cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RADIATION-INDUCED OXIDATION OF CYTOSINE AND URACIL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF COPPER (II).

BOTH the hydrated electron, e−aq, and the hydroxyl radical, OH, which are formed as the principal intermediates in water radiolysis, react rapidly with the pyrimidine bases through preferential addition to the 5, 6 double bond to give the hydropyrimidyl radical, BH, and the hydroxypyrimidyl radical, BOH, respectively1–4. The yields for base destruction (molecules/100 eV) in oxygen-free solutions under γ-rays are, however, consistently low, G(−B) ⩽ 1 (refs. 5 and 6), when compared with primary yields of the radical species derived from water, Ge−aq = 2.85, GOH = 2.4 (ref. 7); recent work indicates that secondary reactions of BH and BOH lead to regeneration of the parent compound4. In oxygen-saturated solutions, e−aq, is scavenged by oxygen to form O−2(HO2), the regeneration reaction is quenched, and the yield for base destruction increases to G(−B)∼2 through reactions involving the peroxy radical, B(OH)⨀2. Many organic products are formed, however, from the intermediate, B(OH)⨀2, and the overall product stoichiometries have yet to be fully elucidated8.
A diverse set of developmentally regulated proteoglycans is expressed in the rat central nervous system

Cellular interactions in neural development are influenced by various extracellular proteins, many of which bind glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans. Precise functions of nervous system proteoglycans remain unknown, in part because neural proteoglycan composition is poorly understood. In this study, 25 putative proteoglycan core proteins were identified in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Levels of many of these varied considerably during development. Membrane-associated proteoglycans included two heparan sulfate proteoglycans (cores of 50 and 59 kd) that are covalently linked to glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol lipid, as well as several that appear to aggregate either with themselves or with copurifying proteins. These data indicate that brain proteoglycans exhibit the abundance, structural diversity, and developmental regulation that would be anticipated for molecules with diverse developmental functions.
Computational investigation of the relative efficacies of nail‐ and plate‐type proximal femoral‐fracture fixation implants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare fracture‐fixation and bone‐healing promotion efficacies of an intramedullary (IM) nail‐type and an external osteosynthesis plate‐type femoral trochanteric‐fracture implants using the results of a combined multi‐body dynamics and finite element analyses. For both implants, fracture fixation was obtained using a dynamic hip blade which is anchored to the femur head on one end and is connected to the IM rod/plate on the other. The analysis was carried out for two pre‐fracture conditions of the femur: healthy and osteoporotic.Design/methodology/approach – The musculoskeletal dynamics portion of the analysis was used to obtain realistic physiological loading conditions (i.e. muscle forces and joint reaction forces and moments) associated with four typical everyday activities of a patient, namely, walking, lunging, cycling and egress (i.e. exiting a passenger vehicle). The subsequent structural finite element analysis of the fractured femur/implant assembly was ...
Modulation of doxorubicin uptake by epinephrine in the VX-2 carcinoma.

Abstract The purpose of regional chemotherapy is to deliver maximal drug concentrations to localized unresectable tumors, to minimize systemic toxicity, and to improve tumor response to treatment. Manipulation of regional blood flow by vasoactive agents could further increase tumor drug levels. This study evaluates the effect of hepatic artery infusion of epinephrine on tumor and liver doxorubicin uptake. New Zealand White rabbits (n = 17) were implanted with hepatic VX-2 carcinomas which were allowed to grow to 2–3 cm in diameter. Doxorubicin (3 mg/kg) ± [14C]doxorubicin (2.5 μCi) was given alone (controls) or following low- (5 μg) or high- (15–50 μg) dose epinephrine infusion into the hepatic artery. Heart, liver, and tumor were obtained 30 min after infusion for determination of doxorubicin concentration. The doxorubicin liver concentrations were similar in all three groups but tumor levels decreased from 26.6 ± 16.3 to 6.7 ± 2.8 and 6.6 ± 4.3 nmole/g in the epinephrine groups. Myocardial levels were reduced by the high-dose epinephrine (6.8 ± 2.2 nmole/g) when compared to controls (11.3 ± 2.1 nmole/g) or low-dose epinephrine (11.5 ± 1.8 nmole/g). The liver concentration of doxorubicin was not significantly affected by intraarterial epinephrine. The myocardial doxorubicin concentration was affected only by epinephrine doses sufficient to cause severe systemic vasoconstriction. The decrease in tumor doxorubicin concentration to low-dose (5 μg) and high-dose (15–50 μg) epinephrine suggests that intraarterial epinephrine limits doxorubicin uptake by tumor.
Activity maps for location-aware computing

Location-based context is important for many applications. Previous systems offered only coarse room-level features or used manually specified room regions to determine fine-scale features. We propose a location context mechanism based on activity maps, which define regions of similar context based on observations of 3-D patterns of location and motion in an environment. We describe an algorithm for obtaining activity maps using the spatio-temporal clustering of visual tracking data. We show how the recovered maps correspond to regions for common tasks in the environment and describe their use in some applications.
Nanoindentation Measurements on Low-k Porous Silica Thin Films Spin Coated on Silicon Substrates

MEMS (MicroElectromechanical Systems) are composed of thin films and composite nanomaterials. Although the mechanical properties of their constituent materials play an important role in controlling their quality, reliability, and lifetime, they are often found to be different from their bulk counterparts. In this paper low-k porous silica thin films spin coated on silicon substrates are studied. The roughness of spin-on coated porous silica films is analyzed with in-situ imaging and their mechanical properties are determined using nanoindentation. A Berkovich type nanoindenter, of a 142.3 deg total included angle, is used and continuous measurements of force and displacements are acquired. It is shown, that the measured results of hardness and Young's modulus of these films depend on penetration depth. Furthermore, the film's mechanical properties are influenced by the properties of the substrate, and the reproduction of the force versus displacement curves depends on the quality of the thin film. The hardness of the studied low-k spin coated silica thin film is measured as 0.35∼0.41 GPa and the Young's modulus is determined as 2.74∼2.94 GPa.
Evaluation of sub-critical fatigue crack propagation in a restorative composite.

Abstract Objectives : Fracture is a major reason for clinical failure of dental restorations. Many clinical fractures are likely to be preceded by a slow sub-critical crack propagation. The purpose of this study was to determine slow crack propagation in a restorative composite. Methods : Notched composite (Z100, 3M ESPE) specimens were fatigued in a four-point bending test. The notch (1 mm) was created by embedding a sharpened razor blade in the specimen mold. The specimens were load-cycled at 5 Hz between −5 and −30 N until failure. Displacement and load were recorded during the fatigue tests and used to derive crack propagation based on beam-compliance. Results : The number of cycles until failure ranged between 34 and 82,481. In the last 1500 cycles prior to final fracture, the beam compliance increased consistently, indicating sub-critical crack propagation. It was calculated from the compliance change that the crack length increased 8% (77±14 μm) before final failure. The crack growth rate during sub-critical crack propagation was determined as a function of the stress intensity for the last 1500 cycles before fracture. Significance : A method is presented to determine slow crack propagation using a four-point bending test. Although fatigue lifetime varied widely, stable crack growth prior to fracture was consistent. This consistency allowed formulation of stress-based crack propagation relationships that can be used in concert with numerical simulations to predict composite restoration performance. The large variation found for specimen lifetime was attributed to the initiation process that precedes sub-critical crack propagation.
AN OVERVIEW OF COLLECTIVE EFFECTS IN CIRCULAR AND LINEAR ACCELERATORS

The purpose of both linear and circular accelerator is, of course, to accelerate beams of charged particles. In order to do this it is necessary not only to accelerate particles but also to confine them transversely so that they remain in the vacuum environment. Originally, as accelerators were developed, the intensity of the beams was rather low and so the external fields could be applied without regard to the effects of the space-charge forces of the beams. However, as the demand for high intensity increased, collective effects that are due to the space-charge forces became increasingly important. In order to control a beam of particles we apply external fields. These focus the beam transversely and accelerate it and focus it longitudinally. In addition to these externally applied fields a particle within the beam feels a field due to the charge and current of all the other particles in the beam. By collective effects, we mean all those modifications to the beam behavior which are due to these beam-induced forces. The first two major topics discussed are linear and circular accelerators. In the linear accelerator case, we will consider as examples only electron linacs that have relatively high energy and somore » particles will have {nu} {approx equal} c. For circular accelerators we'll consider both protons and electrons or their anti-particles. The next two topics are single bunches and multi-bunches. In both linear accelerators and circular accelerators the particles have a bunched character because they are accelerated by an RF system, and the RF has a natural wavelength. The next two topics arise from the natural separation of longitudinal and transverse effects. 40 refs., 30 figs., 1 tab.« less
Designing professional learning tasks for mathematics learning trajectories

In this paper, we present an emerging set of learning conjectures and design principles to be used in the development of professional learning tasks that support elementary teachers’ learning of mathematics learning trajectories. We outline our theoretical perspective on teacher knowledge of learning trajectories, review the literature concerning mathematics professional learning tasks, offer a set of initial conjectures about teacher learning of learning trajectories, and articulate a set of principles to guide the design of tasks. We conclude with an example of one learning trajectory professional learning task taken from our current research project.
Greatly increased occurrence of breast cancers in areas of mammographically dense tissue

Introduction Mammographic density is a strong, independent risk factor for breast cancer. A critical unanswered question is whether cancers tend to arise in mammographically dense tissue (i.e. are densities directly related to risk or are they simply a marker of risk). This question cannot be addressed by studying invasive tumors because they manifest as densities and cannot be confidently differentiated from the densities representing fibrous and glandular tissue. We addressed this question by studying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), as revealed by microcalcifications.
Subpicosecond, ultra-bright electron injector

We have designed and are building a subpicosecond electron injector. The injector is based on an 8 MeV photoinjector, used previously at Los Alamos in the APEX experiment. The nominal design includes magnetically compressing a 20 ps long, 3 nC bunch to a FWHM bunch length of 2/3 ps (peak current in excess of 3 kA) using a four dipole chicane buncher. The geometrical averaged transverse normalized transverse emittance after compression is about 15 /spl pi/ mm mrad.
Emotional Injury and the Northridge, California Earthquake

The probability of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or experiencing an emotional injury as a result of the Northridge, California earthquake was investigated among a multiethnic sample. Three successive cross-sectional samples were independently drawn for telephone interviews. Demographic attributes, characteristics of the earthquake experience, and resources available to the respondent, were considered. In chi-square analyses, these variables were related to the probability of an emotional injury as expected, with more vulnerable and exposed populations showing higher rates of injury. However, none of the variables were related to PTSD. In the multivariate model, which was a means for controlling for psychological distress, five variables emerged as independent predictors of emotional injury: (1) completing the interview in Spanish; (2) perceiving oneself as a victim of the quake; (3) being female; (4) having utilities disrupted; and (5) sustaining damage.
Analysis of cascaded quasi-optical grids

A general analysis method for cascaded grids is presented. The method is based on a full-wave theory for arbitrary periodic metal gratings printed on dielectrics and loaded with active or passive lumped devices. Each quasi-optical component is characterized by a multiport network, in which two of the ports represent the free-space regions on both sides of the grid surface, and the remaining ports are connected to the lumped loads. This approach allows cascading of quasi-optical components using transmission-line theory. Experimental validation between 2-18 GHz is presented for cascaded gratings loaded with lumped capacitors and resistors. >
Data gathering capacity of large scale multihop wireless networks

This paper studies the scaling laws of the data gathering capacity of large scale multihop wireless networks. Unlike the data communication paradigms studied in previous research, for example, the many-to-many, many-to-one, broadcast, and multicast paradigms, the data gathering capacity concerns the per source node throughput in a network where a subset of nodes send data to some designated destinations while other nodes serve as relays. This some-to-some communication paradigm is commonplace in many wireless networks, for example, wireless mesh networks and wireless sensor networks, and in some cases perhaps more prevalent than the other paradigms. We first derive the upper and constructive lower bounds for the data gathering capacity, and then examine their design and performance implications. Our results show that the data gathering capacity is constrained by different factors in several different scaling regimes of the number of source and destination nodes, exhibiting distinct scaling laws in those regimes. This work fills a gap in our understanding of the capacity of various communication paradigms, and can lead to better network planning and performance for data gathering wireless network applications.
Cognitive Effects of Hormonal Therapy in Older Adults

There is ample preclinical evidence that gonadal steroids (estrogens and androgens) play an important role in central nervous system development and function. The abrupt decline of estrogen levels in women after menopause, and the slower, subtler decline in total and bioavailable testosterone serum levels that occurs in aging men ("andropause," "male menopause," partial androgen deficiency in ageing males [PADAM]), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction prevalent in elderly adults. However, the current clinical evidence supporting hormonal replacement as a neuroprotective therapy is at best inconclusive. Anti-estrogen and anti-androgen hormonal therapies are used in the treatment of breast and prostate carcinomas, respectively. Although generally considered less toxic than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, these hormonal manipulations have side effects that are not trivial. This review will summarize the available evidence regarding the impact of these hormonal therapies on cognitive function in older adults. Additional clinical research in this field is needed to confirm the existence and severity of such a possible cognitive impact, which may then need to be considered prior to initiating hormonal therapies in the elderly, as many patients may be in the prodromal phase or early stages of a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease, and this information may influence treatment decision-making and subsequent management.
College Time: Implications for Student Mental Health Services

Abstract Time conditions on campus are in many ways extreme and contribute to the distinctiveness and stress of the college or university experience. This paper studies college time by examining the variables of duration, change, and degree of structure across the perspectives of the overall college career, the course of a single semester, and day to day student life. The most salient features that are identified are the interruptions in the college experience caused by vacations and leaves from campus, the extent and pace of change both over the college career and over the semester, and the lack of a set time structure in daily student life. These and other time features, it is proposed, have a dual effect on student mental health services, influencing the content and timing of students' issues in psychotherapy and the nature of the psychotherapy that mental health offices provide. In light of the special features of college time, recommendations are offered regarding waiting lists, duration of therapy, ...
Time Domain Studies of X-Ray Shot Noise in Cygnus X-1

We investigate the variability of Cygnus X-1 in the context of shot noise models, and employ a peak detection algorithm to select individual shots. For a long observation of the low, hard state, the distribution of time intervals between shots is found to be consistent with a purely random process, contrary to previous claims in the literature. The detected shots are fit to several model templates and found to have a broad range of shapes. The fitted shots have a distribution of timescales from below 10 milliseconds to above 1 second. The coherence of the cross spectrum of light curves of these data in different energy bands is also studied. The observed high coherence implies that the transfer function between low and high energy variability is uniform. The uniformity of the transfer function implies that the observed distribution of shot widths cannot have been acquired through Compton scattering. Our results in combination with other results in the literature suggest that shot luminosities are correlated with one another. We discuss how our experimental methodology relates to non-linear models of variability.
Regulation of Rubisco activase and its interaction with Rubisco

The large, alpha-isoform of Rubisco activase confers redox regulation of the ATP/ADP response of the ATP hydrolysis and Rubisco activation activities of the multimeric activase holoenzyme complex. The alpha-isoform has a C-terminal extension that contains the redox-sensitive cysteine residues and is characterized by a high content of acidic residues. Cross-linking and site-directed mutagenesis studies of the C-terminal extension that have provided new insights into the mechanism of redox regulation are reviewed. Also reviewed are new details about the interaction between activase and Rubisco and the likely mechanism of 'activation' that resulted from mutagenesis in a 'Sensor 2' domain of activase that AAA(+) proteins often use for substrate recognition. Two activase residues in this domain were identified that are involved in Rubisco recognition. The results directly complement earlier studies that identified critical residues for activase recognition in the large subunit of Rubisco.
USF-1 and USF-2 trans-repress IL-1β-induced iNOS transcription in mesangial cells

Transcriptional activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene requires multiple interactions of cis elements and trans-acting factors. Previous in vivo footprinting studies (Goldrin...
UVB irradiation up-regulates serine palmitoyltransferase in cultured human keratinocytes.

The enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50), which catalyzes the first committed and rate- limiting step in sphingolipid synthesis, is up-regulated in the epidermis as part of the homeostatic repair in response to permeability barrier perturbation. Moreover, UVB expo- sure, which also perturbs the barrier, up-regulates sphin- golipid synthesis, but the basis for this increase is not known. The recent isolation of cDNAs for SPT (i.e., LCB1 and LCB2 ) allow molecular regulation studies to be per- formed. Therefore, we determined whether UVB exposure alters mRNA, protein, or activity levels for SPT in cultured human keratinocytes (CHKs) as a mechanism for regulation of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis. In CHK, transcripts for both LCB1 (3.0 kb) and LCB2 (2.3 kb) are evident by Northern blot analysis, and UVB exposure (23 mJ/cm 2 ) in- duces a delayed 1.8 to 3.3-fold increase in LCB2 mRNA lev- els ( P , 0.01) 48 h after treatment versus non-irradiated control cells. In contrast, neither LCB1 nor a second LCB2 transcript (8.0 kb) changed significantly. Likewise, Lcb2 protein levels (by Western blot analysis), as well as SPT ac- tivity, increase in parallel with the increased LCB2 mRNA. Finally, incorporation of ( 14 C)-acetate into sphingolipids was increased significantly 48 h after UVB treatment. To- gether, these results demonstrate that CHKs respond to UVB by increasing sphingolipid synthesis, primarily through increases in both LCB2 mRNA and protein levels, leading to increased SPT activity. These results demonstrate one mechanism (UVB) whereby SPT is regulated at the molecu- lar level, and suggest further that epidermis up-regulates sphingolipid synthesis at both the mRNA and protein levels
Thermo-optic Coefficient of Polyisobutylene Ultrathin Films Measured with Integrated Photonic Devices

The optical properties of polymeric materials, such as transmission loss and the thermo-optic coefficient, determine their utility in numerous applications, ranging from nanotechnology to the automotive and aerospace industries. However, because of the wide variation in the physical properties of polymers, many are unsuited for characterization using conventional techniques; consequently, their optical properties are unknown. One such polymer is polyisobutylene, which is viscous at room temperature and therefore is not compatible with conventional transmission loss and the thermo-optic coefficient characterization techniques because they rely on contact measurements. To overcome this, we have developed an integrated, microscale optical sensor that relies on an evanescent wave to study the material’s optical behavior. Using this device, we successfully determined the refractive index, the transmission loss, and the thermo-optic coefficient of ultrathin films of polyisobutylene. The films are deposited on t...
Immunogold electron microscopy and confocal analyses reveal distinctive patterns of histone H3 phosphorylation during mitosis in MCF-7 cells

Histone phosphorylation has a profound impact on epigenetic regulation of gene expression, chromosome condensation and segregation, and maintenance of genome integrity. Histone H3 Serine 10 is evolutionally conserved and heavily phosphorylated during mitosis. To examine Histone H3 Serine 10 phosphorylation (H3S10ph) dynamics in mitosis, we applied immunogold labeling and confocal microscopy to visualize H3S10ph expression in MCF-7 cells. Confocal observations showed that MCF-7 cells had abundant H3S10ph expression in prophase and metaphase. In anaphase, the H3S10ph expression was significantly decreased and displayed only sparsely localized staining that mainly associated with the chromatid tips. We showed that immunogold bead density distribution followed the H3S10ph expression patterns observed in confocal analysis. At a higher magnification in metaphase, the immunogold beads were readily visible and the bead distribution along the condensed chromosomes was distinctive, indicating the specificity and reliability of the immunogold staining procedure. In anaphase, the beads were found to distribute focally in specific regions of chromatids, reinforcing the confocal observations of differential H3 phosphorylation. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the specific H3S10ph expression with an immunogold technique and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, with confocal microscopy, we analyzed H3S10ph expression in an immortalized cell line derived from benign uterine smooth muscle tumor cells. H3S10ph epitope was expressed more abundantly during anaphase in the benign tumor cells, and there was no dramatic differential expression within the condensed chromatid clusters as observed in MCF-7 cells. The differences in H3S10ph expression pattern and dynamics may contribute to the differential proliferative potential between benign tumor cells and MCF-7 cells.
Study on Harmonic Analysis and Prevention of Electric Vehicle Charging Station

According to field test results and typical configuration and parameters of Guangxi Nanning Zhuxi Overpass Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Liuzhou Tanzhong Electric Vehicle Charging Station, a harmonic current ratio calculating program is used to analyze the harmonic of charging stations. Considering properties of harmonic sources, structure and impedance parameters of power system, and harmonic standards, and so on., power system harmonic under different conditions of without filters and compensation, with passive filters and capacitance compensation, and with active filters and dynamic compensation, are analyzed by comparison of theory and simulation results, which provides conferences to the configuration of charging stations in the future.
Report one case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Objective:Report one case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(EDA)in order that we can place importance on it,though incidence rate of EDA is low.Methods:Retrospective analysis of one case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(EDA)and literature review.Results:Diagnose one case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(EDA)by physical examination and skin biopsy.Conclusion:If patient without infection endures with chronic fever,we should pay attention to do skin biopsy.
Persistent Maternal Hydronephrosis After Intra-Abdominal Pregnancy

AbstractPregnancy presents a wide range of difficult urological management problems. We report a unique case of a term intra-abdominal pregnancy complicated by persistent hydronephrosis after cesarean section. Intra-abdominal placenta degeneration was monitored by serial serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin values. Hydronephrosis ultimately resolved with conservative management.
The Upper Limit of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation Is Decreased with Elevations in Intracranial Pressure.

Background: The upper limit of cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation (ULA) is inadequately characterized. We sought to delineate the ULA in a neonatal swine model. Methods: Neonatal piglets with sham surgery (n = 9), interventricular fluid infusion (INF; n = 10), controlled cortical impact (CCI; n = 10), or impact + infusion (CCI + INF; n = 11) had intracranial pressure monitoring and bilateral cortical laser-Doppler flux recordings during arterial hypertension until lethality. An increase in red cell flux as a function of cerebral perfusion pressure was determined by piecewise linear regression and static rates of autoregulation (SRoRs) were determined above and below this inflection. Results: When identified, the ULA (median [interquartile range]) was as follows: sham group: 102 mmHg (97–109), INF group: 75 mmHg (52–84), CCI group: 81 mmHg (69–101), and CCI + INF group: 61 mmHg (52–57; p = 0.01). Both groups with interventricular infusion had significantly lower ULA compared with the sham group. Conclusion: Neonatal piglets without intracranial pathological conditions tolerated acute hypertension, with minimal perturbation of cerebral blood flow. Piglets with acutely elevated intracranial pressure, with or without trauma, demonstrated loss of autoregulation when subjected to arterial hypertension.
Jacobs’s Uncle Tom, Stowe’s Incidents: Hiding in the Attic “Loophole”

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl has inspired controversy ever since its publication in 1861. Jean Fagan Yellin in her essay “Written by Herself: Harriet Jacobs’s Slave Narrative,” appearing i...
Ultrasonic techniques for assessing wall vibrations in stenosed arteries

Arterial stenoses are often associated with audible bruits. Quantitative analysis of the bruit spectrum has been successfully used to predict the residual lumen diameter in carotid stenoses. Arterial wall vibrations occurring due to turbulent pressure fluctuations in the post-stenotic jet are known to be the source of the bruits. We present novel signal processing techniques that enable the detailed noninvasive assessment of these vibrations in real time using color-Doppler and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound. A color-Doppler-based two-dimensional vibration imaging technique can be used to locate the source of the bruits relative to the underlying anatomy. Subsequently, a pulsed-wave Doppler-based technique can be used to analyze the bruit spectrum quantitatively. Experiments in ex vivo arteries indicate that these techniques can predict the location of the bruit as well as its spectral content. Case studies on human subjects with stenosed vein grafts are presented and the clinical applicability of this technique is discussed.
The Holy Beggar: Religion and Society in Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s Great World Theatre of Salzburg

(1945). The Holy Beggar: Religion and Society in Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s Great World Theatre of Salzburg. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 261-286.
Cascade-Driven Series with Narrower Multifractal Spectra Than Their Surrogates

Multifractal (or singularity) spectra widths w allow diagnosing cascade structure through comparing original seriesź widths wOrig to surrogate seriesź widths wSurr. However, interpretations of 0
Data Aggregation Scheduling in Probabilistic Wireless Networks with Cognitive Radio Capability

Transitional Region Phenomenon leads to the existence of lossy links in wireless networks, which results in a transmission between two users who are theoretically connected under the Deterministic Network Model cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, we focus on a more practical network model - Probabilistic Network Model (PNM) which can better characterize the lossy links in wireless networks. To be specific, we focus on the investigation of accelerating data aggregation process in probabilistic wireless networks with the cognitive radio technology. By involving cognitive radio technology, users in the wireless networks can seek extra transmission opportunity if other spectrum resource is available. Otherwise, the data aggregation process still can be done on the default working spectrum. Particularly, we are interested in the time efficient data aggregation scheduling problem. In this work, a two phase scheduling algorithm is proposed. The first phase is finding an efficient routing structure considering the speciality of the network model under investigation. In the second phase, a dynamic scheduling algorithm is introduced. Theoretical analysis is provided to estimate the lower latency bound for the scheduling algorithm, followed by the experimental simulation verification.
Impurity screening behavior of the high-field side scrape-off layer in near-double-null configurations: prospect for mitigating plasma–material interactions on RF actuators and first-wall components

The impurity screening response of the high-field side (HFS) scrape-off layer (SOL) to localized nitrogen injection is investigated on Alcator C-Mod for magnetic equilibria spanning lower-single-null, double-null and upper-single-null configurations under otherwise identical plasma conditions. L-mode, EDA H-mode and I-mode discharges are investigated. HFS impurity screening is found to depend on magnetic flux balance and the direction of B??×?? B relative to the most active divertor. Impurity 'plume' emission patterns indicate that both parallel and perpendicular (E??×??B) flows in the SOL contribute to the 'flushing' of impurities towards the active divertor, thereby affecting the overall impurity screening behavior. Despite the fact that the HFS SOL is extremely narrow in near-double-null configurations, this SOL is able to screen locally injected nitrogen at least as effectively as the low-field side (LFS) SOL?up to a factor of 10 more effective, depending on specific plasma conditions and whether the magnetic geometry produces parallel flows that work with or against E??×??B flows. For situations in which the E??×??B drift of the impurity ions opposes parallel flow toward the primary divertor, HFS impurity screening is found to be least effective. When E??×??B drifts assist parallel flow toward the primary divertor, HFS impurity screening is found to be very effective. These data support the idea of placing RF actuators and close-fitting wall components on the HFS of the tokamak. With this configuration, near-double-null magnetic topologies may be used for active control of plasma parameters at the antenna/plasma interface for optimal RF coupling, mitigate the generation of local impurities from plasma?material interactions and, taking advantage of favorable plasma flows and good screening properties of the HFS SOL, further minimize the impact of wall-born impurity sources on the plasma core.
Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Head and Neck: Incidence and Survival, 1992-2013.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics and survival of desmoplastic melanoma of the head and neck (DMHN) and discuss the factors influencing survival variation among DMHN, DM of other sites (DMnHN), and conventional melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN). Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (years 1992-2013). Subjects and Methods Incidence and survival data for 1095 patients with DMHN, 1139 patients with DMnHN, and 40,257 patients with CMHN were obtained. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate survival outcomes. Results Patients with DMHN were diagnosed at greater Breslow thickness ( P 4.00 mm ( P = .006), lymph node status ( P < .001), and presence of ulceration ( P < .001) were found to be independent predictors of DSS for DMHN. Conclusion The increasing incidence and poor survivability of DMHN compared to DMnHN and CMHN are parsimoniously explained by the later stage of disease and depth of invasion at diagnosis, highlighting the importance of improved diagnosis and awareness of DMHN.
Lager und Lagerwerkstoffe für Dieselmotoren

Gleitlager als altbewahrtes Maschinenelement haben auch aktuell eine sehr grose Bedeutung in ihrer Anwendung im Dieselmotor als Pleuel- und Hauptlager im Kurbeltrieb sowie verschiedenen Lagerstellen der Nebentriebe. Ihre grose Zuverlassigkeit und sichere Funktion unter den geforderten Betriebsbedingungen sowie geringer Bauraum, einfache Montage und vergleichsweise geringe Kosten sind Hauptargumente fur den Einsatz dieses Maschinenelementes in zukunftigen Motorengenerationen. Neue Werkstoffe, neue Beschichtungen und eine Vielzahl geometrischer Feinabstimmungen zur Optimierung der Belastungsverteilung sind die Hauptentwicklungsrichtungen, um den steigenden Anforderungen neuer Motorengenerationen gerecht zu werden.
Resolving harmful medical mistakes-is there a role for forgiveness?

After a patient has been harmed, both the patient and the physician need to work through a process of forgiveness that will take time. The physician should not expect to be forgiven or to forgive him- or herself right away.
Complementarity at the African Court

The proposed African Criminal Court, which will form part of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights, is designed to be complementary to national courts in Africa, as well as to sub-regional courts with criminal jurisdiction. This book chapter analyzes the complementarity provision of the statute of the proposed court, which largely replicates article 17 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It seeks to elucidate the likely relationship between the proposed African Court and the ICC, as well as between the African Court and national and regional courts in Africa. The chapter then addresses the normative question of how the proposed African Court should interact with these other institutions. While a great deal of theoretical work remains to be done in this area, the chapter suggests that as regional and sub-regional criminal courts such as the proposed African Court emerge, they should not be viewed as forming a jurisdictional hierarchy, with national courts at the top and the ICC at the bottom, but rather as providing a menu of adjudicative options. Jurisdictional priority should be decided by balancing a range of factors from practical considerations such as ease of obtaining evidence and custody, to defendants’ rights. Particular attention should be paid to the interests of each institution’s constitutive community in adjudicating a particular case. In this way, national, regional, and international criminal courts can truly complement each other.
Methotrexate-induced cutaneous B-cell lymphoma masquerading as facial cellulitis

Abstract Objective To describe a case of methotrexate-induced cutaneous B-cell lymphoma presenting as facial cellulitis to focus on the importance of considering a wide differential and expediting biopsy. Method Case Report and Literature Review. Case report We report a case of an 89 year old gentleman who presented with central facial skin involvement of what appeared to be an extensive cellulitis of infectious etiology which was not responsive to treatment. After much investigation, a link was made between his long-term methotrexate use and the risk for cutaneous lymphomas. A cutaneous biopsy was able to confirm thdis diagnosis. Literature review Over the past 20 years, a rising trend has been noted in the incidence of lymphoma, including cutaneous forms, in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis treated with long-term methotrexate. This rare but serious complication has been hypothesized to be secondary to both increased immunosuppression with genetic predisposition and increased frequency of latent infections such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Most of the reported cases describe complete regression of these malignancies with cessation of methotrexate use. However, the diagnosis can be difficult to ascertain due to the rarity and infectious appearing nature of the disease. Conclusion Methotrexate-associated cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is an entity that should be considered in patients who present with the appearance of facial cellulitis and are on long-term methotrexate therapy.
Elites and Turnovers in Authoritarian Enclaves: Evidence from Mexico

The year 2010 saw five gubernatorial elections in Mexico in which the PAN and the left built electoral alliances. These alliances were made in states with authoritarian features, where the PRI had never lost the governor’s office. In Oaxaca, Puebla, and Sinaloa the PRI lost, while in Durango and Hidalgo it did not. Why did the electoral outcome differ in similar cases? This article argues that the outcome of each election, turnover or no turnover, depended on the behavior of the elites, both authoritarian and opposition. The PRI lost when the authoritarian elite fractured while the opposition was unified, including the groups that had defected from the established elite.
Identifying Jumps in Asset Prices

For over a hundred years, diffusion differential equations have been used to model the changes in asset prices. Despite obvious fundamental problems with these equations, such as the requirement of continuity, they often provide adequate local fits to the observed asset price process. There are, however, several aspects of the empirical process that are not fit by simple diffusion equations.
FORAGING TACTICS OF FLYCATCHERS IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA

Foraging characteristics of seven species of flycatchers were studied in the ridge and valley province of southwestern Virginia. For each species the percentage of use for various substrates was recorded and an index of substrate diversity was calculated. Foraging perch heights within trees were recorded and compared to the canopy height. Three characteristics of the foraging flights were also recorded; length of the flight, method of capture, and whether the flycatcher returned to the same foraging perch after the flight.
The CMOS Inverter

Complementing a logical variable A to give Ā is accomplished using a basic inverter circuit. A standard CMOS inverter is quite simple and is built using two opposite-polarity MOSFETs in a complementary manner. The circuit gives a large output voltage swing and only dissipates significant power when the input is switched; these are two important properties of CMOS logic circuits. This chapter provides a detailed examination of a CMOS inverter and sets the foundations for most higher-level CMOS designs.
What the Replication Reformation Wrought

Replication failures were among the triggers of a reform movement which, in a very short time, has been enormously useful in raising standards and improving methods. As a result, the massive multilab multi-experiment replication projects have served their purpose and will die out. We describe other types of replications - both friendly and adversarial - that should continue to be beneficial.
Reductive Elimination to Form C(sp3)–N Bonds from Palladium(II) Primary Alkyl Complexes

Reductive eliminations to form alkyl–nitrogen bonds are rare, and examples of this reaction from isolated complexes containing simple, unstabilized primary alkyl groups have not been observed. We report the synthesis of stable neopentylpalladium(II) anilido and methyleneamido complexes that undergo reductive elimination to form the C(sp3)–N bonds in N-neopentyl anilines and N-neopentyl imines, respectively. The synthesis and isolation of these complexes were enabled by weak chelation of palladium by P,O ancillary ligands. DFT calculations suggest that neopentylpalladium(II) complexes undergo reductive elimination by a concerted mechanism resembling a migration of the alkyl ligand to the nitrogen either following initial dissociation of the oxygen donor or in concert with lengthening of the Pd–O bond, depending on the identities of the reacting and ancillary ligands.
The effects of stable stratification on the decay of initially isotropic homogeneous turbulence

We report on direct numerical simulations of the decay of initially isotropic, homogeneous turbulence subject to the application of stable density stratification. Flows were simulated for three different initial Reynolds numbers, but for the same initial Froude number. We find that the flows pass through three different dynamical regimes as they decay, depending on the local values of the Froude number and activity parameter. These regimes are analogous to those seen in the experimental study of Spedding (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 337, 1997, pp. 283–301) for the wake of a sphere. The flows initially decay with little influence of stratification, up to approximately one buoyancy period, when the local Froude number has dropped below 1. At this point the flows have adjusted to the density stratification, and, if the activity parameter is large enough, begin to decay at a slower rate and spread horizontally at a faster rate, consistent with the predictions of Davidson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 663, 2010, pp. 268–292) and the scaling arguments of Billant & Chomaz (Phys. Fluids, vol. 13, 2001, pp. 1645–1651). We refer to this second regime as the stratified turbulence regime. As the flows continue to decay, ultimately the activity parameter drops below approximately 1 as viscous effects begin to dominate. In this regime, the flows have become quasi-horizontal, and approximately obey the scaling arguments of Godoy-Diana et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 504, 2004, pp. 229–238).
Long-Term Trends of Corn Yield and Soil Organic Matter in Different Crop Sequences and Soil Fertility Treatments on the Morrow Plots

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the history of the Morrow Plots and the effects of their experimental treatments on corn yield and soil variables. Statistical analyses of the complete yield and soil organic matter (SOM) record are presented. The chapter considers the trends in response to rotation and fertility treatments applied during the main phases of the Morrow Plots' history. Yield responses simultaneously reflect changing soil productivity levels and the immediate effects of improved technology and weather. By analyzing soil variables, soil organic C, total N, pH, P, and K throughout the trial's history, the chapter explores the long-term effects of treatments on the system's productive potential. Changes in the Morrow Plots' treatments have provided an empirical basis upon which one can evaluate the several phases in agricultural history. Findings have shown that production is greater where soil condition is maintained, and that use of mineral fertilizers has offset to large extent losses in soil productivity.
Is Academic Medicine Ready for Term Limits

The use of term limits in politics and business has been proposed as a means to refresh leadership, encourage innovation, and decrease gender and racial disparities in positions of power. Many U.S. states and the executive boards of businesses have incorporated them into their constitutions and bylaws; however, studies in politics and business have shown that implementing term limits has had mixed results. Specifically, research in politics has shown that term limits have had a minimal effect on the number of women and minorities elected to office, while research in business indicates term limits do increase innovation. Additionally, term limits may have unintended negative consequences, including inhibiting individuals from developing deep expertise in a specific area of interest and destabilizing institutions that endure frequent turnover in leaders. Given this conflicting information, it is not surprising that academic medical centers (AMCs) in the United States have not widely incorporated term limits for those holding positions of power, including deans, presidents, provosts, and department heads. Notably, a few AMCs have incorporated such limits for some positions, and faculty have viewed these positively for their ability to shape a more egalitarian and collaborative culture. Drawing on studies from academic medicine, politics, and business, the author examines arguments both for and against instituting term limits at AMCs. The author concludes that despite strong arguments against term limits, they deserve attention in academic medicine, especially given their potential to help address gender and racial disparities and to encourage innovation.
Evaluation on Pseudo-Doppler Antenna Array using Software-Defined-Radio

We investigated the effects of adjacent monopole spacing of pseudo-doppler antenna arrays (PDAAs) on detecting the angle-of-arrival (AoA) in both indoor and outdoor environments above 2 GHz. A software-defined-radio technology was adopted to realize the capability of PDAA. Among three adjacent monopole spacing (0.1414λ, 0.2λ, and 0.25λ, where λ is the wavelength of the frequency), the adjacent monopole spacing of 0.2λ showed the lowest angle difference between desired and actual angle in both environments above 2 GHz.