cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food and Drug Administration's Considerations in Geriatric Drug Testing

Proper drug use by the elderly is a priority with the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to working for better testing of drugs in the elderly, FDA has been involved in developing patient dr...
Effect of dietary zinc sources and pregnancy on zinc utilization in adult women fed controlled diets.

Five nonpregnant and 10 pregnant women participated in 21-day confined metabolic studies. Two diets each providing 16 mg of zinc per day were fed. In one diet 70% of the total zinc was provided by animal products and 30% was con tributed by plant sources. In the second diet the proportions were reversed. Apparent absorption of zinc was determined using the balance technique. During the last 15 days of the study, zinc intake was only slightly greater than the amount of zinc excreted in feces. Mean apparent absorption values did not exceed 5% and did not vary due to diet or pregnancy. Zinc bioavailability was also assessed by measuring the apparent absorption of a stable isotope of zinc (70Zn)added to the diet. There was no significant effect of either diet or pregnancy on 70Znabsorption, which averaged about 25%. Serum zinc values were normal throughout the study and did not change significantly as a function of diet. The pregnant women, however, maintained values that were 19-27% lower than those of the nonpregnant women. In summary, the substitution of animal sources of zinc by plant products did not reduce zinc bioavailability or alter zinc utilization. J. Nutr. 113: 2557-2567, 1983.
The Impact of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes on WHO-Recommended Breastfeeding Practices:

Background:Suboptimal breastfeeding results in 800 000 child deaths annually. There are multiple causes of suboptimal breastfeeding, including marketing of breast-milk substitutes.Objectives:To describe sales and marketing of breast-milk substitutes and their influence on World Health Organization-recommended breastfeeding behaviors, focusing on low- and middle-income countries.Methods:Literature review.Results:Global sales of breast-milk substitutes reached US$40 billion in 2013. Growth in sales exceeds 10% annually in many low- and middle-income countries, while it is close to stagnant in high-income countries. Breast-milk substitutes are marketed directly to consumers via mass media and print advertisements and indirectly via incentives, free supplies, and promotions to and through health workers and facilities, retailers, and policy makers. Internet marketing via company web sites and social media is on the rise. Marketing influences social norms by making formula use seem to be extensive, modern, and...
Thermomechanical Stress Analysis of the Vessel Coating of an Ignition Experiment

A relatively simple and low cost first wall system concept for a fusion ignition experiment is proposed and analyzed here. The basic idea is to use plasma gun technology to spray a thin layer of be...
Recovery of the Vestibulocolic Reflex After Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity in Domestic Chickens

Recovery of the vestibulocolic reflex after aminoglycoside ototoxicity in domestic chickens. Avian auditory and vestibular hair cells regenerate after damage by ototoxic drugs, but until recently t...
Materials Integrating Photochemical Upconversion.

This review features recent experimental work focused on the preparation and characterization of materials that integrate photochemical upconversion derived from sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation, resulting in the conversion of low energy photons to higher energy light, thereby enabling numerous wavelength-shifting applications. Recent topical developments in upconversion include encapsulating or rigidifying fluid solutions to give them mechanical strength, adapting inert host materials to enable upconversion, and using photoactive materials that incorporate the sensitizer and/or the acceptor. The driving force behind translating photochemical upconversion from solution into hard and soft materials is the incorporation of upconversion into devices and other applications. At present, some of the most promising applications of upconversion materials include imaging and fluorescence microscopy, photoelectrochemical devices, water disinfection, and solar cell enhancement.
Towards usable and interoperable workflow provenance: empirical case studies using PML

In this paper, we describe how a semantic webbased provenance Interlingua called the Proof Markup Language (PML) has been used to encode workflow provenance in a variety of diverse application areas. We highlight some usability and interoperability challenges that arose in the application areas and show how PML was used in the solutions.
Optoplasmonic networks with morphology-dependent near- and far-field responses

Optoplasmonic networks consisting of dielectric microsphere resonators and plasmonic nanoantennas in a morphologically well-defined on-chip platform support unique electromagnetic signatures that are hybrids of photonic whispering gallery modes and localized surface plasmon resonances. Here we explore the dependence of their near- and far-field responses on the key structural parameters, including the size of the gold nanoparticles forming the plasmonic elements, the separation between the microspheres, and the geometry of the chain. The high degree of structural flexibility, which is experimentally accessible through template guided self-assembly approaches, makes these optoplasmonic structures a unique electromagnetic material for tuning spectral shapes and intensities.
Some Users Pack a Wallop: Measuring the Impact of Core Users on the Participation of Others in Online Social Systems.

This study investigates how heavily active contributors affect recruitment and retention in online social systems. We find that core enthusiasts are more successful recruiters, their recruits are more likely to become enthusiasts, and interacting with enthusiasts makes users less likely to exit the system. We also find evidence that strong dyadic ties between non-enthusiasts help extend active careers in online social systems. Implications include considerations for community growth and retention based on the influence of these core users.
Stepping Off the Dance Floor for a View From the Balcony: Observations for Physical Education Teacher Education Programs in Interesting Times

AbstractThe theme of this article is adopted from the work of leadership experts Heifetz and Linsky, who described the need for organizational leaders to balance their time on the “dance floor” (managing tasks) with time viewing from the “balcony” (understanding the bigger picture). The physical education teacher education doctoral program faculty on many campuses would be well advised to periodically invest time distancing themselves from the daily rigors of research, teaching, and service to better understand the challenges and opportunities confronting their programs. Furthermore, faculty must be willing to critique their program and its strategic direction, eliminate ineffective practices that consume limited resources, and retain what is most important. The purpose of this article is to provide collective observations “from the balcony” for faculty working in physical education teacher education doctoral programs as a catalyst for discussion.
The 2015/16 El Niño Event in Context of the MERRA-2 Reanalysis: A Comparison of the Tropical Pacific with 1982/83 and 1997/98

AbstractThe 2015/16 El Nino is analyzed using atmospheric and oceanic analysis produced using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation systems. As well as describing the structure of the event, a theme of this work is to compare and contrast it with two other strong El Ninos, in 1982/83 and 1997/98. These three El Nino events are included in the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and in the more recent MERRA-2 reanalyses. MERRA-2 allows a comparison of fields derived from the underlying GEOS model, facilitating a more detailed comparison of physical forcing mechanisms in the El Nino events. Various atmospheric and oceanic structures indicate that the 2015/16 El Nino maximized in the Nino-3.4 region, with a large region of warming over most of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The eastern tropical Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western tropical Pacific are found to be less dry in boreal winter, compared to the earlier two strong events. Whereas th...
The boron isotopic evolution of the Little Three pegmatites, Ramona, CA

Abstract Tourmaline, mica, hambergite, danburite, and axinite from three pegmatite dikes (named Main, Swamp, and Spessartine) at the Little Three mine near Ramona, California, have been analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for their boron isotopic compositions (δ11B). Tourmaline is the sole host of B in the massive footwall and hanging wall sections of the dikes, and the principal sink for B in the miarolitic cavities. In the thinner Spessartine and Swamp dikes, the pocket mineralogy includes foitite, spessartine, muscovite, axinite, danburite, and rare beryl. The thicker Main dike culminates in cavities containing topaz, elbaite, lepidolite, boromuscovite, hambergite, and rare stibiotantalite. Values of δ11BTur from the Little Three pegmatites are strikingly heavy (− 0.1‰ to + 13.8‰) compared to other pegmatitic tourmaline (~− 27 to + 9‰), which is best explained by inheritance from an 11B-enriched source material such as altered oceanic crust. Flat patterns of δ11BTur from margin-to-core of each pegmatite attest to a negligible fractionation of boron isotopes between tourmaline-granitic melt and granitic melt-aqueous fluid. Tourmaline samples from intermediate zones and miarolitic cavities have identical boron isotopic compositions, except for miarolitic cavities that contain axinite and danburite, whose B is in 4-fold structural coordination. In these cavities, the δ11B of tourmaline increases relative to tourmaline from the intermediate zone. Interpretations of δ11BTur from margin-to-core in these and other pegmatites are hampered by uncertainties in the boron isotopic fractionation factors for melt-aqueous fluid and for tourmaline-granitic melt. Based on modeled cooling and crystallization of these dikes, the growth of tourmaline should have been fast relative to the diffusivity of B through granitic melt. Hence, an equilibrium distribution of 11B and 10B between tourmaline, bulk melt, and an aqueous solution (i.e. Rayleigh fractionation process) is unlikely. The negligible isotopic fractionation of boron in tourmaline from margins to center, therefore, probably records only the bulk isotopic composition of the pegmatite-forming melts.
Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Pituitary Diseases

The role of molecular testing in the routine evaluation of pituitary disease is in its infancy. There is currently a very limited role for such testing in the routine clinical evaluation of pituitary lesions. Research studies using molecular techniques is augmenting our understanding of pituitary disease and particularly neoplastic lesions. This chapter provides an overview of the interface between molecular pathology and both nonneoplastic and neoplastic conditions of the pituitary gland.
A Web-Based Toolkit for Mathematical Word Processing Applications with Semantics

Lurch is an open-source word processor that can check the steps in students’ mathematical proofs. Users write in a natural language, but mark portions of a document as meaningful, so the software can distinguish content for human readers from content it should analyze.
Getting the Benefit of Planned Early Dispute Resolution in Construction Projects

This short article argues that although mediation usually is better for parties than a trial, when mediation occurs late in litigation, parties can suffer many of the same problems as in litigation. Mediation of individual disputes can resolve particular problems, but parties remain at risk of repeating the same problems in the future. Using a “planned early dispute resolution” (PEDR) system can help parties to efficiently and effectively deal with an ongoing series of problems. This article describes how companies can use PEDR to achieve parties’ goals by systematically preventing disputes from mushrooming out of control as well as efficiently managing disputes after they arise. It outlines steps in PEDR procedures, which can be used by virtually any organization and are not limited to construction matters.
Generational differences in perceptions of financial planners

This study investigates the differences in adoption of and perceptions about financial planners among different age groups. Data from a survey of more than 300 people across generations were used to determine if decisions of hiring financial planners, or the types of services requested from financial planners, differed across different age cohorts. Although there are some similarities across generations about expectations of expertise, unselfishness, and trustworthiness of financial planners, there are differences in how financial planners are sought out, and the areas of advice desired by different generations. Millennials and Generation X have a higher preference for independent financial planners over affiliated planners, require more frequent communication with their planners, consider advice for risk management as important as retirement planning, and wish to remain more involved with their planners than the older cohorts.
On startups and teaching computer architecture

The ACM 2001 curriculum [1] states that "[s]tudents need to understand computer architecture in order to structure a program so that it runs more efficiently on a real machine. In selecting a system to use, they should be able to understand the tradeoff among various components, such as CPU clock speed vs. memory size." Generally, the computer architecture (CA) class in computer science departments is taught in two flavors: one where the lectures are centered on textbooks such as Staellings[2] or Hennessy and Patterson[3], the other one---usually taught by faculty with more engineering backgrounds---where a digital electronics perspective is presented in lectures and laboratories, and in which case textbooks such as Mano[4] are used. In recent years, we have seen new textbooks appear offering Hardware Description Language (VHSL) as a conduit for understanding and then programming logic design and microprocessor electronics [5]. In this approach a language, typically Verilog, is used as a support for understanding and designing simple logic circuits that are easily encapsulated in modules, and in turn integrated into a microprocessor design. Rigo et al. [6] describe their experience teaching architecture using a similar approach based on the Architecture Description Language (ADL). Similarly, Gray [7] proposes a whole computer architecture course based on FPGAs.
Single-Protein Dynamics and the Regulation of the Plasma-Membrane Ca2+ Pump

The plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump helps to maintain proper Ca2+ levels in the cell by using ATP to drive Ca2+ transport across the cell membrane. In this chapter, we describe single-molecule experiments in our laboratory to investigate the mechanisms of regulation of the plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump by the Ca2+ signaling protein calmodulin, which binds to a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of the pump. Single-molecule fluorescence methods add new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by resolving heterogeneous populations and dynamics. We have used single-molecule polarization modulation and single-pair resonance energy transfer experiments to probe conformations and dynamics of the autoinhibitory domain. The results show that the mechanisms of regulation by the autoinhibitory domain are more subtle and complex than previously realized.
The Value of Youth Organizing

As a part of its collaboration with the Born This Way Foundation, the Berkman Center is publishing on this website a series of papers that synthesize existing peer-reviewed research or equivalent scholarship and provide research-grounded insight to the variety of stakeholders working on issues related to youth empowerment and action towards creating a kinder, braver world. This series, called the The Kinder & Braver World Project: Research Series (danah boyd, John Palfrey, and Dena Sacco, editors), is presented by the Born This Way Foundation & the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, and supported by the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. This set of papers involves topics related to the Role of Youth Organizations and Youth Movements for Social Change.Across the country, adolescents have become deeply involved in struggles for equity and social justice, as they work to promote a kinder, braver world. Although youth have long been leaders in social change efforts, today’s young people are increasingly supported in this work through youth organizing programs. This paper explains what youth organizing is, identifies four ways in which it benefits the young people involved, offers suggestions for mitigating any downsides of participation, and addresses barriers that youth organizing groups may face.
Implications of the New Definition of Diabetes for Health Disparities

In July 2009, an international committee announced a new diagnostic criterion for diabetes based on hemoglobin Ale A|c(HbA 1C ) values. Our objective was to estimate how the new diabetes diagnostic criterion will affect the prevalence of diabetes among different race, age, and gender subpop-ulations, compared to the previously used fasting plasma glucose (FPG) criterion. We analyzed nationally representative data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), aggregated from 1999 to 2006. We estimated the prevalence of known diabetes (prevalence static across either diagnostic criterion), unknown, and no diabetes (prevalence variable by criterion). We tested statistical significance of prevalence differences for unknown diabetes between the prior diagnostic criterion—FPG of at least 126 mg/dL—and the new diagnostic criterion—HbA 1 c of at least 6.5%—using conditional logistic regression. We further tested the association of these differences with demographic factors. The new HbAi c diagnostic criterion differentially affects different racial/ethnic groups. For non-Hispanic whites, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was more than halved from 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-3.1) with FPG diagnosis to 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0-1.7), P
Innovative Surfactant/Cosolvent Technologies for Removal of NAPL and Sorbed Contaminants from Aquifers

Conventional pump-and-treat removal of nonaqueous phase liquids and sorbed contaminants from groundwater has proved unsuccessful in many cases for a variety of reasons. To overcome some of the limitations of these methods, innovative technologies are currently under development which attempt to increase subsurface contaminant removal efficiencies through the addition of surfactants and/or cosolvents. The rationale behind the use of these substances for improving groundwater contaminant removal, as well as several case studies are reviewed.
Effect of target material on relativistic electron beam transport

A computational study using the hybrid-particle-in-cell code ZUMA investigated the transport of a fast electron beam (55 J, 1013 A/cm2) produced at Titan laser conditions (λ = 1 μm, 0.7 ps, 1020 W/cm2) in materials ranging from the low to high atomic number, specifically fast electron stopping and the evolution of resistive magnetic fields. Fast electron energy loss due to stopping was similar in Al, Cu, and Ag (21%–27%) and much higher in Au (54%). Ohmic stopping was found to dominate over collisional stopping in all materials except Au. Resistive magnetic field growth was shown to depend on the dynamic competition between the resistivity and resistivity gradient source terms in Faraday's Law. Moreover, the dependence of these terms on the background material ionization state and temperature evolution is presented. The advantages of mid-Z materials for collimation are discussed, as well as the implications for collimation at fast ignition conditions.
Alterations in GRHL2-OVOL2-ZEB1 axis and aberrant activation of Wnt signaling lead to altered gene transcription in posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy.

Abstract Mutations associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) have been identified in three genes: ZEB1 (zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1) associated with sub-type PPCD3; OVOL2 (ovol-like zinc finger 2) associated with sub-type PPCD1; and GRHL2 (grainyhead like transcription factor 2) associated with sub-type PPCD4. Each of these genes encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell-state transitions. While the discovery of these PPCD-associated genes has greatly expanded our knowledge of the genetic basis of PPCD, the molecular mechanisms via which mutations in these genes lead to indistinguishable disease phenotypes have yet to be elucidated. To characterize the gene expression profiles of the genetic sub-types of PPCD, RNA-seq was performed on corneal endothelium derived from an individual with PPCD1 who harbors a c.-307T > C OVOL2 promoter mutation. Transcriptomic analysis of this and previously-reported RNA-seq data from two individuals with PPCD (the first with PPCD3 associated with a ZEB1 truncating mutation (c.1381delinsGACGAT) and the second with genetically unresolved PPCD in which ZEB1 coding region, OVOL2 promoter and GRHL2 promoter, exon 1, and intron 1 mutations were excluded) revealed: OVOL2 expression increased in PPCD1 (259 fold), unchanged in PPCD3 and slightly increased in genetically unresolved PPCD (from 0 TPM to 0.86 TPM, undefined fold change); ZEB1 expression decreased in PPCD1 (−5.9 fold), PPCD3 (−3.95 fold) and genetically unresolved PPCD (−3.96 fold); and GRHL2 expression increased in PPCD1 (333.5 fold), slightly increased (from 0 TPM to 0.67 TPM, undefined fold change) in PPCD3 and increased in genetically unresolved PPCD (1853 fold). Additionally, as the majority of pedigrees affected with PPCD remain genetically unresolved, we screened the promoter, exon 1, and intron 1 regions of GRHL2 in 24 PPCD probands who do not harbor a ZEB1 or OVOL2 mutation. GRHL2 screening did not identify any novel or rare GRHL2 variant in these 24 individuals. As ZEB1 can act as an activator or repressor of downstream target gene expression depending on Wnt signaling pathway activation or deactivation, we also sought to determine whether or not Wnt signaling is active in PPCD by performing immunohistochemistry in corneal tissue sections derived from an individual affected with PPCD3 and from an individual with genetically unresolved PPCD. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated corneal endothelial nuclear accumulation of S552 phos-β-catenin and cytosolic localization of S33/37/T42 non-phosphorylated β-catenin in PPCD, indicating aberrant activation of Wnt signaling, which was not observed in control corneal endothelium. These findings suggest that alterations in the ZEB1-OVOL2-GRHL2 axis (caused by PPCD-associated mutations) lead to changes in corneal endothelial cell state and molecular pathways, including the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
Suspended licenses, suspended lives: the impact of drug-related driver’s license suspensions on traffic fatalities

As part of the War on Drugs, many states passed legislation revoking the driver’s licenses of individuals convicted of drug crimes, even for drug offenses in which no driving offense occurred. Thes...
Operational planning of supply chains in a production and distribution center with just-in-time delivery

Purpose: A supply chain consists of raw material suppliers, manufacturers and retailers where inventory of raw materials and finished goods are involved, respectively. Therefore, it is important to find optimal solutions, which are beneficial for both supplier, manufacturer and retailer. Design/methodology/approach: This research focuses on a semi-continuous manufacturing facility by assuming that the production of succeeding cycle starts immediately after the production of preceding cycle. In reality, the inventory of a supply chain system may not be completely empty. A number of products may be left over after the deliveries are made. These leftover inventories are added to the next shipment after the production of required amount to makeup a complete batch for shipment. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for an optimal strategies for these types production facilities where leftover finished goods inventory remains after the final shipment in a production cycle. Considering these scenarios, an inventory model is developed for an imperfect matching condition where some finished goods remains after the shipments. Findings: Based on the previous observation, this research also considers a single facility that follows JIT delivery and produces multiple products to satisfy customers’ demand. For this problem a rotational cycle model is developed to optimize the facility operations. Both problems are categorized as mixed integer non-linear programming problems which are to be solved to find optimum number of orders, shipments and rotational cycle policy for multiple products. Also, this solution will lead to estimate the optimum production quantity and minimum total system cost. Research limitations: This research considers the supply chain based on manufacturers point of view and it does not consider the transportation cost associated with supply chain. Next study will be focused on issues with joint decision making, information sharing, and transportation decision. Practical implications: This study will help the managers of refinery and paper industries in making their operation smooth by applying optimizing techniques and robust decision making. Originality/value: Based on the literature, no research was found on continuous production system supply chain and its optimization with JIT delivery. This research will definitely provide a direction for such problem to the researchers.
Accuracy and Fairness Trade-offs in Machine Learning: A Stochastic Multi-Objective Approach.

In the application of machine learning to real-life decision-making systems, e.g., credit scoring and criminal justice, the prediction outcomes might discriminate against people with sensitive attributes, leading to unfairness. The commonly used strategy in fair machine learning is to include fairness as a constraint or a penalization term in the minimization of the prediction loss, which ultimately limits the information given to decision-makers. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to handle fairness by formulating a stochastic multi-objective optimization problem for which the corresponding Pareto fronts uniquely and comprehensively define the accuracy-fairness trade-offs. We have then applied a stochastic approximation-type method to efficiently obtain well-spread and accurate Pareto fronts, and by doing so we can handle training data arriving in a streaming way.
CRIMSON: Compute-Intensive Loop Acceleration by Randomized Iterative Modulo Scheduling and Optimized Mapping on CGRAs

Coarse-grain reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs) are emerging accelerators that promise low-power acceleration of compute-intensive loops in applications. The acceleration achieved by CGRA relies on the efficient mapping of the compute-intensive loops by the CGRA compiler, onto the CGRA architecture. The CGRA mapping problem, being NP-complete, is performed in a two-step process, namely, scheduling and mapping. The scheduling algorithm allocates timeslots to the nodes of the data flow graph, and the mapping algorithm maps the scheduled nodes onto the processing elements of the CGRA. On a mapping failure, the initiation interval (II) is increased and a new schedule is obtained for the increased II. Most previous mapping techniques use the iterative modulo scheduling (IMS) algorithm to find a schedule for a given II. Since IMS generates a resource-constrained as-soon-as-possible (ASAP) scheduling, even with increased II, it tends to generate a similar schedule that is not mappable. Therefore, IMS does not explore the schedule space effectively. To address these issues, this article proposes CRIMSON, compute-intensive loop acceleration by randomized IMS and optimized mapping technique that generates random modulo schedules by exploring the schedule space, thereby creating different modulo schedules at a given and increased II. CRIMSON also employs a novel conservative test after scheduling to prune valid schedules that are not mappable. From our study conducted on the top 24 performance-critical loops (run for more than 7% of application time) from MiBench, Rodinia, and Parboil, we found that previous state-of-the-art approaches that use IMS, such as RAMP and GraphMinor could not map five and seven loops, respectively, on a $4\times 4$ CGRA, whereas CRIMSON was able to map them all. For loops mapped by the previous approaches, CRIMSON achieved a comparable II.
A step forward in kinesthetic activities for teaching kinematics in introductory physics

We present a set of kinesthetic activities that utilize a local positioning system to teach kinematics in the physics classroom or laboratory. The activities build on previously reported activities in scope and complexity, incorporating two-dimensional motion and the simultaneous motions of multiple bodies. In these activities, students act out motions illustrated in graphs of kinematic quantities while holding a local positioning system device that tracks their position. Students are able to watch the data as they are graphed in real-time. These activities provide a kinesthetic experience of kinematics by allowing students to analyze their own movement rather than just the movement of specialized laboratory equipment.
Early Changes in Physical Activity and Quality of Life With Thoracic Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Lymphoma

Purpose The effects of thoracic radiation therapy (RT) on physical functioning and quality of life (QoL) are incompletely defined. We determined the associations between thoracic RT dose volume metrics, physical activity, and QoL in patients with cancer. Methods and Materials Participants with breast cancer, lung cancer, or mediastinal lymphoma treated with radiation with or without chemotherapy were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Data were collected pre-RT, immediately post-RT, and 5 to 9 months post-RT. At each timepoint, self-reported physical activity was assessed via the Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, and QoL metrics were assessed via Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue and Dyspnea Scales. Multivariable adjusted linear regression models were stratified by breast cancer alone and lung cancer and lymphoma combined. Results One hundred thirty participants were included in the study. In breast cancer (n = 80), each 1-Gy increase in mean heart dose was associated with worse Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue scores (–1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], –1.9 to –0.2; P = .021); similar associations were observed between V5 and fatigue (–2.5; 95% CI, –4.4 to –0.6; P = .010 for each 10% increase in V5). In lung cancer and lymphoma (n = 50), each 10% increase in V5 was associated with decreased physical activity (Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire score –2.3; 95% CI, –4.3 to –0.4; P = .017). Although the associations between baseline levels of physical activity and fatigue and dyspnea were of borderline significance in breast cancer alone (P Conclusions Higher cardiac RT dose was associated with worse fatigue and physical activity across breast cancer, lung cancer, and mediastinal lymphoma. Longitudinal increases in physical activity were associated with concurrent improvements in QoL measures. Strategies to increase physical activity and decrease cardiac RT dose may improve physical functioning and QoL for patients with cancer.
Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important economic disease of cattle in modern production systems. Control of BRD in calves is especially important because calfhood infections lead to reduced weight gain and productivity. Accurate detection of animals affected with BRD remains a significant hurdle for control and treatment. Several clinical scoring systems for BRD diagnosis have been proposed. One scoring system proposed by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (WI system, McGuirk, 2008) uses 5 clinical signs, each partitioned into 4 levels of severity. A second system (BRD3 system, Love et al, 2014) was developed at the University of California, Davis, to create a system that required less qualitative categorization of clinical signs and reduced calf handling. The BRD3 system used 6 clinical signs each classified as normal or abnormal. The goal of this study was to estimate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of these 2 clinical scoring systems.
Differential diagnosis of the right sided "ping"

When an auscultable “ping” is discovered on the right side of a bovine animal during physical examination, extreme care must be taken in evaluating its significance. Although the “ping” should be considered abnormal, it is not always an indication of a surgical condition. Conversely, it may be a life threatening condition requiring immediate surgical intervention. The usual causes of a right sided “ping” are: 1) right displacement of the abomasum, 2) abomasal torsion, 3) cecal torsion, 4) gas in the abdominal cavity, 5) duodenal gas, and 6) colonic gas. Of these, the first three are generally considered surgical diseases and the last 3 are generally medical conditions.
Vielkomponenten-Analysengerät für Auto-Abgase

The present-day practice of measuring car emissions requires complex gas analyzing devices with a great variety of analyzers and complex sampling system. To improve this situation the development of a new instrument was initiated. The development, the special feature and the basic physical principles of a special Fourier-Transform-Spectrometer (FTIR) instrument are described. An integrated mass flow rate measurement is based on the tracer gas dilution method. The new system allows real time multicomponent concentration and mass emission determination directly in the exhaust stream of cars. The FTIR principle allows the construction drift and cross sensitivity and with a stability Calibration is needed only once a year.
Seabed Dynamics in the Adriatic Sea and Western Gulf of Lions

Abstract : The ultimate objective of this research program is to obtain a predictive understanding of the physical and biological processes responsible for the formation, alteration and preservation of sedimentary strata on continental margins. The general approach is to use focused field observations and measurements to develop and test hypotheses. During the past triennium this project has transitioned between analyses of data collected in the Adriatic Sea during FY01-03, conducting fieldwork in the Gulf of Lions (GOL) in FY05, and completing overall analyses from both locations in FY06. The Adriatic research has had two broad objectives. First, we are testing the idea that river-ocean coherence has a first-order impact on the initial distribution and character of strata in the coastal ocean. In particular, we hypothesize that moderate sized rivers (e.g., Po, ~105 km2), in which discharge peaks are decoupled from oceanic conditions, produce thick beds that have large horizontal continuity and significant vertical (i.e., temporal) variation in physical properties. In contrast, small rivers (e.g., Apennine rivers, Eel, ~104 km2) produce thin beds, which due to subsequent bioturbation have low horizontal continuity and little vertical variability. Second, we are exploring the idea that large-scale spatial variability in sediment erodibility may control accumulation rate patterns that have been observed in the western Adriatic (Po River to Gargano peninsula).
Engineering stategies and implications of using higher plants for throttling gas and water exchange in a controlled ecological life support system

Engineering stategies for advanced life support systems to be used on Lunar and Mars bases involve a wide spectrum of approaches. These range from purely physical-chemical life support strategies to purely biological approaches. Within the context of biological based systems, a bioengineered system can be devised that would utilize the metabolic mechanisms of plants to control the rates of CO2 uptake and O2 evolution (photosynthesis) and water production (transpiration). Such a mechanism of external engineering control has become known as throttling. Research conducted at the John F. Kennedy Space Center's Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Project has demonstrated the potential of throttling these fluxes by changing environmental parameters affecting the plant processes. Among the more effective environmental throttles are: light and CO2 concentration for controllingthe rate of photsynthesis and humidity and CO2 concentration for controlling transpiration. Such a bioengineered strategy implies control mechanisms that in the past have not been widely attributed to life support systems involving biological components and suggests a broad range of applications in advanced life support system design.
Metabolism of a Proline Analogue, l-Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid, by Escherichia coli

Unger, Leon (University of Illinois, Urbana), and R. D. DeMoss. Metabolism of a proline analogue, l-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 91:1564–1569. 1966.—Resting cells of Escherichia coli K-12, pregrown in a proline- and thioproline-free medium, oxidize the proline analogue, l-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (l-thioproline), without a lag with the consumption of 1 atom of oxygen per mole of thioproline. The organism also oxidizes cysteine and formaldehyde, the chemical precursors of thioproline. The total oxygen consumed is the same whether the substrate is thioproline, cysteine, formaldehyde, or an equimolar mixture of cysteine and formaldehyde. The results suggest that neither cysteine nor formaldehyde are free intermediates in the oxidative pathway. Thioproline is available as a metabolic carbon source for the synthesis of the ribonucleic acid bases, guanine and uracil.
Late onset complete heart block. Newly recognized sequela of cardiac surgery.

Abstract Two children who had undergone definitive repair of tetralogy of Fallot suddenly had sustained complete heart block 3 and 4 years, respectively, after operation. Review of the literature and a nationwide survey revealed similar experiences in additional 18 cases. Ten of the patients had tetralogy of Fallot, 5 had endocardial cushion defects, 4 had isolated ventricular septal defects, and 1 had transposition of the great vessels. The interval between time of operation and documentation of the block ranged from 1 month to 14 years. The data indicate a need for careful evaluation of postoperative conduction disturbances. Delayed onset of complete heart block is a possibility in all patients but particularly in those with evidence of damage to one or both bundle branches.
Performance comparison of ECN-BLUE in both single bottleneck and multi-bottleneck networks

We investigate in this paper the application of ECN-BLUE, which uses packet marking to indicate congestion instead of dropping packets currently adopted by BLUE. We compare the performance of ECN-BLUE with BLUE in both a single bottleneck and a multi-bottleneck network. Our simulation results show that ECN-BLUE cannot further improve the performance of BLUE in terms of packet drop rate, average queue size and queue size stability.
Successful surgical removal of an epileptogenic focus in a dog.

A case of localized secondary fungal meningo-encephalitis with seizures is presented. The clinical features and the surgical treatment of the case are described. Pre-surgical and post-surgical electroencephalograms and cessation of clinical signs revealed the successful removal of the epileptogenic focus. Some of the diagnostic features of chronic pyelonephritis, as they affect this case, are reported. Resume. On decrit un cas de meningo-encephalite fungoide, secondaire et localisee, accompagnee d'attaques brusques. On passe en revue les traits cliniques et le traitement chirurgical du cas. Les electro-encephalograrnmes avant et apres l'operation et l'arret des signes cliniques ont revele que le foyer epileptogene a pu etre eloigne avec succes. On rapporte certains des elements diagnostiques de la pyelo-nephrite chronique qui interessent ce cas. Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von lokalisierter sekundarer fungaler Meningoencephalitis mit Anfallen wird beschrieben. Die klinischen Merkmale und die chirurgische Behandlung des Falles werden besprochen. Elektroencephalogramme vor und nach der chirurgische Behandlung. Und das Verschwinden der klinischen Merkmale zeigten die erfolgreiche Entfernung des epileptogenen Focus. Einige der diagnostischen Merkmale chronischer Pyelonephritis, welche von Bedeutung fur diesen Fall waren, werden angegeben.
A broadband P wave analysis of the large deep Fiji Island and Bolivia Earthquakes of 1994

The complex broadband P-wave displacement recordings of the 570 km deep March 9, 1994, Mw 7.6 Fiji Island and the 660 km deep June 9, 1994, Mw 8.2 Bolivia earthquakes are analyzed to estimate the spatial and temporal characteristics of their ruptures. We model relative arrival times and amplitudes of coherent subevents in P waveforms, and perform waveform analyses. We resolve: (1) short rupture durations relative to their seismic moments, 12 and 40 s for the Fiji and Bolivia earthquakes, respectively; (2) small areas of main moment release, for both earthquakes 30 × 40 km²; (3) high stress drops compared to shallow earthquakes, with the stress drop of the Bolivia event (283 MPa) being significantly higher than the stress drop of the Fiji event (26 MPa); (4) small changes in mechanism (up to 10° changes in fault plane orientation); and (5) a steeply dipping rupture plane for the Fiji earthquake, and a shallowly dipping rupture plane for the Bolivia earthquake. Details of the ruptures are difficult to resolve using teleseismic P waveforms.
The Futurist Noise Machine

Futurism is famous for promoting “the art of noise” in its manifestos, serate (theatrical evenings), poetry, music, and visual art. Noise appears in Futurism as an avatar of the machine age, as a means of assaulting the senses of complacent audiences, and as a sign of the conflict inherent in matter. Beginning with the “Founding and Manifesto of Futurism” of 1909, where the noises of the street galvanize Marinetti and his friends to break out of a prison-like domestic space, to early paintings representing the vibrations of music/noise by Balla, Severini, Carra, and Russolo, to Russolo's 1913 manifesto “The Art of Noises” and his invention of a series of “noise tuners,” discordant sound played a vital role in Futurist art and politics. Often it was associated with moments of rebirth or awakening to new forms of consciousness, as in Russolo's noise score “Awakening of the City,” but it could also signify the destruction of life, as in Marinetti's Zang Tumb Tuuum. It served both to shatter older forms of pe...
Boundary Conditions for the Digital Forensic Use of Electronic Evidence and The Need for Forensic Counter-Analysis

Network and Digital Forensics provide information about electronic activity in new, sometimes unprecedented forms. These new forms offer new, powerful tactical tools for investigations of electronic malfeasance when incorporated under traditional legal regulation of state power, particular that of Fourth Amendment limitations on police searches and seizures under the U.S. Constitution. These tactical tools raise issues of public policy and privacy that may raise concerns about the proper police oversight of civil society. How those issues are resolved will define personal privacy, autonomy and dignity in the 21st digital century.
A NOTE ON LOSSES IN M/GI/1/n QUEUES

Let Ln be the number of losses during a busy period of an M/G I/1/n queueing system. We develop a coupling between Ln and Ln+1 and use the resulting relationship to provide a simple proof that when the mean service time equals the mean interarrival time, ELn = 1 for all n. We also show that L,2 is increasing in the convex sense when the mean service time equals the mean interarrival time, and it is increasing in the increasing convex sense when the mean service time is less than the mean interarrival time.
Separation of DNA restriction fragments using capillary electrophoresis

Abstract Gel-filled and “non-gel” capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been applied to the separation of various DNA restriction fragments. 30% HydroLink gel, polymerized inside a 75-urn I'd. fused-silica capillary, was used in the gel-filled CE. Primary results show that the HL capillary gel was simple to cast, and its stability was reasonably good under our running conditions. In the non-gel CE experiment, a buffer containing the sieving additive hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose was used to affect the size-dependent separation. The use of GC capillaries eliminates the inconvenience of separately coating the capillary walls for efficient non-gel separation. Finally, we demonstrate that it is feasible to detect native DNA fragments using indirect fluorometry in non-gel capillary electrophoresis.
RISK STRATIFICATION OF CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS WITH PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION USING CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can identify patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), even in the presence of preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). However, the prognosis of these patients is not well defined. In patients with CS and
Hybrid optical transmitter for microwave communication

We demonstrate a 1.3 micron wavelength optical transmitter system with a 20 GHz RF center frequency and 2 GHz bandwidth. We accomplish this by actively modelocking a semiconductor diode laser at 14 GHz; the modelocked signal is then externally modulated between 5 GHz and 7 GHz, using a lithium niobate based Mach-Zehnder modulator. We show a hybrid prototype package for the modelocked laser source.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.