cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intuitive visualizations for presence and recency information for ambient displays

The Semi-Public Displays project utilizes public displays to assist in the interactions of small groups. This paper describes a set of visualizations for presence information of group members designed for the displays. Here we show that visual mappings of such information can be intuitive. Through our interviews, we also identify data usage, data ambiguity, and data recording as issues influencing how comfortable participants were with privacy in relation to semi-public displays of such information.
Flow-field center migration during vertical and oblique impacts

Abstract The downrange-directed momentum from an oblique impact affects crater excavation. Ejecta dynamics were measured within growing ejecta curtains for experimental impacts with incidence angles of 90°, 45°, and 30° above horizontal, all impacting at velocities near 1.0 km/s. These ejecta dynamics constrain the horizontal migration of the flow-field center between the impact point and the crater center for three curtain segments (uprange, lateral, and downrange) during oblique impacts and are compared with vertical impacts. At angles as high as 45°, the flow-field center migration occurs throughout a substantial portion of crater growth, thereby demonstrating that impact angle affects crater excavation even at relatively high angles. Stationary point sources are found unable to account for this detailed excavation flow during oblique impacts.
Opportunistic heterotrophy in gametophytes of the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii

Fern gametophytes are extremely shade-tolerant, potentially existing for long periods under conditions of ex- treme light limitation. Many previous studies have demonstrated an increase in gametophyte growth and incidence of spon- taneous transition to sporophyte morphology (apogamy) under culture on media containing exogenous sugar. However, these studies did not verify sugar uptake or quantify relative growth on media containing different sugar types. Here, we examine the extent of heterotrophy and underlying mechanisms of sugar transport in photosynthetic gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. Exogenous sugar uptake, growth, and sugar transport were evaluated with assays of exogenous glucose depletion, experimental culture of gametophytes under different sugar and light conditions, and bioin- formatic approaches. The glucose from the growth media was significantly depleted by gametophytes growing under all conditions, especially those in the dark compared with those exposed to higher light. Gametophyte area increased similarly when cultured on equimolar concentrations of either glucose or the disaccharide sucrose, likely due to preferential uptake of one of the monomers of sucrose. Although at least one gene with similarity to sucrose transporters is expressed in ger- minating spores, our results suggest a reliance on monosaccharide transport for exogenous sugar uptake. Glucose assimila- tion in both light and dark conditions constitutes nutritional opportunism and may enhance gametophyte survival in very low light.
Coverage control of autonomous vehicles for oil spill cleaning in dynamic and uncertain environments

In the context of oil spill cleaning by autonomous vehicles in dynamic and uncertain environments, this paper presents a multi-resolution algorithm that seamlessly integrates the concepts of local navigation and global navigation based on the sensory information; the objective here is to enable adaptive decision-making and online replanning of paths. The proposed algorithm provides a complete coverage of the search area for cleanup of the oil spills and does not suffer from the problem of having local minima, which is commonly encountered in potential-field-based methods. The efficacy of the algorithm is tested on a high-fidelity Player/Stage simulator for oil spill cleaning in a harbor, where the underlying oil weathering process is modeled as 2D random-walk particle tracking.
ROTATIONAL CINEFLUOROGRAPHY OF THE HEART AND LUNGS.

Abstract A technique of rotational cinefluorography is described in which the patient is rotated through 360 degrees during filming. An electrically operated rotating chair is employed, which automatically alters the x-ray settings to compensate for changing diameters of the chest. The clinical usefulness of the method in localizing pulmonary lesions and in providing permanent fluoroscopic records is already established to a degree. Technical improvements in roentgenographic apparatus are required before the method can be expected to become routine.
Improving the yield of circulating tumour cells facilitates molecular characterisation and recognition of discordant HER2 amplification in breast cancer

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) offer a non-invasive approach to obtain and characterise metastatic tumour cells, but their usefulness has been limited by low CTC yields from conventional isolation methods. To improve CTC yields and facilitate their molecular characterisation we compared the Food and Drug Administration-approved CellSearch Epithelial Kit (CEK) to a simplified CTC capture method, CellSearch Profile Kit (CPK), on paired blood samples from patients with metastatic breast (n=75) and lung (n=71) cancer. Molecular markers including Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) were evaluated on CTCs by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and compared to patients’ primary and metastatic cancer. The median cell count from patients with breast cancer using the CPK was 117 vs 4 for CEK (P<0.0001). Lung cancer samples were similar; CPK: 145 cells vs CEK:4 cells (P<0.0001). Recovered CTCs were relatively pure (60–70%) and were evaluable by FISH and immunofluorescence. A total of 10 of 30 (33%) breast cancer patients with HER2-negative primary and metastatic tissue had HER2-amplified CTCs. The CPK method provides a high yield of relatively pure CTCs, facilitating their molecular characterisation. Circulating tumour cells obtained using CPK technology demonstrate that significant discordance exists between HER2 amplification of a patient's CTCs and that of the primary and metastatic tumour.
Semisynthesis and Characterization of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase

Thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin constitute the cellular thioredoxin system, which provides reducing equivalents to numerous intracellular target disulfides. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase contains the rare amino acid selenocysteine. Known as the “21st” amino acid, selenocysteine is inserted into proteins by recoding UGA stop codons. Some model eukaryotic organisms lack the ability to insert selenocysteine, and prokaryotes have a recoding apparatus different from that of eukaryotes, thus making heterologous expression of mammalian selenoproteins difficult. Here, we present a semisynthetic method for preparing mammalian thioredoxin reductase. This method produces the first 487 amino acids of mouse thioredoxin reductase-3 as an intein fusion protein in Escherichia coli cells. The missing C-terminal tripeptide containing selenocysteine is then ligated to the thioester-tagged protein by expressed protein ligation. The semisynthetic version of thioredoxin reductase that we produce in this manner has kcat...
Enzymatic activity of adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis is not required for hemolysis

Adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin from Bordetella pertussis enters cells to cause supraphysiologic increases in cAMP. AC toxin is also hemolytic. Substitution of Lys-58 with a methionine residue by site-directed mutagenesis of the structural gene for AC toxin, cyaA, and introduction of this mutation onto the B. pertussis chromosome results in an organism that synthesizes an enzyme-deficient AC toxin molecule. This mutant toxin molecule exhibits 1000-fold reduction in enzymatic activity relative to wild-type and has no toxin activity in J774 cells. The enzyme-deficient toxin molecule is not, however, impaired in its ability to lyse sheep red blood cells. In order to ascertain the importance of these two separate activities of AC toxin in vivo the enzyme-deficient organisms were used to infect infant mice. The hemolytic, enzyme-deficient mutant organisms are reduced in virulence relative to wild-type organisms after intranasal challenge indicating that, although the enzymatic activity of AC toxin does not contribute to hemolysis, it is this property of the toxin which is important for virulence of B. pertussis.
Surgical pearl: the self-removable suture.

Without proper scissors or skill, most patients cannot remove their own stitches. Therefore removal of sutures usually requires a return visit. This is burdensome if the patient lives at a distance from the physician's office. Sasaki and Fukuda 1 described a knot that can be removed by patients without scissors and with little skill. The technique is as follows: (1) A stitch has been placed in the skin (Fig. 1, A). We recommend a nonabsorbable suture such as nylon or polypropylene. For illustration purposes, Fig. 1 shows the suture to have two colors. The left "needle end" is black and the right "free end" is white. The suture is pulled through until the free end is 3 cm in length. The length of the free end is longer than one typically left with a traditional instrument tie. (2) Loop the needle end twice around the needle holder (Fig. 1, B). (3) With the needle holder, grasp the free end of the suture at its midpoint (approximately 1.5 cm from the skin surface) (Fig. 1, C). This step differs from the traditional instrument tie because normally one would grasp the tip of the free end. (4) Pull the free end through the black loop toward the left, maintaining the loop that forms (Fig. 1, D). This motion forms the first knot. (5) Loop the needle end around the needle holder again and then grasp the loop formed in Fig. 1, D (Fig. 1, E). Pull the loop through the black suture, completing the second knot. Be sure that as you cross over the wound, the tail of the free end is not caught up in this second throw (Fig. 1, F). If done improperly, the knot will be difficult to untie. (6) Repeat this procedure, creating one final throw and therefore a total of
Lithium ions: A novel treatment for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Background Operative resection is the only curative treatment for patients with pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other catecholamine-producing neoplasms. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3 β ) is thought to promote tumor growth and neuroendocrine (NE) peptide secretion in NE neoplasms. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of this signaling pathway with lithium chloride (LiCl), a well-known GSK3 β inhibitor, could be a potential therapeutic strategy to control tumor growth and hormone production. Methods Pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were treated with varying concentrations of LiCl (0 to 30 mM). Levels of active and inactive GSK3 β and NE peptides chromogranin A (CgA) and Mash1 were determined by Western blot. Cellular growth was measured by MTT cell-proliferation assay. Results At baseline, PC-12 cells had increased active GSK3 β signaling. Treatment of PC-12 cells with increasing dosages of LiCl resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of GSK3 β . Importantly, LiCl inhibited pheochromocytoma cellular proliferation significantly. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK3 β by LiCl was associated with marked suppression of CgA and Mash1 levels. Conclusions These data suggest that GSK3 β inhibition may be a novel strategy to treat pheochromocytoma and other catecholamine-producing neoplasms.
Synthesis of no-carrier-added N-([18F]fluoroalkyl)spiperone derivatives.

Abstract 3- N -([ 18 F]fluoroalkyl)spiperone derivatives ( 2, 3 ) can be prepared by N -alkylation of spiperone ( 1 ) with fluoroalkyl halides. The fluoroalkylating species 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl bromide ( 7 ), 3-[ 18 F]fluoropropyl bromide ( 8 ) and 4-[ 18 F]fluorobutyl bromide ( 9 ) were prepared by [ 18 F]fluoride ion displacement of the corresponding trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates 4 , 5 , 6 ). By this method, the 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl-, 3-[ 18 F]fluoropropyl-, and 4-[ 18 F]fluorobutyl spiperone derivatives ( 2a–c ) can be prepared and purified rapidly and conveniently, within 40 min, in yields of 30–40% (end of synthesis, EOS). An alternative approach, suitable for the preparation of 2-[ 18 F]fluoroalkyl (ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl) spiperone derivatives ( 3a–d ), involves iodo[ 18 F]fluorination of terminal olefins, followed by N -alkylation of spiperone. This sequence is less convenient and proceeds in lower overall yields (
English and globalization: Perspectives from Hong Kong and mainland China

Kwok-kan Tam & Timothy Weiss (eds.), English and globalization: Perspectives from Hong Kong and mainland China. Hong Kong: China University Press, 2005. Pp. ix, 276. Hb $35.00.“Has English become the ‘cultural SARS’ and ‘king of terrorists’ for Chinese people? Are we Chinese really facing a new ‘Opium War’ against English?” ask the authors of a recently published book, The English demon (Zhu & Yang 2004), which denounces English as a new form of opium, invoking the painful image of the history of Western invasion of China. Comparing English to opium, a substance that is believed to have been used by the Western imperialists to intoxicate the Chinese people and to have caused two wars between China and Britain, is a clear indication of growing hostility toward English in China. At a time when China has just joined the World Trade Organization, has successfully competed for the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and is rapidly growing into a powerful global economy, the hostility toward English seems puzzling. After all, English is the language for international trade and communications and thus a necessary medium for China to express its desire for globalization. Why this resentment, then?
Finite element analysis of dynamic thermal distortions of an x-ray mask for synchrotron radiation lithography

This paper presents the transient modelling of an x-ray lithography mask undergoing continuous wave x-ray exposure. Two- and three-dimensional finite element models are developed to analyze the heat transfer mechanisms in the mask-wafer-holder assembly system. An additional structural model is used to calculate thermally-induced stresses and distortions (in-plane and out-of-plane) as a function of time. Parametric studies are performed to identify the effects of the Gaussian beam width, scanning frequency, exposure time and proximity gap setting on the dynamic response of the membrane.
Three dimensional MR gradient recalled echo imaging of the inner ear: comparison of FID and echo imaging techniques.

The detailed structures of the inner ear make this region a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Thin section high resolution CT is the “gold standard” for studies of the fine bony detail of the inner ear. Although CT can delineate bony structures, fine soft tissue details surrounded by CSF/endolymph (such as nerves in the internal auditory canal) are not easily identified. Conventional MR spin-echo T2-weighted images provide good image contrast for such structures, but the current commercially available minimum slice thickness of approximately 2–3 mm is too thick for the inner ear. Volume gradient recalled echo (GRE) MR imaging techniques can be used to achieve thin slices (<2 mm) while maintaining adequate contrast for detailed examination. In the work reported here a volume GRE sequence that images the echo formed in a steady-state-free-precession (termed “CE-FAST” or “SSFP” on various commercial MRI systems and called SSFP-echo in this work) was used to image inner ear structures. This technique was compared with images generated using conventional volume GRE techniques (GRASS). While small flip angle volume GRE imaging has been used for inner ear imaging previously, the low contrast typical of such density weighting makes it difficult to distinguish soft tissue structures from surrounding CSF/endolymph. In this work, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between CSF/endolymph and brain parenchyma were compared between the sequences at 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° flip angles. The SSFP-echo sequence produced higher CNR for such structures and consistently outperformed GRASS sequences at flip angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Thus, it is concluded that SSFP-echo techniques may be useful for imaging the fine structural anatomy of the inner ear.
Localization of a high threshold potassium channel in the rat cochlear nucleus

Potassium channels play a major role in determining the pattern and frequency of neuronal firing. In the cochlear nucleus (CN), various morphologically defined types of neurons have different responses to a sound. We have previously identified one type of cloned K+ channel, termed Kv3.1, which is highly expressed in many auditory neurons. Expression studies indicate that Kv3.1 channels have an unusually high threshold for activation. In this study, we used both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression patterns of the Kv3.1 channel in the CN. In the ventral CN, bushy cells hybridized strongly with Kv3.1 specific probes and a subpopulation of stellate/multipolar cells hybridized with Kv3.1 probes. In the dorsal CN, pyramidal and large multipolar/giant cells expressed Kv3.1 mRNA. Abundant Kv3.1 immunolabeling was also observed in the CN. The pattern of immunolabeling revealed that the Kv3.1 protein is distributed along the soma, proximal dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and axon terminals of stained neurons. In the case of pyramidal and octopus cells, no immunolabeling was detected at the somata, even though these cells expressed Kv3.1 mRNA. Computer simulations were used to explore the functional role of the Kv3.1 channel. The simulations indicate that Kv3.1 conductances may contribute to repolarization of large synaptic potentials. When stimulated at high frequencies, the presence of Kv3.1 enhances the ability of a model cell with some of the features of bushy cells to follow high frequency input with temporal precision.
Chlorpropamide-induced cholestatic liver failure resulting in death.

Objective: To describe the first reported case of a death that occurred as a result of chlorpropamide-induced cholestatic liver disease. Methods: We review the clinical and laboratory details of an 81-year-old man with type II diabetes mellitus, who was hospitalized because of nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Results: The patient had been taking a sulfonylurea (chlorpropamide, 250 mg orally three times a day) for 2 months. On initial assessment, the patient was noted to have cutaneous and scleral icterus and an erythematous maculopapular rash on the torso. The alkaline phosphatase level was substantially increased, and the transaminases were mildly increased. Use of all medications was discontinued. In the hospital, the patient’s status rapidly deteriorated, and death ensued after cardiopulmonary arrest on day 6. Conclusion: The findings were consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction to chlorpropamide that ultimately resulted in fulminant cholestatic liver disease and death. (Endocr Pract. 1996; 2:191-192) CASE REPORT An 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a 3-day history of nausea, vomiting, and hiccups. Vomiting usually occurred after eating, and the vomitus contained yellow-green material. The patient also noted darkening of the urine, but he denied noting any changes in stool color or in bowel habits. Moreover, he denied having fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, or cough. At the time of assessment, the patient was found to have severe jaundice and petechiae. The patient denied having any personal history of blood transfusions, hepatitis, hepatobiliary disease, or hepatic trauma or a family history of liver disease. He had a 5-year history of type II diabetes mellitus, which had been treated with chlorpropamide, 250 mg three times a day for the past 8 weeks. The patient was allergic to penicillin. He had no other ongoing medical problems. The patient’s social history was remarkable for a remarriage and honeymoon in Europe 6 weeks previously. He had stopped smoking 18 years earlier, after smoking three packs of cigarettes per day. The patient did not con
Background aspects of lake restoration: water balance, heavy metal content, phosphorus homeostasis

Perturbations of the lake water balance, inputs of heavy metals to lakes, and intensifying fertilization of lakes through input and accumulation of phosphorus—these three classes of phenomena are among the more important background processes in lake restoration. Lake restoration consists of a series of measures animed at producing a homeostatic response of a lake system to external perturbations. The success of its implementation is affected by the morphometric and edaphic parameters of different types of lakes. The relationship between the volume (V) and mean-depth $$(\bar z)$$ of fresh-water lakes indicates a trend of $$V \propto \bar z^3 $$ . Glacial lakes occuring on or near crystalline shields have relatively shallow depths, whereas volcanic lakes, rift valley and deep valley lakes have relatively greater depths for the same volume. For saline lakes (21 lakes, V>1 km3) that undergo cycles of expansion and shrinkage, the V to $$\bar z$$ relationship is closer to power 1. Water residence times (τ) of small and big fresh-water lakes show a trend of τ approximately linear in $$\bar z$$ or τ∝V0.3. Volcanic lakes and Maare have longer residence times in comparison to other lakes of similar volumes. For the major inorganic chemical species and heavy metals, the regulatory upper-limit concentrations in drinking water in the USA and EEC are from several times to more than 100 times higher than their concentrations in a global mean river water. Only three elements (Fe, P, and Al) occur in river water at concentrations approaching such upper-limit recommendations. Rates of accumulation of phosphorus in lake water and sediments, computed as the difference between input and ouflow removal rates for 23 fresh-water lakes, are generally lower for lakes of longer water residence time. The rate of accumulation is a measure of homeostatic response of the lake system to input load: it is equivalent to the rate of all the removal processes needed to maintain phosphorus concentration in lake water at a steady state.
Functional signaling of membrane-bound TL1A induces IFN-γ expression

TL1A, a TNF member implicated in autoimmune diseases, is a transmembrane protein that is processed to release soluble TL1A (TL1A-S). TL1A-S induces a Th1 response, although the functional significance of membrane-bound TL1A (TL1A-M) remains unknown. We generated TL1A-M expression in HEK-293 cells capable of binding DR3-Fc. Co-incubating IL-12/IL-18-primed CD4(+) T cells with HEK-293 cells expressing TL1A-M induced 3-fold increase in IFN-gamma that was blocked by anti-TL1A Ab. These results demonstrate that TL1A-M can bind death domain receptor 3 (DR3) through cell-cell contact to induce downstream IFN-gamma secretion enhancement. Anti-TL1A antibodies designed to treat immune diseases should be verified to block both endogenous TL1A forms.
Jeffersonian Democracy: Its Significance for Our Time

THE EDITORS of Die Wandlung' having learned that I called myself a "Jeffersonian democrat", honored me with a request that I indicate briefly the central ideas of those Americans who so describe themselves. At the outset I must warn the reader that I can speak for no one but myself. We who describe ourselves as "Jeffersonians" do so largely in the interest of brevity. We are not organized, we are not a sect, we have no universally accepted dogmas, and no "Jeffersonian" has any authority to speak for another. Nor shall I make any attempt to summarize Jefferson's thought. Because of his long public career, both in Europe and America, and the great scope of his interests, his writings cover an uncommonly wide range. Here I can comment only on the chief factor on which his philosophy was based, to wit, his intense love of freedom, his faith in it, and his distrust of all concentrations of power. For him, power was the real enemy of liberty, and it was the duty of free men to oppose the undue concentration of it, whether it was to be exercised by governments, bankers, industrialists, or the most terrible of all tyrants, the mob. Jefferson's precepts are frequently summed up in the maxim "That government is best which governs least." His followers, therefore, stoutly oppose any dictatorship, whether of the Right or the Left, and they would also deny to any government, however wise and "democratic," the power to regulate the economy and the daily lives of the individual citizen. "If we were to depend on Washington (the capital-not the man) to tell us when to plow and when to reap, we should all lack bread" is a statement attributed to Jefferson which expresses his followers' opinion of any form of collectivism, or over-all planned economy. It is this fear of excessive State power that prompts the followers of Jefferson to encourage the widest possible diffusion of property. They believe that "power follows property" and they do not wish to add to the power of governments by giving them the ownership or control of any property except natural monopolies, or other types of property unsuitable for private ownership. They believe that eternal vigilance is necessary to prevent a governmental bureaucracy from expanding the scope of its
Physical Activity and Health in Women A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence

Medical authorities advise US adults to perform a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity on most days of the week to improve health and reduce risk for many chronic c...
Performance and portability of an air quality model

Abstract We present a portable, parallel implementation of an urban air quality model. The parallel model runs on the Intel Delta, Intel Paragon, IBM SP2, and Cray T3D, using a variety of standard communication libraries. We analyze the performance of the air quality model on these platforms based on a model derived from the parallel communication behavior and sequential execution time of the air quality model. We predict the performance of the next generation air quality models based on this analysis.
Preso1, mGluR5 and the machinery of pain

By bringing mGluR1/5 and proline-directed kinases together, the scaffold protein Preso1 stabilizes the interaction between mGluR1/5 and Homer. This mechanism may attenuate calcium influx into spinal neurons and reduce pain.
Comment on the hypothesis that hyperthermia facilitates reoxygenation

(1995). Comment on the hypothesis that hyperthermia facilitates reoxygenation. International Journal of Hyperthermia: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 447-450.
An evaluation of learning in the bilateral winner's curse

Abstract Recent research on bilateral bargaining behavior under uncertainty has found that, under asymmetric information, negotiators develop inferior bidding strategies because they fail to incorporate valuable information about the decisions of their opponents. This results in negative profits, or the “winner's curse.” The present study provided subjects multiple opportunities for feedback as well as experience in both negotiation roles. Neither learning opportunity eliminates the winner's curse.
Neutrophil Recruitment After Remote Scald Injury

Thermal injury is one trigger for pulmonary neutrophil recruitment. This article describes the time course of neutrophil recruitment after scald injury. Mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were anesthetized and subjected to 15% topical scald injury. Animals were put to death at 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days after injury, and the pulmonary tissue harvested for staining with hematoxylin and eosin and neutrophil esterase. Cell counts for neutrophil accumulation were obtained. Control animals were handled in a comparable manner apart from the scald injury. Animals killed at 6 hours demonstrated significant neutrophil recruitment relative to the control. This difference had resolved at 24 hours. Animals killed at 3 and 7 days again demonstrated neutrophil accumulation despite normal behavior and absence of weight change from the control. Quantitative cultures of burn wounds failed to disclose infection. Scald injury was associated with significant pulmonary neutrophil recruitment that resolved at 24 hours. The presence of an untreated wound was associated with neutrophil recruitment beyond 24 hours despite outward normal behavior.
Fluorescence and x-ray data of Bi2Al4O9 and Bi2Ga4O9

Abstract Green luminescence (peaking at 490 nm) is described for Bi 2 Al 4 O 9 at 300°K. Bi 2 Ga 4 O 9 is isomorphous with the Al compound, and the lattice parameters are reported. Its fluorescence is totally quenched at room temperature. The corresponding In compound does not exist.
Asymmetric Cavitation Bubble Collapse

Numerical results describing the asymmetric collapse of vapor bubbles in an incompressible liquid for various cases of axial symmetry involving boundary conditions which prevent the maintenance of spherical symmetry are presented using a modified Marker-and-Cell (MAC) technique. The effects of fluid viscosity within the body of the liquid are considered, and upon the wall in the wall-proximity problem, but its effects at the bubble wall boundary are neglected. The cases studied include originally stationary spherical bubbles in a pressure gradient, an originally spherical bubble moving through an otherwise stationary liquid at uniform pressure, and an initially spherical bubble in a liquid at uniform pressure close to a rigid wall. This latter case applies approximately also to two identical bubbles collapsing in an infinite fluid in proximity to each other as shown by photographs here included. In all those cases which involve originally spherical bubbles, the bubble collapses in such a way as to form a jet.
Characterization of the microstructure of diamond pyramidal microtip emitters

Abstract The topology, morphology and microstructure of micro-patterned diamond pyramidal tips have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy scanning tunneling microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the diamond microtips are polycrystalline in structure. AFM and STM results provide detail information as to the surface and tip shape of the diamond emitters. The results suggest a nucleation and growth process whereby the manner in which CVD diamond nucleates on the planar top surface of the tip substrate is distinct and different from the way the diamond grows in the cavity “mold”. Likewise, the TEM results contrast the diamond microstructure in the field area with that of the tip where distinct differences are observed.
Nervous system infections in patients with cancer

The diagnostic approach to the patient with cancer with suspected CNS infection depends on an analysis of the patient's immune defect, the time course of development of manifestations of infection, and the type of clinical syndrome with supportive evidence for a specific diagnosis coming from laboratory and neuroradiographic data. Most patients with CNS infections can be grouped into those with signs of meningitis or meningoencephalitis and those with focal mass lesions. A smaller group presents with stroke-like onset. Except for the group with strokes, those with focal deficits usually present in a more indolent fashion, whereas those with meningitis and encephalitis present more acutely [63]. Patients with B-lymphocyte dysfunction are susceptible to encapsulated bacterial pathogens. Patients with T-lymphocyte impairment develop CNS infections that are caused by intracellular pathogens, particularly viruses (HSV, JC, CMV, HHV-6), Nocardia, Aspergillus, and Toxoplasma. Many noninfectious entities, such as drug treatment complications, radiation effects, recurrent tumor, and paraneoplastic syndromes, can mimic CNS infections. Although cryptococcosis, bacterial meningitis, and some viral infections are easily diagnosed from Gram's stain, culture, or PCR, patients with mass lesions may require tissue biopsy to confirm diagnosis. Patients with cancer differ from normal hosts in the distribution of pathogens, and there is a wider range of differential diagnostic issues, both infectious and noninfectious, for the relatively few clinical syndromes that present as potential CNS infections.
Agranulocytosis associated with flucytosine for urinary candidiasis

Abstract A case of urinary candidiasis is reported in which one adverse reaction occurred with flucytosine therapy. Despite this adverse effect, the authors point out that their total clinical experience with this therapy has been rewarding.
ICE: an expressive iterative combinatorial exchange

We present the design and analysis of the first fully expressive, iterative combinatorial exchange (ICE). The exchange incorporates a tree-based bidding language (TBBL) that is concise and expressive for CEs. Bidders specify lower and upper bounds in TBBL on their value for different trades and refine these bounds across rounds. These bounds allow price discovery and useful preference elicitation in early rounds, and allow termination with an efficient trade despite partial information on bidder valuations. All computation in the exchange is carefully optimized to exploit the structure of the bid-trees and to avoid enumerating trades. A proxied interpretation of a revealed-preference activity rule, coupled with simple linear prices, ensures progress across rounds. The exchange is fully implemented, and we give results demonstrating several aspects of its scalability and economic properties with simulated bidding strategies.
Equine recurrent uveitis: the viewpoint from the USA.

Summary Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a common disease in horses in the USA. There have been many advances in the treatment of ERU; however, frequent misdiagnosis of ERU occurs in cases of primary corneal or uveal disease. It is critical to remember that primary uveitis (i.e. one bout of inflammation) is a different disease to ERU, which is an immune mediated recurrent uveitis. Standard symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy is effective to control most cases of ERU; however, some horses require advanced therapy, such as placement of drug delivery devices or removal of the vitreous, when they fail to respond to the standard therapy.
Magnetic Field Dependence of Nuclear Relaxation in Antiferromagnets.

Abstract : The contributions of higher order scattering processes, in particular three magnon processes, to the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate of F19 and Mn55 nuclei in antiferromagnetic MnF2 are examined. It is shown that this three magnon rate, aided by an exchange enhanced process, has a significant magnetic field dependence, for fields along the magnetic easy axis, as the spin flop transition is approached. The three magnon relaxation rate becomes comparable in magnitude to the two magnon rate in this magnetic field region. Theoretical curves are presented for the predicted three magnon spin lattice relaxation rate contribution in NMR experiments on MnF2. Other higher order processes are shown to yield smaller corrections to the relaxation rate as compared to this three magnon rate. (Author)
The Role of Twelve-Step Approaches in Dual Diagnosis Treatment and Recovery

The authors reviewed the empirical literature concerning the use of twelve-step programs and treatments by patients with co-occurring substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders. Strong evidence was found that dually diagnosed individuals (DDI), with the possible exception of those with psychotic disorders, attend twelve-step programs at rates comparable to non-DDI. Twelve-step involvement is consistently associated with improved substance use outcomes. Although there have been numerous clinical trials involving twelve step-oriented interventions for DDI, most of the studies suffered from substantial methodological limitations. More work is needed to determine what kinds of twelve-step treatments and programs are effective for various types of patients and elucidate the mechanisms by which these approaches facilitate recovery.
The role of autoimmunity in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation

First performed in the 1960s with long-term successes achieved in the 1980s, lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment option for end-stage lung disease. Chronic lung rejection, pathologically classified as obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) with its clinical correlate referred to as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, is the limiting factor than keeps 5-yr survival rates for lung transplant significantly worse than for other solid organ transplants. Initially, OB was largely attributed to immune responses to donor antigens, alloimmunity. However, more recent work has demonstrated the role of autoimmunity in the process of lung transplant rejection. IL-17 and autoantigens such as collagen type V and K-α1 tubulin have been implicated in the development of chronic rejection. Ultimately, this translational review discusses the role that autoimmunity plays in the development of OB and lung transplant rejection and then discusses options for therapeutic intervention.
Examining the Individualized Family Service Plan Process: What Are Family and Practitioner Preferences?

Early childhood intervention specialists need information on practices and procedures that are both helpful and positively perceived by both families and practitioners. This study used nine consumer focus groups to determine preferences for practices. The researchers share principles for early intervention services, preferences for identification of family strengths and needs, and the outcomes that are most desired from program services. These findings suggest a need to rethink how we deliver services and interact with family members.
Issue-Related Learning in a Gubernatorial Campaign: A Panel Study

This study is based on data from a three-wave telephone panel survey conducted during the 1998 governor's race in Florida. The evidence suggests that a considerable amount of issue-related learning (having to do with candidate policy stands and group endorsements) took place over the course of the general election campaign, though substantial differences were observed from one issue area to the next. Further analysis indicates that learning was especially likely to occur among voters (a) who were more knowledgeable about political affairs to start with (confirming that the so-called “knowledge gap” may be exacerbated during campaigns), (b) who scored high on a measure of advertising negativity (for one candidate but not the other), and (c) who early in the campaign, read their local newspaper less frequently. Consistent with prior research, TV news appears to have done little or nothing to boost issue-based learning among the electorate.
Translational and Nontranslational Mechanisms of Regulation by Eukaryotic Suppressor Mutants

Much of the work described in this chapter stems from an interest in understanding the mechanism by which suppressor mutants in Drosophila restore function to mutant alleles. This research has been approached through transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational models, and all these approaches are included in this presentation.
Journalism Behind Bars: The Louisiana State Penitentiary's Angolite Magazine

This article examines the importance of inmate-produced journalism through a critical/cultural lens and challenges readers to question the current agendas of U.S. journalism. With the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola as a point of reference, I illustrate that inmate-produced journalism has the potential to educate inmate and free-world communities while filling a void of attention to life behind bars in mainstream media. Using James W. Carey's transmission and ritual models of communication, I argue that The Angolite, Angola's award-winning news magazine, in addition to its traditional information-transmitting role, serves a ritualistic function that not only fosters a sense of community among prisoners, but can unite captive and free audiences in a common goal of education and reform.
Marvel strategy language example

The DocPrep environment was developed by two students, Laura Johnson and Victor Kan, as their term project in the Spring 1989 E6123y Programming Environments and Software Tools course. Neither student had any prior knowledge of or experience with marvel, and were not familiar with its internal implementation. They successfully used DocPrep to produce their final project report. The twelve envelopes, bind, delete-sect-order, format, printdoc, printsec, review-format-err, review-spell-err, runeditor, specify-header, specify-printer, specify-sect-order and spell-check, are omitted.
Measuring Objective Quality of Colonoscopy

Advances in video technology are being incorporated into today's healthcare practices. Colonoscopy is regarded as one of the most important diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer. Indeed, colonoscopy has contributed to a decline in the number of colorectal-cancer-related deaths. Although colonoscopy has become the preferred screening modality for prevention of colorectal cancer, recent data suggest that there is a significant miss rate for the detection of large polyps and cancers, and methods to investigate why this occurs are needed. To address this problem, we present a new computer-based method that analyzes a digitized video file of a colonoscopic procedure and produces a number of metrics that likely reflect the quality of the procedure. The method consists of a set of novel image-processing algorithms designed to address new technical challenges due to uncommon characteristics of videos captured during colonoscopy. As these measurements can be obtained automatically, our method enables future quality control in large-scale day-to-day medical practice, which is currently not feasible. In addition, our method can be adapted to other endoscopic procedures such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy, and bronchoscopy. Last but not least, our method may be useful to assess progress during colonoscopy training.
Two‐dimensional gel resolution of polypeptides specific for autotrophic growth in Thiobacillus versutus

Seven polypeptides specific for autotrophic growth by oxidation of thiosulphate have been identified in proteins of Thiobacillus versutus analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights ranged from 32 to 100 kD and PI values from pH 6 to pH 7. Their probable relationships to previously reported Thiobacillus proteins involved in autotrophy, in particular ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase, are discussed. These polypeptides will serve as useful landmarks in genetic study and manipulation of sulphur oxidation in these organisms.
From the RSNA refresher courses: CT angiography: clinical applications in the abdomen.

The development of spiral computed tomography (CT) and subsequently multidetector CT has provided unparalleled opportunities for advancement of CT technology and clinical applications. One of the most influential developments has been CT angiography, which is the use of thin-section CT combined with postprocessing of imaging data by using a variety of three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to produce vascular maps that equal or exceed those provided by classic angiography in many applications. In the evaluation of pancreatic disease, the use of multidetector CT angiography enables the radiologist to produce vascular maps that clearly show tumor invasion of vasculature and the relationship of vessels to pancreatic masses. Anatomic areas for which the three-dimensional display is especially helpful include the confluence of the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein and the more distal portions of the portal vein. Preliminary studies indicate that CT angiography may prove beneficial in the evalua...
Asian aerosols in North America: Frequency and concentration of fine dust

average) are between 0.2 and 1 mg/m 3 and only very rarely exceed 5 mg/m 3 . Our data also indicate that Asian dust is concentrated in an altitude zone ranging from about 500 to 3000 m MSL, consistent with isentropic transport processes previously observed in the western Pacific. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; KEYWORDS: dust, Asia, North America, aerosol, troposphere
Validation of Nonlethal Sex Determination for Black Crappies during Spring

Abstract I evaluated the accuracy of using differences in body coloration, gamete stripping, and abdominal distension in females as a nonlethal method for determining the sex of black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus collected from two Minnesota lakes during spring (late April–early June). Sex assignments based on these three attributes were 93% accurate for all black crappies (211 of 227) and 98% accurate (174 of 177) for black crappies of 200 mm or more total length. The difference in body coloration between sexes was the most useful trait for identifying sex, but the distended abdomen of females and gamete stripping aided in identifying sex in some instances. Nonlethal sex assignment was less reliable for black crappies less than 200 mm (74% accurate; 37 of 50), largely because of the lack of dark coloration in males. The sex of black crappies of 200 mm or more can be identified accurately without killing the fish, but that of smaller crappies should be determined by means of visual inspection of the go...
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes A Comparison of Pyruvate-to-Lactate and Lactate-to-Pyruvate Assays

Five lactate dehydrogenaseisoenzymesare normally observed in human serum: H4 (LDH1), H3M (LDH2), H2M2 (LDH3), HM3 (LDH4), and M4 (LDH5). This study presents evidence that these isoenzymesvary in the ratio of LDH activity (pyruvate-* lactate) to LDH activity (lactate -* pyruvate).
Decision Making for the Collaborative Energy Supply System of Oregon and Washington

As demand for electricity in the United States continues to increase, it is necessary to explore the means through which the modern power supply system can accommodate both increasing affluence (which is accompanied by increased per-capita consumption) and the continually growing global population. Though there has been a great deal of research into the theoretical optimization of large-scale power systems, research into the use of an existing power system as a foundation for this growth has yet to be fully explored. Current successful and robust power generation systems that have significant renewable energy penetration — despite not having been optimized a priori — can be used to inform the advancement of modern power systems to accommodate the increasing demand for electricity. Leveraging ongoing research projects at Oregon State University and the National Energy Technology Laboratory, this work explores how an accurate and state-of-the-art computational model of the Oregon/Washington (OR/WA) energy system can be employed as part of an overarching power systems optimization scheme that looks to inform the decision making process for next generation power supply systems. Research scenarios that explore an introductory multi-objective power flow analysis for the OR/WA grid will be shown, along with a discussion of future research directions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The ghost of the schizophrenogenic mother.

Clinicians' reluctance to engage in environmental interventions for children's psychiatric illnesses, which may seem to implicate parents, may stem from a desire to stand apart from mid-twentieth-century psychiatrists who blamed mothers for pediatric mental illness.
Causative Factors for ADHD: Role of Copy Number Variants in ADHD

Investigators from Brazil determined if copy number variants (CNVs) in glutamate metabotropic receptor genes (GRM) were overrepresented in 1038 individuals with ADHD compared to 1057 subjects without ADHD.