cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removal of acetaminophen protein adducts by autophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.

Background & Aims Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the US and many other countries. Metabolism of APAP results in formation of APAP protein adducts (APAP-AD) in hepatocytes and triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis. However, the mechanisms for how APAP-AD are removed from hepatocytes remain unknown. Methods Mice or primary hepatocytes were treated with APAP. APAP-AD were determined by immunoblot, immunostaining and high pressure liquid chomatography with electrochemical detection analysis. Results We found that APAP-AD were detected at 1h, peaked at approximately 2h, declined at 6h and almost full removed at 24h post treatment with APAP in mouse livers and in primary mouse hepatocytes. APAP-AD displayed a punctate pattern and were colocalized with GFP-LC3 positive autophagosomes and Lamp1 positive lysosomes in APAP-treated primary hepatocytes. Moreover, isolated autophagosomes and autolysosomes from APAP-treated mouse livers contained APAP-AD, suggesting autophagy may selectively remove APAP-AD. APAP-AD were detected in both detergent soluble and insoluble pools in APAP-treated mouse livers and hepatocytes. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by leupeptin or chloroquine increased whereas induction of autophagy by Torin 1 decreased serum APAP-AD levels in APAP-treated mice, which correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels and liver necrosis. Furthermore, SQSTM1/p62, an autophagy receptor protein, was recruited to APAP-AD. Adenovirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of SQSTM1/p62 led to increased APAP-AD and necrosis in primary hepatocytes. Conclusions Our data indicate that APAP-AD are removed though selective autophagy. Pharmacological induction of autophagy may be a novel promising approach for treating APAP-induced liver injury. Lay summary Acetaminophen overdose can form acetaminophen protein adducts and mitochondria damage in hepatocytes resulting in liver injury. Activation of autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway can help to remove acetaminophen protein adducts. Pharmacological induction of autophagy may be a novel promising approach for treating APAP-induced liver injury.
Repeat courses of SRS in patients initially treated with SRS alone for brain-metastatic melanoma

Aim: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is often used in the treatment of brain metastatic melanoma. Little data exist regarding outcomes of repeat course of SRS in this population. We aimed to identify treatment outcomes and toxicities in melanoma patients treated with repeat SRS after upfront SRS. Patients & methods: We reviewed ten consecutive patients treated with repeat SRS following upfront SRS alone for brain metastatic melanoma. Results: The median overall survival from initial treatment was 17.5 months. The median overall survival from repeat SRS was 6.7 months with a 6-month local control rate of 80%. The majority of patients progressed systemically before death. Four patients reported six adverse events, all grade 1. Conclusion: Prospective study regarding the safety and efficacy of repeat courses of SRS in patients with brain-metastatic melanoma, especially in combination with novel immunotherapies, is warranted.
The Kelmscott/Goudy Printing Press: Printing History as a Living History

The arrival of the Kelmscott/Goudy press to the Cary Graphic Arts Collection at the Rochester Institute of Technology in January 2014 was a homecoming of sorts. From 1932 to 1941, the press belonged to our library’s namesake, Melbert B. Cary, Jr., director of the Continental Type Founders Association in New York City. Cary used the press to produce the whimsical publications of his Press of the Woolly Whale. In addition to its connection with the press’s past, the Cary Collection offers a home where the press can be maintained and used in support of teaching and the book arts. To . . .
The Experiences of Low-Income Latina/o Families in an Urban Voucher, Parochial School

ABSTRACTCatholic schools have become a popular choice for many low income families Latino/a families. Families enrollment in these schools are often faced with the mandate to participate. However, regardless of the mandate, some schools often experience low parental participation. The purpose of this study is to document the experiences of low income, Latino/a families around parental involvement in hopes of understanding the reasoning for participating (or not) in their child’s school. The researchers conclude that families do not participate for a number of reasons including lack of opportunities, and an unwelcoming environment. The implications for Latina/o urban education are discussed.
Battling Pornography: Introduction: Battling Pornography

Beginning with Betty Friedan's 1963 analysis of the role that women's magazines and advertising played in normalizing female subordination within patriarchy and consumer capitalism, media representation provided a significant source of concern for the women's movement. Media constructions offered women limited roles, typically the happy housewife and mother, or the sexual object whose primary function was that of male plaything. Feminist scholars throughout the 1970s paid serious attention to advertising and found that women were rarely depicted in professional working roles or shown without the presence of a male escort in public. Women were primarily featured in ads for cleaning products, clothing, and home appliances, whereas men were shown in advertisements for cars, travel, and banks. Building on this body of image studies, activists and academic researchers including Lucy Komisar, Midge Kovacs, Jean Kilbourne, Gaye Tuchman, and Erving Goffman argued that this visual environment created and maintained conditions of gender inequality. By the mid-1970s, the “limited roles” critique of sexist media representation expanded to include insights derived from the radical feminist critique of heterosexuality. Feminists looked with new understanding at images that conflated female sexuality and violence, and claimed that they functioned like training manuals for young men growing up in a patriarchal society organized around the domination and oppression of women. Sexually violent media images encouraged the pervasive culture of male violence, contributing to the epidemic of rape and battering newly discovered within the consciousness raising groups popularized by radical feminism.
The Future of NSF Advanced Computing Infrastructure Revisited

Associate editor-in-chief Steven Gottlieb discusses a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on "Future Directions for NSF Advanced Computing Infrastructure to Support US Science and Engineering in 2017-2020" and planning for computing at the National Science Foundation.
Diagnostic yield of cytopathology in evaluating pericardial effusions: Clinicopathologic analysis of 419 specimens.

BACKGROUND Pericardial effusions can cause considerable morbidity and potentially may lead to mortality. Malignant pericardial effusions are uncommon, and data on malignancies encountered in pericardial effusion cytology specimens are limited. METHODS Relevant records of all pericardial effusions from January 2008 to September 2014 were examined and compared with pericardial biopsy results when performed. Discrepant cases were reviewed to determine the cause of the disagreement. RESULTS In total, 419 pericardial effusion specimens obtained from 364 patients were examined. Cytologic diagnostic categories included: negative for malignancy (332 specimens; 79%), equivocal (25 specimens; 6%), and positive (62 specimens from 51 patients; 15%). Forty-seven patients who had positive effusions were known to have malignancy. The most common primary malignancies were breast (39.3%) and lung (39.3%) cancers in women and lung cancer (47.4%) in men. A concurrent pericardial biopsy was performed in 46% of patients. Excluding equivocal cytologic diagnoses, cytology and biopsy were concordant in 153 of 173 paired samples (88.4%). The sensitivity of cytology in diagnosing malignancy was 92.1% compared with 55.3% for pericardial biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic examination has significant diagnostic utility in the evaluation of pericardial effusions and exhibits a lower false-negative rate compared with pericardial biopsy. Submission of pericardial biopsy alongside effusion cytology is associated with increased sensitivity for detecting malignancy and may be especially useful in the setting of low-volume pericardial effusion. Cancer Cytopathol 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Calpain I Null Mice Display Lymphoid Hyperplasia.

Calpains are ubiquitous calcium-regulated cysteine proteases that have been implicated in cytoskeletal organization, homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell motility, and apoptosis. The conventional calpains include mu-calpain (calpain I) that requires micromolar calcium for half maximal activation and m-calpain (calpain II) that functions at millimolar calcium concentration in vitro . To evaluate the physiological function(s) of mu-calpain, we utilized genetically altered mu-calpain null mice as the model system. Spleen biopsy of mu-calpain null adult mice showed consistent expansion of white pulp (lymphoid hyperplasia) due to an increase in number and size of follicles and PALS (periarteriolar lymphatic sheets), relative to matched wild type mice. Also, cervical lymph nodes of mu-calpain null mice showed lymphoid hyperplasia and marked plasmacytosis. The majority of mu-calpain null mice displayed multi-organ lymphoid infiltration. Using immunofluorescence labeling and multiparameter flow cytometry, the cellular composition of the hematopoietic compartment was quantified in both bone marrow and spleen of mu-calpain null mice. The mu-calpain null mice exhibited an overall increase in the number of B-cell lineage; showing ~40% increase of B220 + cells in the bone marrow and ~19% increase of B220 + cells in the spleen. Interestingly, T-cell compartment (CD3 + , CD4, CD8 + ) and NK lineage (NK1.1 + ) cells were significantly reduced. Myeloid specific GR1 + , CD11b + granulocytic cell lineage, and megakaryocytic CD41 + cells were also noticeably increased in the bone marrow of mu-calpain null mice. Together, these results reveal a central role of mu-calpain in the maintenance of lymphoid homeostasis, contributing to the regulation of B-cell lineage. Ongoing experiments involve investigating quantitative effects of mu-calpain deletion on the survival and apoptotic cell death of B220 + B-cell lineage in response to various insults such as Fas ligand, cycloheximide, irradiation, 9-AC, and staurosporine. The outcome of these studies will elucidate the precise biochemical function(s) of mu-calpain by identifying key substrates that regulate apoptosis in a physiologically relevant environment.
A punctuated Late Ordovician and early Silurian deglaciation and transgression: Evidence from the subsurface of northern Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT The lower section of the lower Silurian Qusaiba Member, Qalibah Formation, is characterized by regionally developed organic-rich shales that have sourced many of the large Paleozoic petroleum systems of Saudi Arabia. In northern Saudi Arabia, these high–total organic carbon (TOC) horizons are being assessed for their unconventional shale-gas potential. The initial phase of exploration drilling, which resulted in a quadrupling of the number of penetrations in northern Saudi Arabia, had the dual purpose of (1) assessing the high-TOC horizons as an unconventional resource play and (2) acquiring the fundamental data required to understand the geologic development of the zones of interest within the lower Qusaiba. The availability of numerous new cores from across northern Saudi Arabia enabled an extensive refinement of the existing biostratigraphy and enhanced integration between graptolite and palynomorph biozonation systems. In cores from the study area, four distinct sedimentary facies are recognized, (1) pyritic siltstone, (2) black mudstone, (3) black chert, and (4) gray shale, representing distinct paleoenvironmental conditions related to the stepped latest Ordovician and early Silurian Gondwanan deglaciation. The failure of the Gondwanan ice sheet was not a simple, short-lived, consistent melting and associated flooding of a flat continental shelf. This study highlights the complex interplay of sea-floor topography, ocean currents, sediment supply, and variations in the rate of melting of the ice sheet. With the associated rising ambient temperatures there are (1) increasing clay concentrations associated with intensifying chemical weathering of the exposed land mass and (2) progressive lowering of the carbonate compensation depth as water temperatures rise, enabling the preservation of carbonate shell material.
HEURISTICS AND BIASES, RATIONAL CHOICE, AND SANCTION PERCEPTIONS*

The relevance of several cognitive heuristics and related biases for rational choice perspectives on crime, and for perceptions of sanction risk, were investigated. We present findings from a series of randomized experiments, embedded in two nationwide surveys of American adults (18 and older) in 2015 (N = 1,004 and 623). The results reveal that offender estimates of detection risk are less probabilistically precise and more situationally variable than under prevailing criminological perspectives, most notably, rational choice and Bayesian learning theories. This, in turn, allows various decision-making heuristics—such as anchoring and availability—to influence and potentially bias the perceptual updating process.
Dickens, Household Words, and the Smithfield Controversy at the Time of the Great Exhibition

This chapter focuses on a series of articles from early volumes of Household Words that advocate for the relocation of London’s famous Smithfield Market. Articles written by Dickens and several other writers reveal that the humane treatment of animals had become an increasingly mainstream concern by the 1850s. These articles frequently utilize common elements of humane ideology articulated by Harriet Ritvo: the policing of the lives of the poor, the enforcement of middle-class values, and the utilization of symbolic values of animals to promote a sense of British superiority over imperial rivals. But these articles also challenge key elements of humane ideology in describing the threats of international competition and fears of degeneration as the Great Exhibition was set to open.
Synthesis of azasilacyclopentenes and silanols via Huisgen cycloaddition-initiated C-H bond insertion cascades.

An unusual transition metal-free cascade reaction of alkynyl carbonazidates was discovered to form azasilacyclopentenes. Mild thermolysis afforded the products via a series of cyclizations, rearrangements, and an α-silyl C–H bond insertion (rather than the more common Wolff rearrangement, 1,2-shift, or β-silyl C–H insertion) to form silacyclopropanes. A mechanistic proposal for the sequence was informed by control experiments and the characterization of reaction intermediates. The substrate scope and post-cascade transformations were also explored.
Speech Production: Development

Speech development is a complex phenomenon that spans at least the first 12 years of life. In this article, the acquisition process leading to adult-like competence is described within four broad age periods: 0–12 months, 12–24 months, 2–6 years, and 6+ years. Development is cataloged within anatomical, physiological, and phonetic domains for each age group. Theoretical and methodological issues germane to the study of speech development are highlighted.
A metric for quantifying El Niño pattern diversity with implications for ENSO–mean state interaction

Recent research on the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon increasingly reveals the highly complex and diverse nature of ENSO variability. A method of quantifying ENSO spatial pattern uniqueness and diversity is presented, which enables (1) formally distinguishing between unique and “canonical” El Nino events, (2) testing whether historical model simulations aptly capture ENSO diversity by comparing with instrumental observations, (3) projecting future ENSO diversity using future model simulations, (4) understanding the dynamics that give rise to ENSO diversity, and (5) analyzing the associated diversity of ENSO-related atmospheric teleconnection patterns. Here we develop a framework for measuring El Nino spatial SST pattern uniqueness and diversity for a given set of El Nino events using two indices, the El Nino Pattern Uniqueness (EPU) index and El Nino Pattern Diversity (EPD) index, respectively. By applying this framework to instrumental records, we independently confirm a recent regime shift in El Nino pattern diversity with an increase in unique El Nino event sea surface temperature patterns. However, the same regime shift is not observed in historical CMIP5 model simulations; moreover, a comparison between historical and future CMIP5 model scenarios shows no robust change in future ENSO diversity. Finally, we support recent work that asserts a link between the background cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific and changes in ENSO diversity. This robust link between an eastern Pacific cooling mode and ENSO diversity is observed not only in instrumental reconstructions and reanalysis, but also in historical and future CMIP5 model simulations.
Maternal Red Cell Alloantibody Directed Against a High Incidence Antigen

Prenatal antibody screen performed within the first trimester is an important test that detects maternal red cell alloantibodies. If an antibody is detected, a reflexive antibody titer is performed as a way to help predict the development of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). From a transfusion medicine standpoint, a plan both for potential intrauterine transfusion, and for maternal transfusion at time of delivery, must be considered. On occasion, the mother will possess a rare blood type, such that the red cells in circulation lack a high incidence red cell antigen; she may subsequently develop the antibody via exposure to transfusion or fetal red cells. Antibodies directed against high incidence antigens can be particularly challenging, as the ability to find compatible red cells for either fetus or mother will be difficult.
Mental Health: An Intersectional Approach

Social stratification theory predicts that racial minorities and women should have poorer mental health outcomes than Whites and men because they have less social power and fewer resources. Empirical investigations, however, reveal that race and gender differences are far more complex than theory would predict. Women are more distressed than men but distress levels are similar for Blacks and Whites. Women experience internalizing disorders such as major depression and men experience externalizing disorder such as substance abuse, but the overall prevalence of mental disorders does not vary by gender. Even more puzzling is that the overall prevalence diagnosable mental disorder is lower among Blacks than among Whites. We draw on upon intersectionality and stress perspectives to review the complex gender and race patterns observed in the epidemiology of mental health and conclude with a discussion of future research.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Focal Compression Neuropathies

The common factor in the concept of "entrapment neuropathy" is the presence of some anatomic hindrance to a nerve, usually encirclement or restriction of free movement away from external pressure. Usually, there must also be some other factor, such as hypertrophy of bone or soft tissue, posture, positioning, or a growing mass, to effect the actual nerve injury. The role of repetitive motion together with these other factors in producing injury has recently become more apparent.
Truth Within Phenomenological Speech

The problem of truth within phenomenology is the problem of how we can mean anything after we have carried out Husserl’s transcendental reduction, and how we can verify our meanings. How can we talk philosophically after we suspend our natural assertion of the world as an assumed, real background of experience? Can we talk at all after we disengage this underlying belief which is the condition for all our speech about things in the world? Is there anything left to say, and if so, how are we to decide whether what is said is true or not? Within philosophy, within the transcendental reduction, do meaning and truth work the same way they do in ordinary, non-philosophical consciousness? To ask about philosophical discourse in Husserl is therefore to ask about the transcendental reduction, which we will interpret as Husserl’s way of showing how we can speak philosophically about consciousness, and how we can speak about the world from a philosophical point of view.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

The incidence of infections caused by mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) has increased dramatically over the last decade or so (1–23). In some areas and patient populations, the isolation of nontuberculous (also referred to as “atypical” or “anonymous”) (24–26) mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) have surpassed even that of of M. tuberculosis. In addition to MAI, other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that have been implicated in human disease include, among others, M. haemophilium, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. bovis, M. malmoense, M. neoaurum, M. gordonae, M. terrae-triviale, and M. scrofulaceum.
Paroxysmal murine Hemoglobinuria(?): A model for human PNH.

W ITH THE INCREASING integration of molecular genetics into the study of human diseases we have come to almost expect that, whenever a new gene is cloned, the next paper will report the consequences of ‘knocking out’ the gene. In a way, we are thus witnessing the logical updating of a century-
Phytoplankton Pigment Algorithms for the Nimbus-7 CZCS

Inherent sea surface spectral radiance ratios are related empirically to the sum of the photosynthetically active phytoplankton pigment chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a, the associated degradation product. The analysis of the in-water optical data is specifically focused on the spectral characteristics of the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner instrument. In addition, an optically-dependent weighting function is applied to the vertical profile measurements of the pigments in order to accurately represent the condition of a remote sensor viewing a stratified ocean. The pigment algorithm formulated with these modifications and based on the inclusion of a larger and more diverse data base, from post-launch validation cruises, resulted in no statistically significant difference when compared to the preliminary form reported by Gordon and Clark (1980) or to Morel’s (1980) combined class 1 and class 2 waters. The pigment algorithm explains from 87 to 92% of the variance in log10 pigments over nearly four orders of magnitude in pigment concentration and is accurate to ±1/4 in log of pigment concentration.
Collaboration is the key. Artists, museums, and children.

Often considered places of solemn contemplation, quiet inspiration and personal reflection, art museums seem among the most reluctant to embrace early childhood audiences. Melina Mallos discusses a...
INTERMEDIATES IN THE myo-INOSITOL 1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE REACTION

SUMMARY: Two lines of evidence, both indirect, are presented to support an internal aldol condensation mechanism in the oxido-reductive conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into myo-inositol 1-phosphate, catalyzed by myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase and NAD + . Comparison of enzymatic reaction rates among variously deuterium-labeled glucose 6-phosphates suggests activation at C5, consistent with the aldol mechanism, and the addition of NaB 3 H 4 to a synthesizing system led to the isolation of the epimeric [ 3 H ] inositol and [ 3 H ] scyllo-inositol, consistent with the formation of myo-inose-2 1-phosphate, an intermediate postulated by the aldol mechanism. Additionally, technical innovations in the gas-liquid chromatographic separation of iditol and glucitol, the epimers expected from the borohydride reduction of 5-ketoglucose 6-phosphate, another postulated intermediate, will be presented.
A Research Agenda for the Assessment and Management of Acute Behavioral Changes in Elderly Emergency Department Patients.

Author(s): Shenvi, Christina; Wilson, Michael P.; Aldai, Alessandra; Pepper, David; Gerardi, Michael | Abstract: Introduction: Agitation, mental illness, and delirium are common reasons for older adults to seek care in the emergency department (ED). There are significant knowledge gaps in understanding how to best screen older adults for these conditions and how to manage them. In addition, in areas where research has been performed, implementation has been slow. A working group convened to develop a set of high-priority research questions that would advance the understanding of optimal management of older adults with acute behavioral changes in the ED. This manuscript is the product of a breakout session on “Special Populations: Agitation in the Elderly” from the 2016 Coalition on Psychiatric Emergencies’ first Research Consensus Conference on Acute Mental Illness. Methods: Participants were identified with expertise in emergency medicine (EM), geriatric EM, and psychiatry. Background literature reviews were performed prior to the in-person meeting in four key areas: delirium; dementia; substance abuse or withdrawal; and mental illness in older adults. Input was solicited from all participants during the meeting, and questions were iteratively focused and revised, voted on, and ranked by importance. Results: Fourteen questions were identified by the group with high consensus for their importance related to the care of older adults with agitation in the ED. The questions were grouped into three topic areas: screening and identification; management strategies; and the approach to delirium. Conclusion: It is important for emergency physicians to recognize the spectrum of underlying causes of behavioral changes, have the tools to screen older adults for those causes, and employ methods to treat the underlying causes and ameliorate their symptoms. Answers to the identified research questions have great potential to improve the care of older adults presenting with behavioral changes.
Compact actions and uniqueness of the group measure space decomposition of II1 factors

Abstract We prove that any II1 factor L ∞ ( X ) ⋊ Γ arising from a compact, free, ergodic, probability measure preserving action of a countable group Γ with positive first l 2 -Betti number, β 1 ( 2 ) ( Γ ) > 0 , has a unique group measure space Cartan subalgebra, up to unitary conjugacy.
Toxicity of Agrochemicals Among Larval Painted Lady Butterflies (Vanessa cardui)

In the Southern High Plains of the United States, beef cattle feed yards and row crop agriculture are predominant sources of agrochemical usage. Beef cattle feed yards use large quantities of veterinary pharmaceuticals to promote cattle growth and health, along with insecticides to control insect pests, whereas row crop-based agriculture relies on herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides to increase yields. Previous studies have documented the occurrence of agrochemicals beyond feed yard and row crop agriculture boundaries in uncultivated, marginal areas, raising concern that migratory pollinators and pollinators indigenous to the Southern High Plains frequenting these remaining habitat corridors may become exposed to toxic agrochemicals. Larvae of the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) were used to investigate the potential toxicity of agrochemicals used on feed yards and in row crop agriculture among pollinators. Moxidectin, an antiparasiticide used on beef cattle feed yards, was determined to be extremely toxic to V. cardui larvae, with a lethal dose at which 50% of larvae died of 2.1 ± 0.1 ng/g. Pyraclostrobin, clothianidin, and permethrin all delayed V. cardui development. However, moxidectin was the only chemical that produced significant toxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. These results indicate that agrochemicals originating from feed yards have the potential to adversely impact the development of pollinator larvae occurring in the Southern High Plains. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2629-2636. © 2019 SETAC.
Programming support for evolving database applications (invited talk)

Database applications typically undergo several schema changes during their life cycle due to performance and maintainability reasons. Such changes to the database schema not only require migrating the underlying data to a new schema, but also re-implementing large chunks of the application code that query and update the database. In this talk, Dillig will describe her recent work on programming languages support for evolving database applications. Specifically, she will first describe her work on verifying equivalence between database applications that operate over different schema, such as those that arise before and after schema refactoring. Next, she will describe how to use this verification procedure to solve the corresponding synthesis problem: That is, given a database application and a new schema, how can we automatically generate an equivalent program over this new schema?
Signatures of selection for resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats

Gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) is the most important disease affecting the small ruminant industry in U.S. The environmental conditions in the southern United States are ideal for the survival of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus. Host genetic variation for resistance to H. contortus allows selective breeding for increased resistance of animals. This selection process increases the prevalence of particular alleles in sheep and goats and creates unique genetic patterns in the genome of these species. The aim of this study was to identify loci with divergent allelic frequencies in a candidate gene panel of 100 genes using two different approaches (frequentist and Bayesian) to estimate Fst outliers in three different breeds of sheep and goats exposed to H. contortus. Our results for sheep populations showed SNPs under selection in C3AR1, CSF3, SOCS2, NOS2, STAT5B, TGFB2 and IL2RA genes using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. For goats, SNPs in CD1D, ITGA9, IL12A, IL13RA1, CD86 and TGFB2 genes were under selection. Common signatures of selection in both species were observed in NOS2, TGFB2 and TLR4 genes. Directional selection was present in all SNPs evaluated in the present study. A total of 13 SNPs within 7 genes of our candidate gene panel related to H. contortus exposure were identified under selection in sheep populations. For goats, 11 SNPs within 7 genes were identified under selection. Results from this study support the hypothesis that resistance to H. contortus is likely to be controlled by many loci. Shared signatures of selection related to mechanisms of immune protection against H. contortus infection in sheep and goats could be useful targets in breeding programs aimed to produce resistant animals with low FEC.
On the Political Geography of the Right to Survive: The EU and Mass Migration

The international human rights movement, begun in the aftermath of World War II, is in obvious crisis. Democratic norms and structures, which had been on an upward trajectory, appear to be in retreat almost everywhere. Even in the European Union, which could be considered a kind of homeland of the international rule of law, these negative, anti-democratic trends have been gathering strength. This article traces the manner in which the EU had managed to stand as a strong and law-based symbol of respect for international human rights and the international rule of law, and examines the way in which this role has been undermined by the alienation of the European public from the EU itself. Ironically, this alienation has been exacerbated by the EU’s attempt to live up to the letter and spirit of international law in accepting a proportionately massive number of refugees and other migrants in recent years. In the wake of this complex political dynamic, it is argued, we should recognize that the survival of international human rights depends upon broad public acceptance of its premises. Human rights and democracy can only live in actual places, not as mere abstractions in the minds of scholars and advocates. If human rights should fail in the EU, where then will human rights thrive? This article reasons that the survival of international human rights is not in fact guaranteed. Whereas the immediate post-World War II generation assumed that the global democratic trend would continue in a positive direction, recent events have seen the rise of illiberal politics and extreme nationalism of a sort believed to have been superseded by an international commitment to democratic structures and internationally defined rights. The argument is made that human rights cannot exist on pieces of paper held in the United Nations, but must live in actual places, in actual societies on earth. In that sense, the preservation of the EU requires that mass migration as it has been experienced in the past several years might be too drastic and too destabilizing to allow for the survival of the European project. Again, there is a deep paradox in the fact that the strongest proponents of international standards in refugee and asylum law now face a reluctant or even hostile European public opinion, to such a degree that the very basis for human rights within the EU, and thus in the world generally, may be threatened.
Gain-of-function mutations: key tools for modifying or designing novel proteins in plant molecular engineering

This article comments on: Deng WJ, Li RQ, Xu YW, Mao RY, Chen SF, Chen LB, Chen LT, Liu YG, Chen YL. 2020. A lipid transfer protein variant with a mutant eight-cysteine motif causes photoperiod- and temperature-sensitive dwarfism in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 1294–1305 .
Canine counterinsurgency in Indian-occupied Kashmir:

In this article, we analyze contemporary discourses of counterinsurgency in relation to dogs in Kashmir, the disputed northernmost Himalayan territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and the site of a prolon...
Experimental evidence for a general model of modulated MOF nanoparticle growth

Nanoparticles of metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) boast superior properties compared to their bulk analogs, yet little is known about how common synthetic parameters dictate particle sizes. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the "seesaw" model of nanoMOF growth. Solution acidity, ligand excess, and reactant concentrations are decoupled and shown to form the key independent determinants of nanoMOF sizes, thereby validating the proposal that nanoMOFs arise from coupled equilibria involving ligand deprotonation and metal-ligand complexation. By achieving the first demonstration of a seesaw relationship between nanoMOF sizes and ligand excess, these results provide further proof of the model, as they required deliberate manipulation of relationships outlined by the model. Exploring the relative impacts of these parameters reveals that ligand excess has the greatest ability to decrease sizes, although low acidity and high concentrations can exhibit similar effects. As a complement to existing models of polymer formation and crystal growth, the seesaw model therefore offers a powerful tool for reliable control over nanoMOF sizes.
“I Do Not Want to be a Weekend Papa”: The Demographic “Crisis,” Active Fatherhood, and Emergent Caring Masculinities in Berlin:

In this article, I explore German men’s relation to the emerging ideal of the father figure in general, and their conceptualizations and practices of this ideal as exemplified in the notion of akti...
Multimode two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy. II. Simulating and extracting vibronic coupling parameters from polarization-selective spectra

Experimental demonstrations of polarization-selection two-dimensional Vibrational-Electronic (2D VE) and 2D Electronic-Vibrational (2D EV) spectroscopies aim to map the magnitudes and spatial orientations of coupled electronic and vibrational coordinates in complex systems. The realization of that goal depends on our ability to connect spectroscopic observables with molecular structural parameters. In this paper, we use a model Hamiltonian consisting of two anharmonically coupled vibrational modes in electronic ground and excited states with linear and bilinear vibronic coupling terms to simulate polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectra. We discuss the relationships between the linear vibronic coupling and two-dimensional Huang–Rhys parameters and between the bilinear vibronic coupling term and Duschinsky mixing. We develop a description of the vibronic transition dipoles and explore how the Hamiltonian parameters and non-Condon effects impact their amplitudes and orientations. Using simulated polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectra, we show how 2D peak positions, amplitudes, and anisotropy can be used to measure parameters of the vibronic Hamiltonian and non-Condon effects. This paper, along with the first in the series, provides the reader with a detailed description of reading, simulating, and analyzing multimode, polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectra with an emphasis on extracting vibronic coupling parameters from complex spectra.
Application of Machine Learning-Based Pattern Recognition in IoT Devices: Review

The Internet of things (IoT) is a rapidly advancing area of technology that has quickly become more widespread in recent years. With greater numbers of everyday objects being connected to the Internet, many different innovations have been presented to make our everyday lives more straightforward. Pattern recognition is extremely prevalent in IoT devices because of the many applications and benefits that can come from it. A multitude of studies has been conducted with the intention of improving speed and accuracy, decreasing complexity, and reducing the overall required processing power of pattern recognition algorithms in IoT devices. After reviewing the applications of different machine learning algorithms, results vary from case to case, but a general conclusion can be drawn that the optimal machine learning-based pattern recognition algorithms to be used with IoT devices are support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest.
Closed Worlds and Cold Detectives

Beginning with Edgar Allan Poe’s invention of the detective story and moving through the hard-boiled works of Hammett and Chandler, we see the beginning of a trajectory, moving from Poe’s rationalism, through Sherlock Holmes’s empiricism, and into the existential world of Spade and Marlowe. In this chapter, we begin with a world where certainty and closure are achievable. At the end of both Poe’s and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s works, there is no more mystery. The reader’s doubt has left; the moral order restored. Detectives Phillip Marlowe and Sam Spade move out among the criminal class, introducing the reader to a darker world, a morally ambiguous world. While we do get consensus at the end of the works, closure seems harder to obtain in a world that has lived through World War I and World War II, casting doubt on transcendental sources of certainty.
Humiliation: Assessing the Impact of Derision, Degradation, and Debasement

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale to assess the internal experience of humiliation. After defining the construct, an item pool of 149 items was generated, utilizing a five-point Likert scale response format. A sample of 253 individuals ages 15 to 51 (M= 20.66) was used to conduct the item trial. The item pool was evaluated through item and factor analyses. Factor analysis identified two correlated factors accounting for 58% of scale variability. The 20 items loading on factor one were labeled the Fear of Humiliation Subscale and the 12 items loading on factor two were labeled the Cumulative Humiliation Subscale. The full scale of 32 items is called the Humiliation Inventory. Reliability analyses indicate that the subscales and the full scale have high internal consistency. Exploratory analyses of mean scores across six demographic groups indicate significant differences between male and female mean scores on the total scale and the two subscales.
Naples in the time of cholera, 1884-1911

Preface Introduction Part I. Sanitary Anxieties: 1. A city at risk Part II. The Public Epidemic of 1884: 2. From Provence to the Bay of Naples 3. Death in Naples 4. Survival and recovery Part III. Risanamento and Miasma: 5. Rebuilding medicine and politics Part IV. The Secret Epidemic of 1910-11: 6. The return of cholera: 1910 7. Concealment and crisis: 1911 Conclusion: Neapolitan cholera and Italian politics Bibliography.
The Debate Regarding Profitability: Hotel Unit and Hotel Brand Revenue and Profit Relationships

Abstract Our research note explores a debate in the hotel industry regarding the relationship between hotel RevPAR and profitability, a debate around which there is a great degree of “noise.” Using a sample of 1,954 actual hotels for which both top line and bottom line indicators were available for the same year, we conclude through our statistical analyses that while hotels with higher revenue, and particularly higher room revenue, have a higher NOI in dollars, they do not necessarily have a more profitable business model in terms of NOI percentage. Also, we present brand level analyses.
An assembly cell with an automated quality control station: Exponentially distributed processing times

Abstract The performance of an assembly cell consisting of a set of machines, a sufficiently large local storage, an adjacent automated quality control station, a loading and an unloading station is modeled by a G / M /1 queuing system with generally distributed interarrival time, a single Markovian server, the first come first served queuing discipline, and with a fixed delay Bernoulli feedback mechanism, in steady state. In a queuing system with a fixed delay Bernoulli feedback mechanism, a fraction of the departing units will merge with the incoming arrival units to be reprocessed, after being delayed for a fixed length of time. The performance of this system is approximated by a recursive algorithm. Furthermore, approximation outcomes are compared against those from a simulation study.
Cop vs. Gambler

We consider a variation of cop vs.?robber on graph in which the robber is not restricted by the graph edges; instead, he picks a time-independent probability distribution on V ( G ) and moves according to this fixed distribution. The cop moves from vertex to adjacent vertex with the goal of minimizing expected capture time. Players move simultaneously. We show that when the gambler's distribution is known, the expected capture time (with best play) on any connected n -vertex graph is exactly n . We also give bounds on the (generally greater) expected capture time when the gambler's distribution is unknown to the cop.
Quantitative Sensory Testing

Sensory system examination is a very important part of clinical neurology. Quantitative sensory studies using automated systems to evaluate the sensory function are useful in clinical and experimental studies of peripheral neuropathies. This chapter discusses the sensory receptors, sensory examination, and a quantitative system designed to deliver sensory stimuli, including touch-pressure, vibration, thermal, and heat-pain sensory stimuli, in a quantifiable and reproducible manner.
Inheritance of Sparkling Scales (Ginrin) Trait in Ornamental Koi Carp

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms of inheritance of the sparkling scales (ginrin) trait in ornamental koi, a variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. The fish segregations of ginrin : nonginrin were recorded in three F1 progenies obtained by crosses of ginrin × nonginrin and 16 F2 progenies obtained by crosses of ginrin × ginrin and nonginrin × nonginrin. The segregations of ginrin : nonginrin in most F1 progenies did not differ significantly from the 1:1 Mendelian ratio, while crossing nonginrin fish from F1 progenies resulted in the appearance of only nonginrin fish in F2. Based on these data, it was suggested that the ginrin trait in koi is controlled by a dominant mutation of one gene (Gr/gr): fish with genotypes GrGr and Grgr have ginrin phenotype, while fish with genotype grgr do not possess this trait. In most analyzed F2 progenies obtained by crosses of ginrin × ginrin, the ginrin : nonginrin segregations were statistically different from the 3:1 and 2:1 theoretical ra...
Magnetic measurement data of the injector synchrotron dipole magnets for the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source

The magnetic measurement data of the first 34 of the required 68 production magnets for the injector synchrotron are summarized. The magnetic measurement method of the field strength and field shape relative to a reference magnet is described. The standard deviation of the integrated field strength for the 34 magnets is 3.3/spl times/10/sup -4/ and the variation of the integrated field with transverse displacement of /spl plusmn/25 mm is less than 2.5/spl times/10/sup -4/. >
Family therapy of a domestic violence service delivery system

In this paper the author recounts how one agency in a community of agencies sought to integrate services to multiproblem families. The paper describes how the integration was attempted, conceptualizing the community of agencies as a multiproblem family itself. The advantages and limitations of applying the family metaphor to a larger social system are also discussed.
Corrosion Properties of Surface-Modified Materials

Surface modification processes provide unique ways to change the surface and near-surface regions of materials, resulting in significantly improved surface-sensitive properties (i.e., corrosion, oxidation, wear and fatigue crack initiation). In the area of corrosion behavior, three new widely divergent, but largely complimentary surface modification techniques are yielding impressive results—laser surface alloying (LSA), ion implantation and ion plating.
Anthropology in question

Anthropology, abstractly conceived as the study of man, is actually the study of men in crisis by men in crisis. Anthropologists and their ob? jects, the studied, despite opposing positions in the "scientific" equation have this much in common: if not equally, still they are each objects of contemporary imperial civilization. The anthropologist who treats the indigene as an object may define himself as relatively free, but that is an illusion. For in order to objectify the other, one is, at the same time, compelled to objectify the self. On this score, the anthropologist betrays himself as inevitably as he does the native whom he examines. There? fore, when Levi-Strauss, whom I take to be both the most representative and the most elusive of contemporary anthropologist argues that, as the offspring of colonialism, "anthropology ... reflects, on the epistemo logical level, a state of affairs in which one part of mankind treats the other as an object," he tells us only half the truth.1 The other half is critical. For the anthropologist is himself a victim, and his power of decision is a fiction, embedded as it is in the exploitative foundations of civilization. Edmund Carpenter relates a case in point: the presumed results of an official experiment in communication to which he lent himself in Australian New Guinea. Although questioning the ethic of the undertaking, he argues that the disorganization, indeed the destruction of the village culture under systematic electronic assault (tape recordings, film and so forth) which his team initiated, could be justified only by the knowledge gained of analogous processes in our, the colonizing, society.2 Unless the anthropologist confronts his own alienation, which is only a special instance of a general condition, seeks to understand its roots and subsequently matures as a relentless critic of his own civili? zation, the very civilization which converts man into an object, he cannot understand or even recognize himself in the man of another culture or that other man in himself. Thus when Levi-Strauss finally