cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative statistical description of integrin clusters in adherent cells

Regulation of protein-protein interactions because of their spatial organisation in cells often shapes cell signalling responses to external stimuli, yet most current cell signalling models do not include spatial segregation of proteins beyond coarse control volumes like the cytosol or nucleus. A significant hindrance to spatial modelling of cell signalling is a lack of data describing the spatial organisation of proteins in cells. One signalling system in which spatial organisation is critical is integrin signalling, where protein interactions are restricted to small, micron-sized protein complexes that form on clusters of transmembrane integrin proteins. Using confocal microscopy and image analysis to quantify the size, shape and location of integrin clusters, the authors observed that cells exhibit large variability in these integrin cluster properties. To describe these heterogeneous populations of clusters quantitatively, the authors identified appropriate probability models to characterise the size, shape and location of integrin clusters in a population of adherent cells. The authors determined that integrin cluster sizes are lognormally distributed, integrin cluster eccentricities are beta distributed, and the distances of integrin clusters from the cell centre are gamma distributed. The authors estimated the parameters corresponding to these probability models from empirical data describing integrin clusters in a population of cells, and the resulting probability models describe the heterogeneous populations of clusters. These population models provide the means to create an accurate mathematical description of spatially localised integrin signalling compartments for use in computational models of integrin signalling.
Probing the transcriptome of neuronal cell types.

Distinct neuronal cell types acquire and maintain their identity by expressing different genes. Recently it has become feasible to measure this cell type specific expression by isolating and amplifying mRNA from small populations of fluorescently labeled neurons and probing this mRNA with microarrays. Prior to this, most neuronal gene expression studies used tissue homogenates or randomly selected single cells and were, therefore, not well suited to studying transcriptional differences between cell types. Microarray studies of purified cell types have enabled investigators to identify the transcriptional signatures of, for example, subtypes of pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the neocortex, modulatory dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, and the striatal neurons that form the so-called ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ pathways through the basal ganglia. These studies are opening up new approaches to understanding brain circuitry, plasticity and pathology and are refining the concept of the neuronal cell type.
The impact of the native language of Alzheimer's disease and normal elderly individuals on their ability to recall digits.

Recent studies have indicated that Spanish-speaking Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients perform more poorly than English-speaking patients on the Digit Span subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). In the current investigation, the performance of English-speaking and Spanish-speaking Alzheimer's disease patients (N = 119) and normal elderly controls (N = 91) were compared with regards to their capacity to remember digit strings of different lengths. Subjects were administered the standard version of the Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-R as well as a modification of the test (chunking task) in which the numbers were presented in pairs (e.g. 27, 41, 46, 12, etc.). Results indicated that both English-speaking groups, AD patients as well as normal controls, had significantly higher scores on all aspects of the standard Digit Span tasks relative to their Spanish-speaking counterparts (forward, backward, and total scores). In contrast, English-speaking and Spanish-speaking AD groups did not differ with regards to their performance on the two digit chunking task forward score. Similar performance on all aspects of the chunking task was evidenced in the English-speaking and Spanish-speaking normal elderly control groups. These findings have important implications for the development of more culture and language appropriate cognitive test batteries for AD patients and the normal elderly.
Procedure for titration of interleukin-2 based on direct observation of factor-dependent growth of cells

A semi-quantitative procedure for titration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) without the use of radioactive labeling of IL-2 target cells was developed. The procedure is based on the observation that those cells cultivated in round-bottom wells formed visible cultures and that the dimension of these cultures decreased at higher dilutions of IL-2 in the medium. The end-point of the titration can be easily established by observing the cultures with a concave mirror placed under the titration plate. The procedure has been used for the determination of IL-2 during its purification and characterization.
The sulfur components of Allium species as flavoring matter

Gas chromatographic analysis of the headspace volatiles from various kinds ofAllium (onions) revealed the principal disulfides present as being: di-n-propyl, n-propyl allyl, methyl-n-propyl, methyl allyl, dimethyl and diallyl. These aliphatic disulfides appear to be one of the principal groups of compounds responsible for the aroma and flavor of onions. A procedure for the qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds is discussed. Comparisons are made between disulfide composition of various species and also between fresh and dehydrated onion samples. The amounts of volatile disulfides lost on dehydration are discussed.
A randomized controlled trial of chest compression only CPR for older adults-a pilot study.

Abstract Older people are trained infrequently in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), yet are more likely to witness a cardiac arrest. Older people who are CPR trained perform CPR when witnessing a cardiac arrest. Objective: To assess whether elderly adults (>55 years) who receive chest-compression only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CC-CPR) training display equivalent skill retention rates compared with those who receive traditional CPR instruction. We also identified factors associated with 3 months skill retention at 3 months in both groups. Methods: Older adults in a suburban hospital Older Adult Services program were invited to participate in an experimental CPR course. The 2 h course was modelled after the AHA Friends and Family course, and used one of two standardized video scenarios. Seventy four subjects were randomized to CC-CPR ( n =36) or traditional CPR ( n =38) training. Participation consisted of initial training, followed by a 3 months return videotaped assessment. Three months skill competence was assessed either by consensus between two video evaluators, or the on-site evaluator. Chi square and Kappa tests were used for analysis, and unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results: Skill retention assessments were completed on 29 (81%) CC-CPR and 26 (68%) CPR trainees. Subjects were elderly (71.5±6.69 years), and had a high rate of previous CPR training (58.0%). Groups were similar in demographic characteristics. After training, participants exhibited high rates of perceived competence (86.4%), although the overall 3 months skill retention was low (43.6%). CC-CPR training resulted in equivalent skill retention rates as compared with traditional CPR training (51.7 vs. 44.4%; P =0.586). No participant factors were associated with skill retention, including age, previous CPR training, education level, medical history, or perceived physical ability to perform. Conclusion: We identified low rates of CPR skill retention in this elderly population. CC-CPR instruction was associated with equivalent skill retention rates compared with traditional CPR instruction. No demographic factors were associated with successful skill retention.
Toward Agent-based Modeling of the U.S. Department of Defense Acquisition System

Abstract The systems development, procurement and sustainment of a nation's military equipment is vital to its national interests, but the process is complex, constantly changing and highly adaptive, as well as time consuming and costly. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) expends both large amounts of capital and manpower to equip its armed forces. This research seeks to identify opportunities to gain better insight into the functioning of the defense acquisition system, building on previous simulations. A case is made that the DoD Requirements, Planning Acquisition, Technology and Logistics System is a complex adaptive system that has characteristics appropriate for exploration with agent-based modeling. This paper reviews relevant literature, existing models and presents preliminary analysis on an agent-based simulation of the DoD acquisition system. This research finds that agent-based modeling can provide insights to inform new acquisition theory.
An analysis of spalling in the microscratch test

Abstract An analysis of the microscratch test is presented for the case when extensive spalling occurs ahead of the scratch. In contrast to earlier models, attention is not focused on modeling the loads exerted on the film during a scratch test. Rather, the analysis relies on using the geometry of the spall to deduce the critical in-plane load for delamination and, hence, the interfacial toughness. It is shown that the extent of the spall is inversely proportional to the fourth root of the toughness. The model is used to compute the interfacial toughness between a Pt film and a NiO substrate using experimental data given in the literature. The predicted toughness is very consistent with the expected value.
Antibodies against a Synthetic Peptide of SagA Neutralize the Cytolytic Activity of Streptolysin S from Group A Streptococci

Virtually all group A streptococci (GAS) produce streptolysin S (SLS), a cytolytic toxin that is responsible for the beta-hemolysis surrounding colonies of the organisms grown on blood agar. SLS is an important virulence determinant of GAS, and recent studies have identified a nine-gene locus that is responsible for synthesis and transport of the toxin. SLS is not immunogenic; thus, no neutralizing antibodies are evoked during the course of natural infection. In the present study, we show that a synthetic peptide containing amino acid residues 10 to 30 of the putative SLS (SagA) propeptide [SLS(10-30)] coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin evoked antibodies in rabbits that completely neutralized the hemolytic activity of the toxin in vitro. Inhibition of hemolysis was reversed by preincubation of the immune serum with soluble, unconjugated peptide, indicating the specificity of the antibodies. In addition, antibodies that were affinity purified over an SLS(10-30) peptide column completely inhibited SLS-mediated hemolysis. The SLS(10-30) antisera did not opsonize group A streptococci; however, when combined with type-specific M protein antisera, the SLS antibodies significantly enhanced phagocytosis mediated by M protein antibodies. Thus, we have shown for the first time that it is possible to raise neutralizing antibodies against one of the most potent bacterial cytolytic toxins known. Our data also provide convincing evidence that the sagA gene actually encodes the SLS peptide of GAS. The synthetic peptide may prove to be an important component of vaccines designed to prevent GAS infections.
Angler perceptions of fishing success and the effect of on‐site catch rate information

Abstract Anglers fishing in put‐and‐take rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fisheries in urban lakes rated their fishing success on average less than “fair”; (rating scale “poor,”; “fair,”; “good,”; or “excellent") even though average catch rates exceeded the 0.5 fish/hour catch rate fisheries managers often use as a target catch rate. Catching at least one trout/trip was important to 81% of the anglers, and catching a daily limit was important to 50% of the anglers. We found that informing anglers about the actual catch rate of rainbow trout in these lakes in the previous year significantly improved anglers’ fishing‐success ratings. We suggest that angler fishing‐success rating is an important element of fishery evaluation, and providing catch rate standards is necessary for realistic evaluation by anglers.
Out of many, one: reliable results from unreliable recognition

Recognition technologies such as speech recognition and optical recognition are still, by themselves, not reliable enough for many practical uses in user interfaces. However, by combining input from several sources, each of which may be unreliable by itself, and with knowledge of a specific task and context that the user is engaged in, we might achieve enough recognition to provide useful results. We describe a preliminary experiment to assist the user in giving directions for urban navigation by combining partial results from unreliable speech recognition and unreliable visual recognition.
Quantization of Sparse Representations

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition technique for sparse and compressible signals. Rather than uniformly sampling the signal, CS computes inner products with randomized basis functions; the signal is then recovered by a convex optimization. Random CS measurements are universal in the sense that the same acquisition system is sufficient for signals sparse in any representation. This paper examines the quantization of strictly sparse, power-limited signals and concludes that CS with scalar quantization uses its allocated rate inefficiently. The results complement related work on the quantization of CS measurements of compressible signals.
Mass isotopomer study of anaplerosis from propionate in the perfused rat heart

Abstract Anaplerosis from propionate was investigated in rat hearts perfused with 0–2 mM [13C3]propionate and physiological concentrations of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. The data show that when the concentration of [13C3]propionate was raised from 0 to 2 mM, total anaplerosis increased from 5% to 16% of the turnover of citric acid cycle intermediates. Then, [13C3]propionate abolished anaplerosis from endogenous substrates, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. Also, while the contents of propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA increased with [13C3]propionate concentration, the content of succinyl-CoA decreased, presumably via activation of succinyl-CoA hydrolysis by a decrease in free CoA. Under our conditions, [13C3]propionate was a purely anaplerotic substrate since there was no labeling of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, reflected by the labeling of the acetyl moiety of citrate.
Humanistic Trends and the Curriculum Field

(1978). Humanistic Trends and the Curriculum Field. Journal of Curriculum Studies: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 197-204.
Rational conversion of affinity reagents into label-free sensors for Peptide motifs by designed allostery.

Optical biosensors for short peptide motifs, an important class of biomarkers, have been developed based on “affinity clamps”, a new class of recombinant affinity reagents. Affinity clamps are engineered by linking a peptide-binding domain and an antibody mimic domain based on the fibronectin type III scaffold, followed by optimization of the interface between the two. This two-domain architecture allows for the design of allosteric coupling of peptide binding to fluorescence energy transfer between two fluorescent proteins attached to the affinity clamp. Coupled with high affinity and specificity of the underlying affinity clamps and rationally designed mutants with different sensitivity, peptide concentrations in crude cell lysate were determined with a low nanomolar detection limit and over 3 orders of magnitude. Because diverse affinity clamps can be engineered, our strategy provides a general platform to generate a repertoire of genetically encoded, label-free sensors for peptide motifs.
Birth Weight Reduction Associated with Residential Exposure to Airborne VOCs Near a U.S. Air Force Base

Kimsey Addition is a neighborhood community immediately adjacent to Tinker Air Force Base in the metropolitan area of Oklahoma City. This community was exposed to airborne volatile organic compound...
The Relationship Between System Effectiveness and Subjective Usability Scores Using the System Usability Scale

This article examines the relationship between users’ subjective usability assessments, as measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS), and the ISO metric of effectiveness, using task success as the measure. The article reports the results of two studies designed to explore the relationship between SUS scores and user success rates for a variety of interfaces. The first study was a field study, where stereotypical usability assessments on a variety of products and services were performed. The second study was a well-controlled laboratory study where the level of success that users were able to achieve was controlled. For both studies, the relationship between SUS scores and their attendant performance were examined at both the individual level and the average system level. Although the correlations are far from perfect, there are reliable and reasonably strong positive correlations between subjective usability measures and task success rates, for both the laboratory and field studies at both the indiv...
An ultrastructural study of preovulatory apical development in mouse ovanan follicles: Effects of indomethacin

The effects of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, on the preovulatory morphology of apical follicle walls have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Immature mice, superovulated with 5 IU pregnant mare serum (PMS) followed 40 hours later by 80 IU luteinizing hormone (LH) were treated with either 10 mg/kg indomethacin or an equivalent volume of the indomethacin vehicle 10 minutes prior to LH. Follicular apices from both groups were compared at 12 hours post-LH. Indomethacin treatment suppressed many of the morphological changes normally occurring in the apex during preovulatory development. Whereas apices from vehicle-treated animals demonstrated marked deterioration, dissociation, and thinning of tissue, the cell layers of apices from indomethacin-treated animals remained thickened and tightly packed, with limited signs of disruption. The results presented herein are consistent with the idea that prostaglandins are essential mediators of ovulation and suggest that these lipids augment apical rupture by mobilizing granulosa cells and stimulating the loss of connective tissue elements.
The proteins of hepatitis B dane particle cores

Although several studies have been done to analyze the peptides of purified 22-nm HbsAg particles, no information has been published about the peptides of the core of the Dane particle which bears the other hepatitis B viral antigen. HbcAg. Dane particles and Dane particle cores (produced by NP-40 treatment of Dane particles) were purified by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. Two populations of Dane particles were observed at densities 1.27 and 1.24 g/ml, respectively. The higher buoyant density Dane particles yielded exclusively cores of buoyant density 1.38 g/ml in CsCl, and the lower buoyant density Dane particles yielded two kinds of cores with buoyant densities of 1.38 and 1.325 g/ml, respectively. Only the higher density Dane particles and cores manifested endogenously primed DNA polymerase activity. The peptides of density 1.38 g/ml Dane particle cores purified by equilibrium CsCl density gradient centrifugation and HBcAg particles from HBV infected chimpanzee liver purified in the same way were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both kinds of particles were found to consistently contain 3 Coomassie blue staining peptides with approximate molecular weights of 19,000, 70,000 and 80,000 daltons (designated P-19, P-70 and P-80 respectively). In addition, the HBcAg particles from infected liver regularly yielded a protein component with molecular weight greater than 200,000 daltons. This component was occasionally present in electrophoresis runs of core peptides from only one of two patients. Its irregular appearance after gel electrophoresis suggests it may have been an aggregate not completely dissociated under the conditions used. The lower density core component consistently contained P-19, P-70, and P-80, and infrequently additional minor peptides of uncertain origin. The irregular occurrence of the minor peptides in varying amounts suggests they were not intrinsic core proteins.
Parathyroid hormone fragment [3-34] stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity in rat osteosarcoma and murine T-lymphoma cells.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragment [1–34] strongly stimulated both adenylate cyclase and membrane-associated PKC activities in rat 17/2 osteosarcoma cells. By contrast, the PTH [3–34] fragment, which was unable to stimulate adenylate cyclase, remained a potent stimulator of membrane-associated PKC activity in these cells. Both PTH fragments also strongly stimulated membrane-PKC activity in cyc−S49T-lymphoma cells possessing a defective adenylate cyclase system. This ability of PTH [3–34] to stimulate membrane-associated PKC activity could explain the residual bioactivity of this fragment.
Eulogy Rhetoric as a Political Coping Mechanism: The Aftermath of Proposition 8

This essay draws upon previous research which suggests that devastating political loss may be as psychologically traumatic as experiencing sudden death. We explore how those who experience this kind of political defeat can make sense of it by employing the coping strategies found in eulogistic rhetoric to make sense of the loss and chart a way forward in the changed reality. Specifically we examine how LGBT print media provided a forum for critical dialogue that performed eulogistic functions following the passage of Proposition 8 in California, which outlawed same-sex marriage by amending the state's constitution to define marriage as a union between a man and a woman. We examine how this postelection print media coverage helped the engaged audience to make sense of the disappointment, exclusion and failure engendered by the election results.
The Report of the Attorney General's Committee on Antitrust Laws

I. Introduction, 193. — II. The committee's recommendations for legislative change, 195. — III. The committee's recommendations to the judiciary and antitrust law enforcement agencies, 202; Sherman Act, 202; mergers and dissolution, 206; antitrust policy on distribution, 208; patents, 211. — IV. Some significant omissions, 213; oligopoly, 213; exemptions from antitrust policy, 214; antitrust administration, 215. — V. Summary, 215.
Society of surgical oncology presidential address: the war on cancer--shifting from disappointment to new hope.

First of all, it has been a singular honor to be your President for the past year. It has been a wonderful journey with the SSO since I first began working on the Program Committee in 1993. I have learned from outstanding mentors during this time and have watched our Society grow not only in membership, but also redefining itself as we seek to broaden our outreach across all surgeons across the world. We keep getting better and I am confident that our organization will continue on the paths set by my predecessors. From a personal standpoint, I am grateful to all of the people who have helped me get here. The list is too large to show, and of course I would forget some, but I do want to thank a number of people who have guided me along the way. Dr. Warren Cole was my earliest mentor—meeting him in high school and benefiting from his wise counsel until his death in 1990 (Fig. 1). He was not only a consummate surgical oncologist who happened to retire to my hometown, but was a visionary, frank mentor. Early in my career, Dr. Hilliard Seigler helped nurture a lifelong love of the laboratory and was my first real-life demonstration of a surgical scientist. Probably Drs. Samuel Wells and Murray Brennan have had the greatest influence on my career (Fig. 2). There is simply no finer surgical scientist than Sam Wells and no finer teacher than Murray Brennan. From a research standpoint, two of our guest lecturers have had a profound impact on fostering the scientific portion of FIG. 1 Dr. Warren Cole
Proportional versus winner-take-all electoral vote allocations

This paper considers how the welfare of voters is affected under an Electoral College system when some state elects to award electoral votes in proportion to the number of votes received by each candidate rather than awarding all electoral votes to the winner of the state. I show that a majority of voters in that state is made worse off as a result of the change. I also give conditions under which voters in other states are made better or worse off as a result of the change.
Sanpodo: a context-dependent activator and inhibitor of Notch signaling during asymmetric divisions

Asymmetric cell divisions generate sibling cells of distinct fates (‘A’, ‘B’) and constitute a fundamental mechanism that creates cell-type diversity in multicellular organisms. Antagonistic interactions between the Notch pathway and the intrinsic cell-fate determinant Numb appear to regulate asymmetric divisions in flies and vertebrates. During these divisions, productive Notch signaling requires sanpodo, which encodes a novel transmembrane protein. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila sanpodo plays a dual role to regulate Notch signaling during asymmetric divisions — amplifying Notch signaling in the absence of Numb in the ‘A’ daughter cell and inhibiting Notch signaling in the presence of Numb in the ‘B’ daughter cell. In so doing, sanpodo ensures the asymmetry in Notch signaling levels necessary for the acquisition of distinct fates by the two daughter cells. These findings answer long-standing questions about the restricted ability of Numb and Sanpodo to inhibit and to promote, respectively, Notch signaling during asymmetric divisions.
The impact of import-related displacement on local business activity

Abstract This paper investigates how layoffs due to import competition affect new and existing businesses at a highly local level. To conduct our analysis, we construct measures of import-related layoffs at the ZIP code level and combine these with ZIP code-level establishment counts. We find that import-related layoffs in manufacturing have large negative effects on the survival rate of existing establishments and the entry rate of new establishments in manufacturing, non-manufacturing, and even non-offshoreable sectors. These negative effects are larger in the longer-term than in the near-term. Additionally, these negative impacts spillover into nearby ZIP codes but that the effects diminish over space. Finally, we find evidence that agglomeration economies associated with more densely populated areas appear to mitigate the negative impacts.
Ultrastructural localization of the core protein of a basement membrane-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in adult rat skin.

Basement membranes are complex extracellular matrices present at epithelial/mesenchymal interfaces of tissues. The dermal-epidermal junction has been shown to contain numerous components, some of the most well known being laminin, types IV and VII collagens, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, fibronectin, and entactin/nidogen. In this paper we show, using core protein-specific antibodies, the presence of a newly described basement membrane-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan at the epithelial/ mesenchymal interface of adult rat skin. Ultrastructurally, this antigen was proven to reside primarily within the basal lamina, apparently concentrated in the lamina densa. In addition, some of the proteoglycan was also present beneath the lamina densa, associated with the reticular lamina collagen fibrils.
Neutron activation study of small particle ablation

Abstract This work illustrates the feasibility of determining ablation characteristics of small particles by simulating reentry conditions using a light-gas gun facility. Quantitative data are obtained through neutron activation analysis. It is possible that a study of small particles of one type of material can permit one to predict with some assurance the ablation characteristics of a different material by correlation with Weber's Number. The ablation of gold particles sometimes is found to include major breakup of the initial gold microspheres. This is postulated to be due in part to the formation of a gold oxide film on the molten surface of the particle.
Beyond mean field and plane wave theories of bistable semiconductor lasers

The steady-state output of semiconductor lasers containing saturable absorbers is calculated using a model that includes transverse mode variation, high gain and absorption coefficient, and high mirror transmission. The results are compared to the predictions of the mean field theory, and they show that the mean field formulas underestimate the amount of hysteresis and overestimate the required amount of absorption compared to the high gain formulas.
Cryotherapy to Treat Persistent Muscle Weakness After Joint Injury

Cryotherapy is a widely used modality following acute joint injury. It is considered helpful in reducing pain and swelling, and there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that it may have additional benefits in muscle function. Following joint injury, it is common for patients to experience persistent muscle weakness that is resistant to traditional strengthening exercises. This may be due to a reflex inhibition of musculature surrounding the injured joint. The underlying cause of this reflex inhibition may arise from aberrant sensory information from the joints' neural receptors, which result in a neural inhibition of motor neurons. This inhibition is beyond conscious control, is ongoing, and impedes normal joint function via a disruption of normal muscle function. Cryotherapy treatments targeted at peripheral joints have been shown to result in transient resolution of reflex inhibition, which thereby provide an environment where injured patients can benefit from a more thorough motorneuron pool during controlled rehabilitation exercises. This article presents current evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of joint cryotherapy for maximizing the effectiveness of commonly used rehabilitation exercises in patients recovering from joint injury.
The McNair Program as a Socializing Influence on Doctoral Degree Attainment

The quality of doctoral students’ academic and social experiences is a key element of their success in graduate school programs. These experiences support the completion of doctoral programs, especially for first-generation college students from low-income backgrounds. Framed by Weidman's (1989) undergraduate socialization model, the author interviewed 18 former participants in Ronald McNair Programs (McNair Program),who completed their doctoral studies in order to determine how such programs can serve as a socializing agent to facilitate the successful completion of graduate study. Several themes emerge from the interviews conducted that distinguish McNair Programs from other interventions to promote integration or preparation, including the presence of academic and social integration. Such integration had a positive influence on the participants’ doctoral experience and contributed to the development of their competence, self-confidence, social and academic connectedness, and academic identity. Particip...
Language Acquisition With Limited Input: Romanian Institution and Foster Care

Purpose To provide the first detailed information about native language abilities of children who are or had been institutionalized. Method The language of ten 30-month-old children raised in Roman...
Phencyclidine (PCP) receptors: autoradiographic localization in brain with the selective ligand, [3H]TCP

Abstract Receptor binding sites for the phencyclidine (PCP) analogue, [ 3 H]TCP, have been localized in the rat and guinea pig central nervous systems by in vitro autoradiography. Quantitation of [ 3 H]TCP binding site densities in rat brain reveals highest levels in the forebrain, in particular the strata oriens and radiatum of the hippocampus, the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and superficial layers of the cerebral cortex. Moderate levels of binding occur in the amygdala, thalamus, anterior olfactory nucleus external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, geniculate nuclei and deep layers of the cortex. Low levels of binding occur throughout most of the septum, diagonal band, hypothalamus, pons-medulla and cerebellum. Spinal cord grey matter also has low levels binding. Excitotoxin lesions of the hippocampal formation, which destroy the pyramidal and granule cells, reduce the binding of [ 3 H]TCP to strata radiatum and oriens and the molecular layer of the dentage gyrus by 60% suggesting that [ 3 H]TCP labels intrinsic neurons in these regions. Residual binding is probably on afferent terminals. Ibotenic acid lesions of the caudate-putamen reduce [ 3 H]TCP binding by 70%, indicating that binding sites are localized on intrinsic striatal neurons. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions do not alter [ 3 H]TCP binding levels the caudate, suggesting the absence of binding sites on dopaminergic terminals in the caudate.
BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR (BAR) BINDING CHARACTERISTICS AND ADENYLATE CYCLASE (AC) ACTIVITY IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY (PA) AND THORACIC AORTA (AO)

In vascular smooth muscle, stimulation of BAR activates AC, leading to increased cAMP production and smooth muscle relaxation. The mechanisms involved in BAR stimulation and AC activation may differ in the pulmonary vs. systemic circulation. We examined BAR binding characteristics and AC activity in the PA and AO of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In each experiment, membrane preparations were made from tissue pooled from 5 rats. BAR number at saturation (Bmax) and the dissociation constant (Kd) were determined in Scatchard analyses with (125I) iodocyanopindolol, 10 to 100 pM. Alprenolol, 10−5M, was used to assess nonspecific binding. Basal AC activity and that stimulated by isoproterenol (Iso, 10−5M) were measured by radioimmunoassay for cAMP. Six experiments were performed. We found that BAR Bmax was greater in PA than in AO (403±70 vs 235±18 pmoles/mg protein, M±SEM, p<0.05), and that BAR Kd was lower (i.e., affinity was higher) in PA compared to AO (38±5 vs 61±9 pH, p<0.05). Basal AC activity was similar in PA and AO (1.5±0.4 vs 1.2±0.2 pmoles cAMP/mg protein/min), as was Iso-stimulated activity (3.1±1.8 vs 2.2±0.8). We conclude that BAR density and affinity are greater in PA than in AO in the adult male rat. Findings of similar basal and beta-stimulated AC activity may indicate that the coupling of BAR to AC differs in the two vascular beds. Further characterization of BAR binding and coupling to AC in PA smooth muscle will enhance our understanding of the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone.
The chemistry of rhenium and technetium as related to the use of isotopes of these elements in therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine.

Abstract The β emitting isotopes 186Re and 188Re are logical choices on which to base therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals that might be expected to be analogous to diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals based on 99mTc. However, the chemistry of rhenium is sufficiently different from that of technetium so that the development of Re radiopharmaceuticals often cannot be predicated on the known chemistry and biological behavior of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. The relevant chemical differences involve the greater stability of the higher oxidation states of Re (and thus the greater tendency of reduced Re radiopharmaceuticals to undergo re-oxidation to perrhenate), and the greater substitution inertness of reduced Re complexes. These differences are illustrated (1) in the preparation and use of 186Re (Sn)-HEDP and 99mTc(Sn)-HEDP diphosphonate radiopharmaceuticals designed, respectively, for palliative therapy and diagnosis of metastatic cancer to bone, and (2) in the preparation and biodistribution of tr-[186Re(DMPE)2Cl2]+ and [186Re(DMPE)3]+, analogs to the potential myocardial perfusion imaging agents tr-[99mTc(DMPE)2Cl2]+ and [99mTc(DMPE)3]+. [HEDP = (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate; DMPE = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane].
The role of self-care on compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary trauma among child welfare workers

Abstract Child welfare workers are routinely exposed to multiple traumatic events when working with children and families, and are at an increased risk of experiencing burnout and secondary trauma. Self-care is often recommended as a restorative or protective activity against the negative effects of working with traumatized individuals, although few studies have examined the benefit of self-care empirically. Trauma-informed self-care (TISC) includes being aware of one's own emotional experience in response to exposure to traumatized clients and planning/engaging in positive coping strategies, such as seeking supervision, attending trainings on secondary trauma, working within a team, balancing caseloads, and work–life balance. Compared with generic personal care activities, TISC is likely to be especially relevant for child welfare workers. This study examined the role of TISC on compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary trauma which was assessed by administering surveys to a sample of 104 child welfare case managers and supervisors. Almost one third of the sample reported high levels of burnout (29.8%) and secondary trauma (28.8%), and low levels of compassion satisfaction (31.7%). Results suggested that workers who engaged in higher levels of TISC experienced higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower levels of burnout, although there was no relationship with secondary trauma. Findings provide preliminary evidence that TISC may be a beneficial practice to reduce risk of burnout and preserve workers' positive experience of their job, however workers experiencing secondary trauma are likely to need additional specialized intervention to assist them with their recovery.
Drainage generation and water use in the Everglades Agricultural area basin

ABSTRACT: The Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) covers 2,850 km2 in area and is characterized by high water table and organic soil. The area is actively irrigated and drained as a function of weather conditions and crop status. Anthropogenic activities in the basin have resulted in nutrient-enriched drainage water that is discharged to Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades ecosystem. Water quantity and quality issues of the basin have become of increasing interest at local, state, and federal levels, so legislative and regulatory measures have been taken to improve water quality in discharges from the basin. In this study, simulation of hydrologic conditions and soil moisture were conducted using 100 years of daily synthetic rainfall data. From the simulations, the statistical distribution of half-month drainage discharge and supplemental water use in the basin was developed. The mean annual drainage/runoff was 49 cm, the mean supplemental water was 30 cm, and the mean annual a real rainfall was 122 cm. On the average, drainage exceeded supplemental water use in the months of June to September while from December to March drainage and supplemental water use were equivalent. Supplemental water use exceeded drainage in the months of October, November, April, and May. High drainage occurred in June and September; smallest drainage was in February. On the average, the highest supplemental water use occurred in May and November. The 10-year return period of annual drainage during wet and dry cycles were 60 cm and 38 cm per year, respectively. The semi-monthly drainage coefficient of variation (cv) is above 100 percent for the period from the second half of October to end of April. The cv is lower than 100 percent for the remaining season (wet season). The purpose of this paper is to present the magnitude, temporal, and frequency distribution of drainage runoff generation and supplemental water use in the EAA basin. Information on statistics of drainage will contribute to the optimization of the design and operation of drainage water treatment systems.
Fixed subaortic stenosis

Abstract Fixed subaortic stenosis is a relatively uncommon form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, occurring as a discrete ring, a long segment fibromuscular tunnel, or an obstruction from malalignment of the interventricular septum. Echocardiography is extremely useful in demonstrating the anatomy and severity of the obstruction. The etiology of subaortic stenosis is not well understood; theories include polygenic inheritance, fetal hemodynamic influences, and the effects of cardiovascular surgical interventions. The condition is usually progressive and can be complicated by the development of infective endocarditis and aortic valve insufficiency. Management remains controversial, but surgical resection or balloon dilatation are the current options.
Violence during pregnancy.

It is estimated that one in four women will be physically abused during her lifetime. 3,26,28 Such abuse takes many forms and ranges from minor injuries to major trauma. Unfortunately, the effect of such violence on pregnant women is compounded because there are two victims: the mother and the fetus. Abused women may be unwilling or unable to report their injuries for many reasons. Emergency physicians are in a unique position to help, being often the first and sometimes the only caregivers whom abused women encounter during their pregnancies. Additionally, pregnancy is a time when women's concerns about their own health is heightened owing to their concern for their baby's health. The prenatal period may be a time when abused women will make a change in their domestic environment for the safety of their children which they would not have made for themselves. The prenatal period thereby provides a window of opportunity to begin interventions leading to successful outcomes for at-risk women. This article discusses intimate partner abuse during pregnancy. The population at risk is defined, including risk behaviors, possible identifying factors during presentation to the emergency department (ED) and available outcome data on violence to the fetus and the pregnant mother. Finally, interventions are presented, emphasizing the emergency physician's role in coordinating referrals to social service agencies and helping victims develop safety plans. Intimate partner abuse is one form of family violence and involves assaultive and controlling behaviors imposed on one partner by another. It can encompass or be a combination of physical violence, emotional abuse, and social or economic isolation. Abuse during pregnancy is reflective of intimate partner abuse in general but can also focus on issues surrounding the pregnancy itself. The ED and its emergency physicians are in a unique position to intervene in such abusive situations; historically, however, there has been limited involvement on the part of emergency healthcare providers. The abused pregnant woman presents a complicated and potentially time-intensive case, but the ED may be her only entrance point into a safe support system. Emergency physicians must develop the ability to identify pregnant victims of domestic violence and effectively access available social services and support networks in their communities.
Methionine metabolism in mammals.

Article de synthese sur le metabolisme de la methionine, acide amine essentiel, chez les mammiferes. Etude du schema metabolique, de la regulation du metabolisme (mise en evidence et importance relative de chaque facteur). Etude de la transamination de la methionine, du role de la S-adenosyl-methionine, de l'oxydation de l'homocysteine et de la cystathionine. Etude du disfonctionnement du metabolisme et des consequences chez les hommes
Responses of left and right ventricular ejection fractions to aerobic and anaerobic phases of upright and supine exercise in normal subjects.

The effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on ventricular performance were studied in 13 normal subjects who underwent simultaneous pulmonary gas exchange evaluation and exercise radionuclide ventriculography in the supine and upright postures. Right and left ventricular ejection fraction was measured serially at 2-minute intervals during exercise. The anaerobic threshold occurred at 74% and 80% of maximum heart rate, respectively, during upright and supine exercise. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions rose from rest to the anaerobic threshold (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively) and there was a further increase between the anaerobic threshold and maximum exercise (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The rate of rise of ejection fraction beyond the anaerobic threshold was slightly blunted compared with the rise prior to attaining the anaerobic threshold. There was no significant difference in ventricular performance between supine and upright exercise. The data demonstrate that ventricular performance increases steadily during exercise and is not limited by the conversion of aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
The Exchange Factor Method: An Alternative Basis for Zonal Analysis of Radiating Enclosures

In zonal analysis of an enclosure containing a radiatively participating medium, the volume and bounding surface are divided into volume and area elements which are assumed to be isothermal. For a system of M elements consisting of N surfaces and GAMMA volume elements (M = N+GAMMA), M/sup 2/ relationships (direct- or total-exchange areas of conventional zonal analysis) define all possible radiant interchange between element pairs. Due to reciprocity there are at most M(M+1)/2 unique direct-exchange areas. The use of symmetry may greatly reduce the number of unique exchange areas. In the alternative form presented, exchange factors are defined such that a gray medium's gas-to-gas exchange factors describe only the redistribution of radiative source terms. Only surface-to-surface and surface-to-gas (gas-to-surface) relationships are required to wholly define the system in radiative equilibrium. That is, a system in radiative equilibrium may be characterized by as many as GAMMA(GAMMA+1)/2 fewer factors. These same exchange factors may be augmented by gas-to-gas exchange factors to analyze media not in radiative equilibrium. In an isotropically scattering, gray medium, exchange factors are functions of system geometry and total extinction only. The degree of extinction due to scattering does not affect exchange factor. Transformations between direct-exchange areas and exchangemore » factors are developed.« less
Manipulation of liquid droplets using amphiphilic, magnetic one-dimensional photonic crystal chaperones

The controlled manipulation of small volumes of liquids is a challenging problem in microfluidics1,2,3,4, and it is a key requirement for many high-throughput analyses and microassays5,6. One-dimensional photonic crystals made from porous silicon have been constructed with amphiphilic properties7. When prepared in the form of micrometre-sized particles and placed in a two-phase liquid such as dichloromethane/water, these materials will accumulate and spontaneously align at the interface. Here we show that superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 can be incorporated into the porous nanostructure, allowing the materials to chaperone microlitre-scale liquid droplets when an external magnetic field is applied. The optical reflectivity spectrum of the photonic crystal displays a peak that serves to identify the droplet. Two simple microfluidics applications are demonstrated: filling and draining a chaperoned droplet, and combining two different droplets to perform a chemical reaction. The method provides a general means for manipulating and monitoring small volumes of liquids without the use of pumps, valves or a microfluidic container.