cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Curricular Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Intimate Partner Violence among First-Year Dental Students.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has previously been recognized as a major public health issue. Oral healthcare providers, such as dentists, are crucial to the screening and identifying of individuals experiencing IPV, since most injuries occur in the head and neck region. A lack of knowledge and awareness regarding teaching and learning about IPV in dental school curricula has been identified. Based upon the overall lack of knowledge, the objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal assessment of knowledge, awareness, and beliefs regarding IPV among dental students in their first year of education. Methods: All students (n = 245) from three consecutive, first-year dental student cohorts (n = 81, n = 82, n = 82) were provided a brief and voluntary in-class survey in conjunction with an instructional workshop. The survey included questions designed to ascertain knowledge, awareness, and beliefs regarding IPV as a healthcare and dental issue before and after the instructional session. Differences in responses to the questions before and after the IPV educational workshop were measured using paired t-tests. Results: A total of n = 232 completed pre- and post-responses were received from all three first-year dental student cohorts (n = 76, n = 80, n = 76), representing an overall 94.6% response rate. Analysis of these data showed that the student population was predominantly male and white (non-minority), aged in their mid- to late twenties, with most students reporting no previous IPV education. The few students reporting previous IPV education were mainly younger (<25 years), which may represent more recent endeavors to increase awareness of IPV among students currently attending colleges and universities. Conclusions: The results of this study may suggest that information-specific seminars within the curriculum might be adequate to provide dental students with awareness and knowledge of IPV and specific information regarding local resources and referrals for any patients experiencing IPV.
Examining the Prevalence of Peripartum Depressive Symptoms in a Border Community.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common complications in pregnancy, affecting 10% to 20% of women. Untreated peripartum depression increases the risk of adverse life events, more considerable distress, homelessness, and illness later in life. This study explored the prevalence of peripartum depression and associated demographic characteristics in a population of low-income, Healthy Start program participants in one New Mexico county along the U.S.-Mexico border where knowledge of depression prevalence is lacking. Materials and Methods: Healthy Start caseworkers routinely administered the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to all pregnant and recently pregnant program participants between 2009 and 2017. Scores for the first prenatal screen, first postpartum screen, and all screens for 1453 women were studied. A score of >10 points out of a possible 30 indicated a positive screen. Screening outcome was examined in relation to age, race, ethnicity, primary language, and trimester of the prenatal screen. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were generated from logistic regression models. Results: Overall, 16.4% of women screened positive for depression. English-speaking women, non-Hispanic white women, and those ages >35 years were more likely to screen positive. Women >35 years also had higher odds of reporting thoughts of self-harm than younger women. Conclusion: In this low-income border population, non-Hispanic white, English-speaking women over the age of 35 were at the greatest risk of peripartum depression. These findings underscore the need for peripartum depression screening in this population.
Impact of Commercial Vendor on The Developmental Programming of Later Chronic Health

Low birth weight is associated with increased risk of metabolic disease including hypertension in later life. Reduced uterine perfusion (RUP) in timed pregnant SD rats purchased from Harlan induces...
Computational modeling of environmental plutonyl mono-, di- and tricarbonate complexes with Ca counterions: Structures and spectra: Puo2(CO3)22-, PuO2(CO3)2Ca, and PuO2(CO3)3Ca3

Abstract We have computed the structures, and select vibrational spectra, electron density and molecular orbital contour plots of plutonium(VI) complexes of environmental importance such as [PuO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 ] 2− and [PuO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ] 4− . We show that Ca 2+ is efficacious in gas-phase modeling of electronic and spectroscopic properties of multiply charged plutonyl di and tricarbonate anions through complexes such as PuO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 Ca and [PuO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 Ca 3 ] 2+ .
Neonucleoproteins. Preparation and high-performance liquid chromatographic characterization of succinyl-lysozyme-diaminooctyl-polycytidylic acid and related polycytidylic acid conjugates.

Abstract Transamination conjugates of cytidine-3′-phosphate and polycytidylic acid (poly C) with diaminopropane, diaminohexane and diaminooctane (DAO) are formed both at 25°C and 60°C. The extent of reaction and formation of side products, with intermittent hydrolysis to mononucleotides in the case of aminoalkyl-poly C, is monitored by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Both Dns-DAO-poly C and succinyl-lysozyme-DAO-poly C covalent conjugates are then prepared and similarly characterized, including separation on a size-exclusion diol high-performance liquid chromatography column. The retention of the latter on a wide-pore reversed-phase column seems to be controlled by the protein moiety.
Keynote Address: The Changing Environment

What I wanted to spend a few minutes talking about is changes it the environment and purpose in which protocols are conducted. When Mike Schroder and I wrote our paper in 1977, published in 1978, one of the things we did was to be quite explicit about what we assumed to do with the environment. We assumed that we had principals, whether human or mechanical, that wanted to establish a secure connection, and the assumption was that the principals themselves worked in the way they were supposed to work. If they were people they were honest people, if they were programs they were correct programs. But the environment was thoroughly wicked and everything about the environment conducted itself so as to cause the whole procedure to fail if it possibly could.
Abstract 3859: MicoRNAs in regulation of colon cancer stem cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Accumulating evidence supports the contention that epithelial cancers, including sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), the incidence of which increases sharply after the age of 50 years, are diseases driven by self-renewing cancer stem/stem-like cells (CSCs). We have reported that CSC population in the colonic mucosa increases with advancing age. This was accompanied by a concomitant rise in microRNA-21 (miR-21) and reduction in miR-145 in the colonic mucosa. Interestingly, increased levels of miR-21 and reduction in miR-145 were noted in the colonic mucosa of patients with adenomatous polyps or CRC. These observations prompted us to speculate a role for miR-21 and miR-145 in regulating CSCs in the colonic mucosa. Indeed, we found that overexpression of miR-21 in colon cancer cells greatly increases CSCs and also induces tumor growth. An opposite phenomenon was noted in colon cancer cells where miR-145 was upregulated through stable transfection. In addition, studies utilizing SCID mice xenograft model of colon cancer showed that administration of either antagomir-21 (anti-sense miR-21) or excess miR-145 greatly inhibited the growth of tumors of colon cancer cells, when compared with the controls. This reduction in growth was associated with decreased expression of CD44, B-catenin and Sox-2 and induction of CK-20. In vitro cell culture studies have further demonstrated miR-21 to regulate miR-145 and vice versa. Although the precise mechanism(s) by which miR-21 or miR-145 regulates CSCs in the colonic mucosa during the progression of CRC is unknown, our in vitro studies suggest that they induce differentiation of colon CSCs. The latter was evidenced by the increased expression of CK-20 in colon cancer cells following downregulation of miR-21 and upregulation of 145. In contrast, Sox-2 expression is decreased following overexpression of miR-145. In conclusion, our current observations suggest that miR-21 and miR-145, that are upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the colonic mucosa during aging and CRC, play critical roles in regulating CSCs in the colon. Citation Format: Yingjie Yu, Nangia-Makker Pratima, Sindhu Rajendra, Edi Levi, Adhip P. N. Majumdar. MicoRNAs in regulation of colon cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3859. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3859
An Adaptive Method for Induction Motor Control

The paper addresses the problem of adapting model-based control laws for induction motors in the presence of uncertainty or parametric variation. A procedure is presented that can be used for the real-time estimation of the parameters and the rotor fluxes of induction motors. The estimation method is based on a standard model of the induction motor, expressed in rotor coordinates. It is assumed that current and position (or velocity) measurements are available. Experimental results are reported, and the ability of the algorithm to rapidly estimate the motor parameters is demonstrated. The results are validated using different experiments and compared with those obtained using a standard frequency response test at standstill.
The turn rate indicator - Its interpretation as affected by installation and true airspeed

Turn rate gyro installation angle and airspeed effects on instrument reliability, presenting in-flight investigation results relative to turn rate information usefulness under various flight conditions
Modeling ozone penetration through the wall assembly using computational fluid dynamics

Outdoor pollutants, such as ozone, can penetrate into the indoor environment through the wall assemblies and influence the indoor air quality (IAQ). Ozone can also react with chemical compounds (i.e., d-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, styrene, etc.) within the wall assemblies to create secondary emissions causing IAQ concerns. This study developed a modeling framework for predicting ozone penetration through building envelope systems. The transport process of ozone through leakage paths was numerically simulated by two approaches: (1) a species transport model plus a chemical reaction model and (2) a user-defined scalar (UDS) transport model plus a user-defined deposition model. A simplified method to simulate ozone transport through fibrous media was also developed in a UDS model based on the analysis of two deposition mechanisms: (1) transport-limited deposition and (2) surface uptake of the fiber. The model was successfully applied to a typical residential wall assembly, assuming crack heights of 1 mm (0...
Microphones and Their Calibration

The condenser microphone continues to be the standard against which other microphones are calibrated. A brief discussion of the theory of the condenser microphone, including its open-circuit voltage, electrical transfer impedance, and mechanical response, is given. The most precise method of calibration, the reciprocity pressure calibration method for laboratory standard microphones is discussed in detail, beginning with the principles of the reciprocity method. Corrections for heat conduction, equivalent volume, capillary tube, wave motion, barometric pressure and temperature are necessary to achieve the most accurate open-circuit sensitivity of condenser microphones.
Cardiac response to centrally administered echinocandin antifungals.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the echinocandin antifungals on the cardiac system, including cardiac output, blood pressure and heart rate, when administered in an in-vivo model. Methods The echinocandin antifungals were administered via central line to male Sprague–Dawley rats. Cardiac imaging and functional measurements were made using a high-resolution in-vivo imaging system. Statistical comparisons of the experimental antifungals versus saline control were made using a Student's t-test. Key findings In cardiac output (CO) measurements, caspofungin was associated with a bimodal distribution in results at 3 mg/kg. Those with little response, termed ‘non-vulnerable’ animals (n = 3) had no significant change in CO from baseline (−4.6 ± 10.7%). Other animals, termed ‘vulnerable’ animals (n = 3 at 3 mg/kg and those dosed at 6 mg/kg (n = 6)), experienced greater than 60% decrease in CO (−66.4 ± 13.1% at 3 mg/kg and −62.9 ± 13.0% at 6 mg/kg, P < 0.05). A dose of 5 mg/kg anidulafungin was associated with no significant changes in CO (−16.1 ± 26%), while 11.5 mg/kg decreased CO by 62.7 ± 19.4% from baseline (P < 0.05). With micafungin 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg doses, changes in CO were not significant (−16.7 ± 2.1% and −18.2 ± 1.9%, respectively). Conclusions These studies provide substantial evidence to support ex-vivo Langendorff and in-vitro mitochondrial studies demonstrating a similar pharmacological event. Clinical reports of similar effects also support these findings.
Sarcolemmal disruption in reloaded atrophic skeletal muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine whether reloading of atrophied skeletal muscle after 28 days of hind-limb unloading (HU) would produce significant sarcolemmal membrane disruption before frank necrosis. Soleus and plantaris muscles were atrophied by HU. Adult female Wistar rats (N = 13) were killed at 28 days of unloading and 4 and 7 days of reloading after HU. Rat serum albumin was used as a marker for muscle fiber disruption. Dark intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rat serum albumin antibody was interpreted as evidence of membrane rupture. There was a significantly different time course of disruption between plantaris and soleus muscles, with a negative correlation between cell size and occurrence of disruption. Fourteen percent of plantaris fibers were wounded after HU, peaking at day 4 of reloading (20% of cross-sectional area). Soleus demonstrated disruption only on reloading peaking in severity at day 7 (14% of fibers). It was demonstrated that sarcolemmal disruption due to atrophy and reloading does not always progress to necrosis and degeneration by the 7th day of recovery.
Impact of on-die decoupling on the core and IO supplies of high performance microprocessors

In this paper, we present an empirical validation of the power supply decoupling with particular emphasis on on-die capacitance. We investigate the effect of the decoupling on both the core and IO performance. The validation approach consists of building several silicon wafers of high performance processors with various amounts of decoupling. Extensive measurements are then done at the silicon, package, and system levels. Finally we offer some theoretical insights to explain the unexpected behavior.
Childhood Cumulative Risk Exposure and Adult Amygdala Volume and Function

Considerable work indicates that early cumulative risk exposure is aversive to human development, but very little research has examined the neurological underpinnings of these robust findings. This study investigates amygdala volume and reactivity to facial stimuli among adults (mean 23.7 years of age, n = 54) as a function of cumulative risk exposure during childhood (9 and 13 years of age). In addition, we test to determine whether expected cumulative risk elevations in amygdala volume would mediate functional reactivity of the amygdala during socioemotional processing. Risks included substandard housing quality, noise, crowding, family turmoil, child separation from family, and violence. Total and left hemisphere adult amygdala volumes were positively related to cumulative risk exposure during childhood. The links between childhood cumulative risk exposure and elevated amygdala responses to emotionally neutral facial stimuli in adulthood were mediated by the corresponding amygdala volumes. Cumulative risk exposure in later adolescence (17 years of age), however, was unrelated to subsequent adult amygdala volume or function. Physical and socioemotional risk exposures early in life appear to alter amygdala development, rendering adults more reactive to ambiguous stimuli such as neutral faces. These stress-related differences in childhood amygdala development might contribute to the well-documented psychological distress as a function of early risk exposure.
Mothers And Mastery: The Consequences Of Perceived Neighborhood Disorder

Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of mothers, we specify the conditions under which the neighborhood context shapes the experience of mastery. In so doing, we extend t...
Performance trade-offs in the flight initiation of Drosophila.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster performs at least two distinct types of flight initiation. One kind is a stereotyped escape response to a visual stimulus that is mediated by the hard-wired giant fiber neural pathway, and the other is a more variable `voluntary' response that can be performed without giant fiber activation. Because the simpler escape take-offs are apparently successful, it is unclear why the fly has multiple pathways to coordinate flight initiation. In this study we use high-speed videography to observe flight initiation in unrestrained wild-type flies and assess the flight performance of each of the two types of take-off. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of take-off sequences indicates that wing use during the jumping phase of flight initiation is essential for stabilizing flight. During voluntary take-offs, early wing elevation leads to a slower and more stable take-off. In contrast, during visually elicited escapes, the wings are pulled down close to the body during take-off, resulting in tumbling flights in which the fly translates faster but also rotates rapidly about all three of its body axes. Additionally, we find evidence that the power delivered by the legs is substantially greater during visually elicited escapes than during voluntary take-offs. Thus, we find that the two types of Drosophila flight initiation result in different flight performances once the fly is airborne, and that these performances are distinguished by a trade-off between speed and stability.
Two-suture technique for pulmonary artery anastomosis in orthotopic heart transplantation

Distortion of the pulmonary artery anastomosis due to the size mismatch between the recipient's pulmonary trunk and the donor's pulmonary artery was the cause of acute right ventricular failure after cardiac transplantation. The problem was corrected with a two-suture technique, which has been used subsequently.
Proximal Promoter Sequences of Sunflower Helianthinin Genes Confer Regionalized Seed-Specific Expression

Summary DNA elements involved in the regulation of two sunflower helianthinin genes were identified by analysis of α -glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transgenic tobacco driven by sequences derived from the 5' upstream regions of these genes. We previously showed that a 2.4-kb upstream region of the helianthinin gene Ha G3-A conferred seed-specific GUS expression in transgenic tobacco (Bogue et al., 1990). A 5' deletion series of the helianthinin promoter identified a proximal promoter region that conferred significant regionalized GUS expression in seeds but not in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Three sequence motifs that bind to seed nuclear proteins were identified in the proximal promoter region. Mutations in these motifs significantly reduced the level of nuclear protein binding and the level of seed-specific expression.
On the effective two body magnetic dipole operator

Abstract Second order corrections of magnetic moments are decomposed into one body and two body effects. The latter is estimated for nuclei with two holes or two particles beyond an LS closed shell. The result shows that the effect is negligibly small.
The development of homeothermy in the American goldfinch.

1. 1. The development of homeothermy for the American goldfinch is similar to that for bird species of similar size (12–14 g). 2. 2. Analysis of growth data best fits the logistic model with a specific rate of growth (K) equal to 0.39. 3. 3. Nine to eleven day old birds thermoregulated at or near adult levels. 4. 4. The effects of nest construction, brood size, and microclimate on effective homeothermy are discussed.
Atomic-scale control of competing electronic phases in ultrathin LaNiO3

In an effort to scale down electronic devices to atomic dimensions1, the use of transition-metal oxides may provide advantages over conventional semiconductors. Their high carrier densities and short electronic length scales are desirable for miniaturization2, while strong interactions that mediate exotic phase diagrams3 open new avenues for engineering emergent properties4,5. Nevertheless, understanding how their correlated electronic states can be manipulated at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to uncover an abrupt destruction of Fermi liquid-like quasiparticles in the correlated metal LaNiO3 when confined to a critical film thickness of two unit cells. This is accompanied by the onset of an insulating phase as measured by electrical transport. We show how this is driven by an instability to an incipient order of the underlying quantum many-body system, demonstrating the power of artificial confinement to harness control over competing phases in complex oxides with atomic-scale precision. An insulating phase abruptly emerges in LaNiO3 when its thickness is reduced to only two unit cells.
Structure and Adsorbate Interactions of Vanadium in a Vanadium Silicate (VS-1) Molecular Sieve

A medium pore vanadium silicate molecular sieve VS-1 with the ZSM-5 structure was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin−echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies to determine the vanadium structure and interaction with various adsorbate molecules. The VS-1 material is compared with ion-exchanged VO2+-ZSM-5 and impregnated V/silicalite-1 materials. As-synthesized VS-1 contains two vanadyl species with distorted octahedral coordination. Deviating from earlier assignments, we assign one of these species to VO(H2O)2+ based on ESEM results. The other species is suggested to be a similar complex in which the water molecule is replaced by a hydroxyl ion interacting with a tetrapropylammonium ion. The VO2+ ions oxidize to V5+ on calcination and then form a V5+···H2O complex after room-temperature hydration. Calcined, hydrated VS-1, after dehydration at elevated temperature, shows vanadyl species with square pyramidal geometry involving four framework oxygens. High-temperature H2 or CO treatment o...
Reducing the unexpectedly high rate of injuries caused by NOTES gastrotomy creation

Background Despite the wide range of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures reported to date using a transgastric endoscopic approach, complications associated with gastrotomy creation have not been described. This study was conducted to identify the incidence and types of complications related to gastrotomy creation with the needle knife puncture and balloon dilatation technique for NOTES access to the peritoneal cavity.
Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of Vitreloy glasses containing low fractions of late transition metals

Corrosion resistance and fatigue performance of Vitreloy glasses with low fractions of late transition metals (LTMs) in 0.6 M NaCl are investigated and compared to a traditional Vitreloy glass and other crystalline alloys. Owing to their ability to form uniform passive films, low LTM Vitreloy glasses exhibit corrosion rates that are an order of magnitude lower than those of other alloys considered. The fatigue ratios in solution are substantially lower than crystalline alloys considered and similar to traditional Vitreloy glasses, which fail at low stresses due to limited repassivation in solution.
A study upon passive immunity in experimental trichiniasis.

Protection against infection with Trichinella spiralis is conferred upon mice by the passive transfer to them of a specific immune serum from rabbits. A smaller percentage of mice treated with the immune serum die, and fewer larvae invade the muscles of the treated mice than among control animals. The action of the antibody of the immune serum appears to be directed specifically against the ingested larvae which are maturing to adult worms in the intestine of the infected animals. The results obtained thus far indicate that an immune serum would have little therapeutic value in the later stages of the disease.
Combinatorial Control of Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors and Coregulators

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors regulates gene expression in response to endocrine signaling, and recruitment of coregulators affords these receptors considerable functional flexibility. We will place historical aspects of NR research in context with current opinions on their mechanism of signal transduction, and we will speculate upon future trends in the field.
Ciliary ganglion choline acetyltransferase activity in avian macrophthalmos

While present evidence fails to support an etiologic mechanism for myopia based on accommodation or choroidal blood flow, atropine exhibits anti-myopia activity in many species. Accordingly, we studied choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activity in the ciliary ganglion, uvea and retina of chicks with experimental macrophthalmos to identify a potential pathway for the moderation of eye growth by cholinergic neurons. Following unilateral lid suture or goggle, chicks were reared for 1 week under one of four lighting conditions known to induce macrophthalmos or myopia. Ocular tissues and ciliary ganglia were assayed for ChAT activity by measuring the conversion of 14 C-acetyl CoA to 14 C-acetylcholine. For some chicks, the goggles were removed at 1 week, and ChAT activity was measured 2 or 7 days later. Depending on the rearing condition, ciliary ganglion ChAT activity was depressed from 16 to 28% ipsilateral to the lid suture; enzyme activity also was reduced in the choroid of visually deprived eyes under most conditions. In contrast, lid suture resulted in no consistent trend in ChAT activity in either the anterior uvea or retina. For chicks wearing a unilateral goggle and reared under a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle, ChAT activity was depressed in the ciliary ganglion, anterior uvea and choroid on the visually deprived side. Following goggle removal to allow recovery from myopia, ChAT activity in the ciliary ganglion and uvea was returned toward that of the control side. The ciliary ganglion may participate in a neural pathway influencing the development of form-deprivation myopia.
A fault-tolerant adaptive and minimal routing approach in n-D meshes

In this paper a sufficient condition is given for minimal routing in n-dimensional (n-D) meshes with faulty nodes contained in a set of disjoint fault regions. It is based on an early work of the author on minimal routing in low dimension meshes (such as 2-D meshes with faulty blocks). Unlike many traditional models that assume all the nodes know global fault distribution, our approach is based on the concept of limited global fault information. First, a fault model called fault region is used in which all faulty nodes in the system are contained in a set of disjoint regions. Fault information is coded in a 2n-tuple called extended safety level associated with each node of an n-D mesh to support minimal routing. Specifically, we study the existence of minimal paths at a given source node, limited distribution of fault information, minimal routing, and deadlock-free routing. Our results show that any minimal routing that is partially adaptive can still be applied as long as the destination node meets a certain safety condition. A dynamic planar-adaptive routing scheme is presented that offers better fault tolerance and adaptivity than the regular planar-adaptive routing scheme in n-D meshes.
Theory of electromagnetic cyclotron wave growth in a time‐varying magnetoplasma

The effect of a time-dependent perturbation in the magnetoplasma on the wave and particle populations is investigated using the Kennel-Petchek (1966) approach. Perturbations in the cold plasma density, energetic particle distribution, and resonance condition are calculated on the basis of the ideal MHD assumption given an arbitrary compressional magnetic field perturbation. An equation is derived describing the time-dependent growth rate for parallel propagating electromagnetic cyclotron waves in a time-varying magnetoplasma with perturbations superimposed on an equilibrium configuration.
An infrared study of the oxidation of carbon monoxide over supported rhodium catalysts

Abstract The reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen over supported rhodium films has been studied using infrared spectroscopy. The focus of the work was the reactivity of the various CO/Rh/X (X = Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2) surface states for supported catalysts having high and low Rh loading. Under the reaction conditions the “linear CO” species was the most stable toward oxidation, but this could have been a result of an oxidized Rh surface. A new CO/Rh surface species has been proposed which exhibits an infrared band at 2000 cm−1 for a 0.5% Rh/TiO2 film. This species is believed to be a bridged carbonyl between Rh1+ and the TiO2 support.
Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, and Burnout: Factors Impacting a Professional's Quality of Life

This study examined the relationship between three variables, compassion fatigue (CF), compassion satisfaction (CS), and burnout, and provider and setting characteristics in a sample of 1,121 mental health providers in a rural southern state. Respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale as part of a larger survey of provider practice patterns. Female gender was associated with higher levels of CF, and therapists with specialized training in trauma work reported higher levels of CS than nonspecialists. Provider discipline proved to be an important factor, with psychiatrists reporting higher levels of CF than their non-medicalcounterparts. When providers were compared using rural, urban, and rural with urban influence classifications, the most rural providers reported increased levels of burnout but could not be distinguished from their colleagues on the CF and CS subscales. Important practice, education, and policy implications are noted for a multidisciplinary audience.
Window Frame or "Superferric" Magnet Design for Low B(<3t) Heavy Ion Storage Ring Study

Double magnets share common laminations without magnetic coupling. Single layer coils of rectangular conductor are dry wound on extruded bore tubes. Magnet construction requires no molding or prestress. Absence of superconducting (SC) magnetization fields in the aperture results in very large dynamic range. The coil is wound continuously across the midplane to give unusually large dynamic aperture. Above ~2.2 T saturation is corrected by simple sextupole windings with no inductive coupling to the dipole. Ultrastable design requires no internal quench protection. A quadrupole pair of novel design gives excellent field quality to B > 2 T without corrections, with no SC magnetization. Experience shows magnets are accurate enough for the assembly to take place at its final location. No training is required. Test procedures (measurements with search coils or with the beam) and cooldown properties are discussed.
Recognition site for the platelet receptor is present on the 15-residue carboxy-terminal fragment of the γ chain of human fibrinogen and is not involved in the fibrin polymerization reaction

Abstract A pentadecapeptide, derived from a staphylococcal protease digest of the 27-residue carboxy-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of human fibrinogen γ chain, inhibits binding of 125I-fibrinogen to human platelet receptors and aggregation of platelets induced by ADP and fibrinogen. Amino acid composition and NH2 terminal analysis indicate that the isolated pentadecapeptide corresponds to residues 397 to 411 of the γ chain. A synthetic peptide also inhibited binding of 125I-fibrinogen and aggregation of platelets. In contrast, the isolated pentadecapeptide and its parent 27-residue fragment lack inhibitory activity toward the polymerization reaction of fibrin monomer. Thus, the site recognizing the platelet receptor encompasses residues 397–411 of the γ chain of fibrinogen and is distinct from the site(s) involved in polymerization of fibrin monomers.
Comparison of the economic potential of aquaculture, land animal husbandry and ocean fisheries: The case of Taiwan

Abstract From a protein nutrition point of view, it is cheaper to grow some aquatic rather than land animals in Taiwan. The rate of return on investment is higher in aquaculture than in ocean fishing and pig farming. Aquaculture already occupies an important position in Taiwan's food economy and is likely to further increase in magnitude, especially if its potential were enhanced by government and industry sponsored development programs.
Effect of metals and other inorganic ions on soil microbial activity: soil dehydrogenase assay as a simple toxicity test

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the utility of the soil dehydrogenase assay as an effective primary test for assessing the potential toxicity of chemicals to soil microbial activity. In this manuscript the authors describe their use of the soil dehydrogenase assay in determining the effects of a number of potential toxic inorganic ions on soil microbial activity. The ions include Cu/sup 2 +/, Mg/sup 2 +/, Ni/sup 2 +/, Zn/sup 2 +/, NH/sub 4//sup +/, Cd/sup 2 +/, Cr/sup 32/, F/sup -/, AsO/sub 4//sup 3 -/, BO/sub 3//sup 3 -/, and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/.
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder?☆

During the last 25 years the concept of a chronic autoimmune process leading to the development of insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) has emerged. The presence of two animal models for IDD, the BB rat and the NOD mouse, has improved our ability to understand the process leading to beta cell destruction. The hallmark of an autoimmune disease is the characteristic pathologic lesion of mononuclear infiltration of the pancreatic islets. Further histologic studies of the diabetic pancreas have identified the type of cells infiltrating the islets and led to the concept of pancreatic beta cells capable of presenting antigen. The initial description of linkage disequilibrium of HLA DR3 and DR4 alleles with IDD has now progressed to the molecular level with the identification of residue 57 of the HLA DQ beta chain as crucial to the genetic predisposition to IDD. Autoantibodies to cytoplasmic antigens (ICA), surface antigens, or a membrane protein of 64 kDa identified by immunoprecipitation, autoantibodies to secreted products such as insulin and proinsulin, and autoantibodies that are cytotoxic to cultured beta cells are islet specific autoantibodies that have been described. Some are probably only markers of immunologic activity; others might participate in the destruction itself. The use of ICA as a screening tool has been successful in identifying individuals prior to the onset of IDD. Widespread cellular immunological defects have been identified both in animal models and in man. In the BB rat, a seeming paradox of severe immunodeficiency occurs in an animal with autoaggressive destruction of beta cells. More subtle defects in immunoregulation have been described in the NOD mouse and in human IDD. The response of IDD in both animal models and in man to immunomodulation and to immunosuppression offers further evidence of an immunologically mediated disease. However, some therapies in the animal models, not typically considered immunologic, such as protein restriction and insulin therapy, have prevented IDD. The possibility of intervening prior to the onset of clinical disease at the level either of the initial process of recognition of the pancreatic beta cell as a target organ or of the effector mechanism is approaching a reality in human IDD.
Performance modeling for multisensor tracking and classification

Multisensor Fusion allow us to combine information from sensors with different physical characteristics to enhance the understanding of our surroundings and provide the basis for planning and decision-making. Much effort has been made toward the development of building different types of fusion methodologies and architectures. However, it would be desirable if we could estimate the performance of fusion systems before we implement them. This paper presents a performance model to evaluate the multisensor tracking systems where both kinematics and classification components are considered. Secifically, we focus our effort on classification performance prediction by defining the local confusion matrix and global confusion matrix and develop an analytical method to estimate the probability of correct classification over time. Simulation results that support the analytic approaches are also included.
A kaleidoscope career perspective on faculty sabbaticals

Purpose – Although the sabbatical leave is an integral part of academic life, there has been relatively little empirical, theory-driven research of the process. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the limited research on faculty sabbaticals with the careers literature to offer a new approach for the study of this important tool for faculty development. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the empirical studies on faculty sabbaticals was performed and used in conjunction with the kaleidoscope career model (KCM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to develop a model to guide future research. Findings – The decision to take a sabbatical is complex and may have long-lasting implications for an individual's career. It is important to examine how factors that impact the perceived feasibility of the sabbatical (e.g. organization, country social norms) and desirability (e.g. need for authenticity, balance and challenge) influence the decisions, goals and outcomes of the sabbatical. Research limita...
Interfacial layer structure at alcohol/silica interfaces probed by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy

Abstract Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe the adsorption of C1–C4 1-alcohol molecules at both vapor/silica and liquid/silica interfaces. The observed CH stretching spectra show that alcohol molecules adsorbed on silica with methyl groups pointing away from the interface. Reduction of the symmetric modes and enhancement of the antisymmetric modes of alcohol at liquid/silica interfaces are understood from a model of oppositely oriented molecules forming a bilayer at the interfaces.
Influence of Watershed Runoff on Nutrient Dynamics in a Southern California Salt Marsh

The effect of freshwater runoff on nutrient loading and dynamics was studied in Carpinteria Salt Marsh, a typically small (93 ha) southern California, U.S.A., estuary adjoining a watershed supporting extensive agricultural and urban development. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate, but not ammonium or phosphate, were elevated in stream flow and perched groundwater in the watershed, relative to marsh surface waters. Loading of nitrate and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from the watershed, but not ammonium or phosphate, increased as a function of stream discharge. Estimates of net nutrient exchange over selected tidal cycles suggested that the marsh exported nitrate, ammonium and PON to the Santa Barbara Channel. Nitrate and PON were advected from the watershed through the marsh while ammonium was produced within the marsh and exported. The availability of imported nitrogen for primary production may be limited by marsh tidal elevation as most nitrogen inputs are throughput to the Santa Barbara Channel.
Chemical and Immunological Characterization of Galactosyl‐β1‐3‐Globoside in Bovine, Human, and Rat Brain

Our studies of bovine brain neutral glycosphingolipids (Ngsls) have revealed the presence of several short-chain (containing -CHO 1-4) and previously uncharacterized long-chain (-CHO > 4-5) Ngsls. We reported the structural characterization of brain GgOse4Cer (GA1) and have now purified another brain Ngsl to homogeneity. The purified Ngsl migrated close to standard GgOse4Cer and nLcOse5Cer on a TLC plate employing two different solvent systems. The carbohydrate molar composition indicated the presence of Gal/Glc/GalNAc in a ratio of 2.8:1.0:0.9. Five permethylated alditol acetate peaks were characterized as 2,3,4,6-OMe4Gal, 2,4,6-OMe3Gal, 2,3,6-OMe3Gal, 2,3,6-OMe3Glc, and 4,6-OMe2GalNAcMe by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anomeric carbohydrate sequence has been determined by specific exoglycosidase digestion. Six-hundred megahertz 1H NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharide released by ceramide glycanase hydrolysis confirmed the structure of the Ngsl as Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer or IV3GalGbOse4Cer. Using the immunooverlay technique with anti-stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 antibody, it was found in bovine, rat, and normal adult human brain and bovine myelin, but not in human or rat myelin.
Progesterone therapy in women with complex partial and secondary generalized seizures

This open trial assessed the effects of adjunctive progesterone therapy on seizure frequency in 25 women with catamenial exacerbation of complex partial (CPS) and secondary generalized motor (SGMS) seizures. Progesterone was well tolerated by 23 of the 25 women and had readily reversible dose-related side effects of asthenia and emotional depression in two. Eighteen women (72%) experienced a decline in seizure frequency during a 3-month treatment period compared with the 3 months prior to therapy (p < 0.01). Average daily CPS frequency declined by 54% (p < 0.01), SGMS by 58% (p < 0.02).
Stromal rejection following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty: implications for postoperative care

Purpose To better characterize stromal rejection in the context of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) to improve early diagnosis and proper management. Methods The clinical records of 22 patients undergoing DALK by 2 surgeons between October 2006 and January 2008 were reviewed to identify patients who experienced stromal rejection. The diagnosis was made after the demonstration of acute stromal edema and/or stromal neovascularization in the absence of confounding preoperative conditions, such as herpetic keratitis. The incidence and clinical features of stromal rejection were compared with other descriptions found in the literature. Results Five of 20 eligible patients experienced stromal rejection within 12 months. Two patients were on low-dose corticosteroids when diagnosed. Four of the 5 patients were treated aggressively with q1-3 hourly prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops. The fifth was treated less aggressively with a maximum dose of only q6 hourly prednisolone acetate 1% and subsequently experienced a second rejection episode less than 5 months later. All episodes resolved completely with treatment. Conclusions The incidence of stromal rejection in DALK is clinically significant, suggesting that these patients may benefit from corticosteroid regimens similar to those used in penetrating keratoplasty and implies that stromal rejection may be more common in penetrating keratoplasty than previously reported. If misdiagnosed or left untreated, stromal rejection can compromise graft clarity but prompt recognition and aggressive treatment can result in good anatomic and visual outcomes.
Teaching Young Children Self-regulation through Children’s Books

Today’s emphasis on using children’s literature as a tool to teach reading and writing sub-skills distracts teachers’ attention from looking to children’s books for their historical role in helping children navigate the intellectual, social, and emotional terrains of childhood. This article argues, first, that early childhood educators must remain fluent in the use of literature that supports young children’s psychosocial development. Second, teachers must establish criteria for choice. By way of example, it examines two popular books for young children, Sendak’s (1963) Where the Wild Things Are [New York: HarperCollins Publishers] and Shannon’s (1998) No, David! [New York: Blue Sky Press] Three theoretical perspectives guide the analysis. The first combines Dewey’s (1938/97) [Experience and education. New York:Touchstone] impetus for learning and Vygotsky’s (1978) [Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press] theory that learning precedes development through scaffolded social interaction. The second is Erikson’s (1950, 1985) [Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.] theory of psychosocial development in light of the 4–6-year-old’s drive towards self-regulation, control, and independence. The third is Rosenblatt’s (1978) [The reader, the text, the poem. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English] transactional nature of reading.
The Role of Technology in Health Care Innovation: A Commentary.

Information and communication technologies offer the opportunity for tremendous innovation in health care. Technology-based therapeutic and care coordination systems that embrace web, mobile, sensi...
Organizational downsizing and stress-related illness

Epidemiological evidence of physical correlates of stress for midlevel workers threatened by organizational restructuring, reorganization, and downsizing was obtained for seamen in the U. S. merchant fleet, an industry which has lost 75% of its jobs in a working lifetime. Illness reports of 22,763 seamen were analyzed to ascertain the relationship between job-related and situational stress factors and the occurrence of eight stress-related diseases (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, heart attack, psychoneurosis, suicide, peptic ulcer-gastritis, arthritis, and asthma). Rank difference was revealed as the primary determinant of disease occurrence rate. The licensed group, midlevel managers in both deck and engine departments, showed a significantly higher percentage of stress related illness than did the unlicensed group. Licensed deck personnel showed higher rates of cardiovascular disease, heart attack, psychoneurosis, suicide, and asthma. Licensed engine personnel showed higher rates of heart attack and asthma. Explanations for high stress levels among licensed personnel center around declining job opportunity due to downsizing and end-of-career anxiety. Other factors include the burdens of supervisory responsibility in an era of eroding management authority, accommodation to technological and situational change, and general aging of the merchant marine workforce.
Nutrition Education and Support Program for Community-Dwelling Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

To test the efficacy, acceptability, and appropriateness of a nutrition education and support program, 4 community-based group homes for adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities participated in a pilot intervention with extended baseline period and pre-post-test design. Adults (N = 32) with intellectual or developmental disabilities, 20 direct service staff, 4 managers of group homes, and 2 health specialists at private service providers participated in the intervention, consisting of a system of nutrition supports in nutrition education and guidelines, menu and meal planning, grocery shopping, and cooking designed for the special needs of this population. Positive impacts were found using the program, including fidelity measures, food systems changes and acceptability to users, planned and served foods, and cost changes associated with implementation.