cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Rankings With Cardiovascular Outcomes at Top-Ranked Hospitals vs Nonranked Hospitals in the United States.

Importance TheUS News & World Report(USNWR) identifies the “Best Hospitals” for “Cardiology and Heart Surgery.” These rankings may have significant influence on patients and hospitals. Objective To determine whether USNWR top-ranked hospitals perform better than nonranked hospitals on mortality rates and readmission measures as well as patient satisfaction. Design, Setting, and Participants This national retrospective study evaluated outcomes at 3552 US hospitals from 2014 to 2017. Exposures US News & World Report2018 to 2019 Cardiology and Heart Surgery rankings (top-ranked vs nonranked hospitals). Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital-level 30-day risk-standardized mortality and readmission rates for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries age 65 years or older hospitalized for 3 cardiovascular conditions: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as well as Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems patient satisfaction star ratings obtained from publicly available Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services data. Results Thirty-day mortality rates at top-ranked hospitals (n = 50), compared with nonranked hospitals (n = 3502), were lower for AMI (11.9% vs 13.2%,P Conclusions and Relevance We found that USNWR top-ranked hospitals for cardiovascular care had lower 30-day mortality rates for AMI, HF, and CABG and higher patient satisfaction ratings compared with nonranked hospitals. However, 30-day readmission rates were either similar (for AMI and CABG) or higher (for HF) at top-ranked compared with nonranked hospitals. This discrepancy between readmissions and other performance measures raises concern that readmissions may not be an adequate metric of hospital care quality.
XNOR-SRAM: In-Bitcell Computing SRAM Macro based on Resistive Computing Mechanism

We present an in-memory computing SRAM macro for binary neural networks. The memory macro computes XNOR-and-accumulate for binary/ternary deep convolutional neural networks on the bitline without row-by-row data access. It achieves 33X better energy and 300X better energy-delay-product than digital ASIC and achieves high accuracy in machine learning tasks (98.3% for MNIST and 85.7% for CIFAR-10 datasets).
An Update on the Ninth Circuit Debate

The Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals suggested in its final report a division of the Ninth Circuit. Congress presented many bills that would carry out the commission's suggestion. These events may have a significant effect on the future of the federal appellate courts.
COMO NÓS LEMOS: CLOSE, HIPER, MÁQUINA

"How We Read: Close, Hyper, Machine" (2010)originally published in ADE Bulletin, no. 150: 62-79.Translation by Manuel Portela
Measuring High School Curricular Intensity over Three Decades

This article presents a new measure of curricular intensity that is objective, parsimonious, clearly defined, replicable, and comparable over time for use by researchers interested in examining tre...
Increasing the Lifetime of Insulin Cannula with Antifouling and Nitric Oxide Releasing Properties

Many Type 1 diabetes patients utilize insulin pumps, which rely on a small subcutaneous insulin infusion cannula. However, insulin cannulas still suffer from infection and inflammation, which impac...
#MeToo as networked collective: examining consciousness-raising on wild public networks

In 2017, the #MeToo movement swept across social media, making the pervasiveness of sexual assault visible to millions. People shared hashtags and stories often only told in intimate settings on a ...
Plausible structural/functional/behavioral/biochemical transformations following myoblast transfer therapy.

As of April 7, the Institutional Review Board has approved our proposal on human trial with myoblast transfer therapy.
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in β-Cell Function and Viability: A Scoping Review

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells throughout the body have been implicated in diabetes pathogenesis. Understanding the role of EVs in regulation of β-cell function and viability may provide insights into diabetes etiology and may lead to the development of more effective screening and diagnostic tools to detect diabetes earlier and prevent disease progression. This review was conducted to determine what is known from the literature about the effect of EV crosstalk on pancreatic β-cell function and viability in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, to perform a gap analysis for future research directions, and to discuss implications of available evidence for diabetes care. The literature search yielded 380 studies from which 31 studies were determined to meet eligibility criteria. The majority of studies had the disease context of autoimmunity in T1DM. The most commonly studied EV crosstalk dynamics involved localized EV-mediated communication between β-cells and other islet cells, or between β-cells and immune cells. Other organs and tissues secreting EVs that affect β-cells include skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells, bone marrow, vascular endothelium, and mesenchymal stem cells. Characterization of EV cargo molecules with regulatory effects in β-cells was conducted in 24 studies, with primary focus on microRNA cargo. Gaps identified included scarcity of evidence for the effect on β-cell function and viability of EVs from major metabolic organs/tissues such as muscle, liver, and adipose depots. Future research should address these gaps as well as characterize a broader range of EV cargo molecules and their activity in β-cells.
1296-P: Omnipod Personalized MPC Algorithm at Target Glucose of 110mg/dl Is Safe in Children Aged 2-12 Years without Increasing Risk of Hypoglycemia

Customization of glucose targets in hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems is important to enable tailored glucose management and safe onboarding across a wide range of users. The safety and performance of the Omnipod HCL personalized model predictive control (MPC) algorithm were assessed with a lower target of 110mg/dL for the first time in children aged 2-12y with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using an investigational device. Participants with A1C Participants (n=12) were (mean±SD): age 6.8±3.1y, T1D duration 3.7±2.9y, and A1C 7.1±0.7%. Despite 1-2 missed meal bolus challenges (mean 43g, range 18-88g CHO), percent time 70-180mg/dL was 76.6±7.2% and 80.4±9.9% with targets of 110mg/dL and 120mg/dL respectively. Outcomes were similar between the targets for mean glucose and time in glycemic ranges (Table). There were no serious adverse events. The Omnipod personalized MPC algorithm performed well and was safe in children aged 2-12y with T1D when tested at a target of 110mg/dL, even when stress-tested under challenging conditions. This algorithm is being evaluated in an at-home pivotal study with targets 110-150mg/dL. Disclosure J. Sherr: Advisory Panel; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical, Cecelia Health. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi, T1D Exchange. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. G.P. Forlenza: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. A. Galderisi: None. L. Ekhlaspour: None. R. Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. M. Zgorski: None. R.S. Kingman: None. C. Berget: None. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. J.B. OConnor: None. B. Dumais: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. T. Vienneau: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. L.M. Huyett: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. T.T. Ly: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Funding Insulet Corporation
Wireless 3D vertical interconnect with power splitting capability

Power generation reduces at millimeter wave frequencies for emerging system applications, such as 5G. Thus, loss presents many design challenges for complex integrated system design. This paper proposes to alleviate loss associated with vertical interconnects used in such systems. A wireless equal split 3D vertical power divider that offers very low loss is presented. Two near field beams, produced by one source element and a novel frequency selective surface (FSS), are detected by individual receive elements of the same type. This design is scalable, modeled at 13.5GHz and 60GHz. A 13.5GHz scale model is demonstrated for validation. Simulated insertion loss coefficient at 13.5GHz is 3.24dB, with bandwidth of 5.5%. Modeled and measured results are in good agreement.
Swine Growth Promotion with Antibiotics or Alternatives Increases Antibiotic Resistance Gene Mobility Potential in the Fecal Microbiome

The use of antimicrobials in animal production has been shown to contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, the use alternative growth promoters is increasing and more information is needed on their capability to select for antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the impact of different growth promoters on the pig fecal resistome and microbiome. The growth promoters were carbadox (antibiotic), copper sulfate and zinc oxide (metal) or mushroom powder (natural product). Six pens of seven weanling piglets per treatment were used in a 33-day growth trial. Fecal samples were taken from one median weight female and male pig per pen, samples from the same pen were pooled, and DNA was isolated. Relative antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) abundances were measured using high-throughput qPCR array with 382 primers and the bacterial community composition was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Only modest changes were observed in community structure and resistome in response to growth promoters, but more ARGs were co-occurring with MGEs in growth promoter group samples than in the control group samples. The taxonomic structure could not be linked to resistome structure in the growth promoter groups. These results suggest that horizontal gene transfer might be more important mechanism in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in response to growth promotion than the selection of resistant bacteria. Thus, ARG mobility should be taken into account when designing new antimicrobial use policies and antimicrobial resistance surveillances.
The State of Social Media Policies in Higher Education

This paper presents an analysis of the current state of development of social media policies at institution of higher education. Content analysis of social media policies for all institutions listed in the Carnegie Classification Data File revealed that less than one-quarter of institutions had an accessible social media policy. Analysis was done by institution and campus unit, finding that social media policies were most likely to appear at doctorate-granting institutions and health, athletics, and library units. Policies required that those affiliated with the institution post appropriate content, represent the unit appropriately, and moderate conversations with coworkers and external agencies. This analysis may inform the development and revision of social media policies across the field of higher education, taking into consideration the rapidly changing landscape of social media, issues of academic freedom, and notions of interoperability with policies at the unit and campus levels.
Mixed Mode Evaluation of Different Grinding Depths in FRPC Repairs

Variations in repair parameters and techniques have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of repaired fiberglass reinforced composite materials. A common method to repair damaged fiberglass wind turbine blades is to conduct hand layup repairs after grinding out the damaged portion. In one sided repair, the ply to which the damage extends depth wise is usually ground off completely and repairs are conducted on the top surface of the next ply. The scope of this work was to observe the effect on repair fracture toughness values when repairs are conducted with this top ply ground off partially. Mixed mode I–mode II testing was carried out on repaired fiberglass composite materials to determine the crack initiation fracture toughness values of two kinds of repairs; one with the top ply intact and other with the top ply partially ground off. The results from this testing were compared to those obtained from mode I testing conducted on similar repairs.
Turbulence Interaction with Atmospheric Physical Processes

This article reviews the planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) turbulence and its interactions with atmospheric processes. We show three examples: turbulence response to surface heating and cooling over lands, effects of ocean waves, and interactions with radiation and cloud microphysics.We also show how computational fluid dynamics methods are used to gain fundamental understanding of these interactions mostly under idealized environments. For certain practical applications in which idealized conditions may not apply, a brute-force method may be needed to explicitly simulate the turbulence interaction. One way is to nest a large-eddy simulation domain inside a weather forecast model, and to allow for turbulence feedback to other physical processes. This numerical method sounds straightforward but poses two major problems. We suggest a systematic approach to examine the problems.
Built Environments and the Anthropology of Space

Analysis of human interaction with and interpretations of the surrounding physical world has been of fundamental interest for anthropology since its emergence as a discipline in the nineteenth century. The comparative description of homes, monumental spaces, and worked landscapes has provided foundations for social and cultural analysis and facilitated early exchanges with archaeology, architecture history, and linguistics. Over time, changes in the lives of those with whom anthropologists work and the concomitant expansion of urban anthropologies have promoted new questions as well as expanding interactions with geography, social theory, urban studies and gender, class, ethnic, and cultural studies while engaging anthropologists in wider public participation. Future anthropologies of space and place should continue to build on these methodological, data and theoretical heritages, including fieldwork and global comparisons, while expanding interdisciplinarity and engaging civic perspectives. Building on these foundations, anthropologists will need to address environmental concerns in their broadest scope. They will also grapple with the methodological and theoretical challenges of changing mobilities and similarly analyze rapidly evolving (electronic) mediations and virtual spaces and communities while sharing this knowledge in wider academic and public discussions. Keywords: anthropology; architecture; space; environment; media; mobility; social theory
Banting, Sir Frederick Grant (1891–1941)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Banting, Sir Frederick Grant (Nobel prize for physiology or medicine in 1923)
Characterization of K Currents in Cultured Human Corporal Smooth Muscle Cells

In order to gain more mechanistic insight into the regulation of corporal smooth muscle tone, we conducted electrophysiological studies on homogeneous explant cell cultures of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Patch clamp analyses in the whole cell mode revealed a mean resting potential of -43 +/- 4.9 m V (n = 12 cells). Large whole cell outward K currents were very prominent in these cells, and ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 nA. In some cells, a transient, voltage-dependent A current accounted for a significant portion of the observed whole cell currents. Furthermore, stimulation with the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 or the K channel agonist pinacidil doubled the magnitude of the whole cell K current, as would be expected for maxi-K (KCa) and metabolically gated K channels (KATP), respectively. Single channel recordings in the detached patch mode consistently revealed the presence of at least two K channels: 1) a KCa channel, with a conductance of approximately 190 pS; and 2) a putative delayed rectifier channel with a conductance of approximately 50 pS. Furthermore, all channel types showed some degree of voltage and/or calcium sensitivity. In conclusion, the large magnitude of the whole cell K currents and the observed K channel heterogeneity indicate a potentially important role for these channels in modulating corporal smooth muscle tone.
The effects of Al on the neutral Mg acceptor impurity in AlxGa1‐xN

High hole concentrations in AlxGa1-xN become increasingly difficult to obtain as the concentration of Al increases. It is well known in GaN and related alloys that hole concentration is directly affected by compensation and extended defects. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we studied the amount of neutral Mg in AlxGa1-xN with x = 0 to 0.28. 0.4-0.9 μm thick Mg-doped AlxGa1-xN films were grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition and annealed at 900 °C anneal in N2. EPR measurements indicate that the amount of neutral Mg decreased by 60% in AlxGa1-xN films for x = 0.18 and 0.28 as compared to x=0.00 and 0.08. Experiments also showed that the lower neutral Mg for higher Al compositions trend did not depend on threading dislocation densities in the range of 3-20x109 cm-2, capping the surface with 5 nm of P+ GaN, or detailed annealing conditions. Additional studies show that oxygen and carbon concentrations are insufficient to account for the decrease in neutral Mg observed in the samples. Although the study cannot isolate the cause for the decrease in neutral Mg, the results clearly demonstrate that the acceptor concentration decreases with increasing Al, providing an additional limitation to achieving high hole densities. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Teachers’ unions and excellence in education: Comment

In a recent article in this journal, Michael Kurth presented what he considered evidence that teachers’ unions impair educational achievement and that what they must do to increase teachers’ salaries is harmful to educational excellence. This comment critically examines Kurth’s misspecified model and the misleadingly defined variables that led to the erroneous empirical support for his conclusion. Our own estimates indicate that states with a high level of collective bargaining had higher SAT scores in 1982.
Corticosterone Sampling of Laying Hens in Different Management Systems

Abstract Plasma corticosterone was measured as a stress indicator of laying hens in different management conditions. Laying hens housed in cages and floor pens were sampled repeatedly in the morning and the afternoon. Plasma corticosterone concentrations of afternoon samples of hens from floor treatments were significantly higher than those from cage treatments, but morning values were not different. These results suggest that management systems, producing subtle adverse conditions for laying hens, are associated with elevated baseline corticosterone levels during the nadir of the diurnal response, whereas peak values may not be affected.
Crithidia fasciculata: Regulation of aerobic fermentation by malic enzyme

Abstract Aerobic fermentation, described in many protozoan organisms, was investigated using the nonpathogenic protozoan Crithidia fasciculata . The major end-products of this process were organic acids, particularly succinic acid. Inhibition of malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) ( l -malate: NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) appeared to be integral to the aerobic fermentative process; the enzyme was inhibited in a cumulative manner by oxalacetate, acetyl-coenzyme A and oxalate. Inhibition by oxalate was noncompetitive with respect to both substrate and coenzyme. The inhibition of malic enzyme by oxalacetate and acetyl-coenzyme A appeared to provide a mechanism for the diversion of carbon from oxalacetate to succinate via the fumarase, thereby avoiding recycling to pyruvate. This was corroborated by the demonstration of an inverse relationship between the concentrations of pyruvate and succinate elaborated by this organism.
Curing in Thick Composite Laminates: Experiment and Simulation

Thick part ( > 5 cm) temperature profiles were obtained from a one- dimensional experiment. These results are compared with the predictions of a computer simulation containing improved and existing models for extent of reaction, viscosity and other composite properties of the same resin/fiber system. In particular the simulation recovers the thermal behavior of a 5 cm thick, unidirectional Hercules AS-4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy composite laminate. Application of consolidation pressures based on pre dicted viscosities led to dramatic improvement in void content of a real laminate. The sim ulation is used to investigate important processing variables and changes in chemo rheology and temperature in a thick section laminate during cure. The following results are found: imtial extent of reaction is relatively unimportant; consolidation is important; the peak temperature originates near the surface of the laminate and propagates to the center; asymmetric temperature application changes the viscosity and cure prof...
Displacing Deficit Thinking in School District Leadership

Dans cet article, les auteurs mettent en valeur les effets positifs des politiques educatives de responsabilisation deployees par le gouvernement sur les methodes et activites professionnelles des chefs d'etablissements de cinq ecoles au Texas. Les resutats d'une enquete de grande envergure, sur plusieurs annees ont montre une amelioration importante du rendement et des resultats scolaires chez les enfants de couleur et les enfants issus de milieux defavorises.
Initiation and reactivation of faults during movement over a thrust-fault ramp: numerical mechanical models

Abstract With numerical continuum models, we investigate the effects of fault geometry, fault friction, material properties and anisotropy on the initiation and reactivation of faults in the hanging wall of a thrust-fault ramp. The models use an elastic–plastic, frictional, dilatant, cohesion-softening material, in which deformation may localize as shear bands. With a sharp lower fault bend, backthrust shear bands propagate up from the concentration of differential stress at the fault bend. With a rounded lower fault bend, bedding-parallel shear bands develop above the fault bend in the center of the layer, where differential stress is highest. Friction on the ramp enhances the development of backthrusts, and causes them to initiate at shallower dips. Increased overburden decreases the amount of localization within shear bands and the spacing between them. Shear bands that develop at the lower fault bend are weaker than the surrounding material and are thus potential sites of reactivation during subsequent deformation. Because of this potential reactivation, the style of deformation at the upper fault bend depends on the deformation that accumulates at the lower fault bend. At the upper fault bend, backthrusts are reactivated as extension faults, and are crosscut by more steeply dipping extension faults. Bedding-parallel shear bands are reactivated at the upper fault bend with top-to-the-hinterland sense of shear. Low-angle extension faults are listric into the reactivated bedding-parallel shear bands, producing hinterland-verging extensional duplexes above the upper flat.
A compile time configurable, load time modifyable ocean model

We present a coding style that facilitates programming the primitive equations of oceanography of a general circulation model. This style encorporates a paradigm shift away from coding the approximate equations first, and towards coding the differential equations themselves. Hence it moves towards symbolic manipulation within an existing programming language. However, the symbols are coded in the programming language as well, allowing more control of the model approximations by the user.
Assessment of Color‐Measuring Instruments

The U.S. Army has undertaken a program to develop an instrumental method for assessing the acceptability of textiles for color difference from a standard. This article reports the results of the first phase of the program, an assessment of three commercial color-measuring instruments (Diano Match-Scan, Hunter D-54P-5, Macbeth MS-2000) for objective textile acceptability judgment. It is concluded that the three instruments are essentially equivalent in the precision and accuracy of the measurement of color and color difference using a wide variety of samples, at least over periods of up to seven weeks. All measures of repeatability lead to the conclusion that the uncertainties involved are well below the just-perceptible color difference. Levels of absolute accuracy achieved depend greatly on the details of operation, data treatment, and calibration, but are considered satisfactory for each of the instruments tested. With respect to certain other parameters, the performance of the instruments is less satisfactory. Rejection of the specular component differs significantly among the three, as does the selection of weights for tristimuus calculations. One instrument, as tested, exhibited significant sensitivity to weave orientation in textile samples. Finally, we find that the distributions of tristimulus values obtained with each of the instruments show large deviations from normality, severely limiting the significance of conventional statistical treatment of such data.
On the stability and decomposition of η6-(2-lithiochlorobenzene)tricarbonylchromium(0)

Abstract The decomposition of η 6 -(2-lithiochlorobenzene)tricarbonylchromium(0) (I) was found to follow first order kinetics with k dec  5.1 x 10 -3 min -1 at 0°C, the half life of I being 136 min at 0°C. While this dependence strongly suggests intermediacy of η 6 -(benzyne)tricarbonylchromium, trapping experiments were successful in only low yield.
Derivative techniques in activation analysis

Derivative activation analysis is a technique in which the element or chemical entity to be determined is either replaced or complexed in a preirradiation chemical procedure with another element for which neutron activation analysis has an intrinsically higher sensitivity. Although the technique has many potential applications, the literature of the field is very limited. Examples of recent applications in our laboratory include: determination of P in natural waters, biological reference standards, brain tissue, rocks and coal; determination of Ni in a stony meteorite; determination of T1 in solutions; and speciation of oxygen (e.g., hydroxyl and carbonyl moieties) in coal via 14 MeV neutron activation.
Comparison of Selective Activation of the Abductor Hallucis during Various Exercises

[Purpose] Several exercises aim to strengthen the abductor hallucis (AbdH) of the foot arch which acts as a shock absorber. The purpose of the present study was to compare various exercises designed to strengthen the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) by selectively recruiting the AbdH in order to identify the most effective exercise method. [Subjects] Six males and six females participated in this study. [Methods] We selected and compared 5 exercises, which are known to be effective exercises. [Result] The exercise giving the highest EMG activation was EX 2 (64.43% MVIC). The second highest activation was found in EX 4 (40.50% MVIC). EMG values in EX 1 (40.12% MVIC), EX 4 and EX 5 (34.34% MVIC) were higher than in EX 3 (18.59% MVIC). EX 3 gave the lowest EMG activation of the 5 exercises. [Conclusion] The MLA plays an important role in gait and energy efficiency. Therefore, new exercises should be designed and existing exercises should be extended to incorporate new movements.
Genomic contributions to Mendelian disease

Genomic research has two quite distinct faces. On the one hand, it produces large, curated, reference data sets through numerous networks of investigators for community use—although this aspect has great and widespread utility, it does not inspire per se. On the other hand, it allows an unbiased genome-wide view that is exciting precisely because it habitually uncovers biology that we were hopelessly ignorant about. Consequently, I am sanguine that the search for Mendelian disease genes by exomic and genomic sequencing will produce more than a long and comprehensive list of genes and associated disease mutations. Importantly, we are likely to hear new and surprising biological stories.
Cavitation in model elastomeric composites

Layers of transparent silicone rubber were bonded between two steel spheres or between two parallel steel cylinders, to make simple mechanical models of particle-filled and fibre reinforced elastomers. When the steel end-pieces were pulled apart, visible cavities appeared suddenly in the rubber layer between them, at well-defined tensile loads and displacements. The critical conditions for cavity formation are shown to be in good agreement with a theoretical criterion for the unbounded elastic expansion of a microscopic precursor void within the rubber: that the local triaxial tensile stress attains a value of 5E/6, whereE is Young's modulus for the rubber. When the rubber layer was extremely thin, however, less than about 5% of the steel end-piece diameter, then the stress required to form a cavity was greater than this, and it increased rapidly as the rubber thickness was reduced further.
Wetting kinetics in surface capillary grooves

For V-shaped surface grooves in copper, we have obtained the capillary driven flow kinetics for two liquids: unreactive 1-heptanol and eutectic Sn/Pb solder, which is known to react with copper. We show experimentally that the flow of both liquids in these grooves follows the classical Washburn kinetics, i.e., a Poiseuille flow process, modified to include a dynamic contact angle. Because no subsidiary processes are necessary to fit our data, we propose that in this geometry capillary driven solder flow is too rapid for reaction to provide an appreciable effect. Thus, to observe the effects of Sn/Cu reaction kinetics, the flow rate must be decreased, which the present experiments allow through redesign of the groove geometry and size. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Renormalization group study of the translational diffusion constant for a ring polymer

Abstract The translational diffusion constant for a single, simple ring polymer in the presence of both hydrodynamic and self-avoiding interactions is calculated via the renormalization group to O(ϵ) (ϵ≡4-d, d being the spatial dimensionality).
Regional localization ny light microscopic autoradiography of receptors in mouse brain for phorbol ester tumor promoters

The receptors for the phorbol ester tumor promoters are present in highest concentration in the brain. We have examined the distribution of receptors in mouse brain by light microscopic autoradiography. Marked differences in receptor levels were found both between brain regions and between layers of a single region. Binding was high in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra, lower in thalamus and pons. In cerebellum, binding was high in the stratum moleculare, intermediate in the stratum granulosum and low in the lamina alba. The localization suggests a functional role for the receptors within brain, and it permits comparison with other known activities. For example, the pattern of localization is distinct from those reported for neurotransmitter receptors or for phospholipids.
Lymphocyte chromosome analysis of agricultural workers during extensive occupational exposure to pesticides

Abstract Lymphocyte cultures from 42 pesticide applicators and 16 controls were scrutinized for chromosomal aberrations during the midwinter ebb in pesticide spraying operations, and again during the peak summer period of intense spraying activity. Cultures prepared from the exposed individuals during the heavy spraying period showed a marked increase in the frequency of chromatid lesions. This trend was especially noticeable among workers exposed primarily to herbicides. A few chromatid exchange figures were also noted among the exposed group. Also discussed is the need for better methods of estimating the potential mutagenic threat, if any, of such observed clastogenicity.
Discussion of computer simulation techniques and comparison of languages

A draft of this paper was prepared for the Workshop on Simu lation Languages, Graduate School of Business, Stanford Univer sity, March 6 and 7, 1964. The paper has benefited from sugges tions from participants at the Workshop, particularly Michael Montalbano, and from projects carried out by students in the Graduate School of Business: H. Barnett, H. Guichelaar, Lloyd Krause, John P. Seagel, Charles Turk, Victor Preisser. The paper has also benefited from discussions held in connection with the Workshop on Simulation Languages, University of Pennsylvania, March 17 and 18, 1966.Characteristics of computer languages and software packages change rapidly. Some statements in the paper were originally intended for the situation current in March, 1964. Where signifi cant changes have occurred the text has been modified.
Moving Forward in GME Reform: A 4 + 1 Model of Resident Ambulatory Training

BACKGROUND Traditional ambulatory training models have limitations in important domains, including opportunities for residents to learn, fragmentation of care delivery experience, and satisfaction with ambulatory experiences. New models of ambulatory training are needed.
Influence of E×B and ∇B drift terms in 2-D edge/SOL transport simulations

Classical particle drifts across the magnetic field can play an important role in tokamak edge-plasma transport. The relative influence of these terms is studied for self-consistent simulations by including them, together with anomalous diffusion transport, in a 2-D fluid model of edge-plasma transport for the DIII-D tokamak geometry. The drifts cause asymmetries in the plasma parameters between the inner and outer divertor regions which depend on the direction of the magnetic field, B. The basic results can be understood by dividing the drifts into three categories: diamagnetic, E x B, and ⊇B. The dominant effect near the divertor plates is from the E x B drifts, while the weaker VB drifts cause an increase in the magnitude of the radial electric field inside the magnetic separatrix. The diamagnetic terms, defined here as divergence free, do not contribute to transport.
Specificity of Metal Sensing: Iron and Manganese Homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis

Metalloregulatory proteins allow cells to sense metal ions and appropriately adjust the expression of metal uptake, storage, and efflux pathways. Bacillus subtilis provides a model for the coordinate regulation of iron and manganese homeostasis that involves three key regulators: Fur senses iron sufficiency, MntR senses manganese sufficiency, and PerR senses the intracellular Fe/Mn ratio. Here, I review the structural and physiological bases of selective metal perception, the effects of non-cognate metals, and mechanisms that may serve to coordinate iron and manganese homeostasis.
Wire Aging of Hydrocarbon Gases with TMAE Additions

We report on experimental results describing wire aging properties of the CRID/RICH detectors in the TMAE gas environment. This test used 7, ?m and 33 ?m diameter carbon fibers, and 20 ?m diameter gold-plated tungsten wires as sense wires, and operated in gas mixtures of either CH4 or C2H6 at 1 atm, together wth 0.6 Torr of the photoionizing vapor TMAE (tetrakis dimethylamino ethylene), which serves as a photocathode in the CRID detectors. The wires were damaged by the Fe55 X-rays. This paper is based on irradiation of 20 wires, each being a separate test. The gas purity was consistent with requirements of CRID detectors (< 1 ppm of oxygen, < 1 ppm of water). The test explored the aging as a function of wire diameter, wire material, gas flow, gas temperature, rate of radiation and gas type. Several chemical analyses of the deposit samples were performed (FTIR, ESCA and GC-MS techniques).
Two-level fuzzy inference system for aircraft's structural health monitoring

Structural health monitoring is the process of detecting damages in an engineering structure and identifying location and type of the damage. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of clustering and classification software system for monitoring aircraft structure health status. The integrated software system was broken down into three modules namely; feature extraction, clustering and classification, and decision-fusion module. The feature extraction module was used to extract frequency features from the structural vibration data. The clustering and classification module was used to group the extracted sets of features into homogeneous classes of similar features. Finally, the decision-fusion module was used to fuse decisions made by multiple monitoring systems and produce more trustworthy decisions than the decisions made by a single clustering and classification module. The software system was developed based on fuzzy system with multiple inference engines. Finally, the developed health monitoring system was tested on data collected from experimental setup conducted on a simple structure with four bolts and four sensors. The test results of the developed software system will be reported and presented in this paper.
Futility sustains memory T cells

Memory T cells display a distinct metabolic profile compared to effector T cells. In this issue of Immunity, O'Sullivan et al. (2014) report that memory T cells activate a "futile cycle" of de novo fatty-acid synthesis and concurrent fatty-acid oxidation to generate ATP for cell survival.
Hemispheric Laterality Differences among Four Levels of Reading Achievement.

80 male children between the ages of 8 and 10 yr. were divided into four groups on the basis of their reading ages. 20 words were tachistoscopically presented to the left and right visual half-fields to determine if incomplete hemispheric laterality is associated with all levels of reading deficiency or only with the more severe cases. The results support the hypothesis that incomplete hemispheric laterality is only associated with reading deficiency when the deficit exceeds 18 mo.
Reduced order controllers for smart structural systems

The application of robust control theory, H2 and H(infinity ) controls, on the active control of smart structural systems results in higher order controllers. The implementations of these controllers need complex hardware and more power and is difficult to embed in the structure. In this paper, we present two lower-order controller design methods, indirect and direct methods. For indirect method, using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the full order strictly proper controller with output limitations is first synthesized for given control objectives, bounded H(infinity ) or H2 system norm. The full order controller is then reduced to a lower-order controller by a LMI based model reduction method for minimal H(infinity ) norm reduction error. For direct method, the fixed-order controller synthesis conditions are represented by LMIs with an additional nonconvex rank constraint. To utilize efficient computational tool for numerical solutions of convex LMIs, we relax the rank condition to a convex optimization. Although this relaxation can not fully solve the rank condition, in most cases, it gives a controller with lower-order. The proposed methods are tested on an experimental three-mass structure with PZT sensors and actuators. These two methods are compared based on the simulation and experimental results.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Information Communication Technology planning in developing countries

This article explores major issues related to Information Communication Technology (ICT) in education and technology planning. Using the diffusion of innovation theory, the authors examine technology planning opportunities and challenges in Developing countries (DCs,) technology planning trends in schools, and existing technology planning models in schools districts in Dcs. Ideally, this article is intended to advance the discussion grounded on the premise that teaching is not effective without the appropriate use of information and communication technologies resources to facilitate student learning.
Properties of an integral operator preserved under pointwise multiplication of its kernel by a function

Let K be a kernel that determines an integral operator on some space of functions, and let H be a function. This paper investigates conditions under which certain properties of the integral operator determined by K (especially compactness properties) also hold for the integral operator determined by HK.
Piezoelectric resonating structures for microelectronic cooling

The design of piezoelectric resonating structures was investigated for generating acoustic streaming which may be used for cooling microelectronic components. The vibration characteristics of different piezoelectric structures were simulated by the finite element method and validated with analytical approaches. Considering the product of resonance frequency and dynamic tip deflection as a performance merit, the effects of length and location of the actuators as well as the boundary conditions were analyzed for four different piezoelectric resonator designs. Results show that there exist optimal length and location of actuators on the passive structures.
The multifocus plenoptic camera

The focused plenoptic camera is based on the Lippmann sensor: an array of microlenses focused on the pixels of a conventional image sensor. This device samples the radiance, or plenoptic function, as an array of cameras with large depth of field, focused at a certain plane in front of the microlenses. For the purpose of digital refocusing (which is one of the important applications) the depth of field needs to be large, but there are fundamental optical limitations to this. The solution of the above problem is to use and array of interleaved microlenses of different focal lengths, focused at two or more different planes. In this way a focused image can be constructed at any depth of focus, and a really wide range of digital refocusing can be achieved. This paper presents our theory and results of implementing such camera. Real world images are demonstrating the extended capabilities, and limitations are discussed.
Teaching English as a second or foreign language : an annotated bibliography of journals in the field

The field of teaching English as a second or foreign language has become increasingly important at colleges and universities. Academic libraries must provide TESL students and professionals with an adequate selection of journals in the field. This annotated bibliography and summary chart of TESL‐related journals will aid collection development librarians in evaluating and building their collection, provide TESL students with an overview of available professional journals, and help TESL faculty and professionals identify journals in which to publish articles.
Sequence-Specific Inhibition of a Nonspecific Protease

A nonspecific exopeptidase, aminopeptidase N (APN), is inhibited sequence-specifically by a synthetic host, cucurbit[7]uril (Q7), which binds with high affinity and specificity to N-terminal phenylalanine (Phe) and 4-(aminomethyl)phenylalanine (AMPhe) and prevents their removal from the peptide. Liquid chromatography experiments demonstrated that in the presence of excess Q7, APN quantitatively converts the pentapeptides Thr-Gly-Ala-X-Met into the dipeptides X-Met (X = Phe, AMPhe). The resulting Q7-bound products are completely stable to proteolytic digestion for at least 24 h. Structure–activity studies revealed a direct correlation between the extent of protection of an N-terminal amino acid and its affinity for Q7. Therefore, Q7 provides predictable sequence-specificity to an otherwise nonspecific protease and enables the production of a single peptide product. Conversely, APN uncovers a high-affinity epitope that is subsequently bound by Q7, and thus this approach should also facilitate the molecular ...
Comment on “Xeno's paradox”

In a recent issue of EMBO reports, Philip Hunter evaluated the current status and future of xenotransplantation, which is driven largely by “a serious shortage of transplant organs for use in patients with critical organ failure as the result of accident or disease” (Hunter, 2009). But this shortage is largely artificial: it is caused by the unwillingness of most humans to donate their organs after they die. It could be addressed effectively if governments passed laws that allowed surgeons to harvest organs without the consent of the deceased or their relatives. An immediate reaction to such a proposal is that such laws would represent an extreme, even authoritarian, infringement on a person's right to bodily integrity. However, this stance must be weighed against the state's preeminent interest in the lives and well‐being of its citizens. The …
Differential regulation of human hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) liver inhibitory and liver activating proteins

Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is important for oxidative xenobiotic metabolism, but regulation of the FMO3 gene remains poorly understood. FMO3 is not expressed in HepG2 cells, a commonly employed model for hepatic gene regulation studies. Transcription factor transient expression and treatment with histone deacetylase or DNA methylase inhibitors identified decreased hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 4alpha levels and DNA hypermethylation as mechanisms suppressing HepG2 FMO3 expression. The absence of major deficiencies in transcriptional machinery suggested that within limits, the HepG2 model is suitable for the study of FMO3 regulation. DNA-protein binding studies with HepG2 cell and hepatic tissue nuclear protein extracts and reporter construct transient expression experiments were performed to characterize FMO3 sequences from position -494 to -439 (domain I), previously demonstrated to significantly impact promoter function. Although both HNF3beta and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) were observed to specifically interact with this element using HepG2 cell nuclear proteins, only C/EBP DNA-protein interactions were observed using adult liver nuclear proteins. No specific DNA/protein interactions were observed using fetal liver nuclear proteins. Mutation of a putative HNF3beta element had no effect on FMO3 promoter activity, while mutagenesis of a distinct, but overlapping C/EBP element resulted in a 55% reduction in activity. Furthermore, promoter activity was regulated as a function of defined C/EBPbeta liver activating protein:liver inhibitory protein ratios through this same element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated C/EBPbeta binding to the FMO3 domain I element in intact cells and adult liver tissue. These results are consistent with C/EBPbeta being important for regulating hepatic FMO3 expression.