cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pancreatitis coincident with Crohn's ileocolitis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A young woman who developed acute pancreatitis coincident with Crohn's disease is presented. The pancreatitis was documented by pancreatic hyperamylasemia, elevated urine amylase activity, abdominal sonogram, computed tomography, and laparotomy. A cause-and-effect relationship has not been established, however; no etiology other than the Crohn's disease, which was confined to the ileum and colon, could be identified. Surgical removal of the severely involved ileum led to the resolutionof the pancreatitis. A possible relationship between acute pancreatitis and Crohn's disease is proposed, although potential pathophysiologic mechanisms are unknown. The diagnosis of pancreatic involvement in such cases may make an important contribution to therapy.
Surveillance of Kaschin-Beck Disease in Aba Prefecture,2008

Objective To provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD) and baseline data for the evaluation of the comprehensive treatment in Aba prefecture.Methods According to the requirement of "Kaschin-Beck Disease Surveillance Protocol in 58 Survey Sites in Aba Prefecture in 2008",58 KBD survey sites were selected in serious,moderate and mild endemic areas to conduct surveillance on KBD and related risk factor.Results A total of 22 259 people were examined clinically,6 408 patients at≥grade I were detected with the average prevalence of 28.79%,of which 3 802 were children aged 6-13 years,and the 6 children were at ≥grade I,the detection rate was 0.16%.X-ray checks were taken for 2540 children aged 6-13 years old,of which 69 were positive,the average detection rate was 2.72%.Totally 297 hair samples were collected from the children aged 6-13 years,the hair selenium value was 0.21±0.066mg/kg,and 250 staple food samples were collected,and the value of Toxin T-2 was 7.71±5.31ng/g.Conclusion The prevalence of KBD was high in Aba prefecture,and most patients were in severe illness.The positive rate of X-ray check was high.
Research on the Design of Robust Controller for AMD System with Uncertainties

A mathematical model of any real system is always just an approximation of the true,physical reality of the system dynamics.There are always uncertainties in the system modeling.This paper outlines a general approach to the design of an H-infinity control of an Active Mass Damper(AMD) for the vibration reduction of a building with mass and stiffness uncertainties.Linear fractional transformation(LFT) is utilized in this paper for uncertainty modeling.To facilitate the computation of the H-infinity controller,an efficient solution procedure based on Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs) is employed.The controller uses the acceleration signal for feedback.A two-story building test-bed with an AMD is used to test the designed H-infinity controller.Earthquake ground motion is introduced by a shaking table.A pair of diagonal shape memory alloy(SMA) wire braces is installed in the first floor to introduce stiffness uncertainty to the structure by controlling the temperature of the SMA wire brace.Masses are added to the structure to introduce mass uncertainty.Experiments were conducted and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed H-infinity controller in dealing with stiffness and mass uncertainties.
Tomotherapy Radiosurgery For Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Technical Perspective

We present the technical parameters used in this first application of Tomo Therapy for the treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia. A total of seven patients were treated between November 2007 and October 2011. Treatments were delivered to the trigeminal nerve root, and a 2 mm margin, in a single fraction of 30 or 35 Gy. Tomo Therapy mega voltage CT imaging prior to treatment was carried out with a new 1 mm imaging collimator configuration, effectively doubling the best resolution previously available. Treatments were carried out using the 1 cm collimator yielding pencil beams of 0.64x1.0 cm. The pitch used varied from 0.05-0.10. The total beam-on time for the treatments varied from a high of 63.7 minutes for the earlier software versions to a low of 26.5 minutes for version 4. The minimum dose to 95% of the target ranged from 28.3-36.1 Gy while the mean target dose ranged 31.2-42.0 Gy. The mean dose to the brainstem was 1.01-1.55 Gy and the maximum dose to a volume of 0.02 cc ranged from 7.3-12.3 Gy. The results indicate that Tomo-Therapy can be configured for use in the treatment of TGN with acceptable dose to the target and to sensitive organs.
Detonation Studies of Pentolite Sticks

AbstractRecent developments in high-speed photographic instrumentation have made it possible to observe the luminosity from exploding pentolite charges in greater detail, and to associate this luminosity with physical detonation and shock phenomena. By studying and identifying the luminosity in separate phases and combining the results, an overall model is obtained, which includes a “preliminary light”, the detonation front, a “dark-space” and finally luminous air shock.The results of these studies have also been used to explain and clarify questionable observations made by earlier techniques.
Optical Satellite Communications

Satellite-based communication systems of today are increasingly capacity limited. Based on radio frequency or microwave (generically RF) technologies, current state-of-the-art satellite communications (satcom) are often constrained by hardware and spectrum allocation limitations. Consequently, mobile payload sensors and instruments (on satellite or aircraft) are often implemented with restricted capacity to better match that of the host platform. Such limitations are expected to worsen as future interplanetary, deep-space, and manned missions use more sophisticated data-intensive sensors and as the demand for information—and a bigger return on the space-exploration investment—continues to increase.
Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy

The umbilical vessels insert onto the placental surface, branch, run within the chorionic plate, and then, at the periphery, turn abruptly toward the maternal surface, branching repeatedly to finally become villous capillaries. Blood is returned from the villous capillary loops to the umbilical cord by veins that merge into the umbilical vein. In the overwhelming majority of cotyledons, there is a 1:1 relation between artery and vein at the periphery, and each artery “supplies” a single cotyledon (placentone). It is remarkable that at least the larger arteries always cross over the veins on the placental surface. They can thus be readily identified by macroscopic examination, while histologically it is nearly impossible to make this distinction. It is interesting to note that the circumferential architecture of the placental surface vessels is asymmetrical. This is due to hemodynamic thinning where pressure in the vessels buckle and thin the superficial portions of the vessels, whereas the “fixed” portions resist this pressure. This phenomenon of thinning of the superficial aspect of chorionic vessels is also shared with cord vessels.
C. Elegans Metabolic Gene Regulatory Networks: A Dissertation

In multicellular organisms, determining when and where genes will be expressed is critical for their development and physiology. Transcription factors (TFs) are major specifiers of differential gene expression. By establishing physical contacts with the regulatory elements of their target genes, TFs often determine whether the target genes will be expressed or not. These physical and/or regulatory TF-DNA interactions can be modeled into gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which provide a systems-level view of differential gene expression. Thus far, much of the GRN delineation efforts focused on metazoan development, whereas the organization of GRNs that pertain to systems physiology remains mostly unexplored. My work has focused on delineating the first gene regulatory network of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans metabolic genes, and investigating how this network relates to the energy homeostasis of the nematode. The resulting metabolic GRN consists of ~70 metabolic genes, 100 TFs and more than 500 protein–DNA interactions. It also includes novel protein-protein interactions involving the metabolic transcriptional cofactor MDT-15 and several TFs that occur in the metabolic GRN. On a global level, we found that the metabolic GRN is enriched for nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs). NHRs form a special class of TFs that can interact with diffusible biomolecules and are well-known regulators of lipid metabolism in other organisms, including humans. Interestingly, NHRs comprise the largest family of TFs in nematodes; the C. elegans genome encodes 284 NHRs, most of which are uncharacterized. In our study, we show that the C. elegans NHRs that we retrieved in the metabolic GRN organize into network modules, and that most of these NHRs function to maintain lipid homeostasis in the nematode. Network modularity has been proposed to facilitate rapid and robust changes in gene expression. Our results suggest that the C. elegans metabolic GRN may have evolved by combining NHR family expansion with the specific modular wiring of NHRs to enable the rapid adaptation of the animal to different environmental cues.
Product Introduction Strategies under Sequential Innovation for Durable Goods with Network Effects

When network effects are important and technology is rapidly improved, this paper explores the relative optimality of five product introduction strategies of a durable goods manufacturer: (1) replacement, (2) skipping, (3) a delayed line, (4) shelving, and (5) line-extension. Using a two-period analytical model, we show how the type of compatibility—either full or backward compatibility—and the magnitude of the network effect influence the manufacturer's preference for the above strategies. Our analysis reveals that only the strategies (1)-(3) above can be optimal; and the optimal strategy varies with network strength. Further, the type of compatibility can dramatically change the profitability under each optimal strategy; for instance, while backward compatibility can increase the profitability of replacement under certain conditions, it always reduces the profitability of a delayed line. We also illustrate that if compatibility were a choice, although backward compatibility may be observed widely in practice, the parametric region for its optimality is relatively more restricted than that of full compatibility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hyperplanes That Intersect Each Ray of a Cone Once and a Banach Space Counterexample

Suppose is a cone contained in real vector space . When does contain a hyperplane that intersects each of the 0-rays in exactly once? We build on results found in Aliprantis, Tourky, and Klee Jr.’s work to give a partial answer to this question. We also present an example of a salient, closed Banach space cone for which there does not exist a hyperplane that intersects each 0-ray in exactly once.
Allosteric effects of gold nanoparticles on human serum albumin

The ability of nanoparticles to alter protein structure and dynamics plays an important role in their medical and biological applications. We investigate allosteric effects of gold nanoparticles on human serum albumin protein using molecular simulations. The extent to which bound nanoparticles influence the structure and dynamics of residues distant from the binding site is analyzed. The root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation and variation in the secondary structure of individual residues on a human serum albumin protein are calculated for four protein-gold nanoparticle binding complexes. The complexes are identified in a brute-force search process using an implicit-solvent coarse-grained model for proteins and nanoparticles. They are then converted to atomic resolution and their structural and dynamic properties are investigated using explicit-solvent atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that even though the albumin protein remains in a folded structure, the presence of a gold nanoparticle can cause more than 50% of the residues to decrease their flexibility significantly, and approximately 10% of the residues to change their secondary structure. These affected residues are distributed on the whole protein, even on regions that are distant from the nanoparticle. We analyze the changes in structure and flexibility of amino acid residues on a variety of binding sites on albumin and confirm that nanoparticles could allosterically affect the ability of albumin to bind fatty acids, thyroxin and metals. Our simulations suggest that allosteric effects must be considered when designing and deploying nanoparticles in medical and biological applications that depend on protein-nanoparticle interactions.
Health information identification and de-identification toolkit.

Health identifiers are required for health information systems ranging in scope from the national to the smallest clinical study. Identification systems will differ in the tradeoffs of privacy and control that they represent. The Health Information Identification and De-Identification Toolkit (HIIDIT) is a generator of health identification systems that allows a system architect to specify the set of tradeoffs that are desired for any particular health information system.
JNSViewer—A JavaScript-based Nucleotide Sequence Viewer for DNA/RNA secondary structures

Many tools are available for visualizing RNA or DNA secondary structures, but there is scarce implementation in JavaScript that provides seamless integration with the increasingly popular web computational platforms. We have developed JNSViewer, a highly interactive web service, which is bundled with several popular tools for DNA/RNA secondary structure prediction and can provide precise and interactive correspondence among nucleotides, dot-bracket data, secondary structure graphs, and genic annotations. In JNSViewer, users can perform RNA secondary structure predictions with different programs and settings, add customized genic annotations in GFF format to structure graphs, search for specific linear motifs, and extract relevant structure graphs of sub-sequences. JNSViewer also allows users to choose a transcript or specific segment of Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequences and predict the corresponding secondary structure. Popular genome browsers (i.e., JBrowse and BrowserGenome) were integrated into JNSViewer to provide powerful visualizations of chromosomal locations, genic annotations, and secondary structures. In addition, we used StructureFold with default settings to predict some RNA structures for Arabidopsis by incorporating in vivo high-throughput RNA structure profiling data and stored the results in our web server, which might be a useful resource for RNA secondary structure studies in plants. JNSViewer is available at http://bioinfolab.miamioh.edu/jnsviewer/index.html.
A New Perspective of Salesperson Motivation and Salesforce Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Salesperson-Brand Identification

The purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test the mediating role of salesperson brand identification in the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivational dispositions and three salesforce outcomes–sales performance, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. We find salesperson brand identification mediates salesperson motivation’s impact on outcomes for extrinsically motivated salespeople. We combine motivational and social identification theories to provide a better understanding of the relationship between salesperson innate motivational dispositions and salesforce management outcomes. We provide additional insight as to how salesperson identification with the brand can boost performance, gain commitment, and increase job satisfaction among salespeople.
Application of Latent Growth Curve Analysis With Categorical Responses in Social Behavioral Research

Latent growth modeling allows social behavioral researchers to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in within-person change. Typically, conventional latent growth curve models are applied to continuous variables, where the residuals are assumed to be normally distributed, whereas categorical variables (i.e., binary and ordinal variables), which do not hold to normal distribution assumptions, have rarely been used. This article describes the latent growth curve model with categorical variables, and illustrates applications using Mplus software that are applicable to social behavioral research. The illustrations use marital instability data from the Iowa Youth and Family Project. We close with recommendations for the specification and parameterization of growth models that use both logit and probit link functions.
Mann, war, and cyberspace: dualities of infrastructural power in America

Not long after the completion of Michael Mann’s “quadrilogy” on The Sources of Social Power (1986–2012), social scientists began to interrogate the meaning of his concepts of “despotic” and “infrastructural” power. While we know that the former is the most evident sign of danger in times of war, less well understood is the role of infrastructural power in state/civil society relations. Most important is the ambiguous relationship between the two types of power and the possibility that—especially in times of war—infrastructural power can become the vehicle for despotic ends. But infrastructural power is also reciprocal, offering firms and civil society groups channels with which to contest the state’s projects. In this article, I first explicate the different meanings that Mann gave to his concept of infrastructural power. In the second section, I turn to how the concept has been “received” in political science and historical sociology. In the third part, I argue that the main danger to American democracy in wartime lies not in its becoming a despotic state, but in the use of the state’s infrastructural channels for the exercise of despotic ends. The fourth part illustrates the complexities of infrastructural power in business/government/civil society relations in cybersecurity, which Mann—for understandable reasons—did not examine in his encompassing work.
Sub-symbolic Re-representation to Facilitate Learning Transfer

We consider the issue of knowledge (re-)representation in the context of learning transfer and present a subsymbolic approach for effecting such transfer. Given a set of data, manifold learning is used to automatically organize the data into one or more representational transformations, which are then learned with a set of neural networks. The result is a set of neural filters that can be applied to new data as re-representation operators. Encouraging preliminary empirical results elucidate the approach and demonstrate its feasibility, suggesting possible implications for the broader field of
The Bearing Capacity of Floating Ice Plates Subjected to Static or Quasi-Static Loads *

This paper contains a critical survey of the literature on the bearing capacity of floating ice plates. It consists of a discussion of general questions, a critical survey of analytical attempts to determine the bearing capacity of floating ice plates and a survey of field and laboratory tests on floating ice plates and their relation to the analytical results. It concludes with a systematic summary of the results, a discussion of observed shortcomings, and suggestions for needed investigations.
Ultrasonic Dispersion in Fluid-Coupled Composite Plates

Fiber-reinforced composite materials have excited significant interest among industries needing to fabricate structures which are both light in weight and high in stiffness. Therefore, much attention has been paid by researchers over the past decade to composite materials and their properties. One active area of endeavor has been the topic of wave propagation studies [1–8]. Several theoretical approaches have been attempted to render tractable the complicated problem of wave propagation in an anisotropic material with microstructure. Many of these theories are quite useful in their region of applicability. We have reviewed briefly this earlier work in a previous paper [9] and will not recapitulate those comments here. The specific problem with which we are now concerned centers on the role of the structure itself and the influence of its surrounding media on dispersive behavior in guided wave propagation. Since all our measurements have been conducted in a frequency regime where the sound wavelength is much larger than the fiber diameter, we adopt a continuum mixture approach to account for the combined fiber-matrix mechanical properties of the composite. A detailed description of this model is found elsewhere in these Proceedings [10].
Equine Imaging: The Framework for Applying Therapeutic Farriery

Radiographic evaluation of a horse's foot gives tremendous insight into the relationship between the structures within the foot and between the foot and distal limb. The information gained from a radiographic study is highly dependent on the quality of the radiographs. A systematic approach should be taken when planning a radiographic study of the foot. Taking the time to examine the foot and prepare it properly will avoid the need, risk, and expense of repeating images and will improve the quality and therefore the interpretation of your radiographic images. When evaluating the foot for podiatry reasons, it is crucial that the positioning of the patient, foot, and x-ray beam be flawless.
CROSS-LINGUISTIC ACQUISITION OF COMPLEMENT TENSE

This chapter discusses how young Polish children (age 3;3-6;11) interpret a past tense when embedded in the complement clause of an intensional attitude verb. Past research by Hollebrandse (1988) on English and Dutch has found a strong relationship between having an adult-like understanding of the past tense in a complement clause and having an adult-like Theory of Mind. By contrast, Matsuo & Hollebrandse (1999) did not find the same correlation in Japanese. The aim of this chapter is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between having an adult-like understanding of the past tense and having an adult Theory of Mind, by looking at another language, namely, Polish.
ACTR-67. A PHASE I STUDY OF CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF LIPOSOMAL-IRINOTECAN (ONIVYDE) USING REAL-TIME IMAGING WITH GADOLINIUM IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS: RESULTS THUS FAR

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for high grade gliomas (HGG) is limited by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Convection enhanced delivery (CED) improves chemotherapy delivery by utilizing fluid convection obviating the challenges of crossing the BBB while minimizing systemic toxicity. CED of nanoliposomal-irinotecan (Onivyde) showed to be a superior delivery route for anti-tumor activity in animal models. An advance of this trial is the development and use of real time CED, which utilizes MRI to visualize the CED process with the aid of co-convected contrast agents, monitoring delivery into the brain and affording for corrective action.
Investigating exposure of the population to crash injury using a spatiotemporal analysis: A case study in Florida

Abstract Over the years, as the roadway networks have been developing gradually to improve transportation accessibility to various facilities, the probability of traffic crash occurrences has also increased consequently. With an increasing transportation demand, the traffic safety needs to be improved in order to reduce the crash rates and the exposure of the population to crash-prone regions. This paper aims to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis to quantify the exposure of population to crash-prone locations focusing on different age groups, and to statistically analyze the decision-making process for possible improvement. For this purpose, first, the crash-prone locations for different population age groups and various time intervals of a day were identified by using a geographic information system (GIS) hotspot analysis. This was followed by an Origin-Destination (OD) analysis applied on a case study in Tampa Bay region (Florida, District 7) to calculate the roadway network-based travel times between census blocks centroids (origins) and crash hotspot locations (destinations) along the least-cost roadways. Later, the results were utilized in an exceedance probability analysis to simplify the decision-making process for improvement. The results showed that the time-based analysis provides more accurate and detailed information than the distance-based analysis. The Weighted Hotspot Exposure Measure parameter introduced for statistical analysis showed that the senior age group (over 65 years old) are more exposed to the risk of being injured in a crash compared to other age groups.
Discordant financial conflicts of interest disclosures between clinical trial conference abstract and subsequent publication.

Background Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) are known to be prevalent in medicine. Authorship of pivotal trials reap non-financial benefits including publication productivity that can be used for assessment of tenure positions and promotion. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the prevalence and discordance of academic trial author (authors) FCOI in industry-sponsored drug trials that were initially presented as oral abstracts and subsequently resulted in a peer-reviewed publication. Methods Oral abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2017 Annual Meeting that were subsequently published were identified. Studies that were non-industry sponsored, non-adult, or non-therapeutic trials were excluded. Studies that did not have a subsequent peer-reviewed publication or had a publication preceding the ASCO 2017 Annual Meeting were also excluded. FCOI was categorized and impact factor (IF) for the journal at the time of publication was retrieved. FCOI discordance between the oral abstract and publication was calculated based on geographic location and IF. Results A total of 22 paired abstract and publications met inclusion criteria for further analysis. A total of 384 authors were identified, of these 280 authors (74.1%) were included in both the oral abstract and subsequent publication. A total of 76% of these 280 authors had FCOI and 66.4% had FCOI discordance. There were statistically significant differences for the sum of FCOI discordance for U.S.-based authors (p = 0.0004) but not for journal IF. When analyzing the sum of absolute differences of FCOI discordance, statistical significance was reached for authors from any of the three geographic regions, as well as, low and high IF journals (all p-values < 0.0001). Conclusions This study draws attention to the lack of uniformity and vetting of FCOI reporting in abstracts and journals publishing solid tumor oncology trial results. This is particularly concerning, since FCOI is prevalent globally.
Criminal Law and Penal Law

Antony Duff’s "The Realm of Criminal Law" offers an appealing moral reconstruction of the criminal law. I agree that the criminal law should be understood to predicate punishment upon sufficient proof that the defendant has committed a public wrong for which she is being held to account and censured. But the criminal law is not only about censoring people for public wrongs; it must serve other purposes as well, such as preventing people from committing serious crimes and more generally from violating reasonable regulations. These purposes, and perhaps retributive justice, require the criminal law also to mete out harsh treatment, but only insofar as such treatments are proportional to the culpable wrong committed. The problem for the criminal law is that many mala prohibita crimes consist of a minor wrong but also call for a relatively severe punishment. To accommodate that mismatch, it is necessary to complement the criminal law, as Duff conceives of it, with penal law. Penal law relies on forfeiture to explain why hard treatment is permissible. The forfeiture must be fair, and it comes with its own proportionality limits. But those limits are not as strict as the limits implicit in the criminal law. It allows penalties that are harsher than the punishments that could justifiably be meted out for many mala prohibita offenses. One and the same act can count as a crime and a penal infraction, and one and the same criminal justice system can and should handle both crimes and the penal infractions. It is, I think, only in that way that we can accommodate both the need to prevent wrongdoing and the distinct importance of holding people accountable for the commission of public wrongs.
Triangular Relationships in Field Education

ABSTRACT The use of “dual supervision” is unique to social work education. Instead of one primary supervisory relationship between the student and field instructor, social work education involves three relationships: student-field instructor, student-faculty liaison, and faculty liaison-field instructor. By applying Murray Bowen's work in the development of family triangles to the field work triad, this paper explores the dangers in the development of triangular relationships between members of the field triad. Faculty liaisons are encouraged to take responsibility in preventing the formation of such triangles by (1) helping field education programs identify clear role expectations for the faculty liaison, (2) avoiding long-term assignment to the same field agencies, (3) better training for the faculty liaison role, and (4) training for students in appropriate use of the supervision.
A Literature Review of Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques for Otalgia

Otalgia is a common painful condition of the ear that can stem from multiple etiologies, including, but not limited to infectious, mechanical or inflammatory conditions. The intricate anatomy of the ear and eustachian tube offer numerous avenues for pathophysiology to manifest. While the precise mechanism of otalgia has not been entirely elucidated, it is widely accepted that pressure is one common denominator. A potential source of pressure variations within the middle ear relies on pathology of the eustachian tube, making it a target for treatment with Osteopathic manipulative techniques (OMT). OMT offers mechanical solutions to mechanical problems within this complex anatomic system. With this literature review we have three goals: first, to provide an in-depth review of the existing Osteopathic manipulative techniques to treat otalgia; second, to present a case report of a novel Osteopathic manipulative technique for otalgia; and lastly, to encourage further data driven research for the use of OMT for otalgia.
Maintenance of Relationship and Individual Functioning Gains Following Online Relationship Programs for Low-Income Couples

Initial evidence suggests that gains in relationship functioning from brief, web-based programs are maintained through one year following the intervention; however, whether these results generalize to a low-income sample is unclear. Furthermore, previous research from in-person couple therapy suggests there may be different shapes of maintenance slopes for behavioral versus acceptance-based techniques. This study contacted 668 individuals who enrolled in online behavioral (ePREP) or acceptance-based (OurRelationship) programs one year following completion of the program. Multilevel modeling was used to examine linear and quadratic rates of change in the year following the online intervention as well as total amount of change from pretreatment to 12-month follow-up for both relationship and individual functioning. The majority of couples who responded continued to be in a relationship with the same partner (68.3%). Examinations of relationship functioning indicated couples in both programs maintained their gains over follow-up (i.e., no significant linear or quadratic changes), with medium-to-large within-group effect sizes from pre- to one-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in relationship outcomes between OurRelationship and ePREP. Similarly, examinations of individual functioning outcomes indicated couples maintained their gains over follow-up or continued to improve. In total, couples experienced small-to-medium within-group effect sizes from pretreatment to one-year follow-up, with larger effects for individuals who were initially distressed. These results suggest that online programs create lasting change for low-income couples in relationship and individual functioning, with minimal differences between behavioral and acceptance-based orientations.
Chapter 12 – Control on Sales of Medicines

Publisher Summary The underlying principle of MA1968 control on the retail sales of medicines is that they should normally be supplied through pharmacies. There are three main exceptions to that. First, certain medicines are designated by Statutory Instruments as those that may be sold to the public by an ordinary shop. Secondly, medicines may be sold by a hospital or health center even where there is no pharmacy if the products are sold or supplied in the course of the business of the hospital or health center and are for the purpose of being administered in accordance with the directions of a doctor or dentist. Thirdly, Patient Group Directions may empower certain health professionals to supply medicines to the public in accordance with protocols. This supply may take place anywhere. The general sale list is a list of medicines that can be sold, with reasonable safety, without the supervision of a pharmacist. The sales have to take place from proper shops, that is, the shops that can be closed to exclude the public. This prohibits sales being made from vans or other vehicles, or from open market stalls. There is a separate list of products that may be sold from automatic vending machines.
Male Sex and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: The Mediating Effect of Birth Defects.

Background There is a persistent, unexplained disparity in sex ratio among childhood cancer cases, whereby males are more likely to develop most cancers. This male predominance is also seen for most birth defects, which are strongly associated with risk of childhood cancer. We conducted mediation analysis to estimate whether the increased risk of cancer among males is partially explained by birth defect status. Methods We used a population-based birth cohort with linked data from birth certificates, birth defects registries, and cancer registries from Arkansas, Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas. We conducted counterfactual mediation analysis to estimate the natural direct and indirect effects of sex on cancer risk, modeling birth defect status as mediator. State; birth year; plurality; and maternal race and ethnicity, age, and education were considered confounders. We conducted separate analyses limited to cancers diagnosed younger than 1 year of age. Results Our dataset included 10 181 074 children: 15 110 diagnosed with cancer, 539 567 diagnosed with birth defects, and 2124 co-occurring cases. Birth defect status mediated 38% of the association between sex and cancer overall. The proportion mediated varied by cancer type, including acute myeloid leukemia (93%), neuroblastoma (35%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6%). Among children younger than 1 year of age at cancer diagnosis, the proportion mediated was substantially higher (82%). Conclusions Our results suggest that birth defects mediate a statistically significant proportion of the relationship between sex and childhood cancer. The proportion mediated varied by cancer type and diagnosis age. These findings improve our understanding of the causal pathway underlying male sex as a risk factor for childhood cancer.
On Charles Stein’s contributions to (in)admissibility

Charles Stein made fundamental contributions to admissibility and inadmissibility in estimation and testing. This paper surveys some of the more important ones. Particular attention will be paid to his monumentally important, and at the time, incredibly surprising discovery of the inadmissibility of the usual estimator of the mean in three and higher dimensions. His result on admissibility of Pitman’s estimator of a mean in one and two dimensions, and his results on estimation of a mean matrix and a covariance matrix are also discussed. His work on testing is briefly covered.
Addressing Gender Discrimination in the NBA with a “Hammon” Rule

The purpose of this conceptual study was to examine how the National Basketball Association (NBA) should address gender discrimination in sports by implementing the “Hammon” Rule for head coaching and general manager hiring processes. Drawing from societal perceptions (Sagas & Cunningham, 2004; Schaeperkoetter et al., 2017), leadership (Burton, 2015) and the infusion of the Ecological-Intersectional Model (EIM) (LaVoi, 2016) as conceptual focal points, this article asserts that the NBA has important opportunities to lead other professional sports leagues to aid in its recruitment and retention of women in front-facing leadership roles. Utilizing Lapchick’s (2020a) report on race and gender for the NBA, this study calls for progressive action. As the current literature documents, legal and cultural factors, as well as leadership and lack of advocacy, all play a crucial role in how women are perceived within sport. This study provides a multi-faceted approach to addressing gender discrimination at the coaching and general manager levels, including accountability measures necessary for structural and organizational change to address gender discrimination in the NBA and beyond.
Preconditioning, Control, and Static

We have, until this point, concentrated on the clean part of our facility, namely, the cleanroom itself. However, our cleanroom system extends beyond the walls of the clean production or research area. Since we are attempting to create a controlled environment, we have to apply control to other parameters, such as temperature and humidity, and provide the necessary drive for the air to get it through our HEPA filters and into the room.
Educational Psychology: Contemporary Perspectives

Educational psychology focuses the application of psychology to the understanding of learners and learning environments. This chapter illustrates how the field of educational psychology represents an important area of psychological research, theory, and practice. Five major areas of contemporary research and practice in educational psychology are described and include: cognitive and regulatory contributions to learning, development and instruction; sociocultural, instruction and relational processes; early education and curriculum applications; psychology in the schools; and educational program, research, and policy. Individually, each describes a rich domain of research, and almost universally, a burgeoning of new research paradigms, perspectives, theories, and major conceptualizations that have emerged over the past 20 years. Although the scope of educational psychology as a field of psychology is quite broad, there are numerous communalities that can be seen across the varied domains. These communalities suggest a connectedness that supports educational psychology as a rich and vital field of scientific inquiry. The influence and impact of research in educational psychology on society is best recognized by applications to the education and training of teachers and the development of procedures to enhance classroom instruction and learning, how we motivate learners, and the integration of new technology into the classroom and beyond. These and other applications in educational psychology are buttressed by an empirical rigor of research methods in the design of both basic and applied experiments and field-based investigations. Researchers in educational psychology address major issues related to the education of learners in regular and special education contexts. The field of educational psychology has played a major role in informing policy and educational reform. It is our expectation that this importance will continue and grow in the 21st century. Keywords: educational psychology; classrooms; learning; educational research
SPICE-based mixed-mode S-parameter calculations for four port circuits

Mixed-mode S-parameters give strong insight in the design and characterization of 4-port differential RF/microwave circuits. A new method of extracting the mixed-mode S-parameters for electronic circuits designed with SPICE or SPECTRE is presented. A 5GHz CMOS power amplifier example shows good simulation agreement between SPICE results and the results of a microwave simulator.
Challenges of implementing the Rape Amendment Act in post-conflict Liberia

abstract On 29 December 2005, the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) passed the Act to Amend the New Penal Code Chapter 14 Sections 14.70 and 14.71 and to Provide for Gang Rape (RAA). The law is designed to protect individuals from the type of systematic rape that took place during and after the Liberian civil war. The legislature approved the RAA and the president supported it, but it is difficult to implement in court. The current, post-conflict judicial system cannot handle its caseload, so rape victims have little recourse other than the customary law system. Liberians rely on customary law because it is established and understood. While rebuilding the formal system, the government and non-governmental organisations need to explain the RAA and criminal procedure to the population. This profile discusses the creation and implementation of rape law in post-conflict Liberia and explains some of the difficulties of prosecuting rape cases.
Modulation of bile secretion by hepatic low-density lipoprotein uptake and by chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in the hamster

The effects of both apolipoprotein B,E receptor-dependent and receptor-independent uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the liver on bile secretion were studied in bile fistula hamsters. Three groups of animals were studied after 4 wk of feeding either a control, chenodeoxycholic acid-, or ursodeoxycholic acid-containing diet. The hepatic receptor-dependent and receptor-independent uptake of LDL was related to both bile flow and biliary lipid secretion. The correlation with bile flow and biliary lipid secretion was positive for the receptor-dependent, but negative for the receptor-independent uptake of LDL. Although the receptor-mediated LDL uptake appeared to exert a strong influence on bile acid-independent bile flow, the receptor-independent uptake showed a significant relation with biliary bile acid excretion. Differences between the two mechanisms of LDL uptake were also evident in the biliary bile acid-cholesterol coupling, which was significantly stronger during receptor-independent than during receptor-dependent uptake of LDL. The effects of LDL uptake on bile secretion were modulated by the experimentally induced changes in both the content and composition of bile acids in the enterohepatic circulation.
A Review of What's Wrong with Children's Rights: Still a "Slogan in Search of a Definition"

The negative side of government intervention on behalf of children is a primary focus of New York University Law Professor Martin Guggenheim's book 'What's Wrong with Children's Rights'. In this interesting book, Professor Guggenheim is always instructive and often provocative. As a consequence, he has written a book worth reading. This book review essay will begin by offering an overall assessment of the book. It will then analyze two separate components of Guggenheim's book. First, it will evaluate Guggenheim's assertion that, absent a demonstration of parental unfitness, parental decision-making regarding their children is "virtually immune from state oversight." Second, this review will explore Guggenheim's critical view of children's advocates and the role they play in securing rights for children.
Keeping Soviet Russia in the Czech Diaspora

The Hospodař was a twice-monthly magazine for Czech farmers in America, launched in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1891. In the 1920s it became more international as the United States shut out immigrants from Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union became a leading subject in its editorials, columns and especially the hundreds of reader letters published every year. Transnational families were a window into the Czech communities in Volhynia and Crimea. Social Democrats, Communists and others argued about the Soviet Union’s merits as a workers’ and peasants’ state. Agronomist Stanislav Kovař became a regular columnist in Vologda and then Novorossiisk on the NEP and then collectivization in Soviet agriculture. Tolerant, largely written by readers, without political or religious affiliation, and international, the Hospodař was a productive forum for experience, imagination and discourse in the international Czech diaspora on the early Soviet Union.
Vesicular monoamine transporter protein expression correlates with clinical features, tumor biology, and MIBG avidity in neuroblastoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group

Vesicular monoamine transporters 1 and 2 (VMAT1 and VMAT2) are thought to mediate MIBG uptake in adult neuroendocrine tumors. In neuroblastoma, the norepinephrine transporter (NET) has been investigated as the principal MIBG uptake protein, though some tumors without NET expression concentrate MIBG. We investigated VMAT expression in neuroblastoma and correlated expression with MIBG uptake and clinical features. We evaluated VMAT1 and VMAT2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in neuroblastoma tumors from 76 patients with high-risk metastatic disease treated in a uniform cooperative group trial (COG A3973). All patients had baseline MIBG diagnostic scans centrally reviewed. IHC results were scored as the product of intensity grading (0 – 3+) and percent of tumor cells expressing the protein of interest. The association between VMAT1 and VMAT2 scores and clinical and biological features was tested using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Patient characteristics were typical of high-risk neuroblastoma, though the cohort was intentionally enriched in patients with MIBG-nonavid tumors (n = 20). VMAT1 and VMAT2 were expressed in 62 % and 75 % of neuroblastoma tumors, respectively. VMAT1 and VMAT2 scores were both significantly lower in MYCN amplified tumors and in tumors with high mitotic karyorrhectic index. MIBG-avid tumors had significantly higher VMAT2 scores than MIBG-nonavid tumors (median 216 vs. 45; p = 0.04). VMAT1 expression did not correlate with MIBG avidity. VMAT1 and VMAT2 are expressed in the majority of neuroblastomas. Expression correlates with other biological features. The expression level of VMAT2 but not that of VMAT1 correlates with avidity for MIBG.
Learning your life: wearables and familiars

The wearable platform is an important perspective from which to collect developmental data. This gives a developmental agent the ability to experience many rich aspects of human behavior, locomotion, interaction, and social structure without knowing how to actively participate in these activities. In the I Sensed project, we combine natural sensor modalities (camera, microphone, gyros) in a wearable framework to build a first prototype of such an agent. We have also taken the next step to build robust statistical models with a massive data collection experiment: 100 days of full surround video, audio, and orientation, amounting to over 500 Gigabytes of data. The first challenge with this data is the discovery and prediction of daily patterns-can we automatically infer the typical paths through someone's day and their daily activities, predicting what they will do next and detecting anomalies. Armed with this kind of omnivideo sensor data, we can also apply our learning work tools to conversational scene analysis to help the agent develop a rudimentary understanding of social interactions. This work is aimed towards understanding the structure of face-to-face conversations.