cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental and modelling investigations of steady-state and dynamic characteristics of ethylene hydrogenation on Pt/Al2O3

Abstract A robust strategy based on fluid-phase measurements is described for the testing and development of kinetic models for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Steady-state, step-response, feedback-induced Hopf bifurcation and forced concentration cycling experiments were applied to ethylene hydrogenation over 0.05% Pt/Al 2 O 3 in a CSTR at 80°C. Two versions of a reaction mechanism that differ in the order for hydrogen adsorption describe the experimental steady-state data. However, only one of these models adequately describes the system responses to step changes in the feed composition. Step-response experiments were used to identify a time scale of 5000 s which is associated with chemisorbed hydrogen. Conversely, feedback-induced Hopf bifurcation data indicate this time scale to be of the order of 1 s in magnitude. In the overall strategy of dynamic modelling, the two techniques are complementary since each inherently focuses on an opposite region in the spectrum of time scales for the reactor system. A detailed method for analysing feedback-induced Hopf bifurcation with a time delay is presented. The dynamic model based upon steady-state, step-response and bifurcation data was found to be inadequate for describing the results from cycled-feedstream experiments. Cycling the feedstream composition resulted in an improvement of the time-average reaction rate for the ethylene hydrogenation reaction compared to steady-state reactor operation. Rate improvement was observed for the entire range of ethylene feed concentrations that were tested, including conditions which give rise to a maximum in the steady-state reaction rate surface.
Effects of methamphetamine abuse and serotonin transporter gene variants on aggression and emotion-processing neurocircuitry

Individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) exhibit heightened aggression, but the neurobiological underpinnings are poorly understood. As variability in the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene can influence aggression, this study assessed possible contributions of this gene to MA-related aggression. In all, 53 MA-dependent and 47 control participants provided self-reports of aggression, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing pictures of faces. Participants were genotyped at two functional polymorphic loci in the SERT gene: the SERT-linked polymorphic region (SERT-LPR) and the intron 2 variable number tandem repeat polymorphism (STin2 VNTR); participants were then classified as having high or low risk for aggression according to individual SERT risk allele combinations. Comparison of SERT risk allele loads between groups showed no difference between MA-dependent and control participants. Comparison of self-report scores showed greater aggression in MA-dependent than control participants, and in high genetic risk than low-risk participants. Signal change in the amygdala was lower in high genetic risk than low-risk participants, but showed no main effect of MA abuse; however, signal change correlated negatively with MA use measures. Whole-brain differences in activation were observed between MA-dependent and control groups in the occipital and prefrontal cortex, and between genetic high- and low-risk groups in the occipital, fusiform, supramarginal and prefrontal cortex, with effects overlapping in a small region in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that the investigated SERT risk allele loads are comparable between MA-dependent and healthy individuals, and that MA and genetic risk influence aggression independently, with minimal overlap in associated neural substrates.
Local times for stochastic processes which are subordinate to Gaussian processes

Abstract Let X and Y be random vectors of the same dimension such that Y has a normal distribution with mean vector O and covariance matrix R. Let g(x), x≥0, be a bounded nonincreasing function. X is said to be g-subordinate to Y if |Eeiu′X| ≤ g(u′Ru) for all real vectors u of the same dimension as X. This is used to define the g-subordination of a real stochastic process X(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, to a Gaussian process Y(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. It is shown that the basic local time properties of a given Gaussian process are shared by all the processes that age g-subordinate to it. It is shown in particular that certain random series, including some random Fourier series, are g-subordinate to Gaussian processes, and so have their local time properties.
Model filled polymers. XV: The effects of chemical interactions and matrix molecular weight on rheology

In order to explore the effects of chemical composition on the rheological behavior o filled polymeric systems, we prepared polystyrene (9PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles crosslinked with either ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or divinyl benzene (DVB), and mixed these particles in a PMMA matrix. PS particles crosslinked with 10% EGDMA are better dispersed in a PMMA matrix, compared to PS particles, crosslinked with 10% DVB, due to the compatibilizing effect of EGDMA. For PMMA particles crosslinked with DVB, particle-matrix interactions in a PMMA matrix are smaller than in EGDMA-PMMA filled PMMA. Therefore, particles tend to agglomerate in PMMA composites filled with DVB-PMMA particles, especially in a low molecular weight matrix. We compared PMMA matrices of molecular weights 35,000 and 75,000. Higher particle-matrix interaction in the higher molecular weight matrix resulted in lower relative viscosities for DVB-PS filled systems, due to better dispersion of the particles. Composites filled with EGDMA-PS particles behave similarly to those filled with DVB-PS particles. PMMA composites filled with DVB-PMMA particles have a lower relative viscosity in the higher molecular weight PMMA matrix at low shear rates, due to better dispersion in the higher molecular weight matrix. However at high shear rates, particles are well dispersed in both PMMA matrices and, then, the relative viscosity is higher due to better bonding in the higher molecular weight matrix.
Verification of Gated Radiation Therapy: Dosimetric Impact of Residual Motion

ing of dose delivery under motion. This study has quantitatively demonstrated and analytically interpreted the impact of residual motion including penumbral broadening for both targets, perturbed but secured dose coverage on the CTV, and significant doses delivered in the neighboring normal tissues. Dose volume histogram analyses also demonstrated and interpreted the trend of dose coverage: for ITV, it increased as GW or MA decreased or CTV size increased; for IM, it increased as GW or MA decreased; for the neighboring normal tissue, opposite trend to that of IM was observed. This study has provided a clear understanding on the impact of the residual motion and proved that if breathing is reproducible gRT is secure despite discontinuous delivery and target motion. The procedures and computational model can be used for commissioning, routine quality assurance, and patient-specific validation of gRT. More work needs to be done for patient-specific dose reconstruction on CT images.
Metabolic syndrome, its preeminent clusters, incident coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality--results of prospective analysis for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Conclusions. Individuals, especially women, with the MetS have significantly higher risk of developing CHD. The riskiest combination is high-BP and glucose clustered with low HDL-c or high TG. These data highlight the importance of targeting MetS in the prevention of CHD and premature death.
Nanoindentation on a Ni Nanodot-Patterned Surface

Nanoindentation on a Ni nanodot-patterned surface (NDPS) was investigated experimentally and numerically. The Ni NDPS consists of well-ordered arrays of Ni nanodots with approximately the same size and shape. The nanoindentation experiments were performed on the Ni NDPS using diamond tips of 1 and 5 μm radii of curvature. To efficiently simulate large number of nanodots in contact, numerical simulations were carried out using formulae empirically fitted from a finite element (FE) study of a single spherical contact. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
A troponin T mutation that causes infantile restrictive cardiomyopathy increases Ca2+ sensitivity of force development and impairs the inhibitory properties of troponin.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare disorder characterized by impaired ventricular filling with decreased diastolic volume. We are reporting the functional effects of the first cardiac troponin T (CTnT) mutation linked to infantile RCM resulting from a de novo deletion mutation of glutamic acid 96. The mutation was introduced into adult and fetal isoforms of human cardiac TnT (HCTnT3-ΔE96 and HCTnT1-ΔE106, respectively) and studied with either cardiac troponin I (CTnI) or slow skeletal troponin I (SSTnI). Skinned cardiac fiber measurements showed a large leftward shift in the Ca2+ sensitivity of force development with no differences in the maximal force. HCTnT1-ΔE106 showed a significant increase in the activation of actomyosin ATPase with either CTnI or SSTnI, whereas HCTnT3-ΔE96 was only able to increase the ATPase activity with CTnI. Both mutants showed an impaired ability to inhibit the ATPase activity. The capacity of the CTnI·CTnC and SSTnI·CTnC complexes to fully relax the fibers after TnT displacement was also compromised. Experiments performed using fetal troponin isoforms showed a less severe impact compared with the adult isoforms, which is consistent with the cardioprotective role of SSTnI and the rapid onset of RCM after birth following the isoform switch. These data indicate that troponin mutations related to RCM may have specific functional phenotypes, including large leftward shifts in the Ca2+ sensitivity and impaired abilities to inhibit ATPase and to relax skinned fibers. All of this would account for and contribute to the severe diastolic dysfunction seen in RCM.
Transient sorption of sulfur dioxide in epoxy resin of aliphatic diglycidyl ether

Diffusion of sulfur dioxide in epoxy resin of aliphatic diglycidyl ether was studied performing differential sorption kinetic measurements at temperatures ranging from 1°C to 45°C and activities varying from 0.12 to 0.55. The diffusion of sulfur dioxide appears to be Fickian over the entire temperature range studied. There is a marginal increase in the diffusion coefficient with increase in concentration. The diffusion coefficients evaluated from both “small times” data and “large times” data are in reasonable agreement.
Identification of turkey biliary metabolites of ractopamine hydrochloride and the metabolism and distribution of synthetic [14C]ractopamine glucuronides in the turkey.

1. The bile duct cannulated turkey poult (n = 3) dosed orally with [14C]ractopamine HCl {(1R*,3R*),(1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy-α-[[[3-(4-hydroxy[14C]phenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-amino]methyl]-benzenemethanol hydrochloride; 19.9 mg; 9.28 μCi] excreted 37.46 12.1% (mean ± SD) of the administered radioactivity in bile by 24 h post-dosing. 2. A mono-glucuronide, conjugated at C-10 (the methylpropylamino phenol) of ractopamine, accounted for 76.6% of biliary radioactivity. 3. Urine collected from the colostomized turkey poult (n = 3) orally dosed with synthetic [14C]ractopamine-glucuronides (10.1 mg; 3.6 μCi) contained 11.96 1.0% (mean ± SD) of the administered radioactivity 24 h after dosing, indicating that some absorption of radioactivity occurred. Faeces contained 60.6% of the administered radioactivity and carcasses (with gastrointestinal tracts) contained 23.3% of the starting radioactivity. 4. Five colostomized poults were fitted with bile duct cannulas and were dosed intraduodenally with 10.2 mg (3.6 μCi) synthetic...
Twitter versus Facebook

Tweeting is the preferred method of active SNS usage for college age narcissists.No relationship between active Facebook usage and narcissism in college sample.Platform differences explain the differences in active usage on Facebook versus Twitter.Narcissistic motives mediate the relationship between narcissism and active usage. The amount of research on social networking sites (SNS) and narcissism is accumulating quickly requiring greater levels of variable specification and more fine-tuned hypothesis testing to clearly determine the relationships among key variables. The current investigation examines two of the most popular SNS, Facebook and Twitter, formulating hypotheses around the specific features of each site within college and adult samples. Unlike previous research that has focused almost exclusively on SNS usage, we focused on active usage (i.e., SNS content generation) as opposed to passive usage (i.e., SNS consumption) and included reasons for usage as a potential black box in the narcissism to SNS usage relationship. Results suggest that the features of Twitter make tweeting the preferred means of active usage among narcissists in the college sample, but not the adult sample, who prefer Facebook. In fact, we found no significant direct or indirect relationship with active usage on Facebook for the college sample, calling into question popular press articles linking Millennial narcissism with Facebook use. Additionally platform differences (i.e., microblogging versus profile-based) may explain the importance of active usage on Twitter relative to Facebook. That is, with Twitter, narcissistic motives for usage all manifest through tweeting while Facebook provides other mechanisms to achieve narcissistic motives.
SAS-Pro: Simultaneous Residue Assignment and Structure Superposition for Protein Structure Alignment

Protein structure alignment is the problem of determining an assignment between the amino-acid residues of two given proteins in a way that maximizes a measure of similarity between the two superimposed protein structures. By identifying geometric similarities, structure alignment algorithms provide critical insights into protein functional similarities. Existing structure alignment tools adopt a two-stage approach to structure alignment by decoupling and iterating between the assignment evaluation and structure superposition problems. We introduce a novel approach, SAS-Pro, which addresses the assignment evaluation and structure superposition simultaneously by formulating the alignment problem as a single bilevel optimization problem. The new formulation does not require the sequentiality constraints, thus generalizing the scope of the alignment methodology to include non-sequential protein alignments. We employ derivative-free optimization methodologies for searching for the global optimum of the highly nonlinear and non-differentiable RMSD function encountered in the proposed model. Alignments obtained with SAS-Pro have better RMSD values and larger lengths than those obtained from other alignment tools. For non-sequential alignment problems, SAS-Pro leads to alignments with high degree of similarity with known reference alignments. The source code of SAS-Pro is available for download at http://eudoxus.cheme.cmu.edu/saspro/SAS-Pro.html.
EXTENDED USES OF POLYCONIC PROJECTION TABLES

Tr _ HOUGH devised as a projection for topographic sheets, the American polyconic projection was long used, both within and without the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the agency in which it was invented, for maps drawn on smaller scales. The tables published by the Survey' facilitate such use by giving rectangular coordinates for the projection out to 30 degrees of longitude from the mid-meridian. Extension of the projection to even half that range in longitude is to be deplored; and it is to the great credit of the Survey that it has actively contributed to the obsolescence of the parts of the polyconic tables that apply to the greater distances from the mid-meridian, by fostering use of the Lambert and Albers conic projections with two standard parallels. The parts of the polyconic tables that refer to the larger departures (the term "departure" will be used here to designate longitude reckoned from the mid-meridian) retain, however, a permanent value. By providing an already computed conic development of parallels, at intervals of one degree of latitude, out to 30 degrees of departure they lend themselves to the construction of various projections of the conic class. It is the purpose of the present article to show how the tables can be used for constructing two conic projections for maps of intermediate scale, which are more useful in such maps than the polyconic projection and can be drawn with less labor than any other projection likely to be used for them. There are undoubtedly other applications of the tables that remain to be devised.
Can you relate? A study of user perceptions of thesaural subject relationships

This poster describes a pilot study investigating what, if any, associative thesaural relationships are identifiable and distinguishable to information seekers. Using associative relationships from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), we asked potential library users via Amazon Mechanical Turk to identify six narrower distinctions of established associative relationship types. Preliminary results from the survey indicate that some associative relationship types, such as near synonym and agent/process, are indeed identifiable, while others, like position in time and space, remain problematic.
INTRAMEMBRANE PARTICLE AGGREGATION IN ERYTHROCYTE GHOSTS : I. The Effects of Protein Removal

We have used freeze-etching and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the conditions under which the intramembrane particles of the human erythrocyte ghost may be aggregated. The fibrous membrane protein, spectrin, can be almost entirely removed from erythrocyte ghosts with little or no change in the distribution of the particles. However, after spectrin depletion, particle aggregation in the plane of the membrane may be induced by conditions which cause little aggregation in freshly prepared ghosts. This suggests that the spectrin molecules form a molecular meshwork which limits the translational mobility of the erythrocyte membrane particles.
Cdk inhibitors in development and cancer

Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases is the primary control point of cell proliferation. Recent advances in the understanding of cell-cycle regulation have uncovered two families of proteins that bind and inhibit these kinases. These proteins are likely mediators of development and differentiation, and may provide molecular connections between the pathways of development and tumorigenesis.
Helical Flexibility Governed by the Placement of Alanine Residues in a Series of Aib-Rich Model Peptides

It has been established that peptides composed primarily of the amino acid Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid) fold into 310-helices. Aib is structurally similar to alanine but with an additional methyl group at the α-carbon. The α,α-dialkylation creates significant steric hindrance, which is responsible for the helical preference of Aib. We are studying the effects of steric hindrance on the flexibility of Aib-rich helices. 1H NMR spectra of peptides dissolved in a deuterated solvent (CD3OD) are obtained as a function of time and temperature. Rate constants for amide proton/solvent deuteron exchange are found using a pseudo first order model. Activation energies are obtained using the Arrhenius equation. Larger activation energies suggest stronger intramolecular H-bonds and a more rigid helix. Preliminary results on an Aib octamer (known to form a regular 310-helix) show similar activation energies for all but the first two solvent-exposed amides, suggesting that the helix is fairly rigid in solution. When alanines are substituted at the fourth and fifth positions (4,5-AA), the exchange rates at Ala4 and Aib6 decrease relative to the other hydrogen-bonded amides, while that at Ala5 increases. Thus, the reduction in steric hinderance at Ala4 and Ala5 creates a local compression in the helix, opening one face of the helix and pinching the other. FTIR spectra of 4,5-AA shows a broader distribution of helical conformations than observed for the Aib octamer. Placement of the two alanines instead at positions three and six (3,6-AA) results in a narrow conformational distribution by FTIR similar to that of the Aib octamer. NMR data also suggest a more regular 310-helical conformation for 3,6-AA than for 4,5-AA. Thus the positioning of the less hindered Ala residues is a significant driving force in determining the helix flexibility.
ON ELECTRONS THAT ARE "PULLED OUT" FROM METALS.

The work(1) done by Millikan and his co-laborers, Eyring and Lauritsen, on the subject of "pulling" electrons out of metals has attracted much well-merited attention, but in the present paper I shall undertake to discuss certain aspects of this matter which I have not seen presented in print.
Stable isotopes in benthic foraminifera from ontong-java plateau, box cores ERDC 112 and 123

Abstract Detailed oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphies for two species of benthic foraminifera (Planulina wuellerstorfi; Oridorsalis umbonatus) are compared between two box cores, spanning the period of deglaciation and Holocene. Within-core stratigraphies are quite well correlated, between-core signals less so. Vertical mixing and (possibly) horizontal redeposition processes disturb the signals. Nevertheless, there is a strong suggestion of fluctuations in the ambient bottom-water conditions, fo the entire time span considered.
Characterization and modelling of helium bubbles in self-irradiated plutonium alloys

The self-irradiation damage generated by alpha decay of Pu results in the formation of lattice defects and helium and uranium atoms. Over time, microstructural evolution as a result of the self-irradiation may influence the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Transmission electron microscopy investigations of Pu–Ga alloys ranging in age up to 42 years old, reveal the presence of nanometre-sized helium bubbles. The number density of bubbles and the average size have been determined for eight different age materials. The nucleation and growth of these bubbles have been modelled with rate equations.
Unit root tests on real wage panel data for the G7

Abstract Using a unit root test for panel data, we find that real wage innovations in most G7 economies are temporary, rapidly mean reverting, and have no permanent component. Results are sensitive to an identical cross-equation restriction on all series.
Spatial convolution and the generation of clusters and generalized Cantor bars

Abstract Us is made of convolution techniques, commonly used in spectral analysis, to generate self-affine clusters reminiscent of the Cantor dust, as well as to generalize the Cantor bars.
A pragmatic solution to Ostertag’s puzzle

Gary Ostertag (Philos Stud 146:249–267, 2009) has presented a new puzzle for Russellianism about belief reports. He argues that Russellians do not have the resources to solve this puzzle in terms of pragmatic phenomena. I argue to the contrary that the puzzle can be solved according to Nathan Salmon’s (Frege’s puzzle, 1986) pragmatic account of belief reports, provided that the account is properly understood. Specifically, the puzzle can be solved so long as Salmon’s guises are not identified with sentences.
Experiences using tablet PCs in a programming laboratory

This experience report describes lessons learned using first generation tablet PCs to support active learning in an undergraduate computer science laboratory course. We learned that tablet PCs are poorly matched to typical CS laboratory tasks: writing, compiling, and testing programs. Pen-based input is inadequate for typical program editing tasks, and a pen is less effective than a mouse when typing at a keyboard. Students show a clear preference for desktop computers in this environment. Nearly three quarters of our students preferred a lab supporting wireless connectivity, however. Students also believe that the use of movable, reconfigurable furniture allows them to work in arrangements that are more natural during lab. Overall, students preferred the flexibility provided by wireless network access, freedom from cables, and movable furniture, but felt tablets were ineffective for programming tasks.
Overtraining, extinction, and reversal learning by kittens

Two groups of kittens received 0 or 112 overtraining trials after learning a brightness discrimination. Both groups underwent extinction of differential choice responses and then learned the reversed brightness discrimination. The overtrained and nonovertrained animals did not differ significantly in rate of reversal learning, and both groups showed a significant preference for the old positive stimulus when differential reinforcement was reinstated in reversal training. According to Sutherland and Mackintosh, these results show that kittens lack stable attention and should be inept in dealing with reversal and probability problems. This is not the case, raising doubts about the adequacy of their account of interspecies differences in learning by vertebrates.
The separation of powers in Ukraine

Abstract This paper examines the passage of a new constitution in Ukraine in order to determine which factors contribute to the establishment of a stable separation of powers system at the national level. We focus on three types of factors: legacies of the past; the structure of institutions at key time periods; and the nature of dynamics between political groups. We find that while all of these factors play some role in the evolving institutional arrangements in Ukraine, negative legacies of the past can be overcome by the decisions of new political groups and the creation of new institutional arrangements.
Prediction of short- and long-term outcomes by electrocardiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Background: Programs focusing on early defibrillation have improved both short- and long-term survival of patients with VF out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Subsequent long-term management of survivors would be facilitated by a straight-forward, non-invasive method of identifying those at highest risk for recurrence. Therefore, we assessed the predictive value of the standard ECG to determine both short- and long-term outcomes in survivors of VF OHCA to assist in risk stratification of those patients at highest risk of sudden death. Methods: All patients with an OHCA between November 1990 and December 2000 who received early defibrillation for VF in Olmsted County Minnesota (MN) were included. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine ECG variables and subsequent ICD deployment and death. Results: Two hundred patients presented in VF OHCA; of these 138 (69%) survived to hospital admission (seven died in the emergency department prior to admission) and 79 (40%) were discharged. The QRS duration (141 ± 41 ms in nonsurvivors, 123 ± 35 in survivors, P = 0.004) was predictive of short-term mortality in patients who did not survive to hospital discharge. The ventricular rate, PR interval, presence of right or left bundle branch block, QTc, ST elevation myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation/flutter were nonpredictive. The average length of follow up for hospital dismissal survivors was 4.8 ± 3.0 years. In univariate analysis, each 30 ms interval increase in the QRS width and PR interval was associated with increased mortality and ICD deployment hazard ratio of 1.6 (CI 1.1–2.5, P = 0.02) and 1.12 (CI 1.0–1.2, P = 0.05), respectively. In multivariate analysis accounting for admission ejection fraction, a PR > 200 ms [HR 4.5 (CI 1.7–11.8, P = 0.022)], QRS width increase greater than 30 ms [HR 1.9 (CI 1.3–2.8, P 120 ms [HR 2.4 (CI 1.1–5.4, P = 0.032)] were predictive of long-term mortality and ICD shocks. Conclusion: Careful evaluation of the admitting and discharge ECG provides prognostic information for in-hospital and long-term outcomes, respectively in this cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. The QRS duration on the dismissal ECG following VF OHCA provides prognostic information which might be useful to identify those at highest risk long-term, and who would benefit from more aggressive antiarrhythmic therapy and cardiac stabilization.
Numerical and experimental analysis of the static behavior of highly deformed risers

Abstract This paper models a slender, flexible structure used as a drill string or riser in the offshore oil and gas industry that connects the well-head with a floating control vessel. These systems are used in deep-water drilling applications and present considerable design challenges due to their extreme flexibility and susceptibility to buckling and vibration. Two typical configurations are used ( Bai and Bai, 2005 ), with a common feature involving the attachment of a buoy designed to relieve some of the axial forces acting on the riser, especially at the attachment points. Previous work by the authors studied numerical results of small-amplitude vibrations and two other equilibrium configurations using parameter values that closely resemble the full-scale application ( Santillan et al., 2008 ). Here, two new configurations are considered, and experiments are designed and conducted to verify these equilibrium results.
Percutaneous absorption and elimination of an aromatic hair dye

The absorption, excretion, and metabolic fate of a water-soluble, small molecular weight dye (HC Blue No. 1, a nitrophenyl- enediamine derivative) was studied. Percutaneous absorption in rats and rabbits was demonstrated. The dye was excreted in both the urine and the bile. Chromatographic studies of urine and bile demonstrated identity with the original dye, suggesting that no metabolic alteration of the dye occurred during in vivo transit.
Mapping of Amino Acid Residues in the p34 Subunit of Human Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein Phosphorylated by DNA-dependent Protein Kinase and Cdc2 Kinase in Vitro*

Human single-stranded DNA-binding protein (HSSB, also called RPA), is a heterotrimeric complex that consists of three subunits, p70, p34, and p11. HSSB is essential for the in vitro replication of SV40 DNA and nucleotide excision repair. It also has important functions in other DNA transactions, including DNA recombination, transcription, and double-stranded DNA break repair. The p34 subunit of HSSB is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Both Cdc2 kinase and the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylate HSSB-p34 in vitro. In this study, we show that efficient phosphorylation of HSSB-p34 by DNA-PK requires Ku as well as DNA. The DNA-PK phosphorylation sites in HSSB-p34 have been mapped at Thr-21 and Ser-33. Kinetic studies demonstrated that a phosphate residue is first incorporated at Thr-21 followed by the incorporation of a second phosphate residue at Ser-33. We also identified Ser-29 as the major Cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site in the p34 subunit.
HPV Subtype Analysis in Lower Genital Tract Neoplasms of Female Renal Transplant Recipients

Abstract Objective. Immunocompromised patients, such as female renal transplant recipients, have an increased incidence of neoplasms involving the lower genital tract (i.e., cervix, vagina, vulva). The relationship between lower genital tract neoplasms and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been established and high-risk oncogenic subtypes have been identified (HPV 16, 18, 45, and 56). The purpose of this study is to evaluate HPV subtypes present in lower genital tract neoplasms of post renal transplant women and compare HPV subtypes found in these patients with immunocompetent patients having similar neoplasms and normal immunocompetent controls. Methods. Twenty specimens from lower genital tract neoplasms of 16 renal transplant patients, 13 specimens from 13 immunocompetent patients with similar histology, and 13 patients with normal lower genital tract histology were analyzed for the presence of HPV using polymerase chain reaction. HPV primers including the L1 (late) region consensus primers and primers specific for the HPV E6 (early) region for subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 were amplified with DNA from the above patient samples. Results. Overall, HPV was detected in 21/46 specimens tested. Thirteen of the HPV-positive specimens were from transplant patients, and 8 were from immunocompetent patients (5 immunocompetent with disease and 3 normal patients). This difference in the total number of HPV-positive cases was statistically significant between the transplant and immunocompetent group ( P = 0.02). Although no difference in HPV 6 and/or 11 was detected between the two groups, HPV subtypes 16 and/or 18 approached statistical significant difference ( P = 0.06). Conclusions. High-risk oncogenic HPV subtypes 16 and/or 18 were found at a higher rate in transplant patients compared with their immunocompetent counterparts. The combination of immunocompromise and increased HPV 16 and/or 18 positivity may place these patients at increased risk for aggressive lower genital tract neoplastic progression.
Predictors of hazing motivation in a representative sample of the United States

Abstract Hazing – the abuse of new or prospective group members – remains a puzzling and persistent cross-cultural phenomenon. Aspects of hazing behavior may reflect the operation of psychological adaptations designed to lessen certain forms of ancestral coalitional exploitation. Using a representative sample of the United States, this paper replicates and extends prior findings on predictors of hazing motivation in a university population. Results suggest that probable vectors of ancestral exploitation by newcomers (e.g., freely available group benefits) predict desired hazing severity, and that these effects generalize to a larger and more diverse sample. Findings are discussed in light of hazing's evident complexity and cultural patterning.
Identified hadron production at SLD and BABAR

We present measurements of identified hadron spectra in e{sup +}e{sup -} hadrons from the BABAR and SLD experiments at respective c.m. energies of 10.54 GeV and 91.2 GeV. The scaling violations between the two energies are found to be large and described by hadronization models for charged pions, but not for heavier hadrons. SLD measurements show large differences between b{bar b}, c{bar c} and light-flavor events that are qualitatively consistent with expectations. The light flavor events are somewhat more consistent with the predictions of MLLA QCD than are events of all flavors, but a discrepancy in the mass dependence remains. SLD have made several new and/or improved measurements of light leading particle production, paving the way for future tagging of u, d and s jets. They have also made a unique study of signed rapidity correlations, showing direct evidence for charge ordering of protons along the quark-antiquark axis.
Increased Connectivity at Lower Cost: The Case for Multi-Radio Nodes in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

We address multi-radio networks, i.e., wireless networks where the nodes are equipped with multiple air interfaces. We analyze, both analytically and via simulation, various gains that the multi-radio environment can provide. First we investigate the gain in network connectivity by modeling the topology of a multi-radio network by a multigraph. The gain is captured by introducing the novel graph theoretic concept of the multigraph advantage. It is the surplus of connectivity over the sum of the individual connectivities, as we put together several graphs to form a multigraph sum. We first prove that in the traditional random graph model it results in a strict super-additive behavior. We validate the theoretical results via simulations and show that similar phenomena occur in geometric random graph models. We then investigate, via ns2-based simulations, the nodal energy consumption as well as the end-to-end packet latency needed to route packets in a multi-radio network.
Carbon–hydrogen stretching and bending vibrations in the Raman spectra of poly (methylmethacrylate)

The Raman spectra of three deuferated poly(methylmethacrylate) derivatives, —(CH2C(CD3)COOCD3)n, —(CD2C(CH3)COOCD3)n and —(CD2C(CD3)COOCH3)n, are measured and the assignment of the CH stretching and bending vibrations of the methylene, α-methyl and ester methyl groups of PMMA is made.
Modelling impacts of climate change on snowmelt runoff generation and streamflow across western US mountain basins: a review of techniques and applications for water resource management

The western US region is heavily reliant on spring snowmelt for much of its annual water supply. However, rising temperatures across the region over the latter half of the twentieth century have reduced snowpack accumulation, snowmelt timing and magnitude, especially at lower elevations. Water resource planners must be prepared to understand and counter the possible consequences resulting from a continuation in rising air temperatures on snowmelt and streamflow into the twenty-first century. This review aims to thoroughly analyse what tools and techniques are available to monitor and plan for such changes. A historical analysis of snowmelt trends in response to increasing air temperatures is followed by a review of methods used to forecast the effects of future changes in air temperature on snowmelt processes along with both general approaches to snowmelt modelling and different snowmelt models themselves. The techniques and methods to be ultimately employed will depend greatly upon data availability and ...
AMBASSADOR: Asteroid sample return mission to 7 Iris

Abstract The primary goal of the AMBASSADOR (A Main Belt Asteroid Seismic study and Sample Acquisition to Determine meteorite ORigins) mission to S-class asteroid 7 Iris to determine the relationship between asteroids of this class and meteorites. This goal will be accomplished through collection of surface samples to be returned to Earth and acquisition of high-resolution visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral images of the asteroid's surface. AMBASSADOR will also constrain the internal structure of Iris by deploying a seismic network on the asteroid and conducting an active seismic experiment. The importance of such a mission is emphasized by its inclusion as an element of the “Building Blocks and Our Chemical Origins” Campaign of the NASA Roadmap, although currently no missions comparable to AMBASSADOR exist. AMBASSADOR is a two-component spacecraft comprising an orbiter and a lander that will travel together to Iris. The orbiter will carry a visible and NIR spectral camera which will perform global mapping of the asteroid at resolutions of ~28 m/pixel and -112 m/pixel, respectively. High-resolution imaging of several sites of interest, including potential landing sites, will be conducted at resolutions of ~1.4 m/pixel in the visible and ~5.4 m/pixel in the NIR. The orbiter will also deploy four penetrators each of which will include a seismometer and a transmitter and will be accompanied by an explosive charge. After selection of a landing site, the lander will separate and descend to the asteroid where it will perform imaging experiments and collect samples. Material will be collected by two different mechanisms: a chipping device able to collect regolith and coring devices able to collect samples from a solid surface. The lander will carry a camera similar to that on the orbiter to image the surface at sub-millimeter resolution before and after sample collection. Following surface operations, the lander will launch from the asteroid and redock with the orbiter for return to Earth. The major new technologies necessary for AMBASSADOR are in the subsystems propulsion, power, and attitude determination and control (ADC). Solar electric propulsion (SEP) makes the AMBASSADOR mission possible; when compared to strictly chemical propulsion, SEP reduces the mission duration from 17 years to five years and also increases the fraction of the launch mass that can be returned to Earth. The power requirements of SEP engines are quite high; thus, power will be provided by next generation copper-indium-selenium, thin film, amorphous mylar solar arrays. To enable autonomous landing, the ADC subsystem on the lander will include a stereo imager and a laser range-finder. For autonomous rendezvous and re-docking, both the lander and the orbiter will be equipped with formation flying sensors and the lander will be equipped with a docking camera while the orbiter will carry a target.
Effect of β-Lactamase Location in Escherichia coli on Penicillin Synergy

Resistance to ampicillin in Escherichia coli is due generally to the presence of a β-lactamase (penicillinase). Resistant strains have been found to fall into two groups: those with high-level resistance (1,000 μg/ml or greater) and those with low-level resistance (8 to 250 μg/ml). Most of the high-level resistant organisms posses β-lactamases whose synthesis is episomally mediated. These strains release penicillinase from the cell when they are subjected to osmotic shock. Low-level resistant strains do not release the enzyme with osmotic shock. High-level resistant strains are not susceptible to the synergistic action of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin with ampicillin. Seventy eight per cent of low-level resistant strains are susceptible to the synergistic action of ampicillin and oxacillin. The two types of β-lactamases are similar in regard to most properties; both enzymes are subject to competitive inhibition by penicillinase-resistant penicillins. The difference in location in the cell might explain why only some strains of E. coli are susceptible to the synergistic action of penicillin combinations.
Palliative care in the outpatient oncology setting: evaluation of a practical set of referral criteria.

The authors evaluated the feasibility of screening for palliative care needs in outpatients attending one GI oncology practice specializing in colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.
Spontaneous Infiltration of Alumina by Copper-Oxygen Alloys

Infiltration of alumina powder compacts by molten copper-oxygen alloys under controlled oxygen partial pressures has been studied. Spontaneous infiltration occurred for copper alloys containing more than approximately 5 at.% oxygen. Despite supersaturation of the copper with oxygen, no Cu2O or interfacial reaction layers of CuAlO2 were resolved by TEM, suggesting the critical wettability for infiltration is not determined by interfacial chemical reaction. CuAlO2 did form, but as discrete inclusions up to 0.5 mm in diameter. Infiltration and microstructure development are discussed in terms of the observed wetting behavior and available data on interfacial oxygen adsorption.
Analysis of a Novel Optical Fiber Interferometer with Common Mode Compensation

Much of the success of optical fiber interferometric sensors stems from the ease with which very long path length devices can be fabricated. High measurand sensitivities are acheived through the length dependence of the propagation phase shifts U=2πne(L/λo), where ne is the mode effective index and λo, the vacuum wavelength.
Hierarchical sequence compaction for power estimation

This paper presents an effective technique forcompacting a large sequence of input vectors into a muchsmaller one such that when the two sequences are applied toany circuit, the resulting power dissipations are nearly thesame. Specifically, this paper introduces the hierarchicalmodeling of Markov chains as a flexible framework forcapturing not only complex spatiotemporal correlations, butalso dynamic changes in the characteristics of the inputsequence. The new framework has a high degree ofadaptability, i.e. the hierarchical model is dynamically grownaccording to the sequence behavior. Experimental resultsdemonstrate that large compaction ratios can be obtainedwithout a significant loss in accuracy (less than 5% on average)of power estimates.
Vitamin E and Neonatal Hemolysis

A study was designed to determine if the presence of vitamin E deficiency during the first week of life played a contributory role in the shortened red cell life span observed in the premature infant. Carboxyhemoglobin values were used as an index of hemolysis. Ten infants received vitamin E administered intramuscularly in a total dose of 125 mg/kg during days 3 to 7 of life; ten infants served as controls. The mean percent carboxyhemoglobin level fell significantly from day 3 to day 8 in the treated group (1.08% to 0.78%) whereas the mean value remained unchanged at 0.96% in the control group. The administration of vitamin E appears to reduce but not eliminate the accelerated red cell destruction that characterizes the preterm infant.
A constrained genetic approach for computing material property of elastic objects

This paper presents a constrained genetic approach for reconstructing the material properties of elastic objects. The considered reconstruction problem is ill-posed and must be constrained properly so that a unique and stable numerical solution can be obtained. Qualitative prior information is incorporated using a rank-based scheme to constrain the admissible solutions. Experiments show that the proposed approach is robust when presented with noisy data and can reconstruct the elastic property accurately and reliably. In a comparison study with the deterministic Gauss-Newton methods, the constrained genetic approach also shows very consistent performance.
Ubiquitylation and the Fanconi anemia pathway

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway maintains genome stability through co-ordination of DNA repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Disruption of the FA pathway yields hypersensitivity to interstrand crosslinking agents, bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Early steps in DNA damage dependent activation of the pathway are governed by monoubiquitylation of FANCD2 and FANCI by the intrinsic FA E3 ubiquitin ligase, FANCL. Downstream FA pathway components and associated factors such as FAN1 and SLX4 exhibit ubiquitin-binding motifs that are important for their DNA repair function, underscoring the importance of ubiquitylation in FA pathway mediated repair. Importantly, ubiquitylation provides the foundations for cross-talk between repair pathways, which in concert with the FA pathway, resolve interstrand crosslink damage and maintain genomic stability.
Quantifying the effect of gape and morphology on bite force: biomechanical modelling and in vivo measurements in bats

Summary Maximum bite force is an important metric of feeding performance that defines the dietary ecology of many vertebrates. In mammals, theoretical analyses and empirical studies suggest a trade-off between maximum bite force and gape at behavioural and evolutionary scales; in vivo bite force is expected to decrease at wide gapes, and cranial morphologies that enable high mechanical advantage are thought to have a lower ability to generate high bite forces at wide gapes, and vice versa. However, very few studies have confirmed these relationships in free-ranging mammals. This study uses an ecologically diverse sample of bats to document the variation in bite force with respect to gape angle, and applies three-dimensional models of the feeding apparatus to identify the major morphological and biomechanical predictors of the gape-bite force relationship. In vivo and model data corroborated that bite force decreases significantly at wide gapes across species, but there is substantial intraspecific variation in the data obtained from live bats. Results from biomechanical models, analysed within a phylogenetic framework, revealed that species with larger temporalis muscles, higher temporalis stretch factors and high mechanical advantages experience a steeper reduction in bite force with increasing gape. These trends are illustrated by short-faced durophagous frugivores. The results from this study suggest that gape-mediated changes in bite force can be explained both by behavioural effects and cranial morphology, and that these links are relevant for functional analyses of mammal dietary ecology.