cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequent fire reorganizes fungal communities and slows decomposition across a heterogeneous pine savanna landscape

Pyrogenic savannas with a tree–grassland ‘matrix’ experience frequent fires (i.e. every 1–3 yr). Aboveground responses to frequent fires have been well studied, but responses of fungal litter decomposers, which directly affect fuels, remain poorly known. We hypothesized that each fire reorganizes belowground communities and slows litter decomposition, thereby influencing savanna fuel dynamics. In a pine savanna, we established patches near and away from pines that were either burned or unburned in that year. Within patches, we assessed fungal communities and microbial decomposition of newly deposited litter. Soil variables and plant communities were also assessed as proximate drivers of fungal communities. Fungal communities, but not soil variables or vegetation, differed substantially between burned and unburned patches. Saprotrophic fungi dominated in unburned patches but decreased in richness and relative abundance after fire. Differences in fungal communities with fire were greater in litter than in soils, but unaffected by pine proximity. Litter decomposed more slowly in burned than in unburned patches. Fires drive shifts between fire‐adapted and sensitive fungal taxa in pine savannas. Slower fuel decomposition in accordance with saprotroph declines should enhance fuel accumulation and could impact future fire characteristics. Thus, fire reorganization of fungal communities may enhance persistence of these fire‐adapted ecosystems.
Alien Scolytines on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Alien (exotic) insects threaten trees, landscapes, and ecosystem stability. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are saproxylic beetles that spend most of their life cycles under bark, and often are introduced to new locations through wooden packing materials used in international trade. This project reports the identification of 4 alien species reared on the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica. Bait branches from 41 trees were exposed to saproxylic beetles in a mosaic of old growth and secondary forest. The branches yielded 6,578 scolytines in 33 species. Four of these were alien species: Coccotrypes cyperi Beeson, Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff, Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky, and Xylosandrus morigerus Blandford (all Coleoptera: Curculionidae). At least 1 of the alien species, Premnobius cavipennis, was the most abundant scolytine, represented by 1,476 individuals, and it emerged from almost half of the trees sampled. It was reared from the plant families Lecythidaceae, Sapotaceae, and Fabaceae. Most individuals emerged from bait branches in old growth forest, and were disproportionately abundant at canopy stratum. Only 46 individuals of the economic pest X. crassiusculus were reared from bait branches. Two of the 4 alien scolytines were reared commonly from branches in old growth forest, even though mature forest typically resists invasions of alien species. Unfertilized females can disperse and found colonies by mating with haploid sons, and intra-colony mating promotes rapid population growth; therefore, these life history traits facilitate invasion.
Throughput maximization of complex resource allocation systems through timed-continuous-Petri-net modeling (Extended Abstract)

Fluid-relaxation-based scheduling is a powerful scheduling method with a long history in the context of scheduling of complex stochastic networks. In a recent work of ours, we have shown that this method holds extensive potential to provide near-optimal policies even when it is applied to scheduling problems that involve stochastic networks with blocking and deadlocking effects. However, those results were developed under the ad hoc representations for the continuous – or “fluid” – dynamics that define the “relaxation” of the original scheduling problem, that have been used traditionally by the various research communities that have investigated and/or employed this method. This document reports on our ongoing effort to recast our aforementioned results in the more formal modeling framework of timed-continuous Petri nets. We argue that this modeling framework provides a structured and natural framework for the implementation of this method in the context of the complex resource allocation that is the focus of our work, and we highlight the potential advantages of such a more structured approach.
Simulating low and hyperthermal energy ion scattering from nanostructured surfaces

Abstract The ion-surface scattering simulation SAFARI was modified to accommodate non-rectilinear targets. The basis for this change is discussed in the context of the computation time required for complex, nanostructured targets and the need to maintain the highly local molecular dynamics required for modeling low and hyperthermal energy ion trajectories. Results are presented for alkali ion scattering from noble metal targets (Au, Cu) and compared to experimental data. Scattering from a candidate nanostructured target, a stepped vicinal surface of Au, is also examined in detail and compared to an unstepped analogue to reveal step-dependent scattering features that could be measured in future experiments.
Role of dynamical compressive and shear loading on hotspot criticality in RDX via reactive molecular dynamics

Energy localization in hotspots due to shock-induced pore collapse is thought to be a critical process in the initiation of heterogeneous high-energy density materials. The dynamical collapse of porosity involves expansion, jetting, shearing, and recompression of the material surrounding the defect. While the resulting hotspots are known to result in deflagration waves that can lead to detonation, we lack the understanding of the relative potency of the various processes that occur during the collapse. We use molecular dynamics simulations with the reactive force field ReaxFF to characterize how uniaxial expansion/recompression, shear, and combinations thereof affect the formation and criticality of hotspots in RDX, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine. We chose a planar pore configuration consisting of a 40 nm gap and independently control the relative amounts of compressive and shear shock loadings. We find that shear-dominated critical hotspots tend to be smaller but exhibit higher temperatures than uniaxial ones and involve longer reaction time scales. Interestingly, the chemical decomposition mechanisms are affected by the relative amount of dynamical shear and uniaxial loads.
Putting Older Adults in the Driver Seat: Using User Enactment to Explore the Design of a Shared Autonomous Vehicle

Self-driving vehicles have been described as one of the most significant advances in personal mobility of the past century. By minimizing the role of arguably error-prone human drivers, self-driving vehicles are heralded for improving traffic safety. Primarily driven by the technology’s potential impact, there is a rapidly evolving body of literature focused on consumer preferences. Missing, we argue, are studies that explore the needs and design preferences of older adults (60+). This is a significant knowledge gap, given the disproportionate impact that self-driving vehicles may have concerning personal mobility for older adults who are unable or unwilling to drive. Within this paper, we explore the design and interaction preferences of older adults through a series of enactment-based design sessions. This work contributes insights into the needs of older adults, which may prove critical if equal access to emerging self-driving technologies are to be realized.
Comparing Apples to Oranges: Productivity Convergence and Measurement Across Industries and Countries

This paper examines the role of sectors in aggregate convergence for 14 OECD countries during 1970-1987. The major finding is that manufacturing shows little evidence of either labor productivity or multifactor productivity convergence, while other sectors, especially services, are driving the aggregate convergence result. To determine the robustness of the convergence results, the paper introduces a new measure of multifactor productivity which avoids many problems inherent to traditional measures of total factor productivity when comparing productivity levels. The lack of convergence in manufacturing is robust to the method of calculating multifactor productivity.
Compact 3D Thermal Model for VLSI and ULSI Interconnect Network Reliability Verification

A compact 3D thermal model is developed for the quick and accurate thermal characterization of self-heating in Back-End-of-Line (BEoL) interconnect network for reliability assessment. The model offers a more accurate thermal tool compared to the currently used conservative 2D reduced models. Both 2D and 3D reduced models are developed and verified against numerical simulations of different configurations and further validated against thermoreflectance measurements of specially fabricated samples devices. The compact model ultimately provides quick thermal characterizations for vast ICT networks at a fraction of the analysis time and computational cost required for full numeric simulations, with improved accuracy that could reach 20 fold that of currently applied conservative reduced models. When integrated with electrical layout designs, the model would serve as a thermal check on VLSI and ULSI networks to identify thermally critical regions where overheating could lead to degradation and reliability issues.
The use of a triflange salvage system for catastrophic pelvic osteolysis after failed total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Introduction The custom triflange acetabular implant (CTAI) has been described to address catastrophic pelvic osteolysis, but long-term outcome data is scarce. Methods Revision-free survivorship after revision THA with a CTAI was retrospectively reviewed in seven patients. Results Mean and median follow-up time were 7.39 (1.61–16.8) years and 7.50 years, respectively. Revision-free survivorship was 85.7% (6/7). One patient underwent revision for recurrent dislocations. All patients were able to ambulate at recent follow-up— 2/7 without assistance. Conclusions The CTAI is a viable option for patients with catastrophic pelvic osteolysis. There is a high complication rate, but the incidence of revision is low.
Fourth Nerve Palsy

The trochlear nerve directly innervates the superior oblique muscle and is one of three cranial nerves responsible for controlling eye movement. Superior oblique palsy is one of the most common etiologies of a newly acquired vertical diplopia. It is often characterized by its specific deviation pattern on motility examination, in which the affected eye develops a hypertropia, and the overall deviation worsens on contralateral horizontal gaze and ipsilateral head tilt. In cases of suspected fourth nerve palsy, it is also important to consider other differential diagnoses of vertical strabismus including bilateral fourth nerve palsies, skew deviation, myasthenia gravis, and thyroid eye disease. Neuroimaging studies may identify the etiology of a suspected palsy. The treatment options for the diplopia associated with a fourth nerve palsy include prisms, strabismus surgery, and occlusive therapy. Each of these options has its own benefits and limitations.
66) Epidemiology of Supraglottitis and Epiglottitis in Hospitalized Children during 2012

Title Epidemiology of Supraglottitis and Epiglottitis in Hospitalized Children during 2012 Mukul Sehgal, MD, Sruti Aiyaswamy, Mohammed Salameh, MD, Balagangadhar Totapally, MD Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL. Background: The prevalence of supraglottitis and epiglottitis has declined drastically in children compared to pre-vaccine era, with some studies reporting as much as 10 fold decrease (Ref: Faden H. Pediatric Emergency Care. 22(6):443-4, 2006). H inluenzae, which once was a predominant cause responsible for about 85% of cases, is not a leading cause anymore. Objective To evaluate the prevalence, demography, bacteriology, …
Mineral Trespass: Expanded Regulation in the Wake of Technological Advancement

Technological advancements in the oil and gas industry have created challenges for courts and the Texas Railroad Commission regarding how to properly balance the protection of lessors and lessees, while also furthering the public interest of maximizing production. The Texas Railroad Commission currently does not have regulations in place to protect mineral lessors or lessees with respect to spacing between separate leases covering different depths in the vertical plane within the same tract. Without correct spacing regulations from the Railroad Commission, an operator’s production within deeper strata cannot be properly analyzed by courts in trespass actions. The move from vertical to horizontal drilling has enabled operators to use technologic advancements, such as hydraulic fracturing, to obtain oil, gas, and other hydrocarbons that were once thought unattainable. Mineral owners have been given opportunities through oil and gas lease clauses, such as the Pugh clause, to sever their mineral rights and create separate leasehold estates within the same tract of land. Requiring operators to adhere to expanded Rule 37 spacing requirements in the vertical plane would help reduce subsurface trespass claims. The Texas Railroad Commission should expand Rule 37 to apply to horizontal severances in the vertical plane, as well as offset lease lines. Courts should reshape subsurface trespass analyses by balancing multiple factors. In the absence of clear and convincing evidence of a physical intrusion, future courts should analyze and balance the following factors for subsurface trespass claims: (i) public interest in exploration, or the interests of society; (ii) speculation versus evidence of a physical intrusion based on a reasonable and prudent operator standard; (iii) the degree of waste from allowing production versus not allowing production; and (iv) harm to the geologic formation. The proposed spacing regulations would have positive effects on all parties to an oil and gas lease by mitigating subsurface trespass claims, creating efficient drainage, and preventing both surface and economic waste. Further, courts have yet to address the issue of subsurface trespass and the impact of the rule of capture regarding multiple wells drilled on the same tract in the vertical plane. In the absence of adequate spacing requirements in the vertical plane, courts should employ a holistic analysis for subsurface trespass claims and consider multiple elements rather than solely the public interest.
Please, Don't Fly Me to the Moon.

Years after the publication of “Helpful Lessons and Cautionary Tales: How Should COVID-19 Drug Development and Access Inform Approaches to Non-Pandemic Disease?” I hope it continues to animate and ...
Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides and Conversion to Glycolipids

Publisher Summary There has also been a growing interest in the application of carbohydrates as pharmaceutical drugs in the field of invasive bacterial diseases, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections. Chemical oligosaccharide synthetic procedures often require tedious protection and deprotection steps. Enzymatic synthesis offers tremendous benefits because of its high regio- and stereoselectivities, stability, organic solvent compatibility, and low cost. Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of carbohydrates has been recognized as one of the most practical approaches for its high efficiency and specificity under very mild conditions. The two main obstacles in the enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates are the inadequate availability of glycosyltransferases and the high cost of sugar nucleotides, which serve as intermediates. Significant progress in the study of the enzymatic biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates has been made with developments in protein purification, molecular genetics, and new methods of enzymological analysis. Bioinformatics provide a large amount of putative candidates for carbohydrate active enzymes. The combined enzymatic and genetic approach has overcome formidable obstacles ubiquitous to the study of glycans, and has begun to yield new information that definitively addresses basic enzymological issues relevant to these complex carbohydrates. In fact, complex carbohydrates representing the glycan chain of gangliosides such as GT2, GM1, and GD1a were synthesized using glycosyltransferases. Although traditional cell-free enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides will continue to be used in laboratory scale synthesis, the future direction for large-scale preparation of complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides will be whole-cell systems. Further development of these enzymatic methods will allow synthetic biochemists to create important molecular tools for biochemical, biophysical, and medical applications.
Obscurity and Privacy

‘Obscurity’ is a distinctive concept in the privacy literature that has recently been gaining attention due to increasing frustration with the theoretical and practical limits of traditional privacy theory. Obscurity identifies some of the fundamental ways information can be obtained or kept out of reach, correctly interpreted or misunderstood. Appeals to obscurity can generate explanatory power, clarifying how advances in the sciences of data collection and analysis, innovation in domains related to information and communication technology, and changes to social norms can alter the privacy landscape and give rise to three core problems: 1) new breaches of etiquette, 2) new privacy interests, and 3) new privacy harms. This entry reviews the concept of obscurity and its theoretical, legal, normative, and technical foundations.
Fan work: Labor, worth, and participation in fandom's gift economy

Fandom's gift economy should be understood as involving a wide variety of gifts, a complex system of reciprocation, and the use of gifts as a sign of their reception.
Guidelines for land‐treating petroleum hydrocarbon‐contaminated soils

Abstract During land treatment, environmental parameters are optimized to achieve the fastest and most complete biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons present in contaminated soils. This article provides specific guidelines for optimization of the land treatment process at a field site. In particular, the necessary steps in the land treatment procedure are outlined in the time sequence expected under field conditions. Specific steps include sampling and site assessment, determination of contaminant levels and characteristics, estimation of biodegradation potential, estimation of bacterial numbers in soil, design of the land treatment unit, adjustment of the soil pH and moisture content, addition of nutrient fertilizers and bulking agents, operation of the land treatment unit involving tilling and irrigation, periodic monitoring of specific environmental parameters, and final closure of the site. In addition, a number of examples are used to familiarize the reader with the numerical calculations involved...
The Ineffective Psychotherapy Supervisor

ABSTRACT In developing the most comprehensive picture of the clinical supervision endeavor, it is important that both the “good” and the “badrdquo; be examined. While some attention in the supervision literature has been given to identifying effective supervisor behaviors, ineffective supervisor behaviors seemingly have been a subject of less substantive focus overall. What are bad, poor, ineffective supervision behaviors anyway-what do we know about them? Furthermore, what is an ineffective supervisory style? How might it develop and persist over time?s In this paper, an effort is made to address those questions. Specifically, relevant literature on the topic is reviewed, some theory-driven reflections are offered, and some conceptual, research, and practical implications are presented. This discussion provides an antithetical complement of sorts to thinking about good supervision behaviors, process, and outcomes.
SEXUAL-MINORITY COLLEGE WOMEN's EXPERIENCES WITH DISCRIMINATION: RELATIONS WITH IDENTITY AND COLLECTIVE ACTION

This study examined sexual-minority women's reports of sexism, heterosexism, and gendered heterosexism (discrimination that is both sexist and heterosexist) as predictors of social identity and col...
Sequential Florivory/Saproflorivory of Anaxagorea crassipetala (Annonaceae) by Diathoneura tessellata (Drosophilidae)

Diathoneura tessellata Duda, 1925 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) uniquely and effectively uses the fleshy tepals of Anaxagorea crassipetala (Annonaceae), a small, understory tree of the primary lowland rain forest of Costa Rica, as a larval substrate and pupation site. This study is the first to document 1) the brood substrate for larvae of this species and the 2) use of flowers in the Annonaceae as a drosophilid larval substrate. Oviposition into the tough, immature flower buds is made possible by an enlarged oviscape. This relationship is unique in that these flowers support two sequential cohorts of larvae, one cohort mining the living tepals of immature and mature flowers and the second cohort consuming the fallen, postanthesis tepals. We refer to this phenomenon as sequential florivory/saproflorivory. The first cohort consists of fewer, larger larvae, whereas the second cohort consists of more numerous, smaller larvae. Both cohorts exhibit a female skewed sex ratio.
On the last exit time and the number of exits of partial sums over a moving boundary

Abstract Let X, X1, X2… be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with EX = 0 and EX2 = 1. Let Sn = X1 + … + Xn and define, for D > 0, the number of exits N D ∑ n=1 ∞ I |S n | ⩾ D(n log log n) 1 2 , and the last exit time L D − sup n:|S n | ⩾ D(n log log n) 1 2 , If D2 > 2 then the law of the iterated logarithm says that ND and LD are random variables having proper distributions. In this paper we investigate the moment behavior of g(ND) and g(LD) for various g.
Tertiarybutylarsine and tertiarybutylphosphine for the MOCVD growth of low threshold 1.55 mm In x Ga 1−x As/InP quantum-well lasers

Tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) and teriarybutylphosphine (TBP) are liquid organometallic sources that are a safer alternative to arsine and phosphine. In this work, we have grown high-quality In0.53Ga0.47As/InP quantum wells at a temperature of 590° with TBA and TBP partial pressures of 0.4 and 2.5 Torr, respectively. A low-temperature photoluminescence study indicated optimized column V growth interruption times of 0.5 s for In0.53Ga0.47As wells with InP barriers. Using the optimized growth conditions, we have obtained lattice matched In0.53Ga0.47As/InxGa1-xAsyP1-x single quantum-well lasers emitting at 1.55 μm. Broad-area devices with a length of 3.5 mm exhibit a low threshold current density of 220A/cm2. Broad-area lasers containing four quantum wells had a threshold current density of 300A/cm2 for a 3.0 mm cavity length and CW powers of 40 mW per facet for an as-cleaved 4 × 750 μm device.
Biotin Deficiency in a Patient with Short Bowel Syndrome during Home Parenteral Nutrition

A 54-year-old woman with short bowel syndrome was supported with home parenteral nutrition. Six months after receiving 2200 kcal/day of balanced home parenteral nutrition without biotin, she developed biotin deficiency with complete hair loss, eczematous dermatitis, waxy pallor, lethargy, and hypersthesias . Blood and urine samples were collected prior to treatment. Serum zinc was 64 micrograms/dl (nl 50-150 micrograms/dl), and the triene/tetraene ratio was 0.068 (nl 0.4), thereby ruling out zinc and essential fatty acid deficiencies. Serum biotin was 332 pg/ml (nl 520 +/- 220 pg/ml), and urine biotin was 5.22 ng/mg of creatinine (nl 4.3-95 with a mean of 30.2 ng/mg creatinine). The same parenteral nutrition regimen was contained and oral biotin was administered (10 mg/day). After 3 wk, serum and urine biotin levels were 650 pg/ml and 35.6 ng/mg creatinine, respectively. New hair growth was evident and all of her other symptoms resolved. Intravenous biotin was then provided (5 mg/day) for a month after which serum and urine biotin levels were 1316 pg/ml and 178 ng/mg creatine, respectively. The patient has been subsequently maintained on an intravenous multivitamin product containing 60 micrograms biotin per daily dose and remains free of signs and symptoms of biotin deficiency.
Environmental and allele-specific influences on T cell receptor gene rearrangement: skewed α, δ and γ gene rearrangement patterns in chimeric mice

This study was performed as a means to examine the effects of environment and stem cell origin on the molding of T cell receptor gene rearrangements during T cell development. Lethally irradiated adult mice were first reconstituted with (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 stem cells, which derived either from a fetal liver or adult bone marrow source. The gene rearrangements in the irradiated thymi were then compared to those in normal fetal or adult thymi by hybridoma analysis. Results showed a general absence of gene rearrangements typical of the normal fetal thymus in both sets of chimeras. alpha and gamma gene rearrangements in chimeric mice matched normal adult patterns. However, chimeric thymocytes were unique in an unusually low frequency of rearrangements at the delta locus. The use of the bone marrow vs. fetal liver as stem cell sources in chimeric mice did not affect the patterns, indicating that environmental factors played a major role in the molding of gene rearrangement at multiple T cell receptor loci. Interestingly, the chromosomal sequence added an additional influence as homologous chromosomes showed allele-specific rearrangement patterns. We now question whether the unique patterns of rearrangement in irradiated adult thymi may substantially affect developing T cell populations in chimeric animals, particularly with regard to the gamma/delta T cell subset. Further analyses are warranted, both in experimental and clinical settings, regarding ultimate potentials for T cell diversity and function in transplantation recipients.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Hot-Rolled TRIP Steel Containing Vanadium

Laboratory hot rolling experiments on a low-carbon TRIP steel containing vanadium have been carried out to study the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties. The results showed that the multiphase microstructure with ferrite, granular bainite and retained austenite could be obtained if the finish rolling initial temperature was properly decreased and the finishing temperature was controlled in the range of Ae3~ Ar3, and the tensile strength achieved 930 MPa or above. The average ferrite grain size was about 4.5 μm in this experiment, the vanadium nitrides and vanadium carbides precipitated dispersedly within ferritic grains or at grain boundaries, and the higher dislocation density existed in ferrite matrix. EBSD analyses revealed that the high angle boundaries accounted for a large proportion and the misorientation angles were within the interval between 29° and 60° mostly. When the finishing temperature was 800°C and the final air cooling temperature was 630°C, the steel had excellent mechanical properties, which was characterized by combination of high strength(about 930MPa), high elongation(21.7%), low yield/strength ratio(0.49) and as well as high work-hardening exponent(0.23).
Tobacco quitlines need to assess and intervene with callers' hazardous drinking.

BACKGROUND: Based on published data showing that daily smokers have high rates of hazardous drinking and higher rates of smoking relapse, we hypothesized that New York State Smokers' Quitline (NYSSQL) callers would exhibit elevated rates of risky drinking and risky drinking callers would report lower rates of smoking cessation. METHODS: We assessed rates of hazardous drinking among 88,479 callers to the NYSSQL using modified NIAAA guidelines. Using 2 routine NYSSQL short-term follow-up interviews (n = 14,123 and n = 24,579) and a 3-month follow-up interview (n = 2,833), we also compared smoking cessation rates for callers who met criteria for hazardous drinking compared to moderate drinkers and nondrinkers. RESULTS: At baseline, 56% of callers reported drinking, and 23% reported hazardous drinking using modified NIAAA guidelines. Hazardous drinkers did not differ on measures of smoking cessation outcomes compared to nondrinkers but did have lower smoking cessation rates compared to persons who reported moderate alcohol consumption for the enhanced services program 1-week follow-up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.01, 1.17], p = 0.04) and the standard 2-week follow-up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.07, 1.29], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a quarter of smokers calling the NYSSQL reported a hazardous drinking pattern, which was associated with lower cessation outcomes compared to those who reported a moderate drinking profile. Given the large number of high-risk drinkers who can be identified through a quitline, tobacco quitlines may provide a venue for providing brief alcohol interventions to these high-risk drinkers. Future studies should evaluate whether a brief alcohol intervention would result in improved smoking cessation rates for hazardous drinking smokers. Language: en
Typical and Atypical Presentations of Testicular Carcinoma

Testicular carcinoma most commonly presents as a testicular mass. Approxiately 10-15% of patients, however, present with manifestations of metastatic disease. The reported clinical presentations of metastatic testicular carcinoma are varied and include abdominal mass, hemoptysis, adenopathy, respiratory difficulty, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lumbar back pain, and lower extremity swelling. A comprehensive review of the literature indicated that testicular carcinoma presents as a testicular abnormality 90% of the time. In 10% of cases, however, the patients will present with nontesticular manifestations of metastatic disease. The authors provide a summary of reported nontesticular presentations of testis cancer and describe a unique case wherein the clinical presentation was spontaneous ejaculatory failure.
Cat‐scratch disease simulating malignant lymphoma

A six-year-old girl with induration, swelling and discoloration of the lower eyelid, a temporal mass, preauricular adenopathy and enlarged parotid gland, underwent biopsy, She was initially diagnosed as having a malignant disorder of histiocytic origin. All lesions resolved without therapy. Further evaluation revealed that the child had oculoglandular cat-scratch disease. Cat-scratch disease should be added to the list of nonmalignant disorders which may simulate a malignant neoplasm in its clinical and histologic appearance. Recognition of this fact is important in order to avoid erroneous diagnosis, unnecessary procedures and hazardous therapy.
Personality type and clinical evaluations in an obstetrics/gynecology medical student clerkship.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is associated with clinical evaluation ratings that students earn during their (obstetrics/gynecology) junior medical student clerkship. Study design: The Myers-Briggs type inventory was administered to medical students during their obstetrics/gynec clerkship. Bivariate correlations between clinical evaluations, National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores, and data from the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion scale were analyzed. Results: Pearson product-moment correlation between clinical and National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores was not significant (r = .25; P = .05). The National Board of Medical Examiners did not show significant correlations with the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion data. The clinical evaluations showed a significant correlation (r = .35; P = .005) with Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion. Conclusion: Results show that Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is correlated positively with clinical evaluations. The National Board of Medical Examiners subject examination and clinical evaluations were not correlated significantly. Findings question whether clinical evaluation data should be included in the obstetrics/gynecology medical student evaluation process.
Intra-Arterial Eptifibatide in the Management of Thromboembolism during Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Case Series and a Review of the Literature

Objectives: Thromboembolic complications are well recognized during the endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms. In this study, we present a case series of 40 patients with intraprocedural thrombotic complications who were treated with intra-arterial eptifibatide (IAE), and a review of the literature. Methods: Twenty-five patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA), 10 with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) and 5 with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm (VSP) received IAE for intraprocedural thrombi during endovascular treatment. Rates of recanalization, strokes, and hemorrhagic complications were assessed. Results: Recanalization was achieved in 96% (24/25) of the RIA patients [72% (18/25) complete; 24% (6/25) partial], in 100% (10/10) of the UIA patients [90% (9/10) complete; 10% (1/10) partial], and in 100% (5/5) of the VSP patients [80% (4/5) complete; 20% (1/5) partial]. Strokes following intraprocedural thrombosis were coil-related (20%, 5/25) or stent-related (12%, 3/25) in RIA patients, stent-related (10%, 1/10) in UIA patients, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II-related (60%, 3/5) or vasospasm-related (20%, 1/5) in VSP patients. There were no intracerebral hemorrhagic complications in UIA. Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in 20% of the RIA patients (5/25), all of whom had received intra-arterial thrombolytics and/or high-dose heparin infusion in addition to IAE; in 12%, this was external ventricular drain-related (3/25), 4% had parenchymal hematoma type 1 (1/25), and 4% parenchymal hematoma type 2 (1/25). One of the 5 VSP patients, who had received argatroban in addition to IAE, had parenchymal hematoma type 1. No clinically significant systemic hemorrhage was observed in this study. Conclusion: Treatment of thromboembolic complications with IAE during endovascular management of aneurysms was effective in achieving recanalization and overall well tolerated in this series.
On the Miele-Iyer modified quasilinearization method

This paper provides an alternative derivation of the equations of the Miele-Iyer method. Furthermore, it establishes the conditions under which the method converges.
WHO AMBUSHED AIRLINE DEREGULATION

SUBTITLE: IN THE WAKE OF THE PHENOMENAL SUCCESS OF FREQUENT FLIER PROGRAMS, THE PROBLEMS SPAWNED BY DEREGULATION NOW THREATEN THE U.S. INDUSTRY'S WORLD MARKET DOMINANCE.
Immunological control of herpes simplex virus infections

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is capable of causing a latent infection in sensory neurons that lasts for the lifetime of the host. The primary infection is resolved following the induction of the innate immune response that controls replication of the virus until the adaptive immune response can clear the active infection. HSV-1-specific CD8+ T cells survey the ganglionic regions containing latently infected neurons and participate in preventing reactivation of HSV from latency. The long-term residence and migration dynamics of the T cells in the trigeminal ganglia appear to distinguish them from the traditional memory T cell subsets. Recently described tissue resident memory (TRM) T cells establish residence and survive for long periods in peripheral tissue compartments following antigen exposure. This review focuses on the immune system response to HSV-1 infection. Particular emphasis is placed on the evidence pointing to the HSV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in the trigeminal belonging to the TRM class of memory T cells and the role of TRM cells in virus infection, pathogenesis, latency, and disease.
Political Sophistication and Policy Reasoning: A Reconsideration

The sophistication-interaction theory of mass policy reasoning, which posits that the strength of the relationship between abstract principles and policy preferences is conditional on political sophistication, dominates the study of public opinion. This article argues that the sophistication-interaction theory does not hold to the degree the consensus claims. Specifically, it challenges the proposition that sophistication promotes the use of domain-specific beliefs and values. Analysis of 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1990 NES data yields two compelling findings. First, a series of confirmatory factor analyses indicate that beliefs about equal opportunity, self-reliance, and limited government in the social welfare domain and about militarism and anticommunism in the foreign policy domain are structured coherently and equivalently in the minds of citizens at different levels of sophistication. Second, structural equation model results demonstrate that political sophistication does not systematically enhance the impact these principles have on policy preferences.
Effect of Racemic and (+)- and (−)-Gossypol on the Survival and Development of Helicoverpa zea Larvae

Gossypol is a sesquiterpene that occurs naturally in seed and other parts of the cotton plant. Because of restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond, it occurs naturally as enantiomeric mixtures with (+)-gossypol to (-)-gossypol ratios that vary between 97:3 and 31:69. Commercial cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) normally exhibit an approximate 3:2 ratio. (+)-Gossypol is significantly less toxic than (-)-gossypol to nonruminant animals; thus, cottonseed containing high levels of (+)-gossypol might be safely fed to nonruminants. Gossypol, however, is an important component in the cotton plant's defense against insect herbivores, but it is not known how cotton plants that exhibit high levels of (+)-gossypol in the foliage might be affected by insect herbivory. To address this question, 1-d-old Helicoverpa zea larvae were fed diets with 0.16, 0.20, and 0.24% racemic, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol. Larval pupal weights, days-to-pupation, and survival were adversely affected by all gossypol diets compared with the control diet. Statistical differences were determined by comparing the compounds among themselves at the three levels and between the three compounds at the same level. When the compounds were compared among themselves, no large differences were observed in pupal weights or in days-to-pupation among any of the diets. Among the three compounds, at the 0.16% level, the diet containing racemic gossypol was the most effective at reducing survival. At the 0.20 and 0.24% levels of racemic (+)- and (-)-gossypol, survival was not statistically different. The overall results indicate that (+)-gossypol is as inhibitory to H. zea larvae as racemic or (-)-gossypol, and thus, cotton plants containing predominantly the (+)-enantiomer in foliage may maintain significant defense against insect herbivory.
Understanding Electricity and Magnetism

(1988). Understanding Electricity and Magnetism. Science Activities: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 18-19.
Photochemistry of 6-substituted 2-methyl-2-alkoxycarbonylcyclohexanones

David S. Weiss Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Received inUSd 17 November 1977; received inUK for publication 30 JanaarY x978) Ketone photochemistry, 1 the Norrish type I reaction of cyclic ketones in particular, has received considerable mechanistic attention2 and some synthetic application. 3 The primary photoproduct of this reaction, an acyl alkyl biradical, can and often does cascade to a multitude of products the variety apparently being determined mainly by structural features in the biradical. Therefore, a knowledge of these features is obviously of considerable relevance in terms of biradical chemistry as well as for the rational design of synthetic applications of ketone photochemistry. Recently, some of the effects of molecular structure on the disproportionation reactions resulting in alkenals and ketenes, 2 and the oxycarbene producing ring closure, 4 have been elucidated. Our interest is in the decarbonylation reaction, and although it has been known for some time that radical stabilizing substituents facilitate photochemical acleavage 1,2 as well as acyl radical decarbonylation, 5 studies were often carried out on molecules in which processes other than decarbonylation were structurally suppressed. We wish to report our results on the photochemistry of three 2-methyl-2-alkoxycarbonylcyclohexanones in which the competition between decarbonylation, disproportionation and reclosure of the acyl alkyl biradical intermediate has been quantitatively determined as a function of structure. Irradiation of compounds l-3 in cyclohexane-methanol(ethano1) resulted in -the products shown with the indicated quantum yields. 6 The reactions of 1 and 2 were quenched with trans-1,3-pentadiene resulting in nonlinear Stern-Volmer behavior and the formation of new, unidentified, products. However, by taking the Stern-Volmer slopes from the linear, low quencher concentration portion of the plots, 7 we estimate that T -1 =6x10gsec -1 for both 1 and 2. 8 Assuming tha-L the rate of a-cleavage is influenced only by the a-substituents and that this determines the triplet lifetime (-c -1 = 1.1 x 177 set -1 for cyclohexanone,' T-1 = 2.6 x lo* set -1 for 2-methylcyclohexanone,' and T -1 = 1.8 x 10' set -' for 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanonel' ),we predict that about lOO%, 96% and 77% of the cleavage should occur at I, 2 and 3, respectively the a-carbon bearing the alkoxycarbonyl substituent in The increased rate of cleavage occasioned by the
De novo AVM formation

Dear Editor: We read with great interest the recent report by Yeo and colleagues [2] describing two cases of de novo AVMs in children. Their cases and literature review provide further evidence that AVMs, especially in children, are dynamic lesions that can appear and change throughout a patient’s lifetime. Our recent publication [1], which was not included in their review, provides another case example of de novo formation of a pediatric AVM. Like the majority of patients described in their review, our patient had a history of a possible inciting event (a severe traumatic brain injury) that may have contributed to formation of the AVM. Additionally, the patient we described presented with seizures, as did one of the patients described by Yeo and colleagues. This reinforces the fact that new neurologic symptoms must be investigated with appropriate studies even in patients who have previously undergone neuroimaging.
Calculation of Equilibrium Compositions of Biochemical Reaction Systems Involving Water as a Reactant

In the thermodynamic treatment of reactions involving water as a reactant in dilute aqueous solutions, the activity of water is taken as unity in expressions for equilibrium constants, but the calculation of equilibrium constants using tables involves the standard Gibbs energy of formation of water. This convention, which is quite satisfactory for simple systems, causes problems in the thermodynamics of biochemical reaction systems in dilute aqueous solutions. One reason is that the identification of components in these systems is very important, and this involves the use of conservation matrixes and stoichiometric number matrixes. These matrixes can be interconverted, and this is especially useful in computer programs for calculating equilibrium compositions. When water is a reactant in a system of reactions, there is a sense in which oxygen atoms are not conserved because they can be brought into reactants or expelled from reactants without altering the activity of water in the solution. These problems ...
A Case of Generativity in a Culturally and Linguistically Complex English Language Arts Classroom.

This article examines an ESL English language arts teacher’s conceptions of linguistic diversity, literacy learning and her role as teacher in a culturally and linguistically complex classroom. It further examines her processes of learning about, and developing curricular and pedagogical innovations to meet, her students’ learning needs. The successes and paradoxes of, as well as constraints to, those efforts are explored. The paper uses Ball’s theory of generativity and recent research on effective English language arts instruction in culturally and linguistically complex classrooms to facilitate analysis. It offers some implications for teachers’ development of generativity for teaching culturally and linguistically diverse students.
Human embryonic stem cell and embryonic germ cell lines

Undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic germ (EG) cells can be cultured indefinitely and yet maintain the potential to form many or all of the differentiated cells in the body. Human ES and EG cells provide an exciting new model for understanding the differentiation and function of human tissue, offer new strategies for drug discovery and testing, and promise new therapies based on the transplantation of ES and EG cell-derived tissues.
Evaluation of kinetic parameters appropriate for modeling urethane foam insulation performance

Computer codes which model the pyrolysis of thermal insulators for in-depth temperature response are particularly sensitive to the kinetic parameters used in the code. The parameter values, which are evaluated from thermogravimetric analysis (TG), are, in turn, sensitive to the heating and gas flow rates in the TG sample environment as well as the composition of the gas. In this study, the effects of these experimental variables on computer code predictions and their correlations with experimental data are demonstrated. The insulators are urethane foams and were subjected to simulated and actual instantaneous fire test conditions. The Charring Material Ablation computer code was used to model insulator performance.
Blood pressure and cerebral oxygenation responses to skeletal muscle tension : a comparison of two physical maneuvers to prevent vasovagal reactions

Summary Aim: The present study compared blood pressure, heart rate, and cerebral oxygenation responses to two manipulations used to prevent vasovagal reaction – skeletal muscle tensing alone and skeletal muscle tensing with leg crossing. Methods and Results: Using a repeated measures within-subjects design, healthy young adults engaged in a brief laboratory protocol that included an initial 3 min resting baseline, 3 min of muscle tensing (or no-tensing control), and a 1 min orthostatic challenge. This sequence was repeated three times for each participant to allow for a direct comparison of physiological responses to two different muscle-tensing manipulations as compared to the no-tensing control condition. Results indicated that, relative to the no-tensing, both muscle tensing manipulations elicited significant increases in systolic blood pressure (8·7 ± 1·1 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (4·9 ± 0·6 mmHg), and heart rate (10·9 ± 0·9 bpm), while a significant increase in cerebral oxygenation was only observed in response to muscle tensing with legs crossed (0·8 ± 0·2%). Blood pressure and heart rate responses to orthostatic challenge did not differ between the two tensing manipulations, although muscle tensing with legs crossed was followed by a more rapid recovery of cerebral oxygenation levels. Conclusion: These findings suggest that muscle tensing elicits physiological adaptations that may help reduce the risk of vasovagal reactions; however, the combination of lower body tension with the legs crossed is likely to be most effective as it was uniquely associated with significant increases in the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain.
Description Of The Dynamic Infrared Background/Target Simulator (DIBS)

Description of the dynamic infrared background /target simulator (DIBS)Ignacio LujanU.S. Army Vulnerability Assessment LaboratoryWhite Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 88002 -5513ABSTRACTThe purpose of the Dynamic Infrared Background /Target Simulator (DIBS) is to projectdynamic infrared scenes to a test sensor; as an example, a missile seeker that is sensi-tive to infrared energy. The projected scene will include target(s) and background.This system was designed to present flicker -free infrared scenes in the 8pm to 12pmwavelength region. The major subassemblies of the DIBS are the Laser Write System (LWS),Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) modulator assembly, Scene Data Buffer (SpB), and the Optical