cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine.

Background and objectives Delivery of a high concentration bolus of nicotine through the arterial circulation is believed to be an important determinant of the addictive, behavioral, and physiologic effects of nicotine. To better understand the pharmacologic features of nicotine with different routes of administration, we measured arterial and venous plasma concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine after tobacco smoking, intravenous nicotine infusion, and use of a nicotine nasal spray. Subjects and methods Arterial and venous blood samples were drawn simultaneously from 12 male smokers. Six subjects received a single dose of 1 mg nicotine nasal spray, and six subjects smoked cigarettes, one puff per minute for 10 minutes. All 12 subjects were administered nicotine as a 30-minute infusion beginning 70 minutes after administration of the nicotine nasal spray or commencement of smoking. Results The mean peak arterial plasma concentrations of nicotine (Cmax) after smoking or administration of nicotine nasal spray, or intravenous nicotine averaged twofold those of venous plasma. For nicotine nasal spray, the time to Cmax was much faster for arterial than for venous plasma (median, 5 versus 18 minutes, p < 0.01). Intravenous nicotine produced the greatest increase in plasma epinephrine concentration, although smoking had a greater chronotropic effect. Acute tolerance to the chronotropic effects of nicotine was suggested at pharmacodynamic analysis with venous nicotine concentrations, whereas analysis of arterial concentrations found the opposite—a time lag between plasma concentration and effect. Conclusion Nicotine is rapidly absorbed from nicotine nasal spray. The Cmax of nicotine after smoking or administration of nicotine nasal spray, or intravenous nicotine is substantially higher in arterial than venous plasma. Acute tolerance to the chronotropic effects of nicotine is not apparent if arterial plasma concentrations are measured. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997) 62, 453–463; doi:
Temporal conditions and integrity constraints in active database systems

In this paper, we present a unified formalism, based on Past Temporal Logic, for specifying conditions and events in the rules for active database system. This language permits specification of many time varying properties of database systems. It also permits specification of temporal aggregates. We present an efficient incremental algorithm for detecting conditions specified in this language. The given algorithm, for a subclass of the logic, was implemented on top of Sybase.
Increased right ventricular afterload induces postsystolic thickening of the ventricular septum in nonischemic hearts.

Background We aimed to assess whether myocardial postsystolic thickening (PST) can be induced by an acute increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload and, thus, demonstrate that PST may have a nonischemic cause. Methods In 8 anesthetized open-chest pigs, radial strains of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular inferolateral wall were obtained by Doppler tissue echocardiography before and during constriction of the pulmonary artery. Results After each constriction, RV peak systolic pressure increased from 30 ± 5 to 57 ± 8 mm Hg ( P P = .003), and PST of the IVS increased from 0.3% ± 0.5% to 6.1% ± 4.8% ( P = .01). The onset of PST started 41 ± 20 milliseconds after peak negative dP/dt of RV pressure. The inferolateral wall did not show PST. Conclusion An acute increase in RV pressure causes a significant reduction in peak systolic strain of the IVS associated with the nonischemic appearance of PST.
Safety and Security as Part of the Hotel Servicescape for Meeting Planners

ABSTRACT The physical features of a service business—its “servicescape”—play a significant role in both a consumer's choice and satisfaction. Most hotels use physical features like meeting space, guest rooms, and public areas to market their properties to meeting planners. The study examines how hotel safety and security attributes influence the site-inspection practices of meeting planners, and the relative importance of hotel safety and security attributes in influencing a meeting planner's decision to choose a hotel as the site for a meeting as well as her/his willingness to pay more for a hotel with safety and security certification. The study also explored the relationship of meeting planners' experience level and the nature of the meetings they plan in relation to the importance they place on hotel safety and security attributes. Three dimensions of the 20 hotel safety and security attributes were found: (1) visible safety features, (2) documentation and staff training, and (3) general security feat...
The use of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and surface tension measurements for the determination of octylamine and cetylpyridinium chloride adsorption in sodium chloride solutions

Abstract The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique can be a useful method for measuring the adsorption of surfactant and estimating the transition from monolayer to multilayer coverage critical micelle at metal–liquid interfaces if the effects of temperature and viscosity on frequency change are appropriately compensated. Surface tension and EQCM measurements can be useful tools for the determination of CMC and surfactant coverage values. This paper discusses and compares the use of EQCM and surface tension measurements for investigating surfactant adsorption.
Heritability of resistance to leaf spot caused by Septoria spraguei in Russian wildrye

A leaf-spot disease of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] caused by Septoria spraguei Uecker & J. M. Krupinsky has the potential to reduce forage quality and yield, particularly in subhumid portions of the northern Great Plains region of the USA and Canada. This study was conducted to estimate heritability of resistance to S. spraguei and to measure the correlation between disease ratings in greenhouse and field environments. Twenty-five parent clones and their respective half-sib families were inoculated with S. spraguei in a greenhouse environment and subjected to natural infection in a field nursery. In the greenhouse, narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ) estimates from the regression of half-sib falimy means on parent means were 0.57, 0.79, and 0.72, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis ratings on leaf blades. Heritability estimates in the field environment were 0.22, 0.57, and 0.36, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis. Lesion size was the only rating for which the entry × year interaction was nonsignificant in the field for both parents and half-sib families. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between greenhouse and field environments for lesion size means of half-sib families was 0.61 ** . Recurrent phenotypic selection for small lesion size among half-sib families inoculated with S. spraguei in a single greenhouse environment should be effective in improving resistance to this leaf-spot disease in Russian wildrye
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF THE MUSLIM FRIDAY WORSHIP

The idea of a weekly day of rest is taken for granted by modern Man. On inquiring into the origin and nature of the Muslim Friday worship, it would not be correct to assume that the founder of Islam merely followed the example of the other religions, although it was certainly natural for him and his successors to do so with regard to certain aspects of the holiday. The connection of the Muslim Friday service with the weekly market-day of Medina is brought out by one of its features which has puzzled both ancient and modern observers: the fact that it is held at noon,t a most impracticable time in the hot climate of Arabia and, indeed, the climate of most Muslim countries. There are other characteristics of the Muslim Friday service which may have had their origin in its relation to the Medinan market-day.Keywords: Arabia; Friday worship; Islam; Medina; Muslim
Changes in characteristics of cation exchange resin in cyclic operation for lysine recovery from lysine fermentation broth

Abstract The mechanism of deterioration of a cation exchange resin (Diaion SK-IB of ammonium form) was examined by using a life tester operated with a sequential control. Resins sampled at intervals were analyzed for composition, ion exchange capacity and maximum amount of lysine adsorbed. The loss of resin capacity per volume appears to be caused by (1) irreversible loss of -SO 3 − groups, (2) both cleavege of the network structure of resin by oxidation reaction and fouling induced mainly by colored substances derived from lysine fermentation broth. Regenerants such as sodium sulfite, sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide are not effective for complete regeneration of resin capacity at 60°C. Finally, the optimum number of cycles for which the resin can be used was determined.
Studies on the mode of action and the metabolism of vitamin D

Summary 1. The oral administration to rabbits of 20 c.c. of viosterol in oil (200,000 international units of vitamin D, equivalent to approximately 1.6 mg. of irradiated ergosterol) led to an increase in the inorganic phosphorus content of the blood without correspondingly affecting the blood calcium content. This action took place about five days after the viosterol had been given and lasted until the tenth to the fifteenth day. 2. In order to learn whether or not this action might be due to the stimulating effect of vitamin D upon an endocrine gland, thus leading to the production of a phosphate hormone, the serum of these rabbits was tested on rachitic rats. The rabbits' blood was obtained five days after the viosterol had been given and was found to cure rachitic rats in from eight to ten days if 0.6 c.c. of the serum was daily injected intramuscularly. 3. No evidence was found, however, to justify the assumption that any substance other than irradiated ergosterol was present in this serum or was even partly responsible for its curative potency, because the rickets-curing substance of this serum was soluble in ether and in oil, was destroyed completely by overirradiation with ultraviolet rays, and was found not to be ultrafiltrable. 4. When viosterol was given by mouth to rabbits in a single dose corresponding to approximately 1.6 mg. of irradiated ergosterol, detectable amounts of vitamin D were found to be circulating in the blood for from two to three months.
The Impact of Emotional Labor and Value Dissonance on Burnout Among Police Officers

Burnout among police officers is a well-documented phenomenon, with police exhibiting significantly rates significantly higher than other occupations. This is not surprising considering the inherent dangers and challenges police face in the course of their duties. However, police are also subject to a host of institutional and cultural forces that are likely to contribute to burnout. This study examines the variety of ways self-processes, societal and institutional policing values, and demands for emotional presentation on police officers interact to produce burnout. Using data collected from a survey of police officers in the Pacific Northwest (N = 109), we assess three primary hypotheses: (a) The greater the emotional management required of officers, the greater will be their levels of burnout, (b) The greater the dissonance between officer’s own values and those of various reference groups, the greater will be their levels of burnout, and (c) In combination, value dissonance and emotional labor should produce higher levels of burnout than either would independently produce. Results provide mixed support for these hypotheses suggesting that value dissonance only exhibits independent effects on burnout rooted in depersonalization, whereas effects of emotional dissonance vary depending on the type of burnout under consideration. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Real-time viscosity and density measurements of polymer melts using dielectric and ultrasound sensors fusion

Abstract Ultrasound and dielectric measurements are used to measure the instantaneous density and viscosity of polymer melts during PVC extrusion process. The acoustic properties of the polymer melt, measured by a 2.25 MHz ultrasound transducer mounted on a special die adapter, are correlated to the melt density using pre-established theoretical models. In addition, a dielectric sensor, mounted on the opposite side of the die adapter, is used to measure the dielectric properties of the polymer melt, which are correlated to mechanical viscosity. The density and viscosity of the PVC melt were varied by varying the level of chemical blowing agent (AZO) and processing aid (K400) in the polymer compound. Strong correlations between the measured acoustic and dielectric parameters and the melt density and viscosity were found to be consistent with existing theoretical models.
Lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase are coexpressed with sterol regulatory element binding protein and Ki-67 in fetal tissues.

Endogenous fatty acid synthesis has been observed in some rapidly proliferating cells and tissues, both normal and neoplastic, and probably supports membrane synthesis. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes for both cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. The inactive precursor form resides in cytoplasmic membranes. Intracellular lipid depletion triggers proteolytic cleavage of SREBP, allowing the amino terminus to enter the nucleus and activate the expression of enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), major biosynthetic enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. The expression patterns of ACC, FAS, SREBP, and Ki-67 in fetal tissues were compared to determine whether SREBP is likely to participate in the regulation of proliferation-associated fatty acid synthesis during fetal growth. Tissues from 22 fetuses, 12 first-trimester and 10 second-trimester (range 7.0 to 21.6 weeks), were studied. Serial 5-μm sections were stained with antibodies to ACC, FAS, SREBP, and Ki-67 and were compared. ACC, FAS, SREBP, and Ki-67 were coexpressed in the proliferative compartments of the intestines, skin, and kidney. ACC, FAS, and Ki-67 were coexpressed with little SREBP in lung and cytotrophoblast. SREBP, ACC, and FAS were coexpressed without Ki-67 in hepatocytes, ganglion cells, and intermediate trophoblast. The close linkage of SREBP, ACC, FAS, and Ki-67 in some proliferating fetal tissues suggests that in these tissues SREBP participates in the transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes during proliferation. SREBP, ACC, and FAS coexpression without Ki-67 occurs in differentiated tissues that may synthesize fatty acids for other functions.
IGF-I: mediator of fibrosis or carcinogenesis?

in 1998, rosenfeld and oh ([9][1]) likened insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in endocrinology to the elephant in the parable of the blind men and the elephant. Since then, IGFs, and especially IGF-I, may have well become the elephant in other disciplines as well due to the numerous effects IGFs can
Increased Regional Epicardial Fat Volume Associated with Reversible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of coronary artery disease. No study has systematically assessed the relationship between local epicardial fat volume (EFV) and myocardial perfusion defects. We analyzed EFV in patients undergoing SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging combined with computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction. Low-dose CT without contrast was performed in 396 consecutive patients undergoing SPECT imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Regional thickness, cross-sectional areas, and total EFV were assessed. 295 patients had normal myocardial perfusion scans and 101 had abnormal perfusion scans. Mean EFVs in normal, ischemic, and infarcted hearts were 99.8 ± 82.3 cm3, 156.4 ± 121.9 cm3, and 96.3 ± 102.1 cm3, respectively (P < 0.001). Reversible perfusion defects were associated with increased local EFV compared to normal perfusion in the distribution of the right (69.2 ± 51.5 vs 46.6 ± 32.0 cm3; P = 0.03) and left anterior descending coronary artery (87.1 ± 76.4 vs 46.7 ± 40.6 cm3; P = 0.005). Our results demonstrate increased regional epicardial fat in patients with active myocardial ischemia compared to patients with myocardial scar or normal perfusion on nuclear perfusion scans. Our results suggest a potential role for cardiac CT to improve risk stratification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Effects of two diesel fuel mixtures on fecal coliform bacteria densities.

One of the major potential environmental impacts from synthetic fuel production plants and conventional petroleum refinement operations is the spillage of the refined product into natural waters. Impacts upon aquatic ecosystems resulting from spills of synthetic fuel would likely be different from those associated with conventional petroleum since products extracted from coal or shale are generally richer in phenolics, aromatic amines and other soluble organic compounds. Also, synfuels have higher water solubilities than equivalent petroleum products giving the potential for higher water concentrations of hydrocarbons. This study tested the effects of the water soluble fractions (WSFs) of a shale diesel fuel mixture (SDFM) and a petroleum diesel fuel mixture (PDFM) on the growth of fecal coliform bacteria, the group used almost universally as an indicator of bacteriological water quality. The WSF was tested instead of whole oil because acute toxicity results primarily from this fraction. A wild group of fecal coliform bacteria was used since the objective was to observe effects upon this indicator group encountered in the environment instead of pure laboratory cultures by the routine ambient monitoring and measurement technique of membrane filter colony counts as employed by most water quality management agencies.
Fabrication of histidine-tagged fusion protein arrays for surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions

The creation and characterization of histidine-tagged fusion protein arrays using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) capture probes on gold thin films for the study of protein−protein and protein−DNA interactions is described. Self-assembled monolayers of 11-mercaptoundecylamine were reacted with the heterobifunctional linker N-succinimidyl S-acetylthiopropionate (SATP) to create reactive sulfhydryl-terminated surfaces. NTA capture agents were immobilized by reacting maleimide-NTA molecules with the sulfhydryl surface. The SATP and NTA attachment chemistry was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. Oriented protein arrays were fabricated using a two-step process: (i) patterned NTA monolayers were first formed through a single serpentine poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel; (ii) a second set of parallel microchannels was then used to immobilize multiple His-tagged proteins onto this pattern at discrete locations. SPR imaging measurements were employed to characterize the im...
Cost-effectiveness of a Multicondition Collaborative Care Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context Patients with depression and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (CHD), or both have higher medical complication rates and higher health care costs, suggesting that more effective care management of psychiatric and medical disease control might also reduce medical service use and enhance quality of life. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a multicondition collaborative treatment program (TEAMcare) compared with usual primary care (UC) in outpatients with depression and poorly controlled diabetes or CHD. Design Randomized controlled trial of a systematic care management program aimed at improving depression scores and hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Setting Fourteen primary care clinics of an integrated health care system. Patients Population-based screening identified 214 adults with depressive disorder and poorly controlled diabetes or CHD. Intervention Physician-supervised nurses collaborated with primary care physicians to provide treatment of multiple disease risk factors. Main Outcome Measures Blinded assessments evaluated depressive symptoms, SBP, and HbA 1c at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Fasting LDL-C concentration was assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. Health plan accounting records were used to assess medical service costs. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were assessed using a previously developed regression model based on intervention vs UC differences in HbA 1c , LDL-C, and SBP levels over 24 months. Results Over 24 months, compared with UC controls, intervention patients had a mean of 114 (95% CI, 79 to 149) additional depression-free days and an estimated 0.335 (95% CI, −0.18 to 0.85) additional QALYs. Intervention patients also had lower mean outpatient health costs of $594 per patient (95% CI, −$3241 to $2053) relative to UC patients. Conclusions For adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes, CHD, or both, a systematic intervention program aimed at improving depression scores and HbA 1c , SBP, and LDL-C levels seemed to be a high-value program that for no or modest additional cost markedly improved QALYs. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00468676
Header Error Protection for Multimedia Data Transmission in WLANS

In a wireless LAN, the throughput is essentially important for multimedia applications due to their high bit rate requirement. In this paper, we propose two link layer error protection schemes that improve the effective throughout of wireless networks. Error control is applied to the packet header and packet payload separately. The network intermediate nodes either use header FEC or header CRC checksum to successfully transport the packets from the source to the destination. Only at the destination, error in payload may be corrected. We compare proposed schemes with 802.11 protocol and show that header error protection strategy can effectively increase the throughput, reduce the delay, and improve the video performance, via both theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Ribosomal RNA gene diversity, effective population size, and evolutionary longevity in asexual glomeromycota.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) are among the oldest and most successful symbionts of land plants. With no evidence of sexual reproduction, their evolutionary success is inconsistent with the prediction that asexual taxa are vulnerable to extinction due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. To explore why Glomeromycota defy this prediction, we studied ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene evolution in the Claroideoglomus lineage and estimated effective population size, N(e) , in C. etunicatum. We found that rRNA genes of these fungi exhibit unusual and complex patterns of molecular evolution. In C. etunicatum, these patterns can be collectively explained by an unexpectedly large N(e) combined with imperfect genome-wide and population-level rRNA gene repeat homogenization. The mutations accumulated in rRNA gene sequences indicate that natural selection is effective at purging deleterious mutations in the Claroideoglomus lineage, which is also consistent with the large N(e) of C. etunicatum. We propose that in the near absence of recombination, asexual reproduction involving massively multinucleate spores typical for Glomeromycota is responsible for the improved efficacy of selection relative to drift. We postulate that large effective population sizes contribute to the evolutionary longevity of Glomeromycota.
Regional prestige: Cooperatives and agroindustrial identity in southwest Goiás, Brazil

This study of a wealthy soybeancooperative in central Brazil shows howglobally ambitious institutions promotethemselves as regional organizations. Manystudies of cooperatives focus on their abilityto provide material improvements in the livesof cooperative members and to the locality inwhich they operate. Data from cooperativemembership, from promotional literature, andfrom local news article illustrate symbolicstrategies used by management to aggressivelypromote the idea that the cooperative saved theregion from underdevelopment. The claim that itrepresents regional interests is problematicbecause the cooperative has promoted frontierspeculation by its membership in the Amazon.The cooperative has also embracedexport-oriented agriculture and cattleranching, sidelining regional foodproduction.
Measuring Progressions: Assessment Structures Underlying a Learning Progression

This article describes some of the underlying conceptualizations that have gone into the work of the BEAR Center in the development of learning progressions. The core of all of these developments has been the construct map, which is the first building block in the BEAR Assessment System (BAS). After introducing the concept of a learning progression, the article summarizes the elements of the BAS, emphasizing the central concept of a construct map. The article then describes a series of several different ways to see the relationship between the idea of a construct map and the idea of a progression (which I call the “assessment structure”), and also gives illustrative examples from recent BEAR projects. The article then discusses some strengths and limitations of these conceptualizations, focusing on both educational and measurement issues. The article concludes with some general reflections. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 716–730, 2009
Feasibility Analysis for Temperature-Constraint Hard Real-Time Periodic Tasks

While the dynamic thermal management problem is closely related to the dynamic power management problem, it has its own distinct features. In this paper, we study the feasibility checking problem for real-time periodic task sets under the peak temperature constraint. We show that the traditional scheduling approach, i.e. to repeat the schedule that is feasible through the range of one hyperperiod, does not apply any more. We then present new necessary and sufficient conditions to check the feasibility of real-time schedules. We further incorporate the close relationship of leakage, temperature, and supply voltage into our feasibility analysis, and develop more elaborated feasibility conditions. Our experiments, based on technical parameters derived from a processor using the 65 nm IC technology, demonstrate the effectiveness of our feasibility conditions and, at the same time, highlight the fact that a power/thermal-aware computing technique becomes ineffective at the submicron scale if the inter dependency of leakage, temperature, and supply voltage is not properly addressed.
Cholecalciferol in chronic dialysis patients: not strong enough?

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, defined by circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], have garnered increasing attention in clinical medicine and research. The vitamin D receptor regulates diverse biologic systems, including calcium and bone metabolism, renin-angiotensin
Theoretical Versus Grass-Roots Development of a Community Partnership

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine Bracht, Kingbury, and Rissel’s five-stage community development model as applied to a grass-roots community action group. The sample consisted of low-income, predominantly Hispanic women in a community action group in a Southwestern barrio, some of whom were experiencing domestic violence. The community group organizer was interviewed, and a content analytic table was constructed. Results showed that the community group’s efforts would have benefited from a theoretically organized approach. The window of opportunity continues to be open for community development researchers to offer theoretical assistance to groups that are forming and
Ion exchange equilibria in a ternary system

A study has been made of the cation exchange equilibria between Dowex 50W-X8 resin and aqueous solutions of copper nitrate, nitric acid, and sodium nitrate in binary and ternary mixtures. Experiments were carried out at room temperature with solutions having total cation concentrations of approximately 0.1N, 0.05N, and 0.01N. It was found that the equilibria for any two ions were essentially the same in binary and ternary mixtures. Moreover single valued selectivity coefficients were determined which characterize these data quite well for all three concentration levels. This makes possible the complete description, for engineering purposes, of ternary equilibria in terms of the simpler and more accessible binary exchange reactions, as previously suggested (1).
Experimental analysis of the response and recovery of Zostera marina (L.) and Halodule wrightii (Ascher.) to repeated light-limitation stress

Seagrasses are considered important indicators of decline in water quality resulting in increased light attenuation that negatively influences their growth and survival. Chronic light-limitation interspersed with unpredictable acute attenuation events have had poorly understood effects on seagrass recovery dynamics. Zostera marina (eelgrass) and Halodule wrightii (shoalgrass) were subject to a matrix of light-deprivation events followed by recovery periods to mimic repeated acute shading events. Plant survival, morphology, biomass, chlorophyll content, and Fv/Fm were assessed over time to determine recovery. At the end of the experiment, all plants were harvested and species-specific treatment effects were determined. Significant differences due to treatments were noted in all parameters measured. In general, responses were similar for both life-stages and between species, suggesting similar physiological tolerance to repeated acute light-attenuation events. Only plants in treatments where light-deprivation was followed by a recovery interval of at least the same duration showed signs of long-term survival. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was an important metric for assessing recovery, but it failed to detect the onset of mortality in many plants. Other metrics of plant condition need to be assessed and coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence data to assess seagrass “health”. This is of particular importance in field studies, where the history of the plants is largely unknown.
Distributed surveillance on freeways emphasizing incident detection and verification

Efficient freeway management requires continuous decision-making based on conditions on the network and an understanding of the impacts of the decisions made. These conditions are usually measured with fixed-point surveillance systems, most of which are deployed in such a manner as to require communication links that are always connected and are polled at regular intervals. All of the sensor data are typically sent to a Traffic Management Center (TMC) for assessment, yet most of the time no action is taken in response to the data, leading to unnecessarily high communication costs. To reduce communication costs without a significant loss in the quality of information received at the TMC this paper lays the foundation for an event driven communication system by examining the sequence of events at the detector stations in the context of incident detection. Where, following the broadest convention on freeways, an incident is any non-recurring event that causes a temporary bottleneck and restricts flow. Although the focus is incident detection, the proposed communication system could easily support many other applications that use aggregate data, e.g., measuring average annual daily travel (AADT). The methodology is generalizable to most common freeway geometries and care is taken in the paper to specifically address the situation where an incident interacts with a recurring bottleneck. To address the normally high communications costs, a portion of the decision-making process is transferred from the TMC to the field controllers, which would make the initial evaluation of conditions and only send data that might elicit a control response or benefit comparative decisions between detector stations. In other words, rather than relying on the conventional, centrally polled communication system, these events could be used to initiate communication from the field when the potential value outweighs the cost per communication. The process could also lead to better data handling for decision-making or archiving in a conventional, polled communication system as well. The authors develop the methodology by deconstructing several incidents on a freeway and identify the observable events at a pair of detector stations that may be upstream, downstream or straddle the incident. This analytical process could be repeated for any other condition of interest.
Factors Affecting Feed Efficiency for Egg Production in Selected Strains of Caged Layers

Abstract THE use of individual laying cages for market egg production has gained widespread popularity throughout the southern portion of the United States. Breeding is known to affect body size, rate of production, egg size, and feed conversion. Titus (1928) found that White Leghorn pullets weighing an average of 1,632 grams required 64 grams of feed per day for body maintenance, and 40 grams of feed for each egg produced. Byerly (1941) found annual feed requirement for body maintenance to be 46.8 pounds for three pound laying hens, and 81.4 pounds in the case of seven pound hens. He further determined that for each 100 standard weight eggs (12.5 pounds) the hen must consume an additional 14.2 pounds of feed. Bhuwan et al. (1949) found that with hens laying at a rate of 72 percent, approximately 71 percent of the feed consumed was used for body maintenance, 27 percent for the …
Latitude of origin influences photoperiodic control of reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Three subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus originating from different latitudes were maintained from birth in light:dark cycles that provided between 10 and 18 h of light per day. At 50 days of age, Chihuahua, Mexico mice (latitude of origin 27#{176}N> and South Dakota, U.S.A. mice (44#{176}N) kept in the 1OL: 14D photoperiod had reduced gonadal and seminal vesicle weights and a lower spermatogenic index than corresponding mice kept in a 14L:1OD photoperiod. Some Chihuahua and South Dakota mice, apparently constituting nonphotoperiodic subpopulations, developed their gonads while kept in the short-day photoperiod. The critical day length for stimulation of sexual maturation was greater for mice from Manitoba, Canada (55#{176}N) than for mice from the lower latitudes. At 70 days of age, testes and seminal vesicle weights, and the spermatogenic index of Manitoba mice in the 14L: 1OD photoperiod, were lower than those of animals maintained in 16L:8D and 18L:6D photoperiods. Responsiveness to short day lengths was greater among adult South Dakota than adult Chihuahua mice and melatonin treatment significantly reduced testes weights of South Dakota but not of Chihuahua adult mice. Photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive system varies with latitude of origin. Differences in the critical day length necessary for stimulating development of functional reproductive activity and variations in the percent of photoperiodic animals within each subspecies, appear to contribute to latitudinal gradients in reproduction.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 selectively counteracts inhibitory effects of myelosuppressive chemokines on hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in vitro.

A variety of cytokines and chemokines exert potent myelosuppressive effects that play a role in the maintenance of hematopoiesis, which, if unchecked, may result in pathological impairment of blood cell production. Processes that modulate these myelosuppressive effects are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), known for its ability to attract and to promote survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and stem cells, blocks the effects of a broad range of myelosuppressive chemokines on proliferation of HPCs in vitro. The regulatory effects of SDF/CXCL12 on colony formation by mouse bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage (CFUGM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells were assessed. These cells were stimulated to proliferate by combinations of growth factors, such that responses of immature HPCs could be assessed. SDF-1/CXCL12 potently blocked myelosuppressive responses induced by CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL19/CKβ-11, CCL25/TEC...
Esophageal atresia with triple congenital tracheoesophageal fistulae

The surgical management of an infant with esophageal atresia and three (2 proximal and 1 distal) congenital tracheoesophageal fistulae is described. The pitfalls in the diagnosis of proximal fistulae are discussed.
A New Algorithm for Computing the Ergodic Probability Vector for Large Markov Chains

A novel algorithm is developed which computes the ergodic probability vector for large Markov chains. Decomposing the state space into lumps, the algorithm generates a replacement process on each lump, where any exit from a lump is instantaneously replaced at some state in that lump. The replacement distributions are constructed recursively in such a way that, in the limit, the ergodic probability vector for a replacement process on one lump will be proportional to the ergodic probability vector of the original Markov chain restricted to that lump. Inverse matrices computed in the algorithm are of size (M – 1), where M is the number of lumps, thereby providing a substantial rank reduction. When a special structure is present, the procedure for generating the replacement distributions can be simplified. The relevance of the new algorithm to the aggregation-disaggregation algorithm of Takahashi [29] is also discussed.
Conjectures on the statistics of ring polymers

We present some conjectures concerning the equilibrium statistics and dynamics of ring polymers. We argue that unconcatenated ring polymers in the melt may have statistics intermediate between those of collapsed and Gaussian chains. An extremely crude (Flory-like) treatment suggests that the radius R of such a ring scales with its polymerization index N as R ∼ N 2/5. In contrast, a ring in a melt of long linear chains (of the same chemical species) should be swollen. Moreover, rings of one chemical species (A) can be compatible with linear chains of another (B), even when linear chains of A and B are not compatible. Rings in a network of fixed obstacles are also discussed. A simple analysis of their dynamics shows that the diffusion constant D of such a ring (in three dimensions) scales with its polymerization index N as D ∼ N-2. This prediction is confirmed by computer simulations. Finally, we consider a knotted ring formed irreversibly in a theta solvent, and argue that, under appropriate formation conditions, such a ring may remain Gaussian when placed in a good solvent.
Temperature of a metallic nanoparticle embedded in a phase change media exposed to radiation

Abstract Over the past few years, researchers have introduced nanoparticles of varying sizes within a phase change material which enhances the thermal energy and the efficiency of the thermal capacity. A numerical analysis of a metallic nanoparticle embedded in a phase change material exposed to radiation is presented. This analysis includes plasmonic properties of metals when exposed to solar frequencies. Simulations of the model are initiated with a single metallic nanoparticle in a solid medium. When the particle temperature exceeds the phase change temperature an insulating liquid film forms around the particle. The temperature profiles of the solid medium, liquid film, and particle of different materials and particle diameters submerged in different mediums are presented. A thermal interface resistance between the particle and liquid film is included. It is shown that the larger particle heats faster, developing a smaller surrounding film and may eventually have a temperature that surpasses the melting temperature of the material. A compromise must be made between the thermal resistance caused by the particle/film interface and film as well as the absorption from radiation to determine the proper particle type, size, and medium for thermal storage.
Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment: Health Hazards to Humans, Plants, and Animals, Three Volume Set

Written over a period of 17 years, the Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment exhaustively examines and analyzes the world literature on chemicals entering the environment from human activities. The three volumes cover chemicals recommended by environmental specialists of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other resource managers. The choices were based on the real or potential impact of each contaminant and on the knowledge available about their mitigation.The information for each chemical includes source and use; physical, chemical, and metabolic properties; concentrations in field collections of abiotic materials and living organisms; deficiency effects; lethal and sublethal effects; and proposed regulatory criteria for the protection of human health and sensitive natural resources. Each chapter selectively reviews and synthesizes the technical literature on a specific priority contaminant and its effects on the environment.Successful risk assessment relies heavily on extensive and well-documented databases. They often include too much - or too little - information about too many chemicals. Of the hundreds of thousands of chemicals discharged into the environment, only a small number have sufficient information to attempt preliminary risk assessment. Sold only as a three volume set, the Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment provides you with the exact amount of information you need in a single resource.
The Role of Hormones in the Reproductive Behavior of Female Wild Silkmoths

Insects which do not feed in the imaginai stage must give a high priority to early reproduction. Therefore, mating and oviposition must occur shortly after adult emergence. The wild silkmoths show pronounced adaptations towards this end. The female emerges with nearly the full complement of mature eggs (Telfer and Rutberg 1960). Also, at the time of emergence she has a reservoir of sex pheromone (Preisner 1968) with which she can attract the male from distances as far as 2 miles (Rau and Rau 1929).
Traumatic brain injury and obesity induce persistent central insulin resistance

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced impairments in cerebral energy metabolism impede tissue repair and contribute to delayed functional recovery. Moreover, the transient alteration in brain glucose utilization corresponds to a period of increased vulnerability to the negative effects of a subsequent TBI. In order to better understand the factors contributing to TBI-induced central metabolic dysfunction, we examined the effect of single and repeated TBIs on brain insulin signalling. Here we show that TBI induced acute brain insulin resistance, which resolved within 7 days following a single injury but persisted until 28 days following repeated injuries. Obesity, which causes brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation, exacerbated the consequences of TBI. Obese mice that underwent a TBI exhibited a prolonged reduction of Akt (also known as protein kinase B) signalling, exacerbated neuroinflammation (microglial activation), learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviours. Taken together, the transient changes in brain insulin sensitivity following TBI suggest a reduced capacity of the injured brain to respond to the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of insulin and Akt signalling, and thus may be a contributing factor for the damaging neuroinflammation and long-lasting deficits that occur following TBI.
Calculation of the Limiting CESSAR Steam Line Break Transients

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), under contract to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, performed audit calculations of the limiting and Steam Line Break (SLB) [1] transient presented in the CESSAR FSAR. The results of the FLB and SLB calculations are discussed in the following sections.
Management of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis after EUS-guided FNA of a pancreatic cyst

An asymptomatic 72-year-old woman underwent EUS-guided FNA of an incidental side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (SB-IPMN) in the head of the pancreas at an outside facility. Forty-eight hours after the procedure, she presented to our institution with severe epigastric pain, fever, jaundice, leukocytosis, and elevated lipase consistent with acute pancreatitis. CT of the abdomen andpelvis with contrast medium showed multiple peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) around the pancreatic head. EUS showed a large PFC in the head region compressing the distal common bile duct (Fig. 1) and a pancreatic duct leak in the neck region. Because the PFC was causing obstructive jaundice, it was aspirated, revealing hemorrhagic fluid. ERCP was then performed to evaluate the pancreatic duct. A leak from a side branch in the head region was demonstrated on pancreatogram, which was bridged with a 4F 10-cm stent (Video 1, available online at www.giejournal.org). The patient also underwent jejunal feeding for 4 weeks through a nasojejunal tube, with resultant clinical improvement and resolution of the PFC on follow-up CT at 30 days. The risk of acute pancreatitis after EUS-FNA of pancreatic lesions is highest with SB-IPMN at 8%. Despite the lack of data, the use of indomethacin before EUS-FNA for pancreatitis prophylaxis can be considered in high-risk patients.
Latin American Militarylore: An Introduction and a Case Study *

This essay deals with the lore of the military profession in Latin America in two ways. First, it presents a general introduction to militarylore, its applications to the study of military-civilian relations and its limitations as a research tool. Second, it presents an application (with obvious limitations) of concepts discussed in part I to a case study, part II: the lore of the Chilean Army officer class in the twentieth century. I am convinced that militarylore as defined and discussed herein is an especially fertile field for research in the study of the interaction between the armed forces and state, nation and society. Terminology used in the following pages is for the most part selfexplanatory and free from neologisms, jargon and “sociologese.” There are, though, some terms which merit clarification, not because of their vagueness, but so that they not be confused with similar terms. There is, I believe, a decreasing tendency to generalize about military-civilian relations; clarity is important.
The Inheritance of Sexuality, Color and Colony type in Ceratocystis Fimbriata

(1967). The Inheritance of Sexuality, Color and Colony type in Ceratocystis Fimbriata. Mycologia: Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 222-234.
Proliferation of regulatory mechanisms for eNOS: an emerging role for the cytoskeleton.

nitric oxide (NO) is a biologically active gas generated from the precursor arginine by one of three known NO synthases. NO produced by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a crucial role in the regulation of a variety of cardiovascular and pulmonary functions in both normal and