cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indium Oxide ALD Using Cyclopentadienyl Indium and Mixtures of H2O and O2

This study describes how In2O3 films can be prepared by ALD using alternating exposures to cyclopentadienyl indium (InCp) and combinations of H2O and O2, even though H2O and O2 are ineffective when used individually. When H2O and O2 are used together, either as a simultaneous exposure or in the sequence H2O-O2 or O2-H2O, very uniform, highly conducting In2O3 films are deposited at 1.0-1.6 Aa/cycle over large areas (12"x18") at temperatures as low as 100°C. In agreement with our published mechanism, in-situ Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that the H2O and O2 work synergistically to facilitate the In2O3 ALD. Ex-situ measurements on films prepared over the deposition temperature range 100-250°C identified a remarkable correlation between the film structure and electrical properties around an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition near 140°C.
Evaluation of booster breaks in the workplace

Objective This study elicited information regarding benefits of and barriers to participation in health-promoting work breaks, known as Booster Breaks, from participants with extensive experience (6 months to 1 year) with these types of breaks. Methods On the basis of the story path method of inquiry, data were collected regarding past, present, and future time frames during extensive face-to-face interviews. Group consensus processes identified themes. Results The top-ranked benefit theme was experiencing positive feelings, followed by improved health and sense of team camaraderie. The three barrier themes were time constraints/interruption of work flow, lack of interest, and absence of organizational support. Conclusions As decision makers plan and implement health-promoting work breaks such as Booster Breaks, these findings indicate the benefits to emphasize and the barriers to counteract. Management support to sustain engagement is a priority.
Effect of lysozyme on the in vitro infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis

Lysozyme in concentrations up to seven times those found in human tears did not reduce thein vitro infectivity ofChlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, C, F, and L-1, using three different procedures for exposing the infectiveC. trachomatis inoculum to lysozyme.
Some Weyl Modules for Simple Algebraic Groups of Type B4 and D4

Let G be a simply connected, semisimple algebraic group of type B4 or D4 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. We determine the characters of certain simple modules for these groups by calculating the composition factors of the Weyl modules.
Locked Nucleic Acid Probes (LNA) for Enhanced Detection of Low-Level, Clinically Significant Mutations

The detection of clinically significant somatic mutations present at low level in a tissue sample represents a challenge in any laboratory. While several high sensitivity methods are described, the incorporation of these new techniques in a clinical lab may be difficult if the technology is not readily available or requires major changes in the workflow of the laboratory. Techniques that are robust and easily adapted to existing laboratory protocols are highly advantageous. In this chapter we describe the use of locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes to modify existing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocols which can then be sequenced by Sanger sequencing. LNA probes are used to enhance the sensitivity of Sanger sequencing to mutation frequencies below 1 %. The method is robust and is easily incorporated for assessment of any sample with low tumor content or low mutant allele burden.
Granulocytes and Mast Cells

This chapter provides an overview of granulocytes and mast cells. Granulocytes are, in turn, classified into three types according to the staining property of their cytoplasmic granules. Although mast cells are not found in the blood but occur in loose connective tissue, they are structurally and functionally similar to basophils. All four cell types are essential to the immune system. A system of granular leukocytes has evolved in a human that consists of three cell types: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. They develop in the bone marrow of adults and eventually enter the circulation where, travelling in the blood, they are in constant contact with the body. During inflammatory responses, these cells migrate through small blood-vessel walls and enter the tissue spaces. Neutrophils are active in phagocytosis and provide a ready mechanism for ridding the body of foreign material such as bacteria. Mast cells are similar structurally and functionally to basophils, but they are found in the connective tissue spaces. When immunoglobulin E is synthesized by plasma cells situated under the epithelium of certain regions, it is believed to have a strong affinity for the surface of basophils and mast cells.
Moral Emotions as Predictors of Workplace Bullying: Reducing the Likelihood of Bullying Perpetration

Research on dispositional antecedents to bullying behavior in the workplace has been sparse. Using a sample of 128 currently employed MBA students and advanced undergraduates, this study addressed ...
School Sabotage as a Form of Intimate Partner Violence: Provider Perspectives

This study examined provider perspectives on school sabotage. Service providers participated in semi-structured interviews exploring these questions: Are service providers aware of instances of school sabotage occurring? What are the tactics that service providers have observed? What do service providers identify as the key impacts of school sabotage? The following are the themes: (1) tactics of abusive partners include disruption of financial aid, physical violence or stalking at school, and disrupting academic efforts; (2) survivors experience consequences, including emotional and academic impacts; (3) abusers display emotions including jealousy, resentment, and insecurity; and (4) many survivors use education as a pathway to safety and opportunity.
Intestinal Drug Interactions Mediated by OATPs: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Findings.

In recent years, an increasing number of clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs) have been attributed to inhibition of intestinal organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs); however, only a few of these DDI results were reflected in drug labels. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of intestinal OATP-mediated pharmacokinetic-based DDIs, using both in vitro and clinical investigations, highlighting the main mechanistic findings and discussing their clinical relevance. On the basis of pharmacogenetic and clinical DDI results, a total of 12 drugs were identified as possible clinical substrates of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. Among them, 3 drugs, namely atenolol, celiprolol, and fexofenadine, have emerged as the most sensitive substrates to evaluate clinical OATP-mediated intestinal DDIs when interactions with P-glycoprotein by the test compound can be ruled out. With regard to perpetrators, 8 dietary or natural products and 1 investigational drug, ronacaleret (now terminated), showed clinical intestinal inhibition attributable to OATPs, producing ≥20% decreases in area under the plasma concentration-time curve of the co-administered drug. Common juices, such as apple juice, grapefruit juice, and orange juice, are considered potent inhibitors of intestinal OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 (decreasing exposure of the co-administered substrate by ∼85%) and may be adequate prototype inhibitors to investigate intestinal DDIs mediated by OATPs.
Phase transitions in the diffusion of light

We demonstrate a new phenomenon occurs in the propagation of light through random media. Due to different mechanisms of interaction, recurrent scattering of on-shell propagating fields is impeded by strongly localized evanescent couplings.
O cuidar como essência e ciência da enfermaria e dos cuidados médicos

Human Caring is part of the human condition and a way of Being Human. Caring is found throughout time. Moreover, thenotion of ‘caring’ in nursing has been a given throughout its history. In the past 3 decades or so, professional human caring has beenincreasingly acknowledged as the essence and core of professional nursing. This focus is evident in nursing practice, nursing theories,nursing curricula, and nursing’s philosophical and ethical perspective toward humanity and patient caring relationships. In this paper,I present the main tenets of works by means of which I have posited Caring as the disciplinary foundation for nursing and have putforward Caring Science as an evolved view of nursing and human sciences (WATSON,1979, 1985, 1999, 2005, 2008).
A study of speaker verification performance with expressive speech

Expressive speech introduces variations in the acoustic features affecting the performance of speech technology such as speaker verification systems. It is important to identify the range of emotions for which we can reliably estimate speaker verification tasks. This paper studies the performance of a speaker verification system as a function of emotions. Instead of categorical classes such as happiness or anger, which have important intra-class variability, we use the continuous attributes arousal, valence, and dominance which facilitate the analysis. We evaluate an speaker verification system trained with the i-vector framework with a probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) back-end. The study relies on a subset of the MSP-PODCAST corpus, which has naturalistic recordings from 40 speakers. We train the system with neutral speech, creating mismatches on the testing set. The results show that speaker verification errors increase when the values of the emotional attributes increase. For neutral/moderate values of arousal, valence and dominance, the speaker verification performance are reliable. These results are also observed when we artificially force the sentences to have the same duration.
Noninvasive Cardiac Radiation for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

BackgroundRecent advances have enabled noninvasive mapping of cardiac arrhythmias with electrocardiographic imaging and noninvasive delivery of precise ablative radiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We combined these techniques to perform catheter-free, electrophysiology-guided, noninvasive cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia. MethodsWe targeted arrhythmogenic scar regions by combining anatomical imaging with noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging during ventricular tachycardia that was induced by means of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD). SBRT simulation, planning, and treatments were performed with the use of standard techniques. Patients were treated with a single fraction of 25 Gy while awake. Efficacy was assessed by counting episodes of ventricular tachycardia, as recorded by ICDs. Safety was assessed by means of serial cardiac and thoracic imaging. ResultsFrom April through November 2015, five patients with high-risk, refractory ventricular tachyc...
Interactions of Family History of Breast Cancer with Radiotherapy in Relation to the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Purpose We examined associations between a family history of breast cancer and the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women who received or did not receive radiotherapy. Methods Our study included 2,440 women enrolled in the Breast Cancer Registry of Greater Cincinnati. Information on breast cancer risk factors, including detailed family history of breast cancer, characteristics of the primary tumor, treatment received, and recurrence status was collected at baseline and via updates. Associations between a family history of breast cancer and the risk of breast cancer recurrence were examined separately in women treated with and without radiotherapy using survival analysis. Results Over an average follow-up time of 8.78 years, we found no associations between a family history of breast cancer and the risk of breast cancer recurrence among women with a history of radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.23). Among women who did not receive radiotherapy, the total number of relatives with breast cancer was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.47). We found no interactions of radiotherapy with family history (p-interaction >0.05). Conclusion Radiotherapy for a primary breast cancer in women with a family history of breast cancer does not increase risk of breast cancer recurrence. If these findings are replicated in future studies, the results may translate into an important health message for breast cancer survivors with a family history of breast cancer.
Spending by Commercial Insurers on Chemotherapy Based on Site of Care, 2004-2014.

This database study analyzes trends in infused chemotherapy services performed in the physician office or hospital outpatient setting for commercially insured patients with cancer.
The end of the liberal order in Europe

The two works reviewed here complement each other. The first is by American journalist James Kirchick,1 a fellow at the Foreign Policy Initiative and a correspondent for the Daily Beast who has als...
The Rate of Drug-Receptor Interactions

The rate of a drug-receptor reaction, like that of most chemical reactions, is generally not predictable, even if all the reactants and their concentrations are known. In almost all cases the reaction rate must be measured experimentally. This is particularly true in biological systems, where the rate of a chemical reaction can be strongly influenced by the local environment in which the reaction occurs. Adding to the difficulty of uncovering the true rate of the drug-receptor interaction is the limitation imposed by measurement techniques. Unlike most chemical reactions, the changes in concentration of two of the components of the drug-receptor interaction (i.e., the receptors and the drug-receptor complex) are generally not easily monitored. Furthermore, the rate-limiting step of the overall process may actually be the response time of the measurement equipment.
Breed effects and heterosis in advanced generations of composite populations for preweaning traits of beef cattle.

The effects of heterosis for gestation length, dystocia, calf survival, birth weight, 200-d weight, and ADG from birth to weaning were evaluated in F1, F2, and combined F3 and F4 generations in three composite populations. Breed effects were evaluated for the nine parental breeds (Red Poll, Hereford, Angus, Limousin, Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh, Simmental, and Charolais) that contributed to the three composite populations. Breed effects were significant for all traits evaluated except survival at birth. The large differences among breeds in additive direct and additive maternal genetic effects offer a great opportunity to use the genetic differences among breeds to achieve and maintain optimum additive genetic (breed) composition to match genetic resources to a wide range of production-marketing ecosystems. There was no heterosis for gestation length. Mean heterosis for dystocia was significant estimated in F1 but not in F2 or in the combined F3 and F4 generations. Mean heterosis was not significant in any generation for survival at birth, to 72 h, and to weaning for the F1 generation; mean heterosis was significant for survival to weaning for the F2 generation and approached significance (P = .06) for the combined F3 and F4 generations. Mean heterosis over all composite populations and heterosis for each composite population were significant in all generations for weight at birth and at 200 d and for ADG from birth to weaning. Retained heterosis was not less than expected from retained heterozygosity in composite populations for the traits evaluated. These results suggest that heterosis for these traits likely is due to dominance effects and, thus, can be attributed to the recovery of accumulated inbreeding depression in the parental breeds.
Adult Mortality Risks and Religious Affiliation: the Role of Social Milieu in Biodemographic Studies

L'objectif de l'article est de preciser comment l'appartenance religieuse modifie le risque de deces. La base de donnees de la population de l'Utah est ici utilisee afin d'etudier la mortalite generale d'un echantillon d'hommes et de femmes maries qui ont survecu a leur quarantieme anniversaire. Les individus appartiennent aux generations 1850-1919, ils sont suivis pendant toute leur vie et se situent a l'epoque de la transition demographique. Les membres actifs de Eglise des Mormons presentent une mortalite inferieure a celle des membres non actifs ou des non-Mormons, difference qui se maintient si l'on tient compte des hierarchies socio-economiques. Les ecarts sont plus forts pour les âges medians et pour les generations nees le plus recemment. L'appartenance a l'Eglise mormone est aussi plus discriminante pour les hommes que pour les femmes. Ces observations empiriques confirment le role des pratiques de sante et du soutien social dans les liens entre l'engagement religieux et la plus faible mortalite.
Rarefaction and Liquefaction Shock Waves in Regular and Retrograde Fluids with Near-Critical End States

Near-critical states are obtained behind reflected liquefaction shock and rarefaction waves in shock tube experiments. Thermodynamic properties C ν , c, and Γ (nonlinearity coefficient) are determined using a near-critical, linear parametric equation of state, and the possibility of rarefaction shocks are investigated based on these results. The power law behavior of C ν as predicted by the parametric EOS is incorporated into a BWR type classical EOS using a switching function. Hence a single EOS, valid over an extended temperature range, can be used in shock calculations with reasonably accurate predictions in the critical region.
Cardiac Rehabilitation for Women.

Cardiac rehabilitation provides comprehensive secondary prevention services and improves outcomes among patients with coronary heart disease, systolic heart failure, and other cardiac rehabilitation indications. Worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation services are underutilized. Underutilization is more common among women than in men. This chapter reviews barriers to referral, enrollment, and adherence among women and potential interventions to improve women’s participation in cardiac rehabilitation. Gender similarities and differences in clinical, behavioral, and health outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation are addressed, and gaps in the evidence base are discussed, pointing to areas of future research.
Papaverine and its derivatives radiosensitize solid tumors by inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism

Tumor hypoxia reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy by limiting the biologically effective dose. An acute increase in tumor oxygenation before radiation treatment should therefore significantly improve the tumor cell kill after radiation. Efforts to increase oxygen delivery to the tumor have not shown positive clinical results. Here we show that targeting mitochondrial respiration results in a significant reduction of the tumor cells' demand for oxygen, leading to increased tumor oxygenation and radiation response. We identified an activity of the FDA-approved drug papaverine as an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. We also provide genetic evidence that papaverine's complex I inhibition is directly responsible for increased oxygenation and enhanced radiation response. Furthermore, we describe derivatives of papaverine that have the potential to become clinical radiosensitizers with potentially fewer side effects. Importantly, this radiosensitizing strategy will not sensitize well-oxygenated normal tissue, thereby increasing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy.
Assessment and Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveThere is evidence that children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) have a higher incidence of behavioral disorders. Assessment of behavioral health in this population is often complica...
Automated Pruning of Greenhouse Indeterminate Tomato Plants

Pruning of indeterminate tomato plants is vital for a profitable yield and it still remains a manual process. There has been research in automated pruning of grapevines, trees, and other plants, but tomato plants have yet to be explored. Wage increases are contributing to the depleting profits of greenhouse tomato farmers. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of automating the process of finding greenhouse tomato pruning points. The algorithm proposed in this work can preprocess the image, classify the skeleton, calculate the intersection point statistics, identify, and mark the suckers read in the image with a 97% true positive detection rate using a dataset with 100 images.
1932. Healthcare Utilization in Older vs. Younger Adults on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy According to Discharge Location.

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults may require increased supervision during outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), particularly those discharged home vs. a skilled nursing facility (SNF).MethodsWe performed a quality improvement project of all patients initiated on OPAT during admission to Yale New Haven Hospital between October 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017. Descriptive data were collected. Healthcare utilization according to discharge location was assessed in older (age ≥65 years) vs. younger (age <65 years) adults in the 6 months following OPAT initiation. Differences between groups were assessed using x2 and t tests.ResultsWe identified 450 patients initiated on OPAT. Table 1 shows descriptive characteristics. Median OPAT duration was 31 days (range 1–155) for older adults and 34 days (range 1–183) for younger adults. Discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) was more likely in older (71%, N = 139/197) vs. younger (42%, N = 105/253) adults (P < 0.0001) following OPAT initiation. However, there was no difference in healthcare utilization according to discharge location (Table 2). Healthcare utilization was also similar between older and younger adults across antimicrobials (Figure 1).Table 1:Descriptive Characteristics on OPAT InitiationCharacteristicAge P-Value≥65 Years, N = 197<65 Years, N = 253Age in years, median (range)75 (65–105)54 (18–64)–Male gender, N (%)125 (63%)150 (59%)0.37White race, N (%)160 (81%)187 (74%)0.12Length of stay in days, mean (STD)12.1 (9.5)12.5 (8.3)0.71Discharge disposition<0.0001 Home with self-care, N (%)8 (4%)26 (10%) Home with services, N (%)41 (21%)107 (42%) SNF, N (%)139 (71%)105 (42%)Table 2.Healthcare Utilization in 6 Months After OPAT InitiationSNFHome≥65 Years, N = 139<65 Years, N = 105 P Value≥65 Years, N = 49<65 Years, N = 133 P ValueHospitalizations, mean (SD)0.5 (1.3)0.3 (1.4)0.380.5 (1.5)0.2 (1.1)0.18ED visits, mean (SD)3.1 (2.9)4.0 (5.7)0.152.6 (2.5)2.2(2.4)0.26Office visits, mean (SD)1.5 (1.4)1.8 (1.8)0.111.4 (1.4)1.5 (1.2)0.84Phone calls, mean (SD)3.0 (4.3)3.2 (4.9)0.822.7 (4.0)2.3 (4.2)0.65 ConclusionRegardless of discharge home vs. SNF, there was no difference in healthcare utilization between older and younger adults. These findings affirm the safety of home OPAT in older adults.Disclosures M. Juthani-Mehta, Iterum Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.
Pediatric Palliative Care

The field of pediatric palliative care offers unique opportunities for pediatric psychologists to participate in enhancing the quality of life of children living with life-threatening conditions. As a member of a comprehensive care team, the role of a palliative care provider is broad and varied depending on the needs of the child and family, which include symptom management, assistance with medical decision-making, establishing goals of care, end-of-life planning, and bereavement follow-up. Consultation and support for staff and trainees are additional vital roles of the palliative care team. Whether serving as a formal member of the palliative care team or working in collaboration, contributions specific to the pediatric psychologist include psychological assessment, individual and/or family psychotherapy, and guidance to the family and medical team. Central to and cutting across all roles are the cultural and spiritual aspects of care, which are often intertwined with the ethical dilemmas that arise when children, families, and medical teams struggle to determine “the right thing to do” when facing the possibility of death. Multiple barriers to the provision of optimal palliative care exist across all levels of the health-care system. Among them is the still prevalent view that curative and palliative care are mutually exclusive when, in fact, concurrent care is the foremost goal.
Chapter 146 – Juvenile Hormones

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the juvenile hormones (JHs) chemistry, biological action. JHs together with ecdysteroids orchestrate the expression of larval-specific genes each time the insect molts to a new stage. These morphogenetic effects include determination of an immature body form and internal organs, hardness and color of the cuticle, and accompanying physiology and behaviors. At the conclusion of larval development, JH levels drop at critical times, allowing ecdysteroids to program expression of pupal and adult characteristics. JHs return in the adult stage, in which they have gonadotropic functions in connection with reproduction. In addition to their morphogenetic and gonadotropic actions, JHs are involved in dormancy and various types of polyphenisms, including caste determination in social insects. The JHs are lipophilic sesquiterpenoid derivatives of farnesoic acid. Their chemical nature came into focus in the early 1960s, beginning with observations that farnesoid components of beetle excreta had JH-like activity in bioassays. The presence of JHs in the blood promotes expression of juvenile characters, chief among these being an immature body form or morphology. For insects such as grasshoppers, which undergo incomplete metamorphosis, the effects are not so visible outwardly. The early stages look like miniature adults except for the absence of wings, but they also lack functional reproductive organs.
Violence Against Queer and TGNC People of Color

The presence of violence is widespread in the queer/gender minority community. Certain subgroups of this population, including queer people of color (QPOC) and transgender and gender-nonconforming people of color (TGNCPOC), are at a heightened risk of experiencing violence related to their multiple minority identities. Both qualitative and quantitative research have found that queer and transgender POC experience elevated rates of systemic, interpersonal, and identity-related violence. The multiple minority statuses of race, sexual orientation, and gender identity represent compounded minority stressors for queer and transgender POC, indicating that additional minority identities increase an individual’s risk for violence victimization.
Comparison of forward and backward postural perturbations in mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background Assessing postural stability in Parkinson’s disease (PD) often relies on measuring the stepping response to an imposed postural perturbation. The standard clinical technique relies on a brisk backwards pull at the shoulders by the examiner and judgement by a trained rater. In research settings, various quantitative measures and perturbation directions have been tested, but it is unclear which metrics and perturbation direction differ most between people with PD and controls. Objectives (1) Use standardized forward vs. backward perturbations of a support surface to evaluate reactive stepping performance between PD and control participants. (2) Evaluate the utility of using principal components analysis to capture the dynamics of the reactive response and differences between groups. Methods Sixty-two individuals participated (40 mild-to-moderate PD, off medication). Standardized rapid translations of the support surface were applied, requiring at least one step, backward or forward, to restore balance. The number of steps taken and the projection of the first principal component (PC1) of the center of pressure (COP) time series were entered in linear repeated-measures mixed effect models. Results Forward falls required significantly fewer steps to recover than backward falls. PC1 captured more than half of the variance in the COP trajectory. Analysis of the PC1 projection revealed a significant interaction effect of group (PD vs. controls) by direction, such that there was a group difference in forward stepping, but not backward. Significance Forward reactive stepping in PD differed from controls more than backward-stepping. PC1 projections of the COP trajectory capture the dynamics of the postural response and differ between PD and controls.
Robust Machine Learning Using Diversity and Blockchain

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used in several smart city-based applications. However, ML is vulnerable to adversarial examples that significantly alter its desired output. Therefore, making ML safe and secure is an important research problem to enable smart city-based applications. In this chapter, a mechanism to make ML robust against adversarial examples for predictive analytics-based applications is described. The chapter introduces the concept of diversity where a single predictive analytic task is separately performed using heterogeneous datasets, or ML algorithms, or both. The given diversity components are implemented in distributed platforms using federated learning and edge computing. The diversity components use blockchain to ensure that the data is transferred safely and securely between distributed components such that edge and federated learning devices. The chapter also describes some of the challenges that should be met while adopting diversity mechanism, distributed computation, and blockchain to secure ML.
Prehospital Variables Alone Can Predict Mortality After Blunt Trauma: A Novel Scoring Tool:

BackgroundWe sought to develop a novel Prehospital Injury Mortality Score (PIMS) to predict blunt trauma mortality using only prehospital variables.Study DesignThe 2017 Trauma Quality Improvement P...
Embodied Motivation: Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Approach and Avoidance in Virtual Reality

This study investigates how object affordances modulate approach and avoidance behaviors in virtual reality (VR). The primary hypotheses are that 1) motivational relevance shapes facilitation or in...
The Managerial Turn in Environmental Policy

After several decades’ worth of federal and state regulatory intervention, the quality of the environment in the United States is markedly better today that it was at the founding of the modern environmental era. Nevertheless, environmental regulation remains the target of intense criticism, either for imposing high costs on industry or for failing to address significant environmental problems such as climate change. Environmental law’s twin challenges of excessive costs and unmet needs have prompted growing calls for new regulatory approaches. One such approach directly targets firms’ management of their environmental impacts. Rather than mandating the attainment of emissions targets or the adoption of pollution control technologies, a management-based approach to environmental protection recognizes that polluting firms’ internal management can affect their environmental performance. As explained in this article, experience to date suggests that management-based strategies can sometimes prompt changes in industry behavior and improvements in environmental outcomes. Although a management-based approach is certainly no cure-all for environmental problems, it can be a useful instrument in the policy toolkit, especially for environmental problems that stem from a diverse set of actors, present no clear one-size-fits-all solution, and lack a feasible way for regulators to monitor compliance with performance goals.Posted paper, uploaded January 2010, is the published version of the working paper originally posted March 2009.
Embedded Sensors for Biomimetic Robotics via Shape Deposition Manufacturing

One of the greatest successes of biologically-inspired design has been the development of mechanically robust robots. One promising biomimetic fabrication technique is shape deposition manufacturing (SDM), which alternates material deposition and machining to produce robot structures with compliant joints and embedded actuation elements. In this paper, we add to the tools available to robot designers by describing the development of a range of sensing modalities. These include Hall-effect sensors for joint angle sensing, embedded strain gauges for 3 axis force measurements, optical reflectance sensors for tactile sensing, and piezoelectric polymers for contact detection. We demonstrate these sensors in the context of a simple robotic grasper using the biomimetic SDM process to simplify fabrication and produce robust sensing mechanisms
Acousto-optic imaging of absorbing structures using multiply scattered light

Summary form only given. The relatively weak attenuation of diffuse light as compared to ballistic light makes its use attractive for medical and biological imaging. A number of techniques have been developed to exploit diffuse light in imaging. These include imaging with diffuse photon density waves and the reconstruction from time-resolved transmission measurements. We have attempted to utilize acousto-optic modulation of diffuse light for imaging. We point out the consequences of the incoherent nature of the signal for tomographic imaging and demonstrate imaging of absorbing structures embedded within a strongly scattering medium with a resolution of approximately 2 mm. The sample that is excited by an ultrasound beam is illuminated by a laser beam.
Diversity of heat-stable genotype specific resistance to Meloidogyne in Maranon races of Lycopersicon peruvianum complex

Accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum complex and their F1progenies were screened for genotype specific resistance to Mi-1-avirulent M. incognita and M. javanica biotypes at25 °C and at 32 °C (a temperature at which Mi-1resistance is not expressed), and to Mi-1-virulent M.incognita at 25 °C. All entries of the L. peruvianumChotano-humifusum race accessions LA2157 and LA2334 were resistantto Mi-1-avirulent biotype at 25 °C and at 32 °C,indicating that the accessions are homozygous for the heat-stableresistance. The L. peruvianum Maranon race accessions LA1626,LA1708, LA2172, LA2185, LA2326 and LA2328 segregated for heat-stableresistance to Mi-1-avirulent biotype. The F1 progeny tested ofLA392 × LA2157, LA2334 × LA2157, LA2328 × LA2326,LA2328 × LA2185, LA1708 × LA2328 andLA1626 × LA2172 were resistant to Mi-1-avirulent biotype at32 °C. There were differences in the segregating accessions andF1 hybrids for expression of heat-unstable and heat-stable resistanceto Mi-1-avirulent Meloidogyne spp. The L. peruvianumLA392 and LA2163 and L. chilense LA1968, LA1972, LA2404, LA2405,LA2406, LA2748, LA2930, and the L. peruvianum × L.chilense hybrids were homozygous susceptible with all entries testedsusceptible at 32 °C. Cuttings of these L. peruvianumaccessions and their F1 progenies were susceptible to Mi-1-virulent M. incognita biotype at 25 °C.
The implantation of natural tooth form bioglasses in baboons. A preliminary report.

Abstract This report describes a 6-month screening study comparing the tissue responses of several bioglass natural tooth implants in adult female baboons. The dental implants were designed to elicit osteogenesis at the interface of the implant and the oral tissues. This is in contrast to those types of implant materials that are merely biologically acceptable. Incisor teeth were extracted, duplicated in bioglass, returned to the natural sockets, and splinted to the adjacent natural tooth, where they remained splinted for 3 months and then free standing for an additional 3 months. Microscopic evaluation revealed distinct histopathologic characteristics with certain bioglass formulas, such as ankylosis, a pseudofibrous capsule with fibers running parallel to the root surface, or an apparently true periodontal membrane with properly oriented Sharpey's fibers. True cementogenesis was not found.
The Penrose photoproduction scenario for NGC 4151: A black hole gamma-ray emission mechanism for active galactic nuclei and Seyfert galaxies

A consistent theoretical interpretation is given for the suggestion that a steepening of the spectrum between X-ray and gamma ray energies may be a general, gamma-ray characteristic of Seyfert galaxies, if the diffuse gamma ray spectrum is considered to be a superposition of unresolved contributions, from one or more classes of extragalactic objects. In the case of NGC 4151, the dominant process is shown to be Penrose Compton scattering in the ergosphere of a Kerr black hole, assumed to exist in the Seyfert's active galactic nucleus.
The Anaerobic Incorporation of 32P into Adenosine Triphosphate by Hymenolepis diminuta

The anaerobic incorporation of 32P into ATP by the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta was studied in the presence and absence of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and anticestodal agents. Low concentrations of all compounds tested inhibited this incorporation. Under the anaerobic conditions employed, internal ATP concentrations remained constant in spite of the inhibition of the incorporation of exogenous 32P into ATP. On the other hand, removal of carbon dioxide, which is required by the helminths for optimal anaerobic carbohydrate utilization, produced a marked decrease in both 32P incorporation and ATP levels. These findings indicate the presence of an anaerobic phosphorylation site associated with electron transport. Mitochondrial preparations obtained from H. diminuta rapidly exchange 32P into ATP upon incubation in the absence of exogenous substrates. This exchange reaction is inhibited also by uncouplers and anticestodal agents. In addition, fumarate was reduced by NADH in aged or partially disrupted mitochondria of the worm, and no cytochrome oxidase activity was demonstrable.
Hemoglobin D/B+ Compound Heterozygote with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

A 10 years old child presented with progressive pallor since birth and history of jaundice and abdominal distension since 4 months.Investigations revealed a positive Direct antiglobulin test and a diagnosis of Autoimmune hemolytic anemia was made.Steroids were given and patient responded to it as per laboratory investigations and alleviation of jaundice, but clinically pallor persisted.Hemoglobin Electrophoresis revealed a significant percentage of Hb D and A2, suggestive of HbD/B+ trait that was later confirmed by parents’ screening.
Interrogating "Blackness": Race and Identity‐formation in the African Diaspora

Crosscurrents: West Indian Immigrants and Race. Milton Vickerman. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. xi. 2)1 pp. (Paper US$15.00) Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Mary C. Waters. Cambridge, MA, and London, UK: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press, 1999. xii. 413 pp. (Cloth US$40.00)
An unusual case of cardiac dysfunction after left ventricular reconstruction

This report describes an unusual cause of low cardiac output after coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular remodeling. It details left ventricular remodeling techniques and discusses the most recent advances and outcomes. As well, significant attention is paid to the issues surrounding failure to separate from cardiopulmonary bypass.
Lattice-Boltzmann model for bacterial chemotaxis

We present a new numerical approach for modeling bacterial chemotaxis and the fate and transport of a chemoattractant in bulk liquids. This Lattice-Boltzmann method represents the microorganisms and the chemoattractant by quasi-particles that move, collide, and react with each other on a two-dimensional numerical lattice. We use the model to simulate traveling bands of bacteria along self-generated gradients in substrate concentration in bulk liquids. Particularly, we simulate Pseudomonas putida that respond chemotactically to naphthalene dissolved in water. We find that only a fraction of a bacterial slug injected into a domain containing the chemoattractant at constant concentration forms a traveling band as the slug length exceeds a critical value. An expanding bacterial ring forms as one injects a droplet of bacteria into a two-dimensional domain.
A comparison study of laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

Abstract Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) has been previously described, but a comparative study between laparoscopic and open GBP has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of laparoscopic GBP with those of open GBP for treatment of morbid obesity. Study Design: From August 1998 to September 1999, we prospectively collected outcome data on 35 patients with body-mass indices between 40 kg/m 2 and 60 kg/m 2 who underwent laparoscopic GBP. Demographics, operative data, perioperative complications, and weight losses were collected and compared with those obtained from a retrospective chart review of 35 patients with body-mass indices between 40 kg/m 2 and 60 kg/m 2 who underwent open GBP before August 1998. Results: Age, gender, preoperative body-mass index, preoperative comorbidity, and earlier abdominal surgery were similar in both groups. All laparoscopic operations were completed without conversion to laparotomy. Mean operative time, operative blood loss, length of intensive care stay, and length of hospital stay were significantly less after laparoscopic GBP than after open GBP (p Conclusions: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is technically feasible and safe. Laparoscopic GBP confers the clinical benefits of laparoscopy and an initial weight loss similar to that of open GBP.
Update on fused capromab pendetide imaging of prostate cancer.

Abstract The primary objective of this overview is to apprise clinical urologists and oncologists of the current state of fused multimodality imaging of prostate cancer, which can be applied to optimize treatment by ensuring that a patient's disease is characterized as well as current imaging technology permits. The focus of this study is the monoclonal antibody capromab pendetide, which targets prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II membrane glycoprotein strongly associated with prostate cancer. Identifying where capromab pendetide uptake occurs can be done accurately if this functional imaging modality is combined with a modality that provides anatomic detail, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Image fusion, or coregistration, which is overlaying the functional images of capromab pendetide uptake on the anatomic CT or MRI images, provides a detailed map of cancer localization inside and outside the prostate gland. This same principle of fusing functional images on anatomic images is the basis for enormous growth of positron emission tomography with CT during the past 2 years. Positron emission tomography imaging has a different functionality base than does capromab pendetide, and thus the 2 modalities should be complementary. However, the key to both functional imaging modalities is accurate fusion with anatomic images, which is illustrated in our case reports. The cases cited demonstrate the need to optimize every phase of imaging from patient preparation to reading and reporting increased PSMA concentration seen on the fused images. Reference is also made to applying capromab pendetide/CT fused imaging to radiation therapy planning.
Macrophage migration from an agarose droplet: A Micromethod for assay of delayed hypersensitivity in the mouse

Abstract The agarose droplet migration inhibitory factor (MIF) method was used to assay MIF synthesis by peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with M. tuberculosis H37Ra or EL-4 murine lymphoma. The results demonstrate the usefulness of this technically simple MIF method in the mouse, a species in which limited cell yields have complicated the use of other MIF methods for assessment of cell-mediated immunity.
Power consumption overhead for proxy services on mobile device platforms

As mobile data consumption increases, several venues of research investigate energy efficiency and optimizations, oftentimes realized through on-device services; optimization approaches based around on-device optimizations in turn need to overcome the power consumption added by these services. We present a measurement framework for the power consumption of mobile devices based on the Pandaboard (mobile) development platform using the Android operating system. Utilizing the framework, we perform power consumption evaluations for basic web requests as well as HTML5 video streaming to a mobile browser in (i) direct connection and (ii) indirect connections through a mobile proxy server on the device, which represents a baseline for application layer optimization approaches. We find that using the local proxy server on the device for web requests results in very limited overheads, both in terms of power consumption and added delays which tend to remain request size independent. HTML5 video streaming through the proxy service incurs an average energy consumption penalty of approximately one percent. Our findings corroborate that even smaller realized optimization gains through services on mobile devices themselves are not usurped by the service enablers consuming mobile CPU cycles.
Tomographic analysis of dilute impurities in semiconductor nanostructures

We describe the application of pulsed-laser atom probe (PLAP) tomography to the analysis of dopants and unintentional impurities in Si and Ge nanowires grown by the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. PLAP tomography was used to determine the concentration of phosphorous in Ge nanowires and B in Si nanowires, enabling comparisons of the atomic concentrations of the reactants with those of the reaction products. Oxygen impurities were also detected, but the contribution from background gas adsorption was not ruled out. Gold catalyst impurities were not detected, and an upper bound of 5 ppm was established. Intrinsic and extrinsic origins of the detection limits of dopants and other impurities are described in detail. A tapered nanowire geometry was found to improve the mass resolution and signal-to-noise ratio by increasing the tip cooling rate. Simulations of nanowire cooling under laser pulsing were used to validate this improved approach to PLAP analysis of nanowires.
Urethroscopy, Cystoscopy, and Biopsy of the Feline Lower Urinary Tract

This article discusses the utility and limitations of urethroscopy and cystoscopy in both male and female cats. The special equipment and techniques necessary to adequately visualize the urethra and bladder of female cats are described in some detail. The emerging ability to visualize the male urethra is introduced. Photographs taken through the cystoscope are used to illustrate both normal anatomy and lesions likely to be encountered with cats with lower urinary tract disease. Cystoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for an inclusionary and exclusionary diagnosis of interstitial cystitis (sterile idiopathic inflammation).
Equations of high frequency vibrations of thermopiezoelectric crystal plates

Abstract A system of two-dimensional equations is derived for high frequency motions of crystal plates accounting for coupling of mechanical, electrical and thermal fields.