cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ion–molecule reactions and dissociation of glycols in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer: Evidence of intramolecular interactions

Polyethylene glycol react with CH 3 OCH 2 + ions from dimethyl ether to form [M + 13] + products. The [M + 13] + ions are stabilized by intramolecular interactions involving the internal ether oxygen atoms and the terminal methylene group. Collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), including MS n and deuterium labeling experiments show that fragmentation reactions involving intramolecular cyclization are predominant. Scrambling of hydrogen and deuterium atoms in the ion-molecule reaction products is not indicated. The CAD spectra of the [M + 13] + ions provide unambiguous assignment of the glycol size
Cusp for high and low merging rates

[1] The traditional distinction between the cusp for northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions is deficient in that many, if not most, “northward” IMF cusp encounters closely resemble southward IMF encounters. Partly for that reason, “southward” IMF cusps have been far more often examined than “northward. ” Recently, Newell et al. (2007) showed that the magnetopause merging rate, dΦMP/dt, much better predicts cusp latitude than does Bz (or Bs). Here, we investigate the extent to which high and low merging rate conditions better separates cusp encounters into mutually distinct classes. Indeed, high merging rate cusps (those with dΦMP/dt > 2* 〈dΦMP/dt〉) differ from low merging rate cusps (those with dΦMP/dt < 0.5〈dΦMP/dt〉) in several quantitative and even qualitative ways. High-energy (tens of keV) ions, apparently of magnetospheric origin, do not extend into the high merging rate cusp but frequently do for low merging rates. However, the dispersion curve for ions, apparently of magnetosheath origin, extends to several keV for high merging rates but only to 1–2 keV for low merging rates. The local time extent of the cusp is 2.33 hours MLT for low merging rate conditions and 3.45 hours MLT for high merging rate conditions. All high merging rate cusps show clear forward dispersion (declining energy with increasing latitude) with low-energy ion cutoffs within that dispersion. Low merging rates cusps rarely show forward dispersion, but about half, or slightly less, show reverse dispersion (declining energy with decreasing latitude) at the poleward edge of the cusp. Low-energy ion cutoffs in the low-merging rate cusp primarily occur only within that reverse dispersion. “Double” cusps, some with very clear latitudinal separation, occur in some high merging rate cases, but no low merging rate cases. The high merging rates cases also typically have a “shadow” region of electron-only precipitation at roughly polar rain energies and intensities, lying immediately equatorward of the main cusp. For low-merging rate conditions, the region immediately equatorward of the cusp (main magnetosheath ion population) contains ions as well as electrons, and forms a boundary layer.
ROUTINE COMPATIBILITY TESTING: STANDARDS OF THE AABB AS APPLIED TO COMPATIBILITY TESTS.

The results of a blood group antibody survey carried out with the cooperation of 20 blood grouping laboratories are given. These results are used in a discussion of the antiglobulin phase of compatibility tests as they are outlined in the AABB Standards for a Blood Transfusion Service. A total of 37,961 irregular antibodies were reported. 37,811 or 99.6% of these antibodies could be detected by routine screening procedures using a pool of red cells from two or three selected donors, provided the pool contained the red cell antigens present in more than 2.5% of the Caucasian population. Only 145 or 0.4% of the reported antibodies would not be detected by such a routine screening test due to the fact that they react with red cell antigens present in 0.5% or less of the Caucasian population. Based on the antibody survey and a report of the antibodies responsible for 222 hemolytic transfusion reactions reported from 18 of the laboratories, a case is made for the use of routine antibody screening before all crossmatching procedures. If a carefully controlled screening test is negative it seems unnecessary to carry out the antiglobulin phase of the crossmatch. The serum or saline and high protein phases are still obligatory. If the screening test is positive, the antibody can be identified, making possible selection of suitable donor bloods before crossmatching is undertaken.
Synthesis, structure and bonding of a sulphur-bridged alkyl imido dimerlc complex of molybdenum(V)☆

Abstract The dimeric molybdenum complex, Mo2 [NC(CH3)3]2 ( h 5 - C 5 H 5 ) 2 (μ- S ) 2 , has been synthesised and its molecular stereochemistry determined by a 3-dimensional X-ray diffraction study. Crystals obtained from the reaction of t-butyl sulphur diimine with [( h 5 - C 5 H 5 ) Mo ( CO ) 3 ] 2 are monoclinic: P2 1 n with a = 15.486(2)A, b = 8.839(1)A, c = 7.787(1) A, β = 93.882(5) °, and Z = 2. The structure was determined by conventional Patterson and Fourier techniques and the 1244 independent diffractometer-collected reflections were refined by least-squares methods to R = 0.024. The structure consists of a dimeric molecule, the two halves of which are related by a centre of symmetry and linked via two bridging sulphur ligands and a Moz.sbnd;Mo bond of 2.920(1) A. The highlights of the structure, which include a molybdenum alkyl imido linkage, Mo = NR, and a planar Mo2(μ-S)2 unit will be discussed and compared with structural results on analogous complexes.
Gas-phase acidities of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and their amino acid amides

Abstract Gas-phase acidities (GA or ΔGacid) for the two most acidic common amino acids, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, have been determined for the first time. Because of the amide linkage's importance in peptides and as an aid in studying side chain versus main chain deprotonation, aspartic acid amide and glutamic acid amide were also studied. Experimental GA values were measured by proton transfer reactions in an electrospray ionization/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Calculated GAs were obtained by density functional and molecular orbital theory approaches. The best agreement with experiment was found at the G3MP2 level; the MP2/CBS and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ results are 3–4 kcal/mol more acidic than the G3MP2 results. Experiment shows that aspartic acid is more acidic than glutamic acid by ca. 3 kcal/mol whereas the G3MP2 results show a smaller acidity difference of 0.2 kcal/mol. Similarly, aspartic acid amide is experimentally observed to be ca. 2 kcal/mol more acidic than glutamic acid amide whereas the G3MP2 results show a correspondingly smaller energy difference of 0.7 kcal/mol. The computational results clearly show that the anions are all ring-like structures with strong hydrogen bonds between the OH or NH2 groups and the CO2− group from which the proton is removed. The two amino acids are main-chain deprotonated. In addition, use of the COSMO model for the prediction of the free energy differences in aqueous solution gave values in excellent agreement with the most recent experimental values for pKa. Glutamic acid is predicted to be more acidic than aspartic acid in aqueous solution due to differential solvation effects.
Applying Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury Formulas to Analyze the Free and Forced Responses of a Linear Structure Carrying Lumped Elements

A simple approach is proposed that can be used to analyze the free and forced responses of a combined system, consisting of an arbitrarily supported continuous structure carrying any number of lumped attachments. The assumed modes method is utilized to formulate the equations of motion, which conveniently leads to a form that allows one to exploit the Sherman-Morrison or the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formulas to compute the natural frequencies and frequency response of the combined system. Rather than solving a generalized eigenvalue problem to obtain the natural frequencies of the system, a frequency equation is formulated whose solution can be easily solved either numerically or graphically. In order to determine the response of the structure to a harmonic input, a method is formulated that leads to a reduced matrix whose inverse yields the same result as the traditional method, which requires the inversion of a larger matrix. The proposed scheme is easy to code, computationally efficient, and can be easily modified to accommodate arbitrarily supported continuous linear structures that carry any number of miscellaneous lumped attachments.
Changes in bacterial communities from swine feces during continuous culture with starch.

Abstract Bacteria from swine feces were grown in continuous culture with starch as the sole carbohydrate in order to monitor changes during fermentation and to determine how similar fermenter communities were to each other. DNA extracted from fermenter samples was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A significant decrease in diversity was observed, the Shannon–Weaver index dropped from 1.92 to 1.13 after 14 days of fermentation. Likewise, similarity of fermenter communities to those in the fecal inoculum also decreased over time. Both diversity and similarity to the inoculum decreased most rapidly in the first few days of fermentation, reflecting a period of adaptation. Sequencing of DGGE bands indicated that the same species were present in replicate fermenters. Most of these bacteria were placed in the Clostridium coccoides / Eubacterium rectale group (likely saccharolytic butyrate producers), a dominant bacterial group in the intestinal tract of pigs. DGGE proved useful to monitor swine fecal communities in vitro and indicated the selection and maintenance of native swine intestinal bacteria during continuous culture.
Multimodal Systemic Metamethodology: An Application to Edgar Morin’s Doctrine

This paper intends to show how multimodal system methodology can be interpreted as a metamethodology that can house different specific methodologies to be used in action-research.
Evidence-based assessment and management of childhood enuresis

Abstract Mild or moderate enuresis (night-time wetting twice/week or less) in children is common and often spontaneously resolves, whereas severe enuresis (wetting every night) is uncommon and resolution rates are poor particularly after 10 years of age. Accurate and informed assessment along with classification of enuresis by a health professional will inform prognosis and management. Monosymptomatic enuresis can be caused by nocturnal polyuria, inability to wake and a constitutionally small bladder with appropriate treatment being desmopressin or an alarm or a combination of both. Non-monosymptomatic enuresis is contributed to by bladder overactivity with appropriate treatment being bladder training and anticholinergics plus or minus desmopressin. Complications such as constipation, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder dysfunction or obstructive sleep apnoea warrant early, independent management. Knowledge of comorbidities, such as motor disorders or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, along with understanding of child and family factors, further refine and tailor management strategies. Current evidence-based strategies provide effective treatment for a condition that can impact on the self-esteem of children and the well-being of families.
Downward Earnings Mobility after Voluntary Employer Exits

A tacit assumption in much sociological scholarship on mobility that upward earnings mobility is the primary goal of American workers obscures the full range of mobility events. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for 1983 to 1992, this research demonstrates that voluntary downward earnings mobility is an important alternative path to the ideal of upward mobility in the United States. A model is developed of the determinants of voluntary downward earning mobility: Individuals trade pay as they are pushed out of jobs and pulled to new jobs by nonpecuniary factors valued more than pay. The model is largely supported.
Thermodynamic vs. kinetic control in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to 2,3-dicyano-p-benzoquinone

Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene (1a) to 2,3-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (2a), when performed in methanol solvent at ambient temperature, proceeds with kinetic control to afford 1α,4α,4aβ,8aβ-tetrahydro-5,8-dioxo-1,4-methanonaphthalene-4a,8a-dicarbonitrile (7, 77% yield). However, when this cycloaddition is performed by refluxing an equimolar solution of1a and2a in benzene for 3 h, the product of thermodynamic control, i.e., 1α,4α,4aα,8aα-tetrahydro-5,8-dioxo-1,4-methanonaphthalene-6,7-dicarbonitrile (3a) is obtained in 64% yield. The structure of3a was confirmed by an analysis of the reduced intramolecular photocyclization product,9.
A cardiothoracic surgery information system for the next century: Implications for managed care

The United States health care system is under tremendous pressure to cut costs while maintaining quality. One mechanism to reduce costs is managed care—a system with both risks and benefits for patients, providers, and payors, and one that requires large volumes of data to ensure optimal medical and financial decision-making. In this review, we describe the types of information needed by managed care systems, including medical outcome data (satisfaction, survival, quality of life, and complications) and financial data (costs and long-term resource utilization). From a provider's point of view, the customers for these data range from individual patients to large self-insured corporations, and we describe the data required for each potential customer. Finally, as a concrete example of how data can be collected and analyzed to improve a provider's competitiveness, we describe the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center cardiothoracic surgery database from a managed care perspective. The concepts presented are generalizable to other subspecialties, and will become more important in the increasingly competitive milieu of American health care.
Improved accuracy of multiquadric interpolation using variable shape parameters

Given N scattered data points, we examined the problem of finding N variable Multiquadric (MQ) shape-parameters, or R2 values. Because the problem of finding the optimal R2 values is a nonlinear one, we optimized these parameters numerically by minimizing the root-mean-square (RMS) errors. The resulting R2 values varied over many orders of magnitude. We have tested this approach on a number of univariate and bivariate (Franke's) problems, and found that the RMS error reduction was substantial.
Language: children think before they speak.

A linguistic contrast between English and Korean provides a telling test of different ideas about whether thought precedes the acquisition of language, or whether certain concepts are language-specific.
Presidential address: Time, our vanishing commodity, and a prescription for rescue.

Thank you Vice President Cantelmo for all those wonderful memories. I’ve often wondered why the introductions of presidents of surgical societies are by tradition like this, yet I’ve always enjoyed them. I especially enjoyed this one, because it sounded so familiar. Many of you may not have seen the president’s plaque (Fig 1) up close, with the gavel made from Bob Linton’s oar and the names of now 31 presidents, with Linton at number 1 and me at number 30, with lots of good people in between. I have looked at this on the wall in front of my desk every day for the past year, which brings me to express my sincere gratitude to all of you who have honored me by electing me your president this year. I was the youngest charter member of this society, and ever since those beginnings, 30-plus years ago, I always hoped I would become its president. Now that it has happened, I can say I have treasured the experience. Thank you so very much. I remember our very first meeting, in Waterville Valley. There were at best about 20 people present. One was the volunteered slide projectionist, my first fellow, Randy Maloney. There was no scientific program per se, only three invited talks. One was by Roger Weisman on sympathectomy, one by Nate Couch on embolism, and one by me on noninvasive diagnosis, then a very new and yet-to-be accepted subject. Bob Linton, our first president, missed the meeting, because of failing health. And in fact he never made another meeting. But I referred to his many contributions in my introduction to the Robert R. Linton Distinguished Address. And one is pivotal to my topic today, to which I will return.
The DeathFlip Project: Automating Death Date Revisions to Name Headings in Bibliographic Records

The 2005 revision of Library Congress Rule Interpretation 22.17, allowing the addition of death dates to personal name headings with open dates, had a significant impact on the maintenance of bibliographic records. The decision not to include open date forms as “see from” fields in revised authority records destined catalog maintenance staff to higher levels of manual review and editing. At Kent State University this prompted a search for better options and resulted in the creation of a shadow authority file intended solely for automated “flipping” of open date headings to the new forms. The file is available to other libraries for use and experimentation.
Thermal model of capillary electrophoresis and a method for counteracting thermal band broadening

Thermal band broadening is known to be caused by the temperature dependence of ionic mobility. This dependence also strongly influences the temperature of the capillary by providing positive feedback between the temperature and power density. Previous thermal models of capillary electrophoresis have not fully considered this “autothermal effect”. We show that it always causes a capillary to run hotter than is predicted by a constant conductivity model; temperature excursions two times greater are typical. We propose that the thermally induced parabolic distortion of the migration velocity can be countered with an opposing Poiseuille (pressure-driven) flow. Dispersion calculations indicate that it may be possible to obtain plate numbers in excess of 106 m-1 even in very large bore (400 μm) capillaries.
Response of plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen to hormone treatment and the relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer

Fibrinogen and plasminogen were measured in plasma samples from prostatic cancer patients before and after 3 months of treatment with either Premarin, Provera, Provera and diethylstilbestrol, one of three doses of diethylstilbestrol, or placebo. Plasminogen levels generally were increased significantly with the estrogens but were unchanged following placebo or Provera treatment. Pretreatment plasminogen levels in Study 3 were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in Study 2. Plasminogen pretreatment levels were significantly correlated with age, hemoglobin, body weight, and blood pressure. Fibrinogen pretreatment levels were significantly elevated above normal. They were not significantly correlated with age, hemoglobin, body weight, or blood pressure. Fibrinogen levels generally were significantly decreased by the estrogens. Comparisons of means of pretreatment fibrinogen and plasminogen levels from patients dying during the first year of the study with the mean pretreatment levels of the patient group alive after 1 year on study yielded no significant differences. Death rates were calculated by pretreatment plasminogen or fibrinogen for all treatments of all Stage III and Stage IV patients combined for Study 2 and Study 3 separately. Such rates were calculated for all causes combined and for deaths from prostatic cancer or cardiovascular disease separately. The levels of plasminogen were significantly negatively correlated with death rate from all causes combined and with cardiovascular disease considered separately, but not with death from prostatic cancer. The levels of fibrinogen were significantly positively correlated with death rates from all causes and nearly significantly with prostatic cancer, but not cardiovascular disease. Elevated pretreatment fibrinogen levels were associated with an increased proportion of deaths at 1 year from all causes and from cancer of the prostate.
A comparison of magnetic and electrical stimulation of facial nerve at the cerebello-pontine angle in the dog.

Abstract Magnetic stimulation is a painless, non-invasive technique which allows an alternative method for testing cranial nerves which were previously inaccessible. We compared the latency of muscle responses obtained by electrical stimulation of the facial nerve at the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) to high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 6 dogs. Evoked muscle response from the levator nasolabialis during electrical stimulation had a mean latency of 6.24 ± 0.42 msec, compared with a mean of latency of 6.13 ± 0.50 msec obtained by magnetic stimulation. Orbicularis oculi had a mean latency of 3.65 ± 0.34 msec compared with a mean latency of 3.53 ± 0.36 msec for magnetic stimulation. This suggests that high intensity TMS results in direct activation of the facial nerve as it exits the brain-stem in dogs. This observation is in accord with previous clinical studies that magnetic stimulation results in activation of the intracranial segment of the facial of the facial nerve in man.
Purification and Properties of Wild-type and Exonuclease-deficient DNA Polymerase II from Escherichia coli

Wild-type DNA polymerase II (pol II) and an exonuclease-deficient pol II mutant (D155A/E157A) have been overexpressed and purified in high yield from Escherichia coli. Wild-type pol II exhibits a high proofreading 3′-exonuclease to polymerase ratio, similar in magnitude to that observed for bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. While copying a 250-nucleotide region of the lacZα gene, the fidelity of wild-type pol II is high, with error rates for single-base substitution and frameshift errors being ≤10-6. In contrast, the pol II exonuclease-deficient mutant generated a variety of base substitution and single base frameshift errors, as well as deletions between both perfect and imperfect directly repeated sequences separated by a few to hundreds of nucleotides. Error rates for the pol II exonuclease-deficient mutant were from ≥13- to ≥240-fold higher than for wild-type pol II, depending on the type of error considered. These data suggest that from 90 to >99% of base substitutions, frameshifts, and large deletions are efficiently proofread by the enzyme. The results of these experiments together with recent in vivo studies suggest an important role for pol II in the fidelity of DNA synthesis in cells.
Partial oxidation of propane to acrolein in a dual bed inert membrane reactor

Abstract The partial oxidation of propane to acrolein is studied in a dual bed membrane reactor. A porous membrane tube is used to feed oxygen to the annular catalyst beds surrounding the porous section of the membrane tube. The distributed oxygen feed in the membrane tube lowers the partial pressure of oxygen in each bed increasing selectivity to the partially oxidized product over total oxidation. The first bed contained a V/MgO catalyst for the partial oxidation of propane to propene. The second bed consisted of a BiMo catalyst to convert propene to acrolein. Studied were conducted first in each bed separately to determine operating conditions in each bed and then in a dual bed configuration. The separate inert membrane reactors show improvement in selectivity of few % in comparison to fixed bed reactors. On the other hand when using both membrane reactors combined in a dual bed configuration a major improvement in acrolein selectivity of up to 21% was obtained. Catalysts characterization by surface area, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the improvement was due to the distribution of the oxygen flow rate through the membrane in the second membrane reactor which prevented the deactivation of the BiMo catalyst.
Effect of thermal cycling on the signal integrity and morphology of TSV isolation liner- SiO 2

This study is focused on understanding the effect of thermal cycling on the signal integrity characteristics of TSV isolation liner (SiO 2 ). The use of radio frequency (RF) signals is found to be a good metrology tool for the detection of discontinuities in the SiO 2 isolation liner. Signal degradation is found to scale with the attained number of thermal cycles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that void formation and growth in the SiO 2 isolation liner is the root cause for this observed trend. Therefore the life time of TSVs will be significantly affected by the SiO 2 isolation liner, thus, their understanding, engineering and optimization will be essential for prolonged high performance TSVs.
Techniques and Applications of the Simulated Pattern Adaptation of Wilkinson's Method for Advanced Microstructure Analysis and Characterization of Plastic Deformation

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) based Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) is used routinely at ~500 materials laboratories worldwide for the characterization and development of diverse crystalline materials. Statistically significant data sets (~107 individual EBSD measurements) can be collected and analyzed within time periods of acceptable beam stability (~105s). However, limitations in angular and spatial resolution have motivated a continued search for more robust EBSD-based methods. Herein is a gathered presentation of advanced techniques in use, intended as a guide to researchers in selecting the most appropriate method for their work. Wilkinson’s method has been shown to increase angular resolution nearly two orders of magnitude to ±0.006°, facilitating measurement of elastic strain, lattice curvature, and dislocation density. A simulated pattern adaptation of Wilkinson’s method extends these measurement capabilities to polycrystalline materials, by avoiding the need for an experimental strain free reference pattern. The angular resolution limit obtained is ~0.04°. Accurate pattern center calibration, essential to the high resolution methods, is accomplished by parallelization of band edges projected onto a sphere centered at the interaction volume. FFT powered cross-correlation functions improve the spatial resolution near grain boundaries and correct for measurement inaccuracies induced by overlapping patterns. To corroborate these claims, exemplary results taken from a wedge-indented nickel single crystal, cold-worked copper polycrystal, and rolled nickel polycrystal are shown.
A Protocol for Characterizing the Impact of Collateral Flow after Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

In humans and in animal models of stroke, collateral blood flow between territories of the major pial arteries has a profound impact on cortical infarct size. However, there is a gap in our understanding of the genetic determinants of collateral formation and flow, as well as the signaling pathways and neurovascular interactions regulating this flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that collateral flow between branches of the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can protect mouse cortex from infarction after MCA occlusion. Because the number and diameter of collaterals vary among mouse strains and after transgenic manipulations, a combination of methods is required to control for these variations. Here, we report an inexpensive approach to characterizing the cerebrovascular anatomy, and in vivo monitoring of cerebral blood flow as well. Further, we introduce a new, minimally invasive method for the occlusion of distal MCA branches. These methods will permit a new generation of studies on the mechanisms regulating collateral remodeling and cortical blood flow after stroke.
Pinch Blepharoplasty: A Safe Technique With Superior Results

The author has refined his lower blepharoplasty technique with the goal of eliminating scleral show and residual skin while maintaining normal eyelid posture. His technique involves fat removal and/or modification through a transconjunctival approach, aligning the lower eyelid globe and canthus with a stitch canthopexy, and measured excision of redundant skin with mastery of the “pinch” technique.
Regulation of Food Intake in Ruminants. 3. Variation in Blood and Rumen Metabolites in Relation to Food Intake

Abstract Biochemical concomitants of hunger and satiety were determined in dairy heifers and lactating cows. Two lactating Holstein cows were fed 5.45 kg grain and hay ad libitum once daily for a 6-hr period. Jugular blood and rumen samples were taken before feeding and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 20, and 24 hr thereafter. Rumen concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were increased (P
Dependence of X-ray transitions from the conduction band upon non-localized 3d electrons

Abstract The total intensities of the X-ray Kβ5 spectra of the transition metals Cr to Cu reach a minimum at iron. A plot vs. atomic number is the inverse of the Slater-Pauling curve. Thus, only non-localized d-electrons are responsible for the Kβ5 spectra.
Severe Reactions During Hemodialysis

Abstract Severe reactions during dialysis occurred in 1.7% of hemodialysis patients. Respiratory distress, agitatiion, pruritus, and alterations in BP were the dominant clinical findings, and one patient suffered a respiratory arrest. It is not clear whether this syndrome is due to toxic substances or to an allergic reaction, although the presence of eosinophilia in three of five affected patients would suggest the latter mechanism. Disconnecting the patient from the extracorporeal circuit invariably improved the symptoms. Current evidence implicates the dialyzer as the most likely culprit, and our experience suggests that none of the commonly used dialysis membranes are truly biocompatible.
Preparing Hospitality Organizations for Self-Service Technology

Self-service technology is rapidly changing the hospitality industry, providing new opportunities for the delivery of services and options for customers. Preparing to implement effective self-service technology delivery programs requires a workforce that can rapidly adapt to change. Understanding factors that influence employee readiness to engage in and support self-directed processes are an important consideration when implementing self-service technology. The results of the linear regression model in this study indicate that generalized self-efficacy and the self-directed learning readiness of employees in the hospitality industry are significantly related variables. While self-efficacy was the most highly correlated variable to the self-directed learning readiness of hospitality employees, future studies should consider other characteristics that may influence self-direction. As self-service technology continues to rapidly expand in all areas of the hospitality industry, opportunities and challenges e...
The Mobile Atmospheric Pollutant Mapping (MAPM) System - A coherent CO2, DIAL system

The hardware for the Mobile Atmospheric Pollutant Mapping System is described. Measurement results using the hardware are reported along with absorption coefficients and measurement sensitivities for a number of molecular species. The factor that limit measurement accuracy and range are considered.
Numerical Simulation and Turbulent Convection Heat Transfer Correlation for Coolant Channels in a Very-High-Temperature Reactor

A turbulent convection correlation is developed for use as a surrogate of full three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics numerical calculations for helium coolant flow in channels of a prismatic core high-temperature gas-cooled reactor or very-high-temperature reactor. It is developed based on the results of a 3-D thermal-hydraulics numerical analysis of a prismatic core hexagonal fuel module with a central flow channel. The analysis accounts for the changes in material properties with temperature, including the nuclear graphite, helium coolant, and the constituent materials of the fuel compacts, as well as the chopped-cosine axial fission power profile in the reactor core. The heated flow channel is 1.5875 cm in diameter and 8.0 m high. In addition, the flow channel extends 1.2 m and 0.8 m into unheated top and bottom graphite reflector blocks, for a total length of 10 m. Results show that entrance mixing increases the local turbulent heat transfer coefficient, but its effect diminishes after ...
Expectancy in mediational models of cocaine use

Abstract Several theoretical explanations of how expectancies may influence cocaine use were studied. Hypotheses from these approaches use trait (sensation seeking and social conformity), cognitive (expectancy), and state-like (depression and loneliness) constructs to explain cocaine use and its problem consequences. Constructs from these different approaches were compared as predictors of cocaine use among a community sample of adults. Results revealed that general and specific components of an expectancy construct predicted cocaine use independently from all other constructs. In addition, a mediational model suggested that expectancies may mediate the effects of certain personality constructs on cocaine use and abuse. These findings contrast and integrate cognitive approaches to the explanation of drug use and other behaviors with trait and state approaches to personality.
Ultraviolet to near‐infrared absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide ice from 0.174 to 1.8 μm

[1] A laboratory experiment was devised to measure transmission at fine spectral resolution through thick, high-quality samples of CO2 ice over an extended wavelength range. The absorption coefficient throughout the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectral ranges 0.174–1.8 μm (5555–57,470 cm−1 in wave number) is presented here. CO2 ice samples were grown at a temperature of 150 K, typical of the Martian polar caps. The path length of the samples varied from 1.6 to 107.5 mm, allowing the measurement of absorption from <0.1 to 4000 m−1. The experiment used both a grating monochromator (with spectral resolution 0.1–0.3 nm) and a Fourier transform spectrometer (with an effective resolution of <1.0 cm−1). The transmission data for five thicknesses are used to estimate both the scattering losses for each sample and the absorption coefficient at each wavelength. The uncertainty in the most transparent wavelength regions (<10 m−1) is due to scattering extinction. Measurement noise and data scatter produce significant uncertainty only where absorption coefficients exceed 1000 m−1. Between 1.0 and 1.8 μm there are several weak to moderate absorption lines. Only an upper limit to the absorption can be determined in many places; e.g., the absorption from ∼0.25 to 1.0 μm is below the detection limit. The estimated visible absorption, ∼10–2 m−1, is a factor of 1000 smaller than the values reported by Egan and Spagnolo, which have been used previously to compute albedos of CO2 snow. The new results should be useful for studies of the seasonal polar caps of Mars.
The solubility of SO2 and the dissociation of H2SO3 in NaCl solutions

The pK 1 * and pK 2 * of H2SO3 have been determined in NaCl solutions as a function of ionic strength (0.1 to 6 m) and temperature (5 and 25 °C). The extrapolated values in water were found to be in good agreement with literature data. The experimental results have been used to determine the Pitzer interaction parameters for SO2, HSO 3 - and SO 3 - in NaCl solutions. The resultant parameters for NaHSO3 and Na2SO3 were found to be in reasonable agreement with the values for NaHSO4 and Na2SO4. It, thus, seems reasonable to assume that the interactions of Mg2+ and Ca2+ with HSO 3 - and SO 3 - can be estimated from the values with HSO 4 - and SO 4 - until experimental values are available. Measurements of pK 1 * and pK 2 * in artificial seawater were found to be in good agreement with the calculated values using the derived Pitzer parameters. It is, thus, possible to make reasonable estimates of the activity coefficients of HSO 3 - and SO 3 - ions and pK 1 * and pK 2 * for the ionization of H2SO3 in marine aerosols.
Identifying microRNA targets in different gene regions

Background Currently available microRNA (miRNA) target prediction algorithms require the presence of a conserved seed match to the 5' end of the miRNA and limit the target sites to the 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs. However, it has been noted that these requirements may be too stringent, leading to a substantial number of missing targets.
Fostering Community Life and Human Civility in Academic Departments Through Covenant Practice

Creating desirable academic departments for individuals’ well-being and quality scholarship is an important effort as well as a novel idea. The focus of this reflective article is twofold: (a) We present a social capital theory of social justice covenants as a product and process of community building, and (b) we share the multiple lived experiences of three scholars within the context of our department's covenant ideology and practice. We explore how faculty can promote community and civility by not only developing but also enacting an internally generated covenant while operating within a larger institutional context that produces tension. As related to our purposes, we examined the relevant literature on social capital, capacity building, workplace environments, and organizational covenants to frame our discussion of community-driven action in education. We include an extended application of a covenant that guides our departmental faculty's social outlook, interpersonal behavior, scholarly work, and co...
Trapping intracellular ANG II to the proximal tubule: powerful in vivo effects on sodium handling and blood pressure

destined for secretion out of the cells, ECFP/ANG II protein is thus trapped within the cytoplasm of the proximal tubule cell and is unable to act on cell surface AT1 receptors. Confirmation of the expression pattern of ECFP/ANG II was performed by fluorescent immunohistochemical localization using CFP- and ANG II-specific antibodies to cortical proximal tubules with limited expression in glomeruli, cortical connecting tubules, and medullary tissues. Ectopic ECFP/ ANG II expression was very low to undetectable in extrarenal tissues. Most interesting was the demonstration of a significantly elevated renal sodium reabsorption and ultimately increased blood pressure in the animals injected with the ECFP/ANG II adenovirus compared with animals injected with the scrambled version of the fusion protein construct. Two weeks following the introduction of the ECFP/ANG II vector, peptide levels of ANG II were significantly increased in the injected kidney and freshly isolated proximal tubules without alterations in the plasma or urinary levels of the peptide, suggesting that the blood pressure effects reflect the intracellular expression of the peptide. These hypertensive effects were observed in both
Development by Self-Digestion: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Functions of Autophagy

Autophagy is the major cellular pathway for the degradation of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. It involves the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cargo for delivery to the lysosome where the sequestered material is degraded and recycled. For many decades, it has been known that autophagy occurs in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms and in multiple different cell types during starvation, cellular and tissue remodeling, and cell death. However, until recently, the functions of autophagy in normal development were largely unknown. The identification of a set of evolutionarily conserved genes that are essential for autophagy has opened up new frontiers for deciphering the role of autophagy in diverse biological processes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular machinery of autophagy and the role of the autophagic machinery in eukaryotic development.
Development of a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and identification of its ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors

Protein kinases are recognized as important drug targets due to the pivotal roles they play in human disease. Many kinase inhibitors are ATP competitive, leading to potential problems with poor selectivity and significant loss of potency in vivo due to cellular ATP concentrations being much higher than K(m). Consequently, there has been growing interest in the development of ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors to overcome these problems. There are challenges to identifying ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors from compound library screens because ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors are often weaker and commonly excluded by potency-based hit selection criteria in favor of abundant and highly potent ATP-competitive inhibitors in screening libraries. Here we report the development of a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for protein kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and the identification of ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors by high-throughput screening after employing a strategy to favor this type of inhibitors. We also present kinetic characterization that is consistent with the proposed mode of inhibition.
The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Pathways of Glucose Catabolism in Higher Plants.

In a previous communication from this laboratory (8), it was briefly reported that etiolated pea seedlings (cotyledons removed) treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were able to maintain a higher rate of respiration than untreated seedlings. Treatment with 2,4-D did not change the RQ which remained near 1.0. These results suggested that carbohydrate was the major substrate being oxidized in both treated and control seedlings. Subsequent work, as yet unpublished, has shown that 2,4-D treated seedlings did not contain more carbohydrate (reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch) than the untreated seedlings. 2,4-D, then, affects the respiratory rate of pea seedlings without changing the RQ or increasing the carbohydrate level. It would be of interest, therefore, to ascertain whether or not 2,4-D causes glucose to be catabolized via a different pathway, or, if a number of pathways are operative, to cause a change in the amount of glucose catabolized via one of the various pathways. Recently Beevers and Gibbs (2) have shown that the pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt) may be a major route of glucose catabolism in a number of higher plants including peas. On the other hand, these workers obtained evidence by two independent methods <2, 3) that in corn root tips the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (E.P.M.) glycolytic pathway is the only operative one. Beevers and Gibbs applied a procedure developed by Bloom and Stetten (4) in which the initial yields of C1402 from tissues supplied with glucose1-C14 (G-l-C14) and glucose-6-C14 (G-6-C14) are compared. If glucose were broken down via the E.M.P. pathway, the rate of Cu02 production from the first and the sixth carbon of the glucose molecule should be the same. If, on the other hand, glucose were broken down via the pentose phosphate pathway the rate of C1402 production from the first carbon of the glucose molecule would initially be greater than that from the sixth carbon. The use of the ratio
Comparison of anterior vitrectorhexis and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract and intraocular lens implantation surgery: A 10-year analysis

Purpose To analyze the rate of inadvertent anterior lens capsular tears with vitrectorhexis or continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) in pediatric cataract and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2006. Methods Retrospective chart review, collecting for each eye: age at cataract surgery, type of anterior capsulotomy, any tearing of the capsule, and if yes, details of the tear. Results A total of 737 eyes were reviewed. Cases with a ruptured lens capsule that occurred prior to surgery were excluded. Eyes that received an anterior capsulotomy by any other method (n = 27) or eyes that did not receive an IOL (n = 100) were reviewed but excluded from final comparative analysis. Of the remaining 339 eyes, 19 eyes (5.6%) were noted to develop an anterior capsule tear (vitrectorhexis, 12 of 226 eyes, 5.3%; CCC, 7 of 113, 6.2%). These tears occurred during anterior capsulotomy in seven eyes, hydrodissection in one, cataract removal in three, and IOL insertion/manipulation in eight. In eyes operated for cataract at or before 72 months of age, the manual CCC technique was more likely to develop a tear (relative risk, 3.09) compared with eyes of older children (>72 months of age), where the vitrectorhexis technique was more likely to develop a tear (relative risk, 3.14). Conclusions Vitrectorhexis is well suited for use in children less than 6 years of age due to their highly elastic anterior lens capsule. For children aged 6 years and older, manual CCC is the best technique because, by that age, capsule control and ease of capsulotomy completion has improved.
Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training for Adult and Pediatric Headache Disorders:

Headaches are one of the most common somatic complaints among adults and children. This study investigated the effects of thermal biofeedback-assisted relaxation training on adult and child tension, migraine, and mixed (migraine and tension) headache disorders. A multiple baseline design across three adult and four child participants was used and multiple outcomes were assessed including participants' records of headache duration and severity, medication intake, and downtime because of headaches. To corroborate participants' records of headache activity, family members independently recorded headache occurrences, and medication intake was corroborated by investigators' pill counts of headache medications.After treatment, reductions in headache duration and severity, downtime, and medication intake were noted for all participants, with four of seven participants headache-free at 1-year follow-up. The results are compared with previous studies and methodological issues are discussed, particularly the need t...
Mexican Women Adapt to Migration.

Qualitative studies of migration cover a wide range of concerns. The research reported here deals primarily with the mental stress of acculturation which results from the processes of migration. Th...
Alkane-lnsoluble Trialkylammonium Double Salts Involving the Dodecamolybdophosphate Anion. II. Effect of Amine Structure on Third-Phase Formation

Abstract In this paper, a rational basis is presented for the control of molybdenum “third phase” formation in tertiary amine extraction through appropriate selection of amine structure. The studies have been founded on the observation that third-phase formation in the amine-extraction of molybdenum is mainly caused by the formation of heteropolymolybdates, especially the dodecamolybdophosphate anion PMo12O40 3− (DMP). Eight trialkylamine structures with straight and methyl -branched, 8-to 13-carbon chains have been examined with regard to the type of third phase formed and the maximum molarity of the dissolved salt (R3NH)3[DMP± that can be tolerated in the solvent before precipitation occurs (i.e., the DMP “tolerance”, a type of solubility measurement). In the experiments, a standard solvent consisting of 0.05 M tertiary amine (primarily as the trialkylammonium sulfate salt) and 0.15 M n-dodecanol in n-nonane was used. For all of the amines tested, third-phase formation first involved co-extraction of Mo...
Triplet states of acetylene by electron impact

Abstract Low-energy electron-impact spectroscopy has revealed two previously unknown low-lying triplet states in acetylene at 5.2 eV and 6.1 eV. The basis for this identification and the disparity in the electron energy-loss and optical absorption spectra are discussed.
Alexia without agraphia

Two new cases of alexia without agraphia are presented. Pertinent clinical findings, anatomy, pathophysiology and differential diagnoses are reviewed. The importance of carefully examining the inferior portion of the left side of the splenium of the corpus callosum on CT and/or MR scans in patients who present with this clinical syndrome is stressed.