cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How I treat breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently described form of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma now formally recognized by the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. The disease most often presents with a delayed seroma around the breast implant, almost exclusively one with a textured surface, and manifests with breast pain, swelling or asymmetry, capsular contracture, but can also present with a breast mass, and lymph node involvement. The prognosis of BIA-ALCL is favorable compared to many other subtypes of systemic T-cell lymphoma, however unlike other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, complete surgical excision for localized disease is an important part of the management of these patients. In this manuscript we share our recommendations for a multidisciplinary team approach to the diagnosis, work up, and treatment of BIA-ALCL in line with consensus guidelines by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Conducting critical ethnography: Personal reflections on the role of the researcher:

Critical ethnography is conducted to uncover areas of oppression with a desire to listen to the voices of the oppressed in an effort to empower. This method can highlight strengths to build upon to...
Morphological, molecular and phylogenetic characterisation of Eimeria macyi Wheat, 1975 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis (Müller) from Mississippi, USA

In November 2017, oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria macyi Wheat, 1975 were isolated from the faeces of a single eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis Muller in Lowndes County, Mississippi, USA. Sporulated oocysts, morphologically consistent with previous accounts of E. macyi in other chiropterans, were spherical to sub-spherical in shape with a highly mamillated outer wall that appears bi-layered. Oocysts allowed to sporulate in 2.5% potassium dichromate at ambient temperature (c.23°C) for 7 days were 17–25 × 15–20 (20.7 × 17.9) µm. Micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent with one to two polar granules scattered among sporocysts. The four ovoid sporocysts were 7–12 × 6–8 (9.9 × 7.1) µm. Stieda bodies were prominent and sub-Stieda bodies were present. Two sporozoites were reflexed within each sporocyst. Nuclear 18S rRNA gene, plastid 23S rRNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were sequenced from sporulated oocysts and compared to other molecular data of Eimeria spp. from rodent and chiropteran hosts. No sequence data in the NCBI database matched E. macyi. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data of the 18S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes placed E. macyi within a clade containing Eimeria spp. from rodents and basal to a clade populated by sequences derived from Eimeria spp. of rodents and bats. This account represents a new host record of E. macyi in an eastern red bat and a new geographic locality. Additionally, the cox1 sequence data of Eimeria macyi represents the first mitochondrial sequence of an Eimeria sp. in bats.
Burnout and Job Satisfaction: The Case of Physical Education Teachers in Local Sports Organizations

The aim of the present study is to investigate the professional burnout and job satisfaction among physical education teachers who work in local sports organizations of Attica region in Greece. Questionnaires were distributed in 9 municipalities of Attica region and 120 physical education teachers were purposively selected to respond. The research results show that on the one hand, gender isn’t correlated with burnout, while age had a small but statistically significant relationship with burnout. On the other hand, men appear more satisfied than women. It was also found that organizational features affect both burnout and job satisfaction. In other words, role ambiguity reduces burnout and increases job satisfaction, while role conflict increases burnout and reduces job satisfaction. Finally, it is was observed that employees exhibited low burn out and high job satisfaction. These results confirm other studies that pointed out physical education teachers’ low levels of burnout and high levels of job satisfaction.
Information Quality: The Nexus of Actionable Intelligence

Information quality (IQ) plays a critical role in the ability of a high-level information fusion (HLIF) system of systems (SoS) to achieve actionable intelligence (AI). Whereas the need for information quality management in traditional information systems has been understood for some time, and its issues are fairly well mitigated, the challenges pertaining to the relatively new field of high-level information fusion remain significant. Principal and unique among these challenges are the multitude of issues which arise from the inherent complexity in high-level information fusion system of systems and which permeate throughout the various interdependent phases of its life cycle. Actively managing information quality in HLIF is essential in ensuring that they do not adversely impact decision-making and the ability to determine the best course of action (COA). Accordingly, in an effort to advance this critical facet of high-level information fusion, this chapter proposes an end-to-end framework that enables (a) the development of an information quality meta-model (IQMM), (b) the characterization of information quality elements, (c) the assessment of impacts of information quality elements and their corresponding mitigation, and (d) the integration of these aforementioned objectives within the HILF processes and life cycle.
Carrying Buddha into the Streets: Buddhist Socialist Thought in Modern Japan

While individuals and movements openly advocating “Buddhist socialism” only begin to appear in Japan in the first decade of the twentieth century, germs of the idea can be traced back to the writings of a few scholars and social activists of the 1880s. One example of the latter is the Eastern (or Oriental) Socialist Party (Tōyō Shakaitō 東洋社会党), founded by TARUI Tōkichi 樽井藤吉 (1850–1922) in 1882. Though the party was short-lived – setting a dubious precedent for left-wing parties over the next 50 years in being forcibly suppressed by the government within months of its inception – the writings of Tarui and other founding members were, for their day, quite radical, and provide an early example of the tension involved in attempting to transform the world – “make it new!” to use the modernist catchphrase – while remaining true to one’s cultural (and religious) roots. The “draft of the party’s regulations” (J. Tōyō Shakaitō tōsoku sōan 東洋社会党党則草案), written by Tarui, contains 17 articles, along with a number of sub-clauses. Here, we see several of the tensions that would haunt Japanese experiments in progressive and radical Buddhism over the next several decades. First is the natural but difficult attempt to “indigenize” socialism by appealing to traditional Asian concepts and ideas; second is the appeal to the East Asian values of peace and harmony, which was frequently accompanied, among early socialists, with an appeal to the Emperor as benevolent protector of the social welfare of the Japanese people. This essay will explore socialist movements and their connection to Buddhist ideas in modern Japan.
An Immersive Virtual Environment for Teleoperation of Remote Robotic Agents for Everyday Applications in Prohibitive Environments

There are currently important limitations in allowing for a more efficient man-machine collaboration in environments hostile to human presence. An immersive and intuitive user interface has the potential to bridge the gap between the human and the robot he/she is tasked to operate in the remote environment. In this work, we propose a novel architecture that allows for collecting large amount of sensory data to build models of the world and its inhabitants and present this information to the teleoperator of the robot. This environment maintain interfaces that are intuitive to the operator and accurately represents the robot’s real-world state and environment. The proposed game client is capable of handling multiple users, much like a traditional multiplayer game, while visualizing multiple robotic agents operating within the real world. A set of user studies are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed architecture compared to traditional tele-robotic applications. The experimental results show significant improvements in both task completion time and task completion rate over traditional tools.
Peers, Perceptions, and E-Cigarettes: A Social Learning Approach to Explaining E-Cigarette Use Among Youth:

This study uses social learning theory to examine whether differential associations with e-cigarette-using peers is related to personal e-cigarette use among youth, and the extent to which this rel...
Differential Chemokine Expression in Tissues Involved by Hodgkin's Disease: Direct Correlation of Eotaxin Expression and Tissue Eosinophilia: Presented in part at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, held in San Diego, CA, December 5-9, 1997.

Abstract Hodgkin's disease (HD) is a lymphoid malignancy characterized by infrequent malignant cells surrounded by abundant inflammatory cells. In this study, we examined the potential contribution of chemokines to inflammatory cell recruitment in different subtypes of HD. Chemokines are small proteins that are active as chemoattractants and regulators of cell activation. We found that HD tissues generally express higher levels of interferon-γ–inducible protein-10 (IP-10), Mig, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and eotaxin, but not macrophage-derived chemotactic factor (MDC), than tissues from lymphoid hyperplasia (LH). Within HD subtypes, expression of IP-10 and Mig was highest in the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype, whereas expression of eotaxin and MDC was highest in the nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype. A significant direct correlation was detected between evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the neoplastic cells and levels of expression of IP-10, RANTES, and MIP-1α. Levels of eotaxin expression correlated directly with the extent of tissue eosinophilia. By immunohistochemistry, IP-10, Mig, and eotaxin proteins localized in the malignant Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and their variants, and to some surrounding inflammatory cells. Eotaxin was also detected in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells of vessels. These results provide evidence of high level chemokine expression in HD tissues and suggest that chemokines may play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cell infiltrates into tissues involved by HD.
Myocardial Preservation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often incur myocardial injury during the perioperative period. The greatest risk of injury occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass. Common strategies to prevent myocardial damage during bypass focus on minimizing oxygen demand: cardioplegia, left ventricle venting, and intentional hypothermia. Optimization of myocardial oxygen supply and demand during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass also help prevent myocardial injury.
Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Using Negative Pressure Massage: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of negative pressure massage treatment (NPMT) compared with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) in women with chronic breast cancer–related lymphedema (LE). We hypothesized that NPMT would result in greater improvements in LE and upper limb function. Design Pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting Health sciences university. Participants Of 64 women screened, 28 met eligibility requirements (ie, >18y of age; completed active treatment for breast cancer; had unilateral arm LE for ≥1y; were not receiving LE care; had stable LE) and were randomized to the NPMT (n=15) and control groups (n=13). Interventions The intervention group received NPMT and the control group received MLD; both received twelve 60-minute sessions over 4-6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Bioimpedance (lymphedema index [L-Dex] units]), limb volume (mL) calculated from limb circumference, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH) score. Results Outcomes were analyzed for 28 women. Compared to the MLD group, the NPMT group demonstrated greater improvement with a large effect size in L-Dex scores (P=.001; standardized mean difference [SMD]=−1.15; 95% confidence interval, −1.96 to −0.35) and interlimb volume differences (P=.038; SMD=−0.83; 95% confidence interval, −1.60 to −0.05). Differences in DASH scores were not statistically significant (P=.067). Conclusions Compared to MLD, treatment with NPMT resulted in greater improvement in L-Dex scores and interlimb volume differences in women with a duration of unilateral upper limb LE of >1 year. Our findings need to be confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial.
The Attitude of Graduate students toward Research and their Intention to Conduct Research in the Future

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between cognitive and affective attitude of students toward research and their intention to conduct research. To support the objective of the study, theories along human attitude and human behaviour, the concept of academic research were reviewed and studies in line with the current study was also reviewed. The study uses descriptive correlational and quantitative study. The population of the study was all Master in Business Administration students of Divine Word Colleges in Ilocos Region. The data were gathered through validated questionnaires. To interpret the data, the statistical tools were used such as weighted mean was applied to determine the level of cognitive and affective attitude of students and their behavioural intention to conduct research. While Pearson r was used to determine the relationship between cognitive and affective attitude and behavioural intention to conduct research. The study found that there is a correlation between cognitive and affective attitude, both positive and negative attitude, toward research and the intention to conduct research. Thus, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.
Autoregressive conditional skewness

We present a new methodology for estimating time-varying conditional skewness. Our model allows for changing means and variances, uses a maximum likelihood framework with instruments, and assumes a non-central t distribution. We apply this method to daily, weekly, and monthly stock returns, and find that conditional skewness is important. In particular, we show that the evidence of asymmetric variance is consistent with conditional skewness. Inclusion of conditional skewness also impacts the persistence in conditional variance.
A Green Steel Deal: Toward Pro-Jobs, Pro-Climate Transatlantic Cooperation on Carbon Border Measures

The climate crisis is the most important long-term challenge facing policymakers around the world. Addressing it will require deep economic transformations within and across national borders, and a mix of ambition and pragmatism about what nations’ individual political and legal constraints will permit. So far, existing approaches have failed to produce the necessary levels of emissions reduction. President Biden’s election, however, offers a chance for a new beginning. This working paper reviews the intersection of climate and trade policy, and in particular the divergent paths that conversations on decarbonization are taking in the US and European Union (EU). While the EU has made carbon pricing central to its decarbonization policy, the Biden administration has promised a new approach that deploys regulatory tools (standards) and industrial policy (investments). Both the US and the EU recognize the need to support their domestic decarbonization policies with a trade policy that prevents carbon leakage and reduces the embedded carbon consumed domestically via international trade. But the divergence in domestic approaches could put the two trading partners on an unnecessary collision course where trade is concerned. We argue that the US, the EU, and like-minded countries should harvest an early win in the fight against the climate crisis by imposing a common external tariff on carbon-intensive steel imports, while — as the Paris Agreement contemplates — allowing each other flexibility to pursue a range of decarbonization strategies domestically. Over time, this sectoral strategy — common external trade barriers on carbon-intensive imports combined with flexibility to choose among a range of domestic decarbonization measures — can and should be expanded to other industries. The steel industry is the ideal sector in which to begin transatlantic cooperation on trade and climate. It is one of the largest emitters of carbon in the manufacturing sector, is on track to consume 50 percent of available carbon budgets by 2050, is highly exposed to trade, and is already subject to extensive policy controls over which the US and EU are in negotiations. These elements make it an excellent candidate for an early demonstration both of how climate cooperation could be achieved later in other tradable industries and how trade policy can advance climate objectives. Our primary point of entry into this conversation is through governance and trade law questions, including at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our analysis foregrounds legal and political constraints. In so doing, our hope is to offer a structure that sets activists, policymakers, economists, engineers, and others up for demonstrable success. And by converting a climate-blocking industry into a climate-supporting industry, the proposal alters climate politics and makes future climate supporting action more likely.
Automated machine learning for endemic active tuberculosis prediction from multiplex serological data

Serological diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) is enhanced by detection of multiple antibodies due to variable immune responses among patients. Clinical interpretation of these complex datasets requires development of suitable algorithms, a time consuming and tedious undertaking addressed by the automated machine learning platform MILO (Machine Intelligence Learning Optimizer). MILO seamlessly integrates data processing, feature selection, model training, and model validation to simultaneously generate and evaluate thousands of models. These models were then further tested for generalizability on out-of-sample secondary and tertiary datasets. Out of 31 antigens evaluated, a 23-antigen model was the most robust on both the secondary dataset (TB vs healthy) and the tertiary dataset (TB vs COPD) with sensitivity of 90.5% and respective specificities of 100.0% and 74.6%. MILO represents a user-friendly, end-to-end solution for automated generation and deployment of optimized models, ideal for applications where rapid clinical implementation is critical such as emerging infectious diseases.
Sex differences in methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases in ventral striatum

Sex differences in the prevalence of dopamine-related neuropsychiatric diseases and in the sensitivity to dopamine-boosting drugs such as stimulants is well recognized. Here we assessed whether there are sex differences in the brain dopamine system in humans that could contribute to these effects. We analyzed data from two independent [11C]raclopride PET brain imaging studies that measured methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases in the striatum using different routes of administration (Cohort A = oral 60 mg; Cohort B = intravenous 0.5 mg/kg; total n = 95; 65 male, 30 female), in blinded placebo-controlled designs. Females when compared to males reported stronger feeling of "drug effects" and showed significantly greater dopamine release in the ventral striatum (where nucleus accumbens is located) to both oral and intravenous methylphenidate. In contrast, there were no significant differences in methylphenidate-induced increases in dorsal striatum for either oral or intravenous administration nor were there differences in levels of methylphenidate in plasma. The greater dopamine increases with methylphenidate in ventral but not dorsal striatum in females compared to males suggests an enhanced sensitivity specific to the dopamine reward system that might underlie sex differences in the vulnerability to substance use disorders and to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
50 Year Old Male with Dark Red Rash Inside Mouth and Left Axillae

A 50 year old slightly obese HIV+ male presents with a rash on his left axillae and in his mouth.
Governance of Global Mobile Money Networks: The Role of Technical Standards

Mobile money has the potential to be an effective policy instrument for financial inclusion in developing countries, but it also has the potential to fuel money laundering and terrorist financing. The 2012 revised Financial Action Task Force standards attempt to strike a workable balance between the goals of financial inclusion and financial integrity in developing countries. Mobile money schemes are mostly based in national markets, however, and are not normally designed to address the need of poor migrants for cheap, effective cross-border remittance services. Demand for such cross-border remittance services may drive the development of technical standards to build global markets from national ones. As in other global governance contexts, regulatory competition among both developed and developing countries is likely to arise, and be shaped by network externalities, the economics of platform markets, and new governance institutions as well as national government strategies. If such standard setting efforts treat compliance with AML/CTF as requirements, then the growth of global networks might promote both inclusion and the development of “integrity by design” in global mobile money technologies. Co-regulatory mechanisms already in place in the US and EU for managing the interface between technical standards and legislation might provide some helpful models for accomplishing this. Ensuring that the governance of global mobile money networks is effective, legitimate, and accountable from the perspective of stakeholders in both developed and developing economies will be difficult, however.
Overview of Sensory Principles and Practices

In this chapter we describe the rules of thumb that guide our thinking through the maze of sensory science. We find that these rules are not complete treatises on each topic, but they are quick reminders to whole chapters of information that should be kept in mind when designing, performing, and analyzing sensory studies. It is important to remember that these rules are heuristics and guidelines, and that they should not be followed slavishly but weighed as to their value in a particular situation. They are necessarily generalizations. The specific goals, requirements, and resources available for a specific test or program will sometimes dictate deviations from these principles. Nonetheless, they are applicable to a variety of situations and so are useful to know and keep in mind when planning and executing sensory evaluations or experiments.
Abstract P297: Alcohol Consumption and Cardiac Biomarkers

Background: Excess alcohol consumption can lead to myocardial dysfunction. However, whether novel cardiac biomarkers tests can detect subclinical myocardial damage and wall stress in asymptomatic populations exposed to alcohol is currently unknown. Objective: To characterize the association of alcohol consumption with subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by a novel highly sensitive assay for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and wall stress, as assessed by N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Methods: Using data from the community-based ARIC Study we examined the cross-sectional association of categories of self-reported alcohol consumption with cardiac biomarkers among 10,381 individuals without cardiovascular disease (1990-92). We also examined the prospective association of alcohol consumption with 6-year change in cardiac biomarkers in a subset of participants (n=8,972 for hs-cTnT and n=9,060 for NT-proBNP), who had each biomarker measured at two time points. Incident elevated NT-proBNP was defined as ≥300 pg/mL. Results: Cross-sectionally, compared to those drinking ≤ 1 drink/week, those drinking moderately (2-7 drinks/wk) and high (8+ drinks/wk) amounts of alcohol had significantly lower levels of hs-TnT (Figure). We found no significant association in the prospective analyses of alcohol and hs-cTnT. In contrast, high alcohol consumption was associated with elevated NT-proBNP (Figure). Prospectively, compared to those drinking ≤ 1 drink/week, those drinking 8-14 drinks/week and 15+ drinks/week had increased risk of incident elevation of NT-proBNP RRR=1.77(95%CI 1.19-2.63) and RRR=2.83 (95%1.66-4.85), respectively. Conclusions: We found a weak protective effect of moderate and high alcohol consumption on myocardial damage. In contrast, opposite effect was observed for subclinical wall stress. These findings are consistent with the observed elevated risk of hypertension and stroke with alcohol consumption.
An intersystemic comparison of instability in foreign trade

Abstract Japan's exports to and imports from selected groups of nations are monitored from 1974 to 1986. A heterogeneous group of 16 free market economies is compared to 10 centrally planned economies in Eastern Europe (including the Soviet Union) and East Asia. In order to facilitate the comparison, the data are in yen at Japanese market prices. Two separate methods of measuring the fluctuations in trade are considered. It is found that Japan's trade with centrally planned economies is substantially more volatile than her trade with free market economies.
MCP: An Energy-Efficient Code Distribution Protocol for Multi-Application WSNs

In this paper, we study the code distribution problem in multi-application wireless sensor networks (MA-WSNs), i.e., sensor networks that can support multiple applications. While MA-WSNs have many advantages over traditional WSNs, they tend to require frequent code movements in the network, and thus here new challenges for designing energy efficient code dissemination protocols. We propose MCP, a stateful Multicast based Code redistribution Protocol for achieving energy efficiency. Each node in MCP maintains a small table to record the interesting information of known applications. The table enables sending out multicast-based code dissemination requests such that only a subset of neighboring sensors contribute to code dissemination. Compared to broadcasting based schemes, MCP greatly reduces signal collision and saves both the dissemination time and reduces the number of dissemination messages. Our experiments results show that MCP can reduce dissemination time by 25% and message overhead by 20% under various network settings.
A semiempirical model for atmospheric gamma rays from 0.3 to 10 MeV at a geomagnetic latitude of 40 deg

A model of atmospheric gamma rays based on the concept of source function is proposed for atmospheric depths from 0 to 500 g per sq cm and for an energy range of 0.3-10 MeV at a geomagnetic latitude of 40 deg. Since the source function is derived from measured fluxes, the proposed method is referred to as a semiempirical model. This model derives a source strength directly from measurements with an omnidirectional counter, thereby being an inverse of previous approaches. Source strengths are determined for 38 predicted atmospheric gamma ray lines and for 10 different energies in the continuum. Total and directional fluxes are calculated at two different atmospheric depths. The results are found to be consistent with other measurements and theoretical calculations.
Effectively Scheduling Parallel Tasks and Communications on Networks of Workstations

Coordinating parallel tasks and minimizing communication delays are two important issues for the design of scheduling policies on networks of workstations. We address the two issues by presenting a scheduling scheme, called self-coordinated local scheduling. It consists of two parts: computation scheduling and communication scheduling. The computation scheduler on each workstation schedules its parallel task and local user jobs independently based on a static power preservation in that workstation so that parallel tasks on different workstations are executed at the same pace to achieve a global coordination. To minimize the communication latency, each local scheduler uses a non-preemptive strategy to try to make communication activities complete as soon as possible. The scheduling scheme is evaluated by simulating the execution of four NAS benchmark programs, and comparing it with a Unix based scheduling policy and the co-scheduling policy. Our experiments show that the power preservation in each workstation guarantees the performance of both parallel and local jobs. Furthermore, the communication delay is reduced significantly by the communication scheduling compared with a spinning based scheme and a Unix based scheme. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-9102854 and CCR-9400719, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant AFOSR-95-1-0215, and by the Office of Naval Research under grant ONR-951-1239. Xing Du is on leave from Computer Science Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R.China.
Diethylstilbestrol-exposed monozygotic twins discordant for cervicovaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

Monozygotic, 17-year-old, female twins exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero and discordant for cervicovaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma are reported. Benign teratologic changes were present in both. The twin with cancer was treated by extensive operation and postoperative irradiation. No tumor has appeared in either twin in the 4 years subsequent to therapy. Discordance for cervicovaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma in this situation suggests that factors other than embryonic exposure to DES, extrauterine in location and nongenetic in character, were operative in tumorigenesis. The twins were compared in regard to lifetime radiation exposure and evidence of previous viral disease. The only substantial difference was an elevated titer of antibody in the twin with cancer to the capsid antigen of the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus with oncogenic capability.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A FREELY-BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED

Abstract A mathematical model has been developed and tested to predict bed expansion and void fraction for a freely-bubbling fluidized bed. Neither bubble size nor rise velocity appear in the final equations. The model predicts that the void fraction does not depend on the shape and size of the gas bubbles and that the main hydrodynamic parameters of the flow for a freely bubbling system do not depend on the physical properties of the solids and gas nor on the geometric characteristics of the gas distributing device. Experiments were performed using air and nitrogen as the fluidizing gas and various solids ranging from cracking catalyst to aluminum-coated steel pellets in two sizes of columns (305mm and 609mm in diameter). Bed expansion was measured from pressure drop profiles obtained from piezoelectric transducers and visual observation through viewing ports over pressures ranging from ambient to 34.5 bars. Bed expansion data was also obtained in a 76.2mm diameter column at ambient conditions for different solids. Knowlton (1974) also obtained data in the 305mm diameter column for various solids at pressures ranging up to 69 bars. Lewis et. al (1949) obtained a large data bank on bed expansion for glass spheres and miscellaneous solids at ambient conditions in small diameter columns (63.5 and 114mm diameter). For 104 data points obtained from the large columns, the predicted relative bed expansion has an average absolute deviation from experiment of 10% with approximately 72% of this data having an absolute deviation of 5%. For small column data, 111 data points show an average deviation of 20% between predicted and experimental relative bed expansion, with 79 of these data points within 10%. The larger scatter obtained between predicted and experimental bed expansions for the small column data is attributed to wall effects not accounted for by the model.
Positive strands to the rescue again: A segmented negative-strand RNA virus derived from cloned cDNAs

The very large group of negative-strand RNA viruses* includes some of the most serious and notorious pathogens of great medical and economic importance (1). These viruses are subdivided into those with segmented, negative-strand genomic RNAs [the Orthomyxoviridae (e.g., influenza viruses), Bunyaviridae (>300 viruses, including Bunyamwera), and Arenaviridae (e.g., Lassa fever)] and those with nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA genomes [Rhabdoviridae (e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies), Paramyxoviridae (e.g., measles and respiratory syncytial virus), and Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses). The paper by Bridgen and Elliott (2) in this issue of the Proceedings is an important milestone because it reports the first complete recovery of a segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, the Bunyamwera virus, starting from DNA copies of the genome segments. Interestingly, in achieving this recovery, the authors applied a methodology that was developed for the nonsegmented viruses rather than the helper virus methodology developed for the segmented influenza virus. This system will now allow detailed molecular genetic analysis of all aspects of bunyavirus replication and could prove important in vaccine development as well. The rescue of Bunyamwera virus from DNA has its roots in a technical revolution that has occurred in negative-strand RNA virology over the past several years. Understanding of the rescue system requires a brief history of the baroque methods already applied to recovery of other negative-strand RNA viruses from DNA copies. Analysis of both positive- and negative-strand RNA viruses using directed mutagenesis requires that one be able to recover the virus from a DNA copy of the RNA genome. This breakthrough came early with positive-strand RNA viruses, where the genomic RNA itself acts as mRNA and is infectious. Plasmid DNAs encoding positive-strand RNA genomes of the bacteriophage Qβ or poliovirus yielded RNAs that would regenerate complete infectious viruses (3, 4), and this has now been achieved …
Executive functioning and psychological adjustment in children and youth with spina bifida

Children and adolescents with spina bifida are at risk for poor neuropsychological functioning and psychological outcomes. The relationship between executive functioning and psychological adjustment is an area worthy of investigation in this population. The current study assessed executive functioning and psychological outcomes in a group of children and adolescents with spina bifida (SBM) (n = 51) and nondisabled controls (n = 45). A mediation model was hypothesized, such that Metacognition, as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), mediated the relationship between group status (spina bifida versus nondisabled controls) and psychological outcomes. Results indicated that metacognitive skills fully explained the relationship between group and internalizing and depressive symptoms as reported by mothers. In particular, specific components of the BRIEF Metacognition composite were most responsible for this relationship, including Initiate, Working Memory, and Plan/Organize. The study limitations include its cross-sectional nature that precludes drawing conclusions about causality. The results have implications for treatment interventions for children and adolescents with spina bifida and typically developing individuals.
The ultrastructural localization of fibrinogen at the erythrocyte surface and in the capillary endothelium.

During a study of lung surfactant, incidental findings of significance regarding blood and capillaries were obtained. Tricomplex flocculation revealed stained material at the erythrocyte surface. This material had two components: (1) flocculant deposits in the cortical cytoplasm and (2) erythrocyte associated globules (EAG's) showing a distinctive internal fine structure. The EAG's were immediately apposed to the outer leaflet of the plasmalemma as a variably incomplete extraneous coat. Pinocytotic vesicles also contained stainable material having an internal fine structure which was identical to the EAG. Of the various plasma proteins studied, only fibrinogen stained with the morphology of the EAG. On the basis of this distinctive morphology it is suggested that the EAG and the vesicular contents are fibrinogen or a derivative thereof.
The "House Calls" Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Racial Disparities in Live Donor Kidney Transplantation: Rationale and Design☆ , ☆☆

Despite a substantially lower rate of live donor kidney transplantation among Black Americans compared to White Americans, there are few systematic efforts to reduce this racial disparity. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the comparative effectiveness of three different educational interventions for increasing live donor kidney transplantation in Black Americans. This trial is a single-site, urn-randomized controlled trial with a planned enrollment of 180 Black Americans awaiting kidney transplantation. Patients are randomized to receive transplant education in one of three education conditions: through group education at their homes (e.g., House Calls), or through group (Group-Based) or individual education (Individual Counseling) in the transplant center. The primary outcome of the trial is the occurrence of a live donor kidney transplant, with secondary outcomes including living donor inquiries and evaluations as well as changes in patient live donor kidney transplantation readiness, willingness, knowledge, and concerns. Sex, age, dialysis status, and quality of life are evaluated as moderating factors. Findings from this clinical trial have the potential to inform strategies for reducing racial disparities in live donor kidney transplantation. Similar trials have been developed recently to broaden the evaluation of House Calls as an innovative disparity-reducing intervention in kidney transplantation.
Racism and Police Brutality in America

What, if any, changes have occurred in the nation’s police departments 21 years after the Rodney King beating? To answer this question, this study examined findings provided by the National Police Misconduct Statistics and Reporting Project (NPMSRP). An additional goal of this study was to examine how the public generally perceive police and how race and racism shape this discourse. To answer this secondary question, we examined narratives provided by 36 contributors to the NPMSRP site. The following two questions were foundational to this study: (1) What do findings from the NPMSRP suggest about the rate of police brutality in America? (2) How do individuals perceive the police department, and what implications do these perceptions hold for Black men in America? In general, fatalities at the hands of police are higher than they are for the general public. Grounded theory analysis of the data revealed that individuals perceive members of law enforcement in the following ways: (a) contempt for law enforcement, (b) suspicion of law enforcement, (c) law enforcement as agents of brutality, and (d) respect for law enforcement. Supporting qualitative data are presented in connection with each of the aforementioned themes.
Ferrite formation in neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steel

Abstract Magnetic measurements were carried out on type 316, 321 and three modified heats of 316 austenitic stainless steels that had been irradiated to high fluences (1 − 8 × 1022n/cm2, E > 0.1 MeV) in EBR-II at temperatures ranging from 450–700°C. Most of the specimens showed increases of magnetization after exposure to the reactor environment that can be attributed to formation of numerous small ferrite particles. The amount of ferrite formed during irradiation is a function of alloy composition as well as irradiation temperature and fluence. Specimens with low molybdenum concentrations had a greater ferrite content than specimens with the normal molybdenum content of type 316 stainless steel. A modified heat of type 316 with 0.23 wt% Ti had lower levels of ferrite under given irradiation conditions than the other heats. Some particles with diffraction patterns corresponding to the ferrite phase were found in an irradiated type 321 stainless specimen, but none were observed in the type 316 stainless specimens.
The structure of field-evaporated surfaces☆

Abstract An attempt has been made to calculate the evaporation fields for metals at 0 °K using the model developed by Gomer and Swanson 1 ). Polarisation corrections have been estimated and the results differ appreciably from those obtained previously by Muller 2 ) in that most metals are expected to evaporate as multiply charged ions within a relatively narrow range of field strength. The stable evaporation endform is a complex balance between field enhancement at the site of an evaporating atom and binding energy and local polarisation effects. Variations in crystallographic orientation, local geometry and atomic species all contribute to the final endform. The temperature dependence of the evaporation rate and evaporation field has been calculated and are shown to be at variance with the observations so far reported. The effect of temperature on the evaporation endform has also been evaluated and has been shown to be greatest in the region of the high index planes.
Doxycycline and protein folding agents rescue the abnormal phenotype of familial CJD H187R in a cell model

Abstract Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) comprises a group of neurodegenerative disorders for which currently there is no treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of drugs approved for human use, and protein folding agents in reversing the mutant phenotype of familial CJD H187R in a cell model. For an efficient experimental readout, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged mutant prion protein (PrP 187R-GFP ) and wild-type PrP (PrP C-GFP ) were expressed in human neuroblastoma cells. We report that unlike PrP C-GFP that is expressed on the cell surface, PrP 187R-GFP accumulates in the lysosomes of transfected cells. Treatment of PrP 187R-GFP cells with quinacrine or doxycycline, agents known to inhibit the replication of PrP-scrapie (PrP Sc ) in experimental models, gave conflicting results; doxycycline reverted the mutant phenotype of PrP 187R-GFP cells, whereas quinacrine had no effect. The concentration of doxycycline used in these studies is well within the plasma concentration of patients receiving a 250–600 mg dose two to three times daily. Interestingly, exposure of PrP 187R-GFP cells to low temperature (28°C) or to the chemical chaperones dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and glycerol also reversed the mutant phenotype. These data suggest that doxycycline and protein folding agents may hold promise as therapeutic agents for familial CJD H187R and other familial disorders that share similar pathogenic mechanisms.
Mechanical comparison of biplanar proximal closing wedge osteotomy with plantar plate fixation versus crescentic osteotomy with screw fixation for the correction of metatarsus primus varus.

Proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy is a clinically successful technique for correcting metatarsus primus varus in hallux valgus surgery. However, there have been instances of dorsal elevation...
The Dynamic Simulation of Flow Through a Tissue Engineered Bileaflet Heart Valve

Approximately 250,000 patients diagnosed with valvular heart disease undergo valve repair/replacement surgery annually worldwide [1, 2]. Despite being over 50 years old, heart valve replacement technology, with the choice of mechanical or bioprosthetic, remains imperfect. The 10-year mortality rate after replacement is 30–55%, with reoperation rates of 2–4% per year because of mechanical failure, bleeding and thromboembolic complications, and calcification. It is therefore imperative that design and analysis tools be developed for the biosolid and biofluid mechanics of potential replacement valves.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Characterization of an active-site peptide modified by glyoxylate and pyridoxal phosphate from spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.

Abstract Activated ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach was treated with glyoxylate plus or minus the transition-state analog, carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate, or the inactive enzyme with pyridoxal phosphate plus or minus the substrate, ribulose bisphosphate. Covalently modified adducts with glyoxylate or pyridoxal phosphate were formed following reduction with sodium borohydride. The derivatized enzymes were carboxymethylated and digested with trypsin; the labeled peptides which were unique to the unprotected samples were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Both glyoxylate and pyridoxal phosphate were associated with only one major peptide, which in each case was subjected to amino acid analysis and sequencing. The sequence was -Tyr-Gly-Arg-Pro-Leu-Leu-Gly-Cys(Cm)-Thr-Ile-Lys-Lys ∗ -Pro-Lys-, with both reagents exhibiting specificity for the same lysine residue as indicated by the asterisk. This peptide is identical to that previously isolated from spinach carboxylase labeled with either of two different phosphorylated affinity reagents and homologous to one from Rhodospirillum rubrum carboxylase modified by pyridoxal phosphate. The species invariance of this lysine residue, number 175, and the substantial conservation of adjacent sequence support the probability for a functional role in catalysis of the lysyl ϵ-amino group.
Identification of Force Coefficients in a Squeeze Film Damper With a Mechanical Seal: Large Contact Force

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) aid to reduce excessive vibration levels due to rotor imbalance and to raise stability thresholds in rotor-bearing systems. SFDs commonly include end seals to increase their damping capability with a lesser lubricant flow. Seals also aid to reduce the occurrence of air ingestion/entrapment that severely reduces the damper forced performance. However, most conventional end seals do not completely eliminate lubricant side leakage, which limits their effectiveness to prevent air ingestion. A novel end seal arrangement incorporates a spring loaded, contacting mechanical seal that effectively prevents lubricant side leakage and air ingestion. The mechanically sealed damper is intended for use in power engines for unmanned aircraft vehicles. The test damper journal is 2.54 cm in length and 12.7 cm in diameter, with a radial clearance of 0.127 mm. Prior literature reports dynamic load tests on the seal-SFD and measurements of orbital motions to characterize the mechanical parameters of both the mechanical seal and squeeze film damper section. The test data to date include damper operation for a single contact load (90 N) closing the mechanical seal. Presently, measurements of damper dynamic load performance are conducted with a larger contact force (260 N). A nonlinear parameter identification method in the frequency domain determines simultaneously the squeeze film damping and inertia coefficients and the seal dry-friction force. The test results show that the system equivalent viscous damping coefficients are twice as large as those obtained earlier with the smaller contact force. On the other hand, as expected, the squeeze film damper coefficients are nearly identical for both test configurations. Predicted squeeze film damping coefficients, from an improved model that includes the flow in the damper feed and discharge grooves, correlate well with the test data for small and moderate orbit radii. The experimental fluid added mass coefficients are in par with the actual mass of the bearing housing and accurately predicted.