cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of Pellets for Magnesium Production by Carbothermal Reduction

For carbothermal reduction (CTR) to be an economic and clean process for magnesium metal production, operational challenges must be overcome. Strong and reactive precursor pellets are necessary to effectively and selectively produce Mg(g) from any feedstock. In this study, the effects of ore (magnesia and dolime), carbon (petroleum coke, charcoal, algal char, and carbon black), and binder (organic and inorganic) on pellet strength and reactivity, product yield and purity, and reduction selectivity were analyzed. Theoretically and experimentally, the CTR of dolime (MgO·CaO) favored MgO reduction over CaO reduction; however, with enough carbon and heat, both oxides could be reduced. CaO carbothermal reduction produced CaC2 and Ca(g). The selectivity to CaC2 remained constant (7 ± 4 pct) for all C/MgO·CaO ratios analyzed, while the selectivity to Ca(g) increased (5 pct → 40 pct) when C/MgO·CaO was increased from 0.5 to 2.0. As the overall metal yield decreased (77.6 pct → 59.7 pct) with increasing CaO reduction (38.2 pct → 78.1 pct), Ca(g) reverted faster than Mg(g). Heavy metal impurities primarily remained in the residue ( 78 pct volatilized). Organic binders added reducing power to the pellets but produced frail pellets (radial crush strength = 9.1 ± 0.7 N) after pyrolysis, relative to pellets with inorganic binders (15.1 ± 3.2 N). Kinetic parameters were determined for extruded pellets to predict the reaction rate as a continuous function of pressure and temperature.
Fuzzy Dynamical Systems and the Nature of Their Solutions

The main thrust of this paper is to examine solutions to differential equations with fuzzy coefficients. Almost all problems in physics, engineering, biology, economics and other sciences to which mathematical methods are applicable are basically nondeterministic rather than deterministic. From the standpoint of applications, the modelling of such nondeterministic systems has been implemented via stochastic structures rather than fuzzy. It is thus the objective of this paper to give a careful presentation of the fuzzy approach to the solution of imprecise differential equations, by using the theory of fuzzy statistics, and to explore its applications to problems in science and engineering.
Boredom and Attention in a Cell in the Locust Visual System

In the past 5 years or so, several workers on crustaceans, molluscs and insects have turned their attention to the lability of the behaviour of individually identified interneurones. I first became involved in this approach around 1966, having become dissatisfied with the sort of results that can be obtained from an analysis of larger subsets of the nervous system. Since then I have worked on a variety of interneurones in the auditory and visual systems of locusts and other Orthoptera, along with several colleagues, especially G. Horn, J. Mackay, and M. O’Shea. I should like to acknowledge my intellectual debt, in the early days, to the work of Horridge and co-workers (Horridge et al. 1965), who first showed the rich variety of units which could be characterized by microelectrode recording from the insect brain, and who were not afraid to say that the properties of some units seemed to be labile and affected by antecedent events.
Tumor and Transplant Immunology

The realm of immunology encompasses basic science and clinical applied medicine. It continues to evolve from its initial studies of innate immunity and resulting physiologic response. Its entirety includes the primary therapy of cancers and the modulation of the immune system in cancer therapy as well as the suppression during transplantation to prevent recognition of non-self.
Banach Envelopes of the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces and Applications to PDE’s

If the “hat” denotes the Banach envelope, we show that for \(s \in \mathbb{R},\)then For 0<p, q<1, one has $$\widehat{B_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = \widehat{F_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = B_1^{s - n(\frac{1} {p} - 1),1} (\mathbb{R}^n ),$$ (i) for 0<p<1,1≤q< ⋡ $$\widehat{B_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = B_1^{s - n(\frac{1} {p} - 1),q} (\mathbb{R}^n )\;,\;\widehat{F_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = B_1^{s - n(\frac{1} {p} - 1),1} (\mathbb{R}^n ),$$ (ii) and for 11≤p< ⋡,0<q<1 $$\widehat{B_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = B_p^{s,1} (\mathbb{R}^n )\;,\;\widehat{F_p^{s,q} (\mathbb{R}^n )} = F_p^{s,1} (\mathbb{R}^n )$$ (iii) We present applications of these results to global regularity of PDE’s in non-smooth domains, emphasizing the three-dimensional Lame system of elastostatics (Theorem 10).
Appropriate timing of nitroglycerin prior to intravascular ultrasound.

Objectives To determine the time to maximal coronary dilation following intracoronary (IC) nitroglycerin (NTG) and whether the decrease in aortic pressure (AoP) is a surrogate marker for coronary vasodilatation. Background Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) facilitates assessment of coronary plaque severity and morphology and aids in stent sizing. NTG is often administered prior to IVUS to prevent catheter-induced spasm and to facilitate standardized and accurate vessel size measurements. The impact of dose, timing, and route of delivering NTG on vessel size remains undefined. Methods Twelve patients undergoing IVUS-guided stent placement were studied. An IVUS catheter was positioned proximal to the target lesion and the following measurements made at baseline and 30 second (sec) intervals for 180 sec following 200 mcg IC NTG: AoP, IVUS-derived lumen diameter (Ld), lumen cross-sectional area (La), external elastic membrane diameter (EEMd) and EEM area (EEMa). Lumen and EEM measurements were compared at different time intervals and the relationship between time to max Ld and nadir AoP was analyzed. Results All patients had a vasodilatory response to IC NTG. Increase from baseline to max Ld following IC NTG was statistically significant (mean change 0.31 ± 0.18 mm, P=.0001). Mean time to max Ld following IC NTG was 117 sec (range, 60-180 sec). No correlation between time to max Ld and AoP nadir was observed (r = 0.19). Conclusions Our study suggests that administration of 200 mcg IC NTG results in a significant change in lumen diameter and area with maximal vasodilation occurring on average approximately 2 minutes following IC NTG administration. There was no significant correlation between AoP change and maximal NTG-induced coronary vasodilation.
Towards the implementation of the Green Building concept in agricultural buildings: a literature review

The “Green Building” is an interdisciplinary theme, where the green building concept includes a multitude of elements, components and procedures which diverge to several subtopics that intertwined to form the green building concept. Generally, the green building is considered to be an environmental component, as the green building materials are manufactured from local eco-sources, i.e. environmentally friendly materials, which are then used to make an eco-construction subject to an eco-design that provides a healthy habitat built on the cultural and architectural heritage in construction while ensuring conservation of natural resources. This ensures disassembling the building components and materials, after a determined building lifetime, to environmentally friendly materials that can be either re-used or recycled. During their lifecycle, the green buildings minimize the use of resources (energy and water); reduce the harmful impact on the ecology, and provide better indoor environment. Green buildings afford a high level of environmental, economic, and engineering performance. These include energy efficiency and conservation, improved indoor air quality, resource and material efficiency, and occupant's health and productivity. This study focuses on defining green buildings and elaborating their interaction with the environment, energy, and indoor air quality and ventilation. Furthermore, the present study investigates the green building materials (e.g. biocement, eco-cement and green concrete), green designs, green roofs, and green technologies. Additionally, the present study highlights the green buildings rating systems, the economics of green buildings, and the challenges that face the implementation. Eventually, the interdependency between the green buildings and agriculture has been discussed. Keywords: green building , agricultural buildings , biocement, eco-cement, green concrete, green roofs, low-energy building, zero-carbon building , eco-construction
Picturing Maternal Anxiety in the Miracle of the Jew of Bourges

Late medieval English books of hours and illustrated miracle texts hold the most complex examples of the Miracle of the Jew of Bourges, whereby the Virgin saves a young Jewish boy after his father throws him into a fiery oven upon learning he attended a Christian mass. Few images of this miracle include the boy’s mother, and in each the violence of the tale is illustrated through her anxious reaction to it. Investigating the visual power of the boy’s mother provides an opportunity to question the visualization of the non-biblical Jewish woman in medieval art. Artists engineered this mother to complicate existing vocabularies of anti-Semitism by creating a complementary character, whose accessibility to Christian audiences further defined the male Jew as an immutable monster.
The administration of beta carotene to prevent and regress oral carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch and the associated enhancement of the immune response

In the past four years this laboratory has utilized the hamster cheek pouch tumor model to investigate the anticancer activities of antioxidants, such as beta carotene. These molecules, which have exhibited no evidence of toxicity, have been administered systemically (oral ingestion), and locally to the tumor site in the hamster cheek pouch. The results have been either the inhibition of tumor growth, or the regression of tumor. Adjacent to the degenerating tumors a dense inflammatory infiltrate was observed. Specifically, the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and beta, have been immunohistochemically localized to the site of regressed oral carcinoma. Recently, liposomes composed of phosphaditylcholine, phosphaditylserine, and phosphodityelanolamine were combined with beta carotene and injected locally to oral squamous cell carcinoma of the hamster. The results indicated that tumor cells accumulated the liposomes and were lysed while normal mucosal cells did not demonstrate this effect. Therefore antioxidants such as beta carotene can be localized to a tumor site, without a toxic response. Future studies on the anticancer activity of the antioxidants need to focus on the cellular and molecular changes produced in the immune effectors and in the mucosal cells following administration of the antioxidants.
Pathologic T Descriptor of Nonmucinous Lung Adenocarcinomas Now Based on Invasive Tumor Size: How Should Pathologists Measure Invasion?

Objectives The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual now stratifies nonmucinous lung adenocarcinomas (nmLACAs) by the size of the invasive component only. This is determined by direct gross or microscopic measurement; however, a calculated invasive size based on the percentage of invasive growth patterns has been proposed as an alternative option. Methods To compare radiologic with different pathologic assessments of invasive tumor size, we retrospectively reviewed a cohort of resected nmLACAs with a part-solid appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan (n = 112). Results The median direct microscopic pathologic invasive measurements were not significantly different from the median calculated pathologic invasive measurements; however, the median CT invasive measurements were 0.26 cm larger than the median direct pathologic measurements (P < .001). Conclusions Our results show that pathologic calculated invasive tumor measurements are comparable to direct microscopic measurements of invasive tumor, thereby supporting the recommendation for use of calculated invasive tumor size by the pathologist if necessary.
Fungal infection has sublethal effects in a lowland subtropical amphibian population.

The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated as a primary cause of decline in many species around the globe. However, there are some species and populations that are known to become infected in the wild, yet declines have not been observed. Here we conducted a yearlong capture-mark-recapture study and a 2-year long disease monitoring study of northern cricket frogs, Acris crepitans, in the lowland subtropical forests of Louisiana. We found little evidence for an impact of Bd infection on survival; however, Bd infection did appear to cause sublethal effects, including increased capture probability in the field. Our study suggests that even in apparently stable populations, where Bd does not appear to cause mortality, there may be sublethal effects of infection that can impact a host population’s dynamics and structure. Understanding and documenting such sublethal effects of infection on wild, seemingly stable populations is important, particularly for predicting future population declines.
The Effects of Transparency on OTC Market-Making

We examine the effects of post-trade transparency on intermediation in the over-the-counter corporate bond market using the staggered introduction of TRACE as a natural experiment. Post-trade transparency leads to increased trading volume and more connected dealer networks. Transparency reduces dealers' profitability but also their portfolio risk and adverse selection costs. In contrast to prior research suggesting that TRACE benefits customers at the expense of dealers, we show that the net effect on dealer welfare is ambiguous. Bond spreads are less predictive of default in a transparent market, consistent with reduced profitability of informed trade weakening incentives to produce information.
Storied lessons: Learning from anger in childhood by narrating:

We evaluated whether narrating anger-provoking events promoted learning from those events, as compared with other responses to anger, and whether the effectiveness of narrative depended on age. In ...
The Conundrum of US-China Trade Relations Through Game Theory Modelling

The United States and China are the two largest economies in the world. However, multi-dimensional disputes put the U.S. and China onto the brink of trade war. To solve this difficult conundrum, each side seeks to profoundly change the adversary’s strategic calculus at little cost and with little risk. The Trump Administration has revived protectionism to U.S. trade policy placing great uncertainty on US-China trade relations. This paper uses game theory to model and illustrate the possible actions and outcomes in the trade conduct between the U.S. and China for the implementation of border tariffs and sector targeted protectionism.
Timing of Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

INTRODUCTION Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to stratify severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) after ultrasound diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if timing of MRI influenced prediction of severity of outcome in CDH. METHODS A single institution retrospective review of all CDH referred to our institution from February 2004 to May 2017 was performed. Patients were included if they underwent at least 2 fetal MRIs prior to delivery. Prenatal MRI indices including observed-to-expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV) were evaluated. Indices were categorized by trimester, either 2nd (20-27 weeks gestation) or 3rd trimester (>28 weeks gestation) and further analyzed for outcome predictability. Primary outcomes were survival, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and pulmonary hypertension (PAH). Student t test and logistic and linear regression were used for data analyses. RESULTS Of 256 fetuses evaluated for CDH, 197 were further characterized by MRI with 57 having both an MRI in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. There was an average of 9.95 weeks (±4.3) between the 1st and 2nd MRI. Second trimester o/e TFLV was the only independent predictor of survival by logistic regression (OR 0.890, p < 0.01). Third trimester MRI derived lung volumes were associated with, and independent predictors of, severity of PAH and need for ECMO. Interval TFLV growth was a strong predictor of PAH postnatally (OR 0.361, p < 0.01). Overall cohort survival was 79%. CONCLUSION Accuracy of MRI lung volumes to predict outcomes is dependent on the -gestational age at the time of exam. While MRI lung volumes at either the 2nd or 3rd trimester are predictive of morbidity, 2nd trimester lung volumes strongly correlated with mortality.
CT diagnosis of skull epidermoid cyst

Objective: To investigate the CT characteristics of skull epidermoid cyst(SEC) and improve the recognition of the disease. Methods: Seven patients of SEC proved by operation and biopsy were collected in the study. There were 2 cases in frontal bone, 3 in parietal bone and 2 in occipital bone. All patients had undergone CT plain scanning, the CT appearances were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Five cases grew extra-cranial with bone expansion. The maximum foci was 66mm×53mm. Three cases exhibited mixed density with patchy fat density in 2 cases, cystic homogenous density in 2 cases, the foci involved three-layers of the skull, 2 cases manifested crater-form deossification with sclerotic border. The other 2 cases localized in diploe with cystic expansive growth and sharp margin, the exterior and interior plate of the skull were compressed and thinned. Conclusion: Cystic expansive growth and crater-form deossification have important value in diagnosis of SEC, but it still needs histologic examination in difficult cases.
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) deficiency; clinical, coagulation, therapeutic and hereditary aspects of a new hemophilia-like disease.

1. An analysis of the original PTA deficient family, including coagulation studies performed upon 13 members comprising 4 generations, has been presented. 2. PTA deficiency is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with a probable high degree of penetrance and variable expression of the gene. 3. PTA deficiency can occur its varying degrees ranging from a severe form with prolonged clotting time and markedly abnormal heparin clotting time and prothrombin utilization to a mild form manifesting a normal clotting time and slightly impaired prothrombin utiliztition. 4. Studies on the treatment of PTA deficiency reveal that the defect is corrected by the administration of stored plasma with the effect gradually disappearing over the period of one week. 5. Various properties of PTA are discussed and compared with AHG and PTC.
Dynamic changes in numerical acuity in 4-month-old infants.

Preverbal infants represent the approximate numerosity of visual and auditory arrays: By 6 months old, they reliably discriminate eight dots or tones from 16 (a 1:2 ratio), but not eight from 12 (a 2:3 ratio). The precision of this approximate number sense improves gradually over childhood and into adulthood. However, less is known about numerical abilities in younger infants, and in particular, whether there is developmental change in the number sense in the first half year of life. Here, in four experiments, we measured numerical precision in 4-month-old infants (N = 128) using a visual habituation task comparable to that in studies of older infants. We found that 4-month-olds exhibited poorer numerical discrimination than the 6-month-olds tested in previous studies, dishabituating to a 1:4 change in numerical ratio, but not a 1:3 change. Like older infants, 4-month-olds' numerical precision improved when they were provided with redundant visual and auditory input; when both visual and auditory information were present, 4-month-olds discriminated a 1:3 but not a 1:2 ratio. These results suggest that Approximate Number System precision develops in early infancy and may be sensitive to intersensory redundancy as early as four months of age.
Advance care planning among African American patients on haemodialysis and their end‐of‐life care preferences

BACKGROUND African Americans in the general population have been shown to be less likely than White ethnic groups to participate in advance care planning; however, advance care planning in the population receiving dialysis has not been well explored. OBJECTIVE We examined the prevalence of African American patients receiving haemodialysis' advance care planning discussions, and whether advance care planning impacts end-of-life care preferences. DESIGN In-person interviewer-administered surveys of African American patients receiving in-centre haemodialysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS About 101 participants at three large dialysis organisation units in Chicago. OUTCOMES Self-reported advance care planning and preferences for life-extending treatments at end-of-life. RESULTS Most patients (69%) report no advance care planning discussions with their healthcare providers. Nearly all patients (92%) without prior advance care planning reported their healthcare providers approached them about advance care planning. While the majority of patients indicated preference for aggressive life-extending care, prior conversations about end-of-life care wishes either with family members or a healthcare provider significantly decreased patients' likelihood of choosing aggressive life-extending care across three scenarios (all p < 0.05). Significantly more patients reported that common end-of-life scenarios related to increased dependence/disability were "not worth living through" compared with those associated with increased burden on family, decreased cognitive function, and severe pain/discomfort. CONCLUSION African Americans with end-stage renal disease need more frequent, culturally-sensitive advance care planning discussions. Despite a preference for aggressive life-sustaining treatments, individuals with prior advance care planning discussions were significantly less likely to support aggressive end-of-life care. End-of-life care discussions that focus on the impact of life-extending care on patients' independence could be more concordant with the values and priorities of the African American patients.
Assessing Patient Symptoms Due to Nasal Septal Perforation: Development and Validation of the NOSE-Perf Scale.

ObjectiveReporting patient symptoms due to nasal septal perforation (NSP) has been hindered by the lack of a validated disease-specific symptom score. The purpose of this study was to develop and v...
Variable effects of mycorrhizal fungi on predator-prey dynamics under field conditions.

Interactions between herbivores and their predators are shaped, in part, by plant phenotype. Consequently, ubiquitous symbionts of plants below-ground, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may influence interactions above-ground between predators and their prey by altering plant phenotype. However, the ecological relevance of below-ground organisms on predator-prey interactions under field conditions remains unclear. We assessed how AMF influence herbivore-predator interactions through a field experiment. We planted two milkweed species (Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias incarnata) provided with different amounts of AMF inoculum (zero, medium, and high) in a randomized block design. We added aphids to plants and reduced predator pressure weekly for 5 weeks to evaluate effects of AMF on predator recruitment. We then allowed herbivore-predator interactions to re-establish naturally for the remainder of the season to examine whether AMF-mediated variation in predator recruitment influenced the suppression of aphid populations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi availability in soils mediated interactions between predaceous aphid midge flies Aphidoletes aphidimyza and their aphid prey Aphis nerii, but the effects were plant species-specific. On A. curassavica, by mid-season, midges were recruited most strongly on plants under medium AMF availability and least on plants under high AMF availability. In contrast, each midge killed fewer aphids with increasing aphid density on medium AMF plants, but killed more aphids with increasing aphid density on high AMF plants. In combination, aphid mortality rates imposed by midges were greatest on medium AMF plants, followed by high and zero AMF plants. By comparison, on A. incarnata, the recruitment of midges was strongest on high AMF plants and weakest on medium AMF plants. AMF had no effect on the number of aphids killed per midge, relative to aphid density, so mortality rates of aphids imposed by midges mirrored recruitment. Rates of decline in aphid populations following predator recolonization were associated with midge densities, as well as lacewing and syrphid densities, which were unaffected by AMF availability. Therefore, the effects of AMF on aphid population decline were not a simple function of AMF-midge interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the availability of AMF in soils has pervasive, but complex, effects on predator-herbivore dynamics in the field.
Tracking the geographic distribution and growth of clinicians with a DEA waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder.

Purpose Buprenorphine is an effective medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) but access is difficult for patients, especially in rural locations. To improve access, legislation, including the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (2016) and the Substance Use Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities (SUPPORT) Act (2018), extended the ability to get a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) to numerous types of clinicians. This study updates the distribution of waivered clinicians as of July 2020 and notes regional and geographic differences. Methods Using the July 2020 Drug Enforcement Administration list of providers with a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat OUD, we assigned waivered clinicians to counties in one of four geographic categories. We calculated the number of counties in each category that did not have a waivered clinician, available treatment slots, and the county provider to population ratios. Findings The number of DEA-waivered clinicians more than doubled between December 2017 and July 2020 from 37,869 to 98,344. The availability of a clinician with a DEA waiver to provide MOUD has increased across all geographic categories. Nearly two-thirds of all rural counties (63.1%) had at least one clinician with a DEA waiver but more than half of small and remote rural counties lacked one. There were also significant differences in access by the US Census Division. Conclusions Overall, MOUD access has improved, but small rural communities still experience treatment disparities and there is significant regional variation.
Constrained Online Convex Optimization With Feedback Delays

In this article, we study constrained online convex optimization (OCO) in the presence of feedback delays, where a decision maker chooses sequential actions without knowing the loss functions and constraint functions a priori . The loss/constraint functions vary with time and their feedback information is revealed to the decision maker with delays, which arise in many applications. We first consider the scenario of delayed function feedback, in which the complete information of the loss/constraint functions is revealed to the decision maker with delays. We develop a modified online saddle point algorithm suitable for constrained OCO with feedback delays. Sublinear regret and sublinear constraint violation bounds are established for the algorithm in terms of the delays. In practice, the complete information (functional forms) of the loss/constraint functions may not be revealed to the decision maker. Thus, we further examine the scenario of delayed bandit feedback, where only the values of the loss/constraint functions at two random points close to the chosen action are revealed to the decision maker with delays. A delayed version of the bandit online saddle point algorithm is proposed by utilizing stochastic gradient estimates of the loss/constraint functions based on delayed bandit feedback. We also establish sublinear regret and sublinear constraint violation bounds for this bandit optimization algorithm in terms of the delays. Finally, numerical results for online quadratically constrained quadratic programs are presented to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of its Parts? Strengthening Caribbean Regional Integration

Deeper economic integration within the Caribbean has been a regional policy priority since the establishment of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the decision to create the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME). Implementation of integration initiatives has, however, been slow, despite the stated commitment of political leaders. The 'implementation deficit' has led to skepticism about completing the CSME and controversy regarding its benefits. This paper analyzes how Caribbean integration has evolved, discusses the obstacles to progress, and explores the potential benefits from greater integration. It argues that further economic integration through liberalization of trade and labor mobility can generate significant macroeconomic benefits, but slow progress in completing the institutional arrangements has hindered implementation of the essential components of the CSME and progress in economic integration. Advancing institutional integration through harmonization and rationalization of key institutions and processes can reduce the fixed costs of institutions, providing the needed scale and boost to regional integration. Greater cooperation in several functional policy areas where the region is facing common challenges can also provide low-hanging fruit, creating momentum toward full integration as the Community continues to address the obstacles to full economic integration.
Non-Uremic Calciphylaxis: An Unexpected Complication With Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone

Calciphylaxis is a rare syndrome of calcific microvascular occlusion, whereas non-uremic calciphylaxis (NUC) is a subset of this disease in which renal impairment is not observed. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) (1-84) is a medication approved for the management of hypocalcemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism. We present a case report of a 38-year-old woman with postoperative hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH who subsequently developed calciphylactic lesions on her abdomen. Multidisciplinary interventions included intravenous and intralesional sodium thiosulfate therapy, laboratory monitoring, dermatological wound care, and pain management. Calciphylaxis can rarely be precipitated by rhPTH due to its effect on calcium and phosphorus balance even in the setting of normal renal function. The use of calcium and calcitriol supplementation, complicated by factors such as female sex and obesity, may have contributed in this patient's case. Hence, regular follow-up with tapering off of calcium and calcitriol supplementation is important in patients receiving rhPTH.
Living brands: consumer responses to animated brand logos

This research builds foundational theory in a new domain of marketing: animated visual brand elements. It focuses on agent animation, which conveys a sense that the brand element, such as a logo, moves of its own volition, as distinguished from object animation, which does not. Given limited marketplace utilization (pilot study), animated logos represent new opportunities for branding and promotion. However, the influence of agent animation on attitude toward the firm or brand is contingent on the fluent processing of the animation in the context it is used. As compared with object-animated or static logos, agent animation encourages more favorable attitudes toward dynamic firms but less favorable attitudes toward stable firms (Studies 1 and 2). Further, more favorable attitudes arise when the brand personality suggested by the animation is consistent with other brand cues, such as brand slogans (Study 3) or the logo graphic (Study 4). Finally, the effects are replicated with choice behavior using established brands (Study 5).
Relations between factor VIIa binding and expression of factor VIIa/tissue factor catalytic activity on cell surfaces.

The kinetics of the binding of rVIIa to cell surface tissue factor (TF) and the resultant expression of VIIa/TF activity were studied. Binding of 125I-rVIIa (10 nM) to cell surface TF required 30-60 min for saturation, whereas VIIa/TF activity was fully expressed toward factor X (F X) on intact monolayers after only 1 min of incubation. At the time only 10-20% of the total VIIa TF complexes present at saturation had formed. Freeze-thawing the monolayers before assay increased VIIa/TF activity up to 30-fold, and the time course of its expression was similar to that of TF-specific binding of VIIa to the monolayers. Equilibrium binding revealed a single high affinity binding class of TF sites on intact monolayers for rVIIa with a Kd of 1.6 nM. Experiments with active-site inhibited rVIIa yielded evidence for two populations of VIIa. TF complexes on intact monolayers: (1) a minor population (less than 20%) that formed within 1 min of incubation and accounted for all VIIa/TF activity toward F X present on the intact monolayers, and (2) a major population that was inactive toward F X on intact monolayers but which was fully active after the monolayers were lysed. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).F Xa complexes inhibited the VIIa/TF activity of the first population, i.e. of the complexes active on intact monolayers, half maximally at a concentration of 0.2 nM TFPI. TFPI/Xa also bound to the second population of VIIa.TF complexes on intact monolayers and inhibited their expression of VIIa/TF activity following cell lysis with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.0 nM. The potential physiologic implications of these findings are discussed.
Population Processes and Dynamics of Laboratory Populations of Callosobruchus Spp

The results of single- and mixed- species studies are reviewed and the processes principally significant in forming the dynamics of these populations are discussed. The first of these processes is adult competition for oviposition sites, which is mediated by both exploitative and interference competition, and occurs both intraspecifically and interspecifically. Larval competition, apparently exploitative in nature, can produce very different outcomes in different populations, varying from nearly contest competition to scramble competition. The combinations of these processes result in different dynamics in different populations, varying from stable populations to those exhibiting cyclic behavior.
VOLATILE FATTY ACID REQUIREMENT OF A STRAIN OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES.

Abstract Larson, A. D. (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge), L. V. Hattier, and C. S. McCleskey. Volatile fatty acid requirement of a strain of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Bacteriol. 89:819–824. 1965.—Listeria monocytogenes strain 2 requires either isobutyric or 2-methylbutyric acid for growth. Elucidation of this requirement began with characterization of the growth-enhancing substance in culture filtrates of Aerobacter aerogenes. A. aerogenes required tryptose, glucose, and aerobic conditions for excretion of active fatty acids into the medium. Commercial preparations of isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, isovaleric, 3-methylvaleric, and n-valeric acid supported the growth of strain 2. Purification of these fatty acids by gas chromatography demonstrated that strain 2 responded significantly only to isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acid. Amines, alcohols, and hydroxy fatty acids, which were structurally related to the active acids, did not satisfy the fatty acid requirement of L. monocytogenes strain 2. Only one isolate (strain 2) of 128 cultures of L. monocytogenes required volatile fatty acid for growth.
Locating the Indian Ocean: notes on the postcolonial reconstitution of space

The networks of human relation that define the Indian Ocean region have undergone significant reconfiguration in the last half-century. More precisely, the economic insularity of the region has diminished while the postcolonial nation has both restricted movement and reoriented the political imaginations of people along the rim. At the same time, the Indian Ocean has been revivified as a unit of social exchange and analysis, particularly since the end of the Cold War. This article explores the meaning of Indian Ocean Africa in the context of a multipolar world by focusing on how the dictates of nations have transformed the region and how the petroleum economy as well as shifting means of social engagement have engendered new linkages. The essay argues that although the postcolonial era affected the closure of certain historical routes of connectivity, relationships structured by contemporary nations and air travel, among other things, have encouraged perceptions of regional coherence. What we might term b...
The Cosmic Background Radiation, Snowmass Workshop

Observations of the Cosmic Microwave background have provided many of the most powerful constraints we have on cosmology and events in the early universe. The spectrum and isotropy of CBR have long been a pillar of Big Bang models. The discovery of low levels on anisotropy has provided new information and tools for our understanding of the early universe. Further observations promise to enhance greatly our knowledge of processes in the early universe and cosmological parameters. We can anticipate rapid advance in this field up to and through the year 2000 which will dramatically focus our efforts in cosmology during the next millenium. This paper outlines the primary science likely to be discovered and defined by a vigorous airborne and ground-based program which should be strongly supported. If successfully excuted, we an anticipate a measurement of the CBR anisotropy spectrum to within a factor of two of the confidence level unavoidably set by cosmic variance. Even so, observations of the CBR are the best and often the only way to obtain information on many critical parameters so that an ambitious satellite experiment that maps the full-sky to the delta T/T ~ 10^{-6} level is well justified. Draft CBR description and recommendations from the Snowmass Workshop comments to smoot@cosmos.lbl.gov
Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Atlantic

Abstract Winds at low (near-surface) and 200-mb levels from National Hurricane Center objective analyses are used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of the tropical and subtropical intraseasonal oscillations for the North Atlantic/northeast Pacific regions, including over the continents, for the years 1980–1989. The intraseasonal oscillations are broken into three bands, with long (50–85 day), intermediate (30–55 day), and short (13–29 day) periods. Winter and summer seasons are analyzed separately. A complex empirical orthogonal function technique is used to derive the dominant modes of intraseasonal variability over the region, including their propagation characteristics. Statistically distinct modes of variability are found only during the winter and only for the long-period and short-period bands. The dominant mode of coupled 200-mb low-level long-period variability during winter has a dipole structure. It has a substantial equivalent barotropic component in the subtropics, as well as a baroclini...
Contentious problems in bioscience and biotechnology: a pilot study of an approach to ethics education.

This manuscript describes a pilot study in ethics education employing a problem-based learning approach to the study of novel, complex, ethically fraught, unavoidably public, and unavoidably divisive policy problems, called “fractious problems,” in bioscience and biotechnology. Diverse graduate and professional students from four US institutions and disciplines spanning science, engineering, humanities, social science, law, and medicine analyzed fractious problems employing “navigational skills” tailored to the distinctive features of these problems. The students presented their results to policymakers, stakeholders, experts, and members of the public. This approach may provide a model for educating future bioscientists and bioengineers so that they can meaningfully contribute to the social understanding and resolution of challenging policy problems generated by their work.
On the longitudinal course of panic disorder: developmental history and predictors of phobic complications

Abstract The longitudinal course and childhood histories of 46 patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia were systematically assessed. DSM-III-R criteria were employed in assessing predictors of phobic complications. It was found that the female sex and any childhood anxiety or depressive disorder were associated with the development of phobic avoidances. Overanxious disorder was reported twice as often as separation anxiety disorder. Most patients could identify a clear-cut precipitant of their disorder, and most developed phobic complications after their first panic attacks. Unemployment, high interpersonal sensitivity, and secondary depression were associated with premature termination.
Enterobius vermicularis: 10,000-year-old human infection.

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (human pinworm) were found in hum coprolites from Hopug and Danger Caves, western Utah. The Caves were inhabitated by man from 10,000 B.C. to A.D. 1400. The oldest coprolite containing dated at 7837 B.C. This represents the earliest known association between man abd this exclusively human parasite.
Anatomy of Tricuspid Atresia and Its Relevance to Current Forms of Surgical Therapy

Abstract An anatomical study of 33 postmortem specimens of tricuspid atresia from two children's hospitals was carried out in order to identify the relative frequency of the various disease entities and associated malformations. Particular emphasis was placed on the relevance to surgical therapy.
Low-Pressure Packed-Bed Gas-Phase Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein

Glycerol has become readily available from biodiesel industry. High functionality and relatively low price make it a potential building block to produce value-added derivatives such as acrolein. In this study, low-pressure packed-bed gas-phase dehydration of glycerol was investigated in presence of various solid acid catalysts, including H3PO4/activated carbon catalyst. Dehydration mechanism over H3PO4/activated carbon catalyst was validated. In the presence of H3PO4/activated carbon catalyst, yield of acroelin (66.8%) and selectivity to acrolein (84.0%) were achieved at the temperature of 260 °C and the pressure of 0.85 bar.
Effects of Test Order on Most Comfortable and Uncomfortable Loudness Levels for Speech

This study examined test-order effects on most comfortable loudness (MCL) and uncomfortable loudness (UCL) levels for spondaic words in 2 groups of 30 normal hearing listeners each. For Group 1, MCL was measured first, followed by UCL. For Group 2, UCL was measured first, and then MCL. A retest was conducted for both groups. Results showed that MCL was significantly elevated for Group 2, but not for Group 1. There was no effect on UCL for either group. In a follow-up experiment, the magnitude of the test-order effect on MCL increased significantly when MCL measurements followed UCL measurements closely in time. These results argue for management of the ordering and temporal spacing of MCL and UCL testing in clinical loudness measurements.
Crystal growth and physical properties of Ln2MGa12 (Ln=Pr, Nd, and Sm; M=Ni, Cu)

Abstract Single crystals of the Ln 2 MGa 12 (Ln=Pr, Nd, and Sm; M=Ni, Cu) family of compounds have been synthesized using Ga flux and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These phases are isostructural to Sm 2 NiGa 12 and crystallize in the tetragonal P 4/ nbm (no. 125, origin choice 2) space group, with Z =2 and lattice parameters a∼ 6.0 A and c∼ 15.3 A. These compounds order antiferromagnetically, and metallic behavior is observed in temperature ranges above the ordering temperature for each compound. Sm 2 CuGa 12 shows large positive magnetoresistance ∼130% in field up to 9 T.
Effect of bonded amalgam on the fracture resistance of teeth

The purpose of this study was to determine whether amalgam bonded to tooth structure with an adhesive resin cement can increase the fracture resistance of restored teeth. Extracted paired upper premolars were prepared for G.V. Black type mesioocclusodistal amalgam restorations. In one tooth of each pair (the experimental group), the enamel walls were etched with phosphoric acid and were painted with an adhesive resin (Panavia), and amalgam was condensed and carved. For the other tooth in each pair (the control group), amalgam was placed in the same manner but was not etched and lined with resin. The teeth were thermocycled and mounted for testing and then were loaded until fracture. A significant difference (p less than 0.05, the paired Student's t-test) was found in the force needed to fracture the bonded amalgam group (70.5 +/- 21.6 kg) compared with that needed to fracture the conventional amalgam group (60.3 +/- 16.8 kg). SEM examination of fractures at the interface occurred predominantly within the resin.
Selecting Peer Institutions with IPEDS and Other Nationally Available Data.

This chapter discusses how institutions can use IPEDS data to assist their institution to determine what other institutions should be used in external benchmark analysis.
Measurement and analysis of visual acuity in multicenter randomized clinical trials in the United States: findings from a survey.

Purpose To describe visual acuity (VA) testing and scoring methods used in multicenter randomized clinical trials in ophthalmology in the United States (USA) sponsored by the National Eye Institute (NEI). Methods A survey was conducted among multicenter studies in the US that included one or more randomized clinical trials and were sponsored by the NEI, National Institutes of Health. To be included in the survey, a study had to have VA reported in one or more publications or patient eligibility based on VA, a majority of study subjects 13 years of age or older, and a patient population primarily or exclusively from the US. A standard survey form was completed for each study based on information presented in the study manual of procedures and publications. Findings were summarized and displayed with frequency distributions. Results The survey included 24 studies, each with enrollment initiated in the period 1972 to 1999.VA was one of the study eligibility criteria for 19 (79%) studies, and VA or change in ...