cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Keplerian squeezed states and Rydberg wave packets.

We construct minimum-uncertainty solutions of the three-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a Coulomb potential. These wave packets are localized in radial and angular coordinates and are squeezed states in three dimensions. They move on elliptical Keplerian trajectories and are appropriate for the description of the corresponding Rydberg wave packets, the production of which is the focus of current experimental effort. We extend our analysis to incorporate the effects of quantum defects in alkali-metal atoms, which are used in experiments. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Estimation of Singular Covariance Matrices of Random Effects

Abstract The variance-covariance matrix of random effects in a mixed linear model can be singular because identical twins are used or because a base population has been selected. As a consequence, the usual mixed model equations cannot be used for estimation and prediction. This paper presents a modification of these equations, the solution to which yields best linear unbiased estimators of fixed effects and best linear unbiased predictors of random effects. General formulae are presented for estimation of variances and covariances by minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation and by restricted maximum likelihood estimation when the variance-covariance matrix of random effects is singular. These methods are illustrated by a numerical example in which identical twins have made one record each.
Electric field induced second harmonic generation in germanium doped silica planar waveguides

Instantaneous frequency doubling is demonstrated in germania doped silica planar waveguides deposited on fused silica substrates by quasi-phasematching with an externally applied, periodic DC field. The DC field periodicity which causes frequency doubling corresponds to the beat length between the fundamental and second harmonic light propagating in the waveguide.
Optimum matching forests I: Special weights

We introduce the concept of matching forests as a generalization of branchings in a directed graph and matchings in an undirected graph. Given special weights on the edges of a mixed graph, we present an efficient algorithm for finding an optimum weight-sum matching forest. The algorithm is a careful application of known branching and matching algorithms. The maximum cardinality matching forest problem is solved as a special case.
Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas

Abstract In the Hugoton Embayment of southwestern Kansas, St. Louis Limestone reservoirs have relatively low recovery efficiencies, attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the oolitic deposits. This study establishes quantitative relationships between digital well logs and core description data, and applies these relationships in a probabilistic sense to predict lithofacies in 90 uncored wells across the Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields. In 10 wells, a single hidden-layer neural network based on digital well logs and core described lithofacies of the limestone depositional texture was used to train and establish a non-linear relationship between lithofacies assignments from detailed core descriptions and selected log curves. Neural network models were optimized by selecting six predictor variables and automated cross-validation with neural network parameters and then used to predict lithofacies on the whole data set of the 2023 half-foot intervals from the 10 cored wells with the selected network size of 35 and a damping parameter of 0.01. Predicted lithofacies results compared to actual lithofacies displays absolute accuracies of 70.37–90.82%. Incorporating adjoining lithofacies, within-one lithofacies improves accuracy slightly (93.72%). Digital logs from uncored wells were batch processed to predict lithofacies and probabilities related to each lithofacies at half-foot resolution corresponding to log units. The results were used to construct interpolated cross-sections and useful depositional patterns of St. Louis lithofacies were illustrated, e.g., the concentration of oolitic deposits (including lithofacies 5 and 6) along local highs and the relative dominance of quartz-rich carbonate grainstone (lithofacies 1) in the zones A and B of the St. Louis Limestone. Neural network techniques are applicable to other complex reservoirs, in which facies geometry and distribution are the key factors controlling heterogeneity and distribution of rock properties. Future work involves extension of the neural network to predict reservoir properties, and construction of three-dimensional geo-models.
Perspectives: A connection between varieties of quasigroups and graph decompositions

In this paper we define an infinite family of varieties of algebraic quasigroups, where for m>=3 the variety V"m satisfies a particular set of defining identities I"m. It is shown that the finite members of V"m are precisely the quasigroups that can be obtained via a standard construction from certain decompositions of a complete graph into closed trails of lengths that each divide m. The result is presented from a graph theoretical perspective.
INSECT HERBIVORE ABUNDANCE IN TROPICAL MONOCULTURES AND POLYCULTURES: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF TWO HYPOTHESES'

The population dynamics of six beetle pests (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) were studied for three seasons in monocultures and polycultures of the corn—bean—squash agroecosystem in Costa Rica. The study was designed to determine if beetle abundance differed among these treatments, and if so, to determine whether the differences were caused primarily by predators and parasites (Enemies Hypothesis) or by movement patterns of adult beetles (Resource Concentration Hypothesis). In polycultures containing at least one nonhost plant, the numbers of beetles per unit host plant (squash or bean) were significantly lower relative to the numbers of beetles on host plants in monocultures. This pattern was generally observed for each of the beetle species studied between 40 and 60 d after planting and continued until the end of the season. When a given beetle species fed on both crop species in a diculture (i.e., the squash—bean diculture), the general polyculture effect was reversed: beetle numbers were significantly greater on one or both of the host plants in the diculture relative to the respective monocultures. These effects were apparently caused by changes in species richness of the plots per se rather than changes in host density or total plant density in the plot. There were no differences in rates of parasitism or predation of beetles between monocultures and polycultures. Neither were there significant differences in beetle emergence between treatments that could account for differences in adult beetle numbers between monocultures and polycultures. Instead, several lines of evidence show that different movement patterns of adult beetles were primarily responsible for the observed pattern of beetle abundance and distribution. Direct measurements of beetle movements in the field showed that beetles tended to emigrate more from polycultures that included a nonhost plant than from host monocultures. Field observations and experiments showed that this was due to several factors: (1) beetles avoided host plants shaded by corn; (2) cornstalks interfered in some way with flight movements of beetles; (3) as beetles moved through polycultures they remained on nonhost plants significantly less time than on host plants and their overall rate of movement in polycultures was higher. These data suggest that the Resource Concentration Hypothesis rather than the Enemies Hypothesis can account for differences in beetle abundance between monocultures and polycultures. The implication of this finding for predicting herbivore abundance in yet untried agreocosystems are discussed. It is suggested that it is not sufficient merely to recognize that herbivores are less common in particular polycultures. Practical issues of agroecosystem design and more theoretical questions of plant—herbivore coevolution depend on knowing exactly what ecological processes create reduced herbivore loads in polycultures.
Suppressor T-cell factor(s) display an altered pattern of Igh (immunoglobulin heavy chain locus) genetic restriction when developed in an Igh-congeneic host.

Abstract Suppressor T-cell factor(s) (TsF1) inhibit the in vivo priming of azobenzenearsonate-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. The activity of TsF1 is restricted by genes linked to Igh-1 allotypic markers. TsF1 obtained from B6.Igh-1n mice was unable to suppress the immune response in B6.Igh-1b mice and vice versa. However, TsF1 prepared from B6.Igh-1n T cells "parked" in an Igh-congeneic B6.Igh-1b environment displays an additional restriction specificity of the host. Thus, TsF1 prepared from these Igh-chimeric mice suppressed immune responses in both B6.Igh-1n (donor) and B6.Igh-1b (recipient) mice but not in mice of the unrelated strain BALB/c.Igh-1a. The results indicate that the establishment of the suppressor T-cell repertoire is dependent not only upon the genetic background of the individual T cell but also upon the influence of Igh-linked determinants present when T-cell clones are selected during the response.
Use of Acid and Base Titrations to Evaluate the Buffering Capacity of Ruminant Feedstuffs In Vitro

The titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity were measured in vitro in 52 feeds commonly included in ruminant diets. Titrations were performed by addition of acid or base to .5 g dry matter suspended in 50 ml distilled deionized water (stirred continuously) until pH was decreased to 4 or increased to 9, respectively. Milliequivalents of acid or base versus pH were plotted for titration curves. Slopes of the curves differed for feeds within types and among types (energy, low protein, high protein, forage, fermented, mineral additive). Mineral content of organic feeds and maturity of forages influenced the total amount of acid or base titrated at various pH.
Reconfigurable computing using content addressable memory for improved performance and resource usage

Conventional FPGA architectures leverage on the spatial computing model where the design to be realized is represented in the form of multi-input single-output lookup tables (LUTs). However, such a model incorporates a reconfigurable interconnect network which leads to significant design overhead and poor scalability with process technology. In this paper, we propose a multi-cycle Memory Based Computational methodology that utilizes content addressable memory (CAM) as the underlying reconfigurable fabric. The use of CAM in the proposed framework leads to significant reduction in memory requirement compared to LUT-based approach. Simulation results for standard benchmark circuits indicate that the proposed CAM based implementation improves the memory requirement significantly compared to its LUT counterpart, at the cost of little or no degradation in performance.
Synthesis of tyrosine derivatives for saframycin MX1 biosynthetic studies

Abstract Saframycin MX1 and structural relatives are natural anticancer agents isolated from bacteria and marine invertebrates. For biosynthetic studies and to make a library of modified natural products, a series of tyrosine derivatives were synthesized in a concise manner.
EOS imaging of the human pelvis: reliability, validity, and controlled comparison with radiography.

Background: The EOS technique represents a unique imaging modality combining low radiation exposure with high image quality. As its applications for pelvic imaging may increase with time, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the validity and reliability of this technique for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology. Methods: Consecutive conventional and EOS radiographs of a human cadaveric pelvis were made in 5° intervals of sagittal tilt and axial rotation (range, −15° to 15° for each). Six measurements were made on each image: (1) the vertical distance between the sacrococcygeal joint and the upper border of the pubic symphysis, (2) the horizontal distance between the midpoints of these structures, (3) the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines, (4) the distance between the facets of S1, (5) the Sharp angle, and (6) the Tonnis angle. Coxa profunda and crossover signs were also evaluated. The findings of the two imaging techniques were correlated with each other and with true linear measurements made on the cadaveric pelvis. All measurements were performed by two independent observers, and one observer repeated all measurements to assess reproducibility. Both observers were blinded to the true linear measurements made on the pelvis. Results: There was a strong correlation between the results of the conventional and EOS radiography (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.644 to 0.998), and both modalities had high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.795 to 1.000). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement on the presence of coxa profunda were both 100%. Intraobserver agreement (96.2%) and interobserver agreement (92.3%) on the presence of the crossover sign were marginally lower. Linear measurements differed significantly between the two modalities because of distortion caused by magnification effects in the conventional radiographic imaging (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The EOS imaging technique proved reliable for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology, and it may be an alternative to current radiography for primary imaging in the pediatric population and potentially in adults as well. This study did not evaluate the ability of EOS imaging to detect subtle radiographic anatomic abnormalities.
Critique of: “Ranking Procedures and Subjective Probability Distributions”

Lee Smith's paper Smith, L. H. 1967. Ranking procedures and subjective probability distributions. Management Sci.14 4, December B-236--B-249. is interesting as much for the questions he raises as for the answer he proposes. Those of us who have tried to elicit subjective probability distributions in the context of corporate systems can sympathize with his position that no “objective” way has yet been proposed. It is no wonder that the procedures which he cites as precursors to his proposal are ad hoc and, shall we say, “flexible.” The main issue, however, is whether the procedure advocated in his paper overcomes the limitations of previous devices. Related questions concern: a the compatability of probabilistic thinking with the culture of line management; and b the accuracy of the elicited judgments, using the “best” of methods.
N-Acyldihydropyridones as synthetic intermediates. A short synthesis of (±)-pumiliotoxin C

Abstract A stereocontrolled synthesis of (±)-pumiliotoxin C was achieved from 4-methoxypyridine in seven steps.
Microepidemiology of mumps virus infection in HeLa cell monolayers.

SummaryCell-to-cell spread of mumps virus infection to form plaques in HeLa cell monolayers was studied in the presence and absence of mumps virus hyperimmune antiserum in the overlay medium. Using two techniques of plaque detection, viral spread was found to be inhibited by the antiserum. When the antiserum was removed after 3–5 days, plaque formation resumed, but after 7 days of treatment very few plaques developed, indicating limited persistence of mumps virus in HeLa cells in the presence of external neutralizing antibody.
The effect of phobic anxiety on plasma β-endorphin: a single-subject experiment

Abstract In a single- S experiment, phobic anxiety was observed to produce a substantial elevation in the patient's plasma β-endorphin level, a response which quickly returned to normative parameters upon the cessation of anxiety. This finding supports the hypothesis that one possible mechanism for the efficacy of prolonged exposure therapy to feared stimuli in the treatment of phobias is in the homeostatic endorphinergic response to stress.
β-Amyloid and Neprilysin Computational Studies Identify Critical Residues Implicated in Binding Specificity

The zinc metalloprotease neprilysin (NEP) promiscuously degrades small bioactive peptides. NEP is among a select group of metalloenzymes that degrade the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in vivo and in situ. Since accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ aggregates in the brain appears to be a causative agent in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased clearance of Aβ resulting from overexpression of NEP exhibits therapeutic potential for AD. However, higher NEP peptidase activity may be harmful without an increased specificity for Aβ over other competing substrates. Crystal structures of NEP–inhibitor complexes and their characterization have highlighted potential amino acid interactions involved in substrate binding and are used as templates to guide our methodology in docking Aβ in NEP. Results from protein–ligand docking calculations predict S2′ subsite residues Arg 102 and Arg 110 of NEP participate in specific interactions with Aβ. These interactions provide insight into developing NEP specificity f...
Family, kin, and friend networks in psychiatric help-seeking

Abstract Data regarding the help-seeking efforts in the community of 120 patients at a community mental health center are used to examine the following processes: (1) the role of different types of nuclear family structures in the response to mental disorder; (2) the relationship of family interaction patterns to the extent and type of help-seeking from kinship and friendship networks; and (3) the different types of assistance provided by different sectors of the social network to individuals with psychiatric problems. The major findings are that: (1) the type of husband-wife relationship is significantly related to help-seeking efforts; (2) friends and close kin are the most common sources of assistance; and (3) kin and friends provide certain specialized forms of assistance to help-seekers. Some speculative implications of these findings for the study of social networks are also discussed.
On measuring the covariance matrix of the non-linear power spectrum from simulations

We show how to estimate the covariance of the power spectrum of a statistically homogeneous and isotropic density field from a single periodic simulation, by applying a set of weightings to the density field, and by measuring the scatter in power spectra between different weightings. We recommend a specific set of 52 weightings containing only combinations of fundamental modes, constructed to yield a minimum variance estimate of the covariance of power. Numerical tests reveal that at non-linear scales the variance of power estimated by the weightings method substantially exceeds that estimated from a simple ensemble method. We argue that the discrepancy is caused by beat-coupling, in which products of closely spaced Fourier modes couple by non-linear gravitational growth to the beat mode between them. Beat-coupling appears whenever non-linear power is measured from Fourier modes with a finite spread of wavevector, and is therefore present in the weightings method but not in the ensemble method. Beat-coupling inevitably affects real galaxy surveys, whose Fourier modes have finite width. Surprisingly, the beat-coupling contribution dominates the covariance of power at non-linear scales, so that, counter-intuitively, it is expected that the covariance of non-linear power in galaxy surveys is dominated not by small-scale structure, but rather by beat-coupling to the largest scales of the survey.
Dual phosphorescence from rigid glass solutions of phenyl alkyl ketones

Abstract The study of solvent and substituent effects on the dual phosphorescence of propiophenone and butyrophenone suggests that the prerequisites for the observation of dual emission are the proximity of the lowest energy nπ* and ππ* triplet states and high viscosity of the glassy solvents. A model, which combines the pseudo Jahn—Teller distortion of the lowest triplet state and the viscosity-dependent matrix potential which opposes this conformational change, is proposed to rationalize these and other emission characteristics in phenyl alkyl ketones.
Ultrastructure of baboon parotid gland

The parotid gland of the olive baboon, Papio anubis, was examined by electron microscopy. The acini are all serous in nature, and consist of pyramidal cells with abundant secretory granules of varying size. These granules consist of a dense matrix in which a denser spherule or lenticular body is present. Granules linked by a short isthmus are observed in the apical cytoplasm, and granules in the process of discharging their contents to the acinar lumen may be connected to the luminal plasma membrane by a neck-like protrusion. Intercalated duct cells contain granules reminiscent of those found in the rat submandibular acinar cells. The striated ducts consist of tall cells interlocked in a complex fashion near their bases, with numerous vertically-oriented mitochondria lodged in their basal crenulations. Small vesicles whose contents vary in density are present in the apical cytoplasm as are large deposits of lipofuscin. The striated duct cells display a proclivity for ballooning into the duct lumen. Excretory ducts consist of simple to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and lack basal striations or apical blebs.
A new technique for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of adhesive joints: Part I. Theory

In this paper we proposed a new technique for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (UNDE) of adhesively bonded joints. We report an exact solution to the problem of reflection and tarnsmission of a plane, time-harmonic, longitudinal wave through anN-layered medium. The solution is valid for perfectly elastic as well as linear-viscoelastic materials, and for isotropic as well as anisotropic materials (for example, fiber-reinforced composite) so long as the wavepropagation vector coincids with one of the material coordinates. The transfer function,H *(ω) is defined as the trans-mitted (or reflected) field normalized with respect to the incident field. A closed-form solution forH *(ω) for the case of an adhesive joint (consisting of two adherends joined by an adhesive layer) immersed in an elastic fluid is derived. A detailed analysis of the sensitivity ofH *(ω) to the wave speed and thickness of the adherends and the adhesive is carried out. An experimental verification of the analysis is the subject of Part II of this paper.
Transition to History in the Pueblo Southwest

F OR most of the past four hundred years, since the coming of the first Spaniards, the major single factor in the cultural history of the native Southwest, particularly of the Pueblos, has been that of adjustment or accommodation to overriding European cultures. The four hundred years, approximately, before the arrival of the Europeans were a period not only of cultural climax in many areas but also of stress and strain, of population shifts, some of which certainly came about under pressure, and of withdrawal from entire districts. For at least a large part of the late prehistoric period, and throughout most of the historic period, a major factor in Pueblo development has been the presence in and near the Southwest of "enemy peoples"-nonsedentary food-collecting tribes, hunters and raiders, of Shoshonean and Athabascan stocks.
The Politics of Comparison: Connecting Cultures Outside of and in Spite of the West

Wilhelm Halbfass, in his landmark study India and Europe (1988), explores the history of intellectual encounters between India and Europe from classical antiquity to the twentieth century. He concludes his study with a discussion of the "global predicament of Westernization" in the contemporary period, reflecting more specifically on the problems that the so-called "Europeanization of the earth" presents for both European and Indian partners in the "dialogue."
Lagrangian flow at the foot of a shelfbreak front using a dye tracer injected into the bottom boundary layer

Convergent flow at the foot of the shelfbreak front in the Middle Atlantic Bight has been detected using a dye tracer, Rhodamine-WT, injected into the bottom boundary layer. The observations substantiate model simulations by Chapman and Lentz (1994) of convergent flow in the vicinity of the front which would be very difficult if not impossible to detect with conventional moored current measurements. By following the dispersal of the dye patch over a 4 day period Lagrangian velocities of the order of 0.015 m/s with respect to the front were resolved even as the frontal boundary was displaced ∼12 km onshore. The water-following properties of the dye tracer provides a useful technique for studying the small-scale circulation and mixing at the frontal boundary.
Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed outpatients

Forty-one unipolar depressed outpatients were randomly assigned to individual treatment with either cognitive therapy (N =19)or imipramine (N =22).As a group, the patients had been intermittently or chronically depressed with a mean period of 8.8 years since the onset of their first episode of depression, and 75%were suicidal. For the cognitive therapy patients, the treatment protocol specified a maximum of 20 interviews over a period of 12 weeks. The pharmacotherapy patients received up to 250 mg/day of imipramine for a maximum of 12 weeks. Patients who completed cognitive therapy averaged 10.90 weeks in treatment; those in pharmacotherapy averaged 10.86 weeks. Both treatment groups showed statistically significant decreases in depressive symptomatology. Cognitive therapy resulted in significantly greater improvement than did pharmacotherapy on both a self-administered measure of depression (Beck Depression Inventory)and clinical ratings (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Raskin Scale).Moreover, 78.9%of the patients in cognitive therapy showed marked improvement or complete remission of symptoms as compared to 22.7%of the pharmacotherapy patients. In addition, both treatment groups showed substantial decrease in anxiety ratings. The dropout rate was significantly higher with pharmacotherapy (8 Ss)than with cognitive therapy (1 S).Even when these dropouts were excluded from data analysis, the cognitive therapy patients showed a significantly greater improvement than the pharmacotherapy patients. Follow-up contacts at three and six months indicate that treatment gains evident at termination were maintained over time. Moreover, while 68%of the pharmacotherapy group re-entered treatment for depression, only 16%of the psychotherapy patients did so.
Macroenvironmental Regulation of Hair Cycling and Collective Regenerative Behavior

The hair follicle (HF) regeneration paradigm provides a unique opportunity for studying the collective behavior of stem cells in living animals. Activation of HF stem cells depends on the core inhibitory BMP and activating WNT signals operating within the HF microenvironment. Additionally, HFs receive multilayered signaling inputs from the extrafollicular macroenvironment, which includes dermis, adipocytes, neighboring HFs, hormones, and external stimuli. These activators/inhibitors are integrated across multiple stem-cell niches to produce dynamic hair growth patterns. Because of their pigmentation, these patterns can be easily studied on live shaved animals. Comparing to autonomous regeneration of one HF, populations of HFs display coupled decision making, allowing for more robust and adaptable regenerative behavior to occur collectively. The generic cellular automata model used to simulate coordinated HF cycling here can be extended to study population-level behavior of other complex biological systems made of cycling elements.
Letter by Smith et al Regarding Article, “Does Black Ethnicity Influence the Development of Stent Thrombosis in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era?”

To the Editor: Collins et al1 have recently provided valuable insights into the potential relationship between ethnicity and drug-eluting stent (DES) thrombosis. The observation that black patients had higher rates of early and late DES thrombosis than non-black patients mirrors other reports demonstrating ethnic disparities in cardiovascular diseases.1,2 However, several questions remain, including (1) to what extent is black ethnicity independently a risk factor for DES thrombosis, (2) through what causal mechanism, and (3) how should this impact clinical practice? Collins et al1 contend that black ethnicity was an independent predictor of both early and late stent thrombosis, but there are several sources of potential bias in this retrospective …
Improving fiber-optic laser beam delivery by incorporating GRADIUM optics

The performance of a fiber-optic laser beam delivery system strongly depends on the fiber and the optics used to image the fiber face on the workpiece. We have compared off-the-shelf homogenous (BK7) and GRADIUM (axial-gradient) singlets to determine what improvement the GRADIUM offers in practice to the typical laser user. The realized benefit for this application, although significant, is much smaller than would be realized by a conventional imaging application. The figure of merit for laser-based materials processing is the 86% energy-enclosure radius, which is not directly supported by commercial ray-tracing software. Therefore empirical rules of thumb are presented to understand when GRADIUM (or any other well-corrected optics) will yield meaningful improvements to the beam delivery system.
CONTROL OF THE SYNTHESIS OF A MAJOR POLYPEPTIDE OF CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANES IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI

The regulation of the synthesis of one of the major polypeptides of chloroplast membranes in Chlamydomonas reinhardi y-1 has been studied in order to determine what factors are involved in the control mechanism. The polypeptide is synthesized in the cytoplasm and previously was designated as c (J. K Hoober. 1972. J. Cell Biol. 52:84). Under normal conditions the synthesis of polypeptide c appears to be coupled to the synthesis of chlorophyll. When greening cells are illuminated through a light filter opaque below 675 mµ, the conversion of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide is blocked. Although this elimination of light below 675 mµ, does not affect, in the main, protein synthesis in the chloroplast and cytoplasm, synthesis of polypeptide c is inhibited. Also, control cells synthesize neither chlorophyll nor polypeptide c in the dark. However, when cells are treated with chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of chloroplast protein synthesis, the synthesis of polypeptide c occurs in the absence of light required for chlorophyll synthesis. Chlorophyll per se does not appear to be required for synthesis of polypeptide c, since treating cells with hemin, maleate, or malonate causes an inhibition of the synthesis of chlorophyll but not of polypeptide c. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of a proposed mechanism by which synthesis of polypeptide c is regulated at the transcriptional level by a precursor of chlorophyll, and this regulation is mediated by a protein or proteins synthesized within the chloroplast.
Validity of Cross-National Research Using Unrepresentative Convenience Samples*

Many multi-nation surveys use samples that are not representative of the nations compared. Examples include surveys of students or families of students in different nations (Straus 1968; Straus and Straus 1968), of nurses (Glazer and Gyurak 2008), and of residents of the largest city in each nation in the study (Lynch 2008). None of these studies used nationally representative samples, yet they draw conclusions about differences between nations. This article provides empirical data on whether valid cross-national conclusions can be made using these types of unrepresentative samples when the samples are drawn from the same subpopulations in each country and using similar study designs. It reports empirical tests of the cross-national validity of data obtained for a 32-nation study using convenience samples of university students – the International Dating Violence Study or IDVS. The IDVS sample is not representative of the 32 nations because university students differ from the general population in important ways. In addition, because the sample consisted of students in classes taught by the member of a research consortium in that nation and in classes where other teachers permitted the questionnaire to be administered, the students in IDVS are not random samples of students in their nation, or even of students in their own university. Members of the consortium conducting the study administered the study questionnaire in enough of their own and classes taught by others.
Testicular volume during early infancy

FOREST/ in 1973, demonstrated a significant rise in the plasma testosterone concentrations of boys during early infancy. Testosterone values increase from birth to 3 months of age, reach a concentration of approximately 300 ng/dl, and then decrease to about 10 ng/dl by 7 months of age. The testosterone surge is associated with a transient elevation of both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. ~. 3 Values for androstenedione, a steroid primarily of adrenal origin, do not rise during early infancy/. 5 Hence, it has been postulated that this transient rise in plasma testosterone concentration represents an increase in testicular steroidogenic activity, presumably under gonadotropin regulation. ~ Since testicular enlargement is the earliest sign of the pubertal gonadotropin rise in males, we have investigated whether a similar maturational event occurs during early infancy. Accordingly, we have measured the testicular volume of normal boys during the first six months of life.
Responding with Dao: Early Daoist ethics and the environment

Early Daoism, as articulated in the Daodejing and the Zhuangzi , indirectly addresses environmental issues by intimating a non-reductive naturalistic ethics calling on humans to be open and responsive to the specificities and interconnections of the world and environment to which they belong. "Dao" is not a substantial immanent or transcendent entity but the lived enactment of the intrinsic worth of the "myriad things" and the natural world occurring through how humans address and are addressed by them. Early Daoism potentially corrects both anthropocentrism and biocentrism in environmental ethics by disclosing the things themselves in the context of the self-cultivation of life. Given increasing environmental devastation and the dominance of views, practices, and institutions reducing nature to a background and/or raw material for human activity, this "ethics of encounter" discloses the life of things as inexhaustibly more than human projects and constructs, extending ethical recognition and responsibility beyond social relations and the social self.
The protein information and property explorer

Motivation: Mass spectrometry experiments in the field of proteomics produce lists containing tens to thousands of identified proteins. With the protein information and property explorer (PIPE), the biologist can acquire functional annotations for these proteins and explore the enrichment of the list, or fraction thereof, with respect to functional classes. These protein lists may be saved for access at a later time or different location. The PIPE is interoperable with the Firegoose and the Gaggle, permitting wide-ranging data exploration and analysis. The PIPE is a rich-client web application which uses AJAX capabilities provided by the Google Web Toolkit, and server-side data storage using Hibernate. Availability: http://pipe.systemsbiology.net Contact: pshannon@systemsbiology.org
The use of laminate multichip modules for the packaging of 9-GHz digital multichip circuits

An investigation of the high-frequency performance of laminate multichip module (MCM-L) technology was undertaken with the goal of demonstrating its appropriateness for the development of digital radar receivers operating in the X band (8 to 12 GHz). A seven-chip circuit using digital components on a Gore MCM-L was successfully tested up to 9.6 GHz. An analog-to-digital converter on an MCM-L was successfully tested up to 6 GHz. An extensive characterization of the MCM-L technology using both simulations and measurements was performed to formulate a set of design guidelines for high-frequency applications. A novel dielectric-encapsulated MCM-to-MCM interconnect scheme was proposed and tested.
Critique of William Shepard ‘“fundamentalism” Christian and Islamic’ (Religion 1987, 17)

(1989). Critique of William Shepard ‘“fundamentalism” Christian and Islamic’ (Religion 1987, 17) Religion: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 275-280.
Identification of a new quaternary neutralizing epitope on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virus particles

The selection of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 by binding assays may fail to identify Abs to quaternary epitopes on the intact virions. The HIV neutralization assay was used for the selection of human MAb 2909, which potently neutralizes SF162 and recognizes an epitope on the virus surface but not on soluble proteins. Three regions of gp120, the V2 and V3 loops and the CD4 binding domain, contribute to the epitope recognized by MAb 2909. The existence of such a unique MAb, which defines a complex epitope formed by a quaternary structure, suggests that there may be other new neutralizing HIV epitopes to target with vaccines.
Neurodiversity: Autism Pride Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The neurodiversity movement takes an identity politics approach to autism spectrum disorders, proposing autism spectrum disorders as a positive "neuro-variation" to be approached only with interventions that assist individuals without changing them. This article explicates the concept of neurodiversity and places it within the context of autism spectrum disorders advocacy and treatments. It draws from fieldwork conducted in a midwestern urban center, from June through October 2008, with support groups for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Neurodiverse sentiments were identified within these groups, despite the pursuance of treatments to which some neurodiversity advocates might object. Therefore, although neurodiversity has influenced parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in this sample, its role as a medical advocacy group has not been fully realized. This article attempts to place neurodiversity in better conversation with advocates and medical professionals.
Measurement of skeletal muscle motion in vivo with phase-contrast MR imaging.

The ability to measure skeletal muscle motion with phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was tested with a motion phantom that simulated muscle activity. Quantitative analytic data on unidimensional, bidirectional skeletal muscle motion measured in vivo was obtained in four healthy volunteers. MR images of the subjectss' forearms were obtained during flexion and extension of the fingers and of the anterior and posterior muscle compartments of the lower leg with various resistances to ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. It was necessary to correct the data for the effects of eddy currents. In vitro evaluation of the technique was done by studying through-plane sinusoidal motion of solid objects. The largest error was underestimation of the peak excursion of 11.5 mm by 0.09 mm (the root mean square error for the cycle was 0.04 mm) In vivo experiments demonstrated the contraction of muscles in relation to each other. Data acquisition and analysis techniques must be refined, but measuring skeletal muscle motion with phase-contrast MR imaging should enhance the understanding of bioengineering fundamentals and muscular changes in disease and adaptation.
Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth

The ecological distribution of species is influenced by individual patterns of response to environment for traits that contribute to fitness. Comparative data on fitness responses to complex environments are particularly valuable for understanding the relation of plasticity to ecological breadth. This study compares individual phenotypic plasticity for components of fitness in four congeneric annual plant species with contrasting ecological distributions (Polygonum cespitosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium, and P. persicaria). Replicate seedlings of 32 inbred lineages drawn from five natural populations per species were grown to maturity under controlled conditions in all 12 possible combinations of low and high light; dry, moist, and flooded soil; and poor vs. rich nutrients. Timing of reproduction, total reproductive output, offspring size, and allocation to reproduction were determined for each plant. The data revealed highly complex differences among the species in patterns of plastic response for f...
A Class of examples of D-sequences

We use a new method to construct a class of strongly uniformly distributed D -sequences. Such sequences are used to determine ergodic measure-preserving transformations.
Synthesis of a 4‐Selenothymidine Phosphoramidite and Incorporation into Oligonucleotides

The detailed synthetic protocol for a 4-selenothymidine phosphoramidite and its use to prepare modified oligonucleotides is described here. The Se-phosphoramidite synthesis was achieved by developing a useful protection and deprotection system for the selenium functionality. The coupling reaction of the Se-phosphoramidite during solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis is quantitative, and the oligonucleotides containing the Se-modification are stable. Based on crystal structure analysis, the selenium-modified oligonucleotides retain base-pairing like their native counterparts, and the derivatized DNA structure is virtually identical to the native structure. This achievement will present a novel opportunity for structural studies of nucleic acids and their protein complexes, because selenium can resolve the phase problem in macromolecular X-ray crystallography. In addition, this atom-specific replacement of oxygen with selenium will provide a useful tool for investigating biochemical and biophysical properties of nucleic acids and their protein complexes. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 32:1.19.1-1.19.13. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: nucleic acid; selenium; derivatization; structure determination; X-ray crystallography
Acceleration, Creation, and Depletion of Wind-Driven, Baroclinic Rossby Waves over an Ocean Ridge

Abstract The influences of topography on the propagation, spatial patterns, and amplitude variations of long baroclinic Rossby waves are investigated with a wind-forced, two-layer model above a midocean ridge. With steep topography the evolution equation for the baroclinic mode is shown to differ from that for a flat bottom in several ways: 1) The phase speed is systematically faster by the factor H/H2, where H is the total ocean depth and H2 is the lower layer thickness, though the propagation remains westward and nearly nondispersive; 2) an effectively dissipative transfer to the barotropic mode occurs whenever the baroclinic mode is locally parallel to f/H contours, where f is the Coriolis frequency; and 3) the wind-forced response is amplified in proportion to the topographic steepness, (f/H)(dH/dx)/(df/dy), for a longitudinally varying topography, which can be a large factor, but the amplification is only by the modest factor H/H2 for a latitudinally varying topography. Effects 2 and 3 are the result...
Evidence for hydrothermal Archaea within the basaltic flanks of the East Pacific Rise

Little is known about the fluids or the microbial communities present within potentially vast hydrothermal reservoirs contained in still-hot volcanic ocean crust beneath the flanks of the mid-ocean ridge. During Alvin dives in 2002, organic material attached to basalt was collected at low, near-ambient temperatures from an abyssal hill fault scarp in 0.5 Ma lithosphere on the western ridge flank of the East Pacific Rise. Mineral analysis by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy revealed high-temperature (> 110 degrees C) phases chalcopyrite (Cu(5)FeS(4)) and 1C pyrrhotite (Fe(1-x)S) within the fault scarp materials. A molecular survey of archaeal genes encoding 16S rRNA identified a diverse hyperthermophilic community, including groups within Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. We propose that the sulfide, metals and archaeal communities originated within a basalt-hosted subseafloor hydrothermal habitat beneath the East Pacific Rise ridge flank and were transported to the seafloor during a recent episode of hydrothermal venting from the abyssal hill fault. Additionally, inferred metabolisms from the fault scarp community suggest that an ecologically unique high-temperature archaeal biosphere may thrive beneath the young East Pacific Rise ridge flank and that abyssal hill fault scarps may present new opportunities for sampling for this largely unexplored microbial habitat.
Predictive Modeling of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are lightweight and inexpensive transducers made from ferroelectric piezoceramic wafers attached to safety-critical structure. PWAS transducers enable a large class of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The focus of this paper is on the predictive modeling of structurally-attached PWAS. After a brief introduction, the paper reviews the PWAS-based SHM principles. Then, it follows with a discussion of shear-lag analysis, the transfer matrix method approach and the investigation of power and energy transduction between PWAS and structure. Finally, the paper presents a multi-physics finite element (MP-FEM) simulation. The paper ends with summary and conclusion.
Theoretical Foundations for Models of Moist Convection

Abstract The equations describing the dynamics and thermodynamics of cloudy air are derived using the theories of multicomponent fluids and multiphase flows. The formulation is completely general and allows the hydrometeors to have temperatures and velocities that differ from those of the dry air and water vapor. The equations conserve mass, momentum, and total thermodynamic energy. They form a complete set once terms describing the radiative processes and the microphysical processes of condensation, sublimation, and freezing are provided. An equation for the total entropy documents the entropy sources for multitemperature flows that include the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between the hydrometeors and the moist air. It is shown, for example, that the evaporation of raindrops in unsaturated air need not produce an increase in entropy when the drops are cooler than the air. An expression for the potential vorticity in terms of the density of the moist air and the virtual potential temperature is ...
Towards Personalized Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

There has been very significant progress to characterizing the IBD genome with more than 160 IBD loci now identified. Now, the real challenge for researchers is the bidirectional translation of these findings in order to understand the functional and clinical consequences of this genetic variation. The influence of other factors including, but not limited to, epigenetic phenomena and environmental exposures, including the microbiome, cannot be ignored. The realistic hope is that, in the near future, patients will benefit from these advances as multi-omic modalities facilitate the path to a more personalized approach to disease management.