cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polysiloxane dizwitterionomers. V. Microstructure and mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of the polysiloxane dizwitterionomers change dramatically with a tenfold increase in the ionic content, from soft, weak materials to hard, strong rubbers. The effects of the zwitterion concentration and the unique morphology on the elastic modulus can be explained by treating this series of ionomers as composites. Macro- and microfibrillation were observed in 1- and 2-mole % zwitterion samples before the ultimate break and are probably due to reorientation of the ionic domains parallel to the stress direction so that cracks could propagate in the direction of the stress.
Slow dynamics of water molecules in an aqueous solution of lithium chloride probed by neutron spin-echo

Aqueous solutions of lithium chloride are uniquely similar to pure water in the parameters such as glass transition temperature, Tg, yet they could be supercooled without freezing down to below 200 K even in the bulk state. This provides advantageous opportunity to study low-temperature dynamics of water molecules in water-like environment in the bulk rather than nano-confined state. Using high-resolution neutron spin-echo data, we argue that the critical temperature, Tc, which is also common between lithium chloride aqueous solutions and pure water, is associated with the split of a secondary relaxation from the main structural relaxation on cooling down. Our results do not allow distinguishing between a well-defined separate secondary relaxation process and the “excess wing” scenario, in which the temperature dependence of the secondary relaxation follows the main relaxation. Importantly, however, in either of these scenarios the secondary relaxation is associated with density–density fluctuations, measurable in a neutron scattering experiment. Neutron scattering could be the only experimental technique with the capability of providing information on the spatial characteristics of the secondary relaxation through the dependence of the signal on the scattering momentum transfer. We propose a simple method for such analysis.
Continuous Infusion of Coagulation Factor Products

OBJECTIVE:To review clinical information related to the use of continuous infusion factor products in patients with hemophilia. Specifically, case reports and open-label trials are summarized involving the use of factor VIII and recombinant factor VIIa for a variety of indications including surgical prophylaxis, acute bleeding, primary prevention, and management of inhibitors. In addition, issues surrounding the use of continuous infusion of factor products such as pharmacokinetic rationale, stability/sterility, and cost are reviewed.DATA SOURCES:Primary and review articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1990–June 2001) and through secondary sources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated, and all information deemed relevant was included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:Data concerning the administration of factor products are primarily detailed in open-label trials and case reports. Comparisons between intermittent bolus injections and cont...
Using Clinical Trial End Points to Risk Stratify Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Regardless of the study drug being tested, as part of a clinical trial, the subject population commonly includes a range of patients with the targeted disorder. The overriding purpose of a clinical trial is to estimate the average effect of the intervention on the study population. Registration trials require the development of prospective protocols and analysis plans that describe the inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients, the treatment and its delivery, outcome assessment, and the statistical analyses. A key feature is the prospective identification of both primary and secondary outcome measures. Clinicians want to know the likely benefits and risks for an individual patient. However, applying clinical trial outcomes to study population subgroups or individual patients can be challenging. The treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has changed considerably since the first PAH-specific agent, epoprostenol, was approved in 1995.1,2 Therapeutic options now target 3 pathways that include the prostacyclin pathway, the endothelin pathway, and the nitric oxide pathway,3,4 either as monotherapy or in combination. The World Health Organization (WHO) functional classification is a measure of disease severity based on a patient’s description of their level of function and symptoms of disease in relation to their everyday activity. WHO functional class (FC) is a strong predictor of survival, both before and during treatment,5–7 but surprisingly has little correlation with degree of hemodynamic abnormality.8 In untreated patients with idiopathic PAH or heritable PAH, historical data showed a median survival of 6 months for WHO FC IV, 2.5 years for WHO FC III, and 6 years for WHO FC I and II.9 However, WHO FC is a subjective measure that is also affected by comorbidities such as connective tissue disease, obesity, and age, to name a few. Although lacking on …
Caregiving as a Public Health Issue: Framing Policy Discussions

Industrialized nations, Canada included, face potential care crises brought about by decreasing fertility rates, increasing longevity and changing patterns of work, family life and migration. Predicted shortages of caregivers alongside the challenges of caregiving call for the identification of ways to support caregivers and facilitate and reward care work. This article identifies and expands on several key barriers to developing meaningful care policies aimed at supporting informal caregivers. Where appropriate, relevant research, practice and policy implications are discussed. To develop effective policies, it is essential to: recognize heterogeneity among informal caregivers; conceptualize informal care as part of the formal system; and use a proactive, multi-faceted and multi-level approach to supporting care work. Caregiving policies aimed at promoting and protecting the well-being of individuals, families and communities and effectively stewarding individual and collective resources are needed now and in the future.
Dietary restriction as a probe of mechanisms of senescence.

With the passage of time, changes of a deteriorative nature occur in most, if not all, living creatures, which are referred to as aging. The nature of the fundamental biological processes underlying aging is not known; moreover, this state of almost total ignorance has made it difficult to design studies that yield insights about aging processes.
The Number of Irreducible Polynomials of Degree n Over Gf(p)

(1970). The Number of Irreducible Polynomials of Degree n Over Gf(p) The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 7, pp. 743-745.
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF INBREEDING AND MATERNAL SEX IN DETERMINING PROGENY FITNESS IN SIDALCEA OREGANA SSP. SPICATA, A GYNODIOECIOUS PLANT.

Gynodioecious plant populations contain both hermaphrodite and female individuals. For females to be maintained they must compensate for their loss of reproductive fitness through pollen. Females may achieve compensation by producing more and/or higher quality seeds than hermaphrodites. In this study, I investigated the independent and interactive effects of maternal sexual identity and inbreeding level on fitness of the progeny of hermaphrodites and females of Sidalcea oregana ssp.spicata. Seeds produced by selling hermaphrodites and by outcrossing or sib-crossing hermaphrodites and females, were planted in the field and greenhouse. Maternal-sex effects were substantial at the juvenile stages of the life cycle; seeds of females germinated in higher proportions and produced seedlings that grew significantly faster. Inbreeding effects were manifested primarily at the adult stage of the life cycle. Outcrossed plants were significantly larger and produced more flowers per plant than sib-crossed and selfed plants growing in the greenhouse. Progeny of hermaphrodites and females appeared to respond similarly to sib-matings. The maternal-sex effects observed in Sidalcea may have been related to cytoplasmically inherited factors and could be a driving force in the maintenance of females. Inbreeding depression could play a role in determining the fitness of both sex morphs, if females experience biparental inbreeding in the field. Frequent inbreeding of hermaphrodites may not be necessary to explain the maintenance of gynodioecy in this species.
Taoism, Pre-Taoism and Origin of Laozi′s Doctrine

Is the school of Taoism a real school in the period of Pre Qin? As we know, there is not any historical record. But we may think that the school of Taoism had existed from the point of view of Idea of Tao. This article is exploring Pre Taoism′ ideas, the Origin of Taoism and LaoZi′ doctrine.
Concentrations of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in pituitary and serum of horses: effect of sex, season and reproductive state.

Pituitary and serum from 86 male or female horses of various reproductive states were collected in the normal breeding season (summer) and in the nonbreeding season (winter) at a commercial slaughterhouse. Concentrations of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and reproductive steroids in serum and gross appearance of the reproductive tract and gonads were used to catagorize reproductive state. Concentrations of PRL were higher (P less than .01) in summer than in winter in pituitary and serum of mares, stallions and geldings. In summer, mares had higher (P less than .01) concentrations of PRL in serum than stallions. In mares, concentrations of LH in pituitary were higher (P less than .05) in summer than in winter. Concentrations of LH in serum were higher (P less than .01) in summer than in winter in mares and geldings, higher (P less than .01) in mares than in stallions in summer, higher (P less than .01) in geldings than in stallions in summer and higher (P less than .01) in mares with low serum progesterone (P) concentrations than in mares with high P concentrations in summer. Concentrations of FSH in pituitary and serum did not differ between summer and winter for any type of horse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Building a More Complete Understanding of Teacher Evaluation Using Classroom Observations

Improving teacher evaluation is one of the most pressing but also contested areas of educational policy. Value-added measures have received much of the attention in new evaluation systems, but they can only be used to evaluate a fraction of teachers. Classroom observations are almost universally used to assess teachers, yet their statistical properties have received far less empirical scrutiny, in particular in consequential evaluation systems. In this essay, we highlight some conceptual and empirical challenges that are similar across these different measures of teacher quality. Based on a review of empirical research, we argue that we need much more research focused on observations as performance measures. We conclude by sketching out an agenda for future research in this area.
Buffered Interconnects in 3D IC Layout Design

A very important challenge in designing through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3D ICs is to accurately estimate, through all stages of the physical design, the interconnect delay which is strongly dependent on the layout of 3D IC. The earlier in the design process and more accurate it can be done; the better design decisions can be made. Incorporating an optimal buffer insertion approach in the early layout design stage can significantly minimize delay and power in 3D circuits. Unlike 2D ICs, buffer insertion in 3D ICs needs careful consideration of additional design constraints in interconnects spanning multiple device layers. In this paper, we propose a novel buffer insertion scheme for delay optimization during 3D floorplanning. For individual 3D nets, the algorithm efficiently computes the desired distance between consecutive buffers (buffer insertion length), which depends on the non-negligible TSV RC delay contribution of the net. This technique of variable buffer insertion length, used during floorplanning, allows optimizing buffers for individual 3D interconnects and reduces overall buffer count by up to 25% and total power consumption by up to 12%. The proposed approach also includes a method for buffer insertion around a TSV, based on the TSV location and its RC delay. Our experiments suggest that the proposed method of buffer planning around TSVs avoids delay violation and reduces delay across TSVs up to 11%, minimizing buffer usage. The paper also analyzes the impact of key parameters such as buffer size and TSV contact resistance on the delay and power dissipation in 3D interconnects.
Models of Care for Children with Medical Complexity

Children with medical complexity (CMC) represent a small percentage of children overall, but account for a disproportionate percentage of pediatric medical expenditures. CMC and their families have specific needs related to the chronicity of their medical and developmental conditions which require expertise in management, and a broad range of needs for subspecialty care, therapies and ancillary services. What’s more, their care is time consuming and, often, management of their non-acute needs is poorly reimbursed. A number of novel programs have emerged to address the special needs of this important population of children. These programs are diverse, but have in common the provision of comprehensive and coordinated care, emphasis on enhanced communication between all providers and caregivers, improved patient access to all needed elements of care, and proactive anticipation of a child’s potential problems and functional limitations. Examples of both ambulatory and inpatient models are outlined in this chapter. There is no single idealized model of care for all CMC. Instead, elements of the models discussed can be applied to a given system’s resources, personnel, patient needs, and population to construct a model that will best fit a given situation.
Progress in Bolivia: Declining the United States Influence and the Victories of Evo Morales:

This article provides an assessment of economic and social progress in Bolivia under Evo Morales. An examination of the leading factors that explain Bolivia’s turn to the left is offered, focusing on how the US policies and actions contributed to the collapse of the old regime. The social and economic policy directions since Morales assumed office is presented, followed by a discussion of the process of creating a Bolivian understanding of democracy, one that is deeper and richer than the nation has experienced heretofore.
Understanding Intermediate-Level Speakers’ Strengths and Weaknesses: An Examination of OPIc Tests From Korean Learners of English

This study profiled Intermediate-level learners in terms of their linguistic characteristics and performance on different proficiency tasks. A stratified random sample of 300 Korean learners of English with holistic ratings of Intermediate Low (IL), Intermediate Mid (IM), and Intermediate High (IH) on Oral Proficiency Interviews-computerized (OPIcs)—100 at each level—were analyzed by trained ACTFL raters to determine what was needed for the learners to progress to the next higher sublevel. The findings indicate that while ILs minimally met all the linguistic characteristics required of the Intermediate level, they needed to improve in the quantity and quality of all the linguistic characteristics they employed and improve their mastery of the types and variety of questions they could use when performing Intermediate tasks to move to the IM sublevel. In contrast, IMs demonstrated a pattern of strength when completing Intermediate tasks, but to move to the IH sublevel they needed to improve their ability to perform all Advanced-level tasks, especially in terms of accuracy when using paragraph-length discourse. Similar to the IMs, for the IHs to move to the Advanced Low sublevel, they needed to improve their accuracy with paragraph-length discourse and expand their content mastery to beyond the autobiographical.
Selected missense mutations impair frataxin processing in Friedreich ataxia.

Objective Frataxin (FXN) is a highly conserved mitochondrial protein. Reduced FXN levels cause Friedreich ataxia, a recessive neurodegenerative disease. Typical patients carry GAA repeat expansions on both alleles, while a subgroup of patients carry a missense mutation on one allele and a GAA repeat expansion on the other. Here, we report that selected disease-related FXN missense mutations impair FXN localization, interaction with mitochondria processing peptidase, and processing. Methods Immunocytochemical studies and subcellular fractionation were performed to study FXN import into the mitochondria and examine the mechanism by which mutations impair FXN processing. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed to study the interaction between FXN and mitochondrial processing peptidase. A proteasome inhibitor was used to model traditional therapeutic strategies. In addition, clinical profiles of subjects with and without point mutations were compared in a large natural history study. Results FXNI154F and FXNG130V missense mutations decrease FXN81–210 levels compared with FXNWT, FXNR165C, and FXNW155R, but do not block its association with mitochondria. FXNI154F and FXNG130V also impair FXN maturation and enhance the binding between FXN42–210 and mitochondria processing peptidase. Furthermore, blocking proteosomal degradation does not increase FXN81–210 levels. Additionally, impaired FXN processing also occurs in fibroblasts from patients with FXNG130V. Finally, clinical data from patients with FXNG130V and FXNI154F mutations demonstrates a lower severity compared with other individuals with Friedreich ataxia. Interpretation These data suggest that the effects on processing associated with FXNG130V and FXNI154F mutations lead to higher levels of partially processed FXN, which may contribute to the milder clinical phenotypes in these patients.
Patterns of Variation in the Seed Morphology of Iva annua var. macrocarpa, an Extinct North American Domesticate

Using measurements from archaeological achenes of the extinct North American cultigen marshelder (Iva annua var. macrocarpa [S.F. Blake] R.C. Jackson), we quantitatively explore patterns of variation of fruit length and width across mid-continental North America. Linear regression shows that while achene length and width increase significantly over time (length: p-value<0.0001, b=-126.04, r2=0.1037, width: p-value<0.0001, b=-230.85, r2=0.0964), overall, regions tend to show more variation. A high incidence of phenotypic variation among domesticated marshelder as measured by coefficient of variation may be a result of introgression with wild stands. An ANOVA Tukey post-hoc analysis of archaeological site samples resulted in homogeneous subsets which correspond to region with some overlap, interpreted as a cline. These results and the low numbers of wild-sized achenes in archaeological marshelder samples of eastern Kentucky support human introduction of domesticated marshelder into this region. Marshelder in the archaeological record reflects the long-standing mixed economies of hunting-gathering and agriculture used by indigenous communities of eastern North America.
Is “Lox Clean” Enough?

Inspection of a new liquid oxygen (LOX) component revealed that it was not visibly clean. A sampling procedure was developed to sample the contaminant for chemical analysis, the composition of the contaminant was determined, and the component was cleaned. Finally, an assessment is made of the hazards of using commercially available "LOX CLEAN" cloths, glowes, wipes, etc. The need for standards for "LOX CLRAN" are addressed and the contamination potential to optical systems and critical electronic components is noted.
PLATELET MONOAMINE OXIDASE AS A BIOLOGICAL MARKER IN THE AFFECTIVE DISORDERS AND ALCOHOLISM

ABSTRACT A series of studies have shown that monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in human platelets is essentially identical in properties to MAO type B measured in other human tissues including brain. According to twin and family investigations in normals, platelet MAO activity is predominantly under genetic control. Differences in MAO activity between various psychiatric patient groups and controls have been frequently reported, with alcoholic and bipolar I affective disorder patients most often found to have reduced platelet MAO activity, while in some studies patients with secondary or non-endogenous unipolar affective disorders have been found to have higher MAO activity. Family members of alcoholic and bipolar affective disorder patients also have MAO values and/or incidences of these disorders different from controls, a finding which has been interpreted as suggesting that altered MAO activity may not be just a marker for these disorders, but might represent a familial or even genetic vulnerability factor or risk factor. However, inconsistencies across the different reports in the literature and various ways in which exogenous factors (including non-specific stress factors and drug treatment) may have affected the results limit the conclusions which can be drawn from many of the present investigations in patients. These factors have been quite comprehensively studied in the investigations of platelet MAO, and since similar factors can be expected to affect other currently-studied biological features of psychiatric disorders, their delineation may provide useful perspectives for evaluating other putative biological markers for psychopathology and for designing future studies in this important area of investigation.
Role of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection is a catastrophic medical emergency if not recognized early and treated promptly. There is no survival study of untreated dissection to assess the natural history. Nevertheless, the prognosis has been shown to be poor Open image in new window Figure 4.1. This bar graph demonstrates the Stanford surgical mortality for aortic dissection from 1963 to 1992. There is a small but no significant improvement over the past 30 years despite significant improvement in surgical techniques. Reprinted with permission, from reference 2. for untreated aortic dissection1. Advances in the diagnosis of aortic dissection along with early medical and surgical treatments have had a significant impact on the outcome. However, this has plateaued over the last two decades tikya 2. Advances in the imaging technology have allowed improved diagnosis of this entity3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. However, the myriad presentations of this disease9, 10 and the spectrum of pathology with atypical features on the imaging modality11 have often delayed its recognition. Unless a high index of suspicion exists, the diagnosis may not be made early enough to avoid the catastrophic natural history.
Coordination Issues in Supply Chain Planning and Scheduling

Network planning, production planning, and production scheduling are topics that have been discussed in the supply chain literature for many years. In this chapter we first provide an overview of all the different planning activities that can take place in supply chains while considering the existing functionalities that are available in commercial supply chain planning software. As a second step we consider the coordination and integration of these different activities in the implementation of a supply chain planning solution, which comprises network planning, production planning, and production scheduling. We conclude this chapter with a detailed discussion of an implementation of a supply chain planning solution at the tissue producer SCA Hygiene in Sweden.
College students’ knowledge about Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a serious health problem affecting millions around the world. Key to prevention is knowledge about the disease and the reproductive implications. This study explored co...
History of childhood adversity and coping strategies: Positive flow and creative experiences.

Abstract Background Acquiring more complex coping strategies despite a history of childhood adversity may transpire in settings outside the family home. Objectives The objectives of this cross-sectional study included investigating coping strategies under stressful situations in a non-clinical sample of active athletes and performing artists. Participants and Setting: In this community and university sample (n = 577), 40.4% had no ACEs, 43.4% had 1–3 ACEs, and 16.3% had ≥4 ACEs. Methods A series of multivariate analyses (gender and age included as covariates) were conducted to examine differences between the three ACE groups. Results Results indicated no between-subject differences between the three ACE groups for flow-like experiences during preferred activities, although gender differences were significant (p Conclusion Regardless of past childhood adversity history, this non-clinical high achieving sample was able to engage in a range of coping strategies under stress.
Perceived infertility and contraceptive use in the female, reproductive-age cancer survivor

Objective To estimate the association between perceived fertility potential and contraception use and to characterize factors important in contraceptive decision making in reproductive-age, female cancer survivors. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Participants were from two state cancer registries, physician referrals, and cancer survivor advocacy groups in the United States. Patient(s) A total of 483 female survivors aged 18–40 years. Intervention(s) Online questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure(s) Contraception use. Result(s) Eighty-four percent of participants used contraception; 49.7% used highly effective, World Health Organization tiers I and II methods (surgical sterilization, intrauterine devices, contraceptive implant, combined hormonal contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone acetate, progestin-only pills, contraceptive diaphragm). Contraception non-use was more common among survivors who perceived themselves to be infertile, compared with survivors who perceived themselves to be as or more fertile than similarly aged peers (prevalence ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.5–7.4). In mediation analysis that adjusted for clinical infertility, 59% of the association between prior chemotherapy and contraception non-use was explained by perceived infertility. Contraception efficacy (n = 62, 25.8%) and ease of use (n = 50, 20.8%) were the most cited reasons for using tier I/II methods; compared with lack of hormones (n = 81, 49.7%) as the predominant reason for using less-effective, tier III/IV methods. Conclusion(s) Although female, reproductive-age cancer survivors had high uptake of contraception, those who perceived themselves to be infertile were less likely to use contraception. Throughout survivorship, clinicians should counsel survivors on fertility potential in the context of their prior cancer treatments and on factors, including contraceptive efficacy and hormone-free contraception, that inform reproductive decision making in this population.
Critical behavior of the bulk viscosity in QCD

We study the behavior of the bulk viscosity $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ in QCD near a possible critical end point. We verify the expectation that $(\ensuremath{\zeta}/s)\ensuremath{\sim}a(\ensuremath{\xi}/{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}{)}^{{x}_{\ensuremath{\zeta}}}$, where $s$ is the entropy density, $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length, ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ is the noncritical correlation length, $a$ is a constant, and ${x}_{\ensuremath{\zeta}}\ensuremath{\simeq}3$. Using a recently developed equation of state that includes a critical point in the universality class of the Ising model we estimate the constant of proportionality $a$. We find that $a$ is typically quite small, $a\ensuremath{\sim}O({10}^{\ensuremath{-}4})$. We observe, however, that this result is sensitive to the commonly made assumption that the Ising temperature axis is approximately aligned with the QCD chemical potential axis. If this is not the case, then the critical $\ensuremath{\zeta}/s$ can approach the noncritical value of $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$, where $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is the shear viscosity, even if the enhancement of the correlation length is modest, $\ensuremath{\xi}/{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}2$.
Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Depression Among Individuals with Osteoarthritis: Post-Regression Linear Decomposition Approach

BACKGROUND Depression is common among individuals with osteoarthritis and leads to increased healthcare burden. The objective of this study was to examine excess total healthcare expenditures associated with depression among individuals with osteoarthritis in the US.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with an IRF2BP2-RARA fusion transcript: an aggressive APL variant.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is classically characterized by t(15;17) (q24.1; q21.2), which leads to the fusion of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on chromosome 15q24.1 and retinoic acid recepto...
An Alternating Manifold Proximal Gradient Method for Sparse Principal Component Analysis and Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis

Sparse principal component analysis and sparse canonical correlation analysis are two essential techniques from high-dimensional statistics and machine learning for analyzing large-scale data. Both...
Evidence for the Mycobacterial Mce4 Transporter Being a Multiprotein Complex.

ABSTRACT Mycobacteria possess Mce transporters that import lipids and are thought to function analogously to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, whereas ABC transporters import substrates using a single solute-binding protein (SBP) to deliver a substrate to permease proteins in the membrane, mycobacterial Mce transporters have a potential for six SBPs (MceA to MceF) working with a pair of permeases (YrbEA and YrbEB), a cytoplasmic ATPase (MceG), and multiple Mce-associated membrane (Mam) and orphaned Mam (Omam) proteins to transport lipids. In this study, we used the model mycobacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis to study the requirement for individual Mce, Mam, and Omam proteins in Mce4 transport of cholesterol. All of the Mce4 and Mam4 proteins we investigated were required for cholesterol uptake. However, not all Omam proteins, which are encoded by genes outside mce loci, proved to contribute to cholesterol import. OmamA and OmamB were required for cholesterol import, while OmamC, OmamD, OmamE, and OmamF were not. In the absence of any single Mce4, Mam4, or Omam protein that we tested, the abundance of Mce4A and Mce4E declined. This relationship between the levels of Mce4A and Mce4E and these additional proteins suggests a network of interactions that assemble and/or stabilize a multiprotein Mce4 transporter complex. Further support for Mce transporters being multiprotein complexes was obtained by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, in which we identified every single Mce, YrbE, MceG, Mam, and Omam protein with a role in cholesterol transport as associating with Mce4A. This study represents the first time any of these Mce4 transporter proteins has been shown to associate. IMPORTANCE How lipids travel between membranes of diderm bacteria is a challenging mechanistic question because lipids, which are hydrophobic molecules, must traverse a hydrophilic periplasm. This question is even more complex for mycobacteria, which have a unique cell envelope that is highly impermeable to molecules. A growing body of knowledge identifies Mce transporters as lipid importers for mycobacteria. Here, using protein stability experiments and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we provide evidence for mycobacterial Mce transporters existing as multiprotein complexes.
A Validation Study of the BRIEF-2 Among Kindergarteners and First Graders At-Risk for Behavior Problems:

Early identification of executive dysfunction and timely school-based intervention efforts are critical for students at risk for problematic behaviors during early elementary school. The original B...
Depression in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Setting.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: For most pediatric specialty clinics, mental health is not the primary presenting complaint, yet can portend unrecognized morbidity. We describe rates and risk factors of depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents seen at a pediatric specialty clinic and examine changes during COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database review. METHODS: Outpatient pediatric otolaryngology clinic encounters of patients aged 12-19 years at a tertiary academic medical center were identified from October 2018 to July 2020. Demographic characteristics, ICD-10 primary diagnosis, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 score, and PHQ-9 score (if administered) were obtained. Multivariable regression examined risk factors for PHQ-9 administration, PHQ-9 scores ≥10, and suicidal ideation. Patient characteristics and PHQ scores were compared before and after March 23, 2020 (California COVID-19 Stay-at-Home order). RESULTS: Three thousand six hundred nine encounters with PHQ-2 data were identified. Of these, 223 (6.2%) scored ≥3 and underwent PHQ-9 assessment, of which 121 (3.4% of 3,609) scored ≥10 on the PHQ-9 and 53 (1.5%) endorsed suicidal ideation. Factors associated with PHQ-9 administration were female gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, P = .001), obesity (OR 1.48, P = .043), and neck mass/neoplasm/cancer diagnosis (OR 1.99, P = .013). Female gender was also associated with suicidality (OR 2.47, P = .008). Comparison of pre-COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 showed no differences in depression or suicidality. However, subgroup analysis revealed some significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate substantial prevalence of positive depression screening and suicidal ideation among adolescent pediatric otolaryngology clinic encounters. Depression rates were similar to pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19, yet barriers to screening during this time were substantial. Pediatric specialty providers must remain vigilant for mental health issues in their patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
The Association of Race, Ethnicity, and Wages Among Registered Nurses in Long-term Care.

Author(s): Wagner, Laura M; Bates, Timothy; Spetz, Joanne | Abstract: ObjectiveThis study seeks to measure wage differences between registered nurses (RNs) working in long-term care (LTC) (eg, nursing homes, home health) and non-LTC settings (eg, hospitals, ambulatory care) and whether differences are associated with the characteristics of the RN workforce between and within settings.Study designThis was a cross-sectional design. This study used the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN) public-use file to examine RN employment and earnings.MethodsOur study population included a sample of 15,373 RNs who were employed at least 1000 hours in nursing in the past year and active in patient care. Characteristics such as race/ethnicity, type of RN degree completed, census region, and union status were included. Multiple regression analyses examined the effect of these characteristics on wages. Logistic regression was used to predict RN employment in LTC settings.ResultsRNs in LTC experienced lower wages compared with those in non-LTC settings, yet this difference was not associated with racial/ethnic or international educational differences. Among RNs working in LTC, lower wages were associated with part-time work, less experience, lack of union representation, and regional wage differences.ConclusionBecause RNs in LTC earn lower wages than RNs in other settings, policies to minimize pay inequities are needed to support the RN workforce caring for frail older adults.
Fatigue Behavior of Diffusion Bonded Ti-6A1-4V Having Very Small Defects

Diffusion bonding is presently under development as a manufacturing process for large complex structures. It is particularly advantageous for titanium alloy structures due to titanium’s ability to dissolve its own oxide, and it overcomes the problem associated with low hardenability and poor grain refinement in heavy sections. The size and complexity of aircraft parts frequently require immense slabs of plate material or huge forgings, the latter requiring very large presses, which in turn are machined to a small fraction of the original weight. Fabrication of a large complex shape by diffusion bonding offers the potential of immediate savings in material and machining requirements.
What (Epistemic) Benefit Inclusion

In his 1995 presidential address to the Philosophy of Education Society, Harvey Siegel advanced several theses regarding inclusion. In this essay I will challenge what I take to be the central one: Siegel’s claim that there are good reasons for embracing inclusion but they are moral, not epistemic. In general, we are required to include people in our various conversations to show respect for them, but including them in no way guarantees that what they have to say will get us any closer to the truth. As Siegel puts his thesis:
Risk Mitigation Strategies for Adverse Reactions Associated with the Disease-Modifying Drugs in Multiple Sclerosis

Over the past several years, the number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has doubled in number. The 13 approved agents have shown a wide range of efficacy and safety in their clinical trials and post-marketing experience. While the availability of the newer agents allows for a wider selection of therapy for clinicians and patients, there is a need for careful understanding of the benefits and risks of each agent. Several factors such as the medication efficacy, side-effect profile, patient's preference, and co-morbidities need to be considered. An individualized treatment approach is thus imperative. In this review, risk stratification and mitigation strategies of the various disease-modifying agents are discussed.
Experimental models of extensional forced folds

We have used single-layer and multilayer clay models to study the development of forced folds above normal faults. Our modeling results show that the deformation patterns associated with extensional forced folding depend on the dip of the underlying normal fault and the presence of layer-parallel detachments. In single-layer clay models, extensional forced folds are upward-widening monoclines. Anticlinal axial surfaces dip in the same direction as underlying master normal faults, and synclinal axial surfaces dip in the opposite direction of master normal faults. Most secondary faults are upward-steepening normal faults. If master normal faults are steeply dipping, however, many secondary normal faults become high-angle reverse faults at shallow depths. The propagation and linkage of secondary faults into through-going normal faults terminates the development of extensional forced folds. More folding occurs prior to fault linkage if the master normal fault is steeply dipping rather than gently dipping. Most dipping beds and secondary faults are preserved in the hanging walls of the through- oing normal faults. In multilayer clay models with layer-parallel detachments, extensional forced folds are also upward-widening monoclines. Slip on the lowest detachment laterally transfers extension induced by normal faulting and forced folding from the master normal fault to the detachment edge. Slip on overlying detachments accommodates minor thickness changes associated with upward-widening of the fold. Secondary faults include low-angle normal faults near the anticlinal axial surface, minor thrust faults near the synclinal axial surface, and high-angle normal faults above the detachment edge. The model-predicted deformation patterns are similar to those of extensional forced folds from the Gulf of Suez and offshore Norway. This similarity suggests that our modeling results apply to extensional forced folds and can provide guidelines for interpreting field, well, and seismic data.
Predictors of Axillary Vein Location for Vascular Access during Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Implantation

Background: The axillary vein is a commonly used extrathoracic access site for cardiac rhythm device lead implantation. We sought to describe variation in axillary vein location and identify predictors of a more cranial or caudal radiographic location to facilitate blind venous cannulation. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing lead implantation between 2006 and 2010. The cranial-caudal location of the axillary vein lateral and medial to the rib cage border was determined by reviewing peripheral contrast venograms. Multivariate linear regression was performed. Results: Of 155 patients, the majority were men (62%) and White (53%). The most frequent position of the lateral and medial axillary vein was over the third rib (40%) and top of the third rib (15%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, whites had a more caudal location of both the lateral (0.56 rib spaces lower, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.91, P = 0.002) and medial axillary vein (0.50 rib spaces lower, 95% CI 0.85–0.91, P = 0.019). Other independent predictors included an approximate 3–4% higher rib space location for every digit increase in body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.049 for the lateral location and P = 0.016 for the medial location) and an approximate half rib space higher location for males (P = 0.015 for the lateral location and P = 0.013 for the medial location). Conclusions: The most common radiographic position of the axillary vein was over the third rib. Whites have a more caudal axillary vein location while men and patients with higher BMI have a more cranial position of the axillary vein. (PACE 2011; 34:1585–1592)
The Value of Experiencing the First Days of School for Preservice Teachers

Abstract: Quality teacher education programs recognize the importance of field experiences in preparing preservice teachers for the beginning of a new school year. Some teacher education programs find it challenging to implement this field experience since the starting dates for the K-12 school year and the university classes often differ. School of Education faculty at The University of Mississippi took on this challenge in the spring of 2006 and report very encouraging results. The information provided in this article explains the steps involved in implementing the plan. Results from narratives completed by the participants provided specific information as to the types of duties the participants were engaged in during the field experience. In fall 2007, follow-up surveys were completed by first year teachers that participated in the field experience. Their responses provided helpful information that will be used to strengthen the first days of school field experience for future preservice teachers.
Does Intention Matter? Assessing the Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Pre-service Teachers as Compared to the General Student Population

Teachers’ sense of efficacy, that is, the extent to which they believe that their efforts affect student learning, is a significant indicator of effective teachers. Efficacy has two dimensions: self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. The research tests the hypotheses that there is no difference in the science teaching efficacy of science majors who planned to teach and science majors who did not and, non-science majors who planned to teach and non-majors who did not. The data were also analyzed to compare the science teaching efficacy of science majors and non-science majors in the general student population and of males and females. Among all pre-service teachers, science majors had a significantly higher Personal Science Teaching Efficacy (PSTE) but their Science Teaching Outcome Expectancy (STOE) was not significantly different from their non-science counterparts. In a comparison of science majors the pre-service teachers had a lower STOE than their peers who did not intend to teach. Pre-service non-science majors did not have a significantly different PSTE or STOE from the general population, demonstrating that completing a teaching minor and intending to be become elementary teachers did not positively impact their science teaching efficacy. Correspondence concerning this manuscript should be addressed to Jann
Weak values, the core, and new axioms for the Shapley value

Abstract An explicit formula for all linear symmetric values is established and is then used to show that, in the definition of the Shapley value, the efficiency and dummy axioms may be replaced by a projection axiom, a monotonicity axiom, and Roth's (1977) strategic risk neutrality axiom. It is also demonstrated that, for the set of super-additive games, there is no efficient linear symmetric value which is always in the core.
Registered report: Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion

Note: HGF/PD184352 compared to vehicle/PD184352 is not included as the number of needed samples is too large.
A novel entry into the 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane system via radical rearrangement of a tropane derivative

Abstract The conversion of an enantiomerically pure tropane derivative, obtained from chromium(0)-promoted [6 π + 2 π ] cycloaddition, into a functionalized 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane has been achieved via a novel radical rearrangement process.
Ultrastructural analysis of the progression of neurodegeneration in the septum following fimbria-fornix transection.

Abstract The fimbria–fornix transection paradigm has been used as a model of retrograde neurodegeneration within the medial septal nucleus and anterograde degeneration of axon terminals within the lateral septal nucleus. Because the maintenance and survival of neurons may depend on the integrity of both efferents and afferents, the ultrastructure of neurons in the medial septal nucleus and dorsolateral septal nucleus were analysed at three, seven, 14, 30 days, and six months following unilateral transection of the fimbria–fornix in adult rats. Degeneration of axonal and somatodendritic compartments occurred in both nuclei on the side ipsilateral to fimbria–fornix transection. Degeneration of axons and terminals was present by three days and dissipated thereafter, although degenerating axodendritic and axosomatic terminals were still detected at 14–30 days postlesion. Dendrosomal alterations in both septal nuclei manifested as redistribution of organelles, dispersion and loss of rough endoplasmic reticulum, formation of membrane-bound vacuolar cisternae and membranous inclusions, loss of cytoplasmic matrix, and dispersion of chromatin throughout the nucleoplasmic matrix. These changes occurred in the absence of apparent ultrastructural damage to mitochondria and condensation of the nucleus. Dendritic pathology in both the medial and dorsolateral septal nuclei was most prominent at 14–30 days postlesion, but the neuropil recovered to control appearance by six months postlesion. In contrast, the cytoplasmic rarefaction and vacuolation of neuronal cell bodies were persistent in both the medial septal nucleus and the dorsolateral septal nucleus. We conclude that, following disconnection from the hippocampus, ultrastructural abnormalities occur within neurons in both the medial and lateral septal nuclei. The characteristics and time-course for these changes are similar in both nuclei. The neuropilar degeneration was transient, in contrast to the neuronal cell body injury which was persistent and was morphologically consistent with long-term neuronal atrophy.
Optimal choice of a reserve price under uncertainty

The revenue function for a standard auction is typically asymmetric around the revenue maximizing reserve price. Thus, choosing a reserve price that is smaller than the revenue maximizing reserve price can result in a substantially different loss than choosing one that is larger by the same amount. Therefore, when the revenue function is unknown, it is important to consider uncertainty around the revenue function and its asymmetric structure. For this purpose, I propose a Bayesian decision rule and illustrate its typical revenue gains. I then apply the rule to the bid data from the U.S. timber sales.