cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of ecogeographic variables on genetic variation in montane mammals: implications for conservation in a global warming scenario

Aim Evolutionary theory predicts that levels of genetic variation in island populations will be positively correlated with island area and negatively correlated with island isolation. These patterns have been empirically established for oceanic islands, but little is known about the determinants of variation on habitat islands. The goals of this study were twofold. Our first aim was to test whether published patterns of genetic variation in mammals occurring on montane habitat islands in the American Southwest conformed to expectations based on evolutionary theory. The second aim of this research was to develop simple heuristic models to predict changes in genetic variation that may occur in these populations as a result of reductions in available mountaintop habitat in response to global warming. Location Habitat islands of conifer forest on mountaintops in the American Southwest. Methods Relationships between island area and isolation with measures of allozyme variation in four species of small mammal, namely the least chipmunk (Tamias minimus), Colorado chipmunk (Tamias quadrivittatus), red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), and Mexican woodrat (Neotoma mexicana), were determined using correlation and regression techniques. Significant relationships between island area and genetic variation were used to develop three distinct statistical models with which to predict changes in genetic variation following reduction in insular habitat area arising from global warming. Results Patterns of genetic variation in each species conformed to evolutionary predictions. In general, island area was the most important determinant of heterozygosity, while island isolation was the most important determinant of polymorphism and allelic diversity. The heuristic models predicted widespread reductions in genetic variation, the extent of which depended on the population and model considered. Main conclusions The results support a generalized pattern of genetic variation for any species with an insular distribution, with reduced variation in smaller, more isolated populations. We predict widespread reductions in genetic variation in isolated populations of montane small mammals in the American Southwest as a result of global warming. We conclude that climate-induced reductions in the various dimensions of genetic variation may increase the probability of population extinction in both the short and long term.
T4 but not T3 administration is associated with increased recurrence of Graves' disease after successful medical therapy.

TSH has been incriminated in Graves’ disease for increasing the production of antibodies against TSH receptor (TRAb). It has been, therefore, suggested that T4 administration after successful antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment may indirectly decrease the production of TRAb and, therefore, the frequency of recurrence of hyperthyroidism. To study the role of T4 and T3 on the recurrence rate of Graves’ disease 108 patients with Graves’ disease (22 males, age: 49.8±14.3 yr, mean±SD, and 86 females, age: 41.7±12 yr) were followed-up for 24 months after successful treatment with ATD (carbimazole). During the follow-up period, patients daily received either 100 μg T4 or 25 μg T3 or placebo after random and double-blinded assignment into three groups. They were evaluated trimonthly up to 12 months and at 24 months. Plasma TRAb levels were measured at the beginning and at 12 months. At 12 months of the follow-up period, 14 out of 33 (42.4%), 6 out of 38 (15.8%), and 9 out of 37 (24.3%) patients receiving T4, T3 and placebo, respectively, recurred. Recurrence rate of T4-treated patients was statistically higher than that of the T3-treated patients or controls (p<0.05). At the beginning of the follow-up period patients who were going to recur had significantly higher TRAb levels and goiter weight than patients who were not (p<0.05). At 24 months of the follow-up period, from the patients who did not drop out of the study, none out of 11 (0%), 2 out of 19 (10.5%) and 1 out of 12 (8.3%) receiving T4, T3 and placebo, respectively, recurred. We conclude that T4 administration after successful ATD treatment of Graves’ disease is associated with increased recurrence of hyperthyroidism as compared to the T3 or placebo administration. High TRAb levels and goiter weight at the end of ATD treatment may hint at recurrence.
Evolving role of aldosterone blockers alone and in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertension management: a review of mechanistic and clinical data

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an integral role in blood pressure regulation and has long been a target of pharmacologic approaches to controlling blood pressure. Traditionally, clinical interventions involving the RAAS have focused mainly on inhibiting the action of angiotensin II with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, and limited attention has been devoted to direct inhibition of the action of aldosterone. Recent advances in understanding the role of aldosterone in cardiovascular injury have elevated the importance of direct inhibition of the action of this hormone in the long-term control of blood pressure and have led to the development of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone. This article reviews the role of the RAAS in the development of hypertension and discusses the rationale for the use of eplerenone with other medications affecting the RAAS to control blood pressure.
T cell repertoire complexity is conserved after LLME treatment of donor lymphocyte infusions.

Abstract Slow reconstitution of the T cell repertoire after allogeneic blood or bone marrow stem cell transplantation is a major risk factor for patient mortality. The delivery of immunocompetent T cells as delayed donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) is a potential way of counteracting this problem. The development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potential complication of this procedure, however. We previously found that in P→F1 haploidentical murine models, the ex-vivo treatment of donor lymphocytes with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLME) can prevent the onset of GVHD after DLI, likely by inducing cell death in most of the perforin-positive CD8+ T cells and in a fraction of CD4+ T cells. Our previous preclinical studies have formed the basis of an ongoing phase I clinical trial in which patients received LLME-treated DLI from their original donor in an attempt to accelerate T cell reconstitution. To understand how this treatment strategy might affect the complexity of the DLI T cell repertoire, we used T cell receptor Vβ spectratype analysis to evaluate the DLI product pre-LLME and post-LLME treatment. The results indicated that the LLME-treated DLI product exhibited CDR3-size distribution complexities similar to those of its untreated donor sample. In addition, comparisons of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell repertoire from the donor before LLME treatment with that of the recipient post-DLI demonstrated equal complexity for most of the resolvable Vβ families. Finally, the in vitro proliferative capacity of LLME-treated DLI product in response to allo-stimulation in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction was comparable to that of the untreated product.
The Return of Nature: Sustaining Architecture in the Face of Sustainability

Edited by Preston Scott Cohen and Erika NaginskiRoutledge, 2014238 pages$49.95 (softcover)Historian Antoine Picon begins his contribution to The Return of Nature with the following statement: “The ...
Does Zonal Aganglionosis Really Exist? Report of a Rare Variety of Hirschsprung's Disease and Review of the Literature

The aganglionic segment of intestine in Hirschsprung's disease begins at the anus and extends proximally for a distance that varies from case to case. Occasional reports describe patients in whom the aganglionosis is segmental, with normal distal innervation or a skip area of normal innervation within an area of aganglionosis. This paper describes 4 patients with Hirschsprung's disease wherein a segment of normally innervated colon was found in an otherwise aganglionic colon. Two of these patients were siblings with different fathers. Problems encountered in the management of these patients are detailed. In a critical review of the literature, 2 additional male patients with well-documented zonal aganglionosis were identified. Although variations from the usual morphology or Hirschsprung's disease do exist, they are so rare that they merit clinical consideration only when the anatomic record and the clinical course are in obvious disagreement. Rectal biopsy remains the best method for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Depletion Impacts Chaperone Secretion, Innate Immunity, and Phagocytic Uptake of Cells

A number of immunological functions are ascribed to cell surface-expressed forms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone calreticulin (CRT). In this study, we examined the impact of ER stress-inducing drugs upon cell surface CRT induction and the resulting immunological consequences. We showed that cell surface expression of CRT and secretion of CRT, BiP, gp96, and PDI were induced by thapsigargin (THP) treatment, which depletes ER calcium, but not by tunicamycin treatment, which inhibits protein glycosylation. Surface expression of CRT in viable, THP-treated fibroblasts correlated with their enhanced phagocytic uptake by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Incubation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with THP-treated fibroblasts enhanced sterile IL-6 production and LPS-induced generation of IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α. However, extracellular CRT is not required for enhanced proinflammatory responses. Furthermore, the pattern of proinflammatory cytokine induction by THP-treated cells and cell supernatants resembled that induced by THP itself and indicated that other ER chaperones present in supernatants of THP-treated cells also do not contribute to induction of the innate immune response. Thus, secretion of various ER chaperones, including CRT, is induced by ER calcium depletion. CRT, previously suggested as an eat-me signal in dead and dying cellular contexts, can also promote phagocytic uptake of cells subject to ER calcium depletion. Finally, there is a strong synergy between calcium depletion in the ER and sterile IL-6, as well as LPS-dependent IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α innate responses, findings that have implications for understanding inflammatory diseases that originate in the ER.
Real Time Simulation of Conductivity in River-Lake Systems

Conductivity is modeled in real time in a natural water system using the finite section method. Dispersion coefficients are estimated using methods available in the literature. Calibration is performed together with sensitivity analyses. Small scale effects are defined by a dye study. The resultant model is eventually used in the construction of system models describing the transport and fate of various pollutants in the Ford Lake - Melleville Lake (Mich.) System.
Automobile Bankruptcies, Retiree Benefits, and the Futility of Springing Priorities in Chapter 11 Reorganizations

Both Chrysler and GM used asset sales under section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code as a way to avoid the more cumbersome chapter 11 plan process. The strategic use of section 363 asset sales in reorganization cases is becoming so common that some courts and commentators predict that the asset-sale route to a chapter 11 plan confirmation may soon supplant the traditional chapter 11 plan process. While some have decried section 363 sales as contrary to the voting system and other procedural safeguards inherent in a standard chapter 11 confirmation, this Essay argues that the section 363 asset-sale development is a natural consequence of the Bankruptcy Code being weighed down by a “springing” (or bankruptcy-only) priority of retiree medical benefits. Not only are springing priorities counterproductive to a company’s reorganization process, but they are also not even particularly effective for the priority’s recipients in the end, as both the Chrysler and GM cases demonstrated with retiree medical benefits.
Point Defects in Doped and Undoped Hgl−xCdxTe Alloys

Using a law of mass action approach in which lattice defects are treated as chemical species, the variation of the defect concentrations as a function of the physicochemical conditions of preparation has been established via measurements of electrical characteristics which are directly related to the defect concentrations.
Evaluating color calibration kits with virtual display

ABSTRACT Routine color calibration is imperative for medical applica tions that rely on color fidelity such as digital pathology, endoscopy, and colposcopy. However, commercially available products vary greatly in price and performance with no available evaluation standard. Related studies have used only one or a few displays to evaluate the performance of color calibration kits. We propose the concept of Virtual Display, a universal display platform that emulates the colorimetric response of real displays. A wide -color -gamut display driven by an FPGA is used to emulate the color imetric response of real display devices. By changing the look -up tables in the FPGA, the virtual display emulates various real displays for testing different color calibrati on kits. Our experimental data for 6 real displays show that the virtual display ca n emulate real displays reasonably well. The results demonstrate that the proposed virtual display approach is a fast, economical, and objective method for evaluating the performance of color calibration kits. Keywords: Color calibration kit, FPGA, primar y stability, color management, color display, medical display.
Current Sino-Soviet Military Relations

The split between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is now a major feature of the world's geopolitical landscape, one that affects not only Sino-Soviet relations, but also East-West relations as a whole. It is thus crucial to understand the development and scope of the military confrontation that has emerged between the USSR and the PRC. The purpose of this paper is to examine the military aspect of Sino-Soviet relations as expressed in the USSR's arms buildup in the Far East as well as Chinese responses to the Soviet threat, ranging from the modification of Mao Tse-tung's People's War doctrine to the implementation of People's War under Modern Conditions through reform and modernization.
Electrophoretic Heterogeneity and Interstrain Variation of the Lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from 50 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae by a rapid micromethod and was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. LPS isolated by this method was electrophoretically indistinguishable from conventionally purified LPS but lacked the large degree of heterogeneity indicative of variable polymerization of O-side-chain repeating units; one to four bands appeared in gels. Electrophoretic profiles of LPS from H influenzae type b varied among strains and were useful for subtyping. Thirty-three isolates of type b were classified into 11 subtypes on the basis of stable band mobilities. Certain isolates of identical outer-membrane-protein subtype differed in LPS subtype. The LPS profiles of non-b, typable strains of H influenzae were generally similar in microheterogeneity to those of type b strains, while those of untypable isolates usually displayed less electrophoretic variation.
DIFFERENTIAL SUCCESS OF POLLEN DONORS IN A SELF-COMPATIBLE LILY.

If pollen donors are equally effective at siring seeds, the presence of equal proportions of pollen from two pollen donors on a stigma will lead to equal proportions of seeds sired by each pollen donor. Variation in germination rates, pollen-tube growth, and embryo viability may cause one donor to sire more seed than another. We looked for differential donor success in the field by simultaneously applying equal amounts of pollen from two pollen donors. We simultaneously applied equal amounts of self and outcross pollen to receptive stigmas and simultaneously applied pollen from two donors at different physical distances from the recipient. Following simultaneous application of self and outcross pollen, significantly more of the seeds were sired by outcross pollen donors. Seed set following simultaneous application of two outcross donors was also nonrandom. Pollen donors from 100 m were more likely to sire seeds when competing with pollen from plants nearby (1 m). To determine whether pollen-tube growth rates were responsible for these patterns of paternity, we varied the timing of deposition of outcross pollen allowing self pollen tubes a head start on the stigma. Outcross pollen was applied 3 or 24 h after self pollen. In spite of this time delay, the majority of the seeds were again sired by outcross pollen. There was no significant difference in the amount of seeds sired by self pollen between the two delay treatments. This result suggests that mechanisms operating after ovule fertilization may contribute to the discordance between the proportions of the pollen present and the proportions of seeds sired.
Study on process of brown rice tea drink

The brown rice was baked, crushed, gelatinized, enzymatic hydrolyzed twice, and then centrifuged to make rice soup. Green tea powder and other additives were added to the rice soup, which was diluted twice, to make rice tea drink. Orthogonal experiments were designed to determine the hydrolysis conditions and drink formula. The first optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolyzation were gotten by adding 0.06% α-amylase at 90 ℃ for 6 minutes. The second optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolyzation were obtained by adding 0.04% β-amylase and 0.04% glucoamylase at 50 ℃ for 100min. The optimum formula was: green tea powder 0.2%, CMC-Na 0.2%, citric acid 0.02% and sodium cyclamate 0.05%.
Intraarticular Morphine Overdose: The Role of the Perioperative Physician.

Dear Editor, Achieving adequate pain control after surgery has been linked to higher patient satisfaction, decreased incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting, fewer unplanned hospital admissions, decreased length of inpatient stays, earlier return of function, and has become a major focus of perioperative medicine [4–6]. While we have made significant strides in the science and technique of pain medicine, we continue to witness reports of medication errors (MEs) causing devastating harm to patients [7]. Every year, 1.5 million preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) occur within the United States. Of these ADEs, approximately 380,000 to 450,000 occur within a hospital setting. The consequences of medication errors are significant to the patients, their families, the health care system, and to the economy [1,2], [3,13]. Investigators have shown that opiate analgesics are among the most commonly implicated drugs causing MEs [14,15]. We report the first documented case of intraoperative intraarticular morphine overdose leading to postoperative respiratory compromise. A 61-year-old female with past medical history significant for obesity (BMI 34) presented for arthroscopic right rotator cuff repair, subacromial decompression, and distal clavicle excision. The preoperative anesthetic plan was to provide postoperative analgesia using a single-shot regional block prior to surgery. However, due to surgical preference and concern for case delay, the surgical team requested proceeding without regional anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced; 50 mcg of fentanyl was administered during induction …
Fitness costs of animal medication: antiparasitic plant chemicals reduce fitness of monarch butterfly hosts

Summary The emerging field of ecological immunology demonstrates that allocation by hosts to immune defence against parasites is constrained by the costs of those defences. However, the costs of non-immunological defences, which are important alternatives to canonical immune systems, are less well characterized. Estimating such costs is essential for our understanding of the ecology and evolution of alternative host defence strategies. Many animals have evolved medication behaviours, whereby they use antiparasitic compounds from their environment to protect themselves or their kin from parasitism. Documenting the costs of medication behaviours is complicated by natural variation in the medicinal components of diets and their covariance with other dietary components, such as macronutrients. In the current study, we explore the costs of the usage of antiparasitic compounds in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), using natural variation in concentrations of antiparasitic compounds among plants. Upon infection by their specialist protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, monarch butterflies can selectively oviposit on milkweed with high foliar concentrations of cardenolides, secondary chemicals that reduce parasite growth. Here, we show that these antiparasitic cardenolides can also impose significant costs on both uninfected and infected butterflies. Among eight milkweed species that vary substantially in their foliar cardenolide concentration and composition, we observed the opposing effects of cardenolides on monarch fitness traits. While high foliar cardenolide concentrations increased the tolerance of monarch butterflies to infection, they reduced the survival rate of caterpillars to adulthood. Additionally, although non-polar cardenolide compounds decreased the spore load of infected butterflies, they also reduced the life span of uninfected butterflies, resulting in a hump-shaped curve between cardenolide non-polarity and the life span of infected butterflies. Overall, our results suggest that the use of antiparasitic compounds carries substantial costs, which could constrain host investment in medication behaviours.
(t,3He) reactions on 40,42,44Ca, 46,48,50Ti, 54Cr, and 54Fe.

The $^{40}$,42,44Ca, $^{46}$,48,50Ti, $^{54}\mathrm{Cr}$, and $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$ (t${,}^{3}$He) reactions have been studied at ${E}_{\mathrm{t}}$=25 MeV. Differential cross sections have been measured in the angular range ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=5.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The angular distributions have been compared with coupled-channels calculations. J $^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments have been made to a number of states in the residual nuclei $^{40}$,42,44K, $^{46}$,48,50Sc, $^{54}\mathrm{V}$, and $^{54}\mathrm{Mn}$.
What Is A Priori Knowledge

[W]e will understand by a priori cognitions not those that occur independently of this or that experience, but rather those that occur absolutely independently of all experience. Opposed to these are empirical cognitions, or those that are possible only a posteriori, i.e., through experience.... Experience teaches us, to be sure, that something is constituted thus and so, but not that it could not be otherwise. First, then, if a proposition is thought along with its necessity, then it is an a priori judgment;.... Second: Experience never gives its judgments true or strict but only assumed and comparative universality (through induction), so properly it must be said: as far as we have perceived, there is no exception to this or that rule. Thus if a judgment is thought in strict universality, i.e., in such a way that no exception is allowed to be possible, then it is not derived from experience, but is rather valid absolutely a priori.... Necessity and strict universality are therefore secure indicators (Kennzeichen) of an a priori cognition, and also belong together inseparably. But since in their use it is sometimes easier to show the empirical limitation in judgments than contingency in them, or is often more plausible to show the unrestricted universality that we ascribe to a judgment than its necessity, it is advisable to employ separately these two criteria, each of which is infallible.
How Should Income from Multinationals Be Taxed

What do optimal tax models imply about how multinationals should be taxed? How can we best explain the difference between actual policies and the optimal policies implied by existing theories? These questions are becoming increasingly salient, given the growing importance of multinationals in the global economy.
Michael Schudson, The Rise of the Right to Know, Politics and the Culture of Transparency, 1945-1975

A swarm of research has been buzzing around subjects such as WikiLeaks (and other platforms of digital disclosure), open government initiatives, and antisecrecy advocacy. While communication scholars explicate their theoretical implications and assess their practical effects, the causal factors that helped spur their development (and social acceptance) have received little attention. Our field urgently needed a text that, rather than taking for granted the artifacts of today’s culture of transparency, puts this culture in a historical and sociological context. The latest book by Michael Schudson valuably fills this need by examining a set of social, political, and cultural shifts from the Cold War era, which propelled a new model of democracy in which people could, as never before, expect “freedom of information” and transparency from their government.
Virtual appliances in the collective: a road to hassle-free computing

This paper describes the vision of the Collective, a compute utility which runs internet services as well as the highly interactive applications we run on desktop computers today. As part of this vision, we wish to shift the burden of administering the desktops from users to professionals. To decrease the cost of administering systems, we find inspiration in the reliability and maintainability of network-connected computer appliances. We argue for structuring our software as a group of networked appliances, each appliance virtualized on a virtual machine monitor. We show how to run virtual appliances in the Collective system and examine some ways in which individuals and groups may adopt virtual appliances.
Social Media, Science, and Attack Discourse: How Twitter Discussions of Climate Change Use Sarcasm and Incivility:

Conflict in online discussions of science has the potential to polarize individuals’ perceptions of science, yet science communication scholarship has paid little attention to systematic study of h...
Pediatric Pituitary Adenoma: Case Series, Review of the Literature, and a Skull Base Treatment Paradigm.

Background Pediatric pituitary adenoma is a rare skull base neoplasm, accounting for 3% of all intracranial neoplasms in children and 5% of pituitary adenomas. Compared with pituitary tumors in adults, secreting tumors predominate and longer disease trajectories are expected due to the patient age resulting in a natural history and treatment paradigm that is complex and controversial. Objectives The aims of this study were to describe a large, single-institution series of pediatric pituitary adenomas with extensive long-term follow-up and to conduct a systematic review examining outcomes after pituitary adenoma surgery in the pediatric population. Methods The study cohort was compiled by searching institutional pathology and operative reports using diagnosis and site codes for pituitary and sellar pathology, from 1956 to 2016. Systematic review of the English language literature since 1970 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar. Results Thirty-nine surgically managed pediatric pituitary adenomas were identified, including 15 prolactinomas, 14 corticotrophs, 7 somatotrophs, and 4 non-secreting adenomas. All patients underwent transsphenoidal resection (TSR) as the initial surgical treatment. Surgical cure was achieved in 18 (46%); 21 experienced recurrent/persistent disease, with secondary treatments including repeat surgery in 10, radiation in 14, adjuvant pharmacotherapy in 11, and bilateral adrenalectomy in 3. At the last follow-up (median 87 months, range 3–581), nine remained with recurrent/persistent disease (23%). Thirty-seven publications reporting surgical series of pediatric pituitary adenomas were included, containing 1,284 patients. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors were most prevalent (43%), followed by prolactin (PRL)-secreting (37%), growth hormone (GH)-secreting (12%), and nonsecreting (7%). Surgical cure was reported in 65%. Complications included pituitary insufficiency (23%), permanent visual dysfunction (6%), chronic diabetes insipidus (DI) (3%), and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (4%). Mean follow-up was 63 months (range 0–240), with recurrent/persistent disease reported in 18% at the time of last follow-up. Conclusion Pediatric pituitary adenomas are diverse and challenging tumors with complexities far beyond those encountered in the management of routine adult pituitary disease, including nuanced decision-making, a technically demanding operative environment, high propensity for recurrence, and the potentially serious consequences of hypopituitarism with respect to fertility and growth potential in a pediatric population. Optimal treatment requires a high degree of individualization, and patients are most likely to benefit from consolidated, multidisciplinary care in highly experienced centers.
BG: A scalable benchmark for interactive social networking actions

Abstract BG is a benchmark that rates a data store for processing interactive social networking actions such as view a member profile and extend a friend invitation to a member. It elevates the amount of stale, inconsistent, and erroneous (termed unpredictable) data produced by a data store to a first class metric, quantifying it as a part of the benchmarking phase. It summarizes the performance of a data store in one metric, Social Action Rating (SoAR). SoAR is defined as the highest throughput provided by a data store while satisfying a pre-specified service level agreement, SLA. To rate the fastest data stores, BG scales both vertically and horizontally, generating a higher number of requests per second as a function of additional CPU cores and nodes. This is realized using a shared-nothing architecture in combination with two multi-node execution paradigms named Integrated DataBase (IDB) and Disjoint DataBase (D2B). An evaluation of these paradigms shows the following tradeoffs. While the D2B scales superlinearly as a function of nodes, it may not evaluate data stores that employ client-side caching objectively. IDB provides two alternative execution paradigms, Retain and Delegate, that might be more appropriate. However, they fail to scale as effectively as D2B. We show elements of these two paradigms can be combined to realize a hybrid framework that scales almost as effectively as D2B while exercising the capabilities of certain classes of data stores as objectively as IDB.
Turnings: Toward an Agonistic Progressivism

INTRODUCTION It is remarkable just how many of our educational debates ultimately resolve into the same basic dilemma: should the student follow the direction of the teacher, or should the teacher follow the lead of the student? That we are tired of this distinction, and the labels “traditional” and “progressive” that typically mark it, does nothing to lessen its grip on us. While it might appear that this debate has finally ended, since a broadly progressive view does seem to have won the day in the majority of teacher education programs, this ignores the crucial fact that the traditional view seems alive and well in the schools themselves. As evidence for this I cite what I take to be an observable fact: at this very moment, thousands of small children are delightedly practicing classroom management techniques on their even smaller siblings. Whether we read this simply as an innocent rehearsal of the day’s events or, following Freud, as an active reworking of a trauma suffered passively, the upshot remains the same. Whenever they play school, kids offer us their ingenuous read on schooling: school is the place where teachers give directions and students follow them. The emperor of progressive education appears to be, if not naked, at least scantily clad.
SPECIFIC ISOZYME PROFILES OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN PREDNISOLONE-TREATED HUMAN CELL POPULATIONS

ABSTRACT. Using polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, we examined the isozyme profiles of alkaline phosphatase in four human cell lines and determined the effect of hormone treatment. The isozymes of alkaline phosphatase were identified on the basis of their inhibition properties, heat stability, and cross reactivity to specific antisera. HeLa TCRC-1, a cell line monophenotypic for the Regan isozyme, and HeLa TCRC-2, monophenotypic for non-Regan alkaline phosphatase, each had a single specific band of enzyme activity. F1 amnion and HEp-2 cell lines each possessed their own characteristic isozyme pattern containing two bands of activity. We observed a marked alteration in the isozyme profiles after 72 hours of growth in prednisolone containing media. The Fl amnion, HEp-2, and HeLa TCRC-1 all showed an elevation of enzyme activity at the Regan migration position. The HEp-2 cell line exhibited a band at that position, which was enhanced by hormone treatment. The Fl amnion did not show a band at the Regan position; however, hormone treatment caused its induction. The HeLa TCRC-1 band of enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by hormone treatment. The enhanced band in all cell lines was shown to have all the properties of the Regan isozyme. Since HeLa TCRC-2 did not respond to hormone treatment, it seems that hormone enhancement is restricted to those cell lines which are producing or have the potential to produce the Regan isozyme. In addition to enhancing the Regan isozyme, this hormone was shown to diminish an intestinal component which was present in the Fl amnion and HEp-2 cell lines. In the lines studied, it appears that prednisolone regulates alkaline phosphatase activity by altering the activities of different isozymes.
State Linkage Has Its Advantages

State linkages have real benefits for NGOs in China. They can help NGOs build organizational capacity, achieve political legitimacy, and access the state’s policymaking apparatus and process. State linkages are also especially valuable for NGOs with aspirations to create national networks because those linkages allow NGOs to access state networks around the country. Organizational linkages to the state begin with the NGO leader’s state linkages. In contrast to writings about the significance of membership in the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC), this study has found that the most significant form of personal state linkage is not CPC membership. Instead, the leaders of China’s most successful NGOs possess affiliations with well-endowed and authoritative state organizations. Moreover, membership in China’s ruling party is not necessary for NGO leaders to establish the proper state affiliations. Armed with state affiliations, China’s NGO leaders can establish formal relationships between their respective organizations and state agencies even in the absence of the nonprofit registration status.
Well-posed Numerical Calculations for Free-Surface Flows

We introduce a new numerical procedure for tracking interfaces between immiscible, incompressible fluids. The motion of such interfaces is typically ill-posed; small deviations in initial conditions lead to dramatic changes in the subsequent motion. Our method is based on the analytic continuation of the equations for the location of the interface into the complex unphysical plane. Specifically in two-dimensions, we let (x(θ,t),y(θ,t)) be the parametric representation for the location of the interface at time t, and we consider θ a complex-valued variable. Calculations are performed far from the real axis of θ. In particular, we keep track of the nearest singularities of z(θ,t) to the real axis of θ. The reconstruction of the location of the interface is a well-posed numercial procedure, involving the anayltic interpolation of z(θ,t) to the real axis of θ. As an example, we consider two-dimensional Hele-Shaw flow in a channel in the absence of surface tension effects. The results from our numerical method compare extremely well with a known analytic solution for the location of the interface.
The role of digital logic in the computer science curriculum

This panel is concerned with the diminished representation of digital logic in the undergraduate Computer Science curriculum. The number of core hours allocated to digital logic and digital systems topics has been significantly decreased, and shifted to assembly level architecture topics, and assembly language. Given this situation, it is reasonable to ask: How important is digital logic to future Computer Scientists? The panel begins by taking up this question. For those who maintain, that digital logic is critical, the panel considers how to provide more coverage, the value of digital logic labs, and a balance with assembly language programming.
Application of a Bayesian graded response model to characterize areas of disagreement between clinician and patient grading of symptomatic adverse events

Traditional concordance metrics have shortcomings based on dataset characteristics (e.g., multiple attributes rated, missing data); therefore it is necessary to explore supplemental approaches to quantifying agreement between independent assessments. The purpose of this methodological paper is to apply an Item Response Theory (IRT) -based framework to an existing dataset that included unidimensional clinician and multiple attribute patient ratings of symptomatic adverse events (AEs), and explore the utility of this method in patient-reported outcome (PRO) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research. Data were derived from a National Cancer Institute-sponsored study examining the validity of a measurement system (PRO-CTCAE) for patient self-reporting of AEs in cancer patients receiving treatment (N = 940). AEs included 13 multiple attribute patient-reported symptoms that had corresponding unidimensional clinician AE grades. A Bayesian IRT Model was fitted to calculate the latent grading thresholds between raters. The posterior mean values of the model-fitted item responses were calculated to represent model-based AE grades obtained from patients and clinicians. Model-based AE grades showed a general pattern of clinician underestimation relative to patient-graded AEs. However, the magnitude of clinician underestimation was associated with AE severity, such that clinicians’ underestimation was more pronounced for moderate/very severe model-estimated AEs, and less so with mild AEs. The Bayesian IRT approach reconciles multiple symptom attributes and elaborates on the patterns of clinician-patient non-concordance beyond that provided by traditional metrics. This IRT-based technique may be used as a supplemental tool to detect and characterize nuanced differences in patient-, clinician-, and proxy-based ratings of HRQOL and patient-centered outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01031641 . Registered 1 December 2009.
Possibility Engineering

Possibility engineering is a variant of decision analysis that focuses on highlighting a robust set of acceptable courses of action that satisfy a decision maker's value constraints rather than identifying and prescribing a single, optimal course of action. A shift from a conventional decision-analytic approach to a possibility engineering approach can facilitate problem resolution by sparing decision makers from misconceptions surrounding the term "decision analysis" and freeing them from its demands for structural precision, preferential fidelity, and prescription adherence. In this work, I will develop possibility engineering as a framework for resolving problems of choice under uncertainty. This development will include motivation for adopting a possibility engineering framework, establishment of synthetic probabilities and synthetic decision trees as core framework elements, formalization of concatenation and clone operations for matrices, and ultimately establishment of the possibility matrix as the mechanism for partitioning the set of all available courses of action in a manner consistent with the decision maker-'s value constraints.
A Flat Anterior Glenoid Corresponds to Subcritical Glenoid Bone Loss.

Purpose To define a quickly recognizable pattern for subcritical bone loss using the inflection point between the superior and inferior glenoid. Methods Following institutional review board approval, 3-dimensional reconstructions of 31 shoulder computed tomography scans from cadaveric specimens were obtained. Exclusion criteria were age >65 years or evidence of fracture or arthritis of the glenoid. An en face image was obtained for each glenoid. A vertical line was defined at the most anterior point of the superior glenoid. The area of the inferior glenoid anterior to this vertical line, area of the total glenoid, chord length of the anterior portion, and a best-fit circle for the inferior glenoid were measured. These numbers were compared with determine predicted bone loss relative to this vertical line. This investigation was performed at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Results The mean surface area of the glenoid anterior to the vertical line was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-10.9) of the total glenoid, and 12.8% (95% CI, 12.0-13.6) of the best-fit circle of the inferior glenoid. The chord length measurement was 16.8% (95% CI, 15.7-18.3) of the total diameter of the best-fit circle. Compared with the best-fit circle, bone loss to this vertical line would represent >10% bone loss in 80.7% of patients and >13.5% bone loss in 35.5% of patients (range, 14.3%-18.1%). The negative predictive value of the vertical line was 19% for predicting 10% bone loss, 65% for predicting 13.5% bone loss, 74% for predicting 15% bone loss, and 100% for predicting 20% bone loss. Conclusions A flat anterior glenoid may offer a consistent pattern that corresponds to 12.8 ± 3% bone loss relative to a best-fit circle. This measurement is in line with published values of subcritical bone loss, making this a clinically useful pattern to recognize in patients with subcritical glenoid bone loss. Clinical Relevance Our results suggest that an easily recognizable pattern of a flat anterior glenoid may correspond with more recently suggested levels of subclinical bone loss in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Level of Evidence Level III, diagnostic study.
Light-Directed Nanomanipulation of Colloidal Particles in Ambient Environments

We report an all-optical technique for the versatile nanomanipulation of various colloidal particles under ambient conditions by harnessing both photothermal effects and optical forces. © 2019 The Author(s)
Abstract 3052: MGMT inhibition is associated with MAPK pathway inhibition and enhances Raf, MEK, ERK inhibitors and restores meaningful Temozolomide activity in melanoma

Braf and MEK inhibition leads to limited survival gains in melanoma. In this research we show that, in vitro, MGMT controls all MAPK pathway effectors. We show that triple lock - upstream and downstream, along the MAPK pathway - effectively restores durable Braf and MEK inhibitor activity and significantly sensitizes melanoma to Temozolomide. The advantage of a multiple lock approach on the MAPK pathway is substantiated by the lack of signaling cross talk. We briefly discuss how this simple MGMT based regulatory paradigm could be immediately exploited in the care of melanoma patients. We also show how this strategy was exploited in two, surviving, metastatic (to include CNS disease) melanoma patients who had failed Braf and MEK inhibition (2 and 5 years ago) who now show stable or negligible residual disease burden while continuing on an intermittent, low treatment density, combination regimen Citation Format: George C. Bobustuc, Amin B. Kassam, Dmitry Bosenko, Deborah L. Donohoe, Richard A. Rovin, Santhi D. Konduri. MGMT inhibition is associated with MAPK pathway inhibition and enhances Raf, MEK, ERK inhibitors and restores meaningful Temozolomide activity in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3052.
The Elusive Benefits of Mind Wandering: How Incentive Scheme and Task Structure Facilitate Creative Incubation in a Multitask Environment

We use two experiments to investigate how incentive scheme and task structure influence creative incubation in a multitask environment where participants perform both creative and simple routine tasks. In our first experiment, where participants are given the discretion to switch between a creative and a routine task, we find that creativity-based incentives generate the most incubation benefits in terms of the greatest number of high-creativity ideas compared to quantity-based incentives and fixed wage. However, we find little evidence that incentive scheme itself can effectively “nudge” individuals to self-select into an incubation period. In our second experiment, we examine whether randomly assigning participants to switch between tasks can achieve the incubation benefits we observed in our first experiment. Results suggest that the performance advantage under creativity-based incentives disappears when the task environment is structured in a way that forces an incubation period. Taken together, our results suggest that employees need both the right incentives and self-insight with regard to the right switching time to gain incubation benefits in a multitask environment. Further, the simple way to impose an incubation period can backfire, as the interruption costs may outweigh the incubation benefits once the switching is forced during creative production.
The Experience of Foster Care and Long-Term Attachment

AbstractThere are almost half a million children currently in foster care in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to study the linkage between foster care alumni and long-term attachment...
Concomitant true and false lumen "parallel thoracic endovascular aortic repair" as an endovascular alternative to open arch/descending aortic reconstruction for chronic DeBakey type I dissection with aneurysmal degeneration.

Abstract A 77-year-old woman presented with symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm within a dissected thoracoabdominal aorta distal to a previous Dacron ascending aortic replacement. She was not a candidate for open repair and had no proximal landing zone for conventional thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) resulting from dissection extension into the brachiocephalic vessels. A concomitant parallel graft true and false lumen TEVAR was performed from the distal aortic arch to diaphragm. Follow-up imaging demonstrated successful exclusion of the false lumen aneurysm and successful protection of the true lumen with the adjacent parallel TEVAR device.