cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical methods for aflatoxins in corn and peanuts

Aflatoxin determinations can be approached many ways. Peanuts and corn are more often contaminated with aflatoxins B1 and B2 than with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Some countries are only interested in B1 content and others are interested in the total aflatoxin content. It is essential to safely handle all experimental materials associated with aflatoxin analyses or the aflatoxigenic fungi. Visual screening of suspect peanut lots, based on the presence of conidial heads of theAspergillus flavus group, and screening corn for the presence of bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) are not chemical tests and such screening techniques may allow aflatoxin contaminated lots into commerce. Minicolumn screening procedures should always be used in conjunction with a quantitative method. Several thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are suitable for quantitation and are in general use. Immunochemical methods such as the ELISA or affinity column methods are being rapidly developed. The chemical and immunochemical methods can be reliable if care is taken, using suitable controls and personnel that are welltrained. All analytical laboratories should stress safety and include suitable analytical validation procedures.
Genetic analysis of RFLPs, GATA microsatellites and RAPDs in a cross between L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium.

A population of 257 BC1 plants was developed from a cross between an elite processing line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv‘M82-1-7’) and the closely related wild species L. pimpinellifolium (LA1589). The population was used to construct a genetic linkage map suitable for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to be conducted in different backcross generations. The map comprises 115 RFLP, 3 RAPD and 2 morphological markers that span 1279 cM of the tomato genome with an average distance between markers of 10.7 cM. This map is comparable in length to that of the highdensity RFLP map derived from a L. esculentum x L. pennellii F2 population. The order of the markers in the two maps is also in good agreement, however there are considerable differences in the distribution of recombination along the chromosomes. The segregation of six GATA-containing loci and 47 RAPD markers was also analyzed in subsets of the population. All of the microsatellite loci and 35 (75%) of the RAPDs mapped to clusters associated with centromeric regions.
The SU(2) adjoint Higgs model in three dimensions

Abstract The variable-length SU(2) adjoint Higgs model is investigated analytically and numerically on a three-dimensional lattice. The model is shown to have two confining phases, an SU(2)-symmetric disordered phase and a U(1)-symmetric ordered phase, which are analytically connected at strong gauge coupling for sufficiently large Higgs self-coupling. A tricritical line devides the phase boundary into first-order and second-order regions. Apart from its intrinsic interest, this model is relevant to the study of four-dimensional SU(2) gauge theory at high temperatures.
Fluoride Enhances the Activity of Fungicides that Destabilize Cell Membranes

Fluoride has long been known to inhibit bacterial and fungal cell growth most likely by blocking the functions of key metabolic enzymes. In this study, we demonstrate that antifungal compounds that disrupt cell membrane integrity exhibit improved ability to inhibit cell growth when used with millimolar concentrations of fluoride. Specifically, antifungal compounds of the polyene class and an antifungal peptide exhibit synergy with fluoride to inhibit the growth of various fungal species, including Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate that certain compounds can be found that increase the cellular uptake of fluoride, and provide new opportunities for creating antimicrobial compounds whose functions are enhanced when combined with otherwise sub-inhibitory concentrations of small ions.
Differential sensitivity to PCB by phytoplankton

Abstract Natural, mixed phytoplankton communities are more sensitive to PCBs than pure or mixed laboratory cultures. Further, nannoplankton is generally omitted from consideration although this fraction contributes the bulk of production by the phytoplankton community. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the differential sensitivity to PCB by an estuarine phytoplankton community. Contrary to expectation, the greatest sensitivity to PCB is found in net-plankton not in nannoplankton. The susceptibility of phytoplankton to PCBs is highly variable within a community and this may have important implications for selective plankton feeders.
Differential growth properties of metastatic large-cell lymphoma cells in target organ-conditioned medium.

Abstract Metastatic variant sublines of the murine RAW117-P large cell lymphoma have been sequentially selected in vivo for enhanced liver (RAW117-H10) or lung (RAW117-L17) colonization. Such cell sublines were tested for their survival and growth in vitro in medium conditioned by soluble factors released from mouse kidney, brain, liver, or lung tissues. Liver-colonizing H10 and L17 sublines were growth-stimulated by target liver tissue-derived factors at concentrations that inhibited the growth of the parental cells. Lung-colonizing L17 as well as liver-colonizing H10 cells were stimulated by lung tissue factors at concentrations that growth-inhibited the parental cells. In contrast, there was no significant growth stimulation by factors from kidney or brain tissues. In general, the metastatic patterns of RAW117 cells correlated with their abilities to be stimulated by medium from target organ tissues, but other factors, such as organ-specific adhesion mechanisms [10–12], must also be involved in the specificity of blood-borne metastatic organ colonization.
A Unique Type II Topoisomerase Mutant That Is Hypersensitive to a Broad Range of Cleavage-Inducing Antitumor Agents†

Bacteriophage T4 provides a useful model system for dissecting the mechanism of action of antitumor agents that target type II DNA topoisomerases. Many of these inhibitors act by trapping the cleavage complex, a covalent complex of enzyme and broken DNA. Previous analysis showed that a drug-resistant T4 mutant harbored two amino acid substitutions (S79F, G269V) in topoisomerase subunit gp52. Surprisingly, the single amino acid substitution, G269V, was shown to confer hypersensitivity in vivo to m-AMSA and oxolinic acid [Freudenreich, C. H., et al. (1998) Cancer Res. 58, 1260-1267]. We purified this G269V mutant enzyme and found it to be hypersensitive to a number of cleavage-inducing inhibitors including m-AMSA, VP-16, mitoxantrone, ellipticine, and oxolinic acid. While the mutant enzyme did not exhibit altered DNA cleavage site specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme, it did display an apparent 10-fold increase in drug-independent DNA cleavage. This suggests a novel mechanism of altered drug sensitivity in which the enzyme equilibrium has been shifted to favor the cleavage complex, resulting in an increase in the concentration of cleavage intermediates available to inhibitors. Mutations that alter drug sensitivities tend to cluster within two specific regions of all type II topoisomerases. Residue G269 of gp52 lies outside of these regions, and it is therefore not surprising that G269V leads to a unique mechanism of drug hypersensitivity. We believe that this mutant defines a new category of type II topoisomerase mutants, namely, those that are hypersensitive to all inhibitors that stabilize the cleavage complex.
The incorporation of H3-proline into the collagen of the periodontium of a rat.

H3-proline has been extensively used in the study of collagen metabolism of the periodontium. 1B order to determine what proportion of H3-proline is actually incorporated into collagen, 24 hour incorporation of proline and its conversion to hydroxyproline was measured using microchemical techniques. The periodontal ligament of incisors, the gingivae, the palatal mucosa and the skin were collected and the specific activity of proline and hydroxyproline was determined. The results indicated that the specific activity of hydroxyproline was highest in the periodontal ligament, lower in gingivae and palatal mucosa, and lowest in skin. Most of the activity, however, was recovered in proline. The difference was mainly in the specific activity of the two amino acids. The proportion of radioactivity recovered in hydroxyproline varied from 13.9% in periodontal ligament, 8.3% in gingivae, to 6.6% in palatal mucosa. There appears to be a high rate of incorporation of H3-proline into oral tissues, as previously reported. However, after 24 hours most of the H3-proline is found in non-collagenous proteins and not in collagen.
A new species of Demodex (Acari: Demodecidae) from the black bear of North America, Ursus americanus pallas, 1780 (Ursidae)

Abstract Demodex ursi sp. nov. is described, in all life stages, from the black bear of North America, Ursus americanus. This demodecid inhabits the hair follicles of all body regions. Severe infestations are associated with extensive alopecia. Demodex ursi is most similar to D. ailuropodae from the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, but the larvae differ in the number of claws per leg and there is no reported protonymphal stage in D. ailuropodae.
Morphometric analysis of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)

The levels of integration, patterns of allometric growth and size-related differences in skull dimensions of the caecilian Dermophis mexicanus were investigated by means of univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. The analyses indicate that (1) most but not all measurements of the skull arc more variable in adults than in juveniles; (2) growth is allometric and results in changes in shape between juveniles and adults; (3) there is a high level of integration of all variables by general size; and (4) homologous paired measurements show concordant allometric trends and are integrated beyond the sole effect of general size. These analyses provide baseline data, a set of hypotheses and a methodological framework for comparative studies of patterns of variation and integration among caecilians and among other vertebrates.
Compliance with the JNC 7 Guidelines and Blood Pressure Attainment in an Inner-City Tertiary Care Hospital:

Background:Blood pressure control has demonstrated significant reductions in strokes and coronary events. Using an evidence-based approach, the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Pre...
The structure of the cations from 2– and 4‐pyrimidones

An infrared spectral investigation of a number of pyrimidine and pyrimidone hexachloroantimonates is reported. Typical aromatic absorption bands found in pyrimidinium salts were absent in the pyrimidone cations. 2-And 4-Pyrimidone hexachloroantimonates, as well as their N-methyl- and N,N'-dimethyl derivatives, exhibit intense carbonyl absorption bands between 1720–1729 cm−1 (solid state) which corroborates N-protonation of pyrimidones.
Comparison of broadband ultrasound attenuation to single X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the calcaneus in postmenopausal women.

Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), a radiation-free and portable technology, may be useful in assessing bone density and fracture risk. In this study, we compared cross-sectional BUA measurements to the more established single energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) at the calcaneus in 259 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–76 years. Paired measurements with repositioning of the subject's dominant heel were made consecutively by each method. A coefficient of variation (CV) for each method was calculated for each individual from the paired scans. BUA and BMD of the heel were also compared with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BUA was significantly correlated with BMD at the calcaneus (r=0.66, P<0.01). Heel BUA was also correlated with lumbar spine BMD (r=0.43, P<0.01) and femoral neck BMD (r=0.43, P<0.01) but the correlations were lower than those between heel BMD and spine (r=0.63, P<0.01) or femoral neck BMD (r=0.62, P<0.01). The mean CV for heel BUA (3.60±3.50%) was significantly greater than that for heel BMD (1.06±0.99%, P<0.01). The moderate correlation of calcaneal BUA and BMD, the lower correlations of BUA than heel BMD with both spine and hip BMD, and lower precision of BUA indicate BUA does not predict bone density as effectively as absorptiometry, the current standard methodology.
Dual enzyme labels for simultaneous heterogeneous enzyme-linked competitive binding assays

The use of two enzyme labels in a dual analyte simultaneous heterogeneous enzyme-linked competitive binding assay is examined. Reaction conditions for monitoring glucosed-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and Pgalactosidase (@gal) activities are found which enable the independent measurement of each enzyme activity in the presence of the other. The two enzymes are used as labels in the development of a model simultaneous heterogeneous competitive binding assay for detecting the biotin and vitamin B,, content of vitamin tablets. The simultaneous assay is shown to exhibit analytical dose-response characteristics comparable to those of the single analyte assays. The potential use of the G6PDHIpgal enzyme pair for devising other dual analyte competitive and non-competitive binding assays is discussed.
Soil Respiration and Carbon Responses to Logging Debris and Competing Vegetation

Management practices following forest harvesting that modify organic matter (OM) inputs and influence changes in the soil environment have the potential to alter soil C pools, but there is still much uncertainty regarding how these practices influence soil C flux. We examined the influence of varying amounts of logging-debris retention (0, 40, and 80% coverage) and vegetation control (initial or annual applications) on in situ bulk soil respiration, microbial respiration, and total soil C at two Douglas-fir [ (Mirb.) Franco] sites. Annual vegetation control decreased bulk respiration, which was attributed to reduced root respiration and OM inputs when competing vegetation was absent. There was no difference in potential microbial respiration or total soil C pools between vegetation-control treatments, indicating that OM inputs from competing vegetation were rapidly consumed in situ. Logging-debris retention reduced bulk respiration, microbial respiration, and soil temperature, but the significance and magnitude of the difference were variable. A soil temperature function explained between 44 and 76% of the variation in microbial and bulk respiration, but there was no effect of reduced temperature on microbial respiration with 40% coverage. Total soil C at the end of the experiment was higher with 80% coverage at the site with relatively low initial total soil C, but there was also a significant increase in total soil C at both sites when the logging debris was removed. The results suggest that root decomposition following harvesting causes an increase in total soil C, which is dependent on the magnitude of logging-debris retention, its influence on the soil environment, and ultimately the microbial response.
Measurement of the total cross-section difference for pp scattering in longitudinal spin states

Abstract We have measured the total cross-section difference for pp scattering in initial spin states parallel to the beam direction at beam momenta of 1.17, 1.47, 1.69, 1.97 and 2.49 GeV/ c . This measurement was done in a standard transmission experiment. A striking energy dependence is observed with a maximum difference of −16.9 mb at P lab = 1.47 GeV/ c .
Mechanism of 1,N2 -Etheno -2' -deoxyguanosine Formation from Epoxyaldehydes

Background levels of etheno adducts have been attributed to the reaction of DNA with 2,3-epoxyaldehydes, a proposed product of lipid peroxidation. We have examined the reaction of (2R,3S)-epoxyhexanal with dGuo to give 7-(1S-hydroxybutyl)-1,N2-etheno-dGuo. We observed that the stereochemistry of the side chain scrambled over time. This process provided insight into the mechanism for the formation of 1,N2-etheno-dGuo from 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal [Lee, S. H., et al.(2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 300–304]. The mechanistic proposal predicts that 2-octenal is a by-product of the reaction. The reaction of 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal was reinvestigated, and the 2-octenal adduct of dGuo was identified as a product of this reaction in support of the mechanistic proposal. Also observed are products that appear to be derived from 2,3-epoxyoctanal, which can be formed through Schiff base formation of 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal with the dGuo followed by hydration of the double bond and retro-aldol reaction.
Bayesian and pairwise local similarity discriminant analysis

We investigate three extensions to the generative similarity-based classifier called local similarity discriminant analysis (local SDA): a Bayesian approach to estimating the pmfs based on the assumption that similarities are multinomially distributed and on the Dirichlet prior distribution; a pairwise-similarity formulation of local SDA that accounts for all local pairwise similarities to estimate the pmfs; a combined Bayesian pairwise-similarity approach. We discuss how the proposed extensions afford more modeling flexibility than standard local SDA and less cumbersome model training than previously-published local SDA regularization strategies. Experiments with five benchmark similarity-based classification datasets show that the increased modeling flexibility and lighter computational burden of the proposed extensions are coupled with the good classification performance of the local SDA classification paradigm.
Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation by Gold Colloids Functionalized with Self-Assembled Monolayers

This Letter demonstrates the design and synthesis of functional nanoparticles based on the assembly of terminally substituted alkanethiols on the surface of colloidal gold. The colloids were modified with alkanethiolates presenting methyl groups and dihydroquinidine ligands (in a ratio of 3:1) for the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins. Dihydroxylation reactions were performed at room temperature in tert-butyl alcohol/water with functionalized colloid (0.1 equiv based on immobilized ligand) OsO4 (0.005 equiv) and K3Fe(CN)6 (3 equiv) as secondary oxidant. The dihydroxylation of trans-β-methylstyrene proceeded in 80% yield and gave diol with an enantiomeric excess of 90%. The dihydroxylation of trans-stilbene and methyl trans-cinnamate gave similar results and compare favorably with yields and selectivities obtained using polymer-supported alkaloid ligands. The colloids could be isolated from the reaction mixture by gel permeation chromatography and used again, but with a modest loss in efficie...
Ontogeny of gluconeogenesis in the bovine fetus: influence of maternal dietary energy.

Abstract The influence of maternal energy intake on the development of gluconeogenesis was studied in the liver of the bovine fetus from Days 88 to 270 of gestation. Fetal liver activities (units per gram of tissue) of cytoplasmic GTP:oxalacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating) (PEPCK) and mitochondrial l -malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (MDH) increased linearly with increasing gestational age. Fetal cytoplasmic MDH activities reached maternal levels by 120 days of gestation, and fetal mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase approached maternal levels by 200 days of gestation. Fetal activities of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic propionyl-CoA:carbondioxide ligase (ADP-forming) (PCC) did not change with gestational age and were about 45 and 7%, respectively, of maternal levels. Fetal activities of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic l -aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase were both about 24% of the maternal activities throughout gestation. Maternal and fetal liver activities of d -fructose-1,6-diphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase (FDP) were similar and did not change with gestational age. Glucose synthesis from lactate by fetal liver slices in vitro was slightly lower and, from alanine and aspartate, was slightly higher than glucose synthesis by maternal liver slices. Restriction of maternal dietary energy intake did not significantly alter gluconeogenic-related enzyme activity in vitro in maternal or fetal liver or in the metabolism of aspartate, alanine, or lactate to glucose or CO2 by liver slices in vitro. A capacity for gluconeogenesis has been measured in the bovine fetus as early as 88 days of gestation.
Nephrology Crossword: Peritoneal Dialysis

Nephrology Crossword: Peritoneal Dialysis Kellie Calderon and Kenar D. Jhaveri Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health Systems and Hofstra Medical School, Great Neck, New York, USA Correspondence: Kenar D. Jhaveri, Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health Systems and Hofstra Medical School, 100 Community Drive, Floor 2, Great Neck, New York 11021, USA. E-mail: Kjhaveri@nshs.edu
Selective neuroendocrine effects of low-dose haloperidol in normal adult men.

The neuroendocrine effects of haloperidol, usually reported as side effects of this drug when given in antipsychotic doses, have not been systematically investigated. In the present study five normal adult men were administered saline and two doses of haloperidol (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg) intramuscularly in a double-blind randomized block design. The anterior pituitary hormones GH, LH, FSH, and PRL were measured in blood samples taken every 20 min for several hours thereafter. The low doses of haloperidol used have been shown by others to alter the human EEG; in our subjects these doses produced no objective or subjective clinical effects. There were no drug related changes in GH, LH, or FSH. PRL, however, showed a prompt, statistically significant, dose-related increase in plasma levels, with a return to baseline within 5h. Haloperidol has strong dopamine-blocking effects, and the hypothalamic inhibitory mechanism for PRL release is believed to be dopamine-mediated. The results of this study suggest that haloperidol may have utility in low doses primarily for its hypothalamic neuroendocrine effects, and that dose-related PRL release may be a useful paradigm for comparing dopamine-blocking antipsychotic agents in humans.
Producing carbon-free Cr/Cr alloys using a reverse-polarity transferred-arc plasma

A process for producing chromium/chromiumalloys from low-grade chromium-bearing ore (or wastes) yields carbon-free chromium/chromium alloys by fused-salt electrolysis in the presence of reverse-polarity transferred-arc thermal plasma. Reverse-polarity transferred-arc thermal plasma is when the torch itself works as the anode and the molten bath, comprising liquid slag beneath which is reduced metal, thereby forming the cathode of the electrical circuit. Reduction takes place without the use of reductants, so there are no carbon-containing off gases. Through this process, chromic oxide can be reduced to chromium by adjusting the chemical composition of the electrolytic bath. Depending on the metal oxide fed into the bath, a variety of final metal compositions can be produced, such as chromium/chromium alloys.
Low-Dose Granisetron for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of low-dose granisetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.DATA SOURCESClinical trials available through PubMed and OVID (1966—July 2003), as well as information supplied by the drug manufacturer, were accessed.DATA SYNTHESISSafety concerns associated with droperidol and limited availability of other agents have created a need to restructure prophylaxis guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting. It has recently been proposed that granisetron may be effective at a dose that is one-tenth of the Food and Drug Administration—approved dose. Conflicting evidence for this regimen is evaluated.CONCLUSIONSBased on the scarcity of supporting data, this regimen is not recommended for prophylaxis in patients at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Sensory evaluation of pheasants hung at 10 °g for up to 15 days

1. Pheasants hung at 10 °G were found to become increasingly “gamey” in flavour and more tender in texture with length of hanging. 2. After 13 d they were strongly gamey and very tender.
Molecular analysis of mxbD and mxbM, a putative sensor-regulator pair required for oxidation of methanol in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1

Five genes are thought to be required for transcription of methanol oxidation genes in Methylobacterium strains. These putative regulatory genes include mxcQE, which encode a putative sensor-regulator pair, and mxbDM and mxaB, whose functions are less well-understood. In this study, mxbDM in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 were shown to be required for expression of a xyIE transcriptional fusion to the structural gene for the large subunit of methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF), confirming the role of these genes in transcriptional regulation of mxaF. The nucleotide sequence suggests that mxbD encodes a histidiine protein kinase with two transmembrane domains and that mxbM encodes a DNA-binding response regulator. A xyIE transcriptional fusion to the putative mxbD promoter showed low-level expression in wild-type cells grown on one-carbon (C1) compounds and no detectable expression in cells grown on succinate. Deletion analysis of this promoter construct showed that the region 229-129 bp upstream of the start of mxbD is required for expression. The expression of the mxbD-xylE fusion was examined in each of the five known regulatory mutant classes. xyIE expression was reduced to non-detectable levels in MxcQ and MxcE mutants, but was not affected in the other regulatory mutants or in non-regulatory mutants defective in methanol oxidation. These results suggest a regulatory hierarchy in which the sensor-regulator pair MxcQE control expression of the sensor-regulator pair MxbDM, and MxbDM in turn control expression of a number of genes involved in methanol oxidation.
Prevalence and nature of systemic involvement and stage at initial examination in patients with orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma.

Objective: To determine the stage at initial examination and the prevalence of systemic involvement in patients with orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma. Methods: The medical records of all patients with orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma treated in a recent 7-year period were reviewed for stage at initial examination, highest stage during the follow-up period, and recurrence-free survival. Results: Forty-three patients were included. Nineteen patients had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, 9 had follicular, 9 had diffuse large-cell, 3 had mantle cell, 2 had small lymphocytic, and 1 had large T-cell lymphoma. The staging workup included chest radiography; orbital computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and bone marrow biopsy. Thirtysix patients had total body positron emission tomography,7hadgalliumscans,and16hadgastrointestinalendoscopy. Lymphoma stage at diagnosis was IE in 18 patients, II in 6, and IV in 19. Six of 19 patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, 7 of 9 patients with follicular, 6 of 9 patients with diffuse large-cell, and 3 of 3 patients with mantle cell lymphoma had non–stage IE disease at initial examination. The 5-year recurrencefree survival was 64.6% for the entire cohort.
A Computer Vision Technique for Surface Curvature Gaging with Projected Grating

A computer vision-based technique for surface curvature gaging is reported in this paper. This non-contact technique utilizes the projection of a grating upon the surface to be gaged. A general purpose digital image processor is used to implement the proposed technique. Both simulation and experimental results are presented.
Analysis and implementation of a priority knockout switch

A priority knockout switch (PKS) architecture using priority based congestion control mechanisms is presented for broadband ISDN (BISDN) networks. This architecture provides the capability of assigning qualities of service to connections through per cell or virtual circuit priority mechanisms. Performance studies that use an analytical model for uniform traffic and simulation models for uniform and bursty traffic are presented. These studies indicate that the PKS architecture provides excellent cell loss rates for high priority traffic at minor expense to the low priority traffic. CMOS implementations of the switch modules that demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture are described. >
Estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of whole tomato by light absorbance technique.

The relationship between optical measurements of whole tomato and pigment content was studied. The difference between the absorbances (A) at 710 and 780 nm [AA (710-780 nm)] correlated significantly (I = 0.98) with chlorophyll contents of 0.3-l 3.4 pg/g fresh weight (gfw). The AA (570-780 nm) correlated significantly (I = 0.97) with lycopene contents of 0.2-46.7 pg/gfw. The AA (550-580 nm) correlated significantly with the p-carotene ,content (I = 0.95). The reflectance measurements correlated with the chlorophyll and lycopene contents, but the coefficients were lower and the standard errors were larger than those observed with the absorbance measurements.
Signal modeling for high-performance robust isolated word recognition

This paper describes speech signal modeling techniques which are well-suited to high performance and robust isolated word recognition. We present new techniques for incorporating spectral/temporal information as a function of the temporal position within each word. In particular, spectral/temporal parameters are computed using both variable length blocks with a variable spacing between blocks. We tested features computed with these methods using an alphabet recognition task based on the ISOLET database. The hidden Markov model toolkit (HTK) was used to implement the isolated word recognizer with whole word HMM models. The best accuracy achieved for speaker independent alphabet recognition, using 50 features, was 97.9%, which represents a new benchmark for this task. We also tested these methods with deliberate signal degradation using additive Gaussian noise and telephone band limiting and found that the recognition degrades gracefully and to a smaller degree than for control cases based on MFCC coefficients and delta cepstra terms.
Site-specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase activity and structural probes of flavocytochrome b: Characterization of six monoclonal antibodies to the p22phox subunit

The integral membrane protein flavocytochrome b (Cyt b ) is the catalytic core of the human phagocyte NADPH oxidase, an enzyme complex that initiates a cascade of reactive oxygen species important in the elimination of infectious agents. This study reports the generation and characterization of six mAbs (NS1, NS2, NS5, CS6, CS8, and CS9) that recognize the p22 phox subunit of the Cyt b heterodimer. Each of the mAbs specifically detected p22 phox by Western blot analysis but did not react with intact neutrophils in FACS studies. Phage display mapping identified core epitope regions recognized by mAbs NS2, NS5, CS6, CS8, and CS9. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments indicated that mAbs CS6 and CS8 efficiently compete with Cascade Blue-labeled mAb 44.1 (a previously characterized, p22 phox -specific mAb) for binding to Cyt b , supporting phage display results suggesting that all three Abs recognize a common region of p22 phox . Energy transfer experiments also suggested the spatial proximity of the mAb CS9 and mAb NS1 binding sites to the mAb 44.1 epitope, while indicating a more distant proximity between the mAb NS5 and mAb 44.1 epitopes. Cell-free oxidase assays demonstrated the ability of mAb CS9 to markedly inhibit superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner, with more moderate levels of inhibition observed for mAbs NS1, NS5, CS6, and CS8. A combination of computational predictions, available experimental data, and results obtained with the mAbs reported in this study was used to generate a novel topology model of p22 phox .
Standard model of particles and forces in the framework of two-time physics

In this paper it will be shown that the standard model in $3+1$ dimensions is a gauge fixed version of a 2T physics field theory in $4+2$ dimensions, thus establishing that 2T physics provides a correct description of nature from the point of view of $4+2$ dimensions. The 2T formulation leads to phenomenological consequences of considerable significance. In particular, the higher structure in $4+2$ dimensions prevents the problematic $F*F$ term in QCD. This resolves the strong $CP$ problem without a need for the Peccei-Quinn symmetry or the corresponding elusive axion. Mass generation with the Higgs mechanism is less straightforward in the new formulation of the standard model, but its resolution leads to an appealing deeper physical basis for mass, coupled with phenomena that could be measurable. In addition, there are some brand new mechanisms of mass generation related to the higher dimensions that deserve further study. The technical progress is based on the construction of a new field theoretic version of 2T physics including interactions in an action formalism in $d+2$ dimensions. The action is invariant under a new type of gauge symmetry which we call 2T-gauge symmetry in field theory. This opens the way for investigations of the standard model directly in $4+2$ dimensions, or from the point of view of various embeddings of $3+1$ dimensions, by using the duality, holography, symmetry, and unifying features of 2T physics.
How I treat patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: 2010

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is the common name for adults with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, with or without neurologic or renal abnormalities, and without another etiology; children without renal failure are also described as TTP. The diagnosis of TTP is an indication for plasma exchange treatment, but beginning treatment requires sufficient confidence in the diagnosis to justify the risk of plasma exchange complications. Documentation of a severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity, defined as less than 10% of normal, is not essential for the diagnosis of TTP. Some patients without severe ADAMTS13 deficiency may benefit from plasma exchange treatment; in addition, some patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency may subsequently be diagnosed with another cause for their clinical features. However, severe acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency does define a subgroup of patients who appear to benefit from treatment with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents in addition to plasma exchange but who have a high risk for relapse. Approximately 80% of patients survive their acute episode, a survival rate that has not changed since the introduction of plasma exchange treatment. Although recovery may appear to be complete, many patients have persistent minor cognitive abnormalities. More effective as well as safer treatment for TTP is needed.
Impact of U.S. Consumer Motivations to “Buy or Not Buy American”

Abstract This study explores the impact of U.S. consumer motivations on cognitive and affective bases of purchasing or not purchasing American made products. Four motivational components were identified related to national pride, perceptions of product superiority, views regarding global economy, and product availability. Consumers' feelings associated with national pride/stronger economy and the disbelief that foreign products are better were found for the most part to be major reasons driving loyalty of U.S. consumers to purchase U.S. made products. However, support exists for cognitive acceptance of a global economy as evidenced by owning a foreign produced product and reduced feelings about national pride. Retailers should capitalize on these consumer beliefs if employing a “buy American” promotional by avoiding strong appeals to consumer ethnocentric tendencies. As such, promotional efforts by retailers should appeal to American pride in being able to compete on quality without crossing over into bla...
Price discovery in the Texas cash cattle market

Time series methods and directed acyclic graphs are used to uncover the centre of price discovery in 10 weight/gender classes of feeder and fed cattle from cash markets in Texas, U.S.A. Heavy feeder heifers, animals sitting on a margin of feeding for meat or breeding for new stocks, are weakly exogenous in an error correction representation of these prices. Further, contemporaneous price innovations from this class of animals cause price innovations in feeder steers and lighter weight feeder heifers. Innovation accounting shows the prominent role that heavy heifers play in cattle price discovery. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geolocation of MIMO signals using the cross ambiguity function and TDOA/FDOA

The geolocation of RF signals has many civilian and military applications. One technique for geolocation involves using the cross ambiguity function (CAF) to calculate the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) of the emitted signal using two receivers. Until recently most RF signals fell under the category of Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO). Now however, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies such as Wi-Fi's IEEE 802.11n are becoming more ubiquitous. The inherent use of multiple antennas in MIMO technologies has an effect on the geolocation of these signals. This paper therefore explores the effect of spatially multiplexed MIMO signals on the cross ambiguity function in regards to the calculation of TDOA and FDOA, and the resulting effect on geolocation.
Stratification of non-small cell lung cancer patients for therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: the EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization assay

DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology is used to study chromosomal and genomic changes in fixed cell suspensions and tissue block preparations. The technique is based on specific hybridization of small labeled DNA fragments, the probes, to complementary sequences in a target DNA molecule. Demand for FISH assays in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues has been increasing, mainly in conditions in which diagnosis is not achieved in cell smears or tissue imprints, such as solid tumors. Moreover, the development of molecular targeted therapies in oncology has expanded the applicability of tests to predict sensitivity or resistance to these agents. The efficient use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as therapeutical agents in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on identification of patients likely to show clinical benefit from these specific treatments. The EGFR gene copy number determined by FISH has been demonstrated as an effective predictor of outcome from NSCLC patients to EGFR TKIs; however there are pending challenges for standardization of laboratory procedures and definition of the scoring system. This methodology article focuses on the EGFR FISH assay. It details the scoring system used in the studies conducted at the University of Colorado Cancer Center in which a significant association was found between increased EGFR copy numbers and clinical outcome to TKIs, and proposes interpretative guidelines for molecular stratification of NSCLC patients for TKI therapy.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: a case report by a physician who is the patient

This report describes the case of an elderly physician who endured a slowly progressive, ambulatory illness, which was erroneously diagnosed as Parkinson's disease. After ten years of progressive illness the correct diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was finally made, revealing itself, by accident, through incontinence and mild dementia. The patient-physician enjoyed an instantaneous remission induced by a large lumbar puncture (LP) sustained by a ventriculosystemic shunt. The patient-physician dedicated his renewed life to informing the medical profession about this dramatic syndrome, which he believes is more common and more reversible than generally thought. Although the patient had been virtually restored to normal, a series of complications typical of ventriculosystemic shunting (VSS) occurred, including significant hearing loss and subdural haematoma (SDH). The patient feels, however, that his clinical improvement far outweighs the complications and that every patient with NPH should have the opportunity to decide whether or not to have a VSS.
Baseband pulse shaping techniques for pi /4-DQPSK in nonlinearly amplified land mobile channels

The application of two baseband pulse shaping techniques to improve the spectral efficiency obtained by pi /4-DQPSK (differential quadrature phase shift keying) in a nonlinearly amplified land mobile environment is examined. The spectral and bit error rate (BER) performance of these techniques is studied through computer-aided design techniques. It is demonstrated that, by using the shaping methods considered. pi /4-QORC (quadrature overlapped raised cosine) and pi /4-CTPSK (controlled transition PSK), the spectral regeneration after nonlinear amplification can be reduced significantly. Thus, the schemes studied allow closer channel spacing compared to pi /4-DQPSK, the current standard modem scheme for the US digital mobile communications system. >
Servo control design for a hard disk drive based on estimated head position at high sampling rates

In this paper we use the ACORN estimator that generates estimates of the head position by processing servo burst and data sector measurements of the mean square error (MSE), to provide head position error measurements at high sampling rates during read. A high bandwidth controller is designed and tested on an actual disk drive. The effect of the higher sampling rate on the seek time and steady state performance is evaluated and compared. While our results show that the use of a higher sampling rate provides some improvement, the position of the resonance modes limits further increase in bandwidth that is now possible due to the higher sampling rate. Consequently the proposed method is expected to have additional benefits in future generations of disk drives where dual stage actuators will be used during read.
The Transfer of Pseudokarumia Pic from Dascillidae (Karumiinae) to Telegeusidae, with a Key to World Genera of Telegusidae

Pseudokarumia Pic is moved from the Dascillidae to the Telegeusidae where it becomes the third known genus for that family. The characters placing this genus, and the presence of undescribed members in Costa Rica and Panama, are discussed. A key to the world genera of adult male Telegeusidae is provided.
Design Considerations and Long-Term in Vivo Studies with the Disposable Spiral Membrane Lung

Clinical blood oxygenation has now been routinely practiced for nearly two decades. Pathologic findings after extracorporeal perfusion by bubble and disc blood oxygenation techniques suggest that significant morbidity and mortality is due to giamage to blood elements (1). Such perfusion methods cannot be used for long periods of time. Long term perfusion is needed in various clinical situations; for instance, a patient after a heart operation, who is unable to tolerate being taken off bypass after corrective surgery. Such patient would benefit from continued extracorporeal cardiopulmonary assistance.
Enhancing understanding of discrete event simulation models through analysis

This work extends current research in model analysis and program understanding to assist modelers in obtaining additional insight into their models and the systems they represent. Given a particular simulation implementation, this research demonstrates the feasibility of automatically-derived observations that could potentially enhance a model builder or model user's understanding of their models. One significant point of this research is that the newly-created tools do not necessitate that a modeler be able to encode the model, modify or add code, or even have a technical background. Another key point is focus on model aspects rather than simulation aspects: the model itself is detailed rather than the simulation implementation code. Results indicate these tools and techniques, when applied to even modest simulation models, can reveal aspects not previously apparent to builders or users of the models. This work provides modelers with additional techniques that can enhance understanding.
Comparison of CFD with Reservoir Routing Model Predictions for Stormwater Ponds

The hydraulic design of stormwater detention ponds is usually directed towards outflow peak reduction. It is generally calculated with the reservoir routing ap…
Blood Culture Studies in Rheumatic Fever Patients

Among the reasons which may have been contributory to this situation are: a belief that the natural bactericidal power of the blood may preclude the demonstration of an infective agent; or, that the accepted blood culture techniques were inadequate for growing organisms from blood. The direct approach has therefore largely been abandoned in favor of indirect methods of elucidating the etiologic factors. The plan of the present study was to return to the direct observation of blood cultures using present day techniques.
Foreign Creditors and the Politics of Development in Australia and Argentina, 1880–1913

Most comparative studies of Australia and Argentina argue that the economic effects of concentrated landholding impede development, and that Australia's greater development is thus attributable to landholders' political defeat at labor's hands. In contrast, this paper argues first that Australian largeholders were primarily destroyed by their creditors, not labor; and second that Argentina and Australian landholders behaved like productive capitalists, not rentiers. Landholders' political behavior, not their economic behavior, affected the later development of agriculture and industry, for large landholders did make productivity-enhancing investments. But in Australia, landholders' political weakness allowed investment markets to be distorted in favor of industry, accelerating industrial development. The Australian and Argentine experiences suggest that a balance of market-led and market-distorting policies are needed to resolve the current Third World debt crisis.
Magnetic Anisotropy of Crystalline Defects

We consider the anisotropies due to coherency strains and the inilioliogcliotis stratlus associated with misfit dislocations, both of which give rise to anisotropy through maguctostrictive coupling. Coherency strains can give rise to anl apparent surface anisotrnpy due to the decrease in coherency strain with the film thickness. This anisotropy is comparable in magnitude to that observed experimentally for Fe [110] epitaxial thiut films on W [110]. The strain field associated with misfit dislocations produces a. surface anisotropy which is also comparable in magnitude to experimentally observed anisotropies. Dislocatioms along the inplane [001] and [110] directions both produce the same preferred direction of maguctization orientation.