cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory of Hypervalency: Recoupled Pair Bonding in SFn(n= 1-6)

To gain new insight into the nature of hypervalency, we have characterized the bonding across the entire SFn sequence (n = 1−6) with high-level quantum chemical theory (multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations using correlation consistent basis sets). In contrast to most previous studies, this work examined both the stable equilibrium structures and the process of SFn−F bond formation. We conclude that two different types of bonding can occur in these species: normal polar covalent bonding and a new type that we call recoupled pair bonding. The two bonding processes can be seen in diatomic SF, where hypervalent behavior first occurs. In the covalently bonded 2Π ground state, the bond is formed by straightforward singlet coupling of electrons in the singly occupied S 3p and F 2p orbitals. But there is also a low-lying 4Σ− excited state where the S 3p2 pair of electrons must first be decoupled so that one of the electrons can singlet couple with the electron in the F 2p orbi...
A conserved disulfide motif in human tear lipocalins influences ligand binding.

Structural and functional characteristics of the disulfide motif have been determined for tear lipocalins, members of a novel group of proteins that carry lipids. Amino acid sequences for two of the six isolated isoforms were assigned by a comparison of molecular mass measurements with masses calculated from the cDNA-predicted protein sequence and available N-terminal protein sequence data. A third isoform was tentatively sequence assigned using the same criteria. The most abundant isoform has a measured mass of 17 446.3 Da, consistent with residues 19−176 of the putative precursor (calculated mass 17 445.8 Da). Chemical derivatization of native and reduced/denatured protein confirmed the presence of a single intramolecular disulfide bond in the native protein. Reactivity of native, reduced, and denatured protein with 4-pyridine disulfide and dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) indicated that access to the free cysteine is markedly restricted by the intact disulfide bridge. Mass measurements of tryptic fragmen...
Cognition and social information-gathering strategies: reinterpretation assessment in second-guessing

Effective social decision making often depends upon gathering needed information. Since the kind and quality of information obtained depends on the tactics used to gain it, the study of information-gathering tactics is of prime importance in understanding the processes of social decision making. We focused on one facet of information-gathering—the cognitive process of second-guessing developed by Hewes and Planalp (1982). We developed and tested a theory of reinterpretation assessment that explores the relationship between second-guessing and the use of social information-gathering tactics. Four of the five principles on which this theory is based are tested empirically. They concern the effects of motivational (need for accuracy), cognitive (processing load), and practical (social effort) antecedents on the tactics employed by social actors to improve subjectively the quality of their reinterpretations of messages. Moderate support is garnered for all four principles. Some challenging anomalies result in modifications of the theory.
Correlation of mitochondrial cytochrome concentration and activity to oxygen availability in the newborn.

Effect of in vivo oxygenation on mitochondrial respiratory chain capacity was studied in newborn puppies. Heart mitochondria were isolated from 0 to 7 days. As the arterial PO2 rises sharply during the first 3–4 days, State 3 respiratory capacity and Ca++ transport activity decrease linearly. Cytochrome c and a + a3 concentrations increase rapidly. Thus the enzymatic turnover of the respiratory chain decreases to one-fifth of the fetal term value in 4 days. These data are in agreement with earlier results indicating a strong controlling effect of in vivo oxygenation on mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
Microcomputer implementation of a program scheduling network using simulation

A simulation model based on a simple and effective logic has been developed and implemented on a microcomputer to be used by the coordinating office staff of the national univeristy teleconferencing network (NUTN) in their future program planning. With the anticipated growth of the network, it is essential for the coordinating office staff to consider frequent model analyses with changes in model parameters. This requires the model lo be flexible and easy to use. These factors have been considered in the implementation of the model. Both qualitative and quantitative data have been used in the development of the model, and is further analysed based on two priority rules. The results obtained from the model have been used by the coordinating office staff as suitable decision rules for effective program planning during both developmental and permanent phases of the network.
Stimulatory effects of Nd:YAG lasers on canine articular cartilage

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of Nd:YAG laser energy on the healing of full- and partial-thickness articular cartilage defects in canines
Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy

Biomedical application of nanotechnology is a rapidly developing area that raises new prospect in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. The ability to incorporate drugs or genes into a functionalized nanoparticle demonstrates a new era in pharmacotherapy for delivering drugs or genes selectively to tissues or cells. It is envisioned that the transfer of nanoengineering capability into disease therapy will provide constant and concentrated drug delivery to targeted tissues, minimizing systemic side effects and toxicity. We have in this article highlighted the recent state of the art in nanomedicine, focusing particularly on the achievement of nanotechnology in nanoscale drug and gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a specific emphasis has been placed on the use of nanotechnology to improve controlled drug release and sustainable drug delivery in solid tumors and on new drug therapies for age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
A chromosome inversion alters the pattern of specific DNA replication in Drosophila follicle cells.

Abstract The ocelliless ( oc ) mutation is associated with a small chromosome inversion ( In (1)7F1,2-8A1,2) whose distal breakpoint is located 1–3 kb upstream from the s36-1 and s38-1 chorion protein structural genes. The breakpoint lies within the central portion of a 90 kb region, containing chorion genes and adjacent chromosomal sequences, which normally undergoes amplification in ovarian follicle cells (Spradling, 1981). The pattern of differential replication of these sequences is drastically altered in the ocelliless chromosome. The 40 kb of DNA lying distal to the 7F breakpoint completely fails to amplify. The remaining 50 kb, now located at cytogenetic locus 8A, still undergoes amplification, although of a somewhat reduced magnitude. Amplification "spreads" past the proximal breakpoint, however, because normally unamplified sequences adjacent to the breakpoint in 8A differentially replicate in ocelliless follicle cells. These observations suggest that a specific chromosomal region located proximal to the ocelliless breakpoint at 7F is required in cis for amplification, possibly as a specific origin of replication. The pattern of amplification in ocelliless is explained most simply by the repositioning of this control sequence due to the inversion. As a consequence, the dosage of large, continuous chromosome regions adjacent to the breakpoints is altered in follicle cells. The effects of the ocelliless inversion on chorion gene expression are analogous to the "position effects" associated with many other chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila. Disturbances of differential DNA replication may be reponsible for additional examples of position effects.
Tined Transvenous Endocardial Electrodes: Results of a Randomized Prospective Study

The early (30-day) dislodgment rate of standard-use flange-tipped and of tined endocardial electrodes was compared in a randomized prospective clinical trial. Four of 16 (25%) of the flange-tipped leads and none of the 18 tined leads dislodged within 30 days of implantation (p = 0.01). We believe that the tined electrode represents a major improvement in electrode design and is clearly superior to the flange-tipped electrode in reducing the incidence of early dislodgment.
Protein synthesis in human leukocytes and lymphocytes: 4. The effect of cortisol on RNA and protein synthesis in lymphocytes

The aim of the present study is to determine, via more direct procedures, the in vitro effect of cortisol on the incorporation of RNA and protein precursors by human lymphocytes. Purified normal human lymphocytes were cultured with and without cortisol for periods up to 2 hours with labelled RNA or protein precursors. Radioautography of such cultures demonstrated that the presence of cortisol results in a) a greater decrease of uridine incorporation in the nucleus than that observed in the cytoplasm, and, b) that incorporation of protein precursors is also decreased. Biochemical analysis of parallel cultures demonstrated that a portion of the total decrease of uridine incorporation promoted by cortisol is the result of enhanced degradation of newly synthesized RNA, a process requiring cellular energy.
Research Policy and Review 16. Geographical Disparities in State Cancer-Prevention Policies: The Need for Strong Federal Intervention:

Analysis of changes in cancer mortality rates and cancer prevention programs shows that the states that experienced the sharpest increases in cancer mortality during the last thirty years have the ...
Robot-Assisted Healthcare Support for an Aging Society

Eldercare is one of the most important healthcare concerns, particularly in countries whose populations are rapidly aging. This paper proposes the use of a robot system to improve the quality of life of elderly people in two ways, first by monitoring their home care services using image and sound sensors in the robots, and the second by assisting elders by understanding social situations using face authentication technology. This paper presents a concrete set of security policies to protect the privacy of the care-receiver of such home care services. An IT system architecture is also presented to monitor the data in a secure manner. Experimental results show the effectiveness and the practicality of the proposed robot system for typical home care services.
A self-sustaining ultrahigh-frequency nanoelectromechanical oscillator

Sensors based on nanoelectromechanical systems vibrating at high and ultrahigh frequencies are capable of levels of performance that surpass those of larger sensors. Nanoelectromechanical devices have achieved unprecedented sensitivity in the detection of displacement, mass, force and charge. To date, these milestones have been achieved with passive devices that require external periodic or impulsive stimuli to excite them into resonance. Here, we demonstrate an autonomous and self-sustaining nanoelectromechanical oscillator that generates continuous ultrahigh-frequency signals when powered by a steady d.c. source. The frequency-determining element in the oscillator is a 428 MHz nanoelectromechanical resonator that is embedded within a tunable electrical feedback network to generate active and stable self-oscillation. Our prototype nanoelectromechanical oscillator exhibits excellent frequency stability, linewidth narrowing and low phase noise performance. Such ultrahigh-frequency oscillators provide a comparatively simple means for implementing a wide variety of practical sensing applications. They also offer intriguing opportunities for nanomechanical frequency control, timing and synchronization.
CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO MOUSE TUMORS: SOME RECENT FINDINGS*

Lymphocyte mediated immune reactions play a major role in the immunological defense against antigenic tumor cells. Serum factors (antigens, antigen-antibody complexes) can thwart these reactions, perhaps by interfering with a lymphocyte "activation" process. Blocking factors can be eluted from lymphoid cells harvested from tumor-bearing animals. One way of increasing cell-mediated reactivity to tumor antigens appears to be to sensitize (or "activate") lymphocytes against tumor antigens in vitro. Another way may be to inoculate animals with sera containing lymphocyte-dependent and unblocking antibodies. Preliminary evidence is presented that inoculation of such sera from rabbits immunized with mouse embryonie cells and extensively absorbed may delay the appearance of primary, methyleholanthrene-induced sarcomas in BALB/c mice; the mechanisms responsible for this delay remain unknown.
Adaptive security provision for increased energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper introduces a novel optimization strategy for increasing the resource efficiency and security of data routing in a wireless sensor network. Most secure routing schemes found in the literature provision security at the highest level by involving sophisticated data encryption with a large key. This imposes lots of overhead both in computation, while performing the encryption and decryption, and in communication due to bit padding. The proposed optimization approach strives to adapt the security measures to the trust level on the nodes on the path and factors in the security-related overhead in the link cost. In addition, a novel path rotation scheme is proposed to enable the use of resource-efficient security measures without risking an increase in vulnerability. The applicability of the proposed optimization is validated using the Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol and its performance advantage is confirmed via ns2 simulation experiments.
Correlation of Angiography and MR Imaging in Cerebral Vasculitis

Purpose: MR imaging and cerebral angiography were correlated in patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) to assess the relative roles of these imaging modalities in the diagnosis.Material and Methods: In 9 patients, MR imaging and angiography were compared with regard to the relative involvement of each major vascular territory. Vascular territories assessed were the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior fossa.Results: All patients had angiographic findings consistent with vasculitis in multiple vascular territories. MR findings ranged from normal to diffusely abnormal. One patient had a completely normal MR investigation. of 50 territories affected by vasculitis on angiography, 17 (34%) were normal on MR.Conclusion: Relative to cerebral angiography, MR imaging is a poor indicator of the presence or absence of PACNS. Angiography is indicated when clinical suspicion of PACNS is strong, regardless of the findings on MR.
Adenylyl cyclase 6 mediates the action of cyclic AMP‐dependent secretagogues in mouse pancreatic exocrine cells via protein kinase A pathway activation

Key points • Cyclic AMP (cAMP), produced from ATP and the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC), plays an important role in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine cells. • We identified five AC isoforms in pancreatic exocrine cells. AC3, AC4, AC6 and AC9 are expressed in both pancreatic acini and duct fragments, whereas AC7 is expressed only in duct fragments. • In mice deficient in AC6, cAMP formation and protein kinase A activation were impaired. As a consequence, a reduction in amylase secretion and pancreatic fluid production was observed. • These results indicate that AC6 plays a regulatory role in pancreatic exocrine cells. Abstract Both secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors are responsible for the activation of adenylyl cyclases (ACs), which increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in the exocrine pancreas. There are nine membrane-associated isoforms, each with its own pattern of expression and regulation. In this study we sought to establish which AC isoforms play a regulatory role in pancreatic exocrine cells. Using RT-PCR, AC3, AC4, AC6, AC7 and AC9 were found to be expressed in the pancreas. AC3, AC4, AC6 and AC9 were expressed in both pancreatic acini and ducts, whereas AC7 was expressed only in pancreatic ducts. Based on known regulation by intracellular signals, selective inhibitors and stimulators were used to suggest which isoforms play an important role in the induction of cAMP formation. AC6 appeared to be an important isoform because protein kinase A (PKA), PKC and calcium all inhibited VIP-induced cAMP formation, whereas calcineurin or calmodulin did not modify the response to VIP. Mice with genetically deleted AC6 were studied and showed reduced cAMP formation and PKA activation in both isolated pancreatic acini and duct fragments. The absence of AC6 reduced cAMP-dependent secretagogue-stimulated amylase secretion, and abolished fluid secretion in both in vivo and isolated duct fragments. In conclusion, several AC isoforms are expressed in pancreatic acini and ducts. AC6 mediates a significant part of pancreatic amylase and fluid secretion in response to secretin, VIP and forskolin through cAMP/PKA pathway activation.
The corrosion of single crystals, bicrystals and polycrystals of an austenitic stainless steel in boiling nitric acid☆

Abstract Single crystals, bicrystals and polycrystals of 20%Cr–20%Ni austenitic stainless steel were corroded in boiling nitric acid. The weight loss was independent of crystallographic orientation, grain size, and heat treatment. Metallographic observations showed no correlation between weight loss and microstructure. Adding 5 g/l of CrP 6+ , which is known to accelerate rates by one to two orders of magnitude, did not change the above conclusions. No significant change in the corrosion rates and morphologies occurred for single and bicrystals, even for those of high carbon (0·06%) and high nitrogen (0·24%) content, after ageing under conditions which normally produce marked sensitization in polycrystalline samples.
Surface-Emitting Circular DFB, Disk-, and Ring-Bragg Resonator Lasers with Chirped Gratings. III: Gain Saturation Effects and Above-Threshold Analysis

As Part III of this series, this paper focuses on an above-threshold modal analysis which includes gain saturation effects in the surface-emitting chirped circular grating lasers. We derive an exact energy relation which states that, in steady state, the net power generated in the gain medium is equal to the sum of peripheral leakage power and vertical emission power. This relation is particularly useful in checking the accuracy of numerical mode solving. Numerical simulations demonstrate the dependence of required pump level on the vertical emission power and compare the laser threshold and energy conversion efficiency under uniform, Gaussian, and annular pump profiles. A larger overlap between the pump profile and modal intensity distribution leads to a lower threshold and a higher energy conversion efficiency. Finally the dependence of required pump level on device sizes offers us new design guidelines of these lasers for single-mode, high-efficiency, high-power applications.
Influence of feedback on the stochastic evolution of simple climate systems

We consider the dynamical evolution of a simple climate system that describes the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere owing to radiative forcing and coupling to a positive feedback variable such as the concentration of greenhouse gases in the presence of fluctuations. Analysing the resulting stochastic dynamical system shows that, if the temperature relaxes rapidly relative to the concentration, the time-dependent and stationary probability density functions (pdfs) for the temperature rise possess a fat tail. In contrast, if the feedback variable relaxes rapidly relative to the temperature, the pdf has no fat tail, and, instead, the system shows critical slowing down as the singular limit of positive feedback is approached. However, if there is uncertainty in the feedback variable itself, a fat tail can reappear. Our analysis may be generalized to more complex models with similar qualitative results. Our results have policy implications: although fat tails imply that the expectation of plausible damage functions is infinite, the pdfs permit an examination of the trade-off between reducing emissions and reducing the positive feedback gain.
A dense network of dendritic cells populates the murine epididymis.

One of the most intriguing aspects of male reproductive physiology is the ability to generate spermatogenic cells - which are “foreign” to the host - without triggering immune activation. After leaving the testis, spermatozoa enter the epididymis where they mature and are stored. We report here a previously unrecognized dense network of dendritic cells located at the base of the epididymal epithelium. This network was detected in transgenic mice expressing CD11c-EYFP and CX3CR1-GFP reporters. Epididymal dendritic cells (eDCs) establish intimate interactions with the epithelium and project long dendrites between epithelial cells toward the lumen. We show that isolated eDCs express numerous leukocyte markers described previously in other organs that are in contact with the external environment, and present and cross-present ovalbumin to T cells in vitro. eDCs are, therefore, strategically positioned to regulate the complex interplay between immune tolerance and activation, a balance that is fundamental to male fertility.
Multilevel interventions: measurement and measures.

Multilevel intervention research holds the promise of more accurately representing real-life situations than single-level intervention research and, thus, with the proper research design and measures, being more likely to facilitate the effective and efficient resolution of complex health-care systems problems (1–3). Taking a multilevel approach to cancer care interventions, however, creates measurement challenges and opportunities. Some measurement issues are similar to those arising in single-level interventions, whereas some are unique to multilevel interventions (4,5). The purpose of this article is to examine the state of measurement in multilevel cancer intervention research and to suggest how opportunities in the field may be addressed by drawing on the measurement literature in other fields. One of the unique aspects of measurement in multilevel intervention research is that consideration of within and between level effects is needed. For multilevel interventions, it is not sufficient to measure effects at the different levels of intervention (eg, patient and health-care team), cross-level effects must also be taken into consideration (eg, the effect of patients on the team and the team on the patients). Furthermore, some measurement issues may be more complex when conducting multilevel intervention research, and some measurement rules of thumb may be uniquely associated with specific levels of analysis (eg, group or organization levels of analysis) (6,7). Because multilevel interventions are based on systems theory [whether general systems (8–10), social ecological systems (11,12), or complex adaptive systems (13) models], they require identification of key constructs and measures by level and consideration of interactions within and across levels (6). Thus, multilevel intervention research benefits from thoughtful planning and design, an interdisciplinary approach, mixed methods (eg, a combination of objective factors, surveys, interviews, observations) measurement and analysis, and careful attention to the congruence of theory, constructs, and measures. Through a systematic review of the literature, this article examines the state of measurement in multilevel cancer care intervention research, identifies measurement opportunities in the field, and draws upon other fields to provide direction about measures and measurement to multilevel cancer care intervention researchers.
Moving out of IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback): A Single Case Analysis

A common practice in classroom discourse is the IRF sequence (teacher initiation– student response–teacher feedback; Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975; cf. IRE in Mehan, 1979). Based on a single case analysis from an adult English as a second language (ESL) class, this article demonstrates how one ESL student manages, in close coordination with the teacher, to move out of a series of uninterrupted IRFs during a homework review activity, establishing instead a renewed participation structure that allows for student-initiated negotiations, which her coparticipants then jointly orient to and successfully accomplish. The analysis suggests that creating negotiation-rich opportunities is paramount not just during pair and group activities, but more critically, during teacher–whole class interactions.
Isolation of Vibrio Cholerae from the Brain of a Feedlot Heifer with Meningoencephalitis

A 700-pound, 9-month-old Angus heifer from a feedlot presented with acute neurologic signs, characterized by circling, posterior weakness, and nonresponsiveness, followed by death. Histologically, the frontal lobe and the thalamus contained multiple foci of liquefaction that contained numerous degenerative neutrophils and foamy macrophages. Some of these foci were centered on blood vessels that contained fibrin thrombi and exhibited varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall. There was adjacent axonal degeneration and neuronal necrosis characterized by pronounced cytoplasmic eosinophilia, peripheralization of the nuclei, and loss of Nissl substance. Aerobic culture of the brain yielded moderate growth of Vibrio species, which was determined to be Vibrio cholerae by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a 438-base pair fragment of the 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. V. cholerae are motile, gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacteria. Some strains of V. cholerae are important food- and water-borne bacterial pathogens that produce an often fatal diarrhea in humans. This is the first known case report of V. cholerae meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscessation in a bovine.
Topology design optimization of dielectric substrates for bandwidth improvement of a patch antenna

Most literature studies dealing with design optimization for RF applications focused to a large extend on size and shape optimization. So far, material and topology optimization has not been pursued primarily due to the challenges associated with the fabrication of inhomogeneous materials and the limited access to analysis tools. In this paper, we focus on optimum topology/material design of dielectric substrates for bandwidth enhancement of a simple patch antenna. First, the possibility of designing arbitrary dielectric constant materials using off-the-shelf dielectrics is presented as is necessary for the practical fabrication of inhomogeneous substrates. Then, a formal design optimization procedure is conducted using the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method by relying on a fast full wave finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) simulator. The SIMP method is a mathematically well-posed topology optimization algorithm because a continuous density function is used to relate the cell variable to the actual material properties. This also allows for a formulation in a versatile optimization framework. Sequential linear programming (SLP) is used to solve the nonlinear optimization procedure with the sensitivity analysis based on the adjoint variable method. An important advantage of the proposed design optimization approach is its generality to handle multiple objectives and multidisciplinary problems. Using the proposed automated design procedure, inhomogeneous substrates are designed which allow for 250% bandwidth enhancement of the square patch antenna. Typically, only a few iterations are needed to reach convergence. Finally, the designed substrate is post-processed with image processing and fabricated using thermoplastic green machining.
STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF 2-QUINOLIZIDINONES WITH LITHIUM TRI-s-BUTYLBOROHYDRIDE

(1979). STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF 2-QUINOLIZIDINONES WITH LITHIUM TRI-s-BUTYLBOROHYDRIDE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 11, No. 3-4, pp. 111-114.
Asymptotic analysis of the MMSE multiuser detector for nonorthogonal multipulse modulation

We develop the minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) multiuser detector for nonorthogonal multipulse modulation over the noncoherent additive white Gaussian noise channel. We analyze the asymptotic performance of the detector and show that, unlike the case of linear modulation, the MMSE detector does not generally approach the generalized maximum-likelihood (GML) detection rule as the noise power vanishes. It does, however, approach a detector which nulls out the multiaccess interference. This detector is termed the multipulse decorrelating detector due to its similarity to the linear decorrelating detector. The probability of error for this detector is derived and used to find the asymptotic multiuser efficiencies of both the multipulse decorrelating detector and the MMSE detector. It is shown that for noncoherent binary signaling, in which the multipulse modulation is two-dimensional, the multipulse decorrelating detector is superior to the GML detector asymptotically. This result does not generalize to larger dimensionality signal sets.
CloudVista: visual cluster exploration for extreme scale data in the cloud

The problem of efficient and high-quality clustering of extreme scale datasets with complex clustering structures continues to be one of the most challenging data analysis problems. An innovate use of data cloud would provide unique opportunity to address this challenge. In this paper, we propose the Cloud-Vista framework to address (1) the problems caused by using sampling in the existing approaches and (2) the problems with the latency caused by cloud-side processing on interactive cluster visualization. The CloudVista framework aims to explore the entire large data stored in the cloud with the help of the data structure visual frame and the previously developed VISTA visualization model. The latency of processing large data is addressed by the RandGen algorithm that generates a series of related visual frames in the cloud without user's intervention, and a hierarchical exploration model supported by cloud-side subset processing. Experimental study shows this framework is effective and efficient for visually exploring clustering structures for extreme scale datasets stored in the cloud.
The Mechanism Design Approach to Student Assignment.

The mechanism design approach to student assignment involves the theoretical, empirical, and experimental study of systems used to allocate students into schools around the world. Recent practical experience designing systems for student assignment has raised new theoretical questions for the theory of matching and assignment. This article reviews some of this recent literature, highlighting how issues from the field motivated theoretical developments and emphasizing how the dialogue may be a road map for other areas of applied mechanism design. Finally, it concludes with some open questions.
A simple method for the rapid generation of recombinant adenovirus vectors

Recombinant adenoviruses are useful vectors for basic research. When the vectors are used for delineating protein function, several viruses, each containing a mutated version of the transgene are compared at the same time. However, methods to generate multiple vectors simultaneously within a short time period are cumbersome. In this report, we show that a novel backbone plasmid, when cotransfected with routinely used shuttle vectors into HEK293 cells allowed for production of recombinant viruses in an average of 14 days. The recombinant viruses had no detectable wild-type virus contamination by A549 plaque assay and only three to 300 E1a copies per 109 adenovirus genomes by a sensitive PCR-based assay. Further culturing or serial amplification did not result in wild-type revertants nor did cultures show increased levels of E1a copy number by quantitative PCR. Thus, recombinant adenovirus vectors can be produced very simply, rapidly and with little to no contaminating wild-type particles. This system should facilitate the generation of multiple genetic variants by eliminating the need for time-consuming plaque purification and the need to manipulate and screen very large plasmids. We call this the RAPAd.I system.
Passive dilation by ureteral stenting before ureteroscopy: eliminating the need for active dilation.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We sought to evaluate the use of passive dilation by stenting of ureteral orifices that were inaccessible at initial cystoscopic evaluation in children before a ureteroscopic procedure.Materials and Methods: We evaluated all patients younger than 18 years undergoing a ureteroscopic procedure in whom the ureteral orifice could not be accessed endoscopically by a ureteroscope.Results: A total of 26 children (14 boys and 12 girls) 7.3 to 14.1 years old (median age 10.3 years) underwent 28 passive dilations of initially inaccessible ureters. Stents remained indwelling for 2 to 8 weeks (median 3). All patients underwent successful ureteroscopy with a semirigid and/or flexible ureteroscope after preoperative stent placement. No patient required active dilation of the ureteral orifice at ureteroscopy. There were no complications from stent placement before the ureteroscopic procedures. No patient had a urinary tract infection or bladder spasms requiring anticholinergic therapy from stent inserti...
MARS: A tutorial

This tutorial paper presents a simplified view of one of the more recently published multivariate calibration methods particularly suited to dealing with non-linear data sets. The method is referred to as MARS and stands for multivariate adaptive regression splines. Simple examples are provided to explain the workings of the method.
COMMON AND SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF FINE FRAGRANCES ON THE MOOD OF WOMEN

The effect of three pleasant fine women's fragrances on the mood of women was assessed. The three fragrances had similar hedonic values but different sensory characteristics. The fragrances elicited nonspecific effects on mood. All three fragrances’ impact on mood was influenced by initial mood and lasted up to three hours, i.e., as long as the scent was still noticeable. Trends revealed that all three fragrances decreased negative affect and increased vigor. Also, independent of their hedonic value, the three fragrances elicited specific mood patterns. With the “woody citrus coniferous” scent, respondents experienced higher hostility and tension. The “floral chypre citrus” fragrance decreased anger and confusion. The “floral woody” scent had the lowest Total Mood Disturbance score and lowered depression, tension and confusion.
Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Computing Using a Circuit-Architecture-Software Co-Design Approach

Reconfigurable computing frameworks such as field programmable gate array (FPGA) provide flexibility to map arbitrary applications. However, their intrinsic flexibility comes at the cost of significantly worse performance and power dissipation than their custom counterparts. Existing design solutions such as voltage scaling and multi-threshold assignment typically trade off energy for performance or vise versa. In this paper, we show that an integrated circuit-architecture-software co-design approach can be extremely effective to simultaneously improve the power and performance of a reconfigurable hardware framework, leading to large improvement in energy-delay product (EDP). First, we select a spatio-temporal reconfigurable computing architecture based on 2-threshold assignment-D memory-array. Applications are mapped to memory as multiple-input multiple-output lookup tables (LUTs) and are evaluated in temporal manner inside a computing element. Multiple such computing elements communicate spatially through programmable interconnects. Next, we exploit the read-dominant memory access pattern in reconfigurable hardware to design an asymmetric memory cell, which provides higher read performance and lower read power leading to improvement in the overall EDP during operation. We note that the proposed memory cell is also asymmetric in terms of its content, providing better read power for one of the logic states (logic “0” or “1”). Based on this observation, next we propose a content-aware application mapping approach, which tries to maximize the logic “0” or logic “1” content in the lookup tables. A design flow is presented to incorporate the proposed architecture, asymmetric memory cell design and content-aware mapping. We show that for both nanoscale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) [static random access memory (SRAM)] as well as emerging non-CMOS [spin torque transfer random access memory (STTRAM)] memory technologies, such a co-design solution can achieve significant improvement in system EDP over a conventional FPGA framework.
Microstructural Characterization of Fried Potato Disks Using X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography

Microstructural properties play a key role to affect oil uptake and product quality during frying of foods. The objective of this study was to observe the complex microstructural changes and mass transfer mechanisms in potato disks during frying. The potato disks of 1.65 mm thickness were fried at 190 °C for 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 s. X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) was used for 3-dimensional (3D) imaging of microstructure of porous potato disks. Total porosity, pore size distribution, oil content, and air content of potato disks were calculated from resulting 3D data sets. Oil and air content measured by analysis of micro-CT images followed trends similar to Soxtec and gas pycnometry methods, respectively. Image analysis showed a significant change in pore size distribution as a function of frying time. Frying time was also observed to have an effect on tortuosity, which is an important microstructural fluid transport property. Tortuosity was measured by path length ratio method from 3D data sets obtained from image analysis. A linear inverse relationship was observed between porosity and tortuosity where tortuosity decreased with the increase of porosity. It was also observed that during frying, oil content increased with the decrease of tortuosity. This phenomenon indicated that the lower tortuosity created a less complicated and sinuous path, thus resulting in less resistance to oil penetration. Micro-CT technique can serve as an effective tool for elucidating microstructure of fried foods, and can provide complementary information to conventional lab techniques.
Resistive Materials Applied to Quick Light-off Catalysts

The application of resistive materials as part of an exhaust emission control system is presented and discussed. The importance of cold start emissions is emphasized, and results are presented from experiments conducted with two different conductive materials. Most of the testing was conducted using methanol as the fuel, although some tests were run using gasoline-fueled vehicles
Reconnaissance Notes on the Site of Huari, near Ayacucho, Peru

Ever since the late Julio C. Tello gave it a prominent place in his scheme of the development of Peruvian culture the great site of Huari (or Wari, as Tello always wrote it) has been a vexing problem in Andean archaeology. As was the case with so many of his explorations, Tello never published a report on his work at Huari and his general statements about what he found there leave the reader in considerable confusion. The authors of this paper took advantage of a flying trip over the Peruvian Central Highway made in 1946 to make a brief visit to Huari and came away with the feeling that even the small amount of fresh information they could contribute to archaeological knowledge would be worth reporting.
Abstract 617: Apigenin intake regulates Fox ‘O’ signaling in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Forkhead transcription factors of ‘O’ class (FoxOs) are involved in a paradigm that supports proliferation, survival, longevity during multiple cellular environments, and tumor development. Perturbation of FOXO activity leads to altered cellular response which results in cancer development and progression. We previously showed that FOXO signaling is deregulated in human prostate adenocarcinoma and in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model that mimics progressive forms of human disease. In the present study we aimed to demonstrate the potential role of apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, in modulating FoxO signaling and its downstream events to suppress cancer progression using in vivo and in vitro models. Apigenin was fed to TRAMP mice at 20- and 50- μg/mouse/day (gavaged in 0.2 ml vehicle containing 0.5% methyl cellulose and 0.025% Tween 20) for six days in a week for 20 weeks; whereas control animals received vehicle only. Apigenin intake by TRAMP mice from 8-28 weeks of age exhibited marked reduction in tumor growth with no signs of metastasis. Apigenin feeding to TRAMP resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction in Foxo3a, but not Foxo1a protein observed in the dorso-lateral prostates. Foxo3a protein was redistributed more in nuclear than the cytosolic compartments after apigenin feeding. Simultaneously, decreased Foxo3a phosphorylation (Ser253) was observed in the dorso-lateral prostate, which correlated with decreased cytoplasmic retention of Foxo3a with no significant change in 14-3-3 chaperone protein in the cytosol after apigenin feeding. Conversely, TRAMP mice have higher 14-3-3 expression than non-transgenic mice and this higher level accounted for nuclear retention of Foxo3a. A subsequent decrease in p-Akt (Ser473) was noted after apigenin feeding demonstrating that the decreased nuclear presence of p-Akt (ser473) may be restricting Foxo3a phosphorylation and its retention in the nucleus. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD was observed in TRAMP mice after apigenin intake. Similar findings were recorded in cell culture studies where apigenin treatment to human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells resulted in the restoration of FOXO3a in the nucleus. This increase in Foxo3a protein levels in the nucleus may be a decisive factor resulting in the inhibition of prostate cancer. These finding suggests that apigenin has potential role in regulating the FOXO signaling cascade and may be a major therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 617. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-617
Analysis of the scaling effects for missile configuration with lateral thruster

Steady-state Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analyses using GASP version 3 flow solver has be431 pezformed for a missile configuration with side thruster at given full scale f&e flight~conditions and quarter scale wind tunnel model conditic~ls with similar computaticmal grids. The given jet exit conditions for both cases were required to have the same thrust az&icients, which is an empirical scaling law used in the jet interaction (JI) cmmuui~. The purpose of this analysis is to examine aud compare the integrated axial and normal forces and pitching moment obtained fi-om the two computations to determine if they are indeed identical. It was found that the axial aud ncmnal force coefficients differ by 10 and 3 percent, respectively, and that the pitching moment coefficients vary by 28 percent. The differences in axial force between the two cases is attributed to the difference of Reynolds numbs between them and thecause of pitchiig moment diffezence is due the Closeness of the pitching and the pressure centers. The scaling law of constant thrust coefficient is satisfactory in present study. However, in a separated study, it was found that in addition to keep the thrust coefficients the same, one must also keep the jet Machnumbers the same for both cases in or& to obtain correct andbest sin&&y.
Not Junk After All: Non-Protein-Coding DNA Carries Extensive Biological Information

In the 1950s Francis Crick formulated the Central Dogma of molecular biology, which states (in effect) that DNA makes RNA makes protein makes us. By 1970, however, biologists knew that the vast majority of our genome does not encode proteins, and the non-protein-coding fraction became known as “ junk DNA.” Yet data from recent genome projects show that most nuclear DNA is transcribed into RNAs, many of which perform important functions in cells and tissues. Like protein-coding DNA, non-protein-coding regions carry multiple overlapping codes that profoundly affect gene expression and other cellular processes. Although there are still many gaps in our understanding, new functions of non-protein-coding DNA are being reported every month. Clearly, the notion of “junk DNA” is obsolete, and the amount of biological information in the genome far exceeds the information in protein-coding regions.
Development from Birth to 3 Years of Age of 15 Children at High Risk for Central Nervous System Dysfunction Interim Report

The purposes of this study were to 1) determine if a group of infants at high risk for later developmental abnormality could be selected on the basis of large numbers of serious neonatal problems, 2) ascertain how early developmental outcome could be predicted, and 3) document the development of the infants longitudinally during the first year of life. Fifteen infants were selected on the basis of high scores on a neonatal risk assessment scale. They were examined with a variety of developmental tests at regular intervals during their first year, at age 2 years, and at age 3 years. The results suggest that the selection process successfully identified a group of infants with developmental problems and that motor performance at 3 months was predictive of neurologic outcome at 3 years. Different patterns of neuromotor development in the first year were identified among those infants with severe cerebral palsy, those with milder neurologic problems, and those with apparently normal outcome.
Survey of Sudan dyes in chilli products in Lanzhou beef noodles

Objective:To understand the parts of beef noodles in Lanzhou City in the Sudan I in chilli products usage.Methods: In Lanzhou City,owned eight districts and counties of beef noodle samples of 107 randomly selected,to RP-HPLC determination.Results:15 samples of chilli powder were detected to contain Sudan I or Sudan IV components,the levels between the range of 2.18~110 mg/kg,chilli products in the Sudan The total detection rate of 14.0%,chili powder in the overall review of Sudan out rate was 14.6%.Conclusion: Add chilli products in the illegal dye Sudan phenomenon still exists,should cause the relevant departments attention.