cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of School-Based Health Centers for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Visits: A Mixed-Methods Study.

BACKGROUND Countries with high human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates have achieved this success largely through school-based vaccination. Using school-based health centers (SBHCs) in the United States, where HPV vaccine remains underutilized, could improve uptake. In this mixed-methods study, we examined acceptability, facilitators, and barriers of HPV vaccination visits at SBHCs from the perspectives of adolescents and parents. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews and structured surveys with adolescents and parents recruited from an urban, hospital-based clinic. Interviews with parents (N = 20) and adolescents (N = 20) were audio-recorded and transcribed for analysis using an iterative thematic approach. Quantitative measures for a survey administered to parents (N = 131) were derived from the qualitative findings. Survey results were analyzed by chi-square tests. RESULTS Many participants expressed favorable opinions of HPV vaccination at SBHCs in qualitative interviews. Facilitators included convenience, ease of scheduling, and not missing work or school. However, barriers were noted including concerns about obtaining care outside the medical home, fragmentation of medical records, and negative perceptions about SBHCs. Quantitative findings revealed that a higher proportion of parents with experience using SBHCs were willing to use a middle school (59.5%) or high school (80.5%) SBHC for HPV vaccinations compared with those who had not used SBHCs (p < .05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination visits at SBHCs were acceptable, and SBHC users expressed more favorable attitudes. Barriers to HPV vaccination at SBHCs can be addressed through more education about SBHCs' role, and improvement of systems to coordinate care.
Transmural variation in elastin fiber orientation distribution in the arterial wall.

The complex three-dimensional elastin network is a major load-bearing extracellular matrix (ECM) component of an artery. Despite the reported anisotropic behavior of arterial elastin network, it is usually treated as an isotropic material in constitutive models. Our recent multiphoton microscopy study reported a relatively uniform elastin fiber orientation distribution in porcine thoracic aorta when imaging from the intima side (Chow et al., 2014). However it is questionable whether the fiber orientation distribution obtained from a small depth is representative of the elastin network structure in the arterial wall, especially when developing structure-based constitutive models. To date, the structural basis for the anisotropic mechanical behavior of elastin is still not fully understood. In this study, we examined the transmural variation in elastin fiber orientation distribution in porcine thoracic aorta and its association with elastin anisotropy. Using multi-photon microscopy, we observed that the elastin fibers orientation changes from a relatively uniform distribution in regions close to the luminal surface to a more circumferential distribution in regions that dominate the media, then to a longitudinal distribution in regions close to the outer media. Planar biaxial tensile test was performed to characterize the anisotropic behavior of elastin network. A new structure-based constitutive model of elastin network was developed to incorporate the transmural variation in fiber orientation distribution. The new model well captures the anisotropic mechanical behavior of elastin network under both equi- and nonequi-biaxial loading and showed improvements in both fitting and predicting capabilities when compared to a model that only considers the fiber orientation distribution from the intima side. We submit that the transmural variation in fiber orientation distribution is important in characterizing the anisotropic mechanical behavior of elastin network and should be considered in constitutive modeling of an artery.
The Complete Plastome Sequence Of Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene (Plantaginaceae).

The genus Penstemon is an emerging model for the study of continental adaptive radiation. We report here the first complete plastome sequence for this genus. The P. fruticosus (shrubby, or brush pe...
Association characteristic study and preliminary recovery investigation of rare earth elements from Fire Clay seam coal middlings

Abstract Rare earth element (REE) recovery from coal and coal byproducts using physical and/or chemical methods has been the focus of recent investigations due to concerns over worldwide supply. In the current study, the association characteristics of REEs and the recovery of REEs from the organic and inorganic components were systematically studied for a Fire Clay seam coal source. The coal sample was ground in a stirred ball mill and treated by froth flotation in stages to obtain clean coal concentrates and tailing samples. The clean coal concentrate from the first stage was re-ground to liberate more micro-dispersed mineral matter followed by flotation. After six grinding and recovery stages, the cumulative grinding time was 110 min, which reduced the particle size from 90% passing 84.3 μm to 4.5 μm. Analyses conducted on the tailing samples collected from each stage revealed that the REEs have a strong association with micro-dispersed kaolinite. The REE content in the tailings material increased from around 580 ppm to 1200 ppm on an ash basis. The ratio of heavy-to-light REEs in both the clean coal concentrates and tailing samples increased, which indicated a stronger affinity between the heavy REEs and the finest mineral matter grains in the organic matrix. Based on these findings, REE concentration tests were performed using froth flotation, magnetic separation and acid leaching. A product containing nearly 7000 ppm of REEs was achieved from a feed containing 500 ppm REEs using a batch WHIMS unit. The elemental content indicated that the rare earth mineral in the concentrate was primarily monazite. Leaching the high ash content fractions generated from the sequential grinding and flotation steps using 1 M nitric acid resulted in recovering more than 80% of total REEs with the exception of scandium. A lower recovery value obtained for scandium indicated a unique association with the mineral matter relative to the other REEs.
Fundus Densitometry Findings Suggest Optic Disc Hemorrhages in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Have an Arterial Origin

Purpose To analyze optic disc hemorrhages (DH) associated with primary open-angle glaucoma by quantifying their geometric profile and comparing their densitometry with hemorrhages from retinal vein occlusions (RVO) and retinal macroaneurysms (MA), which have venous and arterial sources of bleeding, respectively. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods Setting: Massachusetts Eye & Ear. Population: Fundus images of DH (n = 40), MA (n = 14), and RVO (n = 25) were identified. Patient clinical backgrounds and demographics were obtained. Main Outcome Measures: Grayscale pixel intensity units of hemorrhages and adjacent arteriole and venule over the same background tissue were measured. Densitometry differentials (arteriole or venule minus hemorrhage [ΔA and ΔV, respectively]) were calculated. The ratios of length (radial) to midpoint width for DH were calculated. Mean ΔA and ΔV between groups were compared with t tests. Multiple linear regression assessed the relation of retinal hemorrhage diagnosis to ΔA and ΔV and of DH shape to ΔA and ΔV. Results Mean (± standard deviation) ΔA and ΔV for DH (6.9 ± 7.1 and −4.7 ± 8.0 pixel intensity units, respectively) and MA (5.3 ± 5.9 and −6.0 ± 4.6, respectively) were comparable ( P ≥ .43). Mean ΔA (14.6 ± 7.7) and ΔV (6.4 ± 6.3) for RVO were significantly higher compared to DH and MA ( P P ≤ .014). Conclusions DH have densitometry profiles comparable to MA and different from RVO, suggesting that DH in glaucoma have an arterial origin.
Case 84: A Neonatal Emergency

A neonate with gastroschisis has been admitted. Besides the gastroschisis the child has an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) but does not have Down’s syndrome or any cardiac anomalies. The child is brought to the operating room, and you provide a routine general anesthetic. The child is doing well. With your assistance, the anesthesia resident places a percutaneously central line. Through this line you hydrate the child with appropriate IV fluids.
Configurational Forces and the Dynamics of Planar Cracks in Three-Dimensional Bodies

This paper develops a three-dimensional framework for the evolution of planar cracks, concentrating on the derivation of balances and constitutive equations that describe the motion of the crack tip. The theory is based on the notion of configurational forces in conjunction with a mechanical version of the second law.
Vital properties and Afro-Brazilian lives: on promiscuities of gentrification and personhood in Salvador, Bahia’s Pelourinho Historical Center

To argue that gentrification is one facet of capitalist property regimes is rather obvious. But to demonstrate how the relations usually bundled as gentrification come to play a key role in the con...
Partial hepatic resections for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: perioperative outcomes

Abstract Study objective Partial hepatic resection reduces tumor burden in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, thereby improving quality and length of life. These procedures can be challenging as well as life-threatening. Our aim was to evaluate our patients' perioperative outcomes and propose a definition for an intraoperative carcinoid crisis relevant to this surgery, given its unique surgical considerations. Design Retrospective study. Setting Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Patients One hundred sixty-nine patients undergoing partial hepatic resection for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors between 1997 and 2015 were identified retrospectively from a surgical database at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Interventions None. Measurements Intraoperative carcinoid crisis for patients undergoing hepatic resection of neuroendocrine tumors was defined. Patients' medical records were reviewed and data were abstracted describing patient and procedural characteristics and perioperative outcomes. Main results There were no documented cases of carcinoid crisis (0.0%, 95% C.I. 0.0% to 2.2%). One patient developed clinical findings of an emerging carcinoid crisis, but was successfully treated with doses of octreotide and findings resolved in Conclusions There were no documented cases of carcinoid crisis (0.0%, 95% C.I. 0.0% to 2.2%). Adverse events were infrequent.
CHAPTER 6 – Phylogeny of the Pelecaniformes: Molecular Systematics of a Privative Group

Phylogenetic hypotheses are the critical framework for understanding macroevolutionary patterns and interpreting comparative evolutionary data. Quantitative comparative analysis of the patterns in molecular, behavioral, and morphological evolution requires detailed phylogenies, particularly when character states and transformation series are incompletely known. For these reasons, a better understanding of higher order phylogenies is crucial when group monophyly is problematic and a major evolutionary change has occurred. Understanding the phylogenetic relationships of the pelecaniform birds, therefore, is central to the larger question of understanding the higher level relationships among nonpasserine birds. Critical assessment of the higher order relationships among nonpasserines is one of the most critical issues in avian systematics, and a crucial problem at present is whether the Pelecaniformes is monophyletic. Molecular studies suggest that Pelecaniformes is not monophyletic and the former members are instead grouped with other early branching groups. If these molecular-based studies are validated and Pelecaniformes is dismantled, then the traditional morphological framework that forms the basis for most phylogenetic assumptions in avian systematics is clearly in need of re-examination, as it pertains to modern systematics research.
Regulated versus negotiated access pricing in vertically separated railway systems

This paper studies access pricing under three regimes: regulated access (VSR), negotiated access with discriminatory pricing (VSD) and negotiated access with non-discriminatory pricing (VSN). We compare each regime along three metrics: network quality, consumer surplus, and social welfare. To do so, we use a three-stage game, in which the regulator can commit to the access tariff under VSR and the network firm and the transport operators need to bargain over the access tariff under VSD and VSN. Each approach is second best, resulting in equilibrium qualities and quantities that are less than first-best levels, and the comparison between regulated and negoitated access is ambiguous. However, under a wide range of circumstances VSD and VSN result in greater investment to upgrade network quality than VSR. Computational analysis reveals that if the bargaining power of the network firm under negotiated access is sufficiently strong, VSD tends to result in higher social welfare than VSR. However, VSR often results in higher consumer surplus.
Chimeric mouse model for MRI contrast agent evaluation

PURPOSE While rodents are the primary animal models for contrast agent evaluation, rodents can potentially misrepresent human organ clearance of newly developed contrast agents. For example, gadolinium (Gd)-BOPTA has ~50% hepatic clearance in rodents, but ~5% in humans. This study demonstrates the benefit of chimeric mice expressing human hepatic OATPs (organic anion-transporting polypeptides) to improve evaluation of novel contrast agents for clinical use. METHODS FVB (wild-type) and OATP1B1/1B3 knock-in mice were injected with hepatospecific MRI contrast agents (Gd-EOB-DTPA, Gd-BOPTA) and nonspecific Gd-DTPA. T1 -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed on mice injected intravenously. Hepatic MRI signal enhancement was calculated per time point. Mass of gadolinium cleared per time point and percentage elimination by means of feces and urine were also measured. RESULTS Following intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA in chimeric OATP1B1/1B3 knock-in mice, hepatic MRI signal enhancement and elimination by liver was more reflective of human hepatic clearance than that measured in wild-type mice. Gd-BOPTA hepatic MRI signal enhancement was reduced to 22% relative to wild-type mice. Gd-BOPTA elimination in wild-type mice was 83% fecal compared with 32% fecal in chimeric mice. Hepatic MRI signal enhancement and elimination for Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA were similar between wild-type and chimeric cohorts. CONCLUSION Hepatic MRI signal enhancement and elimination of Gd-EOB-DTPA, Gd-BOPTA, and Gd-DTPA in chimeric OATP1B1/1B3 knock-in mice closely mimics that seen in humans. This study provides evidence that the chimeric knock-in mouse is a more useful screening tool for novel MRI contrast agents destined for clinical use as compared to the traditionally used wild-type models.
EXCISION REPAIR IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

ABSTRACT Excision repair after combined treatments of UV and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAAF) was studied by three different techniques in cells proficient in UV excision repair and in cells deficient in UV repair. Two patterns of repair were observed: A) in repair proficient cells total repair was additive, and B) in repair deficient cells total repair was much less than additive—usually less than observed for separate treatments—and AAAF inhibited dimer excision. We conclude that in the 1st class of cells pathways for repair of UV and AAAF lesions are not identical, and in the 2nd class the residual excision enzymes are different from those in repair proficient cells.
After Gestational Diabetes: Impact of Pregnancy Interval on Recurrence and Type 2 Diabetes

The contribution of pregnancy interval after gestational diabetes (GDM) to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) onset is a poorly understood but potentially modifiable factor for T2DM prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of GDM recurrence and/or delivery interval on follow-up care and T2DM onset in a sample of continuously insured women with a term livebirth within 3 years of a GDM-affected delivery. This is a secondary analysis of a cohort of 12,622 women with GDM, 2006-2012, drawn from a national administrative data system (OptumLabs Data Warehouse). We followed 1091 women with GDM who had a subsequent delivery within 3 years of their index delivery. GDM recurred in 49.3% of subsequent pregnancies regardless of the interval to the next conception. Recurrence tripled the odds of early T2DM onset within 3 years of the second delivery. Women with GDM recurrence had greater likelihood of glucose testing in that 3-year interval, but not transition to primary care for continued monitoring, as required by both American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. In multivariable analysis, we found a trend toward increased likelihood of T2DM onset for short interpregnancy intervals (≤1 year vs. 3 year, 0.08). Pregnancy interval may play a previously unrecognized role in progression to T2DM. T2DM onset after GDM can be prevented or mitigated, but many women in even this insured sample did not receive recommended follow-up monitoring and preventive care, even after a GDM recurrence. The postpartum visit may be an ideal time to inform patients about T2DM prevention opportunities, and discuss potential benefits of optimal spacing of future pregnancies.
Usability of encounter data for Medicaid comprehensive managed care vs traditional Medicaid fee-for-service claims among pregnant women

Background The completeness of medical encounters capture among Medicaid enrollees in comprehensive managed care (CMC) has been shown to vary across states and years. CMC penetration has grown, and CMC encounter capture specific to pregnancy care is understudied. Objectives To compare the completeness of encounter data for pregnant beneficiaries in CMC versus traditional fee-for-service (FFS) in Texas and Florida between 2007 and 2010. Methods Using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data linked to Florida and Texas birth certificate records, for each state and study year, we compared proportions using seven themes: (a) delivery; (b) prenatal visits; (c) dispensed prescriptions during pregnancy; (d) gestational diabetes and blood glucose testing; (e) antidiabetics and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; (f) antibiotics for urinary tract infection and outpatient encounter; and (g) bacterial vaginosis and dispensing for metronidazole or clindamycin. We considered CMC data to be acceptable if proportions were no less than 10% below the corresponding (2007 to 2010) FFS control values. Results Pregnancy-related characteristics of FFS vs CMC denominators were comparable. Proportions for the seven measures among FFS controls ranged from 26% to 98%. In Texas, CMC encounter data met the thresholds for all measures between 2007 and 2010. Florida had usable CMC encounter data starting from 2009 with incomplete medical and pharmacy records in 2007 and 2008. Conclusions The quality of CMC encounter data in MAX files for pregnant women varied in Florida and Texas and improved over time. Use of pregnancy-specific measures can aid researchers in selecting states and years with acceptable encounter data quality.
Examining the Online Expression of Ideology among Far-Right Extremist Forum Users

Over the last decade, there has been an increased focus among researchers on the role of the Internet among actors and groups across the political and ideological spectrum. There has been particula...
Recent developments in nickel-catalyzed intermolecular dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes

Nickel-catalyzed three-component alkene difunctionalization has rapidly emerged as a powerful tool for forging two C–C bonds in a single reaction. Building upon the powerful modes of bond construction in traditional two-component cross-coupling, various research groups have demonstrated the versatility of nickel in enabling catalytic 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization using a wide range of carbon-based electrophiles and nucleophiles and in a fully intermolecular fashion. Though this area has emerged only recently, the last few years have witnessed a proliferation of publications on this topic, underscoring the potential of this strategy to develop into a general platform that offers high regio- and stereoselectivity. This minireview highlights the recent progress in the area of intermolecular 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes via nickel catalysis and discusses lingering challenges within this reactivity paradigm.
10 – Defining Facets

Publisher Summary Facets can be defined in one of the two forms. This includes item declarations or direct definitions. Item declarations use the same form as used with other Rosetta items. The facet direct definition creates a new item and assigns a value to it in one syntactic expression. The item is defined as a facet and the value is a facet value. The facet definition is opened by the facet keyword and terminated by end facet. The facet definition may be preceded by a collection of use clauses that specify packages to be included in the definition. The scope of all declarations, parameters, and imported packages is the region between the facet and end keywords. The chapter further illustrates parameters, which are unconstrained and may be used as inputs, outputs, design parameters, or any other system parameter. However, a universally quantified facet parameter declaration has the same syntax as a parameter has, except no kind can be specified. Parameters and items defined as universally quantified parameters differ in that the latter need not be instantiated when the facet is used. Instead, their values can be determined using type inference and unification techniques during facet instantiation and type checking.
Research and trends in STEM education: a systematic review of journal publications

With the rapid increase in the number of scholarly publications on STEM education in recent years, reviews of the status and trends in STEM education research internationally support the development of the field. For this review, we conducted a systematic analysis of 798 articles in STEM education published between 2000 and the end of 2018 in 36 journals to get an overview about developments in STEM education scholarship. We examined those selected journal publications both quantitatively and qualitatively, including the number of articles published, journals in which the articles were published, authorship nationality, and research topic and methods over the years. The results show that research in STEM education is increasing in importance internationally and that the identity of STEM education journals is becoming clearer over time.
Phosphorus digestibility and bioavailability in soybean meal, spray-dried plasma protein, and meat and bone meal determined using different methods

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine phosphorus (P) digestibility and bioavailability using different methods. The objective of the first experiment was to determine ileal P digestibility of soybean meal (SBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), and spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) using a precision-fed broiler chick assay. This assay involved feeding 8 g of SBM, MBM, or SDPP to broiler chicks at 21 D of age. At 6 h after feeding, ileal digesta were collected. Ileal P digestibility of SBM, MBM, and SDPP was 64, 42, and 94%, respectively. In the second experiment, ileal P digestibility and excreta P retention of SBM, SDPP, and MBM were determined using an ad libitum fed chick assay. On day 17 of age, chicks were placed on 1 of 12 dietary treatments that consisted of diets containing increasing levels of SBM, SDPP, or MBM. On day 21, ileal digesta and excreta were collected. True ileal P digestibility and true excreta P retention estimated using regression of ileal P or excreta P output on dietary P content yielded true ileal P digestibility values for SBM, SDPP, and MBM (2 diet methods for MBM) to be 83, 98, 61, and 23%, respectively. True excreta P retention values for SBM, SDPP, and MBM (2 methods) were determined to be 51, 99, 32, and 53%, respectively. The third experiment determined bioavailability of P in SBM, SDPP, and MBM relative to KH2PO4 using a chick bone ash bioassay. Dietary treatments included a P-deficient cornstarch–dextrose–SBM diet supplemented with 2 increasing levels of P from KH2PO4, SBM, SDPP, or MBM. Bioavailability of P based on tibia ash estimated using the multiple regression slope ratio method was 36, 125, and 76% for SBM, SDPP, and MBM, respectively, relative to KH2PO4. The results of this study indicated the digestibility/relative bioavailability of the P in SDPP was very high for all 3 methods, but values for SBM and MBM varied greatly among different methods.
Postdisaster Labor-Demand Surge in the US Highways, Roads, and Bridges Construction Sector

AbstractThe swift and cost-efficient postdisaster reconstruction of highways, roads, and bridges is a necessary component of resilient transportation infrastructure systems. However, the US constru...
The Labour of Austerity: Absurdity, Performative Resistance, and Cultural Transformation

This essay explores the social-psychic toll of prolonged austerity on academic librarians and the range of strategies that have (or could) serve as tools of resistance. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and autoethnography, I examine the emotional impact of bottomless and invisible labour imposed by austerity and the ways institutions use emotional coercion to promote self-surveillance, meta-work, and hyper-productivity. Following this analysis, I discuss the ways that oppressive institutional cultures silence dissent and absorb common resistance tactics advocated by educators. Finally, I introduce several examples of performance-based resistance projects and explore how creative, personal, and absurd forms of protest might be used to critique and transform the culture of work and our affective experience as knowledge workers in the neoliberal academy.
REMOD: Relation Extraction for Modeling Online Discourse

The enormous amount of discourse taking place online poses challenges to the functioning of a civil and informed public sphere. Efforts to standardize online discourse data, such as ClaimReview, are making available a wealth of new data about potentially inaccurate claims, reviewed by third-party fact-checkers. These data could help shed light on the nature of online discourse, the role of political elites in amplifying it, and its implications for the integrity of the online information ecosystem. Unfortunately, the semi-structured nature of much of this data presents significant challenges when it comes to modeling and reasoning about online discourse. A key challenge is relation extraction, which is the task of determining the semantic relationships between named entities in a claim. Here we develop a novel supervised learning method for relation extraction that combines graph embedding techniques with path traversal on semantic dependency graphs. Our approach is based on the intuitive observation that knowledge of the entities along the path between the subject and object of a triple (e.g. Washington,_D.C.}, and United_States_of_America) provides useful information that can be leveraged for extracting its semantic relation (i.e. capitalOf). As an example of a potential application of this technique for modeling online discourse, we show that our method can be integrated into a pipeline to reason about potential misinformation claims.
Food Compass is a nutrient profiling system using expanded characteristics for assessing healthfulness of foods

Nutrient profiling systems (NPS) aim to discriminate the healthfulness of foods for front-of-package labelling, warning labels, taxation, company ratings and more. Existing NPS often assess relatively few nutrients and ingredients, use inconsistent criteria across food categories and have not incorporated the newest science. Here, we developed and validated an NPS, the Food Compass, to incorporate a broader range of food characteristics, attributes and uniform scoring principles. We scored 54 attributes across 9 health-relevant domains: nutrient ratios, vitamins, minerals, food ingredients, additives, processing, specific lipids, fibre and protein, and phytochemicals. The domain scores were summed into a final Food Compass Score (FCS) ranging from 1 (least healthy) to 100 (most healthy) for all foods and beverages. Content validity was confirmed by assessing nutrients, food ingredients and other characteristics of public health concern; face validity was confirmed by assessing the FCS for 8,032 foods and beverages reported in NHANES/FNDDS 2015–16; and convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed from comparisons with the NOVA food processing classification, the Health Star Rating and the Nutri-Score. The FCS differentiated food categories and food items well, with mean ± s.d. ranging from 16.4 ± 17.7 for savoury snacks and sweet desserts to 78.6 ± 17.4 for legumes, nuts and seeds. In many food categories, the FCS provided important discrimination of specific foods and beverages as compared with NOVA, the Health Star Rating or the Nutri-Score. On the basis of demonstrated content, convergent and discriminant validity, the Food Compass provides an NPS scoring a broader range of attributes and domains than previous systems with uniform and transparent principles. This publicly available tool will help guide consumer choice, research, food policy, industry reformulations and mission-focused investment decisions. A nutrient profiling system is developed to incorporate 54 attributes across 9 domains, bringing together a broad and unique range of food characteristics and uniform scoring principles. The Food Compass presents a detailed profiling system for the healthfulness of foods.
DeePOE: Deep Learning for Position and Orientation Estimation

We propose a deep learning framework for solving the problem of position and orientation estimation (DeePOE) of a radio frequency (RF) transmitter using the in-phase $(I)$ and quadrature-phase $(Q)$ components of the RF signal data. Our goal is to demonstrate a proof of concept system with an end-to-end implementation in order to overcome the shortcomings of state-of-the-art joint position and orientation estimation systems. The proposed DeePOE framework consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) which is designed to exploit latent features present within the received raw I/Q signal data. This enables receivers equipped with the DeePOE framework to predict the position and orientation of a transmitter, relative to itself in a predefined coordinate system, solely from physical layer information. DeePOE jointly optimizes the position and orientation estimation objectives using transfer learning, iteratively over the training epochs. In order to validate and refine the DeePOE framework, we perform real-world (indoor and outdoor) experiments using 16 GB of raw I/Q data collected with directional emitters placed in various orientations and at different distances (positions) from both directional and omnidirectional receivers. The framework achieves on average a F 1 score of 0.922 for the task of predicting 12 orientations from the data collected using an omnidirectional antenna. It also yields F 1 score of 0.847 for data collected with a directional antenna which involves predicting 48 orientations. DeePOE achieves on average F 1 score of 0.963 for predicting the transmitter position with respect to the receiver placed at a known location, for all the cases.
Neuronal excitability and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type II: Location, location, location

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) is a highly abundant serine/threonine kinase comprising a significant fraction of total protein in mammalian forebrain and forming a major component of the postsynaptic density. CaMKII is essential for certain forms of synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation and this is mediated through substrate binding and intramolecular phosphorylation of holoenzyme subunits. CaMKII is multifunctional; it targets a variety of cellular substrates, and this diversity depends on holoenzyme subunit composition. CaMKII comprises homooligomeric and heterooligomeric complexes generated from four subunits (α, β, δ, and γ) encoded by separate genes that are further expanded by extensive alternative splicing to more than 30 different isoforms. Much attention has been paid to understanding the regulation of CaMKII function through its structural diversity and/or substrate specificity. However, given the importance of subunit composition to holoenzyme activity, it is likely that specificity of cellular expression of CaMKII isoforms also plays a major role in regulation of enzyme function. Herein we review the cellular colocalization of CaMKII isoforms with special regard to the cell-type specificity of isoform expression in brain. In addition, we highlight the remarkable specificity of subcellular localization by the CaMKIIα isoform. In addition, we discuss the role that this cellular specificity of expression might play in propagating the type of recurrent neuronal activity associated with disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy.
Phosphorylation of Casein: ROLE OF THE GOLGI APPARATUS

A protein kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of dephosphorylated αs1-casein by ATP has been found in the Golgi apparatus of lactating rat mammary gland. This enzyme has more than 10 times the specific activity of the protein kinases in other subcellular fractions. When native αs1-casein is used as the substrate, the rate of phosphorus incorporation decreases by 77%. This suggests that phosphorylation of casein may occur in the Golgi apparatus following biosynthesis of the polypeptide chain.
Conserved Self Pattern Recognition Algorithm

Self-nonself model makes a lot of sense in the mechanisms of self versus nonself recognition in the immune system but it failed to explain a great number of findings. Some new immune theory is proposed to accommodate incompatible new findings, including Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Model and Danger Theory. Inspired from the PRRs model, a novel approach called Conserved Self Pattern Recognition Algorithm (CSPRA) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is tested using the famous benchmark Fisher's Iris data. Preliminary results demonstrate that the new approach lowers the false positive and thus enhances the efficiency and reliability for anomaly detection without increase in complexity comparing to the classical Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA).
A composite picture of the menstrual cycle.

Abstract Ten ovulating women were studied to assess the interrelationships of various systemic, hormonal, and reproductive tract changes during normal menstrual cycles. Samples of blood, 24 hour urine specimens, vaginal smears, and cervical mucus were obtained every 2 days pre- and post-menstrually and daily in mid-cycle. Endometrial biopsies were performed at the onset of or immediately before menstruation, and the basal body temperature was recorded. Data for 10 cycles were fed into a computer, and mean reciprocal relationships were determined. The results were: (1) All endometrial biopsies reflected the late secretory phase; (2) there was a simultaneous mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and serum concentrations of FSH and LH were significantly lower in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase; (3) urinary peaks of estrone, estradiol and total estrogens occurred on the day before and that of estriol occurred on the day of the LH surge; (4) serum progesterone began to rise just before the LH peak, reached a high level 7 days after the LH peak, declined precipitately on Day 9, and rose again on Day 10, to decrease slowly until the onset of menstruation; (5) a significant relationship was observed between the LH peak and the basal body temperature; (6) urinary pregnanediol levels closely paralleled serum progesterone concentrations; (7) vaginal cytology revealed a karyopyknotic index peak the day following the LH peak; (8) properties of cervical mucus showed a remarkable relationship to the ovulatory estrogen peak.
la difícil construccIón de la ciudadanía pluriétnica: el zapatismo en el contexto latinoamericano

Resumen es: En las ultimas dos decadas hemos visto el surgimiento y evolucion en distintos paises latinoamericanos de movimientos indigenas que exigen reconocimiento...
Donor‐Specific CD8+Foxp3+ T Cells Protect Skin Allografts and Facilitate Induction of Conventional CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells

CD4(+) regulatory T cells play a critical role in tolerance induction in transplantation. CD8(+) suppressor T cells have also been shown to control alloimmune responses in preclinical and clinical models. However, the exact nature of the CD8(+) suppressor T cells, their induction and mechanism of function in allogeneic transplantation remain elusive. In this study, we show that functionally suppressive, alloantigen-specific CD8(+) Foxp3(+) T cells can be induced and significantly expanded by stimulating naive CD8(+) T cells with donor dendritic cells in the presence of IL-2, TGF-β1 and retinoic acid. These CD8(+) Foxp3(+) T cells express enhanced levels of CTLA-4, CCR4 and CD103, inhibit the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells, and suppress CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation and cytokine production in a donor-specific and contact-dependent manner. Importantly, upon adoptive transfer, the induced CD8(+) Foxp3(+) T cells protect full MHC-mismatched skin allografts. In vivo, the CD8(+) Foxp3(+) T cells preferentially traffic to the graft draining lymph node where they induce conventional CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T cells and concurrently suppress effector T cell expansion. We conclude that donor-specific CD8(+) Foxp3(+) suppressor T cells can be induced and exploited as an effective form of cell therapy for graft protection in transplantation.
Correia Semantics Revisited

Despite a renewed interest in Richard Angell's logic of analytic containment ($${\mathsf{AC}}$$AC), the first semantics for $${\mathsf{AC}}$$AC introduced by Fabrice Correia has remained largely unexamined. This paper describes a reasonable approach to Correia semantics by means of a correspondence with a nine-valued semantics for $${\mathsf{AC}}$$AC. The present inquiry employs this correspondence to provide characterizations of a number of propositional logics intermediate between $${\mathsf{AC}}$$AC and classical logic. In particular, we examine Correia's purported characterization of classical logic with respect to his semantics, showing the condition Correia cites in fact characterizes the "logic of paradox" $${\mathsf{LP}}$$LP and provide a correct characterization. Finally, we consider some remarks on related matters, such as the applicability of the present correspondence to the analysis of the system $${\mathsf{AC}^{\ast}}$$AC* and an intriguing relationship between Correia's models and articular models for first degree entailment.
On the fractional solubility of copper in marine aerosols: Toxicity of aeolian copper revisited

[1] Paytan et al. (2009) argue that the atmospheric deposition of aerosols lead to copper concentrations that are potentially toxic to marine phytoplankton in a large area of tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. A key assumption in their model is that all marine aerosols (mineral dust and anthropogenic particles) have a high (40%) fractional solubility of copper. Our data show that the fractional solubility of copper for Saharan dust over the Sargasso Sea and Bermuda is significantly lower (1–7%). In contrast, anthropogenic aerosols with non-Saharan sources have significantly higher values (10–100%). Hence, the potential Cu toxicity in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic should be re-estimated, given the low fractional solubility of Cu in the Saharan dust that dominates aerosol deposition to this region.
Thymosin β4 significantly reduces the signs of dryness in a murine controlled adverse environment model of experimental dry eye.

Objective: Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that affects up to 20% of the population aged 45 and older. There are no successful treatments to date. The goal of this research was to determine ...
Development and Testing of a Scale to Assess Physician Attitudes about Handheld Computers with Decision Support

Objective: The authors developed and evaluated a rating scale, the Attitudes toward Handheld Decision Support Software Scale (H-DSS), to assess physician attitudes about handheld decision support systems. Design: The authors conducted a prospective assessment of psychometric characteristics of the H-DSS including reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Participants were 82 Internal Medicine residents. A higher score on each of the 14 five-point Likert scale items reflected a more positive attitude about handheld DSS. The H-DSS score is the mean across the fourteen items. Attitudes toward the use of the handheld DSS were assessed prior to and six months after receiving the handheld device. Statistics: Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Pearson correlations were used to estimate and detect significant associations between scale scores and other measures (validity). Paired sample t- tests were used to test for changes in the mean attitude scale score (responsiveness) and for differences between groups. Results: Internal consistency reliability for the scale was 0.73. In testing validity, moderate correlations were noted between the attitude scale scores and self-reported Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) usage in the hospital (correlation coefficient 0.55) and clinic (0.48), p 0.05 for both. The scale was responsive, in that it detected the expected increase in scores between the two administrations (3.99 (s.d. 0.35) vs. 4.08, (s.d. 0.34), p 0.005). Conclusion: The authors' evaluation showed that the H-DSS scale was reliable, valid, and responsive. The scale can be used to guide future handheld DSS development and implementation.
Neovascularization Induced by Intraocular Xenografts of Normal, Preneoplastic, and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Tissues

The capacity to induce neovascularization was compared in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic mouse mammary tumors from strains with a high incidence of tumors (C3H, C3H-Avy, C3H-AvyfB) by implantation of small biopsy fragments on the iris surface in New Zealand White rabbits. Proliferation of iris blood vessels was studied by: 1) direct, in vivo slit-lamp stereomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography; 2) filling of the microvasculature with colloidal carbon; and 3) histologic examination. Ninety percent of mammary tumor implants elicited iris neovascularization after 48-72 hours, regardless of their histologic classification or the presence or absence of mammary tumor virus. Corticosteroid treatment reduced immediate postoperative inflammation (12-36 hr) but did not abolish subsequent growth of new vessels. Necrotic tumor fragments failed to elicit any neovascular response. In contrast, only 6% of normal tissues from resting mammary glands caused any vasoproliferation. Hormone-stimulated mammary tissues from pregnant and lactating mice exhibited a transient neovascular capacity that was lost during postweaning involution. Of the implants from premalignant hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN's), 30% produced a pattern of vessel growth similar to that of tumor implants. D-1 line (HAN outgrowth) tissues, which have a predicted low incidence of tumors, induced significantly fewer neovascular responses (P less than 0.002) than morphologically and biochemically similar D-2 line tissues, which have a predicted high incidence of tumors. These data suggest that the capacity to induce neovascularization is acquired during malignant progression of mouse mammary tissues; therefore, demonstration of this property may be useful in the identification of those intermediate populations most at risk for neoplastic transformation.
Neuropsychological evaluation applied to vocational rehabilitation

On the surface, the use of neuropsychological evaluation to guide vocational rehabilitation does not appear controversial. However, complexities and discrepancies emerge when traditional uses of neuropsychological evaluation are reviewed and compared to the needs of vocational rehabilitation counselors. This article highlights differences in focus between traditional neuropsychological evaluations and vocational evaluations. It identifies ways to effectively merge them so that neuropsychological evaluations for vocational rehabilitation are mutually beneficial to neuropsychologists and vocational rehabilitation counselors.
Review of Recent Developments in Wave Rotor Combustion Technology

For some decades, efforts have been made to exploit nonsteady combustion and gas dynamic phenomenon. The theoretical potential of nonsteady-flow machines has led to the investigation of various oscillatory flow devices such as pulse detonation engines, wave rotors, pulse jets, and nonsteady ejectors. This paper aims to provide a progress review of past and current research in developing a particular combustion concept: the wave rotor combustor. This pressure-gain combustor appears to have considerable potential to enhance the performance and operating characteristics of gas turbine and jet engines. After attempts in the mid-twentieth century were thwarted by mechanical problems and technical challenges identified herein, recent successes in Switzerland and efforts in the United States benefited from design expertise developed with pressure-exchange wave rotors. The history, potential benefits, past setbacks, and existing challenges and obstacles in developing these nonsteady combustors are reviewed. This review focuses on recent efforts that seek to improve the performance and costs of future propulsion and power-generation systems.
Mesoporous Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Clad Waveguides

Optical waveguides were prepared by depositing a sol gel-derived titania film onto a silica substrate. The titania film is mesoporous, with pore sizes ranging from 3 to 8 nm. Deposition of the titania does not change the critical angle of total internal reflection. Thus, the titania-coated waveguides propagate light in an attenuated total reflection mode, despite the relatively high refractive index (n = 1.8 in air) of the titania film relative to the silica substrate (n = 1.5). The optical and structural properties of these films suggest the possibility of developing efficient photocatalytic reactors or improved optical chemical sensors.
Effects of calcium anions on the rates of casein aggregation

Abstract The addition of calcium chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) (10 mmol/dm3) reduced the rate of aggregation of casein in acidified skim milk in the order NO3− > Cl− > SNC−. Aggregation rates were accelerated by increasing temperature of skim milk but the magnitude was influenced by pH and ion species present.