search Method, Sex, Activity Level, and Emotional Acceptance on New Job Characteristics: Implications for Counseling Unemployed Professionals.

SUMMARY The pervasiveness of downsizing and work force reductions duringthe past decade have left millions unemployed. Equally disturbingis the fact that govemment statistics greatly underestimate un-employment by failing to account for discouraged job seekers andthe permanently unemployed (Shifron, Dye, & Shifron, 1983). Inaddition, downsizing has dramatically altered traditional corporatestructures and affected employment opportunities for white-collarAmericans. This study suggests that the economic reality of fiatcorporations is less pay, reduced benefits, and lower status, leadingmany professional workers to be substantially underemployed. Theresults also show, however, that many displaced workers arefinding more satisfying and intrinsically rewarding new jobs.Counselors and employment specialists can play a key role ineasing this trginsition into new and satisfying jobs. They are facedwith the challenge of helping these workers alter their expectations,reexamine their reemployment options, and adjust to possiblechanges in family income. Because so many upwardly mobileprofessionals have grown accustomed to jobs providing such ex-trinsic and intrinsic incentives, adjustment to the reality of thisnew job market presents a major challenge for the involuntarilydisplaced and those who serve them.REFERENCES
Soliton stars and the critical masses of black holes.

New possibilities of cold stable stellar configurations, based on nontopological soliton solutions in general relativity, are examined. They represent coherent quantum states with very large masses M; depending on the theory, M can be \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{15}$ times the solar mass, or less.
Two-locus linkage analysis using recombinant inbred strains and Bayes' theorem.

Recombinant inbred (RI) strains are useful in linkage analysis and gene mapping. However, the generally small number of strains in an RI strain set limits the power of RI strains in linkage detection. Several methods for increasing the power of RI strains have been used, including summing data across RI strain sets and excluding linkage to genomic regions. In this paper, Bayesian analysis is applied to three-locus linkage data. This method further increases the power of RI strains to detect linkage and gives estimations of the probability of each of the three possible gene orders if the test locus is linked to the pair of marker loci. Several examples are presented, including reconsideration of the position of the proto-oncogene L-myc on the mouse linkage map.
Cruise ship tourism in Belize: The implications of developing cruise ship tourism in an ecotourism destination

An internet search on Belize will quickly reveal that the country markets its tourism product largely on the basis of the natural and cultural attractions it has to offer. Essentially, it is portrayed as an ecotourism destination. In simple terms, ecotourism can be defined as tourism that occurs in natural areas. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) provides a more comprehensive definition, which they associate with a list of guiding principles. TIES defines ecotourism as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people" [1].
PROLONGED INFUSION OF FLUORINATED PYRIMIDINES IN GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCIES : A REVIEW OF RECENT CLINICAL TRIALS

(1994). Prolonged Infusion of Fluorinated Pyrimidines in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 166-175.
Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes.

Background: Adipose tissue is responsible for releasing various adipokines that have been related to insulin resistance. Understanding the relationship of these adipokines to insulin resistance may foster the development of new treatments for diabetes. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether an association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance exists in nonobese individuals without a family history or diagnosis of diabetes. The secondary objective was to determine by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan which adipose tissue depot most closely relates to RBP4 levels. Design:Cross-sectionalanalysisof92studyparticipantsranginginage from20to83yrwasperformed.Therangeofbodymassindex(BMI)was from 18 to 30 kg/m 2 . Exclusion criteria were a BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 , family history of diabetes, or a diagnosis of diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Body fat was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Results: RBP4 values were lower in females (35.8 1.7 g/ml) compared with males (39.9 1.4 g/ml; P 0.06). RBP4 levels were found to correlate negatively with insulin sensitivity (r 0.32; P 0.002) and positively with age (r 0.38; P 0.001). RBP4 levels did not correlate with BMI (r 0.13; P 0.22), trunk fat (r 0.16; P 0.22), or percent body fat (r 0.07; P 0.65). However, RBP4 levels did correlate with percent trunk fat (r 0.36; P 0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate a relationship between RBP4, insulin sensitivity, and percent trunk fat in individuals who may not have features of insulin resistance. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 1886–1890, 2007)
Activity of rubidium and cesium in soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): insect feeding on cotton and soybean measured by elemental markers.

Uptake and translocation of the elemental markers rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) within adult soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the laboratory in various feeding and mating treatments. Neonates were tested to determine marker transfer from male and female adults fed rubidium chloride (RbCl)-treated artificial nectar, cesium chloride (CsCl)-treated artificial nectar, or both. All females contained detectable levels of Rb, Cs, or both, which were obtained either through direct feeding or via spermatophores. Rubidium was present in females at significantly greater levels than Cs. No significant differences in Rb levels were observed between feeding or spermatophore acquisitions. Most neonates had significantly higher levels of Rb than Cs. In a field cage study to evaluate adult feeding and oviposition behavior on blooming cotton and blooming soybean treated with RbCl and CsCl, respectively, more eggs contained Rb than Cs, indicating greater feeding on cotton nectar than soybean nectar, regardless of the host plant upon which eggs were laid. Females laid more eggs on blooming soybean than on blooming cotton. Higher levels of Rb in cotton than Cs in soybean were recorded and may be attributed to initial elemental marker quantities available to the insects. This study provides the support for the generalized observations that soybean looper infestations in soybean can be related to feeding activities by adults in cotton.
PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF ENDOGENOUS FUNGAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS AND CHORIORETINITIS RATES, CLINICAL COURSE, AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH FUNGEMIA.

PURPOSE Former studies have found rates of endogenous endophthalmitis ranging from 0% to 37% in patients with fungemia. This study sought to prospectively determine the rate and risk factors for endogenous chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis in patients with fungemia. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed of consecutive adult inpatients at a single site from 2010 to 2013 of patients with positive blood cultures for fungus. One hundred and nineteen pieces of information were gathered for each patient. RESULTS A total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study with 7 positive cases of chorioretinitis for a rate of 5.6%. Of these positive cases, 2 patients had endophthalmitis for a rate of 1.6%. Two patients who had a negative initial examination subsequently had a positive examination; 57% of the chorioretinitis patients who could report symptoms were asymptomatic, 57% of the chorioretinitis patients died, and 32% of negative cases died. Prolonged hospitalization, altered mental status, total parenteral nutrition, and gastrointestinal surgery were protective on univariate but not multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Despite modern antifungal therapy, fungal chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis continue to occur in patients with positive fungal cultures. Two dilated ophthalmic examinations should still be considered even in asymptomatic patients with fungemia.
REGULATING IMMIGRATION LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS: INADEQUATE REPRESENTATION AND NOTARIO FRAUD

Immigrants are often easy prey for bogus or incompetent attorneys, "notarios," scam artists, and other bad actors who take advantage of immigrants’ limited knowledge of U.S. law, lack of English fluency, and lack of cultural knowledge to charge exorbitant fees for wild promises of green cards and citizenship that the bad actors cannot - or in some cases never intended to - deliver. Such exploitation is merely a symptom, however, of the larger problem of inadequate access to competent legal counsel by foreign nationals seeking to navigate our labyrinthine scheme of immigration laws, regulations, and policies. Contrary to popular belief, not all of these foreign nationals are "illegal aliens" who slipped over our southern border; many are entitled to obtain lawful immigration status, if only they had adequate guidance from qualified counsel to help them seek it. Unfortunately, there is no constitutionally guaranteed right to counsel in immigration proceedings (even in cases where deportation is at stake), and competent private and nonprofit resources are limited. After illustrating the nature of the problem with some real-life stories of immigrants who have been victimized by fraudulent service providers, and discussing the current state of the law with respect to what constitutes the inadequate practice of immigration law and who is legally permitted to represent immigrants in immigration matters, this report proposes changes to local, state, and federal law and policy that would help to combat fraudulent activities by unscrupulous non-lawyers and inadequately trained lawyers alike. These and other proposals are put forth in an attempt to help lay the groundwork for ensuring that immigrants in need of competent legal counsel can access the help to which they should be entitled.
Pacemakers as Atrial Fibrillation Detectors: Finding Racial Differences and Opportunities for Preventing Stroke

Implantation of permanent pacemakers has become routine and pervasive. Overall use increased by 53% between 1993 and 2009, with a significant steady decline in single‐chamber ventricular devices throughout this time period and a significant steady rise in dual‐chamber devices until around 2002,
Connecting Applied and Theoretical Bayesian Epistemology: Data Relevance, Pragmatics, and the Legal Case of Sally Clark

In this article applied and theoretical epistemologies benefit each other in a study of the British legal case of R. vs. Clark. Clark's first infant died at 11 weeks of age, in December 1996. About a year later, Clark had a second child. After that child died at eight weeks of age, Clark was tried for murdering both infants. Statisticians and philosophers have disputed how to apply Bayesian analyses to this case, and thereby arrived at different judgments about it. By dwelling on this applied case, I make theoretical gains: clarifying and defending pragmatic principles of inference that are important for estimating key probabilities in a range of cases. Then, partly by drawing on such principles, and uncovering overlooked data on post-partum psychosis, I make applied gains: improving the rationality of judgments about the Sally Clark case in particular, judgments important to future similar cases.
A Combined Coarse-Grained and All-Atom Molecular Simulation of the TRPV1 Channel

The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels act as key sensors of various chemical and physical stimuli in eukaryotic cells. Despite years of study, the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation remain unclear. To elucidate the structural, dynamic, and energetic basis of gating in TRPV1 (a founding member of the TRPV subfamily), we performed coarse-grained modeling and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on the recently solved high resolution structures of the open and closed form of TRPV1. Our coarse-grained normal mode analysis captures two key modes of collective motions involved in the TRPV1 gating transition, featuring a quaternary twist motion of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) relative to the intracellular domains (ICDs). Our transition pathway modeling predicts a sequence of structural movements that propagate from the ICDs to the TMDs via key interface domains (including the membrane proximal domain and the C-terminal domain), leading to sequential opening of the selectivity filter followed by the lower gate in the channel pore (confirmed by modeling conformational changes induced by the activation of ICDs). The above findings of coarse-grained modeling are robust to perturbation by lipids. Finally, our MD simulation of the ICD identifies key residues that contribute differently to the nonpolar energy of the open and closed state, and these residues are predicted to control the temperature sensitivity of TRPV1 gating. We will also report preliminary MD simulation results of the full-length TRPV1 channel.For reference, check out J Gen Physiol. 2015 May;145(5):443-56 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25918362).
Bacterial phytotoxins: Mechanisms of action

Many species of phytopathogenic procaryotes produce toxins that appear to function in disease development. The affect the plant in different ways, the end result of which is the elicitation of chlorosis, necrosis, watersoaking, growth abnormalities or wilting. The most extensively studied toxins cause chlorosis. They specifically inhibit diverse enzymes, all critical to the plant cell. This inhibition results in a complex series of metabolic dysfunctions ultimately resulting in symptom expression. Substances causing growth abnormalities consist of known phytohormones and other compounds with plant hormone-like activities, but which have no structural relationship to the known hormones. The former act in the usual manner but, because of their elevated levels and imbalances, the host's regulatory mechanisms are overwhelmed and abnormal growth results (hyperplasia, shoot or root formation); the mechanisms of action of the latter group are unknown. High molecular weight, carbohydrate-containing substances, also acting in unknown ways, cause tissue watersoaking or wilting. Likewise, we know little about toxins causing necrosis except for syringomycin which affects ion transport across the plasmalemma.
Music: an exception to Creole exceptionalism? Cape Verdean national identity and creativity post-independence

This article focuses on the interrelationship between the Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) language and music as it has developed over time in literature, composition and performance experience. The written record demonstrates that, over time, a blend of scholar-practitioners, trained academics who often engaged in both the study and composition of lyrics and music, blurred the lines of the oral and written hierarchy in CVC, ultimately co-fashioning the relationship between language and music as essential to identity alongside the many existing creative practitioners working exclusively in the oral realm. Since independence, too, a major intellectual project of Cape Verdean writers has been to celebrate the work of practitioners in a scholarly fashion. Simultaneously, many practitioners have worked to reclaim and reinvigorate traditional music genres. This has contributed immensely to both the understanding and creative expression of Cape Verdean national identity, or caboverdianidade. This article also takes on...
Bravo! Using Library Dance Collections to Recreate Historical Ballets

ABSTRACTRecreating a kinesthetic art form is not easy. For ballets created in the modern age, film, videotape, and dance notation aid in the reconstruction. For historic masterworks, the process is akin to a detective story, as the dance reconstructors hunt for clues to the missing information. They comb through notated dance and music scores, choreographers’ notes, pictures, libretti, reviews, sketches, and eyewitness accounts. These archival materials are commonly housed in libraries’ special collections. The Jerome Robbins Dance Collection at the New York City Public Library for the Performing Arts is the foremost collection in the United States, but there are many other excellent collections, including at the Library of Congress and in university libraries. The authors explore one of the great reconstructions of the 20th century—Robert Joffrey’s remarkable 16-year effort to recreate Nijinsky’s lost choreography for the 1913 ballet The Rite of Spring.
Multiple-objective optimisation of machining operations based on neural networks

Metal cutting plays an important role in manufacturing industries. Optimisation of cutting parameters represents a key component in machining process planning. In this paper, a neural network based approach to multiple-objective optimization of cutting parameters is presented. First, the problem of determining the optimum machining parameters is formulated as a multiple-objective optimization problem. Then, neural networks are proposed to represent manufacturers' preference structures. To demonstrate the procedure and performance of the neural network approach, an illustrative example is discussed in detail.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Associations between Infant Fussy Temperament and Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence

Previous research suggests that fussy temperament in infancy predicts risk for later antisocial behavior (ASB) in childhood and adolescence. It remains unclear, however, to what extent infant fussiness is related to later ASB through causal processes or if they both reflect the same family risk factors for ASB. The current study used two approaches, the comparison of siblings and bivariate biometric modeling, to reduce familial confounding and examine genetic and environmental influences on associations between fussiness in the first 2 years of life and ASB in childhood and late adolescence. Analyses were conducted on data from a prospective cohort (9237 at 4-9 years and 7034 at 14-17 years) who are the offspring of a nationally representative sample of US women. In the full sample, fussiness predicted both child and adolescent ASB to small but significant extents, controlling for a wide range of measured child and family-level covariates. When siblings who differed in their fussiness were compared, fussiness predicted ASB in childhood, but not ASB during adolescence. Furthermore, results from a bivariate Cholesky model suggested that even the association of fussiness with childhood ASB found when comparing siblings is attributable to familial factors. That is, although families with infants who are higher in fussiness also tend to have children and adolescents who engage in greater ASB, the hypothesis that infant fussiness has an environmentally mediated impact on the development of future ASB was not strongly supported.
Taming Non-Blocking Caches to Improve Isolation in Multicore Real-Time Systems

In this paper, we show that cache partitioning does not necessarily ensure predictable cache performance in modern COTS multicore platforms that use non-blocking caches to exploit memory- level-parallelism (MLP). Through carefully designed experiments using three real COTS multicore platforms (four distinct CPU architectures) and a cycle- accurate full system simulator, we show that special hardware registers in non-blocking caches, known as Miss Status Holding Registers (MSHRs), which track the status of outstanding cache-misses, can be a significant source of contention; we observe up to 21X WCET increase in a real COTS multicore platform due to MSHR contention. We propose a hardware and system software (OS) collaborative approach to efficiently eliminate MSHR contention for multicore real-time systems. Our approach includes a low-cost hardware extension that enables dynamic control of per-core MLP by the OS. Using the hardware extension, the OS scheduler then globally controls each core's MLP in such a way that eliminates MSHR contention and maximizes overall throughput of the system. We implement the hardware extension in a cycle- accurate fullsystem simulator and the scheduler modification in Linux 3.14 kernel. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach using a set of synthetic and macro benchmarks. In a case study, we achieve up to 19% WCET reduction (average: 13%) for a set of EEMBC benchmarks compared to a baseline cache partitioning setup.
Understanding Client Communities Spatially for Developing Effective Interventions: Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Technology for Program Planning in Health and Human Services Agencies

ABSTRACTSocial workers are better equipped to understand the need to incorporate geographical aspects pertaining to their clients’ lives as part of their practice, given the significant influence these factors have on client well-being. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is a useful tool for administrators and planners to make informed decisions regarding human service programs including examining program outcomes and impact as well as streamlining program implementation. This article synthesizes the literature to date on GIS in health and human services with examples of real world applications.
Adopting Osler's principles: medical textbooks in American medical schools, 1891-1906.

En 1891, William Oster publia un livre sur l'enseignement medical. En quinze ans, ce livre a ete adopte par les facultes de medecine et a travers cette adoption, c'est l'identite de la pratique medicale proprement americaine qui est nee
Adenosine inhibits arginine vasopressin-stimulated chloride secretion in a mouse IMCD cell line (mIMCD-K2).

Previously, we demonstrated that a mouse inner medullary collecting duct cell line (mIMCD-K2) secretes Cl- by an electrogenic mechanism via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR...
The Early Life of Charles Tiebout

Charles Mills Tiebout revolutionized Public Choice through his development of a model which describes how local governments may attract footloose residents who seek a community that affords them the best opportunity to achieve happiness. That his ideas were novel and intellectually brave should not come as a surprise for the family name Tiebout comes from a Dutch word meaning ‘brave’ or ‘bold’. Furthermore, the New World patriarch of the family did much to forge the meaning of his family’s name.
ADDITIONS OF THIOLS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES TO BRIDGED BICYCLIC OLEFINS

Abstract The free-radical addition of p-thiocresol to bi cyclo -(2,2,l)-heptene-2 has been found to involve placement of the p -thiocresoxy fragment in an exo -position and to occur without Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. When the same addition was made to an unsymmetrically substituted bi cyclo heptene, it was possible to demonstrate that both fragments added exclusively cis and exo. The addition of p -thiocresol to an unsymmetrically substituted bi cyclo -(2,2,2)-octene was found to be somewhat less stereospecific but was still predominantly cis. These facts are accommodated by a mechanism involving only classical free-radical intermediates. Lack of Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements and predominant cis-exo addition rule against mesomeric carbon or sulfur free-radical intermediates. This situation is contrasted with that of ionic additions to similar compounds. The addition of thiols to bi cyclo -(2,2,l)-heptadiene-2,5 (norbornadiene), a bicyclic diolefin gave a mixture of 1,2-addition and 1,5-homoconjugative addition. The p -thiocresoxy fragment entered the exo -position in the 1,2 addition. The nortricyclyl structure was the result of 1,5-homoconjugative addition. A reaction mechanism is formulated with classical free-radical intermediates. Reaction rate evidence is cited to disprove any importance of a mesomeric free radical. The relative reactivity found experimentally for norbornadiene, norbornene and cyclo hexene toward mercaptan is rationalized. p -Toluenesulfenyl chloride was added to four bridged bicyclic olefins and in each case the stereochemistry of addition was trans. No evidence could be found for either Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements or homoconjugative addition. A reaction mechanism involving a 1,2-cyclic sulfonium ion of low energy is used to explain these observations. Solvolysis data of β -chlorothioethers are consistent with the mechanism postulated.
Discovering your teaching style: Seven ways to enhance your classroom presence

Un bibliothecaire charge d'enseigner la culture de l'information a l'universite doit apprendre a developper son propre style instructionnel. Pour cela, il doit multiplier les occasions d'enseigner, s'inspirer des experiences des autres bibliothecaires, s'efforcer de penser a la fois comme un etudiant et comme un membre de l'equipe enseignante, tenir compte de sa personnalite, connaitre les differents styles d'enseignement, enfin se montrer patient.
Examining environmental drivers of spatial variability in aflatoxin accumulation in Kenyan maize: potential utility in risk prediction models

Maize, a staple food in most African countries, is prone to contamination by aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus . Aflatoxins are known to cause liver cancer, and chronic exposure has been linked to other adverse health outcomes including growth faltering in children. To mitigate exposure in maize-dependent populations, there is need to identify the factors associated with aflatoxin contamination. This is difficult, however, because of high sampling cost and lack of affordable and accurate analytical methods. Publicly available, remotely-sensed data on vegetation, precipitation, and soil properties could be useful in predicting locations at risk for aflatoxin contamination in maize. This study investigates the utility of publicly available remotely-sensed data on rainfall, vegetation cover (indicated by normalized difference vegetation index or NDVI), and soil characteristics as potential predictors of aflatoxin contamination in Kenyan maize. Aflatoxin was analyzed in maize samples (n=2466) that were collected in 2009 and 2010 at 243 local hammer mills in eastern and western Kenya. Overall, 60% of maize samples had detectable aflatoxin. Global positioning system coordinates of each mill location were linked to remotely-sensed, spatially explicit indicators of average monthly NDVI, total monthly rainfall, and soil properties. Higher rainfall and vegetation cover during the maize pre-flowering period were significantly associated with higher prevalence of aflatoxin contamination. Conversely, higher rainfall and vegetation cover during the maize flowering and post-flowering periods (not including harvest) were associated with lower prevalence of aflatoxin contamination. Water stress throughout the growing season may cause increased plant susceptibility to fungal colonization and aflatoxin accumulation. Soil organic carbon content, pH, total exchangeable bases, salinity, texture, and soil type were significantly associated with aflatoxin. In conclusion, this study shows that remotely-sensed data can be regressed on available aflatoxin data highlighting important potential predictors that could reduce the cost of data collection and the cost of aflatoxin risk forecasting models. Keywords: Aflatoxin, GIS, NDVI, soil characteristics, rainfall, mycotoxins, East Africa, Kenya
The physiology of growth arrest: uniting molecular and environmental microbiology

Most bacteria spend the majority of their time in prolonged states of very low metabolic activity and little or no growth, in which electron donors, electron acceptors and/or nutrients are limited, but cells are poised to undergo rapid division cycles when resources become available. These non-growing states are far less studied than other growth states, which leaves many questions regarding basic bacterial physiology unanswered. In this Review, we discuss findings from a small but diverse set of systems that have been used to investigate how growth-arrested bacteria adjust metabolism, regulate transcription and translation, and maintain their chromosomes. We highlight major questions that remain to be addressed, and suggest that progress in answering them will be aided by recent methodological advances and by dialectic between environmental and molecular microbiology perspectives.
Integrating Care in the Public Sector

Patients with serious mental illnesses (SMI) have greater odds of having chronic and multiple physical comorbidities, leading to increased morbidity and early morbidity. The majority of the population receives their health care services in public sector settings. Historically, there have been ongoing concerns about poor coordination and integration of primary care and mental health services in the public sector, leading to poor quality of care and outcomes for patients. This chapter provides an overview of the historical roots of the current public health and mental health systems, and addresses clinical and professional issues arising for psychiatrists in light of anticipated changes to the public mental health system.
46. Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella, LXXXIV

(1948). 46. Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella, LXXXIV. The Explicator: Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 84-85.
Natural Concepts, Psychology of

A concept is a mental representation of a class of entities. Natural concepts are the mental representations of classes that are found in nature, such as robins or sapphires. Concepts are critical for intelligent action—they allow us to treat some entities as equivalent with respect to some purpose. Concepts provide knowledge of how to classify new entities, plus are important for problem solving, explanation, prediction, and understanding. Three views of classification are contrasted: a definitional view, one in which a category is represented by a prototype, a summary representation of the most typical feature values, and one in which concepts are viewed as embedded in larger explanatory structures. The focus is then on how concepts are related in a hierarchy. Evidence is presented that one level of the hierarchy, the basic level (e.g., apple, rather than fruit or Granny Smith apple), is psychologically privileged. This level appears to be a compromise between informativeness and distinctiveness. The article ends with a consideration of the role of concepts in making inferences.
Incidence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Infections in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

BACKGROUND Despite a reported worldwide increase, the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella infections in the United States is unknown. Understanding the incidence and trends of ESBL infections will aid in directing research and prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To perform a literature review to identify the incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella infections in the United States. DESIGN Systematic literature review. METHODS MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL, Cochrane library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for multicenter (≥2 sites), US studies published between 2000 and 2015 that evaluated the incidence of ESBL-E. coli or ESBL-Klebsiella infections. We excluded studies that examined resistance rates alone or did not have a denominator that included uninfected patients such as patient days, device days, number of admissions, or number of discharges. Additionally, articles that were not written in English, contained duplicated data, or pertained to ESBL organisms from food, animals, or the environment were excluded. RESULTS Among 51,419 studies examined, 9 were included for review. Incidence rates differed by patient population, time, and ESBL definition and ranged from 0 infections per 100,000 patient days to 16.64 infections per 10,000 discharges and incidence rates increased over time from 1997 to 2011. Rates were slightly higher for ESBL-Klebsiella infections than for ESBL-E. coli infections. CONCLUSION The incidence of ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-Klebsiella infections in the United States has increased, with slightly higher rates of ESBL-Klebsiella infections. Appropriate estimates of ESBL infections when coupled with other mechanisms of resistance will allow for the appropriate targeting of resources toward research, drug discovery, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1209-1215.
High Frequency Gust Interaction with Single Loaded Airfoils in Subsonic Flows

This paper presents the high frequency extension of a first-order, finite-difference numerical scheme which the authors have previously developed for solving unsteady, subsonic, periodic vortical flows around isolated airfoils. The method which we have developed is based on the rapid distortion approximation, and fully accounts for the convection and distortion of the upstream vorticity by the nonuniform mean flow around the airfoil. The problem is formulated in the frequency domain, and a transformation is made into computational coordinates using an elliptic coordinate transformation. Numerical solution to the problem is then obtained by solving a frequency dependent matrix equation by a sparse matrix solver. Numerical results are presented for the unsteady lift of various airfoils in one-, two-, and three-dimensional gusts. Comparisons are made with analytical solutions where possible to demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical results.
Undescribed Juvenile Plumages of the Laysan Rail Or Crake (Zapornia palmeri: Frohawk, 1892) and A Detailed Chronology of Its Extinction

ABSTRACT The extinct Laysan Rail or Crake (Zapornia palmeri) was a small, flightless rail endemic to Laysan Island in the northwestern chain of the Hawaiian Archipelago. I detail the collections made, including eggs, nests, juveniles, and numerous adults prior to its extinction. The juvenile plumage was seemingly well documented, but my study of a series of juvenile specimens collected in 1891 and 1896 provides hitherto undescribed molt changes, from downy chick to definitive plumage. Morphometric data show that sexual size dimorphism is present with males being slightly more robust in bill, legs, and feet. I provide a detailed review of the literature showing the chronology of events that led to the extinction of the species and how this easily could have been avoided.
Abstract TP375: Screening for Nontraditional Stroke Symptoms in Women: What is the Evidence? A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose: Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. It is projected by the year 2030, there will be a 20.5% increase in the prevalence of stroke, with women being at highest risk. Women can present with nontraditional symptoms of stroke. The purpose of this review of literature was to determine the accuracy, reliability, validity, and sensitivity of existing stroke screening tools that incorporate nontraditional symptoms, and examine gender differences. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was completed in five databases: CINAHL Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and SCOPUS. Websites were scanned for gray material. Key terms where utilized as text words, title, abstract and medical subject headings to identify related studies of relevance. Results: References were screened by title and abstract. Twenty-nine out of 1175 articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven stroke screening tools were identified; Melbourne Ambulance Stroke Screen, Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS), Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, Ontario Prehospital Stroke Screening Tool, Medic Prehospital Assessment for Code Stroke, the Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room, and Face Arm Speech Test. A thematic synthesis approach organizing data according to patterns identified: early recognition of stroke is crucial to timely treatment and better patient outcomes, a difference in stroke symptoms exists between genders, knowledge and awareness of nontraditional stroke symptoms are essential for early identification, current stroke screen tools have a potential for nearly 30% error of non-identification of stroke, and only 2 of 7 screening tools identify more than 1 of 11 non-traditional symptoms with the most encouraging tool (LAPSS) only identifying 3 symptoms (loss of consciousness, confusion, and seizures). Conclusions: Evidence suggests limitations exists within current stroke screens. Poor recognition of nontraditional symptoms due to lack of stroke screening tools may delay treatment and worsen patient outcomes. Research is required to identify variables and develop a stroke screening tool that is sensitive and specific to nontraditional stroke symptoms in women.