cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boiling and Frying Peanuts Decreases Soluble Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 But Does Not Generate Hypoallergenic Peanuts.

Peanut allergy continues to be a problem in most developed countries of the world. We sought a processing method that would alter allergenic peanut proteins, such that allergen recognition by IgE from allergic individuals would be significantly reduced or eliminated. Such a method would render accidental exposures to trace amounts of peanuts safer. A combination of boiling and frying decreased recovery of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 at their expected MWs. In contrast, treatment with high pressures under varying temperatures had no effect on protein extraction profiles. Antibodies specific for Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 bound proteins extracted from raw samples but not in boiled/fried samples. However, pre-incubation of serum with boiled/fried extract removed most raw peanut-reactive IgE from solution, including IgE directed to Ara h 1 and 2. Thus, this method of processing is unlikely to generate a peanut product tolerated by peanut allergic patients. Importantly, variability in individual patients’ IgE repertoires may mean that some patients’ IgE would bind fewer polypeptides in the sequentially processed seed.
Evaluation of a Phosphate To Control Pathogen Growth in Fresh and Processed Meat Products.

The efficacy of a phosphate blend, Bekaplus MSP, to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens in fresh or processed meat products was studied. The following products and challenge microorganisms were tested: ground beef, Escherichia coli O157:H7; linked smoked sausage, Salmonella typhimurium and L. monocytogenes ; cured smoked ham, S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes ; and fresh pork sausage, E. coli O157:H7. All the products were prepared with or without 0.5% phosphate, individually inoculated with the challenge microorganism (103CFU/g of meat), and stored at either 4, 12, or 20°C. There was minimal or no effect of the phosphate blend on the growth of L. monocytogenes or S. typhimurium . The temperature of storage had a significant effect (P 0.05) on E. coli O157:H7, but the presence of phosphate in the fresh pork sausage had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on controlling E. coli O157:H7. These results indicate that this phosphate blend could be used in fresh pork sausage to help inhibit the growth of E. coli O157:H7.
The Network Executive Did It

Abstract An analysis of the episode “Swept Away” on NBC's Law & Order Illustrates that ethics of entertainment television relates not only to network programming executives but also to producers, crew members, cast, and viewers. Current trends in reality television based on ridicule strain the bounds of what ethical people should consider proper.
Presenting Signs of Mitochondrial Disease

Clinical features of 51 patients confirmed with mitochondrial respiratory chain disease and clinical investigations most helpful in diagnosis of different phenotypes are reported from the Divisions of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurobiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Critical power for connectivity with cooperative transmission in wireless ad hoc sensor networks

The opportunistic large array (OLA) system is a novel method used to perform cooperative transmission in large sensor networks. Cooperation is obtained by a simple transmission strategy based on the integrate-and-fire model in biological swarms. The method utilizes the accumulation of signals from simultaneously transmitting nodes, therefore, it is energy efficient compared to conventional point-to-point networks due to the power accumulation effect. In this paper, we study the gain in energy-savings that we can obtain by using OLA. We analyze particular network topologies to obtain the asymptotic behavior of the minimum energy solution and verify our analysis through numerical simulations. Our discussions show that with cooperative transmission, network flooding can be reliably obtained with low average power per node compared to standard multi-hop networks.
Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety in Minimally Verbal Children With ASD

Abstract Determining the presence of anxiety in minimally verbal children with ASD can be especially challenging given their limited ability to self-report coupled with the overlapping features of anxiety and ASD. In contrast to verbal individuals, for whom the verbal/cognitive and subjective response domains are customarily assessed, assessment in this population is often limited to the behavioral domain. We use the term anxious avoidance to refer to avoidant behavior associated with traditional indicators of anxiety (e.g., fearful affect); and simple avoidance to refer to avoidance of nonpreferred situations not associated with apparent anxiety. Behavioral assessment should include the use of parent report measures, naturalistic and structured observations, analysis of parent–child interactions that may reinforce anxiety and avoidant behavior, and evaluation of parental anxiety. Graduated exposure and related interventions demonstrated to be effective with typically developing children appear applicable to individuals with ASD—though minimally verbal children will likely be unable participate in cognitive-behavioral therapies.
Software and Runtime Environment

In this chapter we focus on the problem of synthesis of the software component of system design. We consider the software portion to be of limited size and mapped to real memory so that the issues related to virtual memory management are not relevant to this problem. The objective of software implementation is to generate a sequence of processor or machine instructions from the set of flow graph models. Due to significant differences in processor abstractions at the levels of graph model and machine instructions, this task is performed in two separate steps: (1) generation of a program in a high-level programming language, C; followed by (2) compilation of the program into machine instructions by a software compiler and an assembler for the processor. We assume that the processor is a predesigned general-purpose component with available compiler and assembler. Therefore, the important issue in software synthesis is the generation of the source-level program. Most of this chapter is devoted to this step of software synthesis. Towards the end of this chapter we discuss important issues related to software compilation and linking
Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer.

610Background: Growing evidence have shown promise for targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling in several tumors. However, the role of PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor cells and its interaction with other clinicopathologic factors remain elusive. Methods: We constructed a tissue microarray with paraffin-embedded primary colon cancer tissue (n=103; stage I, 22; II: 44; III: 37). Expression levels of biomarkers (PD-L1, EGFR, p53, Ki67, LEF1, VEGF, COX2, MMR – by IHC, and MiR-34a - by in situ hybridization), clinicopathologic variables and clinical outcomes were investigated. H-score evaluation of PD-L1 was performed. Tumors with an H score >55, derived using Cutoff Finder, were considered PD-L1 positive for use in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test and in Cox regression models for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 4.7 years (range 0.1-20.8). Positive PLD1 w...
Real time video analysis to monitor neonatal medical condition

One in eight live births in the United States is premature and these infants have complications leading to life threatening events such as apnea (pauses in breathing), bradycardia (slowness of heart) and hypoxia (oxygen desaturation). Infant movement pattern has been hypothesized as an important predictive marker for these life threatening events. Thus estimation of movement along with behavioral states, as a precursor of life threatening events, can be useful for risk stratification of infants as well as for effective management of disease state. However, more important and challenging is the determination of the behavioral state of the infant. This information includes important cues such as sleep position and the status of the eyes, which are important markers for neonatal neurodevelopment state. This paper explores the feasibility of using real time video analysis to monitor the condition of premature infants. The image of the infant can be segmented into regions to localize and focus on specific areas of interest. Analysis of the segmented regions can be performed to identify different parts of the body including the face, arms, legs and torso. This is necessary due to real-time processing speed considerations. Such a monitoring system would be of great benefit as an aide to medical staff in neonatal hospital settings requiring constant surveillance. Any such system would have to satisfy extremely stringent reliability and accuracy requirements, before it can be deployed in a hospital care unit, due to obvious reasons. The effect of lighting conditions and interference will have to be mitigated to achieve such performance.
The use of thrombolytics in the management of complex pleural fluid collections

Background: To determine the efficacy of thrombolytics for the management of complex pleural fluid collections. Methods: We reviewed patients that received alteplase for persistent loculated pleural fluid collections after simple tube drainage between July 01, 2007 and November 01, 2012. Our alteplase protocol is 6 mg of alteplase in 50 mL of normal saline injected into the pleural chest tube. The chest tube is clamped for four hours and then opened. Normally this is repeated daily for 2 to 3 days (d). Results: One hundred and three [103] patients were identified with 110 interventions. Sixty-eight (66%) of the patients were male, with ages ranging from 20–91 years (y), mean 57.2 y. Twenty (18.2%) patients were trauma patients, 60 (55%) had hypertension and 32 (35%) were smokers. Most patients had one of the following diagnoses: 79.6% (82/110) loculated pleural fluid collection as a result of an empyema or 20.4% (21/110) retained hemothorax. The mean time from diagnosis to alteplase treatment for a hemothorax was 12.8 days (range, 1–32 days) and 16.2 days (range, 4–48 days) for an empyema. The mean duration of therapy was 2.2±1.4 days (1–11 days). The time from alteplase to chest tube removal was 4.5 days (1–21 days). Eleven of 103 (10.7%) patients required surgery including 3 video assisted decortications. The others had adequate radiographic resolution. Seventeen patients (16.5%) died, in the hospital of: sepsis, respiratory failure, aortic injury, and cardiac arrest. Conclusions: Alteplase therapy is an effective alternative to surgery in most complex pleural fluid collections.
Effects of an invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, and a generalist herbivore, white-tailed deer, on forest floor plant community composition

Abstract Both overabundant ungulates and invasive shrubs negatively impact forest floor plants, but few studies have investigated their interaction. We tested for direct effects and interactions of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, on forest floor plant richness and composition in five sites in southwest Ohio. In each site a deer exclosure and an unfenced plot (each 20 × 20 m) were established in 2010; in half of each plot all L. maackii was removed. Each spring and summer, 2011–2014, percent cover of each plant species in 50 × 20 cm subplots was recorded. Herb layer species richness was greater where L. maackii was removed, and this effect tended to be stronger where deer were excluded. Species composition in the spring was not affected by treatments, whereas summer species composition (in one year) was affected by L. maackii treatment. Cover of graminoids, spring herbs, and vines were lower where L. maackii was intact, whereas cover of shrubs and tree seedlings were lower, and cover of bare ground higher, where deer had access. Our findings reveal that deer and L. maackii negatively impact different components of the forest herb layer. However, the combined effects on species richness tended to be antagonistic (less than additive), possibly due to deer browse reducing the cover of this invasive shrub. This suggests that the diversity of the herb layer will be enhanced more by both removal of invasive shrubs and reduction of the deer population than by either management action alone.
Modern (Multiple) Time Series Models: The Dynamic System

While Chap. 3’s univariate models capture dynamic patterns of a single variable, and multivariate models allow us to analyze the dynamic effect of marketing actions on performance, they leave several interesting phenomena unexplored. These include: 1. dual causality among marketing and performance, which could be tied in a long-term equilibrium; 2. explaining competitive marketing activity and predicing competitive reaction, and 3. uncovering decision rules of key market players, such as retailers (Dekimpe and Hanssens 1999).
Technical Note: The Definition of New Dental Morphological Variants Related to Malocclusion: Traits of Malocclusion

Since the codification of the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System over 25 years ago, few additional morphological traits have been defined. This work serves to expand the current suite of traits currently collected by biological anthropologists. These traits surround various issues of malocclusion and follow clinical definitions of these traits as well as incorporate observed population variation in character states. These traits include issues of spacing (i.e., diastema and crowding) as well as mandibular and maxillary occlusion (i.e., overbite, underbite). A discussion of the etiology and utility of these traits in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological research is also given.
Press Ganey Outpatient Medical Practice Survey Scores Do Not Correlate With Patient-Reported Outcomes After Primary Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Patient delivery of care satisfaction surveys have emerged as instruments to assess the quality of health care at both the hospital and provider levels. We evaluated the correlation between these care satisfaction surveys and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods We reviewed secondary data on 540 patients with 540 random visits who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty between January 2014 and February 2017. The Press Ganey Outpatient Medical Practice Survey was collected from outpatient clinical encounters to measure patient satisfaction with their experience and matched to PRO measures from the same encounter. The PROs evaluated included the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function computerized adaptive test, v1.2, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global 10 health survey. In addition to the random selection, we reviewed separate cross-sections of the data including preoperative visits within 90 days of the index procedure, all postoperative visits at least 1 year from the index procedure, and the magnitude of change in PRO scores from preoperative to a minimum 1-year postoperative visit. Data were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient (rs). Results There was little if any correlation between the Press Ganey scores and PROs at all time points evaluated (all, rs: −0.13 to 0.14). When evaluating knee and hip arthroplasty cases separately, the data demonstrated similar results (all, rs: −0.33 to 0.18). Conclusion We found little, if any, correlation between a patient’s satisfaction with their care experience and their own perception of physical function and global health measures at all time points evaluated. These data question the utility of these scores as surrogate measures of health care quality, especially when reimbursements become tied to these metrics.
Privatization and Social Equity: A Research Note

AbstractThis brief study outlines ongoing research by the author, research that explores the relationship between levels of privatization and minority1 employment in the 1980s and 1990s. The privatization of municipal services, either through service contracts between government and industry or through government’s total divestment2 of responsibility, often enabled financially strapped communities to maximize efficiency. On the other hand, many observers questioned whether the increased efficiency of contracting out resulted from a decreased emphasis on diversity goals and affirmative action. Employee groups, it may be said, often opposed privatization when a loss of jobs was at stake (see Ferris, 1986, and Murray, 1985). This research note indicates an ongoing exploration of the empirical links between privatization initiatives and diversity commitments.
Temperament in the School Context

The Fullerton Longitudinal Study is somewhat unique in terms of methodology in comparison to much of the extant research on the relation of temperament to various aspects of children’s experiences in the school context. Much, if not most, prior research on temperament in the school context uses intact classrooms of students, often utilizing teacher reports of temperament based on their observations of the children’s behavior in the classroom environment. This arrangement provides numerous research advantages, including, for example, temperament ratings of children based in somewhat standard settings with somewhat consistent demands/stressors and expectations, temperament ratings by teachers who are experienced and knowledgeable observers of behavior who have had a wealth of opportunity to observe the range of behavioral styles present in most classrooms, and access to regularly-collected indicators of academic performance (grade reports, standardized tests, etc.). In contrast, the FLS is not restricted to a single, isolated classroom, school district, or region. The FLS sample is comprised of children attending a variety of types of schools (e.g., private non-sectarian, private with religious affiliation, public) across a broad geographic region spanning not only Southern California, where all study children were born, but, as the study progressed, increasingly diverse geographic locations. Indeed, as the study participants advanced through their formal education, they were living in states as varied as California, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Texas, Ohio, and Minnesota, for example.
Low-Velocity Impact Tests on Fibrous Composite Sandwich Structures

The effect of low-velocity projectile impact on the load-carrying ability of the composite sandwich structural components is investigated experimentally, the impact simulating the damage caused by runway debris and the accidental dropping of hand tools during servicing on secondary aircraft structures made with composites. The sandwich-type beam specimens were fabricated with graphite/epoxy face sheets, aluminum honeycomb core, and a steel (back) plate. A four-point beam-loading apparatus was used, and the ultimate strength, ultimate strain, and residual strength of the composites were determined. A faired curve is presented indicating the lower bound of the failure threshold for each of the laminate configurations tested in compression and tension as a function of the projectile impact energy. It is shown that strength degradation due to impact is dependent on the laminate configuration and the fiber/matrix combination. The laminates having more angle plies near the impact surface and unidirectional plies elsewhere seem to show extensive interply and intraply fiber delaminations at failure relative to the laminates with a cross-ply on the impact surface.
Synoptic Climatology of the Arizona Summer Precipitation Singularity

Using the percent of climatological stations reporting rain as a measure of the raininess of a particular day in Arizona, a large increase in rainfall within a few days is found to occur about July...
Vortex of Corruption: Longitudinal Analysis of Normative Pressures in Top Global Companies

It is widely acknowledged that corruption by any firm is problematic. More importantly, its negative effects are compounded when (a) corruption is present in large firms with global reach and (b) corruption ceases to be a single instance but becomes a reoccurring or perpetuating phenomenon over time. Though the magnification of corruption over both time and size of operations creates scale effects that amplify its detrimental consequences, this context remains largely unexamined empirically. Thus, our research question is: What are the factors that contribute to corruption by large global firms? Drawing on institutional theory, we examine the normative pressures that interact to create a vortex of corporate corruption that persisted over several years. We analyze a 9-year longitudinal dataset of 469 unique FT Global 500 companies representing 31 primary industries and 33 countries with over 3700 company year observations. Results help disentangle a complex interaction of firm-level and headquarters country-level factors that drive corruption and impact performance among top global firms.
Abstract 520: Skeletal Muscle Myosin Supports the Anticoagulant Functions of Activated Protein C and Protein S but not Protein C Activation by Thrombin:Thrombomodulin

Skeletal muscle myosin was reported by Deguchi et al to promote thrombus formation ex vivo for flowing human whole blood, to support prothrombinase activity in plasma and to promote prothrombin act...
Comparison of Passive 2-D and 3-D Ring Arrays for Medical Telemetry Focusing

In this letter, we investigate the performance of subdermal ring designs for focusing electromagnetic fields inside the body for next-generation implantable medical devices. We will concentrate on the Medical Implant Communications Service band $(\text{402} \text{--}\text{405 MHz})$ , but prepare our design at $\text{433 MHz}$ , the nearest Industrial, Scientific, Medical band. The designs include two-dimensional (2-D or coplanar) and 3-D arrays of circular rings and 3-D arrays of ellipses. The 3-D ring and ellipse arrays focus the fields more effectively than 2-D designs, through constructive coupling between the rings. Compared to the case where no rings are used, the power available from the focused field 20 mm below the skin is 2.24 times and 3.12 times larger if 3-D rings and 3-D ellipses are utilized, respectively. Rings can be used for circular polarization applications, and ellipses are more optimal for linear polarization applications.
A Dynamic Matrix Exponential Via a Matrix Cylinder Transformation

Abstract In this work, we develop a new matrix exponential on time scales via a cylinder transformation with a component-wise, locally μ Δ -integrable square matrix subscript. Our resulting matrix function can be written in terms of the matrix exponential of a Lebesgue integral added to a logarithmic sum in terms of the gaps of a general time scale. Under strict commutativity conditions, we show our dynamic matrix exponential is equivalent to the one in the standard literature. Finally, we demonstrate that our matrix exponential satisfies a nonlinear dynamic integral equation.
Near-simultaneous bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of bilateral fracture dislocations of the shoulder.

A man in his mid-80s presented with bilateral posterior fracture dislocations of the humerus after suffering a seizure. He had Parskinson’s disease and lived with his wife at home. His left shoulder was not felt to be reconstructable. The initial treatment plan was to perform reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) on the left and non-operatively reduce his right shoulder. A left rTSA was performed, but his right shoulder was unstable due to a glenoid fracture and soft tissue instability. In order to preserve the patient’s quality of life, a right rTSA was performed 4 days later. In the follow-up period, the patient was able to regain enough pain-free range of motion on activities of daily living. The patient died from complications of Parkinson’s disease 10 months postoperatively.
Human Evaluation of Models Built for Interpretability

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in interpretable machine learning systems built on models that can be understood, at least to some degree, by domain experts. However, exactly what kinds of models are truly human-interpretable remains poorly understood. This work advances our understanding of precisely which factors make models interpretable in the context of decision sets, a specific class of logic-based model. We conduct carefully controlled human-subject experiments in two domains across three tasks based on human-simulatability through which we identify specific types of complexity that affect performance more heavily than others–trends that are consistent across tasks and domains. These results can inform the choice of regularizers during optimization to learn more interpretable models, and their consistency suggests that there may exist common design principles for interpretable machine learning systems.
Distributed Proprioception of 3D Configuration in Soft, Sensorized Robots via Deep Learning

Creating soft robots with sophisticated, autonomous capabilities requires these systems to possess reliable, on-line proprioception of 3D configuration through integrated soft sensors. We present a framework for predicting a soft robot's 3D configuration via deep learning using feedback from a soft, proprioceptive sensor skin. Our framework introduces a kirigami-enabled strategy for rapidly sensorizing soft robots using off-the-shelf materials, a general kinematic description for soft robot geometry, and an investigation of neural network designs for predicting soft robot configuration. Even with hysteretic, non-monotonic feedback from the piezoresistive sensors, recurrent neural networks show potential for predicting our new kinematic parameters and, thus, the robot's configuration. One trained neural network closely predicts steady-state configuration during operation, though complete dynamic behavior is not fully captured. We validate our methods on a trunk-like arm with 12 discrete actuators and 12 proprioceptive sensors. As an essential advance in soft robotic perception, we anticipate our framework will open new avenues towards closed loop control in soft robotics.
Using Regularized Singularities to Model Stokes Flow: A Study of Fluid Dynamics Induced by Metachronal Ciliary Waves

Pulmonary cilia are instrumental in the mucociliary clearance process that propels contaminants and bacteria out of the lungs. Cilia are small, slender fibers found in dense, carpet-like patches that impart a force on the surrounding fluid through coordinated motion. The motion of a single cilium in the lung is comprised of an upright power stroke relative to the cell surface from which it protrudes and an out-of-plane recovery stroke relative to the power stroke. A phase delay between neighboring cilia creates a metachronal wave that moves across the top of the cilia. Due to the small size of the cilia in this situation, simplifications to the governing fluid dynamics equations (the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations) allow us to use the linear, time-independent quasi-steady Stokes equations to model this scenario. We utilize the method of regularized Stokeslets to discretize the continuous body of each cilium and compute resulting fluid flow. In addition to introducing this problem, we also include results from a recent undergraduate project studying the effects of metachronal waves on fluid transport and provide possible future project directions this work can lead.
Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Support for Sustainable Businsses

Abstract Numerous studies have focused on how consumers evaluate the sustainability of products. However, researchers need more understanding about how consumer values and consumer perceptions of the marketplace practices of firms influence consumer support for those firms pursuing sustainable business practices. This is important in building knowledge about how sustainable marketing programs of firms might more strongly link marketing programs to consumer values and to what consumers prefer regarding sustainability. The study features an online survey and large-scale sampling in the US (304 respondents) with data analyzed using structural equation modeling. Three important results suggest 1) consumers’ nature-based values have the most positive influence on consumers’ support for sustainable businesses, 2) followed by attitude toward firm benevolence, and 3) concern about the ethicality of firms. Valuing social justice and recognizing business’ contribution to one's own quality of life did not register as being influential on consumers’ support for sustainable businesses.
Return of the King: Corruption Backsliding in America

The United States appears to be going through a crisis of corruption. However, it is hard to know whether this is a matter of appearance or if the country is at risk of high levels of corruption making a comeback. The Article applies the equilibrium model of corruption — the leading social science account of how corruption operates — to the current U.S. system, and shows that the United States may indeed be backsliding. The potential for corruption to creep back up is due to more than the political moment. Rather, it is the result of politics combined with the relatively powerless institutional controls for corruption in the United States. Recent Supreme Court decisions have narrowed the statutory definition of criminal corruption while at the same time widened the possibilities for corporate influences in politics. Mean-while, the current Federal executive has shown that there are essentially no avenues to force compliance with governance norms. While these changes on their own do not imply that widespread, unchecked corruption is around the corner, they expose the weaknesses of the current system and the possibility that America could see high levels of corruption return.
Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Despite considerable public and scholarly debate about the role of social media in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), no comprehensive, quantitative synthesis of this literature has previously been undertaken. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examines associations between social media use and SITBs, including suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). A range of social media behaviors and experiences were identified, including cybervictimization and perpetration, exposure to and generation of SITB-related content, problematic use, sexting, social media importance, and frequency of use. A systematic search of PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, and the references of prior reviews yielded 61 eligible studies. Results largely suggested medium effect sizes for associations between specific social media constructs (cybervictimization, SITB-related social media use, problematic social media use) and SITBs. There was no association between frequency of social media use and SITBs; however, studies on this topic were limited. The majority of studies identified focused on cybervictimization, and results suggested positive associations with all SITBs, with the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation stronger for adolescents than adults. Overall, findings highlight the utility of examining specific social media behaviors and experiences, and point to the need for more research in this area.
Herpes zoster in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Effect of vaccination and treatment.

7527Background: Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) are susceptible to infections due to impaired humoral immunity as a complication of the disease, treatments received and age at diag...
Challenges Surrounding Induction Protocols in Children

Induction therapy is one of the most important aspects in the field of transplantation. The purpose of induction therapy is not only to prevent the onset of early acute rejection but also to maximize the longevity of the graft by minimizing the use of potentially toxic maintenance agents while preventing early immunologic insults. With the development of the field and the expansion of transplant immunotherapies, induction agents have changed over time from the use of total lymphocyte irradiation to the newer therapies that target B cells and T-cell signal modulation. The ideal induction protocol confers a low rate of acute rejection with less side effects in terms of infection and malignancy as well as reduction in the maintenance regimen.
Stress and the development of self‐regulation in context.

This article considers the effects of psychosocial stress on child development and describes mechanisms through which early stress in the context of poverty affects the functioning of neural networks that underlie executive functions and self-regulation. It examines the effects of early experience on glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels that influence neural activity in areas of the brain associated with executive functions, primarily as studied in animal models. Finally, it considers the strengths and limitations of this research, its relevance to understanding stress reactivity from the perspective of biological sensitivity to context, and the implications for the study of risk and resilience processes and early intervention to prevent developmental delays.
Computing B -orbits on G/H

Abstract The orbits of a Borel subgroup acting on a symmetric variety G / H occur in several areas of mathematics. For example, these orbits and their closures are essential in the study of HarishChandra modules (see Vogan, 1983). There are several descriptions of these orbits, but in practice it is actually very difficult and cumbersome to compute the orbits and their closures. Since the characterizations of theseorbits are very combinatorial in nature, this work could conceivably be done by a computer. In this paper we prove a number of additional properties of these orbits and combine these with properties of the various descriptions of these orbits to obtain an efficient algorithm. This algorithm can be implemented on a computer by using existing symbolic manipulation programs or by writing an independent program.
Molecular modeling of polymers for high energy storage capacitor applications

Polymer-based capacitors with higher voltage and higher energy density limits than currently available are possible if dielectric constants can be increased without compromising thermal and mechanical properties or the ability to clear defect sites. A molecular modeling approach is described which has the goal of designing a modified glassy (poly)etherimide polymer with a bulk dielectric constant several times larger than the parent resin. Segment-level dipole moments are predicted using ab initio and semiempirical quantum mechanical self-consistent field methods, and torsional-rotational mobility is estimated using force-field calculations to evaluate intramolecular and intermolecular energy barriers. Finally, bulk dielectric constants are calculated from the Onsager-Kirkwood equation for amorphous systems. >
Modulating DDAH/NOS Pathway to Discover Vasoprotective Insulin Sensitizers

Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a configuration of cardiovascular risk factors involved in the development of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to diet, age, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, genetic factors that impair insulin signaling are centrally involved in the development and exacerbation of IRS. Genetic and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) genes are critically involved in the regulation of insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The generation of NO by the NOS enzymes is known to contribute to vascular homeostasis including insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. By contrast, excessive inhibition of NOS enzymes by exogenous or endogenous factors is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous molecule that competitively inhibits all the NOS enzymes and contributes to metabolic perturbations including IR. The concentration of ADMA in plasma and tissue is enzymatically regulated by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), a widely expressed enzyme in the cardiovascular system. In preclinical studies, overexpression of DDAH has been shown to reduce ADMA levels, improve vascular compliance, and increase insulin sensitivity. This review discusses the feasibility of the NOS/DDAH pathway as a novel target to develop vasoprotective insulin sensitizers.
Prediction of contaminated sediment transport in the Maurice River-Union Lake, New Jersey, USA

A sediment and contaminant transport model and its application to the Maurice River-Union Lake system in southern New Jersey, USA is descrived. The application is meant to characterize and forecast sediment and arsenic ( As ) distributions before and after proposed dredging activities. The model, HSCTM-2D, is a two-dimensional, depth-averaged, finite element code capable of simulating the hydraulics of both steady and unsteady surface water flows, cohesive and cohesionless sediment transport, and the transport and fate of inorganic contaminants. Interactions between dissolved (i.e., desorbed) and particulate (i.e., adsorbed) contaminants and sediments are accounted for by simulating the processes of adsorption and desorption of contaminants to and from sediments, respectively. Four model simulations yielded As flushing times ranging from 25 years for the “no action” scenario to four years for dredging of contaminant bed sediments in the Maurice River and Union Lake.
The Sacrifice of the New Originalism

This Article argues that Originalism has achieved its intellectual respectability only at the necessary expense of its ballyhooed promise of constraint. The Article recounts the theoretical advances of the New Originalism and argues that the New Originalism is substantially more defensible than was the Old one and is much better positioned to answer the scholarly critiques that demolished its predecessor. The Article further explains that these benefits have, however, come at the cost of judicial constraint. By its very nature - and to a far greater degree than its proponents have tended to recognize - the New Originalism is a theory that affords massive discretion to judges in resolving contentious constitutional issues. The Article suggests that there is something unsustainable in the current state of affairs. Originalism gains it salience in the public discourse by its continued reliance on a promise to constrain judges; it is that promise that brings it lay respect. Yet, it gains academic respect only by foregoing that promise. Originalism now garners esteem from much of both the public and the academy, but only because the public and the academy are speaking of very different things when they refer to originalism. Originalism somehow continues to thrive as both a political movement and as a scholarly theory, even though the features that make it attractive as a political movement render it impotent as a scholarly theory and vice versa.
Evaluating User Interface Development Tools

This paper describes a procedure for quantitatively evaluating and comparing user interface development tools, and presents results of evaluating four user interface development tools with the procedure. For each tool, summary numeric ratings for functionality and usability are presented. General conclusions about the four tools and about the tool evaluation procedure itself are also discussed.
Inexpensive Options for a High-Tech Learning Environment

Radford University was recently configured with a campus-wide wireless local area network. Using these new capabilities, a classroom-based Honors section of Concepts of Biology was conducted solely using electronic technologies (paper was never transferred from professor to student). To accomplish this, students used common software and freeware. Commercial versions of similar software are designed solely for academic use, however, here the students were trained to use software and technologies that will be available to them once leaving the institution. Overall, students in this course responded favorably to the use of technology and reported that it aided in their learning process.
Identification of a novel 5-HT1 binding site in rat spinal cord

High affinity, specific [(3)H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) binding to spinal cord synaptosomes was examined to identify the 5-HT receptor subtypes present. Computer nonlinear regression analysis of competition studies employing 8-OH-DPAT indicated that this 5-HT(1A) selective agonist demonstrated high affinity competition (K(i = 1.3 nM)) for 24.6 +/- 0.7% of the total [(3)H]5-HT binding sites. Competition studies employing the 5-HT(1B) selective agonist RU24969, in the presence of 100 nM 8-OH-DPAT, indicated that RU24969 demonstrated high affinity (K(i = 1.1 nM)) competitive inhibition for 26.2 +/- 1.4% of all [(3)H]5-HT binding sites. Neither 5-HT(1C), 5-HT(1D), 5-HT(2) nor 5-HT(3) selective compounds demonstrated any high affinity competition for the residual 49% of specific [(3)H]5-HT binding. Therefore, three major classes of [(3)H]5-HT binding sites could be demonstrated in spinal cord synaptosomes: 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B) and a novel [(3)H]5-HT binding site which respectively represented 25, 26 and 49% of spinal cord synaptosomal [(3)H]5-HT binding. Further studies focusing on the function of the latter binding site are needed to determine if the presently identified novel binding site is the major 5-HT(1) receptor subtype present in spinal cord.
Analysis of Three Dimensional Computer Graphics Animation to Teach Spatial Skills to Interior Design Students

Spatial skills necessary to design and analyze orthographic drawings are sometimes lacking in interior design students. It was hypothesized that viewing computer generated and animated graphics could be useful in the instruction of such skills by replicating mental images of object rotation and dimensional transformation. The major purpose of this study was to investigate this effect and additionally to determine if particular types of visual presentations were more effective than others. Changes in scores on the Vandenburg/Kuse Mental Rotations Test, and an orthographic views identification test were used to determine these effects. The treatments consisted of viewing films of three architectural type graphic representations, in both color and wire frame form, rotating to top and side views, and changing from three to two dimensions. Statistical analysis consisted of a multivariate analysis of variance and Fishers' LSD post hoc. Results indicated that viewing the animated images did have a significant effect on increasing scores on the orthographic view identification test, but not the mental rotation tests. The order in which subjects viewed the films significantly affected their orthographic scores but viewing wire frame images first had a significant negative effect on subjects first mental rotation score.
Mobile ion activities at charged interfaces

Abstract The issue of mobile ion chemical activities at charged aqueous interfaces is of historical interest. Because of experimental difficulties in measuring the surface-charge-dependent potential energies associated with moving an ion from bulk solution to the interfacial region many current practitioners assume that the energy is primarily electrostatic in nature and that it can be estimated from Poisson–Boltzmann theory and experimentally measured surface charge densities. The present effort uses the entropic balanced surface potential model (EBSPM) to assess some of the energy terms associated with moving a mobile ion to the charged interface. The findings suggest the following order of energy contributions: electrostatic > bulk solution activity , hydration , dipole > ‘crowding’. Additional findings include: (1) activity based Boltzmann expressions relating bulk solution activities to interfacial concentrations rely on the assumption that the interfacial mobile ion is beyond the influence of the bulk solution Debye–Huckel term, (2) activity and concentration based interfacial pH conditions can be related to bulk solution values by: pHinterface=pHbulk+eΨ/2.303kT (where Ψ is the potential energy difference associated with moving the ion to the interface, e is the charge on the electron, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature), and (3) activity and concentration based interfacial oxidation–reduction potentials can be related to bulk solution values by the expression: Einterface=Ebulk−Ψ.
La Edad de Hierro en La traición en la amistad de María de Zayas

For Maria de Zayas, a fundamental objective of her literary work is to demonstrate that women possess keen perception and ingenuity. In La traicion en la amistad, the perspicacity and ingenuity of women are made obvious by way of a complex plot based on self-interested friendships, woven around a series of references to the Iron Age. Self-interest and virtue are two opposite poles within reference to the classic philosophy of friendship: without virtue it is impossible to create a true friendship. That said, the question of what is virtue and what are its limits corresponds to the field of ethics, a discipline traditionally centered on relationships between men. Unsurprisingly, Zayas constructs a feminine friendship completely peripheral to the masculine concepts of virtue, as much for the masculine gender as for the feminine gender. These feminine friendships represent the possibility of a return to harmony after the Iron Age.
Laboratory and field interview methods for the study of shiftworkers

Gordon, Tepas, Stock, and Walsh (1979) describe the manner in which shiftworkers were selected as research subjects through the cooperation of labor union organizations. In this paper, we describe the methods used to select and orient the workers to serve in a laboratory study involving measurement of the psychophysiological correlates of sleep. Procedures used for field interviews with the same subjects are also described. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a multimethod (laboratory and field interview) approach to the study of shiftwork effects are detailed.
Rotor-Generated Vane Row Off-Design Unsteady Aerodynamics Including Dynamic Stall, Part I

Blade row interaction effects on airfoil unsteady aerodynamics are investigated, particularly at off-design operating conditions. The specific problem addressed is off-design unsteady aerodynamics including dynamic stall due to the interaction of rotor-generated wakes with a downstream vane row. This is accomplished by obtaining detailed three-dimensional rotor-stator unsteady aerodynamic blade row interaction data in a low-speed axial-flow research compressor. These detailed data include measurements of the rotor wake generated unsteady aerodynamic forcing function to the downstream stator, the resultant stator vane steady and unsteady aerodynamic response, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the time-variant stator midspan vane-to-vane flowfield. The rotor wake-generated forcing function and downstream stator steady and unsteady aerodynamic response data are described, with the time-variant PIV flowfield data described in the companion paper.
On Dirichlet series satisfying Riemann's functional equation

According to convention, Hamburger's theorem (1921) says-roughly-that Riemann's ζ(s) is uniquely determined by its functional equation. In 1944 Hecke pointed out that there are two distinct versions of Hamburger's theorem. Hecke's remark has led me, in examining just how “rough” the convention is, to prove that, with a weakening of certain auxiliary conditions, there are infinitely many linearly independent solutions of Riemann's functional equation (Theorem 1). In Theorem 1, as in Hamburger's theorem, the “weight” parameter is 1/2. In Theorem 2 we obtain stronger results when this parameter is ≧2: a “Mittag-Leffler” theorem for Dirichlet series with functional equations.