cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural aspects of gastrin/CCK-like insect leucosulfakinins and FMRF-amide.

Abstract The leucosulfakinins (LSKs), isolated from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae , are sulfated neuropeptides with homology to gastrin and cholecystokinin. The undecapeptide LSK and decapeptide LSK-II stimulate contractions of the isolated cockroach hindgut. Several structural aspects of the two gastrin/CCK-like insect leucosulfakinins (LSKs) and their relation to FMRF-amide are discussed. Replacement of the oxidation sensitive Met residue with isosteric norleucine leads to an analog with retention of biological activity. The Arg residue of the LSKs is critical for cockroach hindgut contractile stimulatory activity, as its introduction into gastrin II transforms the inactive peptide into an active analog. As demonstrated by the equipotent [His 14 , Arg 16 ]gastrin II, the His 8 and Asp 5 residues of LSK are not critical for activity. The common C-terminal tetrapeptide of the LSKs ([8–11]LSK) is inactive. Taken together with a comparison of the two LSK structures, the data suggest that the LSK active core resides between [8–11]LSK and [4–11]LSK. This is confirmed by considerable activity displayed by the sulfate analog of LSK-II, which contains an extra sulfate group on the Ser 2 residue in the N-terminal region. Homology between the LSKs and molluscan cardioacceleratory and rectum contractile neuropeptide FMRF-amide and Met-enkephalin-Arg 6 -Phe 7 is discussed. The insect LSKs may represent a molecular evolutionary link between the vertebrate gastrin/CCK family and this mammalian enkephalin.
Evaluation of Stored Energy in Ultrafine Aluminum Powder Produced by Plasma Explosion

Ultrae ne aluminum powder produced by plasma explosion (ALEX) exhibits burn behavior unlike that of ordinary aluminum powders. Others have previously suggested that the source of this unique behavior might be stored internal energy. The objective of this study is to evaluate theoretically the feasibility of energy being stored in ALEX as a result of work performed by means of the compression of the liquid portion of an ALEX particle by its shrinking solid shell during rapid solidie cation of the particle. A theoretical model of this process of energy storage was developed. This model was then formulated and numerically solved on a computer for a variety of conditions. Results show that the postulated mechanism results in measurable stored energy for only unrealistically high cooling rates. It is concluded that, although the postulated mechanism could store energy, the amount of energy stored is realistically negligible. This theoretical e nding is in agreement with recent experiments that show no observable stored energy in ALEX particles. Nomenclature A = surface area, m 2 B = bulk modulus, N/m 2 Cp = specie c heat, J/kg ¢K D = diameter, m Est = thermal energy stored during solidie cation, J H f = latent heat of fusion, J/kg h = heat transfer coefe cient, W/m 2 ¢K k = thermal conductivity, W/m ¢K m = mass, kg N = surface node P = pressure, Pa r = radius,m T = temperature, K Ti = initial temperature, K V = volume, m 3 W = work, J ¯ = thermal coefe cient of expansion, 1/K 1t = time-step increment, s Ω = density, kg/m 3
Cost reductions in the nickel—hydrogen battery

Abstract For the past several years, Johnson Controls, Inc. has been working with COMSAT Laboratories and Sandia National Laboratories on the development of the The major emphasis of the program was on reduction of the manufacturing cost of the aerospace cell. The intent of the developmental effort was to redes The approach was to adapt JCI's experience in the high-volume production of lead—acid automotive batteries to the manufacture of the nickel—hydroge A significant reduction in cost was achieved through several technical developments, component changes, and process improvements. Two technical develop As an integral part of the program, the details of the manufacturing costs were carefully studied. One purpose was to highlight those raw material and
Emerging opportunities and career paths for the young physician-scientist.

1‐3 . Physician-scientists are vital members of the medical research enterprise, because the scientific questions they ask reflect the experiences they gain from taking care of sick people. This generalization can be illustrated by listing some of their notable achievements, such as the discovery of oncogenes, the low-density lipoprotein receptor, prions, HIV, pulmonary surfactant, and the defective genes in many inherited disorders; the eradication of smallpox and the near-eradication of polio; cures for childhood leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and testicular cancer; the development of open-heart surgery, of organ and bone-marrow transplantation, and of approaches to decrease mortality after heart attacks and strokes. The kinds of questions that physicianscientists tend to ask will become even more important as information about the human genome swells in this ‘post-genomic’ era. They are also in an ideal position to communicate and collaborate, both with PhD scientists and with health-care providers. Finally, physician-scientists can make the strongest case for the medical relevance of basic research to legislators, advocates and health agencies 4
Dependence of Agonist Activation on an Aromatic Moiety in the DPLIY Motif of the Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone Receptor

In the GnRH receptor, the NPX2-3Y motif that is present in the seventh transmembrane helix of most G protein-coupled receptors is unusual in containing Asp instead of Asn but retains the highly conserved Tyr residue. The importance of this aromatic residue in the DPLIY sequence of the GnRH receptor function was analyzed by replacing Tyr322 with Ala or Phe residues. The Y322A mutant receptor expressed in COS-7 cells had high agonist binding affinity, but its ability to interact with G protein(s) and to activate inositol phosphate production in response to GnRH was abolished. Although functionally inactive, the Y322A mutant receptor was internalized at about 50% of the rate of the wild type receptor in agonist-treated cells. When Tyr322 was replaced with Phe to preserve its aromatic nature, the Y322F mutant receptor displayed normal G protein activation and inositol phosphate responses to GnRH and was internalized in the same manner as the wild type receptor. These findings demonstrate that the aromatic moi...
The Participation of Emergency Nurses in the Development of the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (BKAT) for the Adult Emergency Department, the ED-BKAT2

This article describes the participation of ED nurses in the development of the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (BKAT) for the adult emergency department (ED-BKAT2©), developed by Jean Toth and Kathleen Ritchey and copyrighted in 1980. The research covered the span of 7 years, from 2005 to 2012. Findings include research support/evidence for both validity and reliability of the tool. Uses for the ED-BKAT2 are found in the Figure and discussed in the text. Acknowledgements are made by name, of the 60 emergency nurses across the United States of America who participated in this university/multi-hospital setting collaborative work.
Conservation strategies for forest gene resources

Abstract Gene conservation has three facets: (1) the maintenance of diversity in production plantations to buffer against vulnerability to pests and climatic extremes; (2) the preservation of genes for their future value in breeding; (3) the protection of species to promote ecosystem stability. Maintaining diversity as a hedge against damaging agents is a simple strategy in theory. In practice, economic forces tend to favor genetic monocultures to maximize short-term gain. Genes are the raw material from which new strains will be constructed, but only if they are preserved. Gene resources can be preserved in situ in reserves or special management areas or ex situ in seed banks or arboreta. Because timber harvest and gene conservation are compatible, in situ preservation can be quite inexpensive. However, viable reserves depend on the maintenance of adapted gene complexes, not just the preservation of genes. Ex situ preservation is a prudent back-up system. Studies of genetic architecture are necessary to optimize the sampling strategy for ex situ preservation or the size and location of reserves for in situ preservation. Extinction results in the loss of genes, but even more important, it has the potential to undermine entire ecosystems. Even rare species may serve as keystones, upon which entire, coevolved systems may depend. The technical aspects of gene conservation are relatively simple, compared to the socio-economic aspects. The real problem for gene conservation is the competition for land and economic resources, and the solutions are social and political.
A silver method for staining normal axis cylinders of central nervous system structures

The fink-Heimer stain for degenerating axons has been modified for demonstration of normal axis cylinders. The technique stains tissue prepared from a variety of fixation protocols. Vibratome prepared sections, coupled with an efficient use of laboratory time makes this procedure a simple, quick, and repeatable general technique. This preparation provides valuable insight into the histological organization of the intact central nervous system.
Functional maturation of the salt gland of the goose

Abstract 1. 1. Experiments were carried out to determine the influence of age on salt gland secretion in the domestic goose. 2. 2. Oral or i.v. loading of hypertonic NaCl evoked a rapid secretory response in geese 6–14 weeks of age. 3. 3. A significantly smaller fraction of the salt load was secreted by older birds (2.2 kg and above) than by younger birds ( 4. 4. The maximum volume collected and the maximum sodium concentration during an 80 min observation period did not differ over a range of 4 kg in body weight. 5. 5. The maximum volume and sodium concentration/kg of body weight decreased significantly as the birds aged. 6. 6. A greater fraction of the administered water load was secreted by the salt gland at any time period compared to the fraction of the salt load secreted, indicating substantial cloacal excretion of the salt load.
Laboratory Corroboration of the Pioneer Venus Gas Chromatograph Analyses

Laboratory simulation and tests of the inlet sampling system and columns of the Pioneer Venus gas chromatograph show that the sensitivity to argon is not diminished after the column regeneration step, argon isotopes are not separated, oxygen and sulfur dioxide are not produced in the inlet sampling system from sulfur trioxide, and sulfur trioxide is not formed from sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Comparisons of the volatile inventory of Venus and Earth imply similar efficiencies of early outgassing but a lower efficiency for later outgassing in the case of Venus. The high oxidation state of the Venus atmosphere in the region of cloud formation may prohibit the generation of elemental sulfur particles.
A microarray immunoassay for simultaneous detection of proteins and bacteria

We report the development and characterization of an antibody microarray biosensor for the rapid detection of both protein and bacterial analytes under flow conditions. Using a noncontact microarray printer, biotinylated capture antibodies were immobilized at discrete locations on the surface of an avidin-coated glass microscope slide. Preservation of capture antibody function during the deposition process was accomplished with the use of a low-salt buffer containing sucrose and bovine serum albumin. The slide was fitted with a six-channel flow module that conducted analyte-containing solutions over the array of capture antibody microspots. Detection of bound analyte was subsequently achieved using fluorescent tracer antibodies. The pattern of fluorescent complexes was interrogated using a scanning confocal microscope equipped with a 635-nm laser. This microarray system was employed to detect protein and bacterial analytes both individually and in samples containing mixtures of analytes. Assays were completed in 15 min, and detection of cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, and Bacillus globigii was demonstrated at levels as low as 8 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 6.2 x 10(4) cfu/mL, respectively. The assays presented here are very fast, as compared to previously published methods for measuring antibody-antigen interactions using microarrays (minutes versus hours).
Intensive timed sequential remission induction chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine for childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

Background Timed sequential chemotherapy and high-dose cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside, Ara-C; HDAC) are both effective treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We review our institutional experience with timed sequential induction chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin/Ara-C/-thioguanine (DAT) or idarubicin/Ara-C/-thioguanine (IAT) followed on day 14 by HDAC regardless of the degree of marrow aplasia for children with newly diagnosed AML. Procedure Children presenting with newly diagnosed AML were treated with induction chemotherapy consisting of idarubicin (12 mg/m/day on days 1–3 or daunorubicin at 45 mg/m2/day for the first five patients), Ara-C (100 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion on days 1–7), and thioguanine (100 mg/m2/day on days 1–7). HDAC (1 g/m2/dose every 12 hr for 10 doses) was administered beginning on day 14, regardless of the results of bone marrow examination. Results Thirteen children received timed sequential HDAC. Only one child received HDAC later than Day 18. Eleven of the children achieved a complete remission. All patients experienced grade 4 hematologic toxicity, and all had fever as well. There were 11 children with documented infections. Ten had grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity. One patient died of sepsis. Conclusions HDAC administered as a part of timed sequential therapy yields an excellent remission induction rate with manageable toxicity. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:365–371. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A general method to prepare monodentate phosphane ligands with mixed substituents

Treatment of (2,2′-biphenylylene)- phosphorchloridite ester [(C12H8O2)PCl] (1) with C2F5Li yields (C12H8O2)PC2F52; treatment of 1 with Grignard reagents yields compounds of the type (C12H8O2)PR (R = iPr, 5; Et 6). In both cases, the 1,3-dioxepine ring formed when 2,2′-biphenol reacts with PCl3 to form 1 serves as a protecting group at the phosphorus atom; the ring allows the stepwise introduction of one substituent and prevents undesirable product mixtures associated with multiple substitutions at the phosphorus. Additional treatment of compounds 2, 5, and 6 with Grignard, alkyl-, or aryllithium reagents results in the formation of unsymmetrically substituted phosphanes. The use of (2,2′-biphenylylene)phosphorchloridite ester as a starting material for the preparation of electroneutral phosphanes of the type (Rf)PR2 and electron-poor phosphanes of the type (Rf)2PR is described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:393–397, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20563
Public employee unions and the privatization of “public” services

Public sector unions are strongly opposed to contracting with the private sector for the production of goods and services. Economic theory indicates that because of incentives the private sector should be much more efficient that the public sector — a proposition verified for numerous activities of state and local governments. This paper examines evidence at the federal level to show that substantial cost savings can be achieved by contracting out in that sector as well.
Approach for two-dimensional velocity mapping

A method for extracting the convection speed and direction of aberrations present in wavefronts due to aero-optical turbulence over the pupil of a turret on the side of an airborne platform is addressed. The method is applied to data from the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory (AAOL). Such convection information is useful in designing feed-forward adaptive-optic approaches. The method makes use of a four-beam Malley probe technique derived by constructing a two-dimensional (2-D) local convective velocity-distribution over the beam's aperture. This technique is based on extending the analysis of the Notre-Dame-developed Malley probe. Two wavefront datasets (Azimuth 157 deg and Elevation 40 deg; Azimuth 42 deg and Elevation 43 deg) from the AAOL are analyzed using the derived method, the first where the laser propagates through fully-separated flow and the second where the laser propagates through an attached-flow region. Finally, the 2-D proper orthogonal decomposition is applied to one in-flight measured dataset to determine the spatial requirements of deformable mirrors in an adaptive-optics system. The paper concludes with a discussion that points out the usefulness of the 2-D velocity-distributions in characterizing the various flow structures which convect over the aperture.
Luteinizing hormone promotes gonadal tumorigenesis in inhibin-deficient mice

The inhibins are secreted alpha:beta heterodimers of the TGF-beta superfamily that are mainly synthesized in Sertoli cells and granulosa cells, and are critical regulators of testicular and ovarian development and function. Mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the inhibin alpha subunit gene (Inha(-/-)) develop sex cord-stromal tumors in a gonadotropin-dependent manner. Here, we determine the contribution of LH to gonadal tumorigenesis by generating mice deficient in both inhibins and LH. Inha(-/-)Lhb(-/-) mice have increased survival and delayed tumor progression, and these observations correlate with lower serum FSH and estradiol levels compared to Inha(-/-) controls. Double mutant testicular tumors demonstrate decreased expression of cyclin D2, while double mutant ovarian tumors have elevated expression of p15(INK4b) and trend toward higher levels of p27(Kip1). We conclude that LH is not required for tumor formation in the absence of inhibins but promotes tumor progression, likely through alterations in serum hormone levels and cell cycle regulators.
Vasectomy, vas ligation and vas occlusion

Abstract A series of 1,000 vasectomies for the purpose of sterilization with an analysis of post-operative complications, particularly recanalization, is reviewed. A review of the world literature shows there are at least 28 different techniques for sterilization of the male and a rate of 0.58 per cent of spontaneous recanalization. The sperm disappearance rate in our series showed that 94.5 per cent of the patients were considered to be sterile ten weeks after the surgical procedure. This review directs attention to the problems associated with this so-called “simple little procedure.”
Mechanisms of deformation-induced grain boundary chromium depletion (sensitization) development in type 316 stainless steels

Deformation accelerates the development of grain boundary chromium depletion (GBCD), or sensitization, in type 316 austenitic stainless steels (SS). Quantitative assessment of the degree of sensitization (DOS) using the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test indicates that the acceleration in GBCD is a function of the amount of strain in the material and temperature of isothermal sensitization treatment. A systematic increase in strain from 0 to 20 pct yields a continuous increase in EPRDOS values below 700°C, while at higher temperatures, a threshold strain of 6 to 10 pct is required to cause accelerated GBCD development. Straining SS above 20 pct also produces higher amounts of chromium depletion, though the (intergranular) sensitization susceptibility of the material could not be quantitatively evaluated due to the presence of grain matrix or transgranular corrosion. Classical C-curve precipitation-sensitization behavior was also noted for strained and unstrained materials, though strain moved the C-curves to the left. Microstructural evaluation of sensitization revealed a systematic increase in grain boundary and twin boundary corrosion on EPR attack surfaces with strain, which corroborated the deformation-induced acceleration of EPRDOS. A time-temperature-strain dependence of transgranular corrosion was also identified on EPR-etched samples strained above 20 pct. These were also reflected in transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations of higher grain boundary carbide precipitation on strainedvs unstrained specimens and site-specific carbide precipitation on deformation sites in the material. Kinetic and thermodynamic modeling of deformation effects on carbide precipitation and depletion development in type 316 SS indicated that strain induces a reduction in the activation barrier to diffusion (Q) a and thermodynamic barrier to nucleation (ΔG *) during the precipitation-depletion process. The lowering ofQ a with strain caused chromium diffusivity and depletion development to be accelerated in strainedvs unstrained materials and appears to be due to increased dislocation pipe diffusion with strain. Reduction of ΔG * with strain was related to an increase in the free energy change of the grain boundary (ΔG) gb and accelerated carbide precipitate nucleation in deformed SS. The effect of strain on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the precipitation-depletion process decreases with increasing temperature.
Effect of carrier on organ distribution of 75Se-Selenomethionine.

Abstract 75 Se-selenomethionine was the first amino acid used in clinical scintillation scanning. It can be produced with a high specific activity by biosynthesis (specific activity about 300 mCi/mg) or chemical synthesis (specific activity about 6 mCi/mg). Synthetic methods have been developed recently for the incorporation of the short-lived radionuclides carbon-11 and fluorine-18 into organic molecules. The final products of these syntheses have, however, relatively low specific activities (about 1.0 μCi/mg). This made it important to study the effect of carrier on the organ distribution of labeled organic compounds. For that purpose, mice were injected with 75 Se-selenomethionine, with varying amounts of d,l-methioine, d,l-selenomethionine, and l-methionine added. With increasing amounts of selenomethionine carrier there was a decrease of uptake to a maximum of 50% in all organs, while with methionine as carrier the liver uptake increased. As a result, selenomethionine carrier, unlike methionine, does not cause a decrease in the ratios of pancreas/liver concentration. The fact that methionine and selenomethionine follow separate pathways is significant for external visualization. It indicates that radioactive organic compounds of low specific activity may be useful for clinical scintigraphy, as long as one can ensure that the nonradioactive carrier is identical to the labeled compound.
Punctate chemical lesions of striate cortex in the macaque monkey: effect on visually guided saccades

Chemical agents which reversibly or irreversibly disrupt neural processing offer several advantages over traditional techniques for behavioral studies of the central nervous system. In order to evaluate the utility of chemical agents for a behavioral analysis of visual cortical function in primates, we have tested the effects of muscimol and ibotenic acid on the function of striate cortex in awake, behaving monkeys. We studied the monkey's ability to generate saccadic eye movements to visual targets at various locations in the visual field following an injection of one or the other chemical solution into a topographically identified location in striate cortex. Our results show that deficits in the generation of visually guided saccades following such injections are similar to those that result from surgical ablation of striate cortex, although recovery is more rapid following the injections. The experiments indicate that, with certain restrictions, chemical inactivation is a useful technique for behavioral analysis of visual cortical function.
A study of the temperature dependence of the electronic spectra of alkyl cobaloximes.

Abstract The temperature dependence of the electronic spectra of the alkyl-pyridinatocobaloximes in benzene solution was found to be due to an equilibrium existing between two forms proposed to be inner-sphere and outer-sphere coordination compounds. Evidence is presented to rule out the possibilities of equilibria with pentacoordinated or dimeric forms, as well as a form with the cobalt out of the plane of the dimethylglyoxime.
D2O effects on association behavior and binding properties of phospho- and dephospho-cytoplasmic malic dehydrogenase.

Abstract Sedimentation equilibrium measurements were performed in H 2 O and D 2 O on phospho and dephospho forms of cytoplasmic malic dehydrogenase. Over the concentration range measured, both enzymes showed substantial dissociation in H 2 O, but only the fully associated dimer was observed in D 2 O. Parallel NADH binding studies indicated that the increased association in D 2 O was accompanied by an increased protein concentration-dependence of cooperativity in the dephospho enzyme. However, no cooperativity of NADH binding was seen in either H 2 O or D 2 O with the phospho enzyme. This indicates that the quaternary structure forces involved in generating cooperativity are not necessarily identical to those promoting subunit association.
Multifunctional nanocarriers and intracellular drug delivery

Abstract Multifunctional nanocarriers for the delivery and targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in cancer therapy have received significantly increased interest in recent years. Several multifunctional nanocarriers engineered from a wide range of materials with consolidation of various functionalities for long circulation, targetability, stimuli-sensitivity, intracellular delivery for therapy and imaging have been shown to be capable of killing the desired target diseased cells with minimal side effects to provide enhanced contrast during imaging for disease location and monitor both the fate of the nanocarrier and treatment in real time. This review highlights recent advances in the design and engineering of multifunctional nanocarriers, along with the importance of intracellular delivery.
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy: Evolution of a Technique at a Single Institution

Background The pancreas remains an organ for which routine laparoscopic resection is uncommon. Study Design This is a review of all distal pancreatectomies performed between January 2003 and December 2009 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Variables were compared between laparoscopic and open groups in unmatched and matched analyses. Results During the 7-year study period, 343 distal pancreatectomies were performed; 107 (31%) were attempted laparoscopically and 236 (69%) were performed open. The conversion rate was 30%. Laparoscopic patients were younger (median 60 vs 64 years, p Conclusions Patients who had laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy experienced decreased blood loss and a shorter hospital stay compared with matched patients undergoing open resection. Careful patient selection is important because patients who required conversion experienced higher rates of complications and pancreatic leak.
Conserving approximations for strongly fluctuating electron systems. II. Numerical results and parquet extension.

We describe an iterative technique for solution of the de Dominicis--Martin parquet equations for lattice electrons and state the relationship of this approach to conserving extensions of Hartree-Fock theory. We propose a physically motivated and computationally feasible pseudopotential approximation, which allows the solution of the parquet equations for the two-dimensional Hubbard model. We present calculations of static and dynamic Hubbard-model correlation functions based on the pseudopotential parquet and a simpler conserving approximation. For a wide parameter range the pseudopotential parquet results are in nearly quantitative agreement with finite-lattice quantum Monte Carlo results.
CONSEQUENTIALIZING MORAL THEORIES

: To consequentialize a non-consequentialist theory, take whatever considerations that the non-consequentialist theory holds to be relevant to determining the deontic statuses of actions and insist that those considerations are relevant to determining the proper ranking of outcomes. In this way, the consequentialist can produce an ordering of outcomes that when combined with her criterion of rightness yields the same set of deontic verdicts that the non-consequentialist theory yields. In this paper, I argue that any plausible non-consequentialist theory can be consequentialized. I explain the motivation for the consequentializing project and defend it against recent criticisms by Mark Schroeder and others.
Rosette formation by sensitized human red cells- effects of source of peripheral leukocyte monolayers.

. Employing standardized IgG-coated 51Cr-labelled human red blood cells (RBC), variation in rosette formation among monolayers obtained from 10 healthy donors was defined, as well as variation among 24 sequential monolayers obtained from one healthy donor and 8 sequential monolayers from a second healthy donor over a 4-month period. Rosette formation, expressed as eluate cpm per plate, averaged 220 (range 35–472) for the 10 donors; 24 determinations on one donor averaged 201 (range 59420), 8 determinations on the second donor averaged 244 (range 69–395). Striking increases in rosette formation were observed employing monolayers from 4 of 4 normal subjects during the course of viral infections, with peak values exceeding 5, 8, 13 and 14× the normal mean. Elevations were also observed with monolayers prepared from blood of selected patients with hematologic disorders; a remarkable value 168 ×the normal mean was repeatedly obtained for a patient with myeloid metaplasia whose monolayer consisted almost exclusively of mature granulocytic rosette-forming cells. The results emphasize the influence of monolayer donor variables on rosette formation.
The cat as a model for myocardial infarction

Coronary artery occlusion results in both rhythm disturbances and the development of ischaemia leading to infarction. The usefulness of the cat as an experimental model for studying both arrhythmia and infarction was examined by performing slow ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The presence of ventricular rhythm disturbances occurring 12 to 24 h after LAD occlusion ie, late arrhythmia, was determined and correlated with the extent of infarction. Slow ligation of the LAD in 16 cats resulted in less severe arrhythmia immediately after occlusion with no ventricular fibrillation. In addition there was no sustained period of late ventricular arrhythmia unless LAD occlusion was produced in the presence of complete heart block. In 11 cats with complete heart block LAD occlusion produced a period of late multifocal ventricular arrhythmia that started at 20 to 24 h and persisted for up to 70 to 80 h after occlusion. Infarct size was determined by macroscopic dehydrogenase staining and confirmed by histological examination in cats with LAD occlusion only (n=9). The infarct involved 32.6±2.7% of the ventricular myocardium, 72.2±5.6% of which was interventricular septum. In cats with complete heart block and LAD occlusion (n=15) the infarct involved 32.2±2.2% of the ventricular myocardium, 63.2±4.4% of which was interventricular septum. There was a significant correlation between the extent of infarction and the number of ectopic ventricular beats at 24 h after LAD occlusion (P<0.05). A significant correlation also existed between infarct weight and heart weight (P<0.05).
on thomas mcevilley: A postmodern pyrrhonist

My first encounter with Thomas McEviliey's work was not, as one might expect, a reading of one of the many Indological articles that he has published in journals like Philosophy East and West and Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics. In fact, the first article of his that I ever read is one that is not even cited in McEviliey's extensive bibliography. It was a disturbing piece published in Artforum, called "Art in the Dark" (McEvilley 1983b). This article reviewed the often violent and bloody performance art (remember "happenings"?) from the 1950s through the 1970s.1 The performance art of these decades, according to McEvilley, was a gesture toward redefining art in such a way that it included virtually everything, including the kitchen sink, often the toilet, as well as a famous urinal.2 McEviliey's sympathetic interpretation of these attempts at erasing the line between life and art was supported by insightful references to more-or-less obligatory authorities like Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, James George Frazer, Ferdinand de Saussure, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. But what particularly caught my attention was, first, the frequent references to the Greeks, not only Sophocles and Euripides, as one might expect, and that bloody business of the taurobolium, but also to rather disreputable Greeks like the iconic figure Diogenes of Sinope, the Cynic, whose "performance philosophy" (that is, the practice of indifference3) McEvilley took to be a predecessor to the performance artists of the middle twentieth century (see the article's very first footnote4). Furthermore, by the end of his article, McEvilley was referring insightfully to ?jivakas and Pa?upatas and citing Daniel Ingalls (1962) as well as an article of his own, "An Archaeology of Yoga" (McEvilley 1981). Here was an art critic who was familiar with the asceticism of Jaina monks and Pa?upata beast vows, as well as suggestions of "endurance art" attested in the Atharva Veda, and ordeal art attested in the Viiuddhimagga of A?vaghosa. "What an interesting fellow," I thought to myself. "I'll have to look him up." McEvilley, as it turns out, is a Classical Philologist who has also studied some
Bush Administration Releases Climate Science Plan

The Bush Administration's final version of its climate change research plan, issued on 24 July, is an ambitious and long-awaited document which promises to guide the government's science efforts for the next decade. The Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan establishes five overall goals for the next decade, including improving knowledge of the planet's past and present climate and environment, reducing uncertainty of climate projections, and understanding the sensitivity and adaptability of ecosystems and human systems to global change.
JMBE Supports 20 Years of Teaching Excellence at ASMCUE and Offers ASM Laboratory Safety Guidelines

Since 2010, JMBE has included the abstracts from the ASM Conference for Undergraduate Educators (ASMCUE), providing authors a citation for their work in biology education. This year ASM celebrates the 20 th anniversary of the ASMCUE, so congratulations to the abstract authors published in this issue for being a part of this significant milestone. Also of note is the Biosafety Guidelines for Teaching Laboratories, authored by Elizabeth A. B. Emmert and the ASM Task Committee on Laboratory Biosafety. Two enhancements to ensure the long-term sustainability of the journal were introduced with this issue: easy to follow training videos that complement the printed guidelines for authors and reviewers, and opportunities for print and online advertising.
Determination of the Ni{001}c(2×2)-CO Structure by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction

We have resolved the inconsistency between low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) analyses concerning the orientation of molecular CO when chemisorbed in a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ structure on the Ni(001) surface. Dynamical analysis of new LEED data indicates that CO stands perpendicular to the Ni surface with the C atom on top of a Ni atom; preliminary results for the Ni-C and C-O separations are 1.72 and 1.15 \AA{}, respectively.
Rice Hull Reinforced Building Boards Using Formaldehyde-Free Adhesive Resins Derived From Whey:

The disposal of rice hulls from harvesting and use of rice, and the disposal of whey and whey permeate from the cheese industry represents a serious eco nomic and environmental problem. This project looks at the feasibility of pro ducing rice hull-reinforced particle boards using resins derived from whey permeate. Results indicate that low quality boards may be prepared using un- ground rice hulls, but may be improved by grinding the rice hulls and/or adding saw dust to the formulation.The proposed utilization of whey permeate in this manner would favor re placement of formaldehyde-based resins currently used in the forest products building board industry in addition to conserving non-renewable energy re sources in the form of petroleum and natural gas.
Functional study of four neurotoxins as inhibitors of post-traumatic nerve regeneration.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Chemical inhibition of nerve regeneration was studied as a potential adjunct in the treatment of injuries to the facial or recurrent laryngeal nerve. We propose that by treating selected muscles with an inhibitor of nerve regeneration shortly after injury, synkinesis may be controlled. Study Design: Nerve regeneration after crush injury was studied in the rat posterior tibial and sciatic nerves, well-established models for the study of peripheral nerve injuries. Methods: Four days after controlled crush injury to the posterior tibial nerve, the gastrocnemius muscle was injected with saline (control, n = 8), phenol (n = 6), doxorubicin (n = 6), or vincristine (n = 11). Injection without crush injury was performed using vincristine (n = 4) or botulinum toxin (n = 4). Four rats underwent crush injury to the sciatic nerve followed 4 days later by botulinum toxin injection to the gastrocnemius muscle. The percent of functional recovery (%FR) of the nerve was assessed using walking track analysis. Results: Vincristine significantly retarded nerve regeneration. Five weeks after injury, %FR returned to normal in controls, as well as in the phenol, doxorubicin, and botulinum toxin groups, while in the vincristine group %FR was less than 60% of baseline (P <.0001). Vincristine injections without crush injury showed no significant reduction in print length factor. Functional recovery in the botulinum/crush group was more rapid than the botulinum without crush group. Conclusions: Application of vincristine to the gastrocnemius muscle significantly inhibits regeneration of the posterior tibial nerve after crush injury. Botulinum toxin does not prolong functional recovery after nerve injury; rather, crush injury protects against the prolonged chemodenervation seen with botulinum toxin. Doxorubicin and phenol injection did not prolong functional recovery at the doses tested.
WE-E-213CD-11: A New Automatically Generated Metric for Evaluating the Spatial Precision of Deformable Image Registrations: The Distance Discordance Metric.

Purpose: We propose a new metric called Distance Discordance (DD), which is defined as the distance between two anatomic points from two moving images, which are co‐located on some reference image, when deformed onto another reference image.Methods: To demonstrate the concept of DD, we created a reference software phantom which contains two objects. The first object (1) consists of a hollow box with a fixed size core and variable wall thickness. The second object (2) consists of a solid box of fixed size and arbitrary location. 7 different variations of the fixed phantom were created. Each phantom was deformed onto every other phantom using two B‐Spline DIR algorithms available in Elastix and Plastimatch. Voxels were sampled from the reference phantom [1], which were also deformed from moving phantoms [2…6], and we find the differences in their corresponding location on phantom [7]. Each voxel results in a distribution of DD values, which we call distance discordance histogram (DDH). We also demonstrate this concept in 8 Head & Neck patients. Results: The two image registration algorithms produced two different DD results for the same phantom image set. The mean values of the DDH were slightly lower for Elastix (0–1.28 cm) as compared to the values produced by Plastimatch (0–1.43 cm). The combined DDH for the H&N patients followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 0.45 cm and std. deviation of 0.42 cm. Conclusions: The proposed distance discordance (DD) metric is an easily interpretable, quantitative tool that can be used to evaluate the effect of inter‐patient variability on the goodness of the registration in different parts of the patient anatomy. Therefore, it can be utilized to exclude certain images based on their DDH characteristics. In addition, this metric does not rely on ‘ground truth’ or the presence of contoured structures. Partially supported by NIH grant R01 CA85181
Oceanic crustal thickness versus spreading rate

A compilation of oceanic crustal thickness from seismic observations collected over the past two decades shows that the average crustal thickness, away from plateaus, is 6 km; no systematic increase of crustal thickness with spreading rate is observed. Instead, the data show large variations in crustal thickness at slow spreading ridges (3 – 8 km for half rates 30 mm/yr). The large variations at slow ridges and small variations at fast ridges are consistent with the results inferred from recent gravity studies of mid-ocean ridges. Both data sets support the speculation of a transition from a 3-D structure of crustal accretion at slow ridges to a 2-D accretion pattern at fast ridges.
Polymerization of aromatic nuclei. XIX. Polymerization of thiophene by aluminum chloride

Thiophene was polymerized in high yield on exposure to aluminum chloride in solvent under mild conditions. Experimental evidence [IR, NMR, UV, and mass spectra, elemental analyses, reductive desulfurization, and comparison with the literature trimer of thiophene (prepared with phosphoric acid)] suggests the following structure: From gel permeation chromatography an average weight of 1290 was obtained, which corresponded to the presence of 15 rings; the highest-molecular-weight chains contained about 192 rings. Mechanistically, participation of cationic intermediates is proposed. Apparently chain extension can occur by various routes, including participation of neutral oligomer molecules.
A framework for functional specification and transformation of hidden surface elimination algorithms

This paper deals with the theory of hidden surface elimination algorithms in Computer Graphics. A set of functions and abstract data types are defined to help concisely specify a class of hidden surface elimination algorithms in a purely functional language. A formal study of these algorithms is presented here along with theorems of equivalence between some of the specifications. It is shown here that such proofs of equivalence will help in the construction of existing as well as new algorithms. We bring in the importance of such a study to exploit alternative parallel architectures for implementation of these algorithms. The other benefits of formal specification and analysis are due to its use as a teaching aid and effective method for rapid prototyping of these algorithms.
Immunohistochemical characterization of cancer antigen in uterine cancers.

The pattern of cancer antigen (CA-125) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated in malignant and nonneoplastic endometrium in endometrial carcinoma. Ninety cases of primary uterine carcinomas (65 endometrioid [EM] carcinoma, 15 serous papillary [SP] carcinoma, 6 carcinosarcomas [malignant mixed mullerian tumors], and 4 clear cell carcinoma [CC]) and adjacent atrophic and/or hyperplastic endometrium were analyzed by IHC for CA-125 expression. The percentage and intensity of luminal, apical, basal, and diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining of epithelial cells were categorized on a scale of 0–4. The immunoreaction score (IRS score) was calculated and correlated with the grade and stage of carcinoma according to the histologic type. CA-125 expression (3–4/4) was localized in apical borders of grade 1 and grade 2 EM carcinoma and was weak or negative (0–1/4) in grade 3 EM. Mucinous differentiation in EM was associated with intense luminal and apical staining. Squamous areas and stroma showed no staining at all. SP carcinoma and endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma showed much higher mean IRS score than EM. In malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT), the epithelial component stained as above according to the type of epithelial cell differentiation of the neoplastic cells. Benign proliferative glands showed moderate apical luminal, basal, and cytoplasmic staining. Intense diffuse staining was observed in atypical complex hyperplasia. Different patterns of CA-125 immunostaining were observed in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium. IRS score correlated with the grade but not with the stage of EM carcinoma. The intense different staining pattern of endometrium with atypical complex hyperplasia suggests that CA-125 may be a useful diagnostic aid.
On Minimum-Redundancy Fix-Free Codes

Fix-free codes are variable length codes in which no codeword is the prefix or suffix of another codeword. They are used in video compression standards because their property of efficient decoding in both the forward and backward directions assists with error resilience. This property also potentially halves the average search time for a string in a compressed file relative to unidirectional variable length codes. Relatively little is known about minimum-redundancy fix-free codes, and we describe some characteristics of and observations about such codes. We introduce a new heuristic to produce fix-free codes which is influenced by these ideas. The design of minimum-redundancy fix-free codes is an example of a constraint processing problem, and we offer the first approach to constructing them and a variation with an additional symmetry requirement.
Long-term results of the uncemented acetabular component in a primary total hip arthroplasty performed for protrusio acetabuli: a fifteen year median follow-up

Protrusio acetabuli is an uncommon finding that can be seen in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty for arthritis. Uncemented fixation of the acetabular component and bone grafting of the protrusio defect is commonly used as a reconstruction method and has shown good mid-term results. The long-term outcome of these reconstructions warrants further study. The objective of this study was to determine the results of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with use of an uncemented acetabular component for protrusio acetabuli in patients followed for a minimum of ten years. Sixty-five hips in 53 patients had a primary THA with uncemented acetabular component for the protrusio acetabuli between 1984 and 2001. There were 53 procedures performed in females (82 %) and 12 in males (18 %). The mean age at the procedure was 66 years. Acetabular floor reconstruction with use of bone graft was performed in 58 hips (89 %). Four patients (five hips) were lost to follow-up less than ten years after the procedure and 25 patients (31 hips) had died during the follow-up period. The median follow-up of living patients that did not have revisions for acetabular component was 15.4 years (range, ten to 24 years). During the study duration, six hips underwent acetabular component revision: aseptic loosening (three hips), polyethylene wear (two hips), and recurrent instability (one hip). The median Harris hip score for the living patients who did not have an acetabular component revision improved from 55 points pre-operatively to 82 points at the latest follow-up. At 15 years, the estimated survival rate from revision was 70 % for the THA: 85.4 % for the acetabular component, and 83 % for the femoral component. Five unrevised acetabular components had evidence of non-progressive radiolucency. In patients undergoing THA with acetabular protrusio, fixation of an uncemented hemispherical shell and use of bone graft as necessary provided satisfactory clinical and radiographic results as well as satisfactory survivorship rates at a median follow-up of 15 years.