cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Forced Vital Capacity and Slow Vital Capacity in individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients (P1.4-011)

Objective: To compare progression of both the forced vital capacity maneuver (FVC) and the slow vital capacity maneuver (VC) of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). To determine whether the VC maneuver is as consistent a measure of respiratory muscle decline as the FVC maneuver. Background: The FVC is the amount of air a person can forcibly exhale in one breath. The VC is the volume of air mobilized between a maximal inspiratory maneuver and a maximal expiratory maneuver. The FVC maneuver has been used in medical research to record the decline in respiratory muscle strength in neuromuscular disease. Many other respiratory parameters are also used for this purpose, like the to collapse vital capacity. Information is needed to see if the VC is a reliable measurement tool. Design/Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on ALS patient’s at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center from February 2016 – June 2017. Repeated measures of FVC and VC were collected longitudinally and reported as the average value for each patient. Patient demographics and clinical data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the first observed measures of FVC and VC. Results: There were 75 patients included in this analysis with mean (std) age of 60.6 (11.5) years. The mean (std) values of FVC and VC for each patient were 2.2 (1.1) and 1.8 (0.9), respectively. The first observed FVC per patient was strongly correlated with the corresponding VC value (r=0.8872, p value Conclusions: The FVC is not always the best way to measure air volume. Upper airway muscles can weaken in ALS potentially causing airway collapse. VC is not forced, less likely to cause airway collapse. VC proved safe and reliable. Disclosure: Dr. Reynolds has nothing to disclose.
Fortschritte in der Behandlung des oberflächlichen Harnblasenkarzinoms mit BCG-Immuntherapie — Ergebnisse kontrollierter nordamerikanischer Studien

In den Vereinigten Staaten ist wahrend des vergangenen Jahrzehnts die Inzidenz von Blasenkarzinom um 36% angestiegen, wahrend die Sterblichkeitsrate trotz dieses Anstiegs um 8% zuruckging (Boring et al. 1993). Zu den signifikantesten Veranderungen bei der Behandlung des oberflachlichen Blasenkarzinoms zahlt die in diesem Zeitraum eingefuhrte und immer ofter verwendete intravesikale BCG-Immun-therapie. Nach Morales Bericht uber eine reduzierte Tumorhaufigkeit nach BCG-Therapie bestatigten wir als erste die Vorteile dieser Behandlungsmethode in einer kontrollierten klinischen Studie (Lamm et al. 1980). In zahlreichen weiteren kontrollierten Studien wurden seitdem sowohl die Wirksamkeit der intravesikalen BCG-Therapie bestatigt, als auch zusatzliche signifikante Verbesserungen der schon ursprunglich hocheffektiven Behandlungsmethode vorgenommen. Wahrend des letzten Jahrzehnts war die Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) besonders aktiv auf diesem Gebiet tatig und konnte 3 umfangreiche, kontrollierte Studien abschliesen, die dazu beitrugen, die Rolle der BCG-Immuntherapie zu bestimmen und die Behandlungsergebnisse zu verbessern.
Quantifying the Benefits of Variable Reflectance Rearview Mirrors

Reference: Human Factors: Lighting, Mirrors, and User Needs. Warrendale, SAE, Feb 1994, p. 115-126
Ion channels of mitochondrial membranes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the third class of membrane transporters, comprised of channels or pores, entities that define water-filled transmembrane pathways of varying size and selectivity. Numerous channel activities have been detected by application of bilayer and patch-clamp methodologies to mitochondrial membranes. In the outer membrane, the main channel activity is that of the porin, voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), and a voltage-gated large conductance channel. It is likely that this channel represents the primary permeability pathway through the outer membrane for metabolites and ions. The modulation of the VDAC channel by endogenous effectors suggests a regulatory role for outer membrane permeability in mitochondrial metabolism. A second large-conductance outer-membrane channel activity has been detected and may be involved in protein import. Five inner-membrane channel activities have been described based on patch-clamp studies of mitoplasts. The first discovered was mCS, a voltage-dependent 100pS anion channel activity that co-isolates with the ATP synthase. The multi conductance channel (MCC) activity has a maximum conductance twice that of VDAC and appears to correspond to the calcium- and cyclosporin-sensitive permeability transition pore (PTP) deduced from swelling studies. There are several indications that MCC and VDAC interact at a drug-receptor complex located at intermembrane contact sites. Three low-conductance channel activities have been detected in the mitochondrial inner membrane: a glibenclamide- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K + channel, and two pH-sensitive channel activities with opposite ion selectivity. The inner membrane ion channels appear to be highly regulated and are not expected to be open continuously under normal conditions.
Dynamics of Some Electrochemical Reactions

Experiments on a few electrochemical reactions are discussed. Time series of either current or voltage, obtained under potentiostatic or galvanostatic conditions respectively, are presented and characterized. We first some some examples of dynamic behavior such as chaos, quasiperiodicity, and period doubling of tori obtained during the electrodissolution of copper. Some apparent higher order chaos during electrodissolution of iron is then discussed. Finally, we treat briefly coupled electrochemical oscillators.
Stability of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid and Porphobilinogen in Urine Under Varying Conditions

A study was made on the stability of δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine. Data are presented showing that both substances can be preserved in the same sample by adjusting the pH to 6-7 and storing at -20° for periods up to 1 month, or at 4° for periods up to 2 weeks. As previously shown ( 1 ), these conditions are also satisfactory for preservation of coproporphyrin.
Salvage Cryoablation of the Prostate

Radiation therapy has been become a popular treatment option for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). Unfortunately, a number of patients fail treatment. Salvage radical prostatectomy has been the most established therapeutic option for locally recurrent PCa; however, the operation is technically difficult and not without significant morbidity. Salvage cryoablation has emerged as an increasingly popular minimally invasive alternative with comparable safety and efficacy profiles. In this chapter, we focus on recent oncological and functional outcomes, as well as patient selection and potential complications of salvage cryotherapy for radiorecurrent PCa.
Reckoning with press freedom: Community media, liberalism, and the processual state in Caracas, Venezuela

Community media producers who are aligned with and supported by the Venezuelan state must reckon with the notion of “press freedom.” I argue that rather than embrace dominant liberal norms, which hold that a “free press” requires autonomy from the state, community media producers in Caracas approach the state as a potentially liberatory process of collective engagement. This approach demands that they reexamine liberal norms for freedom and autonomy. They do so in a context in which social actors inside and outside official state institutions struggle with the limits and future of liberalism in Venezuela. The dilemmas of community media producers in this context offer an opportunity to develop a critical anthropology of press freedom.
Effects of Phenyl Benzo-γ-Pyrone Derivatives (Flavonoids) on Blood Cell Aggregation: Basis for a Concept of Mode of Action

Flavonoids were investigated for activity on blood cell aggregation. A procedure for measuring serial erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was used to test the effect of five flavonoids (hesperidin, quercetin, rutin, tangeretin, and naringin) on aggregation in vitro. The activity of the flavonoids was compared with that of quinine and low molecular weight dextran (LMD), both of which demonstrably decrease blood cell aggregation in vivo and in vitro. At a blood concentration of 50 µmol/liter the flavonoids, quinine, and LMD all showed significant effects (P < 0.05) on aggregation, the order of retardation of ESR being rutin < quercetin < LMD < hesperidin < quinine < tangeretin. Naringin-treated blood had a higher ESR than control blood. The effect of flavonoids on blood cell aggregation suggests how they may act against increased capillary permeability and fragility, reduce symptoms in disease, and protect against effects of various traumas and stresess.
From Curriculum to Activism: a graduate degree program in literacy to develop teachers as leaders for equity through action research

Abstract This article presents findings from a 2-year reflexive action research study of a cohort-based Master's degree program in literacy for practicing teachers. Questions revolved around whether and how the program brought about changes in candidates' conceptions about literacy, expertise in literacy, and leadership/activist skills to foster equity in their classrooms and schools. Faculty used data from action research to make cyclical changes to the program each semester. Data sources included candidate interviews, e-mail correspondence, course notes, classroom observations, questionnaires and a survey. The candidates own evolving action research projects within their schools also became data sources. A qualitative analysis suggests that the program was generally successful in meeting its goals. The elements of the program contributing to its success were: the evolving program design based on action research data; the collegiality of the cohort; broadening conceptions of literacy; learning action res...
New Ternary R -Phases with Silicon

THE R-phase was first found1 in the chromium–molybdenum–cobalt ternary system. Its crystal structure has been determined by Shoemaker et al.2. Additional R-phases were later found in the molybdenum–manganese–cobalt and molybdenum–manganese–iron ternary systems3, as well as in the titanium–manganese binary system4. Recently, in the investigation of several ternary systems with silicon a number of new R-phases have been identified. Table 1 gives the approximate composition and the lattice parameters of these new R-phases:
The shortest distance among points in general position

Abstract We prove that among n points in the plane in general position, the shortest distance can occur at most (2+ 3 7 )n times. We also give a construction where the shortest distance occurs more than (2+ 5 16 )N−10⌊ n ⌊ times.
Molecular biology of NK T cell specificity and development

Abstract NK T cells recognize a glycosphingolipid, α -galactosyl ceramide, presented by CD1d. CD1d is capable of binding a variety of lipids, however, and the hydrophilic groups of the antigen contribute relatively little to CD1d binding. Amino acids in the CD1d groove and the top of the α helices are involved in lipid antigen presentation, suggesting a conventional mode of presentation and antigen recognition. NK T cells also have unique requirements for their differentiation, as suggested by the analysis of a number of mouse germline mutations. For example, the development of NK T cells, unlike conventional T lymphocytes, is highly lymphotoxin dependent.
A viscosity study of mixtures of sodium smectite and poly(vinyl alcohol) in water as a function of pressure

Viscosities of mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and Na smectite in water were measured at several pressures by using Couette and falling-body-type viscometers. The values of viscosity of clay-polymer mixtures were found to bear an exponential relationship to the concentration of the polymer. The viscosities of these mixtures could be related to the concentration of clay by Arrhenius law at low concentrations or by Weltmann and Green's equation at high concentrations. The viscosities of polymer, clay, and clay–polymer mixtures increase exponentially with pressure.
Position Challenges: In Youth Sport Programs

(1988). Position Challenges: In Youth Sport Programs. Strategies: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 12-13.
Tribological performance of thermally sprayed cermet coatings containing solid lubricants

Abstract Protective WC–10Ni cermet coatings containing a small portion of solid lubricant [MoS 2 , WS 2 or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP teflon)] for use in wear applications needing a low coefficient of friction were investigated in this study. These coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates using the HVOF thermal spray process. The solid lubricant powders were added to the WC–10Ni cermet powder and mechanically mixed prior to the deposition. The performance of each coating was evaluated using a sliding wear test on a carbon-graphite counterpart to measure the coefficient of friction and the wear rate. The addition of solid lubricants to the cermet coating did not change significantly the coefficient of friction when sliding against carbon-graphite but the wear rate of both rubbing parts was greatly influenced.
OWSimu: an object-oriented and Web-based simulator for plant growth.

Abstract OWSimu is a Java-based generic plant growth simulator. According to the principles of object-oriented design, Java classes were programmed for plant growth simulation as well as relevant input, output and user interfaces. The program was developed as a Java applet with a user-friendly graphical interface running on the Web. With a Java (JDK1.1)-embedded Web browser, users can link the run-time model and perform plant growth simulations at our website. OWSimu is a convenient tool for researchers, teachers and students to use in the general study of plant growth. It describes the growth of a typical plant that is free of pests and diseases. The program is currently able to simulate plant growth for more than a dozen crops and weeds under Illinois weather and three typical soil conditions. Additional data is needed to modify OWSimu so that it can have a better carbon balance model for different plant species and accommodate different varieties within a selected plant species for use in a specific crop production management system. The program source code is highly reusable for further development and for other crop modeling work.
Expression in insect cells and characterization of the 110 kDa anchoring subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase

The major myosin light chain phosphatase is composed of three subunits with apparent molecular masses of 130, 38 and 20 kDa, corresponding to the myosin-binding, catalytic and a regulatory subunit of unknown function, respectively. In this work, we have amplified the cDNA coding for each of the three subunits by the polymerase chain reaction, and expressed the 130 kDa subunit in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. Limited chymotrypsin digestion show that the folding of the expressed protein is similar to that in the native holoenzyme. N-Terminal sequencing reveals that our recombinant protein is authentic. Mass spectrometry shows that the expressed protein is full length. The recombinant protein is capable of binding myosin based on the ELISA assay and myosin affinity chromatography. Finally, rotary shadowing electron microscopy reveals an elongated structure with three globular domains connected by flexible strands. These results pave the way for future biochemical, structural and site-directed mutagenesis studies on the myosin light chain phosphatase. We also found that the cDNA of the 20 kDa subunit may code for a smaller protein with a molecular mass of 18.5 kDa.
Autonomic responsiveness to affective visual stimulation in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been posited by some to manifest a syndrome of interictal personality and behavioral change. Furthermore, this syndrome has been attributed to an underlying mechanism—enhanced affective responsiveness. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether patients with TLE manifest increased emotional responsiveness relative to appropriate controls. Patients with TLE (n = 23) were compared with non-TLE (n = 7) and healthy controls (n = 16) as to their autonomic nervous system responsiveness to an emotionally stressing film. No differences were found among the groups. These results are related to the larger literature concerning epilepsy and psychopathology.
Motion of a droplet with a newtonian interface

Abstract A general solution is obtained for the creeping motion of a spherical droplet through an unbounded Newtonian liquid with the interfacial region characterized by an axisymmetric interfacial tension gradient and constant coefficients of surface shear and surface dilational viscosity. The results are stream functions for the inner and outer phases and equations for the terminal and interfacial velocities of the droplet. As an example of the use of the results, the effects of both imposed and induced temperature gradients on the motion of a droplet are considered.
Differential tolerance to the antipentylenetetrazol activity of benzodiazepines in flurazepam-treated rats

Rats were treated for one week with flurazepam (FZP). After an additional two days with no treatment, each rat was injected with one of seven benzodiazepines (BZs). Several different doses of each BZ were evaluated. Ten min later, 100 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was injected, IP, and convulsive activity was recorded. Rats treated for a week with FZP were tolerant to ataxia induced by each of the seven BZs tested. There was a dose-dependent anti-PTZ effect for each BZ. Whether or not tolerance to the anti-PTZ effect was found depended on the particular BZ used. Tolerance was found for four of the drugs: diazepam, clobazam, flurazepam and desalkylflurazepam. However, no tolerance was found to the anti-PTZ actions of midazolam, triazolam or clonazepam. Brain BZ levels were measured by the ability of brain extracts to displace specifically bound [3H]flunitrazepam in vitro. There was no significant effect of one week of flurazepam treatment. It was proposed that differences among BZs in their interactions with receptors allowed some to circumvent the mechanism responsible for tolerance to the anti-PTZ effect.
Using AHRQ Patient Safety Indicators to Detect Postdischarge Adverse Events in the Veterans Health Administration

Patient safety indicators (PSIs) use inpatient administrative data to flag cases with potentially preventable adverse events (AEs) attributable to hospital care. This study explored how many AEs the PSIs identified in the 30 days post discharge. PSI software was run on Veterans Health Administration 2003-2007 administrative data for 10 recently validated PSIs. Among PSI-eligible index hospitalizations not flagged with an AE, this study evaluated how many AEs occurred within 1 to 14 and 15 to 30 days post discharge using inpatient and outpatient administrative data. Considering all PSI-eligible index hospitalizations, 11 141 postdischarge AEs were identified, compared with 40 578 inpatient-flagged AEs. More than 60% of postdischarge AEs were detected within 14 days of discharge. The majority of postdischarge AEs were decubitus ulcers and postoperative pulmonary embolisms or deep vein thromboses. Extending PSI algorithms to the postdischarge period may provide a more complete picture of hospital quality. Future work should use chart review to validate postdischarge PSI events.
Responses of Hyalella azteca to a pyrethroid mixture in a constructed wetland.

Constructed wetlands used to mitigate pesticide runoff from agricultural fields into receiving systems (e.g., lakes, rivers, streams) have been successful in reducing concentrations of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural insecticides (Moore et al., 2002; Leistra et al., 2003; Bouldin et al., 2005). Such wetlands also have important functions in enhancing the water quality and ecological values (Moore et al., 2002), and different phases (i.e., aqueous, sediment and detritus) have separate roles, as either sinks or sources, in determining effectiveness of wetlands in mitigating pesticide toxicity. For these reasons, the importance of elucidating potential effectiveness of wetlands in reducing pesticide toxicity to aquatic biota exposed to these different phases needs to be addressed. The pyrethroid insecticides, k-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, were used as model contaminants in a constructed wetland located in Leflore County, Mississippi, USA, designed to mitigate runoff from an agricultural field. Pyrethroids are used on a variety of agricultural crops in Mississippi, however most applications are primarily with cotton (Gossypium sp.) (USDA, 2004). Approximately 3,150 kg of k-cyhalothrin and 10,350 kg of cyfluthrin were applied in Mississippi in 2003 and, as a result, may contribute to non-point source contamination of aquatic environments (USDA, 2004). This study examined the use of a constructed wetland to mitigate ecological impacts of a simulated pyrethriod mixture (k-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin) in runoff from agricultural fields to receiving aquatic systems by using 48 h aqueous, detrital and sediment bioassays with the freshwater test organism, Hyalella azteca.
A right hemispatial field advantage on a verbal free-vision task.

Abstract Within a fixed time limit for each stimulus item, right handers searched, in a top-to-bottom scan and from right to left for half the subjects and from left to right for the other half, among randomly placed and oriented words for target words that rhymed with a designated sound. A right hemispatial field advantage emerged, as well as an advantage for targets above as compared to below the horizontal meridian. A lateral × vertical location interaction showed a right-side advantage only for targets below the horizontal meridian and an upper target advantage only for targets on the left. Even though the task was presented in free vision, results were highly similar to prior findings with lateralized tachistoscopic presentation of verbal stimuli.
Finding our inner voices: Rediscovering scholarship

This essay explores the need to reconsider how we define, reward, and support scholarship, and the philosophical foundation of what a scholar really is. Noting that only 10 to 15% of the professoriate regularly publish, the author questions if some faculty become stymied and distanced from their work because of the gap that exists between what they want to do and what their institutions expect them to do. Could more faculty find their voices as scholars and public intellectuals if universities and colleges ascribed more value to the scholarships of teaching, practice, and service? The surprising results of a survey of members of the Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education are included.
CALCULATIONS OF ENERGY SPECTRA OF NUCLEI IN THE 2s, 1d SHELL

Using the shell-model classification scheme based on the group $\mathrm{SU}3$, the energy spectrum of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ is studied in detail. Using only the lowest $\mathrm{SU}3$ state it is not possible to obtain a good fit to the experimental data. A variational method is introduced within the framework of the $\mathrm{SU}3$ scheme which admixes higher states. This yields good agreement between theory and experiment.
Sister Celine's technique and its generalizations

Abstract Sister Celine Fasenmyer's technique for obtaining pure recurrence relations for hypergeometric polynomials is formalized and generalized in various directions. Applications include algorithms for verifying any given binomial coefficients identity and any identities involving sums and integrals of products of special functions. This is shown to lead to a new approach to the theory of special functions which allows a natural definition of special functions of several variables.
Comparative Study of Pitch-Plunge Airfoil Aerodynamics at Transitional Reynolds Number

based method. Three models are used to simulate the transitional flows: the shear-stress transport model, an e N type transitional model, and a detached eddy simulation model. The solutions are compared with both phase- averaged and snapshot experimental results. The motion under consideration is motivated by kinematics for maximum propulsive efficiency, with plunge-induced angle of attack partially cancelling the pitch, resulting in small excursions in angle of attack past static stall. Nevertheless there are significant post-stall effects, with individual velocity field snapshots differing markedly from the phase average. Nomenclature
Guatemalan Indian children and the sociocultural effects of government-sponsored terrorism.

The effects of government-sponsored terrorism, characteristic of the contemporary Central American civil wars, are particularly devastating to children. In Guatemala, the Mayan population felt the worst of a systematic and brutal counterinsurgency, where over 400 rural villages were destroyed between 1981 and 1983. This research is intended to elucidate selected characteristics of the psychosocial trauma of civil war as experienced by Guatemalan Mayan children, to describe some of the sociocultural effects of civil war on the children's Mayan ethnic identity and to identify those factors that helped them to survive severe trauma and loss. Specifically, during the summer of 1988, 32 children in Guatemala and 36 exiled in Mexico, between the ages of 8 and 16, participated in research designed to compare the negative effects of civil war and the adaptive capabilities of children who have experienced the trauma of the loss of immediate family members, the witnessing of violent crimes and the displacement from their homes. In addition to a semi-structure, open-ended interview and taped personal story/testimonies, several traditional psychological instruments were used to facilitate our understanding of the overall well-being of these children who have been affected by systematic violence. The long-term effects of this trauma cannot be fully anticipated, but the results suggest that these children suffer an abiding fear and face many uncertainties. The children in the orphanages in Guatemala have few expectations for the future and those in refugee camps in Mexico see a bleak future with few opportunities besides survival. The training and preparation of community mental health workers is a realistic possibility with positive effects for the psychic health of the children. Language: en
A Micromachined Dual-Backplate Capacitive Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurements

This paper presents the development of a micro-machined dual-backplate capacitive microphone for aeroacoustic measurements. The device theory, fabrication, and characterization are discussed. The microphone is fabricated using the five-layer planarized-polysilicon SUMMiT V process at Sandia National Laboratories. The microphone consists of a 0.46-mm-diameter 2.25-mum-thick circular diaphragm and two circular backplates. The diaphragm is separated from each backplate by a 2-mum air gap. Experimental characterization of the microphone shows a sensitivity of 390 muV/Pa. The dynamic range of the microphone interfaced with a charge amplifier extends from the noise floor of 41 dB/ radicHz up to 164 dB and the resonant frequency is 178 kHz.
Prospective adaptive navigator correction for breath‐hold MR coronary angiography

Current MR coronary angiography (MRCA) methods use breath-holding to minimize respiratory motion. A major limitation to this technique is misregistration between imaging slices due to breath-hold variability. Prospective adaptive correction of image location using real-time navigator measurement of diaphragm position is a potential method for improving slice registration in breath-hold MRCA. Ten subjects underwent MRCA using an ECG-gated, fat-suppressed, segmented k-space, gradient-echo sequence. Transverse and coronal images were acquired using standard breath-holding with and without prospective navigator correction. Breath-hold MRCA with prospective navigator correction resulted in a 47% reduction in craniocaudal slice registration error compared to standard breath-holding (0.9 +/- 0.2 mm versus 1.7 +/- 0.4 mm, P = 0.04). Prospective adaptive navigator correction of image location significantly improves slice registration for breath-hold MRCA and is a promising motion correction technique for cardiac MR.
Comprehensive Allergy Evaluation Is Useful in the Subsequent Care of Patients with Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions During Anesthesia

Background For patients with a history of drug hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) during anesthesia, strategies to minimize risk with subsequent anesthesia are unclear. Identification of the cause of HSR during anesthesia remains challenging. Objective To determine the success of a comprehensive allergy evaluation and management plan for patients with HSR during anesthesia, including identification of the causative agent and review of outcomes during subsequent anesthesia exposure. Methods We performed chart reviews of patients referred for the evaluation of HSR during anesthesia between 2003 and 2012. Data collection included patient characteristics, signs/symptoms of HSR during anesthesia, and subsequent outcomes. Patients underwent comprehensive allergy evaluation including skin testing for identifying potential culprit agents, and the results were used to provide recommendations for any subsequent anesthesia. Results Over the 10-year study period, 73 patients with HSR during anesthesia were referred for further evaluation. Thirteen patients (18%) had positive skin test results to a drug received during anesthesia. One patient with a positive skin test result was diagnosed with mastocytosis. The causative agents identified in these 13 patients included latex, β-lactam antibiotics, neuromuscular blockers, tetracaine, odansetron, and fentanyl. On follow-up, 47 of the 73 patients (64%) subsequently underwent procedures requiring anesthesia. Using our recommendations from evaluation and testing, 45 of these 47 patients (96%) successfully tolerated subsequent anesthesia. The 2 patients who developed recurrent HSR during anesthesia were later diagnosed with mast cell disorders. Conclusions Our comprehensive evaluation and management plan minimizes risk with subsequent anesthesia even when the cause of HSR could not be identified. Baseline tryptase levels may be helpful in this patient population to diagnose mast cell disorders.
A1 adenosine receptor–stimulated exocytosis in bladder umbrella cells requires phosphorylation of ADAM17 Ser-811 and EGF receptor transactivation

Despite the importance of ADAM17-dependent cleavage in normal biology and disease, the physiological cues that trigger its activity, the effector pathways that promote its function, and the mechanisms that control its activity, particularly the role of phosphorylation, remain unresolved. Using native bladder epithelium, in some cases transduced with adenoviruses encoding small interfering RNA, we observe that stimulation of apically localized A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) triggers a Gi-Gβγ-phospholipase C-protein kinase C (PKC) cascade that promotes ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF cleavage, EGFR transactivation, and apical exocytosis. We further show that the cytoplasmic tail of rat ADAM17 contains a conserved serine residue at position 811, which resides in a canonical PKC phosphorylation site, and is phosphorylated in response to A1AR activation. Preventing this phosphorylation event by expression of a nonphosphorylatable ADAM17S811A mutant or expression of a tail-minus construct inhibits A1AR-stimulated, ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF cleavage. Furthermore, expression of ADAM17S811A in bladder tissues impairs A1AR-induced apical exocytosis. We conclude that adenosine-stimulated exocytosis requires PKC- and ADAM17-dependent EGFR transactivation and that the function of ADAM17 in this pathway depends on the phosphorylation state of Ser-811 in its cytoplasmic domain.
Access Without Support is not Opportunity

Donald, who describes himself as black, Indian, and Dominican, went to two high schools in San Francisco and Los Angeles. He liked the first school. It was challenging and the teachers were concerned about his welfare. But because of family problems, he left San Francisco and moved in with a foster family in Los Angeles. There he went to a school he describes as a "bad, bad school." He didn't learn anything and soon quit. Undeterred, he earned a GED and entered Cerritos Community College, living on his own at age 21 and determined to get a college degree.
Leukocyte‐reduction to prevent transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus infections

Certain infectious organisms, including cytomegalovirus, are associated 'exclusively' with blood leukocytes (WBC), and their transmission by transfusion is strikingly diminished by marked WBC-reduction of cellular blood components. Based on several reports of WBC-reduction, it is clear that the risk of CMV is nearly eliminated by consistently removing WBC to a level < 1-5 x 10(6) WBCs/unit (< or = 1 x 10(6) preferred in Europe; < or = 5 x 10(6) in the United States). Alternatively, the rate of CMV infections is reduced by transfusing blood components collected from donors negative for CMV antibody. However, neither technique is perfect, with a failure rate of 1-4%. Although WBC-reduction is favored by many experts, practitioners must choose the method that they believe to be most efficacious--being mindful that data do not exist to establish additive protection by combining WBC-reduction and transfusion of blood components collected from antibody negative donors.
Principles and Applications of Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is an important and effective modality of modern cancer treatment. Practitioners are encouraged to become familiar with this branch of medicine because it can be employed in the local practice setting. In the process of providing service for clientele and care for their pets, practicing clinicians will inevitably be confronted with involvement in some aspect of a chemotherapeutic protocol initiated by a veterinary oncologist. With an understanding of the principles of chemotherapy, the toxicities inherent in the use of these compounds, and the judicious handling of these agents, veterinarians will be able to provide a better standard of care for the animals presented to them.
Histochemical fluorescence of intracerebrally implanted serotonin

Abstract Serotonin was implanted into the brain of freely moving rats for periods of 1–10 min. The brains were processed for the detection of monoamines according to the histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp. Fluorescence patterns of the implanted serotonin were determined microscopically. Observations indicate that, unlike the results of previous studies employing dopamine and norepinephrine, serotonin appears to remain confined to the site of implantation. While a minimal degree of spread through heavily myelinated fiber bundles was observed, no involvement of the ventricular system was apparent.
1La transitions of jet-cooled indoles and complexes from two-photon fluorescence excitation

We have observed the polarization resolved two-photon fluorescence excitation spectra of jet cooled (2 to 8 K) indole. 1La lines are distinguished from 1Lb lines by their reduced intensity under excitation with circularly polarized light and by their sharp Q branch using linear polarization. Extensive one-photon excitation spectra of complexes of indole with methanol, H2O, and D2O have been obtained. The pair of '1La' lines at 455 and 480 cm-1 shift only a few wavenumbers more than the 1Lb lines in the type I complexes (where indole is thought to be a H-bond donor) but undergo large intensity redistribution, casting doubt on their assignment as the 1La 'origin'. In the methanol complex I, the 480 cm-1 line does retain its 1La character (as the origin at -160 cm-1 from the bare origin also retains all of its 1Lb character). Previous work on the D2O complex revealed that the Franck-Condon active intermolecular vibrations involve translation of the water center-of-mass by 0.4 angstroms in the case of the type II ('(pi) ') complex at -450 cm-1. Except for a few transitions in the complex indole + methanol, type II peaks are not seen at higher energies in the spectra of the complexes due to their low intensity.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Temporal Dimensions of the Fertility Transition: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Frontier Fertility

This paper evaluates age period and cohort effects on marital fertility during onset of the Utah fertility transition (1880-1900). Computerized genealogies are used to derive age-period-cohort fertility rates for 49842 once-married couples. Age period and cohort effects on marital fertility are then estimated using Johnsons (1985) relational model. Declining marital fertility in Utah is shown to be explained by both lower fertility levels across periods and increasing age-specific limitation across cohorts. Direct cohort effects on fertility are insignificant. These results are consistent with prior research and the view that fertility levels were adaptive (in part through birth spacing across ages) to immediate contexts of childbearing while age-specific fertility truncation increased across cohorts (in part through the more general diffusion of contraceptive innovations). (EXCERPT)
Velocity Analysis by Means of the Stern-Gerlach Effect

A Stern-Gerlach experiment furnishes a convenient method of studying the velocity distribution in a molecular beam. In addition it is possible to obtain some information concerning the behavior of the field gradient as a function of position. This method has been applied to a beam of alkali atoms and shows that with low vapor pressure in the oven the Maxwell distribution law is fulfilled whereas at oven pressures such that the mean free path is much less than the width of the oven slit a departure sets in. It is found that the field gradient is quite uniform over almost half the trough height for deflections inside the trough. Toward the wedge the gradient varies rapidly.
Effects of Kinetin on the Permeability of Allium cepa Cells

Permeability changes of Allium cepa cells were studied by a plasmometric method. Onion epidermis was floated in phosphate buffer solution with kinetin (2.5 milligrams/liter), or buffer without kinetin as a control, for 10 hours. The treated and control tissues were then transferred to one of the following four permeants: thiourea, urea, maloamide, dimethylurea. Kinetin treatment increased the permeability of onion epidermal cells to thiourea and urea. The kinetin effect on permeability to malonamide and dimethylurea was not significant. It is suggested that kinetin might affect the protein component of the cell membrane.
Development of Supported Ethanolamines and Modified Ethanolamines for CO2 Capture

Liquid amines can be immobilized within the pores of polymeric supports to provide a regenerable CO2 sorbent. This paper describes the capture of CO2 by a range of ethanolamines (primary, secondary, and tertiary) immobilized within the pores of high-surface-area poly(methyl methacrylate) beads. These supported amines were used to remove low concentrations (7.6 mmHg) of CO2 by a pressure swing absorption process, where low-pressure vacuum was used to desorb the CO2 and regenerate the sorbent. The effect on CO2 capture of modification of primary amines to secondary amines by reaction with acrylonitrile was also evaluated. The modified amines provided nearly a factor of 2 increase in CO2 removal capacity compared to the original primary amines. These results suggest that modified amines could potentially be used for CO2 capture in space life support systems as well as for terrestrial flue gas CO2 removal applications.
Is chess the drosophila of artificial intelligence? A social history of an algorithm:

Since the mid 1960s, researchers in computer science have famously referred to chess as the 'drosophila' of artificial intelligence (AI). What they seem to mean by this is that chess, like the common fruit fly, is an accessible, familiar, and relatively simple experimental technology that nonetheless can be used productively to produce valid knowledge about other, more complex systems. But for historians of science and technology, the analogy between chess and drosophila assumes a larger significance. As Robert Kohler has ably described, the decision to adopt drosophila as the organism of choice for genetics research had far-reaching implications for the development of 20th century biology. In a similar manner, the decision to focus on chess as the measure of both human and computer intelligence had important and unintended consequences for AL research. This paper explores the emergence of chess as an experimental technology, its significance in the developing research practices of the AI community, and the unique ways in which the decision to focus on chess shaped the program of AI research in the decade of the 1970s. More broadly, it attempts to open up the virtual black box of computer software--and of computer games in particular--to the scrutiny of historical and sociological analysis.
Volcanic activity in the Bering Sea

The area of Bering Sea is one of comparatively recent subsidence, the western portion being deep and the eastern shallow. Along its southern border is the Aleutian Arc, a line of islands, mostly volcanic, with many active volcanoes, including Bogoslof, St. Augustine, Shishaldin, Makuschin, Katmai, and others. The present note is to call the attention of the Section of Volcanology to the apparently little-known fact that there has been very recent, if not present, volcanic activity north of the Aleutian Arc, within the eastern portion of Bering Sea.
Analysis of line acoustical waves in general piezoelectric crystals

An analysis of line acoustical waves along wedges in general piezoelectric crystals is described using an orthonormal basis set for the expansion of field quantities. The analysis takes into account electrical short-circuit or open-circuit boundary conditions on either or both wedge surfaces. Results are presented for a 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} wedge in lithium niobate which agree with finite-element calculations. Compact analytic expressions for the field quantities are obtained which closely approximate the exact field distribution.
Role of HER2 status in the treatment for brain metastases arising from breast cancer with stereotactic radiosurgery.

HER2-positive breast cancer is a known risk factor for CNS metastases, and the use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting does not prevent brain metastases. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes in HER2-positive and HER2-negative intracranial disease treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Among 57 breast cancer patients with brain metastases, 28 patients were HER2-positive. All patients were treated with SRS as their first treatment modality for CNS metastases. The median dose was 20 Gy (range 12–20 Gy). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and χ2 test. With a median follow-up of 11.0 months, the median time to progression in the HER2-positive group compared with the HER2-negative group was 7 versus 11 months (p = 0.080), respectively. Salvage therapy was performed in 50 % of HER2-positive patients compared with 21 % of HER2-negative patients (p = 0.02). The median OS for the HER2-positive group compared with the HER2-negative group was 22 versus 12 months (p = 0.053). Stereotactic radiosurgery results in excellent local control in the treatment for breast cancer brain metastases. Compared with HER2-negative disease, HER2-positive disease appears to show higher rates of intracranial relapse despite better overall survival rates. This data suggests that we need effective adjuvant therapy to prevent and treat brain metastases in HER2-positive patients.
In vitro production of human fecal mutagen.

Abstract The feces of some normal humans were previously shown to be mutagenic by the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with strain TA100. In the present study, the mutagenicity of feces of certain donors can be increased by anaerobic incubation for 96 h. The increase in mutagenicity did not occur upon incubation in the cold or in air, in the presence of antimicrobial agents or it the feces were sterilized by heat. On thin-layer chromotographs, the relative mobility of fecal mutagen from all donors after incubation was the same in any one of 4 different solvent systems. The major mutagenicity appears to be due to a single type of compound which may be produced by anaerobic bacteria.
Head morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4 I. Isolation and characterization of gene 40 mutants

Abstract Bacteriophage T4 gene 40 was classified originally as an essential gene for capsid formation because temperature-sensitive mutations in gene 40 result in polyhead production in the infected cells. Amber, ochre, and opal mutants in this gene have now been isolated and characterized and are found to grow with low efficiency on suppressor-negative strains of Escherichia coli at low temperature. Therefore, it is concluded that gene 40 product is absolutely required for T4 head assembly only at high temperature. A new location for gene 40 on the T4 genetic map has been established. It maps between gene 41 and gene 42, rather than between gene 58–61 and gene 41. Gene 40 is transcribed counterclockwise, which is concluded from mapping and polyacrylamide gel analysis of gene 40 amber mutants. The product of gene 40 is identified as a protein of MW ∼14,000 under quasi-late regulation whose synthesis gradually decreases at late times. Phage production is greatly reduced in the absence of gene 40 product. However, there seems to be no significant delay in phage maturation in the absence of gene 40 product. Polyheads are produced in suppressor-negative strains of E. coli at both 30° and 42° following gene 40 mutant infection.
V3: Endoscopic sclerotherapy for dilated gastrojejunostomy after gastric bypass

Abstract Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an excellent option for weight loss in the morbidly obese. Unfortunately, some patients do have weight regain or insufficient weight loss. Revisional bariatric surgery is not without risk. Less invasive techniques may provide alternative treatments for patients that regain weight or have insufficient weight loss. This video demonstrates a technique of endoscopic sclerotherapy for dilated gastrojejunostomy after gastric bypass. Methods: The technique is applied to patients who have had weight regain or insufficient weight loss following gastric bypass. Patients who have lost the feeling of satiety, undergone reeducation and recounseling of dietary changes, and have documented dilated gastrojejunostomy on upper endoscopy and/or a barium study are offered this technique. If the gastojejunostomy is larger than 12 mm, sodium morrhuate is injected with an endoscopic needle circumferentially. Results: The gastrojejunostomy is injected with 6–30 cc of sodium morr...
Preoperative diagnosis of unilateral multicystic kidney with hydropelvis

Abstract We present 2 patients with congenital unilateral multicystic kidney disease with hydropelvis. In the first patient the diagnosis was made by precutaneous puncture of a renal cyst followed by injection of contrast medium; in the second the diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous puncture of the renal pelvis and injection of contrast medium, although an earlier ultrasonic examination had been strongly suggestive. Since in this condition the cysts and the renal pelvis communicate, either can be punctured to make the diagnosis. The procedures herein described are definitive for the diagnosis and should be followed whenever the urologist desires such a diagnosis.