cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of diffusion coefficient identification using a multi-robot system

This paper presents an implementation of an online parameter identification algorithm for 2D diffusion processes on an multi-robot experimental test-bed. The algorithm uses mobile sensor networks to collect data and estimate the diffusion coefficient. In order to verify the algorithm in realistic diffusion fields, we first build a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) diffusion field. Then we construct a sensor grid to measure the field so that a pre-collected and smoothed diffusion process can be generated. We perform tests in the pre-collected field at locations with different diffusion conditions. The experimental results show that the algorithm is applicable when dealing with different local circumstances. In addition, The test-bed is also able to produce controllable diffusion fields that can be used to validate other algorithms.
Multiple Reaction Products from the Hydrolysis of Chiral and Prochiral Organophosphate Substrates by the Phosphotriesterase from Sphingobium sp. TCM1

The phosphotriesterase from Sphingobium sp. TCM1 (Sb-PTE) is notable for its ability to hydrolyze organophosphates that are not substrates for other enzymes. In an attempt to determine the catalytic properties of Sb-PTE for hydrolysis of chiral phosphotriesters, we discovered that multiple phosphodiester products are formed from a single substrate. For example, Sb-PTE catalyzes the hydrolysis of the RP-enantiomer of methyl cyclohexyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate with exclusive formation of methyl cyclohexyl phosphate. However, the enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of the SP-enantiomer of this substrate to an equal mixture of methyl cyclohexyl phosphate and cyclohexyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate products. The ability of this enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of a methyl ester at the same rate as the hydrolysis of a p-nitrophenyl ester contained within the same substrate is remarkable. The overall scope of the stereoselective properties of this enzyme is addressed with a library of chiral and prochiral substrates.
The impact of online financial disclosure and donations in nonprofits

Decreased public confidence and trust in the nonprofit sector has fueled increased calls for transparency. In response, federal regulators and watchdog organizations have recommended that nonprofit...
Mollicutes : Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Proven or suspected autoimmune phenomena are frequently associated with infections by the atypical bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Perhaps the most well-known, and previously a common clinical tool in diagnosis, is the occurrence of cold agglutinins, particularly in cases of atypical pneumonia. However, in addition to atypical pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been associated with the development of a severe variant of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, arthritis, various forms of vasculitis, and neurologic disorders including Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). While the molecular mechanisms leading to all of these processes are poorly understood, it is likely that at least some of them will be elucidated in the near future given the rapid progress in genomics and microbiology that is currently taking place. In this chapter, we will review some of the better documented associations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with autoimmunity.
A Robust Bias Against Interracial Couples Among White and Black Respondents, Relative to Multiracial Respondents:

Interracial couples are an understudied but increasingly common social group in the United States. We used direct and indirect measures to examine explicit and implicit biases (respectively) agains...
FAP and Cognitive Behavior Therapy

This chapter is intended to help practicing cognitive behavior therapists make their treatment more intense, interpersonal , and impactful for both therapists and clients by incorporating the methods of functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP; Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991; Tsai et al., 2008). Our approach is user friendly in that it builds on existing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT ) methods and skills with which practicing therapists are already familiar.
Computer Methods I

The use of the computer is essential for modern structural analysis; therefore, it is important that the engineer have some understanding of how the computer is actually used to accomplish this analysis. This chapter introduces some of the basic computer methods and algorithms used in structural analysis; these include schemes for solving simultaneous equations, solving eigenvalue problems, and for efficient data storage. In addition, it attempts to describe the computer environment in which the analysis takes place. References [4, 32, 45] consider many of the general aspects of using computers for structural analysis.
An introduction to unification grammars

In Part II we have developed a formal theory of parsing schemata for context-free grammars. In Part III we will apply this theory in several different directions. In Chapters 7–9, we discuss parsing schemata for unification grammars. In Chapters 10 and 11 we use parsing schemata to define Left-Corner and Head-Corner chart parsers. We will prove these to be correct as well. In Chapters 12 and 13, subsequently, we derive a parsing schema for Tomita’s algorithm as an example of an algorithm that is not item-based. As a result, we can cross-fertilize the Tomita parser with a parallel bottom-up Earley parser, yielding a parallel bottom-up Tomita parser. In Chapter 14, finally, we discuss hard-wired implementations of parsing schemata, in the form of boolean circuits.
Spontaneous emission of light by a dipole coupled to a plasmonic nanoresonator

We develop a theory for spontaneous decay of a quantum emitter (QE) situated near metal-dielectric structure supporting localized surface plasmons. If plasmon resonance is tuned close to the QE emission frequency, the emission is enhanced due to energy transfer from QE to localized plasmon mode followed by photon emission by plasmonic antenna. The emission rate is determined by intimate interplay between the plasmon coupling to radiation field and the Ohmic losses in metal. Here we develop plasmon Green function approach that includes plasmon’s interaction with radiation to obtain explicit expressions for radiative decay rate and optical polarizability of a localized plasmon mode in arbitrary plasmonic nanostructure. Within this approach, we provide consistent definition of plasmon mode volume by relating it to plasmon mode density, which characterizes the plasmon field confinement, and recover the standard cavity form of the Purcell factor, but now for plasmonic systems. We show that, for QE placed at ”hot spot” near sharp tip of a small metal nanostructure, the plasmon mode volume scales with the metal volume while being very sensitive to the proximity to the tip. Finally, we derive the enhancement factor for radiated power spectrum for any nanoplasmonic system and relate it to the Purcell factor for spontaneous decay rate. We illustrate our results by numerical example of a QE situated near gold nanorod tip.
Combined chemotherapy (CT) and erlotinib (E) as a first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated (EGFR M) NSCLC.

e19076 Background: EGFR-TKI's and CT induce apoptosis in EGFR M NSCLC by different mechanisms that may result in synergistic effects when used concurrently rather than sequentially. We reviewed the...
Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation with a Medial Buttress Plate That Led to Impingement with Hip Flexion: A Case Report.

Case A 47-year-old man with an isolated femoral neck fracture was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with a medial femoral neck buttress plate and a dynamic hip screw. Union was achieved without osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, hip arthroscopy that was performed for persistent hip pain following the fracture union revealed an intra-articular impingement of the buttress plate and a substantial anterior acetabular chondral injury. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported complication associated with the application of a medial buttress plate for a femoral neck fracture. This case report may help surgeons who employ this technique to avoid a similar complication.
Factors affecting willingness to adopt and willingness to pay for a residential hybrid system that provides heating/cooling and domestic hot water

Abstract The present study examines, through a behavioral survey, the self-reported intentions of consumers in Greece, Portugal and Spain, in relation to a residential hybrid system that offers heating/cooling and domestic hot water (DHW); the system combines ground source heat pumps, solar thermal panels and thermal energy storage. A positive attitude concerning the adoption intention of the system has been recorded, while the results on Willingness to Pay (WTP) and acceptable payback period reveal that there is a potential market for the hybrid system in the three countries. The analysis indicates that consumers’ intentions are similar among the three countries, with the only statistical significant difference occurring between Spain and Portugal on the subject of WTP for the system. The socioeconomic factors that are identified to have an effect on consumers’ intentions in relation to the hybrid system are gender, income, educational level, occupation, past investments in thermal energy systems and percentage of income spent on household energy needs; the corresponding residence characteristics include location, building type, dwelling size, year of construction and existing system for space heating and DHW. The study’s findings can contribute to the broader understanding of consumers’ behavior concerning the adoption of residential heating/cooling and DHW systems.
High pressure processing of spoilage fungi as affected by water activity in a diluted apple juice concentrate

Abstract High Pressure Processing (HPP) is a method used to extend shelf life of foods by subjecting products in their final packaging to extreme pressure. This leads to protein degradation in microbial cells, membrane degradation, and eventual cell death. Survival of spoilage organisms, especially spore-formers, has not been closely considered in regard to the effect of water activity (aw). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH and aw on HPP apple juice to prevent fungal spoilage during shelf life. Apple juice concentrate was adjusted to aw 0.94 (39.3°Brix), 0.96 (32.2°Brix), 0.98 (22.0°Brix), or 1.00 (7.1°Brix) and pH 4.6 or pH 7.0. Polyethylene terephthalate bottles were filled with concentrate and inoculated with Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Byssochlamys spectabilis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, or Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Samples were HPP treated at 450 MPa for 1.5 min and for pressure-resistant species, at 600 MPa for 1.5 min or 3 min to resemble industrial processing conditions. Fungi were more resistant to HPP at lower aw and higher pH. C. parapsilosis was more resistant to HPP than the other organisms tested. Fungi, with the exception of C. parapsilosis, experienced a 4.26- or greater log reduction at aw of 0.98 and above at either pH. Their reductions ranged from 0.5 to 5.3 log reduction at 0.94 aw and 0.96 aw with pH 4.6. The reductions were 0.1–4.5-log at 0.94 and 0.96 aw at pH 7.0. In general, shelf life was a matter of weeks at ambient temperatures and 7.0 pH, even when processing pressures were increased to 600 MPa. To reduce risk of fungal spoilage, HPP products should be at or above 0.98 aw and below 4.6 pH and stored at refrigerated conditions.
The impact of different drinking habits on marijuana use among college-aged youths

The present study investigates the impact of two drinking habits – moderate drinking and heavy drinking – on marijuana use among college-aged youths. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal S...
Discrimination in the United States: Perspectives for the future

Objective To summarize findings from this Special Issue, which examine reported experiences of discrimination among six underrepresented groups in public opinion research-blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian Americans, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) adults, and women. Data source and study design Data come from a nationally representative, probability-based telephone survey of 3453 US adults, conducted January-April 2017. Methods We calculated the percent of adults reporting discrimination in several domains, including health care. Principal findings In health care encounters, 32 percent of black adults reported discrimination, as did 23 percent of Native Americans, 20 percent of Latinos, 18 percent of women, 16 percent of LGBTQ adults, and 13 percent of Asian Americans. Significant shares also reported experiencing racial, gender, or LGBTQ identity-based violence against themselves or family members, including 51 percent of LGBTQ adults, 42 percent of blacks, 38 percent of Native Americans, and 21 percent of women. At least one in seven blacks (22 percent), LGBTQ adults (18 percent), Latinos (17 percent), and Native Americans (15 percent) reported avoiding health care for themselves or family members over concerns of anticipated discrimination or unfair treatment. Conclusions Taken together, this polling effort illustrates the significant and widespread level of discrimination against many groups in America today, as well as the complex manifestation of these experiences across different groups and different areas of life. While it is beyond the scope of these results to make specific recommendations for how to end discrimination in each area of life we studied, this Special Issue provides important evidence that more research and practice on discrimination are sorely needed in health services research.
Factors that challenge English learners and increase their dropout rates: recommendations from the field

This descriptive study surveyed the perceptions of teachers, counselors, and administrators on issues pertaining to school services and academic and instructional challenges of English Learners (EL...
Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumonia-related hospitalizations in children ≤5 years after its implementation into the national immunization program of Turkey.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and CAP-related hospitalizations following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate v...
Perceived Benefits and Costs Contribute to Young and Older Adults' Selectivity in Social Relationships.

Abstract. This article explores the influence of perceived benefits and costs on willingness to engage in social interactions in 32 young adults aged 20 to 40 years and 38 older adults aged 65 to 8...
Variable word length: a quantum-proof encryption solution

Quantum computing is coming; and, with it, the security of modern cryptography will be compromised. Technologies such as industrial control systems, banking, and smartphones depend on cryptography to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of operations. Any data sent over the internet relies on cryptography. In some cases, information is so sensitive that if the encryption is broken years in the future the results could be catastrophic. A post-quantum cryptographic solution is required today. Variable World Length is a proposed quantum-proof symmetric cryptography algorithm. It is low-labor, low-latency, and low-power; with a keyspace of 10511 in its simplest form (for comparison, AES-256 is 2256). Variable Word Length performs bit manipulation to send “words” of varied length. Without the key, an attacker would need to brute force all possible combinations. Due to the design of the algorithm, some of these combinations will decrypt real plaintext that was not the encrypted message. Additionally, the keyspace can be increased without an exponential tax on computing resources.
Homogenization for the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on R 2

We study the defocusing inhomogeneous mass-critical nonlinear Schrodinger equation on R 2 i ∂ t u n + Δ u n = g ( n x ) | u n | 2 u n for initial data in L 2 ( R 2 ) . We obtain sufficient conditio...
The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth.

Abstract Purpose Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying, which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Given that physical activity (PA) can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem, we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth. Methods Data from the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer National Teen Survey (n = 9890) were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied, PA, and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Simple slopes analyses were used to probe significant interactions. Results Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental health. PA was negatively related to depression (t = –4.18, p Conclusion Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history; otherwise, their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.
Gas discharge display panel

An all glass, flat, 17,000 element digital display panel with interent memory has been developed. The panel utilizes a matrix array of light emitting gas discharges which can be selectively turned on and off. The panels are very similar in principle of operation to that described by Bitzer and Slot-tow (1), but incorporate a number of changes which make them more suitable for a practical display panel. Present panels have an active area of 4 by 4 inches, with a resolution of 33 lines per inch. Panel thickness is 1/2 inch. Except for the conducting electrodes, the device is made entirely of glass. The design permits scaling up to larger size panels with presently available glass fabrication techniques.
Acceptability, feasibility and implementation of a web-based U.S. Health Insurance Navigation Tool (HINT).

In the U.S., health insurance is a crucial determinant of the affordability of healthcare services and access to care. Population-based studies indicate Americans do not have an adequate understanding of their insurance plans and face difficulties navigating their health insurance coverage. The purpose of this pilot study is to collect qualitative data using a key informant interview format to learn about the acceptability, feasibility and implementation of a newly devised online health insurance navigation tool (HINT). A total of 57 Florida residents completed the 18-item HINT web-based survey tool and provided feedback on their experience, of which 63.2% were women, 40.7% Black race, and had average sample age of 46.9 years. Participants reported the web tool to be of good length, easy readability, relevant, and overall helpful for insurance selection. All respondents reported that they would use the tool themselves should they find themselves in the process of selecting an insurance plan and 98.2% of respondents reported that they would suggest the web tool to a family or friend. The average time it took to complete the questionnaire was 4 min and 20 s.The HINT tool met study criteria on feasibility, implementation, and acceptability among study participants.
Determinants of allocative and economic efficiency in crop-livestock integration in western part of Ethiopia evidence from Horro district: data envelopment approach.

Abstract Sustainable development can be achieved through integrations of livestock and crops farm levels that generate higher economic efficiency in saving production costs through combining of crop and livestock. So, this study analyzed the allocative and economic efficiency of smallholder farmers in mixed crop-livestock production in Ethiopia evidence from Horo district using cross sectional data collected from 152 households in 2019/2020 cropping season by using structured questionnaires’. Data envelopment analysis was used to estimate the allocative and economic efficiency score. From the results of data envelopment analysis mean allocative efficiency was (57.0%) and economic efficiency (38.4%). Thus existence of about 61.6% economic inefficiency in the production of mixed crop-livestock production. Moreover, Tobit regression model results show that allocative efficiency affected by extension, off-non-farm and education levels of household positively. While economic efficiency positively affected by credit use, terrace and extension service positively and distance to the market negatively. Hence government should take steps for the improvement in education levels of household, development of terrace, expansion of nonfarm sectors and reform with extension service.
Mis-regulation of the Nucleoporins 98 and 96 lead to defects in protein synthesis that promote hallmarks of tumorigenesis

The Nucleoporin 98KD (Nup98) is one of the most promiscuous translocation partners in hematological malignancies, contributing to at least 31 different truncation-fusion proteins. To date, nearly all disease models of Nup98 translocations involve ectopic expression of transgenes recapitulating the fusion protein under study, leaving the endogenous Nup98 loci unperturbed. Overlooked in these approaches is that translocation leads to the loss of one copy of normal Nup98 in addition to the loss of Nup96 - a second Nucleoporin encoded within the same mRNA and reading frame as Nup98. Nup98 and 96 are also mutated in a number of other cancer types and are located near a tumor suppressor region known to be epigenetically silenced, suggesting that their disruption is not limited to blood cancers. We found that reducing Nup98-96 function via an RNAi approach in Drosophila melanogaster (where the Nup98-96 shared mRNA and reading frame gene structure is conserved) de-regulates the cell cycle. We find evidence of over-proliferation in Nup98-96 deficient tissues, counteracted by elevated apoptosis and aberrant Wingless and JNK signaling associated with chronic wound healing. When the knockdown of Nup98-96 is combined with inhibition of apoptosis, we see synergism leading to dramatic tissue overgrowth, consistent with a tumor-suppressor function for endogenous Nup98 and 96. To understand how growth and proliferation become mis-regulated when Nup98-96 levels are reduced, we performed RNAseq and uncovered a gene expression signature consistent with defects in ribosome biogenesis. We found that reducing Nup 98 and 96 function limits nuclear export of the ribosome component RpL10A, leading to defects in protein synthesis. Defects in protein synthesis are sufficient to trigger JNK signaling that contributes to compensatory proliferation and hallmarks of tumorigenesis when apoptosis is inhibited. Based upon our data, we suggest that the partial loss of Nup98 and Nup96 function in translocations could de-regulate protein synthesis leading to stress signaling that cooperates with other mutations in cancer to promote tumorigenesis. HighlightsO_LICompromising Nups 98 and 96 triggers cell death and compensatory proliferation via JNK signaling that becomes tumorigenic when apoptosis is blocked C_LIO_LIReducing Nup 98 and 96 function limits nuclear export of the ribosome stalk component RpL10A, leading to defects in protein synthesis which cause stress signaling via JNK. C_LIO_LIReduced protein synthesis coupled with increased JNK signaling, paradoxically leads to more rapid proliferation with a gene expression signature that resembles a chronic wounding response. C_LIO_LIOverexpression of Nup98, which occurs in oncogenic fusions, leads to similar defects in protein synthesis and JNK activation. C_LI
Decoding the Position of a Visual Stimulus from the Cortical Waves of Turtles

The main purpose of this paper is to show how a population of excitatory and inhibitory interconnection of cells, dynamically interacting to produce a wave of activity can encode the input signal that generates the wave. The population considered are from the visual cortex of freshwater turtles and the input signals are visual signals through the retina of the animal. The wave of activity in the cell population can be converted to a spatiotemporal signal through low pass filtering, which in turn can be encoded both spatially and temporally using principal component analysis. The visual inputs are thus represented as a ‘low dimensional temporal strands’ in an appropriate space described. In this paper, the visual input considered are ‘light flashes’ localized at three different locations of the visual space. Detection of the input location using ‘statistical hypothesis testing’ has been described as the main result of this paper.
Anti-ANP32A antibodies in systemic sclerosis.

Numerous studies have identified autoantibody status as an important biomarker of cancer risk around the time of systemic sclerosis (SSc) onset. For example, anti-RNA polymerase III antibody positivity associates with increased cancer risk near SSc onset, while the presence of anticentromere or anti-Th/To antibodies may be protective.1–4 In this context, we selected serum from a well-characterised patient with SSc with squamous cell skin cancer and a short cancer–scleroderma interval to discover cancer-associated autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitations performed with this serum using 624 melanoma cell lysates were subjected to on bead digestion and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry peptide sequencing. This identified antibodies targeting the tumour suppressor gene, acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein (ANP32A), which migrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gels at ~28.5 kDa. Antibodies against ANP32A were validated in this serum by immunoprecipitation using 35S-methionine labelled ANP32A generated by in vitro transcription/translation from DNA (Origene) as described.5 To further explore the association between anti-ANP32A antibodies and cancer in patients with SSc, sera from patients with (n=213) and without cancer (n=190) were randomly selected from the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center Research Registry for anti-ANP32A antibody testing. The Registry prospectively collects demographic information, cancer diagnoses and longitudinal disease metrics. …
Chaos in Surface Dynamics

An undeniable reality of current thinking in many areas of intellectual inquiry, both at the “arm-chair physics” as well as serious-research level, is an awareness of the possibility of “chaotic behavior” in one’s favorite system. The reasons for such an awareness are many-fold due in part to: i) the easy availability of the entire spectrum of computers (from simple PCs to super computers) being utilized in state-of-the art numerical experiments characteristic of the field; ii) real cross-disciplinary studies in which the eccentricities of nonlinear systems form common links between previously unrelated areas [8.1–7]; iii) the appearance of many excellent review articles directed at the “non-involved but interested physical scientist layperson” [8.8–14], of which the one by Jensen is particularly lucid [8.13]; iv) the timely publication of the justifiably best selling book “Chaos” by James Gleick [8.15] which has gone a long way towards making the concept of chaos a household word, but in a scientifically and/or mathematically enlightened way. Still, one may wonder if and how this explosion of colorful pictures [8.16] and frequently humorous (e.g., “The Chaotic Behavior of the Leaky Faucet” [8.17] or the exposition of the “Ding-a-Ling Model” [8.18])but legitimate numerical studies impacts on ones own field of work. One asks, “Is it necessary for me to learn what is going on in chaos and is there anything that I would do or think differently if I was to avail myself of modern (chaotic) thinking?” [8.19] It is the intent of this chapter to provide some guidance to those physicists and chemists involved in surface studies such that they might better answer these questions for themselves.
Transplacental hemorrhage in patients subjected to therapeutic abortion.

Abstract The possibility of preventing erythroblastosis fetalis has made it desirable to identify those patients at risk with regard to sensitization. We have therefore looked for tranplacental hemorrhage in patients undergoing therapeutic abortions. Our results suggest that all of the more common methods of artificially terminating a pregnancy may result in transplacental hemorrhage.
Disciplining Federal Judges: Is Impeachment Hopeless

Senator Tydings, Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Improvements in Judicial Machinery, recently introduced legislation which would empower a Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure to recommend the removal of a federal judge from office.' His proposal, modeled on the California Commission on Judicial Qualifications,2 would avoid using the impeachment process3 specified in the Constitution and thus revives an old constitutional issue: Is impeachment the exclusive method of disciplining federal judges? Senator Tydings apparently thinks not; Justices Black and Douglas
A theoretical and empirical investigation of multi-item on-line auctions

In this paper we explore and analyze the structure of Internet auctions from an analytical and an empirical perspective. Such web-based auctions are rapidly emerging as a mercantile process of choice in the electronic marketplace. We observe current Internet auctions for one-time products, such as rapidly aging hardware, and analyze them within the framework of the existing auction theory. While traditional auction theory focuses on single-item auctions, we observe that a majority of on-line auctions are multi-item auctions. A significant contribution of this work is the theoretical derivation of the structure of the winning bids in multi-item progressive on-line auctions. Additionally, for comparative purposes, we explore the structural characteristics of alternative multi-item auction mechanisms proposed in the auction theory. We derive hypotheses based on our analytical results and compare two different types of auction mechanisms. We test the traditional auction theory assumption regarding the homogeneity of bidders and present the first ever empirically derived classification and performance-comparison of on-line bidders. We test our hypotheses using real-world empirical data obtained by tracking a premier web-based auction site. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that firms may gain by choosing alternative auction mechanisms. We also provide directions for further exploration of this emerging but important dimension of electronic commerce.
Exponential sums of sum-of-digit functions

Formule exacte de representation et proprietes de la fonction Φ(x)=Σn o et β(n) est la somme des chiffres de n ecrit dans une base b donnee
Bayes estimation in a mixture inverse Gaussian model

In this paper a mixture model involving the inverse Gaussian distribution and its length biased version is studied from a Bayesian view-point. Using proper priors, the Bayes estimates of the parameters of the model are derived and the results are applied on the aircraft data of Proschan (1963,Technometrics,5, 375–383). The posterior distributions of the parameters are expressed in terms of the confluent-hypergeometric function and the modified Bessel function of the third kind. The integral involved in the expression of the estimate of the mean is evaluated by numerical techniques.
Enzymatic Free Radical Reactions

Nature has evolved an array of cofactors to aid in the initiation of enzymatic reactions that take place via mechanisms involving unpaired electrons centred on carbon atoms. A unifying theme among many of these cofactors is that they contain metal atoms that participate intimately in the radical-generation process. Keywords: radicals; S-adenosylmethionine; adenosylcobalamin; ribonucleotide reductase; quinones; monooxygenases; eicasanoids; leukotrienes; iron–sulfur clusters
Wiener-Hopf Control of Stable Infinite Dimensional Systems

This paper takes an Approximate/Design approach to the problem of designing near optimal finite dimensional compensators for scalar infinite dimensional plants. The criteria used to determine optimality are standard H2 (Wiener-Hopf) weighted sensitivity and mixed-sensitivity measures. More specifically, it is shown that given a "suitable" finite dimensional approximant for an infinite dimensional plant, one can solve a "natural" finite dimensional problem in order to obtain a near optimal finite dimensional compensator. Moreover, very weak conditions are presented to indicate what a "suitable" approximant is. In addition, we show that the optimal performance can be computed by solving a sequence of simple finite dimensional Lyapunov equations. Finally, guarantees are given on the "loop shapes" of the actual designs with respect to the optimal "loop shapes".
Exploring the boundaries of the Coase theorem: Efficiency and rationality given imperfect contract enforcement

Abstract Coasian bargaining under imperfect contract enforcement is moderately successful at predicting Pareto efficient and inefficient agreements, with success rates ranging from 58% to 94%. Neither rational nor equitable behavior dominates, rather self-interest constrained by fairness dictates the distribution of wealth.
In vitro estrogenic actions in rat and human cells of hydroxylated derivatives of D16726 (zindoxifene), an agent with known antimammary cancer activity in vivo.

A series of 2-phenyl-1-ethyl-3-methylindoles with or without a hydroxyl group in the para position of the phenyl ring and the 5 or 6 position of the indole nucleus were compared with 17β-estradiol in the stimulation of ( a ) prolactin production in rat pituitary cells in primary culture, ( b ) progesterone receptor synthesis in MCF-7 cells, and ( c ) proliferation of MCF-7 cells. All compounds were less active than estradiol but all derivatives including D15414, the hydroxylated metabolite of D16726 (zindoxifene, a known antitumor agent against mammary cancer) were fully estrogenic. Hydroxyl groups at the para position of the phenyl ring and 6 position of the indole nucleus conferred the highest estrogen potency [ED50 (drug concentration producing 50% of maximum activity) in all assays around 10-10 m]. Moving or eliminating the hydroxyl on the indole ring markedly reduced the estrogen potency; however, an even more dramatic reduction in estrogenic activity was produced by removing the hydroxyl of the phenyl ring.
Rapid and accurate pyrosequencing of angiosperm plastid genomes

Background Plastid genome sequence information is vital to several disciplines in plant biology, including phylogenetics and molecular biology. The past five years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of completely sequenced plastid genomes, fuelled largely by advances in conventional Sanger sequencing technology. Here we report a further significant reduction in time and cost for plastid genome sequencing through the successful use of a newly available pyrosequencing platform, the Genome Sequencer 20 (GS 20) System (454 Life Sciences Corporation), to rapidly and accurately sequence the whole plastid genomes of the basal eudicot angiosperms Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) and Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae).
Grid synchronization for a virtual direct power-controlled DFIG wind power system

This paper presents a method to synchronize doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) to the grid using a virtual direct power control (DPC) scheme. The nonlinearity of the hysteresis-based controller in DPC approach causes variable switching frequency for rotor side converter, which complicates the filter design. Also, the large ripples in the stator active and reactive power calculations are the major drawback for grid synchronization for DFIGs. Simplicity and robustness are the main advantages of the proposed synchronization method. Computer simulations with MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM are presented to demonstrate the merits of the scheme. Also, experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Review: Spot protein–creatinine ratio has moderate diagnostic performance for proteinuria in pregnant women with hypertension

Source Citation Cote AM, Brown MA, Lam E, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of urinary spot protein:creatinine ratio for proteinuria in hypertensive pregnant women: systematic review. BMJ. 2008;336:1003-6...
Cooking indices to predict screw-press performance for crambe seed

Screw presses offer one means for extracting oil from crambe seed. Crambe seed was steam-cooked at 80 to 112°C for 5 to 20 min, dried to 6% (wet basis), and screw-pressed. Meal residual oil decreased with increased cooking time and temperature to a minimum at 10 to 15 min and 100°C (8.5 to 8.9% oil vs. 11 to 12% in uncooked or lightly cooked seed). More intense cooking increased residual oil to a high of 16% at 20 min and 112°C. The degree of cooking was quantified using indices based on light absorbance at 280 nm (A280 index, a measure of soluble protein) and myrosinase activity for aqueous seed extracts. Regression analysis showed that oil recovery, meal residual oil, and the A280 index were significantly correlated with cooking time and temperature. A plot of residual oil vs. the A280 index showed that this index helps discriminate between under-, over-, and optimally cooked seed. The myrosinase index helped identify undercooked samples but was unable to identify overcooked samples. The optimal A280 index values from this bench-scale study may not be the same in full-scale processes, but this approach can be adapted for tuning such processes.
TIPS-associated hemolysis and encephalopathy.

Excerpt To the Editors:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) are being increasingly used for the treatment of portal hypertension (1). Although effective, the potential morbidity fr...
An infinite loop space machine for theories with noncontractible multiplication

In this paper, we develop a new kind of infinite loop space machine starting with theories with possibly noncontractible multiplication. As an application, we give an example of an infinite loop space machine with 'coherent' homotopy inverses. Schwinzl and Vogt [12] recently showed that if one wants to parametrize both the multiplication and the homotopy inverses in infinite loop spaces by the same 'theory' (for a definition, see ? 1.1), then the parametric spaces of the multiplication cannot be contractible. But the contractibility of these spaces is an intuitively motivated requirement, as it encodes the higher commutativities of the infinite loop space structure. Also, it is a property which made the passage from homotopy coherent to strict data possible in many cases (see, e.g., [1 1, 14]). One may therefore tend to conclude from [12] that homotopy inverses simply cannot be a part of the structure of an infinite loop space machine. The purpose of this note, however, is to show that the last conclusion is, in effect, false. We construct an infinite loop space machine that accepts theories in which multiplication may be parametrized by a noncontractible space or there may even be no subspace specifically parametrizing multiplication (see Theorem 1.3). Instead, the theory must satisfy an alternate requirement (see (1.3.1)). The theories associated with E,,-operads satisfy both our requirement and the contractibility requirement [12, Example 2.4]. By a result of May and Thomason [8], in this case, our machine and the machines of Boardman and Vogt [1], May [4], and Segal [13] turn out equivalent spectra. Our machine, however, accepts theories of a more general nature, including theories which also encode homotopy inverses. By [12], of course, such theories cannot satisfy the contractibility requirement of [12, Definition 2.3]. As an application of our machine, we give a criterion for a self-functor on the category of based topological spaces to be weakly equivalent to Q (QX = Q??'??X; see Theorem 1.5). Received by the editors February 24, 1992 and, in revised form, July 29, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 55P47, 18C10.
Velocity-field characteristics of electrons in doped GaAs

We report the first comprehensive measurements of the velocity-electric field charac-teristics of electrons in doped GaAs with carrier concentrations between 1 × 1015 and 1.5 × 1018 cms-3 at both 77 and 300 K. These measurements from 0 to 9000 V/cm make use of a 35 GHz technique in order to avoid charge domain formation which would render a DC measurement impossible in regions of negative differential resistance. We observe peak velocities at 300 K of between 0.9 × 107 and 2.2 × 107 cm/s in this doping range. Higher doping results in lower peak velocities which occur at higher electric fields. At 77 K, the trend is the same as at 300 K with peak velocities of between 1.1 × 107 and 3.5 × 107 cm/s. In addition, these measurements demonstrate anincrease in electron differential mobility in GaAs with increasing electric field. This effect occurs in moderately doped GaAs because the warm electrons which have been heated by the electric field scatter less efficiently with the ionized impurities than do the colder elec-trons. The increasing differential mobility occurs at electric fields well below the critical field for the onset of negative differential mobility and is more pronounced at 77 K than at 300 K. These results are significant both for the understanding of hot carrier trans-port in doped semiconductors as well as for understanding and modelling GaAs MESFETs.
Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in dogfish (Squalus acanthias) liver: incorporation of (1- 14 C) palmitic acid into acyl chains.

Abstract 1. 1. (1- 14 C) Palmitic acid was administered to dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) via intrahepatic injection and the uptake of radioactivity into acyl chains on positions 2 and 1,3 of the hepatic triacylglycerols was determined; the metabolic data were evaluated in terms of the fatty acid composition of theacyl chains. 2. 2. A distinct preference for incorporation of radioactivity into acyl chains of position 2 of triacylglycerols was found indicating that these chains are actively metabolized. 3. 3. The data suggest that biosynthesis of the hepatic triacylglycerols occurs primarily via the Kennedy-Weiss pathway, rather than via acylation of 2- acylglycerols.
UTILIDAD DEL ÍNDICE GLICÉMICO EN NUTRICIÓN DEPORTIVA

RESUMEN El indice glicemico (IG) representa el aumento de la glicemia producido luego de la ingesta de un determinado alimento, en relacion a la glucosa. Originalmente utilizado en nutricion clinica para el manejo de sujetos diabeticos, este parametro ha ampliado luego sus aplicaciones y puede ser util en el diseno de las raciones alimentarias del deportista. La evidencia actual sugiere que el consumo de alimentos con IG elevado previo al ejercicio puede ser perjudicial, por la tendencia a producir durante el ejercicio hipoglicemia y reduccion de la oxidacion de lipidos en relacion a la de carbohidratos. Estas desventajas se pueden eliminar consumiendo altas dosis de carbohidrato de alto IG durante el esfuerzo. Durante ejercicios prolongados de moderada intensidad el beneficio de consumir carbohidratos de alto IG esta asociado a la mantencion de la glicemia, mientras que durante ejercicios de baja intensidad, el consumo de carbohidratos de alto IG puede reducir la oxidacion de las grasas, factor perjudicial en sujetos que realizan ejercicio como medio de reducir su tejido adiposo. Posterior al ejercicio, el consumo de carbohidratos de alto IG ha demostrado utilidad en acelerar la reposicion de los depositos de energia y reducir el catabolismo proteico
Two distinct transcription factors that bind the immunoglobulin enhancer microE5/kappa 2 motif

Activity of the immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain gene enhancers depends on a complex interplay of ubiquitous and developmentally regulated proteins. Two complementary DNAs were isolated that encode proteins, denoted ITF-1 and ITF-2, that are expressed in a variety of cell types and bind the microE5/kappa 2 motif found in both heavy and kappa light chain enhancers. The complementary DNAs are the products of distinct genes, yet both ITF-1 and ITF-2 are structurally and functionally similar. The two proteins interact with one another through their putative helix-loop-helix motifs and each possesses a distinct domain that dictates transcription activation.
Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: The Case for Delayed Antibiotic Treatment

Acute otitis media (AOM) is both a commonly diagnosed condition and a frequent indication for antibiotic use in children. Recent literature suggests that antibiotics are not needed in many children with AOM, as most cases resolve spontaneously without complication. However, a majority of AOM infections in children are still treated with antibiotics. The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians released a guideline for treatment of AOM in children. We review the guideline as well as scientific evidence related to AOM treatment options. We support a set of evidence-based guidelines employing a delayed prescription option for antibiotic therapy in selected children. If used appropriately, these cost-effective guidelines will reduce the amount of antibiotics prescribed, increase parental satisfaction, and may lower rates of antibiotic resistance while producing similar rates of resolution of AOM.
Isolation of postsynaptic densities retaining their membrane attachment.

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of a subcellular fraction, 30–50% pure, of intact postsynaptic units from rat cerebral cortex. The isolation procedure is based on chemical dissociation of the synaptic cleft as described by Crawford, Osborne & Potter15 followed by sonication of the extracted membranes and separation of the postsynaptic units on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. This preparation provides the first practical procedure for the isolation of postsynaptic densities, prominent organelles of unknown function, without the use of detergents, enabling retention of the postsynaptic membrane in association with the postsynaptic density. The preparation shows enhanced binding of spiroperidol, a dopamine agonist, which, in conjunction with morphological evidence, indicates that the preparation is sufficiently intact to enable study of the interaction of the postsynaptic membrane with the postsynaptic density. Actin, α- and β-tubulin and postsynaptic density protein constitute the major proteins in the preparation; they are present in amounts of 41, 54, 57 and 74 μg per mg protein, respectively; as compared to 54, 59, 55 and 9 μg per mg protein of the synaptic junctional membrane used as starting material. The utility of the preparation for a number of localization studies, including ion translocating adenosine 5'-triphosphatases, protein kinases and their substrates is discussed
A gene modifying mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes inSorghum (Gramineae)

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozymes extracted from dark-grown seedlings ofSorghum species are encoded by at least two genes with their products localized in the mitochondria (mt) and one gene with its products localized in the cytosol. In homozygous genotypes, the three mt-MDH isozymes represent two homodimers and an intergenic heterodimer. For some plants ofS. virgatum andS. aethiopicum, the three mt-MDH isozymes migrate about 3 mm faster (more anodally) when electrophoresed on starch gels. The F1's of plants with normal and fast mt-MDHs had normal migration; the F2's segregate 3:1 for normal to fast migration. It is suggested that a single gene,Mmm (mt-MDH modifier), controls this modification of normal migration and that fast migration occurs when the recessive allele(mmm-m) is homozygous. The designation,Mmm, is borrowed fromZea mays, in which a similar gene has been described.