cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classification and aural coding in short-term memory

Analysis of errors in a short-term memory task indicates that Ss adopted two possible coding strategies: digit vs. letter categorization and subvocal or aural rehearsal. White noise had no effect on types of errors made or on over-all performance, but did bring out the usually covert rehearsal process. Evidence from errors and effects of noise point to a reinterpretation of “auditory” coding in terms of kinesthetic feedback produced by subvocal rehearsal.
3D Signatures for Fast 3D Face Recognition

We propose a vector representation (called a 3D signature) for 3D face shape in biometrics applications. Elements of the vector correspond to fixed surface points in a face-centered coordinate system. Since the elements are registered to the face, comparisons of vectors to produce match scores can be performed without a probe to gallery alignment step such as an invocation of the iterated closest point (ICP) algorithm in the calculation of each match score. The proposed 3D face recognition method employing the 3D signature ran more than three orders of magnitude faster than a traditional ICP based distance implementation, without sacrificing accuracy. As a result, it is feasible to apply distance based 3D face biometrics to recognition scenarios that, because of computational constraints, may have previously been limited to verification. Our use of more complex shape regions, which is a trivial task with the use of 3D signatures, improves biometric performance over simple spherical cut regions used previously [1]. Experimental results with a large database of 3D images demonstrate the technique and its advantages.
Demonstration of a spectrally scanned holographic Stokesmeter

A holographic Stokesmeter (HSM) utilizes the inherent polarization sensitivity of volume gratings to determine all the Stokes parameters of input beams. A unique feature of the HSM is that it can be designed for spectral multiplexing at a high speed. Here, we report the demonstration of such a spectrally scanning HSM for two different wavelengths. Integration of such an HSM with a polarimetric imaging system will produce a device of potentially significant practical usage: a multi-spectral Stokes parameter camera (MSPC).
A time linear arrival approach to the control of flexible structures

While a bang-off-bang command is the time optimal command for maneuvering a rigid body, when implemented in a flexible structure significant residual vibration can result. To reduce residual vibration, an algorithm that has been used is to approach the destination linearly in the phase plane. While this significantly reduces vibration, the method results in an exponential time domain expression that can take a very long time. This paper presents an arrival algorithm that decreases linearly in the time domain. The result is a maneuver that takes longer than a bang-off-bang command, but is less aggressive. When compared to the phase linear arrival approach the time linear arrival is more aggressive, but can be completed in a specified amount of time.
Mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: Although the vast majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) respond to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate, resistance might occur de novo or during treatment. Methods: The authors reviewed the known mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to imatinib and other TKIs used in the management of CML. Results: Mutations within the kinase domain of BCR-ABLI account for 30% to 40% of cases of imatinib resistance. Other mechanisms include BCR-ABLI amplification, overexpression of the SRC family of kinases, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors. Conclusions: Although not all resistance mechanisms have been identified and understood, several agents based on the known mechanisms have alrea dy been designed and developed and are beginning clinical trials. Several factors are associated with imatinib resistance, and some interventions have already been designed to reverse this clinical problem.
Sorting n objects with a k-sorter

A k-sorter is a device that sorts k objects in unit time. The complexity of an algorithm that uses a k-sorter is defined as the number of applications of the k-sorter. In this measure, the complexity of sorting n objects is between n log n/k log k and 4n log n/k log k, up to first-order terms in n and k. >
COPD severity classification using principal component and cluster analysis on HRV parameters

The application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis (PCA-CA) using heart rate variability (HRV) parameters to identify the most severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects in a mixture of normal and COPD population is discussed. These parameters were obtained from real physiological data and cross-spectral analysis (i.e. the coherence and partial coherence between heart rate, blood pressure and respiration signals). Results demonstrated that these two groups could be differentiated with greater than 99.0% accuracy. Furthermore, differences on the same HRV parameters between all four severity levels of COPD subjects were also investigated. These groups were differentiated with over 88.0% accuracy. In analyzing the studied data of the COPD population, the technique correctly characterized 8.5% of COPD group as severe COPD. It was concluded that the PCA-CA technique identified the combination of parameters that can classify disease severity (COPD) as well as differences between normal and COPD subjects in a mixed population. The PCA-CA technique could perhaps also be used to classify other diseases non-invasively.
STUDIES OF THE PHYSIOLOGIC ROLE OF GLUCAGON.

By means of an exquisitely sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassay, glucagon has been measured in the plasma of dogs and man for the first time. Its identification in the effluent plasma of the pancreas and the demonstration of alterations in its secretion induced by changes in blood glucose concentration support the view that it is a true hormone with a major role in blood glucose regulation. Glucagon secretion has been shown to rise during all forms of glucose need; this rise is suppressed by glucose refeeding. This favors the concept of glucagon as a hormone of glucose need, the function of which is to maximize hepatic glucose production when food is not available, thereby serving to maintain the flow of glucose to the brain. The current status of efforts to identify a disorder of glucagon secretion in man is reviewed briefly.
Conflicting Discourses Functional Linguistic and Discourse Analyses of Pocahontas Texts in Bilingual Third-Grade Social Studies

This article provides micro analysis of one representative incident from a larger qualitative study to examine how third-grade bilingual students and their teacher negotiated academic disciplinary ...
Molecular and functional characterization of a novel splice variant of ANKHD1 that lacks the KH domain and its role in cell survival and apoptosis.

Multiple ankyrin repeat motif-containing proteins play an important role in protein–protein interactions. ANKHD1 proteins are known to possess multiple ankyrin repeat domains and a single KH domain with no known function. Using yeast two-hybrid system analysis, we identified a novel splice variant of ANKHD1. This splice variant of ANKHD1, which we designated as HIV-1 Vpr-binding ankyrin repeat protein (VBARP), does not contain the signature KH domain, and codes for only a single ankyrin repeat motif. We characterized VBARP by molecular and functional analysis, revealing that VBARP is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues as well as cell lines of different lineage. In addition, blast searches indicated that orthologs and homologs to VBARP exist in different phyla, suggesting that VBARP might be evolutionarily conserved, and thus may be involved in basic cellular function(s). Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed the presence of two VBARP isoforms coding for 69 and 49 kDa polypeptides, respectively, that are primarily localized in the cytoplasm. Functional analysis using short interfering RNA approaches indicate that this gene product is essential for cell survival through its regulation of caspases. Taken together, these results indicate that VBARP is a novel splice variant of ANKHD1 and may play a role in cellular apoptosis (antiapoptotic) and cell survival pathway(s).
Seismic reflection character of the Cameroon volcanic line: Evidence for uplifted oceanic crust

Deep-imaging multifold seismic fines across submarine parts of the Cameroon volcanic line (west Africa-Gulf of Guinea) show asymmetric uplift of oceanic crust associated with extensive magmatism. The main pulse of uplift occurred after creation of a regional sequence boundary believed to be Miocene in age. The apparent synchroneity of uplift argues against the Cameroon line being a simple hotspot trace, as previously inferred. One plausible theory of origin for the seaward part of the Cameroon volcanic line and its asymmetric uplift geometry combines regional asthenospheric upwelling with restriction of magmatic egress to regularly spaced weak spots, corresponding to fracture-zone crossings. Horizontal motion and buckling also may have occurred along the Cameroon volcanic line.
Abstract 495: A Novel Test for Low Salt Sensitivity: Angiotensin type-II Receptor Recruitment After Dopamine-1 Receptor Stimulation in Urine-Derived Renal Proximal Tubule Cells

Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure is an inappropriate increase in blood pressure following high salt intake. Subjects in our clinical study were typed according to their salt-sensitivity status into 3 categories: High-Salt-Sensitive (HSS; ≥ 7 mmHg increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) on a high salt diet of 300 mEq of sodium, 17% prevalence), Low-Salt-Sensitive (LSS:, who paradoxically showed a ≥ 7 mmHg increase in MAP on a low salt diet of 10 mEq of sodium, 11% prevalence), and Salt-Resistant (SR, individuals who showed no significant increase in blood pressure on either diet, 72% prevalence). We previously demonstrated that LSS subjects show increased recruitment of the natriuretic dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) to the plasma membrane following a salt stimulation as compared to HSS subjects. Stimulation of the D1R in RPTC with fenoldopam (dopaminergic agonist) results in recruitment of the natriuretic angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R) to the cell surface. We hypothesized that LSS individuals may also demonstrate an enhanced AT2R RPTC membrane recruitment compared to HSS individuals when challenged with fenoldopam. In order to gain access to fresh RPTC from each subject, we isolated exfoliated RPTC from randomly voided urine from SR, LSS, and HSS subjects from our clinical study. We measured three subjects from each category with a minimum of three voids for each subject. We counted individual cells as independent events using both the confocal microscope (n=245) and the flow cytometer (n=5344). We found an inverse correlation between AT2R recruitment and the degree of salt-sensitivity of blood pressure. Fenoldopam stimulated AT2R recruitment as measured by confocal microscopy (y = -0.0047x + 0.4966, R2 = 0.2488, P<0.0001) and flow cytometry (y =-0.057x + 1.5645, R2=0.2912, P=0.0185). Flow cytometry provided a more sensitive diagnostic for LSS than HSS subjects. AT2R recruitment was more predictive of LSS than HSS. AT2R recruitment may be used as a rapid method to test for LSS individuals who need to be identified and encouraged to increase their sodium intake in order to avoid paradoxical hypertension.
Endothelial cell tumor growth is Ape/ref-1 dependent

Tumor-forming endothelial cells have highly elevated levels of Nox-4 that release H2O2 into the nucleus, which is generally not compatible with cell survival. We sought to identify compensatory mec...
Seafood Science: Advances in Chemistry, Technology and Applications, Edited by Se-Kwon Kim

The author provides a topical review of wide-ranging subjects pertinent to commercial wild-caught and cultured seafood species, their production on both regional and global scales, processing, mark...
Further Experiments Dealing with Embryonic Enucleation in Amblystoma

SummaryEmbryonic enucleation of A. punctatum, A. tigrinum and A. mexicanum (axolotl) has no significant effect upon the growth rate. The influence of the eyes upon color changes and possibly upon metamorphosis seems not to be related to any eye substance (hormone) developed within the eye itse1f. 1 No effect of embryonic enucleation upon the development of the gonads could be found in A. tigrinum up to 170 days after the embryonic stage nor in axolotls two years of age.
Three-way parallel independent component analysis for imaging genetics using multi-objective optimization

In the biomedical field, current technology allows for the collection of multiple data modalities from the same subject. In consequence, there is an increasing interest for methods to analyze multi-modal data sets. Methods based on independent component analysis have proven to be effective in jointly analyzing multiple modalities, including brain imaging and genetic data. This paper describes a new algorithm, three-way parallel independent component analysis (3pICA), for jointly identifying genomic loci associated with brain function and structure. The proposed algorithm relies on the use of multi-objective optimization methods to identify correlations among the modalities and maximally independent sources within modality. We test the robustness of the proposed approach by varying the effect size, cross-modality correlation, noise level, and dimensionality of the data. Simulation results suggest that 3p-ICA is robust to data with SNR levels from 0 to 10 dB and effect-sizes from 0 to 3, while presenting its best performance with high cross-modality correlations, and more than one subject per 1,000 variables. In an experimental study with 112 human subjects, the method identified links between a genetic component (pointing to brain function and mental disorder associated genes, including PPP3CC, KCNQ5, and CYP7B1), a functional component related to signal decreases in the default mode network during the task, and a brain structure component indicating increases of gray matter in brain regions of the default mode region. Although such findings need further replication, the simulation and in-vivo results validate the three-way parallel ICA algorithm presented here as a useful tool in biomedical data decomposition applications.
Teaching Principles of Patient-Centered Care During Radiology Residency.

Rationale and Objectives Patient-centered healthcare delivery has become increasingly established as a cornerstone of quality medical care, but teaching these principles in a radiology residency setting is often difficult and ineffective in a traditional lecture format. We developed a novel educational session in which actual patient letters about a healthcare provider are used to facilitate a case-based discussion of key principles of patient-centered care. Materials and Methods A novel patient letter-facilitated, case-based session was conducted at two different university-based teaching institutions. Prior to the educational session, patient letters introducing the principles of patient-centered care were distributed to residents for review. During the session, radiology-specific cases were discussed in the context of the principles introduced by the letters. A post-session survey was administered to evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of the session. Results Forty-six of the 61 session attendees (75%) completed the post session survey. Most respondents (93%) preferred this case-based, interactive session to a typical didactic session. A majority of the residents indicated that both the patient letters (64%) and radiology specific cases (73%) helped them think differently about how they interact with patients. They indicated that the session enhanced their understanding of professionalism (3.7 out of 5.0 [95% CI 3.4–4.0]) and increased their motivation to become more patient-centered (3.0 out of 4.0 [95% CI 2.8–3.3]). Conclusions Our findings suggest that patient letter-facilitated, case-based sessions may influence resident attitudes regarding the principles of patient-centered care and may help to increase resident motivation to become more patient-centered in their own practice.
The Six-Spotted Thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.)

Among the oldest species of thrips known from North America is the six-spotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.). As early as 1882 Pergande recognized this thrips as predacious on red spiders. Quayle (1912) reported some of the first biological observations and illustrated the adult. Numerous entomologists since have called attention to its predacious habits, and its known distribution and host list have grown slowly. Its life history, however, has remained unknown.
Stability of a Submerged Deformable Body

We study the stability of passive motion of a fish model. The (articulated body) fish model accounts for the finite dimensions of the fish, its bending stiffness (via the torsional springs at the joints), the unsteadiness of the flow (via the added mass effect) but it does not take into consideration vortex shedding from the trailing edge of the fish. The stability analysis shows that there is a range of parameter values (bending stiffness versus body dimensions) that support stable passive swimming in the direction of the body’s length.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Magnetism and microstructure in epitaxial TbFe 2 (111) thin films

We report the epitaxial growth of the highly magnetostrictive Laves phase compound TbFe{sub 2}, oriented (111) on Mo (110) templates by means of molecular beam epitaxy. The film structure was investigated and related to the magnetic properties. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction showed the growth mode to be Stranski-Krastanov. Pronounced roughening was observed to follow strain relaxation, resulting in a film with deep grooves between islands. Differences of thermal expansion between the sapphire (11{bar 2}0) substrates and the magnetic epilayers place the films under tensile strain at room temperature and below. The magnetic properties of the films are analyzed as the magnetic response of single-domain particles subject to an anisotropic biaxial tensile strain. Dipolar domain coupling and in-plane strain anisotropy caused by the magnetostrictive distortion of domains are discussed for their relevance in explaining the anomalous magnetic hysteresis observed in these TbFe{sub 2} thin films. thinsp thinsp {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
CD8(+) T cells remove cysts of Toxoplasma gondii from the brain mostly by recognizing epitopes commonly expressed by or cross-reactive between type II and type III strains of the parasite

Our previous study demonstrated that CD8(+) T cells remove cysts of Toxoplasma gondii from the brain through perforin-mediated mechanisms. We here show that a transfer of CD8(+) immune T cells primed with a type II or a type III strain of T. gondii both efficiently removed cysts of a type II strain from infected SCID mice, although the former tended to be slightly more efficient than the latter. Similarly, a transfer of type II-primed CD8(+) T cells removed cysts of a type III strain. Therefore, CD8(+) T cells are capable of removing T. gondii cysts by recognizing epitopes commonly expressed in types II and III strains or cross-reactive between these two genotypes.
Designation of a Position Controller with Variable Structure Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control

The paper combines variable structure adaptive PID control technology and Fuzzy control technology.Advance a novel position controller based on variable structure adaptive PID and Fuzzy theory.The variable structure adaptive PID control technology is applied to the error control,The Fuzzy control technology is applied to adjust the feed forward’s parameters on line,so the feed forward’s compensating is matching to the error control accurately,then to control the system’s Chattering and improve system’s tracking precision.It’s proved by experiment data that such kind of position controller could improve the position accuracy considerably and responds rapidly,while robustly stabilizing the system.The controller has high tracking precision,quick response time and favorable control effect as well as preferable robustness to model’s uncertainty and noise measurement.It is solves the contradiction of matching among parameters between the position accuracy and responds rapid and system stability,and the system close-loop dynamic performances are improved,the system’s control performance are enhanced as well.
The ecology of memory: Augustine, Eliot, and the form of Wendell Berry’s fiction

Berry’s notion of memory has rich theological and literary roots, which reach to Augustine and T. S. Eliot. After a brief tour through Augustine’s theological view of memory and Eliot’s development of this in The Four Quartets, I examine Berry’s short story “Pray without Ceasing” to demonstrate how this theology works out in the form of his story, enabling his characters to understand and love the whole pattern of which they are a part. By understanding how Berry incorporates this ancient Christian view of memory in the structure of his narration, we can see how memory comprises an integral part of his culturally embattled agrarian and ecological vision.
7. Dickinson’s I Never Lost as Much but Twice

(1971). 7. Dickinson’s I Never Lost as Much but Twice. The Explicator: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 10-13.
Prophet: Scheduling Executors with Time-Varying Resource Demands on Data-Parallel Computation Frameworks

Efficiently scheduling execution instances of dataparallel computing frameworks, such as Spark and Dryad, on a multi-tenant environment is critical to applications' performance and systems' utilization. To this end, one has to avoid resource fragmentation and over-allocation so that both idleness and contention of resources can be minimized. To make effective scheduling decisions, a scheduler has to be informed of and exploit resource demands of individual execution instances, including both short-lived tasks and long-lived executors. The issue becomes particularly challenging when resource demands greatly vary over time within each instance. Prior studies often assume that a scheduling instance is either short lived or of gradually varying resource demands. However, when in-memory computing platforms, such as Spark, become increasingly popular, the assumption no longer holds. The execution instance for scheduling becomes executor, which executes an entire application once it is scheduled. Usually it is not short lived. Its resource demands are significantly timevarying. To address the inefficacy of current cluster schedulers, we propose a scheduling approach, namely Prophet, which takes resource demand variation within each executor into the scheduling decision. It leverages the fact that execution of a data-parallel application is pre-defined by a DAG structure and resource demands at various DAG stages are highly predictable. With this knowledge, Prophet schedules executors to minimize resource fragmentation and over-allocation. To deal with unexpected resource contention, Prophet adaptively backs off selected task(s) to reduce the contention. We have implemented Prophet in Apache Yarn running Spark. We evaluated it on a 16-server cluster, using 10 categories of a total of 90 application benchmarks. Compared to Yarn's default capacity and fair schedulers, Prophet reduces application makespan by up to 39% and reduces their median completion time by 23%.
Factors Affecting Sexual Activity in Midlife Women: Results from the Midlife Health Study.

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to identify (1) the importance of a number of potential factors affecting the likelihood of sexual activity in perimenopausal women and (2) the likelihood of a number of barriers to sexual activity. Methods: A cohort of 780 women undergoing menopausal transition was surveyed annually for up to 7 years. Data were collected on sexual activity and, if not sexually active, reasons for no sexual activity, as well as a number of potential risk factors. Height and weight were measured at an annual clinic visit; serum hormone concentrations were assayed using blood samples donated annually. Data were examined with logistic regression models using the individual as a random effect, with subset analysis of nonsexually active women to determine the likelihood of each barrier. All factors with univariate associations of p < 0.1 were considered in multivariate model building with stepwise addition. Results: A total of 2440 woman-years were included in the analysis o...
High-performance supercapacitors and batteries derived from activated banana-peel with porous structures

Abstract Carbonaceous materials derived from non-renewable and non-sustainable graphite and fossil fuels have been widely used in building supercapacitor and battery electrodes but the mining and fabrication processes are often hazardous and contaminative. Therefore, to derive activated carbon from renewable bio-mass materials is environmentally and socially significant. Here a unique and innovative solution is proposed to produce supercapacitors and batteries from banana peels. Banana peel, which is one of the most abundant and accessible bio-wastes, naturally processes hierarchically porous structure, making activated banana peel (ABP) an ideal backbone for loading electroactive nanomaterials. The ABP derived asymmetric supercapacitors exhibited superior rate capacity and cyclic ability, as well as a synergetic enhancement of energy density and power density because the interconnected porous structure stimulated the formation of urchin-like NiCo2O4 particles, prevented the aggregation of NiCo2O4 nanowires, and enhanced the electrolyte accessibility. Orderly arranged nanopores with unique Ni/graphene core/shell nanoparticles were created by annealing the Ni(NO3)2 solution-treated ABP. The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries built by the ABP/Ni/graphene hybrid achieved exceptionally high electrochemical properties in terms of specific capacitance (1260.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2C), rate capability, and cycling robustness.
Applying engineering principles to the design of cellular biology.

Setting goals for one’s own life is difficult enough. Setting goals for the world culture seems to be almost impossible. The Bayer Centenary Symposium might be the occasion to thing for a while about how great organizations spring from simple ideas, experiments, and observations. One hundred years has seen a small company of organic chemists develop into a giant organization of 1/4 million people worldwide. The main question is: What ideas would permit an organization like Bayer to continue to flourish in the next hundred years? Short-range goals like better drug design will certainly keep many people busy for years. Particularly in the past few years, new technologies have been emerging very rapidly. Each new technology presents new commercial opportunities. Molecular biology has unleashed a lot of scientific activity in the past decade, but somehow this activity seems unfocused.
Application of the Karhunen–Loève Transform to the C5G7 benchmark in the response matrix method

Abstract Presented is an application of the Karhunen–Loeve Transform (KLT) for treatment of the energy variable in response matrix methods to a 44-group version of the 2-D C5G7 benchmark problem. Response matrix methods are based on the partitioning of global domains into independent nodes linked via boundary conditions approximated by truncated expansions of the phase space in orthogonal bases. Here, the KLT was used to produce basis sets appropriate for the energy variable based on “snapshots.” The method of snapshots employs small, representative problems to provide input spectra with which the KLT produces an orthogonal basis for the application. For this study, several computationally small models were defined, and the success of the corresponding basis was compared to the reference (full-multigroup) solution. The best performing basis sets were generated using information from both the scalar flux and the partial current, and typically included information from each unique material (e.g., a UO2 pin cell) in the application problem and junctions between such materials (e.g., a UO2 adjacent to a MOX pin cell). In general, the KLT performed better than the standard discrete Legendre Polynomials (DLPs) as well as “modified” DLPs with proper snapshot selection. The largest errors were found at the material junctions, precisely where spectral gradients are greatest.
Induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by α-TEA through Fas signaling pathway

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 777 α-TEA is a nonhydrolyzable ether analogue of RRR-α-tocopherol. It has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. In our study, the apoptosis-inducing potential of α-TEA was investigated in LNCaP and PC-3 GFP human prostate cancer cells. Both cell lines were sensitive to α-TEA induced apoptosis. 72 h treatment with 40 μM α-TEA caused 95% and 68% apoptosis in LNCaP and PC-3 GFP cells, respectively. The mechanisms underlying α-TEA induced apoptosis were investigated. The activation of caspases and JNK is important for α-TEA induced apoptosis. Chemical caspase and JNK inhibitors, and dominant negative JNK inhibited apoptosis induced by α-TEA. Fas mRNA and protein levels were elevated in both LNCaP and PC-3 GFP cells treated with α-TEA. PC-3 GFP cells are sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis, while LNCaP cells are resistant. α-TEA treatment enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis in PC-3 GFP cells and sensitized Fas-resistant LNCaP cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. α-TEA induced apoptosis can be blocked by Fas neutralizing antibody. Supported by CA59739, ESO2784 and the Foundation for Research.
Catastrophe, Aftermath, Amnesia: Chinua Achebe’s “Civil Peace”

Achebe’s short story “Civil Peace” depicts a family and community’s response to the devastation wrought by war, specifically the Nigerian Civil War. Although the tale by no means abandons hope for either the Iwegbu family or its community, it wryly suggests that civil peace is the mirror image of civil war, insofar as the human tendencies that push people to war are not completely resolved in its wake, regardless of political settlements. In the post-war civil society, civility is in short supply: people continue to bully, deceive, and overreach in the struggle for a foothold in the peace. In partly carnivalesque mode, the author challenges us to understand that peace, to locate certain enduring lessons of war, and, perhaps, to circumvent its needless repetition by contemplating varied human behaviors in war’s aftermath. “Civil Peace” asks us to probe human conflict and aggression when armies have suspended their most destructive operations.
A Unified Study for Determining Peloidal Field Coil Locations for a Tokamak

The poloidal field (PF) configuration has a major impact on the size and cost of tokamak machines. This report describes a procedure for developing a minimum cost PF system consistent with constraints imposed by plasma, magnet, and configurational design requirements. This methodology is considered adequate for developing the PF coil configurations. PF configuration studies are described for the International Tokamak Reactor (INTOR) as an illustration. The total cost of the PF system increases appreciably when an idealized PF configuration (with discrete coils) is replaced by a more practical coil configuration. The PF system with a poloidal divertor costs about 50% more than a system utilizing limiter-type impurity control.
Applications of asymptotic expansions to some statistical problems

In this paper, we consider simple random sampling without replacement from a dichotomous finite population and derive a necessary and sufficient condition on the finite population parameters for a valid large sample Normal approximation to Hypergeometric probabilities. We then obtain lower and upper bounds on the difference between the Normal and the Hypergeometric distributions solely under this necessary and sufficient condition.
Fairness informs social decision making in infancy

The ability to reason about fairness plays a defining role in the development of morality. Thus, researchers have long been interested in understanding when and how a sensitivity to fairness first develops. Here, we examined infants’ ability to use fairness information in selecting social partners. Using a novel experimental paradigm that combined pre-recorded stimuli with an active behavioral measure, we tested whether infants preferred to socially engage with an individual they had previously seen behave fairly or unfairly. After viewing an individual distribute goods to third parties either equally (i.e., 3:3 distribution) or unequally (i.e., 5:1 distribution), both 13- and 17-month-old infants selectively chose to engage in a social interaction with (i.e., take a toy from) an individual who distributed resources equally. The use of a novel paradigm to assess infants’ fairness preferences demonstrates that infants’ previously established fairness preferences extend across different, more demanding paradigms, and may therefore be more enduring in nature. Together, these findings provide new insights into the nature of infants’ fairness representations, and fill in key gaps in the developmental timeline of infants’ ability to use fairness information in their consideration of potential social partners. In sum, these findings build on previous research by demonstrating that infants not only hold an expectation that resources should be distributed fairly, they also preferentially interact with those who have previously done so. The early-emerging ability to both reason about and use fairness information may play an influential role in the development of complex prosocial behaviors related to morality more broadly.
Energy Digestibility of a High Protein DDGS Product in Broilers

Changes to the production method of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a common feedstuff in poultry diets, can alter the nutrient profile and energy content. Estimates of DDGS digestibility vary as a result of the altered production method, removal of value-added products like distiller’s corn oil, as well as the strain of chicken used (broiler vs. layer). The objective of this study was to determine the energy digestibility of high protein DDGS (HiP DDGS) fed to straight-run Cobb 500 broiler chickens. The apparent nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy of HiP DDGS was calculated at 2,710 kcal/kg. Additional research is needed to further illustrate the influence of production method on HiP DDGS feeding value in broiler chickens.
Association of Blood Glucose and Clinical Outcome after Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background Elevated blood glucose levels following acute ischemic stroke have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in thrombolytic and nonthrombolytic treated patients. The current study examined multiple blood glucose parameters and their association with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months following mechanical thrombectomy and hospital discharge. Methods Acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with a retrievable stent at two stroke centers were studied. Admission blood glucose level, maximum blood glucose during the hospital stay, and serial blood glucose measurements within the first 24 h of hospital admission were recorded. Variability in blood glucose level was represented by the standard deviation of the serial measurements within the first 24 h. The following demographic and clinical data was also collected: age, sex, baseline NIHSS score, onset-to-reperfusion times, hemoglobin A1c, and stroke mechanism. Results 79 patients were identified; at 3 months, 35 patients had an mRS score of 0-2 and 44 had had an mRS of 3-6. Among the blood glucose variables, standard deviation of blood glucose in the first 24 h following admission and maximum blood glucose during hospital stay were significantly higher in the mRS 3-6 group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the standard deviation of blood glucose remained significant (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11, p = 0.003) in a model that adjusted for admission NIHSS score (p = 0.016) and number of stent retriever passes (p = 0.042). Conclusions Greater blood glucose variability following acute ischemic stroke is associated with worse clinical outcome in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.
Power and phonetic accommodation

Theories of speech accommodation claim that phonetic convergence to one’s interlocutor is automatic (Goldinger, 1998; Shockley et al., 2004). However, there is evidence that individual traits and social factors modulate accommodation so that speakers may even diverge from their interlocutor (Babel, 2010; Bourhis & Giles, 1977). This study investigates how talker’s personal sense of power and power relative to the interlocutor (“interpersonal power”) affect phonetic accommodation. Personal power was manipulated through a thought experiment in which participants described a time they felt powerful or powerless. Interpersonal power was manipulated through randomly assigned roles in a recorded interview with a confederate where the Inventor (powerless) pitched an entrepreneurial idea to the Investor (powerful). Participants were considered to have converged if the difference in pitch between the participant and confederate had decreased in post-interview versus pre-interview recordings. We found that though i...
HAPTEN-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE INDUCED BY THE DNP DERIVATIVE OF D-GLUTAMIC ACID AND D-LYSINE (D-GL) COPOLYMER

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the hapten-specific tolerance induced by the 2,4-dinitrophenyl lysyl (DNP) derivative of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) copolymer. The basic phenomenology of DNP-D-GL-induced B cell tolerance is that the tolerance can be induced in both unprimed animals or in animals previously primed to DNP and producing anti-DNP antibodies at the time of initial treatment. The tolerance is highly specific-only DNP-specific B cell precursors and/or antibody-secreting cells are affected by treatment with DNP-D-GL. The tolerant state is relatively long-lasting. Moreover, the tolerant state is accompanied by a significant diminution of DNP-specific antigen-binding B cells and results in a preferential depression of the high affinity anti-DNP antibody response. There is a potential clinical applicability of DNP-D-GL tolerance model to a wide variety of allergic disorders.
Transforming teacher education to support multicultural technology pedagogy: an assessment of preservice teachers' beliefs about multiculturalism and diversity

Because schools are becoming increasingly diverse, a significant role of teacher preparation programs is to prepare its prospective teachers with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to help all students learn. In understanding the responsibility to prepare preservice teachers for working with diverse populations and implementing an effective multicultural curriculum, teacher education programs recognize the imperative that preservice teachers must be trained as technologically competent teachers who can skillfully integrate technology in culturally diverse classrooms. Within the context of teacher education, this research is rooted in social reconstructionist theory (Sleeter & Grant, 2003) based upon a critical multicultural conceptual framework interwoven with critical pedagogy (Freire, 1996; McLaren, 2003). This research study assessed preservice teachers’ personal and professional beliefs about ways in which technology can be used to support their conception of multicultural education. Following procedures described by Creswell (2003) for sequential transformative mixed methods research, the data were analyzed, using both quantitative and qualitative measures. The Personal Beliefs about Diversity Scale and the Professional Beliefs about Diversity Scale were used to measure preservice teachers’ beliefs about multiculturalism and a range of diversity issues (Pohan & Aguilar, 2001). Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and percentages, were then analyzed to determine these preservice teachers’ multicultural perspectives. The multicultural framework proposed by Sleeter and Grant (2003) was used to analyze the responses to the qualitative data. Overall, the results revealed that the preservice teachers in this study held favorable beliefs about multicultural understandings; however, the majority of students tended to
Process Guides for Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Guidelines for drug-nutrient risk assessment and intervention are given in the following process guides. General guidelines for health professionals include: 1 Take a drug history from the patient or, when necessary, from the caregiver. 2 Examine all the prescription (Rx) and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that the patient is taking and record these on a drug form indicating dose, frequency, duration, and when the drugs are taken in relation to food. 3 In prescribing, avoid multiple drugs when possible. 4 When multiple drugs are required, check to avoid combinations that have adverse nutritional effects. 5 Avoid unnecessary changes during drug therapy, including changes in timing. 6 Take a diet history, including information on alcohol intake and intake of nutrient supplements. 7 Minimize changes in the diet and consult others on the health care team. 8 Observe and record response to drug therapy. 9 Monitor the patient’s nutritional status, especially when drug use alters appetite, impairs nutrient absorption or utilization, or promotes nutrient excretion. 10 Inform the patient about possible risks of identifiable drug-food, drug-nutrient and drug-alcohol incompatibilities.
Writing a Story About Teaching University Science

This chapter contains a fictionalized story about my students and their work in a collaborative group in my biochemistry classroom. I express the emotions of my students and address their frustrations (and joys) of learning in our biochemistry course, which I taught through a social constructivist lens in which collaborative learning was central, with students sharing their constructions with each other.
Developmental Sciences, History of

This article discusses the historical foundations of contemporary developmental science. Emphasis is placed in particular on the philosophical, theoretical, and methodological bases of modern approaches that use integrative, systems models to link dynamically the study of individuals with the multiple, biological through cultural and historical levels of the ecology of development. Ideas pertinent to development and to its core conceptual issues (e.g., the nature–nurture controversy) are discussed by tracing the contributions of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European philosophers; of biologists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and of psychologists, sociologists, and other behavioral and social scientists (e.g., anthropologists, historians, and) in, primarily, the twentieth century. The article explains how the developmental sciences have come to be marked by a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional approach to scholarship that seeks to describe, explain, and optimize integratively the influences on development from all levels of organization comprising the ecology of development. In sum, this discussion presents the historical bases of contemporary theories that stress, methods that index, and research that documents configural ideas of causality, reciprocal models of gene-context action, the relative plasticity of development across the life span, and the synthesis of basic and applied scholarship pertinent to promoting positive development across the life course.
Activity Level and Predation Risk in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa

While organisms are capable of detecting predators via chemical cues, how well these detection abilities are matched to different historical predation regimes remains poorly understood. The Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa, is a small live-bearing fish whose predominant predators differ among habitats. We performed two experiments to see how H. formosa from different populations respond to a chemical cue from either a familiar predator (abundant in that population's habitat) or novel predator (absent from its habitat but abundant in another habitat inhabited by a different population of H. formosa). Our first experiment compared fish from two populations exposed to a familiar predator, a novel predator, and water from each habitat. Fish from the population with lower historical predation risk were more active regardless of treatment but were especially active when cues from a novel predator were offered. Our second experiment compared fish from four populations exposed to either a familiar or novel predator at the same time. Large fish were more active than small fish and, as in the first experiment, fish from the population with the lowest historical predation risk were more active regardless of the identity of the predator. These results suggest that predator recognition is not specific to individual populations but that historical levels of predation risk have selected for different characteristic levels of activity in different populations.
Geofence Boundary Violation Detection in 3D Using Triangle Weight Characterization with Adjacency

This paper introduces a computationally efficient geofence boundary violation detection method using the Triangle Weight Characterization with Adjacency (TWCA) algorithm. The geofence is defined as a maximum and a minimum altitude, and a horizontal boundary specified as a polygon that does not self-intersect. TWCA initialization divides the horizontal component and bounding box of each geofence into a finite set of triangles, then determines the triangle containing the vehicle. During flight, each position update is checked for containment within the vertical geofence boundaries using inequalities and the horizontal geofence boundaries using TWCA. TWCA searches for the triangle containing the vehicle position using breadth-first search of the adjacency graph. The root node of the search is the triangle occupied at the previous time step. This algorithm is applicable to three-dimensional geofences containing both keep-in (inclusion) geofences and keep-out (exclusion) geofences.
Feminist Spirituality under Capitalism: Witches, Fairies, and Nomads

Industrial modernity's worship of rationality had a profound effect on women’s ways of knowing, marginalizing them along with other alternate forms of knowledge such as the imagination and the unconscious. Feminist Spirituality under Capitalism discusses the importance of women’s spiritual knowledge throughout history and under the current socio-economic consensus. Within a critical analysis of the subjugation of certain knowledges, it investigates in particular the role that psychology and psychiatry have played in the repression of women. Aimed at students and researchers in the social sciences, the book will also appeal to anyone interested in critical psychology, politics, activism and social change.
Energy transfer in iron-chromium co-doped ZnSe middle-infrared laser crystals

We report on the characterization of energy transfer in iron-chromium co-doped ZnSe middle-infrared laser crystals. The room temperature kinetics of the Fe:Cr:ZnSe sample under excitation of chromium ion at 1560 nm shows that energy transfer in Fe-Cr centers could be as fast as 290 ns. This rate is close to the non-radiative relaxation rate of Fe2+ ions in this host. The analysis of energy transfer rate in Cr-Cr; Fe-Fe and Cr-Fe pairs based on the resonance dipole-dipole interaction showed that energy transfer rate could be as fast as 109 s-1.