cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and Specificity of β1,2-Xylosyltransferase, an Enzyme That Contributes to the Allergenicity of Some Plant Proteins

Abstract The enzyme that transfersd-xylose from UDP-xylose to the β-linked mannose of plant N-linked oligosaccharides was purified about 51,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from soybean microsomes. On SDS gels, two proteins of 56 and 59 kDa were detected and both were labeled to the same extent by the photoaffinity label, 5-N3-UDP-[32P]xylose. Labeling of both proteins was inhibited by cold UDP-xylose, but not by UDP-glucose. The amount of 5-N3-UDP-[32P]xylose that bound to the two protein bands was greatly increased in the presence of oligosaccharide acceptors. The best acceptor for xylose transfer and for stimulation of UDP-xylose binding was GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2-T, but GlcNAc1Man3GlcNAc2, with the GlcNAc on the 3-branch, was also a good acceptor and a good stimulator. A number of other N-linked oligosaccharides were poor acceptors, especially those with galactose units at the nonreducing termini. Many of the properties of this enzyme have been described, and the product of the reaction of UDP-xylose and GlcNAc2Man3(GlcNAc)2 was characterized as GlcNAcβ1, 2Manα1,6(GlcNAcβ1,2Manα1,3)(Xylβ1,2)Manβ1,4GlcNA c2-T by chemical and NMR methods.
Simultaneous determination of lactic and volatile fatty acids in microbial fermentation extract by gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract Lactic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric acids were simultaneously determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Lactic acid was oxidized to acetaldehyde by periodic acid and acetaldehyde was eluted before acetic acid. Separation of all acids via a column packed with 80/100 Chromosorb WAW, having GP 10% SP-1200/1% H3PO4 as the liquid phase, was complete in less than 5 min. The method was applied successfully to extracts of fermented corn plant material. Recoveriess of lactic, acetic and butyric acids were 93.1 ± 3.6, 105.1 ± 7.7 and 93.6 ± 3.2%, respectively, and the detection limits were equal to or less than 10, 1 and 0.5 nmol per injection.
Techniques for teaching procedures

Procedures are among the most common kinds of content taught in many training programs. Complex procedures can be difficult to teach effectively. Several analytic methods for simplifying procedures for initial presentation are discussed. Most of the methods do not require analysis as thorough as an information processing task analysis, but they can still be useful to the practicing designer with limited time and resources.
Depleted uranium--the growing concern.

Recently, several studies have reported on the health and environmental consequences of the use of depleted uranium. Depleted uranium is a heavy metal that is also radioactive. It is commonly used in missiles as a counterweight because of its very high density (1.6 times more than lead). Immediate health risks associated with exposure to depleted uranium include kidney and respiratory problems, with conditions such as kidney stones, chronic cough and severe dermatitis. Long-term risks include lung and bone cancer. Several published reports implicated exposure to depleted uranium in kidney damage, mutagenicity, cancer, inhibition of bone, neurological deficits, significant decrease in the pregnancy rate in mice and adverse effects on the reproductive and central nervous systems. Acute poisoning with depleted uranium elicited renal failure that could lead to death. The environmental consequences of its residue will be felt for thousands of years. It is inhaled and passed through the skin and eyes, transferred through the placenta into the fetus, distributed into tissues and eliminated in urine. The use of depleted uranium during the Gulf and Kosovo Wars and the crash of a Boeing airplane carrying depleted uranium in Amsterdam in 1992 were implicated in a health concern related to exposure to depleted uranium.
Parental Language Attitudes and Practices to Socialise Children in a Diglossic Society.

This qualitative study, framed by a language socialisation perspective, explores parental language attitudes of families living in Paraguay, where Spanish and the indigenous language of Guarani coexist in what many sociolinguistics have labelled a diglossic society. During home visits, 27 parents or primary caregivers participated in individual interviews. While focusing on reported linguistic attitudes and practices concerning the two languages, this study also investigates how parents feel about the future of the Guarani language, the native tongue for many Paraguayans. Interview results illustrate that most Paraguayan parents value some conceptualisation of bilingualism for their children. More specifically, many parents report holding Spanish in higher esteem than Guarani, but they do not believe that their children will lose the indigenous language in the future.
Suitability for Chickens of a Riboflavin Concentrate Obtained from Ashbya gossypii

Abstract TANNER, Vojnovick and Van Lanen (1949) reported that a fermentation method for the commercial preparation of riboflavin either in concentrate or pure form might be based upon the use of the microorganism, Ashbya gossypii. As outlined by Pridham, Hall and Pfeifer (1950) Ashbya gossypii has certain practical advantages favoring it for riboflavin production. Experimental feeding of the Ashbya gossypii concentrate to chickens was undertaken to determine the availability of the riboflavin, the absence of toxic factors, and the presence of any supplemental nutritional factors for chicks. PROCEDURE Day-old Rhode Island Red chicks produced by hens fed a standard breeder ration were divided into groups of equal average weight and placed in electrically heated batteries. Twenty chicks per group were used in series 1, and 25 chicks were used in series 2. They were fed the test diets ad libitum from 1 day of age until the termination of the experiment . . .
Behavior of isotopic systematics during deformation and metamorphism: a Hf, Nd and Sr isotopic study of mylonitized granite

A combined compositional and Hf, Nd and Sr isotopic study was performed on a suite of samples of progressively deformed granite from a mylonite zone in the Harquahala Mountains, western Arizona, to evaluate the effects of deformation and metamorphism on the isotopic systematics of typical continental crustal rocks. The 1.4 Ga Harquahala Granite was deformed during Mesozoic thrusting along the Harquahala thrust. Granite in the resulting 60 m wide shear zone ranges from protomylonite to ultramylonite. In most of these mylonites, the protolith is not megascopically recognizable, and can be discerned only by the progressive transition to undeformed granite. Isotopic analyses of Hf, Nd and Sr from the shear zone document the immobility of the Hf and Nd isotopic systems relative to that of the Sr isotopic system during deformation. The Rb−Sr isotopic data show considerable scatter on an isochron plot, exhibiting both gains and losses of Rb and Sr from the whole-rock systems. In contrast, the Sm−Nd and Lu−Hf isotopic systematics are mostly well behaved on isochron diagrams, plotting mostly in tight clusters or along 1.4 Ga isochrons. These results show that while the Sr isotopic system in crustal rocks is quite susceptible to later tectonic disturbance, both Hf and Nd isotopic systems can provide reliable model age information in continental crustal terranes even when the rocks have been subjected to low to medium grades of deformation and metamorphism.
A tight closure proof of Fujita's freeness conjecture for very ample line bundles

The proof here actually proves a stronger statement than Theorem 1 above. The variety X need not be smooth; F-rationality is sufficient (the definition is recalled in the next section; in characteristic zero it is equivalent to rational singularities). Also, the line bundle L need not be very ample; it is sufficient if L is globally generated and the dimension the complete linear system |L| is greater than d. These generalizations are summarized in Theorem 2. Furthermore, with a little more work, the same ideas prove even stronger statements, which are interesting algebraically, but difficult to interpret geometrically (see Theorem 3). Fujita’s Freeness Conjecture predicts the same conclusion under the much weaker hypothesis that L is only ample. While open in general, for varieties defined over a field of characteristic zero, it is known in dimension four or less [R], [EL], [Ka]. See also [AS] for important progress on the conjecture, and [Ko] for a good survey about it. In characteristic zero, it is not hard to give a geometric argument of the special case above using the Kodaira Vanishing Theorem. The goal here is to give a simple, quite different proof that is purely algebraic and valid in any characteristic. This argument offers a nice illustration of how tight closure can be used to prove geometric theorems in arbitrary characteristic without the use of the usual tools of desingularization or vanishing theorems.
Comparative Assessment of 1985 HCM Delay Model

Delay is an important measure of effectiveness in traffic studies; it represents the direct cost of fuel consumption and indirect cost of time loss to motorists. The 1985 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) used delay as the principal measure of level‐of‐service at signalized intersections. The manual introduced a delay model that is based partially on the traditional Webster model. The goals of this study were: (1) To review the delay models currently being used in the SOAP84 computer model for an isolated intersection and by the TRANSYT‐7F computer model for an arterial; (2) Compare them with the original model developed by Webster and the new model proposed by the HCM; and (3) assess the HCM model in both isolated intersection and urban arterial environments. The results show that the new HCM delay model is sensitive to arrival type; thus it is important to know which arrival type to use. The delay values calculated by the new HCM model, SOAP84, and TRANSYT are close to the values resulting from NETSIM.
A block iterative LU solver for weakly coupled linear systems

A hybrid technique, called the block iterative LU solver, is proposed for solving the linear equations resulting from a finite element numerical analysis of certain fluid dynamics problems where the equations are weakly coupled between distinct sets of variables. Either the block Jacobi iterative method or the block Gauss-Seidel iterative solver is combined with LU decomposition.
Fabrication and transport properties of three-terminal Josephson junctions employing high-T c superconductors

Fabrication and transport properties of three-terminal Josephson junctions are described. The devices are excellent Josephson junctions which can be switched and tuned with an applied gate voltage.
SYSTEMATIC TRANSPERINEAL ULTRASOUND GUIDED TEMPLATE BIOPSY OF THE PROSTATE IN PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK

Purpose: A negative biopsy result does not necessarily equate with cancer in specific high risk groups. We describe an alternative systematic biopsy technique for evaluating this subgroup of patients.Materials and Methods: From March 1997 to May 1999 a total of 88 men underwent systematic ultrasound guided biopsy using the transperineal template technique. All patients had undergone at least 1 and 75 (85%) had undergone 2 or more previous sets of biopsies. In addition, study inclusion required high risk parameters, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity greater than 0.75 ng./ml., PSA greater than 10 ng./ml. or previous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy, and/or atypical small cell acinar proliferation.Results: Cancer was identified in 38 of the 88 men (43%) in this high risk subgroup undergoing repeat biopsy. A mean of 15.1 previous biopsy cores had been obtained. The most common biopsy grade was 6 (range 4 to 9). Adenocarcinoma was identified in the transition zone area in 29 of 38...
Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: Prospects for Improvement with Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and require therapy with dialysis, suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular illnesses. Therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) effectively reduces cardiac risk in discrete populations. Blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor carries the potential to reduce blood pressure and to promote favorable remodeling of cardiac structure. Preliminary observations suggest that MRAs can improve survival in patients with ESRD though their widespread adoption is tempered by concerns about effectiveness in patients who have reduced kidney function and the risks of hyperkalemia. This generates a particular conundrum, as sudden cardiac arrest is the predominant cause of death in patients with advanced CKD. In this review, we highlight the potential cardiovascular benefits and review the evident risks of MRAs in patients with ESRD.
Improving the Parameterization of Approximate Subdivision Surfaces

We provide a method for improving the parameterization of patching schemes that approximate Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces, such that the new parameterization conforms better to that of the original subdivision surface. We create this reparameterization in real-time using a method that only depends on the topology of the surface and is independent of the surface's geometry. Our method can handle patches with more than one extraordinary vertex and avoids the combinatorial increase in both complexity and storage associated with multiple extraordinary vertices. Moreover, the reparameterization function is easy to implement and fast. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cancer epigenome: its origins, contributions to tumorigenesis, and translational implications.

Epigenetic abnormalities in lung and other cancers continue to be defined at a rapid pace. We are coming to appreciate that cancers have an “epigenetic landscape” wherein genes vulnerable to abnormalities, such as promoter DNA hypermethylation and associated gene silencing, tend to reside in defined nuclear positions and chromosome domains and relationships to chromatin regulation, which facilitates states of stem cell renewal. These same genes and domains are also vulnerable to epigenetic abnormalities induced by factors to which cells are exposed during cancer risk states, such as chronic inflammation. We can use all of this basic information for translational purposes in terms of deriving biomarkers for cancer risk states and detection and therapeutic strategies.
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: comparison of four methods on specimens collected in Cary-Blair transport medium and tcdB PCR on fresh versus frozen samples

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) caused by toxigenic strains of C. difficile is primarily a nosocomial infection with increasing prevalence. Stool specimens are typically collected in Cary-Blair transport medium to maximize culture-based detection of common stool pathogens. The goal of this study was to establish an analytically accurate and efficient algorithm for the detection of CDI in our patient population using samples collected in Cary-Blair transport medium. In addition, we wished to determine whether the sensitivity and specificity of PCR was affected by freezing samples before testing. Using 357 specimens, we compared four methods: enzyme immunoassay for the antigen glutamate dehydrogenase (Wampole™ C. DIFF CHEK-60 Assay, GDH), toxin A and B enzyme immunoassay (Remel ProSpecT™ C. difficile Toxin A/B Microplate Assay, Toxin EIA), cell culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay (Bartels™ Cytotoxicity Assay, CT), and real-time PCR targeting the toxin B gene (BD GeneOhm™ Cdiff Assay, PCR). The analytic sensitivity and specificity of each as determined using a combined gold standard were as follows: GDH, 100% and 93.2%; Toxin EIA, 82.9% and 82.9%; CT, 100% and 100%; PCR (performed on frozen specimens) 74.3% and 96.6%; respectively. However, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR improved to 100% when performed on 50 fresh stool samples collected in Cary-Blair. While CT remains a sensitive method for the detection of CDI, GDH offers an excellent initial screening method to rule out CDI. While the performance of each assay did not appear to be affected by collection in Cary-Blair medium, PCR performed better using fresh specimens.
WADEIn II: adaptive explanatory visualization for expressions evaluation

Adaptive visualization and explanatory visualization have been suggested as two approaches to increasing the educational effectiveness of software visualization. This paper presents our work on the integration of adaptive and explanatory visualization. We introduce the motivation behind this research and describe how adaptive, explanatory visualization is implemented in WADEIn II, a system that visualizes the process of expression evaluation in the C programming language.
THE UNIQUENESS OF CROSS-VALIDATION SELECTED SMOOTHING PARAMETERS IN KERNEL ESTIMATION OF NONPARAMETRIC MODELS

We investigate the issue of the uniqueness of the cross-validation selected smoothing parameters in kernel estimation of multivariate nonparametric regression or conditional probability functions. When the covariates are all continuous variables, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition, and when the covariates are a mixture of categorical and continuous variables, we provide a simple sufficient condition that guarantees asymptotically the uniqueness of the cross-validation selected smoothing parameters.We thank a referee for the constructive comments.
Integrated circuit technology options for RFICs-present status and future directions

This paper will summarize the technology tradeoffs that are involved in the implementation of radio frequency integrated circuits for wireless communications. Radio transceiver circuits have a very broad range of requirements-including noise figure, linearity, gain, phase noise, and power dissipation. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the competing technologies-Si CMOS and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), Si/SiGe HBTs and GaAs MESFETs, PHEMTS and HBTs will be examined in light of these requirements.
Contributions of Public Health to Genetics Education for Health Care Professionals

With growing knowledge about the role of genetics in health, genetics education for health care professionals has taken on increasing importance. Many efforts are under way to develop new genetics curricula. Although such efforts are primarily the responsibility of health professional schools and professional societies, the public health system is an important stakeholder, and different sectors of public health have opportunities to enhance educational efforts. These include the development of authoritative information sources about the clinical utility of genetic susceptibility and pharmacogenetic tests, creation of networks that link professionals in underserved regions to educational materials and consultative backup, and sponsorship of forums for multidisciplinary discussion of controversial issues. Public health input can help to ensure an appropriate emphasis on health outcomes as new genomic tests and technologies come into use, thus helping to protect society from the social and medical costs of genetic tests with limited clinical value.
Severe injury or death in young children from therapeutic errors: a summary of 238 cases from the American Association of Poison Control Centers

Introduction. Medication-related errors pose a risk to children, but accurate data regarding errors with clinically significant outcomes are not available. We attempt to describe errors, identify p...
An exact, linear solution to the problem of imaging through turbulence

Abstract We show how, in principle, to solve the `blind deconvolution' problem. This is in the context of the problem of imaging through atmospheric turbulence. The approach is digital but not iterative, and requires as input data but two short-exposure intensity images, without the need for reference point sources. By taking the Fourier transform of each image and dividing, a set of linear equations is generated whose unknowns are sampled values of the two random point spread functions that degraded the images. An oversampling by 50% in Fourier space equalizes the number of unknowns and independent equations. With some prior knowledge of spread function support, and in the absence of added noise of image detection, the inverted equations give exact solutions. The two observed images are then inverse filtered to reconstruct the object.
The Use of the Infrared-Active AgI Phonon Mode in AgI-type Ionic Conductors to Study Order-Disorder Phenomena

Several new ionic conductors of the type RHI·AgI, where R = substituted pyridinium group, were recently synthesized. Conductivity studies made at high pressures demonstrated diverse responses in the ionic conductivity. Some conductors showed a maxima in ionic conductivity, while others manifested a decrease or were unresponsive to the application of pressure. These changes in conductivity were found to occur without any noticeable phase transitions, as determined by visual microscopic observation, and presumably involve only subtle lattice modifications. It has been suggested that these pressure-induced modifications in the lattice could cause redistributions in the population of different Ag ion sites, and provide more facile ion transport with consequent increased conductivity. The importance of such lattice modifications as one of the criteria for increased conductivity has been cited for related ionic conductors.
3-D Transcranial Ultrasound Imaging with Bilateral Phase Aberration Correction of Multiple Isoplanatic Patches: A Pilot Human Study with Microbubble Contrast Enhancement

With stroke currently the second-leading cause of death globally, and 87% of all strokes classified as ischemic, the development of a fast, accessible, cost-effective approach for imaging occlusive stroke could have a significant impact on health care outcomes and costs. Although clinical examination and standard computed tomography alone do not provide adequate information for understanding the complex temporal events that occur during an ischemic stroke, ultrasound imaging is well suited to the task of examining blood flow dynamics in real time and may allow for localization of a clot. A prototype bilateral 3-D ultrasound imaging system using two matrix array probes on either side of the head allows for correction of skull-induced aberration throughout two entire phased array imaging volumes. We investigated the feasibility of applying this custom correction technique in five healthy volunteers with Definity microbubble contrast enhancement. Subjects were scanned simultaneously via both temporal acoustic windows in 3-D color flow mode. The number of color flow voxels above a common threshold increased as a result of aberration correction in five of five subjects, with a mean increase of 33.9%. The percentage of large arteries visualized by 3-D color Doppler imaging increased from 46% without aberration correction to 60% with aberration correction.
Home-Based Family Business

I OFFER special thanks to Barbara Rowefor organizing and editing this topical issue on home-based family business. Often, our attention is captured by the large, mature family firms. However, the much larger numbers of businesses, and the leading edge of social trends, are on the boundary of entrepreneurship and family business. Many of those businesses are-operated out of the owners’ homes. This issue takes advantage of an opportunity to present the findings of the most comprehensive study of home-based enterprise to date. Barbara and her colleagues raise provocative questions in these articles. We look forward to further empirical and conceptual work in this area in future issues of FBR.—Kelin Gersick, Editor
Convergent Validity of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA+Plus): Associations with Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Behavioral Ratings

Though the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA + Plus) is commonly used by researchers and clinicians, few investigations have assessed its convergent and discriminant validity, especially with regard to its use with children. The present study details correlates of the IVA + Plus using measures of cognitive ability and ratings of child behavior (parent and teacher), drawing upon a sample of 90 psychoeducational evaluations. Scores from the IVA + Plus correlated significantly with the Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes from the Fourth Edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV), though fewer and weaker significant correlations were seen with behavior ratings scales, and significant associations also occurred with WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning. The overall pattern of relations is supportive of the validity of the IVA + Plus; however, general cognitive ability was associated with better performance on most of the primary scores of the IVA + Plus, suggesting that interpretation should take intelligence into account.
The ultimobranchial body of Rana pipiens. 8. Effects of extirpation upon calcium distribution and bone cell types.

Abstract The ultimobranchial glands, the site of origin of calcitonin, were removed surgically from 72 male Rana pipiens . Bilateral extirpation resulted in a rise in serum calcium levels from a normal of 9.4 mg % to a peak of 10.6 mg % after 2 weeks. This level was maintained for 6 weeks and was followed by a decline toward eucalcemia. This period (Phase I) was subsequently followed by Phase II in which serum calcium fell to 7.8 mg %. During Phase I, calcium carbonate was depleted from the paravertebral lime sacs, which may account for the hypercalcemia. However, in Phase II, X-ray examination revealed decreased density within the skull and the metaphysis and epiphyseal articular caps of the long bones. Histological examination revealed decreased osteoblasts along the periosteum and increased numbers of osteoclasts and chondroclasts in the metaphysis with a concomitant loss of chondrocytes in the eroded regions. Bone resorbing cells were also found along the diaphysis and in the vertebral lacunae. The systemic response indicated that the ultimobranchial gland may impose an inhibitory influence on the flux of calcium across the lime sae epithelium, suppress the proliferation of bone resorbing cells, and may stimulate osteoblastic activity. These alterations may also suggest that the ultimobranchial gland may inhibit renal calcium excretion.
Climate Change Policy Options for Asian Economies: Findings from an Integrated Assessment Model

This study outlines potential futures for the global economy through the 2050 with a specific focus on the countries of Asia. With underlying assumptions about population and output growth, a baseline scenario assesses the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and the ensuing impacts on the climate. Under the baseline scenario, Asia's high growth leads to a strong rotation in global output and emissions by the year 2050. The analytical framework traces back the changes in temperature to economic damages – limited to the agricultural sectors. Parts of Asia are likely to see much higher dependence on food imports as a consequence of these damages. Various carbon tax scenarios are implemented to assess the potential for reducing carbon emissions. Because of the structure of their economies, Asian countries are likely to bear the greatest burden in reducing emissions in an efficient global tax scheme, but there is significant scope to ease this burden through financial transfers.
Robust H∞ Control of Time-Delay Systems

In this paper, a delay-dependent H_infinity performance criterion which possess decoupling structure is derived for a class of time-delay systems. It is then extended to H_infinity state-feedback synthesis for time-delay systems with polytopic uncertainty. All the conditions are given in terms of the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Leveraging martingales for robust cognitive radio transmission control

This paper explores Martingale processes in a fair game scenario where secondary users attempt to efficiently access the frequency spectrum resources in a time division multiple access (TDMA) wireless network. Through the leveraging of Martingale characteristics, the secondary users have the ability to evolve holistically; thus, making better decisions about the system state over time. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is more robust and reliable in non-convex cases than other methods which rely on multiple parameters that must be fine-tuned. It also demonstrates that the secondary users can efficiently collaborate on accessibility within each opportunistic window frame of time.
Short read error correction using an FM-index

Whole genome sequencing is becoming more affordable, but sequencing errors complicate the analysis and diminish the utility of the data. We present FMRC, a new tool for correcting errors in DNA short reads from high-throughput sequencing. It uses a Burrows-Wheeler Transform and FM-index to enable a k-mer counting approach for correcting substitution, insertion, and deletion errors. In general, it corrects errors more effectively than other error correction tools, leading to better alignments and de novo assemblies. FMRC is freely available at https://github.com/sgreenstein/fmrc.
Anisotropic Nanoparticles and Anisotropic Surface Chemistry

Anisotropic nanoparticles are powerful building blocks for materials engineering. Unusual properties emerge with added anisotropy-often to an extraordinary degree-enabling countless new applications. For bottom-up assembly, anisotropy is crucial for programmability; isotropic particles lack directional interactions and can self-assemble only by basic packing rules. Anisotropic particles have long fascinated scientists, and their properties and assembly behavior have been the subjects of many theoretical studies over the years. However, only recently has experiment caught up with theory. We have begun to witness tremendous diversity in the synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled anisotropy. In this Perspective, we highlight the synthetic achievements that have galvanized the field, presenting a comprehensive discussion of the mechanisms and products of both seed-mediated and alternative growth methods. We also address recent breakthroughs and challenges in regiospecific functionalization, which is the next frontier in exploiting nanoparticle anisotropy.
The Objectives of Physical Education

(1934). The Objectives of Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 26-55.
Analysis of drug-drug interactions among nursing home residents

The extent of clinically important drug-drug interactions in the patient population of a nursing home was studied. The administration of medications to all 138 residents of two wards of the hospital-affiliated facility was monitored for 15 days through a review of nurses' medication-administration records and patients' charts. Information on the nature and timing of administered drug combinations was compared with published information to identify potential drug interactions. If a serious drug interaction was suspected, the recorded information was verified through the nurse in charge of that patient. Few of the drug interactions commonly reported to occur in nursing homes were observed at the facility, where drug therapy is monitored by a team of geriatric practitioners that includes two pharmacists. Of the 24 suspected interactions that were identified, 11 had potential clinical importance, and all 11 involved drug combinations that could alter the metabolism or action of one of the drugs. However, only two patients were exposed to any substantial degree of risk, and dosages of the drugs involved were adjusted. An additional 13 patients were taking a combination of drugs that could have altered the intestinal absorption of one of the drugs. Careful timing of drug administration avoided this potential problem. With proper education of the nursing staff, immediate clarification of medication orders, and optimal timing of drug administration, many clinically important drug-drug and drug-food interactions can be avoided in nursing home patients.
Meconium peritonitis following intestinal atresia: A case report

Abstract Meconium peritonitis is a sterile chemical peritonitis, which frequently occurs after intestinal perforation in utero. Overall mortality rates have drastically decreased with earlier prenatal diagnosis and improved perinatal care. However, perinatal surgical management of meconium peritonitis is largely dependent on individual surgeon experience. We present a case of meconium peritonitis with emergent cesarean section delivery after the patient developed massive meconium ascites, hydrops fetalis, and non-reassuring fetal monitoring. In the immediate post-natal period, the patient was intubated and a peritoneal drain was placed for respiratory and hemodynamic stabilization. He was then taken to the operating room the following day for laparotomy and bowel resection. His post-operative course was uneventful, and he was discharged home in good clinical condition.
Comparison of calf muscle blood flow responses to rhythmic exercise between mean age 25- and 74-year-old men.

AbstractThese studies compared calf muscle strength and calf muscle blood flow response to rhythmic exercise, as gauged by postexercise hyperemia, between a group of young adult males (mean age 24.7 years) and an older group (mean age 73.7 years). All subjects were trained to exert maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) of their calf muscles. MVC values averaged 502 ± 16 (SEM) pounds in the young adult group and 362 ± 53 (SEM) pounds in the older group. This difference was significant (P ± 0.05). Calf muscle blood flow was measured by strain gauge plethysmography before and after 3-min bouts of rhythmic isometric calf muscle exercise. Contraction frequency ranged from 20 to 80 contractions per minute (cpm) while the force per contraction ranged from 7.5 to 30% of MVC. In the resting state there were no significant between-group differences in blood pressure or calf muscle blood flow. For each percentage MVC and cpm exercise combination tested, there were no significant between group differences in postexerc...
lmidacloprid Formulation and Soil Placement Effects on Colonization by Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Head Size and Incidence of Chlorosis in Lettuce

The effects of imidacloprid formulation and soil placement on colonization by sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), at 3 plant growth stages of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., were evaluated in experimental and commercial lettuce plots in 1993–1994. We also evaluated the effects of imidacloprid treatments on yield response and incidence of chlorosis associated with sweetpotato whitefly control. Imidacloprid placement had a significant effect on sweetpotato whitefly colonization in lettuce throughout the experimental period. Sweetpotato whitefly densities on lettuce varied at each plant stage relative to depth of placement within the lettuce seed bed. Applications made to the soil surface and at 4.0-cm subseed furrow, followed by irrigation, provided the most consistent control of sweetpotato whitefly nymphs in small plots and in on-farm lettuce plots. These imidacloprid soil treatments also prevented reductions in head size and incidence of leaf chlorosis associated with sweetpotato whitefly colonization in lettuce. Our data suggest that incorporation of imidacloprid into the upper 3-4 cm of soil below the seed furrow is optimal for absorption and translocation by lettuce roots. Imidacloprid soil treatments may provide a more environmentally suitable and effective alternative to control of sweetpotato whiteflies in lettuce than is currently possible with foliar insecticide treatments.
Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device as a Split-Thickness Skin Graft Bolster in the Burn Population

The vacuum-assisted closure device (VAC) is associated with improved wound healing outcomes. Its use as a bolster device to secure a split-thickness skin graft has been previously demonstrated; however, there is little published evidence demonstrating its benefits specifically in the burn population. With use of the VAC becoming more commonplace, its effect on skin graft take and overall time to healing in burn patients deserves further investigation. Retrospective review of burn registry database at a high-volume level I trauma center and regional burn center during a 16-month period was performed. Patients who had a third-degree burn injury requiring a split-thickness skin graft and who received a VAC bolster were included. Data points included age, sex, burn mechanism, burn location, grafted area in square centimeters, need for repeat grafting, percent graft take, and time to complete reepithelialization. Sixty-seven patients were included in the study with a total of 88 skin graft sites secured with a VAC. Age ranged from <1 year to 84 years (average 41 years). The average grafted area was 367 ± 545 cm. The three most common were the leg, thigh, and arm (28, 15, and 12%, respectively). Average percent graft take was 99.5 ± 1.5%. Notably, no patients returned to the operating room for repeat grafting. The average time to complete reepithelialization was 16 ± 7 days. The VAC is a highly reliable and reproducible method to bolster a split-thickness skin graft in the burn population. The observed rate of zero returns to the operating room for repeat grafting was especially encouraging. Its ability to conform to contours of the body and cover large surface areas makes it especially useful in securing a graft. This method of bolstering results in decreased repeat grafting and minimal graft loss, thus decreasing morbidity compared with conventional bolster dressings.
Simulation of Transverse Gaseous Injection Through a Diamond Port into a Mach 5.0 Freestream

Detached-Eddy and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of transverse (90 ) gaseous injection through a 15 half-angle diamond shaped orifice into a high Reynolds number (53 x 10 6 ) Mach 5.0 freestream was performed. The GASP and Cobalt CFD codes were employed in performing these simulations. RANS solutions along with instantaneous and time-averaged DES data were obtained for all cases. Numerical results were compared to available experimental data including surface oil flow visualization, shadowgraph photographs, pressure sensitive paint and pitot pressure. The goal was to evaluate the performance of turbulence models in predicting complex flowfields generated by transverse jet injection into high-speed flows. Results obtained indicate that both RANS and DES perform adequately in predicting the present flows. However, experimental results show higher entrainment and diusion downstream of the injector.
Excitation characteristics test and error checkout for protective CT

The correct operation of relay protections largely depends on the correct detection of fault current in power system.The factors causing CT ratio and phase errors by excitation current and iron loss are analyzed based on the equivalent circuit of protective CT.Three test methods,traditional AC excitation characteristics test,low-frequency power supply test and DC-saturation test,are studied and compared.Combined with the excitation characteristics test in a 500 kV station,the plotting method of CT 10 % error curve is given,the load is checked out,and the improvement measures are given when the secondary load does not meet the requirements.The influence of CT saturation on bus differential protection and zero-sequence current protection are analyzed.Countermeasures,such as CT type selection and second load checkout,should be taken to lessen the impact on the proper performance of protections.
Patients with Cushing's syndrome are care-intensive even in the era of laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

We report outcomes from laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) comparing patients with Cushing's syndrome with those with other adrenal pathology with respect to length of stay (LOS), overall complication...
Examining the Variability of Sleep Patterns during Treatment for Chronic Insomnia: Application of a Location-Scale Mixed Model

Study Objectives:The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel statistical technique called the location-scale mixed model that can be used to analyze the mean level and intra-individual varia...
Special Notions of Symmetry and Invariance

Palm distributions and inversion formulas; stationarity and cycle stationarity; local hitting and conditioning; ergodic properties of Palm measures; exchangeable sequences and processes; strong stationarity and predictable sampling; ballot theorems; entropy and information
Early Development in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The early development of 33 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was assessed at the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales.
Home blood pressure monitoring among adults-American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health Consumer Survey, 2012.

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) among hypertensive adults was assessed using the 2012 American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health Consumer Survey. The prevalence of hypertension was 25.5% and 53.8% of those reported HBPM. Approximately 63% of hypertensive adults 65 years and older reported HBPM followed by 51% and 34.6% (35-64 and 18-34 years, respectively; P=.001). Those who had seen a healthcare professional within a year reported HBPM compared with those who had not (54.8% vs 32.8%, P=.047). Those who believed that lowering blood pressure can reduce risk of heart attack and stroke had a higher percentage of HBPM compared with those who did not (55.5% vs 33.1%, P=.01). Age and the belief that lowering blood pressure could reduce cardiovascular disease risk were significant factors associated with HBPM. Half of the adult hypertensive patients reported HBPM and its use was greater among those who reported a positive attitude toward lowering blood pressure to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Progressive Pathological Changes in Neurochemical Profile of the Hippocampus and Early Changes in the Olfactory Bulbs of Tau Transgenic Mice (rTg4510)

Tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD-tau) dementia, characterized by pathologic aggregation of the microtubule-associated tau protein and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, have been linked to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The early detection of cerebral abnormalities and the identification of biological contributors to the continuous pathologic processes of neurodegeneration in tauopathies critically hinge on sensitive and reliable measures of biomarkers in the living brain. In this study, we measured alterations in a number of key neurochemicals associated with tauopathy-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs of a transgenic mouse model of FTLD-tauopathy, line rTg4510, using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 T. The rTg4510 line develops tauopathy at a young age (4–5 months), reaching a severe stage by 8–12 months of age. Longitudinal measurement of neurochemical concentrations in the hippocampus of mice from 5 to 12 months of age showed significant progressive changes with distinctive disease staging patterns including N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and glutamine. The accompanying hippocampal volume loss measured using magnetic resonance imaging showed significant correlation (p < 0.01) with neurochemical measurements. Neurochemical alterations in the olfactory bulbs were more pronounced than those in the hippocampus in rTg4510 mice. These results demonstrate progressive neuropathology in the mouse model and provide potential biomarkers of early neuropathological events and effective noninvasive monitoring of the disease progression and treatment efficacy, which can be easily translated to clinical studies.
The euphoria of energy and mass exchange in contrast to the energized and massmized Cosmic clock

Abstract The Cosmic mirage has no sense of the past, present, and future, while the Cosmic clock keeps tracks of the past, present, and future by the intensities of energization and massimization. The naming and renaming of the changes of the Cosmic mirage reflect the diversified theories and laws that have deceived observers. An energized and massmized version of I-Ching and Tao Ching invokes the miniscule-DNA of the Cosmo, defined as the virgin state of homogeneity, without time and dimension. In particular, the energy and mass exchange (EME) like relation E = mv 2 shows that the ELPSs are images to be named and renamed. It can also be used to monitor the intensities of energization and massimization of the Cosmic clock.
Field evidence for the control of grain size and sediment supply on steady-state bedrock river channel slopes in a tectonically active setting

We exploit a natural experiment in Boulder Creek, a ~ 30 km2 drainage in the Santa Cruz mountains, CA USA to explore how an abrupt increase in the caliber of bedload sediment along a bedrock channel influences channel morphology in an actively uplifting landscape. Boulder Creek's bedrock channel, which is entirely developed on weak sedimentary rock, has a high flow stress that is about 3.5 times greater where it transports coarse (~ 22 cm D50) diorite in the lower reaches in comparison to the upstream section of the creek that transports only relatively finer bedload (~2 cm D50) derived from weak sedimentary rocks. In addition, Boulder Creek's channel abruptly widens and shallows downstream and transitions from partial to nearly continuous alluvial cover where it begins transporting coarse diorite. Boulder Creek's tributary channels are also about three times steeper where they transport diorite bedload, and within the Santa Cruz mountains channels in sedimentary bedrock are systematically steeper when >50% of their catchment area is within crystalline basement rocks. Despite this clear control of coarse sediment size on channel slopes, the threshold of motion stress for bedload, alone, does not appear to control channel profile slopes here. Upper Boulder Creek, which is starved of coarse sediment, maintains high flow shear stresses well in excess of the threshold for motion. In contrast, lower Boulder Creek, with a greater coarse sediment supply, exerts high flow stresses much closer to the threshold for motion. We speculate that upper Boulder Creek has evolved to sustain partial alluvial cover and transfer greater energy to the bed via bedload impacts to compensate for its low coarse sediment supply. Thus bedload supply, bedrock erosion efficiency, and grain size all appear to influence channel slopes here.