cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid 3β-ol dehydrogenase activity in human endocrine tissues

Abstract With histochemical methods, steroid 3β-ol dehydrogenase activity is readily demonstrable in the human corpus luteum, adrenal, and placenta but has been found in only one apparently normal testis. An analysis of tissues by gas-liquid phase chromatography has usually demonstrated some formation of Δ 4 -androstene-3, 17-dione, the expected steroid oxidation product in the presence of exogenous DPN. In the human gonads the highest enzyme activity appeared to be clearly associated with known instances of maximum progesterone production. The marked variation in activity noted in the cortex of human adrenal glands suggests this enzyme may be used as an indicator for certain physiologic activity.
5 th IEEE Workshop on Pervasive Wireless Networking (PWN 2009) Message from the workshop co-chairs

It gives us great pleasure to welcome you to Galveston, Texas and the 2009 IEEE PerCom Workshop on pervasive wireless networking (PWN09). Wireless connectivity, mobility support, location awareness, and integration of wireless networks to the Internet are key research challenges in pervasive computing and communications. With the advent of inexpensive wireless solutions such as WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and RFID, a number of challenges arise when these protocols are applied to wireless PAN, home networking, wireless LANs, wireless mesh networks, wireless MANs, and wireless broadband. Exploitation of emerging wireless technologies such as transmit power and rate control, spectral agility, adaptive carrier sensing, cooperative communication as well as application of existing technologies to new applications such as wireless mesh networks and sensor networks are emerging, important research areas. Therefore, we are pleased to present twelve high-quality papers contributing to the theory, practice, and evaluation of wireless networks for pervasive computing. We would like to congratulate the authors of accepted papers and also express our gratitude to the Program Committee members for their wonderful job in helping us field an excellent set of papers for the workshop. This year, among those accepted papers, we have a number of invited papers in the emerging areas of pervasive wireless networking, and would like to thank these authors for accepting our invitation. We hope that participants of PWN09 hear about up-to-date issues and challenges in pervasive wireless networking area and find the workshop more useful for their future research. Once again, we hope you enjoy this collection of papers and wish all of you a pleasant stay in Galveston, Texas.
The Last Interglacial

Climate during the last 10,000 years, the Holocene, has been relatively mild and stable. In contrast, the climate during the last interglacial is often portrayed as more variable. But, as Kukla discusses in this Perspective, evidence for a more stable last interglacial is emerging. Furthermore, the transition to the next glacial proceeded in stages and was not uniform across Europe.
Differential radiation sensitivities of races of Sedum pulchellum michx: A useful method of plant identification

Abstract Two populations of each of three cytogenetic races (n = 11, n = 22, and n = 33) of Sedum pulchellum Michx. were subjected to ionizing radiation during the seed and seedling stages of development. Seeds which received 0, 1450, 5800, 11,600, and 29,000 r at a rate of 1450 r/min from a Co60 source exhibited a delay in germination at the end of one week which varied directly with the radiation dose received and inversely with the chromosome number. Two weeks after irradiation there was no significant difference in per cent germination. Seedlings which developed from irradiated seed exhibited decreased root growth which varied directly with the radiation dose received but did not vary directly with chromosome number. A stimulation of root growth occurred in plants which received 1450 and 5800 r. Half of the seedings which developed from irradiated seed were subsequently subjected to an additional 50,000 r (1450 r/min). These plants exhibited decreased root growth which varied directly with the total radiation dose received and at certain doses inversely with chromosome number. Ionizing radiation served as a useful tool to distinguish between morphologically indistinguishable seed and seedlings of different races of Sedum pulchellum Michx. Results from at least two of the three experiments indicated a direct relationship between chromosome number and radiation resistance.
View-dependent multiresolution splatting of non-uniform data

This paper develops an approach for the splat-based visualization of large scale, non-uniform data. A hierarchical structure is generated that permits detailed treatment at the leaf nodes of the non-uniform distribution. A set of levels of detail (LODs) are generated based on the levels of the hierarchy. These yield two metrics, one in terms of the spatial extent of the bounding box containing the splat and one in terms of the variation of the scalar field over this box. The former yields a view-dependent choice of LODs while the latter yields a view-independent LOD based on the field variation. To show the utility of this general approach it is applied to a set of application data for a whole earth environment and some test data. Performance results are given.
A Large Scale Procedure for Isolation of the Glycine-rich, Arginine-rich Histone and the Arginine-rich, Lysine-rich Histone in a Highly Purified Form

1. A procedure is presented for large scale fractionation of arginine-rich histones by exclusion chromatography. With this method, 2 to 3.5 g of histone Fractions 2a and 3 were fractionated. The two fractions contained the same histone components, but they differed in the amounts of each component. 2. In histone Fraction 2a, the glycine-rich, arginine-rich (GAR) histone accounted for approximately 70% of the protein present. This histone was obtained in a highly purified form after exclusion chromatography was repeated once, as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and peptide maps. Rechromatography of this product on Sephadex G-25 provided a GAR histone which was 96% pure. A quantity of GAR histone of 1 g was readily isolated by this procedure. 3. In histone Fraction 3, the arginine-rich, lysine-rich (AL) histone accounted for approximately 60% of the protein present. Rechromatography of the AL histone on Sephadex G-100 followed by rechromatography on Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex G-200 yielded a product approximately 96% pure. As in the case of the GAR histone, 1 g of the AL histone was readily obtained.
Block Magnetic Excitations in the Orbitally Selective Mott Insulator BaFe 2 Se 3

Iron pnictides and selenides display a variety of unusual magnetic phases originating from the interplay between electronic, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. Using powder inelastic neutron scattering on the two-leg ladder BaFe_{2}Se_{3}, we fully characterize the static and dynamic spin correlations associated with the Fe_{4} block state, an exotic magnetic ground state observed in this low-dimensional magnet and in Rb_{0.89}Fe_{1.58}Se_{2}. All the magnetic excitations of the Fe_{4} block state predicted by an effective Heisenberg model with localized spins are observed below 300 meV and quantitatively reproduced. However, the data only account for 16(3)μ_{B}^{2} per Fe^{2+}, approximatively 2/3 of the total spectral weight expected for localized S=2 moments. Our results highlight how orbital degrees of freedom in iron-based magnets can conspire to stabilize an exotic magnetic state.
Effects of anodal vs. cathodal pacing on the mechanical performance of the isolated rabbit heart.

Previous studies have suggested that anodal pacing enhances electrical conduction in the heart near the pacing site. It was hypothesized that enhanced conduction by anodal pacing would also enhance ventricular pressure in the heart. Left ventricular pressure measurements were made in isolated, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts by means of a Millar pressure transducer with the use of a balloon catheter fixed in the left ventricle. The pressure wave was analyzed for maximum pressure (Pmax) generated in the left ventricle and the work done by the left ventricle (Parea). Eight hearts were paced with monophasic square-wave pulses of varying amplitudes (2, 4, 6, and 8 V) with 100 pulses of each waveform delivered to the epicardium. Anodal stimulation pulses showed statistically significant improvement in mechanical response at 2, 4, and 8 V. Relative to unipolar cathodal pacing, unipolar anodal pacing improved Pmax by 4.4 ± 2.3 (SD), 5.3 ± 3.1, 3.5 ± 4.9, and 4.8 ± 1.9% at 2, 4, 6, and 8 V, respectively. Unipolar anodal stimulation also improved Parea by 9.0 ± 3.0, 12.0 ± 6.0, 10.1 ± 7.7, and 11.9 ± 6.0% at 2, 4, 6, and 8 V, respectively. Improvements in Pmax and Parea indicate that an anodally paced heart has a stronger mechanical response than does a cathodally paced heart. Anodal pacing might be useful as a novel therapeutic technology to treat mechanically impaired or failed hearts.
Requirement for and Sensitivity to Lysozyme by Clostridium perfringens Spores Heated at Ultrahigh Temperatures

The requirement of ultrahigh temperature (UHT)-treated Clostridium perfringens spores for lysozyme and the sensitivity of heated and unheated spores to lysozyme were studied. The UHT-treated spores requiring lysozyme for germination and colony formation originated from only a small portion of the non-UHT-treated spore population. This raised a question of whether the requirement for lysozyme was natural to the spores or was induced by the UHT treatments. However, these spores did not require lysozyme for germination before UHT treatment, which confirmed that the requirement for lysozyme had been induced by the UHT treatment. Only 1 to 2% of the spores were naturally sensitive to lysozyme; therefore, the mere addition of lysozyme to the plating medium did not permit the enumeration of all survivors. Treatment of UHT-treated spores with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) sensitized the spores to lysozyme and increased by 10- to 100-fold the number of survivors that were detected on a medium containing lysozyme. Under the heating conditions used, spores that were naturally sensitive to lysozyme and spores that required EDTA treatment were equally heat resistant.
A computational study of systemic hydration in vocal fold collision

Mechanical stresses develop within vocal fold (VF) soft tissues due to phonation-associated vibration and collision. These stresses in turn affect the hydration of VF tissue and thus influence voice health. In this paper, high-fidelity numerical computations are described, taking into account fully 3D geometry, realistic tissue and air properties, and high-amplitude vibration and collision. A segregated solver approach is employed, using sophisticated commercial solvers for both the VF tissue and glottal airflow domains. The tissue viscoelastic properties were derived from a biphasic formulation. Two cases were considered, whereby the tissue viscoelastic properties corresponded to two different volume fractions of the fluid phase of the VF tissue. For each case, hydrostatic stresses occurring as a result of vibration and collision were investigated. Assuming the VF tissue to be poroelastic, interstitial fluid movement within VF tissue was estimated from the hydrostatic stress gradient. Computed measures of overall VF dynamics (peak airflow velocity, magnitude of VF deformation, frequency of vibration and contact pressure) were well within the range of experimentally observed values. The VF motion leading to mechanical stresses within the VFs and their effect on the interstitial fluid flux is detailed. It is found that average deformation and vibration of VFs tend to increase the state of hydration of the VF tissue, whereas VF collision works to reduce hydration.
An Encouraging Account of Muslim Integration in Europe

The emancipation of Europe's Muslims : the state's role in minority integration/Jonathan Laurence. - Princeton : Princeton University Press, c2012. - xxi, 366 p. : ill. - ISBN 978-0-691-14421-4 ; 9...
Nuclear data sheets for A = 194

Abstract Nuclear structure information available to July 1977 has been reviewed. The level properties obtained from various reaction and decay experients are shown in the drawings. Experimental methods, references, and comments are given in the text. Proto-neutron configurations are associated with a number of levels in odd-odd nuclei.
Progress and challenges in large-scale future internet experimentation using the GpENI programmable testbed

GpENI is evolving to provide a promising environment in which to do experimental research in the resilience and survivability of future networks, by allowing programmable control over topology and mechanism, while providing the scale and global reach needed to conduct network experiments far beyond the capabilities of a conventional testbed. Addressing this need at scale introduces a number of challenges both in deployment and in collecting results that can be directly compared to simulation results for cross-verification purposes. In this short paper we present the scope, design goals, challenges, and current status of the GpENI programmable testbed, as well as an overview and examples of the types of experiments we are beginning to run.
Psychology is Not Just Common Sense: An Introductory Psychology Demonstration

This article describes a simple demonstration that helps introductory psychology students overcome the misconception that psychology is just common sense. Early in the course, I recount Festinger a...
Development and correlates of alcohol use from ages 13-20.

This study examined alcohol use development from ages 13-20 years. The sample comprised 256 youth (50.4% female; 51.2% White, 48.8% African American) assessed annually for 6 years. A cohort-sequential latent growth model was used to model categorical alcohol use (non-use vs. use). Covariates included gender, race, income, parent marital status, risk taking, spiritual beliefs, parent alcohol use, family alcohol problems, family cohesion, friends' alcohol use, and normative peer use. The alcohol use trajectory increased steadily with age. Risk taking, friends' alcohol use, and normative peer use were positively associated with higher initial rates of alcohol use. Initial parent alcohol use and positive change in parents' and friends' alcohol use over time were related to an increase in alcohol use from ages 13-20 years. Language: en
Purification and characterization of the succinate dehydrogenase complex and CO-reactive b-type cytochromes from the facultative alkaliphile Bacillus firmus OF4

The presence of a bo-type terminal oxidase in Bacillus firmus OF4 had been suggested from the effects of CO on the spectra of reduced membrane cytochromes (Hicks, D.B., Plass, R.J. and Quirk, P.G. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173, 5010–5016). In that study the CO-binding b-type cytochrome was partially purified by anion exchange chromatography. No further purification was attempted but later HPLC analysis indicated the absence of significant heme O in the B. firmus OF4 membranes. The current work shows that the partially purified cytochrome b is actually composed of three different b-type cytochromes which can be separated and purified by a combination of ion-exchange, hydroxyapatite and gel filtration chromatographies. Two of the cytochromes were CO-reactive but lacked the characteristic multisubunit composition of known terminal oxidases. Neither purified cytochrome catalyzed quinol or ferrocytochrome c oxidation. The more abundant CO-reactive b-type cytochrome (cytochrome b560) had an apparent molecular mass of 10 kDa, whereas the other, more minor component (cytochrome b558), was partially purified and showed two bands of 23 and 17 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The functions of the cytochromes b560 and b558 remain unknown but together they account for the spectrum originally attributed to cytochrome bo. The third, non-CO reactive, cytochrome b, was associated with substantial succinate dehydrogenase activity and was purified as a three subunit succinate dehydrogenase complex with high specific activity (17.7 μmol/min/mg). Limited N-terminal sequence of each subunit demonstrated marked similarity to the complex from Bacillus subtilis. The cytochrome b of the alkaliphile enzyme was reduced about 50% by succinate compared to the level of reduction achieved by dithionite. The enzyme reacted with both napthoquinones and benzoquinones. The results presented indicate that Bacillus firmus OF4 contains a succinate dehydrogenase complex with very similar properties to the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, but does not contain a cytochrome o-type terminal oxidase under the growth conditions studied.
Functional Imaging of Numerical Processing in Adults and 4-y-Old Children

Adult humans, infants, pre-school children, and non-human animals appear to share a system of approximate numerical processing for non-symbolic stimuli such as arrays of dots or sequences of tones. Behavioral studies of adult humans implicate a link between these non-symbolic numerical abilities and symbolic numerical processing (e.g., similar distance effects in accuracy and reaction-time for arrays of dots and Arabic numerals). However, neuroimaging studies have remained inconclusive on the neural basis of this link. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is known to respond selectively to symbolic numerical stimuli such as Arabic numerals. Recent studies, however, have arrived at conflicting conclusions regarding the role of the IPS in processing non-symbolic, numerosity arrays in adulthood, and very little is known about the brain basis of numerical processing early in development. Addressing the question of whether there is an early-developing neural basis for abstract numerical processing is essential for understanding the cognitive origins of our uniquely human capacity for math and science. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4-Tesla and an event-related fMRI adaptation paradigm, we found that adults showed a greater IPS response to visual arrays that deviated from standard stimuli in their number of elements, than to stimuli that deviated in local element shape. These results support previous claims that there is a neurophysiological link between non-symbolic and symbolic numerical processing in adulthood. In parallel, we tested 4-y-old children with the same fMRI adaptation paradigm as adults to determine whether the neural locus of non-symbolic numerical activity in adults shows continuity in function over development. We found that the IPS responded to numerical deviants similarly in 4-y-old children and adults. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that the neural locus of adult numerical cognition takes form early in development, prior to sophisticated symbolic numerical experience. More broadly, this is also, to our knowledge, the first cognitive fMRI study to test healthy children as young as 4 y, providing new insights into the neurophysiology of human cognitive development.
Antibiotic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in College Students.

Abstract Objective: To determine resistance to antibiotics of Escherichia coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) in female college students. Participants: Symptomatic patients presenting to a student health service from September 2008 to December 2009. Methods: Clean catch midstream urine samples were tested for urinalysis (UA) and culture and sensitivity. Results: Of 168 students enrolled in the study, 138 had positive UA, and 94 of these grew >100,000 colonies/mL of E. coli. Ampicillin resistance was 31.9%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance 16.0%, ciprofloxacin resistance 4.3%, amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance 3.2%, and nitrofurantoin resistance 1.1%. The sensitivity of UA was 95.4% and the positive predictive value was 87.0% (p ≤ .001). Specificity was 77.5% and negative predictive value 92.9%. Conclusions: In healthy college women with uUTI symptoms, TMP-SMX should not be universally used for empirical therapy, whereas use of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, a...
Myocardial Viability: A Clinical and Scientific Treatise

The aim of this book is to bridge the gap between basic cellular physiology and clinical decision-making as it relates to myocardial viability. This is an important objective, because it frequently seems that the basic and clinical sciences are 2 completely separate worlds. Unquestionably, the book provides an excellent foundation for the realization of its goal. The editor has very skillfully organized the contributions of 27 experts in various fields of cardiology into a logical and comprehensive overview of the field of myocardial viability. Additionally, the book is enjoyable to read, which indicates the contributors expended a considerable amount of effort, were dedicated, and had respect for the reader. All of the chapters are interesting and present information that stimulates associations and/or new ideas. The first section is an introduction that provides a brief, overall perspective of myocardial viability, which, although not an easy task, is done with purpose and grace. The discussion of the potential benefits of revascularization independent …
Experimental determination of redox cooperativity and electronic structures in catalytically active Cu–Fe and Zn–Fe heterobimetallic complexes

Complexes of the type (NHC)M–Fp (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, M = Cu or ZnCl, Fp = FeCp(CO)2) have been used recently as replacements for noble metal C–H functionalization catalysts and for small molecule activation studies. The promising reactivity of these systems has been linked to the use of the late metal electrophiles Cu and Zn in place of early metal electrophiles, and also to the ability of the M–Fe pairs to cooperate during catalytically relevant multielectron redox processes such as bimetallic oxidative addition and bimetallic reductive elimination. Using Mossbauer spectroscopy and metal K-edge XANES analysis, a detailed electronic structure description of these complexes is presented. One unusual feature of the late-metal M–Fp interactions is the presence of significant M → Fe π-backdonation in addition to Fe → M σ-donation; this π-backdonation is absent in early metal analogues and is apparent from analysis of Mossbauer data and Fe K-edge data. Multi-edge XANES analysis of C–I bimetallic oxidative addition at a Cu–Fe reaction center reveals little change in metal effective nuclear charges during the two-electron redox process. IR spectroscopy indicates that the supporting carbonyl ligands participate to a large extent in the redox process.
JCE Chemical Education Xchange

JCE Chemical Education Xchange (ChemEd X, www.jce.divched.org) aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. This reincarnation of the JCE Online Web site serves as the home for the JCE Web Software collection and other legacy materials published by JCE outside of this Journal. ChemEd X is built on a modern Web platform, is designed with mobile devices in mind, and offers our community a vehicle to contribute as well as consume. We invite you to contribute.
Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations to climate

A maximum of easterly zonal wind at 925 hPa in the Caribbean region is called the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ). Observations show that the easterly CLLJ varies semi-annually, with two maxima in the summer and winter and two minima in the fall and spring. Associated with the summertime strong CLLJ are a maximum of sea level pressure (SLP), a relative minimum of rainfall (the mid-summer drought), and a minimum of tropical cyclogenesis in July in the Caribbean Sea. It is found that both the meridional gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and SLP show a semi-annual feature, consistent with the semi-annual variation of the CLLJ. The CLLJ anomalies vary with the Caribbean SLP anomalies that are connected to the variation of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH). In association with the cold (warm) Caribbean SST anomalies, the atmosphere shows the high (low) SLP anomalies near the Caribbean region that are consistent with the anomalously strong (weak) easterly CLLJ. The CLLJ is also remotely related to the SST anomalies in the Pacific and Atlantic, reflecting that these SST variations affect the NASH. During the winter, warm (cold) SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific correspond to a weak (strong) easterly CLLJ. However, this relationship is reversed during the summer. This is because the effects of ENSO on the NASH are opposite during the winter and summer. The CLLJ varies in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) since a strong (weak) NASH is associated with a strengthening (weakening) of both the CLLJ and the NAO. The CLLJ is positively correlated with the 925-hPa meridional wind anomalies from the ocean to the United States via the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the CLLJ and the meridional wind carry moisture from the ocean to the central United States, usually resulting in an opposite (or dipole) rainfall pattern in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Atlantic warm pool versus the central United States.
Are survey forecasts of individual and institutional investor sentiments rational

Abstract We examine the effects of rational risk factors on investor sentiments. We find that institutional investor sentiments are more rational than individual investor sentiments. There are significant positive effects of, market return and dividend yield and negative effect of inflation on both types of sentiments. These risk factors have stronger effects on institutional than individual investor sentiments. Also, there are significant effects of term spread and HML on the institutional investor sentiments. The evidence suggests that linkages between sentiments and stock return stems from a combination of rational outlook and noise i.e. expectations that are not fully justified by information.
AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND LONG‐RUN URBAN FORM

Fortunately for the environment, economists long ago understood the imperfections of markets in dealing with technical externalities like air pollution, 1 and they specified appropriate tax and subsidy procedures to correct these market failings. Thus endowed with a theoretical framework, it remained only for popular concern to catch up, to measure the costs and benefits associated with clean-up, and to assess the appropriate sticks and carrots. A funny thing happened on the way to the cleanup. Questions of distribution arose--both with respect to unemployment in polluting industries and the beneficiaries of the improved environment. Systems of effluent charges were attacked in the punic relations arena as "licenses to pollute" and in intellectual circles because of comparative administrative costs? Finally, the cost-benefit analysis on which appropriate policy should be based received greater scrutiny as the complex interrelationships between various environmental components and human activity began to be understood. Time horizons were expanded; secondand third-order consequences were explored. This paper continues in the latter vein with some hints at distributional implications. It focuses on urban areas because the concentration of both airborne pollutants and numbers of those affected are greatest there. Unfortunately, the potential for complex interactions is also large in urban regions. This paper will focus on one such complex--the relationships between industrial, stationary source emissions, emissions generated by urban transportation, and air pollution arising from residential heating sources.
Low heat loss double-glazed windows

Abstract We propose a simple and relatively inexpensive method to reduce the heat loss of standard double-glazed windows. This result is achieved by the introduction of thin, transparent, convection-suppression, transverse slats between the glass panes and increasing the glazing gap so as to increase the conductive resistance. These windows have about 3 4 of the thermal resistance of evacuated windows at far lower cost and greater reliability.
Autothermal reforming of gasoline for fuel cell applications : a control-oriented dynamic model.

In this work, we develop a control-oriented, reduced order dynamic model of an autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor. The targeted application is within the on-board fuel-processing unit of a fuel cell vehicle. A previous effort has illustrated that a predictive-type controller may be required to achieve desired performance within this application. The objective of the current effort is to determine the existence of a reduced order model with enough speed and accuracy to meet the online computational demands of a predictive controller. Central to the model development is an approximation of reaction rates that achieve reasonable accuracy near the inlet while preserving the overall energy balance. The resulting scheme converts a partial differential equation model into a set of ordinary differential/algebraic equations and achieves nearly a 4 orders of magnitude improvement in computational speed while preserving most of the nonlinear characteristics of the original system. Such results give clear indication that the hurdle of computational viability can be overcome and opens the door for further development of a predictive controller for the ATR application.
Willard Thrust and the Cache Uplift

The Willard thrust in the Wasatch Mountains immediately east of Ogden, Utah, is exposed for a distance of 20 miles and has a low dip eastward. It emplaces younger Precambrian strata on Paleozoic strata and older Precambrian crystalline rocks, in which the younger Precambrian beds are missing. Since the discovery of the thrust by Blackwelder in 1910, a number of writers have postulated different connections with other thrusts, opposite directions of translation, and various origins. In the attempt to reproduce the Late Mesozoic paleogeologic outcrop pattern, which would predate the extensive cover of Paleocene and Eocene clastics and volcanics, and eliminate the effects of Basin and Range faulting, a significant picture appears. A north-south uplift, here called the Cache, appears between the Willard thrust on the west and the Woodruff thrust on the east. It extends northward into Idaho and in size and shape is somewhat like the east-west Uinta Mountains uplift. The south end is terminated by a fault that connects the east flank Woodruff thrust with the west flank Willard thrust. At the southwest corner of the Cache uplift, the Willard thrust has the greatest observable horizontal displacement. Here, the Cache uplift impinges on the Northern Utah uplift, and here also has been the greatest amount of uplift. With the greatest uplift, there has developed a potential for gravity-caused downslope mass movement, and the Willard thrust sheet resulted. Such a hypothesis demands southwestward translation, and, thus, drag phenomena and stratigraphic thicknesses and sedimentary facies are considered. From the writer9s point of view, none of these seems to vitiate the concept that the Willard came from the east; in fact, they support the idea.
Risk factors for hyperplasia-associated versus atrophy-associated endometrial carcinoma.

Abstract Objective: Endometrial cancer can be divided into atrophy-associated and hyperplasia-associated subtypes. It has been suggested that these subtypes have different pathologic features and prognoses. This preliminary study explores whether these subtypes are associated with different risk factors. Study Design: Hysterectomies performed in cases of endometrial carcinoma with evaluable benign endometrium on routine processing were reviewed, and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Forty-eight subjects with atrophy-associated and 28 subjects with hyperplasia-associated cancers were studied. Results: We found younger age, higher weight, absence of cigarette smoking, and earlier menarche in subjects with hyperplasia-related cancers. Conclusions: Our findings support the idea that hyperplasia-associated endometrial cancer is estrogen-related but also suggest that atrophy-associated cases may result from a different causal pathway. Epidemiologic studies may yield more precise and accurate measures of association if atrophy-associated and hyperplasia-associated endometrial cancers are considered separately. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:506-8.)
Interactive segmentation of medical images using belief propagation with level sets

In this paper, we propose an interactive segmentation method to apply user information during the segmentation of a specific anatomic structure. This method is formulated to use belief propagation to minimize a global cost function according to local level sets. The propagation starts with one user labeled point, and iteratively extends the user information from the labeled pixel to its neighborhood by calculating the beliefs of the pixels in the same level as the labeled pixel. Since the segmentation relies on both local user information and global image features, it is less interrupted by noise, and works well even the target is not obvious to its neighbor. The promising segmentation results also show that our method is robust to the objects with high shape variation and inhomogeneous intensity value appearance.
Utility of d4-PGE2 as an internal standard to quantify endogenous levels of PGE1, PGE2, 190H PGE1 and 190H PGE2 in human seminal fluid by GC-MS-SIM☆

Four prostaglandins-PGE1, PGE2, 19OH PGE1 and 19OH PGE2-were quantified in human seminal fluid by GC-MS-SIM using only the internal standard, d4-PGE2. Methods and calculations were developed to minimize errors inherent in using only one internal standard for quantifying four closely related prostaglandins. Preliminary data concerning the statistical significance of the difference found between PGE and 19OH PGE levels in fertile, azospermic and oligospermic men are reported.
Complexity in manufacturing systems, Part 1: Analysis of static complexity

This paper studies static complexity in manufacturing systems. We enumerate factors influencing static complexity, and define a static complexity measure in terms of the processing requirements of parts to be produced and machine capabilities. The measure suggested for static complexity in manufacturing systems needs only the information available from production orders and process plans. The variation in static complexity is studied with respect to part similarity, system size, and product design changes. Finally, we present relationships between the static complexity measure and system performance.
Engineering web cache consistency

Server-driven consistency protocols can reduce read latency and improve data freshness for a given network and server overhead, compared to the traditional consistency protocols that rely on client polling. Server-driven consistency protocols appear particularly attractive for large-scale dynamic Web workloads because dynamically generated data can change rapidly and unpredictably. However, there have been few reports on engineering server-driven consistency for such workloads. This article reports our experience in engineering server-driven consistency for a sporting and event Web site hosted by IBM, one of the most popular sites on the Internet for the duration of the event. We also examine an e-commerce site for a national retail store. Our study focuses on scalability and cachability of dynamic content. To assess scalability, we measure both the amount of state that a server needs to maintain to ensure consistency and the bursts of load in sending out invalidation messages when a popular object is modified. We find that server-driven protocols can cap the size of the server's state to a given amount without significant performance costs, and can smooth the bursts of load with minimal impact on the consistency guarantees. To improve performance, we systematically investigate several design issues for which prior research has suggested widely different solutions, including whether servers should send invalidations to idle clients. Finally, we quantify the performance impact of caching dynamic data with server-driven consistency protocols and the benefits of server-driven consistency protocols for large-scale dynamic Web services. We find that (i) caching dynamically generated data can increase cache hit rates by up to 10p, compared to the systems that do not cache dynamically generated data; and (ii) server-driven consistency protocols can increase cache hit rates by a factor of 1.5-3 for large-scale dynamic Web services, compared to client polling protocols. We have implemented a prototype of a server-driven consistency protocol based on our findings by augmenting the popular Squid cache.
Effects of azasteroids on growth and development of the free-living stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Nematospiroides dubius.

1. 1. 25-Azasteroids were evaluated for their effects on the growth and development of the free-living stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Nematospiroides dubius. 2. 2. Increasing the concentration of 25-azasteroids in axenic cultures of either species resulted in a decrease in the percentage and mean length of larvae that developed to the third stage. 3. 3. Morphologic abnormalities of inhibited larvae were similar to those shown by larvae cultured in sterol-deficient medium. 4. 4. Addition of cholesterol to the culture medium reversed the inhibitive effects of azasteroid. 5. 5. Azasteroid completely inhibited growth and development of N. brasiliensis when the only sterol present in the culture medium was sitosterol. 6. 6. These results suggest similar pathways of sterol metabolism and similar mechanisms of action by azasteroids in the nematodes and insects that have been studied.
Preparation of the Langmuir−Blodgett Film of a Clay−Alkylammonium Adduct and Its Use as a Barrier for Interlayer Photoinduced Electron Transfer

We report on the photophysical application of the multilayer films of an ion-exchange adduct of a clay (synthetic saponite) and an alkylammonium cation (trimethylstearylammonium) as prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett method. For preparing a film, the adduct was dispersed in chloroform and spread over the surface of pure water. A surface pressure−area isotherm was obtained at 25.0 °C with complete reproducibility. The critical surface area, Ac, was defined as an area where the linear portion of the isotherm was extrapolated to zero surface pressure. From the dependence of Ac on the spread amount of the adduct, it was concluded that the adduct formed a film of a single clay layer at an air−water interface. The floating film was transferred onto a hydrophilic glass substrate or a calcium fluoride plate as a Z-type multilayer film. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectra, and atomic force microscopy images. The prepared clay film was revealed to act as an efficient barrier ...
Impact of NSAIDS on mortality and the effect of preexisting coronary artery disease in US veterans.

Abstract Background Evidence indicates increased risk of cardiovascular events with certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use; however, less is known about NSAID use and mortality. In addition, it is unclear whether risks observed with NSAIDs are modified by coronary artery disease (CAD). The association between NSAID exposure and mortality, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events was examined. Methods A nested case-control study in a cohort of 565,451 US veterans with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis was conducted. The cohort was divided into those with preexisting CAD (16,869 cases) and those without (11,912 cases). Up to 20 controls were selected for each case. Results The average age of participants was 69.8 years (non-CAD) and 71.8 years (CAD). Relative to no exposure, adjusted odds ratios for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events for any NSAID were 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.21) in the non-CAD group and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.11-1.27) in the CAD group. Exposure to NSAIDs was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in both the non-CAD (0.72, 95% CI, 0.68-0.77) and CAD (0.79, 95% CI, 0.73-0.86) groups. Conclusions As in previous reports, there was an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for NSAIDs. However, NSAID exposure was associated with a reduced risk of death. This study raises important questions about NSAIDs in patients with osteoarthritis given that they seem to increase the risk of cardiovascular events but decrease overall mortality.
THE REFORM OF THE CALENDAR

Persons who are interested in an immediate reform of the calendar might well confine their efforts to a readjustment of the lengths of the months. A few minor changes would make possible simplifica...
Effects of lateral hypothalamic lesions on schedule dependent and schedule induced behavior

Abstract Rats were reduced to 80 percent body weight and were exposed to an FI 1 min food reinforcement schedule for 30 min daily until lever presses, licks and water consumption stabilized for at least 10 days. Six animals were subjected to bilateral mid lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions and 6 animals to bilateral posterior LH lesions. Animals were tested for 50 days following the lesions at 80 percent body weight, were permitted to recover body weight, and were tested for an additional 30 days under ad lib feeding and after body weight recovered. Animals were then subjected to the following four home cage tests: food consumption following food deprivation; drinking following water deprivation; insulin induced eating; and salt arousal of drinking. On the basis of the data collected in these tests and lesion locus and size, the 12 experimental animals were divided into 3 groups--asymmetrical, typical and posterior bilateral LH lesion and were compared to a sham lesion control group of 4 animals. The asymmetrical LH lesion group was similar to the sham lesion group except lever pressing was significantly depressed. Typical bilateral lesion animals displayed the usual LH syndrome with prolonged depression of both schedule dependent lever pressing and schedule induced licking and drinking. Posterior bilateral LH lesions produced the most drastic effects on both schedule dependent and schedule induced behavior. Results indicate that the neural mechanism which is involved in schedule induced polydipsia is destroyed by posterior bilateral LH lesions.
Correlation Functions Provide a Universal Framework for Quantitative Analysis of Localization-Based Super-Resolution Microscopy Images

Super-resolution images reconstructed from single molecule coordinates reveal cellular structures close to the macromolecular scale. However, a widely applicable analysis tool that can extract a quantitative description and biophysical parameters from these images is still unavailable. Here, we propose a universal analysis concept for coordinate-based super-resolution images using correlation functions. We demonstrate how this analysis can quantify diffusion, localization precision, distance and co-localization. Moreover, we developed a framework for averaging multiple images by non-linear transformations to reveal structures with much higher resolution.First, we show that the commonly used pair-distance histogram is mathematically equivalent to pixel-based correlation analysis. Therefore, many strategies of pixel-based image correlation spectroscopy can also be applied to coordinate-based super-resolution images. In particular, the computational complexity of pair-distance calculations can be decreased by pixel-binning the coordinate image and employing the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm.Second, we demonstrate that the pair-distance histogram of molecule coordinates from consecutive frames allows measuring the diffusion coefficient of membrane lipids in live cells with high spatial resolution. Our analysis can handle extremely high fluorophore densities, in contrast to conventional single-particle tracking methods. The same frame-pair histogram can analogously be used to generate a map of molecule localization precision for super-resolution images, which is still elusive information.Third, we show how coordinate-based correlation functions can be used for image alignment involving transformations beyond translation. For example, we rotationally aligned multiple images of the nuclear pore complex from yeast, which exposes the octagonal complex with high precision.Finally, we propose a new correlation function, namely the point-set distance histogram, which allowed us to quantify both co-localization and distance of Clathrin to proteins of the Golgi apparatus, even though the super-resolution images were highly corrupted by background and two-color crosstalk.
Hydrogen isotope trapping in materials exposed in PLT

Abstract Samples exposed at various minor radii in PLT to small numbers of high power discharges have been analyzed for the amount and depth distribution of implanted hydrogen isotopes and higher Z impurities. Comparisons of the measured H,D concentrations and depth profiles with laboratory implantations and calculated depth profiles give the energy and fluence of the hydrogen implanted in the PLT samples. For a Maxwellian distribution, characteristic temperatures of 500 to 600eV due to plasma charge exchange, and 50 to 350eV due to ions at the plasma edge are obtained. Also a 5–40keV component is observed due to neutral beam injection.
Grand Challenges in Mapping the Human Brain: NSF Workshop Report

This report summarizes the outcomes of the NSF Workshop on Mapping and Engineering the Brain, held at Arlington, VA, during August 13-14, 2013. Three grand challenges were identified, including high spatiotemporal resolution neuroimaging, perturbation-based neuroimaging, and neuroimaging in naturalistic environments. It was highlighted that each grand challenge requires groundbreaking discoveries, enabling technologies, appropriate knowledge transfer, and multi- and transdisciplinary education and training for success.
Variable density effects on axisymmetric sudden-expansion flows

Abstract The flow through an axisymmetric sudden expansion is investigated numerically. A low-Reynolds-number full Reynolds stress closure that can account for viscous effects near a wall and thus avoids the use of wall functions is used to close the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The calculated results are compared with recent laser Doppler measurements and show that the recirculating flow and reattachment behavior are correctly predicted by the low-Reynolds-number full Reynolds stress model. Since density variation complicates mixing, coaxial flow of two different gases into an axisymmetric sudden expansion is also investigated using the full Reynolds stress model, but with the model modified to account for variable density effects. The scalar field away from the wall is calculated by solving the modelled scalar flux transport equations, but in the near-wall region, the scalar field is approximated by a constant Schmidt number. Good agreement is obtained between predictions and measurements. However, the comparison indicates that the additional terms due to density variation in the momentum and scalar flux transport equations are of importance near a wall and the governing equations for the scalar field should be modified to account for near-wall viscous dissipation effects because turbulence in this region is not isotropic.