cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhizosolenia mats: An overlooked source of silica production in the open sea

The contribution of Rhizosolenia mats to silica cycling in the central North Pacific and the coupling of mat silicon metabolism and their vertical migration was examined in areas to the west of the Hawaiian Islands (23‐288N and 159‐1758W) in 1995 and to the east of Hawaii along 318N (160‐1278W) in 1996. The biogenic silica content of Rhizosolenia mats sampled in 1995 averaged 1.82 6 1.87 (SD) mmol Si mat 21 . Larger mats that averaged 4.56 6 3.54 (SD) mmol Si mat 21 were observed in 1996. Kinetic experiments indicated that substrate limitation of mat silica production was widespread across the study region, with ambient [Si(OH)4] restricting silica production to 33% of maximum potential rates. Three lines of evidence indicate that silicon metabolism is not tightly coupled to the migration of mats to and from the nutricline. In 1996, mats in surface waters could double their Si content in 0.55 d on average without migrating to the nutricline to obtain Si. However, average doubling times (9.8 d) in 1996 were of the same order as a migration cycle, necessitating significant Si uptake at depth. Si uptake rates did not differ significantly between ascending and descending mats, suggesting that mats ascending from the nutricline had not fulfilled their Si uptake requirements. Finally, small internal pools of Si in ascending mats indicated that if significant amounts of Si were taken up at depth, they were not stored for use in the surface waters. The biomass and silica production rates of mats collected using SCUBA in the upper 20 m were extrapolated to 150 m by using abundances determined using a video plankton recorder (VPR). The results suggest that mats account for about 3% of the standing stock of biogenic silica and 26% of silica production in the upper 150 m. The daily silica production by Rhizosolenia mats (317 mmol Si m 22 d 21 ) is 50‐76% of the total silica production in the Sargasso Sea. This high rate of silica production combined with the wide geographic distribution of mats throughout several mid-ocean gyres suggests that mats may contribute significantly to global silica production.
Flexible coherent digital transceiver for low power space missions

A flexible coherent digital transceiver architecture has been developed by the APL in order to enable mission specific performance tailoring while maintaining modularity and minimizing program-incurred cost and risk. The new transceiver architecture is based on the heritage X-band transceiver system that is currently integrated into the New Horizons spacecraft. Using this new architecture, a low power, coherent, X-band digital transceiver has been made that meets the requirements for two-way Doppler tracking. The new transceiver contributes less than 0.01 mm/s to the Doppler velocity error measured over a 60-second interval in coherent mode. Secondary power consumption is 2.8 W in the uplink-only mode of operation including the reference oscillator. Transceiver designs on the TIMED, CONTOUR, and New Horizons spacecraft were noncoherent, which required downlink telemetry in order to support two-way Doppler tracking (Jensen, 1999). The addition of a coherent capability allows this new architecture to be used on missions where carrier-only Doppler tracking is desired. This paper provides a description of the new transceiver architecture and its demonstrated performance.
Phonological Awareness and Decoding in Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Students Who Use Visual Phonics

Visual phonics, a system of 45 hand and symbol cues that represent the phonemes of spoken English, has been used as a tool in literacy instruction with deaf/hard-of-hearing (DHH) students for over 20 years. Despite years of anecdotal support, there is relatively little published evidence of its impact on reading achievement. This study was designed to examine the relationship between performance on a phonological awareness task, performance on a decoding task, reading ability, and length of time in literacy instruction with visual phonics for 10 DHH kindergarten through Grade 3 students receiving academic instruction with sign-supported English and American Sign Language. Findings indicate that these students were able to use phonological information to make rhyme judgments and to decode; however, no relationship between performance on reading ability and length of time in literacy instruction with visual phonics was found.
What community college students value: delineating a normative structure for community college students

AbstractThis manuscript delineates a normative structure for community college students, outlines how this structure varies by student characteristics, and compares this structure to that of a previously established normative structure identified at a 4-year institution. A total of 512 student survey responses on the College Student Behaviors Inventory were collected at a comprehensive community college in the rural Southeast. A series of factor analyses using varimax rotation was applied to identify 23 inviolable norms, 20 admonitory norms, and four laudatory norms, with little variation across student characteristics. Specifically, gender is the only characteristic that yields a significant difference across all patterns of student behavior. We also find the normative structure at a community college to have many similarities to that of a 4-year institution, yet also some differences. The strong number of similarities, however, appears to dispel the suggestion that the diversity in mission and student b...
When Women Are under the Influence

This chapter examines theoretical and empirical evidence for the existence of “intoxication-victimization” effects. Theories of victimization and theories of alcohol-induced aggression are examined for their relevance to the phenomenon of concern. The results of our examination of theory and research indicates theoretical support for an integrated theory of intoxication-victimization effects. However, we found that the temporal precedence of women’s drinking related to their victimizations has not been established by prior investigations. Supporting evidence for intoxication-victimization effects is strongest among studies of rape, homicide, and studies of alcoholic women. Despite the strength of alcohol’s association with wife assaults, intoxication’s centrality and temporal relationship to specific wife-assault episodes is highly variable. Our review indicates that women’s intoxication might be spuriously associated with victimization through its association with husband’s intoxication and via the indirect effects of victimization histories in the family of origin of both partners.
An Application of Turns and Slides to Spherical Geometry

(1959). An Application of Turns and Slides to Spherical Geometry. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 8, pp. 665-673.
ON the Legal Status of IENGO in International Law

International Environmental NGO(IENGO) has been an important actor in international society,and it is promoting enormously the protection of global environment and the development of international environmental law.So,it is necessary to study the legal status of IENGO within International Law.The difference between legal personality and legal subject in international law is the premise for IENGO to gain legal status in International Law.From the perspective of practice and theory,IENGO has achieved certain legal status and can be the legal subject in limited areas in International Law.
Study on French Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law

Soil pollution in China is serious. However,there are not specific laws and articles in the aspect of soil pollution prevention and control. The existing laws and regulations are only some scattered provisions. Soil pollution prevention law is basically a blank. This paper mainly,according to the French soil pollution status is an analysis of institutional and legal liability of soil pollution prevention and control law of France.
Transfemoral TAVR: Balloon-Expandable Valves

Since the first percutaneous transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation in 2002, balloon-expandable THV and delivery catheter technology as well as procedural aspects of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have rapidly evolved. Recently large multicenter trials and registries have confirmed the safety and efficacy of TAVR using balloon-expandable valves in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) deemed at high or extreme risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Newer-generation balloon-expandable THVs have demonstrated excellent hemodynamic results, reductions in paravalvular regurgitation (PVR), and improvements in clinical outcomes, namely, lower rates of major vascular complications given lower-profile delivery systems. Valve durability has been demonstrated up to 5 years in patients receiving the first-generation SAPIEN THV. With increasing operator experience and further refinements in balloon-expandable THV technology, clinical trials are currently testing the efficacy of TAVR (compared to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)) in lower-risk patients with severe symptomatic AS.
The Association Between Adolescent Obesity and Disability Incidence in Young Adulthood

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the longitudinal relationship between obesity during adolescence and development of disability during young adulthood. Methods A cohort of 8,032 individuals aged 11–21 years enrolled in 1994–1995 (Wave I) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, followed up in 1996 (Wave II) and in 2001–2002 (Wave III). Individuals were divided into four categories based on weight and height of Wave II and Wave III: (1) developing obesity; (2) persistent obesity; (3) no obesity; and (4) obesity reversal. Disability was measured in Wave III using a measure of functional limitations and the Short Form 36 physical functioning scale. Logistic regression was used to predict the probability of disability as a function of weight category. Results Compared with their nonobese peers, adolescents developing obesity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.83 [95% confidence interval: 1.51–2.22]) and with persistent obesity (adjusted odds ratio: 2.09 [95% confidence interval: 1.64–2.67]) had a higher odds of having a functional limitation in Wave III. Conclusions Developing obesity and persistent obesity during adolescence were significantly associated with increased disability in young adulthood.
Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at US national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory

Abstract. Due to the atmospheric abundance and chemical complexity of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), its contribution to the hydration behavior of atmospheric aerosol is both significant and difficult to assess. For the present study, the hygroscopicity and CCN activity of isolated atmospheric WSOC particulate matter was measured without the compounding effects of common, soluble inorganic aerosol constituents. WSOC was extracted with high purity water from daily high-volume PM2.5 filter samples and separated from water soluble inorganic constituents using solid-phase extraction. The WSOC filter extracts were concentrated and combined to provide sufficient mass for continuous generation of the WSOC-only aerosol over the combined measurement time of the tandem differential mobility analyzer and coupled scanning mobility particle sizer–CCN counter used for the analysis. Aerosol samples were taken at Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the summer of 2006 and fall–winter of 2007–2008; Mount Rainier National Park during the summer of 2009; Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, during the summer of 2010; and Acadia National Park during the summer of 2011. Across all sampling locations and seasons, the hygroscopic growth of WSOC samples at 90 % RH, expressed in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. Comparisons between the hygroscopicity of WSOC and that of samples containing all soluble materials extracted from the filters implied a significant modification of the hydration behavior of inorganic components, including decreased hysteresis separating efflorescence and deliquescence and enhanced water uptake between 30 and 70 % RH.
Effect of Food on Absorption of Dilantin and Mylan XR

The effect of a high-fat meal on the absorption of 100-mg Dilantin Kapseals and 100-mg Mylan extended-release phenytoin sodium capsules was determined in a single-dose, two-way crossover study conducted at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Injuries among electric power industry workers, 1995-2013.

Abstract Introduction Workers in the electric power industry face many risks of injury due to the high diversity of work tasks performed in potentially hazardous and unpredictable work environments. Method We calculated injury rates by age, sex, occupational group, and injury type among workers in the Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI) Occupational Health and Safety Database (OHSD), which contains recordable injury, medical claims, and personnel data from 18 participating electric power companies from 1995 to 2013. Results The OHSD includes a total of 63,193 injuries over 1,977,436 employee-years of follow-up, for an overall injury rate of 3.20 injuries per 100 employee-years. Annual injury rates steadily decreased from 1995 to 2000, increased sharply in 2001, and subsequently decreased to their lowest rate of 1.31 injuries per 100 employee-years in 2013. Occupations with the highest injury rates were welders (13.56 per 100 employee-years, 95% CI 12.74–14.37), meter readers (12.04 per 100 employee-years, 95% CI 11.77–12.31), and line workers (10.37 per 100 employee-years, 95% CI 10.19–10.56). Males had an overall higher injury rate compared to females (2.74 vs. 1.61 per 100 employee-years) although some occupations, such as meter reader, had higher injury rates for females. For all workers, injury rates were highest for those in the 21 to 30 age group (3.70 per 100 employee-years) and decreased with age. Welders and machinists did not follow this trend and had higher injury rates in the 65 + age group. There were 63 fatalities over the 1995 to 2013 period, with 21 fatalities (33.3%) occurring among line workers. Conclusions Although injury rates have decreased over time, certain high-risk groups remain (i.e., line workers, mechanics, young males, older welders and machinists, and female meter readers). Practical applications Protective measures and targeted safety programs may be warranted to ensure the safety of electric power workers.
Freedom-From or Freedom-For? Academic Freedom, Responsibility, and the Revival of the Liberal Arts

The debate on “academic freedom” is usually built around the idea of freedom from, namely the absence of constraints, boundaries, and limitations to the free expression of one’s own epistemological position in scholarship and teaching. In particular, in the last decades, a supposedly neutral atheistic view has been imposing its view on the academy, even in many religiously affiliated institutions, both in the USA and in Europe. However, there is a second aspect of academic freedom, namely the academics’ freedom to show the intrinsic connections between their field (whatever it is) and a broader metaphysical view (whatever it is), and this second aspect needs much more attention.
Predictors of venous thromboembolism in patients with primary sarcoma of bone.

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be independently associated with both orthopaedic surgery and malignancy. Patients undergoing surgery for musculoskeletal malignancies are at an increased risk for thromboembolic events. Although VTE can lead to serious morbidity and mortality, the potential complications of prophylactic anticoagulation call for a greater understanding of a patient's risk factors, as well as more rigorous guidelines for prophylactic anticoagulation regimens. The aims of this study were to 1) Analyze the rate of VTE in patients surgically treated for primary bone sarcoma; 2) Identify risk factors for VTE in patients with primary bone sarcoma; 3) Discuss the complications associated with prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with primary bone sarcoma. Methods This retrospective study identified all patients 18 years and older treated surgically at our institution for a primary bone sarcoma between 1990 and 2015. All patients with at least 90 days of post-operative follow-up from the index surgery were analyzed for occurrence of VTE. Those with an event were compared to those without to identify predictors of VTE. Results 21 patients (5.5%) had a clinically symptomatic, radiographically confirmed VTE within 90 days of index surgery (12 DVT, 9 PE). Higher preoperative white blood cell count (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.29) and post-operative wound complications (OR 5.01, 95% CI 1.93–13.55) were found to be independent risk factors for VTE. No differences in terms of efficacy were found among medications. The risk of wound complications increased significantly in patients who received chemical prophylaxis (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.00–4.87). Conclusions Our patient population had a relatively low rate of VTE as compared to the literature. Preoperative white blood cell count (WBC) and post-operative wound complications were both found to be independently associated predictors for VTE in patients with primary bone sarcoma. An elevated WBC may reflect hemoconcentration which per se is prothrombotic in nature. Aggressive DVT prophylaxis may, counter intuitively, increase the risk of thromboembolic events due to prolonged immobilization and additional surgeries that usually occur when addressing postoperative wound complications such as postoperative hematoma and wound dehiscence that may relate to overanticoagulation. Prospective randomized trials comparing different medications in combination with compressive devices are needed to assess efficacy with the lowest complication profile. Simpler protocols may increase patient compliance to prophylactic treatment.
Exploring the Medical and Psychosocial Concerns of Adolescents and Young Adults With Craniofacial Microsomia: A Qualitative Study.

Objective:This study explores the experiences of adolescents and young adults with craniofacial microsomia, including the impact of growing up with this craniofacial condition on daily life and sen...
Effect of Aspartame in Diabetic Rats

The effect of acute and chronic ingestion of aspartame was studied in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In both groups, a single dose of aspartame caused an increase of approximately 12% in liver tryptophan oxygenase (TO) activity. In diabetic animals, the sweetener caused a decrease in blood and brain tryptophan and an increase in serum glucose and glucagon. Chronic ingestion of aspartame also caused increase in TO activity in both groups. It caused a decrease in fasting serum insulin in normal animals and an increase in serum glucose in diabetic animals. Aspartame may adversely affect the capacity to control glucose metabolism in the diabetic.
Role of out-of-plane dielectric thickness in the electrostatic simulation of atomically thin lateral junctions

Two-dimensional materials enable novel electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. Device modeling plays a fundamental role in developing these novel devices by providing insights into the underlying physics. In this work, we present the dramatic impact of the simulated out-of-plane dielectric thickness on the electrostatics of lateral junctions formed from atomically thin materials. We show that unlike bulk junctions, the boundary conditions on the edges of the simulation region significantly affect the electrostatics of two-dimensional (2D) lateral junctions by modifying the out-of-plane electric field. We also present an intuitive understanding of the Neumann boundary conditions imposed on the boundaries of the simulation region. The Neumann boundary conditions alter the intended simulation by generating reflections of the device across the boundaries. Finally, we derive a minimal dielectric thickness for a symmetrically doped 2D lateral p-n junction, above which the out-of-plane simulation region boundaries minimally affect the simulated electric field, electrostatic potential, and depletion width of the junction.Two-dimensional materials enable novel electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. Device modeling plays a fundamental role in developing these novel devices by providing insights into the underlying physics. In this work, we present the dramatic impact of the simulated out-of-plane dielectric thickness on the electrostatics of lateral junctions formed from atomically thin materials. We show that unlike bulk junctions, the boundary conditions on the edges of the simulation region significantly affect the electrostatics of two-dimensional (2D) lateral junctions by modifying the out-of-plane electric field. We also present an intuitive understanding of the Neumann boundary conditions imposed on the boundaries of the simulation region. The Neumann boundary conditions alter the intended simulation by generating reflections of the device across the boundaries. Finally, we derive a minimal dielectric thickness for a symmetrically doped 2D lateral p-n junction, above which the out-of-pl...
Exosomal transfer of mitochondria from airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells to T cells

Chronic inflammation involving both innate and adaptive immune cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Intercellular communication is essential for driving and resolving inflammatory responses in asthma. Emerging studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes facilitate this process. In this report, we have used a range of approaches to show that EVs contain markers of mitochondria derived from donor cells which are capable of sustaining a membrane potential. Further, we propose that these participate in intercellular communication within the airways of human subjects with asthma. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of both healthy volunteers and asthmatics contain EVs with encapsulated mitochondria; however, the % HLA-DR+ EVs containing mitochondria and the levels of mitochondrial DNA within EVs were significantly higher in asthmatics. Furthermore, mitochondria are present in exosomes derived from the pro-inflammatory HLA-DR+ subsets of airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRCs), which are known regulators of T cell responses in asthma. Exosomes tagged with MitoTracker Green, or derived from MDRCs transduced with CellLight Mitochondrial GFP were found in recipient peripheral T cells using a co-culture system, supporting direct exosome-mediated cell-cell transfer. Importantly, exosomally transferred mitochondria co-localize with the mitochondrial network and generate reactive oxygen species within recipient T cells. These findings support a potential novel mechanism of cell-cell communication involving exosomal transfer of mitochondria and the bioenergetic and/or redox regulation of target cells.
Community care integration

The number of cancer survivors in the United States continues to grow and is approaching 14 million. Cancer survivorship care varies by disease type, but the primary components of care include surveillance for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, and primary prevention involving lifestyle interventions and improving psychosocial functioning. The goal of survivorship care is to maximize disease-free survival while maintaining optimal quality of life. Optimal care can be provided by primary care physicians in addition to cancer specialists; however, delivery of high-quality care for cancer survivors can be hindered by poor coordination of care, limitations in knowledge and skills related to survivorship care, gaps in evidence-based recommendations for prevention and other areas of survivorship care beyond the first few years, and communication issues. Coordination of care and communication may be improved by the use of a “survivorship care plan” document that provides a concise summary of the patient’s treatment and a plan for follow-up care. In addition, variations across ethnic groups in the impact of cancer during the survivorship phase of care have been documented in several areas of study, and cultural, social, and ethnic considerations are important factors in delivering optimal care to cancer survivors.
Bone Health from an Evolutionary Perspective: Development in Early Human Populations

Skeletal characteristics, bone health, and the risk of osteoporosis differ within and between modern day populations, and almost certainly reflect our evolutionary past. In this chapter, we review the major evolutionary events among the hominins, the human sub-family of primates, and provide an overview of evolutionary mechanisms resulting in the genetic changes that helped our ancestors to adapt to diverse environments. The skeleton can also be affected by a number of environmental and cultural factors, including diet, physical activity, work patterns, health and disease. For the purposes of examining evolutionary aspects of bone health, it is fortunate that bones can be preserved in the fossil record, and certain artifacts of cultural adaptation may also be present in hominin fossil sites. Anthropological techniques have been developed that allow us to create reasonable models of life in past human populations, thereby providing some insight into modern-day bone health. The major biocultural shifts during hominin evolution include the following: expansion from the tropics to a wide range of environments; transition from hunting and gathering to food production; change from physically active lifestyles to relative sedentism; and increase in life expectancy, with changes in reproductive behaviors. These four areas form the focal points for an examination of human bone health from an evolutionary perspective.
On the Dynamical Stability of Fluid Phases

In his essay, “A Method of Graphical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces,” published in 1873, Gibbs [1] proposed and studied a criterion for the stability of a fluid surrounded by a medium held at fixed temperature and pressure. Assuming that the specific internal energy ɛ of a fluid in thermodynamic equilibrium is given by a function ɛ of the specific entropy η and specific volume v of the fluid, Gibbs gave a heuristic argument to the effect that a uniform phase with specific entropy η° and specific volume v° is stable in an environment at temperature 0° and pressure p° if the inequality $$\mathop \varepsilon \limits^ - \left( {\eta ,v} \right) - {\theta ^ \circ }n + {p^ \circ }v > \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ - \left( {{n^ \circ },{v^ \circ }} \right) - {\theta ^ \circ }{\eta ^ \circ } + {p^ \circ }{v^ \circ }$$ (1.1) holds for all pairs (η, v) not equal to (η°, v°)1, Criteria of this type occur also in Gibbs’ memoir “On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances” [2] and are there related to his concept of the stability of an isolated system.
Fabrication and characterization of SnO2 nanorods for room temperature gas sensors

Highly sensitive large-scale tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures were grown on a glass substrate by thermal evaporation of a mixture of anhydrous tin (II) chloride (SnCl2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) powders at 550°C in air. We demonstrate a single cell vapor deposition system to precisely control nanostructural morphology of SnO2 by changing the weight ratio of SnCl2 and ZnCl2 and growth temperature. The morphology and structural property of as-grown nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images revealed that the SnO2 nanostructures with different densities, sizes, and shapes can be achieved by adjusting the weight ratio of SnCl2 and ZnCl2. A thin film gas sensor based on SnO2 nanostructures with diameter ∼20 nm and length ∼100 nm showed ∼85% sensitivity and 53 seconds of response time, whereas the nanorods with diameter ∼100 nm and length ∼ 1μm showed ∼50% sensitivity with 198 seconds response time. The nanostructured material with small size and shape showed better sensitivity on sensing at room temperature compared to previously reported SnO2 based sensors.
Bacterial butyrate prevents atherosclerosis.

Gut microbiota are known to produce an intermediate metabolite in the production of trimethylamine N-oxide that promotes atherosclerosis. Now, another metabolite produced by the same bacteria has been identified that prevents atherosclerosis. The basis for these opposing microbial effects are dictated by diet.
Sovereign Debt and State Financing

The management of the national debt does not correspond to the rules for management of the personal debt of individuals, households, or business enterprises. This chapter argues that economic history is of vital importance in elucidating this difference. Economic historians explore past episodes of unusually large expansions of sovereign debt to uncover the economic consequences when taxes are raised or not, and when the money supply is increased or not. This chapter uncovers the economics of sovereign debt by surveying academic debates on a selection of such historical events, including the Mississippi and South Sea bubbles and the sovereign default of Spain.
A highly expressed intestinal cysteine protease of Ancylostoma ceylanicum protects vaccinated hamsters from hookworm infection.

Background Human hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum) are intestinal blood-feeding parasites that infect ~500 million people worldwide and are among the leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia in the developing world. Drugs are useful against hookworm infections, but hookworms rapidly reinfect people, and the parasites can develop drug resistance. Therefore, having a hookworm vaccine would be of tremendous benefit. Methodology/Principal findings We investigated the vaccine efficacy in outbred Syrian hamsters of three A. ceylanicum hookworm antigen candidates from two classes of proteins previously identified as promising vaccine candidates. These include two intestinally-enriched, putatively secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases (AceyCP1, AceyCPL) and one small Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (AceySKPI3). Recombinant proteins were produced in Pichia pastoris, and adsorbed to Alhydrogel. Recombinant AceyCPL (rAceyCPL)/Alhydrogel and rAceySKPI3/Alhydrogel induced high serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in 8/8 vaccinates, but were not protective. rAceyCP1/Alhydrogel induced intermediate serum IgG titers in ~60% of vaccinates in two different trials. rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders had highly significantly decreased hookworm burdens, fecal egg counts and clinical pathology compared to Alhydrogel controls and nonresponders. Protection was highly correlated with rAceyCP1 serum IgG titer. Antisera from rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders, but not nonresponders or rAceyCPL/Alhydrogel vaccinates, significantly reduced adult A. ceylanicum motility in vitro. Furthermore, rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders had canonical Th2-specific recall responses (IL4, IL5, IL13) in splenocytes stimulated ex vivo. Conclusions/Significance These findings indicate that rAceyCP1 is a promising vaccine candidate and validates a genomic/transcriptomic approach to human hookworm vaccine discovery.
Automatic detection of latent software component relationships from online Q&A sites

Modern software system stacks are composed of large numbers of software components. These components may include a broad range of entities such as services, libraries, and frameworks, all intended to address specific requirements. It is not only necessary that these components satisfy respective functional and non-functional concerns, but also that the combinations of selected components work well together. The space of component combinations to explore is huge. Together with the almost universal lack of formal documentation suggesting desirable combinations and cautioning against undesirable ones, this renders the proper selection of combinations very challenging. For this reason, software engineers often solicit advice and document their experience on online forums such as community Q&A sites. In this paper, we show that these Q&A sites contain valuable knowledge about inter-component relations. We develop an approach using information extraction techniques to automatically identify three different types of compatibility relations from unstructured text on Q&A site postings. Our work demonstrates that identifying such relations is valuable for the design of component-based systems and that automatic relation extraction is a promising technique to systematically harness such community knowledge.
Cognitive function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Examining effects of disease, treatment, and inflammation.

11584Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is an important clinical problem that may occur through pro-inflammatory pathways, cancer-related pathology, or cancer treatment. However...
REVIEW PAPER ON SIESMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTISTOREY BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMN

Recent construction practices have seen a tremendous use of first few floors as parking spaces ,banquet halls, auditoriums and community halls, etc. All these amenities require large unobstructed spaces and the normal column arrangement poses interruption. this problem is dealt with the use of floating columns. Floating column is a column that does not continue till the foundation level but rests on a beam.due to this feature the load transfer path is disrupted abd a new load transfer par Th is generated due to the floating column. This paper presents a review of studies carried out on Seismic Analysis of the building with Floating column by various authors in the past. The analysis has been done in the past using finite element method based softares like ETABS, STAADpro ,etc.the conclusions were derived on the basis of variation in base shear, storey drift, storey shear, storey displacement, etc. both simple and complex structures were used by authors in the past.
Measurements of a turbulent boundary layer-compliant surface system in response to targeted, dynamic roughness forcing

A series of experiments have been performed to study the response of a compliant (gelatin) surface to a turbulent boundary layer that has been forced by dynamic roughness. Through the synthetic flow structure generated by dynamic roughness, this work reduces the complexity of the fluid–structural problem in order to develop a fundamental framework with which to study flow control mechanisms. Flow velocity and surface deformations are measured using 2D particle image velocimetry and stereo digital image correlation, respectively. Both measurement methods are phase-locked to the roughness motion to allow the phase-averaged velocity and deformation fields to be isolated and correlated. The surface response of the non-dynamic roughness forced system is analyzed, and several spectral features are characterized. This analysis is used as context for the roughness forced deformations, subsequently confirming the response of the compliant surface to the synthetic flow mode. This demonstrates the potential of dynamic roughness experiments for studying flow control schemes and sets the stage for more detailed investigations of the effect of the compliant surface on the synthetic flow mode.
A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing: An Innovation of Mass Customization

Purpose：This paper reviews the literature on state-of-the-art 3D and 4D printing technology in the fashion mass customization context and proposes an innovative design concept for improving independent designers’ and small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) practice, premised on commercialized technology and accessible materials in the fashion mass customization business. Design/methodology/approach：The literature review of 3D and 4D printing technologies enabled discussion of the possibilities of using them for mass customization, especially in the fashion industry. Then the study presented a prototype suggesting an approach to improve mass customization by combining two technologies. Findings：The intrinsic worth of 3D and 4D printing technology has inspired researchers to strike an innovative path towards exploiting the potential for mass customization in the fashion industry, through embedding shape memory materials into 3D-printed objects. 4D printing was confirmed as offering potential for application in the fashion industry. Research limitations：A fashion accessory case was presented, exemplifying such 3D/4D printed fashion items, but more studies experimenting with other types of fashion products are warranted. Originality/value：This paper establishes appropriate knowledge flows between 4D printing technology and its commercial possibilities, by identifying the strengths of 4D printing technology, particularly in the fashion industry. In addition, integration of 3D and 4D printing components is proposed, to reduce consumer return rate and increase products’ hedonic value by facilitating change of shape of the 3D-printed object post printing.
The Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal contributes to the virulence of Burkholderia mallei and provides protection against lethal aerosol challenge.

is a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes the fatal zoonosis glanders. The organism specifies multiple membrane proteins, which represent prime targets for the development of countermeasures giv...
Reassembling Ford: Time is Money in Brian O’Nolan’s Brave New Ireland

Noting that Roger Burlingame’s Henry Ford (1957) is among the books maintained in Brian O’Nolan’s personal library at Boston College, this essay explores the enduring interest in Henry Ford evinced from O’Nolan’s novels and columns, from At Swim-Two-Birds to Slattery's Sago Saga. By comparing O'Nolan's response to Fordism to that expressed in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, it is demonstrated how mass production and social engineering are inextricably linked in the imagination of the day.To read the article, click Download or View PDF.
A Bayesian Nonatomic Game and Its Applicability to Finite-player Situations

We investigate a nonatomic game (NG) on top of whose more or less conventional setups there is also a random state of the world. Every player receives only a signal of the state's realization upon which her decision is based. The state of the world, her own action, and the external environment formed by other players taking their actions may all influence a player's payoff. Not knowing the true state, the player would strive for a higher average payoff conditioned on her received signal. We demonstrate that equilibria can be reached for the game under reasonable conditions. Not only are they in existence, these equilibrium points are also useful. When the state space is finite, each of them would become ever more likely to help an $n$-player Bayesian game whose player profile is randomly generated from the original NG's player distribution to reach ever nearer equilibrium as n tends to +∞. More important, pure E-equilibria would likely emerge even though the NG equilibrium might well be mixed to start with. Pure versions of the latter would exist when the NG is anonymous.
Coeliac disease: making the diagnosis.

### Key points Coeliac disease (CD) is a systemic, immune-mediated disorder precipitated by gluten and related prolamins. It is characterised by gut enteropathy. It can manifest at any age after weaning (6 months onwards). The estimated lifetime prevalence is around 1% when populations are screened, although significantly fewer are diagnosed. This partly reflects the wide range of presenting symptoms—gastrointestinal, non-gastrointestinal and occult—and many of the cases picked up on screening are asymptomatic at presentation. Other factors include gluten restriction before diagnosis, diagnostic overshadowing whereby the condition is not considered when other conditions are present and the fact that cases can test negative and then develop the condition later. This last issue makes the implementation of population screening complex …
Genetic and antigenic characterization of an expanding H3 influenza A virus clade in US swine visualized by Nextstrain

Defining factors that influence spatial and temporal patterns of influenza A virus (IAV) is essential to inform vaccine strain selection and strategies to reduce the spread of potentially zoonotic swine-origin IAV. The relative frequency of detection of the H3 phylogenetic clade 1990.4.a (colloquially known as C-IVA) in US swine declined to 7% in 2017, but increased to 32% in 2019. We conducted phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses to determine putative mechanisms associated with increased detection. We created an implementation of Nextstrain to visualize the emergence, spatial spread, and genetic evolution of H3 IAV-S, identifying two C-IVA clades that emerged in 2017 and cocirculated in multiple US states. Phylodynamic analysis of the HA gene documented low relative genetic diversity from 2017 to 2019, suggesting clonal expansion. The major H3 C-IVA clade contained an N156H amino acid substitution, but HI assays demonstrated no significant antigenic drift. The minor HA clade was paired with the NA clade N2-2002B prior to 2016, but acquired and maintained N2-2002A in 2016, resulting in a loss in antigenic cross-reactivity between N2-2002B and -2002A containing H3N2 strains. The major C-IVA clade viruses acquired a nucleoprotein (NP) of the H1N1pdm09 lineage through reassortment in replacement of the North American swine lineage NP. Instead of genetic or antigenic diversity within the C-IVA HA, our data suggest that population immunity to H3 2010.1, along with antigenic diversity of the NA and acquisition of the H1N1pdm09 NP gene likely explain the re-emergence and transmission of C-IVA H3N2 in swine. ImportanceGenetically distinct clades of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine undermines efforts to control the disease. Swine producers commonly use vaccines, and vaccine strains are selected by identifying the most common hemagglutinin (HA) gene from viruses detected in a farm or a region. In 2019, we identified an increase in detection frequency of an H3 phylogenetic clade, C-IVA, which was previously circulating at much lower levels in U.S. swine. Our study identified genetic and antigenic factors contributing to its resurgence by linking comprehensive phylodynamic analyses with empirical wet-lab experiments and visualized these evolutionary analyses in a Nextstrain implementation. The contemporary C-IVA HA genes did not demonstrate an increase in genetic diversity nor significant antigenic changes. N2 genes did demonstrate antigenic diversity, and the expanding C-IVA clade acquired a nucleoprotein (NP) gene segment via reassortment. Virus phenotype and vaccination targeting prior dominant HA clades likely contributed to the clades success.
Phase Transitions in Materials

Part I. Basic Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations: 1. Introduction 2. Essentials of T-c phase diagrams 3. Diffusion 4. Nucleation 5. Effects of diffusion and nucleation on phase transformations Part II. The Atomic Origins of Thermodynamics and Kinetics: 6. Energy 7. Entropy 8. Pressure 9. Atom movements with the vacancy mechanism Part III. Types of Phase Transformations: 10. Melting 11. Transformations involving precipitates and interfaces 12. Spinodal decomposition 13. Phase field theory 14. Method of concentration waves and chemical ordering 15. Diffusionless transformations 16. Thermodynamics of nanomaterials 17. Magnetic and electronic phase transitions 18. Phase transitions in quantum materials Part IV. Advanced Topics 19. Low temperature analysis of phase boundaries 20. Cooperative behavior near a critical temperature 21. Elastic energy of solid precipitates 22. Statistical kinetics of ordering transformations 23. Diffusion, dissipation, and inelastic scattering 24. Vibrational thermodynamics of materials at high temperatures.
The Bennett’s Millpond Environmental Learning Project: Place-Based Education with Student-Teacher Research Teams

This chapter describes a case study of place-based education in action called the Bennett’s Millpond Environmental Learning Project. The work sought to engage high school students and teachers in place-based, collaborative research experiences related to environmental sustainability. Results from a formal evaluation of the project are discussed. Several themes related to science teacher education and professional development that emerged from the data are presented, including teacher development as researchers, teacher development of collaborations with the community, and teacher use of technology to facilitate learning and outreach. An argument is provided for the importance of technology as a mediator that allows both teachers and students to easily move between local place-based environmental sustainability issues and global worldviews.
Exercise- and hypertension-induced collagen changes are related to left ventricular function in rat hearts

Chronic hypertension, known to affect the collagen profile of the heart, and exercise result in impaired or improved heart function, respectively. Collagen types I [alpha 1(I)2 and alpha 2(I)] and ...
Integrated permission planning and execution for unmanned ground vehicles

Fielding robots in complex applications can stress the human operators responsible for supervising them, particularly because the operators might understand the applications but not the details of the robots. Our answer to this problem has been to insert agent technology between the operator and the robotic platforms. In this paper, we motivate the challenges in defining, developing, and deploying the agent technology that provides the glue in the application of tasking unmanned ground vehicles in a military setting. We describe how a particular suite of architectural components serves equally well to support the interactions between the operator, planning agents, and robotic agents, and how our approach allows autonomy during planning and execution of a mission to be allocated among the human and artificial agents. Our implementation and demonstrations (in real robots and simulations) of our multi-agent system shows significant promise for the integration of unmanned vehicles in military applications.
Size control via size fair genetic operators in the PushGP genetic programming system

The growth of program size during evolution (code "bloat") is a well-documented and well-studied problem in genetic programming. This paper examines the use of "size fair" genetic operators to combat code bloat in the PushGP genetic programming system. Size fair operators are compared to naive operators and to operators that use "node selection" as described by Koza. The effects of the operator choices are assessed in runs on symbolic regression, parity and multiplexor problems (2,700 runs in total). The results show that the size fair operators control bloat well while producing unusually parsimonious solutions. The computational effort required to find a solution using size fair operators is about equal to, or slightly better than, the effort required using the comparison operators.
A Dynamic Failure Model for Predicting the Impact That a Program Location has on the Program

This paper presents a dynamic technique for predicting the effect that a "location" of a program will have on the program''s computational behavior. The technique is based on the three necessary and sufficient conditions for software failure to occur: (1) a fault must be executed, (2) the fault must adversely affect the data state, and (3) the adverse effect in a data state must affect program output. In order to predict the effect that a location of a program will have on the program''s computational behavior, the following characteristics of each program location are estimated: (1) the probability that a location of the program is executed, (2) the probability that a location of the program noticeably affects the program state created by the location, and (3) the probability that the data states created by a location affect the program''s output. With estimates of these charactistics for each location in a program, we can predict those locations where a fault can more easily remain undetected during testing, as well as predict the degree of testing necessary to be convinced that a fault is not remaining undetected in a particular location.