cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do You Know What I'm Saying? Strategies to Assess Motor Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder that typically lasts throughout the person's lifetime. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that about one in 88 U.S. children have ASD. It is usually diagnosed during childhood and is characterized by core symptoms that include qualitative impairment in social interaction and delays in the development of language and communication. Because of the cognitive, social, and language impairments in children with ASD, the implementation of strategies to ensure an accurate and successful motor-skill assessment should not be overlooked. Physical educators may need to take additional precautions as to how, who, what, and where a motor-skill assessment takes place. Specifically, motor-skill assessments of children with ASD may be affected by the way the assessment instructions are presented to the children, the individuals conducting the assessments, the tasks included in the assessments, and the environment in whic...
MDAsim: A multiple displacement amplification simulator

Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is a fast non-PCR based isothermal DNA amplification method that can amplify small amounts of DNA samples to a reasonable quantity for genomic analysis. This technique is suitable for metagenomics and single cell genome sequencing and related analyses. The distribution of the coverage of the output amplicons for single cell MDA unlike the multiceli amplification is not uniform. This distribution is unknown, and the parameters that affect this amplification bias have not been studied thoroughly. To have a better understanding of the MDA reaction we have developed a simplified mathematical model and the corresponding simulation algorithm called MDAsim to obtain a generative model for the output amplicons. In this paper we will show that the output coverage of MDAsim matches the experimental coverage very well. Therefore, the combination of MDAsim and a sequencing simulator can be utilized for test and evaluation of single cell assemblers avoiding the burden of experimental sequencing. Our results suggest that modelling the MDA mechanism and simulation of such increasingly complex models may provide valuable insight into the MDA process, which in turn can be used to design more efficient MDA reactions.
Efficient MAC for Real-Time Video Streaming over Wireless LAN

Wireless communication systems are highly prone to channel errors. With video being a major player in Internet traffic and undergoing exponential growth in wireless domain, we argue for the need of a Video-aware MAC (VMAC) to significantly improve the throughput and delay performance of real-time video streaming service. VMAC makes two changes to optimize wireless LAN for video traffic: (a) It incorporates a Perceptual-Error-Tolerance (PET) to the MAC frames by reducing MAC retransmissions while minimizing any impact on perceptual video quality; and (b) It uses a group NACK-based Adaptive Window (NAW) of MAC frames to improve both throughput and delay performance in varying channel conditions. Through simulations and experiments, we observe 56--89p improvement in throughput and 34--48p improvement in delay performance over legacy DCF and 802.11e schemes. VMAC also shows 15--78p improvement over legacy schemes with multiple clients.
Measurement of stress birefringence patterns in molten polymers flowing through geometrically complex channels

Measurements were taken of stress birefringence patterns in molten polymers flowing through geometrically complex channels. Six different flow channels were constructed for experiment, some representing the flow geometries of spinnerettes encountered in fiber spinning, and others representing mold cavities encountered in injection molding. All the flow channels had two glass windows, which permitted one to take photographs of the flow birefringence patterns of molten polymers with the aid of a polariscope. Quantitative information on the stress distributions in a flow channel was obtained, with the aid of the stress-optical laws, from the pictures taken of both isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns. The significance of flow birefringence measurement is discussed from the standpoint of die design for extrusion operation and mold design for injection molding operation.
What's the role of spatial awareness in visual perception of objects?

: I set out two theses. The first is Lynn Robertson’s: (a) spatial awareness is a cause of object perception. A natural counterpoint is: (b) spatial awareness is a cause of your ability to make accurate verbal reports about a perceived object. Zenon Pylyshyn has criticized both. I argue that nonetheless, the burden of the evidence supports both (a) and (b). Finally, I argue conscious visual perception of an object has a different causal role to both: (i) non-conscious perception of the object, and (ii) experience, e.g. hallucination, that may be subjectively indiscriminable from, but is not, perception of the object.
Update on Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) describe a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of morphologic, functional, and behavioral characteristics. These tumors are often indolent but they have the potential to cause symptoms through release of hormones and through local or distant spread. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) represent a subset of NETs and they have a unique pattern of symptoms and disease progression. Due to the heterogeneity of this disease it is important to identify reliable markers to help guide prognosis and predict response to therapy. The recent approval of two new agents in the treatment of advanced pNET has raised additional interest in the significance of molecular markers in this disease. At the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, several investigators reported on collaborative efforts to develop clinically useful biomarkers for this disease. Choti et al . (Abstract #4126) reported data about the functional characteristics of NETs and pNETs among a multi-institutional cohort finding that a substantial minority of patients have functional symptoms even when the disease is localized. Faggiano et al . (Abstract #1604) looked at a wide spectrum of NETs in several referral centers and reported on predictors of both short term and long term survival in this setting. Yao et al . (Abstract #4014) reported analysis of predictive biomarkers among patients in the RADIANT-2 trial which looked at the role of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus compared to placebo in NET. Fischer et al . (Abstract #4128) looked at a novel biomarker, placental growth factor (PlGF) and evaluated the role of serum and tissue levels of this protein as a predictive marker. Finally, Khan et al . (Abstract #4123) investigated the role of circulating tumor cells in NET (and pNET) and found that this may have potential as a prognostic marker and an early marker of response to therapy. The authors review and summarize these abstracts in this article. Image: Bard Haven Towers, Columbia University Medical Center . New York City, NY, USA (Summer time) .
Two Important Distinctions in Social Support: Kind of Support and Perceived Versus Received1

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of social support on adjustment to a first cardiac event. There were two goals: (a) to determine which function of support best facilitated adjustment and (b) to determine whether perceived or received support had a greater impact on psychological health. Sixty-four patients and their spouses were interviewed shortly before hospital discharge and 3 months following discharge. The results indicated that perceived support has a greater impact on adjustment than received support and that received support does not necessarily indicate that needs are being met. The most helpful form of support was best understood by considering the stressor phase, patient and spouse needs, and the adjustment outcome. Consistent with previous research, however, the negative aspects of social relationships were more robust predictors of well-being than the positive aspects of social relationships.
Stereotactic thalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor of the upper extremity: reassessment including a blinded measure of outcome

The effectiveness of high frequency stimulation of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (Vim-HFS) for treatment of tremor has been studied by blinded assessment. The effectiveness of thalamotomy for essential tremor of the upper extremity by use of a blinded measure of outcome is now reported. Thalamotomy was performed in 21 patients (three operated on bilaterally) with medically intractable, essential tremor. Assessments of function, handwriting/drawing, and tremor amplitude were done before and at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The handwriting/drawing score was rated by a neurologist blinded to patient identity, laterality, and operative status. By comparison with baseline, both the total functional score and the total score from blinded assessment of handwriting/drawing improved significantly at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The two scores were significantly correlated, suggesting that the blinded assessment is a good predictor of a total disability from tremor. Complications after unilateral thalamotomy included transient dysarthria, permanent perioral numbness, and permanent mild disequilibrium in one patient each. Permanent mild dysarthria occurred in two of three patients operated bilaterally. Thus a blinded assessment of outcome establishes that unilateral thalamotomy is an effective, safe procedure for the treatment of essential tremor.
Evidence for multiple sources of invasion and intraspecific hybridization in Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. in North America.

We compared the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in Eurasian and North American populations of Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. (false brome), a newly invasive perennial bunchgrass in western North America. Our goals were to identify source regions for invasive populations, determine the number of independent invasion events, and assess the possibility that postinvasion bottlenecks and hybridization have affected patterns of genetic diversity in the invaded range. We tested the hypothesis that this Eurasian grass was accidentally introduced into two areas in Oregon and one site in California by examining nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast haplotype variation in 23 introduced and 25 native populations. In the invaded range, there was significantly lower allelic richness (RS), observed heterozygosity (HO) and within-population gene diversity (HS), although a formal test failed to detect a significant genetic bottleneck. Most of the genetic variation existed among populations in the native range but within populations in the invaded range. All of the allelic variation in the invaded range could be explained based on alleles found in western European populations. The distribution of identified genetic clusters in the North American populations and the unique alleles associated with them is consistent with two historical introductions in Oregon and a separate introduction to California. Further analyses of population structure indicate that intraspecific hybridization among genotypes from geographically distinct regions of western Europe occurred following colonization in Oregon. The California populations, however, are more likely to be derived from one or perhaps several genetically similar regions in the native range. The emergence and spread of novel recombinant genotypes may be facilitating the rapid spread of this invasive species in Oregon.
Adaptive precompensators for flexible-link manipulator control

The application of input precompensators to flexible manipulators is considered. Frequency domain compensators color the input around the flexible mode locations, resulting in a bandstop or notch filter in cascade with the system. Time domain compensators apply a sequence of impulses at prespecified times related to the modal frequencies. The resulting control corresponds to a feedforward term that convolves in real-time the desired reference input with a sequence of impulses and produces a vibration-free output. An adaptive precompensator can be implemented by combining a frequency domain identification scheme which is used to estimate online the modal frequencies and subsequently update the bandstop interval or the spacing between the impulses. The combined adaptive input preshaping scheme provides the most rapid slew that results in a vibration-free output. Experimental results are presented to verify the results. >
Review of Clinical Correlates of P50 Sensory Gating Abnormalities in Patients with Schizophrenia

A large percentage of patients with schizophrenia are characterized by an abnormality in P50 sensory gating. This abnormality has been shown to be genetically linked to the α-7 nicotinic receptor and is transiently reversed by acute nicotine administration. These observations have led to the development of pharmacological treatments designed to improve sensory gating. However, if normalization of P50 gating abnormalities is to guide drug development, then it becomes important to delineate the clinical correlates of enhanced P50 gating. We conducted a review of all available articles through March 2005 that have examined this issue. We found that, despite the prominent role that P50 abnormalities have played in our understanding of schizophrenia, there is a relative dearth of data examining P50 clinical correlates. There is evidence suggestive of an association between P50 and measures of attention, and multiple studies have failed to document a cross-sectional or longitudinal relationship between P50 and positive, negative, or other symptoms. These results suggest that considerably more work needs to be done to understand and validate the clinical significance of this impairment.
Firm and Industry Effects in Accounting versus Economic Profit Data

This article presents estimates of firm and industry fixed-effects on profit rates for large US corporations, using both Economic Value Added (EVA), the popular measure of profits produced by Stern Stewart and Company, as well as simple (unadjusted) accounting measures as the dependent variable. We find that the improvement in explanatory power of the fixed-effect model is substantially greater when using EVA than has been documented with alternative measures.
Trend in Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) tusk asymmetry, 1990–2014

We used the basal circumference of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) tusks (upper canine teeth, n = 21,068 pairs) to estimate fluctuating asymmetry (FA1 index) from 1990 to 2014. The mean difference in circumference between paired tusks was −0.006 (SEM = 0.002) cm and approximately normally distributed. Measurement error was 0.6 (0.02)%, similar between biologists and lay persons (P = 0.83), and ≤15% of FA1. Tusk FA1 was greatest in 1990 then declined by 56% (P = 0.0001) through 2014. Male and female trends differed (P = 0.0001) and male FA1 was 40% greater (P = 0.0001) and the rate of decline 28% steeper (P = 0.3) than females. A quartic polynomial model (r2 = 0.66, wi = 0.685) fit the trend for female data better than simpler forms, whereas a linear model (r2 = 0.55, wi = 0.693) was a better fit for male data. Walrus tusk FA1 reflected periods when the population was stressed due to food limitations and then recovered, and perhaps when females began to experience the loss of preferred sea ice habitat in summer and FA1 is an easily monitored indicator. More work is needed to confirm the link between FA1, individual fitness, and adaptive potential.
Role of absorption and translocation in the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in horseweed populations from Mississippi, Arkansas, Delaware, and Tennessee. A nondestructive leaf-dip bioassay was developed to confirm resistance and susceptibility in individual test plants. A single leaf was excised from each plant, and the petiole and bottom one-fourth of leaf was dipped in a 600 mg ae L−1 glyphosate solution for 2 d followed by visually estimating the injury on a scale of 0 to 10. Plants were classified as resistant (R) if the score was 2 to 3 and susceptible (S) if the score was 5 to 6. 14C-glyphosate solution was applied on the adaxial surface of a fully expanded leaf of the second whorl of four-whorl rosette plants. Plants were harvested 48 h after treatment and radioactivity was determined in treated leaf, other leaves, crown, and roots. Absorption of 14C-glyphosate was similar (47 to 54%) between R and S plants from within and among the four states, suggesting absor...
Cytoskeletal regulation of the L-arginine/NO pathway in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

We investigated possible involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of thel-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). We exposed cultured PAEC to...
Urbanizing Irrigated Valleys for Optimum Water Use

Urbanization of irrigated valleys presently tends to be concentrated on the irrigated land. This not only causes permanent loss of agricultural land, it also makes it difficult to renovate and reuse the sewage effluent and to effectively utilize rainfall runoff. Better water reuse is possible if the urbanization were to take place on the unirrigated lands surrounding the valley. Sewage effluent could then be renovated by ground-water recharge via rapid-infiltration systems on the valley periphery. The renovated water would move underground to the irrigated parts of the valley, where it could be pumped from wells for unrestricted irrigation. Available water would thus be used twice: first by the municipalities and then by irrigation. Storm runoff from the urban developments could be spread over agricultural fields for irrigation or ground-water recharge. Ground-water could be managed to avoid water-table declines, while removal of the upper ground-water (via drains or shallow wells) below the irrigated fields would make it possible to maintain a salt balance for the entire valley.
Workload characterization

Analyzing an e-commerce site's scalability requires a solid understanding of its workload characteristics, but this characterization must occur at multiple levels and time scales. The author and colleagues have performed several workload characterization studies, including auction sites. Here, I present the general method we adopted and a few examples of the workload characterizations we studied.
Planning Makes (Closer to) Perfect: Exploring United States’ Local Government Officials’ Evaluations of Crisis Management

How a government responds to, manages, and communicates about crisis has direct implications for public well-being and ultimately shapes public opinion about local governments and government officials. Yet, little is known about crisis preparation, especially that of local governments. Local governments are involved in managing any crisis situation that affects their communities, regardless of the responsible organization or nature of the crisis. This study surveys local government officials (N = 307) in 44 states across the United States who manage crisis communication to reveal unique considerations of planning, magnitude and citizen satisfaction on crisis management. Novel findings are revealed with respect to each variable to direct future crisis research, particularly that informing the precrisis stage.
Performing and interpreting identity through Facebook imagery

This one-year cyber-ethnography examines identity presentations and interpretations of 346 Facebook users. The social–psychological theoretical framework used drew specifically from symbolic intera...
j5 DNA Assembly Design Automation

Modern standardized methodologies, described in detail in the previous chapters of this book, have enabled the software-automated design of optimized DNA construction protocols. This chapter describes how to design (combinatorial) scar-less DNA assembly protocols using the web-based software j5. j5 assists biomedical and biotechnological researchers construct DNA by automating the design of optimized protocols for flanking homology sequence as well as type IIS endonuclease-mediated DNA assembly methodologies. Unlike any other software tool available today, j5 designs scar-less combinatorial DNA assembly protocols, performs a cost-benefit analysis to identify which portions of an assembly process would be less expensive to outsource to a DNA synthesis service provider, and designs hierarchical DNA assembly strategies to mitigate anticipated poor assembly junction sequence performance. Software integrated with j5 add significant value to the j5 design process through graphical user-interface enhancement and downstream liquid-handling robotic laboratory automation.
Epidemiological analysis on malaria prevalence in Shanghai from 2003 to 2012

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Shanghai.Methods Data related to malaria cases during 2003 to 2012 year in Shanghai was collected and analyzed according to the 3 stages as malaria pre-elimination (2003-2008),pilot malaria elimination (2009-2010) and malaria elimination (2011-2012),respectively.Results A total number of 936 malaria cases were collected,including 616 cases of Plasmodium (P.)vivax,110 cases of P.falciparum and 210 cases of unidentified plasmodium.The overall annual incidence rate of malaria was lower than 1 per one hundred thousand and showing a gradual downward trend after 2008.P.vivax was mostly seen during 2003-2008 while the proportion of P.falciparum increased gradually during 2009-2010 and the case of P.falciparum occupied the most during 2011-2012.During 2003-2008,most malaria cases were infected in other provinces but diagnosed in Shanghai.However,between 2008 and 2012,malaria cases were mainly imported from overseas which accounted for 82.80％ of the total identified cases,particularly in 2012 that all the malaria cases were imported from Africa and South-East Asia.No indigenous malaria case had been identified since 2009.Conclusion The annual incidence rate of malaria in Shanghai showed a gradual downward trend.Not a single indigenous malaria case had been found for the last 4 years.However,the fact that the situation of importation called for special attention. Key words: Malaria; Elimination; Epidemic characteristics
Can Ultrasound Accurately Assess Ischiofemoral Space Dimensions? A Validation Study

Abstract Background Ischiofemoral impingement is a potential cause of hip and buttock pain. It is evaluated commonly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To our knowledge, no study previously has evaluated the ability of ultrasound to measure the ischiofemoral space (IFS) dimensions reliably. Objective To determine whether ultrasound could accurately measure the IFS dimensions when compared with the gold standard imaging modality of MRI. Design A methods comparison study. Setting Sports medicine center within a tertiary-care institution. Participants A total of 5 male and 5 female asymptomatic adult subjects (age mean=29.2 years, range=23-35 years; body mass index mean=23.5, range=19.5-26.6) were recruited to participate in the study. Methods Subjects were secured in a prone position on a MRI table with their hips in a neutral position. Their IFS dimensions were then acquired in a randomized order using diagnostic ultrasound and MRI. Main Outcome Measurements The main outcome measurements were the IFS dimensions acquired with ultrasound and MRI. Results The mean IFS dimensions measured with ultrasound was 29.5 mm (standard deviation [SD] 4.99 mm, standard error mean 1.12 mm), whereas those obtained with MRI were 28.25 mm (SD 5.91 mm, standard error mean 1.32 mm). The mean difference between the ultrasound and MRI measurements was 1.25 mm, which was not statistically significant (SD 3.71 mm, standard error mean 3.71 mm, 95% confidence interval −0.49 mm to 2.98 mm, t 19 = 1.506, P = .15). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the 95% limits of agreement between the 2 measurement was −6.0 to 8.5 mm, indicating that there was no systematic bias between the ultrasound and MRI measurements. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the IFS measurements obtained with ultrasound are very similar to those obtained with MRI. Therefore, when evaluating individuals with suspected ischiofemoral impingement, one could consider using ultrasound to measure their IFS dimensions. Level of Evidence III
Implementation of Technology-based Patient Engagement Strategies within Practice-based Research Networks.

Background: Technology-based patient engagement strategies (such as patient portals) are increasingly available, yet little is known about current use and barriers within practice-based research networks (PBRNs). PBRN directors have unique opportunities to inform the implementation of patient-facing technology and to translate these findings into practice. Methods: PBRN directors were queried regarding technology-based patient engagement strategies as part of the 2015 CAFM Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey of PBRN directors. A total of 102 PBRN directors were identified via the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality9s registry; 54 of 96 eligible PBRN directors completed the survey, for a response rate of 56%. Results: Use of technology-based patient engagement strategies within PBRNs was limited, with less than half of respondents reporting experience with the most frequently named tools (risk assessments/decision aids). Information technology (IT) support was the top barrier, followed by low rates of portal enrollment. For engaging participant practices, workload and practice leadership were cited as most important, with fewer respondents noting concerns about patient privacy. Discussion: Given limited use of patient-facing technologies, PBRNs have an opportunity to clarify the optimal use of these strategies. Providing IT support and addressing clinician concerns regarding workload may facilitate the inclusion of innovative technologies in PBRNs.
Food Solutions New England: Racial Equity, Food Justice, and Food System Transformation

When originally conceived, the efforts of Food Solutions New England (FSNE) were centered on discovering the potential and possibility of working together as a six-state entity. Our first New England summit was convened in 2011. We considered the benefits of working together regionally, explored the possibilities of promoting greater food justice, and embraced the merits of expanding food production via the concept of a New England Food Vision. By 2012 we had adopted the collective impact model as a way to organize our work. In 2013, during this first year of breakout sessions we identified "racial equity and food justice" as non-negotiable, explicit attributes that should inform all food system work. We continue to learn and demonstrate a commitment to promoting greater racial equity and food justice through a variety of network and community strategies. Select examples from FSNE's efforts are provided as evidence of the power of collective impact and regional collaboration. As states and regions come together to challenge the status quo, share strategies, and align policies and practices designed to address food system inequities, we are emboldened, knowing that our collective commitment and actions will have implications that extend well beyond the food system. See the press release for this article.
Panel interview for internal medicine residency selection: pros and cons.

Selection of residents is an extremely important process for a residency program as it determines the quality of patient care as well as the academic and research progress of the program. Most studies have focused on the relationship between the national board exam scores, such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the subsequent clinical performance of the selected residents. However, a low to moderate correlation has been found between board scores and residency performance.1 Additionally other studies have assessed the residency program directors’ opinions about the relative importance of various selection strategies. They found the top three common selection elements were clerkship grades, reference letters, and the USMLE Step 1 scores.2 There is no consensus as to which selection strategy is the most useful in choosing the candidates. Thus, the existing selection process is not ideal and has many shortcomings. For instance, it may not give an accurate representation of the interviewee as a medical resident.3 Likewise, there may be a major reliance on one parameter, such as the USMLE scores. This may come at the expense of other parameters, such as the candidate’s communication skills, character, and professionalism.4 Also, there is inter- and intra-observer variability in rating the residency candidates. These shortcomings make the selection process subjective and unreliable, which should be avoided when making assessments.5 Adopting a new interview style During the 2015-2016 interview season, the University of Toledo Internal Medicine Residency Program introduced a panel-style interview. Previously, the residency program relied on one-on-one interviews with various faculty members to evaluate candidates. Changing the interview style allowed an opportunity for multiple interviewers (the panel) to evaluate a residency candidate. Our panel members consisted of the program director/associate program director, a faculty member, and the chief resident. Also, under the one-on-one interview format, it allowed the interviewer greater access to beforehand knowledge of the candidate, which was changed under the panel interview style. Instead, the interviewers were blinded to the objective criteria, such as USMLE scores. After completion of the interview, the panel members individually scored the residency candidate using various subjective elements, such as communication skills, teaching potential, and professionalism. Subsequently, these scores were used by the residency program to calculate the final rankings of all the candidates during the interview season.
Pomegranate polyphenolics reduce inflammation and ulceration in intestinal colitis—involvement of the miR-145/p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in vivo and in vitro

Abstract This study investigated the potential role of the p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in the anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenolics in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Sprague–Dawley rats and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CCD-18Co colon-myofibroblastic cells. Rats were administered either control (CT) or pomegranate beverage (PG), containing ellagic acid and ellagitannins, then exposed to three cycles of 3% DSS followed by a 2-week recovery period. PG protected against DSS-induced colon inflammation and ulceration (50% and 66.7%, P=.05 and .045, respectively), and decreased the Ki-67 proliferative index in the central and basal regions compared to the control. PG also significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), COX-2, and iNOS at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α was reduced, while the tumor suppressor miR-145 was induced by PG. The intestinal microbiota of rats treated with PG showed a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae that include several butyrate producing bacteria (P=.03). In vitro, PG reduced the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α and induced miR-145 in a dose-dependent manner. The involvement of miR-145/p70S6K1 was confirmed by treating LPS-treated CCD-18Co cells with miR-145 antagomiR, where the pomegranate polyphenolics reversed the effects of the antagomiR for p70S6K1 mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that pomegranate polyphenols attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the miR-145/p70S6K/HIF1α axis, indicating potential use in therapeutic treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Appreciative Inquiry: An Experiential Exercise and Course Feedback Tool:

The action research method of appreciative inquiry (AI) was employed to develop a teaching tool. This exercise involves students’ reflections on a course, noting when they learned the most. The AI process of appreciating, envisioning, dialoging, and innovating is used to help students reflect on how they learn. Instructors of all types of courses at both the undergraduate and master’s degree levels gain understanding of student learning and ideas on how to improve courses. The exercise and sample responses from students are provided to demonstrate how the exercise works. Three variations are presented: mapping the exercise onto Kolb’s learning styles, running the exercise at the midpoint of a course, and a case study of an AI implementation in an organization.
Mitigating the thermally induced single event crosstalk

With advances in technology scaling, circuits become increasingly more sensitive to transient pulses caused by single event (SE) particles. With scaling, interconnects are also being laid closer to each other causing increased cross-coupling noise effects. Due to strong coupling among wires, SE transients can easily contaminate electronically unrelated circuit paths via SE crosstalk noise effects increasing SE susceptibility of CMOS circuits. This work reports that varying temperature profiles on nearby interconnects can further alleviate SE crosstalk noise effects. The increased temperature affects both interconnect resistance and driving strength of transistors. If temperature induced effects are not properly considered, standard measures taken such as driver sizing may fail causing a new reliability issue. This work first discusses these effects and then proposes a mitigation method for thermally induced SE crosstalk based on adaptive body biasing of driver transistors and a temperature sensor. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed method can successfully mitigate thermally induced crosstalk noise by 86% on average.
The influences of work and home interference and facilitation on job satisfaction: An attachment theory perspective.

Abstract. Domain interference predicts lower job satisfaction, whereas domain facilitation predicts higher job satisfaction. However, prior research has examined the effects of interference and fac...
Algunos temas en la teoría de Suárez del alma separada

In this article, I focus on three issues in Francisco Suarez’s account of the separated soul: the status of the separated soul as a person, the separated soul’s knowledge of itself, and the question of the soul’s nature both as form of the body and as existing outside the body. I place his discussion in dialogue with St. Thomas Aquinas and Cajetan (Thomas de Vio) and show the ways he departs from those two thinkers. Finally, I show that his account of these problems makes for a philosophically probable account of the resurrection of the body.
Group B Coxsackie Disease in Children

The group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations in children. Some disease syndromes are identical to, or share many common features with, diseases caused by other enteroviruses. Indeed, most clinical virology laboratories no longer identify isolated enteroviruses by group or by serotype, since this information is rarely of immediate importance to physicians and their patients. Nonetheless, there are several clinical syndromes which are uniquely associated with CVB infection, such as myopericarditis and pleurodynia (Bornholm disease). This chapter covers several important CVB-related diseases in childhood including CNS infection, respiratory tract infections, pleurodynia, and vertically transmitted infections. A complete discussion of myopericarditis, which is also an important pediatric disease, can be found in Chap. 3.
Influence of Ocean CO2 Sequestration on Bacterial Elemental Cycling

Publisher Summary Emissions of atmospheric CO 2 from combustion of fossil fuels and alterations in land use have contributed to increases in global surface air temperatures over the past century. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas. Increasing atmospheric concentrations are believed to be responsible for a gradual warming of the Earth. International research teams are working on a variety of strategies to sequester CO 2 , and one of those efforts involves the deep ocean. An international collaboration to conduct a field experiment on CO 2 ocean sequestration was initiated in December 1997. The goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of transporting and containing anthropogenic CO 2 in the deep ocean. This chapter focuses on studies being conducted as part of the field experiment assessing the influence of decreased pH from CO 2 dissolution on bacterial production in the ocean. A preliminary analysis of the variation in bacterial production under different values of pH and temperature, conducted in July 1999, indicated that there was no measurable effect on the microbial population in the first 24 hrs of the experiment. However, there was a rapid decline in bacterial production with decreases in pH over a 96 hour incubation period. In addition, the impact of reduced pH was more pronounced when the bacteria were grown at warmer temperatures—that is, with a more rapid production rate.
Custody of Children

Custody is the arrangement by which adults, usually parents, exercise control over the person and property of a minor, usually defined as a person younger than the age of 18 years. Disputes over custody may be settled by a court or mediation. A parent awarded sole custody is completely in charge; the other parent may have visitation or contact rights. Joint custody usually means that both parents have to agree on major decisions. Related ethical issues include the relative value to be placed in a custody decision on biological, rather than relational, continuity; differences in international law; the extent of the child’s involvement in and consent to the decision; assessing competing interests in determining a child’s best interests; and the role of expert witnesses in child custody proceedings.
Encoding of an engram for food location by satiety-promoting Drd2 hippocampal neurons

SUMMARY Associative learning guides feeding behavior in mammals in part by using cues that link location in space to food availability. However, the elements of the top-down circuitry encoding the memory of the location of food is largely unknown, as are the high-order processes that control satiety. Here we report that hippocampal dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) neurons are specifically activated by food and that modulation of their activity reduce food intake in mice. We also found that activation of these neurons interferes with the valence of food and the acquisition of a spatial memory linking food to a location via projections from the hippocampus to the lateral septum. Finally, we showed that inputs from lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) to the hippocampus can also drive satiety via activation of D2R cells. These data describe a previously unidentified function for hippocampal D2R cells to regulate feeding behavior and identifies a LEC->Hippocampus->Septal high-order circuit that encodes the memory of food location.
Hammer Time: The Publicii Malleoli Between Cult and Cultural History

This article studies the adoption of the nickname Malleolus (“little hammer”) by members of the gens Publicia in mid-republican Rome to illustrate the importance of grounding cultural history in the lives of seemingly minor political players and the mundane objects with which they came to be associated. After reviewing the occupational significance of hammers during the First Punic War (Part I), I scrutinize the ritual and cultic intersignifications of hammers in fourth- and third-century BCE central Italy (II) in order to set up a comprehensive reconstruction of the social and semiotic networks that structured and mediated the dedication of a temple to the goddess Flora by the brothers Publicii Malleoli at a time of internal political crisis and external conflict (III). Central to the political and intercultural contests of mid-republican Rome was the generative force of the polyvalent and object-centered cognomen in establishing and promoting individual and collective identities.
Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Utilizing Enoxaparin Does Not Increase Bleeding Complications After Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery.

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis warrants an individualized, risk-stratified approach, and constitutes a relatively controversial topic in plastic surgery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the safety of a 7-day postoperative enoxaparin regimen for VTE prophylaxis compared with a single preoperative dose of heparin in abdominal body contouring surgery. METHODS This single-institution pre-post study investigated the safety of a 7-day enoxaparin postoperative regimen in abdominal body contouring procedures performed by a single surgeon from 2007 to 2018. Four procedures were included: traditional panniculectomy, abdominoplasty, fleur-de-lis panniculectomy, and body contouring liposuction. Group I patients received a single dose of 5000 U subcutaneous heparin in the preoperative period, and no postoperative chemical prophylaxis was administered. Group II patients received 40 mg subcutaneous enoxaparin in the immediate preoperative period, then once daily for 7 days postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 195 patients were included in the study, 66 in Group I and 129 in Group II. The groups demonstrated statistically similar VTE risk profiles, based on the 2005 Caprini risk-assessment model. There were no statistically significant differences in the 2 primary outcomes: postoperative bleeding and VTE events. Group I patients had higher reoperation rates (22.7% vs 10.1%, P = 0.029), which was secondary to higher rates of revision procedures. CONCLUSIONS A 7-day postoperative course of once-daily enoxaparin for VTE risk reduction in abdominal body contouring surgery does not significantly increase the risk of bleeding. Implementation of this regimen for postdischarge chemoprophylaxis, when indicated following individualized risk stratification, is appropriate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
A Spectrum of Metastatic Disease in the Chest: Insights for the Radiologist.

ABSTRACT The diverse imaging manifestations of thoracic metastatic disease often challenge accurate interpretation. Malignant cells usually arrive via the bloodstream but find fertile substrates within the pulmonary circulation, lymphatic networks, branching airways, and pleural envelope. Unusual metastatic nodules cavitate, calcify, or hemorrhage. Widespread intravascular tumor may induce pulmonary hypertension. In lymphangitic carcinomatosis the deep and superficial lymphatic networks expand with tumorlets, with consequent parenchymal congestion. Nodal lymphomas can spread retrograde via lymphatic pathways, forming multilobar consolidations that mimic pneumonia. Sarcoid-like reactions occasionally develop in thoracic nodes and lung in settings of malignancy or immunotherapy, and are often confused with tumor recurrence.
A high-throughput quantification of resin and rubber contents in Parthenium argentatum using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), a plant native to semi-arid regions of northern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States, is an alternative source for natural rubber (NR). Rapid screening tools are needed to replace the current labor-intensive and cost-inefficient method for quantifying rubber and resin contents. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising technique that simplifies and speeds up the quantification procedure without losing precision. In this study, two spectral instruments were used to rapidly quantify resin and rubber contents in 315 ground samples harvested from a guayule germplasm collection grown under different irrigation conditions at Maricopa, AZ. The effects of eight different pretreatment approaches on improving prediction models using partial least squares regression (PLSR) were investigated and compared. Important characteristic wavelengths that contribute to prominent absorbance peaks were identified. Using two different NIR devices, ASD FieldSpec®3 performed better than Polychromix Phazir™ in improving R2 and residual predicative deviation (RPD) values of PLSR models. Compared to the models based on full-range spectra (750–2500 nm), using a subset of wavelengths (1100–2400 nm) with high sensitivity to guayule rubber and resin contents could lead to better prediction accuracy. The prediction power of the models for quantifying resin content was better than rubber content. In summary, the calibrated PLSR models for resin and rubber contents were successfully developed for a diverse guayule germplasm collection and were applied to roughly screen samples in a low-cost and efficient way. This improved efficiency could enable breeders to rapidly screen large guayule populations to identify cultivars that are high in rubber and resin contents.
Problems with social acceptance and social victimization predict substance use among U.S. Reserve/Guard soldiers

The effects of negative social interactions/experiences on substance use have largely been studied in civilian populations, but less is known about United States Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers-a high-risk group. We examined the associations between problems with social acceptance, social victimization, and substance use among USAR/NG soldiers, and examined potential differences by deployment history. The sample consisted of soldiers who completed baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments (N = 445) of Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing study of USAR/NG soldiers. We examined the effects of baseline problems with social acceptance/social victimization on nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), illicit drug use, frequent heavy drinking (FHD), and alcohol problems at follow-up. Significant effects were small in magnitude but consistent in direction. Greater problems with social acceptance were associated with higher odds of NMUPD and illicit drug use. Greater social victimization was associated with higher odds of NMUPD and illicit drug use. There were no differences by deployment history. Problems with social acceptance/social victimization were not associated with FHD or alcohol problems. Problems with social acceptance/social victimization may contribute to drug use among USAR/NG soldiers. Intervention programs should address social issues, regardless of deployment history.
The Relationship Between Neuroticism Facets, Conscientiousness, and Human Attachment to Pet Cats

Gaining knowledge about the diverse correlates of human–pet attachment will help us better understand the nature of this bond. Previous research found that the personality dimensions of neuroticism...
Hybrid Five-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Electric Aircraft Propulsion Drives

Medium voltage dc system is a promising technology to significantly improve the efficiency and power density of electric aircraft propulsion drives. In this paper, a five-level active neutral point clamped (5L-ANPC) topology is selected as the inverter for the propulsion drives, due to its higher voltage capability and lower output harmonics as well as reduced common-mode voltage. To meet the high-speed requirement of the aircraft propulsion drives and to boost the efficiency and power density of the inverter, Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconduc-tor devices are considered for the 5L-ANPC inverter. However, the large commutation loop associated with some of the switching states of the inverter prevent configuring all the switches as SiC devices. As a result, a hybrid "Si+SiC" five-level ANPC inverter and a synchronous optimal pulse width modulation strategy are developed, in which the SiC devices are only used for the switches at the ac output side and the rest of the switches are configured with Si IGBTs. This hybrid ANPC inverter concurrently achieves high efficiency and low implementation cost, at high-speed operation mode. Thermal modeling and simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed hybrid inverter.