cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for bilateral primary lung cancers: the Indiana University experience.

Purpose: To review the outcomes of 10 patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for bilateral primary medically inoperable lung cancer. Methods and Materials: Between July 2001 and February 2005, 10 patients were treated at Indiana University with stereotactic body radiotherapy for bilateral multiple primary lung cancers using a stereotactic body frame (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden). Nine patients had cancers that were deemed inoperable secondary to multiple medical comorbidities. One patient refused surgery. All patients had biopsy proven non–small-cell lung carcinoma of at least one of their masses and presented with either metachronous or synchronous pulmonary nodules. Positron emission tomography scans were done for all patients before treatment. Radiation dose varied between 4800 and 6600 cGy given in 3 fractions prescribed to the 80% line covering at least 95% of the planning target volume. We performed a retrospective review of the outcome of these patients. Results: The mean follow-up time was 20.7 months and the median time was 18.5 months (range, 7–42 months). At the time of this review, all 10 patients were living. Eight (80%) of 10 patients had no evidence of disease progression. One patient developed distant metastasis 5 months after treatment and a second patient developed a local recurrence within the radiation field 11 months after treatment. Six patients had either acute or late pulmonary toxicity, but all toxicity was ≤Grade 2 as defined by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity criteria. Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that stereotactic body radiotherapy is a possibly safe and potentially effective treatment option for patients with bilateral multiple primary lung cancers that are deemed medically inoperable.
Ultraviolet-assisted pulsed laser deposition of thin oxide films

The properties of thin Y2O3, ZnO and Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films grown using an in situ ultraviolet (UV)-assisted pulsed laser deposition (UVPLD) technique have been studied. With respect to films grown by conventional PLD under similar conditions, but without UV illumination, the UVPLD grown films exhibit better structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties, especially for lower substrate temperatures. They also exhibit a better stoichiometry and contain less physisorbed oxygen than the conventional PLD grown layers. It has been found that physisorbed oxygen is the main oxygen source for the growth at the interface between the Si substrate and the deposited layer, of a SiO x interfacial layer. The improvement of the UVPLD grown film properties can be traced to several factors. First, deep UV photons and ozone ensure better in situ cleaning of the substrate prior to deposition. Second, the presence of more reactive gaseous species like ozone and atomic oxygen formed by photodissociation of molecular O2 promotes the growth of more oxygenated films. Finally, absorption of UV photons by adatoms could result in an increase of their surface mobility. All these factors have a beneficial effect upon crystalline growth, especially for moderate substrate temperatures.
Body Composition and Metabolic Changes in HIV-Infected Patients

As antiretroviral therapy has decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated mortality, cardiometabolic abnormalities have become increasingly apparent in HIV-infected individuals. Many patients treated for HIV infection exhibit body composition changes, including peripheral fat atrophy and visceral lipohypertrophy. In addition, HIV-infected individuals demonstrate a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, and cardiovascular risk, compared with the general population. Although antiretroviral therapy appears to contribute to some of the cardiometabolic abnormalities in HIV infection, HIV itself, immunologic factors, and lifestyle factors are also important mediators of cardiovascular risk. Treatment strategies for body composition changes and cardiometabolic abnormalities in HIV infection include lifestyle modification, lipid-lowering agents, insulin sensitizers, and treatments to reverse endocrine abnormalities in HIV, including growth hormone-releasing hormone. None of these strategies has comprehensively addressed the abnormalities experienced by this population, however, and further research is needed into combined strategies to improve body composition and ameliorate cardiovascular risk.
Cancer Drug Development: Problems and Opportunities

The pharmaceutical industry must direct additional focus on the development of agents to prevent or minimize symptoms of cancer and its treatment, and maximize the quality of life of cancer patients. This paper covers the current status of cancer chemotherapy, opportunties for intervention, supportive care measures, and challenges to the pharmuceutical industry in oncologic drug development.
Routing algorithms in interval and circular-arc networks

A simple parallel algorithm is shown for routing messages between the nodes of a network whose underlying graph is an interval graph. Each node executing the algorithm makes purely local decisions about where to route the message it receives. The algorithm uses constant message length and shortest-path routing. A straightforward extension of the algorithm allows handling time-varying faults in the network. The algorithm is then extended to handle routing in circular-arc graphs, and similar results are obtained. >
The Critical Importance of Water in the Asymmetric Allylboration of N-Trimethylsilylbenzaldimines with B-Allyldiisopinocampheylborane.

The free aldimine is probably the intermediate in the asymmetric allylboration of N-trimethylsilylaldimines in the presence of water (see scheme), which is critical for the reaction. The aldimine is rapidly captured by the allylborating agent. Ipc2 BAll=B-allyldiisopinocampheylborane.
Rank enhancement for eigenstructure based direction finding using arrays with non-uniform element responses

This paper presents a new spatial smoothing approach for rank enhancement in sensor array direction finding applications. The method works with coherent scene data when non-uniform array element gains would make conventional smoothing ineffective. Sub-array data is pre-weighted before smoothing to regularize the problem, and so that a consistent phase and gain structure is maintained across the sub-arrays.
After Culture: Intergroup Encounters in Education.

This article analyses intergroup differences in education, with particular emphasis on schools offering one or more of the International Baccalaureate programmes (`IB World schools'). Experiences of human difference are often interpreted in terms of culture, and the notion of intercultural understanding is valued in many international schools. Yet intercultural encounters hardly differ from what social psychologists call `intergroup encounters'. Social identity theory explains the dynamic of these encounters more effectively than models focusing on cultural difference. With reference to the contact hypothesis, this article presents suggestions as to how international schools can capitalize on their diversity by becoming practice grounds for intergroup encounters.
Stabilization of the ribonuclease S‐peptide α‐helix by trifluoroethanol

The effects of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on the stability of the alpha-helix formed by ribonuclease S-peptide, residues 1-19 of ribonuclease A, were studied by measuring circular dichroism as a function of TFE concentration, pH, and temperature. The S-peptide forms an unusually stable alpha-helix, which is known to be stabilized by TFE. The magnitude of the effect of charged groups on the peptide, manifested by the change in alpha-helix stability as a function of pH, was not altered significantly by either TFE concentration or temperature, indicating that the lower dielectric constant of TFE is not important in the stabilization of this alpha-helix. This suggests that the alpha-helix might be stabilized by many interactions in addition to the effects of charges. The titration curve of circular dichroism vs. TFE concentration appears to be cooperative at 0 degree C, but becomes progressively less cooperative at temperatures between 25 and 75 degrees C. The properties of the TFE stabilization indicate that TFE might be a useful probe with which to measure the stability of marginally stable peptides and small proteins.
Interim Stabilisation in Fragile Security Situations

For more than two decades a conventional approach to security promotion has been widely applied by multilateral and bilateral agencies during war-to-peace transitions. Advocates of this approach typically recommend a combination of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) and security sector reform (SSR) to consolidate peace-making and peace-building processes ( Colletta et al 2009 , Muggah 2006 ). Notwithstanding the broad acceptance of such activities – and the theory that underlies them – there is little evidence that such interventions have contributed to any enduring solution to conflict and fragility ( Muggah 2009 ). Indeed, analysts have come to recognise that the political, economic and social pre-conditions for DDR and SSR – including a relatively functional government, a reasonably stable labour market and a minimum level of social trust – are seldom in place. Even when these ambitious pre-requisites have been achieved, it is not clear that they are sufficient for DDR and SSR to take hold. Nevertheless, these orthodoxies persist in security promotion policy and practice.
The Prison is an Outlaw Institution

This discussion of Les Prisons de la misere (Raisons d'agir Editions, Paris, 1999 - expanded and updated English-language edition, Prisons of Poverty, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2009) responds to queries put forth by the editors of R de reel and originally published in French in that journal in June 2000 (vol. 3, pp.33-8). It argues that the carceral boom in the United States results from the penalisation of poverty correlative of the simultaneous revamping of the economic, welfare and justice missions of the state. Pro-market think tanks have played a driving role in fashioning and diffusing America's 'punitive common sense' across the Atlantic, thus accelerating the import of aggressive crime rhetorics and policies in Western Europe by political elites (including Left governments) seduced by neoliberal ideology. But, while the prison purports to enforce the law and to curtail the disorders generated by economic deregulation, the recent French experience confirms that its very organisation and daily operation make it an outlaw institution. It is promoted as a remedy for criminal insecurity and urban marginality, but it only serves to concentrate and intensify both, even as it makes them temporarily invisible. To get out of the policy and civic impasse into which the penalisation of poverty leads contemporary societies, we must raise anew the quintessen- tially political question of the purpose(lessness) of incarceration at century's dawn.
Transform domain analysis of DES

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) can be regarded as a nonlinear feedback shift register (NLFSR) with input. From this point of view, the tools for pseudo-random sequence analysis are applied to the S-boxes in DES. The properties of the S-boxes of DES under the Fourier transform, Hadamard transform, extended Hadamard transform, and the Avalanche transform are investigated. Two important results about the S-boxes of DES are found. The first result is that nearly two-thirds of the total 32 functions from GF (2/sup 6/) to GF(2) which are associated with the eight S-boxes of DES have the maximal linear span G3, and the other one-third have linear span greater than or equal to 57. The second result is that for all S-boxes, the distances of the S-boxes approximated by monomial functions has the same distribution as for the S-boxes approximated by linear functions. Some new criteria for the design of permutation functions for use in block cipher algorithms are discussed.
Uncertain Science, Uncertain World

Henry N. Pollack, 2003, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 252 p. (Hardcover, US $28.00) ISBN: 0-521-78188-4. Pollack's central thesis is that uncertainty—its nature, origins, and central role in science and human affairs—is misunderstood and misinterpreted on a potentially catastrophic scale. He uses as his primary example the debate over climate change, and the cynical misuse of uncertainty to advance economic or political interests. One of the strong points of this book is the author's fusion of his extensive scientific experience and broadly based professional judgment with a keen sense of intellectual propriety and of ethics—not just scientific ethics in the narrow sense, but the ethics of the use of science in support of the broader human enterprise. Appropriately, he begins the book with a self-introduction, laying out his qualifications, background, and potential biases. In that same spirit, I must acknowledge that this was a challenging book for me to review. I share many of the author's views and concerns, so my evaluation is a balancing act between, on the one hand, the temptation to not criticize the book's significant weaknesses to the extent they deserve, and on the other, irritation that the author has not addressed some of my own favorite themes, examples, or hobby-horses. I …
Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala

Stress has significant adverse effects on health and is a risk factor for many illnesses. Neurobiological studies have implicated the amygdala as a brain structure crucial in stress responses. Whereas hyperactive amygdala function is often observed during stress conditions, cross-sectional reports of differences in gray matter structure have been less consistent. We conducted a longitudinal MRI study to investigate the relationship between changes in perceived stress with changes in amygdala gray matter density following a stress-reduction intervention. Stressed but otherwise healthy individuals (N = 26) participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention. Perceived stress was rated on the perceived stress scale (PSS) and anatomical MR images were acquired pre- and post-intervention. PSS change was used as the predictive regressor for changes in gray matter density within the bilateral amygdalae. Following the intervention, participants reported significantly reduced perceived stress. Reductions in perceived stress correlated positively with decreases in right basolateral amygdala gray matter density. Whereas prior studies found gray matter modifications resulting from acquisition of abstract information, motor and language skills, this study demonstrates that neuroplastic changes are associated with improvements in a psychological state variable.
A Linear Matrix Inequality for Robust Stability Analysis with Frequency-Dependent Multipliers

In this paper we introduce a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) condition for robust stability analysis. The condition is expressed as a pair of convex inequalities that provides an upper bound for the structured singular that can be used to verify stability and performance robustness. This robust analysis test incorporates a particular class of frequency-dependent multipliers and can be limited to finite frequency intervals, features which can significantly reduce conservatism as compared to existing conditions with similar complexity. The results are illustrated with a simple numerical example that illustrates the improvement of the proposed LMI condition.
Membrane Composition Changes and Physiological Adaptation by Streptococcus mutans Signal Recognition Particle Pathway Mutants

Previously, we presented evidence that the oral cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans remains viable but physiologically impaired and sensitive to environmental stress when genes encoding the minimal conserved bacterial signal recognition particle (SRP) elements are inactivated. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of isolated membrane fractions from strain UA159 and three mutants (Δffh, ΔscRNA, and ΔftsY) grown at pH 7.0 or pH 5.0 allowed us to obtain insight into the adaptation process and the identities of potential SRP substrates. Mutant membrane preparations contained increased amounts of the chaperones DnaK and GroES and ClpP protease but decreased amounts of transcription- and translation-related proteins, the β subunit of ATPase, HPr, and several metabolic and glycolytic enzymes. Therefore, the acid sensitivity of SRP mutants might be caused in part by diminished ATPase activity, as well as the absence of an efficient mechanism for supplying ATP quickly at the site of proton elimination. Decreased amounts of LuxS were also observed in all mutant membranes. To further define physiological changes that occur upon disruption of the SRP pathway, we studied global gene expression in S. mutans UA159 (parent strain) and AH333 (Δffh mutant) using microarray analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of 81 genes, including genes encoding chaperones, proteases, cell envelope biosynthetic enzymes, and DNA repair and replication enzymes, and down-regulation of 35 genes, including genes concerned with competence, ribosomal proteins, and enzymes involved in amino acid and protein biosynthesis. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of eight selected genes confirmed the microarray data. Consistent with a demonstrated defect in competence and the suggested impairment of LuxS-dependent quorum sensing, biofilm formation was significantly decreased in each SRP mutant.
Health-Care Reform 2010: How Will It Impact You and Your Practice?:

There are several transformative features of the 2 landmark health-care reform laws passed by the Congress and signed into law by the President in March. The most critical elements that will impact pharmacists and patients are categorized into 6 key areas in this commentary: health insurance reform; improvements in Medicare and Medicaid; pharmacy practice expansion; health professions education and workforce initiatives; prevention and wellness; and enhanced access to affordable medications. The relevant features of these new opportunities are presented and the implications for pharmacists and their patients are discussed.
Designing for the Invincible: Health Engagement and Information Management

Personal Health Records (PHR) are often promoted as tools for self- management of health. However, current adoption rates of PHRs at the national level suggests serious barriers that need to be overcome before they turn into ubiquitous technologies. In this paper, we report on a case study of PHR introduction and adoption on a large university campus. The aim of the study is to engage students in their health through a user-centered (re)design of a PHR. To this end, we have engaged in a multi-method study, including a survey, focus groups, and web metric data. The findings from the study have led to useful themes and design ideas, which we discuss here, presenting preliminary design recommendations.
Mechanism and Model of Bond Formation in Ultrasonic Wire Bonding

Despite being a critical phenomenon of tremendous technological significance in ultrasonic flip-chip and wire bonding processes of today’s microelectronic devices, interfacial bond formation still calls for better understanding at a fundamental level. The goal of the research is to improve these processes through better understanding and modeling of bond formation. This paper presents a micromechanics model that addresses increasing contact area during ultrasonic cyclic loading cycle. The micromechanics model provides interfacial shear stress as boundary condition to FEM simulations of ultrasonic bonding processes. Comparison between preliminary results and experimental data is conducted.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Adaptation of a Dry Diet for Adults of the Western Corn Rootworm

A dry diet used routinely for maintenance of adults of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, was altered for use with western corn rootworm, D. virgifera LeConte, adults. The alteration was accomplished by ball milling the diet to a fine powder and then either forming it into a pellet or texturizing it. Longevity of western corn rootworm adults on the dry diet was some what reduced compared to those on a diet of fresh com leaves, but fecundity was not significantly affected. Tests with various oviposition schemes indicated that the western corn rootworm adult preferred to oviposit at a coveredsite either in soil or moist gauze.
Implications of "DSM"-IV to "DSM"-5 Substance Use Disorder Diagnostic Changes in Adolescents Enrolled in a School-Based Intervention.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine (a) the impact of the change in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from a categorical to dimensional classification of substance use diagnoses, (b) the elimination of the legal criterion, and (c) the inclusion of a craving criterion in the DSM-5. Specifically, we aimed to compare the differential diagnostic outcomes among high-risk substance-using adolescents enrolled in a school-based Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) intervention. We explored the alterations of diagnoses of adolescents in this sample and the prevalence of diagnostic promotions and demotions. We hypothesized that the dimensional approach of the DSM-5 would improve the utility of diagnosis in predicting severity of consequences and treatment outcomes in our sample. Method: Participants included 273 adolescents enrolled in a school-based intervention and were primarily male (76%) and Caucasian (47%), with 17% Asian/Pacific Islander, 17% Hispanic, 7% African-American, and...
Risk Factors for Inpatient Hospital Admission in Pediatric Burn Patients.

Purpose Our objective was to determine the risk factors for inpatient admission of pediatric burn patients.
AVO intercept gradient crossplots analysis of gas sands

AVO intercept and gradient values are fitted according to Shuey's simplified equation.By analyzing intercept gradient crossplots of sand shale single interface models,shale interbedded with gas sand models,thin shale gas sand interbeded formation models,the distributing characters of intercept gradient crossplots of three types of gas sand are obtained.Gas sands can be identified and classified according to distributing characters of intercept gradient points in intercept gradient crossplots.The influences of sand thickness variation on intercept gradient crossplots are analyzed.The variations of thickness cause variations of width and length of intercept gradient crossplot curves.Analyzing intercept gradient crossplots of interest bed events can guide gas reservoir and thickness prediction.
The Current Pollution Situation of Hengshui Lake and its Countermeasures

Hengshui Lake is the only complete wetland ecosystem of nature reserves with marshes,waters,tidal flats,meadows,forests and etc.In recent years,with the industrial and domestic effluent discharged into the lake,and the eutrophication and serious pollution have been caused.In order to protect the lake,we should take measures to increase the integrated control to change the pollution and to improve the water quality.In this way,the ecological environment of Hengshui Lake will be protected effectively.
Prediction of carcass and empty body composition of steers by 40K emission detection.

Although originally used for prediction of whole body composition (WBC), use of 40 K emission detection was later suggested for determination of empty body composition (EBC). Therefore, the present study was conducted to validate existing equations developed to predict WBC and to develop more useful equations to predict EBC or carcass composition (CC) of beef steers. Fourteen crossbred steers were detected for 40 K emissions and slaughtered and their chemical composition determined from chemical analyses and total body K determined from 40 K emissions. The existing equation for percentage whole body lipid had a slope of.93 and an intercept of -1.62%, indicating a close approximation to percentage of whole body lipid. Percentage of whole body protein was poorly estimated by existing equations. Equations developed for prediction of EBC relied on both BW and predicted K. Coefficients of variation for prediction of empty body water or protein were within 5% and those for prediction of empty body lipid were approximately 15%. These results demonstrate that use of predicted K from 40 K emission detection enhances the determination of EBC and CC.
Survivor search using a quasi-2D-parallax algorithm with massive microrobot swarms

Field Programmable Robot Arrays (FPRAs) may help search for survivors in disaster situations. An FPRA combines CMOS reprogrammable logic with micro-robots having constrained motion and sensing capabilities. We present a quasi-2D parallax-based algorithm which can be used for communication between robots. We assume for physical motion the FPRA uses MEMS-based micro-robots like those developed by Donald et al. [2] as a foundation to build other features needed to develop FPRA.
Velichenko's Minimax Method

This chapter focuses on Velichenko's minimax method. V. V. Velichenko, whose primary research is in numerical methods for solving optimal control problems used in rocket guidance, proposed a minimax approach to multi-objective control problems. His approach to the multi-objective problem does not require preference information. Unlike the previous methods, however, Velichenko's does not minimize the relative deviation from an ideal value but simply seeks the best possible absolute achievement from the worst performing objective function. He poses a control problem of optimizing a dynamic system. Velichenko transforms the vector control problem into a scalar optimization problem by replacing the vector objective functional with the minimax global scalar objective. Noting that minimax global scalar objective cannot be solved by the classical calculus of variations, Velichenko derives sufficient conditions for obtaining the absolute minimum and references a numerical algorithm that solves minimax global scalar objective by constructing auxiliary functionals. Although it is not uncommon to use a minimax transformation to identify solutions in multi-objective programming problems, the extension of a multi-objective approach to optimal control problems is noteworthy, as is the derivation of conditions for solving such problems.
Abstract 1026: PEG-LPrA2 is a non-toxic adjuvant for triple negative breast cancer

Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and is difficult to treat. Current standard therapy for the disease includes a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs: doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (TAX), and cyclophosphamide (CTX). These drugs are ineffective as they exhibit shortcomings and several side effects. TNBC patients develop chemoresistance that may be enhanced by leptin, which affects survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Our lab developed and tested a novel and specific inhibitor of leptin signaling, LPrA2. A pegylated derivative of LPrA2 (PEG-LPrA2), with enhanced bioavailability, was successfully used in mouse breast cancer models. Preliminary data showed that PEG-LPrA2 was non-toxic in vitro. Therefore, it is hypothesized that PEG-LPrA2 is not toxic in vivo. Methods: To determine potential toxicity of PEG-LPrA2, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed. In vitro toxicity of PEG-LPrA2 was tested in a human non-malignant mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). MCF-10A cells were cultured in 96 well plates (5,000 cells/ well) and grown to 70-80% confluence. Cells were treated with PEG-LPrA2 for 24 hrs and viability was determined via MTT assay. In vivo toxicity studies were performed in obese mice. Fifty-seven, eight week old C57BL/6J mice (Charles River Laboratories) were divided into 6 groups. Control mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Kcal from fat) and the rest of the mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Kcal from fat) for 11 weeks. Obesity was characterized as body weight (BW) ≥ 25% BW of control mice. Obese mice were divided into six groups (n = 7/each). Mice were injected with 50 μL of either Sc-PEG-LPrA2 (scramble control) or active inhibitor, PEG-LPrA2, (0.1 mM, 1 mM, or 5 mM) two times a week, for eight weeks. Blood chemistries were analyzed. Additionally, heart, liver, and kidney tissue were harvested and examined to determine toxicity. The tissues were probed for OB-R via immuno histochemistry. Results: The results showed no changes in BW or food intake. Additionally, no evident changes in blood parameters and organ histology were found. Conclusions: PEG-LPrA2 is non-toxic and could serve as an adjuvant therapy for standard TNBC chemotherapeutics. Citation Format: Courtney D. Dill, Adriana Harbuzariu, Antonio Rampoldi, Crystal C. Lipsey, Viola Lanier, Tia Harmon, Danielle Daley-Brown, Cynthia Tchio, Pierre Candelaria, Ruben Rene Gonzalez-Perez. PEG-LPrA2 is a non-toxic adjuvant for triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1026.
Supporting student transitions: Integrating life design, career construction, happenstance, and hope

This article provides an integrated theoretical approach to conceptualize and support transitions of students in higher education towards their professional lives. The life design paradigm serves as a foundational anchor to the integration of career construction theory, happenstance learning theory, and hope theory. These theories are then applied to the 4S transition model to provide potential avenues for career counselors to follow in their work with students. It is imperative for career counselors to partner with students in higher education in learning how to successfully navigate transitions as they will face a multitude of them throughout their lives.
The Effect of Exposure to Decreasing Relative Humidity on the Viability of Phytophthora ramorum sporangia

Sporangia of three isolates of Phytophthora ramorum representing three different clonal lineages were subjected to relative humidity (RH) levels between 80 and 100% for exposure periods ranging from 1 to 24 h at 20°C in darkness. Plastic containers (21.5 × 14.5 × 5 cm) were used as humidity chambers with 130 ml of glycerine solution added to each container. Glycerine concentrations corresponded to 100, 95, 90, 85 and 80% RH based on refractive index measurements. Sporangia suspensions were pipeted onto nitrile mesh squares (1.5 × 1.5 cm, 15 micron pore size) which were placed in the humidity chambers and incubated at 20°C in darkness. Following exposure periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, mesh squares were inverted onto Petri dishes of selective medium and sporangia germination assessed after 24 and 48 h. At 100% RH, we observed a mean value of 88% germination after 1 h exposure declining to 18% germination following 24 h incubation. At 95% RH, a steeper decline in germination was noted, with means ranging from 79% at 1 h to less than 1% at 24 h exposure. At 90% RH, no germination was noted after 8 or more h exposure, and values were 57%, 22% and 3% germination for the 1, 2 and 4 h exposures, respectively. Germination was only observed at 1 h exposure for both the 85% RH treatment (52% germination) and the 80% RH treatment (38% germination). The three isolates responded similarly over the range of RH values tested. The germination response of P. ramorum sporangia to RH values between 80% and 100% was comparable to that reported for other Phytophthora species. Knowledge of conditions that affect P. ramorum sporangia germination can shed light on pathogenesis and epidemic potential and lead to improved control recommendations.
Temperature-Dependent Kinetic Prediction for Reactions Described by Isothermal Mathematics

Most kinetic models are expressed in isothermal mathematics. This may lead unaware scientists either to the misconception that classical isothermal kinetic models cannot be used for any chemical process in an environment with a time-dependent temperature profile or, even worse, to a misuse of them. In reality, classical isothermal models can be employed to make kinetic predictions for reactions in environments with time-dependent temperature profiles, provided that there is a continuity/conservation in the reaction extent at every temperature–time step. In this article, fundamental analyses, illustrations, guiding tables, and examples are given to help the interested readers using either conventional isothermal reacted fraction curves or rate equations to make proper kinetic predictions for chemical reactions in environments with temperature profiles that vary, even arbitrarily, with time simply by the requirement of continuity/conservation of reaction extent whenever there is an external temperature change.
Flexible Modules Using <70 μm Thick Silicon Solar Cells

Abstract Highly flexible modules using thin 153 cm 2 silicon crystalline cells and transparent fluoropolymer foil are demonstrated. The modules can be flexed 200 times around a bend radius of 4 cm without change in efficiency. The silicon crystalline heterojunction solar cells are 65±5 μm-thick with efficiencies up to 18.4%. Cracks in the solar cells and interconnections that are induced by mechanical stress during module bending are examined using electroluminescence. Two interconnection solutions are discussed: ribbons affixed to the busbars using a conductive adhesive, and indium coated wires directly bonded to the cell fingers. Modules using wire interconnection are found to be highly flexible with efficiencies greatly exceeding existing commercial flexible modules using thin films and have potential applications in light-weight modules for building integrated and portable photovoltaic power.
Digital-analog simulation test of grid-connected performance for string inverter

Power device switching frequency of string inverter is greater than 10kHz, the traditional real-time simulation platform based on CPU processor can not meet the needs of simulation. In this paper, based on FPGA and CPU processors, hybrid simulation model and test scheme of grid-connected performance for string inverter are proposed. First, using RT-LAB, hybrid simulation test platform for string inverter is set up, which contains digital simulation model, linear transformation unit and tested inverter controller. Then, based on the equivalent decoupling model of transformer, Seamless connection between the large step size simulation model of 20us and the small step size simulation model of 0.1us are realized. A primary power circuit models are established for the string inverter low voltage ride through (LVRT) test, frequency adaptation test and anti-islanding protection test. Finally, according to the national standard GB / T 19964-2012 “the photovoltaic power generation station access to electric power system technical regulations”, digital analog hybrid simulation test of low voltage ride through (LVRT), adaptive frequency and anti-islanding protection is carried out for string inverter controller, simulation test results can fully reflect the dynamic and static performance of the string inverter, which can effectively prove the correctness of the proposed test scheme.
Forschungsfragen, Hypothesen und Modellspezifikation

Die GIS-Analysen in den Abschnitten 4.4 und 4.7 zeigen eindeutig, dass einige Branchenaggregate in starkem Mase raumlich konzentriert sind. Die Forschungsfragen der eigenen Arbeit sind stark an genau diese raumlichen Bezuge angelehnt.
Dihydropyridine Pharmacology of the Reconstituted Calcium Channel of Skeletal Muscle

Gating of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in cell-free systems such as the planar bilayer is dependent on the constant presence of agonist DHPs, typically micromolar levels of Bay K8644 (Affolter and Coronado 1985, 1986; Coronado and Affolter 1986a, b; Rosenberg et al. 1986; Ehrlich et al. 1986; Coronado and Smith 1987; Coronado 1987; Ma and Coronado 1988; Vilven et al. 1988; Valdivia and Coronado 1988). The agonist not only increases the lifetime of the open channel but, most important, reduces the run-down or time-dependent decrease in activity once a recording is initiated. In one extreme case, the calcium channel of skeletal muscle transverse (T) tubules, Bay K8644 completely eliminated the need for voltage pulse protocols. Evidently, the drug stabilizes the channel in the open conformation for long periods and over a wide range of holding potentials (Affolter and Coronado 1985). In this channel, we have found it possible to record up to 30 min of steady-state activity at 0 m V, with the limitation in most instances being the durability of bilayers.
Internal Drainage and Redistribution Following Infiltration

Kepler may have got the idea of a universal gravity from the thought that all things in nature must attract one another because they are infused with a share of God's universal love.
Language, Ontology, and Metaphysics

Thomas Hofweber's Ontology and the Ambitions of Metaphysics is ambitious, thought-provoking, and a good read. It expands upon a project he's developed in several previous papers—a project that seamlessly weaves together both metaphysics and metametaphysics. The book is as much about methodology as it is about the substantive conclusions he draws about what there is. As a consequence, it is a long book that covers a lot of ground. Since I cannot do justice to all of it, I hope my fellow symposiasts will take up parts of the book that I neglect. There is a lot of good stuff in there.
"Reed-Sternberg cells" in infectious mononucleosis?

The morphologic features of infectious mononucleosis are distinctive and in lymphoid tissue include a predominance of cytoplasmic or activated lymphocytes (Downey cells) and immunoblasts. The histologic process is unlike that of Hodgkin’s disease, but is associated with binucleated and multinucleated cells, some of which are indistinguishable morphologically from diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells. The lack of specificity of the Reed-Sternberg cell, in the absence of the other histologic features of Hodgkin’s disease, is emphasized. Although prolonged follow-up is not yet available in the eight cases which are the basis of this study, the cells are interpreted as part of the basic proliferative process of infectious mononucleosis, rather than an indication of incipient Hodgkin’s disease.
Knowledge of colorectal cancer screening guidelines and intention to obtain screening among nonadherent Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans.

Author(s): Tsoh, Janice Y; Tong, Elisa K; Sy, Angela U; Stewart, Susan L; Gildengorin, Ginny L; Nguyen, Tung T | Abstract: BACKGROUND:Nonadherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among Asian Americans is high but not well understood. This study examined correlates of screening intention among Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans who were nonadherent to CRC screening. METHODS:Using cross-sectional, preintervention survey data from 504 Asian Americans (115 Filipinos, 185 Hmong, and 204 Koreans) aged 50-75 years who were enrolled in a multisite cluster randomized controlled trial of lay health educator intervention, we analyzed correlates of self-reported CRC screening nonadherence, which was defined as not being up-to-date for fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. RESULTS:Only 26.8% of participants indicated intention to obtain screening within 6 months (Hmong: 12.4%; Korean: 30.8%; and Filipino: 42.6%; P l .001). Only one third of participants had undergone a prior screening, and a majority did not know that screening is a method of CRC prevention method (61.3%) or had any knowledge of CRC screening guidelines (53.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed that patient-provider ethnicity concordance, provider's recommendation of screening, participants' prior CRC screening, perceived severity and susceptibility of CRC, and knowledge of guidelines were positively associated with screening intention. Specifically, knowing one or more screening guidelines doubled the odds of screening intention (adjusted odds ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-4.28). Hmong were less likely to have screening intention than Filipinos, which was unexplained by socio-demographics, health care factors, perceived needs for CRC screening, or knowledge of screening guidelines. CONCLUSION:CRC screening intention among nonadherent Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans was low. Targeting knowledge of CRC screening guidelines may be effective strategies for increasing CRC screening intention among nonadherent Asian Americans. Cancer 2018;124:1560-7. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers

Amyloid or amyloid-like fibers have been associated with many human diseases, and are now being discovered to be important for many signaling pathways. The ability to readily detect the formation of these fibers under various experimental conditions is essential for understanding their potential function. Many methods have been used to detect the fibers, but not without some drawbacks. For example, electron microscopy (EM), or staining with Congo Red or Thioflavin T often requires purification of the fibers. On the other hand, semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) allows detection of the SDS-resistant amyloid-like fibers in the cell extracts without purification. In addition, it allows the comparison of the size difference of the fibers. More importantly, it can be used to identify specific proteins within the fibers by Western blotting. It is less time consuming and more easily accessible to a wider number of labs. SDD-AGE results often show variable degree of heterogeneity. It raises the question whether part of the heterogeneity results from the dissociation of the protein complex during the electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. For this reason, we have employed a second dimension of SDD-AGE to determine if the size heterogeneity seen in SDD-AGE is truly a result of fiber heterogeneity in vivo and not a result of either degradation or dissociation of some of the proteins during electrophoresis. This method allows fast, qualitative confirmation that the amyloid or amyloid-like fibers are not partially dissociating during the SDD-AGE process.
Conflict and Conflict Resolution in Families

The conduct of human affairs, in contrast to progress in science and technology, has suffered from reliance upon generalities, superstitions, fallacies, and prejudices. There is all too little pertinent research concerning man’s relation to his fellows and few guides to aid in the attainment of creative, co-operative and mutually constructive interaction. In this connection certain students of human behavior have become increasingly interested in the family unit as one of the smallest social systems in which the dynamics of interpersonal conflict resolution can be observed. A family historian, Professor Goode, who recently completed a major study of current family patterns in many countries of the world observed, “So many ‘facts’ need to be corrected. Ideal patterns of family behavior have been thought to be real ones, and a hypothetical harmony in past family relations has been assumed, rather than treated as a hypothesis to be tested.” (1)
Acquired Tetracycline Resistance Genes

Tetracycline continues to be used as treatment for a variety of infections due to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, intracellular bacteria, some protozoan infections, and noninfectious conditions [12, 65]. Tetracycline is also an important antibiotic for prophylaxis or treatment either alone or in combination with other antibiotics and for agents of biological terrorism [Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, and/or Yersinia pestis] [64]. Hughes and Data [29] examined Enterobacteriaceae collected between 1917 and 1954 for tetracycline resistance [Tcr] and found that 2% of the 433 isolates were Tcr, with the first Tcr bacteria found in the 1950s isolates. From this work, it was suggested that the discovery of Tcr bacteria was a relatively recent event and an unintended consequence of tetracycline use in clinical, veterinary, and agricultural experiments since the 1950s.
Andean Regional Development

relative time period: Follows the end of the Upper Formative manifestations; in the northern and central highlands, after the fall of Chavin.
Condensing heat transfer of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures flowing within horizontal microfin tubes: A new model

Abstract A new model is developed to predict the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures condensing within horizontal microfin tubes. A 1312–point experimental database from 22 sources was compiled for this purpose. The data comprise CO2, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R134a, R22, R407C, R404A, and R410A, 2.64–8.98 mm diameter tubes, −25 °C to 50 °C saturation temperatures, vapor qualities from 0.02 to 0.98, reduced pressures from 0.16 to 0.81, and heat and mass fluxes ranging from 1.79 to 98.1 kW/m2 and 49.0 to 872.5 kg/m2 s, respectively. To develop the model, one hundred twenty unique dimensionless parameters pertinent to condensing flows in microfin tubes were first selected. Multi-variable regression analysis was then applied to identify the most significant of these variables influencing the condensation Nusselt number. On an overall basis, the new model performs significantly better than any of six extant correlations. The new model was then assessed for different refrigerants, and many ranges of diameter, heat and mass flux, vapor quality, and reduced pressure. Generally, the new model is reasonably accurate, with mean absolute deviations generally smaller than 20–25%. The model also predicts annular flow HTCs fairly accurately. Parameter ranges in which Cavallini et al. (2009), the best of the extant correlations, gives better predictions than the new model and those in which more data would be useful for further analysis are also identified. In general, the new model can be recommended for a large variety of refrigerants under practically significant operating conditions.