cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emissions from Direct or Indirect Combustion of Tire−Derived−Fuel

This paper reports on partial results of a comprehensive laboratory investigation on the emissions from batch-combustion of tire-derived fuel (TDF) in the form of waste-tire chips placed in fixed beds. TDF is a fuel of technological interest based on its high-energy content, in the range of 30–39 MJ/kg. However, there have been issues with health-hazardous emissions from the combustion of tires. The overall goal of the investigation has been to identify techniques and conditions that minimize toxic emissions. This particular work contrasts emissions from direct combustion of TDF with those from indirect combustion, i.e., staged pyrolysis of TDF followed by combustion of the pyrolyzates. Generation of a pyrolysis gas from TDF allows for effective mixing of this gas with air and, hence, for better control of the subsequent combustion and minimization of pollutant emissions. Emissions CO2 , CO, semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and particulates were monitored herein. Results illustrated that the staged pyrolysis-oxidation approach, albeit more complicated, has the potential for low health-hazardous emissions from waste tire-to-energy plants. It produced drastically less PAH (by up to an order of magnitude) and particulates (by more than an order of magnitude). However, it produced more CO and NOx (by factors of 2–5). The presence of an afterburner (1 s residence time at 1000 °C), curtailed the emissions of CO and, interestingly, it was capable of nearly-equalizing the final emissions of PAH from the two different modes of combustion. However, the afterburner treatment was not as successful in reducing the emissions of particulates and, as a result, the indirect combustion of TDF produced an effluent with a drastically lower particulate loading.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Offshore Accounts: Insider’s Summary of FATCA and its Potential Future

Since its signing by President Obama on March 18, 2010, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) has been criticized by many in the financial community. As one of the architects of FATCA, the purpose of this article is to: (i) describe my perception of the origins of FATCA, (ii) discuss selected issues, and finally (iii) make recommendations that may ultimately be helpful to insuring FATCA’s success in both the short and long-run. The article is written for several audiences. The entire article should be of interest to students and academics. For tax professionals and my former colleagues in government, the recommendations in Section 4 should be of most interest. Since 2007 the US has made significant progress in addressing offshore accounts through a combination of tools, including the threat of FATCA. FATCA was a bold, unilateral action by the US intended to ultimately provide transparency surrounding offshore accounts of US taxpayers. However, FATCA will take time to successfully implement and there will be growing pains. The long-term success of FATCA may depend upon whether the US can convince other countries to adopt a similar system, or better yet, join with the US in developing a multilateral FATCA system. Thus, as the IRS and Treasury implement FATCA they need to focus on the long-term goal. In the short-run various compromises will need to be made to ease the initial implementation of FATCA. Some of those potential compromises are discussed in this article. In addition, a multilateral FATCA system and the related benefits are discussed. Finally, financial institutions worldwide should seriously consider attempting to help forge an international consensus. Although financial institutions will clearly incur substantial costs from FATCA, those costs may pale in comparison to the future costs that could be incurred over the next 5 to 20 years as other countries implement their own specific systems. It would be substantially cheaper for financial institutions if there is one global standard, rather than ultimately building separate FATCA type systems for each country.
Communicating in the "gray zone": perceptions about emergency physician hospitalist handoffs and patient safety.

Objectives: To identify the perceptions of emergency physicians (EPs) and hospitalists regarding interservice handoff communication as patients are transferred from the emergency department to the inpatient setting. Methods: Investigators conducted individual interviews with 12 physicians (six EPs and six hospitalists). Data evaluation consisted of using the steps of constant comparative, thematic analysis. Results: Physicians perceived handoff communication as a gray zone characterized by ambiguity about patients’ conditions and treatment. Two major themes emerged regarding the handoff gray zone. The first theme, poor communication practices and conflicting communication expectations, presented barriers that exacerbated physicians’ information ambiguity. Specifically, handoffs consisting of insufficient information, incomplete data, omissions, and faulty information flow exacerbated gray zone problems and may negatively affect patient outcomes. EPs and hospitalists had different expectations about handoffs, and those expectations influenced their interactions in ways that may result in communication breakdowns. The second theme illustrated how poor handoff communication contributes to boarding-related patient safety threats for boarders and emergency department patients alike. Those interviewed talked about the systemic failures that lead to patient boarding and how poor handoffs exacerbated system flaws. Conclusions: Handoffs between EPs and hospitalists both reflect and contribute to the ambiguity inherent in emergency medicine. Poor handoffs, consisting of faulty communication behaviors and conflicting expectations for information, contribute to patient boarding conditions that can pose safety threats. Pragmatic conclusions are drawn regarding physician–physician communication in patient transfers, and recommendations are offered for medical education. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:884–894 a 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency
Acceptance of Pain: Associations With Depression, Catastrophizing, and Functional Disability Among Children and Adolescents in an Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were: (1) investigate relations between pain acceptance, depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, and functional disability in pediatric patients in an interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program, (2) examine changes in acceptance from pre- to posttreatment, and (3) test if changes in acceptance predict changes in depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, and functional disability from pre- to posttreatment. METHODS 112 participants, ages 11-18 years, completed the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Adolescent Version, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression-Children's Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children, and Functional Disability Inventory on admission to and completion of the program. RESULTS Significant and strong relations between acceptance, depression, catastrophizing, and functional disability were demonstrated. Participants demonstrated significant increases in acceptance and decreases in depression, catastrophizing, and functional disability. Finally, changes in acceptance significantly predicted changes in depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, and functional disability. CONCLUSIONS Pain acceptance is an important variable in the treatment of pediatric chronic pain.
More than just a question of technology: factors related to hospitals' adoption and implementation of health information exchange.

Abstract Introduction The provisions of the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act increased the likelihood of more widespread health information exchange (HIE), the electronic transfer of patient-level information between organizations, by essentially mandating the use of electronic health record systems. While important, the sparse body of research on HIE efforts and anecdotal reports indicate the barriers to HIE adoption and implementation include factors beyond simply the presence or absence of a specific technology. Methods This paper examines those technological, organizational, and environmental factors that are associated with both HIE adoption and implementation in a sample of 4830 U.S. hospitals. Factors associated with adoption and implementation were modeled using random-intercept logistic regression. Results Consistent with a perspective that adoption and implementation are different phenomena, many factors associated with an increased odds of adoption, were unassociated with implementation and vice versa. Non-profit status, public hospitals, more live and operation applications, more emergency room visits, network membership, and the presence of physician portals all increased hospitals’ odds of HIE adoption. However, only network membership increased the odds of HIE implementation, whereas competition decreased those odds significantly. Conclusions This study agreed with earlier case-studies and anecdotal reports that factors beyond technology were important to both adoption and implementation. While current U.S. policy on healthcare information technology adoption focuses on technological barriers, many other non-technological factors may ultimately hinder effective HIE.
Sensitivity and specificity of univariate MRI analysis of experimentally degraded cartilage under clinical imaging conditions.

Background To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of classification of pathomimetically degraded bovine nasal cartilage at 3 Tesla and 37°C using univariate MRI measurements of both pure parameter values and intensities of parameter-weighted images. Methods Pre- and posttrypsin degradation values of T1, T2, T2*, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and corresponding weighted images, were analyzed. Classification based on the Euclidean distance was performed and the quality of classification was assessed through sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (ACC). Results The classifiers with the highest accuracy values were ADC (ACC = 0.82 ± 0.06), MTR (ACC = 0.78 ± 0.06), T1 (ACC = 0.99 ± 0.01), T2 derived from a three-dimensional (3D) spin-echo sequence (ACC = 0.74 ± 0.05), and T2 derived from a 2D spin-echo sequence (ACC = 0.77 ± 0.06), along with two of the diffusion-weighted signal intensities (b = 333 s/mm2: ACC = 0.80 ± 0.05; b = 666 s/mm2: ACC = 0.85 ± 0.04). In particular, T1 values differed substantially between the groups, resulting in atypically high classification accuracy. The second-best classifier, diffusion weighting with b = 666 s/mm2, as well as all other parameters evaluated, exhibited substantial overlap between pre- and postdegradation groups, resulting in decreased accuracies. Conclusion Classification according to T1 values showed excellent test characteristics (ACC = 0.99), with several other parameters also showing reasonable performance (ACC > 0.70). Of these, diffusion weighting is particularly promising as a potentially practical clinical modality. As in previous work, we again find that highly statistically significant group mean differences do not necessarily translate into accurate clinical classification rules. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:136–144. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Essential edge protection techniques for successful multi-wafer stacking

For applications such as stacked DRAM on logic, 3D die-on-wafer or die-on-die approaches with multiple stacked chips have shown vast improvement in bandwidth while also reducing power consumption [1]. The benefit of chip level stacking can be further enhanced by progressing to wafer-scale bonding. Wafer level integration with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) offers lower production costs, much higher density of interconnects, and better bonding overlay accuracy when compared to chip level processing [2]. However, to take full advantage of the benefits of wafer-to-wafer integration, wafer edge quality must be optimized to suppress bonding voids at the wafer edge. Bonding voids can lead to delamination and subsequent detachment of transferred layers, thereby preventing further processing of wafers due to potential tool contamination with particulates or exposed underlying Cu pattern. For true multi-wafer stacking, with greater than two strata, edge quality, as defined by topography and uniformity of films, becomes essential for multi-stacking success and yield. Prior work on wafer level multi-stacking [3] with low-temperature oxide bonding and copper TSVs has been demonstrated with up to 4-strata [Fig 1]. In order to achieve consistent results for large stacks, lithographic and copper edge bead removal processes (EBR) must be precisely tuned to prevent undesirable wafer edge topography during BEOL processing. This abstract reports the first use of wafer edge pattern protection for tool agnostic edge processing by incorporating a narrow pattern-free buffer zone at the wafer edge to enable a large process window for general tool sets not optimized for far edge processing. Alternate protection schemes for wafer stacking have targeted bevel or edge protection during handle removal/thinning [4]. Multiple edge protection schemes may be necessary to preserve edge quality. The key feature of this work focuses on pattern protection at the wafer top surface near the bevel, where voids in patterned regions are most prevalent in an otherwise void-free wafer. By incorporating a double patterning scheme for thick BEOL metal layers, which utilizes a standard maskless lithographic wafer edge exposure module, edge protection has been shown to vastly diminish edge voids, improve CMP uniformity, and provide a robust means to multi-wafer stacking.
Patterning the brain of the zebrafish embryo

This review discusses how brain morphogenesis is related to the arrange­ ments of the earliest neurons and their axons in a simple vertebrate, the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. Descriptive work establishes that the early neurons normally arise at stereotyped positions, which are well defined with respect to the overall brain shape. These cells grow their axons without errors or retractions and pioneer pathways, which occur at invariant positions, in a way clearly related to brain regionalization. Experimental analyses reveal that position is, in fact, a key determinant of patterning of both soma and axonal organization. Other possible determinants, such as cell lineage and temporal aspects of development, seem to play less impor­ tant roles (reviewed by Kimmel & Westerfield 1990). We want to know how position is encoded in the brain and, eventually, we want to understand its molecular genetic basis. Recent analyses reviewed here provide some clues about this issue in two ways: First, understanding the early organization of the system as revealed in morphological studies, and the disorganization that results from discrete perturbation, sheds light on the underlying pat­ terning code, i.e. the "prepattern." Second, initial analyses of early.' expression patterns of putative regulatory genes have recently been made, which brings analysis of the patterning code to a new level that is clearly closer to revealing the prepattern itself. For the most part, we only have to be concerned with an interval of development that is about 15 hours long. This interval begins in the late gastrula, about 9 or 10 hours (h) postfertilization, when the brain
Grammar in art.

Roman Jakobson (1959) reports: “The Russian painter Repin was baffled as to why Sin had been depicted as a woman by German artists: he did not realize that “sin” is feminine in German (die Sunde), but masculine in Russian (грех).” Does the grammatical gender of nouns in an artist’s native language indeed predict the gender of personifications in art? In this paper we analyzed works in the ARTstor database (a digital art library containing over a million images) to measure this correspondence. This analysis provides a measure of artists’ real-world behavior. Our results show a clear correspondence between grammatical gender in language and personified gender in art. Grammatical gender predicted personified gender in 78% of the cases, significantly more often than if the two factors were independent. This analysis offers a new window on an age-old question about the relationship between linguistic structure and patterns in culture and cognition.
Development and Validation of a Novel Robotic Procedure Specific Simulation Platform: Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: We developed a novel procedure specific simulation platform for robotic partial nephrectomy. In this study we prospectively evaluate its face, content, construct and concurrent validity.Materials and Methods: This hybrid platform features augmented reality and virtual reality. Augmented reality involves 3-dimensional robotic partial nephrectomy surgical videos overlaid with virtual instruments to teach surgical anatomy, technical skills and operative steps. Advanced technical skills are assessed with an embedded full virtual reality renorrhaphy task. Participants were classified as novice (no surgical training, 15), intermediate (less than 100 robotic cases, 13) or expert (100 or more robotic cases, 14) and prospectively assessed. Cohort performance was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test (construct validity). Post-study questionnaire was used to assess the realism of simulation (face validity) and usefulness for training (content validity). Concurrent validity evaluated correlation between vir...
Fas Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerotic Intima and Promotes Apoptosis of Cytokine-Primed Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract The membrane protein Fas/Apo-1/CD95 signals programmed cell death or apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) bear markers of programmed cell death or apoptosis in advanced atherosclerotic plaques that contain immune cells eg, macrophages and T lymphocytes. This study tested the hypothesis that the Fas death-signaling pathway contributes to apoptosis of SMCs exposed to proinflammatory cytokines produced by these immune cells during atherogenesis. All atherosclerotic plaques examined (n=14) contained immunoreactive Fas. The majority of the Fas+ SMCs localized in the intima of the plaques, whereas the medial SMCs expressed Fas antigen less prominently. Double staining for DNA fragments (TUNEL) and Fas or cell identification markers colocalized Fas with TUNEL+ SMCs in the areas that contained CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, suggesting a role for Fas in the induction of SMC apoptosis by activated T cells during atherogenesis. In culture, stimulation with interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β increased expression of Fas in SMCs. Incubation with an activating anti-Fas antibody triggered apoptosis of the cytokine-primed but not the untreated SMCs, as demonstrated by TUNEL and electrophoresis of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. These data suggest that activation of the Fas death-signaling pathway contributes to the induction of SMC apoptosis during atherogenesis and furnish a mechanism whereby immune cells and their cytokines promote this cell death process related to vascular remodeling and plaque rupture.
Comparative seismic analyses of a framed tube with localized and general non‐linearity

In this paper the seismic response of a 30 storey framed tube is examined. A description is given of an analysis procedure utilizing a linear substructure to represent the building superstructure, achieving considerable economy in computational effort. Localized non-linearity in the form of transient foundation uplift is included as a response feature. Comparisons of substructured to non-substructured analyses for the same ground motion are made. Lastly, the effects of more generalized superstructure non-linearity are examined by comparing the results of such an analysis to those described above.
Determination of crystallographic intensities from sparse data.

X-ray serial microcrystallography involves the collection and merging of frames of diffraction data from randomly oriented protein microcrystals. The number of diffracted X-rays in each frame is limited by radiation damage, and this number decreases with crystal size. The data in the frame are said to be sparse if too few X-rays are collected to determine the orientation of the microcrystal. It is commonly assumed that sparse crystal diffraction frames cannot be merged, thereby setting a lower limit to the size of microcrystals that may be merged with a given source fluence. The EMC algorithm [Loh & Elser (2009), Phys. Rev. E, 80, 026705] has previously been applied to reconstruct structures from sparse noncrystalline data of objects with unknown orientations [Philipp et al. (2012), Opt. Express, 20, 13129–13137; Ayyer et al. (2014), Opt. Express, 22, 2403–2413]. Here, it is shown that sparse data which cannot be oriented on a per-frame basis can be used effectively as crystallographic data. As a proof-of-principle, reconstruction of the three-dimensional diffraction intensity using sparse data frames from a 1.35 kDa molecule crystal is demonstrated. The results suggest that serial microcrystallography is, in principle, not limited by the fluence of the X-ray source, and collection of complete data sets should be feasible at, for instance, storage-ring X-ray sources.
MEMS mirrors based on curved concentric electrothermal actuators with very small lateral shift and tilt

We present a curved concentric electrothermal actuator design that has very mall lateral shift and tilting. The actuator is made up of folded curved Al/W bimorphs with fast thermal response and high sensitivity. Two MEMS mirror designs based on this actuator design have been fabricated. The first MEMS mirror is a tip-tilt-piston scanning mirror capable of scanning up to ± 11° at voltage less than 0.6 V, and generating up to 227 µm piston displacement at less than 0.8 V. Through the entire piston motion, the lateral shift and the tilt angle of the mirror plate are less than 7 µm and 0.7°, respectively. The second MEMS mirror is a piston scanning mirror with enhanced symmetry, and less than 3 µm lateral shift and less than 0.4° tilt through the entire piston scan range have been achieved. This mirror gives large vertical displacement of about 200 µm at only 0.9 V.
Cherokee Self-Reliance:

This qualitative study was conducted using ethnography to identify how (a) self-reliance is conceptualized by the Cherokee; (b) the adult male Cherokee perceives, achieves, and demonstrates self-reliance; and (c) nurses can incorporate the Cherokee concept of self-reliance into health care of the Cherokee. The goal of self-reliance was included in the following mission statement of the 1976 Cherokee Nation constitution: "The mission of the government of the Cherokee Nation is to promote and sustain the self-reliance of its members" (Resolution No. 28-85, 1976). The conceptualization and perspective of self-reliance by the Cherokee must be understood to assist effectively in the development and promotion of self-reliance in the Cherokee, especially the male Cherokee. The cultural domain of self-reliance that emerged from the data is a composite of three categories that include being responsible, being disciplined, and being confident. Cutting across all three categories are the two themes of being true to onself and being connected.
Dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Part I: Definitions and Review of Research

Since Janet wrote about dissociation in the early 1900s, the relationship between traumatic stress and dissociation has been discussed and debated in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. In the last 25 years, research has been conducted that allows empirical examination of this relationship and the question of how dissociative symptoms are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After defining the types of dissociative experiences that are considered most relevant to PTSD, we present a comprehensive and systematic review of research addressing the relationship between dissociation and traumatic stress; the rise in dissociation after traumatic stress and its subsequent decline over time; the relationship between dissociation and symptoms of PTSD in nonclinical, clinical, and PTSD samples; the conditional probability of high PTSD symptoms when dissociation level is high; the relationships among dissociation and re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD; and biological studies of dissociation in PTSD.
Eisenstein’s first auto/biography

This article traces director Sergei Eisenstein’s involvement with literary biography and autobiography, first as a reader, then as a subject and, finally, as a writer. These projects in all their variations are gathered under the term auto/biography. They are usually attributed to Eisenstein’s later years, after his return from the trip to the West in 1929. Apart from cultivating and to an extent controlling his biographers, such as Ivan Aksenov and Marie Seton, Eisenstein made a profound impression on his friends, students,and collaborators at home and abroad, who wrote various memoirs and reminiscences of him. More importantly, ultimately Eisenstein himself had to become Eckermann to his own inner Goethe, Boswell to his own Dr Johnson, and Jean-Jacques Brousson to his own Anatole France. The transformation of this last pair within Eisenstein’s thinking during the 1920s shows that already at that time he went from identification with Brousson to identification with France, promoting himself from a positi...
A message from the founding editor-in-chief.

![Figure][1] This is an auspicious time for the AACR to launch Cancer Immunology Research , a new journal devoted to cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Recent clinical investigations have convincingly established that the immune system can be triggered to accomplish meaningful tumor
Inhibition or Activation of Apert Syndrome FGFR2 (S252W) Signaling by Specific Glycosaminoglycans

Most Apert syndrome patients harbor a single amino acid mutation (S252W) in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 (FGFR2), which leads to abnormal FGF/FGFR2 signaling. Here we show that specific combinations of FGFs and glycosaminoglycans activate both alternative splice forms of the mutant but not of the wild-type FGF receptors. More importantly, 2-O- and N-sulfated heparan sulfate, prepared by a combined chemical and enzymatic synthesis, antagonized the over-activated FGFR2b (S252W) to basal levels at nanomolar concentrations. These studies demonstrated that specific glycosaminoglycans could be useful in treating ligand-dependent FGFR signaling-related diseases, such as Apert syndrome and cancer.
Prevention of Cancer with Pomegranate and Pomegranate Anthocyanins

The fruit of the pomegranate tree (Punica granatum L.) has recently attracted attention based on anecdotal evidence and studies suggesting that it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The pomegranate (literally translated as seeded apple) plant is a shrub that commonly grows 6–15 ft tall. The fruit is a berry (globose) that is 2–3 inches in diameter and reddish when fully mature. It is filled with crunchy and juicy seeds that are eaten and used for extracting the juice. However, industrial preparations use the whole fruit for juice extraction. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids extracted from pomegranate fermented juice showed strong activity close to that of green tea and significantly higher than that of red wine. Preclinical laboratory studies have suggested that pomegranate and its constituents possess cancer preventive properties against skin, prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancers. Epidemiological, clinical, and case-control studies have not been conducted for pomegranate; however, a phase II clinical trial was recently conducted in patients with rising prostate specific antigen (PSA), a clinical marker for prostate cancer. Pomegranate juice given to men with rising PSA following surgery or radiation offered positive and beneficially significant effects on PSA parameters, suggesting a potential of pomegranate derived products for prevention of human prostate cancer. This chapter will focus on the laboratory and some clinical evidence on the cancer preventive properties of the pomegranate.
Comparison of peripheral near‐infrared spectroscopy low‐frequency oscillations to other denoising methods in resting state functional MRI with ultrahigh temporal resolution

Purpose Functional MRI (fMRI) blood–oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signals result not only from neuronal activation, but also from nonneuronal physiological processes. These changes, especially in the low-frequency domain (0.01–0.2 Hz), can significantly confound inferences about neuronal processes. It is crucial to effectively identify these nuisance low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). Method A high temporal resolution (repetition time, ∼0.5 s) fMRI resting state study was conducted with simultaneous physiological measurements to compare LFOs measured directly by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the periphery and three methods that model LFOs from the respiration or cardiac signal: 1) the respiration volume per time (RVT), 2) the respiratory variation (RVRRF), and 3) the cardiac variation method (HRCRF). The LFO noise regressors from these methods were compared temporally and spatially as well as in their denoising efficiency. Results Methods were not highly correlated with one another, temporally or spatially. The set of two NIRS LFOs combined explained over 13% of BOLD signal variance and explained equal or more variance than HRCRF and RVRRF or RVT combined (in 14 of 16 participants). Conclusion LFOs collected using NIRS in the periphery contain distinct temporal and spatial information about the LFOs in BOLD fMRI that is not contained in current low-frequency denoising methods derived from respiration and cardiac pulsation. Magn Reson Med 76:1697–1707, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The Pupa of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)—First Detailed Description of This Stage of the Bluetongue Virus Vector

The pupa of Culicoides ( Monoculicoides Khalaf) sonorensis Wirth and Jones is described for the first time in detail based on whole specimens and exuviae. A multitude of approaches were used in this description to offer one of the most in-depth comparative morphological studies of any ceratopogonid pupa. Illustrations were made using compound and dissecting light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The pupal description for C. sonorensis was based on morphological comparisons with species of Culicoides Latreille including other members of the subgenus C. ( Monoculicoides ). This study highlights possible synapomorphies for the subgenus as well as the need for future pupal research.
Characterization and light emission properties of osmium silicides synthesized by low energy ion implantation

Low energy (55 KeV) Osmium ( Os − ) negative ion beam was used to implant (5×10 16 atoms/cm 2 ) into p-type-Si (100). The implantation was performed with the ion source of a National Electrostatic Corp. 3 MV Tandem accelerator. The implanted sample was subsequently annealed at 650 °C in a gas mixture that was 4% H 2 + 96% Ar. Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis with 1.5 MeV Alpha particles was used to monitor the precipitate formation. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were also performed to study possible applications of silicides in light emission. Cross-sectional Scanning Electron Microscopy (X-SEM) was performed for topographic image of the implanted region. RBS along with PL measurements indicate that the presence of osmium silicide (Os 2 Si 3 ) phase for light emission in the implanted region of the sample.
Information Seeking through Students’ Eyes: The MIT Photo Diary Study

In 2006, a team of librarians at MIT conducted a photo diary study of thirty-two students' academic information-seeking behaviors. The aim of this qualitative research approach, based on analyzing a week of student-generated photos and diary entries, was to understand how to design MIT's library systems and services to more effectively support students' information-seeking practices. The project generated data on 275 distinct information-seeking tasks used by the students. Examination of their goals, tasks and methods informed the MIT Libraries' priorities and planning efforts for improving library online systems in the following areas: improving discovery and search, incorporating trusted resources in finding tools and increasing links to library resources in external sites popular with the MIT community.
Determination of Branched Chain Amino Acid in Health Foods by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatographty-Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

A hydrophilic interaction chromatographty-evaporative light scattering detection(HILIC-ELSD)method was developed for the detection of branched chain amino acid(BCAA)including L-leucine,L-isoleucine and L-valine in health foods.The HPLC analysis was carried out on Merck ZIC-HILIC(150×4.6mm,5μm)column with isocratic elution by mixing solution A acetonitrile and solution B 20 mmol/L ammonia acetate(70∶30,V/V).The flow rate was 1.2mL/min and three BCAA were totally separated in 20 mins.The temperature of drift tube was 50℃and the pressure of nitrogen was 3.0bar.The linearity was good and the average recoveries were between 96.96%and 109.32%.Without derivarization procedure,the content of BCAA can be analyzed simply,rapidly and accurately in bulk health foods.
The Experimental Test of Blending with Lignite on Ultra Supercritical Large Coal-fired Unit

Currently,Zhungeer 2 bituminous coal(the design coal)supplies are in shortage.To alleviate the problem,the power plant decides to burn with Huolinhe lignite.Through the different proportion test of Shenhua coal with the lignite,the influence of the unit maximum output and boiler efficiency is studied.Combustion optimizing test shows that the rated load,when the oxygenation of flue gas is 3.22%,boiler efficiency is the highest.Air burning experiment shows that:Considering the boiler efficiency and NOx emission concentrations,burning Shenhua coal with Huolinhe lignite under the rated load,the wind flap open degree should be-10%.Through the reasonable blending,mixed burning and burning adjustment,it greatly alleviates the economic problems caused by burning with lignite.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Right Cardiac Ventricle without Contiguous Vena Caval Involvement

AbstractWe report an unusual metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the right cardiac ventricle in a 53-year-old man who presented with increasing dyspnea. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a left renal tumor without contiguous extension into the inferior vena cava and a right ventricular mass. To our knowledge this is only the second reported case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the right cardiac ventricle diagnosed ante mortem. We discuss the case and review the literature.
Effect of Anti-TNF Agents on Postoperative Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: a Single Institution Experience

Background Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents have been an integral part in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, a subset of inflammatory bowel disease patients ultimately requires surgery and up to 30 % of them have undergone treatment with anti-TNF agents. Studies assessing the effect of anti-TNF agents on postoperative outcomes have been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to assess postoperative morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease patients who underwent surgery with anti-TNF therapy prior to surgery.
Online Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance for Cholesky Decomposition on Heterogeneous Systems with GPUs

Extensive researches have been done on developing and optimizing algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) schemes for systolic arrays and general purpose microprocessors. However, little has been done on developing and optimizing ABFT schemes for heterogeneous systems with GPU accelerators. While existing ABFT schemes can correct computing errors like 1+1=3, we find that many memory storage errors can not be corrected by existing ABFT schemes. In this paper, we first develop a new ABFT scheme for Cholesky decomposition that can correct both computing errors and storage errors at the same time, and then develop several optimization techniques to reduce the fault tolerance overhead of ABFT for heterogeneous systems with GPU accelerators. Experimental results demonstrate that our fault tolerant Cholesky decomposition is able to correct both computing errors and storage errors in the middle of the computation and can achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art vendor provided version Cholesky decomposition library routine in CULA R18.
Global Sex Differences in Cancer Mortality with Age and Country Specific Characteristics.

Background The cancer research literature suggests that women, especially premenopausal women, have lower cancer mortality rates than men. However, it is unclear if that is true for populations at all age levels in all countries and what factors affect such sex differences. This paper attempts to fill that gap. Materials and methods Sex and countryspecific cancer mortality data were statistically analyzed with particular attention to geographic, social, and economic factors that may affect the sex differences. Results The sex differences were age and country specific, rather than universal. Premenopausal women actually tend to have a disadvantage compared to men or postmenopausal women. Male cancer mortality appears to be the affecting factor in explaining variations in sex differences. Latitude of residence and literacy rate are the affecting factors in cancer mortality and sex differences. African and Latin American countries tend to have a female disadvantage, while East Asian and Eastern European countries are more likely to have a female advantage. Conclusions The findings challenge the cancer mortality literature and indicate that the sex differences and their possible causes are more complicated than the current literature suggests. They also highlight the urgency of adapting age and country specific health systems and policies to better meet the needs of younger women.
2-manifold surface meshing using dual contouring with tetrahedral decomposition

Abstract The Dual Contouring algorithm (DC) is a grid-based process used to generate surface meshes from volumetric data. The advantage of DC is that it can reproduce sharp features by inserting vertices anywhere inside the grid cube, as opposed to the Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm that can insert vertices only on the grid edges. However, DC is unable to guarantee 2-manifold and watertight meshes due to the fact that it produces only one vertex for each grid cube. We present a modified Dual Contouring algorithm that is capable of overcoming this limitation. Our method decomposes an ambiguous grid cube into a maximum of twelve tetrahedral cells; we introduce novel polygon generation rules that produce 2-manifold and watertight surface meshes. We have applied our proposed method on realistic data, and a comparison of the results of our proposed method with results from traditional DC shows the effectiveness of our method.
An Introduction to Post Keynesian Economics: Involuntary Unemployment With Perfectly Flexible Wages and Prices

Post Keynesian economics is based on the economics of John Maynard Keynes. Unlike Keynesianism, it does not rely on rigidities or imperfections to explain less-than-full employment, a condition tha...
E. F. Sprechplatte, No. 10: Althochdeutsch (10A: Das Hildebrandslied; 10B: Merseburger Zauber Sprüche, Wessobrunner Gebet, aus Muspilli, aus Otjrid). Spoken by Erich Funke and recorded by Milton Cowan of the University of Iowa

(1943). E. F. Sprechplatte, No. 10: Althochdeutsch (10A: Das Hildebrandslied; 10B: Merseburger Zauber Spruche, Wessobrunner Gebet, aus Muspilli, aus Otjrid). Spoken by Erich Funke and recorded by Milton Cowan of the University of Iowa. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 237-237.
Unusual etiology of gastrointestinal symptoms: the case of jojoba butter.

BACKGROUND Jojoba butter is cyanogenic and has gained attention among herbal supplement consumers due to claims that it may aid in weight loss. Jojoba butter is extracted from the seeds of jojoba shrubs found in the Sonoran Desert. The seeds have long been recognized as inedible, however clinical symptoms following ingestion are not well documented. CASE REPORT This report describes a patient who developed restlessness and gastrointestinal complaints following ingestion of homemade jojoba seed butter. The patient's presentation following ingestion is discussed, as well as effective workup and treatment. In our case, the patient was monitored and received fluid resuscitation, lorazepam, and diphenhydramine for symptomatic therapy. CONCLUSION This case describes the gastrointestinal sequela and effective management following ingestion of jojoba butter.
Health privacy as sociotechnical capital

This article identified sociodemographic factors affecting privacy surrounding health data and explored the impact of health privacy capital on the use of health-related digital technologies and related perceptions. To do so, we adopted two perspectives, (a) an individual motivational perspective derived from uses and gratifications approach and (b) a societal contextual approach from social stratification, conceptualizing health privacy as capital with multifaceted sociotechnical assets. Health privacy capital was analyzed relative to demographic, social-contextual, and medical condition variables, using the 2014 Health Information National Trends (HINTS) Survey (n=3212). Findings confirmed three key facets of health privacy capitalawareness of privacy, attitude toward the importance of privacy and data sharing, and confidence in the ability to maintain privacyand multivariate regression analyses showed positive relationships between privacy capital and engagement as well as outcomes related to health-related digital technology. On the other hand, our analysis found that the development of health privacy capital is susceptible to sociodemographic disparities. For instance, a higher level of education was related to all three dimensions of health privacy capital. Interactions between education and health privacy confidence were also significant in both dimensions of health outcomes, indicating that the positive impact of health privacy confidence is moderated by the lower level of education. Practical implications for patients and healthcare professionals are discussed. We considered health privacy as capital with multifaceted sociotechnical assets.Sociodemographic factors affecting health privacy capital and its impacts were examined.Three facets of privacy capital-awareness, attitude, and confidence, were confirmed.Relationships between health privacy capital and engagement with technology were positive.
Evidence for the Antiquity of Women’s Roles In Pawnee Society

The C. C. Witt lodge and burial mound complex provide evidence for a probable Sacrifice to Mommg Star at about A.D. 1300, and show the continuity through time of the concepts of Morning Star and Ev...
Food Safety at Farmers’ Markets: Fact or Fiction?

Abstract Foodborne illness outbreaks are often underreported. With the growing popularity of local foods and farmers’ markets, it may become even more challenging to identify and investigate a foodborne disease outbreak. On December 21, 2010, the House of Representatives voted 215-144 to pass the Senate version of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), which included the following amendments: give small farms and direct-market farms who sell locally the option of complying with state regulations; provide the FDA with the authority to exempt farms engaged in low or minimal risk processing from new regulatory requirements; reduce unnecessary paperwork and excess regulations required under the preventative control plan; and exempt farmers from extensive traceability and record-keeping requirements. However, farmers are still responsible for identifying potential hazards associated with fresh produce and implementing preventive controls. In addition, several other types of food products such as cottage foods, ready-to-eat foods, meat, poultry, and eggs are sold at various farmers’ markets across the country. Many of these are in the potentially hazardous foods’ category and require time and temperature control. The purpose of this chapter is to conduct a comprehensive literature review of farmers’ market food safety research; food safety training and education, specifically for vendors and managers; and key recommendations to improve best handling and safety practices at farmers’ markets to improve overall public health.
Gender and Sexuality in High School

Schools are organizers of gender and sexual practices, identities and meanings. Boys and girls learn from school rituals, pedagogical practices, and disciplinary procedures that heterosexuality is normal and natural. In tandem with school-sanctioned forms of masculinity and femininity, young people themselves construct adolescent cultures that normalize heterosexuality and normative forms of gender, which in turn intersect with other axes of identity like race and class to produce varied and disparate experiences for students of different backgrounds. Though education is often cited as an equalizing force, schools promote gender differences between boys and girls that can result in gender inequality. This happens through both formal and informal schooling processes. More research is needed on sexual and gender minorities in school, as most of it has focused on heterosexual and cisgender students and gender inequality.
Parental hostility: impact on the family.

This study examined the effects of parental hostility on the families of 100 psychiatrically hospitalized children. Parents and their children were administered an assessment battery. The results for families who scored high on parental hostility were compared to families with low parental hostility. Parents who exhibited high hostility scored differently on a variety of temperament constructs (e.g., lower adaptability, worse mood, and lower rhythmicity) than parents who scored low in hostility. High parental hostility was also associated with an elevated level of family relation problems, which includes family effectiveness and cohesion.
Giving Until It Hurts: Prisoners Are Not the Answer to the National Organ Shortage

This Note argues that prisoners, whether executed or living, should not become organ donors. The introduction acknowledges the shortage of transplantable organs in the United States and the steps that have been taken to ameliorate the crisis. Part I discusses the procurement of organs from executed prisoners, beginning with a brief examination of China, a country where this type of procurement is routinely practiced. Part I also examines organ procurement legislation pertaining to executed prisoners. Finally, Part I asserts the reasons that prisoners should not become donors, including the dead donor rule, the ban against physicians as executioners, the Oath of Hippocrates, the risk of transmissible diseases, and the negative perception that would result if organ procurement was tied to executions. Part II of this Note discusses prisoners donating their organs in return for mitigated sentences. Part II then argues that this practice should not be adopted because of the lack of informed consent and voluntary choice. Finally, Part III of this Note introduces potential solutions to the possibility of maintaining a voluntary system, moving to a presumed consent system, and using financial inducements to create a larger supply of transplantable organs.