cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational analysis—CVI: On the 1,5-cyclooctadiene ring

Abstract 1,5-cyclooctadiene and the corresponding dibenzo derivatives have been studied by means of force-field calculations. The relative stabilities of the various conformations, and the energy surfaces which interconnect them found from the calculations are used to interpret the available experimental data. Differences between the parent diene and the dibenzo derivative are noted, and are attributed largely to the difference in torsional barriers of a saturated carbon bond when attached to a double bond, as opposed to being attached to an aromatic ring.
Racial disparities in being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States.

Weng Y, Korte JE. Racial disparities in being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 80–88. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: To investigate the impact of race on the likelihood of patients being recommended for surgery after a diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: A total of 68 445 cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were extracted from the 1988 to 2005 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. County-level rurality data and income data were merged using the US Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Continuum Codes dataset and US Census Bureau Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates dataset. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate the impact of race on being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Stratified analyses were further conducted by tumor site and rural/urban status. Results: Recommendation to surgery varied significantly by race, with black patients less likely than white patients to be recommended to surgery for their oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The racial difference in recommendation to surgery varied significantly by age, geography, and tumor subsite. Racial disparities are most evident in lip and buccal cancer from rural areas (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.6–7.5); and least evident in oropharyngeal cancer from urban areas (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). The magnitude of the racial disparity is attenuated with increasing age. Conclusions: We observed substantial racial disparities in surgery recommendation for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. Our results suggest the need to improve accessibility to better health care in racial minority groups, particularly in rural areas, and call for individual and institutional efforts to avoid physician bias related to the patient’s sociodemographic characteristics in healthcare service.
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids and Colchicine

About one hundred alkaloids are known from the family Amaryllidaceae. In their route of biosynthesis they bear several resemblances to the morphine alkaloids. In each type there are two six-membered rings derived from aromatic amino acids; and the additional ring closures are apparently produced by a mechanism of phenolate free radical coupling. The carbon-nitrogen skeletons of the presumed precursors in the two groups differ from each other by one carbon atom:
Comparison of Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics Using Clinical Bioequivalence Data and Monte Carlo Simulations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative performance and usefulness of single dose (SD) and multiple dose (MD) regimens for bioequivalence (BE) determination. Drugs such as indomethacin, procainamide, erythromycin, quinidine, nifedipine were tested for BE under SD and MD dose regimens. Drugs characterized by low accumulation indices (AI) showed virtually no change in the 90% confidence interval (CI) of AUC and CMAX upon multiple dosing. On the other hand, drugs with higher AI appeared to have smaller CI at steady-state. For example, the CI range of AUC and CMAX of quinidine (AI of 1.54) decreased from 26 to 12 and from 22 to 12, respectively, upon multiple dosing. A Monte Carlo simulation study of SD and MD bioequivalence trials was performed. The probability of failing the bioequivalence test was evaluated for several situations defined by different levels of variability and correlation in ka constants, presence or absence of inter- and/or intra-individual variability in clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), and different degrees of accumulation. All the possible combinations of these factors were tested with SD and MD study designs. All simulations used 1000 data sets with 30 subjects in each data set for a total of 144 unique designs (total of 144,000 simulations of bioequivalence trials). Upon multiple dosing, narrowing of CI ranges was observed for drugs simulated to have high AI, high variability and a large difference in absorption constants (ka) between test and reference formulations. The mean AUC and CMAX CI ranges for this situation decreased from 15 to 6 and from 16 to 10, respectively, in going from SD to MD design. Thus, there was concordance between simulated and experimental data. The probability of failing the bioequivalence test is shown to dramatically decrease upon multiple dosing due to the changes (range and shift) in the confidence interval.
MESSENGER - A Highly Constrained Mission to the Innermost Planet

MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) is a NASA Discovery Program mission to the Sun's closest neighbor. Launched on August 3, 2004, the spacecraft must fly in a cruise trajectory for almost seven years, circling the Sun 15 times and traveling approximately five billion miles before finally achieving orbit around Mercury.
Vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, and protein in rhesus monkey retina and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid

Purpose. To measure the amounts of vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, and protein in the primate retina and its supporting tissues-the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. To compare the amounts and concentrations of these materials in the central retina with those in the peripheral retina and to compare the concentration of vitamin E in the retina with that in plasma. Finally, to compare these results in rhesus monkey with existing measurements in humans. Methods. Ocular tissues from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were extracted with a two-phase solvent system. Components in the extract were separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two detectors in series monitored the effluent : Vitamin E was quantified with an internal standard and fluorescence detection, whereas retinyl palmitate was quantified with an external standard and ultraviolet light detection. Results. Amounts of vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, and protein in tissues from rhesus monkey compared reasonably well with those reported for humans. The content of vitamin E in the peripheral neural retina was moderately correlated with its protein content and, to a greater extent, with the concentration of vitamin E in the plasma ; however, the content of vitamin E in the central neural retina correlated only with the amount of protein in the central neural retina. Conclusions. These results are consistent with rhesus monkey as a model for the use of vitamin E by human ocular tissues. The amount of vitamin E in the central neural retina appears to be more closely regulated than the amount of vitamin E in the peripheral neural retina.
Increased number of GABAB receptors in the lethargic (lh/lh) mouse model of absence epilepsy

This study begins to explore mechanisms underlying the role of GABAB receptors in absence seizures in lethargic (lh/lh) mice. To test the hypothesis that alterations intrinsic to the GABAB receptor underlie enhanced synaptic activation of these receptors in absence seizures, we measured GABA-displaceable [3H]baclofen binding to neocortical plasma membranes prepared from lh/lh and wild (+/+) age-matched congenic mice. The number (Bmax) of binding sites was significantly greater (20%) in lh/lh (4.2pmol/mg protein, n = 43 pairs, P < 0.02) than in +/+ mice (3.3 pmol/mg protein) in an age-dependent manner. Interestingly, the subject of lh/lh mice with greater seizure frequency (40–70 seizures/15 min, measured by bipolar electrodes implanted into neocortex; n = 11) had a significantly greater Bmax (P < 0.003) than the subset with lower seizure frequency (1–20 seizures/15 min; n = 11). The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) was unchanged (60 nM in both). The Kd of both strains was inhibited to an equal degree by the nonhydrolysable GTP analogue 5′-guanylimido-diphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. The increased number of GABAB binding sites was selective, because binding to NMDA sites ([3H]glutamate binding) and to GABAA sites ([3H]muscimol binding) was not significantly different in the two strains. These data suggest that the increased number of GABAB receptors in lh/lh mice underlies enhanced synaptic activation of these receptors. Together with evidence that GABAB receptor activation can produce disinhibition, our data support a role for GABAB receptors in the expression of absence seizures in lh/lh mice.
A behavioral model for quantifying physiologic adjustments during increased exercise

Abstract A complete system to facilitate quantitative measurements of behavioral feeding patterns, body compositional changes, metabolic utilization of food sources, and energetic work efficiencies in the exercising rat is described. The system includes a behavioral contingency of wheel running to gain access to food, a torqueing method to quantify work performed and increase energy expenditure, an enclosed chamber to provide for gas collection and analyses, and metabolic caging to facilitate collection of urine and feces for use in carbonnitrogen balance procedures. The system allows the animal to establish and modify its own feeding pattern. Construction of the apparatus, methodology, operative outline and advantages of the system are included.
Simple application of anterior jig or leaf gauge in routine clinical practice

Utilization of either of the two described methods by dentists is recommended as a simple means to routinely record or provide centric relation closures. The leaf gauge (1 to 6 mm thick) can be made from plastic or x-ray film or it can be purchased. The anterior acrylic resin jig can be made in a few minutes directly in the mouth by the dentist or an assistant or by a technician using mounted casts. Both methods avoid adaptive mandibular closure patterns and dentist-guided jaw closure as well as other commonly unrecognized errors in assessing occlusal contacts.
Charged spherical shell in the field of an Abelian monopole

The gravitational field of a charged spherical shell in the presence of a central Abelian monopole is calculated. The nonlinearity in the field is represented by Born-Infeld Lagrangian that contains both invariants of the electromagnetic field. Such a configuration models a gravitationally bound shell of matter and charge that may provide a source of gamma-ray bursts now being found in extragalatic radiation.
A preliminary study comparing the use of cervical/upper thoracic mobilization and manipulation for individuals with mechanical neck pain

AbstractObjectives:Neck pain is routinely managed using manual therapy (MT) to the cervical and thoracic spines. While both mobilizations and manipulations to these areas have been shown to reduce neck pain, increase cervical range of motion, and reduce disability, the most effective option remains elusive. The purpose of this preliminary trial was to compare the pragmatic use of cervical and thoracic mobilizations vs. manipulation for mechanical neck pain.Methods:This trial included 20 patients with mechanical neck pain. Each patient was randomized to receive either mobilization or manipulation to both the cervical and thoracic spines during their plan of care. Within-group analyses were made with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and between-group analyses were made with Mann–Whitney U.Results:There were no between-group differences for any of the dependent variables including cervical active range of motion (CAROM) (P = 0·18), deep cervical flexion (DCF) endurance (P = 0·06), numerical pain rating scale (NPRS...
A Thermomechanical Theory for a Porous Anisotropic Elastic Solid with Inclusions

We construct a mixture theory which describes a porous elastic anisotropic solid with inclusions. Thermal effects are taken into account. The theory is in accord with classical thermodynamics. Fully nonlinear isotropic and anisotropic materials are considered, and field equations are also given for a nontrivial special case which, though nonlinear, is controlled by a few material functions. When properly specialized, the theory reduces to the P-α model, a model widely used to describe porous solids.
A simple efficient algorithm for interpolation between different grids in both 2D and 3D

Considering the importance of data transferring between different grids, we present a simple but powerful interpolation scheme using radial basis functions (RBFs) to accomplish such task in both 2D and 3D. Numerical results are presented for such interpolation between truly unstructured grids.
The effect of surface roughness on the head-tape interface

The effect of tape surface roughness on the head-tape interface is investigated for typical head contours using tapes with different surface roughness characteristics. Intensity-based monochromatic interferometry is used to obtain the asperity compliance curves for tapes of different roughness by relating contact pressure to the spacing between the head and the tape. A parabolic model and the Greenwood-Williamson model for contact between rough surfaces are used to curve fit experimental results for contact pressure versus spacing, and numerical calculations for the head-tape spacing of a cylindrical head with and without transverse slots are presented for two tapes with different roughness characteristics. The numerical calculations for the head-tape spacing are compared with experimental measurements showing excellent agreement between numerical and experimental results. It is concluded that the head-tape spacing for high recording density applications is limited by tape surface roughness.
Development and rapid growth of a desmoid tumor in the surgical corridor after suboccipital craniotomy for recurrent low-grade astrocytoma

Desmoid tumors are histologically benign but locally invasive tumors that can occur in the head and neck. We present the rare case of a desmoid tumor that occurred in the surgical corridor after suboccipital craniotomy for recurrent low-grade astrocytoma. A 30-year-old woman underwent a repeat suboccipital craniotomy for recurrent low-grade astrocytoma. A gross total resection was achieved. Nine months later, a firm, palpable mass was noted near the surgical scar. No new neurologic deficits were noted on exam. A magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a homogeneously enhancing lesion superficial to the dural graft. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed through the original midline incision. The mass was resected en bloc. Histology demonstrated clear surgical margins and a tumor of low cellularity consistent with a desmoid tumor. Desmoid tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis for superficial masses occurring in the surgical bed after posterior cervical surgery.
Using end-user visualization environments to mediate conversations: a 'Communicative Dimensions' framework

An end-user visualization environment aims to empower end users to create graphical representations of phenomena within a scientific domain of interest. Research into end-user visualization environments has traditionally focused on developing the human-computer interaction necessary to enable the quick and easy construction of domain-specific visualizations. That traditional focus has left open the question of how such environments might support human-human interaction. Especially in situations in which end-user visualization environments are enlisted to facilitate learning and to build design consensus, we hypothesize that a key benefit is their ability to mediate conversations about a scientific domain of interest. In what ways might end-user visualization environments support human communication, and what design features make them well-suited to do so? Drawing both on a theory of communication, and on empirical studies in which end-user environments were enlisted to support human communication, we propose a provisional framework of six 'Communicative Dimensions' of end-user visualization environments: programming salience, provisionality, story content, modifiability, controllability, and referencability. To illustrate the value of these dimensions as an analytic and design tool, we use them to map a sample of publicly available end-user visualization environments into the 'Communicative' design space. By characterizing those aspects of end-user visualization environments that impact social interaction, our framework provides an important extension to Green and Petre's (J. Visual Lang. Comput. 7 (1996) 131-174) 'Cognitive Dimensions'.
Multicultural Mastery Scale for Youth: Multidimensional Assessment of Culturally Mediated Coping Strategies

Self-mastery refers to problem-focused coping facilitated through personal agency. Communal mastery describes problem solving through an interwoven social network. This study investigates an adaptation of self- and communal mastery measures for youth. Given the important distinction between family and peers in the lives of youth, these adaptation efforts produced Mastery-Family and Mastery-Friends subscales, along with a Mastery-Self subscale. We tested these measures for psychometric properties and internal structure with 284 12 to 18-year-old predominately Yup’ik Eskimo Alaska Native adolescents from rural, remote communities — a non-Western culturally distinct group hypothesized to display higher levels of collectivism and communal mastery. Results demonstrate a subset of items adapted for youth function satisfactorily, a three-response alternative format provided meaningful information, and the subscale’s underlying structure is best described through three distinct first-order factors organized under one higher order mastery factor.
Penetration and ricochet phenomena in oblique hypervelocity impact

An experimental investigation of phenomena associated with the oblique hypervelocity impact of spherical projectile on multisheet aluminum structures is described. A model that can be employed in the design of meteoroid and space debris protection systems for space structures is developed. The model consists of equations that relate crater and perforation damage of a multisheet structure to parameters such as projectile size, impact velocity, and trajectory obliquity. The equations are obtained through a regression analysis of oblique hypervelocity impact test data. This data shows that the response of a multisheet structure to oblique impact is significantly different from its response to normal hypervelocity impact. It was found that obliquely incident projectiles produce ricochet debris that can severely damage panels or instrumentation located on the exterior of a space structure. Obliquity effects of high-speed impact must, therefore, be considered in the design of any structure exposed to the meteoroid and space debris environment.
Eta-1 (Osteopontin): An Early Component of Type-1 (Cell-Mediated) Immunity

Cell-mediated (type-1) immunity is necessary for immune protection against most intracellular pathogens and, when excessive, can mediate organ-specific autoimmune destruction. Mice deficient in Eta-1 (also called osteopontin) gene expression have severely impaired type-1 immunity to viral infection [herpes simplex virus–type 1 (KOS strain)] and bacterial infection ( Listeria monocytogenes ) and do not develop sarcoid-type granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ production is diminished, and IL-10 production is increased. A phosphorylation-dependent interaction between the amino-terminal portion of Eta-1 and its integrin receptor stimulated IL-12 expression, whereas a phosphorylation-independent interaction with CD44 inhibited IL-10 expression. These findings identify Eta-1 as a key cytokine that sets the stage for efficient type-1 immune responses through differential regulation of macrophage IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine expression.
The Yeast Frataxin Homologue Mediates Mitochondrial Iron Efflux: EVIDENCE FOR A MITOCHONDRIAL IRON CYCLE *

Mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial protein frataxin are responsible for the neurological disorder Friedreich ataxia (FA). Yeast strains with a deletion in the frataxin homologue YFH1 accumulate excess iron in mitochondria and demonstrate mitochondrial damage. We show that in the absence of YFH1, mitochondrial damage is proportional to the concentration and duration of exposure to extracellular iron, establishing mitochondrial iron accumulation as causal to mitochondrial damage. Reintroduction of YFH1 results in the rapid export of accumulated mitochondrial iron into the cytosol as free, non-heme bound iron, demonstrating that mitochondrial iron in the yeast FA model can be made bioavailable. These results demonstrate a mitochondrial iron cycle in which Yfh1p regulates mitochondrial iron efflux.
GOLAC: An Endogenous Anion Channel of the Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex is present in every eukaryotic cell and functions in posttranslational modifications and sorting of proteins and lipids to post-Golgi destinations. Both functions require an acidic lumenal pH and transport of substrates into and by-products out of the Golgi lumen. Endogenous ion channels are expected to be important for these features, but none has been described. Ion channels from an enriched Golgi fraction cleared of transiting proteins were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. Eighty percent of the single-channel recordings revealed the same anion channel. This channel has novel properties and has been named GOLAC (Golgi anion channel). The channel has six subconductance states with a maximum conductance of 130 pS, is open over 95% of the time, and is not voltage-gated. Significant for Golgi function, the channel conductance is increased by reduction of pH on the lumenal surface. This channel may serve two nonexclusive functions: providing counterions for the acidification of the Golgi lumen by the H(+)-ATPase and removal of inorganic phosphate generated by glycosylation and sulfation of proteins and lipids in the Golgi.
Hypothesis Testing Using an L 1 -Distance Bootstrap

Abstract Let X 1, X 2, …, Xn be independent random variables with common distribution function F, and let Y 1, Y 2, …, Ym be independent random variables with common distribution function G. Assume F and G are continuous and unknown. Consider the problem of testing H 0: F = G against H 1: F ≠ G. We propose a test based on the L 1 distance between density estimates for F and G. A simulation experiment is used to compare this statistic to others under both bootstrap and permutation resampling procedures. The well-known Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is also used for comparison. The L 1-distance method compares quite favorably.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Self-Diffusivities, Corrected Diffusivities, and Transport Diffusivities of Light Gases in Four Silica Zeolites To Assess Influences of Pore Shape and Connectivity

We have used equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) to study the influences of pore shape and connectivity on single component diffusion of several gases in silica zeolites using atomically detailed models of these materials. Results are presented for CH4, CF4, SF6, Ar, and Ne in silicalite, CH4, Ar, and Ne in ITQ-3, CH4, CF4, Ar, and SF6 in ITQ-7, and CH4, CF4, Ar, and H2 in ZSM-12 at room temperature. This set of four silica zeolites includes one, two, and three-dimensional pore topologies and pore volumes of several different shapes. EMD can be used to simultaneously determine the self-diffusivities and corrected diffusivities as a function of pore loading, and this has been done for every example. In combination with adsorption isotherms computed using grand canonical Monte Carlo, EMD results can also determine the transport diffusivity as a function of pore loading. The resulting transport diffusivities are reported for every example. The broad data set presented here is useful for considering the vari...
Assessment of lysine bioavailability in an intact protein mixture: comparison of chick growth and precision-fed rooster assays

Abstract A lysine deficient purified L-amino acid diet was used in a 10-day chick growth assay to estimate the availability of lysine in a corn gluten meal, sesame meal, meat-and-bone meal (CGM-SM-MBM) protein mixture. This mixture had been used previously to construct a lysine-deficient assay diet for growing puppies. The amino acid pattern of the CGM-SM-MBM mixture was also simulated and fed to examine the effect of excess amino acids on lysine availability. Excess amino acids in the CGM-SM-MBM mixture depressed the efficiency of lysine utilization, regardless of whether the excess amino acids were provided as the CGM-SM-MBM mixture or as free L-amino acids. Slope-ratio regression analysis (weight gain regressed on supplemental lysine intake) yielded lysine bioavailability estimates for the protein mixture of 56% (relative to the L-lysine standard curve) but 93% when slope of the CGM-SM-MBM curve was related to slope of the line resulting from feeding L-lysine·HCL + amino acids to simulate those provided by the intact-protein mixture. Partitioning weight gain into that resulting from lysine consumed in the basal diet per se and that resulting from lysine supplements per se provided a more accurate estimate of the efficiency of lysine utilization from each source. This method gave estimated bioavailabilities of 80% for the lysine in CGM-SM-MBM (relative to the L-lysine standard curve), but 93% when related to the slope of the line resulting from regressing partitioned gain on intake of L-lysine consumed in the form of the CGM-SM-MBM simulated amino acid mixture. True digestible lysine in the CGM-SM-MBM mixture was also determined by means of a 48-hour excreta collection assay using force-fed cecectomized or conventional (shamoperated) adult cockerels. Differences among bird-types were not observed. The true digestibility of lysine was estimated to be 90%.
Regulation of CRE-dependent transcription by presenilins: prospects for therapy of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by memory loss and other cognitive disabilities. Mutations in the presenilin genes are the major cause of familial AD. Analysis of conditional knockout mice has shown that inactivation of presenilins results in progressive memory impairment and age-dependent neurodegeneration, suggesting that reduced presenilin activity might represent an important pathogenic mechanism. Presenilins positively regulate the transcription of cAMP response element (CRE)-containing genes, some of which are known to be important for memory formation and neuronal survival. Phosphodiesterase 4 and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance CRE-dependent gene expression, have been shown to ameliorate memory deficits and neurodegeneration in animal models. Thus, modulation of CRE-dependent transcription might be beneficial for the treatment of dementia in AD.
Aging and memory for frequency of occurrence of novel, visual stimuli : direct and indirect measures

Memory for frequency of occurrence typically is investigated using familiar stimuli (e.g., words) and with "direct" tests of memory; that is, the subject is required to state explicitly how often an item occurred or which item occurred more often. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of age on the ability to make judgments (i.e., direct tests) regarding the frequency of occurrence of words and of novel, visual stimuli (Japanese ideograms). In Experiment 3, young and old subjects were compared on "indirect" measures of memory for frequency of occurrence of these ideograms, as indexed by the mere exposure effect. On the direct test of memory, elderly and young subjects did not differ when shown words, but elderly were impaired compared with young subjects when ideograms were presented. When tested indirectly, both groups were sensitive to the frequency of occurrence of ideograms. The pattern of results replicates and extends previous findings regarding performance dissociations between direct and indirect measures of memory in aging.
Metabolism of dihydroaminopterin and the influence of aminopterin and related derivatives on the metabolism of (-)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cerevisiae.

Abstract [ 3 H]Dihydroaminopterin, but not [ 3 H]methotrexate or [ 3 H]aminopterin, was rapidly taken up by resting cells of Pediococcus cerevisiae and inhibited the uptake of (−)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid to more than 90% at a concentration of 25 μM. On the other hand 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid inhibited the uptake of dihydroaminopterin to a similar extent. Dihydroaminopterin was metabolized by Pediococcus cerevisiae , but not by Lactobacillus casei , to a compound tentatively identified as dihydroaminopterin diglutamate. Methotrexate or aminopterin at a concentration of 25 μM did not inhibit the uptake of 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cerevisiae , but inhibited the conversion of this compound to polyglutamate forms almost completely at a level of 2.5 μM.
Objective assessment of the accuracy of computer-simulated imaging in rhinoplasty.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy by which computer-simulated rhinoplasty images reflect surgical results in 6-month postoperative photographs. Methods We performed a retrospective, objective evaluation of 5 features of the facial profile in the computer-simulated images and in the 6-month postoperative photographs of 36 rhinoplasty patients. Data recorded for the nasolabial angle, nasofrontal angle, columella tip angle, columella/infratip lobule ratio, and an established method of assessing tip projection were subjected to statistical analysis by 2-tailed t test and analysis of variance testing. Results Simulated and actual measurements of columella tip angle were found to be significantly different (P = .021). The set of measurements taken from computer-simulated images at the nasolabial angle (P = .301), nasofrontal angle (P = .471), columellar/infratip lobule ratio (P = .402), and tip projection ratio (P = .547) were not statistically different from the respective measurements recorded from the 6-month follow-up images. Conclusions No significant difference was found between the measurements recorded from computer-simulated images and those recorded from 6-month postoperative photographs in 4 of the 5 features of the facial profile studied. The accuracy and predictive value of computer-simulated images is demonstrated and quantified for the first time.
Time to Abolish the Duchy of Lancaster

The duchy of Lancaster is one of two duchies left in England – the other being the duchy of Cornwall. Lancaster was likely an honour prior to 1066; it became a county palatine in 1267 and a duchy in 1351. As such, it has been held by the sovereign separate to the Crown – a legal estate which passes from one sovereign to another as a form of inheritance. The purpose of this article is to consider the legal status of the duchy in modern times. Also, the various Crown prerogatives which have been franchised to it as well as other privileges it has acquired over the centuries. This article concludes that the duchy should be abolished and its property transferred to the Crown Estate, since it no longer has any true legal purpose.This would not only be to the benefit of the sovereign, it would ensure easier administration, greater financial clarity and the abolition of obsolete laws,courts and sinecures.
Presymmetry of Classical Relativistic Fields

The physical act of accelerating observation instruments has an obvious counterpart in Newtonian physics: It is the transformation induced by $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}}, t)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}}+\frac{1}{2}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{a}}{t}^{2}, t)$. In special relativity, a theoretical counterpart for physical acceleration has been introduced only for a small subset of measurement procedures, such as clocks and yardsticks, but not for such instruments as accelerometers. We propose a general theoretical counterpart for physical accelerations in Minkowski space. In the algebra $\mathcal{O}$ of observation procedures, it induces automorphisms, not of $\mathcal{O}$ but of a point subalgebra ${\mathcal{O}}_{x}\ensuremath{\subset}\mathcal{O}$ that is associated to a single point $x$. From the postulates of presymmetry, we deduce a generalized version of Newton's second law; an acceleration-invariant subset ${\ensuremath{\bigcup}}_{(x|{x}_{0}=0)}{\mathcal{O}}_{\mathrm{xc}}$ of instant observation procedures provides complete predictive power. The main technical contribution of the paper is the introduction of a topological algebra $\mathcal{O}$ in which local subsets associated to a single point are proper (although unbounded) subalgebras, whose automorphisms are discussed.
Multiple risk factors before pediatric cardiac transplantation are associated with increased graft loss.

Identification of heart transplant recipients at highest risk for a poor outcome could lead to improved posttransplantation survival. A chart review of primary heart transplantations from 1993 to 2006 was performed. Analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of graft loss for those with a transplantation age less than 1 year, congenital heart disease (CHD), elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (index > 6), positive panel reactive antibody or crossmatch, liver or renal dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, or mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Primary transplantation was performed for 189 patients. Among these patients, 37% had CHD, 23% had mechanical ventilation, and 6% had renal dysfunction. Overall graft survival was 82% at 1 year and 68% at 5 years. The univariate risk factors for graft loss included mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–3.18), CHD (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04–2.70), and renal dysfunction (HR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.34–6.70). The multivariate predictors of graft loss were CHD (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.02–2.64), mechanical ventilation (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.13–3.10), and the presence of two or more statistically significant univariate risk factors (SRF) (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.00–7.32). Mechanical ventilation, CHD, and the presence of two or more SRFs identify pediatric patients at higher risk for graft loss and should be considered in the management of children with end-stage heart failure.
A note on bending of plates including the effects of transverse shearing and normal strains

Earlier results on the effect of transverse shearing strain on the three-dimensional aspects of the distribution of bending stress in plates are complemented by results for the influence of transverse normal strain, due to surface pressure as well as due to a non-vanishing transverse. Poisson's ratio.
Risk and Resilience Ecological Framework for Assessment and Goal Formulation

This paper describes the use of the risk and resilience ecological framework as an assessment and goal setting tool for social workers. A rationale for the framework is provided, along with identification of risk and protective factors across the micro, meso, and macro level systems. Goal formulation from identification of factors follow, with implications for social work interventions.
A scientist in the cockpit: the case history and analysis of a UFO SIGHTING.

A UFO sighting took place during a night instrument training flight on which the author served as flight instructor. The UFO was in the form of a bright light approaching on a collision course at a very high rate of speed—a rapid deceleration and hovering—a rapid acceleration away from the author's plane followed by another deceleration and hovering. This apparent reconnoitering activity was repeated approximately ten times after which the object failed to reappear.
How the Media Compound Urban Problems

ABSTRACT:Major news media coverage of cities reinforces an overwhelmingly negative and misleading view of urban America. The images from the nightly news, newsweeklies, and on the pages of our dail...
THE CARDIAC COMPONENT OE THE ORIENTING RESPONSE

A beat-by-beat analysis of the human heart rate (HR) response to repeated presentation of 3 intensities of auditory stimulation (50, 70, and 90 db) was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the HR component of the orienting response (OR) is deceleration. Over-all level of poststimulus acceleration and a late acceleratory component of a multi-phasic response pattern best met the criteria of an OR, suggesting an alternative hypothesis.
Confronting existential anxiety: the ultimate stressor

First the following terms are defined: stress, stressor, physical stressor, social stressor, psychological stressor, individual make-up, stress response, anxiety, fear, guilt, phobia, panic and existential anxiety. This is followed by an examination of existential anxiety and methods of dealing with existential anxiety both early in life and later in life. Then the following subjects are briefly considered: God, the origin of the universe, evolution of life, near-death experiences, apparitions and immortality. Finally, the results of worrying about death are examined. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Megagroups in Illinois

The term "megagroup" is proposed as a formal designation for a rock-stratigraphic unit larger than group. Although comparable in size with series and systems, megagroups are defined in terms of lithology and transect the boundaries of units that are based on time of deposition. Seven megagroups are herein recognized in the pre-Pennsylvanian and one in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks of the Illinois region. The Potsdam Sandstone Megagroup includes the formations in the basal sandstone succession of Cambrian and earliest Ordovician age. The Knox Dolomite Megagroup of Cambrian and Ordovician age is in part contemporaneous with the Potsdam and extends from the base of the St. Peter Sandstone down only to the base of the Potosi Dolomite in northern Illinois but to the base of the Bonneterre Dolomite in southwestern Illinois. The Ottawa Limestone Megagroup is the Middle and Upper Ordovician carbonate sequence above the St. Peter, Glenwood, Aylmer, or Simpson clastics. The Maquoketa Shale of Upper Ordovician age does not require megagroup treatment within Illinois, though a megagroup might be useful farther east where such clastics include Middle and Upper Ordovician and Lower and Middle Silurian rocks. The Hunton Limestone Megagroup is the major Silurian-Devonian carbonate succession. Knobs Megagroup is proposed for the Devonian-Mississippian elastic wedge marking the Acadian orogeny. The Mammoth Cave Limestone Megagroup is a formal substitute for the "Mississippi lime" of common usage. The Pope Megagroup is proposed for the sequence of alternating clastic and limestone deposits of Mississippian age above the Mammoth Cave Megagroup. A formal megagroup name appears unnecessary for the dominantly clastic Pennsylvanian rocks of the Illinois region. The Embayment Megagroup is proposed for the unconsolidated clastics of Cretaceous and Tertiary age of e treme southern Illinois.
Periodic motions of an impact oscillator

Abstract Non-linear equations governing N impact periodic motions of a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator under a sinusoidal and bias force contacting rigid amplitude constraints one or both sides have been developed with constant and velocity dependent coefficients of restitution. They also govern period doubling motions. Additionally, exact closed form expressions have been developed for one and two equispaced and non-equispaced impacts per cycle motions. Theoretical predictions agreed with previous results and with results obtained using a numerical simulation approach. Effects of amplitude and frequency of sinusoidal force, bias force, damping, and variable and constant coefficients of restitution on periodic motions are investigated.
Explicit Determination of Complex Permittivity and Permeability Using a Partial Two-Port Calibration

This paper describes an application of a partial two-port calibration to explicit determination of complex permittivity and permeability using a network analyzer. Unlike the traditional transmission/reflection (TR) method that requires a full two-port calibration, the application to low-loss nonmagnetic materials exhibits no drop-outs. The application to low-loss magnetic materials shows similar drop-outs as the TR method does though the former is simpler due to the partial calibration. Experimental results illustrate the usefulness of the described procedure in materials characterization.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diabetic males: A method for detecting blood pressure elevations undisclosed by conventional methods

Twenty-one diabetic males, ages 20 to 61 years (mean 48.4 +/- 10.5) and 14 healthy males, 22 to 59 years (mean 42.5 +/- 10.4) consented to participate in a study during which 24-h recordings of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rates, and rhythm were obtained. The diabetic subjects were considered normotensive except for two patients, who had been observed to have rare insignificant elevations in blood pressure and were untreated. Diabetic subjects had a higher mean maximal systolic blood pressure (160.7 +/- 49.8 mmHg) than the normal controls (132.4 +/- 12.1 mmHg) (p less than 0.05). They also had a higher frequency (15.1%) of systolic blood pressure readings greater than or equal to 150 mmHg compared to normal men (0.2%) (p less than 0.01). The frequency of diastolic blood pressure readings greater than or equal to 90 mmHg was 22.1% in the former and 9.2% in the latter group (p less than 0.01). Of 21 diabetic males, 14 (66.7%) had systolic pressures greater than or equal to 150 mmHg, diastolic pressures greater than or equal to 100 mmHg, or both. In the normal men, 3 (21.4%) of the 14 had such pressures. Twenty-four hour monitoring of ambulatory blood pressures revealed elevations not detected by routine casual readings in patients with diabetes.
Antecedents and Consequences of Juvenile Case Processing Where Are We Now, and Where Do We Go From Here?

Philosophical and practical changes in the juvenile justice system are influenced by, and have implications for, timely and quality juvenile case processing. Drawing on juvenile case-processing literature published from the late 1970s until present, the antecedents and consequences of juvenile case processing are discussed in an effort to draw attention to possible causal relationships. The authors argue that juvenile case-processing efficiency is, perhaps, one of the more pivotal issues facing juvenile justice today, and further empirical studies and scholarly dialogue on this issue are needed. The current state of knowledge concerning systemic, intra-agency, and interagency barriers to timely and quality juvenile case processing serves as a springboard for suggestive approaches to examining juvenile case processing from a more rigorous, comprehensive, and holistic perspective. Language: en
Electrically mediated regeneration and guidance of adult mammalian spinal axons into polymeric channels

Abstract An extracellular electric field has been shown to influence the regeneration of nerve fibers within the adult mammalian spinal cord. However, in these studies, few axons were labeled by local application of intracellular markers relative to the number of axons transected. This has limited an evaluation of the robustness of the response, and the direction of growth of regenerating axons that might be influenced by the orientation of the applied voltage gradient. In this study, a hollow silicone rubber tube (c. 6 mm×1 mm outside diameter) containing a cathodal (negative) electrode was inserted longitudinally into the dorsal half of the adult guinea-pig spinal cord. The electric field (∼100 μV/mm) was imposed within the damaged spinal cord with an implanted d.c. stimulator for about three weeks. Based on previous studies, this orientation of the electric field would be expected to both initiate axonal regeneration and guide growing axons to, and into, the silicone guidance channel. In experimental animals (n=20), a robust regeneration of axons into the tube was observed in more than half the cases. These axons were traced from surrounding white and gray matter by anterograde and retrograde labeling using a tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated dextran as an intracellular marker. Control animals (n=16) received tubes with inactive electrodes. It was rare to find any axons within control guidance channels, since adult mammalian central nervous system axons do not regenerate. This report provides evidence for not only the facilitated regeneration of adult mammalian central axons, but also their guidance, by an imposed electric field.
Transport of Zn in a sandy loam soil treated with ZnO NPs and uptake by corn plants: Electron microprobe and confocal microscopy studies

Abstract The manufacture and multiple uses of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) will represent a possible source of soil contamination. Little is known about how these NPs transport in soil and plants. In this research, the transport of Zn/ZnO NPs in sandy loam soil and the uptake by corn plants ( Zea mays ) was investigated. Results showed that ZnO NPs exhibit low mobility in a soil column at various ionic strengths. Elution curves suggest that some of the adsorbed ZnO NPs/Zn were released in the presence of chemical perturbations. The breakthrough of released Zn coincided with Fe and Al (indicator of soil colloids) suggesting that soil colloids may act as carriers of strongly adsorbed NPs. By using electron microprobe, Zn/ZnO NPs aggregates were visualized associate with soil clay minerals. The uptake (mg/kg) of Zn by one-month old corn plants varied from 69 to 409 in roots and from 100 to 350 in shoots, respectively, in soils contaminated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (from 100 to 800 mg NPs/kg soil). Confocal microscope images showed that ZnO NPs aggregates penetrated the root epidermis and cortex through the apoplastic pathway; however, the presence of some NP aggregates in xylem vessels suggests that the aggregates passed the endodermis through the symplastic pathway.
THEOLOGY OF NOSTALGIA: REFLECTIONS ON THE THEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ELIADE'S WORK

The history of religions is a discipline that Mircea Eliade, probably its best known international practitioner, understands in a very broad sense. It is not only concerned with the interpretation of symbols, myths and various forms of religious behavior, but also represents the occasion for philosophical reflection. According to Eliade, a hidden agenda of his conception of the history of religions is that it embodies a theology. This paper examines what Eliade claims is a camouflaged theology within his work. In his journal entry of November 8, 1959, a note referring to his work Patterns in Comparative Religion, Eliade makes his commitment
Tetralin vapour pressure at elevated temperatures

Abstract Vapour pressure of tetralin was measured at elevated temperatures up to 661 K. The experimental vapour pressure data obtained from this work and the literature have been correlated by multiple regression resulting in the equation: log P = −2549 T−1.022 × 10 −3 T + 7.804 . This equation can be used to predict tetralin vapour pressure between the normal boiling point and the critical point with maximum error of ≈3%.