cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and safety of insulin pump therapy in children aged 2 to 7 years with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Although insulin pump therapy has been successful in adults, adolescents and school children, its use has been limited in young children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the glycemic control, safety and efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion via pump in young children (2–7 years old) with type 1 diabetes who were transitioned from twice-a-day insulin injection (neutral protamine Hagedorn/Lente + Humalog/Novalog) to insulin pump therapy. Hemoglobin A1c, BMI, average fasting blood glucose, episodes of severe hypoglycemia, episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, episodes of lipohypertrophy, blood glucose variability, and number of sick day calls were compared before and after insulin pump therapy. METHODS. Data were collected retrospectively by chart review over a 2-year period during quarterly diabetes clinic visits from 33 patients who were managed on neutral protamine Hagedorn/Lente + Humalog/Novolog twice-a-day injections for at least 1 year prior to transitioning to insulin pump therapy. RESULTS. There was a significant improvement in the average hemoglobin A1c after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. The average fasting blood sugar was lower in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion group. Severe episodes of hypoglycemia and episodes of lipohypertrophy were significantly higher before insulin pump therapy initiation. There were significantly fewer sick day calls after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Blood sugar variability improved significantly after insulin pump therapy. There was no significant difference in BMI or amount of carbohydrate consumed. None of the patients experienced diabetic ketoacidosis requiring emergency treatment before or after insulin pump therapy. CONCLUSIONS. Continous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in young children with type 1 diabetes is a safe, effective and superior alternative to a twice-a-day insulin regimen.
Typical-use contraception and pharmaceutical research.

While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers sexual abstinence to be a “highly effective” form of birth control based on a less than 1% failure rate with perfect adherence, investigators ...
Integrated launch package design with considerations for reduced-scale demonstration

The design of an integrated launch package (ILP) for an electromagnetic railgun is considered. A code incorporating analytical engineering expressions for thermal and mechanical loads is used. The armature linear current density and armature and rail pressures are used to define the range of solutions based on mission requirements and subprojectile criteria. Characteristics for large- and reduced-scale launcher and ILP solutions are presented, which are consistent with mission requirements. Single-taper sabot configurations are used to illustrate the methodology.
Testosterone Supplementation for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia

Aging of humans is associated with a loss of muscle mass and function, and an increase in fat mass. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a correlation between bioavailable testosterone concentrations and fat-free mass and muscle strength. Testosterone replacement in older men with low testosterone levels increases fat-free mass and muscle strength, and decreases fat mass. However, we do not know whether testosterone replacement improves physical function and other health-related outcomes, or reduces the risk of disability, falls, or fractures in older men with low testosterone levels. The long-term risks and benefits of testosterone supplementation in older men are not known.
Adaptation of the Electra radio to support multiple receive channels

Proposed future Mars missions plan communication between multiple assets (rovers). This paper presents the results of a study carried out to assess the potential adaptation of a proximity link relay radio (i.e., the Electra radio) to a multi-channel transceiver. The basic concept is a Frequency Division multiplexing (FDM) communications scheme wherein different receiver architectures are examined. Options considered include: (1) multiple IF slices, A/D and FPGAs each programmed with an Electra baseband modem; (2) common IF but multiple A/Ds and FPGAs and (3) common IF, single A/D and single or multiple FPGAs programmed to accommodate the FDM signals. These options represent the usual tradeoff between analog and digital complexity. Given the space application, a common IF is preferable; however, multiple users present dynamic range challenges (e.g., near-far constraints) that would favor multiple IF slices (Option 1). Vice versa, with a common IF and multiple A/Ds (Option 2), individual AGC control of the A/Ds would be an important consideration. Option 3 would require a common AGC control strategy and would entail multiple digital down conversion paths within the FPGA. In this paper, both FDM parameters as well as the different Electra design options will be examined. In particular, signal channel spacing as a function of user data rates and transmit powers will be evaluated. In addition, tradeoffs between the different Electra design options will be presented with the ultimate goal of defining an augmented Electra radio architecture for potential future missions.1,2
G1 and G2 cell-cycle arrest following microtubule depolymerization in human breast cancer cells

Microtubule-depolymerizing agents are widely used to synchronize cells, screen for mitotic checkpoint defects, and treat cancer. The present study evaluated the effects of these agents on normal and malignant human breast cell lines. After treatment with 1 μM nocodazole, seven of ten breast cancer lines (type A cells) arrested in mitosis, whereas the other three (type B cells) did not. Similar effects were observed with 100 nM vincristine or colchicine. Among five normal mammary epithelial isolates, four exhibited type A behavior and one exhibited type B behavior. Further experiments revealed that the type B cells exhibited a biphasic dose-response curve, with mitotic arrest at low drug concentrations (100 nM nocodazole or 6 nM vincristine) that failed to depolymerize microtubules and a p53-independent p21waf1/cip1-associated G1 and G2 arrest at higher concentrations (1 μM nocodazole or 100 nM vincristine) that depolymerized microtubules. Collectively, these observations provide evidence for coupling of premitotic cell-cycle progression to microtubule integrity in some breast cancer cell lines (representing a possible “microtubule integrity checkpoint”) and suggest a potential explanation for the recently reported failure of some cancer cell lines to undergo nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest despite intact mitotic checkpoint proteins.
Murder on the Orient Express: The Mystery of Underperformance

Evidence increasingly shows that a “crime” of extensive underperformance has been committed in mutual funds, pension funds, and endowments. In a pattern reminiscent of Agatha Christie’s famous novel Murder on the Orient Express, an investigation leads to a surprising, if inevitable, conclusion: The usual suspects—investment managers, fund executives, investment consultants, and investment committees—are all guilty.
Generational differences in nurses' characteristics, job satisfaction, quality of work life, and psychological empowerment

Objective: Currently, there are four generations in the nursing workforce. Each generation holds a different set of values that create challenges for managing a multi-generational workforce; these values affect nurses’ perceptions of quality of work life (QWL), psychological empowerment (PE), and job satisfaction (JS). The aims of this study are to (1) identify differences in the characteristics of Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial nurses, (2) identify differences in the QWL between Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial nurses, (3) identify differences in JS between Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial nurses, and (4) identify differences in PE between Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial nurses. Methods: This descriptive, comparative design was conducted via a web-based survey among 223 registered nurses in the USA. Data was collected using Survey Monkey. Results: Baby Boomers had significantly more years of experience, higher levels of both PE and JS as compared to Generation X and Millennial nurses. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the prominence of RNs’ sociological value systems on their perceptions of their workplace. Based on these findings, nurse managers can work to create an environment that is supportive of multiple generations; an environment that enhances PE and, in turn, JS.
So many teams, so little time: Time allocation matters in geographically dispersed teams

Summary Geographically dispersed teams whose members do not allocate all of their time to a single team increasingly carry out knowledge-intensive work in multinational organizations. Taking an attention-based view of team design, we investigate the antecedents and consequences of member time allocation in a multi-level study of 2055 members of 285 teams in a large global corporation, using member survey data and independent executive ratings of team performance. We focus on two distinct dimensions of time allocation: the proportion of members' time that is allocated to the focal team and the number of other teams to which the members allocate time concurrently. At the individual level, we find that time allocation is influenced by members' levels of experience, rank, education, and leader role on the team, as predicted. At the team level, performance is higher for teams whose members allocate a greater proportion of their time to the focal team, but surprisingly, performance is also higher for teams whose members allocate time to a greater number of other teams concurrently. Furthermore, the effects of member time allocation on team performance are contingent on geographic dispersion: the advantages of allocating more time to the focal team are greater for more dispersed teams, whereas the advantages of allocating time to more other teams are greater for less dispersed teams. We discuss the implications for future research on new forms of teams as well as managerial practice, including how to manage geographically dispersed teams with the effects of member time allocation in mind. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The credentials pattern

In this paper we describe Credentials, which provide secure means of recording authentication and authorization information for use in distributed systems.
THE NATURE OF THE HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK IN THE DOG

1. Nine unoperated dogs snowed a rise of blood sugar dunng anaphylactic shock. In six of these dogs the rise was 60 mg. or over. 2. Six dogs in which one adrenal had long previously been extirpated and the opposite splanchnic nerve cut, showed a low preliminary level of blood sugar, and a relative rise of blood sugar during anaphylaxis, but of less degree than in the unoperated animals. In no case was it greater than 52 mg. 3. Anoxemia did not appear to be a complicating factor, as evidenced by determination of the oxygen content of the arterial blood before and during shock. 4. The rise in blood sugar, which occurs in spite of the loss of adrenal activity, is probably due to the venous stasis of the liver seen in anaphylaxis in the dog, because this rise in blood sugar can be simulated in a normal non-sensitized dog by mechanically constricting the hepatic veins for a brief interval. 5. There are, therefore, probably two factors responsible for the hyperglycemia associated with anaphylaxis in the dog, sympathetic stimulation by way of the splanchnic nerves involving the activity of the adrenals, and glycogenolysis resulting directly from venous stasis of the liver.
Gender differences in hospitalised patients’ perceived reasons for their depression

BackgroundPerceived causes of depression can affect treatment preferences and outcomes. Men and women may have somewhat differing views about the causes of their depression, but there is a paucity of research on gender differences in hospitalised patients with depression.AimsWe examined potential gender differences in hospitalised patients’ perceived causes for their depression and their relationship with treatment beliefs and preferences.MethodA sample of 52 psychiatric inpatients hospitalised with depression was recruited and completed self-report measures of reasons for depression, depression severity, treatment beliefs and preferences.ResultsBiological reasons for depression were associated with more severe depression and more positive medication beliefs. In addition, results showed that women were significantly more likely to endorse physical and biological reasons for their depression compared with men. Gender moderated the relationship between physical reasons for depression and medication beliefs, such that men endorsing physical reasons found antidepressants less acceptable and had more negative beliefs about medication compared to women.ConclusionsFindings indicate that depressed men and women in the hospital may have differing views about the causes of their depression and this may affect the acceptability of treatments. Depression treatment in inpatient settings should be better personalised to match the beliefs of individual patients.
Control of moth flight posture is mediated by wing mechanosensory feedback

Flying insects rapidly stabilize after perturbations using both visual and mechanosensory inputs for active control. Insect halteres are mechanosensory organs that encode inertial forces to aid rapid course correction during flight but serve no aerodynamic role and are specific to two orders of insects (Diptera and Strepsiptera). Aside from the literature on halteres and recent work on the antennae of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, it is unclear how other flying insects use mechanosensory information to control body dynamics. The mechanosensory structures found on the halteres, campaniform sensilla, are also present on wings, suggesting that the wings can encode information about flight dynamics. We show that the neurons innervating these sensilla on the forewings of M. sexta exhibit spike-timing precision comparable to that seen in previous reports of campaniform sensilla, including haltere neurons. In addition, by attaching magnets to the wings of moths and subjecting these animals to a simulated pitch stimulus via a rotating magnetic field during tethered flight, we elicited the same vertical abdominal flexion reflex these animals exhibit in response to visual or inertial pitch stimuli. Our results indicate that, in addition to their role as actuators during locomotion, insect wings serve as sensors that initiate reflexes that control body dynamics.
Power-Frequency Fields: Risk Without Measure

The issues of whether and how to regulate people’s exposure to power-frequency fields are complicated by evidence suggesting that, if such fields can adversely affect human health, those effects may not increase monotonically with either the duration or the intensity of exposure. This paper clarifies this situation by presenting a taxonomy of the many physical quantities that describe different aspects of the relationship between people’s encounters with fields and possible health effects. In particular, the concept of “dose” is defined in the power-frequency context. This paper also describes a strategy for regulating people’s exposure to transmission line fields that does not depend on the availability of a “more is worse” measure of dose.
BlockChop: dynamic squash elimination for hybrid processor architecture

Hybrid processors are HW/SW co-designed processors that leverage blocked-execution, the execution of regions of instructions as atomic blocks, to facilitate aggressive speculative optimization. As we move to a multicore hybrid design, fine grained conflicts for shared data can violate the atomicity requirement of these blocks and lead to expensive squashes and rollbacks. However, as these atomic regions differ from those used in checkpointing and transactional memory systems, the extent of this potentially prohibitive problem remains unclear, and mechanisms to mitigate these squashes dynamically may be critical to enable a highly performant multicore hybrid design. In this work, we investigate how multithreaded applications, both benchmark and commercial workloads, are affected by squashes, and present dynamic mechanisms for mitigating these squashes in hybrid processors. While the current wisdom is that there is not a significant number of squashes for smaller atomic regions, we observe this is not the case for many multithreaded workloads. With region sizes of just 200 – 500 instructions, we observe a performance degradation ranging from 10% to more than 50% for workloads with a mixture of shared reads and writes. By harnessing the unique flexibility provided by the software subsystem of hybrid processor design, we present BlockChop, a framework for dynamically mitigating squashes on multicore hybrid processors. We present a range of squash handling mechanisms leveraging retrials, interpretation, and retranslation, and find that BlockChop is quite effective. Over the current response to exceptions and squashes in a hybrid design, we are able to improve the performance of benchmark and commercial workloads by 1.4x and 1.2x on average for large and small region sizes respectively.
Optimal Charges in Lead Progression: A Structure-Based Neuraminidase Case Study

Collective experience in structure-based lead progression has found electrostatic interactions to be more difficult to optimize than shape-based ones. A major reason for this is that the net electrostatic contribution observed includes a significant nonintuitive desolvation component in addition to the more intuitive intermolecular interaction component. To investigate whether knowledge of the ligand optimal charge distribution can facilitate more intuitive design of electrostatic interactions, we took a series of small-molecule influenza neuraminidase inhibitors with known protein cocrystal structures and calculated the difference between the optimal and actual charge distributions. This difference from the electrostatic optimum correlates with the calculated electrostatic contribution to binding (r2 = 0.94) despite small changes in binding modes caused by chemical substitutions, suggesting that the optimal charge distribution is a useful design goal. Furthermore, detailed suggestions for chemical modifi...
ASSIST - Automated System for Surgical Instrument and Sponge Tracking

Every surgical item used during surgery (e.g., sponges) must be accounted for after surgery to ensure that none of these items is left inside the patient. Despite the numerous precautions in place, in approximately 1 in 1500 cases, something gets left behind inside the patient's body. This paper presents ASSIST, an automated system for surgical instrument and sponge tracking that increases the safety of surgical procedures. ASSIST utilizes RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to aid in accounting for all items used during surgery. The design takes into account safety, simplicity, ease of deployment, and ease of use. An initial evaluation utilizing RFID-tagged sponges demonstrates that ASSIST can reliably track surgical sponges with minimal impact to current operating room procedures. Sources of error that can impact the reliability of the system are also discussed.
A Study of Dynamic Design Dualities in a Web-Supported Community of Practice for Teachers

The concept of a community of practice (CoP) is prevalent in several venues for teachers’ professional development, especially in online environments. However, there are few descriptive accounts that effectively represent a CoP in a manner that will be of use to other designers. In order to illuminate potential difficulties which may arise when attempting to design a framework to characterize or to build a CoP, this study describes the dynamics of five dualities (specific areas of tension) that were identified during the design and testing period of the Inquiry Learning Forum (ILF), a Web-based community for teachers’ professional development. During the three-year design trajectory of the ILF, these five dualities emerged from and characterized the interactions between the participating teachers and the site designers. As part of the data collection for this study, we conducted document analyses, interviews with designers, researchers, and teachers, and observations of online and face-to-face meetings. The findings of this study are intended to help future Web-designers both to better realize the full potential of online professional development environments and to avoid potential design development issues which may hamper the utility or participation rates in newly created CoPs.
Pulmonary Macrophage Subpopulations in the Induction and Resolution of Acute Lung Injury

Macrophages are key orchestrators of the inflammatory and repair responses in the lung, and the diversity of their function is indicated by their polarized states and distinct subpopulations and localization in the lung. Here, we characterized the pulmonary macrophage populations in the interstitial and alveolar compartments during the induction and resolution of acute lung injury induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We identified macrophage subpopulations and polarity according to FACS analysis of cell surface protein markers, combined with cell sorting for gene expression using real-time PCR. With these techniques, we validated a novel, alternatively activated (M2) marker (transferrin receptor), and we described three interstitial and alveolar macrophage subpopulations in the lung whose distribution and functional state evolved from the induction to resolution phases of lung injury. Together, these findings indicate the presence and evolution of distinct macrophage subsets in the lung that serve specific niches in regulating the inflammatory response and its resolution. Alterations in the balance and function of these subpopulations could lead to nonresolving acute lung injury.
Staggered AID‐dependent DNA double strand breaks are the predominant DNA lesions targeted to Sµ in Ig class switch recombination

Class switch recombination (CSR) is the process whereby B cells alter the effector properties of their Ig molecules. Whilst much is known about the cellular regulation of this process, many of the molecular details remain elusive. Recent evidence suggests that CSR involves blunt DNA double strand breaks (dsbs), and that formation of these dsbs requires the function of the activationinduced cytidine deaminase (AID). We sought to characterize the structural properties and kinetics of induction of the DNA lesions associated with CSR. Using ligation-mediated PCR, we found that AID-dependent DNA dsbs were specifically induced in the Sm region of murine B cells stimulated to undergo CSR. While blunt dsbs were detected, they were only a minor species, with staggered breaks being more than an order of magnitude more abundant. In addition, these breaks could be detected at equal frequency at upstream and downstream portions of Sm, and were induced prior to expression of newly switched isotypes. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence that staggered, Sm-targeted AID-dependent dsbs are the predominant DNA lesion associated with CSR, with important implications for the mechanisms by which CSR DNA lesions are made and processed.
Inelastic Behavior and Grain-Boundary Effects in Polycrystalline Materials

Dislocation-density based multiple-slip constitutive formulations and specialized computational schemes are introduced to account for grain-boundary (GB) effects in polycrystalline aggregates. New kinematically based interfacial grain-boundary regions and formulations are introduced to account for dislocation-density transmission, absorption, and pile-ups that may occur due to CSL grain-boundary misorientations.
Antiferromagnetism in EuNiGe 3

The synthesis and crystallographic and physical properties of polycrystalline EuNiGe3 are reported. EuNiGe3 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric body-centered tetragonal BaNiSn3-type structure (space group I4mm), in agreement with previous reports, with the Eu atoms at the corners and body center of the unit cell. The physical property data consistently demonstrate that this is a metallic system in which Eu spins S = 7/2 order antiferromagnetically at a temperature TN = 13.6 K.Magnetic susceptibility χ data forT >TN indicate that the Eu atoms have spin 7/2 with g = 2, that the Ni atoms are nonmagnetic, and that the dominant interactions between the Eu spins are ferromagnetic. Thus we propose that EuNiGe3 has a collinear A-type antiferromagnetic structure, with the Eu ordered moments in the ab plane aligned ferromagnetically and with the moments in adjacent planes along the c axis aligned antiferromagnetically. A fit of χ(T TN) by our molecular field theory is consistent with a collinear magnetic structure. Electrical resistivity ρ data from TN to 350 K are fitted by the Bloch-Gr¨uneisen model for electron-phonon scattering, yielding a Debye temperature of 265(2) K.Astrong decrease in ρ occurs belowTN due to loss of spin-disorder scattering. Heat capacity data at 25 K Tmore » 300Kare fitted by the Debye model, yielding the same Debye temperature 268(2) K as found from ρ(T ). The extracted magnetic heat capacity is consistent with S = 7/2 and shows that significant short-range dynamical spin correlations occur above TN. The magnetic entropy at TN = 13.6 K is 83% of the expected asymptotic high-T value, with the remainder recovered by 30 K.« less
Uncertainty, the Liquidity Trap and Social Insurance

This paper reframes the standard liquidity trap model by capturing the costly feedback loop between idiosyncratic risk and aggregate demand at the zero lower bound. I first show that a liquidity trap can result from excess demand for precautionary savings in times of high uncertainty. The model introduces heterogeneous agents subject to idiosyncratic productivity risk into a new Keynesian setting featuring two frictions, sticky prices and the zero lower bound. I calibrate a regime-switching model that alternates between low- and high-uncertainty states and solve for the transition dynamics following a high-uncertainty shock. Second, I show that the output and welfare costs of the ensuing recession depend crucially on how the drop in demand for output is translated into a reduction in demand for labor. If wages are rigid, output falls through a rise in unemployment rather than an increase in the labor wedge. Increased unemployment risk compounds the original rise in idiosyncratic productivity risk and reinforces precautionary motives, deepening the recession. Third, I show that increasing social insurance can raise output and welfare at the zero lower bound. I decompose these effects to distinguish the component unique to the liquidity trap environment and show that social insurance is most effective at the zero bound when it targets the type of idiosyncratic risk households face, which in turns depends on the labor market adjustment mechanism.
Low density lipoprotein particle size and core cholesteryl ester physical state affect the proton NMR magnetic environment of fatty acid methylene and methyl nuclei.

Recent studies using proton NMR to quantify plasma lipoprotein concentrations have shown that lipoprotein particle size affects the chemical shift of methyl and methylene resonances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship of low density lipoprotein (LDL) size and cholesteryl ester (CE) physical state on the chemical shift of methyl and methylene protons. LDL were isolated from the plasma of nonhuman primates fed diets containing lard or fish oil to result in a wide range of LDL particle sizes and CE core transition temperatures for NMR analysis. The proportion of nuclei in the fluid state in LDL at different temperatures, measured as proton NMR peak intensity, paralleled the melting profile of LDL CE determined by differential scanning calorimetry. At 37 degrees C the linewidths of several resolvable fatty acyl resonances, but not the choline methyl resonance, were significantly less in the fish oil LDL, indicating a less restrictive environment along the fatty acyl chain. The (CH2)n and t-CH3 resonances demonstrated an upfield shift (i.e., smaller chemical shift) with increasing temperature for both diet groups, but the peaks for fish oil LDL were always upfield from those of the lard LDL regardless of temperature. No change in the chemical shift of the choline CH3 resonance was observed as a function of dietary fat or temperature. Above the transition temperature for LDL CE there was a significant positive correlation between LDL size and the chemical shift of the (CH2)n and t-CH3 resonances. This relationship was not statistically significant for the same LDL below the Ce transition temperature. We conclude that LDL CE must be fully melted to obtain accurate results for LDL particle size distribution as well as mass quantification using portion NMR spectroscopy.
A Modified, Direct Neck Lift Technique: The Cervical Wave-Plasty

BACKGROUND Major problems with cervicoplasty by direct skin excision include the subjective nature of skin markings preoperatively and the confusing array of procedures offered. This technique incorporates curved incisions, resulting in a wave-like scar, which is why the procedure is called a "wave-plasty". METHODS This prospective study includes 37 patients who underwent wave-plasty procedures from 2004 to 2015. Skin pinching technique was used to mark the anterior neck preoperatively in a reproducible fashion. Intra-operatively, redundant skin was excised, along with excess fat when necessary, and closed to form a wave-shaped scar. Patients were asked to follow up at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS The mean operation time was 70.8 minutes. The majority (81.3%) was satisfied with their progress. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 being the worst, and 10 being the best), the scars were objectively graded on average 5.5 when viewed from the front and 7.3 when seen from the side 6 months after surgery. Complications consisted of one partial wound dehiscence (2.3%), one incidence of hypertrophic scarring (2.3%), and two cases of under-resection requiring revision (5.4%). CONCLUSIONS In select patients, surgical rejuvenation of the neck may be obtained through wave-like incisions to remove redundant cervical skin when other options are not available. The technique is reproducible, easily teachable and carries low morbidity and high patient satisfaction in carefully chosen patients.
Depression, unlike Normal Sadness, is Associated with a “Flatter” Self-Perception and a “Flatter” Phenomenal World:

Three variables—manifest anxiety, psychological resilience, and phenomenal flatness—were tested for their ability to qualitatively differentiate depression from normal sadness. Toward this end, 221 college students completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies' Depression Scale, our newly developed Multidimensional Sadness Inventory, the Short Form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Scale of Social Desirability, our newly developed Test for Flat versus Deep Object-Perception, our newly developed Survey of Flat versus Deep Person-Perception, and our newly developed Survey of Flat versus Deep Self-Perception. On each trial in the Test for Flat versus Deep Object-Perception, the students observed two ambiguous figures—a circle/sphere with a radius of 1 unit and a square/cube with sides 1.675 units long—and they selected the bigger object—either the “phenomenally flat” circle with an area 12% larger than the area of the square, or the “spatially deep” cube with a volum...
Living with Whales: Documents and Oral Histories of Native New England Whaling History. By Nancy Shoemaker.

Somehow chronologically and geographically expansive yet brief, Living with Whales details the everyday for Algonquian Indians involved in the whaling industry. Poems, obituaries, letters, photogra...
Improved synthetic routes to tungsten-nitrido compounds

ABSTRACTConvenient synthetic routes to the compounds WNBr3 and WNBr2(bpy) are described using WBr4 as the starting material. One-pot syntheses using W(CO)6, Br2, (CH3)3SiN3, and 2,2′-bipyridine as inexpensive and readily available starting materials are also described. These one-pot syntheses produce analytically pure compounds in gram quantities with high yields under mild conditions. Use of (CH3)3SiN3 as a nitride source is preferable to that of unstable and explosive IN3 which has been utilized in previous preparations of tungsten-nitrido compounds.
A matter of integrity.

Catholic healthcare providers today can live out their vision and values only if they become public policy advocates. They must learn how to shape effective public policy to help heal the ailing U.S. healthcare system. Although from a political perspective they might feel ill-equipped to advocate in the public policy arena, Catholic healthcare providers are richly endowed from the perspective of their tradition of social teaching. They must uphold the common good as a primary criterion in healthcare reform. Two important issues provide an extraordinary opportunity and challenge for Catholic healthcare leaders to demonstrate their commitment to the common good: euthanasia and healthcare reform.
Implementing a Work-Based Learning Approach to 4-H Camp Counseling

Although camping has been a successful 4-H delivery method, we believed a more intentional approach that viewed camp counseling as a job would allow teen camp counselors to connect skills they were learning with those needed for workforce success. Eighteen Ohio counties participated in a pilot project to test the implementation of this work-based learning approach. 4-H youth development professionals added specific workforce-related topics and made minor changes in their camp counselor training. In addition, they used a performance appraisal process consisting of teens’ self-assessment and supervisor assessment. Focus groups were conducted to gain implementation data. Although there were some challenges, this approach took relatively little additional effort, and there were benefits for both counselors and professionals. This intentional approach could be applied to other youth programs.
The Future of Web Citation Practices

ABSTRACTCiting webpages has been a common practice in scholarly publications for nearly two decades as the Web evolved into a major information source. But over the years, more and more bibliographies have suffered from “reference rot”: Cited URLs are broken links or point to a page that no longer contains the content the author originally cited. In this column, I look at several studies showing how reference rot has affected different academic disciplines. I also examine citation styles’ approach to citing Web sources. I then turn to emerging Web citation practices: Perma, a “freemium” Web archiving service specifically for citation; and the Internet Archive, the largest Web archive.
The dynamic response of flow forced heat exchangers

The purpose of this investigation was to study both experimentally and theoretically the dynamic response of a double pipe counter-current heat exchanger subjected to flow rate changes in order to develop mathematical models that adequately describe the dynamics of this distributed parameter system. An insulated heat exchanger 14.7 feet long was constructed using a 1 inch nominal type K copper pipe placed concentrically inside a 2 inch nominal schedule 40 iron pipe shell. Experimental data for both large and small flow pertur­ bations about a mean flow rate gave the same frequency re­ sponse curves, indicating the system behaves linearly with respect to flow upsets in the flow range investigated. The effects of wall capacitance and heat transfer coefficient variation were found to have little effect on normalized frequency response results, but variation of the heat trans­ fer coefficient contributed significantly to transient response results. Partial differential equation models with constant coefficients gave good agreement with experimental frequency response results over all frequencies tested, but only agreed with experimental transient results for small flow upsets. Ordinary differential equation models with variable coefficients represented the transient response of
Living the Gendered Life Course in Time and Space

I have always been interested in the life course, with age performing as a social marker related to the time and timing of events. My father’s tales about the Great Depression were stories about the way historical and biographical events shape life chances and life quality depending on when they occur. (In his mid-20s, he had worked for years to save money to go to college and lost it all. But he then found a sense of purpose as a soldier in the Second World War.) My own life too has been a study of transitions and timing in context. I was widowed at age 32 and recoiled in horror when 70- or 80-something women would come up and hug me and say they were widows, too. I knew our age difference made me not “like them” but couldn’t really formulate that notion until as a graduate student I read work by Bernice Neugarten. I never met Bernice, but her insights into time and timing norms became a key theme in my own work.
Bitch, slut, skank, cunt: patterned resistance to women’s visibility in digital publics

ABSTRACTResistance to women’s public voice and visibility via street harassment and workplace sexual harassment have long constrained women’s use of and comfort in physical public spaces; this gender-based resistance now extends into digital arenas. Women face extreme hostility in the form of digital sexism in discussion rooms, comment sections, gaming communities, and on social media platforms. Reflecting on two years of in-depth interviews with women who have been on the receiving end of gender-based digital abuse (n = 38), conversations with industry professionals working in content moderation and digital safety, the extant literature, and news stories about digital attacks against women, I offer a lens to think through the prominent patterns in digital sexism, showing (1) that aggressors draw upon three overlapping strategies – intimidating, shaming, and discrediting – to limit women’s impact in digital publics, (2) the way femininity and femaleness are used to undermine women’s contributions, and (3)...
Robust hybrid control for swinging-up and balancing an inverted pendulum attached to a UAV

The problem of balancing a flying inverted pendulum on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been solved using linear and nonlinear control approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem of swinging-up a flying pendulum has not been addressed in the literature. In this paper, we solve the general problem of swinging-up and balancing an inverted pendulum attached to a quadrotor using robust hybrid control approaches. Moreover, we take advantage of the quadrotor dynamics and show that this system can be implemented without any modifications to a universal (i.e., linear and rotary) inverted pendulum. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller through a set of realistic simulation studies.
A systematic approach to diabetes mellitus care in underserved populations: improving care of minority and homeless persons.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Discrepancy in care of diabetes between racial and ethnic minority groups and Caucasians is well documented in America. System-based practices have been shown to improve quality of care outcomes. We implemented a disease registry and management system proven successful in a suburban practice network in four community health centers to improve diabetes process outcomes. METHODS Diabetes care measures including HbA1C, LDL, microalbumin testing, and testing for retinopathy were compared for suburban practices and Community Health Center practices within the same health system. A comprehensive systems-based disease management process including a diabetes registry that had been successful with the suburban practices was implemented at the Community Health Centers. Diabetes care measures were followed to determine whether disparity in care could be improved with process-based initiatives. RESULTS Following implementation of a diabetes registry and system-based disease management process, the percent of Community Health Center patients meeting guidelines improved significantly in all quality measures except the percentage of patients with HbA1C>9%. Despite this improvement, there remained a statistically significant discrepancy in performance between the Community Health Clinics and the suburban practices in most measures including percentage of patients with HbA1C 9%, LDL<130, LDL<100, and percentage of patients with retinopathy screen or microalbumin test within the past year, with the Community Health Centers lagging behind in all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS A structured systems-based approach to care of minority and at-risk populations utilizing diabetes registries resulted in significant improvement in clinical outcomes and helped to reduce but not eliminate disparities in diabetes outcome measurements between vulnerable and Caucasian populations.
A novel tunable dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) using spurlines with a stepped impedance resonator

This paper presents a novel circuit structure of a compact tunable dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF). This design combines two controllable traditional approaches in one filter: spurline section and stepped impedance resonator at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively. This filter was loaded with p-n junction varactors and tunable barium strontium titanate (Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 , BST) ferroelectric capacitor to tune their frequency response. The center frequency of the first stop band can be tuned from 2.1GHz to 2.4 GHz by loading a varactor diode on the spurline section. By loading the stepped impedance resonator (SIR) with a similar varactor, the center frequency of the second stopband can be tuned from 3.5 GHz to 4.48 GHz. The center frequency of the first band can be tuned from 1.9 GHz to 1.99 GHz by loading the ferroelectric capacitor to spurline section by applying a DC control voltage from 0 V to 6 V. By embedding the stepped impedance resonator with a similar ferroelectric capacitor, the center frequency of the second band can be tuned from 3.3 GHz to 3.54 GHz with a DC control voltage from 0 V to 6 V.
School Selections Among Silicon Valley Asian Ethnics in the Cupertino Union School District

School quality and school choice are increasingly important. Most research has focused on selection of schools by parents, emphasizing consumption patterns. This study explores parental cho...
Applying multiscale imaging and spectroscopic techniques for studying capacity and cycle life degradation in high energy density lithium-ion cells (Conference Presentation)

High capacity redox active materials are the building blocks for batteries and modern electrochemical conversion devices. Last couple of decades has witnessed tremendous progress in the area of rechargeable batteries for transportation, grid storage and consumer applications.1 The talk will provide an overview of the current R&D status of advanced batteries for electric vehicles followed by deep dive analysis of lithium-ion battery electrodes using X-ray synchrotron, micro-Raman and neutron spectroscopic and imaging methods. Specifically, the talk will cover recent work related to applying X-ray transmission imaging combined with near edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES) to study the evolution of chemical oxidation state of the transition metal (TM) cations accompanied by changes in the particle morphology for a number of lithium-ion cathode systems such as lithium-manganese rich NMC cathodes (LMR-NMC) and high capacity Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 cathodes.2-4 Ex-situ and in-situ Raman and neutron imaging methods for studying micron scale inhomogeneties associated with high capacity battery electrodes such as silicon-graphite will also be presented.5-7 1. M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev. 104, 4271 (2004) 2. H. Dixit, J. Nanda et al, ACS Nano, 8 (12) 12710 (2014) 3. R. Ruther, J. Nanda et al. Chem. Mater. 29, 2997 (2017) 4. F. Yang, Y. Liu, J. Nanda et al. Nano Letts. 14, 4334, (2014) 5. J. Nanda, H. Bilheux, et al, J. Phys. Chem. C, 116, 8401 (2012) 6. R. Ruther, J. Nanda et al J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 18022 (2015) 7. H. Zhou, H. Bilheux, J, Nanda et al ACS Energy Letters, 1, 981 (2016)
Historic landscape and site preservation at Gordion, Turkey: an archaeobotanist’s perspective

Archaeobotanical perspectives inform site conservation and presentation at Gordion, Turkey. The historical landscape there includes about 240 royal burial mounds and the archaeological site of Gordion. The tumuli and the historical landscape in which they sit are threatened by agricultural development and suburbanization. The excavated part of the site is exposed to the elements. Protection of the largest tumulus against uncontrolled grazing has reduced erosion and led to biodiversity preservation. Plant management practices coordinated with the architectural conservation team are under development. On stone structures, soft caps are planted with Poa bulbosa and a selective weeding programme aims at keeping deep-rooted plants from destroying the stonework. Education and outreach for local people and tourists include a native plant garden and self-guided walking tours.
State-space models to infer movements and behavior of fish detected in a spatial array of acoustic receivers

We developed state-space models for inferring movements and behaviors of fish implanted with acoustic transmitters and detected within a spatial array of stationary acoustic receivers. In these mod...
Synergist muscle ablation and recovery from nerve-repair grafting: contractile and metabolic function.

After nerve-repair grafting of medial gastrocnemius muscle, there is incomplete recovery of specific force and sustainable power, perhaps due to overcompensation by synergistic muscles. We hypothesized that increased workload due to synergist ablation would enhance graft recovery. Contractile and metabolic properties of control and nerve-repair grafted muscles, with and without synergist ablation, were determined after 120 days recovery. Specific force (N/cm2) and normalized power (W/kg) were less in the experimental groups compared with controls. Sustained power (W/kg) in the synergist-ablated nerve-repair grafted muscle was higher than nerve-repair grafted muscle, returning to control values. GLUT-4 protein was higher and glycogen content was diminished in both synergist-ablated groups. In summary, synergist ablation did not enhance the recovery of specific force or normalized power, but sustained power did recover, suggesting that metabolic and not mechanical parameters were responsible for this recovery. The enhanced endurance after synergist ablation was accompanied by increased GLUT-4 protein, suggesting a role for increased uptake of circulating glucose during contraction.