cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Asymptomatic Choristomatous Cysts of the Orbit: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

Background: Epithelial choristomatous cysts are common orbital lesions, the most frequent of which are dermoid or epidermoid tumors. Massive enlargement or extraorbital extension of these benign lesions may occur. Malignant transformation of the epithelial lining of epidermoid cysts is rarely reported. Methods: Two patients are presented in whom the epithelial lining of a previously asymptomatic choristomatous cyst of the orbit underwent malignant transformation to produce invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The unusual origin and clinical presentation of the lesions caused a delay in the diagnosis and therapy in both patients. Metastatic workup was negative in both patients, who underwent resection of their tumors via orbital exenteration with craniofacial resection. Reported cases of malignant transformation in analogous choristomatous cysts elsewhere in the cranium are reviewed. Results: One patient is alive and well without recurrent disease 40 months postoperatively. The second patient died of a pulmonary embolus 2 months postoperatively. Autopsy showed no residual tumor. Overall, only 3 of 18 reported patients with epidermoid choristoma of the head and orbit with malignant transformation were alive when reported. Conclusions: Malignant squamous metaplasia is believed to be a rare complication of orbital dermoid or epidermoid cysts, with only two previously reported cases. However, malignant transformation is relatively frequent in analogous epidermoid cysts found elsewhere in the cranial vault, especially after incomplete excision. These reports encourage the complete removal of epithelial choristomas of the orbit.
Effect of inhibitors of N‐linked oligosaccharide processing on the cell surface expression of a melanoma integrin

The role of trimming and processing of N-linked oligosaccharides on the cell surface expression of the melanoma vitronectin receptor, a member of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors, was examined by using specific glucosidase and mannosidase inhibitors. Inhibition of glucosidases I and II by castanospermine or N-methylde-oxynojirimycin delayed the vitronectin receptor α/β chain heterodimer assembly and α chain cleavage and resulted in a decrease in the level of expression cell surface receptor. Conversely, the vitronectin receptor synthesized in the presence of the mannosidase I and II inhibitors, 1-deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine, was transported normally to the cell surface with its α chain N-linked oligosaccharides in an endoglycosidase H–sensitive from. In the presence of swainsonine, time course studies of the cell surface replacement of control, endoglycosidase H–resitant receptor with an endoglycosidase H–sensitive form demonstrated a vitronectin receptor half-life of approximately 15–16 h. These studies provide evidence that the rates of assembly, proteolytic cleavage, and cell surface expression of the melanoma vitronectin receptor are dependent on the initial trimming of glucosyl residues from the α chain N-linked oligosaccharides.
Retrainers as Labor Market Brokers: Constructing Networks and Narratives in the Detroit Area

For nearly two decades retraining has been touted as a means of responding to economic change. The rationale, derived from human capital theory, is that retrainers will pass on new skills that increase the bargaining power of job seekers. But researchers have not examined the roles that retrainers take when internal labor markets are in decline. Network theorists observe that in such a situation employment programs will need to connect clusters of job seekers to new sets of firms. I argue that this brokering role shapes retraining regimes and outcomes. The article presents a case study of a suburban Detroit program that was cast as a national model. The program became a business service, constructing new employment networks and narratives that reinforced firm leverage. The training itself was modest and many clients only received resocialization. The program's brokering stance reflected conditions favoring firms, its own middle class orientation, and the “frames” it used to establish credibility and leverage with business customers and working class clients. These findings indicate that policy-makers should not assume that retrainers will necessarily match workers with good jobs or even good training. What retrainers do, and with what consequences, depends on the social and cultural roles they construct in particular economic and institutional circumstances.
Role of aromatics and paraffinic hydrocarbons on synthetic jet fuels properties

With sponsorship from Qatar Science and Technology Park to support Qatar Airways' vision as a world leader in alternative fuels, our research team started work in this field in 2009 as part of a unique academia-industry collaboration model. The undergraduate student researchers are funded by Qatar National Research Fund and play a major role in this project, participating in all its experimental, computational, and theoretical phases. Phase I of this work covers the development of correlations between the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) synthetic jet fuels' building blocks (paraffinic hydrocarbons) and their physical properties (i.e. density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, heat content, etc.). The objective of this phase was to identify optimum fuel characteristics and to meet aviation industry standards (e.g. ASTM D1655 & D7566). In Phase II, the experimental data were analyzed using sophisticated statistical techniques (i.e. Artificial Neural Network) to accurately describe the (non-)linear trends for all ...
The effect of system-level access factors on receipt of reconstruction among Latina and white women with DCIS

Treatment decisions associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), including the decision to undergo breast reconstruction, may be more problematic for Latinas due to access and language issues. To help understand the factors that influence patients’ receipt of reconstruction following mastectomy for DCIS, we conducted a population-based study of English- and Spanish-speaking Latina and non-Latina white women from 35 California counties. The objectives of this study were to identify the role of ethnicity and language in the receipt of reconstruction, the relationship between system-level factors and the receipt of reconstruction, and women’s reasons for not undergoing reconstruction. Women aged 18 and older, who self-identified as Latina or non-Latino white and were diagnosed with DCIS between 2002 and 2005 were selected from eight California Cancer Registry (CCR) regions encompassing 35 counties. Approximately 24 months after diagnosis, they were surveyed about their DCIS treatment decisions. Survey data were merged with CCR records to obtain tumor and treatment data. The survey was successfully completed by 745 women, 239 of whom had a mastectomy and represent the sample included in this study. Whites had a higher completion rate than Latinas (67 and 55%, respectively). Analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling. Mean age was 54 years. A greater proportion of whites had reconstruction (72%) compared to English-speaking Latinas (69%) and Spanish-speaking Latinas (40%). Multivariate analysis showed that women who were aged 65 and older, unemployed, and had a lower ratio of plastic surgeons in their county were less likely to have reconstructive surgery after mastectomy. The most frequent reasons mentioned not to receive reconstruction included lack of importance and desire to avoid additional surgery. Although ethnic/language differences in treatment selection were observed, multivariable analysis suggests that these differences could be explained by differential employment levels and geographic availability of plastic surgeons.
Optogenetic sensors and effectors: CHROMus-the Cornell Heart Lung Blood Institute Resource for Optogenetic Mouse Signaling.

Significant progress has been made in the last decade in the development of optogenetic effectors and sensors that can be deployed to understand complex biological signaling in mammals at a molecular level, without disrupting the distributed, lineage specific signaling circuits that comprise nuanced physiological responses. A major barrier to the widespread exploitation of these imaging tools, however, is the lack of readily available genetic reagents that can be easily combined to probe complex biological processes. Ideally, one could envision purpose –produced mouse lines expressing optically compatible sensors and effectors, sensor pairs in distinct lineages, or sensor pairs in discrete subcellular compartments, such that they could be crossed to enable in vivo imaging studies of unprecedented scientific power. Such lines could also be combined with mice to determine the alteration in signaling accompanying targeted gene deletion or addition. In order to address this lack, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute has recently funded an optogenetic resource designed to create optically compatible, combinatorial mouse lines that will advance NHLBI research. Here we review recent advances in optogenetic sensor and effectors and describe the rationale and goals for the establishment of the Cornell/National Heart Lung Blood Resource for Optogenetic Mice (CHROMus).
Dielectric and Structural Investigations of the System BaTiO3‐BaHfO3

Dielectric measurements and X-ray diffraction studies were made in the system BaTiO3-BaHfO3 for polycrystalline specimens containing from 0 to 30 mole % BaHfO3. The maximum in the dielectric constant for each composition in creased as the BaHfO3 concentration was in creased to 16 mole % and then decreased with further BaHfO3 additions. Room-temperature lattice constants and hysteresis loops were meas ured for all compositions. A partial solid-state phase diagram is suggested for the solid solution area of the system. The phase diagram and the dielectric behavior of the system up to 16 mole % BaHfO3 are explained on the basis of Devonshire's thermodynamic theory. The ferroelectric-paraelectric transition in the composition containing 16 mole % BaHfO3 was essentially of second order and occurred between a ferroelectric rhombohedral phase and a paraelectric cubic phase.
Iran and Iraq as rational crisis actors: Dangers and dynamics of survivable Nuclear War

(2000). Iran and Iraq as rational crisis actors: Dangers and dynamics of survivable Nuclear War. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 23, Preventing the Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction, pp. 52-73.
Ethical and professional issues in pain technology: a challenge to supportive care

Pain management, a primary focus of oncology care, is undergoing a technological boom. This paper provides an overview of the ethical and professional issues facing health care providers in the use of pain technology. Ethical issues including the concepts of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are discussed in relation to pain management. The paper concludes with recommendations for clinical practice.
Aging effect on detectability, criticality and urgency under various auditory conditions

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between different components of an auditory warning signal and determine elderly driver’s detection, criticality and urgency perceptions under varied auditory warning conditions. A laboratory study was conducted involving 28 younger and 28 older adults. A pure-tone audiogram was administered for quantification of the participant’s hearing level (in dBHL) prior to the test protocols. Audiogram was conducted in a sound isolated booth. The main experiment investigated the effects of frequency, temporal characteristics, aging, and noise on detectability, caution and perceived urgent levels. Method of adjustment was used by the subjects to adjust the sound pressure level (dBA) till they detected, or felt caution or urgent. Overall, the results indicated that elderly had higher sound pressure threshold than younger individuals in all the sessions (i.e., detectability, caution and urgency). Elderly were found to have higher hearing thresholds especially at 4000 Hz. Higher frequencies were also seen to require less sound pressure thresholds to convey feeling of caution and urgency. Sound pressure threshold to convey the feeling of urgency was the lowest for 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz with 1000 Hz requiring the highest threshold intensity. In conclusion, current study findings suggest frequency, temporal and spectral components to influence a person’s criterion. We would recommend the use of complex tones (multi-components) having high frequency around 2000 Hz for detection, warning and urgent conditions.
CELL HYBRIDISATION IN THE GENESIS OF ECTOPIC HORMONE-SECRETING TUMOURS

Abstract While it is conceded that certain ectopic hormone-secreting tumours are derived from neurectodermal cells including the APUD cells of Pearse, others may be composed of hybrid cells. These hybrid tumours arise by fusion of malignant non-neurectodermal cells with normal neurectodermal cells, thus resulting in a mixed hormone-secreting phenotype. This hypothesis obviates the necessity for random derepression of genomes in these neoplasms.
SU‐FF‐T‐447: Utility of Film Dosimetry for Assessing TomoTherapy Treatments of Superficial PTVs

Purpose: To assess the utility of film dosimetry in a cylindrical polystyrene phantom for evaluating the accuracy of dose calculated by the TomoTherapy HI⋅ART treatment planning system for superficial planning target volumes (PTVs). Method and Materials: A TomoTherapy treatment plan was developed for a superficial PTV (1‐cm deep radially by 90° azimuthally by 4.2‐cm longitudinally) contoured on a 27‐cm diameter by 37.4‐cm long cylindrical white opaque polystyrene phantom. The phantom included two removable planar film cassettes, one perpendicular to and one including the cylinder's axis. Kodak EDR2 film was cut using templates, resulting in film edges coinciding with the phantom surface (±0.25‐mm). The axial film was irradiated according to the TomoTherapy plan then the phantom was translated longitudinally and the sagittal film irradiated. The films were scanned with a Vidar film digitizer, converted to dose, and the common depth‐dose curves compared. Measured axial and sagittal dose distributions were compared with those calculated. Results: The common depth‐dose of the axial and sagittal films agreed well, although the axial film had a lower relative dose by 2.5%. Comparisons of measured and calculated dose on the axial film showed agreements to within 5% at depths greater than 3‐mm. At shallower depths, doses showed larger differences but distance‐to‐agreement values were small (<2mm). These differences could be due to planned to delivered dose alignment techniques and/or the film cutting process, which is under investigation. Conclusion: Orthogonal films irradiated in a cylindrical polystyrene phantom produced common depth‐dose curves that agreed well. Future comparisons with thermoluminescent dosimetry should confirm the utility of EDR2 film for a comprehensive study of the accuracy of the TomoTherapy treatment planning system for planning treatments of superficial PTVs normally treated with electrons. Supported in part by a research agreement with TomoTherapy, Inc.
Education in Business Etiquette: Attitudes of Marketing Professionals

Abstract Survey information from marketing professionals was used to evaluate perceptions regarding business etiquette skills in the business world. Results indicate that etiquette is indeed important in numerous situations, and in a variety of ways. Education in business etiquette is essential, and most marketing professionals believe that etiquette should be included as part of a business school's curriculum.
Magnetic nanoparticles for MR imaging: agents, techniques and cardiovascular applications

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are playing an increasingly important role in cardiovascular molecular imaging. These agents are superparamagnetic and consist of a central core of iron-oxide surrounded by a carbohydrate or polymer coat. The size, physical properties and pharmacokinetics of MNP make them highly suited to cellular and molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque and myocardial injury. MNP have a sensitivity in the nanomolar range and can be detected with T1, T2, T2*, off resonance and steady state free precession sequences. Targeted imaging with MNP is being actively explored and can be achieved through either surface modification or through the attachment of an affinity ligand to the nanoparticle. First generation MNP are already in clinical use and second generation agents, with longer blood half lives, are likely to be approved for routine clinical use in the near future.
The proximally based peroneal vascular bundle: An insulated extension cord for free flap reconstruction

Large, traumatic wounds around the proximal third of the lower extremity may have disrupted local vasculature, potentially obviating local pedicled options. However, free-tissue transfer to this area is technically challenging given the resulting paucity of recipient options and the depth of principal blood vessels. We present an anatomic and radiographic study of the proximally based peroneal vascular bundle as a recipient option in the proximal leg. Optimal approach was prone, through an incision over the fibula with dissection between lateral and posterior compartments. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated consistent vascular anatomy between patients. A proximally based peroneal vascular bundle protected by a cuff of flexor hallucis longus was used as a recipient vessel in free flap reconstruction of an open knee wound. The bundle itself does not require coverage by virtue of its own local muscle cuff. Caveats for its use include the need for adequate leg inflow and foot outflow.
Genes encoding human serum amyloid A proteins SAA1 and SAA2 are located 18 kb apart in opposite transcriptional orientations

Abstract The three expressed genes of the human serum amyloid A gene family (SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4) have been isolated in four contiguous clones selected from a chromosome 11 cosmid library. Analysis of these clones revealed that SAA1 and SAA2 are located 18 kb apart in opposite transcriptional orientations, while SAA4 lies 11 kb downstream from SAA2 in the same orientation: 3′(SAA1)5′-18 kb-5′(SAA2)3′-11 kb-5′(SAA4)3′. A fifth SAA clone isolated from this library was noncontiguous with the other four and contained the SAA3 pseudogene.
Decreased Alcohol Consumption Among Former Male Users of Finasteride with Persistent Sexual Side Effects: A Preliminary Report

Background: There is a robust literature in rodents, but not in humans, on the interaction between finasteride and alcohol, particularly as it relates to neurosteroids. Finasteride has been shown to reduce alcohol intake and suppress alcohol preference in male mice. This study examines the role of finasteride in alcohol consumption in humans with male pattern hair loss. Methods: The subjects were 83 otherwise healthy men who developed persistent sexual side effects associated with finasteride, despite the cessation of this medication for at least 3 months. Information from standardized interviews was collected regarding medical histories, sexual function, and alcohol consumption before and after finasteride use. Results: Of the 63 men who consumed at least 1 alcoholic beverage/wk prior to starting finasteride, 41 (65%) noted a decrease in their alcohol consumption after stopping finasteride. This reduction typically began before discontinuing finasteride. Twenty men (32%) reported no change in their alcohol consumption, and 2 men (3%) reported an increase in their alcohol consumption. For the 63 consumers of alcohol, the mean number (SE) of alcoholic beverages/wk declined from 5.2 0.7 before finasteride to 2.0 0.3 after finasteride (p < 0.0001). A major study limitation is the lack of a comparison group. Conclusions: In former male users of finasteride who developed persistent sexual side effects, 65% noticed a decline in their alcohol consumption as compared to baseline. This finding is consistent with finasteride’s ability to modulate alcohol intake in rodents. Further research is needed on the central ner
Tracking translocation of industrially relevant engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) across alveolar epithelial monolayers in vitro.

AbstractRelatively little is known about the fate of industrially relevant engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the lungs that can be used to convert administered doses to delivered doses. Inhalation exposure and subsequent translocation of ENMs across the epithelial lining layer of the lung might contribute to clearance, toxic effects or both. To allow precise quantitation of translocation across lung epithelial cells, we developed a method for tracking industrially relevant metal oxide ENMs in vitro using neutron activation. The versatility and sensitivity of the proposed in vitro epithelial translocation (INVET) system was demonstrated using a variety of industry relevant ENMs including CeO2 of various primary particle diameter, ZnO, and SiO2-coated CeO2 and ZnO particles. ENMs were neutron activated, forming gamma emitting isotopes 141Ce and 65Zn, respectively. Calu-3 lung epithelial cells cultured to confluency on transwell inserts were exposed to neutron-activated ENM dispersions at sub-lethal doses t...
Systems Biology as a Research Program for Intelligent Design

Opponents of the intelligent design (ID) approach to biology have sometimes argued that the ID perspective discourages scientific investigation. To the contrary, it can be argued that the most productive new paradigm in systems biology is actually much more compatible with a belief in the intelligent design of life than with a belief in neo-Darwinian evolution. This new paradigm in system biology, which has arisen in the past ten years or so, analyzes living systems in terms of systems engineering concepts such as design, information processing, optimization, and other explicitly teleological concepts. This new paradigm offers a successful, quantitative, predictive theory for biology. Although the main practitioners of the field attribute the presence of such things to the outworking of natural selection, they cannot avoid using design language and design concepts in their research, and a straightforward look at the field indicates it is really a design approach altogether.
Functional spaces in Lyapunov's direct method for a class of partial differential equations

Quadratic Lyapunov functionals taken on the Hilbert space for the telegrapher's equation do not exhibit the effect of neutron-wave propagation, whereas functionals taken on the product space do exhibit the effect of neutron waves.
Visualization of aligned genomic open reading frame data

Students can better appreciate the value of genomic data if they are asked to use the data themselves. However, in general the enormous volume of data involved makes detailed examination difficult. Here we present a web site that allows students to study one particular aspect of sequenced genomes. They are able to align the open reading frames (ORFs) of any available genome that is of reasonable size. The ORFs may be aligned using either the start codon or the stop codon as the starting points. Results will readily show the presence of common ribosome binding sites as well as reveal interesting order within the ORFs that is nonexistent outside of them. Students will be able to ask various questions involving comparisons of genomes and see the results presented in both a tabular and graphic format. An example problem is presented under “Results.”
NMR study of the exchange rates of allosterically responsive labile protons in the heme pockets of hemoglobin A.

1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to measure the proximal histidyl labile ring proton (NH) rates of exchange with bulk solvent in the individual subunits of hemoglobin (Hb) A. These protons displayed a substantial decrease in their exchange rates in comparison with related monomeric proteins and exhibited sensitivity to the quarternary state. With the beta subunit NH, the exchange behaviour was similar to an allosterically responsive subset of protons, which have been identified using 1H-3H methods (Englander, J.J., R. Rogero, and S. W. Englander, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 169:325–344). Assuming similar exchange mechanisms for the two subunits, the NMR data suggested a more flexible alpha than beta subunit in Hb A.
Poly[diaqua(μ 4 -3-fluorophthalato-κ 4 O:O:O':O'')cadmium(II)]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cd(C8H3FO4)(H2O)2]n, consists of polymeric sheets formed by the bridging of octa­hedrally coordinated CdII by carboxyl­ate O atoms of the 3-fluoro­phthalate (3-fpt2−) ligand. The layers exhibit hydrogen bonding between each of two coordinated water mol­ecules and two O atoms of the ligand. Adjacent sheets are connected through π–π inter­actions.
Building Dialysis Workflows into EMRs

Abstract Hemodialysis is an expensive life extending procedure used world-wide. Hemodialysis centers typically require multiple caregivers—e.g., nephrologists, nurses, technicians and social workers-- who assist each patient multiple times per week. These caregivers follow precise clinical processes that we refer to as a collection of clinical workflows. When combined, these workflows collectively provide comprehensive hemodialysis services. We show how these clinical workflows can be directly enforced using an electronic medical record system. Our proposed system has been used to model the workflows of a functional dialysis center and implemented using open-source software for the EMR components and workflow management system.
Resistive Alfvén normal modes in a non-uniform plasma

Resistive normal mode solutions of the MHD equations are found numerically in a smooth, nonuniform, magnetic field. The (alpha, S) boundary within which normal mode solutions exist is explicitly computed, where alpha is the normalized wavenumber and S the Lundquist number. As an extension of previous analytic results of Mok and Einaudi (1985), the damping rate of these modes is computed to a higher accuracy, and is found to have an a + bS exp -1/3 dependence, where a and b are independent of S.
The Impact of Colonialism on Indigenous African Military Institutions: The Case of the Jo-Ugenya to C. 1914

Abstract This article focuses on the impact of colonialism on indigenous African military institutions by examining the case of Ugenya, a sub-group of the Luo of western Kenya. It adds to the body of historical literature on the conquest of Kenya, delving into changes that the British introduced in Ugenya to dismantle the Ugenya military from the 1890s to 1914. Its main contention is that when the European colonial powers invaded Africa, they did not just use force and violence to subjugate Africans, they also introduced policies whose sole aim was to emasculate future African military capacity to wage war against colonial aggression: colonial policies gradually neutralized the African military and reduced the capacity of indigenous populations to resist colonial domination.
Broadband Microstrip Antennas on Electrically Thick Substrates

Two configurations of broadband microstrip antennas are proposed and analyzed numerically by the full-wave spectral-domain method. One is a square Archimedean spiral microstrip antenna which yields circular polarization; the second configuration is a log-periodic patch microstrip antenna, which radiates linearly. In this paper, the definition of bandwidth of an antenna is redefined and is based on both VSWR and radiation pattern behavior. A 25% bandwidth for a square Archimedean spiral microstrip antenna and a 2:1 bandwidth for a log-periodic patch microstrip antenna are achieved using electrically thick (1/8λ to 1/4λ) substrates.
Eocene continental climates and latitudinal temperature gradients

Global climate during the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic is thought to have been warmer than at present, but there is debate about winter temperatures. Paleontological data indicate mild temperatures even at high latitudes and in mid-latitude continental interiors, whereas computer simulations of continental paleoclimates produce winter temperatures closer to modern levels. Foliar physiognomy and floristic composition of 23 Eocene floras from the interior of North America and Australia indicate cold month means generally >2 °C, even where the mean annual temperature (MAT) was
A Study of the Quality of Sea Water Temperatures Reported in Logs of Ships' Weather Observations

Abstract The differences between sea water temperature reported in the Log of Ship's Weather Observations and specially observed sea surface temperature were studied for 6826 pairs of observations taken in the Pacific Ocean from 3 Military Sea Transport Service ships and 9 U.S. Navy Radar Picket ships during 92 different trips. For each trip the mean difference (trip bias), using the surface temperature observations for the reference, and the standard deviation of the differences were computed. These results were combined to give similar measures for each ship (ship bias and standard deviation) and estimates of these measures for a large number of ships (fleet). Reported sea water (injection) temperature observations vary considerably in quality. The fleet bias, or mean difference, of injection temperature observations as compared to surface temperature observations is estimated to be 1.2±0.6F and the standard deviation of differences to he 1.6F. Among the 12 ships, the ship bias, or mean of all differenc...
Kinetics of oxidation of pentavalent neptunium by pentavalent vanadium in solutions of nitric acid

Management of the oxidation state of neptunium in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel by solvent extraction is very important. The kinetics of the oxidation of neptunium(V) by vanadium(V) in solutions of nitrate acid was investigated at constant ionic strength 4M. The reaction rate is first order with respect to Np(V) and V(V). The effects of proton concentration on the apparent second order rate constant k1" was determined for temperature 25°C as k1" = (0.99±0.03)[H+]1.21M−1s−1. Activation parameters associated with the overall reaction have been calculated; the standard reaction enthalpy and entropy were 52.6±0.9 kJ/mol and -55.8±0.9 J/K/mol respectively.
Optical propagation through turbulent air

Abstract Turbulent air causes optical rays to deviate from otherwise straight paths by irregular slight undulations, and it also changes the phase velocities irregularly. These fluctuations cause a host of unpleasant degradations to communications signals. This survey circumvents the Scylla of propagation theory and Charybdis of meteorological input by introducing simple physical concepts to explain the underlying interaction of random fluctuations of the refractive index typical of turbulence with basic electromagnetic waves.
The expected changes in the frequency of alleles affecting the sex ratio

Abstract An equation is derived giving the changes per generation in the frequency of alleles affecting the sex ratio. The alleles considered are assumed to be those of an autosomal locus and to act only in one sex. The results indicate that alleles determining the production of more males should always be more common in males than in females.
Rapid Reuse of Readily Releasable Pool Vesicles at Hippocampal Synapses

Functional presynaptic vesicles have been subdivided into readily releasable (RRP) and reserve (RP) pools. We studied recycling properties of RRP vesicles through differential retention of FM1-43 and FM2-10 and by varying the time window for FM dye uptake. Both approaches indicated that vesicles residing in the RRP underwent rapid endocytosis (tau approximately 1s), whereas newly recruited RP vesicles were recycled slowly (tau approximately 30 s). With repeated challenges (hypertonic or electrical stimuli), the ability to release neurotransmitter recovered 10-fold more rapidly than restoration of FM2-10 destaining. Finding neurotransmission in the absence of destaining implied that rapidly endocytosed RRP vesicles were capable of reuse, a process distinct from repopulation from the RP. Reuse would greatly expand the functional capabilities of a limited number of vesicles in CNS terminals, particularly during intermittent bursts of activity.
Towards intellectual globalization: A theoretical exploration and its implications for research

Abstract Globalization is a complex process which changes as well as has the potential to change the various events in the world at multiple levels. It is widely recognized that there are multiple facets of globalization including political, economic and cultural. In this paper, I advance the concept of intellectual globalization—a process of knowledge creation, transformation, and diffusion that goes beyond the immediate theoretical confines of knowledge management. The roots and functioning of this process are examined at the level of the nation, organization, and the individual. Implications for future research on the relationship of this aspect of globalization with various cultures of the world are discussed.
Bias stress‐induced instabilities in amorphous silicon nitride/hydrogenated amorphous silicon structures: Is the ‘‘carrier‐induced defect creation’’ model correct?

The effects of positive and negative bias stress on hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐SiNx:H/a‐Si:H) structures are investigated as a function of stress time, and stress temperature. It is shown that bias stress induces a parallel shift of the capacitance voltage (C‐V) characteristics. The direction of the C‐V shift depends on the sign of the applied stress voltage, while the magnitude of the C‐V shift depends on stress time and temperature in a manner which is identical to that observed in a‐Si:H thin‐film transistors. In addition, it is shown that positive bias stress increases the number of localized states in the a‐Si:H mobility gap, but negative bias stress does not. However, the observed increase cannot account for the corresponding C‐V shift. These results lead us to conclude that the C‐V shift is not induced by dangling bond defects in a‐Si:H but rather by carrier trapping in the insulator.
G-line image reversal: capabilities on a 0.54-N.A. stepper

During the last several years image reversal has been demonstrated to be an effective technique for extending theresolution ofoptical steppers while maintaining therelative simplicity of single layerresist processing13. In order to satisfy the increasing requirements for smaller device geometries very high numerical aperture g-line steppers have lately become available. A new image reversal resist (Raypo) designed specifically for g-line use has recently been developed by Hoechst corporation4. This paper discusses the process optimization andlithographic performance ofthis resist on a 0.54 N.A. stepper, one ofthe highest numerical aperture g-line steppers currently available. The process variables investigated include prebake temperature, post exposure bake temperature, flood exposure time, and develop conditions. The responses studied include resolution capability, profile quality, dose requirements, exposure latitude, focus latitude, and performance on reflective topography. The thermal stability of the resist is also discussed. Some results are compared with those for a new advancedpositive g-line resist (AZ 6212) developed by Hoechst corporation.
Older adolescents' differential expectations of infants' development.

A 56-item questionnaire concerning infants' development was administered to 239 older adolescents (119 males, 120 females) to determine their understanding of the emergence of motor, cognitive, language, and personal-social behaviors. Analyses of variance indicated that subjects deviated significantly farther from the normative score on their expectations for cognitive and personal behaviors than on motor or language behaviors. Infants' perceived sex did not contribute to any over-all significant differences in their ratings.
The ATLAS Positive-Ion Injector project

The goal of the Argonne Positive Ion Injector project is to replace the ATLAS tandem injector with a facility which will increase the beam currents presently available by a factor of 100 and to make beams of essentially all elements including uranium available at ATLAS. The beam quality expected from the facility will be at least as good as that of the tandem based ATLAS. The project combines two relatively new technologies — the electron cyclotron resonance ion source, which provides ions of high charge states at microampere currents, and rf superconductivity which has been shown to be capable of generating accelerating fields as high as 10 MV/m resulting in an essentially new method of acceleration for low-energy heavy ions.
Erratum to: Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Craniofacial Bones: β-Catenin Immunohistochemical Analysis and CTNNB1 and APC Mutation Analysis

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the formation of craniofacial skeleton and oral tissues. Aberrant nuclear localization of β-catenin protein has been described in several human diseases including a subset of odontogenic tumors thereby suggesting an important role in tumor development. Fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial skeleton comprise several neoplastic, and reactive mesenchymal proliferations in which β-catenin status is unknown. To study this, we immunostained 171 fibro-osseous lesions for β-catenin protein and, for lesions with nuclear positivity, sequenced exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene and exon 15 of the APC gene. Nuclear β-catenin immunostaining was detected in 34 (20 %) tumors with no correlation between nuclear positivity and either age, gender, or tissue decalcification status (p = 0.2, 0.17, 0.12, respectively). Absent nuclear β-catenin in fibrous dysplasia was the only diagnostically significant finding (p = 0.0034). A single point mutation at Asp56 of CTNNB1 was identified in one case of ossifying fibroma. A second ossifying fibroma and one desmoplastic fibroma demonstrated point mutations (Glu1229 and Tyr1475, respectively) in the APC gene. These findings show that apart from fibrous dysplasia where nuclear β-catenin is rare, nuclear β-catenin staining has limited utility in discriminating among the craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions. The molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear β-catenin accumulation in the positive tumors is unlikely to be mediated by CTNNB1 exon 3 or APC exon 15 mutations in most cases.
Phthalate ester plasticizers, DDT, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls in biota from the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The levels of phthalate ester plasticizers, DDT, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the tissues of 18 species of marine organisms from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Low levels of the most widely used phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, were found in the majority of the samples; no other phthalates were detected. DDT, DDE and PCBs were found in all samples, but at somewhat lower levels than those found in our 1971 survey. A decrease in p , p ′-DDT/ p , p ′-DDE ratios relative to 1971 was also noted.
Effects of Historical and Modern Mining on Mercury Deposition in Southeastern Peru

Both modern anthropogenic emissions of mercury (Hg), primarily from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), and preindustrial anthropogenic emissions from mining are thought to have a large i...
Acetaminophen effects on behavioral thermoregulation in albino rats.

Szntnpnary.-Acetaminophen (N-Aceryl-p-aminophenol) was administered intraperitoneally to I5 Sprague-Dawley rats partitioned into 3 studies (5 rats per study) using a wichin-subjects, repeated-measures reversal design. Behavioral thermoregulation was assessed in a cold Skinner Box using 5-sec. exposures of microwave radiation [Specific Absorption Rate = 0.34 Watts/kg/(mW/cmZ)I as reinforcing srimuli under a fixed-interval 2-min. schedule of positive reinforcement. Doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mgAg (in solutions of I%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) acetaminophen showed stable rates of operant responding for heat compared with significanr chdnges in rates for comparable doses of aspirin in a 1993 study by Vituh, et al. \Y'cI~I>I reductions and temperature increases varied significantly with before-session anJ alrer-session measures, respectively. 1994-95 biochemical data of Murphy, el 01. from humans following aspirin or acetaminophen ingestion which affect rhermoregulation and sleep patterns are discussed in conjunction with behavioral data from rats. Acetaminophen [a frequently prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
Semiparametric estimation of tag loss and reporting rates for tag-recovery experiments using exact time-at-liberty data.

Nous presentons une methode basee sur une vraisemblance semiparametrique pour estimer les taux de retour et les taux de perte de marques dans les etudes de capture-marquage-recapture. Ces etudes sont typiquement utilisees pour estimer des parametres demographiques critiques. Le taux de perte de marques est estime a partir d'animaux doublement marques, et le taux de retour des marques est estime grâce a des marques "a forte recompense." Une fonction de vraisemblance est construite a partir de la distribution conditionnelle du type de marque (a faible ou forte recompense, simple ou double) sachant que la marque a ete renvoyee. Ceci suppose d'estimer de nombreuses tables de contingence 5x1 de retours de marques. Choisir la bonne forme de fonction pour le taux de perte de marques est difficile avec ce type de donnees. Nous modelisons le taux de perte de marques par un lissage par des splines monotones, et ces estimations non parametriques sont utilisees pour diagnostiquer la forme parametrique du taux de perte de marque. La methode non parametrique peut aussi etre utilisee directement pour modeliser le taux de perte de marque.
Peripheral perfusion index measured using magnetohydrodynamic voltages in 3T MRI

Background The Peripheral Perfusion Index (PFI) has been utilized for early detection of impaired organ perfusion in order to avoid tissue hypoxia, which could lead to organ failure [1]. A decrease in effective circulating blood volume, lowering of PFI levels, can cause vasoconstriction [2]. Strong MRI magnetic field (B0) interactions with flowing blood plasma electrolytes produce a Magnetohydrodynamic voltage (VMHD) [3]. We hypothesized that a processing method which derives VMHD at different segments of the body could provide a direct indicator for PFI as well as local perfusion levels in various body regions. Existing methods for PFI estimation include Pulse Oximetry (PO) and differential temperature recordings, both of which are indirect measurements [4].
Logistics innovation: a literature‐based conceptual framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of logistics innovation based on previous studies in the logistics literature and recommend opportunities for further research.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the following logistics journals is conducted: International Journal of Logistics Management, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Journal of Business Logistics, Transportation Journal, and Transportation Research: Part E. Articles for the review are selected based on their explicit relevance to logistics innovation.Findings – There has been a limited amount of theory‐based research conducted on the topic of logistics innovation. While antecedents and outcomes of logistics innovation have been identified within the leading logistics journals, very little empirical testing has been done. The diffusion of logistics innovations has also received attention in the logistics literature.Research limitations/implications – The scope of this paper is limited...
Light scattering studies of hi‐impact polystyrene

Small-angle light scattering techniques have been used to evaluate the factors controlling the transparency of two hi-impact polystyrene films. These factors were found to include surface smoothness, volume fraction of the phases in the system, the difference of the refractive indices of the phases, and the sizes of the phases. The elongation of the rubber phase during processing was also determined.
Using Body Mass Index Data in the Electronic Health Record to Calculate Cardiovascular Risk

Background Multivariable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators, such as the Framingham risk equations, can be used to identify populations most likely to benefit from treatments to decrease risk. Purpose To determine the proportion of adults within an electronic health record (EHR) for whom Framingham CVD risk scores could be calculated using cholesterol (lab-based) and/or BMI (BMI-based) formulae. Methods EHR data were used to identify patients aged 30–74 years with no CVD and at least 2 years continuous enrollment before April 1, 2010, and relevant data from the preceding 5-year time frame. Analyses were conducted between 2010 and 2011 to determine the proportion of patients with a lab- or BMI-based risk score, the data missing, and the concordance between scores. Results Of 122,270 eligible patients, 59.7% ( n =73,023) had sufficient data to calculate the lab-based risk score and 84.1% (102,795) the BMI-based risk score. Risk categories were concordant in 78.2% of patients. When risk categories differed, BMI-based risk was almost always in a higher category, with 20.3% having a higher and 1.4% a lower BMI- than lab-based risk score. Concordance between lab- and BMI-based risk was greatest among those at lower estimated risk, including people who were younger, female, without diabetes, not obese, and those not on blood pressure– or lipid-lowering medications. Conclusions EHR data can be used to classify CVD risk for most adults aged 30–74 years. In the population for the current study, CVD risk scores based on BMI could be used to identify those at low risk for CVD and potentially reduce unnecessary laboratory cholesterol testing. Trial registration This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT01077388.
Functional Architecture of the outer Arm dynein conformational switch

Dynein light chain 1 (LC1/DNAL1) is one of the most highly conserved components of ciliary axonemal outer arm dyneins, and it associates with both a heavy chain motor unit and tubulin located within the A-tubule of the axonemal outer doublet microtubules. In a variety of model systems, lack of LC1 or expression of mutant forms leads to profound defects in ciliary motility, including the failure of the hydrodynamic coupling needed for ciliary metachronal synchrony, random stalling during the power/recovery stroke transition, an aberrant response to imposed viscous load, and in some cases partial failure of motor assembly. These phenotypes have led to the proposal that LC1 acts as part of a mechanical switch to control motor function in response to alterations in axonemal curvature. Here we have used NMR chemical shift mapping to define the regions perturbed by a series of mutations in the C-terminal domain that yield a range of phenotypic effects on motility. In addition, we have identified the subdomain of LC1 involved in binding microtubules and characterized the consequences of an Asn → Ser alteration within the terminal leucine-rich repeat that in humans causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Together, these data define a series of functional subdomains within LC1 and allow us to propose a structural model for the organization of the dynein heavy chain-LC1-microtubule ternary complex that is required for the coordinated activity of dynein motors in cilia.