cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Past, Present, Future: A Program Development Project Exploring Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS) Using Experiential Education and Dance/Movement Therapy Informed Approaches

This program development project integrated dance/movement therapy concepts and Dr. Joy DeGruy’s Post traumatic slave syndrome (PTSS) theory, with the goal of helping African American adolescents in Chicago’s Roseland neighborhood understand, explore and heal from PTSS. The Delphi Method was used to gather information from collaborators via individual interviews and follow up surveys. Collaborators—all experienced with African American adolescents in the Roseland neighborhood and similar neighborhoods—included one African American dance/movement therapist, one program developer, an arts and education director, and an arts education manager. Information sought from collaborators was guided by a Theory Logic Model resulting in clearly identified inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts. The resulting program, titled Healing in Motion, consists of ten modules focused on healing domains from DeGruy’s PTSS model. Each module uses DMT and creative arts approaches for addressing the healing domains. Practical strengths-based activities support healing and positive community engagement. Program adaptations, evaluation suggestions and supplemental activities beyond the current program are suggested.
The role of maternal social networks on the outcomes of a home-based childhood obesity prevention pilot intervention

Background Despite evidence that obesity and related behaviors are influenced by social networks and social systems, few childhood obesity initiatives have focused on social network factors as moderators of intervention outcomes, or targets for intervention strategies. Objectives This pilot study examines associations between maternal social network characteristics hypothesized to influence health behaviors, and the target outcomes of a family-centered childhood obesity prevention initiative. The pilot intervention entailed the provision of healthy eating and activity components as part of an existing home visiting program (HVP) delivered to mothers and infants, to test the feasibility of this approach for improving mother diet, physical activity, and weight status; and infant diet and weight trajectory. Methods Mothers and their infants (N=50 dyads) receiving services from our HVP partner were recruited and randomized to receive the HVP core curriculum with or without a nutrition and physical activity enhancement module for six months. Assessments of mothers' social network characteristics, mother/infant food intake and mother physical activity, and mothers' postpartum weight retention and children's growth velocity were conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Results Several features of mothers' social networks, including the receipt of health-related social support, were significantly associated with the focal intervention outcomes (p < .05) at follow-up, controlling for study condition. Conclusions Integrating childhood obesity prevention into HVPs appears promising. Future family-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity may be enhanced by including social network intervention strategies. For example, by addressing family network characteristics that impede healthy behavior change, or enhancing networks by fostering social support for healthy behavior and weight change.
For whom are we internationalizing? A call to prioritize second language learning in internationalization efforts:

Since the emergence of models and frameworks for college and university internationalization in the early 1990s, post-secondary world language education has remained a core dimension of internation...
Evaluating an Instructional Resource Used for Teaching and Learning Meditation: a Pilot Study

Millions of Americans have learned some form of meditation, including mindfulness, mantra, and spiritual meditation. The majority of them learned on their own, comparatively few consulting a practitioner or attending a meditation class to receive instruction. Despite persistent consumer interest, there is limited research on meditation instruction. As interest in meditation continues to grow, the need for information on instructional best practices becomes increasingly important. For this reason, an instructional resource was developed that provided a simple heuristic for understanding and navigating meditation practice. A consumer-oriented pilot study was conducted to evaluate the resource in terms of perceived benefit, memorability, and satisfaction. The majority of participants reported it to be beneficial for understanding and practicing meditation and were able to recall the four elements of the resource correctly following a 3-week latency period and indicated general satisfaction with the resource. Meditation practice on days using versus not using the resource was also longer. Results suggest that a simple meditation resource can be of benefit in meditation instruction and practice.
Enhanced Remote Long-Term Social Memory Despite an Absence of Any Recent Long-Term Memory for That Same Event

System consolidation (SC) is a process by which memories initially require the hippocampus for recent long-term memory (LTM) but then become increasingly independent of the hippocampus and more dependent on the cortex for remote LTM. Here we study the role of phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A4) in SC. PDE11A4; which degrades cAMP/cGMP and regulates glutamate signaling and protein synthesis; is preferentially expressed in neurons of CA1; the subiculum; and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal region. Deletion of PDE11A enhances remote LTM for social odor recognition and social transmission of food preference (STFP) despite eliminating/silencing recent LTM for those same social events. Measurement of Arc mRNA; a surrogate marker of neuronal activation; suggests the impaired recent LTM for STFP observed in Pde11 KO mice corresponds with decreased activation of ventral CA1 relative to wild-type (WT) littermates; whereas; the enhanced remote LTM for STFP observed in Pde11a KO mice corresponds with increased activation and altered functional connectivity of anterior cingulate cortex; frontal association cortex; parasubiculum; and the superficial layer of medial entorhinal cortex. The apparent increased neural activation observed in prefrontal cortex of Pde11a KO mice may be related to an upregulation of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A. Viral restoration of PDE11A4 to vCA1 alone is sufficient to reverse both the LTM phenotypes and upregulation of NR1 exhibited by Pde11a KO mice. Together our findings suggest remote LTM can be decoupled from recent LTM and may have relevance for cognitive deficits associated with temporal lobe epilepsy or transient global amnesia.
Empiric treatment for peritonsillar abscess: A single-center experience with medical therapy alone.

Abstract Purpose Compare the use of medical therapy alone (MTA) with surgical therapy (ST) for the empiric treatment of peritonsillar abscess (PTA). Materials and methods A consecutive cohort of patients treated for PTA at our institution from May 2013 to February 2019 was analyzed. Demographics, disease characteristics, management strategies, and treatment outcomes were compared between treatment groups. Primary outcomes included treatment failure, defined as the need for follow-up surgical intervention, and complications within 2-weeks of empiric treatment. Results 306 patients (72.7%) received MTA while 115 (27.3%) underwent ST. There was no significant difference in the rate of treatment failure between the MTA (7.2%) and ST (6.1%) groups (p = 0.879). Complications were rare in both groups (1.6% with MTA versus 0.9% with ST; p = 0.898). Dysphagia (p = 0.011), trismus (p = 0.045), larger abscesses (p Conclusions MTA may be a safe and effective alternative to surgical drainage for the empiric treatment of PTA, warranting larger-scale prospective analyses. Abscess size did not appear to influence treatment failure; however, careful patient selection is likely to optimize treatment outcomes.
Protection of Mice from Stroke Using Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Ischemic brain diseases are among major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In severe ischemic lesions, a whole area of the brain, of variable size, lacks blood supply for a variable period of time, resulting in cell death or infarct. The infarct area expands over time and the damage increases accordingly. We made attempts to cure ischemic brain injury through a mouse model for stroke using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We observed a large reproducible infarct after 2 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion. In our study, over 99% of these mice die in less than 2 weeks, have visible neurological deficits, with the infarct occupying ~70% of the hemisphere and cell death expanding to become total in the affected area within 16 h after reperfusion. Total bone marrow transplantation revealed an optimal window for a successful therapy within 2–6 h after the reperfusion. Enriched hematopoietic stem (HSCs) cells injected intravenously protect 40% of the mice and allow them to survive up to a normal life span, correct the neurological deficits, and reduce the infarct area to 30%. The HSCs, however, were injected in 2 doses, one within 2 h after reperfusion and the second ~18–24 h later. The mechanism of neuroprotection does not depend on addition of new cells. Donor HSCs are likely to secrete growth factors that provide the protective effect for the brain cells (neurons, glia), resulting in the outcome observed. This therapy is likely to have implications for human stroke and potentially for a new therapy.
GENERALIZED DUALITY IN VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS

This paper deals with extensions of the duality structure familiar from convex optimization to more general problems of variational analysis. We begin by showing how several duality structures, which have already proven to be useful in various areas of optimization and equilibrium analysis, can be obtained as special cases of a general approach involving inverses of (possibly set-valued) mappings associated with the problems involved. This approach leads to a general procedure that we have elsewhere called composition duality.
Archaea in Marine Environments

Newly Recognized Archaeal Diversity Detection of Marine Archaea Marine Archaeal Habitats, Ecology, and Diversity Ecophysiological Attributes of Marine Archaea Archaeal Associations with Marine Organisms Archaeal Genomics and Biotechnological Applications Origins and Evolution of the Marine Archaea Keywords: archaea; archaea, detection of; marine environments; sediments, archaea in
Purification and characterization of a bindable form of mitochondrial bound hexokinase from the highly glycolytic AS-30D rat hepatoma cell line.

Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that a form of bexokinase characteristic of rapidly growing, highly glycolytic tumor cells is bound to an outer mitochondrial membrane receptor complex containing a M r 35,000 pore protein (D. M. Parry and P. L. Pedersen, J. Biol. Chem., 258: 10904–10912, 1983; R. A. Nakashima, et al. , Biochemistry, 25: 1015–1021, 1986). In new studies reported here the specificity of this receptor complex for binding hexokinase is defined, and a purification scheme is described which leads to a homogeneous and bindable form of the tumor hexokinase. In the AS-30D hepatoma, hexokinase activity is elevated more than 100-fold relative to liver tissue. The relative increase in hexokinase activity is 8 times greater than that of any other glycolytic enzyme. Hexokinase is the only glycolytic enzyme of AS-30D cells to exhibit a mitochondrial/cytoplasmic specific activity ratio greater than 1, showing a 3.5-fold elevation in the mitochondrial fraction. Purification of hexokinase is accomplished by preferential solubilization of the mitochondrial bound enzyme with glucose-6-phosphate, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on gel permeation and anion exchange columns. The final fraction has a specific activity of 144 units per mg of protein, with a K m for glucose of 0.13 mm and for ATP of 1.4 mm. The purified tumor enzyme migrates as a single species upon sodium dodecyl sulfate: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 98,000. Significantly, the purified tumor enzyme retains its activity for mitochondrial binding. Additional results derived from chromatographic, polyclonal antibody, and amino acid analysis studies indicate that the predominant rat hepatoma hexokinase species is related most closely to isozymic form(s) of the enzyme commonly referred to as type II, and least related to the liver type IV isozyme (glucokinase).
EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES DAMAGED BY LOW VELOCITY IMPACTS

This work presents the study of Low Velocity Transverse Impact damage of graphite-epoxy T300/5208 composite material. An energy dissipation model was developed to predict the residual strength from fracture mechanics concepts. The specimens, 100 mm diameter clamped plates, were impact damaged by a cantilever-type instrumented 1-inch diameter steel ball. This study was limited to impact velocity 6 m/sec. Rectangular strips, 50 mm x 125 mm, were cut from the impact-damaged specimens so that the impact damage zone was in the center of the strips. These strips were tested to obtain their residual strength. Predictions were compared with the test results.
Tooth and Jaw, Biomechanics of

The teeth and jaw perform the critical function of initiating the digestion by breaking the food into smaller sizes. Mastication is defined as the action of chewing foods. Biomechanical investigations of tooth and jaw are primarly involved with the mastication system. The masticatory system is composed of the dentition, bones, ligaments, muscles, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of biomechanical investigations of the masticatory system is to understand the fundamental relations between anatomy and function and, thus, either provide guidance to clinicians in existing treatment modes or help design new ones. In this article the functional anatomy, biomechanics of mastication, and the biomechanical aspects of prosthodontic treatments are presented. The fundamental definitions of force, stress, strain, and material properties are defined. The relevant material properties for the components of the masticatory system are reported. Biomechanical models and results related to the jaw open–close motions, TMJ loading, deformations of the mandible, and effect of endosseous implants are presented. Keywords: articular disk; bridge; chewing; crown; dental implants; mandible; mastication; maxilla; prosthodontics; temporomandibular joint
The Scientist as School Teacher

Many scientists, driven by the teaching impulse, idealism, or the wish to see science thrive in the United States, take up one or another form of school teaching or participate in programs designed to enhance science teachers' knowledge of science and science teaching skills. Funding is available, from governmental and private sources, to support innovative programs designed to increase the supply of well-trained science teachers. The provision of new funds to support graduate programs in fundamental science that provide a separate track for graduate students who choose a career in teaching, in preference to a career in the laboratory, is a particularly promising development. It is essential that such programs include proper training in pedagogy. Above all, the Nation must recognize the need to provide proper long-term salary support for science teachers in the public schools countrywide, if any of the programs to improve teaching is to succeed.
FIJI Water: Carbon Negative?

Seeking to go beyond global best practices in reducing environmental impacts, FIJI Water, a premium artesian bottled water company in the United States, launched a carbon negative campaign that would offset more greenhouse gas emissions than were released by the company's operations and products. The case examines the controversies surrounding this program as well as the program's impacts on the environment and FIJI Water's brand image. The company also faced decisions regarding how to best manage its relationship with the Fijian government, which recently dramatically raised imposed export taxes and could limit FIJI Water's access to water, its primary raw material. The case enables students to better understand the challenges of implementing an environmental strategy and of negotiating with parties that control raw materials, and it invites discussion of the effectiveness of various approaches and the general lessons for the management of companies seeking to operate in an environmentally responsible manner.Learning Objective: To explore the design and implementation of environmental strategies regarding a company's operations and products. To assess the risks and opportunities of pursuing an environmental strategy that seeks to go beyond global best practices. To explore negotiation approaches with a government that controls access to critical raw materials, and the complications that arise in countries that lack a strong judiciary. To examine the implications of these strategies on a company's ability to effectively manage a global brand and critical local and global stakeholders.
Replication of DNA in mammalian chromosomes. IV. Partial characterization of DNA fragments released from replicating DNA of CHO cells.

Abstract Synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells were blocked at the beginning of the S phase with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and pulse labelled with [3H]TdR. Leakage of cells into S was virtually eliminated at an FUdR concentration of 10 μM. After short pulses a significant proportion of the newly replicated DNA was recovered as double-stranded molecules containing single-stranded regions. The size of these molecules varied directly with the length of the pulse label, suggesting that they were released after a destabilization of the replication structure.
Representation of weather and terrain effects on intrusion detection

Two types of decision aids for incorporating weather and terrain effects in IDS-based security decisions are presented for eight classes of exterior IDSs: passive [thermal] infrared, fence-mounted, microwave radar, taut wire, near-infrared beambreak, ground motion, ported. coaxial cable, and video motion detection. One decision aid is a diagram of weather and terrain influences; it indicates interactions among site conditions and their joint impact on IDS detection capability. The second decision aid is a set of rankings of most- to least-favorable site conditions for IDS reliability in terms of meeting physical security standards of 90% probability of detection at 90% confidence level, with a low nuisance alarm rate.
Is percentage body fat differentially related to body mass index in Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and European Americans?

Background: Limited research has been done to explore differences between ethnic groups, including Hispanic Americans (HAs), in the association between percentage body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ); the numbers of HAs are increasing in the US population. Objective: We investigated whether the relation between PBF and BMI in adult HAs differed from that of African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs). Design: We used a multiple regression model in which PBF measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was predicted by the reciprocal of BMI (1/BMI; in m 2 /kg) in a sample of 487 men (nEA = 192, nAA = 148, and nHA = 147) and 933 women (nEA = 448, nAA = 304, and nHA = 181). Results: For men, our results showed no significant differences between HAs and EAs, AAs and EAs, or HAs and AAs in the slope of the line relating 1/BMI to PBF. In women, there were significant differences in PBF as predicted by BMI between HAs and EAs (P 35, EAs tended to have more body fat than did the other groups. Conclusions: Our results show that the relation between PBF and BMI in HA women differs from that of EA and AA women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:71‐5.
Novel full-integrated active filters using the CMOS differential difference amplifier

The CMOS differential difference amplifier (DDA) is a new versatile CMOS building block that has been recently introduced. It is a four-input device with an output that could be single-ended or differential. Applications of the DDA in the implementation of fully-integrated MOS active filters are presented. Novel simple DDA-based differential integrators with such attractive features as infinite input impedance and minimum component count with no matching requirements are presented and used in the design of higher-order filter structures. >
Bertrand-Nash mill pricing and the locations of two firms with partially overlapping product selections

This paper assumes Bertrand-Nash-mill-price competition between two firms on a unit interval, with each firm selling two out of three products, and transportation costs that are proportional to distance squared. If c consumers per unit length desire each monopoly product, and b per unit length desire the duopoly product, then the equilibrium locations of the two firms are more centralized the higher the ratio c/b, more centralized than the socially optimal locations for c/b above a critical value, and completely centralized for c/b above a different critical value. A number of variations of the model are also presented. Resumen Este articulo asume la competencia Bertrand-Nash para precios en fabrica entre dos empresas con intervalo de una unidad, que cada empresa vende dos de un total de tres productos, y que los costos de transporte son proporcionales al cuadrado de la distancia. Si c consumidores por unidad de longitud desean cada producto de un monopolio, y b por unidad de longitud desean el producto del duopolio, entonces las localizaciones del equilibrio de ambas empresas estaran mas centralizadas cuanto mayor sea la razon c/b, mas centralizadas que las localizaciones socialmente optimas para c/b por encima de un valor critico, y completamente centralizadas para c/b por encima de un valor critico diferente. Se ofrece ademas una serie de variaciones del modelo.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-based geochemical fingerprinting for the rapid analysis and discrimination of minerals: The example of garnet

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique real-time geochemical analysis that is being developed for portable use outside of the laboratory. In this study, statistical signal processing and classification techniques were applied to single-shot, broadband LIBS spectra, comprising measured plasma light intensities between 200 and 960 nm, for a suite of 157 garnets of different composition from 92 locations worldwide. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied to sets of 25 LIBS spectra for each garnet sample and used to classify the garnet samples based on composition and geographic origin. Careful consideration was given to the cross-validation procedure to ensure that the classification algorithm is robust to unseen data. The results indicate that broadband LIBS analysis can be used to discriminate garnets of different composition and has the potential to discern geographic origin.
Does Resolution of Interadult Conflict Ameliorate Children's Anger and Distress Across Covert, Verbal, and Physical Disputes?

Abstract Children's emotional responses to interadult arguments were examined in an effort to explicate the role of resolution of conflict in influencing children's responding across covert (i.e., silent treatment), verbal, and physical forms of disputes and aggression. Sixty 4-to 7-year-olds viewed videotaped segments of arguments between a male and a female and were then interviewed. Across covert, verbal, and physical disputes, children perceived the actors as more angry, and reported experiencing more negative affect and less happy emotions during unresolved versus resolved arguments. Further, resolution ameliorated children's reports of feeling: (a) sad during covert arguments, (b) angry and fearful during verbal conflict, and (c) angry and sad during physical disputes. Results extend findings regarding the ameliorative effects of resolution of verbal conflict on children's distress and anger to the contexts of covert and physical interadult disputes.
Model Based Object Recognition Using LORD LTS-300 Touch Sensor

This paper reports the result of a model driven touch sensor recognition experiment. The touch sensor employed is a large field tactile array. Object features appropriate for touch sensor recognition are extracted from a geometric model of an object, the dual spherical image. Both geometric and dynamic features are used to identify objects and their position and orientation on the touch sensor. Experiments show that geometric features extracted from the model are effective but that dynamic features must be determined empirically. Correct object identification rates even for very similar objects exceed ninety percent, a success rate much higher than we would have expected from only two-dimensional contact patterns. Position and orientation of objects once identified are very reliable. We conclude that large field tactile sensors could prove very useful in the automatic palletizing problem when object models (from a CAD system, for example) can be utilized.
Sequential and concerted gene expression changes in a chronic in vitro model of parkinsonism.

Abstract Many mechanisms of neurodegeneration have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease, but which ones are most important and potential interactions among them are unclear. To provide a broader perspective on the parkinsonian neurodegenerative process, we have performed a global analysis of gene expression changes caused by chronic, low-level exposure of neuroblastoma cells to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor and parkinsonian neurotoxin rotenone. Undifferentiated SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells were grown in the presence of rotenone (5 nM), and RNA was extracted at three different time points (baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks) for labeling and hybridization to Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChips. Our results show that rotenone induces concerted alterations in gene expression that change over time. Particularly, alterations in transcripts related to DNA damage, energy metabolism, and protein metabolism are prominent during chronic complex I inhibition. These data suggest that early augmentation of capacity for energy production in response to mitochondrial inhibition might be deleterious to cellular function and survival. These experiments provide the first transcriptional analysis of a rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease and insight into which mechanisms of neurodegeneration may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Mitral Valve Replacement in the Presence of Severe Valvular and Annular Calcification

Degenerative and rheumatic mitral valve disease are associated with calcification of the annulus, leaflets, and subvalvular mechanism. Surgical treatment is greatly affected by the presence of such calcification, which frequently precludes successful repair, mandating valve replacement. Dense calcification of the posterior leaflet, annulus, and chordae can cause great difficulty in the insertion of a prosthetic device, and is associated with a high frequency of technical complications. We have devised a technique of replacing the mitral valve in the face of such severe calcification, which allows the surgeon to safely insert a single disc mechanical prosthetic valve, avoiding the calcification completely. A large Teflon felt collar precludes the need to place any sutures through the posterior valve leaflet. Successful early experience with five patients, exhibiting both degenerative and rheumatic disease, is described.
2,2'-Bi[benzo[b]thiophene]: an unexpected isolation of the benzo[b]thiophene dimer.

The crystal structure of 2,2′-bi[benzo[b]thio­phene], C16H10S2, at 173 K has triclinic (P\overline{1}) symmetry. It is of inter­est with respect to its apparent mode of synthesis, as it is a by-product of a Stille cross-coupling reaction in which it was not explictly detected by spectroscopic methods. It was upon crystal structure analysis of a specimen isolated from the mother liquor that this reaction was determined to give rise to the title compound, which is a dimer arising from the starting material. Two independent half-mol­ecules of this dimer comprise the asymmetric unit, and the full mol­ecules are generated via inversion centers. Both mol­ecules in the unit cell exhibit ring disorder, and they are essentially identical because of their rigidity and planarity.
Treatment modalities for gynecological cancers

T HE American Cancer Society estimates 73,400 new cases of cancer of the female genital tract in 1986.’ Endometrial cancers comprise about 13% of all malignant tumors in women: uterine cervix, 6%; ovarian tumors, 6%: and other gynecologic malignancies, 2% to 3%.* This paper will discuss the major treatment modalities (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) for gynecologic malignancies involving the endometrium, cervix, ovary/fallopian tube, vulva, and vagina.
Follicular populations during the estrous cycle in heifers. II. Influence of right and left sides and intraovarian effect of the corpus luteum

Ovarian follicles ≥2 mm were studied in 22 Holstein heifers by daily ultrasound examinations. Data were partitioned by right vs. left ovary and corpus luteum bearing ovary vs. the contralateral ovary. There were significantly more (P 13mm and total ≥2 mm in the right ovary, regardless of the presence of a corpus luteum. Significantly more (P 13 mm and total ≥2 mm were observed in the ovary bearing the corpus luteum. Interactions between day and corpus luteum appeared to be due to a greater number of follicles in the ovary bearing the corpus luteum during the first part of the interovulatory interval. There was also a day by right side vs. left side interaction for the number of follicles > 13 mm. Interpretation of the interactions was that the presence of a corpus luteum was conducive to the development of more anovulatory diestrous follicles > 12 mm. However, as regression of the corpus luteum progressed, there was an apparent proclivity for preovulatory follicular development in the right ovary. There was no apparent pattern of alternating sides of ovulation or of alternating sides of development of anovulatory diestrous follicles and preovulatory follicles in heifers observed for more than one interovulatory interval. There was not a significant difference in the maximum diameter attained by the anovulatory diestrous follicle or preovulatory follicle between ovaries ipsilateral or contralateral to the corpus luteum; however, the maximum diameter attained by the preovulatory follicle was greater (P < 0.05) than that attained by the anovulatory diestrous follicle.
Spectra of Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen in the Extreme Ultraviolet.

Spectroscopy of Extreme Ultraviolet.---A method which has been developed of coating films with an emulsion suitable for work in this region is described in detail, and also an oil-cooled discharge tube of the internal capillary type which will stand an input of 2.25 KW and thus reduce the time of exposure and consequent fogging of the films from 10 to 100 fold. Transparency of oxygen, nitrogen and air between 500 and 1,800 \AA{}. was investigated. In a vacuum spectrograph with a grating of 50 cm. radius these gases were found to transmit light of from 1100 to 1225 \AA{}. even when at a pressure of 3 cm. At around 1 mm. spectrum lines were photographed from 800 to 1,800 \AA{}. and with oxygen at 0.001 mm., the spectrum was photographed to 430 \AA{}. These gases, then, are not as opaque to light in this region of the spectrum as has been generally supposed.Spectrum of discharge through hydrogen, 1,220 to 885 \AA{}. The ultraviolet limit is the same for both continuous and disruptive discharges. Four spectrograms are reproduced and the wave-lengths are given for 90 lines below 1,059 \AA{}., presumably due to hydrogen, as a continuous stream of pure gas was supplied. The resonance line was found superimposed in the fourth order on the ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ line; hence its wavelength is 1,215.68 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 \AA{}. This coincidence confirms the Bohr formula for this line, which is the first of the Lyman series.Spectrum of Discharge through Nitrogen, 1,750 to 835 \AA{}.---The continuous discharge gives chiefly the band spectrum of nitrogen, which is extended to 1,026 \AA{}., the wave-lengths of 19 bands below 1,385 \AA{}A. being given. The wave-lengths of 50 new lines obtained with the disruptive discharge are also given and four spectrograms are reproduced.Spectrum of Discharge through Oxygen, 1,863 to 507 \AA{}.---Wave-lengths of about 100 new lines obtained with a disruptive discharge are given and six spectrograms are reproduced. When mercury vapor was present about 15 additional lines extending to 433 \AA{}. were obtained.Explanation of fluorescence observed around aluminum spark in air by Lenard in 1910, to a distance of 4 cm., may depend on the transparency of air to light of wave-length 1,000 to 1,400 \AA{}.
Thermodynamic properties of liquid3He-4He mixtures near the tricritical point. I. Vapor pressure measurements and their thermodynamic analysis

Sensitive vapor pressure (P sat) measurements of 3 He- 4 He mixtures by means of a low-temperature strain gauge are described over the temperature range 0.5–1.5 K and the range 0.4<X<0.85, whereX is the 3 He mole fraction in the liquid phase. The vapor pressure cell is flat, with a height of only 2 mm, in order to reduce concentration gradients near the tricritical point. The pressure-sensitive device, which resolves changes of about 5×10 −8 atm, is described, and its advantages over a conventional manometer system are discussed. Data taken successively on mixtures of small mole fraction difference are used to locate the phase separation boundary in theT-X plane and also the lambda line from a change in (∂P sat/∂T) x at these transitions. The limiting slopes (dT/dX)σ and (dT/dX)λ of the phase separation curve and the lambda line in the vicinity of their junction point, the tricritical point, are presented and compared with previous work. From the vapor pressure data, the concentration susceptibility (∂X/∂Δ) T,P was obtained. Here Δ=μ 3 −μ 4 is the chemical potential difference of the respective isotopic components 3 He and 4 He. It is shown that (∂X/∂Δ) t diverges as the tricritical point is approached along various paths in theT-X plane, and the relevant tricritical exponents are presented. The weak divergence of (∂X/∂Δ) T along the lambda line predicted from the postulates of Griffiths and Wheeler could not be detected and it is believed that such divergence has to occur in a temperature interval that is far too small to be resolved with present-day techniques. Furthermore, gravity effects might well prevent observation of the weak divergence. The lambda transition is well evidenced by a distinct “shoulder” in a plot of (∂X/∂Δ) T at constantX as a function ofT. This “shoulder” becomes smaller and gradually gets topped by a peak asX decreases from the tricritical mole fractionX t . From a combination of vapor pressure and calorimetric data the chemical potential difference [Δ(X, T)-Δ t ] is calculated between 0.78 and 1.22 K. Here Δ t is the value at the tricritical point. From this tabulation the critical line and its slope (dΔ/dT)λ are obtained and compared with previous values based on calorimetric experiments only and with calculations based on the excess chemical potentials μ and μ derived from saturated vapor pressure data.
Sex differences in maternal investment by Macaca mulatta

The possibility that male offspring are more costly to produce than female offspring was investigated in captive Macaca mulatta. Differential maternal investment into 187 infants was evaluated by comparing birth weight, infant growth rate, month of birth, and interbirth interval of males and females. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female infants for any of these variables.
Carboxylates stacked over aromatic rings promote salt bridge formation in water.

Several salt bridges observed in protein X-ray crystallographic structures showed a consistent pattern of a carboxylate, situated near the face of an aromatic ring, forming a bond to an arginine re...
Analysis of Proportions in One- or Two-Way Tables with Spoiled Data

This paper discusses the analysis of data on proportions in contingency tables. The X2 ‘index of dispersion test’ (e.g. Fisher, 1954) is developed in these situations and compared with the use of the ‘logit’ transformation. An example using Osborn's (1979) data is given, illustrating the estimation of one or more missing observations.
The influence of spatial and temporal averaging on interpretation of HRTEM images of solid-liquid interfaces.

Abstract The effects of spatial and temporal averaging on high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images and associated intensity profiles of a solid–liquid Al interface were investigated using atomic coordinates obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that intensity profiles obtained by spatial averaging across the solid–liquid interface capture the variation in structural features nearly as well as time-averaged intensity profiles. This suggests that adequate spatial averaging of a single HRTEM image can be used to study the contrast from interfaces, and thereby, the structural details, without the need for more time-consuming, computer-intensive time averaged analyses. The limitations of this method are also discussed.
Axonal conduction studies based on some considerations of temperature effects in multiple sclerosis

Abstract Electrophysiologic studies were performed on isolated single lobster axons to determine the effect of temperature on conduction at the site of mechanical and thermal lesions. It has been shown that the block of conduction produced by these lesions is remarkably sensitive to small changes in temperature. Conduction can be restored by cooling the nerve, whereas with rewarming the block returns. Less than a 1°C change can determine whether or not conduction will occur. It is suggested that cooling may increase the safety factor of conduction enabling the impulse to jump over an injured area. The observations support a hypothesis that the change in signs and symptoms with a change of body temperature in multiple sclerosis may be caused by an effect of temperature on axonal conduction.
Revival of Herbalism and Its Roots in Medicine

The proper use of phytomedicines in human health care may add a dimension currently lacking in the United States in the treatment of certain diseases and syndromes. Sales of botanicals have been rising for the past few years and are expected to increase 12% to 16% annually for the next few years. As agriculturists, we are developing production techniques using good management practices to grow and process these new crops. However, a fundamental understanding of the genesis of this "new" industry is needed to appreciate the historic use of herbs and significance in society.
Distributively generated gc near-rings

Let N be a finite GC near-ring. Those near-rings N such that N is distributilvely generated and (N,+) is solvable are shown to be a direct sum of fields and d.g. ” basic near-rings of size 2“. These basic near-rings of size 2 are characterized. A method for constructing d.g. GC near-rings is presented. This work gives rise to a class of d.g. GC near-rings which are not centralizer near-rings.
Toxicity of dipivalyl epinephrine

Fourteen patients with open-angle glaucoma applied one drop 0.1% dipivalyl epinephrine topically twice daily for three years. Four of the 14 patients developed severe blepharoconjunctivitis after 17 to 26 months of exposure to this epinephrine prodrug. Two of the four patients with dipivalyl epinephrine intolerance had a history of epinephrine intolerance. Three other patients had asymptomatic conjunctival hyperemia after 30 months of dipivalyl epinephrine exposure. No patients had conjunctival pigment deposits or cardiovascular side effects. The exfoliative cytology of two patients was characterized by karyomegaly of the conjunctival epithelial cells.
Prosodic Facilitation and Interference in the Resolution of Temporary Syntactic Closure Ambiguity

Abstract Subjects listened to sentences with early closure (e.g., When Roger leaves the house is dark ) or late closure syntax (e.g., When Roger leaves the house it's dark ) and one of three prosodies: cooperating (coinciding prosodic and syntactic boundary), baseline (phonetically neutralized prosodic boundary), and conflicting (prosodic boundary at a misleading syntactic location). Prosodic manipulations were verified by phonetic measurements and listener judgments. Four experiments demonstrated facilitation in speeded phonosyntactic grammaticality judgment, end-of-sentence comprehension, and cross-modal naming tasks: Sentences with cooperating prosody were processed more quickly than those with baseline prosody. Three experiments showed interference: Sentences with conflicting prosody were processed more slowly than those with baseline prosody. All experiments demonstrated a processing advantage for late closure structures in the conflicting and baseline conditions, but no differences between syntactic types in the cooperating condition. Cross-modal naming results showed early syntactic effects due to both high-level and intermediate-level prosodic boundaries. We argue that the initial syntactic structure assigned to an utterance can be determined by its prosodic phonological representation.
Performance Evaluation of a Clinical PACS Module

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are now clinically available in limited radiologic applications. The benefits, acceptability, and reliablity of these systems have thus far been mainly speculative and anecdotal. This paper discusses the evaluation of a PACS module implemented in the pediatric radiology section of a 700-bed teaching hospital. The PACS manages all pediatric inpatient images including conventional x-rays and contrast studies (obtained with a computed radiography system), magnetic resonance images, and relevant ultrasound images. A six-monitor workstation is available for image review.
Theory of Bremsstrahlung and Pair Production. I. Differential Cross Section

The differential cross sections for bremsstrahlung and pair production are calculated without the use of the Born approximation, assuming the energy of the electron to be large compared to $m{c}^{2}$ both in initial and final state. The wave functions in initial and final state are essentially those previously proposed by Furry (Sec. II). It is proved in Sec. III that our wave functions agree with the exact ones of Darwin except for terms of relative order $\frac{{a}^{2}}{{l}^{2}}$, where $a=\frac{Z{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}c}$ and $l$ the angular momentum, and that this agreement holds for any energy of the electron. An independent proof is given in Sec. IX, showing that the Furry wave functions give the matrix element correctly except for terms of relative order $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$.In the matrix element for bremsstrahlung, the initial state of the electron must be represented by a plane wave plus an outgoing spherical wave, whereas the final state has an ingoing spherical wave (Sec. IV). In pair production, both electrons contain ingoing spherical waves (Sec. V). This causes essential differences between the cross sections for the two processes.The cross section for pair production is calculated in Sec. VI; the result consists of the Bethe-Heitler formula multiplied by a relatively simple factor, plus another term of similar structure. A simplified derivation is given, which is valid for the important case of small angles between electrons and quantum (Sec. VII); it provides a useful check of the cross section of Sec. VI. In Sec. VIII, the bremsstrahlung cross section is calculated and found to be the Bethe-Heitler result multiplied by a factor. This factor is different from that encountered in pair production and becomes important only for very small momentum transfer $q$. In the limit of complete screening, these small $q$ do not contribute and the cross section goes over into that of the Born approximation.The error in the cross sections calculated in this paper is estimated (Sec. X) to be of order $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is the energy of the final electron in bremsstrahlung, or that of the less energetic electron in pair production, in units of $m{c}^{2}$. The total cross section for pair production by a quantum of energy $k$ may be in error by $\frac{logk}{k}$.
Formation of dolomite in the Coorong region, South Australia

Abstract Cores of unlithified Holocene sediment from shallow ephemeral lakes in the Coorong region S.A., contain dolomite at various stratigraphic intervals. Two distinct dolomite types are recognized using stable carbon and oxygen isotope data, unit cell calculations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and bulk composition data. Detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that the dolomite is ordered, but that ordering is variable. Average unit cell parameters indicate that the crystal lattice of one type of dolomite (type A) is expanded in the co direction (c o = 16.08 A ) and contracted in the ao direction (a o = 4.799 A ) relative to ideal dolomite (c 0 = 16.02 A and a o = 4.812 A , respectively). Type A dolomite occurs in the centers of the larger basins. The mole fraction of MgCO3 is as much as 53 ± 1%. The unusual crystal chemistry and (TEM) data indicating a heterogeneous microstructure suggest that this dolomite is generated by rapid precipitation from brines which have highly elevated Mg Ca ratios. Dolomite ordering reflections are present in electron diffraction patterns but are weak. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values are tightly grouped (ave. δ 18 O = +7.6‰, s.d. = 0.6‰; δ 13 C = +3.5‰, s.d. = 0.7‰) . The other type of dolomite (type B) is Ca-rich, has lower stable isotope values (ave. δ 18 O ≈ +6.4‰, δ 13 C ≈ −1.2‰) than type A dolomite, has a more homogeneous microstructure, is expanded in both the ao and co axes, and is generally better ordered than type A dolomite. These data suggest type B dolomite is precipitated more slowly from less evaporitic brines than type A dolomite.
Preparation of compressed tablet granulations by the air-suspension technique. II.

A new and rapid method for preparing compressed tablet granulations by the air-suspension technique is discussed. Experimental data dealing with material losses and variations in the drug and water content of the prepared granulations are presented.
Fuzzy Judgments and Fuzzy Sets

Using fuzzy set theory has become attractive to many people. However, the many references cited here and in other works, little thought is given to why numbers should be made fuzzy before plunging into the necessary simulations to crank out numbers without giving reason or proof that it works to oneâ€™s advantage. In fact it does not often do that, certainly not in decision making. Regrettably, many published papers that use fuzzy set theory presumably to get better answers were not judged thoroughly by reviewers knowledgeable in both fuzzy theory and decision making. Buede and Maxwell (1995), who had done experiments on different ways of making decisions, found that fuzzy does the poorest job of obtaining the right decision as compared with other ways. â€œThese experiments demonstrated that the MAVT (Multiattribute Value Theory) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) techniques, when provided with the same decision outcome data, very often identify the same alternatives as â€˜bestâ€™. The other techniques are noticeably less consistent with the Fuzzy algorithm being the least consistent.â€