cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The largest scale perturbations: A window on the physics of the beginning

Abstract I present results of new statistical techniques for the interpretation of the temperature and polarization maps and power spectra of the cosmic microwave background. We show that the power deficit at low l in the WMAP1 data is consistent with a statistical fluctuation at the 10% level; that future high S/N maps of the temperature and polarization anisotropies can be combined into a reconstruction of the metric perturbations imprinted during inflation; and that machine learning techniques can accelerate cosmological parameter estimation by orders of magnitude while being highly accurate and robust.
Leaf expansion rate effects on emergence and juvenile plant growth in early-maturing maize

Good stand establishment and vigorous growth in the early spring are attributes desired in most maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. This field research sought to determine if selecting for higher this leaf expansion rates (ALER) in early maize could improve seedling emergence and juvenile plant growth rates. Two independent groups (GI and GII) of 16 lines were selected form S 2 lines previously rated using the formula ALER = (leaf number × leaf length × leaf width × 0.75)/( d to pollination). Within GI and GII, eight lines with high ALER ratings (HER) were paired by source population, year of evaluation, and silking date with eight lines with low ALER ratings (LER) (...)
Nurses’ Communication of Prognosis and Implications for Hospice Referral: A Study of Nurses Caring for Terminally Ill Hospitalized Patients

• BACKGROUND Although nurses are ideally situated to facilitate communication about prognosis and hospice referral among patients, patients’ family members, and hospital staff, nurses do not always assume this task. • OBJECTIVE To identify common obstacles to nurses’ discussions of prognosis and referral to hospice care with terminally ill patients in the hospital setting. • METHODS Data from a previous study were analyzed. In that study, a total of 174 experienced staff nurses working full-time in hospital practice areas where terminally ill patients routinely receive care at 6 randomly selected community hospitals in Connecticut participated. Each nurse completed a selfadministered, cross-sectional survey. In this study, the open-ended responses of the nurses were examined by using content analysis and descriptive analysis. • RESULTS The most common obstacles were unwillingness of a patient or the patient’s family to accept the prognosis and/or hospice, sudden death or noncommunicative status of the patient, belief of physicians’ hesitance, nurses’ discomfort, and nurses’ desire to maintain hope among patients and patients’ families. • CONCLUSIONS The reasons for noncommunication of prognosis and referral to hospice care by nurses are complex. Because limited discussion between clinicians and patients about prognosis and treatment options can reduce the likelihood of referral to hospice care, improved communication skills may result in more referrals and a smoother transition to hospice. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005; 14:64-70)
Proteinuria is a key determinant of death in patients with diabetes after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract Background Proteinuria is a marker for underlying diabetic nephropathy and may be a surrogate marker for advanced atherosclerosis. It is unknown if proteinuria is a determinant of death in patients with diabetes after coronary artery bypass grafting. We hypothesized that diabetic patients with evidence of proteinuria would have increased mortality and clinical event rates after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting compared with nonproteinuric diabetic patients. Methods and Results We performed an observational of study of 905 diabetic patients with urinalysis and available follow-up data (nonproteinuria, n=651; proteinuria, n=254) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between January 1989 and December 1992. The proteinuria group was further prospectively stratified into low-concentration (n = 225) and high-concentration (n = 29) groups. The end points of this study were all-cause mortality and the composite end point of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and need for repeat revascularization. The mean follow-up time was 66 months. The 5-year mortality rate for the nonproteinuria and proteinuria groups was 20.2% and 29.1% ( P P Conclusions Among diabetic patients, proteinuria appears to be an important predictor of death after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. (Am Heart J 2000;139:939-44.)
On the expressiveness of rule-based systems for reasoning with uncertainty

We demonstrate that classes of dependencies among beliefs held with uncertainty cannot be represented in rule-based systems in a natural or efficient manner. We trace these limitations to a fundamental difference between certain and uncertain reasoning. In particular, we show that beliefs held with certainty are more modular than uncertain beliefs. We argue that the limitations of the rule-based approach for expressing dependencies are a consequence of forcing nonmodular knowledge into a representation scheme originally designed to represent modular beliefs. Finally, we describe a representation technique that is related, to the rule-based framework yet is not limited in the types of dependencies that it can represent.
Individualized Dialysis for CAPD Patients: A Review of the Experience at the University of Missouri

The efficiency of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) depends on dialysate flow rate or daily drainage volume. With an increase in the volume of an exchange, the number of exchanges can be diminished while retaining the efficiency of dialysis. A great variation among patients in metabolic generation rate, residual renal function, intraperitoneal volume tolerance, and peritoneal mass transfer necessitates an individualization of dialysis schedule. Changes in serum urea and creatinine concentrations combined with clinical assessment are usually sufficient guides for the prescription of dialysate flow rate to achieve adequate dialysis. Only if the reason of underdialysis is not apparent, the evaluation of peritoneal dialysis kinetics may be needed for optimized treatment.
Effect of the angiotensin-(1–7) peptide on nitric oxide release

T major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II, and its production from angiotensin I by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), have been well established. However, the possible actions of another biologically active component of the angiotensin system, angiotensin-(1-7), have recently begun to receive much attention. Angiotensin-(1-7) is an amino terminal heptapeptide that can be produced in a number of tissues; in the vasculature, its production results from tissue peptidases acting on either angiotensin I or angiotensin II.1,2 Findings in a number of animal studies have suggested that angiotensin-(1-7) is a vasodilator that may confer cardioprotective effects by opposing the actions of angiotensin II on vascular growth and reactivity.3–7 We recently assessed the vasoactive effects of angiotensin-(1-7) and the endothelium-dependent mediators of these effects in canine coronary arteries. We also investigated the angiotensin receptor subtypes that mediate the response and evaluated the relation between angiotensin-(1-7) and bradykinin.
Loneliness, Social Support and Depression as Interactive Variables with Cognitive Status: Testing Roy's Model

This study examined the relationships between and among the variables of loneliness, social support, depression, and cognitive functioning in adults over 60, living in senior housing in a metropolitan area. Other variables, namely, life-satisfaction and ability to perform activities of daily living, were also measured. Although the research hypotheses were not supported, relationships between subjects' health status, life satisfaction, and self-assessment of health were significant. Assessment of these variables by community and advanced practice nurses who work with community elderly, to effect positive client outcomes, is presented within the context of Roy's adaptation model
A Mushy-Zone Rayleigh Number to Describe Interdendritic Convection during Directional Solidification of Hypoeutectic Pb-Sb and Pb-Sn Alloys

Based on measurements of the specific dendrite surface area (Sv), fraction of interdendritic liquid (φ), and primary dendrite spacing (λ1) on transverse sections in a range of directionally solidified hypoeutectic Pb-Sb and Pb-Sn alloys that were grown at thermal gradients varying from 10 to 197 K cm−1 and growth speeds ranging from 2 to 157 µm s−1, it is observed that Sv=λ1−1S*−0.33 (3.38−3.29 φ+8.85 φ2), where S*=Dl Geff/V m1Co (k−1)/k, with Dl being the solutal diffusivity in the melt, Geff being the effective thermal gradient, V being the growth speed, ml being the liquidus slope, Co being the solute content of the melt, and k being the solute partition coefficient. Use of this relationship in defining the mushy-zone permeability yields an analytical Rayleigh number that can be used to describe the extent of interdendritic convection during directional solidification. An increasing Rayleigh number shows a strong correlation with the experimentally observed reduction in the primary dendrite spacing as compared with those predicted theoretically in the absence of convection.
Impact of a telehealth and care management program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale: Improving outcomes and health resource use for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) care is a priority for health systems. The Health Buddy Program, a content-driven telehealth system coupled with care management, is designed to enhance patient education, self-management, and timely access to care.Objectives: To examine the effects of the Health Buddy Program on resource use among Medicare patients with COPD who participated in a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration project from 2006 to 2010.Methods: Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with COPD who enrolled in the intervention at two participating clinics were propensity-score matched to similar patients with COPD identified from a 5% random sample of Medicare patients. Difference-in-difference analyses descriptively compared the program’s effect on quarterly healthcare resource use over the 3-year study period compared with baseline. Negative binomial models estimated the association of the program...
Contemplating a residential battery system for the Southwestern U.S.

Battery manufacturers are offering electric energy storage options for homeowners with the target buyers being those residences with distributed generation such as photovoltaics. This study examines the period required to recoup the investment in such a battery storage system if the buyer is able to take advantage of time-of-use electricity plans offered by various utilities in the southwestern U.S. Present costs capital costs remain too high to achieve a net return within a reasonable timeframe.
Experimental Tuberculosis in the Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus littoralis).

Summary and ConclusionsA comparative study of the Eastern cotton rat, the albino rat, and the guinea pig suggests that the cotton rat occupies a position midway between the other two species regarding its susceptibility to infection with pathogenic bovine tubercle bacilli. It is definitely more susceptible than the naturally resistant albino rat but not as highly susceptible as the guinea pig. Like the albino rat, the tuberculous cotton rat is insensitive to skin-test doses of tuberculin, and tolerates large amounts injected subcutaneously. Since the observations on tuberculin shock are based upon findings obtained from only one animal, further work is necessary to confirm this point.
An empirically-derived multidimensional measure of expatriate success: reconciling the discord

This paper examines the discord surrounding how expatriate success, or effectiveness, is defined. We review the many ways that success has been conceptualized and then seek to reconcile these differences by presenting a multidimensional measure of success, based on data collected from 118 expatriate respondents worldwide. A series of factor analyses, along with reliability and item analyses yielded nine measurement scales which included cultural adjustment, work-related adjustment, career development, HQ-subsidiary coordination, assignment completion, professional/skill development, shaping and controlling the subsidiary, satisfaction and overall assignment effectiveness. The process by which these scales were developed is described in the paper and all items and scale reliabilities are presented.
Does suicidal history enhance acceptance of other suicidal individuals

Suicide is stigmatized, so suicidal people may be especially hard to accept. To see if moderately suicidal outpatients were more accepting of a suicidal person than never-suicidal or severely suicide outpatients, 105 respondents completed measures of suicidality, depression, acceptance, and empathy. A curvilinear ANCOVA was nonsignificant, but a linear ANCOVA significantly adjusted for depression, and indicated, unexpectedly, that net of depression, never-suicidal people were more accepting of a suicidal person than moderately or severely suicidal people. Empathy and acceptance were moderately related. An implication is that social support for suicidal individuals might best be obtained from those who were never suicidal themselves.
Cutaneous cryptococcosis simulating pyoderma gangrenosum.

A 33-year-old white man with a history of chronic ulcerative colitis presented with multiple cutaneous ulcers and an indurated cellulitic area on his right thigh. Clinically, the ulcers were considered to represent pyoderma gangrenosum. However, tissue biopsy revealed copious yeast forms that were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans . The indurated area on the right thigh later ulcerated, and tissue culture of this area also revealed Cryptococcus . This case illustrates that when pyoderma gangrenosum is diagnosed, the possibility of deep fungal infection should be considered and excluded by appropriate studies.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND THE CELL CYCLE IN SPERMATOGONIA AND SPERMATOCYTES OF MOUSE TESTIS USING TRITIATED THYMIDINE

Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 15 µc of H3-thymidine. The time course of the labeling in spermatogonia and spermatocytes was studied by using autoradiography on 5 µ sections stained by the periodic acid-Schiff method and hematoxylin over a period of 57 hours after injection. Four generations of type A (called AI, AII, AIII, and AIV), one of intermediate, and one of type B spermatogonia occur in one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The average life span is about the same in all spermatogonia, i.e., about 27 to 30.5 hours. The average pre-DNA synthetic time, including the mitotic stages from metaphase through telophase and the portion of interphase preceding DNA synthesis, is also not very different, ranging between 7.5 and 10.5 hours. A remarkable difference exists, however, in the duration of DNA synthesis and of the post-DNA synthetic period. The average DNA synthetic time is very long and is highly variable in type B (14.5 hours), a little shorter and less variable in intermediate (12.5 hours) and AIV (13 hours) spermatogonia, and much shorter and very constant in AIII (8 hours), AII and AI (7 to 7.5 hours) spermatogonia. Conversely, the average post-DNA synthetic time, corresponding essentially to the duration of the prophase, is short and very constant in type B (4.5 hours), longer and variable in intermediate (6 hours) and AIV (8 hours) spermatogonia, and much longer and much more variable in AIII (11 hours), AII and AI (14 hours) spermatogonia. The premeiotic synthesis of DNA takes place in primary spermatocytes during the resting phase and terminates just before the visible onset of the meiotic prophase. Its average duration is 14 hours. No further synthesis of DNA takes place in later stages of spermatogenesis.
Video compression using structural flow

This paper proposes a new technique in wavelet video compression that exploits the spatiotemporal regularity of the video. A sequence of frames is said to be regular along the directions in which the pixels vary the least. The directions of regularity of a sequence depend on both its motion content and its spatial structure. We model these directions by a 3D vector field, referred as the structural flow. This flow determines the paths of regularity along which the entropy of the data is smaller. We use these paths to construct a special class of wavelet basis, i.e., the 3D orthonormal bandelet basis for the directional decomposition of the sequence. Our experiments on several standard video sequences demonstrate the significant improvement in compression compared to the standard wavelet video coding.
Column-Chromatographic Analysis of Naturally Fluorescing Compounds: III. Rapid Analysis of Serotonin and Tryptamine

A previously described [ Clin. Chem. 18, 778 (1972)] chromatographic separation and fluorimetric detection system has been adapted to the determination of serotonin and tryptamine. A strong cation-exchange resin, "Aminex A-6," is used. At a column temperature of 60 °C, serotonin and tryptamine are eluted in 0.5 and 1.0 h, respectively, with an ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution (6 mol of acetate per liter). The sensitivity of the detector allows reliable quantitation of 100 ng of each amine in the sample loaded onto the column.
Contributions of amygdala and striatal activity in emotion regulation.

Background Emotional information can facilitate or interfere with cognitive processes. In this study, we examined the influence of emotional information in biasing performance and the biological basis underlying this influence. Methods Ten human subjects (five female) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an emotional go/nogo task. Results Subjects were slower to approach fearful target expressions and had more difficulty avoiding happy nontarget expressions. The amygdala was recruited most for negative emotional context, and activity in this region was positively correlated with response time when detecting negative expressions. Increased signal in the right caudate nucleus was observed when avoiding nontargets and was negatively correlated with the number of false alarms subjects made. Conclusions Emotional context can alter behavioral and biological responses when approaching or avoiding a stimulus. We showed that recruitment of the amygdala, a region implicated in evaluating emotional significance, was associated with longer response latencies when approaching negative information, whereas recruitment of the caudate nucleus, a structure previously implicated in reward and impulse control, was most active when avoiding positive information. Our findings have significant implications for exaggerated and inhibited emotional responses that are characteristic of a number of psychiatric disorders.
GAMMA—a high performance dataflow database machine

In this paper, the design, implementation techniques, and initial performance evaluation of Gamma are presented. Gamma is a new relational database machine that exploits dataflow query processing techniques. Ganma is a fully operational prototype consisting of 20 VAX 11/750 computers. The design of Gamma is based on an earlier multiprocessor database machine prototype (DIRECT) and several years of subsequent research on the problems raised by the DIRECT prototype. In addition to demonstrating that parallelism can really be made to work in a database machine context, the Gamma prototype shows how parallelism can be controlled with minimal control overhead through a combination of the use of algorithms based on hashing and the pipelining of data between processes. Except for 2 messages to initiate each operator of a query tree and 1 message when the operator terminates, the execution of a query is entirely self-scheduling. 52 refs., 12 figs.
Spatial Memory for Patterns of Taps on the Fingers

Ongoing development of haptic technology has the potential to provide significant improvement in safety and performance in demanding environments where vision and hearing are compromised. Research regarding the cognitive psychology of touch is lacking and could be beneficial in the development of expectations about human performance for the refinement and implementation of haptic technology. This study examines haptic-spatial memory using a novel assessment method based on finger anatomy. In addition, evidence is presented for a serial-position effect for haptic-spatial memory that is analogous to the classic serial-position effect demonstrated in the verbal recall of word lists. Finally, haptic-spatial memory is compared with short- and long-term memory for visual-spatial tasks.
Multiple Operating Points in Complex Pump Networks

Pump networks are pipe networks in which most head changes are produced by pumps. When nonmonotoncity exists in one or more pump characteristic curves, possibility of multiple operating points exists. An optimization model for steady state networks of arbitrary topology, complexity, and size is presented. Stationary points of the optimization model define possible operating points. Uniqueness conditions as well as conditions for possible multiple operating points are identified. Operating points can correspond to minimums, maximums, or saddle points of the optimization model objective function. A two pump network example illustrates the different possibilities. It is concluded that the stationary point character defines the relative stability of different steady state operating points.
Evolving Approaches in Research and Care for Ovarian Cancers: A Report From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

This Viewpoint discusses a recent report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that emphasizes the latest knowledge in ovarian cancer research and recommends approaches that will benefit outcomes for women with or at risk for ovarian cancer.
Important considerations in chest wall reconstruction

Chest wall reconstruction represents one of the most challenging tasks in plastic surgery. Over the past several decades, a more profound understanding of surgical anatomy and physiology along with tremendous advances in surgical technique have resulted in substantial improvements in postoperative outcomes. Conceptually, the reconstructive goals include dead space obliteration, restoration of skeletal stability with protection of intrathoracic structures, and stable soft tissue coverage. Ideally, these goals are achieved with minimal aesthetic deformity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:913-922. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erythropoietin for Prevention and Treatment of Anemia in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To evaluate and summarize the data on erythropoietin (EPO) use to prevent anemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE (1966-December 2003) using the key words erythropoietin, intensive care unit, anemia, and critically ill. Data Synthesis: Attempts to decrease the complications associated with anemia in ICU patients have recently focused on EPO use. Two comprehensive studies found that EPO significantly reduced the cumulative number of blood transfusions as compared to that of placebo. The assessing outcomes found no difference between the groups with respect to mortality rates, ventilation days, or length of stay. Conclusions: Available trials demonstrate reduced blood transfusions in ICU patients when EPO is administered. However, this result has not carried over as a defined clinical benefit. EPO use should be reserved for patients with longer hospital stays who are at risk for frequent blood transfusions as a comprehensive blood conservation strategy in the ICU.
Growth analysis of corn and soybean response to allelopathic effects of weed residues at various temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities.

The effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and yellow foxtail [Setariaglauca (L.) Beauv.] residues on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were evaluated at various temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) in a Biotron. Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used for the evaluation. Redroot pigweed markedly reduced leaf area duration (LAD), leaf weight ratio (LWR), and total dry matter production in both crops. Yellow foxtail residue inhibited total dry matter production in corn and soybeans 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP). It also reduced growth rate (GR) and LAD in corn and biomass increment (Δ W) in soybeans. Biomass increment was more closely correlated to LAD than net assimilation rate (NAR) in soybeans, whereas in corn NAR contributed more to Δ W than LAD. The 30/20 ° C temperature with a PPFD of 380 μE/m2/sec produced a larger Δ W with a greater NAR and larger LAD in corn, resulting in maximum dry matter accumulation than 20/10 ° C and other levels of PPFD. Under similar conditions, soybeans showed little or no response to the changes. The results demonstrate the allelopathic effects of weed residues on growth and dry matter production, affecting LAD, LWR, and GR. The results also show that environmental temperature and PPFD may alter the allelopathic effects of weeds on crops. The possible interference with photosynthesis and the partitioning of biomass into leaf component relative to the total biomass produced by the plant may be the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals present in redroot pigweed and yellow foxtail residues.
Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the mainstays in the treatment of pediatric spasticity and dystonia. When considering initiation of BoNT treatment for spasticity, treatment goals and responses to prior conservative measures such as passive range of motion exercises, splinting, and other medication trials should be reviewed. As a general rule, children should be engaged in therapy services around the time of the injections and have a robust home program in place. When managing spasticity in children with BoNT injections, the practitioner should be well versed in functional anatomy with specialized training in injection techniques. Localization techniques in addition to anatomical landmarks are recommended for improved efficacy and include limited electromyography, electrical stimulation, and/or ultrasound guidance. A follow-up visit for the purpose of reassessment during the peak effect of the drug is advised. It is known that BoNT is effective at reducing spasticity and improving range of motion, but it remains to be determined to what degree this translates into improved function, activity, and participation.
Microbubble formation from plasma polymers.

We document the formation of liquid-like particles in a toluene glow discharge that subsequently solidify via a process that releases hydrogen to form a solid microbubble with micrometer-size diameter, nanometer-size shell thickness, and high volume fraction, in excess of 90%. Liquid-like particles are produced in a toluene plasma under conditions that promote low degree of cross-linking (low power, high pressure). When these are transferred for observation in TEM, they are seen to transform under irradiation by the electron beam into solid bubbles with diameter of about 3 μm. This transformation also takes place under laser irradiation of sufficient power and under heating. We present evidence that the formation of these microbubbles is due to solidification of the liquid-like precursor that is accompanied by release of hydrogen. This mechanism is supported by a geometric model that provides a quantitative description of the particle size before and after solidification. These unique stimuli-responsive p...
Visual Simulation of Materials Design System

With the experiment of thin film deposition by vacuum evaporation techniques,a preliminary as- sumption that the object-oriented techniques could be applied in the visual simulation of materials design system is put forward in this paper.With the object oriented method,we could completely divide the simulation model into a frame- work structure based on the objects,so as to effectively realize the simplification and reusability of the simulation model of materials design.Some characteristics of the simulation system are also described.
Dimensionality of Diffusion in Flow-Aligned Surfactant-Templated Mesoporous Silica: A Single Molecule Tracking Study of Pore Wall Permeability

Flow-aligned mesoporous silica monoliths incorporating nanometer-sized cylindrical pores serve as models for materials with applications in chemical separations and catalysis. In many such systems, it is assumed that incorporated analytes or reagents are confined to and travel along the one-dimensional (1D) pores. Anisotropic motion is often inferred from ensemble measurements and knowledge of the material structure. In this report, single molecule tracking (SMT) is used to directly visualize the diffusive motions of uncharged, cationic, and anionic perylene diimide (PDI) dyes within the monoliths. The monolith pores are filled with Pluronic F127 surfactant, water, and alcohol. SMT data depict both isotropic and anisotropic diffusion for all three dyes. The charged dyes exhibit predominantly isotropic motions, suggesting these molecules readily pass through defects in the silica pore walls. In contrast, the motions of the uncharged PDI evolve to become more anisotropic with monolith aging. Results obtaine...
Churches as Allies and Agents of the State

Government administrators and policy-makers in the nineteenth century in both countries frequently made use of churches and missionary organizations to promote government objectives with respect to Indian peoples, and had no hesitation about providing public funding for schools with explicitly religious goals. Indeed, government officials, a number of whom were themselves ordained Protestant ministers, did not hesitate to express the intention that Indians become Christian. This close alliance with missionary organizations was common practice in the United States until, in the 1880s, anti-Catholic prejudice on the part of the majority led to increasing restrictions on funding of religious schools among the Indians, and it remained the norm in Canada (where the role of the Catholic Church in education enjoys constitutional protection) until after the Second World War.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by TCDD Modulates Expression of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Genes during Experimental Liver Fibrosis

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a soluble, ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Increasing evidence implicates the AhR in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. We recently reported that TCDD increased necroinflammation and myofibroblast activation during liver injury elicited by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). However, TCDD did not increase collagen deposition or exacerbate fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice, which raises the possibility that TCDD may enhance ECM turnover. The goal of this study was to determine how TCDD impacts ECM remodeling gene expression in the liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated for 8 weeks with 0.5 mL/kg CCl4, and TCDD (20 μg/kg) was administered during the last two weeks. Results indicate that TCDD increased mRNA levels of procollagen types I, III, IV, and VI and the collagen processing molecules HSP47 and lysyl oxidase. TCDD also increased gelatinase activity and mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13. Furthermore, TCDD modulated expression of genes in the plasminogen activator/plasmin system, which regulates MMP activation, and it also increased TIMP1 gene expression. These findings support the notion that AhR activation by TCDD dysregulates ECM remodeling gene expression and may facilitate ECM metabolism despite increased liver injury.
Preeclampsia and Extracellular Vesicles

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder characterized by development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation that remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While preeclampsia is believed to result from complex interactions between maternal and placental factors, the proximate pathophysiology of this syndrome remains elusive. Cell-to-cell communication is a critical signaling mechanism for feto-placental development in normal pregnancies. One mechanism of cellular communication relates to activated cell-derived sealed membrane vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The concentrations and contents of EVs in biological fluids depend upon their cells of origin and the stimuli which trigger their production. Research on EVs in preeclampsia has focused on EVs derived from the maternal vasculature (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle) and blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), as well as placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Changes in the concentrations and contents of these EVs may contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by accentuating the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory states of pregnancy. This review focuses on possible interactions among placental- and maternal-derived EVs and their contents in the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Understanding the contributions of EVs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia may facilitate their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Sub-channel selection for multi-user channel access in next generation Wi-Fi

The IEEE 802.11 specification for Wi-Fi supports 20 MHz channels utilizing bandwidths up to 160 MHz. However, the support of devices simultaneously transmitting over different, non-overlapping channels, is not specifically addressed. Recently, there has been interest in developing an 802.11 specification for next generation Wi-Fi which has led to the requirement for solutions with efficient frequency resource utilization that are not currently supported. In this paper we continue the study of the Multi-User Parallel Channel Access (MU/PCA) scheme that enables simultaneous transmissions to multiple devices of various bandwidths, while maintaining backward compatibility with 802.11ac. We provide detailed physical layer design methods for MU/PCA, and propose several multi-user sub-channel selection algorithms. Finally we present numerical results which demonstrate the potential performance of the proposed MU/PCA algorithms.
Opting Out of Congress: Partisan Polarization and the Decline of Moderate Candidates

This book provides a candidate entry explanation for partisan polarization in Congress. Danielle M. Thomsen draws on quantitative data to show that ideological moderates are less likely to run for and remain in Congress than those at the extremes. The book introduces a party fit argument for why moderates have opted out of congressional politics. It suggests that the personal and professional benefits of congressional service have diminished for liberal Republicans and conservative Democrats as the parties have drifted apart. Although the political center has long been deemed a coveted position in the legislature, it is now a lonely and lowly place to be. Opting Out of Congress argues that partisan polarization is unlikely to diminish if ideological moderates do not run for office, and reformers who seek to restore bipartisanship in Congress must consider how to encourage moderates to launch congressional candidacies.
Unitary Representations of Reductive Lie Groups and the Orbit Method

Let G be a Lie group acting on a manifold X and preserving a G-invariant measure. Abstract harmonic analysis seeks to understand the action of G on X by understanding the unitary representation of G on L 2 (X). This may be done by “decomposing” L2 (X) (in an appropriate sense) into irreducible unitary representations. In order to do this, it is useful to have in hand a family of irreducible unitary representations; not necessarily exhaustive, but large enough to solve a range of interesting harmonic analysis problems. The Kirillov-Kostant philosophy of coadjoint orbits seeks to provide such a family. The purpose of these notes is to describe what is known about implementing that philosophy, particularly for reductive groups.
A Framework of Episodic Updating: An Account of Memory Updating After Retrieval

Abstract One of the functional roles posited for retrieval-induced memory malleability is that it allows memories to be updated with new information. A large body of literature from the cognitive and neurocognitive traditions has shown that retrieval can facilitate new learning. However, there is also recent evidence demonstrating that retrieval can impair new learning. Current models of episodic retrieval primarily focus on the processes and contextual updating as they relate to target retrieval. However, any account of episodic retrieval should also be able to accommodate the finding that retrieval can both facilitate and impair learning of new information presented after the retrieval attempt. A framework of episodic updating is presented that aims to synthesize these contrasting effects. In the framework, emphasis is given to the postretrieval processing phase of episodic retrieval. This phase has been characterized as involving interactive metamemory processes that monitor and control facets of the retrieval process with respect to the current goals for retrieval. This chapter ends with a discussion of the practical implications of updating after retrieval in educational practice.
Comparative study of expression and activity of glucose transporters between stem cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells and hCMEC/D3 cells

Glucose constitutes a major source of energy of mammalian brains. Glucose uptake at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurs through a facilitated glucose transport, through glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), although other isoforms have been described at the BBB. Mutations in GLUT1 are associated with the GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, yet none of the current in vitro models of the human BBB maybe suited for modeling such a disorder. In this study, we investigated the expression of glucose transporters and glucose diffusion across brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from healthy patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We investigated the expression of different glucose transporters at the BBB using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry and measured glucose uptake and diffusion across BMEC monolayers obtained from two iPSC lines and from hCMEC/D3 cells. BMEC monolayers showed expression of several glucose transporters, in particular GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4. Diffusion of glucose across the monolayers was mediated via a saturable transcellular mechanism and partially inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors. Taken together, our study suggests the presence of several glucose transporters isoforms at the human BBB and demonstrates the feasibility of modeling glucose across the BBB using patient-derived stem cells.
Dermoid tumor of the middle ear: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract Dermoid tumors are benign inclusion cysts that are uncommon in the pediatric population. Dermoid tumors of the middle ear are exceedingly rare. A 17-month old female presented with 4-month history of recurrent left otitis media with chronic drainage, speech delay, and worsening episodes of stumbling while walking. A temporal bone CT scan showed complete left middle ear and mastoid air cell opacification. The patient underwent left tympanomastoidectomy for removal of the middle ear mass with pathologic confirmation of a dermoid tumor. The patient continues to do well post-operatively without evidence of disease recurrence. To our knowledge, only thirteen cases of middle ear dermoid tumors have been reported. The clinical and radiographic presentation of dermoid tumors can be similar to congenital cholesteatoma, but they are histopathologically distinct lesions. Surgical removal of the dermoid tumor is an effective treatment strategy as recurrence rates are low.
Emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Illinois counties: An epidemiological study based on the Social Ecological Model.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the predictive capability of the Social Ecological Model for emergency room visits for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods County-level secondary data ( n = 102) on emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were retrieved from the Illinois Department of Public Health for 2016. Data for variables operationalized from the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy levels of the Social Ecological Model were retrieved from several sources. Geographic information system software was used to examine the spatial distribution of emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Illinois. Robust linear regression analysis was used to examine significant predictors of emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results A regression model with all five levels of the Social Ecological Model accounted for 50% of the variability in emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, F(24,77) = 4.62, p < 0.001. Statistically significant predictors of emergency room visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were observed within the interpersonal, institutional, and community levels of the Social Ecological Model. Discussion Community health practitioners working to develop programs aimed at controlling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in Illinois should consider multiple levels of influence.
Anesthesia for Ex-Utero Intra-Partum Procedures

Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) are therapeutic interventions that are part of an extended cesarean section for fetuses with a variety of life-threatening airway abnormalities or congenital malformations. The anesthetic goals are to maintain the integrity of the maternal-fetal circulation while maintaining optimal uterine relaxation, the physiology and anesthetic goal of the EXIT procedure are reviewed and modifications to the classic treatment discussed. Multidisciplinary collaboration is required for optimum results.
Aequorin Luminescence-Based Functional Calcium Assay for Heterotrimeric G-Proteins in Arabidopsis

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) and G-protein-coupled receptors are important signaling components in eukaryotes. In plants, the G-proteins are involved in diverse physiological processes, some of which are exerted via changes in the level of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt). Various techniques have been developed to measure the change of [Ca(2+)]cyt, e.g., calcium-sensitive microelectrodes, chemical fluorescent dyes, and biosensors based on luminescent or fluorescent indicators. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for in vivo [Ca(2+)]cyt measurement in G-protein mutants expressing aequorin, a luminescent-based calcium biosensor, to extend our knowledge about G-protein mediated Ca(2+) signaling. This method is also applicable to other early signaling events that are mediated by changes in [Ca(2+)]cyt levels.
Secondary Prevention Of Osteoporosis

Secondary prevention of osteoporosis is currently accomplished by a stepwise approach in which risk factor reduction is sought. This approach can include the elimination of cigarette consumption, an increased calcium intake, and improved physical exercise.
Abstract 398: Loss of Both Phospholipid and Triglyceride Transfer Activities of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Abetalipoproteinemia

Mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) cause abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) characterized by the absence of plasma Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins. In this study, we characterized the effects of various MTP missense mutations found in ABL patients with respect to their expression, subcellular location, and interaction with Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI). In addition, we characterized functional properties by analyzing phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activities and studied their ability to support apoB secretion. All the mutants co-localized with calnexin and interacted with PDI. We found that R540H and N780Y, that are known to be deficient in triglyceride transfer activity, also lacked phospholipid transfer activity. Novel mutants S590I and G746E did not transfer triglycerides and phospholipids, and did not assist in apoB secretion. In contrast, D384A displayed both triglyceride and phospholipid transfer activities and supported apoB secretion. These studies point out that ABL is associated with the absence of both triglyceride and phospholipid transfer activities in MTP.
TCT-672 Trends in Utilization of Surgical and Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in the United States

The approval of percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVr) in patients with severe, symptomatic mitral regurgitation at prohibitive risk for surgery in October 2013 has led to increased use. We studied the impact of the adoption of this new procedure on the number of isolated surgical mitral valve
Faculty Toward Faculty Barriers and Bias

This chapter contains a case study of an interaction between two faculty members related to social norms and gender roles.
Text messaging to promote responsible personal listening device use in young adults.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to examine efficacy of text message reminders and to educate and promote safe personal listening device (PLD) use in young adults. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-seven urban college students from an urban university located in New York City, New York, participated in this pre- and postsurvey 6-month study (September 2016–March 2017). One hundred and ninety-eight students assigned to Group 1 (safe PLD use) received biweekly informative and humorous text reminders to encourage safe PLD use; 189 students assigned to Group 2 (controls) received monthly text messages related to the importance of their participation in the study with no mention of responsible PLD use. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the pre- and postquestionnaire data; outcomes were considered significant at P RESULTS: Participants who received text message reminders reported significant (H[1] = 86.7, P CONCLUSIONS: Text message reminders were reported and appear effective in motivating responsible PLD use in young adults.
Lidocaine Infusion Therapy

The local anesthetic lidocaine is increasingly used systemically for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Benefits for other pain conditions are less consistently observed, and most clinical reports are from small or poorly-controlled trials. Considered to act primarily as an antagonist of sodium channels, recent evidence suggests that several other mechanisms may contribute to the analgesic effect of lidocaine and its active metabolites. In properly screened patients, short intravenous infusions of doses of lidocaine are well tolerated without continuous monitoring of the ECG. Continuous infusions of lidocaine administered over 3–5 days may provide more durable pain control than intermittent, short infusions.