cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Workers Assert Medicare Home Care Ignores Social Determinants of Health

There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CM...
Structure-Based Drug-Drug Interaction Detection via Expressive Graph Convolutional Networks and Deep Sets (Student Abstract)

In this work, we proposed a DDI detection method based on molecular structures using graph convolutional networks and deep sets. We proposed a more discriminative convolutional layer compared to conventional GCN and achieved permutation invariant prediction without losing the capability of capturing complicated interactions.
Dual-agent fluorescent labeling of soft-tissue sarcomas improves the contrast based upon targeting both interstitial and cellular components of the tumor milieu.

BACKGROUND Current practices for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery utilize a single fluorescent agent, but homogeneous distribution throughout the tumor is difficult to achieve. We hypothesize that administering a perfusion and a molecular-targeted agent at their optimal administration-to-imaging time will improve whole-tumor contrast. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft human synovial sarcomas were administered indocyanine green (ICG) (3 mg/kg) or ABY-029 (48.7 μg/kg)-an epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted Affibody molecule-alone or in combination. Fluorescence contrast and signal distribution were compared between treatment groups. Two commercial fluorescence imaging systems were tested for simultaneous imaging of ICG and ABY-029. RESULTS ABY-029 has a moderate positive correlation with viable tumor (ρ = 0.2 ± 0.4), while ICG demonstrated a strong negative correlation (ρ = -0.6 ± 0.1). The contrast-to-variance ratio was highest in the ABY-029 +ICG (2.5 ± 0.8), compared to animals that received ABY-029 (2.3 ± 0.8) or ICG (2.0 ± 0.5) alone. Moreover, the combination of ABY-029 + ICG minimizes the correlation between viable tumor and fluorescence intensity (ρ = -0.1 ± 0.2) indicating the fluorescence signal distribution is more homogeneous throughout the tumor milieu. CONCLUSION Dual-agent imaging utilizing a single channel in a commercial fluorescence-guided imaging system tailored for IRDye 800CW is a promising method to increase tumor contrast in a clinical setting.
The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Older Latino Mortality: The Rapidly Diminishing Latino Paradox.

Objectives This brief report aims to highlight stark mortality disparities among older Latinos that result from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods We use recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to compute age-specific death rates (ASDRs) for 3 causes of death: deaths from COVID-19, residual deaths, and total deaths for 4 age groups (55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and older) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on older Latino mortality relative to non-Latino Whites and non-Latino Blacks and also in comparison to residual deaths. Additionally, we obtain ASDRs for all causes of deaths from 1999 to 2018 to provide a pre-pandemic context and assess the extent to which the consistently observed mortality advantage among Latinos persists during the pandemic. Results Consistent with previous research, our findings show that Latinos have lower ASDRs for non-COVID-19 causes of death across all age groups compared to non-Latino Whites. However, our findings indicate that Latinos have significantly higher ASDRs for COVID-19 deaths than non-Latino Whites. Furthermore, although the Latino advantage for total deaths persists during the pandemic, it has diminished significantly compared to the 1999-2018 period. Discussion Our findings indicate that as a result of the pandemic, the time-tested Latino paradox has rapidly diminished due to higher COVID-19 mortality among older Latino adults compared to non-Latino Whites. Future research should continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 to assess the disparate impact of the pandemic on older non-Latino Black, Latino, and non-Latino White adults as additional data become available.
The Role Mentoring Plays in the Transition to Practice of Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers.

CONTEXT Mentoring has been identified as an important method of supporting newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) during their transition to practice. Gaining a better understanding of this relationship could provide valuable insights that may assist employers and professional programs in developing a plan to better facilitate the transition. OBJECTIVE To examine which aspects of the mentoring relationship provided the most benefit during transition to practice of newly certified ATs. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Individual phone interviews. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 ATs who graduated from a professional master's program, were certified from February through July 2016, and obtained employment from July through August of 2016 participated in this study (6 women, 7 men; age = 26 ± 3 years; work settings included professional sports, college, secondary and middle school, and clinic). Data saturation guided the number of participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Phone interviews using a semistructured interview guide were conducted at 3, 8, and 12 months of work experience. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Credibility was established via investigator triangulation, peer debriefing, and member checks. RESULTS Participants recognized the mentoring relationship as a foundational aspect of the transition to practice. Mentors should be available by phone, email, or text to answer questions, provide feedback, or discuss ideas. Respondents wanted honest feedback, even when that feedback was constructively critical. Feedback was sought regarding topics such as patient care, communication, and networking. Participants needed reassurance and support from their mentors to help validate and improve their self-confidence. CONCLUSIONS Newly credentialed ATs should seek a mentor who will be available to communicate in various ways and will provide regular and constructive feedback. Future researchers should investigate how mentoring relationships influence other aspects of the transition to practice, such as patient care, overall job performance, turnover, and satisfaction.
Amtrak Rail Trespasser Analysis using a GIS Space-Time Approach:

This research explores Amtrak trespass incident data from 2011 to 2019 using a GIS spatiotemporal process. The objective is to evaluate incident characteristics based on space, time, incident facto...
Balancing Hazards in the Design of Local Franchise Contracts

Relying on transaction cost logic, the authors consider the likelihood that contract duration and monitoring are jointly determined in 241 cable franchise renewal agreements. Results indicate that municipalities award longer contracts to larger cable companies with more asset-specific investments, but also more actively monitor these contracts. In addition, performance problems in the initial period lead municipalities to choose more active monitoring going forward. The findings have implications for understanding the way contract options are combined to address various hazards but also for contracting officers who want to make reasoned decisions regarding the use of incentives, controls, rewards, and sanctions.
What is the Availability, Affordability, and Quality of Foods and Beverages Aligned with Dietary Guidance in Louisiana Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Authorized Stores?

Abstract Healthy food retail strategies are delivered by Cooperative Extension Services in Louisiana to improve public health among communities with lower income. To guide Cooperative Extension Services Programming, the aim of this study was to assess healthy food access among SNAP-authorized stores. This included comparing the availability, affordability, and quality of healthy foods sold in these stores by geography, ownership, and store type. Seventy-five Louisiana SNAP-authorized stores were selected for measurement. Between October 2019 and March 2020 (prior to the COVID-19 national emergency declaration), trained researchers used the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) to assess the availability, affordability, and quality of healthy versus less healthy foods and beverages in 42 SNAP-authorized stores, including: grocery (n = 12, 29%), convenience (n = 17, 41%), drug (n = 1, 2%), dollar (n = 11, 26%), and butcher/meat (n = 1, 2%). Multivariate analysis of variance (a priori, p
EVALUATION AND ACTION: SUSTAINING EXCELLENCE IN COLLEGIATE AVIATION DISTANCE EDUCATION

This study assesses the role of the evaluation process in sustaining and developing quality distance education programs in collegiate aviation. Distance education encompasses distance learning and distributive learning as well as e-learning and multiple method crossover delivery that includes some form of electronic delivery. The research explores the sanctioned position of evaluation procedures and their practical application in the outcomes assessment process within collegiate aviation distance education programs as compared to traditional delivery methods. Additionally, the study investigates the criteria for determining outcomes assessment based on establishing methods for interpolating contact hours, applied testing, and gauging learning. The methodological approach includes a literature review and a survey instrument implemented by semi-structured phone interviews. The gathered data are based on a review of accredited graduate and undergraduate collegiate aviation distance programs. The findings demonstrate that evaluation is an underutilized method for sustaining and ensuring a high-level academic product is delivered via distance education. The lack of consistent terminology for classifying and measuring distance education, and more specifically, the meaning of quality, further complicate this. Further research is recommended in order to reach a consensus on defining vocabulary of distance education elements and the role and application of evaluation. Additionally, the recommendations provide guidance in modifying the curriculum for achieving consistent results commensurate with accreditation standards.
Teaching Criminal Law: Some Useful Cases

Several highly "teachable" cases for the course in Criminal Law are discussed in detail, divided into those dealing with the mental requirement for crime, the act requirement, and affirmative defenses. These decisions come from both federal and state courts, with a focus on Florida (where the author, now retired, taught for over three decades).
Analysis of the Costs and Economic Feasibility of Requiring Postharvest Processing for Raw Oysters

Because of concerns about Vibrio vulnificus, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering requirements for postharvest processing (PHP) of oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico during warm-weather months and intended for raw consumption. As described in the paper, feasible PHP methods for warm-weather-harvested oysters include cool pasteurization, high hydrostatic pressure, and low-dose gamma-irradiation. We estimate that the costs of applying PHP are approximately 5 to 6 cents per half-shell oyster intended for raw consumption. However, most oyster processors have insufficient volumes to cost-effectively install PHP equipment. To assist these smaller operations, central PHP facilities operated by a 3rd party would be needed. A geographic information system analysis that minimized volume-weighted travel distances from each Gulf oyster operation identified 6 optimal PHP facility locations in the Gulf region. Even with the establishment of central PHP facilities, some oyster operations will become unprofitable and be at risk for closure.
Repression of transcription via cyclin-dependent kinase-9 inhibition is associated with flavopiridol - induced enhancement of radiosensitivity of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4389 Current treatment strategies for the esophageal malignancies have been developed and tested based on downstream parameters such as local/regional tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. While this approach has led to modest improvements in outcome through combined modality approaches, major improvements have been slow to emerge. A better understanding of the molecular determinants of cancer pathophysiology and the factors that underlie cellular sensitivity and resistance to standard treatments provide the opportunity to explore new targeted approaches to the long-term management of this disease. Our working hypothesis is that cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (such as flavopiridol(FP)) may provide synergy when combined with chemoradiotherapy by impacting several radioresistance mechanisms. First, FP may slow the rate of accelerated repopulation. Second, it may enhance the effects of sensitivity of the tumor cell clonogens to chemoradiotherapy through inhibition of DNA repair, cell cycle redistribution, and induction of apoptosis. Third, through transcriptional inhibition of expression of critical genes and their products, it may enhance the chemoradiosensitivity of the cells. To investigate this approach in preclinical settings, we have explored the ability of FP, a wide spectrum cyclin-dependent kinase (cdks) inhibitor, to enhance in vitro sensitivity of SEG-1, an esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line, to radiation and docetaxel. FP enhanced radiosensitivity of these cells in a dose dependent manner; the enhancement factor (EF) ranged from 1.20 to 1.86. Flow cytometry analysis of SEG-1 cells showed that FP increased the percent of G1 phase cells a radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle. In addition, FP induced apoptosis in these cells and also enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis. At molecular level, FP down regulated the levels of phosphorylated forms of cdk-1 and cdk-2, Rb protein and cyclin D1 protein consistent with the cell cycle redistribution. FP also abolished the phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II at its carboxyl terminus domain that was induced by radiation implying that it also inhibited the kinase activity of cdk-9. Transcriptional repression by FP via inhibition of cdk-9 resulted in inhibition of uridine incorporation, similar to that of a reversible transcription inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D- ribobenzimidazole (DRB). Investigations on the efficacy of triple agent combination therapy with FP, docetaxel and radiation in the treatment of EC cells in vitro showed that FP significantly enhanced the chemoradiosensitivity when given after chemoradiation treatments. In conclusion, targeting cdks improved the SEG-1 cell sensitivity to chemoradiation treatment. (Supported in part by MDACC MRP esophageal grant and Aventis Pharmaceuticals).
Estimation of Charge-Transfer Resistivity of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Cathode on Y 0.16Zr0.84 O 2 Electrolyte Using Patterned Electrodes

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte disks with patterned Sr-doped LaMnO 3 (LSM) electrodes having different three-phase boundary (TPB) lengths (l T P B ), but the same electrode-electrolyte interface area, were prepared using photomicrolithography. Impedance spectra for half-cells were obtained under oxygen partial pressures; p O 2 , ranging from 10 - 3 to 1 atm and temperatures from 650 to 800°C. Area specific charge-transfer resistance, R c t , was found to vary inversely with l T P B . While the charge-transfer resistance is inversely proportional to l T P B . consistent with the charge-transfer reaction occurring mainly at the TPB, at 800°C some transport through LSM also appears to occur. The estimated value of charge-transfer resistivity, p c t , corresponding to the charge-transfer reaction occurring at the TPB in air at 800°C (1.26 x 10 5 Ω cm), is in good agreement with that estimated from actual fuel cell tests using quantitative stereological analysis of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes. R c t and ρ c t were found to decrease with increasing p O 2 and with increasing temperature. The activation energy for the overall charge-transfer reaction was estimated to be ∼1.5 eV.
Reconstructing Electronic Surveillance Law

After the September 11th attacks in 2001, Congress hastily passed the USA-Patriot Act which made several changes to electronic surveillance law. The Act has sparked a fierce debate. However, the pros and cons of the USA-Patriot Act are only one part of a much larger issue: How effective is the law that regulates electronic surveillance? The USA-Patriot Act made a number of changes in electronic surveillance law, but the most fundamental problems with the law did not begin with the USA-Patriot Act. In this article, Professor Solove argues that electronic surveillance law suffers from significant problems that predate the USA-Patriot Act. The USA-Patriot Act indeed worsened some of these problems, but surveillance law had lost its way long before. Surveillance law is thus in need of a radical reconstruction. After exploring specific difficulties with the scope, standards, and enforcement mechanisms of the statutes, Solove turns to examine the more deeply-rooted and systematic problems. Solove contends that electronic surveillance law is overly intricate and complex, that it has failed to keep pace in adapting to new technologies, and that it provides for insufficient judicial and legislative oversight. He proposes ways in which surveillance law should be reconstructed to address these problems. Solove recommends a rather radical solution: Warrants supported by probable cause should be required for most uses of electronic surveillance. Finally, Solove suggests that Congress draft a charter regulating the FBI.
TRADEMARK LAW AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW—DECEPTION IS A CRUEL ACT: "UNIFORM" STATE DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACTS AND THEIR DECEPTIVE EFFECTS ON THE TRADEMARK CLAIMS OF CORPORATE COMPETITORS

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Organometallic acetylene chemistry

Abstract Several new group IV organometallic acetylides have been synthesized utilizing the reaction of sodium acetylide with organometallic halides in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The expected mono-, di- and tetraethynyl derivatives were obtained. In addition, a number of disubstituted organometallic acetylides and polymeric residues were obtained. The nature of the reaction products leads one to the assumption that under the selected conditions monosodium acetylide disproportionates slowly into disodium acetylide. At least one of the products is highly explosive.
Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies. XI. Animal and human response to vapors of deodorized kerosene.

Abstract The suggested hygienic standard for human inhalation of Deodorized Kerosene, based upon the results of inhalation studies with rats and dogs and the sensory responses of human subjects is 0.10 mg/liter (14 ppm). Air saturated at 25°C with these vapors produced no signs of discomfort, nor any mortality in rats, dogs, or cats during 8-hr inhalation periods. Aerosols caused only skin irritation of extremities of rats after 6 hr/day for 4 days at a mean concentration of 7.5 mg/liter. Cats were not affected by 6.5 mg/liter after 6 hr in a similarly generated aerosol. Air at 25°C substantially saturated with the vapors caused no statistically significant deviations from control groups in any of the monitored criteria of effect when inhaled 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 67 and 68 days by rats and dogs, repectively. The most probable odor threshold as determined by a sniff test conducted with six human subjects is 0.0006 mg/liter (0.09 ppm). Substantially saturated vapor at room temperature ca. 0.10 mg/liter (14 ppm) should be well tolerated in the workroom atmosphere for continuous 8 hr/day inhalation.
Choosing A Wiki Platform For Student Projects Lessons Learned

Wikis offer many benefits, such as two-way flows of information, early and consistent feedback, and greater student group collaboration, in an educational setting. Some researchers have already reported on the use of Wikis in their classes. However, instructors must choose an appropriate Wiki platform in order to receive all of the benefits of their use. Failure to do so can lead to significant frustration on the part of both students and the instructor. Using a framework put forth by Schwartz et. al. (2004), this paper reports on the use of various Wiki platforms in an introductory information systems class. Lessons learned from this experience are discussed.
The Human Circadian System in Normal and Disordered Sleep

The human circadian system regulates rhythmicity in the human body and establishes normal sleep and wake phases. The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), located in the hypothalamus above the optic chiasm, make up the human pacemaker known as the circadian or biological clock, but other essential parts of the circadian system include the pineal gland, retina, and retinohypothalamic tract. The importance of light in resetting the intrinsic human circadian cycle, the intrinsic period of which is slightly longer than 24 hours, ensures that the human cycle will stay entrained to the earth's 24-hour daily cycle. Within the SCN neurons, circadian rhythmicity is generated by the regular transcription of proteins. Since the circadian system is the foundation of the sleep-wake cycle, disorders and abnormalities in sleep are often connected with disorders or abnormalities in the circadian system. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as jet lag syndrome and shift work sleep disorder, are those specifically attributed to dysfunctions or insufficiencies in the circadian system. Taking into consideration the preeminence of the circadian clock in timing sleep, it is likely that other sleep disorders, such as insomnia, are also linked to circadian system abnormalities.
Fludarabine, low-dose busulfan and antithymocyte globulin as conditioning for Fanconi anemia patients receiving bone marrow transplantation from HLA-compatible related donors

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) from unaffected donors remains the only modality for the correction of hematological abnormalities in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients. We performed four HLA-matched related donor SCT using a novel irradiation and cyclophosphamide-free conditioning regimen. The protocol included fludarabine 150 mg/m(2), busulfan 4 mg/kg, and antithymocyte globulin 90 mg/kg. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporin A, MTX, and daclizumab. The engraftment and occurrence of full stable donor hemopoiesis was rapid in all cases with minimal short-term toxic complications. There were no infections or febrile episodes during the inpatient phase. Three patients developed acute GVHD grade I-II involving gut and skin and one patient progressed to extensive chronic GVHD. The preparative conditioning regimen is safe and associated with low organ toxicity and effective immunosupression for the stable engraftment in FA patients undergoing SCT with matched related donors.
Rapid Parallel Evaluation of Integrals in Potential Theory on General Three-Dimensional Regions

We present a new, high order accurate method for the rapid, parallel evaluation of certain integrals in potential theory on general three-dimensional regions. These methods use fast methods for solving the differential equation which the kernel satisfies, and the number of operations needed to evaluate the integrals is essentially equal to the number of operations needed to solve the differential equation on a regular rectangular grid. In particular, one can evaluate integrals whose kernels are the Greens function for Poissons equation by using Fourier methods on a rectangular grid, or, a fast Poisson solver. Thus, these methods avoid the problems associated with using quadrature methods to evaluate an integral with a singular kernel. Numerical results are presented for experiments on a variety of geometries.
Once more with feeling: Tactility and cognitive alterity, medieval and modern

This essay compares medieval and modern narratives of abnormal sensory perception with a focus on ‘phantom’ tactility. After considering the ways in which tactile perception is represented and managed in recent neuroscientific literature, particularly in Ramachandran and Blakeslee's popular work, Phantoms in the Brain, it turns to an account of extraordinary tactility in the Life of the twelfth-century English anchorite, Christina of Markyate. It argues that the medieval text can point to some of the sensory biases and disabling practices of current medical discourses about abnormal perception.
Role of adenosine in airway inflammation in an allergic mouse model of asthma

In the present study, we examined dynamic changes in cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after adenosine challenge in ragweed sensitized and challenged mice. Mice systemically sensitized and airway challenged with ragweed showed marked airway inflammation manifesting increased eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and activated macrophages in BAL. Adenosine challenge further enhanced influx of inflammatory cells into BAL, notably neutrophils from 1 to 72 h and eosinophils from 1 to 48 h time-points (p<0.05), which sharply rose at 6-h time-point following adenosine challenge. Greater infiltration of lymphocytes into BAL was observed at 1 and 72 h and macrophages from 6 to 72 h (p<0.05) after adenosine challenge. Accordingly, markers of eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells were analyzed at 6-h time-point after adenosine challenge. Adenosine challenge significantly increased the levels of eosinophil peroxidase, neutrophil myeloperoxidase and beta-hexosaminidase in BAL. There were more significant effects of adenosine challenge on the degranulation of mast cells in the lung than that in blood. The chemoattractant, eotaxin, was detected in BAL, which increased after adenosine challenge. Theophylline, a non-specific adenosine receptor antagonist, prevented adenosine-enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells and their respective markers. Our findings suggest that adenosine plays an important role in airway inflammation in an allergic mouse model.
Modeling the economic cost of inadequate teaching and mentoring

The primary activity of this project has been to develop economic models giving the universities tools needed to understand and quantify the value of faculty accomplishments in teaching, mentoring, and advising. These tools will augment their existing tools for tracking funded research thus providing a more balanced view of the values of each activity. This understanding will provide the rational for properly rewarding excellent faculty accomplishments in student interactions, hence encouraging the efforts needed to retain more students. There is great value to the school, the institution and the nation, in faculty who provide excellent student services in and out of the classroom, but it is difficult to quantify these accomplishments economically for various reasons including limited access to university budgets. This often means high achieving faculty in research funding are given much greater rewards by the school than high achieving faculty in the area of student experiences. This disparity of rewards results in a faculty culture which undervalues faculty accomplishments for undergraduate students and fails to understand the economic impact of poor retention.
Doing Archaeology as a Feminist: Introduction

Gender research archaeology has made significant contributions, but its dissociation from the resources of feminist scholarship and feminist activism is a significantly limiting factor in its development. The essays that make up this special issue illustrate what is to be gained by making systematic use of these resources. Their distinctively feminist contributions are characterized in terms of the recommendations for “doing science as a feminist” that have taken shape in the context of the long running “feminist method debate” in the social sciences.
Effect of early aflatoxin B1 exposure on in vivo and in vitro antibody responses in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Exposure of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, to the carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1, resulted in a loss of B cell memory, but produced no change in the primary B cell antibody response. This effect was demonstrated both in vivo, in the generation of serum antibodies, and in vitro, in the generation of antibody-producing cells.
FUTBOL AND COMMUNITY : MEXICANO MIGRANTS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

In northern San Diego County, futbol breaks through the alienation felt by many Mexicano migrants and bridges the cultural communicative gaps that exist between communities. Futbol runs through the lives of these Mexicano communities and is much more than just a game. Through futbol leagues the Mexicano migrant community maintains social networks and demonstrates cultural visibility. Through these leagues the community interacts with traditionally dominant communities as well as other ethnic communities in areas such as Encinitas, where arrangements surrounding issues such as facilities usage bring these diverse populations into contact. This is only one way that futbol brings the Mexicano migrant community into the fore; through futbol the Mexicano migrant community Encinitas becomes visible, not only to other Latino communities, but through the cultural interactions with non-Latino communities that are often inherent in Southern California social spaces. It is this visibility via futbol leagues that eng...
FAR-INFRARED DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLAR LIQUIDS PROBED BY FEMTOSECOND TERAHERTZ PULSE SPECTROSCOPY

We report the frequency-dependent optical constants, n(ν) and α(ν), or, equivalently, the complex permittivity e(ω) = e‘(ω) − ie‘‘(ω), over the frequency range from 2 to 50 cm-1 for water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and liquid ammonia. These spectra have been measured with femtosecond terahertz pulse transmission spectroscopy. These liquids exhibit multiple-Debye behavior, making their frequency-dependent dielectric constants valuable benchmarks for molecular dynamics simulations and other theoretical treatments of liquids.
Infection of frog tadpoles (Amphibia) by insect parasitic nematodes (Rhabditida)

Infective stage juveniles ofNeoaplectana carpocapsae (Steinernematidae) andHeterohabditis heliothidis (Heterorhabditidae) were able to penetrate through the alimentary tract of young tadpoles ofHyla regilla (Hylidae) andXenopus laevis (Pipidae) and enter the body cavity. Some infectives ofN. carpocapsae were able to release their symbiotic bacterium,Xenorhabdus nematophilus inside the host and in two cases, the nematodes developed into adult females before they perished. Tadpole mortality was associated with foreign bacteria entering the penetration holes made by the invading nematodes. The infective stage juveniles of both nematodes frequently encountered a host defense reaction upon reaching the tadpole's infective stage juveniles of both nematodes frequently encountered a host defense reaction upon reaching the tadpole's coelom.
Conservative attitudes and authoritarian values

Summary The aim of the study was to determine the structure and dimensionality of social-political attitudes. Also investigated was the hypothesis that the liberal vs. conservative attitude dimension was synonymous with the value dimension rule free vs. authoritarian. An attitude measure consisting of simply stated social-political issues and a personal values inventory were administered to a varied sample of 300 men and women. Analysis of the attitude items disclosed three factors—Liberal vs. Conservative, Freedom of Sex Expression, and Equalitarianism—whose intercorrelations indicated a common dimension of conservatism. The cross-correlations in both the male and female samples support the hypothesis that conservative attitudes and authoritarian values were essentially identical constructs. Groups ranked by conservativism and groups ranked as to age increased significantly in mean conservativism score as anticipated.
The microwave spectrum and structure of fluorobenzene·sulphur dioxide

Abstract The Fourier transform microwave spectra of five isotopomers of fluorobenzene·sulphur dioxide (normal, 34 S, two 18 O, and d 5 ) have been observed. The dimer has a stacked structure with the SO 2 over the fluorobenzene ring straddling a symmetry plane. The dipole moments of SO 2 and C 6 H 5 F are oriented approximately antiparallel in the symmetry plane. The center of mass distance ( R cm ) is 3.62(5) A. The SO 2 plane is tilted relative to the fluorobenzene plane by about 27° with the sulphur closer to the aromatic plane.
Exploratory spatial optimization in site search : a neighborhood operator approach

Simultaneously locating and configuring the best site for a given land use or activity is a complex planning problem. This paper describes a method for addressing this problem that relies on a point-to-area neighborhood operator applied to a raster model of geographic space. This represents a synthesis of concepts drawn from cartographic modeling, optimal land allocation, and suitability mapping. The approach generates a mathematical field of best site boundaries that we call a site field. A site field does not lend itself to static visualization in two dimensions, and an interface for interactively exploring its contents is described. A significant benefit of adopting a neighborhood operator approach is that it serves to spatially decompose the global site search problem into a set of smaller, local problems. Therefore, the computational effort required to solve an optimal site search problem for a given cell in a raster representation of space is not tied to the number of cells in the global data set.
Nondestructive calibration of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating sensors using a fiber-based ultrafast laser

Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (CFBG) sensors are powerful high-speed strain detectors for various applications like traffic monitoring or detonation measurement. Here we present a novel, non-destructive calibration for CFBGs using a femtosecond fiber laser.
An explanation facility for today's expert systems

The authors discuss explanation facility types found in most expert systems and shells used today, referring to these as practice systems, since they represent current practice in expert system work. Practice systems include nonresearch expert systems (being developed every day in industry) as well as nonresearch expert system shells. They maintain that an extensive explanation facility meeting the obligations of a practice system's role can be implemented using only practice technology. They discuss the relationship of journalism to explanation, showing that explanation facility tasks (roles) on current practice expert systems and shells resemble a newswriter's tasks, as both involve presenting users or readers with accurate, objective, noninteractive accounts of events. In news reporting, events are pieces of news. In expert-system explanation, events are actions taken by expert systems. The authors present a journalistic explanation facility, Joe, which is part of AGNESS (a generalized network-based expert system shell), under development at the University of Minnesota. >
Characterization of layer-2 unique topologies

In this paper we study a layer-2 topology restoration for multisubnet networks. We design a new algorithm for generating such topologies and prove a criterion on a set of input data that guarantees a unique layer-2 topology. Our criterion is easily verifiable in O(n^2) time, where n is the number of internal network nodes.
Role of ADP in the control of actomyosin superprecipitation and ATPase activity

Abstract ATP, in the presence of 0.05–0.15 m KCl and greater than 50 μ m Mg2+, induces dissociation (clearing) followed by superprecipitation of skeletal muscle actomyosin. Superprecipitation has been studied as a model of muscle contraction, and ATP depletion has been associated with the onset of superprecipitation. Recent studies [ Puszkin and Rubin (1975) Science188, 1319–1320 ] indicate that ADP stimulates superprecipitation without increasing the rate of ATP hydrolysis. We confirm that ADP stimulates superprecipitation; however, contrary to the experience of these investigators, ADP does stimulate ATP hydrolysis in the system studied here. We present evidence that superprecipitation is associated with generation of a critical ADP:ATP ratio but it appears that this ratio is an indirect measure of an associated but uncharacterized phenomenon which signals the onset of superprecipitation. Added ADP decreased the extent and duration of clearing, increased the rate of ATP hydrolysis, and increased the extent of superprecipitation of rat skeletal muscle actomyosin in the presence of excess Mg2+. The ADP effect was not mimicked by EDTA or AMP. The duration of clearing was related not to the time required to attain a specific level of any nucleotide phosphate, but to the time required to generate an ADP:ATP ratio of approximately 3.6. Apparently only that ADP generated in the system by ATP hydrolysis was involved in the critical ADP:ATP ratio. Added ADP stimulated myosin ATPase activity in 1.6 or 3.2 m m Mg2+. This effect was not mimicked by EDTA or AMP. The results are used to relate studies by others of myosin sulfhydryl modification to a recent model [ Burke et al. (1973) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA70, 3793–3796 ] in which myosin MgATPase activity is inhibited by formation of a stable cyclic complex of MgATP and the S1 and S2 sites of heavy meromyosin.
Implementing Routine Cognitive Screening of Older Adults in Primary Care: Process and Impact on Physician Behavior

Background Early detection of cognitive impairment is a goal of high-quality geriatric medical care, but new approaches are needed to reduce rates of missed cases.
Contrast mechanisms and imaging modes in near field optical microscopy

Abstract The use of near field optical microscopy in a number of different circumstances is described, and various contrast mechanisms are explored. Results are presented on imaging polarization effects in tightly focused fields and magneto-optic media, and on correlative microscopy of porous silicon photoluminescence and topography.
Created in Japan: From Imitators to World-Class Innovators

Contents: The Managerial Imperitive; The Sociocultural Challenges; The Creativity Paradox; The Technological Race; Conclusion. In this warning to U.S. business and policymakers, Tatsuno debunks the myth of the Japanese inability to innovate. Appendixes.
Parasitism of Tabanus nigrovittatus immatures (Diptera: Tabanidae) by Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae).

A parasitic wasp, Trichopria sp. near tabanivora , emerged from Tabanus nigrovittatus pupae in the laboratory. Prevalence of wasp-parasitized T. nigrovittatus larvae and pupae in a salt marsh was 4.5% and 4.6%. The number of parasites reared from pupae varied ( x = 46.4, SD = 33.9). When placed with 14 horse fly larvae (each 15–17 mm long) in the laboratory, wasps stung their hosts. Larvae died within 3 months, and subsequent dissections and examination confirmed parasite presence in 2 specimens. Trichopria sp. near tabanivora is a gregarious, larval-pupal parasite, but seems to be of minor importance in natural control of T. nigrovittatus .
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyanide using a pre-column conversion to a transition metal complex

The quantitative conversion of free cyanide to Ni(CN) 4 2- was accomplished by passing sample solutions through either a column of Ni(OH) 2 or a nickelated cation-exchange resin (sulfonated). The resulting complex absorbs at 268 nm, thereby permitting spectrophotometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation. Using a C 18 column with an eluent comprising 5 mM tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in 35% (v/v) acetonitrile and a flow-rate of 0.7 ml min -l , linear calibration curves were obtained over the range 5.10 -4 to 5.10 -6 (six points, five trials at each concentration) ; a correlation coefficient of 0.999 was obtained. The detection limit using the 99% confidence level as the criterion was 0.08 mg l -1 . The response was independent of ionic strength over a wide range, and less than 5% suppression of the signal occurred when various transition metals at the 10 μM level were added. An interference by Fe 3+ was seen when the sample was mixed with the nickelated resin in a batch experiment, but using the pre-column reactor, the suppression was less than 5%. Sulfide caused strong interference, requiring its removal by a chemical step.
The A‐9: A Program for Drafting Security Agreements Under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code

This article describes and evaluates a computer program for drafting the security agreements and related documents required by Article 9 of the Uni- form Commercial Code to create and perfect security interests in consumer goods and equipment. The authors suggest that such computer applications have great promise and invite further such research.
Teaching and Learning with Computers: A Classroom Analysis:

This article reports on the findings of a follow-up study to an earlier article “Computer-Based At-Risk Instructional Model,” which was published in Volume 20, Number 2, 1991–92 of this journal. Th...
Integrating multiple wilderness values into a decision-making model for Denali National Park and Preserve.

Abstract Decisions about how to manage wilderness recreation in Denali National Park and Preserve require managers to integrate a diverse set of public values, a process that typically involves balancing tradeoffs among multiple and often competing values. While decisions about how to manage wilderness are often contentious, previous research suggests that if managers are able to predict public support for various management alternatives the decisions become more tractable. This study develops a decision-making model that integrates social, resource, and managerial values associated with the Denali wilderness experience. Specifically, stated choice analysis is used to evaluate the choices overnight wilderness visitors make when faced with hypothetical tradeoffs among the conditions of social, resource, and management attributes of the Denali wilderness. Study findings offer an empirical approach for predicting and evaluating the likelihood of public support for Denali wilderness management alternatives.
WISTA: a wireless telemedicine system for disaster patient care

In this paper, we introduce a low-cost and easy-to-deploy wireless telemedicine system, denoted WISTA, that can assist on-site patient care during disasters. The proposed system facilitates real-time transfer of multimedia data from video cameras, sensors, medical images and text from multiple disaster sites to the control center of the disaster area. WISTA enables disaster managers to obtain patients' status information in real-time from the entire disaster site, which can assist the timely diagnosis as well as the treatment of patients. Moreover, the disaster managers in the control center can remotely control the information sent from the individual disaster sites. The proposed system uses a hierarchical architecture which allows scalable implementation. For dense disaster areas, a layered structure is applied to support information dissemination from s large number of patients. We have implemented the system prototype over a wireless channel and successfully demonstrated simultaneous transmission of video, sensor information, medical images and text from multiple sites to the control center. In addition, the scalability of the system is evaluated using OPNET simulation. Both experiments validate our system design.
Analysis of the comparative responses of SMEI and LASCO

Surface-brightness responses of the SOHO-LASCO C3 coronagraph and of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) are compared, using measurements of a selection of bright stars that have been observed in both instruments. Seventeen stars are selected that are brighter than 4.5 magnitudes, are not known variables, and do not have a neighboring bright star. Comparing observations of these determines a scaling relationship between surface-brightness measurements from one instrument to those from the other. We discuss units of surface brightness for the two instruments, and estimate a residual uncertainty for the present scaling relationship.
Issues and opportunities in the regulation of home health care

Recent federal legislation established a Certificate of Need (CON) process by which health care providers must receive state approval before building or renovating a facility, or adding a new service. Certainly, strict regulation of cost and quality of home health care is needed, but it is asserted that CON is an ineffective way of organizing the delivery of services and limiting costs, and furthermore, that CON is biased in favor of institutionally-based providers and maintenance of the status quo. The authors feel that vested interests have a history of trying to use earlier state CON regulations to control their turf, limit competition, and consequently stifle innovation. Home health care should be incorporated into national health planning goals and integrated into state and regional health plans. Such planning must precede CON regulations and should not be confused with it. Alternatives to CON can achieve quality service and moderate costs and include licensing of personnel, standards for provider accreditation, and utilization review. Planning for these alternatives should begin now to avoid fragmented expansion of home health care. Evidence suggests a comprehensive use of home health care as a cost-effective alternative for many levels of care given in hospitals and nursing homes.
A recursive algorithm for computing the distribution of the number of successes in higher-order Markovian trials

This paper presents a recursive method of computing the distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of binary trials that are Markovian of a general order. Waiting-time distributions are also obtained. Recurrence relations among probabilities of partitioned events are used to compute the desired probabilities. An advantage of computing the probabilities in the manner given is that the algorithm may be easily programmed on a computer, requiring no computer algebra system, as in computation based on conditional probability generating functions. The difference between calculated probabilities for various model orders emphasizes the importance of selecting a proper model order for a Markovian data set.
Constancy of physiological dead space during high-frequency ventilation

Abstract A ventilator, specially designed to allow the direct measurement of expired gas volume and composition, was used to maintain gas exchange in anesthetized, paralyzed, New Zealand White rabbits at ventilatory frequencies up to 22 Hz. A total of eleven studies were carried out on seven animals. Determinations of the minute ventilation required to maintain a normal steady-state P CO 2 , together with the F e CO 2 and arterial P O 2 , P CO 2 , and pH, were made at a number of frequencies. The results so obtained were used to calculate the physiological dead space. It was found this value remained remarkably constant for each individual rabbit over a range of ventilatory frequencies from 1 to 22 Hz. Our findings in rabbits are in contrast to those of other workers (in dogs) that adequate gas exchange can be maintained at high ventilatory frequencies with the use of tidal volumes much smaller than the volume of anatomical dead space.