cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Docusate Sodium on Drug Release from a Ccontrolled-release dosage form

This study was designed to determine the effect of a clinically used surfactant, docusate sodium, on the release of chlorpheniramine from a controlled-release dosage form (encapsulated coated pellets). In vivo treatments consisted of the controlled-release capsule alone or with 200 mg of docusate sodium. Plasma chlorpheniramine levels were determined, and the AUC was calculated. No significant difference in AUC values was observed between the two treatments. At a concentration below the CMC, docusate sodium enhanced the in vitro drug release rate. The surfactant exerted a greater effect on the release of the first one-third of the drug contained in nonwax-coated pellets. At the CMC, 0.02% (w/v), docusate sodium rapidly entrapped chlorpheniramine in micelles. The overall enhanced dissolution rate in vivo may have been offset by micellar drug entrapment.
Characterizing a human lysyl oxidase chromosomal domain.

The expression of each locus in our genome is regulated by a gene-potentiative mechanism, whereby the gene first assumes the necessary structural conformation to enable transcription. This serves as the corner-stone for the three-tiered regulatory mechanism of potentiation, i.e., the opening of a chromatin domain, initiation of transcription, and transcript elongation. Although this is now generally accepted as the pathway that mediates gene expression, it has never been shown directly to control the expression of any heart-related gene. Lysyl oxidase enzymatically crosslinks members of the extracellular matrix, including elastin and collagen. Formation of these structures is essential to development and tissue repair. This system has enabled us to begin to address the underlying mechanism governing the selection of connective tissue genes for expression. However, before one can dissect this mechanism, it is necessary to define and characterize the locus, i.e., the corresponding genic domain. Our progress toward creating the resources necessary to unravel this mechanism is summarized in this review.
Breastfeeding management in the 1990s

Is it that we do not know enough about breastfeeding? Is it that we do not know how to communicate about breastfeeding to new mothers? How can we help the new mother continue breastfeeding when she experiences a difficulty? The role of the home health care nurse in collaboration with the skilled staff from the delivery setting plays a vital role in promoting and maintaining the breastfeeding and the bond it represents between the new mother and newborn. This excellent article provides assessment tools and concrete interventions to achieve this goal.
What Exactly Is Human Services Management

What exactly is human services management? On the one hand, the field is bounded by the common mission to meet the social welfare needs of vulnerable populations, reduce social inequality and advoc...
Abdominal wall reconstruction with dual layer cross-linked porcine dermal xenograft: The “Pork Sandwich” herniorraphy ☆

Summary Introduction The repair of large ventral hernias is a challenging problem. This study investigated the use of decellularized, chemically cross-linked porcine dermal xenograft in conjunction with component separation (a.k.a. the "Pork Sandwich" Herniorraphy) in the repair of abdominal wall defects. Materials and methods We prospectively collected data over a 3-year period. Primary or near-total primary fascial closure was our goal in operative repair. A cross-linked porcine dermal xenograft mesh underlay and overlay were used to provide maximal reinforcement of the repair. Outcomes were compared with a case-controlled cohort of 84 patients who underwent ventral hernia repairs with alternative methods at our institution. Results Nineteen patients were included. Mean age was 55 years old, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m 2 . Mean defect size was 321 cm 2 . Post-operative complications were observed in ten out of 19 patients. Complications included seroma ( n = 2), wound infection ( n = 2), abscess ( n = 1), skin necrosis ( n = 6), and fistula formation ( n = 3). Seven patients required re-operation. Statistically significant factors ( p 2 weeks), and a defect size greater than 300 cm 2 . There were no hernia recurrences in our "Pork Sandwich" group, which contrasted favorably to the retrospective case-control group in which the hernia recurrence rate was 19% ( p = 0.038). Discussion For the repair of abdominal hernias, primary closure, with component separation as needed, with an underlay and overlay of cross-liked porcine xenograft should be considered to minimize risk of recurrent herniation. Additional long-term prospective comparative studies are needed for further validation of the optimal method and material for repair.
Calculated-experimental evaluation of the gain/absorption spectra of several optically pumped NH 3 systems

Three NH 3 optically pumped laser systems were chosen for study wherein one pair of energy levels was the ground state ga \leftrightarrow gs transition in the 18-26 GHz range, where tunable microwave sources are available for gain/absorption probes. The objective was to experimentally evaluate the validity and accuracy of a density matrix calculation, using typical approximations, in providing a complete description for double and triple resonant (first, third, and fifth order) gain/ absorption spectra. It was demonstrated that gain/absorption peak frequencies could be calculated to better than 10 MHz, absolute gain/absorptions to within a factor of 2 to 3, and M -split linewidths for counterpropagating pumps to ±2 MHz. At pump intensities above 100 kW/cm2, most of the M -split gain/absorption peaks could be well resolved.
Normalizing considerations for time to stabilization assessment

Abstract Objectives Because of the growing use of time to stabilization (TTS) and similar measures with single-limb landings in lower extremity research, it is important to determine if the task performance needs to be normalized further. The purpose of this study was to compare TTS of healthy participants using a standardized versus a normalized horizontal jumping distance. Design Crossover study. Methods Twenty-one healthy participants performed single landings using two horizontal jumping distances: standardized (70cm) and normalized (leg length). Resultant vector TTS (RVTTS) was calculated to represent the dynamic stability performance. Results For RVTTS, the participants took significantly longer to stabilize when using the normalized jumping distance (1.997±0.181s) compared with the standardized jumping distance (1.921±0.126s) ( t =5.134; p r =0.628; p =0.002) than during the standardized jumping distance ( r =0.563; p =0.008). Conclusions Normalizing the horizontal jumping distance during the single-limb jumping task creates a performance decrement in RVTTS among healthy participants. Because dynamic stability measured with RVTTS when jumping a normalized distance is more strongly correlated with leg length than when jumping a standardized jumping distance, researchers using this task and analysis may want to consider using this additional normalizing step in future investigations.
A Burner Platform for Examining the Effects of Non-Equilibrium Plasmas on Oxidation and Combustion Chemistry

In this communication, we describe the development of a new plasma/flame facility and burner platform that appears promising for directly investigating the effects of high-voltage, nanosecond-duration, repetitively pulsed plasma discharges on moderate- and high-temperature reaction chemistry. Such a configuration is ideal for identifying key processes and key species that can alter fuel oxidation, hydrocarbon intermediate formation, and radical formation/heat-release under combusting conditions. Initial results using emission spectroscopy demonstrate that the excited-state species such as OH*, CH*, and are significantly enhanced in the presence of repetitive nanosecond pulse discharges. This new plasma-flame facility also lends itself to kinetic modeling due to its simple quasi-one-dimensional geometry and uniformity of the nanosecond pulse discharge.
Case-crossover and case-time-control designs in birth defects epidemiology

The case-crossover and the case-time-control designs can be used to evaluate the effect of intermittent exposures on the risk of acute events. To explore how birth defects epidemiology could benefit from these approaches, the authors compared them with a traditional case-control study design that evaluated the association between use of folic acid antagonists during the second and third pregnancy months and the risk of cardiovascular defects. Among 3,870 cases and 8,387 control infants in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study (1976-1998), the odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 3.9). The case-crossover approach compared folic acid antagonist use between the 2-month embryologically sensitive period (case window) and the 2 months preceding the last menstrual period (control window) among mothers of case infants (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.0). Although it controls between-person confounding and avoids issues of control selection, this design may be biased by time trends of exposure prevalence during pregnancy. The case-time-control design, which adjusts for exposure time trends under certain assumptions, yielded an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 7.2), but it requires controls. In the presence of gestational time trends of exposure, the new designs do not offer clear advantages over the case-control design.
Improving Foot Self-Care Behaviors With Pies Sanos

Participants who received Pies Sanos, a 15-min intervention designed to improve diabetes self-efficacy and foot self-care behaviors in adult patients with type 2 diabetes who lived in a predominantly Mexican American community, performed more-complete foot self-care 1 month later in their homes. Recruited when they presented for nonurgent care to the emergency department in two community hospitals near the U.S.-Mexico border, participants were randomized into one of three groups. At follow-up, there was a significant difference in observed foot self-care behaviors between groups, F(2, 135) = 2.99, p < .05, as well as a significant difference within the intervention, t (47) = -4.32, p < .01, and control group, t (46) = -2.06, p < .05, for baseline and follow-up self-reported foot self-care behaviors. Baseline diabetes self-efficacy was significantly and positively correlated with both baseline (r = .335, p < .001) and follow-up ( r = .174, p < .05) foot self-care behaviors.
Nonlinear fiber amplifier with tunable transform limited pulse duration from a few 100 to sub-100-fs at watt-level powers.

We report a fiber amplifier system with an output transform limited pulse duration that is broadly tunable from 400 to 60 fs. We produce 200 kW of peak power by compensating a significant amount of third-order dispersion. The spectral noise characteristics are also investigated to insure highly stable supercontinuum generation.
Testing the relationship between team and partner characteristics and cooperative benchmarking outcomes

Successful benchmarking can improve a company's return on investment (ROI) ratio, facilitate cost reductions, identify new business opportunities, and help develop market competitiveness. However, there is limited evidence to understand factors that contribute to successful outcomes during benchmarking. This paper tests a sequential framework that identifies the key constituents of successful benchmarking projects. We focus on cooperative benchmarking projects where the expected outcome is identifying best practices with a partner organization. We characterize the benchmarking project in terms of its context, process, and outcomes. Our framework first relates the context variables such as characteristics of the benchmarking team and the partner organization to such process variables as effective project management and teamwork. We then relate process variables to the task and group related outcome variables measuring the effectiveness of the benchmarking project. The hypotheses derived from the framework are tested through a survey instrument administered to participants in benchmarking projects. The data suggests that satisfaction with the benchmarking process and findings (outcome variables) is strongly related to the following: internal context variables such as training and experience of team members, clarity of project objectives and support from top management, and the process owner; external context variables, such as appropriateness of the benchmarking partners, and anticipation of constraints in data collection during the project; project process effectiveness including commitment of the team members and the synergy between the process owner, the team members, and the partner organization. This paper contributes to research in cooperative benchmarking by identifying the critical success factors associated with such projects. It also contributes to the project management literature by identifying the context and process variables in projects involving multiple stakeholders. Project managers of cooperative benchmarking projects must simultaneously pay attention to the needs of benchmarking team members, top management, the owner of the process being benchmarked, as well as the partner organization.
Decidability and Undecidability of Extensions of Second (First) Order Theory of (Generalized) Successor

We study certain first and second order theories which are semantically defined as the sets of all sentences true in certain given structures. Let be a structure where A is a non-empty set, λ is an ordinal, and P α is an n ( α )-ary relation or function 4 on A . With we associate a language L appropriate for which may be a first or higher order calculus. L has an n ( α )-place predicate or function constant P for each α A ; (3) restricted (weak) second-order calculi which contain monadic predicate variables ranging over finite subsets of A .
Simultaneous measurements of total pancreatic, biliary, and gastric outputs in man using a perfusion technique.

A method, featuring perfusion of both gastric and duodenal markers with collections from the stomach and duodenum, was developed and validated for simultaneous measurements of total duodenal and gastric secretory outputs in man. Calculations of duodenal reflux into the stomach, of contamination of duodenal contents by gastric contents, and of the amounts -recycled between the two organs were made. The values so obtained were used to establish application of duodenal perfusion (with simultaneous gastric aspiration) for precise measurements of total secretions into the duodenum by simple calculations. The technique was used to show that total pancreatic enzyme output after intraduodenal stimulation by perfused amino acids was identical with that obtained after a maximally tolerated dose of pancreozymin given by vein. However, simultaneous intraduodenal and intravenous stimulation caused a pancreatic enzyme output significantly exceeding either method of stimulation alone, or any previously reported, thereby suggesting that conventional stimuli cannot attain maximal secretory capacity for enzymes. When applied to determination of total bilirubin output in the duodenum, the results approximated those reported by other methods.
Ethical concerns in the research and treatment of complex disease

Research on and treatment of complex diseases raise familiar ethical issues concerning informed consent, privacy, confidentially, insurability, employability and social stigma. Consideration of the family as the unit of study, or point of medical intervention, presents some additional twists to these common ethical concerns. In addition, complex diseases present particular ethical challenges because different social and political incentives accompany placing emphasis on either the genetic or the environmental components of the diseases (e.g. in allocating research funds or ascribing responsibility for illness).
INTERACTIONS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM WITH ENDOTOXIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN IMMUNOGLOBULIN-DEFICIENT SERA

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from a variety of organisms effectively induced C consumption in humans, bovines, and porcines with developmental agammaglobulinemia; birds with experimental agammaglobulinemia; and humans with agammaglobulinemia syndromes. This interaction proceeded even in precolostral piglet sera which contained less than 2.5 x 10(-6) mg/ml gamma globulin, and led to generation of neutrophil chemotactic factor and anaphylatoxin in these sera. Hence, the LPS-C interaction can proceed in sera markedly deficient in immunoglobulin. The question of whether immunoglobulins can be bypassed in the LPS-C interaction, or whether they are regularly utilized in a way so efficient that their participation is masked, was considered.
Symposium on advances in endometrial cancer epidemiology and biology.

The NCI-supported symposium, “Advances in Endometrial Cancer Epidemiology and Biology,” brought together ∼70 investigators in epidemiology, biology, pathology, psychology, and clinical practice at the Harvard School of Public Health for two days in March 2014. Following presentations of recent work in seven topic areas, the concluding discussion identified research priorities for reducing the burden of this increasingly common cancer.
Neonatal Obstructive Jaundice Caused by a Malpositioned Gastrostomy Tube

Sebastian MV, Coley BD(AQ1) irst successfully performed more than 120 years ago by Verneuil [1], gastrostomy tube placement in the pediatric population is now common, performed most often for intestinal atresias, neurologic and swallowing disorders, and other conditions in which nutritional support is needed. As the procedure has become more common in the last 40 years, many types of complications have been documented, including tube obstruction and dislodgement, malpositioning of replaced tubes, stomal leak, and tube migration and prolapse with or without gastric outlet obstruction and intussusception [1–3]. A rare complication is obstructive jaundice caused by migration of balloon catheters into the duodenum [4–7]. We present such a case in a neonate. Case Report A 36-week-old preterm boy with a history of polyhydramnios was diagnosed with upper esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula. Fistula ligation was performed on day-oflife 1, but primary esophageal reanastomosis could not be performed. For enteric feeding, a surgical Stamm gastrostomy was performed and a 12-French self-retaining Malecot tip gastros-
Transarterial coil embolization of a high-flow vertebrojugular fistula due to penetrating craniocervical trauma: case report.

Abstract Background Vertebrojugular fistulas after penetrating cervical trauma (gunshot or stab wounds) are rarely reported. Successful endovascular coil embolization of an acute fistulizing vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm involving an obstructed internal jugular vein is presented and the various treatment strategies for such a lesion are described. Case Description A 23-year-old man presented from an outside institution after sustaining 2 gunshot wounds in a civilian conflict. Neuroimaging revealed a right vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm, which formed a fistulous connection with the internal jugular vein. Because venous outflow obstruction was present just below the fistula, a high-flow shunt was directed intracranially. Both the pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula were accessed percutaneously via a transfemoral route and coil embolization was performed. Perfusion of the basilar artery circulation was assumed by the contralateral vertebral artery. The ipsilateral posteroinferior cerebellar artery filled through retrograde flow down the vertebral confluence. Conclusions Coil embolization is a safe and reliable strategy by which to obliterate an acute traumatic vertebrojugular fistula as well as pseudoaneurysm. Serial angiographic follow-up is mandatory to document a persistent cure.
Synthesis of customized loop caches for core-based embedded systems

Embedded system programs tend to spend much time in small loops. Introducing a very small loop cache into the instruction memory hierarchy has thus been shown to substantially reduce instruction fetch energy. However, loop caches come in many sizes and variations -- using the configuration best on the average may actually result in worsened energy for a specific program. We therefore introduce a loop cache exploration tool that analyzes a particular program's profile, rapidly explores the possible configurations, and generates the configuration with the greatest power savings. We introduce a simulation-based approach and show the good energy savings that a customized loop cache yields. We also introduce a fast estimation-based approach that obtains nearly the same results in seconds rather than tens of minutes or hours.
Values and the American Manager: A Three-Decade Perspective

This study examines the values of American managers over time. Responses from a nationwide sample of managers are compared and contrasted with two previous surveys (1981 and 1991) of similar sample populations. Continuing and new insights are provided into the importance of managerial values on individual and organizational actions and decisions.
When Plans Change: Examining How People Evaluate Timing Changes in Work Organizations

We examine the dynamics of temporal responsiveness—the ability of organizational actors to adapt the timing of their activities to unanticipated events. We review a broad body of psychological, economic, sociological, anthropological, and organizational research to introduce a reference point model of how people perceive and evaluate time in organizations. We then analyze how actors evaluate timing changes (changes from existing organizational schedules, routines, expectations, and plans).
Remarks on grammatical weight

Long, complex phrases tend to come at the ends of clauses; this is called “endweight.” A variety of characterizations of weight have been proposed in the literature, but none has been sufficient to cover the full range of attested cases of end-weight. Corpus data on heavy NP shift, the dative alternation, and particle movement indicate that there are several structural measures of weight that are highly correlated with constituent ordering. Proposed explanations for endweight have been based on parsing considerations, largely ignoring the speaker; but what facilitates parsing does not always help in production. Examination of phenomena where these interests do not coincide indicates that the demands of sentence planning provide a better explanation for end-weight than parsing. Finally, accounts of end-weight cannot be purely structure-based, but must take lexical factors into consideration.
To Which Eurasia Does Turkey Belong?: A Comparative Analysis of Turkish Eurasianist Geopolitical Discourses

This study argues that there are two prominent Eurasianist discourses in Turkey, the Kemalist and the Ottomanist, and that these traditions draw on three geopolitical traditions: the nationalist, the socialist, and the Islamist. The contents of three representative journals (the nationalist Turk Yurdu, the socialist Teori, and the conservative democrat Turkiye Gunlugu) are analyzed, investigating their issues published between 1990 and 2010, in order to seek answers to three main questions: First, what distinguishes these three types of geopolitical traditions? Second, did the nationalist and
The Chemical Processing of Silicates for Biological Applications - A Review

A new application area for sol-gel processing biomaterials and implant devices, is presented. The concepts of bioactive fixation of implants is reviewed. Conventional processing methods for bioactive materials are compared with low temperature chemical processing. Advantages of sol-gel processing include new bioactive compositional ranges of ultraporous CaO-P2O5-SiO2 biogel-glass powders. Clinical applications of bioactive implants are discussed.
Detecting anomalous patterns in time-series data using sparse hierarchically parameterized transition matrices

Anomaly detection in time-series data is a relevant problem in many fields such as stochastic data analysis, quality assurance, and predictive modeling. Markov models are an effective tool for time-series data analysis. Previous approaches utilizing Markov models incorporate transition matrices (TMs) at varying dimensionalities and resolutions. Other analysis methods treat TMs as vectors for comparison using search algorithms such as the nearest neighbors comparison algorithm, or use TMs to calculate the probability of discrete subsets of time-series data. We propose an analysis method that treats the elements of a TM as random variables, parameterizing them hierarchically. This approach creates a metric for determining the “normalcy” of a TM generated from a subset of time-series data. The advantages of this novel approach are discussed in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy of anomaly detection, and robustness when analyzing sparse data. Unlike previous approaches, this algorithm is developed with the expectation of sparse TMs. Accounting for this sparseness significantly improves the detection accuracy of the proposed method. Detection rates in a variety of time-series data types range from (97 % TPR, 2.1 % FPR) to (100 % TPR, <0.1 % FPR) with very small sample sizes (20–40 samples) in data with sparse transition probability matrices.
503 LOW-GRADE INTRAMEDULLARY CARTILAGE TUMORS: A REASSESSMENT OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.

Background Benign and malignant cartilage-based neoplasms are known as enchondroma and chondrosarcoma, respectively. Enchondromas are usually asymptomatic and do not require treatment other than periodic clinical follow-up. Clinical behavior of chondrosarcoma ranges significantly, from high-grade lesions with a high rate of metastasis and mortality to low-grade lesions that tend only to be aggressive locally. Preoperative differentiation of enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma relies upon tumor imaging, but a reliable clinical algorithm does not exist. Histologic examination of these tumors similarly fails to differentiate these tumors without correlation to imaging. Further exacerbating this problem, many institutions treat low-grade chondrosarcoma with en bloc resection, a highly morbid procedure that may not be warranted. Study Design and Methods Clinical, imaging, and treatment data from 250 patients with enchondroma and conventional chondrosarcoma were reviewed with the two-fold purpose of (1) defining a clinical algorithm and (2) determining whether intralesional curettage is adequate treatment for low-grade chondrosarcoma. To assess the potential of immunohistochemistry as a marker of malignancy, an equal number (n = 100) of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma core samples were assayed for a variety of suspected malignant markers. Results Among enchondromas, 42% were treated surgically due to uncertainty of malignancy preoperatively. Pain was not a statistically significant indicator of malignancy (p = .14). There were no recurrent enchondromas (n = 74). The recurrence rate among low-grade chondrosarcomas treated with curretage and cryotherapy in the appendicular skeleton was 8% (1/18) and 43% (3/7) in the axial skeleton. The recurrence rate for resected tumors was 14% (1/7) in the appendicular skeleton and 25% (2/8) in the axial skeleton. Conclusion A clinical algorithm consistently applied to intramedullary cartilage tumors has the potential to significantly decrease the number unnecessary surgical procedures. Furthermore, low-grade chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton can be treated with curretage and cryotherapy to improve long-term functional outcome without increasing the risk of local recurrence relative to en bloc resection.
Vipin Narang, Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era: Regional Powers and International Conflict

Over the last two decades, the nuclear strategist’s bookshelf has begun to collect some dust. Scholarly thinking about nuclear deterrence began to dwindle with the end of the Cold War, and our unde...
Differential effect of prostaglandin A1 in hypertensive patients with low, normal and high renin.

1. Eighteen hypertensive in-patients were studied during a period of controlled electrolyte intake and, on the basis of determinations of mid-day plasma renin activity (PRA), were classified into low, normal and high renin sub-groups. 2. The responses of systemic arterial pressure, urine sodium excretion rate and PRA to infusion of prostaglandin A 1 (PGA 1 ) at a rate of 0.4 μg min −1 kg −1 for 60 min differed among the renin sub-groups. 3. The low renin sub-group displayed the greatest fall in arterial pressure and the greatest increase in sodium excretion rate during infusion of PGA 1 ; PRA was unaffected. The normal renin group demonstrated a lesser reduction of arterial pressure and lesser rise in sodium excretion rate during infusion of PGA 1 compared with the low renin group; PRA rose significantly during infusion of PGA 1 . No significant change in arterial pressure occurred in the high renin group during infusion of PGA 1 ; sodium excretion rate rose less than that observed in the other two groups. Infusion of PGA 1 caused striking increases in PRA in the high renin group. 4. The changes in PRA during infusion of PGA 1 may explain the differences in arterial pressure and sodium excretion rate observed in the three renin sub-groups. The results also suggest that the role of the vasodilating prostaglandins may differ in the pathogenesis of low, normal and high renin hypertension.
GPS and accelerometer time stamps: proper data handling and avoiding pitfalls

Introduction.Maintaining correct time stamp values is critical for management and analysis of time-indexed data, including GPS and accelerometry.Methods.Objective location and activity data were collected for one week periods in four projects, for 1551 subjects, using Qstarz BT1000 GPS data loggers and Actigraph GT3X accelerometers, in King County, WA. Data collection spanned September, 2011 to April, 2014, with analysis in May, 2014. GPS data were exported using QTravel and Actilife software, and processed under Windows XP and 7, using Microsoft Excel and Access, as well as two free and open-source applications, the R statistical programming environment and the database package, PostgreSQL.Results and conclusion.Time stamp errors resulted from the export of GPS data from QTravel and accelerometry data from Actilife for files spanning the Daylight Savings Time (DST) transition. QTravel has a specific problem in its interaction with Windows' default time zone settings. Excel and Access did not properly handle either time zone or DST, whereas both R and PostgreSQL did. Practices for preventing time stamp errors from Actigraph accelerometers and Qstarz GPS units are presented.
Thermo-magnetic surgery for experimental renal cancer.

AbstractThermo-magnetic surgery is an innovative modality in the treatment of malignancies. This unique combination can produce selectively controlled destruction of deep tumors. Heating of the magnetic metallic compounds of ferrosilicone by hysteresis produces temperatures which are incompatible with cancer cell survival. The intense focal heating causes a coagulation necrosis. Damage to surrounding normal tissue can be avoided by careful temperature monitoring and power control of the magnetic field. Cell destruction in the target tissue has been demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Reproducible and predictable VX2 renal carcinomas in rabbits have been produced and used as the tumor model in the initial experiments of this research project. A clinical trial with selected cancer patients, performed with this technique of thermo-magnetic surgery, is now a reasonable and feasible procedure.
Religion, globalisation and cosmopolitanism

Introduction: paradoxes of religion and modernity In the modern world, religion and nationalism have often functioned as modes of individual and collective identity in a global political context. Both religious and nationalist modes of self-reference are products of a common process of modernisation, of which globalisation can be regarded as the current phase. Just as nationalism can assume either liberal or reactionary forms (Kohn, 1944), so religion can adopt either an ecumenical/cosmopolitan or an exclusive/fundamentalist orientation. From the late nineteenth century, citizenship became increasingly the dominant juridical framework of civil society as the mode of national membership and individual identity. In Europe and North America, national citizenship emerged as a secular form of solidarity that either competed or combined with the Church to provide a potent channel of nationalist identity and fervour. With growing national assertion and competition, citizenship became primarily an institution of ‘national manhood’ (Nelson, 1998), in which entitlements to citizenship benefits were based on work and warfare. As state sovereignty was territorial, citizenship became an exclusionary principle of identity and membership within a given terrain. With the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and the transformation of China towards authoritarian capitalism, religion can once again blend with nationalism to provide the cultural glue that national citizenship requires to develop common rituals and communal organisation. However, the precise relationship between religion, nation and state is clearly variable.
The Rural Sector

Up to this point the analysis has taken place within the framework of the Soviets’ largely urban environment, and in this chapter we treat the rural sector as a separate entity. There are several justifications for according special treatment to this part of Soviet society. At the time of the 1917 Revolution 85 per cent of the total population were peasants and the economy was overwhelmingly agricultural. Even though urbanisation and industrialisation have taken place at a pace that has dramatically changed the shape of the Soviet Union, 37 per cent of the population still lives in rural areas. Moreover, their standard of living is lower than that of urbanites; in 1980 monthly wages for the economy as a whole were 46 per cent higher than collective farm income earned in the socialist sector.1 Rural inhabitants have fewer amenities such as electricity, indoor plumbing and central heating. Rural roads are often primitive and educational facilities not good. One of the major features of urban/rural differences is that many peasants have escaped from what they believe is the less rich life of the countryside for what is seen as the good life of Soviet cities. The great wave of peasant migration to urban areas, which during the period 1928–40 was one of the lynchpins of Soviet industrialisation, has now become a source of serious concern for Soviet planners. Not only are too many people leaving agriculture, but the rural population is also ‘ageing’ as the young leave for the cities.
Using Role Theory Concepts to Understand Transitions From Hospital-Based Nursing Practice to Home Care Nursing

Background The phenomena experienced by professional nurses who make practice-based career changes are seldom addressed in the literature. Nurses changing from a hospital-based practice to a home health care setting report feelings of anxiety, incompetency, and lack of the necessary skills to care for clients in the home. Method An integrative review of the literature on role theory can provide the conceptual understanding of the transitional experience of nurses whose roles change when they move from hospital-based practice to a home health care setting. Results A model of the role transition process is helpful in identifying the transition experienced by nurses new to the home health care setting. Experiences during the initial transition period are critical in shaping the nurse's understanding of the role. Conclusion Educators can play a key part in assisting novice home health care nurses with role enactment by developing comprehensive orientation and education programs aimed at minimizing role strain.
Understanding epigenetic architecture of suicide neurobiology: A critical perspective

Current understanding of environmental cross-talk with genetic makeup is found to be mediated through an epigenetic interface which is associated with prominent reversible and heritable changes at gene expression level. Recent emergence of epigenetic modulation in shaping the genetic information has become a key regulatory factor in answering the underlying complexities associated with several mental disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the pertinent changes in the epigenetic makeup of suicide phenotype exhibits a characteristic signature with the possibility of using it as a biomarker to help predict the risk factors associated with suicide. Within the scope of this current review, the most sought after epigenetic changes of DNA methylation and histone modification are thoroughly scrutinized to understand their close functional association with the broad spectrum of suicide phenotype.
Comments on the Distinction Between the Miocene Beavers Anchitheriomys Roger, 1898, and Amblycastor Matthew, 1918 (Rodentia, Castoridae)

ABSTRACT The large Miocene beavers (Castoridae) Anchitheriomys Roger, 1898, and Amblycastor Matthew, 1918, have been often considered as synonyms (Flynn and Jacobs 2008). Most recently, they have been distinguished as separate genera based on the morphology of the dentary: Amblycastor restricted to North America and Anchitheriormys limited to Eurasia (Mors and Hulbert 2010). However, the dentary that was cited as evidence for the separation lacks cheek teeth and its specific identification cannot be verified. In addition, a previously undescribed specimen from the type area of “Amblycastor” fluminis Matthew, 1918, demonstrates that the morphologies used to separate these genera are not consistent with the North American specimens; thus, the two genera are synonymous and the North American species should be referred to Anchitheriomys.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine in Infants.

Despite limited pharmacokinetic (PK) data, dexmedetomidine is increasingly being used off-label for sedation in infants. We aimed to characterize the developmental PK changes of dexmedetomidine during infancy. In this open-label, single-center PK study of dexmedetomidine in infants receiving dexmedetomidine per clinical care, ≤10 blood samples per infant were collected. A set of structural PK models and residual error models were explored using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling in NONMEM. Covariates including postmenstrual age (PMA), serum creatinine, and recent history of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were investigated for their influence on PK parameters. Univariable generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate the association of hypotension with dexmedetomidine concentrations. A total of 89 PK samples were collected from 20 infants with a median PMA of 44 weeks (range, 33-61). The median maximum dexmedetomidine infusion dose during the study period was 1.8 μg/(kg·h) (0.5-2.5), and 16/20 infants had a maximum dose >1 μg/(kg·h). A 1-compartment model best described the data. Younger PMA was a significant predictor of lower clearance. Infants with a history of cardiac surgery had ∼40% lower clearance compared to those without a history of cardiac surgery. For infants with PMA of 33 to 61 weeks and body weight of 2 to 6 kg, the estimated clearance and volume of distribution were 0.87 to 2.65 L/(kg·h) and 1.5 L/kg, respectively. No significant associations were found between dexmedetomidine concentrations and hypotension. Infants with younger PMA and recent cardiac surgery may require relatively lower doses of dexmedetomidine to achieve exposure similar to older patients and those without cardiac surgery.
A Model for Analyzing Disability Policy.

Abstract This article describes a 12-step model that can be used for policy analysis. The model encompasses policy development, implementation, and evaluation; takes into account structural foundat...
Doing More Harm Than Good? Communicating the Gender Confidence Gap

The claim that there is a gender confidence gap-women have lower self- confidence than men-identifies a critical issue for women in the workplace. What has yet to be explored is the possibility tha...
Reliable Identification of Benign Clinical Course in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Simple and Qualitative Algorithm.

Background A reliable method to specifically identify low vasospasm risk in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients has not been previously proposed. Objective To develop a clinical algorithm using admission aSAH clinical severity and subarachnoid blood distribution to identify patients at low risk of clinical vasospasm. Methods Clinical severities, admission noncontrasted head computerized tomography (CT) scan, and incidences of vasospasm among 291 aSAH patients treated at our institution were evaluated. Admission head CTs were assessed for distributions of cisternal and ventricular blood. Patients with the following 4 criteria experienced considerably lower risk of vasospasm: (1) Hunt Hess grade 1 to 2, (2) Lack of thick subarachnoid blood filling 2 adjacent cisterns, (3) Lack of thick interhemispheric blood, and (4) Lack of biventricular intraventricular hemorrhage. Results One hundred thirty-three patients (45.7%) developed cerebral vasospasm. Hunt Hess grade greater than 2 (odds ratio [OR] 4.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.74-7.46), adjacent cistern blood (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.51-6.7), interhemispheric thick blood (OR 5.72, 95% CI 3.41-9.59), and biventricular intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.19-3.02) were significant risk factors. Application of our algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 29%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 54.5%, which was superior compared to metrics from current institutional practice criteria. Inter-rater agreement was substantial at mean kappa = 0.75. Conclusion Application of our novel clinical algorithm produced successful identification of aSAH patients who experience zero risk of clinical vasospasm. Our algorithm is simple to apply with high reliability and is superior to currently available clinical and radiographic metrics.
Validation and Comparison of Psoriasis Case-Finding Algorithms Using International Classification of Diseases Nosology:

BackgroundThe methodology of utilizing ICD nosology to identify psoriasis case cohorts within an EMR database has not been validated extensively.ObjectiveTo appraise the validity of the psoriasis case definition utilizing ICD-9 nosology and to compare performances of six distinct algorithms.DesignRetrospective chart review of a randomly selected subset (n=966) of 2,737 cases with ≥1 ICD-9 diagnosis code for psoriasis in 2004–2013.ResultsPositive Predictive Values for the six algorithms ranged from 84.7% {Any Provider (AP) ≥ 1} to 97.7% {Dermatologist (Derm) ≥ 3}. Negative Predictive Values for the six algorithms evaluated ranged from 24.1% (‘Derm ≥ 3’) to 80.9% (‘Derm≥1’). NPV for ‘Derm≥1’ was 80.9%, while NPV for all other algorithms was ≤ 35.1%. Percent misclassification for the six algorithms ranged from 11.0% (‘Derm≥ 1’) to 46.3% (‘Derm≥ 3’). Increased frequency of code applied also resulted in corresponding significant increases in percent misclassification. Within class, percent misclassification fo...
Dealing with Resistance in Social Work Practice

Resistance is a most useful sign of something going awry and that clarification of the relationship or issue is needed if service is to continue
Use of interactive simulations in pre-class learning activities

To facilitate an effective in-class discussion, students must engage with the material prior to class. Assigned textbook reading is the traditional way students are asked to prepare, with possibly a reading quiz due before class. While carefully designed reading quizzes can be effective, a different approach is to use unscripted pre-class learning activities that provide hands-on interaction with the material. I created pre-class learning activities for the “Descriptive Acoustics” class at Brigham young University that use interactive simulations available on the internet. Provided with basic instructions, the students explore the simulation and write a description of their experience using terminology from the corresponding textbook chapter. Exploration followed by writing, even if incorrect, has increased the level of student understanding and provides a natural way to have students participate in class as they describe their experiences. The pre-class exposure to the interactive simulations also increases the efficacy of using the simulations during class, as each student is familiar with the interface and thus can better follow the in-class demonstration. Interactive simulations are a powerful active-learning tool for the current generation of students but only if they have had personal experience with the simulation prior to seeing it in class.To facilitate an effective in-class discussion, students must engage with the material prior to class. Assigned textbook reading is the traditional way students are asked to prepare, with possibly a reading quiz due before class. While carefully designed reading quizzes can be effective, a different approach is to use unscripted pre-class learning activities that provide hands-on interaction with the material. I created pre-class learning activities for the “Descriptive Acoustics” class at Brigham young University that use interactive simulations available on the internet. Provided with basic instructions, the students explore the simulation and write a description of their experience using terminology from the corresponding textbook chapter. Exploration followed by writing, even if incorrect, has increased the level of student understanding and provides a natural way to have students participate in class as they describe their experiences. The pre-class exposure to the interactive simulations also increa...
Post-polymerization modification of phosphorus containing conjugated copolymers

Abstract A new phosphafluorene (PF) based monomer, featuring a phosphine oxide substituted with a dodecyl chain, was synthesized. PF was copolymerized with benzodithiophene (BDTT) to form the copolymer PPF-BDTT which has a donor (BDTT)–acceptor (PF) structure. For the first time, direct post-polymerization modifications were performed on the phosphorus center of phosphafluorene-containing conjugated polymers. With Lawesson's Reagent, PPF-BDTT was transformed from a phosphine oxide to a phosphine sulfide. Reduction of the phosphine oxide of PPF-BDTT with HSiCl3, followed by reaction with AuCl∙SMe2, produced PPF-BDTT-Au, which contains AuCl coordinated to the phosphafluorene moiety. PPF-BDTT, PPF-BDTT-S, and PPF-BDTT-Au were characterized optically and electrochemically and the results compared to related BDTT containing copolymers. PPF-BDTT and its derivatives were found to have high LUMO and HOMO levels and larger bandgaps compared to common donor-acceptor copolymers. Organic solar cells were fabricated from PPF-BDTT, PPF-BDTT-S, and PPF-BDTT-Au, although the performances of these devices were poor with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 0.13% to 0.60%.
Does Learning from Inspections Affect Environmental Performance? - Evidence from Unconventional Well Development in Pennsylvania

The R & P seminar held at Wing 11 Committee Room, IIM Ahmedabad on December 22, 2017 by Prof. Suresh Muthulingam, Pennsylvania State University on Does Learning from Inspections Affect Environmental Performance? - Evidence from Unconventional Well Development in Pennsylvania.
Activated Hydrogen Atom Tunneling Reactions in Solution

A theory of the tunneling reaction of an H atom transfer between radicals in solution is presented. The quantum motion of the H atom is treated in the adiabatic approximation while the heavy flanking groups are treated classically. The solvent-reaction system interaction is described via a Generalized Langevin equation. The theory is applied to the methyl radical-methane reaction in a compressed inert gas solvent. The tunneling rate constant is found to be influenced by solvent dynamics in only a minor way, and H/D isotope effects are predicted to be nearly the same as the gas phase values. The physical origin of these features is discussed.