cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religious Devotion and the Poetics of Reform: Love and Liberation in Malayalam Poetry

The poetry emanating from the bhakti tradition of devotional love in India has been both a religious expression and a form of resistance to hierarchies of caste, gender, and colonialism. Some scholars have read this art form through the lens of resistance and reform, but others have responded that imposing an interpretive framework on these poems fails to appreciate their authentic expressions of devotion. This book argues that these declarations of love and piety can simultaneously represent efforts towards emancipation at the spiritual, political, and social level. This book, through a close study of Naḷini (1911), a Malayalam lyric poem, as well as other poems, authored by Mahākavi Kumāran Āśān (1873–1924), a low-caste Kerala poet, demonstrates how Āśān employed a theme of love among humans during the modern period in Kerala that was grounded in the native South Indian bhakti understanding of love of the deity. Āśān believed that personal religious freedom comes from devotion to the deity, and that love for humans must emanate from love of the deity. In showing how devotional religious expression also served as a resistance movement, this study provides new perspective on an understudied area of the colonial period. Bringing to light an under-explored medium, in both religious and artistic terms, this book will be of great interest to scholars of religious studies, Hindu studies, and religion and literature, as well as academics with an interest in Indian culture.
SiamVGG: Visual Tracking using Deeper Siamese Networks.

Recently, we have seen a rapid development of Deep Neural Network (DNN) based visual tracking solutions. Some trackers combine the DNN-based solutions with Discriminative Correlation Filters (DCF) to extract semantic features and successfully deliver the state-of-the-art tracking accuracy. However, these solutions are highly compute-intensive, which require long processing time, resulting unsecured real-time performance. To deliver both high accuracy and reliable real-time performance, we propose a novel tracker called SiamVGG. It combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) backbone and a cross-correlation operator, and takes advantage of the features from exemplary images for more accurate object tracking. The architecture of SiamVGG is customized from VGG-16, with the parameters shared by both exemplary images and desired input video frames. We demonstrate the proposed SiamVGG on OTB-2013/50/100 and VOT 2015/2016/2017 datasets with the state-of-the-art accuracy while maintaining a decent real-time performance of 50 FPS running on a GTX 1080Ti. Our design can achieve 2% higher Expected Average Overlap (EAO) compared to the ECO and C-COT in VOT2017 Challenge.
What Americans Build and Why: Psychological Perspectives

1. The landscape of housing: suburbia, new urbanism, and McMansions 2. The landscape of health care: high tech and humanistic 3. The landscape of schools: big schools, small schools 4. The landscape of work: visible or virtual? 5. The landscape of retail: big box and main street Closing comments.
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Doppler Notching Predicts Survival in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the setting of left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common cause of PH in the general population, with a prevalence of up to 80% and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated the utility of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Doppler notching as a composite marker of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in patients with PH-associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Our study examines the ability of RVOT Doppler notching to predict survival in patients with PH-HFpEF. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients referred to the Penn PH program between January 2007 and March 2013 diagnosed with PH-HFpEF. Patients were included who had right heart catheterization with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25mmHg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure > 15 mmHg. All patients underwent echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessment as indicated clinically. Statistical analysis included student's t-test and chi-squared to assess continuous and categorical variables, respectively, along with use of Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier estimator to evaluate survival. Results Of 86 patients, 53 had notching and 33 did not. Baseline characteristics were similar across both groups. Patients with notching had higher diastolic pulmonary gradient (8.2±6.4 vs 1.4±4.3, p Conclusions In PH-HFpEF, RVOT Doppler notching is a composite marker of PVD and is a strong predictor of long-term survival. Further work is needed to validate this marker in larger cohorts.
The femoral posterior fan-like extension of the ACL insertion increases the failure load.

To examine the role of the posterior fan-like extension of the ACL’s femoral footprint on the ACL failure load. Sixteen (n = 16) fresh frozen, mature porcine knees were used in this study and randomized into two groups (n = 8): intact femoral ACL insertion (ACL intact group) and cut posterior fan-like extension of the ACL (ACL cut group). In the ACL cut group, flexing the knees to 90°, created a folded border between the posterior fan-like extension and the midsubstance insertion of the femoral ACL footprint and the posterior fan-like extension was dissected and both areas were measured. Specimens were placed in a testing machine at 30° of flexion and subjected to anterior tibial loading (60 mm/min) until ACL failure. The intact ACL group had a femoral insertion area of 182.1 ± 17.1 mm2. In the ACL cut group, the midsubstance insertion area was 113.3 ± 16.6 mm2, and the cut posterior fan-like extension portion area was 67.1 ± 8.3 mm2. The failure load of the ACL intact group was 3599 ± 457 N and was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the failure load of the ACL cut group 392 ± 83 N. Transection of the posterior fan-like extension of the ACL femoral footprint has a significant effect on the failure load of the ligament during anterior loading at full extension. Regarding clinical relevance, this study suggests the importance of the posterior fan-like extension of the ACL footprint which potentially may be retained with remnant preservation during ACL reconstruction. Femoral insertion remnant preservation may allow incorporation of the fan-like structure into the graft increasing graft strength.
The Use of Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) in Endodontics

Cone beam computed tomography scans have been gaining popularity as a diagnostic aid. The purpose of this review is to understand the benefits and the limitations of this technology and its application in day to day clinical assessment. Familiarity with some basic principles of the technical aspect will aid the practitioner in controlling quality of the scan and the amount of radiation the patient is subjected to. Significant findings of this review are that the exposure to ionizing radiation is the main limiting factor in taking CBCT scans. The information obtained can be invaluable in treatment planning by providing a three-dimensional view of teeth and neighboring structures. The sensitivity of a scan to identify low radiodensity areas is significantly higher than two-dimensional X-rays; however, the histological nature of the affected bone is still being investigated. In summary, while the clinician should weigh the risk and benefit before obtaining a scan, the industry should evaluate technology to reduce the exposure to radiation per scan further.
Review: Novel Sounds: Southern Fiction in the Age of Rock and Roll by Florence Dore

Florence Dore. Novel Sounds: Southern Fiction in the Age of Rock and Roll . New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. 200 pp. What is a rock novel? The simplest way to go about answering this question is to turn to novels that feature rock musicians as protagonists (like Don DeLillo's Great Jones
Growth and structural studies of In/Au(111) alloys and InOx/Au(111) inverse oxide/metal model catalysts

Indium oxide has received attention as an exciting candidate for catalyzing the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol due to its high selectivity (>80%). Compared to the extent of research on the activity of indium oxide-based powder catalysts, very little is known about the phenomena associated with the formation of surface alloys involving indium or the growth mechanism for indium oxide nanoparticles. In this report, scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to elucidate the growth mode, structure, and chemical state of In/Au(111) alloys and InOx/Au(111) inverse model catalysts. Our study reveals distinct morphological differences between In/Au(111) and InOx/Au(111), and the InOx structure also depends strongly on the preparation conditions. In/Au surface alloy systems with extremely low coverage (0.02 ML) form islands preferentially on the elbow sites of reconstructed Au(111) herringbone, regardless of hexagonally closed packed and face centered cubic stacking. At higher coverage (0.1 ML), the In islands expand over the herringbone in the ⟨110⟩ direction and create two dimensional domain structures over the entire surfaces. Moreover, this 2D domain structure is disturbed by temperature with high dispersion of indium atoms observed during the annealing process. Oxidation of the In/Au(111) surface alloys with O2 at 550 K produces InOx/Au(111) systems which contain various sizes of InOx aggregates (from 0.7 nm to 10 nm). On the other hand, InOx/Au(111) surfaces prepared by vapor deposition of In at 550 K in an O2 background exhibit highly dispersed and uniformly small InOx particles (∼1 nm). Both InOx systems were confirmed to be partially oxidized by XPS.
FDA review summary of patient-reported outcome results for ibrutinib in the treatment of chronic graft versus host disease.

On August 2, 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved ibrutinib (IMBRUVICA) for the treatment of patients with chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) after the failure of one or more lines of systemic therapy. The approval was based on results from a single-arm, multicenter trial that enrolled patients with refractory cGVHD. This paper describes the FDA review of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data from Study PCYC-1129-CA and the decision to incorporate descriptive PRO data in the FDA label to support the primary clinician-reported outcome results. In this trial, the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale (LSS) was used to capture patient-reported symptom bother. The 42 patients who received treatment were included in the analysis and completed the PRO tool. Post hoc descriptive analyses were conducted to further understand the measurement properties of the LSS. The analysis submitted to FDA reported that 18 patients had a ≥ 7-point improvement on the LSS overall summary score at any point during the assessment period. For 10 patients, the ≥ 7-point improvement was sustained for ≥ 2 consecutive PRO assessments. An assessment of the responder threshold suggested the threshold submitted to the FDA was reasonable and in line with clinical findings. Overall, study PCYC-1129-CA demonstrated favorable clinician-reported cGVHD efficacy results that were complemented by results from PRO data, supporting the FDA’s positive benefit-risk assessment leading to regular approval. Limitations included the single-arm trial design, responder definition, and instrument shortcomings. These limitations were thoroughly explored through additional FDA post hoc analyses.
Conformational Analysis of Nonplanar Archipelago Structures on a Cu (111) Surface by Molecular Imaging

We investigated some specially designed model compounds as proxies for archipelago structures in asphaltenes and heavy oils using noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). Various adsorption con...
A single mutation (V64G) within the ring domain of Z attenuates junin virus

Junin virus (JUNV) is a New World arenavirus that is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Candid#1 (Can) is a live-attenuated vaccine strain of JUNV that since its introduction has resulted in a marked decrease in AHF incidence within the endemic regions of the Pampas in Argentina. Originally, the viral determinants and mechanisms of Can attenuation were not well understood. Recent work has identified the glycoprotein as the major attenuating factor for Can. The establishment of attenuating strategies based on any of the other viral proteins, however, has not been pursued. Here, we document the role of Can Z resulting in incompatibilities with wild type JUNV that results in decreased growth in vitro. In addition, this incompatibility results in attenuation of the virus in the guinea pig model. Further, we identify a single mutation (V64G) in the Z protein that is able to confer this demonstrated attenuation. By establishing and characterizing a novel attenuation strategy for New World mammarenaviruses, we hope to aid future vaccine development for related emerging pathogens including Machupo virus (MACV), Guanarito virus (GTOV), and Sabia virus (SABV).
Sepsis, Liver Failure

The assessment of brain dysfunction associated to systemic diseases is a fundamental part of the bedside assessment of critically ill patients. In severe sepsis and acute liver failure the use of transcranial Doppler allows analysis of the blood velocities in correlation with appearance of clinical signs of brain dysfunction. Impairment of cerebral autoregulation, increase of cerebral microvascular resistance, reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure, and increase in intracranial pressure are all hallmarks of a complex phenomenon that can be studied and predicted by Doppler insonation of the middle cerebral artery through a transtemporal window at the bedside of critical patients in the intensive care unit.
Seeking Legitimacy: Why Arab Autocracies Adopt Women’s Rights: by Aili Mari Tripp, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 334 pp., £22.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-108-44284-8

Why do Arab autocracies adopt women's rights? This is the driving question behind Aili Mari Tripp's latest book. The text explores why the Arab autocracies of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia – which ...
Pakistan's First Integrated Circuit-Based Superheterodyne Receiver Design Competition

Radio frequency (RF) and microwave is a very specialized research area that deals with the design and development of devices operating in the RF spectrum. The development cycle of microwave devices requires dedicated software packages and sophisticated equipment, which are typically very costly, especially for developing countries where only a very few universities have the facilities to pursue RF and microwave activities.
Spatial Ecologies: Urban Sites, State and World-Space in French Cultural Theory

Introduction: Space as a Critical Concept 1. Henri Lefebvre: Lived Spaces 2. Michael de Certeau: Anthropological Spaces 3. Jean Baudrillard: Media Places 4. Marc Auge: Non-Places 5. Paul Virilio: Speed Spaces 6. Deleuze and Guattari: Space and Becoming 7. Bruno Latour: Common Spaces 8. Etienne Balibar: Spatial Fictions Conclusion: Future Spaces Bibliography Index
Haplotype-environment interactions regulating the human GSTP1 promoter

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 693 Background: GSTP1-1 is a phase II enzyme playing an important role in the detoxification of oxidized carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), as well as other compounds. Animal data suggest that the anticarcinogenesis effects of several candidate chemopreventive agents may operate through GSTP1 induction. Previous human studies suggest that there are wide inter-individual differences of GSTP1 expression that may be relevant to the development or biology of cancer. We explored the interaction of inter-individual sequence variation in the GSTP1 promoter and the effect of candidate phytochemicals in regulating GSTP1 expression. Methods: Individual SNPs and resulting haplotypes along 2 kb of the GSTP1 promoter were explored in PBMCs from 40 patients from a lung cancer case-control study. Ten previously-unreported polymorphisms found in the promoter with strong linkage disequilibrium were statistically evaluated, resulting in a frequency distribution of haplotypes. The three most frequently-observed haplotypes [HAP1 (43%), HAP2 (36%) and HAP3 (8%)] were then replicated using a site-directed mutagenesis strategy, placed into a luciferase reporter construct, transfected into normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and then treated with different concentrations of a panel of six plant-derived putative antioxidant compounds, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and the oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Results: HAP3 had a significantly higher (1.8-fold) basal activity. This reporter was sensitive to increasing concentrations of sulforaphane, BITC and EGCG (but not the other phytochemical compounds); HAP3 promoter activity was decreased to the same levels as HAP2 and HAP1. To confirm this HAP 3 functionality, the native promoter regulating native mRNA transcript levels was examined in PBMCs and lung epithelial cells. Quantitative RNA-specific real-time RT-PCR experiments revealed that HAP3 is again associated with higher basal mRNA expression levels in unexposed cells, compared with the other two haplotypes [18-fold for homozygote (HAP3-HAP3), and 2-fold for heterozygotes (HAP3-HAP1, HAP3-HAP2)]. After exposure to sulforaphane, BITC or EGCG, HAP3-containing PBMCs return to basal GSTP1 mRNA expression levels. The same phenomenon was shown at the protein level for PBMCs [10-fold for homozygote (HAP3-HAP3), and 7-fold for heterozygotes (HAP3-HAP1, HAP3-HAP2) when unexposed cells] Perspectives: Further investigations on haplotype-specific responses to various combinations of CSE, hydrogen peroxide, and candidate antioxidant chemopreventive agents are underway to evaluate the actual impact on DNA damage. This study suggests the existence of vulnerable and protective promoter haplotypes for this anticarcinogenesis gene, and haplotype-specific interaction with individual chemopreventive agents.
Optical Imaging of Breast Tumor by Means of Continuous Waves

Early detection of breast cancer is one of the keys to decrease the mortality of this epidemic disease. Since the time that the NIH recommended X-ray mammography for an annual screening for women over 50 years of age (1), the mortality has indeed dramatically reduced (2). However, there are some concerns about the use of X-ray mammography; we consider the X-ray to be an unsatisfactory technique for this screening purpose. X-ray mammography is insensitive to one-fourth of cancer cases and itself is carcinogenic. It does not penetrate dense breasts, and is generally not applied to women under 40 years of age.
Sizing Up the Shape of Life

Biologists have long sought to explain the sizes and shapes of all living forms according to simple scaling laws. In their Perspective, Zens and Webb discuss new work on plants (Enquist and Niklas) that seeks to define the relationship between the sizes of roots, stem, and leaves, according to fundamental physical principles.
Analogue Representations of Spatial Objects and Transformations

Questions concerning the nature of the internal representation or coded form of visual/spatial information have been prominent in the growing field of cognitive science. In particular, considerable discussion and debate have centered around the issues of the extent and the nature of structural and/or functional correspondences between internal representations and their external visual counterparts. In this paper, evidence both for and against analogue representations of spatial objects and transformations will be presented and evaluated. Following SHEPARD, COOPER, and their co-workers [e.g., 1–4], a distinction between “analogue” representations and processes and “nonanalogue” representations and processes will be drawn in the following way: An analogue representation or process is one in which the relational structure of external events is preserved in the corresponding internal representations. A nonanalogue representation or process is one for which this is not the case. Note that this distinction incorporates a relatively weak criterion for the demonstration of the existence of an analogue process or representation. Strict continuity of an internal process is not required, nor is a “first-order” isomorphism between the structure of an internal representation and the structure of an external object or event. Furthermore, no stand has been taken on the question of the neural mechanisms that might underlie analogue representations and processes.
One-to-One Computing, One-to-One Learning Predictors for Implementation of Differentiated Instruction

The purpose of this study was to examine variables that predict teachers’ implementation of differentiated instruction in a one-to-one high school computing environment. Predictors were: collaborative learning, project-based learning implementation, knowledge regarding the use of technology and years of experience and the interrelationship among those variables The participants were 170 teachers in a one-to-one computing environment who responded to an on-line survey sent via an email link from the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) and the One-to-One Institute. A path analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of each variable in predicting differentiated instruction implementation. There were strong relationships found to exist between variables collaborative learning, project-based learning implementation, knowledge regarding the use of technology and years of experience in the one-to-one computing environment. Project-based learning was the highest predictor of differentiated instruction implementation. The four variables included in the model predict 84% of teachers’ implementation of differentiated instruction. The findings suggest that pedagogical best practices such as collaborative learning and project based learning coupled with a technology rich environment will result in a teacher’s implementation of differentiated instruction. DOI: 10.2458/azu_itet_v1i2_murthy
Investigating decadal changes in sea surface salinity in oceanic subtropical gyres

Sea surface salinity trends over the past six decades were analyzed, as salinity can be a potential diagnostic of the acceleration pattern of the global water cycle. Global salinity data from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation reanalysis highlight surface ocean salinity trends in evaporative-dominated subtropical gyre systems over the period of 1950–2010. Global salinity observations from NASA's Aquarius and European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity missions were used with relation to more recent trends and future implications on global water cycle studies. Results indicated an average salinity increase of 0.12 practical salinity unit (psu) in the subtropical gyres over the 61 year study, with the greatest increase occurring in the southern hemisphere gyres. Lateral gyre drift was also inferred through salinity, as three of five gyres showed significant drift over 60 years within their respective basins. There is evidence of periodicity related to these migrations on multidecadal time scales. A comparison of satellite, in situ, and model simulations was conducted in an effort to resolve the near-surface salinity stratification as it pertains specifically to the subtropical gyre regions and also to show the growing relevance of satellite data in global water cycle studies.
Applications of artificial intelligence in factory management

Aspects of introducing AI-based technology to the manufacturing and administrative tasks encountered on the factory floor are discussed. In particular, it is indicated that the AI program has to be linked to the factory management or control system that contains the relevant shop floor data; this is usually not a trivial task. When AI technology is introduced to a factory floor, it is perceived as new, even in a factory environment where the introduction of new processing equipment or procedures is routine. Nonroutine newness on a factory floor is received with skepticism. For illustrative purposes, scheduling is used as the main application example. Attention is given to three issues: (1) integrating the AI program with the conventional technology needed for scheduling a factory; (2) support and training for AI applications, software, and hardware in a production environment; and (3) getting over the hurdle of introducing change in a production environment and making AI acceptable to factory managers. >
Understanding smoking after acute illness: An application of the sentinel event method.

The sentinel event theory provides a stepwise approach for building models to understand how negative events can spark health behaviour change. This study tested a preliminary model using the sentinel events method in a sample (N = 300) of smokers who sought care for acute cardiac symptoms. Patients completed measures on: smoking-related causal attribution, perceived severity of the acute illness event, illness-related fear and intentions to quit smoking. Patients were followed up one week after the health event and a seven-day timeline follow back was completed to determine abstinence from tobacco. Structural equation models were performed using average predictor scale scores at baseline, as well as three different time anchors for ratings of illness severity and illness-related fear. Quit intentions, actual illness severity and age were the consistent, positive and independent predictors of seven-day point prevalence abstinence. Additional research on the influences of perceptions and emotional reaction...
Photochemical reaction of onium salts with N,N-dimethylaniline: Evidence for photoinduced electron transfer

Abstract Direct photolysis of diphenyliodonium salts gives significantly more iodobiphenyls than in the in the presence of dimethylaniline. An electron transfer reaction from the singlet excited state of dimethylaniline is proposed
Constraints on Asian and European sources of methane from CH4‐C2H6‐CO correlations in Asian outflow

[1] Aircraft observations of Asian outflow from the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission over the NW Pacific (March and April 2001) show large CH4 enhancements relative to background, as well as strong CH4-C2H6-CO correlations that provide signatures of regional sources. We apply a global chemical transport model simulation of the CH4-C2H6-CO system for the TRACE-P period to interpret these observations in terms of CH4 sources and to explore in particular the unique constraints from the CH4-C2H6-CO correlations. We use as a priori a global CH4 source inventory constrained with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) surface observations [Wang et al., 2004]. We find that the observed CH4 concentration enhancements and CH4-C2H6-CO correlations in Asian outflow in TRACE-P are determined mainly by anthropogenic emissions from China and Eurasia (defined here as Europe and eastern Russia), with only little contribution from tropical sources (wetlands and biomass burning). The a priori inventory overestimates the observed CH4 enhancements and shows regionally variable biases for the CH4/C2H6 slope. The CH4/CO slopes are simulated without significant bias. Matching both the observed CH4 enhancements and the CH4-C2H6-CO slopes in Asian outflow requires increasing the east Asian anthropogenic source of CH4, and decreasing the Eurasian anthropogenic source, by at least 30% for both. The need to increase the east Asian source is driven by the underestimate of the CH4/C2H6 slope in boundary layer Chinese outflow. The Streets et al. [2003] anthropogenic emission inventory for east Asia fits this constraint by increasing CH4 emissions from that region by 40% relative to the a priori, largely because of higher livestock and landfill source estimates. Eurasian sources (mostly European) then need to be reduced by 30–50% from the a priori value of 68 Tg yr−1. The decrease of European sources could result in part from recent mitigation of emissions from coal mining and landfills.
Large margin cost-sensitive learning of conditional random fields

We tackle the structured output classification problem using the Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). Unlike the standard 0/1 loss case, we consider a cost-sensitive learning setting where we are given a non-0/1 misclassification cost matrix at the individual output level. Although the task of cost-sensitive classification has many interesting practical applications that retain domain-specific scales in the output space (e.g., hierarchical or ordinal scale), most CRF learning algorithms are unable to effectively deal with the cost-sensitive scenarios as they merely assume a nominal scale (hence 0/1 loss) in the output space. In this paper, we incorporate the cost-sensitive loss into the large margin learning framework. By large margin learning, the proposed algorithm inherits most benefits from the SVM-like margin-based classifiers, such as the provable generalization error bounds. Moreover, the soft-max approximation employed in our approach yields a convex optimization similar to the standard CRF learning with only slight modification in the potential functions. We also provide the theoretical cost-sensitive generalization error bound. We demonstrate the improved prediction performance of the proposed method over the existing approaches in a diverse set of sequence/image structured prediction problems that often arise in pattern recognition and computer vision domains.
An overview of the probability-based methods for optimal electrical distribution system reconfiguration

Optimal reconfiguration of electrical distribution systems is a research topic requiring solution methods able to handle irregular topologies and representations with discrete variables. The combinatorial optimisation problems are formulated as global optimisations handled with deterministic or probability-based methods. This paper presents an overview of the probability-based methods, recalling their underlying principles and focusing on some specific aspects such as the information coding, the treatment of the constraints (in particular to maintain the network radial during the solution process) and the stop criterion. The overview covers the solution of single-objective and multi-objective optimisation problems.
In defense of Ertel's potential vorticity and its general applicability as a meteorological tracer

A potential vorticity theorem and its two summary statements published by Haynes and McIntyre are challenged conceptually by equations, discussions and examples. The apparent simplification proposed by the authors to convert from a mass to volume integral, i.e., by cancelling density against the specific volume in the potential vorticity, changes the physical significance of the integrand. It no longer is the potential vorticity. The resulting mean for either a bulk Eulerian or Lagrangian system is then not analogous to a mixing ratio and therefore not independent of the broad spectrum of internal waves, the independence that makes Ertel's potential vorticity so valuable either as a stratospheric tracer or as a predictive or diagnostic, large scale, meteorological variable.
Foreword for the Special Section on ESD Modeling, Characterization, and Design

As the complexity of ESD design keeps increasing with the availability of new technologies and the demand for new applications, so do the challenges associated with robust ESD design. These challenges manifest themselves in a multitude of perspectives, including ESDmodeling, characterization, and design. To address each of the aforementioned issues, we have selected three invited papers that are extensions of original works presented at the 2012 EOS/ESD Symposium. The three papers are briefly summarized.
A case-control study of anatomic changes resulting from sexual abuse.

Abstract Objective: Our goal was to identify vulvar and hymenal characteristics associated with sexual abuse among female children between the ages of 3 and 8 years. Study Design: Using a case-control study design, we examined and photographed the external genitalia of 192 prepubertal children with a history of penetration and 200 children who denied prior abuse. Bivariate analyses were conducted by χ 2 , the Fisher exact test, and the Student t test to assess differences in vulvar and hymenal features between groups. Results: Vaginal discharge was observed more frequently in abused children ( P = .01). No difference was noted in the percentage of abused versus nonabused children with labial agglutination, increased vascularity, linea vestibularis, friability, a perineal depression, or a hymenal bump, tag, longitudinal intravaginal ridge, external ridge, band, or superficial notch. Furthermore, the mean number of each of these features per child did not differ between groups. A hymenal transection, perforation, or deep notch was observed in 4 children, all of whom were abused. Conclusion: The genital examination of the abused child rarely differs from that of the nonabused child. Thus legal experts should focus on the child's history as the primary evidence of abuse. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:820-34.)
Predictors of noncompliance with warfarin therapy in an outpatient anticoagulation clinic.

Study Objective. To test variables associated with the Health Belief Model, the Patient Satisfaction Model, and patient demographics in predicting compliance with warfarin therapy. Design. Descriptive study using chart and pharmacy database review as well as patient questionnaires. Setting. Outpatient anticoagulation clinic in an academic medical center. Patients. Seventy-five patients who had received warfarin therapy over the previous 6 months. Measurements and Main Results. Clinicians interviewed patients using a subscale of the Beliefs About Anticoagulation Survey and a Patient Satisfaction Model. Perceived barriers to compliance with warfarin therapy and marital status explained 21.7% of the variance in calculations of refill adherence (p<0.001). Compliance with warfarin therapy was assessed using a validated compliance self-report survey and outpatient pharmacy dispensing data. Perceived barriers and current living conditions explained 33.2% of the variance in self-reported noncompliance (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis, conducted to attempt to predict patients with an 80% refill adherence threshold, correctly classified compliance 85.3% of the time. Conclusion. This investigation provided some insight into the factors predictive of noncompliance in a low-income, outpatient population. Perceived barriers, marital status, living arrangements, and drug regimen played significant roles in warfarin noncompliance. Our results provide more evidence supporting the use of refill adherence and patient self-report as measures of noncompliance. This linkage helps validate compliance as a useful surrogate of patient health outcomes. This study also offers a model that can help clinicians identify patients at significant risk of noncompliant behavior.
Dual Regulation of SIRPα Phosphorylation by Integrins and CD47

Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha, SHPS-1) is a plasma membrane receptor for CD47 and a key regulator of phagocytosis, growth factor signaling, and migration. Phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in its cytoplasmic tail is essential for the functional effects of SIRPalpha, at least in part, because the phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs recruit Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases. Ligation by CD47 and integrin engagement both have been thought to regulate SIRPalpha phosphorylation. However, their distinct contributions have not been distinguished. Here, we show that the importance of CD47 varies with cell type, since ligation of CD47 is not necessary for SIRPalpha phosphorylation in myeloid cells, whereas it is required in endothelial cells. In contrast, integrin-mediated adhesion is required for SIRPalpha phosphorylation in both cell types. This shows that SIRPalpha phosphorylation is dually regulated and demonstrates a new mechanism for functional cooperation between integrins and the integrin-associated protein CD47.
An orbifold theory of genus zero associated to the sporadic groupM24

Let\(V_{\Gamma _l } \) be the self-dual (or holomorphic) bosonic conformal field theory associated with the spin lattice Γl of rankl divisible by 24. In earlier work of the authors we showed how it is possible to establish the existence and uniqueness of irreducibleg-twisted sectors for\(V_{\Gamma _l } \), for certain automorphismsg of\(V_{\Gamma _l } \), and to establish the modular invariance of the space of partition functionsZ(g, h, τ) corresponding to commuting pairsg, h of elements in certain groupsG of automorphisms of\(V_{\Gamma _l } \). In the present work we show that if we takel=24 andG the sporadic simple groupM24, then the corresponding orbifold has thegenus zero property. That is, eachZ(g, h, τ) is either identically zero or ahauptmodul, i.e., it generates the field of functions on the subgroup ofSL2(ℝ) which fixesZ(g, h, τ), which then necessarily has genus zero.
Parental Divorce Among Young and Adult Children: A Long-Term Quantitative Analysis of Mental Health and Family Solidarity

This analysis uses a middle-aged sample (age 35–84, N = 2,496) to document the long-term effects of parental divorce on the child's depressive affect and familial solidarity. Those who experienced parental divorce as a child (OR: 1.77, p < .05) or as an adult (OR: 1.82, p < .05) had a higher risk of depression compared to those whose parents are still married. Similar results were found for family solidarity, suggesting that parental divorce was associated with long-lasting effects on the children who experienced it. However, the pathways through which parental divorce potentially affects the well-being of children differ, based on whether the child experienced parental divorce as a child or as an adult.
Mode-coupling theory of the stress-tensor autocorrelation function of a dense binary fluid mixture.

We present a generalized mode-coupling theory for a dense binary fluid mixture. The theory is used to calculate molecular-scale renormalizations to the stress-tensor autocorrelation function (STAF) and to the long-wavelength zero-frequency shear viscosity. As in the case of a dense simple fluid, we find that the STAF appears to decay as ${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/2}$ over an intermediate range of time. The coefficient of this long-time tail is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that obtained from conventional mode-coupling theory. Our study focuses on the effect of compositional disorder on the decay of the STAF in a dense mixture.
Domination and Distributive Justice

Social power is not always troubling. One form of social power progressives are especially troubled by, however, is domination—meaning, roughly speaking, the arbitrary power that some persons or groups wield over other, dependent, persons or groups. This paper elaborates on this conception of domination and discusses why progressives should aim to minimize it. It then goes on to argue that minimizing domination entails a commitment to a particular sort of distributive justice—namely, some form of unconditional basic income. This argument for distributive justice is shown to be more compelling in various respects than the arguments offered by traditional liberal-contractualist theories of justice. Partly building on existing work in the area of nondomination, this paper aims to develop the largely ignored socioeconomic distributive justice implications of civic republicanism.
Solving minimum cut based multi-label classification problem with semi-definite programming method

Multi-label classification problem has emerged rapidly from more and more domains as the popularity and complexity of data nature. In this work, we proposed a framework that can solve multi-label classification problems that either there exist constraints among labels or not. Under this framework, the multi-label classification problem can be modeled as a minimum cut problem, where all labels and their correlations are represented by a weighted graph. If there exist constraints among the labels, a semi-definite programming (SDP) approach can be utilized. In the experimental evaluation, we conduct extensive study to compare the performance of our proposed SDP approach with other the state of art approaches. The results show that our approach has similar performance on all metrics compared to other approaches.
Decreased expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is associated with the pathogenesis of male infertility.

Abstract Objective: To examine the expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2, and the possible relationship with the pathogenesis of male infertility. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Reproductive testing laboratory in a university hospital. Patient(s): Men undergoing testicular biopsy during an investigation of subfertility. Intervention(s): Testicular tissues were obtained from biopsies of men undergoing infertility evaluation and subdivided into three groups: normal testes, maturational arrest and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Immunostaining and Western blotting techniques determined expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 Main Outcome Measure(s): Expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 in the testes. Result(s): The experimental data demonstrated that the heat shock protein hsp70-2 was expressed in the normal and maturation arrest testicular specimens. The heat shock protein hsp70-2 was strongly present in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and spermatides in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium in normal testis. However, maturation arrest testis tissue demonstrated light staining in spermatocytes and spermatides, and Sertoli-only specimens demonstrated no staining for the heat shock protein hsp70-2. The Western blotting data showed a 70-kDa heat shock protein in the normal and maturation arrest testicular tissues, but not in the Sertoli-only tissues. Conclusions: These results suggest that the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is expressed in spermatocytes and spermatides in normal and maturation arrest tissues. However, the expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 was low in maturation arrest, and no heat shock protein hsp70-2 was demonstrated in Sertoli-only specimens. Therefore the decreased expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is associated with the pathogenesis of male infertility.
Low-complexity scheduling algorithms for multichannel downlink wireless networks

This paper considers the problem of designing scheduling algorithms for multichannel (e.g., OFDM-based) wireless downlink networks, with a large number of users and proportionally large bandwidth. For this system, while the classical MaxWeight algorithm is known to be throughput-optimal, its buffer-overflow performance is very poor (formally, it is shown that it has zero rate function in our setting). To address this, a class of algorithms called iterated Heaviest matching with Longest Queues First (iHLQF) is proposed. The algorithms in this class are shown to be throughput-optimal for a general class of arrival/channel processes, and also rate-function-optimal (i.e., exponentially small buffer overflow probability) for certain arrival/ channel processes. iHLQF, however, has higher complexity than MaxWeight (n4 versus n2, respectively). To overcome this issue, a new algorithm called Server-Side Greedy (SSG) is proposed. It is shown that SSG is throughput-optimal, results in a much better per-user buffer overflow performance than the MaxWeight algorithm (positive rate function for certain arrival/ channel processes), and has a computational complexity (n2) that is comparable to the MaxWeight algorithm. Thus, it provides a nice tradeoff between buffer-overflow performance and computational complexity. These results are validated by both analysis and simulations.
Gender affects report of pain and function after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

BackgroundGender-related differences in pain have been clearly shown in experimental settings. Clinical studies of such differences have produced conflicting findings. No studies have shown a significant difference in pain experience associated with differences in functional outcomes. Arthroscopic a
Mouse mammary tumor virus genes: regulation of expression by glucocorticoids and structural analysis with restriction endonucleases.

The production of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) is stimulated by treatment of mammary carcinoma cells with glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., dexamethasone). The reaction appears to be a primary and receptor‐mediated phenomenon in which the rate of synthesis of MTV RNA is selectively increased; the maximally induced rate is reached within 15 min after addition of the hormone. Production of MTV RNA is also stimulated by dexamethasone in some but not all clonal isolates of nonmurine cells infected by the virus. Using restriction endonucleases, we have characterized both integrated and unintegrated viral DNA from clones of infected rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. We suggest that the site(s) in the rat cell genome into which MTV DNA integrates may be a determining factor for MTV RNA synthesis.
Distributed resource discovery: using z39.50 to build cross-domain information servers

This short paper describes the construction and application of Cross-D omain Information Servers using features of the standard Z39.50 information retrieval protocol[11]. We use the Z39.50 Explain Database to determine the databases and indexes of a given server, then use the SCAN facility to extract the contents of the indexes. This information is used to build “collection documents” that can be retrieved using probabilistic retrieval algorithms.
FOREIGN CENTRAL BANKING, 1946–1957: THE INSTRUMENTS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY POLICY

BY 1957, ALMOST EVERY country in the free world had turned to monetary control to help safeguard and promote its economic health. Most central banks abroad, however, have had to operate in a setting greatly unlike that of the United States, since most foreign economies and financial systems are either less developed than ours or have developed along other patterns. The techniques of foreign central banks have thus often differed substantially from those of the Federal Reserve System. This study first describes the use of central banking techniques abroad during the postwar period, including the development of money markets through which so much of the implementation of monetary policy must be effected. It then attempts to evaluate the effectiveness both of the various creditcontrol tools and of over-all monetary policies outside the United States. Discount policy abroad has generally been more complex in structure and has often carried more weight in over-all monetary policy than it has in this country. While it has rarely been used to influence the availability of bank credit directly, discount-rate changes have had a powerful impact on interest rates, and the discount instrument has shown itself to be an important supplement to other measures. Open-market operations have only rarely been the primary credit-control tool abroad that they have become in the United States. The most serious obstacle to their use abroad has been the lack of broad money and capital markets, even among the more financially developed countries. A meaningful open-market policy has also frequently been frustrated by inflationary fiscal policies. Nevertheless, the foreign experience has shown that openmarket policy can be a most effective monetary-control instrument. While the enforcement of alterations in commercial bank cash-reserVe requirements is generally considered a much blunter instrument, such requirements have been established in a great many countries