cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in five lepidopteran cell lines.

Abstract Comparative studies were performed on the replication of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell lines from Estigmene acrea, BTI-EAA; Lymantria dispar, IPLB-LD64BA; Mamestra brassicae, IZD-MB0503; Spodoptera frugiperda, IPLB-SF1254; and Trichoplusia ni, TN-368. Significant differences were observed in the amount of virus obtained from the cell lines, with M. brassicae and T. ni producing more polyhedra than the other lines. These two cell lines also produced nonoccluded virus most rapidly, followed by S. frugiperda, E. acrea, and L. dispar. Sensitivities of the cell lines to infection by the virus, as determined by plaque formation, followed the same pattern, with M. brassicae being most sensitive and L. dispar least so. The T. ni cell line produced polyhedra which were more pathogenic to T. ni larvae than those from the other cells. These differences have important implications in the application of cell cultures in the development of microbial insecticides.
The first segway soccer experience: towards peer-to-peer human-robot teams

In this paper, we focus on human-robot interaction in a team task where we identify the need for peer-to-peer (P2P) teamwork, with no fixed hierarchy for decision making between robots and humans. Instead, all team members are equal participants and decision making is truly distributed. We have fully developed a P2P team within Segway Soccer, a research domain, built upon Robocup robot soccer, that we have introduced to explore the challenge of P2P coordination in human-robot teams with dynamic, adversarial tasks. We recently participated in the first Segway Soccer games between two competing teams at the 2005 RoboCup US Open. We believe these games are the first ever between two human-robot P2P teams. Based on the competition, we realized two different approaches to P2P teams. We present our robot-centric approach to P2P team coordination and contrast it to the human-centric approach of the opponent team.
FOODSERVICE MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON COLLEGE OPERATIONS: A BUSINESS ANTHROPOLOGICAL CASE STUDY

For years, business anthropologists have attempted to solve various problems within individual firms using ethnographic techniques. These techniques have become increasingly popular in business industries worldwide. The food industry has been studied throughout the years regarding consumer behavior and marketing strategies. The goal of this study was to use new and innovative anthropological methods to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency in one case of foodservice management. In this study, the issue of cultural influence and its relevance to foodservice management, student consumers and overall campus operations is explored. The authors hope that this anthropological research will provide a comprehensive overview of managerial methods and highlight areas for improvement within the service structure of the Coker College Dining Hall.
Reflections on the university's role in professional child care: An Illinois experience

The role of the university program in professionalizing child and youth care is considered in light of the author's experience at the University of Illinois at Chicago. It is argued that degree programs may not be feasible at this time, and other goals and activities for the university program are suggested.
Effect of glycosylation on the function of a soluble, recombinant form of the transferrin receptor

Production of the soluble portion of the transferrin receptor (sTFR) by baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is described, and the effect of glycosylation on the biological function of sTFR is evaluated for the first time. The sTFR (residues 121−760) has three N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn251, Asn317, and Asn727). Although fully glycosylated sTFR is secreted into the tissue culture medium (∼40 mg/L), no nonglycosylated sTFR could be produced, suggesting that carbohydrate is critical to the folding, stability, and/or secretion of the receptor. Mutants in which glycosylation at positions 251 and 727 (N251D and N727D) is eliminated are well expressed, whereas production of the N317D mutant is poor. Analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirms dimerization of the sTFR and the absence of the carbohydrate at the single site in each mutant. The effect of glycosylation on binding to diferric human transferrin (Fe_2 hTF), an authentic monoferric hTF with iron in the C-lobe (designated Fe_C hTF), and a mutant (designated Mut-Fe_C hTF that features a 30-fold slower iron release rate) was determined by surface plasmon resonance; a small (∼20%) but consistent difference is noted for the binding of Fe_C hTF and the Mut-Fe_C hTF to the sTFR N317D mutant. The rate of iron release from Fe_C hTF and Mut-Fe_C hTF in complex with the sTFR and the sTFR mutants at pH 5.6 reveals that only the N317D mutant has a significant effect. The carbohydrate at position 317 lies close to a region of the TFR previously shown to interact with hTF.
Confronting 1984: A Librarian's Survival Guide to the Orwell Term Paper Explosion

For the past twenty‐five years or so, the writings of George Orwell — especially his final novel 1984 — have been a popular topic for student research. From junior high through graduate school, interest in Orwell has been consistent. Book reports, term papers, and even seminars on Orwell are common‐place in the national curriculum. Now, as the year 1984 arrives, librarians at all levels — public, school, academic — must brace themselves for a year‐long onslaught of requests for biographical and critical material on Orwell.
Nisoxetine antagonism of norepinephrine depletion in brain and heart after α-methyl-m-tyrosine administration

Abstract Nisoxetine hydrochloride (5–40 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized the depletion of norepinephrine in brain and heart following the injection of α -methyl- m -tyrosine (6.25–100 mg/kg, s.c.) into rats and mice. In rats. the degree of antagonism was directly related to the dose of nisoxetine and inversely related to the dose of α -methyl- m -tyrosine. Associated with the antagonism by nisoxetine of norepinephrine depletion by α -methyl- m -tyrosine was a reduction in the tissue concentration of metaraminol, the metabolite of α -methyl- m -tyrosine whose retention in nerve terminals probably accounts for the depletion of norepinephrine. Similar antagonism of norepinephrine depletion and lowering of metaraminol concentration by nisoxetine was observed in brain and heart after the injection of metaraminol itself. These findings extend previous data showing the effectiveness of nisoxetine as an inhibitor of uptake into norepinephrine neurons in vitro .
A description of the DOE Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

Radionuclide monitoring, though slower than vibrational methods of explosion detection, provides a basic and certain component of Comprehensive Test Ban treaty (CTBT) verification. Measurement of aerosol radioactive debris, specifically a suite of short-lived fission products, gives high confidence that a nuclear weapon has been detonated in or vented to the atmosphere. The variable nature of wind-borne transport of the debris requires that many monitoring stations cover the globe to insure a high degree of confidence that tests which vent to the atmosphere will be detected within a reasonable time period. To fulfill the CTBT aerosol measurement requirements, a system has been developed at PNNL to automatically collect and measure radioactive aerosol debris, then communicate spectral data to a central data center. This development has proceeded through several design iterations which began with sufficient measurement capability (<30 μBq/m3140Ba) and resulted in a system with a minimal footprint (1 m×2 m), minimal power requirement (1600W), and support of network infrastructure needs. The Mark IV prototype (Fig. 1) is currently the subject of an Air Force procurement with private industry to partially fulfill US treaty obligations under the CTBT. It is planned that the system will be available for purchase from a manufacturer in late 1997.
Determining robot process capability using Taguchi methods

Abstract The robot process capability problem is outlined and terms are defined. Recent efforts to measure robot capability are reviewed. Two methods were used to analyze robot process capability data: the randomized complete block design method and Taguchi statistical experimental design methods. The purpose of the study was to compare the results obtained by these two methods and determine which method was better for analyzing the data to be used in determining/optimizing a robot's process capability. Three-dimensional (3-D) coordinate data were obtained using a WATSMART vision system to determine a robot's process capability. Three levels of four independent variables—load, X -, Y - and Z - coordinates—were chosen for the study. Both analysis methods yielded similar results in determining a robot's process capability (within 10.4%). The Taguchi methods required significantly fewer data than the randomized complete block design used. Taguchi methods also optimized a robot's process capability.
Flexural behavior of strain-softening solids

Abstract The flexural behavior of a beam is investigated in an attempt to establish a correlation between the tensile and bending properties of strain-softening solids. Given the complete uniaxial stress—strain relations, including the post-peak tension-softening portion, it is possible to predict the flexural behavior in moment—curvature and load—deflection relations. The results indicate that strain-softening gives rise to enhanced bending strength in agreement with experimental data. Conversely, given the bending responses together with the softening characteristics the complete tensile behavior can be determined. Since bending experiments are easier to perform than uniaxial tensile tests, this well-defined correlation provides a feasible means to obtain the entire tensile behavior of strain-softening solids such as concrete, rocks and ceramics.
An optimum solution to the firing squad synchronization problem

A 16 state machine is proposed as an optimum solution to the “Firing Squad Synchronization Problem.” It is shown that when given an arbitrarily long (but finite) array of such machines and a command is given at one end at t = 0, it is possible to cause all the machines to go to one terminal state, all at once, at time t = 2n − 2 where n is the number of machines in the array. The code book of the state transitions of the machine is so arranged to cause the array to progressively divide itself into 2k equal parts, where k is an integer and an increasing function of time. The end machines in each partition assume a special state so that when the last partition occurs, all the machines have for both neighbors machines at this state. This is made the only condition for any machine to assume terminal state.
Comparison of tissue harmonic imaging with contrast (sonicated albumin) echocardiography and Doppler myocardial imaging for enhancing endocardial border resolution

Endocardial resolution during 2-dimensional echocardiography is technically limited in at least 10% to 15% of patients. Recently, several ultrasound imaging innovations have been introduced that may improve endocardial resolution and decrease the proportion of technically difficult studies. This study compares tissue harmonic imaging, intravenous sonicated albumin, and Doppler myocardial imaging in patients with technically difficult echocardiograms. Twenty-eight patients with known or suspected cardiac disease and poor baseline endocardial resolution were studied. Only harmonic imaging (conventional and optimized for tissue) was superior to baseline fundamental imaging (p <0.001). Harmonic imaging was superior to baseline imaging in all myocardial regions and in the majority of patients, including those with the worst baseline studies.
Automatic real-time detection of endoscopic procedures using temporal features

Endoscopy is used for inspection of the inner surface of organs such as the colon. During endoscopic inspection of the colon or colonoscopy, a tiny video camera generates a video signal, which is displayed on a monitor for interpretation in real-time by physicians. In practice, these images are not typically captured, which may be attributed by lack of fully automated tools for capturing, analysis of important contents, and quick and easy retrieval of these contents. This paper presents the description and evaluation results of our novel software that uses new metrics based on image color and motion over time to automatically record all images of an individual endoscopic procedure into a single digitized video file. The software automatically discards out-patient video frames between different endoscopic procedures. We validated our software system on 2464h of live video (over 265 million frames) from endoscopy units where colonoscopy and upper endoscopy were performed. Our previous classification method achieved a frame-based sensitivity of 100.00%, but only a specificity of 89.22%. Our new method achieved a frame-based sensitivity and specificity of 99.90% and 99.97%, a significant improvement. Our system is robust for day-to-day use in medical practice.
Violence and vengeance: Religious conflict and its aftermath in Eastern Indonesia, by Christopher R. Duncan

In 1999, just months following the downfall of Suharto dictatorial regime, and continuing for more than three years, the Moluccas, stretching from North Maluku and Ambon to Banda and Southeast Malu...
Affective state and preference for immediate versus delayed reward

Fifty-two 9-year-olds were randomly assigned to success and failure treatment conditions involving acceptance or rejection of a drawing made for an art show. In a pilot study, this treatment was shown to influence significantly subjects' affective states. Just after treatment, subjects were presented with choices between pairs of small immediate and large delayed rewards. As predicted, subjects who had experienced success chose more often the large delayed reward than those who failed (p < .02). Prior expectancy for success and sex were not significantly related to choice behavior. The influence of affective state on various parameters of the choice paradigm was discussed, and other evidence was cited indicating that affective state is a major determinant of self-gratification behavior.
High Serum IGFBP-2 Is Predictive of Increased Bone Turnover in Aging Men and Women

Elevated serum IGFBP-2 is associated with lower BMD in men and women. It is unknown whether IGFBP-2 serves as a negative regulator of bone metabolism by decreasing bone formation or increasing bone resorption. Studying an age-stratified community-based sample of 344 men and 276 women, IGFBP-2 was the strongest predictor of increased bone resorption among the IGF/IGFBPs studied. Introduction: Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), which increases with age, is a predictor of low BMD among aging men and women. However, it is unknown whether IGFBP-2 negatively influences bone metabolism by decreasing bone formation or increasing bone resorption. Few have examined the relation between the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) with bone turnover markers. Materials and Methods: In an age-stratified, random sample of the community, we examined the association between serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, −2, and −3, and bone turnover markers before and after adjustment for potential confounders (age, body mass index, bioavailable estradiol and testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin). Analyses were stratified by sex and menopausal status. Results: We studied 344 men (age range, 23–90 yr) and 276 women (age range, 21–93 yr; 166 postmenopausal) not on oral contraceptives or hormone replacement. Among the IGF/IGFBPs assessed, IGFBP-2 was the strongest and most consistent predictor of bone turnover in men and women. After adjustment for potential confounders, IGFBP-2 was positively associated with osteocalcin (OC) and urine and serum N-teleopeptide (NTX) in men (r = 0.20, 0.26, and 0.23, respectively; p < 0.001), serum C-telopeptide (CTX) in premenopausal women (r = 0.28; p < 0.01), and OC, urine NTX, and serum CTX in postmenopausal women (r = 0.24, 0.33, and 0.19, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher serum IGFBP-2, which is predictive of lower BMD, is associated with increased markers of bone resorption, independent of age, body mass, and sex hormones. The association between IGFBP-2 and markers of bone formation may reflect coupling with increased bone resorption, which is not adequate to maintain BMD.
Wilson-Mikity syndrome followed by "idiopathic" pulmonary hemosiderosis.

Summary A child is described who, after severe hyaline membrane disease, developed the Wilson-Mikity syndrome and, later, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. The question is raised as to whether oxygen toxicity may have been a factor in predisposing this child to these 2 pulmonary disorders.
Serum Procollagen Type III Peptide Levels in Normal Rhesus Monkeys

Summary Serum levels of the amino-terminal peptide of Type III procollagen (P-III-P) were assayed by radioimmunoassay in 48 Rhesus monkeys from 0.7 to 26.4 years of age. Serum P-III-P levels in ten juvenile monkeys (0.7-4.7 yrs.) were significantly higher (84.5 ± 66.2 ng/ml; p = 0.05) and ranged from 29.6 to 238.0 ng/ml as compared with 38 monkeys over 5 years of age (21.7 ± 9.4 ng/ml), which ranged from 8.5 to 55.5 ng/ml. No significant differences in serum P-III-P levels were observed between any age groups over 5 years of age (5–10, 10–15, 15–20, and > 20) or between male and female monkeys within any age category.
FlowString: Partial Streamline Matching Using Shape Invariant Similarity Measure for Exploratory Flow Visualization

Measuring the similarity of integral curves is fundamental to many important flow data analysis and visualization tasks such as feature detection, pattern querying, streamline clustering and hierarchical exploration. In this paper, we introduce FlowString, a novel approach that extracts shape invariant features from streamlines and utilizes a string-based method for exploratory streamline analysis and visualization. Our solution first resamples streamlines by considering their local feature scales. We then classify resampled points along streamlines based on the shape similarity around their local neighborhoods. We encode each streamline into a string of well-selected shape characters, from which we construct meaningful words for querying and retrieval. A unique feature of our approach is that it captures intrinsic streamline similarity that is invariant under translation, rotation and scaling. Leveraging the suffix tree, we enable efficient search of streamline patterns with arbitrary lengths with the complexity linear to the size of the respective pattern. We design an intuitive interface and user interactions to support flexible querying, allowing exact and approximate searches for robust partial streamline similarity matching. Users can perform queries at either the character level or the word level, and define their own characters or words conveniently for customized search. We demonstrate the effectiveness of FlowString with several flow field data sets of different sizes and characteristics.
Studies on Histomonas meleagridis. II. Influence of age of original inoculum and pH on growth in various media

Abstract 1. 1. Growth of Histomonas meleagridis, together with the changes in pH accompanying this growth, have been studied for the first time. 2. 2. Maximum growth of the flagellate in an unbuffered medium has been observed to occur between the 4th and 8th days. 3. 3. The age of the cultures used as inocula has been found to influence subsequent growth of the organism. 4. 4. Growth in a phosphate-salt system buffered at pH 7.1, 7.4, and 8.1 has been observed to be inferior to that occurring in unbuffered Laidlaw's medium.
Analytical and experimental study of a circular membrane in Hertzian contact with a rigid substrate

The problem that is addressed here is that of a pressurized circular membrane in contact with a rigid substrate. A closed-form membrane analysis with Hertz-type contact is developed to describe the relationship between pressure, contact radius and contact force. Both the variation in the slope of the deflection profile of the portion of the membrane outside the contact zone and the contact radius itself are measured by an apparatus based on moire deflectometry. Contact experiments with a 3 μm PET film and a glass substrate show that this analysis predicts both the slope field and contact radius well.
Optical nonlinear metasurfaces formed by plasmonic nanoantennas

We discuss the possibility of significantly enhancing second-order optical nonlinearities with ultrathin planar arrays of plasmonic nanoantennas, forming nonlinear optical metasurfaces. We show that efficient wave mixing may be obtained at the nanoantenna loads, boosted by the plasmonic features and large field enhancement, which typically characterize optical nanoantenna designs. We then discuss two exciting applications of the proposed geometry: large frequency conversion efficiency and efficient phase-conjugation for sub-wavelength imaging.
Characterization of Chemically Induced Liver Injuries Using Gene Co-Expression Modules

Liver injuries due to ingestion or exposure to chemicals and industrial toxicants pose a serious health risk that may be hard to assess due to a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tests. Mapping chemical injuries to organ-specific damage and clinical outcomes via biomarkers or biomarker panels will provide the foundation for highly specific and robust diagnostic tests. Here, we have used DrugMatrix, a toxicogenomics database containing organ-specific gene expression data matched to dose-dependent chemical exposures and adverse clinical pathology assessments in Sprague Dawley rats, to identify groups of co-expressed genes (modules) specific to injury endpoints in the liver. We identified 78 such gene co-expression modules associated with 25 diverse injury endpoints categorized from clinical pathology, organ weight changes, and histopathology. Using gene expression data associated with an injury condition, we showed that these modules exhibited different patterns of activation characteristic of each injury. We further showed that specific module genes mapped to 1) known biochemical pathways associated with liver injuries and 2) clinically used diagnostic tests for liver fibrosis. As such, the gene modules have characteristics of both generalized and specific toxic response pathways. Using these results, we proposed three gene signature sets characteristic of liver fibrosis, steatosis, and general liver injury based on genes from the co-expression modules. Out of all 92 identified genes, 18 (20%) genes have well-documented relationships with liver disease, whereas the rest are novel and have not previously been associated with liver disease. In conclusion, identifying gene co-expression modules associated with chemically induced liver injuries aids in generating testable hypotheses and has the potential to identify putative biomarkers of adverse health effects.
Ovarian follicle development and transgenic mouse models

Ovarian follicle development is a complex process that begins with the establishment of what is thought to be a finite pool of primordial follicles and culminates in either the atretic degradation of the follicle or the release of a mature oocyte for fertilization. This review highlights the many advances made in understanding these events using transgenic mouse models. Specifically, this review describes the ovarian phenotypes of mice with genetic mutations that affect ovarian differentiation, primordial follicle formation, follicular growth, atresia, ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) formation. In addition, this review describes the phenotypes of mice with mutations in a variety of genes, which affect the hormones that regulate folliculogenesis. Because studies using transgenic animals have revealed a variety of reproductive abnormalities that resemble many reproductive disorders in women, it is likely that studies using transgenic mouse models will impact our understanding of ovarian function and fertility in women.
IONIC TRANSFER IN CARDIAC MUSCLE. AN EXPLANATION OF CARDIAC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY.

Abstract The evidence has been reviewed which suggests that the upstroke of the action potential in heart muscle is due to the entry of sodium ions. This conclusion is based on the failure of the upstroke to occur if 90 per cent of the sodium is replaced by sucrose, and the demonstration of a reduction in amplitude of the rising phase of the action potential with each decrement in extracellular sodium concentration or an increase in amplitude with increasing extracellular sodium concentration. In addition, the demonstration of a change in membrane resistance of one-hundred-fold at the time of the rising phase suggests increased permeability of the membrane at this time. The voltage-clamp studies in the squid giant axon clearly show an inward movement of current during the rising phase, which disappears when choline replaces sodium in the perfusing bath. The resting membrane potential resembles the model of a potassium and chloride concentration cell, since calculations based on measured concentrations across the membrane agree fairly closely with measured potentials. Furthermore, the membrane resting potential is altered in a predictable manner by changed extracellular potassium and chloride concentration, but is not appreciably affected by changing sodium concentration. Since the skeletal muscle membrane appears to be freely permeable to chloride, and only sparingly so to potassium, and since potassium permeability is selectively altered during the electrical cycle, the chloride ionic concentration gradient is probably dependent on the transmembrane potential, and, therefore, is passive. The current carried by the chloride ion in cardiac fibers is small. Little is known of the factors which alter membrane permeability or affect the transfer rates during recovery, but it is apparent that sodium is removed from the cell after the rising phase and is replaced by potassium to restore membrane resting potential.
Psychometric investigation of the MACH IV scale measuring Machiavellianism.

Summary.-A psychometric investigation of the MACH IV scale developed by Christie and Geis in 1970 to measure Machiavehanism was conducted. Factor analyses performed on data from two different samples of respondents suggest empirical difficulties in the number and nature of dimensions underlying the scale. Comparable analyses of a Satisfaction scale developed by Hunt and Chonko m 1984 and administered at the same time to the same subjects as the MACH IV scale indicated no similar difficulties with the Satisfaction scale's empirical validity. Over the past 20 yr. a considerable body of literature has reported investigations of the Machiavellianism construct. The most widely used measure of Machiavellianism has been the MACH IV scale developed by Christie and Geis (1970). A number of investigators have attempted to determine what the MACH IV measures. Their stules have produced conflicting results. One group suggests that Machiavellianism is a single construct (Christie & Lehman, 1970; Kuo & Marsella, 1977) while others have presented evidence that suggests Machiavellianism is a multidirnensional construct (Williams, Hazelton, & Renshaw, 1975; Hunter, Gerbig, & Boster, 1982). The latter researchers stated: These results suggest that the Machiavellian dimension has no construct validity. Rather it is an arbitracy composite score formed by summing over Machiavellian beliefs that do have construct validity (p. 1305). The issue is not whether Machiavellianism is a single or multidimensional construct, but whether the construct is measurable using the MACH IV scale. If the construct is measurable and is a single component, the scale items should load into a single factor upon factor analysis. If the construct is measurable and is multidimensional, then scale items should load onto two or more dimensions upon factor analysis. Further, from test population to test population the grouping of items should generally "load" onto the same dimension or factor upon analysis. Minor shifts may occur from tes[ population to test population as some items may have loading values that are very close. Further, Kerlinger (1973) suggests the use of factor analysis in determining construct validity. In this study, the MACH IV scale (Christie & Geis, 1970) and a scale reported to measure satisfaction (Hunt & Chonko, 1984) were administered to two groups of construction contractors. Items for the MACH IV scale appear in Table 1 and those for the measures of satisfaction in Table 4 below. The instruments were administered to
Kitaro Nishida's Philosophy of Emptiness and its Architectural Significance

Abstract In order to reconcile the breach between the “typologist” and the “populationist” in contemporary architecture, this article discusses Kitaro Nishida's philosophy of emptiness. The article first introduces Asian artistic examples to illustrate the significance of emptiness in art. It then discusses Nishida's emptiness as the ultimate foundation of reality from which being and nonbeing coemerge. The article also summarizes three interrelated lessons from Nishida's emptiness pertaining to architecture: the dialectic of opposites, the bodily subject of immersion, and the dialectic between the ideal and the real. The article finally explicates these concepts by discussing Asian and Western architectural examples.
Intelligent signal processing applied to recognition and classification of one and multidimensional signals

Recently, due to emerging critical applications such as biomedical, and security applications, the area of intelligent signal processing has been receiving considerable attention. In this contribution, we present an intelligent signal processing system applied to signal recognition and classification. The system employs different structures, multicriteria and multitransform. In addition, principal component analysis in the transform domain is developed which result in further improvement in the recognition accuracy and dimensionality reduction. Experimental results are given which confirm the excellent properties of the proposed approaches.
Using the parallel process model to prevent firearm injury and death: field experiment results of a video‐based intervention

This paper reports the outcome evaluation of a gun safety video intervention. Guided largely by the extended parallel process model, the video, Bullet ‘Proof’ - The Case for Gun Safety' focuses primarily on (a) knowledge of 6 gun safety practices, (b) susceptibility to accidental gunshot injuries and death, severity of gunshot injuries, (d) response efficacy, and (e) self-efficacy. The video was shown to 175 individuals in 7 hunter safety classes and evaluated in a field experiment using a posttest-only control-group design with random assignment. Compared to the control group, the experimental group listed significantly more gun safety practices, perceived greater susceptibility to accidental gun injuries, perceived gun injuries to be more severe, and perceived greater response efficacy toward some of the recommended gun safety practices. Further, all of the recommended gun safety practices received high self-efficacy and behavioral intention ratings. Finally, the video itself scored high on all measured positive attributes, and low on all measured negative attributes.
Vitamin D and Aging

Age-related changes affect vitamin D metabolism and increase the requirement for vitamin D in the elderly. Also there is an age related decrease in calcium absorption and a higher calcium intake is needed. Increasing calcium from dietary sources may be better than supplements, and requires increasing the intake of dairy products or other and calcium-fortified foods. Evidence suggests that vitamin D and calcium nutrition can be improved in the elderly by increasing the vitamin D intake to 800 IU daily together with a total calcium intake of 1000 mg daily. This combination is a simple, inexpensive strategy that can reduce fractures in institutionalized individuals by 30%.
Inter-surface mapping

We consider the problem of creating a map between two arbitrary triangle meshes. Whereas previous approaches compose parametrizations over a simpler intermediate domain, we directly create and optimize a continuous map between the meshes. Map distortion is measured with a new symmetric metric, and is minimized during interleaved coarse-to-fine refinement of both meshes. By explicitly favoring low inter-surface distortion, we obtain maps that naturally align corresponding shape elements. Typically, the user need only specify a handful of feature correspondences for initial registration, and even these constraints can be removed during optimization. Our method robustly satisfies hard constraints if desired. Inter-surface mapping is shown using geometric and attribute morphs. Our general framework can also be applied to parametrize surfaces onto simplicial domains, such as coarse meshes (for semi-regular remeshing), and octahedron and toroidal domains (for geometry image remeshing). In these settings, we obtain better parametrizations than with previous specialized techniques, thanks to our fine-grain optimization.
Presidents as Priests: Toward a Typology of Christian Discourse in the American Presidency

This study contributes to the scholarship on political and religious communication by deriving from key theoretical works a typology of Christian discourse. We employ this typology in a computer-assisted content analysis of presidential communication across 3 decades. Developing an argument about the manner in which changing religious identification in America might influence presidential discourse, we expect and find that presidentspreferabstracttoconcretereligiousdiscourseandthatBarackObama’sChristian discoursehasdifferedfromthatofhispredecessors.Situatingthesefindingswithin2theories of religion in public life—secularization and pluralism—we suggest that recent shifts in presidential discourse signal a move toward greater pluralism.
Health Benefits of Green Public Housing: Associations With Asthma Morbidity and Building-Related Symptoms.

Objectives. We examined associations of several health outcomes with green and conventional low-income housing, where the prevalence of morbidities and environmental pollutants is elevated.Methods. We used questionnaires and a visual inspection to compare sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and asthma-related morbidity among residents in multifamily units in Boston, Massachusetts, between March 2012 and May 2013. Follow-up was approximately 1 year later.Results. Adults living in green units reported 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 2.05) fewer SBS symptoms than those living in conventional (control) homes (P < .001). Furthermore, asthmatic children living in green homes experienced substantially lower risk of asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.00), asthma attacks (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88), hospital visits (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.88), and asthma-related school absences (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.74) than children living in conventional public housing.Conclus...
The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java–Manihiki–Hikurangi

Abstract Oceanic plateaus are mafic igneous provinces commonly thought to derive from ascending mantle plumes. By far the largest, the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) was emplaced ca. 120 Ma, with a much smaller magmatic pulse of ca. 90 Ma. Of similar age and composition, the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus (MP and HP) are separated from the OJP by ocean basins formed during the Cretaceous long normal magnetic period. I present new seafloor fabric data that indicate the three plateaus formed as one (OJMHP). The data support previous interpretations that the Osbourn Trough is the relict of the spreading center that separated the MP and HP but they require a different interpretation than prevailing tectonic models for the Ellice Basin. Closely spaced, large offset, fracture zones in the Ellice Basin bound former right-stepping spreading segments that separated the OJP and MP. The MP was emplaced near the axis of the Pacific–Phoenix ridge and additional plateau fragments formerly bordered its eastern margins. Following OJMHP break-up, seafloor spreading removed these fragments to the east and SSE, together with the symmetric conjugates to the extant Phoenix magnetic lineations.
New Geochemical Support for Mixing-Zone Dolomitization at Golden Grove, Barbados

Dolomite occurs in the Golden Grove reef terrace of late Pleistocene age in southeastern Barbados, where fore-reef lithologies have been partially to completely dolomitized. Interpretation of the possible modes of formation of this dolomite has been a subject of disagreement for over a decade. Among the points of contention are the timing of deposition, dolomitization and dolomite cement precipitation, and the relationship of replacement dolomite with dolomite cement. Data from this study indicate that dolomitization occurred during a single relative sea-level fall following reef development at marine oxygen isotope stage 7.3, at approximately 216 ka. Replacement dolomitization affected both micritic matrix and skeletal grains. During or after replacement dolomitization, dolomite and calcite cements filled primary and secondary pores. The cement paragenesis comprises early dolomite cement, complexly banded cements of alternating calcite and dolomite, late dolomite cement of near-stoichiometric composition, and a final phase of blocky calcite cement. Replacement dolomitization and cement precipitation represent a continuum of processes resulting from progressive modification of diagenetic fluids. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope and strontium elemental compositions of replacive dolomite, dolomite cements, and calcite cements indicate that dolomitization occurred in a mixing zone between marine and meteoric groundwaters occupying the reef terrace shortly after deposition. Dolomite oxygen isotope values range from +0.18 to +3.85‰ PDB, and become progressively more depleted throughout the paragenesis, indicating a greater influence of meteoric water through time. Remarkably depleted carbon isotope compositions, for both replacement dolomite and dolomite cement (−9.53 to −23.04‰ PDB), originated from oxidation of thermogenic methane advected from the underlying accretionary complex. Methane was oxidized in marine waters that subsequently mixed with meteoric waters, as evidenced by a progressive enrichment in carbon isotope composition throughout the paragenesis. Dolomite strontium contents are substantially elevated above those expected for marine dolomitization, ranging from 640 to 1650 ppm, and increasing throughout the paragenesis. Meteoric water provided the excess strontium, as aragonite-to-calcite transformation in the exposed reef terrace increased the fluid Sr/Ca ratio. The continuum of geochemical compositions between the replacement dolomite and dolomite cement argues for their genetic association. These new data provide additional support to the mixing-zone interpretation for Golden Grove, and that the model of mixing-zone dolomitization remains viable.
The influence of nutrition on neural and behavioral development: III. Development of some motor, particularly locomotor patterns during infancy

The locomotor development of infant rats nursed by mothers that had free access to food during lactation or were fed during that period 40% or 20% of the ad lib diet were compared. The “spontaneous” emergence or disappearance of several locomotor patterns were sampled daily in an open field situation, and the development of others was studied by inducing them in test situations. The spontaneous motor patterns included general locomotor activity, pivoting, head lifting, and standing on the hindlegs. The induced activities were hanging and moving on a suspended horizontal string, clinging to and descending on vertical ropes, climbing up on a rod, and homing in various test situations. The motor performance of the severely undernourished animals (offspring of mothers on a 20% diet) was inferior to normals in all the observations. This was manifested most commonly in reduced frequency or speed in the performance of certain acts, and in some cases in the prolonged persistence of infantile motor patterns or a delay in the appearance of more advanced patterns.
Microthermal Stage for Electrothermal Characterization of Phase-Change Memory

This letter describes a novel experimental structure that captures the impact of rapid temperature transients and repetitive cycling on the thermal and electrical properties of Ge2 Sb2Te5 (GST). The microthermal stage dramatically improves the temporal resolution for heating and enables simultaneous thermal and electrical characterizations. Thermal conductivity measurements show phase transitions of GST accompanied by abrupt changes in electrical resistance. Repetitive cycling with durations down to 100 ns produces melt-quenched amorphous GST with the thermal conductivity 40% lower than that of crystalline GST. Recrystallization increases conductivity but not up to the value achieved by long-timescale bulk annealing. This is potentially because the rapidly recrystallized GST contains more disorder near the interface.
Sensitization of Pancreatic Cancers to Gemcitabine Chemoradiation by WEE1 Kinase Inhibition Depends on Homologous Recombination Repair

To improve the efficacy of chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer and begin to establish patient selection criteria, we investigated the combination of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 with gemcitabine-radiation in homologous recombination (HR) repair proficient and deficient pancreatic cancers. Sensitization to gemcitabine-radiation by AZD1775 was assessed in pancreatic cancer cells by clonogenic survival and in patient-derived xenografts by tumor growth. The contributions of HR repair inhibition and G2 checkpoint abrogation to sensitization were assessed by γH2AX, BRCA2 manipulation, and RAD51 focus formation and pHistone H3 flow cytometry, respectively. We found that AZD1775 sensitized to gemcitabine-radiation in BRCA2 wild-type but not BRCA2 mutant pancreatic cancer cells. In all cells, AZD1775 caused inhibition of CDK1 phosphorylation and G2 checkpoint abrogation. However, sensitization by AZD1775 was associated with persistent γH2AX and inhibition of RAD51 focus formation. In HR-proficient (BRCA2 wild-type) or -deficient (BRAC2 null) isogenic cells, AZD1775 sensitized to gemcitabine-radiation in BRCA2 wild-type, but not in BRCA2 null cells, despite significant G2 checkpoint abrogation. In patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenografts, AZD1775 significantly inhibited tumor growth and impaired RAD51 focus formation in response to gemcitabine-radiation. In conclusion, WEE1 inhibition by AZD1775 is an effective strategy for sensitizing pancreatic cancers to gemcitabine chemoradiation. Although this sensitization is accompanied by inhibition of CDK1 phosphorylation and G2 checkpoint abrogation, this mechanism is not sufficient for sensitization. Our findings demonstrate that sensitization to chemoradiation by WEE1 inhibition results from inhibition of HR repair and suggest that patient tumors without underlying HR defects would benefit most from this therapy.
The Distribution and Habitat Preferences of Freshwater Sponges (Porifera) in Four Southern Lake Michigan Harbors

Abstract Three species of freshwater sponges (Porifera): Spongilla lacustris (Linneaus), Eunapius fragilis (Leidy) and Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkuhn) were identified in four southern Lake Michigan harbors: Belmont (IL), East Chicago (IN), Michigan City (IN) and St. Joseph (MI). Samples were collected from artificial substrates and are the first report of sponges in three of the harbors. Sponge cover on revetment walls, stone rip-rap and wood pier posts ranged up to 13% of the available surface area, whereas no sponges were growing on the soft silt bottom. Eunapius fragilis appeared to be the most common species. An angle-density relationship was observed for sponges growing on the stone rip-rap in Michigan City and East Chicago; as the orientation of the attachment substrate changed from horizontal to vertical, the density of sponges increased.
Potential Exposure to Arsenic from Infant Rice Cereal

Abstract Background Rice is known to be high in arsenic, including in infant rice cereal. Although arsenic in drinking water is currently regulated, there are currently no US regulations regarding arsenic concentrations in food. Objective We used published values to estimate arsenic exposure via rice cereal relative to breast milk or formula for 6- to 12-month-old infants in the general US population. Results We found that arsenic exposure from 3 servings of rice cereal exceeded that of formula made with water containing arsenic at 10 μg/L, the US Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that rice cereal can markedly increase arsenic exposure among US infants relative to breast milk and formula.
A Study of Issuing Area Navigation (RNAV) Routing Changes in Terminal Airspace

Forecasted traffic increases are driving demand for more efficient, predictable, and flexible ways of managing traffic in terminal environments. A key component to achieving those benefits is the increased availability of Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures. RNAV and RNP procedures, where implemented today, provide benefits of efficiency and operational predictability. Achieving flexibility, while maintaining those benefits, is proposed by issuing RNAV procedure changes to the flight deck in lieu of radar vectoring. Understanding the human factors implications involved with this operational shift will be important to ensure workload is not substantially increased for either the pilot or the controller. This document describes an initial study of pilot task load and resulting workload and latency incurred when routing changes are issued in the flight critical phase of departure via a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation. Scenarios, conducted using pilots in a flight deck simulator, assessed the impact of modality (voice or text-issued) and of the aircraft’s altitude on processing two types of RNAV routing changes. Pilot workload, task success, task completion time, and errors incurred in performing the routing change task are presented. Results suggest the routing change task performed in the terminal environment may be more complex than expected. Although generally acceptable pilot workload levels were reported, the magnitude of latency for processing the routing change task was considerable. Additionally, FMS user interface issues emerged with the processing of routing changes in-flight. Pilot workload and latency issues related to the routing change task warrant further evaluation to ensure they are fully understood.