cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some statistical methods for the assessment of multiple outcome criteria in behavioral research

The advantages of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Discriminant Analysis for data analysis in behavioral research are discussed. For research in which multiple outcome measures are employed, multivariate techniques provide for more conservative and more precise estimates of treatment effects. The most important advantage is that these methods consider correlations between the outcome measures. Recommendations are offered for the use of these techniques. The meanings of some multivariate statistics are also discussed.
Independence of brachymesophalangia‐5 from brachymesophalangia‐5 with cone mid‐5

Analysis of hand radiographs of juvenile siblings of juvenile propositi indicates that brachymesophalangia-5 alone (without cones) is separately inherited without apparent sex bias while brachymesophalangia-5 with the cone-epiphysis of mid-5 and the cone-epiphysis of mid-5 alone are both apparently inherited as a complex and with a marked excess of females over males.
The indefensibility of insider trading

The article, “Inside Trading Revisited,” has taken the stance that insider trading is neither unethical nor economically inefficient. Attacking my arguments to the contrary developed in an earlier article, ‘The Ethics of Inside Trading’ (Journal of Business Ethics, 1989) this article constructs careful arguments and even appeals to Adam Smith to justify its conclusions. In my response to this article I shall clarify my position as well as that of Smith to support my counter-contention that insider trading is both unethical and inefficient.
Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Patient Selection for Conservative Management.

s election of the appropriate treatment for patients has long been one of the cornerstones of the art of medicine. Such a process requires not only the accumulation of large amounts of data on the risk factors for treatment success or failure, but also in practice a fair amount of agreement among different physicians, at least about the broader outlines of selection policy, if not always about details concerning breast cancer. In the early 198Os, widely divergent opinions from the surgeon and the radiation oncologist were common, leaving the patient confused and angry, often forced to make a choice of both physician and treatment. However, by the latter part of the decade (and in some states mandated by law), frequently the patient was counseled that mastectomy and breast-conservation therapy were equally effective treatments for early-stage breast cancer. Finally, the consensus statement from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference ofJune 1990 indicates that we are entering an era in which most specialists agree that, for women with stage I and II disease,
Filtros opcionales en pacientes traumatizados: ¿puede mejorarse la tasa de extracción?

La interrupcion preventiva de la vena cava inferior puede ser adecuada en pacientes traumatizados con riesgo de embolia pulmonar en los que esta contraindicada la anticoagulacion. El filtro Recovery esta autorizado para retirarse hasta 180 dias despues de su implantacion. Sin embargo, deben lograrse tasas de extraccion elevadas antes de poder generalizar su utilizacion. El objetivo de este estudio consistio en evaluar las tasas de extraccion del filtro Recovery en esta poblacion de pacientes y la forma en que ha influido en nuestra practica. Este es un estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron las historias clinicas de 122 pacientes traumatizados consecutivos en los que se implanto un filtro Recovery entre octubre de 2003 y octubre de 2005 con intencion de su retirada posterior. Los pacientes a los que se implanto la nueva generacion de estos filtros fueron excluidos del estudio. Tras el seguimiento evolutivo a los 3 meses, se revisaron los factores tecnicos asociados a la imposibilidad de su retirada. No se produjeron complicaciones relacionadas con la implantacion del filtro. Excluyendo a 6 pacientes (4,9%) que fallecieron por causas ajenas al procedimiento de colocacion, no se pudo contactar con otros 20 (17,3%) y 21 rechazaron la retirada (18,1%). Los filtros se consideraron permanentes en 18 pacientes (15,5%), por incapacidad para reanudar la deambulacion u oclusion de la vena cava inferior, complicacion identificada en 4 (5,5%) de ellos. Setenta y tres pacientes (62,9%) acudieron al seguimiento y fueron evaluados mediante eco-Doppler. Tratamos de retirar los filtros en 52 pacientes y se logro en 45 (86,5%). Sin embargo, la tasa total de extraccion fue del 40,5%. La imposibilidad de extraer el filtro estuvo relacionada en todos los casos con su inclinacion o acodadura de las patas. No se produjeron complicaciones relacionadas con el procedimiento de retirada. La insercion y la extraccion del filtro Recovery de vena cava inferior son seguras. A pesar del seguimiento exhaustivo y de la viabilidad de su retirada, la tasa global de extraccion en esta poblacion de pacientes sigue siendo baja. Esto debe tenerse muy en cuenta en el momento de la implantacion. Se hallaron numerosos factores que contribuyeron a este hecho. Una seleccion y seguimiento adecuados, asi como ciertas modificaciones tecnicas, pueden mejorar la tasa de extraccion.
Biological control does not imply paradox

Is the classical predator-prey theory inherently pathological? Defenders of the theory are losing ground in the debate. We will demonstrate that detractors' main argument is based on a faulty model, and that the conceptual and predictive bases of the theory are fundamentally sound.
Contribution of bound-electron pair production to the dispersion relation for Delbrück scattering

In photon-atom scattering the customary partitioning of the elastic scattering amplitude into Rayleigh and Delbr\"uck amplitudes (as well as nuclear amplitudes) in the single-electron formalism involves summations over complete sets of intermediate electron states in the atomic potential. This leads to the Rayleigh amplitude which is usually compared with experiment. However, another consequence of the partition is that the total cross section for bound-electron pair-production into all bound states, regardless of occupation, is included in the optical theorem for the imaginary part of the forward Delbr\"uck amplitude. The corresponding real part of the forward Delbr\"uck amplitude can be obtained through the use of a dispersion relation. We show that for $Z=92$ the inclusion of the bound-electron pair-production cross section leads to a contribution to the real part of forward Delbr\"uck amplitude, which can be as much as $\ensuremath{\approx}12%$ of the Born approximation result, for photon energies near the pair-production threshold. This bound-electron pair-production contribution is therefore comparable in magnitude to the corrections due to Coulomb and screening effects in the ordinary pair-production cross section (electron in continuum). The net correction to Born approximation is small well below threshold, significant well above threshold.
Separation of aniline derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Abstract The separation of ten aniline derivatives was investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The pH dependence of their migration behaviour wa
Fractal structure in the scalar lambda ( phi2-1)2 theory.

Head-on collisions of kink and antikink solitons are investigated numerically in the classical one-dimensional {lambda}({phi}{sup 2}{minus}1){sup 2} model. It is shown that whether a kink-antikink interaction settles to a bound state or a two-soliton solution depends fractally'' on the impact velocity. We discuss the results using the framework of perturbation theory which helps to clarify the nature of the fractal structure in terms of resonances with the internal shape mode oscillations. We also review the technique of collective coordinates used to reduce the infinite-dimensional system to one with just two degrees of freedom. Although we do not expect exact agreement by using such a simplification, we show that the reduced system bears a striking qualitative resemblance to the full infinite-dimensional system, reproducing the fractal structure. The maximum Lyapunov exponents are computed for the bound-state oscillations and found to be {similar to}0.3 for both the full and reduced systems, demonstrating the chaotic nature of the bound state.
Challenges in Assessing Outcomes in Graduate and Professional Education.

The authors note the dearth of cross-disciplinary and cross-institutional studies of student learning outcomes in graduate and professional education and discuss some challenges for those involved in outcomes assessment, including managing the risks of identifying outcomes assessment results.
Adjudicating the Salvadoran Civil War: Expectations of the Law in Romagoza

This article analyzes the experiences of Neris Gonzalez, one of the three Salvadoran plaintiffs who brought a successful lawsuit against the former heads of the Salvadoran military for the torture she suffered in 1979. In analyzing the presentation of the case, I focus on the specific transformations that political and historical disputes undergo as they are subsumed into the formal rules of U.S. tort litigation. Further, I pay special attention to the ways legal narratives are designed specifically to appeal to a jury comprising 10 lay U.S. citizens, who have no familiarity with Salvadoran history. I demonstrate how torts litigation requires a depoliticization of the plaintiff and a personalization of history. I argue that, due to the form of the court fails in addressing the historical disputes in question.
Visualization of cardiac bioelectricity-a case study

We describe a project in the field of computational electrocardiology which requires visualization of complex, three-dimensional geometry and electric potential and current fields. Starting from magnetic resonance images from a healthy subject, we constructed a multisurfaced model of the human thorax, which we used as the basis for computational studies relating potential distributions measured from the surface of the heart to potentials and currents throughout the volume of the thorax (a form of the forward problem in electrocardiography). Driven by the lack of adequate visualization software, we developed both interactive and batch-mode graphics programs to view, manipulate, and interactively edit the model geometry and present our results.
The infrared spectrum of gaseous malonaldehyde (3-hydroxy-2-propenal)

Abstract The infrared spectra of gaseous malonaldehyde and four of its deutero isotopes were recorded in the regions 4000-75 and 4000-400 cm−1, respectively. The vibrational fundamental frequencies were assigned in terms of Cs molecular symmetry, primarily on the basis of transferring frequencies for similar modes and force constants from acrolein and other related molecules, plus the Redlich—Teller and reduced Redlich—Teller product rules. This assignment I does not agree well with a priori calculations of the frequencies received from two groups. Assignment II involved some changes in the intermediate frequency range which led to much better agreement with a priori values, but a conclusive choice has not been made.
Magnetic Field Alignment of Ordered Silicate-Surfactant Composites and Mesoporous Silica

Macroscopic orientational ordering of the pores of condensed hexagonal mesostructured silica (MCM-41) was achieved through alignment of an unpolymerized, hexagonal, lyotropic silicate-surfactant liquid crystal in a high magnetic field. This alignment was preserved after polymerization of the silicate species by acid treatment. Subsequent calcination to remove the surfactant yielded a mesoporous silica solid that retained both macroscopic pore alignment and mesoscale periodicity. Potential applications of such liquid crystal processing strategies range from the formation of anisotropic silica-based bulk ceramics to the production of oriented mesoporous thin films for chemical sensors, separations, catalysis, or host-guest applications.
Smart Textiles: A Strategic Perspective of Textile Industry

Comfort is a state of mind affected by many factors, and clothing has contributing to the well being of man, changing in some cases his customs. Since the origin, the primary functions of clothes have been of protection against cold or in general against environmental stimuli. New functions are required to modern textiles: wearing comfort, durability, cleaning properties, optimized functionality for specific applications (workwear, sportswear, medical wear). Smart and interactive textiles represent a budding interdisciplinary field that brings together specialists in information technology, micro systems, materials engineering, and production technology. The focus of this new area is on developing the enabling technologies and fabrication techniques for the economical production of flexible, conformable and large-area textile- based information systems that are expected to have more applications for different end users. The smart and interactive textiles will be highly applied in the next generation of fibres, fabrics and items produced from them. Application of smart textiles can be now found everywhere. The market and the business of wearable, interactive and smart textiles are presently changing the basis of the textile industry. The changes are dynamic knowledge transfer, innovative systems, new employment opportunities in the smart industries and others. Business possibilities are not limited to the textile industry, but they can be found in almost any line of business. The European textile sector is one of the mainstays of the European Manufacturing Industry. The market for smart textiles is one of the most dynamic and fast growing sectors and offers huge potential for companies.
General formulation of the first-order perturbation graph theory

Abstract A generalization of the perturbation graph theory of Herndon and Parkanyi is developed, enabling the calculation of resonance energies of conjugated heterocyclic and inorganic systems possessing any number of π-electrons.
Off-budget activities of local government: Reply

take issue with this conclusion for a number of reasons. First, Professor Blewett is correct in stating that debt financing of capital expenditures may provide a better matching of intertemporal benefits and costs, thereby contributing to greater efficiency. But in the case of OBEs this is not fully applicable, for OBEs issue debt to finance capital and operating expenses, and even commit the 'double sin' of issuing debt to pay off previous debt, as is the case with New York State's Municipal Assistance Corporation. In fact, as pointed out in our article, OBEs are used to evade civil service restrictions and to expand public sector employment and wages. In short, OBEs are a mechanism used to engage in deficit finance, although it is true that they also finance capital projects - projects which, in many instances, have not obtained voter approval. With respect to the issue of accountability and voter control it is, of course, true that the traditional public choice approach holds that 'competing governments' can provide advantages in terms of both consumption and production efficiency. But careful consideration of the particular institutional arrangements of OBEs indicates that they do not fit into this mold. If one views politics as a dynamic process as Professor Blewett (in citing Buchanan) suggests, then it is clear that one should not expect greater accountability from OBEs than from general purpose units of government, for, as discussed in our paper, economic history reveals that they are (and have been) created with precisely the intent to thwart the wishes of voters, not to accommodate them, and to provide politicians and bureaucrats with patronage opportunities which would not otherwise have
A multilevel approach to botulinum toxin type A treatment of the (ilio)psoas in spasticity in cerebral palsy

In spasticity, flexion deformity of the hip is frequently associated with contracture or hyper-reflexia of the psoas muscle. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used for some considerable time in the management of paediatric gait disorders. We have been using a multilevel approach to manage spasticity in cerebral palsy for several years, the combination of gait analysis and clinical evaluation being important for the selection of target muscles for BTX-A injections. Twenty cerebral palsy children (12 female) with spasticity were treated with BTX-A injections (BOTOX® mean dose, 2 U/kg body weight) into the psoas muscle. Patients were monitored using range of motion measurements of maximal hip extension, clinical estimates of hypertonia in the hip flexors, gait analysis (three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics) and surface electromyography of major lower limb muscles. Full gait analysis was carried out on 12 of the patients. Significant clinical improvements were observed following 15 of the 21 psoas treatments. Furthermore, the kinematics results of gait analysis showed improvement in one or more parameters in nine of the 12 patients. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the value of a multilevel approach to BTX-A treatment in the management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.
Regional specificity of benzodiazepine receptor down-regulation during chronic treatment of rats with flurazepam.

Abstract [ 3H ]Flunitrazepam binding was studied in synaptosomal membranes from rat brain following 4 weeks of chronic treatment with 100–150 mg/kg/day flurazepam. At 12 h after the end of treatment, the brain was removed and dissected into 8 areas: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, corpus striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain-thalamus, medulla-pons, and olfactory bulbs. Membranes from each area were extensively ‘washed’, and saturation binding studies performed. Chronic flurazepam treatment caused a reduction in the apparent number of binding sites (B max ) that was confined to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and medulla-pons, with a possible smaller loss in the olfactory bulbs. The binding constant ( K D ) was unchanged in all areas studied.
Mapping transient, randomly occurring neuropsychological events using independent component analysis.

The feasibility of mapping transient, randomly occurring neuropsychological events using independent component analysis (ICA) was evaluated in an auditory sentence-monitoring fMRI experiment, in which prerecorded short sentences of random content were presented in varying temporal patterns. The efficacy of ICA on fMRI data with such temporal characteristics was assessed by a series of simulation studies, as well as by human activation studies. The effects of contrast-to-noise ratio level, spatially varied hemodynamic response within a brain region, time lags of the responses among brain regions, and different simulated activation locations on the ICA were investigated in the simulations. Component maps obtained from the auditory sentence-monitoring experiments in each subject using ICA showed distinct activation in bilateral auditory and language cortices, as well as in superior sensorimotor cortices, consistent with previous PET studies. The associated time courses in the activated brain regions matched well to the timing of the sentence presentation, as evidenced by the recorded button-press response signals. Methods for ICA component ordering that may rank highly the components of primary interest in such experiments were developed. The simulation results characterized the performance of ICA under various conditions and may provide useful information for experimental design and data interpretation.
"Virtue Rather Than Vengeance": Genesis and Shakespeare's The Tempest

(2008). 'Virtue Rather Than Vengeance': Genesis and Shakespeare's The Tempest. The Explicator: Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 224-229.
A CaAl4O7-bearing refractory spherule from Murchison: Evidence for very high-temperature melting in the solar nebula

We have recovered a unique refractory spherule, B6, from the Murchison C2 chondrite. Approximately 170 μm in diameter, it is concentrically zoned, with an outer rim sequence, from outermost to innermost, of aluminous diopside (10 μm thick), anorthite (3 μm), and melilite (3 μm). Inside the melilite layer is a 7 μm-thick, nearly pure layer of spinel. Inward from this layer is a 20-μm wide zone of hibonite laths enclosed in spinel. Inward from this zone, at the core of the inclusion, is CaAl4O7 + perovskite. This is the first reported occurrence of CaAl4O7 in a Murchison inclusion. The sequence of mineral assemblages from the spinel shell inward parallels that expected for crystallization of a melt with the composition of this spherule: 73.2 wt% Al2O3; 17.7% MgO; 6.5% CaO; and 2.5% TiO2. From the bulk composition of the inclusion, distribution of phases, and spherical shape, we conclude that the oxide phases in it, including spinel, crystallized from a liquid. From calculated phase relations in the system Al2O3-MgO-CaO, we infer a melting temperature of ~2100°C, the highest ever inferred for a refractory inclusion. Evidence of a high-temperature history is also seen in the spinel, which, unlike that in most CAIs, contains 1–2 mol% excess Al2O3 relative to stoichiometric MgAl2O4. At this temperature, B6 should have been grossly out of equilibrium (by ~600°C) with a gas of solar composition at 10−3 atm, but no evidence of evaporative loss is seen. The inclusion has a Group II REE pattern and a normal magnesium isotopic composition. The latter observation requires a very brief cooling time, on the order of several seconds. This is consistent with cooling rates calculated for a liquid spherule of the size and composition of B6 undergoing radiative cooling in the solar nebula and constrains the heating mechanism to a small-scale event. We propose the following sequence for the formation of B6: condensation of solid precursors; melting of those precursors in a hypervelocity collision which caused heating of the melt to ~2100°C; rapid formation of the spinel shell, preventing evaporation of the melt; fractional crystallization of the melt; and addition, probably by condensation, of the silicate layers. Corundum and CaAl4O7 are very rarely found in Murchison CAIs. Apparently, most early formed, corundum-rich condensates continued to react with the solar nebula until hibonite, perovskite, and spinel had condensed, forming aggregates which, when melted, gave rise to liquids too rich in TiO2, MgO, and CaO to yield corundum or CaAl4O7 upon cooling.
The induction of carrier-specific helper cell tolerance in presensitized rats

Lewis rats rendered tolerant to sheep IgG (SGG) show a markedly reduced antibody response to the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten when later challenged with TNP-SGG. We have previously shown that this effect is due to functional unresponsiveness in the carrier SGG-specific helper T cell population. In this paper we demonstrate that induced helper cell tolerance is also maintained through a secondary immunogenic challenge. Furthermore, rats which are primed to the carrier SGG prior to tolerance induction also show a markedly reduced anti-TNP response upon secondary immunogenic challenge with TNP-SGG. The ability to specifically suppress a secondary response in this manner was found to be relatively long lasting, since rats showed reduced responsiveness when the secondary challenge was delayed for up to 4 weeks after tolerance induction. In addition, rats primed to the hapten (TNP) prior to carrier (SGG) tolerance induction also showed a marked reduction in anti-TNP antibody following challenge with TNP-SGG. These findings imply that helper cell tolerance can be induced in rats even after priming of carrier-specific (SGG) helper cells, or hapten-specific (TNP) B cells. These results parallel our other published findings that IgE responses in presensitized rats can be overcome by helper cell tolerance.
Independent Recruitment In Vivo by Gal4 of Two Complexes Required for Transcription

We use a modified form of ChIP to analyze the recruitment of seven sets of proteins to the yeast GAL genes upon induction. We resolve three stages of recruitment: first SAGA, then Mediator, and finally Pol II along with four other proteins (including TBP) bind the promoter. In a strain lacking SAGA, Mediator is recruited with a time course indistinguishable from that observed in wild-type cells. Our results are consistent with the notion that a single species of activator, Gal4, separately contacts, and thereby directly recruits, SAGA and Mediator.
A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation

Prostaglandins (PGs) of the J2 series form in vivo and exert effects on a variety of biological processes. While most of PGs mediate their effects through G protein-coupled receptors, the mechanism of action for the J2 series of PGs remains unclear. Here, we report the PGJ2 and its derivatives are efficacious activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma, respectively), orphan nuclear receptors implicated in lipid homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation. The PGJ2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2 binds directly to PPAR gamma and promotes efficient differentiation of C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts to adipocytes. These data provide strong evidence that a fatty acid metabolite can function as an adipogenic agent through direct interactions with PPAR gamma and furthermore, suggest a novel mechanism of action for PGs of the J2 series.
Cursor and read only connection animations

The Animated Database Courseware (http://adbc.kennesaw.edu) that will be presented consists of animations, examples, and sample tests to support database curricula. It consists of five major models (Database Design, SQL, Transactional Processing, Security and Advanced Concepts) as well as many submodules. This web application has been used extensively at Kennesaw State University as well as many other universities throughout the country. Evaluations have indicated that it improves learning depth and breadth. This work describes a new sub-module to demonstrate two methods for connecting to a database which allow read, update and execute commands. The module is called Embedded SQL and the two methods demonstrated are Read and Cursor. This work has been funded by NSF grant # 0717707.
Identification of 16-oxo-9-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a novel monomer, as a major component of the biopolymer cutin in embryonic Vicia faba.

Abstract 16-oxo-9-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid and 16-oxo-10-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid were identified as major components of the cutin of the embryonic shoot of germinating Vicia faba by hydrogenolysis with LiAlH 4 , deuterolysis with LiAlD 4 and treatment with NaBD 4 followed by hydrogenolysis and analysis of the products by a combination of gasliquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Generalized Fokker-Planck models of light propagation in layered media

We present a numerical procedure using the PN-method to model light distributions in layered structures such as the epithelium. In contrast to previous studies of layered media using Monte Carlo methods and discrete ordinates, the PN-method provides the flexibility to not only vary tissue optical properties across layers but also allows one to vary the tissue light interaction without changes to the numerical method. This includes the collection of generalized Fokker-Planck equations used in forward scattering approximations. Example calculations are performed for a model of the head consisting of a skull layer, cerebrospinal fluid layer, and cortex layer and a model of a port wine stain consisting of epidermis, dermis, and vascular malformation layers. Results obtained with the PN-method are shown to agree with Monte Carlo simulation but are obtained in a fraction of the time needed for accurate Monte Carlo results.
Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory well-differentiated metastatic thyroid cancer

Recent Phase III data presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2013 annual conference by Brose et al led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of sorafenib for the treatment of well-differentiated radioactive iodine-resistant metastatic thyroid cancer. This is the second drug in 40 years to be FDA approved for this indication. Recent reviews and a meta-analysis reveal a modest ability to induce a partial remission but substantial ability to halt disease progression. Given the significant activating mutations present in thyroid cancer, many of which are inhibited by sorafenib, the next logical approach may be to combine targeted rational therapies if permitted by collective toxicity profiles. This systematic review aims to summarize the recent Phase II/III data leading to the FDA approval of sorafenib for radioactive iodine therapy differentiated thyroid cancer and highlights recent novel combination therapy trials.
Toward a global information culture: education, libraries, and technology

EDUCOM ‘87 was held in Los Angeles from October 27-30, 1987 and drew more than 1,900 registrants, an increase of 25% over the preregistration for the 1986 conference held in Pittsburgh. Actual attendance was expected to be over 2,000, an increase of 30% over the Pittsburgh conference. This increased attendance reflects, in part, the overall growth of EDUCOM since June 1986, a time in which 82 colleges and universities joined, raising membership from 423 to 505.
Towards a unified model for performance evaluation of concurrency control

Abstract Research in the area of concurrency-control performance evaluation has been extensive in the past few years. Unfortunately, conclusions arrived at by many of the researchers were incomparable and at times contradictory, because of the different assumptions and performance models used. Therefore, a unified and complete performance model is needed. We propose a framework for concurrency-control performance evaluation in single-site databases. Areas of performance studies are classified, and a performance model is suggested. Finally, we give a complete example of a performance study for the dynamic two-phase locking algorithm using this framework. Two effects were studied: those of granularity and the read-write mix.
Symmetrized Poisson-Boltzmann equation for mixtures containing colloidal particles and an electrolyte

Abstract The collective interactions among colloidal particles in electrolyte solutions are examined employing a symmetrized Poisson-Boltzmann equation for a mixture consisting of charged colloidal particles and a binary electrolyte solution. This equation is derived by using a virial expansion of the Ornstein-Zernike equation and takes into account the interactions among all the charged species of the system. The particle energy thus obtained is compared with that provided by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The pair correlation function of the particles indicates that there are conditions under which the electrostatic interactions among the particles generate an effective attraction.
On the feasibility of inducing oil mobilization in existing reservoirs via wellbore harmonic fluid action

Abstract Although vibration-based mobilization of oil remaining in mature reservoirs is a promising low-cost method of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), research on its applicability at the reservoir scale is still at an early stage. In this paper, we use simplified models to study the potential for oil mobilization in homogeneous and fractured reservoirs, when harmonically oscillating fluids are injected/produced within a well. To this end, we investigate first whether waves, induced by fluid pressure oscillations at the well site, and propagating radially and away from the source in a homogeneous reservoir, could lead to oil droplet mobilization in the reservoir pore-space. We discuss both the fluid pore-pressure wave and the matrix elastic wave cases, as potential agents for increasing oil mobility. We then discuss the more realistic case of a fractured reservoir, where we study the fluid pore-pressure wave motion, while taking into account the leakage effect on the fracture wall. Numerical results show that, in homogeneous reservoirs, the rock-stress wave is a better energy-delivery agent than the fluid pore-pressure wave. However, neither the rock-stress wave nor the pore-pressure wave is likely to result in any significant residual oil mobilization at the reservoir scale. On the other hand, enhanced oil production from the fractured reservoir's matrix zone, induced by cross-flow vibrations, appears to be feasible. In the fractured reservoir, the fluid pore-pressure wave is only weakly attenuated through the fractures, and thus could induce fluid exchange between the rock formation and the fracture space. The vibration-induced cross-flow is likely to improve the imbibition of water into the matrix zone and the expulsion of oil from it.
On the bounded nature of the system output for a class of time-optimal controls

It is shown that when the time-optimal inputs of a linear time-varying system satisfy a constraint of the L p type, the single output cannot overshoot the final desired value.
Repetitive beating after single ventricular extrastimuli: incidence and prognostic significance in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

Abstract The incidence of repetitive ventricular beating in response to programmed single ventricular extrastimuli delivered during spontaneous rhythm was tabulated in 59 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Repetitive beating occurred in only nine patients (15 percent). The repetitive response seemed to be a result of bundle branch reentry in four subjects and possibly a result of other mechanisms in five. There was no difference in the incidence of repetitive beating or type of repetitive response in patients with and without ischemic heart disease. During an average patient follow-up period of 13.6 months, there were eight sudden and six nonsudden deaths. Life table analysis revealed a significantly greater incidence of sudden death in patients with ischemic than in patients with nonischemic heart disease. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sudden death in patients with and without repetitive beating. It is concluded that the repetitive response to single ventricular extrastimulation is infrequent in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and that repetitive beating is not a prognostic indicator or an indicator of vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia.
Inferences based on uncertain data: Some experiments on the role of slope magnitude, instructions, and stimulus distribution shape on the learning of contingency relationships☆

Abstract Subject sensitivity with regard to the uncertainty present in single-cue probability learning inference tasks was examined in a series of three related experiments. The first experiment varied validity sign, validity magnitude, and type of cue marginal (normal, uniform, bimodal). Bimodal distributions tended to be learned most quickly, particularly at low validities, followed by uniform, followed by normal. Surprisingly, however, uniform conditions tended to have higher asymptotic residual variance than normal or bimodal conditions. In the second experiment, special instructions on the nature of uncertainty relationships were given to subjects. Although performance did improve, subjects did not maximize their behavior. Experiment III consisted of two transfer paradigms, from a bimodal to normal distribution and vice versa. Results again indicated that bimodal distributions tended to result in quicker learning of the basic relation (slope), providing greater absolute transfer to test trials than normal distributions. However, relative (true) transfer affects were highest for normal distribution groups. Arguments for the dependence of learning rate on S ce S x evolved from these findings.
Leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor regulate expression of muscarinic receptors in cultured sympathetic neurons

Abstract Regulation of muscarinic receptor expression was studied in cultured sympathetic neurons of the neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), both previously shown to regulate neurotransmitter development in cultured SCG neurons (Yamamori et al., 1989; Saadat et al., 1989), were examined for effects on receptor expression. Exposure of SCG neurons to LIF or CNTF (5 ng/ml) prevented the normal developmental increase in muscarinic receptors as measured by whole cell binding of N -methyl[3H]scopolamine. Reduction in receptor binding was detected within 2 to 4 days of treatment, with a 65-80% reduction after 16 days. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a reduction in total receptor number (Bmax) with no significant change in receptor affinity (Kd). Concentrations of 1 ng/ml of either factor reduced receptor expression with near-maximal effectiveness at doses of 10 ng/ml. The decrease in muscarinic receptors was not blocked by atropine, indicating that it was not agonist induced. Treatment with LIF or CNTF did not affect the survival of cultured neurons. Further, effects on receptor expression were reversible after discontinuance of treatment. Finally, treatment with either factor increased overall protein synthesis, indicating the integrity of cellular metabolism of cultures and hence the specificity of the decrease in muscarinic receptor number. LIF and CNTF thus regulate receptor as well as neurotransmitter development and could therefore play a role during synaptogenesis in the developing nervous system.
Innate immune function of the neisserial porins and the relationship to vaccine adjuvant activity

Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria responsible for bacterial meningitis and septicemia. Porins are the most represented outer membrane proteins in the pathogenic Neisseria species, functioning as pores for the exchange of ions, and are characterized by a trimeric beta-barrel structure. Neisserial porins have been shown to act as adjuvants in the immune response via activation of B cells and other antigen-presenting cells. Their effect on the immune response is mediated by upregulation of the costimulatory molecule B7-2 (CD86) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, an effect that is dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and MyD88, through a cascade of signal transduction events mediated by direct binding of the porin to the TLR2-TLR1 heterodimer. This article summarizes work carried out investigating the mechanisms of the immune stimulating capacity of the neisserial porins (specifically meningococcal PorB), emphasizing cellular events involved in antigen-presenting cell activation and induction of expression of cell surface molecules involved in the immune response.
Open-shell SCF calculations with a model potential method

A model potential proposed by Huzinaga and his coworkers has been incorporated into the generalized coupling operator for open-shell SCF. With this modified operator, valence-only calculations have been performed on the ground and Rydberg excited states of the water molecule and compared with the ab initio SCF results previously reported.
Dominio del ASL y ortografía inglesa. Manejo de la ortografía inglesa del niño con dominio del ASL

Este estudio acerca del dominio de los ninos sordos de los patrones ortograficos de la lengua inglesa hace referencia a su proceso de alfabetizacion. Se comparan tres grupos de ninos en un ejercicio de decision lexica basado en la regularidad o irregularidad de la fonologia de las palabras; estos tres grupos estaban formados por: ninos con capacidad auditiva normal y dominio del ingles, ninos con capacidad auditiva normal con dominio del espanol, y ninos sordos con dominio del ASL. El dominio del lenguaje y el tipo de palabras afecto a los resultados obtenidos por los distintos grupos. Sin embargo, fue el grupo de ninos con dominio del ASL el que mostro mayores variaciones. El estudio de estos individuos sugiere implicaciones en su educacion linguistica y alfabetizacion. Los ninos sordos se enfrentan a una formidable labor doble de aprendizaje: aprender a leer un sistema de escritura basado en fonemas, al tiempo que aprenden simultaneamente el lenguaje que codifica dicho sistema. La presente investigacion supone un avance en la comprension de los retos que supone esta doble labor de aprendizaje.
Property price effects of a national wildlife refuge: Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in Massachusetts

The amenity value of proximity to a National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in central Middlesex County, Massachusetts is estimated and compared to the values of proximity to five other open space types, including agricultural land, cemeteries, conservation land, golf courses, and sport/recreation parks. A hedonic model is used to explore the relationships among residential property values and proximity to these distinct types of open space. Open space characteristics in the empirical model include measures of continuous distance from each property to the nearest open space of each type and an index describing the diversity of open space types within neighborhoods of 100 and 1000 meters around a home. Results reveal that a property located 100 meters closer to the NWR than a neighboring property has a price premium of $984. Further, proximity to the NWR is valued more than proximity to agricultural land, cemeteries, and conservation land. No significant differences are found among the values of proximity to the NWR, golf courses, and sport/recreation parks.
Somatodendritic accumulation of misfolded SOD1-L126Z in motor neurons mediates degeneration: αB-crystallin modulates aggregation

Mice expressing variants of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) encoding C-terminal truncation mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) have begun to define the role of misfolding and aggregation in the pathogenesis of disease. Here, we examine transgenic mice expressing SOD1-L126Z (Z = stop-truncation of last 28 amino acids), finding that detergent-insoluble mutant protein specifically accumulates in somatodendritic compartments. Soluble forms of the SOD1-L126Z were virtually undetectable in spinal cord at any age and the levels of accumulated protein directly correlated with disease symptoms. Neither soluble nor insoluble forms of SOD1-L126Z were transported to distal axons. In vitro, small heat shock protein (Hsp) alphaB-crystallin suppressed the in vitro aggregation of SOD1-L126Z. In vivo, alphaB-crystallin immunoreactivity was most abundant in oligodendrocytes and up-regulated in astrocytes of symptomatic mice; neither of these cell-types accumulated mutant SOD1 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that damage to motor neuron cell bodies and dendrites within the spinal cord can be sufficient to induce motor neuron disease and that the activities of chaperones may modulate the cellular specificity of mutant SOD1 accumulation.
Integration of Athletics and Academics: Survey of Best Practices at FBS Schools

The Coalition on Intercollegiate Athletics (COIA), an alliance of 57 university faculty senates, was founded in 2002 to provide a faculty voice in the national discussion about how to best maintain academic integrity in big-time college sports. COIA’s most recent white paper, Framing the Future: Reforming Intercollegiate Athletics (2007), proposes best practices for individual universities to help ensure that college sports are more fully integrated into their academic goals, values and missions. Reported here are the results of a national survey that gauged the extent to which COIA’s best practices have been adopted by schools participating in the Football Bowl Subdivision. The findings suggest that big-time athletics programs have a number of underutilized tools at their disposal that can assist them in protecting core academic values and standards at universities competing at the highest level of intercollegiate sport.
A dynamic range resource reservation protocol for QoS support in wireless networks

Summary form only given. In order to provide support for multimedia applications in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), quality of service (QoS) support becomes an important component in their design. In this paper, we present a dynamic range bandwidth reservation protocol for TDMA-based MANETs. In this protocol, a source node S, that needs to send data, sends a request message (QREQ) to reserve a QoS path to the desired destination node D. In the reservation message, the source node specifies a dynamic range [b/sub min/, b/sub max/] of the number of slots needed to transmit the data. The intermediate nodes along the path try to reserve a number of slots, b/sub cur/, that is equal to the maximum number of slots that are "available" within this range (b/sub min/ /spl ges/ b/sub cur/ /spl ges/ b/sub max/). The protocol also permits intermediate nodes to dynamically "downgrade" existing paths that are functioning above their minimum requirements in order to allow the successful reservation for the maximum number of requested paths. When the network traffic load is later decreased, the existing paths are able to be "upgraded" to function with higher bandwidth requirements. This allows the network to admit new QoS paths instead of denying such requests by allowing for "graceful degradation" of other paths. The paper also presents several optimization techniques which are designed to increase the efficiency and throughput of the network. This protocol allows a higher level of flexibility in providing and maintaining QoS support in MANETs.
Characterization of the Supinator Tubercle for Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction

Background:Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) reconstruction requires proper understanding and identification of anatomic structures about the lateral elbow. The insertion site of the LUCL is based on the supinator tubercle.Purpose:To characterize the supinator tubercle relative to other surrounding anatomic landmarks.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 adult elbows were retrospectively reviewed. These CT scans were converted into patient-specific 3-dimensional computer models. Using a user-defined coordinate system, an ulnar Cartesian coordinate system was defined with anatomic landmarks as reference points to standardize the position of each model. The length of the supinator crest was measured. Following this, the crest was examined for a distinct raised bony tuberosity that would be consistent with the supinator tubercle. If no distinctly raised tubercle was noted, the most prominent appearing location of the crest distal to the radial notch was...
Exploiting bondwire parasitic impedance in the design of a 1.6 GHz narrow-band CMOS low noise amplifier

This paper presents a new technique for efficiently utilizing the parasitic impedance of bondwires in the design of a 1.6 GHz high performance narrow-band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). Bondwires have reasonably predictable parasitic impedance and have much higher quality factors compared to on-chip spiral inductors. The proposed LNA design uses bondwires to provide the needed inductive reactance and does not use any on-chip spiral inductors. Series capacitors are used to control the inductive reactance of bondwires. HSPICE simulations show that the LNA achieves a noise figure NF of only 2.0 dB in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology. It has S11 of -10.04 dB, S22 of -29.3 dB, S21 of 21.2 dB, input referred IP3 of -8 dBm, and consumes 14.94 mW from a 2.5 V power supply.