cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishing a multivariate clinical laboratory data base.

A regional or hospital-based “reference” value study is well within the range of every clinical laboratory. A program is described that samples one to two “health” subjects each working day under tightly controlled conditions. Sixty-seven variables are tested simultaneously to provide univariate age and sex ranges, and variance/covariance matrices from which associated correlation coefficients are obtained. This ongoing “reference” value program offers essential information for both univariate and multivariate interpretations along with validation and quality control for certain methods within the clinical laboratory.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Primary and Tertiary Care: Differences and Similarities.

This study sought to identify child and parent characteristics differentiating children with recurrent abdominal pain seen by a pediatrician (RAP-Peds) from those seen by a gastroenterologist (RAP-GI). Children (7–10 years) and mothers in three groups (RAP-GI, RAP-Peds, and Controls) completed mother and child reports of child's functional disability, internalizing symptoms, and somatic complaints, and mother report of her anxiety and somatization. Child report did not differentiate groups. RAP mothers were more likely than Control mothers to focus on somatic complaints in themselves and their children. Mother report of child disability was strongly related to tertiary care for child's recurrent abdominal pain.
A new bathymodioline mussel symbiosis at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents

Until recently, the only major hydrothermal vent biogeographic province not known to include bathymodioline mussels was the spreading centers of the northeast Pacific, but deep-sea dives using DSV Alvin on the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47°56N 129°06W; ∼2,200 m depth) in August 1999 yielded the only recorded bathymodioline mytilids from these northeastern Pacific vents. One specimen in good condition was evaluated for its relatedness to other deep-sea bathymodioline mussels and for the occurrence of chemoautotrophic and/or methanotrophic symbionts in the gills. Phylogenetic analyses of the host cytochrome oxidase I gene show this mussel shares evolutionary alliances with hydrothermal vent and cold seep mussels from the genus Bathymodiolus, and is distinct from other known species of deep-sea bathymodiolines, suggesting this mussel is a newly discovered species. Ultrastructural analyses of gill tissue revealed the presence of coccoid bacteria that lacked the intracellular membranes observed in methanotrophic symbionts. The bacteria may be extracellular but poor condition of the fixed tissue complicated conclusions regarding symbiont location. A single gamma-proteobacterial 16S rRNA sequence was amplified from gill tissue and directly sequenced from gill tissue. This sequence clusters with other mussel chemoautotrophic symbiont 16S rRNA sequences, which suggests a chemoautotrophic, rather than methanotrophic, symbiosis in this mussel. Stable carbon (δ13C = −26.6%) and nitrogen (δ15N = +5.19%) isotope ratios were also consistent with those reported for other chemoautotroph-mussel symbioses. Despite the apparent rarity of these mussels at the Juan de Fuca vent sites, this finding extends the range of the bathymodioline mussels to all hydrothermal vent biogeographic provinces studied to date.
Development of a turbulence near-wall model and its application to separated and reattached flows

A numerical study is reported of flow and heat transfer in the separated and reattached flows created by an abrupt pipe expansion. In the study attention has been given primarily to the development of turbulence near-wall models based on the wall function. An efficient numerical method is also employed for the computation of high-velocity flows. The computed results are compared with experimental data obtained earlier. Generally, better results are obtained by employing the present near-wall models, and among them the three-layer model is superior to the two-layer one.
Social and Psychological Predictors of Adult Information Seeking and Media Use

This report of a survey (conducted in Fresno, California, in 1965) deals with channels chosen by adults for information about current events, their occupations, family activities, etc. The sixteen in formation channels belong to three broad classes: formal adult education, mass media, and other people. Multiple regression analyses show social and psychological predictors of channel pref erence. Percentages of use or participation are also presented within subgroups of respondents contrasted on strong predictors. It is found that each channel-especially the high-cost, high-yield channels like books and adult education-has a clearly profiled audience. Knowledge of these audience profiles will be useful to administrators of education and communication programs.
Who killed design?: addressing design through an interdisciplinary investigation

This extended abstract describes the grounding for an interdisciplinary discussion regarding the contemporary meaning of "Design","Designer", and "Designed" and the role it will play in the future of CHI and CHI-related disciplines.
The effects of hypophysectomy and temperature acclimation upon the metabolism of the central mudminnow, Umbra limi (Kirtland)

Abstract 1. 1. The time-course and pattern of thermal acclimation of the metabolic rate of hypophysectomized and sham-operated mudminnows ( Umbra limi ) were studied. 2. 2. Transfers to colder temperatures resulted in an initial decrease in metabolic rate followed by a return to pretransfer levels by day 16. 3. 3. Transfer to warmer temperatures resulted in an initial increase in metabolic rate which returned to the pretransfer level at temperatures up to 22°C. 4. 4. Hypophysectomy reduced oxygen consumption of mudminnows. 5. 5. Hypophysectomy had no effect on the time-course or degree of compensation following temperature transfers. 6. 6. It is concluded that pituitary hormones are not essential for thermal compensation in the mudminnow.
Sex drive, person perception, and marital choice

From the stimulus-value-role theory of marital choice, several hypotheses were derived relating to the relationship of person perception, sex drive, and marital choice. Subjects were two populations of premarital college couples who filled out questionnaires relating to sex drive and took two personality tests from different “perceptual sets.” It was predicted that couples in which the man had a high sex drive would show less perceptual compatibility, less accuracy in predicting the partner's responses, and less courtship progress than male-low-drive couples. No difference in perceived compatibility was predicted between highand low-drive women, but high-drive women were predicted to make better courtship progress. Last, discrepancies between members of a couple for sex drive were predicted to be associated with poor perceived compatibility and courtship progress. The hypotheses relating to male and female sex drive were generally supported, but those relating to couple discrepancy were only slightly supported.
Newsworthy accusations and the privilege of neutral reportage

In an effort to establish a workable standard of liability in libel suits, the judiciary may be well on its way to endorsing the tenets of objective reporting. As articulated by the Court of Appeals in Edwards v. National Audubon Society, the First Amendment protects the “accurate and disinterested” reporting of “newsworthy accusations”; in their role as impartial and uncritical reporters, journalists enjoy a privilege of neutral reportage. Unhappily, the courts’ support for such a privilege is likely to inhibit social inquiry and discourage journalists in their search for truth; for in practice, a privilege of neutral reportage encourages journalists to report facts truthfully without regard for the truth about the facts. Further, a privilege of neutral reportage reinforces prominence as a news value; consequently, it promotes an ideology which runs counter to the important democratic assumption that statements made by ordinary citizens are as valuable as statements made by the prominent and the elite. I...
The Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test: Normative Data Scores in Healthy Adults

Objective To investigate (1) the average hold time for the deep neck flexors (DNF) endurance test in subjects without neck pain or pathology, and (2) whether different groups of subjects categorized by age, gender, and lifestyle display different hold times. Design Normative research. Patients A convenience sample of 126 adults participated. Methods Intertester reliability of 4 therapists was evaluated by using intraclass correlation coefficients. The DNF endurance test hold time was conducted on each subject twice. The 2 hold-time scores were averaged and recorded. Results Inter-rater reliability coefficient of reproducibility for DNF muscle endurance measured by 4 physical therapists was ICC (2,k) 0.66 (confidence interval, 0.34-0.86). The mean (SD) DNF endurance hold times for men was 38.9 ± 20.1 seconds, whereas women was 29.4 ± 13.7 seconds. Results of the 2 × 2 analysis of variance indicated that gender significantly influenced DNF endurance (F = 8.643; P = .004), whereas, the activity level did not (F = 3.143; P = .079). Correlations were not significant between age and DNF endurance ( r = 0.11; P = .2) and between activity level and DNF endurance ( r = −0.156; P = .08). Conclusions Asymptomatic men displayed greater DNF endurance than women. The variability between subjects' DNF endurance capabilities was high. Age between 20 and 80 years and activity level did not affect DNF endurance. This is the first normative data set available for the DNF endurance test, which lays the foundation for further research in subjects with a history of cervicalgia and assists clinicians to objectify a milestone for DNF endurance deficits in patients.
Emerging roles for nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly in the Western world. Over the last 30 years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has grown exponentially thanks to the results of countless epidemiology, genetic, histological, and biochemical studies. This information, in turn, has led to the identification of multiple biologic pathways potentially involved in development and progression of AMD, including but not limited to inflammation, lipid and extracellular matrix dysregulation, and angiogenesis. Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors that have been shown to regulate many of the pathogenic pathways linked with AMD and as such they are emerging as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will present the fundamental phenotypic features of AMD and discuss our current understanding of the pathobiological disease mechanisms. We will introduce the nuclear receptor superfamily and discuss the current literature on their effects on AMD-related pathophysiology.
Rapamycin-FKBP Inhibits Cell Cycle Regulators of Proliferation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Multiple growth factors can stimulate quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells to exit from G0 and reenter the cell cycle. The macrolide antibiotic rapamycin, bound to its cytosolic receptor FKBP, is an immunosuppressant and a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation. In the present study, the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin on human and rat vascular smooth muscle cells were examined and compared with the effects of a related immunosuppressant, FK520. In vascular smooth muscle cells, rapamycin, at concentrations as low as 1 ng/mL, inhibited DNA synthesis and cell growth. FK520, an analogue of the immunosuppressant FK506, is structurally related to rapamycin and binds to FKBP but did not inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Molar excesses of FK520 blocked the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin, indicating that the effects of rapamycin required binding to FKBP. Rapamycin-FKBP inhibited retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation at the G1/S transition. This inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation was associated with a decrease in p33cdk2 kinase activity. These observations suggest that rapamycin, but not FK520, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by reducing cell-cycle kinase activity.
Accretion and canal impacts in a rapidly subsiding wetland II. Feldspar marker horizon technique

Recent (6–12 month) marsh sediment accretion and accumulation rates were measured with feldspar marker horizons in the vicinity of natural waterways and man-made canals with spoil banks in the rapidly subsiding environment of coastal Louisiana. Annual accretion rates in aSpartina alterniflora salt marsh in the Mississippi deltaic plain averaged 6 mm in marsh adjacent to canals compared to 10 mm in marsh adjacent to natural waterways. The rates, however, were not statistically significantly different. The average rate of sediment accretion in the same salt marsh region for a transect perpendicular to a canal (13 mm yr−1) was significantly greater than the rate measured for a transect perpendicular to a natural waterway (7 mm yr−1). Measurements of soil bulk density and organic matter content from the two transects were also different. This spatial variability in accretion rates is probably related to (1) spoil bank influences on local hydrology; and (2) a locally high rate of sediment input from lateral erosion associated with pond enlargement. In a brackishSpartina patens marsh on Louisiana’s Chenier plain, vertical accretion rates were the same along natural and canal waterways (3–4 mm yr−1) in a hydrologically restricted marsh region. However, the accretion rates for both waterways were significantly lower than the rates along a nonhydrologically restricted natural waterway nearby (11 mm yr−1). The vertical accretion of matter displayed semi-annual differences in the brackish marsh environment.
Durkheim's Misrepresentation of Spencer: a Reply to Jones' “Durkheim's Response to Spencer”

THE MAJOR THESIS of Robert A. Jones' timely "Durkheim's Response to Spencer: An Essay Toward Historicism in the Historiography of Sociology" is that "much of Durkheimian sociology was constructed in conscious opposition to the sociology of Spencer" (1974:355). There is, Jones (1974:344) points out, no concise analysis of Durkheim's response to Spencer. After quite rightly stressing the need-from the point of view of the history of sociology-for this kind of inquiry, Jones (1974:344) handily circumscribes his task by specifically calling for, first, a "precise knowledge of the degree and depth of Durkheim's 'awareness' of Spencer"; second, the "specific Spencerian ideas to which [Durkheim] responded"; third, Durkheim's own orientation to these ideas; and fourth, how Durkheim's critical responses figured into the larger body of his sociology. The fatal problem with Jones' treatment, however, lies in the failure to fulfill the second requirement, viz., the need for knowledge of the "specific Spencerian ideas" to which Durkheim reacted. Jones (1974:346, n. 13) does not provide us with Spencer's ideas, only Durkheim's version of them. Jones follows only Durkheim's limited footnoting to Spencer and restatements of him, while noting the considerable difficulty in contending with the original Spencerian sources (which involve copious volumes and numerous editions). This obviously assumes that Durkheim accurately represented the very ideas he was to criticize and overturn [what Jones (1974:341) calls "inversion"]. The point is simply that Durkheim's portrayal of Spencer, while not always or necessarily distorted, is an altogether unsatisfactory source of information on "specific Spencerian ideas." More to the issue, Durkheim's strategic unfairness to intellectual opponents has, in point of fact, more than once been noted.' Indeed, almost reluctantly, Jones (1974:354, n. 30) himself cites at least one example of Durkheim's far less than accurate representation of Spencer's ideas. This important observation, however, does not seem to temper Jones' procedure
A co-operative scenario based approach to acquisition and validation of system requirements: How exceptions can help!

Scenarios, in most situations, are descriptions of required interactions between a desired system and its environment, which detail normative system behaviour. Our studies of current scenario use in requirements engineering have revealed that there is considerable interest in the use of scenarios for acquisition, elaboration and validation of system requirements. However, scenarios have seldom been used to study inappropriate or exceptional system behaviour. To account for non-normative or undesired system behaviour, it is vital to predict (‘what can go wrong’) and explore the existence or occurrence of ‘exceptions’ in a scenario when the system1 might be prevented from delivering the required service. Identification of exceptions and inclusion of additional requirements to prevent their occurrence or mitigate their effects yield robust and fault-tolerant design solutions. In this article, we present a prototype software tool called CREWS–SAVRE for systematic scenario generation and use. We describe the innovative features of the tool and demonstrate them with an example of tool’s use. Further, we have identified three kinds of exceptions: generic, permutation and problem exceptions, and have derived complex taxonomies of problem exceptions. We have populated SAVRE with the taxonomies of generic, permutation and problem exceptions. The exceptions can be chosen by the requirements engineer to include them in the generated scenarios to explore the correctness and completeness of requirements. In addition, the taxonomies of problem exceptions can also serve as checklists and help a requirements engineer to predict non-normative system behaviour in a scenario.
Investigation of Barium Treatment of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) 031

Barium addition to chromite ore processing residue (COPR) was investigated in order to address (a) the pronounced heaving phenomena that are associated with mainly the presence of ettringite and (b) hexavalent chromium leaching. Sulfate was added to representative samples of grey-black (GB) and hard-brown (HB) COPR to simulate worst-case conditions of sulfate influx and ettringite formation. Both the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and the modeling results showed that ettringite is a thermodynamically favored reaction in COPR. The subsequent addition of barium lead to the formation of both barite and barium chromate, observed as solid solution between the two phases. Modeling results confirmed that barium sulfate is the more stable species that will dissolve ettringite and that barium chromate will also dissolve COPR chromate phases when sulfate is depleted. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test on GB samples showed that the optimal stoichiometry to maintain Cr and Ba TCLP concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory limit of 5 and 100 ppm, respectively, lies between 1:1 (Ba to sulfate plus chromate ratio) and 1.5:1. The respective optimal stoichiometry for the HB COPR was found to be higher, between 2:1 and 5:1. Considering that COPR is actually a Cr-contaminated cement form, a further area of research is the identification of barium-containing wastes (i.e., heavy-metal sludges, contaminated soils, etc.) that would be suitable for combination with COPR; in this way, an environmentally sustainable yet cost-effective treatment application can be realized.
Distinctive actions of membrane-targeted versus nuclear localized estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells.

Estrogens regulate multiple activities in breast cancer cells, including proliferation. Whereas these hormones are most commonly known to regulate gene transcription through direct interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) and with specific DNA sequences of target genes, recent studies show that ER also activates a number of rapid signaling events that are initiated at the cell membrane. To study the membrane-initiated effects of estrogen and separate them from the activities initiated by the nuclear localized ER in human breast cancer cells, we generated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines that have stably integrated either the wild-type nuclear form of ER (WT-ER) or a modified, membrane-targeted ER (MT-ER) that lacks a nuclear localization sequence and is dually acylated with a myristoylation sequence at the N terminus and a palmitoylation sequence at the C terminus. We demonstrate that MT-ER is membrane localized in the absence of estradiol (E2), showing punctate membrane and cytoplasmic speckles after...
Methionine flux to transsulfuration is enhanced in the long living Ames dwarf mouse.

Long-lived Ames dwarf mice lack growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Additionally the dwarf mice have enzyme activities and levels that combat oxidative stress more efficiently than those of normal mice. We have shown that methionine metabolism in Ames mice is markedly different than in their wild type littermates. In our previous work we hypothesized that the flux of methionine to the transsulfuration pathway is enhanced in the dwarf mice. The current study was designed to determine whether the flux of methionine to the transsulfuration pathway is increased. We did this by injecting either l-[methyl-3H]-methionine or l-[35S]-methionine into dwarf or normal mice and then determined retained label (in form of S-adenosylmethionine) 45 min later. The amount of retained hepatic 3H and 35S label was significantly reduced in the dwarf mice; at 45 min the specific radioactivity of SAM (pCi/nmol SAM) was 56% lower (p < 0.05) for 3H-label and 64% lower (p < 0.005) for 35S-label in dwarf than wild type mice. Retention of 35S was significantly lower in the brain (37%, p < 0.04) and kidney (47%, p < 0.02) of the dwarf compared to wild type mice; there was no statistical difference in retained 3H-label in either brain or kidney. This suggests that both the methyl-moiety and the carbon chain of methionine are lost much faster in the dwarf compared to the wild type mouse, implying that both transmethylation in the liver and transsulfuration in the liver, brain, and kidney are increased in the dwarf mice. As further support, we determined by real-time RT PCR the expression of methionine metabolism genes in livers of mice. Compared to wild type, the Ames dwarf had increased expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (2.3-fold, p = 0.013), glycine N-methyltransferase (3.8-fold, p = 0.023), betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (5.5-fold, p = 0.0006), S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (3.8-fold, p = 0.0005), and cystathionase (2.6-fold; tended to be increased, p = 0.055). Methionine synthase expression was significantly decreased in dwarf compared to wild type (0.48-fold, p = 0.023). These results confirm that the flux of methionine to transsulfuration is enhanced in the Ames dwarf. This, along with data from previous studies support the hypothesis that altered methionine metabolism plays a significant role in the oxidative defense of the dwarf mouse and that the mechanism for the enhanced oxidative defense may be through altered GSH metabolism as a result of the distinctive methionine metabolism.
The use of physical therapy in diseases of the ear, nose and throat

Abstract 1. 1. There is dynamic energy in the spectrum of radiation which can be used in ear, nose and throat work. 2. 2. One should be familiar with the action of this energy on normal and pathologic tissue before attempting to use it. 3. 3. In some pathologic conditions more than one generator producing energy in this spectrum may be used advantageously. 4. 4. Before using this energy one should be thoroughly skilled in the line of therapy he practices.
Production and perception of coarticulated tones

In the present study, the distinctive tones of Mandarin were found to coarticulate with adjacent tones in running speech. However, the amount of deviation of a tone from its canonical form due to coarticulation varied depending on the nature of the tonal context. In a context where adjacent tonal values agree (a ‘‘compatible’’ context), the deviation was relatively small. In a context where adjacent tonal values disagree (a ‘‘conflicting’’ context), the deviation was much greater, sometimes even to the extent of changing the direction of a dynamic tone. To examine the perception of coarticulated tones, naturally produced words and phrases were used as stimuli for tone identification. However, their semantic information was removed through waveform editing while all the tonal information contained in the signal remained intact. Identification of tones in the compatible context was highly accurate with or without the original tonal context. Tonal identification for the conflicting context remained accurate only when the tones were presented with the original tonal context. Without the original context, i.e., in isolation, correct tone identification dropped below chance. When the original tonal context was altered, listeners compensated for the altered context as if it had been there originally. It thus seems that, in tone perception, listeners compensate for variations due to coarticulation. Nevertheless, even with the presence of the original context, perceptual identification was better for the compatible context than for the conflicting context, indicating that variation due to coarticulation is not always completely compensated for by listeners.
Dispersed fluorescence studies of linear LiOLi: a strongly bound, but very `floppy' ionic molecule

Abstract By dispersing laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) due to transitions from bent, excited LiOLi ( 1 B 1 , K ′ =1) rovibrational states to linear ground-state LiOLi [ X 1 Σ g + (ν 1 ″,ν 2 ″,ν 3 ″)] vibrational states, we have determined 37 ( ν 1 ″, ν 2 ″, ν 3 ″) vibrational eigenstate energies, each to an accuracy of about ±10 cm −1 . An eight-term power series fit of the energies results in estimates of the ω 1 ″, ω 2 ″, ω 3 ″ fundamental frequencies, the χ 11 ″, χ 22 ″ anharmonicity constants, and the χ 12 ″, χ 23 ″, χ 13 ″ coupling constants. For such a strongly bound ionic molecule (Li 1+ O 2− Li 1+ ), LiOLi is remarkably floppy, with a `light-atom' ω 2 ″ bending frequency of only 122±4 cm −1 .
Stability of floating and submerged blocks

The rotational stability of floating and submerged rectangular blocks is described. The limit of stability is reached when the underturning moment acting on the block is equal to the maximum hydrostatic righting moment. The hydrostatic righting moment is derived and a convenient expression for its maximum is presented in nondimensional form. A moment coefficient is defined that relates the underturning moment at the limit of stability to the moment produced by the product of the dynamic pressure of the flow and the plan area of the block. An exponential function of the ratio of block thickness to flow depth is postulated as a general expression for the moment coefficient. The parameters of this function are related to the block geometry by analyzing the existing experimental data. The limit of rotational stability for rectangular blocks can then be described in terms of a densimetric Froude number based on block thickness.
The antegrade continence enema procedure: a review of the literature

Since the antegrade continence enema (ACE) was first described in 1990 for fecal incontinence, more than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. This report reviews the indications, operative modifications, outcome, and complications of the procedure.
Eigenmodes and mode competition in a high-gain free-electron laser including alternating-gradient focusing

Abstract We solve the eigenvalue problem for a high gain free-electron laser in the “water-bag” model including alternating-gradient focusing by a variational-solution-based (VSB) expansion method. Such VSB expansion method is very efficient for finding the eigenvalue. The results agree with those obtained by numerical simulation quite well. We further discuss the mode degeneracy and mode competition.
ACTH and cortisone therapy of acute nonsuppurative (subacute) thyroiditis.

ACUTE nonsuppurative (subacute) thyroiditis is an acute febrile dis-order. Characteristically, there is pain referable to the thyroid, with tenderness and swelling of the gland. Systemic symptoms of febrile disease may be marked and may overshadow the local manifestations. The etiologic agent remains obscure and no cure is known. Dramatic relief has recently been reported by Crile (1) and by Clark and associates (2) to follow ACTH and cortisone therapy. Crile treated four patients and Clark three.
Breeding and genetic studies of tolerance to several bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bacterial pathogens

A breeding and genetic program to develop Phaseolus vulgaris bean varieties tolerant to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Xanthomonas phaseoli and Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens was conducted from 1962 to the present tme. The research progress is reported. Great Northern (GN) Nebraska #1, sel. 27 and PI 150414 dry bean lines were highly tolerant to races 1 and 2 of the halo blight bacterium (P. phaseolicola). The tolerant inoculated leaf, pod, and non-systemic chlorosis reactions to this bacterium were each controlled by different major genes. Coupling linkage was detected between genes controlling the leaf and systemic chlorosis reactions. GN Nebraska #1, sel. 27 and PI 207262 were tolerant to isolates (USA) of X. phaseoli, causal pathogen of common blight disease. Reaction to this bacterium was inherited quantitatively. Narrow sense heritability estimates of the disease reaction were low. Genes controlling late maturity and tolerant reaction were found to be linked in crosses with GN Nebraska #1, sel. 27 but linkage was not apparent in one cross with PI 207262. A different reaction of pod and foliage was observed in some bean lines. Susceptibility increased with the onset of plant maturity. PI 165078 was tolerant to C. flaccumfaciens and the disease reaction was simply inherited. The dry bean varieties ‘GN Tara’ and ‘GN Jules’, tolerant X. phaseoli, and ‘GN Emerson’ tolerant to C. flaccumfaciens and X. phaseoli were released in recent years. Breeding approaches to develop bean varieties tolerant to these bacterial pathogens is discussed.
Mitigating chromatic effects on the transverse focusing of intense charged particle beams for heavy ion fusion

A!nal focusing scheme designed to minimize chromatic effects is discussed. The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) will apply a velocity tilt for longitudinal bunch compression, and a !nal focusing solenoid (FFS) for transverse bunch compression. In the beam frame, neutralized drift compression causes a suf!ciently large spread in axial momentum,p z , resulting in chromatic effects on the!nal focal spot during transverse bunch compression. Placing a weaker solenoid upstream of a stronger!nal focusing solenoid (FFS) mitigates chromatic effects, and signi!cantly improves transverse focusing for relevant NDCX-II parameters. &2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Plant and insect cuticular lipids serve as behavioral cues for insects

The roles of plant and insect cuticular lipids in insect and plant interactions are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the influence that the host plant and the surface lipids of the host plant have upon insect herbivores and the predators and parasitoids of these herbivores. Variations in cuticular lipids of herbivorous insects are dependent upon the host plant, and these variations may affect the behavior of predators and parasitoids. The cuticular lipids of species which interact on multiple trophic levels are compared. Similarities were found between the hydrocarbons of herbivorous insects, their host plants, and their predators or parasitoids.
A low-cost wideband UHF downconverter with 5:1 tuning range

Future telescopes being considered for radioastronomy are likely to require large numbers of low-cost downconverters with wide bandwidth, wide tuning range, and the ability to operate close to strong sources of interference. This paper presents a simple UHF downconverter with 50-60 dB gain, 3 MHz instantaneous bandwidth and typical IIP/sub 3/ of about -26 dB over a tuning range of 400 to 2000 MHz. Image rejection is 30 to 40 dB from 400 to 1000 MHz, and increases to greater than 80 dB above 1000 MHz. Selectivity is greater than 60 dB for signals 15 MHz distant. This design can currently be built in small quantities for less than $500 (US) each.
Electronic Health Records to Coordinate Decision Making for Complex Patients: What Can We Learn from Wiki?:

Background . Processes of communication that guide decision making among clinicians collaboratively caring for complex patients are poorly understood and vary based on local contexts. In this paper, the authors characterize these processes and propose a wiki-style communication model to improve coordination of decision making among clinicians using an integrated electronic health record (EHR). Methods. A narrative review of current patterns of communication among clinicians sharing medical decisions focusing on the emerging and potential roles of EHRs to enhance communication among clinicians caring for complex patients.Results. The authors present the taxonomy of decision making and communication among clinicians caring for complex patients. They then adapt wiki-style communication to propose a novel model of communication among clinicians for decision making within multidisciplinary disease management programs. Future innovations using wiki-style communication among clinicians are also described and pla...
Energy flow lines for the radiation emitted by a dipole

An oscillating electric dipole emits radiation, and the flow of energy in the electromagnetic field is represented by the field lines of the Poynting vector. In the most general state of oscillation the dipole moment vector traces out an ellipse. We have evaluated analytically the field lines of the Poynting vector for the emitted light, and it appears that each field line lies on a cone, which has its axis perpendicular to the plane of the ellipse. The field lines exhibit a vortex structure near the location of the dipole, and they approach a straight line in the far field. It is shown that due to the spiraling of the field lines near the source, the asymptotic limit of a field line is displaced as compared to a ray which would come directly out of the source. Both the spatial extent of the vortex in the near field and the magnitude of the displacement of the image in the far field are of nanoscale dimension.
A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF TWO RAILNETS: COLUMBIA BASIN AND SOUTH AUSTRALIA

(1962). A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF TWO RAILNETS: COLUMBIA BASIN AND SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 394-413.
Application of Optical and Imaging Techniques to Inspection of Off-Line Joule-Heated Melter at the West Valley Demonstration Project

The West Valley melter has been taken out of service. Its design is the direct ancestor of the current melter design for the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant. Over its eight years of service, the West Valley melter has endured many of the same challenges that the Hanford melters will encounter with feeds that are similar to many of the Hanford double shell tank wastes. Thus, inspection of the West Valley melter prior to its disposal could provide valuable — even crucial — information to the designers of the melters to be used at the Hanford Site, particularly if quantitative information can be obtained. The objective of Mississippi State University’s Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory’s (DIAL) efforts is to develop, fabricate, and deploy inspection tools for the West Valley melter that will (i.) be remotely operable in the West Valley process cell; (ii.) provide quantitative information on melter refractory wear and deposits on the refractory; and (iii.) indicate areas of heterogeneity of deposits, requiring more detailed characterization. A collaborative arrangement has been established with the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) to inspect their melter.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Aging of reflective roofs: soot deposition.

Solar-reflective roofs remain cooler than absorptive roofs and thus conserve electricity otherwise needed for air conditioning. A currently controversial aspect of solar-reflective cool roofing is the extent to which an initially high solar reflectance decreases with time. We present experimental data on the spectral absorption of deposits that accumulate on roofs, and we attribute most of the absorption to carbon soot originally produced by combustion. The deposits absorb more at short wavelengths (e.g., in the blue) than in the red and infrared, imparting a slightly yellow tinge to formerly white surfaces. The initial rate of reflectance reduction by soot accumulation is consistent with known emission rates that are due to combustion. The long-term reflectance change appears to be determined by the ability of the soot to adhere to the roof, resisting washout by rain.
Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Objective: This study surveyed practices in treating childhood PTSD among child psychiatrists and non-M.D. therapists with self-identified interest in treating traumatized children. Method: An anonymous survey was mailed to 207 child psychiatrists (“medical”) and 460 nonphysician (“non-medical”) therapists inquiring about current interventions used to treat children with PTSD. Results: Two hundred and forty-seven responses were received: of 77 medical and 82 nonmedical respondents who currently treat children with PTSD, a wide variety of modalities are used. Most preferred modalities among medical responders were pharmacotherapy, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Most preferred modalities among nonmedical respondents were cognitive-behavioral, family, and nondirective play therapy. Ninety-five percent of medical respondents used pharmacotherapy for this disorder; most preferred medications to treat childhood PTSD were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Several significant differences between medical and nonmedical practices were identified. Conclusions: There is little clinical consensus regarding the effectiveness of the many modalities used to treat traumatized children who have PTSD symptoms; empirical research is particularly needed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and EMDR.
Visions of annihilation: the Ustasha regime and the cultural politics of Fascism, 1941–1945

In Visions of Annihilation, Rory Yeomans considers how the Croatian Ustasha movement, which came to power in 1941 after Axis forces dismantled Yugoslavia, used popular culture in an effort to gain ...
Spatial localization of pre-mRNA transcription and processing within the nucleus

The organization of transcription, processing, and transport of pre-mRNA within the nucleus is a major unsolved problem in cell biology. Several recent studies have helped to define the localization of specific DNAs, RNAs, and proteins within the nucleus and have led to various models for higher level organization of pre-mRNA metabolism.
Efficient Structure-Based Carrier Offset Estimator for OFDM System

In this paper, we proposed a closed form solution for blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation employing the Rank- Revealing QR triangular factorization Method (RRQR). The advantage of using the RRQR it gives precious information about numerical rank and efficiently separates the signal space from the noise space. Furthermore, the RRQR does not involve the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) or singular value decomposition (SVD) of co-variance matrix of the received signals and is a valuable tool in linear algebra to meet compatibility requirement of real time environment. Computer simulations shows the superior performance and much less processing time of RRQR compared with the method employing ESPRIT Algorithm Index-Terms: OFDM, Carrier Frequency Offset, DFT, Estimation, RRQR Method.
Provider attitudes toward discussing fertility intentions with HIV-infected women and serodiscordant couples in the USA.

Background: Recent research suggests that pregnancy is a potentially safe option for couples with at least one HIV-infected adult. Data regarding provider discussion of fertility intentions with women living with HIV (WLWH) or in serodiscordant relationships is limited. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional self-administered survey of health professionals who provide HIV services to women in order to assess knowledge and behaviors regarding family planning options for HIV-infected women and serodiscordant couples. Results: Of 77 respondents, 47(61%) met the inclusion criteria (health care provider who cares for WLWH). Approximately half (57%) of the participants indicated that they always or usually discuss contraception or fertility intentions with their HIV+ female patients of reproductive age. When asked to indicate their awareness of techniques to decrease HIV transmission risk among serodiscordant couples attempting pregnancy, most participants reported awareness of multiple options. Discussion of contraception or fertility intentions was not associated with provider gender, age, and experience in caring for HIV-infected patients, previous training in women’s health or provider’s awareness of options to decrease transmission risk. Conclusions: HIV providers in this study were knowledgeable of practices that can lead to safer conception and prevent HIV transmission among individuals in serodiscordant relationships but did not always discuss this information with their patients. Further research is needed to explore optimal methods for encouraging such conversations.
Time-Dependent Mechanochemical Response of SP-Cross-Linked PMMA

Time-dependent mechanochemical activation of spiropyran (SP) mechanophores in cross-linked PMMA under creep loading is examined. In contrast to monotonic torsion (constant strain rate) results, the desired force-induced electrocyclic ring-opening of SP to the fluorescent merocyanine (MC) form is achieved at creep stress levels less than the yield stress of the bulk polymer. Lower values of stress require longer time, but much smaller strains for initiation of activation. Additionally, the first measurable detection of the reaction corresponds closely to the maximum creep strain rate, revealing mechanophore activation occurs near the onset of strain hardening, when polymer mobility is highest. The strong correlation between mechanical activation of the spiropyran and the rate of deformation suggests the potential for SP mechanophores as molecular probes of polymer relaxation and flow.
Imaging sampling below the Nyquist density without aliasing

For multidimensional band-limited functions, the Nyquist density is defined as that density corresponding to maximally packed spectral replications. Because of the shape of the support of the spectrum, however, sampling multidimensional functions at Nyquist densities can leave gaps among these replications. In this paper we show that, when such gaps exist, the image samples can periodically be deleted or decimated without information loss. The result is an overall lower sampling density. Recovery of the decimated samples by the remaining samples is a linear interpolation process. The interpolation kernels can generally be obtained in closed form. The interpolation noise level resulting from noisy data is related to the decimation geometry. The greater the clustering of the decimated samples, the higher the interpolation noise level is.
Thermodynamically Improbable Phase Diagram Features

Interest in phase diagrams, and what they can provide as tools for understanding and solving materials’ problems, has been increasing steadily in all aspects of materials science, stimulated by conferences, book publications, data compilations as well as the numerous phase diagram determinations, evaluations, and calculations published in the literature. In preparing the second edition of evaluated “Binary Phase Diagrams” 1 (published in late 1990 and containing information on nearly 3,000 binary systems), and keeping in mind that the phase diagrams which were about to be published should represent as accurate phase boundary information as possible, we looked at more than 2000 diagrams to be published and continued to discover examples of very unlikely phase boundaries in various respects. Often, the phase diagrams showing problems did not even explicitly violate the well known phase rules. Most of such problems were a challenge to identify, and the majority (but not all) required only a small correction to eliminate. The present article is intended to share some of our observations with the conference participants in the hope that they will stimulate a further discussion of the important connections between phase diagrams and the thermodynamics on which they are based. In two recent publications, several thermodynamically improbable features or boundaries in binary phase diagrams have been pointed out2 and some unlikely thermodynamical models have been shown to be unrealistic, or in error.3 In the present brief paper, we discuss some of the typically unlikely features in order to draw attention to possible guidelines that may be useful for checking future proposed phase diagram boundaries, or some specific phase diagram features resulting from either experimental or theoretical work, including also phase diagram assessments.
Paleosalinities within a Pliocene Bay, Kettleman Hills, California: A Study of the Resolving Power of Isotopic and Faunal Techniques

Pliocene sediments of the Kettleman Hills, California, were deposited in a marine embayment that occupied part of the San Joaquin Valley. Faunal and sedimentologic data from the upper Pliocene Pecten zone indicate a decreasing salinity trend south and southwestward across the Kettleman Hills. In general, the least diverse faunas and coarsest sediment are in the west-central part of the area, near an apparent small delta and are relatively distant from the entrance of the embayment. Salinity and substrate are probably the main factors controlling the composition of the eight fossil communities recognized by Q-mode cluster analysis. Oxygen and carbon isotopic age determinations were made on specimens of Pecten , Aequipecten , Ostrea , and the fresh-water clam, Anodonta , in order to determine paleosalinities. Assuming that Anodonta grew in water that was representative of the fresh water that flowed into the embayment, that the shells with the heaviest isotopic composition grew in normal marine water, and that the temperature was constant throughout the area at that time, the salinity at which the shells grew can be calculated from their oxygen isotopic composition. The salinities calculated by this procedure range from normal marine (35 ‰) in the north and east parts of the Kettleman Hills to brackish (about 10 to 15 ‰) in the west-central part. These results are in good agreement with those suggested by faunal composition and diversity. A similar but more limited study of the stratigraphically higher upper Mya zone indicates that the salinity during this time was reduced but did not vary in a systematic pattern as during Pecten zone time. Comparison of fossil and modern communities provides the means for detailed paleoenvironmental reconstruction by establishing analogous modern settings. Environmental interpretation, based on isotopic analysis, is similar to interpretations based on faunal analyses but, in addition, provides more quantitative estimates of the paleotemperature and salinity.