cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of elastic-plastic anisotropic parameters using instrumented indentation and inverse analysis

Abstract Mechanical responses of thin films or coatings often display anisotropic behaviors because of their unique microstructures. However, their small size scales can also make determination of material properties difficult. The present paper introduces a simple yet versatile procedure with advanced data interpretation scheme to identify key anisotropic parameters. This procedure utilizes instrumented indentations and an inverse analysis to extract unknown parameters of elastic–plastic transversely isotropic materials. In particular, it post-processes load–displacement records of depth-sensing indentations to obtain best estimates of Young’s moduli and yield stresses along longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. Major advantages of this method are the minimal specimen preparations and the straightforward testing procedure. To enhance the accuracy, the method utilizes two differently profiled indenter heads, spherical and Berkovich. Prior to actual testing, detailed simulations were performed to verify the method’s applicability and robustness. In the experiment, a thermally sprayed NiAl coating which possesses process-induced anisotropic features is considered. The load–displacement records of spherical and Berkovich nano-indentations are post-processed with the proposed inverse analysis scheme. The estimated results predict dissimilar responses along the longitudinal and transverse directions. Separate tests are also conducted with micro-indenter heads under larger loads. They demonstrate lesser anisotropic effects but with more compliant responses. These results are attributed to the unique morphology of thermally sprayed coatings, which inherently exhibit size and anisotropic effects.
Mapping, localization and motion planning in mobile multi-robotic systems

As researchers have pushed the limits of what can be accomplished by a single robot operating in a known or unknown environment, a greater emphasis has been placed on the utilization of mobile multi-robotic systems to accomplish various objectives. In transitioning from a robot-centric approach to a system-centric approach, considerations must be made for the computational and communicative aspects of the group as a whole, in addition to electromechanical considerations of individual robots. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of mobile multi-robotic system research, with an emphasis on the confluence of mapping, localization and motion control of robotic system. Methods that compose these three topics are presented, including areas of overlap, such as integrated exploration and simultaneous localization and mapping. From these methods, an analysis of benefits, challenges and tradeoffs associated with multi-robotic system design and use are presented. Finally, specific applications of multi-robotic systems are also addressed in various contexts.
Posidonius and Neoplatonism

Both Iamblichus and Proclus are well aware that when they discuss the relation between soul and mathematicals they are treating a traditional problem. Both know that their solution concerning the identification of the soul with all kinds of mathematicalsmaticals (three in Iamblichus, four in Proclus) is not the only one offered by philosophers. In both the Iamblichus passages we find representatives of three points of view: those who identify the soul with the arithmetical, those who identify it with the geometrical, those who identify it with the harmonical. Proclus enumerates representatives of only two points of view (arithmeticals and geometricals), and there are only two names (Severus and Moderatus) common to both lists. But both obviously feel that they are contributing to the solution of a traditional problem. The question is legitimate: How far back can we trace the problem?
The Analysis of Mixtures of Hypobromite and Hypochlorite in Dilute Solutions with Thiosulfate

Abstract The analysis of bromine and chlorine in dilute aqueous mixtures is described for the first time. The data show that hypochlorite did not react with thiosulfate in dilute alkaline solutions so that the OBr− determination proceeded rapidly and quantitatively by potentiometric titration with thiosulfate as titrant. Chlorine was determined by difference following titration of both hypochlorite and hypobromite by the conventional iodometric method with potentiometric detection of the end point. This new method was successfully applied to a study of halogen consumption in swimming pool water that initially contained active chlorine and bromide ion where the concentration of each active halogen was found during exposure to sunlight.
Evaluating two approaches to helping college students understand evolutionary trees through diagramming tasks.

To understand evolutionary theory, students must be able to understand and use evolutionary trees and their underlying concepts. Active, hands-on curricula relevant to macroevolution can be challenging to implement across large college-level classes where textbook learning is the norm. We evaluated two approaches to helping students learn macroevolutionary topics. Treatment 1 is a laboratory for the software program EvoBeaker designed to teach students about evolutionary trees. We tested Treatment 1 among nine college-level biology classes and administered pre/posttests to assess learning gains. We then sought to determine whether the learning gains from Treatment 1 were comparable to those derived from an alternate hands-on treatment, specifically the combination of a prerecorded lecture on DVD and paper-based activity based on Goldsmith's Great Clade Race (Treatment 2). Comparisons of pre- and posttests among participants using either Treatment 1 or 2 show large learning gains on some misconceptions and skills beyond knowledge gained from reading standard textbook entries. Both treatments performed equivalently in overall learning gains, though both had areas where they performed better or worse. Furthermore, gains among students who used Treatment 1 representing a wide range of universities suggest that outcomes are potentially applicable to a variety of “real-world” biology classes.
Evaluation of Bleeding Complications Associated with Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

BACKGROUNDPlatelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used with aspirin and heparin to decrease rates of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes.OBJECTIVETo determine whether bleeding event rates differed among 3 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors prescribed in a high-risk, elderly veteran population and identify risk factors for bleeding.METHODSA retrospective chart analysis of patients who received abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban was conducted. χ2 Analysis evaluated the incidence of bleeding complications, and stepwise regression analysis was utilized to identify bleeding risk factors. Parameters evaluated as possible risk factors for bleeding included age, renal function, weight, heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor dosing and infusion duration, concomitant antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant medications or disease states, and baseline hemoglobin, hematocrit, or platelet counts.RESULTSOf 348 patients whose charts were reviewed, 79 ...
Indirect Evidence Against Delayed “Skip-Oviposition” Behavior by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

Abstract Mosquitoes that do not oviposit their entire batch of eggs in one location, but choose instead to oviposit a few eggs in several different sites exhibit skip oviposition. Although skip oviposition may ensure the greater distribution of progeny from an individual female and reduce sibling competition, it also uses greater maternal energy reserves, may increase the risk of adult female mortality and does not reduce other competition. To test the hypothesis that female Aedes aegypti (L.) do not oviposit all of their eggs at one time and place, we examined females collected with an aspirator resting inside houses in Thailand. Females (n = 384) were dissected and the stage and number of developing oocytes were enumerated. If skip oviposition is a common behavior among female Ae. aegypti, one would expect to find significantly fewer mature eggs (Christophers’ stage V) in gravid females than developing oocytes in half-gravid females (Christophers’ stage IIIa–IVb). No significant differences were found b...
Inhibition of free fatty acid mobilization by colchicine

Segments of epididymal adipose tissue from normal male rats were incubated with micromolar concentrations of colchicine for different periods of time up to 4 hr, and the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) was measured during a subsequent reincubation. Although pretreatment with colchicine did not alter basal unstimulated FFA release, mobilization of FFA in the presence of epinephrine or theophylline was reduced. However, neither lipolysis, as judged by glycerol production, nor cyclic AMP accumulation was impaired under the same conditions. To assess the possibility that colchicine might limit production of fatty acids by accelerating the entry and metabolism of glucose into adipocytes, the metabolism of glucose by adipose tissue was studied. Pretreatment with colchicine did not affect uptake of glucose nor its oxidation to CO2, although colchicine-treated tissues did have slightly more [14C]glucose incorporated into the glyceride moiety of triglyceride. When adipose tissues pretreated with colchicine were incubated in an albumin-free medium, no reduction in FFA production by colchicine was observed. Because no FFA release occurs in albumin-free media, this experiment suggests that colchicine-induced inhibition of FFA mobilization results from impaired extrusion of FFA from adipose cells.
A Double Sacrificial Oxide Process for Smoother 150 Å SiO2 Gate Oxide Interfaces

We have found that a double sacrificial oxide process provides a smoother active surface than the single sacrificial oxide process. The onset of Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (injected from polysilicon/gate oxide interface) for gate oxide grown using a double sacrificial oxide process occurs at a higher field than that for the single sacrificial oxide case. This implies that the double sacrificial oxide process results in a smoother polysilicon/gate oxide interface. Further, the interface state density of the gate oxide/substrate interface is reduced for the double sacrificial oxide process.
Topological Aspects of Irredundant Intersections of Ideals and Valuation Rings

An intersection of sets \(A = \bigcap _{i \in I}B_i\) is irredundant if no \(B_i\) can be omitted from this intersection. We develop a topological approach to irredundance by introducing a notion of a spectral representation, a spectral space whose members are sets that intersect to a given set A and whose topology encodes set membership. We define a notion of a minimal representation and show that for such representations, irredundance is a topological property. We apply this approach to intersections of valuation rings and ideals. In the former case, we focus on Krull-like domains and Prufer v-multiplication domains, and in the latter on irreducible ideals in arithmetical rings. Some of our main applications are to those rings or ideals that can be represented with a Noetherian subspace of a spectral representation.
NORE1A is a double barreled Ras senescence effector that activates p53 and Rb

Although Ras is a potent oncogene in human tumors it has the paradoxical ability to promote Oncogene Induced Senescence (OIS). This appears to serve as a major barrier to Ras driven transformation in vivo. The signaling pathways used by Ras to promote senescence remain relatively poorly understood, but appear to invoke both the p53 and the Rb master tumor suppressors. Exactly how Ras communicates with p53 and Rb has remained something of a puzzle. NORE1A is a direct Ras effector that is frequently downregulated in human tumors. We have now found that it serves as a powerful Ras senescence effector. Moreover, we have defined signaling mechanisms that allows Ras to control both p53 and Rb post-translational modifications via the NORE1A scaffolding molecule. Indeed, NORE1A can be detected in complex with both p53 and Rb. Thus, by coupling Ras to both tumor suppressors, NORE1A forms a major component of the Ras senescence machinery and serves as the missing link between Ras and p53/Rb.
Genes with high penetrance for syndromic and non-syndromic autism typically function within the nucleus and regulate gene expression

Intellectual disability (ID), autism, and epilepsy share frequent yet variable comorbidities with one another. In order to better understand potential genetic divergence underlying this variable risk, we studied genes responsible for monogenic IDs, grouped according to their autism and epilepsy comorbidities. Utilizing 465 different forms of ID with known molecular origins, we accessed available genetic databases in conjunction with gene ontology (GO) to determine whether the genetics underlying ID diverge according to its comorbidities with autism and epilepsy and if genes highly penetrant for autism or epilepsy share distinctive features that set them apart from genes that confer comparatively variable or no apparent risk. The genetics of ID with autism are relatively enriched in terms associated with nervous system-specific processes and structural morphogenesis. In contrast, we find that ID with highly comorbid epilepsy (HCE) is modestly associated with lipid metabolic processes while ID without autism or epilepsy comorbidity (ID only) is enriched at the Golgi membrane. Highly comorbid autism (HCA) genes, on the other hand, are strongly enriched within the nucleus, are typically involved in regulation of gene expression, and, along with IDs with more variable autism, share strong ties with a core protein-protein interaction (PPI) network integral to basic patterning of the CNS. According to GO terminology, autism-related gene products are integral to neural development. While it is difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding IDs unassociated with autism, it is clear that the majority of HCA genes are tightly linked with general dysregulation of gene expression, suggesting that disturbances to the chronology of neural maturation and patterning may be key in conferring susceptibility to autism spectrum conditions.
Effect of Age and Restraint on Postprandial Lipemia Clearance in Dogs.

SummaryA meal containing 1 g of lard per pound body weight in a meat patty was given to male mongrel dogs after a 16 hour fast. Lipemia clearance was observed in dogs of 4 age groups as follows:Group 1, less than 1 year, Group 2, 1 to 3 years, Group 3, 4 to 8 years and Group 4, over 9 years. Peak lipemia was apparent after 4 hours in Groups 1–3 and was greater in Group 2 than in Group 1 and in Group 3 than in Group 2. In Group 4 dogs peak lipemia occurred later than in the others but was not as great as that observed in Group 3. During restraint in a modified Pavlov rig for 6 hours urinary catecholamine and corticoid excretion increased approximately 4-fold without regard to age. Contrary to expectation, lipemia clearance was accelerated and serum NEFA did not rise. Increased clearance seemed to be correlated with activity in the rig.
THE POLITICS OF ARENDTIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: EUROPEAN FEDERATION AND THE ORIGINS OF TOTALITARIANISM*

Hannah Arendt's The Origins of Totalitarianism is a distinctively international history. It traces Nazism to a “collapse of the nation-state” across Europe, brought on by European anti-Semitism and European imperialism, rather than to specifically German developments. This essay recovers the political meaning of that methodological choice on Arendt's part, by documenting the surprising intersection between Arendt's involvement in political debates over postwar European reconstruction, where she made an intellectual alliance with Resistance groups across Europe and strongly argued for European federation, and her involvement in historiographical debates over the sources of Nazism. I show the explicit connection that Arendt drew between an internationalist historiography of Nazism and the need for an internationalist European politics, in a series of essays she wrote in the mid-1940s. I then argue that this connection continues to play a prominent role in Origins itself, sharply differentiating Arendt from other prominent theorists of Nazism.
Toward Improved Accuracy Standards for Hydrographic Surveying

During a routine review of hydrographic procedures, we became aware that the hydrographic survey standards published by the IHO [1] and our own agency [2] are not stated in terms of statistical parameters as is the case in most sciences, e.g. in geodesy. Digging a little deeper, though not exhaustively, we found that some of the published standards are either ambiguous, unrealistic, or not definitive. This is true for both depth and horizontal positioning standards.
An Analysis of Pascal LamyRS Proposal on Collective Preferences

In September 2004, then-European Commissioner for Trade Pascal Lamy released his study on the political challenge of `collective preferences` for the world trading system. Collective preferences cause a problem for the WTO if the resulting measure violates WTO rules and yet the measure is too popular in the regulating country for the government to withdraw it. The paradigmatic example is EC - Hormones in which the European Commission could not comply because of contrary popular and parliamentary opinion. To address such circumstances, Lamy proposes the negotiation of a new WTO safeguard that would permit governments to retain strongly-supported measures provided that compensation is paid. This article analyzes Lamy`s paper and discusses the many challenges to validating a collective preference. The article posits that whether a new safeguard is needed depends in part on the leeway that WTO rules provide for legitimate domestic measures. The article concludes that while Lamy`s purpose may be worthy, his proposal has several weaknesses, and enacting it in the WTO is highly unlikely.
The Unique Charm of Drama From Thunderstorn

This thesis analyses the drama Thunderstorm,to realize that a drama should reflect the sharp conflicts in real life;materials、figures、scenes should concentrate highly;the structure should depend on the establishment of suspense of arts;the language of figures should be activate and full of personification,etc.
Review of Nietzsche and Levinas “After the Death of a Certain God” , Eds. Jill Stauffer, Bettina Bergo

This is a book review of Nietzsche and Levinas "After the Death of a Certain God," ed. Jill Stauffer and Bettina Bergo.
Paradoxical elevation of serum cholesterol by clofibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

A paradoxical elevation of the serum cholesterol level following clofibrate therapy is reported in 4 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and hypercholesterolemia. The serum cholesterol levels doubled and xanthomas became more severe in 3 patients within a few months without evidence of further derangement of any other hepatic function. Serum cholesterol levels returned to pretreatment values upon discontinuation of the therapy. Thus, clofibrate therapy is contraindicated when bile secretion is impaired.
Minimizing the use of homologous blood products during repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The recent threat of transfusion-associated infections has compelled surgeons to minimize the use of homologous blood products during aortic aneurysm repair. Routine use of autologous transfusion; careful surgical technique, emphasizing use of the least dissection needed to expose the aneurysm adequately; and a higher threshold for the administration of homologous blood products will help achieve this goal. In a prospective study of 100 consecutive aortic reconstructions, 80 per cent of patients received only their own blood. Routine intraoperative blood salvage also conserves the blood bank supply.
Health Messaging and African-American Infant Sleep Location: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Infant-parent bedsharing increases the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related deaths. Despite AAP recommendations to avoid bedsharing, public health efforts have been unsuccessful in changing behaviors. African–American infants are more than twice as likely to die from SIDS and other sleep-related deaths, and are also twice as likely to bedshare with their parents. Further, African–American parents have a high degree of self-efficacy with regards to preventing infant suffocation, but low self-efficacy with regards to SIDS risk reduction. It is unclear whether messages emphasizing suffocation prevention will decrease bedsharing. To evaluate the impact of specific health messages on African–American parental decisions regarding infant sleep location. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of African–American mothers of infants. The control group received standard messaging emphasizing AAP-recommended safe sleep practices, including avoidance of bedsharing, for the purposes of SIDS risk reduction. The intervention group received enhanced messaging emphasizing safe sleep practices, including avoidance of bedsharing, for both SIDS risk reduction and suffocation prevention. Participants completed interviews at 2–3 weeks, 2–3 months, and 5–6 months after the infant’s birth. 1194 mothers were enrolled in the study, and 637 completed all interviews. Bedsharing, both usually (aOR 1.005 [95 % CI 1.003, 1.006]) and last night (aOR 1.004 [95 % CI 1.002, 1.007]) increased slightly but statistically significantly with infant age (p < 0.001). Receipt of the enhanced message did not impact on sleep location. Maternal belief that bedsharing increased the risk of SIDS or suffocation declined over 6 months (p < 0.001) and did not differ by group assignment. African–American mothers who received an enhanced message about SIDS risk reduction and suffocation prevention were no less likely to bedshare with their infants. Clinical Trials Registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT01361880
Antecedents and Successors

Three of Austen’s novels end with marriages that have incestuous overtones. In Mansfield Park, Fanny and Edmund are first cousins; moreover, they have been brought up as brother and sister in the same household. In Emma, the heroine marries her brother-in-law, Mr. Knightley, who throughout much of the novel shares a fraternal relationship with her. In Sense and Sensibility, Elinor, like Emma, marries her brother-in-law, Edward Ferrars. And in the same novel, Colonel Brandon tells Elinor the story of his desire to marry Eliza Williams, a sister-in-law brought up as his sister.
Results from the magnetic suspension mass comparator for vacuum-to-air mass dissemination

Experiments to realize the new definition of the kilogram will be carried out in vacuum. NIST has developed a magnetic suspension mass comparator to disseminate the new definition to air. This paper details the current status of the system. This includes results from recent work to characterize and improve the performance of the magnetic suspension portion of the system. A general overview of the system, as well as key results are given.
4 – ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CREMAINS: GROSS AND CHEMICAL METHODS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a detailed overview of the contemporary cremation process that begins with a human body and ends with a volume of inorganic matter that can fit in a small box or an urn. It discusses various methods that cremation analysts have traditionally used to analyze cremated remains. The chapter also explores the potential of using chemical methods that help to answer some basic questions about the elemental make-up and basic properties of cremated bones and teeth. The use of chemical methods for elemental analysis is now considered to be a regular step when analyzing cremains. In particular, chemical techniques can answer some basic questions about the composition of cremains that cannot be answered from gross and microscopic methods alone. Chemical methods can be used to determine whether the disputed cremains are comprised of bones or a foreign material that was substituted for the cremains. Chemical methods may provide the only supporting evidence for the identification of cremains by detecting elevated levels of normal minor elements found in bone tissue or the presence of rare trace elements that were acquired during the decedent's life.
Leader Political Support Measure Development and Construct Validation

Organizational politics long has been considered a negative phenomenon, but scholars have noted it is an unavoidable part of organizational life. As such, much research has been devoted to explorin...
Cationic cerium(IV) complexes with multiple open coordination sites

Abstract Oxidation of in situ generated CeIII(atrane) (atrane = [N(CH2C(CH3)2O)3]3–) with iodine or FcBArF afforded the novel cationic tetravalent cerium salts [CeIV(atrane)(thf)3][I3] and [CeIV(atrane)(thf)3][BArF], both of which showed coordination by three THF molecules.
HIN2Vec: Explore Meta-paths in Heterogeneous Information Networks for Representation Learning

In this paper, we propose a novel representation learning framework, namely HIN2Vec, for heterogeneous information networks (HINs). The core of the proposed framework is a neural network model, also called HIN2Vec, designed to capture the rich semantics embedded in HINs by exploiting different types of relationships among nodes. Given a set of relationships specified in forms of meta-paths in an HIN, HIN2Vec carries out multiple prediction training tasks jointly based on a target set of relationships to learn latent vectors of nodes and meta-paths in the HIN. In addition to model design, several issues unique to HIN2Vec, including regularization of meta-path vectors, node type selection in negative sampling, and cycles in random walks, are examined. To validate our ideas, we learn latent vectors of nodes using four large-scale real HIN datasets, including Blogcatalog, Yelp, DBLP and U.S. Patents, and use them as features for multi-label node classification and link prediction applications on those networks. Empirical results show that HIN2Vec soundly outperforms the state-of-the-art representation learning models for network data, including DeepWalk, LINE, node2vec, PTE, HINE and ESim, by 6.6% to 23.8% of $micro$-$f_1$ in multi-label node classification and 5% to 70.8% of $MAP$ in link prediction.
Tissue expander-stimulated lengthening of arteries for the treatment of midaortic syndrome in children

Abstract Background Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare condition characterized by stenosis of the abdominal aorta. Patients with disease refractory to medical management will usually require either endovascular therapy or surgery with use of prosthetic graft material for bypass or patch angioplasty. We report our early experience with a novel approach using a tissue expander (TE) to lengthen the normal native arteries in children with MAS, allowing primary aortic repair without the need for prosthetic graft material. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients with MAS undergoing the TE-stimulated lengthening of arteries (TESLA) procedure at our institution from 2010 to 2014. Data are presented as mean (range). Results Five patients aged 4.8 years (3-8 years) underwent the TESLA procedure. Stages of this procedure include the following: stage I, insertion of retroaortic TE; stage II, serial TE injections; and stage III, final repair with excision of aortic stenosis and primary end-to-end aortic anastomosis. Stage II was completed in 4 months (1-9 months) with 12 (7-20) TE injections. Goal lengthening was achieved in all patients. Stage III could not be completed in one patient because of extreme aortic inflammation, which precluded safe excision of the aortic stenosis and required use of a prosthetic bypass graft. The other four patients completed stage III with two (one to three) additional vessels also requiring reconstruction (renal or mesenteric arteries). At 3.2 years (1-6 years) of follow-up, all patients are doing well. Conclusions The TESLA procedure allows surgical correction of MAS without the need for prosthetic grafts in young children who are still growing.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the covariant Lyapunov vectors of chaotic convection.

We explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of the spectrum of covariant Lyapunov vectors for chaotic Rayleigh-B\'enard convection. We use the inverse participation ratio to quantify the amount of spatial localization of the covariant Lyapunov vectors. The covariant Lyapunov vectors are found to be spatially localized at times when the instantaneous covariant Lyapunov exponents are large. The spatial localization of the Lyapunov vectors often occurs near defect structures in the fluid flow field. There is an overall trend of decreasing spatial localization of the Lyapunov vectors with increasing index of the vector. The spatial localization of the covariant Lyapunov vectors with positive Lyapunov exponents decreases an order of magnitude faster with increasing vector index than all of the remaining vectors that we have computed. We find that a weighted covariant Lyapunov vector is useful for the visualization and interpretation of the significant connections between the Lyapunov vectors and the flow field patterns.
On the Periphery of the Periphery

The title of this book, On the Periphery of the Periphery, is a not so subtle allusion to the nature of historical relationships, first between the Yucatan Peninsula and greater Mexico, and second between Yucatan and evolving global economic, political, and social networks beginning in the late-eighteenth century. My theoretical approach to the history of the peninsula has developed out of particular research interests concerning the rise of capitalism and the modern global economy that has characterized an increasingly integrated world-system. As an archaeologist I am particularly interested in how the local, as expressed through archaeological remains and landscapes, articulated with larger global processes to create change in the lives of individuals. My approach has been at once to place both the local region within the larger context of national and world dynamics, and at the same time to elucidate the larger contexts of nation and world within the dynamics of the local. It is from this perspective – the interrelatedness of cultural systems in a global context – that I approach the study of hacienda/plantation archaeology.
Nonhomogeneous materials with cracks

A nonhomogeneous material has properties that vary as a function of position in the body. Composite materials such as laminates possess nonhomogeneity of a discontinuous nature. The material properties in one lamina may be different from another although each of the lamina may still be homogeneous. The development of laminate plate theories will be covered subsequently in Chapter 6 for plate bending and Chapter 7 for plate extension. This chapter shall consider a class of crack problems in which the shear modulus is a continuous function of the space variable while the Poisson ratio is kept constant for the sake of simplicity. Such an idealization offers a considerable amount of simplification to the analysis and leads to crack tip stress singularities that are qualitatively different from the inverse square root of r type for the homogeneous material.
Large systems software implementation

We in the software professions have a long road yet to travel before we reach full professional maturity. Yet, in the last thirty years we have probably evolved faster towards that maturity than other professions before us and we have done it in a briefer timeframe. Think how long it took before the practitioners of law and medicine had to wait to be called professionals, how long it took for them to develop their professional ethos, how long before they had established the methodologies that helped them to perform to their best professional capabilities, and how long before they had integrated feedback of data and information to foster a continuously improving profession. If you perhaps find that law and medicine have less of a relationship to programming than you believe appropriate, then ask the same questions about engineering. How many hundreds of years did it take engineering to evolve to the level of maturity that we in software anticipate we will soon enjoy.
The Use of Bortezomib in Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

High dose therapy and autologous peripheral blood or bone marrow transplantation represents a significant therapeutic advance for patients with multiple myeloma. While patients who undergo autologous transplantation have an improvement in overall survival compared to those who do not, the procedure is not curative. As the practice has become more widely used, it has become clear that methods to enhance the efficacy of transplantation are needed. The use of cytogenetics and FISH as a method by which to identify good or poor risk patients allows for more informed decisions about the durability of HDT and provides useful information to the clinician regarding the potential need of maintenance therapy in the post transplant period. Similarly, the use of more effective induction regimens have also had a significant impact on the depth of pre transplant response, as well as post transplant duration of remission. Finally, modifying the conditioning regimen itself represents yet another method by which the efficacy of autologous transplant can be further enhanced. These strategies to improve the outcomes of the transplant process for patients with multiple myeloma are currently the focus of existing and ongoing trials.
Neutron spectrum and radial power distribution measurements in a TRIGA reactor fuel element

The neutron spectrum in the Illinois Advanced TRIGA Reactor was measured by a crystal spectrometer utilizing an LiF(1, 1, 1) crystal monochromator whose reflectivity was determined experimentally. The fission heat source distribution in a fuel element was also determined as a function of the fuel element temperature. These two measurements were used to investigate the effects of fuel element temperature and the local core loading on the thermal diffusion length in a fuel element. Changes in the thermal diffusion lengths during a reactor pulse underlie the proposed temperature feedback mechanism for the ZrH fuel material. The results of the measurements confirm, in part, this proposed temperature feedback mechanism.
The effects of a randomized trial of brief forms of stress management on RAGE-associated S100A8/A9 in patients with breast cancer undergoing primary treatment

BACKGROUND Women with breast cancer (BCa) experience heightened distress, which is related to greater inflammation and poorer outcomes. The s100 protein family facilitates the inflammatory response by regulating myeloid cell function through the binding of Toll-like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The heterodimer s100A8/A9 RAGE ligand is associated with hastened tumor development and metastasis. Previously, a 10-week stress-management intervention using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training (RT) was associated with less leukocyte inflammatory gene expression in patients with BCa; however, its impact on s100A8/A9 was not examined. Because a 10-week intervention may be impractical during primary treatment for BCa, the authors developed briefer forms of CBT and RT and demonstrated their efficacy in reducing distress over 12 months of primary treatment. Here, the effects of these briefer interventions were tested effects on s100A8/A9 levels over the initial 12 months of BCa treatment. METHODS Postsurgical patients with BCa (stage 0-IIIB) were randomized to a 5-week, group-based condition: CBT, RT, or health education control (HE). At baseline and at 12 months, women provided sera from which s100A8/A9 levels were determined using any enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.81 ± 9.63 years) who were assigned to either CBT (n = 41) or RT (n = 38) had significant s100A8/A9 decreases over 12 months compared with those who were assigned to HE (n = 44; F[1,114] = 4.500; P = .036) controlling for age, stage, time since surgery, and receipt of chemotherapy or radiation. Greater increases in stress-management skills from preintervention to postintervention predicted greater reductions in s100A8/A9 levels over 12 months (β = -0.379; t[101] = -4.056; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Brief, postsurgical, group-based stress management reduces RAGE-associated s100A8/A9 ligand levels during primary treatment for BCa.
Characteristics of a Naturalized Kokanee Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Population in Atypical Habitat

Kokanee salmon are a dwarf freshwater form of the anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) native to the Pacific coast of North America and Asia and widely introduced in western North America as a sport and prey fish. Few kokanee salmon introductions have succeeded in eastern North America. A naturalized population of kokanee salmon has persisted for over 50 yr in Florence Lake, Wisconsin, an unlikely location given its relatively small size (21.4 ha), shallow maximum depth (7.6 m), low elevation (381 m), and southerly latitude (45.12°N). Kokanee salmon completed their entire life cycle within the lake and rarely entered an accessible coldwater inlet stream. Spawning occurred during late October and early November along the lake shoreline. Spawning redds with defending males were observed in 1–2 m of water on sand/gravel/ cobble substrate. Kokanee salmon growth in the lake was relatively rapid, and fish had a mean total length of 117 mm after their first growing season (age 0+), 212 mm after their second (age 1+), begin to mature and spawn after their third (age 2+) at 317 mm for females and 324 mm for males, and were at 344 mm for females and 354 mm for males after their fourth (age 3+). Few fish reproduced at age 4+. Despite limited oxy-thermal habitat during summer, kokanee salmon appear to thrive in Florence Lake, perhaps because of cold inflows from the inlet and springs within the lake.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices vs. Cardiac Transplantation: The Age Factor

Background Outcomes of patients bridged with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) when compared to primary cardiac transplantation may vary by age group. Methods Single-center study of patients who underwent cardiac transplantation or LVAD implantation. The study population was categorized by age groups. Group 1 included patients under 50 years of age, while Group 2 included patients over 50 years of age. For each age group, separate analyses of baseline demographics and outcomes were compared between 3 subgroups: patients bridged with an LVAD (BTT-LVAD group), primary cardiac transplantation patients (TXP group), and destination therapy (DT-LVAD group). For the BTT-LVAD group, survival was assessed from time of LVAD implantation and included days alive after cardiac transplantation. For the TXP group, survival was defined as days alive since transplantation. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze survival between groups. Results A total of 380 patients were analyzed in the study. 136 patients were included in Group 1 (35.8%). At baseline, no significant differences with regards to age, gender, ethnicity and BMI were noted among subgroups. During the study period, 76% of Group 1 BTT-LVAD patients underwent transplantation. A high survival rate was observed with no significant differences in 1-year survival noted between subgroups (Group 1 BTT-LVAD: 96%; Group 1 TXP: 97.3%; Group 1 DT-LVAD:91.8%, p=0.472). 3-year survival remained high in Group 1 BTT-LVAD patients, but a significant decrease in survival of both Group 1 TXP and DT-LVAD was noted (Fig. A). Group 2 patients comprised 244 patients (64.2% of total population; Group 2 BTT-LVAD: 36.1.%; Group 2 TXP: 25.4%; Group 2 DT-LVAD: 38.5%). At baseline, no significant differences with regards to age, gender, BMI were noted among subgroups. Group 2 DT-LVAD had a higher proportion of black patients. During the study period, 76% of Group 2 BTT-LVAD patients underwent transplantation. A high survival rate was observed in Group 2 with no significant differences in 1-year survival noted between subgroups (Group 2 BTT-LVAD: 95.5%; Group 2 TXP: 87.1%; Group 2 DT-LVAD: 88.3%, p=0.14). 3-year survival remained high in Group 2 BTT-LVAD and TXP, but a significant decrease in survival of Group 2 DT-LVAD was noted (Fig. B). Conclusions Our study showed exceptionally high mid- and long-term survival rates in patients bridged with a LVAD in both age groups. While a TXP strategy may be reasonable in older patients, younger patients who underwent TXP had a significant decline in survival at 3 and 5 years. Conversely, outcomes of DT-LVAD therapy in younger patients continues to improve.
Nutrient Reduction of Dairy Manure Through Solid-Liquid Separation with Flocculation and Subsequent Microalgal Treatment

High concentrations of dairy operations in Southern Idaho have brought up big challenges for proper manure management to alleviate the eutrophication stress. In order to explore more technologies confronting the high nutrient load in dairy manure, a sequential process combining enhanced solid-liquid separation through flocculation-centrifuge and the subsequent microalgal growth in the liquid part was studied in this study. Solid-liquid separation by flocculation-centrifuge process, using a natural flocculant chitosan and a flocculation aid kaolin, was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) technique using central composite design (CCD) method. Under the optimal flocculation-centrifuge pretreatment, i.e., the maximal total suspended solid (turbidity) removal group, turbidity, COD, TKN, and TP have been removed by 92.7%, 72.6%, 58.7%, and 43.0%, respectively. Applying 2-fold dilution, the supernatant from this treatment was further used for microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivation. COD, TKN, and TP were further reduced by 82.2%, 90.1%, and 83.4%, respectively. Turbidity was largely removed from the original dairy manure, providing a relatively clear solution that became suitable for photo-mixotrophic culture of microalgae.
How do latent decoding and language predict latent reading comprehension: across two years in grades 5, 7, and 9?

This investigation examined the structural relations among latent variables of language, decoding, and reading comprehension, invariance of the patterns of predictions, and unique and common variance over two years in grade cohorts 5 to 6, 7 to 8, and 9 to 10. Participants were 321 students in grade 5 in six elementary schools, 299 students in grade 7 in three middle schools, and 137 students in grades 9 in one high school in Florida. The dimensionality of language measures (vocabulary and syntax) and decoding measures (real word and nonword fluency) was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and related to a reading comprehension factor consisting of state and national tests. Structural relations among language, decoding, and reading comprehension were stable across grade cohorts. The interaction of decoding and language in predicting reading comprehension was significant only in the grade 5 cohort, thereby confirming a multiplicative functional form only in that cohort. Multiple group invariance testing using structural equation modeling allowed results across grade cohorts to be compared, revealing the increasing importance of language over decoding to predicting reading comprehension in the middle and high school cohorts. By high school, language and reading comprehension were essentially one dimension. The contribution of shared variance in language comprehension and decoding in jointly predicting reading comprehension was large in all cohorts. Implications for the Simple View of Reading and for education are discussed.
The feasibility and safety of obtaining research kidney biopsy cores in patients with diabetes an interim analysis of the trident study

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) accounts for nearly half of all CKD in the United States. The diagnosis of DKD is usually made clinically, on the basis of longstanding (>5 years) diabetes or concurrent microvascular complications, and the presence of albuminuria and/or decreased eGFR. The
An unexpected adult onset genetic disease in a former late preterm infant

An 8-week-old, former 35 weeker boy, was admitted to the hospital for increased work of breathing, cough, and stridor. Given his arrival in winter, respiratory viruses were suspected but workup including RSV and influenza returned negative. Instead, his physical examination revealed a significant pectus excavatum, micrognathia, hypospadias, and sacral dimples. He also possessed stridor that was both inspiratory and expiratory, worsening with changes in neck position. Subsequent investigation for intra- and extrathoracic obstruction including tracheomalacia, vascular rings and airway polyps with CT angiogram and esophagram returned negative. ENT was subsequently …
The association between subcontractor safety management programs and worker perceived safety climate in commercial construction projects.

Abstract Problem: Safety management programs (SMPs) are designed to mitigate risk of workplace injuries and create a safe working climate. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the relationship between contractors’ SMPs and workers’ perceived safety climate and safety behaviors among small and medium-sized construction subcontractors. Methods: Subcontractor SMP scores on 18 organizational and project-level safety items were coded from subcontractors’ written safety programs and interviews. Workers completed surveys to report perceptions of their contractor’s safety climate and the safety behaviors of coworkers, crews, and themselves. The associations between SMP scores and safety climate and behavior scales were examined using Spearman correlation and hierarchical linear regression models (HLM). Results: Among 78 subcontractors working on large commercial construction projects, we found striking differences in SMP scores between small, medium, and large subcontractors (p
A Finite-Element Analysis of Stable Crack Growth—I

A finite-element methodology is developed to study the phenomenon of stable crack growth in two-dimensional problems involving ductile materials. Crack growth is simulated by (1) the translation in steps, of a core of sector elements, with embedded singularities of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengran type by an arbitrary amount, Aa in each step, in the desired direction; (2) reinterpolation of the requisite data in the new finite-element mesh; and (3) incremental relaxation of tractions in order to create a new crack face of length Δa. Steps 1 and 2 were followed by corrective equilibrium-check iterations. A finite deformation analysis based on the incremental updated Lagrangian formulation of the hybrid-displacement finite-element method is used. The present procedure is used to simulate available experimental data on stable crack growth, and thus to study the variation during crack growth of certain physical parameters that may govern the stability of such growth and the subsequent onset of rapid fracture. Attention is focused in this study on the following parameters: G* Δ , the energy release to the crack tip per unit crack growth, for growth in finite steps Aa, calculated from global energy balance considerations; G p z Δ the energy release to a finite "process zone" near the crack tip per unit crack growth, for growth in finite steps Δa, calculated again from global energy balance considerations; and the crack opening angles. However, the work reported here is limited to the first phase of our study, that is, to simulation of available experimental data.
Light hadrons in 2 + 1 flavor lattice QCD

This talk will focus on recent results by the MILC collaboration from simulations of light hadrons in 2 + 1 flavor lattice QCD. We have achieved high precision results in the pseudoscalar sector, including masses and decay constants, plus quark masses and Gasser-Leutwyler parameters from well controlled chiral perturbation theory fits to our data. We also show spectroscopy results for vector mesons and baryons.