cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LONG TERM ORGAN CULTURE OF HUMAN PROSTATE TISSUE IN A NASA-DESIGNED ROTATING WALL BIOREACTOR

AbstractPurpose: To maintain ex vivo integral prostatic tissue including intact stromal and ductal elements using the NASA-designed Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) which maintains colocalized cells in an environment that promotes both three-dimensional cellular interactions together with the uniform mass transfer of nutrients and metabolic wastes.Materials and Methods: Samples of normal prostate were obtained as a byproduct of transurethral prostatectomy or needle biopsy. Prostatic tissue dissected into small 1 × 1 mm. blocks was cultured in the Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) Bioreactor for various time periods and analyzed using histological, immunochemical, and total cell RNA assays.Results: We report the long term maintenance of benign explanted human prostate tissue grown in simple culture medium, under the simulated microgravity conditions afforded by the RWV bioreactor. Mesenchymal stromal elements including blood vessels and architecturally preserved tubuloglandular acini were maintained for a minimum of 28...
Participants' reflections two and three years after an introductory chemistry course-embedded research experience

The Center for Authentic Science Practice in Education (CASPiE) is a course-embedded undergraduate research curriculum that aims to introduce authentic research experiences for students in their early college years. A cohort of students who were randomly assigned to the CASPiE laboratory sections was tracked during and two and three years after course enrollment. Students from the traditional laboratory sections were also tracked for control purposes. This paper presents students' perceptions of the laboratory course at the time of enrollment, based on their answers to an online survey, and a comparison to students' later responses to semi-structured oral interviews about their course involvement. We found that students' views of the curricula persisted over the years. CASPiE students thought the curriculum allowed them to learn how to do research and in turn gained confidence to do such work. In contrast, students from the traditional sections thought they did not learn the practice of research in their course. These and related comparisons are presented with evidence from survey results and interview vignettes. The implications of the CASPiE curriculum implementation and its effects over the long term are discussed.
Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in warthin's tumor

Cell suspensions from six Warthin's tumors (WTs) were characterized with fluorescence-labeled cell cytometry. WT lymphocyte subsets were identified with monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte-associated cell antigens including T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Results showed that T cell proportions were 58% and B cell proportions were 39%. The T cell helper:cytotoxic-suppressor ratio was 5.7:1 and the B to T cell ratio was 0.8:1. NK cells represented 1.3% of cells. When compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in the same patients, statistically significant differences were noted between PBLs and WT lymphocytes in the percentage of B lymphocytes (P < .01), T cytotoxic-suppressor lymphocytes (P < .02), NK cells (P < .01), and in the ratios of B to T lymphocytes (P < .01) and T helper to T cytotoxic-suppressor lymphocytes (P < .03). Comparing these data to retrospective data on lymphocyte distribution in normal and reactive lymph nodes, the epithelial component does not appear to exert a local effect on the lymphoid component of WT.
Improved Deproteciton Procedure for DPSE Protected Phosphorothioates

Abstract Deprotection of 2-(diphenylmethylsilyl)ethyl (DPSE) protected (O,O,O)-and (O,O,S)-trialkyl phosphorothioates with tetrabutylammonium fluoride affords the corresponding phosphorothioate. Formation of phosphodiester linkages is not observed.
Mechanics of Microtubule Buckling Supported by Cytoplasm

The cytoskeleton provides the mechanical scaffold and maintains the integrity of cells. It is usually believed that one type of cytoskeleton biopolymer, microtubules, bears compressive force. In vitro experiments found that isolated microtubules may form an Euler buckling pattern with a long-wavelength for very small compressive force. This, however, does not agree with in vivo experiments where microtubules buckle with a short-wavelength. In order to understand the structural role of microtubules in vivo, we developed mechanics models that study microtubule buckling supported by cytoplasm. The microtubule is modeled as a linearly elastic cylindrical tube while the cytoplasm is characterized by different types of materials, namely, viscous, elastic, or viscoelastic. The dynamic evolution equations, the fastest growth rate, the critical wavelength, and compressive force, as well as equilibrium buckling configurations are obtained. The ability for a cell to sustain compressive force does not solely rely on microtubules but is also supported by the elasticity of cytoplasm. With the support of the cytoplasm, an individual microtubule can sustain a compressive force on the order of 100 pN. The relatively stiff microtubules and compliant cytoplasm are combined to provide a scaffold for compressive force.
Dynamics of food policy formulation in the USA

Abstract Examination of the dynamics of food policy formulation in the USA reveals a series of intriguing contrasts. As an example of pluralist decision making, it is unequalled in the sheer number and variety of actors and interests which it encompasses. This article analyses four principal generic elements of the food policy process: its ideological underpinnings; its policy settings; its substantive components; and, its foreign-domestic linkages. The profound changes which have occurred in the Washington political climate are also considered in terms of their implications for food-related policies in both the domestic and international arenas.
Conductivity in iron oxides

Abstract The conductivity and thermal e.m.f. of wustite and magnetite have been measured as a function of the ratio O/Fe at T ⩾ 1000° C . The conductivity, which shows only a very small temperature dependence, changes slightly on crossing the wustite-to-magnetite phase boundary but decreases rapidly in both phases as the composition approaches stoichiometric FeO and Fe 2 O 3 , respectively. The thermal e.m.f. is p -type in wustite of low oxygen content, changes to n -type at high oxygen content and stays n -type in magnetite. The conductivity behavior of wustite measured between room temperature and −170°C is similar to that of magnetite. The results fit an electron-transfer model. Such a model predicts a conductivity proportional to the concentration of divalent iron times that of trivalent iron, as shown by the isotherms at T ⩾ 1000°C. The electron-transfer model also explains the similarity in temperature behavior of wustite and magnetite. A band model, on the other hand, needs a number of rather arbitrary assumptions to explain the high-temperature isotherms and cannot account for the low-temperature results. Some measurements on hematite show that this phase is very narrow and that electron transfer between iron ions of different valency plays only a minor role.
Preliminary cost estimates for commercial fermentation of straw as animal feed

A preliminary cost estimate was made for two fermentation processes that increase the feed value of grass straw. In one method, straw hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid is fermented by yeast. In the second method, the straw is treated with alkali, then inoculated with cellulolytic bacteria. Both processes increase the digestibility, protein content, and fat content of straw. Production costs estimated for plants processing 100 tons of straw/day by the two methods, were 80 to 88 dollars/ton. Capital costs were estimated at 5.2 million dollars for the acidhydrolysis yeast-fermentation process and at 3.1 million dollars for the alkalicellulolytic bacteria process. Labor, capital, and energy were significant cost factors for both processes. Caustic costs were important in the alkaline-treatment cellulolytic bacteria process.
Scalings in Circle Maps (I)

Letf be a “flat spot” circle map with irrational rotation number. Located at the edges of the flat spot are non-flat critical points (S: x→Axv,v≧1). First, we define scalings associated with the closest returns of the orbit of the critical point. Under the assumption that these scalings go to zero, we prove that the derivative of long iterates of the critical value can be expressed in the scalings. The asymptotic behavior of the derivatives and the scalings can then be calculated. We concentrate on the cases for which one can prove the above assumption. In particular, let one of the singularities be linear. These maps arise for example as the lower bound of the non-decreasing truncations of non-invertible bimodal circle maps. It follows that the derivatives grow at a sub-exponential rate.
Chloro complexes of gold in dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract The chloro complexes of gold(I) in dimethyl sulfoxide have been investigated electrochemically. Potentiometric studies yielded the following values for KAuCl and KAuCl2−: 1010.9 and 105.7. Conventional and cyclic voltammetric experiments with AuCl4− are also reported.
Concentration of enteric adenovirus 40 from tap, sea and waste water

Abstract The enteric adenovirus types 40 (Ead 40) and 41 (Ead 41) are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children. Since their occurrence in the aquatic environment is unknown, their role as waterborne pathogens has not been determined. This study evaluated the ability of electronegative microporous filters to recover Ead 40 from tap water, secondary treated sewage, and artificial and natural sea waters, and the ability of electropositive microporous filters to recover Ead 40 from tap water. The efficiency of organic flocculation and PEG precipitation to reconcentrate Ead 40 from beef extract eluents was also assessed. Viral assays were conducted by the TCID 50 method in PLC/PRF/5 cells. With electronegative filters, recovery efficiencies of 36, 38, and 22% were obtained from 113-1. volumes of tap, sea water, and secondary sewage, respectively, using electropositive filters Ead 40 was recovered from tap water, with an efficiency of 26.5%. No significant difference was observed, by paired t -test analysis, when comparing the concentration efficiencies between organic flocculation (38.6%), and PEG precipitation (40%). These results show that Ead 40 can be concentrated from water samples, with efficiencies comparable to other enteric viruses.
An Analysis of High Temperature Metal Creep—Part I: Experimental Definition of an Alloy

The general objective of the research reported is to develop a constitutive theory for the elevated temperature behavior of Wrought Udiment 700. A major part of this work was to establish a data base for this material and evaluate the observed response using many of the modern approaches to constitutive modeling. The phenomenological description of the material was evaluated by a series of load rate, strain rate, and creep tests. These data clearly showed the existence of a finite primary creep rate response function similar to the minimum creep rate function. Also the concept of material stress rate coordinate is introduced to describe the change from the primary to the minimum creep rate.
A COMPARISON OF SERUM ENZYMES IN VENOUS AND ARTERIAL CORD BLOOD AT BIRTH

Serum enzymes in the human fetus may originate from mother, placenta or the fetus. We studied paired samples of umbilical cord artery (A) and venous (V) serum enzyme activities, namely, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase and alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P). The study group consisted of a total of 30 infants with a birth weight (mean±SD) of 3040±501 gm, and gestational age of 38.6±2.4 wks. The following is a comparison between venous and arterial serum levels of the remaining enzymes:
Ambient Large-Scale Template-Mediated Synthesis of High-Aspect Ratio Single-Crystalline, Chemically Doped Rare-Earth Phosphate Nanowires for Bioimaging

A simple and effective template-mediated protocol has been developed for the large-scale, room-temperature preparation of high-aspect-ratio, single-crystalline Tb-doped CePO(4) nanowires, measuring approximately 12 nm in diameter and over 10 mum in length. Moreover, we also isolated sheaf-like bundles of nanostructures. The synthesis mechanism likely involved a crystal splitting step. The resulting nanowires demonstrated an intense redox-sensitive green photoluminescence, which was exploited, in addition to their inherently high biocompatibility and low toxicity, for potential applications in biological imaging and labeling of cells.
Brief intermittent access to sucrose differentially modulates prepulse inhibition and acoustic startle response in obese CCK-1 receptor deficient rats

Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lack the CCK-1 receptor and are hyperphagic and obese. CCK-1 receptors play a role in prepulse inhibition (PPI) by modulating mesolimbic dopamine transmission, a modulator of sensorimotor gating. Therefore, the present study assessed the effects of brief, daily sucrose access on PPI and acoustic startle response (ASR) in OLETF rat and age-matched non-mutant Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. The results revealed that OLETF rats with sucrose access showed an increased ASR [F(1,16) = 6.84; P < 0.01)], relative to sucrose receiving LETO rats. No significant sucrose effect (P = 0.283) on PPI was noted in OLETF rats, whereas sucrose receiving LETO rats had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) PPI percentage than non-sucrose controls. In contrast, sucrose-receiving OLETF rats expressed significantly higher PPI percentage than LETO rats with identical sucrose presentation (P < 0.01). Taken together, these results suggest that sucrose access alters PPI and ASR in general, and the CCK-1 receptors play a modulatory role in facilitating or inhibiting these responses, respectively. A similar effect may be contributory to the hyperphagic behavioral phenotype of obese animal models with altered central dopamine regulation.
Mn solubility tested in seawater

It has been known for the past 2 or 3 years that the concentration of manganese in the upper several hundred meters of ocean water is unlike that of other trace metals such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel. Trace metals are needed as a sort of ‘vitamin supplement’ by marine plants and animals; the surface supply is biologically scavenged and regenerated at depth. Thus ocean concentrations of trace metals increase with depth. Manganese, by contrast, appears to be concentrated in the photic zone and becomes relatively depleted in the depth interval 50–100 m from the surface. W. Landing and K. Bruland (Ear. Planet. Sci. Lett. 49, 45–56, 1980) described their observations of vertical distributions of manganese in a study of samples from the north Pacific. Recently, W. Sunda, S. A. Huntsman, and A. Harvey, in a study supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have found similar behavior of manganese in samples of coastal seawater and offshore seawater collected off North Carolina (Nature, 20, January 1983). They suggest on the basis of experiments conducted with these samples that the marine biological community itself serves to condition the surface seawater and, with the assistance of photoreduction, cause manganese to dissolve in the otherwise oxygenated zones.
Galois theory of Moore-Carlitz-Drinfeld modules

In 1896, E. H. Moore showed that the Galois group of the generic vectorial (= additive) q-polynomial of q-degree m is GL(m,q), where m > 0 is any integer and q > 1 is any power of any prime p. We show that, for any integer n > 0, the Galois group of the n-th iterate of the said polynomial is the generalized general linear group GL(m, q, n) consisting of all m by m matrices with invertible determinant over the local ring GF(q)[T]/Tn. For m=1, this was proved by Carlitz in 1938 as part of his explicit class field theory over finite fields. The case of m=1 was further enhanced by Drinfeld in 1974.
Being of Value

AbstractThe discussion of public value is in the air among museums and other cultural institutions as they strive to achieve strategic impact for and with their communities, rather than merely operational impact for themselves. At the most basic level, it is about ensuring that their work is fully and meaningfully connected to the fabric and true needs of the communities in which they reside. Though not an entirely new idea, interest in achieving and documenting public value has come into sharper focus because of two different, though clearly interrelated issues: (1) After a time of excess, there is a desire to refocus and return to the core values and mission that these institutions were created to uphold, and (2) as economic issues plague communities globally, nonprofits are appropriately being asked to concretely demonstrate their public value to ensure funding and sustainability over time. This paper explores the issue of public value: defining it, describing frameworks for planning and documenting it...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a neurotransmitter in the auditory pathway of oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau

Binaural computations involving the convergence of excitatory and inhibitory inputs have been proposed to explain directional sharpening and frequency tuning documented in the brainstem of a teleost fish, the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau). To assess the presence of inhibitory neurons in the ascending auditory circuit, we used a monoclonal antibody to GABA to evaluate immunoreactivity at three levels of the circuit: the first order descending octaval nucleus (DON), the secondary octaval population (dorsal division), and the midbrain torus semicircularis. We observed a subset of immunoreactive (IR) cells and puncta distributed throughout the neuropil at all three locations. To assess whether contralateral inhibition is present, fluorescent dextran crystals were inserted into dorsal DON to fill contralateral, commissural inputs retrogradely prior to GABA immunohistochemistry. GABA-IR somata and puncta co-occurred with retrogradely filled, GABA-negative auditory projection cells. GABA-IR projection cells were more common in the dorsolateral DON than in the dorsomedial DON, but GABA-IR puncta were common in both dorsolateral and dorsomedial divisions. Our findings demonstrate that GABA is present in the ascending auditory circuit in the brainstem of the toadfish, indicating that GABA-mediated inhibition participates in shaping auditory response characteristics in a teleost fish as in other vertebrates.
The Return of Virtue to Ethical Medical Decision Making.

For the past several decades, ethical deliberation in medicine has been dominated by “principlism,” an ethical method that relies on a set of principles or rules that are variable and applied inconsistently. This approach overlooks the moral agent, separates the ethical decisions from the moral sensibilities that shaped them, isolating the decisions from the moral actor. Ethics, being a human endeavor, cannot ignore the moral agent. I propose a practical approach to the ethical dilemma that combines virtue with principles.
Female Attraction To Male Song in House Wrens (Troglodytes Aedon)

This study tested the hypothesis that the song of male birds can function to attract mates. At 11 different locations on our Wyoming study area, we broadcast the song of male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) from a loudspeaker mounted next to an empty nest box in an unoccupied wren territory. The number of female wrens attracted to the 'speaker box' was compared to the number visiting a silent, control box on another, unoccupied territory nearby. Females visited speaker boxes at a significantly higher rate than they visited control boxes. Ten females visited speaker boxes in six different trials during periods when no male was associated with either the speaker or control box (total time = 45.5 h; visit rate = 0.22/h). In contrast, only one female visited a control box during these same periods (= 0.02 visits/h), and she did so after first visiting the speaker box. Two females visited the speaker box simultaneously in some trials and chasing or fighting always ensued. Many females showed signs of settling permanently at speaker boxes, remaining at speaker boxes from their arrival to the end of the trial (> 5 h in two cases), and most began constructing nests in boxes, despite the absence of a male. In summary, this study provides strong experimental evidence that the song of male house wrens can function to attract mates for breeding.
Myocardial capillarity in acclimation to hypoxia.

Capillarity, O2 diffusion distances and fiber crosssectional growth were measured in the hearts of guinea pigs exposed early during growth to hypobaric hypoxia (PB=430 torr,PO2=90 torr). Twelve 5-week old males were maintained in a hypobaric chamber for 4–14 weeks. Their hearts were perfusion-fixed via the aorta with a 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde buffered solution; blocks were cut from left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated and embedded in Spurr medium. Blocks were cut transversely to fiber orientation, 0.5 μm thick, stained with Toluidine Blue, and photographed at 400 x. Number and location of capillaries and fiber cross-sectional areas (FCSA) were scored from these photographs and from those of normoxic controls. Growth rates were similar for control and hypoxic guinea pigs. As animals grew, LV and RV weights increased linearly with body weight. Hypoxic guinea pigs had LV weights similar to controls but the RV showed varying degrees of hypertrophy. Control and hypoxic guinea pigs showed similar linear increases in FCSA with ventricular weight, suggesting that hypertrophy was due to increased FCSA. Capillary density (CD) decreased and capillary-to-fiber ratio (C∶F) increased with FCSA, and O2 diffusion distances lengthened in LV and RV of animals in both groups. CD and C∶F were higher and O2 diffusion distances were shorter in most hypoxic animals compared to controls. When RV hypertrophy was large (RV>0.7 g) and failure imminent, CD, C∶F and O2 diffusion distances were similar to controls suggesting that in these hearts oxygenation was impaired.
Eager for medicalisation: the social production of infertility as a disease

The social and cultural basis of medicalisation is explored through an examination of infertility, a social condition that has recently been recast as a disease. Infertility illustrates a basic dilemma of medicalisation: the health care system reflects the same value system at work throughout society. Placing social problems within a biomedical framework does not provide a satisfactory solution for conditions that deviate from cultural norms because those norms are replicated in biomedical ideologies about the nature and treatment of disease. We examine three phases of this dilemma through an analysis of data collected in in-depth interviews with 43 American couples who were undergoing infertility treatment: 1) the disparity between initial expectations about ease and speed of treatment and its actual complexity, 2) the confrontation with medical definitions of abnormality, and 3) the cumulative effects of treatment, in which emotional exhaustion from infertility treatment vies with the continuing need to ‘fix’ the infertility and produce a pregnancy. We conclude that individuals' efforts to eradicate feelings of abnormality for their childlessness by lending medical legitimacy to their failure to conceive are undermined by entering a medical system in which concepts of disease and abnormality are implicit.
Construction-Safety Best Practices and Relationships to Safety Performance

AbstractThe construction industry has experienced a great deal of safety improvement after the Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. In the last twenty years, improvements have been made largely due to safety interventions that exceed compliance with government regulations. Researchers have long attempted to identify the most effective safety programs. However, studies in the past focused only on a small subset of potential injury-prevention options. In addition, to date, there has yet to be a study that documents a comprehensive list of safety strategies implemented by industry-leading companies. This research addresses this knowledge gap by creating a comprehensive list of construction-safety strategies from relevant literature and supplementing it with input from an expert panel. Once the strategies were identified (n=104), the research team conducted interviews with representatives from 57 projects in the United States to determine which strategies were implemented on each pr...
AN ISOHEMAGGLUTININ DEFICIENCY IN RELATIVES OF RHEUMATOID PATIENTS.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis belonging to blood group 0 have deficient activity of anti-A and anti-B isohemagglutinins in chromatographic fractions containing γss, γ1A and γ1M globulins. Asymptomatic close relatives of these patients, if they too belong to blood group 0 have deficient isohemagglutinin activity only in an intermediate fraction containing y1A and yss globulins. Evidence is presented which suggests that the latter deficiency is attributable to the γ1A globulin, and is not the result of complexing with rheumatoid factor. Patientes con arthritis rheumatoidee qui pertine al gruppo de sanguine O ha deficiente activitate del isohemagglutininas anti-A e anti-B in fractions chromatographic que contine le globulinas γss, γ1A, e γ1M. Asymptomatic consanguineos proxime de tal patientes, in tanto que illes etiam pertine all gruppo de sanguine O, ha deficiente activitate de isohemagglutinina solmente in un fraction intermedie que contine le globulinas γ1A e γss. Evidentia es presentate que pare indicar gue le secunde del duo typos de deficientia es attribuibile al globulina γ1A e non es le resultato de complexation con factor rheumatoidee.
CU-COMSEM: Exploring Rich Features for Unsupervised Web Personal Name Disambiguation

The increasing number of web sources is exacerbating the named-entity ambiguity problem. This paper explores the use of various token-based and phrase-based features in unsupervised clustering of web pages containing personal names. From these experiments, we find that the use of rich features can significantly improve the disambiguation performance for web personal names.
Evolution of Structure in the Intergalactic Medium and the Nature of the Lyα Forest

We have performed a detailed statistical study of the evolution of structure in a photoionized intergalactic medium (IGM) using analytical simulations to extend the calculation into the mildly nonlinear density regime found to prevail at z = 3. Our work is based on a simple fundamental conjecture: that the probability distribution function of the density of baryonic diffuse matter in the universe is described by a lognormal (LN) random field. The LN distribution has several attractive features and follows plausibly from the assumption of initial linear Gaussian density and velocity fluctuations at arbitrarily early times. Starting with a suitably normalized power spectrum of primordial fluctuations in a universe dominated by cold dark matter (CDM), we compute the behavior of the baryonic matter, which moves slowly toward minima in the dark matter potential on scales larger than the Jeans length. We have computed two models that succeed in matching observations. One is a nonstandard CDM model with OMEGA = 1, h = 0.5, and GAMMA = 0.3, and the other is a low-density flat model with a cosmological constant (LCDM), with OMEGA = 0.4, OMEGA(sub LAMBDA) = 0.6, and h = 0.65. In both models, the variance of the density distribution function grows with time, reaching unity at about z = 4, where the simulation yields spectra that closely resemble the Ly-alpha forest absorption seen in the spectra of high-z quasars. The calculations also successfully predict the observed properties of the Ly-alpha forest clouds and their evolution from z = 4 down to at least z = 2, assuming a constant intensity for the metagalactic UV background over this redshift range. However, in our model the forest is not due to discrete clouds, but rather to fluctuations in a continuous intergalactic medium. At z = 3; typical clouds with measured neutral hydrogen column densities N(sub H I) = 10(exp 13.3), 10(exp 13.5), and 10(exp 11.5) /sq cm correspond to fluctuations with mean total densities approximately 10, 1, and 0.1 times the universal mean baryon density. Perhaps surprisingly, fluctuations whose amplitudes are less than or equal to the mean density still appear as "clouds" because in our model more than 70% of the volume of the IGM at z = 3 is filled with gas at densities below the mean value.
Large scale purification of isoinhibitors of trypsin from swine colostrum using zinc chelate chromatography and chromatofocusing.

Abstract Low molecular weight trypsin inhibitors were purified from swine colostrum on a large scale under mild conditions. Ammonium sulfate fractionation and metal chelate chromatography on zinc chelate Sepharose and phenyl Sepharose were used for removal of the bulk of proteins. The inhibitors showed only a weak hydrophobic interaction with phenyl Sepharose even in the presence of 1 M (Nll4)2SO4, and advantage was taken of this property to remove the inhibitors from contaminating colostrum proteins which remained tightly adsorbed to phenyl Sepharose under these conditions. The low and high molecular weight inhibitors were then separated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-300. The low molecular weight material was eluted in three major inhibitor fractions on DEAE-Sepharose. Chromatofocusing of these fractions provided greater resolution of the inhibitors, and several previously unreported inhibitor peaks were detected. The six major inhibitors purified by chromatofocusing were homogeneous as judged by polyac...
Warfarin dose requirements in a patient with the CYP2C9*14 allele

We describe a 64-year-old male of Indian descent with a history of atrial fibrillation who was started on warfarin after hospital admission for acute stroke. He received genotype-guided warfarin dosing as per the standard-of-care at our hospital, with daily dose recommendations provided by the pharmacogenetics service. Genotyping revealed the rare CYP2C9*1/*14 genotype and warfarin insensitive VKORC1 -1639GG and CYP4F2 433Met/Met genotypes. The patient received an initial warfarin loading dose of 4 mg for 2 days, followed by 2–3 mg/day for the following 11 days. He reached a therapeutic international normalized ratio on day 5, which was maintained over the following week. This report adds to the limited data of the effects of the CYP2C9*14 allele on warfarin dose requirements.
A sterically-encumbered, C2-symmetric chiral acetal for enhanced asymmetric induction in the Pauson-Khand reaction.

High levels of diastereoselection were achieved in the PKR of 1,6- and 1,7-cyclopropylidenynes bearing a bulky propargylic C2-symmetric acetal.
The search for the A1 meson

We review the problem of the apparent experimental absence of the A1 meson. Although it is required to exist, with rather definite properties, by both the quark model and chiral symmetry, it has not been found. We give a unified set of cross-section predictions for its production in forward and backward non-diffractive πN and KN reactions, e+e− → τ+τ− → μ±A1± + neutrals, and νN → μ + A1 + X. Most predictions are comparable to or exceed current sensitivity limits, so a signal could have been seen. Recent indirect evidence about the A1, such as the relevance of other axial vector particles, is discussed. In particular recent measurements with polarized beam and target imply that A1 reggeon exchange in pp → pp does occur with the strength expected from meson dominance of the axial vector weal current. All our results are summarized in table 1.
A Beginner's Guide to Creating Library Linked Data: Lessons from NCSU's Organization Name Linked Data Project

As more libraries begin publishing and using linked data, many in the library community may be curious about how they can start creating their own linked data sets. This article will describe the various stages in a linked data creation project, using North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries’ Organization Name Linked Data (ONLD) project (http://lib.ncsu.edu/ld/onld) as an example and sharing specific approaches that the project team took to produce and publish their data set. Best practices for project planning, data clean up, conversion, and publishing linked data are also discussed.
Time resolved luminescence and absorption spectroscopy of defects in MgO and AL2O3

Abstract Lattice defects in a number of oxide crystals including MgO and Al 2 O 3 exhibit broad luminescence bands in the visible and near ultraviolet spectrum. There has been interest in the possibility of developing color center lasers in oxide crystals, both because of the potential short- wavelength tuning range and the robust nature of the refractory oxide crystals and their defects. We have undertaken time resolved spectroscopy of the luminescence from F, F + , and F-aggregate centers following excimer laser excitation.
Conformity as a Function of Race and Age.

The conformity behavior of 16 black and 16 white male Ss, ages 7 and 11, was studied, using the “Asch technique” in same race and opposite race, 3-member confederate groups. Data showed that conformity was not a function of the race of Ss or the confederates. Age of Ss was a significant factor, conformity decreasing as age increased.
Neutral organic solute effects on the activity of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase

We have compared effects of dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) and two polyols on the Ca2+-ATPase purified from human erythrocytes. As studied under steady-state conditions over a broad solute concentration range and temperature, Me2SO, glycerol, and xylitol do not inhibit the Ca2+-ATPase activity; this is in contrast to numerous other organic solutes that we have investigated. Under specific experimental conditions, Me2SO (but not glycerol) substantially increases Ca2+-ATPase activity, suggesting a possible facilitation of enzyme oligomerization. The activation is more pronounced at low Ca2+ concentrations. In contrast to glycerol, Me2SO shows no protective effect on enzyme structure as assessed by determining residual Ca2+-ATPase activity after exposing the enzyme to thermal denaturation at 45°C. Under these conditions several other organic solutes strongly enhance the denaturating effect of temperature. Because of the temperature dependence of its effect on the Ca2+-ATPase activity we believe that Me2SO activates the Ca2+-ATPase by indirect water-mediated interactions.
Portrait of a science teacher as a bricoleur: A case study from India

This paper presents a case study of science teaching in an eighth grade school classroom in India. It comes out of a larger ethnographic study done in 2005 that looked at how science was taught and learned in a rural government run middle school in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. Subscribing to a sociocultural perspective, the paper presents a narrative account of how a science teacher negotiated and made use of the existing discourses that influenced his teaching practice to construct learning experiences for his students. It is a portrait of him as a bricoleur, engaged in making-do with what is of available to conform to prescriptive discursive norms as well as engage in situated, contingent and collaborative pedagogical improvisations with his students. Through a discursive analysis of Mr. Raghuvanshi’s teaching practice, this paper presents his bricolage as a feature of everyday sociocultural practices, and as an instance of glocalization of decontextualized school science discourse. It also offers a case for creation and strengthening of material conditions that support enactment of teacher agency for construction of meaningful and relevant learning experiences for students.
On the Matroid Stratification of Grassmann Varieties, Specialization of Coordinates, and a Problem of N. White

Abstract We resolve a problem of N. White [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B29 (1980), 168–175] by constructing representable matroids F and G with F ⩽ G in the weak map order such that no coordinatization of G specializes to a coordinatization of F. Our approach is based upon the interplay of combinatorics and topology in the matroid stratification of the complex Grassmann variety Gn, d introduced by I. M. Gelfand, R. M. Goresky, R. D. MacPherson, and V. Serganova [Adv. in Math.63 (1987), 301–316]. Related aspects and open problems in the algebraic geometry of matroids are discussed.
Identification of Reduced-Order Thermal Therapy Models Using Thermal MR Images: Theory and Validation

In this paper, we develop and validate a method to identify computationally efficient site- and patient-specific models of ultrasound thermal therapies from MR thermal images. The models of the specific absorption rate of the transduced energy and the temperature response of the therapy target are identified in the reduced basis of proper orthogonal decomposition of thermal images, acquired in response to a mild thermal test excitation. The method permits dynamic reidentification of the treatment models during the therapy by recursively utilizing newly acquired images. Such adaptation is particularly important during high-temperature therapies, which are known to substantially and rapidly change tissue properties and blood perfusion. The developed theory was validated for the case of focused ultrasound heating of a tissue phantom. The experimental and computational results indicate that the developed approach produces accurate low-dimensional treatment models despite temporal and spatial noises in MR images and slow image acquisition rate.
The microbubble mediated surface probe and the ice-antifreeze glycoprotein solution system

Abstract Microbubble growth and its apparent “shrinkage” during the transient approach to steady-state crystal growth have been monitored by dynamic light scattering in the region immediately ahead of ice crystals growing into aqueous solutions containing dilute concentrations of macromolecules. This interfacial bubble growth occurs in the presence of a solution of globular macromolecules, and is independent of the crystal growth direction. In contrast, bubble growth becomes crystal-facet dependent when the solution contains a biological antifreeze molecule, the antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP-4). This solution elicited an immediate, 100 x increase in bubble size above the prismatic surface of ice, followed by a gradual decrease in the averaged bubble size concomitant with a large increase in the size polydispersity. Furthermore, when the steady-state crystal growth condition is reached (in approximately one hour), the average bubble size was still ∼ 80x the size of those found in the pure ice-water system. However, when the same solution is above the basal facet, after the steady-state growth condition is attained, the microbubble diameter is unchanged from that found in the pure ice-water system. The difference in microbubble growth in the vicinity of the dynamic ice-solution interface between solutions of AFGP-4 samples and that of other molecules suggests facet-specific affinity of AFGP by ice, a condition necessary for facet-specific crystal growth inhibition.
NUCLEOLAR CHANGES INDUCED IN THE GRASSHOPPER NEUROBLAST BY DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND THEIR CAPACITY FOR PHOTORECOVERY

Abstract 1. 1. Spheration induced in the nucleous of the grasshopper neuroblast by wavelengths 2250, 2399, 2537, 2650, 2804, 3022, and 3130 A was studied. 2. 2. Photorecovery was not evidenced after treatment with 2250, 2399, or 2537 A. It was highly significant after 2650 and 3022 A, and probably could have been demonstrated after 2804 and 3130 A if the data had been more extensive. 3. 3. Wavelengths 2650 and 2804 A are the most effective ones in inducing nucleolar spheration. Above 2804 A and below 2650 A the effectiveness of the ultraviolet gradually decreases. At 3650 A no effect was obtained even after prolonged exposure to radiation of high intensity. 4. 4. The time interval between the termination of ultraviolet treatment and maximum spheration, as determined by the per cent of cells affected, is independent of wavelength and dose. 5. 5. Spheration persists for periods of time varying directly with the per cent of cells affected and appears to be independent of the dose. 6. 6. Interphase nucleoli are the most sensitive followed by very early prophase, early prophase, middle prophase, and late prophase, in order of decreasing sensitivity. 7. 7. Spheration appears to result from direct action of the radiation on the nucleolus or on the material immediately surrounding it. 8. 8. The effects produced on the nucleolus by ultraviolet, heat, and X-rays resemble each other only superficially.
Honey bee, Apis mellifera L., confinement behavior toward beetle invaders

We performed two experiments to study the hiding behavior of various beetles introduced into colonies of European honey bees, Apis mellifera L. In the first experiment, we studied the spatial distribution within confinement sites of six beetle species at eight time intervals following their introduction into honey bee observation hives. For each beetle species, we also determined whether the beetle’s level of integration into honey bee colonies correlated with its ability to hide at confinement sites within colonies. In experiment 1, we used five species of nitidulid beetles and one species of tenebrionid beetle, collectively representing three differing levels of integration into honey bee colonies. These species (and their level of integration) included Aethina tumida (highly integrated), Lobiopa insularis, and Epuraea luteola (accidentals), and Carpophilus humeralis, C. hemipterus, and Tribolium castaneum (non-integrated). There were always more A. tumida found in confinement sites than beetles of the other species. This difference became more pronounced over the 24-h observation period. In experiment 2, we determined whether previous A. tumida occupation of confinement sites predisposed those sites to hosting invading A. tumida never before exposed to honey bee colonies. The results from this study indicate that invading A. tumida find hiding sites within honey bee colonies more rapidly if other A. tumida previously occupied the confinement sites. Collectively, these studies suggest that A. tumida is unique among beetle invaders with respect to its ability to seek out and occupy confinement sites inside honey bee colonies.
PM-05TUMOR LOCATION REMODELS TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES IN A PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA XENOGRAFT

Preclinical testing of novel therapeutics increasingly relies on patient tumor tissue maintained as xenograft models in immunodeficient mice. Xenograft response to treatment informs which agents are likely to advance to human clinical trials. Frequently, pediatric brain tumor models are grown and tested in a heterotopic location. We sought to determine if growing a pediatric medulloblastoma xenograft (D341) heterotopically in the flank or cerebrum compared to orthotopically in the cerebellum of athymic nude mice altered the gene expression profile of the tumor. Flank tumors were harvested and tumor pieces were injected into the flank or dissociated and 500,000 cells injected into the cerebrum or cerebellum. After tumor regrowth, tumors were harvested and cells were prepared for mRNA-sequencing (Illumina HiSeq2500). Duplicate biological samples were run for each location. TopHat was used to align the raw RNA-Seq fastq reads to the reference genome. Cufflinks was used to determine gene differences between each location of tumor growth that met a fold change ≥±2 and a q-value <0.05. When growing a tumor in the cerebellum versus the flank or cerebrum, 123 and 73 significant gene differences were seen, respectively. Gene upregulation accounted for 88% of the differences when comparing cerebellum to flank, whereas 71% of the changes were downregulation of genes in the cerebellum versus cerebrum. Gene ontology analysis revealed that approximately half of the gene differences between the cerebellum and the flank or cerebrum were related to metabolic and cellular processes. The most common molecular function changes were related to binding and catalytic activity. These results suggest that significant gene expression changes occur when a medulloblastoma xenograft is implanted in a heterotopic location instead of orthotopically in the cerebellum. Further analysis is required to identify the drivers of these changes and to determine whether these differences modify treatment sensitivity.
Concentration, temperature and deformation effects in concentrated polymer solutions with volatile solvents

A novel high pressure polymer solution viscometer has been experimentally evaluated using the polystyrene/ethylbenzene system. The polymer solutions range in concentration from 60 weight percent polystyrene to the pure melt. The overall temperature range is 132°C to 240°C. The shear rates range from roughly 5 s−1 to 2000 s−1. It has been concluded that the present method is useful in determining the shear dependent behavior of these volatile solutions, The shear dependent nature of this system is consistent with accepted non-Newtonian viscosity theory.
How to Be an Anti-Skeptic and a Noncontextualist

Contextualists often argue from examples where it seems true to say in one context that a person knows something but not true to say that in another context where skeptical hypotheses have been introduced. The skeptical hypotheses can be moderate, simply mentioning what might be the case or raising questions about what a person is certain of, or radical, where scenarios about demon worlds, brains in vats, The Matrix, etc., are introduced. I argue that the introduction of these skeptical hypotheses leads people to fallaciously infer that it is no longer true to say that the relevant person knows. I believe that that is a better explanation of the so- called intuition that the person does not know than the contextualist’s who claim that raising these skeptical hypotheses changes the standards that determine when it is true to say “S knows that P.” At the end I raise the possibility that contextualists might defend their view on pragmatic rather than skeptical grounds by arguing that the standards of evidence rise when more is at stake in a practical sense.
Discrete time invariant linear minimax filtering

The problem of filtering a signal from a discrete time invariant linear system with white Gaussian observation and unknown driving noise bounded at each time step is considered. Our goal is to find a linear filter for some linear functional of the state that minimizes over all such filters the maximum over all bounded driving noises the error variance.
The education-turnout ‘puzzle’ in recent US national elections

Abstract Although early behavioural research found a linear relation between education and turnout in American national elections, validated vote data from the CPS National Election Studies show that during the 1970s and 1980s, White grade schoolers outvoted those with some high school. This puzzling relationship is cleared up when it is discovered that elderly citizens, who vote at relatively high rates, are increasingly disproportionately represented in the grade school category, and that young Whites who are high school dropouts have very low turnout records. Future studies of formal schooling's effect on turnout must take this age-skew of educational attainment into account.