cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of bite strength and feeding behaviour in juvenile spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)

Bite strength is of great importance to carnivores, as their jaws must produce forces of sufficient magnitude to kill and consume their prey. Spotted hyenas, well known for crushing and consuming bones, were studied to determine how tooth and jaw growth affect bite strength and feeding behaviour. Nine captive individuals, aged 6 months to 2 years of age, were sampled as they grew. At 8- to12-week intervals, morphological measurements that estimated jaw muscle mass, tooth size and skull size were taken. Using a force transducer, bite force was measured directly for these juveniles as well as other captive individuals of different ages. In addition, feeding behaviour and performance were quantified periodically by bone tests in which individuals were offered a sheep femur for 15 min. Behaviour and performance were expected to change with the shift from juvenile to adult dentition. Results were not entirely as expected. Morphological measurements of growth reached a plateau at about 20 months, whereas bite strength increased in a linear fashion up to 5 years of age. A fundamental change in tooth use during bone cracking followed the replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth; the primary area of tooth use moved from anterior to rearmost premolars, increasing the mechanical advantage of the jaw adductors. The timing of this shift seemed to be a function of a decrease in gape limitation as a result of growth as well as caudal movement of the premolars. Our data demonstrated that juvenile hyenas had not achieved adult feeding performance levels at 12 months of age, when they are typically weaned in the wild. This suggests that recently weaned cubs may be at an increased risk of starvation and that selection might favour later weaning times.
A survey of the beliefs regarding international emergency medicine among fourth-year medical students planning on matching in emergency medicine

With the recent growth of fellowships in international emergency medicine, the authors sought to evaluate medical students’ attitudes toward international emergency medicine and to determine the effects these attitudes have on their residency selection. Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Data collection: An anonymous, eight-question online survey was distributed to all members of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine Resident and Student section. This survey was also distributed to fourth-year medical students rotating through the Emergency Department at Los Angeles County and the University of Southern California. Ninety-eight surveys were collected, 61 from rotating students and 37 from the AAEM mailing. There were no statistically significant differences in responses between the two groups. Of the respondents, 49.4% of have been exposed to IEM, and 46.9% have participated in international health projects. Ninety-four percent agree that IEM is an exciting career option. Seventy-nine percent said programs with IEM opportunities are more appealing than those without, and 45% said the presence of IEM opportunities would be an important factor in rank list; 53% believe that IEM requires formal public health training, and 63% believe it requires tropical medicine training; 68.3%of respondents speak a language in addition to English. This subset was more likely to have participated in IEM projects previously (p = 0.026) but not more likely to make match choices based on IEM. Half of medical students surveyed had prior experience in international health, and most agree that international emergency medicine is an exciting career option. Over two thirds believe that the presence of IEM opportunities will be a factor in their match list decision.
Pulsed ferrite core tests for 50-ns linear induction accelerator

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory undertook an investigation of the properties of ferrite materials to be used in a 5-MeV, 50-ns linear induction accelerator. The investigation, on a part-time basis, lasted about one year and had the cooperation and helpful suggestions of several manufacturers: TDK of Japan, Phillips of Holland, and Stackpole of the U.S.A. Ferrites have been widely used as tuning cavities for proton synchrotron accelerators at radio frequencies. In such an application, the μQf factor is used in describing the figure of merit for ferrites where a high duty factor requires low loss ferrites. In our linear induction accelerator with an average rep-rate of 5-Hz, the ferrite losses are negligible and the concept of complex permeability in describing the losses will not be introduced, but a large signal ΔB/ΔlH will be used to describe their properties. The properties of interest in designing the accelerating cavity were: a) flux swing ΔB = B r + B m > .5T b) a residual flux density B_{r} \geq .15T with a reset no greater than 2 Oer. c) a relatively high incremental μ > 400 to keep the excitation current small in relation to the load current, d) a high resistivity for the 250-kV voltage hold-off.
Entropies of mixing of solids with a retrograde solidus

Abstract Molar entropies of mixing for elemental and compound phases at the composition extreme in retrograde solidi are calculated from available thermodynamic data on the respective liquid solutions and the tentative assumption that the partial molar entropy of mixing of the solid solvent is zero. Calculated values of S 2 M(s) , the partial molar entropy of mixing of the solute or dissolved component, for the elemental phases agree with the available experimental data demonstrating the usefulness of the method of calculation for dilute solid solutions. For compound phases, the calculated values of S M(s) , the integral molar entropy of mixing, are more positive than that as calculated from published values of entropies of formation. The differences are attributed in part to the neglect of the partial molar entropy of mixing of the solid solvent. For the compounds CaF 2 , CdTe, PbTe, UN, UP, and US, the differences are too great to be attributed to assumptions in the calculations. Arguments are presented suggesting that these discrepancies are due in part to errors in the accepted entropy values for formation of the compounds and/or of phase transition of the constituent elements.
Omega network-based ATM switch with neural network-controlled bypass queueing and multiplexing

Multistage interconnection networks (MINs) have long been studied for use in switching networks. Since they have a unique path between source and destination and the intermediate nodes of the paths are shared, internal blocking can cause very poor throughput. This paper proposes a high throughput ATM switch consisting of an Omega network with a new form of input queues called bypass queues. We also improve the switch throughput by partitioning the Input buffers into disjoint buffer sets and multiplexing several sets of nonblocking cells within a time slot, assuming that the routing switch operates only a couple of times faster than the transmission rate. A neural network model is presented as a controller for cell scheduling and multiplexing in the switch. Our simulation results under uniform traffic show that the proposed approach achieves almost 100% of potential switch throughput. >
Motor System Reorganization After Stroke: Stimulating and Training Toward Perfection

Stroke instigates regenerative responses that reorganize connectivity patterns among surviving neurons. The new connectivity patterns can be suboptimal for behavioral function. This review summarizes current knowledge on post-stroke motor system reorganization and emerging strategies for shaping it with manipulations of behavior and cortical activity to improve functional outcome.
Neural network recognition of human face images stored in the database

The author describes an investigation of human face recognition using neural networks. The investigation is the basis for retrieval and management of human face images stored in the database. The database is similar to FBI or many other law enforcement agencies databases. The goal of the investigation is twofold. First, assuming that an existing database of the front face and profile images is available, the requirement is to know whether the neural network trained on the front image and the profile can recognize any other images of the same person. Second, a minimal set of snapshots of each person is desired consisting of at least the front face and profile, which are needed to train a neural network so that the trained network can then recognize many other snapshots of the same person. The research prototype of a postrelational database management system (DBMs) is discussed called CHINOOK being implemented at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. CHINOOK is intended to manage databases of digitized images and digitized one-dimensional data as well as text and tables. CHINOOK is intended to support the retrieval of images by their content. >
Preparing teachers to respond to student writing

Responding to student writing is one of the most challenging aspects of the writing instructor’s job, and it is certainly the most time-consuming. Preparing future teachers to respond to L2 writing thus becomes an important aspect of any pre-service training course. In this paper, the author describes her own approach to training writing instructors in an MA TESOL seminar, using the ‘‘approach/response/follow-up’’ outline found in Ferris and Hedgock [Ferris, D. R., & Hedgcock, J. S. (2005). Teaching ESL composition: Purpose, process and practice (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. Additional sections describe special considerations for language-based feedback and ideas for working with in-service writing instructors.
Expression of two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 and GAD65) during postnatal development of rat somatosensory barrel cortex

The postnatal development of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; GAD67 and GAD65) expression was studied in the rat somatosensory cortex. Delineation of barrels in layer IV by GAD67 immunoreactivity occurred between postnatal days P3 and P6 and remained evident into adulthood. At birth, a band of GAD67-positive elements was already present in superficial layer V. This band was prominent until P6 and gradually disappeared after P9. In parallel, there was a gradual appearance of GAD67-immunoreactive cells neuropil and puncta, which began in layer VI/subplate at P1 and achieved the adult laminar pattern by about P13. This later GAD67 immunoreactivity was responsible for the demarcation of barrels in layer IV. Development of GAD65 immunoreactivity was delayed relative to GAD67. GAD65 immunoreactivity, which was in little evidence before P6, increased markedly in density and in delineation of cell bodies over the next several weeks. During this prolonged developmental process, GAD65 first showed a negative image of the barrels compared with the septae and the surrounding cortex. Subsequently, there was a filling in of the barrels resulting in rather uniform GAD65 immunoreactivity across the barrel field and surrounding cortex. These results suggest that the development of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthetic system in the barrel cortex involves several processes: the disappearance of a precocious GAD67 system in layer V, the temporally overlapping maturation of the mature GAD67 system in an inside-outside manner, and the delayed and prolonged development of the GAD65 system.
Pregabalin-Associated Heart Failure Decompensation in a Patient With a History of Stage I Heart Failure

Objective: To describe an elderly male patient with a prior history of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I heart failure (HF) who presented with cardiac decompensation related to pregabalin therapy and to review the literature involving the effects of pregabalin in HF patients. Case Summary: An 84-year-old man with NYHA class I HF (left-ventricular ejection fraction between 45% and 50%) presented to the emergency department with acute HF decompensation approximately 10 days after initiation of pregabalin for the management of peripheral neuropathy. Discontinuation of pregabalin and administration of furosemide resulted in resolution of symptoms. Shortness of breath; facial, neck, and peripheral edema; and weight gain all improved within 2 days. Three months following discontinuation of furosemide and pregabalin, the patient remained stable without any recurring symptoms or progression in HF. Discussion: Pregabalin is associated with a 10% to 15% prevalence of peripheral edema and weight gain, with c...
Design Considerations to Minimize the Impact of a Repository on a Host Rock

A conceptual design is being developed in support of the Department of Energy’s study of a potential site for a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. This design can be used to support the recommendation of that site for characterization if so designated by the Department of Energy. In the event that the Yucca Mountain site is chosen for development as the first repository, the conceptual design and subsequent preliminary engineering designs could be used to develop design specifications for repository construction. The design addresses the unique surface and subsurface characteristics of the volcanic tuffs at Yucca Mountain. A candidate horizon has been identified approximately 300 meters below the surface and about 100 meters above the water table. The design activities are being conducted in a manner to attempt to control and reduce to the extent practicable the impact exerted by the repository on the containment and isolation capability of the site. This process consists of careful iteration of design, analysis and interpretation of results to ensure long-term containment and isolation requirements are met and that short-term operations and costs are acceptable.
A Comparison of Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS®) Assay for Cannabinoids and GC-MS Analysis for 11-nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening assay for cannabinoid metabolites. Urine specimens (N = 1689) were collected during elimination of cannabinoids from 25 subjects with a history of marijuana use. Specimens were analyzed concurrently for cannabinoid metabolites by a customized Department of Defense (DOD) cannabinoid KIMS kit (50-ng/mL cutoff) and for 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) by GC-MS (15-ng/mL cutoff). As compared to GC-MS results, the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the KIMS assay were 69.7%, 99.8%, and 88.6%, respectively. Many of the false-negative results had GC-MS concentrations between 15 and 26 ng/mL (N = 151). The cannabinoid screening results for the DOD samples tested by the laboratory during the same 8-month period were also evaluated. The linear regression analyses of GC-MS results in the 15-50 ng/mL range and KIMS data resulted in regression coefficients of 0.689 for the research specimens and 0.546 for DOD specimens. The results suggest that the KIMS cannabinoid screening assay is deficient in detecting positives around the cutoff (15-25 ng/mL THC-COOH). This limitation of the KIMS cannabinoid screening method compromises the identification of true positive specimens, therefore reducing the effectiveness of the assay. The success of the DOD program is dependent on sensitive and specific screening assays; the high prevalence of false-negative cannabinoid results compromises the program's primary objective of drug deterrence.
Systematic Review of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Adolescent Development

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous research found that prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) may increase children9s vulnerability to behavior and cognition problems. Maturational changes in brain and social development make adolescence an ideal time to reexamine associations. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of published studies examining associations between PCE and adolescent development (behavior, cognition/school outcomes, physiologic responses, and brain morphology/functioning). METHODS: Articles were obtained from PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases through July 2012 with search terms: prenatal drug, substance, or cocaine exposure; adolescence/adolescent; and in utero substance/drug exposure. Criteria for inclusion were nonexposed comparison group, human adolescents aged 11 to 19, peer-reviewed, English-language, and adolescent outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies representing 9 cohorts met the criteria. Four outcome categories were identified: behavior, cognition/school performance, brain structure/function, and physiologic responses. Eleven examined behavior; 7 found small but significant differences favoring nonexposed adolescents, with small effect sizes. Eight examined cognition/school performance; 6 reported significantly lower scores on language and memory tasks among adolescents with PCE, with varying effect sizes varied. Eight examined brain structure/function and reported morphologic differences with few functional differences. Three examined physiologic responses with discordant findings. Most studies controlled for other prenatal exposures, caregiving environment, and violence exposure; few examined mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with findings among younger children, PCE increases the risk for small but significantly less favorable adolescent functioning. Although the clinical importance of differences is often unknown, the caregiving environment and violence exposure pose additional threats. Future research should investigate mechanisms linking PCE with adolescent functioning.
The Midgame in Strategic Therapy.

The techniques and artistry of initiating and terminating therapeutic encounters have been disproportionately represented in the literature of strategic therapy. This paper, using the patient's own report, illustrates the middle phase of therapy in the case of a severe marital difficulty. Central to the final outcome was a paradoxical instruction which, following the patient's own report, is discussed with regard to this case and as a general category of prescription.
Comparison of five canopy cover estimation techniques in the western Oregon Cascades

Abstract Estimates of forest canopy cover are widely used in forest research and management, yet methods used to quantify canopy cover and the estimates they provide vary greatly. Four commonly used ground-based techniques for estimating overstory cover – line-intercept, spherical densiometer, moosehorn, and hemispherical photography – and cover estimates generated from crown radii parameters of the western Cascades variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) were compared in five Douglas-fir/western hemlock structure types in western Oregon. Differences in cover estimates among the ground-based methods were not related to stand-structure type (p = 0.33). As expected, estimates of cover increased and stand-level variability decreased with increasing angle of view among techniques. However, the moosehorn provided the most conservative estimates of vertical-projection overstory cover. Regression equations are provided to permit conversion among canopy cover estimates made with the four ground-based techniques. These equations also provide a means for integrating cover data from studies that use different techniques, thus aiding in the ability to conduct synthetic research. Ground-based measures are recommended for specific objectives. Because the FVS-estimated cover levels were consistently lower and more variable than most of the ground-based estimates (by up to 44, 17% on average), ground-based measures of canopy cover may be preferable when accuracy is an important objective.
Hyposmotic shock stimulates insulin secretion by two distinct mechanisms. Studies with the βHC9 cell

Exposure of βHC9 cells to a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-HEPES buffer (KRBH) made hypotonic by a reduction of 25 mM NaCl resulted in a prompt stimulation of insulin release. The stimulation was transie...
Socio-Economic, Cultural and Psychological Acceptability of Fertility Control for Protecting the Life and Health of Mother and Infant

The study of motivation in human reproductive behavior is of central importance in any attempt to understand fertility patterns and in the design and implementation of family planning services. A great many factors are involved in determining a couple’s desired family size, and their preferences for the timing and spacing of births. These include cultural, social, economic and psychological factors. With a better understanding of such issues, fertility regulation methods and the service system through which they are provided can be made consonant with the knowledge, cultural values, beliefs and behavior of the consumer.
Knee osteoarthritis negatively affects the recovery step following large forward-directed postural perturbations

The reasons for higher fall risk of people with osteoarthritis (OA) compared to people without OA are not known. It is possible that following a loss of balance OA may negatively affect the recovery stepping response. Stepping responses have not been reported for people with knee OA. Here, we compared recovery step kinematics following laboratory-induced trip and following a large treadmill-delivered perturbation simulating a trip between a group of women with and without self-reported knee OA. We hypothesized that knee OA would significantly impair recovery step kinematics compared to those of a control group. Following the laboratory-induced trip, step length and trunk flexion velocity at recovery step completion of women with OA were significantly impaired and more so for the women who fell. Following the treadmill-delivered perturbation, the recovery step kinematics of women with OA were not significantly impaired. For both perturbations, the women who fell had significantly impaired recovery step kinematics compared to those who did not fall, regardless of OA. The results are consistent with previous work on healthy middle aged and older women and suggest that the same biomechanical risk factors for trip-related falls are shared by middle age and older women regardless of the presence of knee OA. The results support the need to determine whether training protocols which have been shown to improve recovery step kinematics and reduce prospective falls by healthy older women can have similar outcomes for people with knee OA.
Exploring Psychosocial Predictors of Bullying Involvement for Students With Disabilities

Students with disabilities are disproportionately involved within the bullying dynamic. However, few studies have investigated the interaction between victimization and proactive or reactive aggression, and psychosocial predictors for bullying involvement among school-aged youth with disabilities. This study used structural equation modeling to examine the predictive nature of depression, hostility, and self-esteem on victimization, bullying, fighting, bully-victimization, and reactive-victimization for a diverse sample of 1,183 adolescents with disabilities. Results suggest that victimization predicted bullying and fighting. In addition, lower levels of depression and higher levels of hostility predicted bullying and fighting; higher levels of depression, hostility, and lower levels of self-esteem predicted higher levels of victimization. Finally, higher levels of depression, hostility, and lower levels of self-esteem predicted bully-victim and reactive-victim status. Therefore, schools should begin to i...
EPIG-10ABERRANT EPIGENOME IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

The fact that epigenetic alterations collaborate with genetic mutations to drive the evolution of cancer towards malignancy prompted us to dissect the aberrant epigenome with focus on post-translational modifications in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We initially utilized qualitative and quantitative proteome by Tandem Mass Tagging Orbitrap-Elite spectrometry and identified differential histone modification patterns in four distinct types of MRI-characterized GBM compared to control brain regions. We found that trimethylation on histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3), as well as acetylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac), lysine 27 (H3K27ac), and lysine 36 (H3K36ac) are altered in GBM. As these histone modifications are known to be either chromatin active or repressive marks, we carried out chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep-sequence (ChIP-Seq) to delineate differential enrichment of GBM genome by these histone modifications, and in parallel use RNA-Seq for gene expression profile of GBM. Through integrated analyses of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we found that changes in histone modification lead to very widespread effect on gene expression including cell cycle, cell death, mitochondrial metabolism, as well as PI3K and mTOR signaling pathways. Our studies highlight potential candidates for therapeutic targets of GBM. In addition, our proteomic analysis showed that neural stem and progenitor cell markers are highly expressed in GBM, suggesting that heterogeneous population of GBM share features with non-neoplastic stem cells. How changes in chromatin status could transform the normal stem cell toward cancer-initiating cells in GBM remain to be determined. Our future study will utilize single-cell RNA-Seq and proteome to thoroughly dissect the mechanism of cancerous initiation of GBM at single cell level. Emerging findings will diversify the approaches to cancer control and care by providing potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
The American Nightmare: Reading and Teaching Pietro di Donato's Ethnographic Novel Christ in Concrete:

In the interdisciplinary course entitled The Italian-American Experience, Pietro di Donato's Christ in Concrete is examined, explored, and analyzed within historical, socio-political, and literary contexts. The novel becomes a point of focus for the discussion of immigrant life and working-class people in a broader and contextualized understanding of Italian Americans. Students read Christ in Concrete in conjunction with essays documenting the history of workers' struggles in the United States. Read as cultural artifact, Christ in Concrete documents with historical clarity and brutal honesty the way in which the American Dream turned nightmare. Using language, religion, and social politics as focal points, the paper looks at Italian-Americans, their virtues and flaws, their struggles and triumphs, as it underscores the culture's unique contributions to the American mosaic not only in the lived lives of the novel's characters but also in the poetics of its discourse.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Toujours, Amur! Bush Honeysuckles: Introduced, Alien, or Invasive?

ABSTRACTThe bush honeysuckles, including Lonicera maackii, have been promulgated as horticultural prizewinners, publicized as horticultural plunderers, and occupied every step in between. Fast-spreading, relatively agnostic in terms of growing conditions, and showy, its fixed position as a decorative plant has become the root of a larger challenge. This article is a brief look at the extensive literature surrounding this ambivalent shrub.
Mental Health Education and Research on Teenagers in Internet Environment

Internet expands teenagers' awareness space,forms their multivariate value sense and helps them vent indignation.At the same times,internet can lead to teenagers' low cognitive capacity,cold interpersonal relation,depression,anxiety and so on.Incor-rect measures are taken to teenagers who had mental disease which were led to by internet in China,which includes that parents prohibit teenagers to log on internet;schools only carry out moral education;schools and families pay attention to treatment but neglect to pre-vent.We must establish the prevent system of teenagers' mental disease which includes schools,families and governments;and we should carry out Psychological Education by Internet;and we should combine legal education,moral education and psychological educa-tion for teenagers;and we must improve the professional level of psychological doctors.
Is the MNA valid in different populations and across practice settings

Objective: The MNA® is a successful screening tool in geriatric medicine, but this success is in Europe or countries with Western health care practice settings. The MNA® is not directly applicable in many ethnic groups or countries or those with non-Western cultural and dietary habits or health care systems. There is an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and obesity among the elderly; however, the MNA® does not include questions or measures related to these or other important health conditions affected by nutritional status. This paper addresses the relevance of anthropometry and the impact of different clinical practice settings on the MNA® and discusses the development of the Chinese Nutritional Screen (CNS) in China. Conclusions: If the MNA® is to continue to be successful among groups of elderly around the world, then the MNA®, CNS or similar instruments should be as country or culturally and ethnically specific as possible. The development of the CNS maintained the underlying assumptions and concept of the MNA® but modified them for a country with diverse food and cultural habits and health care settings.
What Is the Best Approach to Avoid Colorectal Cancer Risk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease that primarily affect the colon and small intestine. IBD patients have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than the general population due to chronic colonic mucosal inflammation that predisposes to the development of dysplasia, the earliest form of neoplastic change in IBD and other chronic inflammatory disorders (e.g., Barrett’s esophagus). Therefore, the two demonstrated means of reducing the risk of cancer in IBD are to control inflammation and to survey for dysplasia and remove the dysplastic area, if possible.
Hybrid Antioxidant and Metal Sequestering Small Molecules Targeting the Molecular Features of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease currently affects over 5.4 million Americans with $236 billion spent annually on the direct costs of patient care. Health experts expect this price tag to rise to $1.1 trillion ...
A Study of Faculty Governance Leaders’ Perceptions of Online and Blended Learning

This article reports the findings of a study on the perceptions of faculty governance leaders to online and blended learning. For the purposes of this study, faculty governance was defined as formally established bodies in colleges and universities such as senates, councils, and collective bargaining organizations that are affiliated with the American Association of University Professors (AAUP). While there have been many studies on the perceptions of students, faculty, and administrators, there has been very little research on the perceptions of faculty governance leaders who hold critical positions in colleges and universities. Governance leaders are at the crux of approval processes that influence the development of curricula, faculty personnel policies, and academic programs, all of which can impact the implementation of online and blended learning initiatives. The research methodology for this study included a survey sent to a sample of governance leaders at U.S. institutions of higher education and follow-up phone interviews or email correspondence with a small number of volunteers. The sample was identified using an American Association of University Professors (AAUP) membership list. The results of this study provide important new information on the perceptions of this influential group of leaders on matters related to online and blended learning.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy*

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a brief psychotherapeutic treatment that seeks to produce change in cognition and behavior. The term includes a number of diverse therapeutic procedures, such as cognitive therapy, rational-emotive psychotherapy, problem-solving intervention, and exposure. It may yield a reduction in the psychophysiological activation that is associated with the stress response, an improvement in coping skills, or both.
Zero-DGD multicore optical fibers

An analytical method is presented for designing N-coupled multi-core fibers with zero differential group delay. Using this technique a number of pertinent geometrical configurations are investigated in order to eliminate intermodal dispersion among supermodes.
Pion interferometry in 28Si + Pb central collisions

Abstract Two-pion correlation functions have been studied using the E814 setup in 14.6 A·GeV/c 28 Si + Pb central collisions. Results of pion correlation functions from the RQMD event generator are compared to the data and show that a source with RMS radius of 8.3 fm is compatible with the experimental data.
Tg-confinement effects in strongly miscible blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and polystyrene: Roles of bulk fragility and chain segregation

Abstract The glass transition temperature ( T g )-confinement effects in single-layer, supported films of strongly miscible poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/polystyrene (PPO/PS) blends are characterized using ellipsometry and fluorescence, both of which report a single, reduced blend T g upon confinement. These results indicate that PPO/PS blends exhibit strong miscibility under conditions of nanoscale confinement and that there is a lack of strong attractive polymer-substrate interactions in PPO/PS films supported on Si/SiO x . The strength of the T g -confinement effect obtained via ellipsometry scales with bulk blend fragility in PPO/PS blends and exhibits a weaker dependence on bulk fragility than that observed previously [Evans et al. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 6091] in supported films of linear homopolymers lacking attractive polymer-substrate interactions. We further compare T g results obtained from fluorescence of both pyrenyl labels (covalently attached to PS) and dopants (freely dispersed in PPO/PS blends) along with those from ellipsometry. In the confined state, pyrenyl dopant fluorescence reports blend T g values that agree relatively well with T g values reported by ellipsometry; in contrast, pyrenyl label fluorescence reports blend T g values that are significantly lower than those reported by both ellipsometry and pyrenyl dopant fluorescence. We attribute this difference to the combined effects of the distribution of pyrenyl dye across the film and underlying surface segregation. Our results indicate that the combination of ellipsometry and fluorescence provides a powerful methodology to study interface-induced chain segregation in nanoconfined miscible polymer blends, whether in film geometry or in nanocomposites.
Learning Control for Nonholonomic Mechanical Systems

Abstract This paper considers the problem of controlling uncertain nonholonomic mechanical systems performing repetitive motions. It is proposed that a simple and effective solution to this problem can be obtained by first using a reduction procedure to obtain a lower dimensional system which retains the mechanical system structure of the original system, and then controlling the reduced system using a learning algorithm in such a way that the complete system evolves in the desired manner. This approach is shown to ensure convergence of the actual system motion to the desired motion despite considerable uncertainty regarding the system dynamic model.
Abstract IA22: Using risk assessment tools to motivate behavior change

Epidemiology identifies risk factors for cancer and other diseases based on the idea that conveying such information to healthcare providers, the general public, and policy makers will result in population-wide improvements in healthy behaviors and, consequently, population-wide improvements in health outcomes. These actions assume that the audience understands and uses the information to make health-related decisions. However, the language of epidemiology, which is steeped in probabilistic thinking, is not necessarily the language of the general public. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that the language of epidemiology is not particularly well-understood by policy makers or even, disconcertingly, by some healthcare providers. This presentation will accomplish three objectives. First, it will demonstrate how a user-friendly, Internet-based, personalized risk assessment tool that uses established principles of risk communication and is grounded in health behavior change theories can increase motivation to change behavior. It will accomplish this in the context of using Your Disease Risk to inform women about the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk. Second, it will illustrate the development of a novel personalized risk assessment tool that increases understanding of the link between lifestyle behaviors and overall health and wellness. Specifically, it translates cumulative incidence data about five diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality (i.e., colon cancer, breast cancer (women), heart disease, diabetes, and stroke) into a tool that conveys personalized risk estimates in a comprehensible and useful way for laypeople from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds. The premise is that illustrating how a single behavior can affect the likelihood of developing several diseases could foster a more coherent and meaningful picture of the behavior9s importance in reducing health risks and could increase motivation to engage in the behavior. The behavioral context for this study is also physical activity. Third, this presentation discuss the limits of tools that convey only risk information and do not help users bridge the gap between wanting to change their behavior and having the knowledge, skills, and confidence to actually initiate and maintain such changes. Citation Format: Erika A. Waters. Using risk assessment tools to motivate behavior change. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Glucosinolates, Carotenoids, and Vitamins E and K Variation from Selected Kale and Collard Cultivars

Glucosinolates, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins E and K contents were analyzed from various kale and collard cultivars at mature stage. We found a significant difference in these phytonutrients among cultivars. Among kale cultivars, “Beira” and “Olympic Red” were the highest in the total glucosinolate and “Toscano” kale was the highest in total carotenoid content. “Scarlet” kale was highest in tocopherols. For collard, total glucosinolate was the highest in “Top Bunch” while carotenoids were the highest in “Green Glaze.” An accession PI261597 was the highest in phylloquinone. In addition to the total content of each phytonutrient class, their composition differed among cultivars, indicating that each cultivar may have differential regulatory mechanisms for biosynthesis of these phytonutrients. Our result indicates that cultivar selection may play an important role in consumption of kale and collard with greater nutritional benefit. Therefore, the result of this study will provide a more thorough profile of essential and nonessential phytonutrients of kale and collard cultivars for consumers’ choice and for future research on nutritional value of these crops.
Sensing gastrointestinal motility.

Flexible piezoelectric sensors can detect mechanical deformations in the gastrointestinal tract of ambulating pigs and simultaneously harvest energy from it.
Shred of Truth: Antinomy and Synecdoche in the Work of Ta-Nehisi Coates

In this essay, from a Marxist perspective, we aim to examine the conceptual underpinnings of Coates’ analysis of race and racism, principally in his award-winning book but also in his well-known articles for The Atlantic . We hope to clarify the differences between Coates’ anti-racist (essentially liberal-nationalist) analysis and a Marxist (class) analysis of racism. We examine several antinomies that run throughout Coates’ work: class versus race, white freedom versus Black subordination, voluntarism versus determinism and essentialism versus anti-essentialism.
Small reductions in skin temperature after onset of a simulated hemorrhagic challenge improve tolerance in exercise heat-stressed individuals.

We investigated whether small reductions in skin temperature 60 s after the onset of a simulated hemorrhagic challenge would improve tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after exercise ...
Assessment of THz Performance for a Lateral SiGe HBT on SOI With a Laterally Graded Base

This paper presents a simulation-based assessment of the design, characteristics, and feasibility of a lateral SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor with a graded base on a silicon on insulator. A device was created with a focus on integration with the CMOS process, THz ${f}_{T}/f_{\max}$ , and low-power dissipation. These characteristics are achieved with an ultrathin base width of 22 nm, grading of the base, and modification of standard doping profiles. In TCAD simulations, the n-p-n device has a unity gain cutoff frequency ( ${f}_{T}$ ) of 1.2 THz and maximum oscillation frequency ( ${f}_{\max}$ ) of 2 THz. The p-n-p of the same design has ${f}_{T}$ of 900 GHz and ${f}_{\max}$ of 1.8 THz. Additional Monte Carlo plots that show electron velocity and carrier densities across the length of the device, and a discussion on ballistic effects in the proposed devices are presented. To demonstrate the feasibility of the device, a possible process flow for fabrication is also summarized.
Die synthetische Menschheit

Das synthetische Zeitalter wird sich von allen anderen Epochen der Erdgeschichte dadurch unterscheiden, dass Planung und Bestrebungen der Menschen uber viele Grundfunktionen unseres Planeten bestimmen. Hier und da werden sich solche Planungen locker davon leiten lassen, wie die Erde selbst die Dinge wahrend des Holozans und in fruheren Epochen bewerkstelligt hat. In anderen Fallen wird die Menschheit sich auf einen ganz neuen Weg begeben, weil sie entschlossen ist, die Welt so umzugestalten, dass die Vorgaben der Natur verbessert werden. „Herauszufinden, ob wir die Evolution in der Gestaltung uberflugeln konnen, ist eine grosartige Herausforderung“, sagt George Whitesides im Zusammenhang mit den Aussichten der synthetischen Biologie.1 Das Bestreben, die Natur von der Ebene der Atome bis hinauf in die Atmosphare zu „uberflugeln“, wird zu einem Planeten fuhren, der uns immer weniger vertraut ist.
External loading alters lower extremity kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activity in a distribution-specific manner during the transition from stair descent to level walking.

Abstract Background Excess body mass is thought to be a major cause of altered biomechanics in obesity, but the effects of body mass distribution in biomechanics during daily living tasks are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how increasing body mass centrally and peripherally affects lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation when transitioning from stair descent to level gait. Methods Fifteen normal weight volunteers descended a staircase at a self-selected pace under unloaded, centrally loaded, and peripherally loaded conditions. Spatial-temporal gait characteristics and lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics, and mean electromyography amplitude were calculated using 3D motion analysis. Findings Both central and peripheral loading reduced gait velocity. Peripheral loading increased time spent in stance phase, increased step width, and reduced step length. At the hip joint, peripheral loading reduced peak hip extension and adduction angle. Conversely, central loading reduced peak hip flexor moment. Both central and peripheral loading increased peak knee flexion angle, but only peripheral loading increased peak knee extensor moment. Central and peripheral loading increased mean electromyography amplitude of the medial gastrocnemius, but only peripheral loading increased mean electromyography amplitude of the semitendinosus and the vastus medialis. Interpretation Increasing mass centrally and peripherally differently affects spatial-temporal gait characteristics and lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography when transitioning from stair descent to level gait. Body mass distribution may be an important factor for obesity-induced biomechanical alterations and should be considered when developing biomechanical models of obesity.
Collaborative Sparse Priors for Infrared Image Multi-View ATR

Feature extraction from infrared (IR) images remains a challenging task. Learning based methods that can work on raw imagery/patches have therefore assumed significance. We propose a novel multi-task extension of the widely used sparse-representation-classification (SRC) method in both single and multi-view set-ups. That is, the test sample could be a single IR image or images from different views. When expanded in terms of a training dictionary, the coefficient matrix in a multi-view scenario admits a sparse structure that is not easily captured by traditional sparsity-inducing measures such as the $l_{0}$ -row pseudo norm. To that end, we employ collaborative spike and slab priors on the coefficient matrix, which can capture fairly general sparse structures. Our work involves joint parameter and sparse coefficient estimation (JPCEM) which alleviates the need to handpick prior parameters before classification. The experimental merits of JPCEM are substantiated through comparisons with other state-of-art methods on a challenging mid-wave IR image (MWIR) ATR database made available by the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate.
Social determinants of sleep disturbance in safety-net primary care: unmet needs, classist discrimination, and anxiety.

BACKGROUND The 3P model proposes that predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors all play a role in sleep disturbance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study is to investigate social determinants of sleep disturbance by applying the 3P model to a safety-net primary care setting, specifically by evaluating the role of classism and unmet needs as precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, and anxiety as a perpetuating factor for sleep disturbance. METHODS Participants (N = 210) were a convenience sample of racially/ethnically diverse adults over the age of 18 (age M = 44.7 years) recruited from a safety-net primary care clinic in an urban area. The study employed a cross-sectional design. Participants completed a survey assessing sleep disturbances, anxiety, unmet needs, classism, social support, and a researcher-generated demographic form. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The unmet need for affordable long-term housing and greater experiences of classism were associated with more sleep disturbance, suggesting that both acted as precipitating factors. In a structural equation model with adequate fit indices, anxiety mediated the relationships with sleep disturbance for both the unmet need for affordable long-term housing and classism, suggesting that it serves as a perpetuating factor. Medical providers are recommended to explore these potential needs in safety-net primary care when patients present with sleep disturbance or anxiety. Assisting with connections to long-term housing and helping patients counteract and cope with classist discrimination may be effective in improving sleep in safety-net primary care.