cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Just under 1% of adults living in the community in England are estimated to have autism spectrum disorders.

### Question What is the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adults in England, and what are the characteristics of adults with ASD? ### Population 7461 adults (age 16 years or older) living in the community. Participants were members of private households sampled for the third national Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England. To select households for participation, post code sectors were first stratified by socioeconomic status, then further stratified based on proportions of adults in non-manual labour jobs and proportion of households without a motor vehicle as reported in 2001 census data. Postal code sectors were sampled from each stratum, yielding 519 selected postal code sectors. From each of these selected sectors, 28 addresses were randomly selected. Households with at least one person older than 16 years were eligible. Of these 14 532 addresses, 13 171 met eligibility criteria. Of the eligible households, 7461 agreed to participate (57% response rate). Survey data were weighted such that the results were representative of age, sex, region and area characteristics of the household population 16 years or older in England. ### Setting General community dwelling population, England; 2007. ### Assessment A three-phase assessment process was then used to identify individuals with ASD. A subset of …
When Should the Stone Patient Be Evaluated?: Early Evaluation of Single Stone Formers

Nephrolithiasis is a common disease, associated with high morbidity in terms of hospitalization and surgery, and probably low, but nonetheless present, mortality. Evaluation is low in risk to the patient, is probably cost-effective, and nearly always reveals one or more abnormalities which, when specifically treated, will alter the natural history of the disease process.
Compensating for Light Soaking Effects in Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulators Incorporating A-Si:H Photodiodes

We characterize the effects of light soaking on optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs) incorporating a-Si:H photodiodes and relate these effects to the light-induced degradation observed in the photodiodes. After illuminating the OASLMs with white light for up to 100 hours, the rise time of the OASLM optical response decreases, the fall time increases, and the undesirable modulation in the absence of write light (electrical modulation) also increases. We were able to compensate for these effects and approximately restore the original optical transfer characteristics by applying a dc offset voltage across the device. The results can be interpreted by considering series resistance changes in the a-Si:H photodiode.
Competitive Binding of Cations to Duplex DNA Revealed through Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The concept of "ion atmosphere" is prevalent in both theoretical and experimental studies of nucleic acid systems, yet the spatial arrangement and the composition of ions in the ion atmosphere remain elusive, in particular when several ionic species (e.g., Na(+), K(+), and Mg(2+)) compete to neutralize the charge of a nucleic acid polyanion. Complementing the experimental study of Bai and co-workers (J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007, 129, 14981), here we characterize ion atmosphere around double-stranded DNA through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that our improved parametrization of the all-atom model can quantitatively reproduce the experimental ion-count data. Our simulations determine the size of the ion atmosphere, the concentration profiles of ionic species competing to neutralize the DNA charge, and the sites of the cations' preferential binding at the surface of double-stranded DNA. We find that the effective size of the ion atmosphere depends on both the bulk concentration and valence of ions: increasing either reduces the size of the atmosphere. Near DNA, the concentration of Mg(2+) is strongly enhanced compared to monovalent cations. Within the DNA grooves, the relative concentrations of cations depend on their bulk values. Nevertheless, the total charge of competing cations buried in the DNA grooves is constant and compensates for about ~30% of the total DNA charge.
An evaluation of total starch and starch gelatinization methodologies in pelleted animal feed

Citation: Zhu, L., Jones, C., Guo, Q., Lewis, L., Stark, C. R., & Alavi, S. (2016). An evaluation of total starch and starch gelatinization methodologies in pelleted animal feed. Journal of Animal Science, 94(4), 1501-1507. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9822
Los trastornos bipolares hoy: más allá del DSM–5

Los trastornos bipolares constituyen un complejo grupo de enfermedades mentales recurrentes que presentan una alta prevalencia en la poblacion general. Las clasificaciones actuales, como el ICD–10 y el DSM–5, constituyen un avance significativo para su correcta identificacion. Sin embargo, aun existe una prolongada latencia en su diagnostico correcto. En el presente trabajo se describen las caracteristicas clinicas mas distintivas de estas enfermedades, y se discuten los conceptos generales del espectro bipolar, los estados mixtos, las diferencias entre la depresion unipolar y bipolar, y los criterios clinicos diferenciales con otros trastornos mentales.
THE RUSSIAN CONDITION IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

The previous chapter established that Russia has failed to democratize; the current one begins to address why. It grapples with the problem by examining the determinants of political regime on a global scale. The major hypotheses found in the literature on democracy's determinants are considered. The simple logic of causal inference introduced in the first chapter obtains here and throughout the book. If the cross-national analysis shows that a given variable does not affect political regime in global perspective, that variable's status as a determinant of political regime in Russia will be placed in doubt. If additional investigation that focuses on Russia suggests that the variable probably has little impact in that country as well, the hypothesis that the variable is responsible for Russia's democratic deficit will be discarded. If a variable has causal force on a global scale, I assume that it might be important in Russia. If Russia is an outlier in the larger global picture, and is atypical in a manner that suggests that the variable is not important in Russia, the variable will not be considered an important determinant of political regime in Russia. If the variable is a good predictor of regime type and Russia is not an outlier, it will be considered a potentially important determinant of conditions in Russia. It will then be subjected to further scrutiny with specific attention to Russia.
Effect of surface loading on the hydro-mechanical response of a tunnel in saturated ground

Abstract The design of underground spaces in urban areas must account not only for the current overburden load but also for future surface loads, such as from construction of high-rise buildings above underground structures. In saturated ground, the surface load will generate an additional mechanical response through stress changes and ground displacement, as well as a hydraulic response through pore pressure changes. These hydro-mechanical (H-M) changes can severely influence tunnel stability. This paper examines the effect of surface loading on the H-M response of a typical horseshoe-shaped tunnel in saturated ground. Two tunnel models were created in the computer code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC). One model represented weak and low permeability ground (stiff clay), and the other represented strong and high permeability ground (weathered granite). Each of the models was run under two liner permeabilities: permeable and impermeable. Two main cases were compared. In Case 1, the surface load was applied 10 years after tunnel construction. In Case 2, the surface load was applied after the steady state pore pressure condition was achieved. The simulation results show that tunnels with impermeable liners experienced the most severe influence from the surface loading, with high pore pressures, large inward displacement around the tunnels, and high bending moments in the liner. In addition, the severity of the response increased toward steady state. This induced H-M response was worse for tunnels in clay than for those in granite. Furthermore, the long-term liner stabilities in Case 1 and Case 2 were similar, indicating that the influence of the length of time between when the tunnel was completed and when the surface load was applied was negligible. These findings suggest that under surface loading, in addition to the ground strength, tunnel stability in saturated ground is largely influenced by liner permeability and the long-term H-M response of the ground.
Spatial trajectories and convergence to traveling fronts for bistable reaction-diffusion equations

We consider the semilinear parabolic equation $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} u_{t} = u_{xx} + f(u),\qquad x \in \mathbb{R},\ t > 0,& &{}\end{array}$$ (1) where f is a bistable nonlinearity. It is well known that for a large class of initial data, the corresponding solutions converge to traveling fronts. We give a new proof of this classical result as well as some generalizations. Our proof uses a geometric method, which makes use of spatial trajectories \(\{(u(x,t),u_{x}(x,t)): x \in \mathbb{R}\}\) of solutions of (1).
Determinants of Emerging Market Crises: The Role of U.S. Monetary Policy

This paper examines the role of U.S. monetary policy in determining the incidence of emerging market crises. A negative binomial count model and a panel logit model are estimated to analyze the determinants of currency crises, banking crises, and sovereign defaults in a group of 27 emerging economies. The estimation results suggest that the probability of crises is substantially higher (1) when the federal funds rate is above its natural level, (2) during Fed policy tightening cycles, and (3) when market participants are surprised by signals that the Fed will tighten policy faster than previously expected. The findings point to a heightened risk of emerging market crises in the coming years as the Fed continues to normalize interest rates.
Rome Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

The Rome criteria, although initially being considered mostly a research tool, have now crossed into the realm of clinical relevance. The goal of the criteria is to give caregivers and older patients information, reassurance, and support, and to avoid unnecessary testing. For the provider, they also allow for a positive diagnosis, better research and clinical trials, and consequently better treatment strategies. Another important question that needs to be addressed is how to prevent FGIDs from becoming a chronic severe debilitating condition and thus decrease their overall impact. Current evidence suggests that the primary care physician and the pediatric gastroenterologist are well positioned to provide effective care, reassure parents, and avoid unnecessary testing.
Exercise Training for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease and Caregivers: A Review of Dyadic Exercise Interventions

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the prevalence will increase dramatically in the next decades. Although exercise has shown benefits for people with dementia due to AD as well as their caregivers, the impact of a dyadic exercise intervention including both groups as study participants remains to be determined. The authors review the current clinical evidence for dyadic exercise interventions, which are exercise regimens applied to both the person with dementia and the caregiver. A total of 4 controlled trials were reviewed. This review shows that dyadic exercise interventions are feasible and may produce a positive effect on functional independence and caregiver burden. However, there was insufficient evidence to support a benefit of dyadic exercise intervention on cognitive performance and on behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in participants with dementia due to AD. A dyadic exercise intervention improves functional independence and caregiver burden. However, there is a need for well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials to confirm these benefits and to investigate several important points such as the effects of a dyadic exercise intervention on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes of AD, the optimal intensity of exercise training, and the cost effectiveness of such a program.
Correlation of Nasal Mucosal Temperature With Subjective Nasal Patency in Healthy Individuals.

ImportanceHistorically, otolaryngologists have focused on nasal resistance to airflow and minimum airspace cross-sectional area as objective measures of nasal obstruction using methods such as rhin...
Ice, Seals, and Guns: Late 19th-Century Alaska Native Commercial Sealing in Southeast Alaska

Starting in about 1870, indigenous residents of southeast Alaska intensified their traditional hunting of harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina richardii ) in order to produce surpluses of skins and oil for trade with the Alaska Commercial Company. The most important hunting ground was the head of Yakutat Bay, where thousands of seals were taken annually in June and July at the ice floe rookery near Hubbard Glacier and processed on shore at Keik’uliyaa sealing camp. Firearms obtained in trade were essential tools for mass harvesting. A multisource study of Keik’uliyaa and the historical ecology of 19th-century sealing at Yakutat was undertaken during 2011 and 2013 by the Smithsonian Institution in collaboration with the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe, employing oral history, archaeology, archival sources, and photographic documentation from the 1899 Harriman Alaska Expedition. Economic, social, and ecological dimensions of this historical mode of production are examined and compared with both earlier and later eras.
Cortical Functional Connectivity Evident After Birth and Behavioral Inhibition at Age 2

Objective:The infant temperament behavioral inhibition is a potent risk factor for development of an anxiety disorder. It is difficult to predict risk for behavioral inhibition at birth, however, and the neural underpinnings are poorly understood. The authors hypothesized that neonatal functional connectivity of the ventral attention network is related to behavioral inhibition at age 2 years beyond sociodemographic and familial factors. This hypothesis is supported by the ventral attention network’s role in attention to novelty, a key feature of behavioral inhibition.Method:Using a longitudinal design (N=45), the authors measured functional connectivity using MRI in neonates and behavioral inhibition at age 2 using the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Whole-brain connectivity maps were computed for regions from the ventral attention, default mode, and salience networks. Regression analyses related these maps to behavioral inhibition at age 2, covarying for sex, social risk, and motion durin...
41 Patterns of prior hospitalisation and arrest: a comparison of legal intervention firearm injuries to assault-related firearm injuries and motor vehicle injuries in seattle

Statement of purpose Legal intervention (LI) firearm injuries may occur after contact with both the legal and medical systems; examining arrest and medical records jointly may provide clearer information on risk markers for such injuries. We examined whether LI shooting victims differed from other firearm and non-firearm injury victims in their prior contacts with the legal and medical systems. Methods We probabilistically linked 2010–2014 fatal and non-fatal LI and assault-related firearm injuries and unintentional motor vehicle crash (MVC) passenger injuries that either occurred in Seattle or were sustained by Seattle residents to statewide hospitalisation and arrest records. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the odds of arrest and hospitalisation for substance abuse or mental illness in the 2 years prior to injury among LI and assault-related firearm injury cases relative to MVC passenger injury controls, adjusting for age, race, and gender. Results We identified 31 LI and 442 assault-related firearm injuries, and 331 MVC passenger injuries. LI and assault-related cases were more likely than MVC controls to have a felony record (OR=6.34; 95% CI: 2.29–17.53 and OR=4.26; 95% CI: 2.39–7.59, respectively). LI cases were more likely than MVC controls to have a conduct-related (OR=22.01; 95% CI: 1.44–335.93) or psychosis diagnosis (OR=5.37; 95% CI: 1.12–25.83). LI cases were more likely than assault-related cases to have a substance abuse (OR=3.91; 95% CI: 1.14–13.47) or mental illness hospitalisation (OR=3.44; 95% CI: 1.02–11.54). Conclusion The burden of past arrest and substance abuse and mental illness hospitalisation was greater among LI firearm injury victims than among individuals with firearm assault or MVC passenger injuries. Significance Joint review of arrest and medical records can differentiate LI firearm injury victims from victims with other injuries. Legal intervention firearm injury prevention strategies can be tailored using these patterns.
Should hut lung be called domestically acquired particulate lung disease or domestically acquired pneumoconiosis

Indoor air pollution appears to be a major environmental and public health hazard for large numbers of the underdeveloped world's population. A detailed environmental history is important for making diagnosis in most individuals from foreign rural settings with nonspecific respiratory symptoms. In this report, we describe an illustrative case of domestically acquired particulate lung disease (DAPLD) or "hut lung" in a 65-year-old Sudanese male who immigrated to the United States in 1986. He presented with symptoms of chronic productive cough and dyspnea. Imaging and pathology from transbronchial cryo biopsy revealed anthracosis consistent with DAPLD. This case demonstrates persistence of physiologic, radiographic, and histopathologic abnormalities years after removal from exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of DAPLD reported from Sudan.
Kangaroo Mother Care in Colombia: A Subaltern Health Innovation against For-profit Biomedicine

This ethnographic study presents the origins, growth, and collapse of the first Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) program, a well-established practice for neonatal care created in 1978 in Colombia. The WHO and UNICEF praised this zero-cost revolutionary technique for its promotion of skin-to-skin contact between premature and low-birth-weight newborns and family members. KMC facilitates early hospital discharge, brings many clinical and psychological benefits, and constitutes an excellent alternative to placing babies in incubators. However, these benefits and political potential against biomedical interventions were undermined after being relabeled as a "reverse innovation," a business concept that encourages corporate investments in low-income countries to develop technologies that can both solve global health problems and boost multinational corporations profits. In response, I propose "subaltern health innovations" as a label for KMC that accounts for the power dynamics in global health between health care initiatives that originate in the Global South and neoliberal configurations of for-profit biomedicine.
Technical Note: An approach to building a Monte Carlo simulation model for a double scattering proton beam system

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and develop a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model for a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system based on limited information of the mechanical components. METHOD We built a virtual machine source model (VMSM) which included a detailed definition of each beam-modifying component in the nozzle. Conceptually, it is similar to the conventional virtual analytical source model (VASM), except that the numerical machine nozzle or beamline is constructed in the VMSM, whereas in the VASM analytical parameters characterizing the energy spectrum and source fluence distribution are sought. All major beam shaping components were included in the VMSM and the model simulates interactions of the beam with a rotating range modulation wheel (RMW) combined with the beam current modulation. The RMWs, the first and second scatterer in the system were generated and tuned to reproduce measurement data as closely as possible. To validate the model, we compared the percent depth dose curves, spread out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) and lateral profiles against measured commissioning beam data. RESULTS The agreement of beam range between the MC calculation and measurement was within 1 mm for all beam options. The distal-falloff length was in good agreement as well (<1 mm for the large and deep groups, <1.5 mm for the small group). Agreement to within 2.5 mm of measured SOBP widths was obtained for all MC calculations. For lateral profiles, differences were found to be less than 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that with limited geometrical information it is possible to build an acceptable source model for MC simulations of a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system. The agreement between the measurements and the MC model provides validation for use of the model for further studies of the dosimetric effects in patient treatments.
Metastatic Potential: Generic Predisposition of the Primary Tumor or Rare, Metastatic Variants—Or Both?

Metastasis is a rare event. Does it arise from rare, variant, highly metastatic cells or does a primary tumor progress to a premalignant state from which metastases arise stochastically without further changes in gene expression? Arguments and evidence have been adduced to support either position. A paper in this month's Cancer Cell (Kang et al., 2003) and other arguments instead suggest models combining features of both.
Stepping Outside the Box: Perceptions of Judges and Attorneys of the Drug Court

The drug treatment court (DTC) was developed as a response to the ineffectiveness of the traditional criminal justice response to addiction. In an effort to increase program retention and completion, a southeast Missouri DTC has implemented a conferencing program as a pilot project. The program utilizes family members, employers and community volunteers who engage the offender in a conferencing scenario in which the impact of the offenders' drug addiction is discussed. This paper is a qualitative study of the perceptions of the program held by the drug court judges and the prosecuting and defense attorneys.
The Inadequate Disclosure of Business Conducted in Countries Designated as State Sponsors of Terrorism

U.S. investors unknowingly may invest in companies with business operations in countries the U.S. Department of State designates as State Sponsors of Terrorism (SSTs), currently Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria. In most circumstances, U.S. companies are prohibited from doing business in SSTs. However, such U.S. sanctions generally do not apply directly either to foreign companies or to foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies. If a company is organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction that does not sanction an SST, then that company may conduct business in the SST. That company, or its parent, may also raise capital in U.S. markets. A well functioning disclosure regime could both reduce opportunities for regulatory arbitrage and strengthen U.S. efforts to isolate SSTs through economic sanctions. Although the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) lacks authority to prevent foreign companies from doing business in SSTs, the SEC may require such companies to disclose their business if they offer securities in U.S. public markets. Whether business activities must be disclosed often depends on whether the information is “material”. Courts have approached the question of whether a particular business activity is “material” by asking whether there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would find the information significant. Business in or with an SST would likely be significant to a reasonable investor, i.e. it would be material and therefore should be disclosed by the company. As an empirical matter, however, disclosure of operations in or with SSTs has been limited. Review of company filings indicates that many companies are not disclosing their operations in or with SSTs. Even when companies disclose the existence of such operations, substantive information about the nature and extent of operations is often withheld. In correspondence between non-disclosing companies and the SEC, companies often argue that their operations are not material because they represent a small percentage of overall revenue. This approach to materiality is both reductive and inconsistent with Supreme Court articulations of the standard. As a result of the narrow interpretation of materiality used by many reporting companies, their disclosure may be inadequate and their conduct may not be disciplined by public scrutiny. U.S. investors unwittingly may support activities that are contrary to U.S. security policy, and that would be illegal for the investor, as a U.S. person, to undertake directly.
Basic Mechanisms of Laser Action on Living Tissue

For those who work in laser technology in fields of laser physics, communication, drilling and welding, it may be of interest to remind them that the effects of the laser on living tissue are quite different. A high energy ruby laser can put a large hole in a copper sheet and then produce only a superficial charring of a large wart on the knee of a patient. Even in the early days of laser research, a focussed beam of a low energy laser was able to make a hole in a razor blade and yet the same energy density had no effect on the normal Caucasian skin of the forearm.
Asymptotic Descriptions of Defect Excitations

Within the wide variety of elementary excitations of defect solids those referred to as “resonances” or “localized” modes are particularly interesting and occur frequently. Theoretical methods have been developed for handling the defect excitation problem generally; the Green’s function approach is particularly useful and has been applied to defect vibrations, localized moments, and localized electronic excitations. The input to these theoretical analyses range from parameterized models to actual experimental lattice dispersion or band data. But frequently certain asymptotic features appear independently of the model details. For example, in the defect vibration case both localized and resonance modes seem to have many of the features of a simple Einstein oscillator. It is the purpose of the present remarks to indicate how this arises. The method has developed from previous work, particularly in collaboration with M. Wagner and with J. A. D. Matthew, (1) it is similar to that of Okazaki et. al. (2) The results are not only pedagogical but also may be used for numerical estimates. For simplicity only defect lattice vibrations in the harmonic approximation are discussed here. The extension to other systems is apparent. (2)
Thermal conductivity of InN with point defects from first principles

We present ab initio calculations of thermal conductivity of InN with vacancies and substitutional defects using a full solution of the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation. Our parameter-free calculations are in good agreement with experimental measurements demonstrating the predictive power of this approach. Phonon-defect scattering rates are computed from a Green's function methodology that is nonperturbative and includes interatomic force constant variance induced near the defects. Restricting calculations to first-order perturbation approaches can overestimate optic phonon scattering rates by nearly three orders of magnitude. On the other hand, neglecting the force variance weakens the scattering rates by about an order of magnitude, mostly in the low-frequency region below 2 THz. This work elucidates important properties of phonon-defect scattering in thermal transport and demonstrates the predictive power of the coupling of Peierls-Boltzmann transport, Green's function methods, and density functional theory.
Leadership analysis and political psychology in the 21st century

The election of President Trump has led to interest in his mental health and has resulted in heightened scrutiny regarding the American Psychiatric Association's Goldwater Rule, with its prohibition on opining psychiatrically on the mental health of public figures whom one has not examined in person. This article highlights the historic, methodological, forensic, and ethics challenges regarding psychiatric approaches to leadership analysis, and how these can offer policy makers options regarding national security decision-making.
Associations of Nut Intakes with Incident Sporadic Colorectal Adenoma: A Pooled Case-Control Study.

Introduction Consumption of nuts, which contain multiple anti-carcinogenic components, has been inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly among women, but has not been investigated in relation to colorectal adenoma, the immediate precursor to most CRCs. Methods We pooled data from three case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 785 cases, 2107 controls) in which dietary intakes were assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and analyzed the data using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Results Among men and women combined, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of total nut product (all nuts and peanut butter combined) intakes, for those who consumed 0.5-1.5, 2.0-5.5, and ≥6 servings/week relative to no nut consumption were 0.81 (0.58, 1.12), 0.86 (0.61, 1.23), and 0.93 (0.65, 1.31), respectively. However, among women, the corresponding ORs and 95% CIs were 0.62 (0.40, 0.97), 0.57 (0.35, 0.94), and 0.78 (0.48, 1.25), respectively. Conclusions These results suggest that moderate nut consumption may be associated with lower risk for colorectal adenoma, primarily among women.
The psychological consequence of thinking about time in terms of money

Putting a monetary price on time can have powerful psychological consequences. I review the recent literature examining the psychological consequences of thinking about time in terms of money and the role organizational practices play in highlighting this connection in people’s lives. Over a decade of research shows payment practices highlighting the time/money connection have implications for how people make decisions to trade their free time to earn more money, volunteer their time, and socialize with their colleagues off the job. Given the proliferation of hourly payment as well as the larger gig economy, there is a clear need for future research to ascertain the consequences for individual’s happiness and the spillover between work and non-work spheres.
Construction of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus with Therapeutic Genes of Interest

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most extensively studied oncolytic virus platforms. The recent FDA approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) has been accelerating translational research of oncolytic HSV (oHSV) as a promising therapeutic for refractory cancers such as glioblastoma, the deadliest primary malignancy in the brain. The large genome size of HSV readily allows arming of oHSV by incorporating therapeutic transgenes within the virus, as exemplified by T-VEC carrying GM-CSF, thereby enhancing the anticancer activity of oHSV. Here we describe a bacterial artificial chromosome-based method for construction of an oHSV expressing a transgene, which we routinely use in the laboratory to create a number of different recombinant oHSV bearing either therapeutic or reporter genes.
A Nonuniform Sparse 2-D Large-FOV Optical Phased Array With a Low-Power PWM Drive

Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) capable of adaptive beamforming and beam steering enable a wide range of applications. For many of these applications, a large scale 2-D OPA with full phase control for each radiating element is essential to achieve a functional low-cost solution. However, the scalability of such OPAs has been hampered by the optical feed distribution difficulties in a planar photonics process, as well as the high power consumption associated with having a large number of phase control units. In this paper, we present a two-chip solution low-power scalable OPA with a nonuniform sparse aperture, providing radiation pattern adjustment and feed distribution feasibility in a CMOS compatible silicon photonics process. The demonstrated OPA with a 128-element aperture achieves the highest reported grating-lobe-free field-of-view (FOV)-to-beamwidth ratio of 16°/0.8°, which is equivalent to a 484-element uniform array. This translates to at least 400 resolvable spots, 30 times more than the state-of-the-art 2-D OPAs. Moreover, by utilizing compact phase shifters in a row–column power delivery grid, we reduce the number of required drivers from 144 to 37. A high-swing pulsewidth modulation (PWM) driving circuit featuring breakdown voltage multipliers and soft turn-on activation significantly reduces the power consumption of the system. The electronic driver chip and the integrated photonic chip are fabricated on a 65-nm CMOS process and a thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) silicon photonics process, occupying 1.7 mm2 and 2.08 mm2 of active area, respectively.
Electronic cigarettes and nicotine harm-reduction.

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDs) use has increased in prevalence over the last decade, which has led to questions about their public health impact. In this article, we explore the emergent research on the relative health effects of using ENDs versus combustible cigarettes, whether ENDs can be utilized to promote nicotine cessation, and whether the advent of ENDs’ may lead to an increase in nicotine use and dependence. Extant research on ENDs’ acute health effects find them to be lesser than use of combustible cigarettes. ENDs do not appear to be efficacious as an immediate cessation aid, and may be a ‘gateway’ to adolescent nicotine use. However, in the absence of longitudinal research, a determination of ENDs as a nicotine harm-reduction approach is premature.
Diabetes Risk Assessment, A1C Measurement, and Goal Achievement of Standards of Care in Adults Experiencing Homelessness:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore diabetes in adults experiencing homelessness by evaluating diabetes risk, A1C measurement, and achievement of the goals of the American Diabetes Asso...
Making Homes Unhomely: The Politics of Displacement in a Gentrifying Neighborhood in Chicago:

Scholars have long debated the causes, processes, and effects of displacement by gentrification in global north cities and more recently around the world. Based on an ethnographic study in Chicago'...
Patient education in an ambulatory surgical center setting.

Advancements in surgical technology over the past decade have resulted in the ability to perform complex surgical procedures on the spine with decreased morbidity and advanced recovery. With an increased national focus on decreasing health expenditures, spine surgery has been particularly highlighted as having potential to make significant changes in the current landscape (1). This has resulted in a recent push towards further streamlining various spine procedures in an effort to decrease postoperative pain, minimize narcotic use, promote faster recovery, and decrease complications without compromising the quality of the procedure performed. Minimally invasive techniques have the potential to pave the way for surgeons to execute safe and effective procedures directed at achieving these goals. In partnership with anesthesiologists, the door has been opened for a number of spine surgeries to be performed in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC) setting.
Remote Ischemic Pre-Conditioning Attenuates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Mortality Following Doxorubicin Administration in Mice

Abstract Objectives Because of its multifaceted cardioprotective effects, remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) was examined as a strategy to attenuate doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity. Background The use of DOX is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagy modulation have been proposed as mediators of DOX cardiotoxicity. Methods After baseline echocardiography, adult male CD1 mice were randomized to either sham or RIPC protocol (3 cycles of 5 min femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min reperfusion) 1 h before receiving DOX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The mice were observed primarily for survival over 85 days (86 mice). An additional cohort of 50 mice was randomized to either sham or RIPC 1 h before DOX treatment and was followed for 25 days, at which time cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were assessed, as well as the expression profiles of apoptosis and autophagy markers. Results Survival was significantly improved in the RIPC cohort compared with the sham cohort (p = 0.007). DOX-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis were significantly attenuated with RIPC compared with sham (p Conclusions Our preclinical results suggested that RIPC before DOX administration might be a promising approach for attenuating DOX cardiotoxicity.
Numerous Applications of Fiber Optic Evanescent Wave Fourier Transform Infrared (FEW–FTIR) Spectroscopy for Surface and Subsurface Structural Analysis

A new infrared (IR) interferometric method has been developed in conjunction with low-loss, flexible optical fibers, sensors, and probes. This combination of fiber optical sensors and Fourier Transform (FT) spectrometers can be applied to many fields, including: (i) noninvasive medical diagnostics of cancer and other different diseases in vivo; (ii) minimally invasive bulk diagnostics of tissue; (iii) remote monitoring of tissue, chemical processes, and environment; (iv) surface analysis of polymers and other materials; (v) characterization of the quality of food, pharmacological products, cosmetics, paper, and other wood-related products, as well as (vi) agricultural, forensic, geological, mining, and archeological field measurements. In particular, our nondestructive, fast, compact, portable, remote, and highly sensitive diagnostics tools are very promising for subsurface analysis at the molecular level without sample preparation. For example, this technique is ideal for different types of soft porous foams, rough polymers, and rock surfaces. Such surfaces, as well as living tissue, are difficult to investigate by traditional FTIR methods. We present here FEW–FTIR spectra of polymers, banana and grapefruit peels, and living tissues detected directly at surfaces. In addition, results on the vibrational spectral analysis of normal and pathological skin tissue in the wavenumber region 850–4000cm−1 are discussed.
Curvilinear Antennas Above a Spherical HIS

A novel artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground plane with spherical curvature is proposed. The metallic patches used to form the high impedance surface (HIS) ground plane are of circular periodicity. A detailed description on the design procedure and reflection phase characterization of such ground planes is provided. The impact of the curvature on the reflection characteristics and the maximum curvature which can be applied to the flat HIS are also examined. Two curvilinear antenna elements (loop and spiral) are located above the designed ground plane, and their performances are compared when the two are placed on a flat HIS. Measurements are performed to validate the simulations. An excellent agreement is attained.
The role of cation-chloride co-transporters in cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities and SUDEP

Abstract Cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs) establish and maintain the chloride gradient across the plasma membrane of a broad number of cell types, including central and peripheral neurons, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and others. CCC function plays a critical role in establishing the polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling, whether inhibitory or excitatory, thus governing the effects of synaptic transmission in the majority of tissues and organs within the body. CCC function and expression is altered in multiple pathological states, including hypertension, heart failure, and epilepsy, and variants in CCC genes have been linked to multiple forms of human disease. In epilepsy, CCCs and CCC regulation of GABAergic signaling may offer a novel means to investigate mechanisms underlying sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which remain unresolved.
EFFECTS OF LATE CORD CLAMPING ON CEREBRAL AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS (VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT)

Aims To investigate the effects of late versus early cord clamping on systemic circulation and cerebral blood flow velocity in premature infants Subjects 34 neonates were studied 4 h after caesarean section. In 18 neonates (birth weight 1240 ± 290 g; gestational age 30.0 ± 2 weeks) the umbilical cords were clamped after 30 s and the infants were placed 30 cm below placenta level (late CC), and in 16 (1231 ± 350 g; 28.6 ± 2 weeks) the cords were clamped immediately (early CC). Volume expansion (serum or plasma) were given to keep the mean blood pressure (MBP) >30 mm Hg. Methods MBP (mm Hg), left ventricular output (LVO, ml/kg per minute), mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the arteria carotis interna (ACI, m/s; Doppler ultrasound), haemoglobin (g/dl), and haematocrit (%) were measured. Systemic and cerebral haemoglobin transport (HbT), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR; mm Hg/kg per minute) were estimated. Statistics: Unpaired* t test. Results (4 h after birth). Parameter: early CC versus late CC, *p value. MBP 36 ± 4 versus 44 ± 7, p = 0.03; LVO 241 ± 38 versus 245 ± 25, NS; ACI 0.16 ± 0.03 versus 0.20 ± 0.05, NS; SVR 123 ± 40 versus 145 ± 30, p = 0.05; haematocrit 0.46 ± 0.4 versus 0.55 ± 0.5, p = 0.02; cerebral HbT 7.4 ± 1.8 versus 11.1 ± 4.1, p = 0.04; systemic HbT 154 ± 27 versus 181 ± 24, p = 0.05. Conclusions Late cord clamping improves MBP, SVR, haemoglobin, systemic and cerebral HbT in prematures
More than Dollars for Scholars The Impact of the Dell Scholars Program on College Access, Persistence, and Degree Attainment

Socioeconomic inequalities in college completion have widened over time. A critical question is how to support low-income and first-generation students to achieve college success. We investigate one effort, the Dell Scholars Program, which provides a combination of financial support and individualized advising to selected students who attend institutions throughout the United States. Using two quasi-experimental analytic strategies, regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences with a matched comparison sample, we find consistent evidence that being selected as a Dell Scholar leads to substantially higher rates of bachelor'sdegree completion within six years, as well improvements on multiple other measures of college success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
A Brittle Status Quo in the South China Sea

This chapter argues that the South China Sea disputes have entered an important new phase defined by several mutually reinforcing trends. First, China’s completion of most major infrastructure at its artificial island bases in the Spratly Islands has since the end of 2017 allowed it to project power short of military force in a continuous manner throughout the entirety of the South China Sea. For its neighbors, this mostly means a persistent and overwhelming presence by the China Coast Guard and maritime militia which have engaged in increasingly brazen acts of intimidation. Second, Beijing has managed to defang any threat of multilateral diplomatic pressure. And third, those parties still interested in pushing back on Chinese assertiveness—primarily Vietnam and external actors like Australia, Japan, the United States, and some European countries—have been unable to regain the initiative they held briefly in 2015–2016 when international opinion swung decidedly against Beijing due to its island-building campaign and the Philippines’ arbitration case. The chapter concludes with an examination of how the United States and partners could alter these dynamics through a coalition-based campaign to impose diplomatic and economic costs on Beijing.
ChemoPalRx-A Mobile App That Enhances Chemotherapy Prescription Accuracy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSEChemoPalRx is a novel provider order entry mobile application for chemotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of prescribing chemotherapy using ChemoPalRx versus handwritten order...
A Case of anti-MOG Associated Disease Presenting With Palatal Myoclonus And Extensive Bilateral Cortical-Based Inflammation (942)

Objective: NA Background: Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with diverse manifestations of central nervous system autoimmunity. The cardinal clinicoradiologic manifestations include acute optic neuritis, TM, ADEM, and NMOSD. A cortically-based encephalitis is a rare manifestation of MOG-associated Disease, and is typically unilateral. Here we report an atypical case of a young female presenting with palatal myoclonus and bilateral multifocal cortical-based inflammation, and high serum titers of anti-MOG-IgG. Design/Methods: A 29 year old African American female developed palatal/oral trembling with dysphagia, language difficulties, and gait instability. Her oral trembling was consistent with palatal myoclonus. MRI demonstrated bilateral, cortically based hyperintensities, in addition to multiple non-enhancing and enhancing lesions in the juxtacortical regions, brainstem and spine. CSF examination showed lymphocytic-predominant pleocytosis with mildly elevated protein and oligoclonal bands. Serum testing for MOG-IgG antibodies using a cell-based assay revealed markedly high titers that exceeded the upper limit of detection. A brief course of high dose intravenous steroids resulted in dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. The patient was subsequently started on CD-20 depleting maintenance therapy (Rituximab) with no clinical relapses at 8 month follow-up. Results: MRI findings before and after treatment available and may be displayed here. Conclusions: We present the first case description of palatal myoclonus in association with MOG antibodies. Anti-MOG-associated disease is an expanding entity with diverse clinical phenotypes involving the brain, brainstem, optic nerves and spinal cord. Description of atypical cases is pivotal to improving our understanding of the disease. Although characteristic clinical and radiologic accompaniments have been described, the diagnosis remains largely based upon the detection of MOG-antibodies using improved testing methods via cell-based assays. When faced with unusual cases of demyelinating pathology, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion for MOG-antibody disease, as prompt recognition and treatment can result in better outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Hashem has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blackburn has nothing to disclose.