cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE, LONELINESS, AND EMPATHY IN PROFESSIONAL CAREGIVERS

Retaining professional caregivers is an ongoing challenge for home care agencies. Thus, understanding emotional factors associated with caregiver burnout is critical. While professional caregivers are at risk for burnout and loneliness, less is known about how these factors relate to empathy and professional quality of life. Professional caregivers (n=31) currently employed at two U.S. non-skilled home care agencies participated by completing several questionnaires. Surveys included: UCLA Loneliness Scale (loneliness), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy), and the Professional Quality of Life Scale (compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout). Participants were adults (M=56.8, SD=11.5, Range=24-75 years; 90.3% female) who had obtained an Associates degree (education years: M=14.2, SD=1.7). Overall, participants reported average to high levels of loneliness (M=37.5, SD=9.8), and emotional (M=23.2, SD=3.7) and cognitive (M=20.3, SD=4.6) empathy. Caregivers generally reported positive feelings about their work (compassion satisfaction: M=42.8, SD=5.0) and low levels of burnout (M=17.1, SD=4.2). In contrast, they reported relatively high levels of compassion fatigue (M=17.7, SD=4.0). Burnout was positively associated with compassion fatigue (r=.7, p<.001), and loneliness (r=.5, p=.004), whereas a negative association was found between burnout and cognitive empathy (r=-.5, p=.008). Using a linear regression, the associations between compassion fatigue, loneliness, and cognitive empathy were examined in relation to burnout. This model was statistically significant (r2=.72; F change (3,21)=17.8, p<.001), but only compassion fatigue (p=.002) and cognitive empathy (p=.002) were significant predictors of burnout. This study highlights the importance of the contributing role of socioemotional factors to burnout experienced in a professional caregiving setting.
Scalable tiled silicon-photonic 2D wavelength-steered optical beam LIDAR apertures (Conference Presentation)

We describe a scalable, tiled optical beam steering aperture based on integrated silicon photonic circuit beam steering tiles. A novel beam steering tile design, the serpentine optical phased array (SOPA), enables high fill factor tiled apertures, very low control complexity, an entirely passive aperture, large field of view, and extremely fast beam steering. The design provides low size, weight, and power, making it scalable to large-area (cm-to-wafer scale) apertures. We show experimental demonstrations of SOPA tiles steering an optical beam in two dimensions (2D) enabling a full 2D raster scan using wavelength sweep alone, and initial tiling and lidar demonstrations.
chapter 11 – Lifecycle Management

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the two lifecycle management solutions offered by the WS-ResourceLifetime specification. Because lifecycle management mainly makes sense when there are several resources, the examples focus on explaining what modifications are necessary to the example seen in the factory/instance example. The version of that example with the lifecycle modifications can be found in directory EXAMPLES_DIR/org/globus/examples/services/core/rl/. Immediate destruction is the simplest type of lifecycle management. It allows to request that a resource be destroyed immediately by invoking a destroy operation in the instance service. Scheduled destruction is a more elaborate form of resource lifecycle management, as it allows specifying exactly when the resource is to be destroyed. The main application of scheduled destruction is to perform lease-based lifecycle management, where initially the destruction time of a resource is set some time in the future. This is called the lease. The application must periodically renew the lease (setting the destruction time another 5 minutes in the future), or the resource will eventually be destroyed. This will allow the application to purge resources from services that for some reason (network failure, programmer errors) have become unavailable (and therefore can't receive the lease renewal). Java WS Core includes an interface called RemoveCallback that, when implemented by a resource class, will allow to perform an action when the resource is going to be destroyed. GT4 includes a set of command-line clients one can use to destroy a resource or modify its termination time without having to write a client specifically for a certain service.
One for Many: Transfer Learning for Building HVAC Control

The design of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is critically important, as it accounts for around half of building energy consumption and directly affects occupant comfort, productivity, and health. Traditional HVAC control methods are typically based on creating explicit physical models for building thermal dynamics, which often require significant effort to develop and are difficult to achieve sufficient accuracy and efficiency for runtime building control and scalability for field implementations. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising data-driven method that provides good control performance without analyzing physical models at runtime. However, a major challenge to DRL (and many other data-driven learning methods) is the long training time it takes to reach the desired performance. In this work, we present a novel transfer learning based approach to overcome this challenge. Our approach can effectively transfer a DRL-based HVAC controller trained for the source building to a controller for the target building with minimal effort and improved performance, by decomposing the design of neural network controller into a transferable front-end network that captures building-agnostic behavior and a back-end network that can be efficiently trained for each specific building. We conducted experiments on a variety of transfer scenarios between buildings with different sizes, numbers of thermal zones, materials and layouts, air conditioner types, and ambient weather conditions. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in significantly reducing the training time, energy cost, and temperature violations.
The improbable challenge of managing students’ challenging behaviors in schools: Professional reflections from a 30 year career

Managing students’ challenging behaviors is one of the most difficult tasks teachers face. Many teachers, during their training, were never required to take a class in behavior management. Consequently, it does not come naturally for teachers to manage students’ challenging behaviors and will be rarely be effectively addressed for two reasons: (1) certain teacher characteristics regarding behavior management and (2) some dimensions of school culture. The philosophical linchpin is not an inability of teachers to learn effective behavior management techniques, but rather what they believeabout the process. This article addresses teacher and school variables and offers alternative ideas about managing students’ behaviors more effectively.
Preferences for Written and Spoken Expressions of Thanks Among American Professionals

Expressing thanks in the workplace involves thoughtfulness and skill. Based on a gratitude journaling exercise over the course of a month by 58 American professionals (Study 1) and a survey of over...
Quantum computing and single-qubit measurements using the spin filter effect

Many things will have to go right for quantum computation to become a reality in the lab. For any of the presently-proposed approaches involving spin states in solids, an essential requirement is that these spins should be measured at the single-Bohr-magneton level. Fortunately, quantum computing provides a suggestion for a new approach to this seemingly almost impossible task: convert the magnetization into a charge, and measure the charge. I show how this might be done by exploiting the spin filter effect provided by ferromagnetic tunnel barriers, used in conjunction with one-electron quantum dots.
Commentary: Rethinking Educational Leadership and Policy in Schools in Challenging Circumstances

As Arar and Orucu note in their introduction to this special issue, research interest in the leadership of schools confronting challenging circumstances continues to grow. From a personal perspecti...
Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

Within the past decade it has become remarkably clear that the molecular components involved in basic cellular function and dysfunction are highly conserved across phyla from single cell organisms to humans. The high sequence similarities within eukaryotes and the advent of molecular technologies now allow us to utilize genetic models such as the nematode C. elegans to begin to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in human neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter we will briefly summarize recent advances using the nematode C. elegans to model a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and hereditary spastic paraplegia, and describe how this relatively simple animal is being utilized to identify putative endogenous and exogenous molecules that may contribute to the disease. We also describe how this genetically tractable organism is amenable to high throughput technologies to identify novel drug targets and potential therapeutic leads to combat these devastating neurological disorders.
Locked scapula: intrathoracic dislocation of the inferior angle. A case report.

An unusual traumatic dislocation of the inferior angle of the scapula between the fourth and fifth ribs is presented. The diagnosis of locked scapula was suspected on physical examination but could be confirmed only by anterior oblique roentgenographic views of the chest cage and by axial tomography. Operative reduction two months after injury produced a full return of function.
An economic study of soybean marketing (Glycine max) in Bundi district of Rajasthan

Soybean is a major oilseed crop of Rajasthan The multi-stage random sampling method was used for present study in Bundi district. The analysis of net share revealed that channel II was more remunerative because farmer's share in consumer rupee was highest (70.33 per cent). The net share of commission agent was involved only in channel IV. It has 0.85 per cent share in consumer rupee. The net share of wholesaler was higher in channel I (3.59 per cent), ITC (3.84 per cent) in channel II and Tilam Sangh (6.80 per cent) in channel III, (6.04 per cent) in channel IV respectively). The net share of miller was highest 12.54 per cent in channel I. Price spread was maximum in channel I (32.90 per cent) followed by channel IV (30.31 per cent), channel I (31.16 per cent), and channel II (29.66 per cent). The high fluctuation in price was reported as the main constraint in marketing of soybean by small (93 per cent), medium (83 per cent) and large farmers (42 per cent). The delay in payment of produce on its sale was highlighted by small farms (60 per cent) followed by medium farmers (58 per cent) and large farmers (50 per cent). Small farmers (61 per cent) highlighted poor transportation facility followed by medium farmers (42 per cent) and large farmers (33 per cent). The study suggested that there should be control on price fluctuation of produce and government should increase cooperative marketing and technological changes in the study area.
Embedded image coding using zeroblocks of subband/wavelet coefficients and context modeling

In this paper, we present a new embedded wavelet image coding system using quadtree splitting and context modeling. It features low computational complexity and high compression efficiency, thanks to joint utilization of two powerful embedded coding techniques-set partitioning and context modeling. With effective exploitation of strong statistical dependencies among the quadtree nodes built up from subband coefficients, the proposed algorithm substantially improves the coding efficiency of the existing set-partition coders for both lossy and lossless image compression. For example, our experimental results show that the new algorithm respectively outperforms zerotree-based SPIHT and quadtree-based SPECK by 0.7 dB and 1.0 dB at 0.5 bpp on an average.
Dark-adapted thresholds in children with histories of mild retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that rod-mediated visual thresholds at 10 degrees eccentricity are elevated in children with histories of mild retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS Dark-adapted thresholds for detection of 50 msec, 2 degrees diameter spots at a 10 degrees eccentric site, and at a peripheral reference site, 30 degrees eccentric, were measured in 20 children with a history of mild ROP and known courses of refractive development. Ten myopic control subjects also were tested. The thresholds of the ROP and control subjects were compared. RESULTS Six of the subjects with ROP had elevated thresholds at the 10 degrees site. High myopia had been present since age 18 months or younger in each of the six. The thresholds of all other subjects with ROP, whose courses of refractive development had been toward emmetropia, and the control subjects with myopia were normal. In subjects with ROP, the association of early, persistent high myopia and an elevated threshold at 10 degrees was significant (chi 2 = 20; P < 0.01). Among the subjects with ROP, refractive error and axial length were correlated. CONCLUSIONS ROP or factors causing ROP appear to alter rod-mediated retinal function. The association of abnormal rod-mediated sensitivity and refractive development suggests that rod-mediated retinal function is involved in the regulation of eye growth in children with a history of mild ROP.
Mental representations as an underlying mechanism for human performance

This chapter presents a theoretical framework, which is supported by empirical evidence, where changes in human performance are accounted for by changes in mental representation structure (MRS). More specifically, the knowledge base, represented in the form of mental representations, controls the perceptual, cognitive, and motor systems when interacting with the environment. Once this interaction induces pressure, changes in the MRS lead to respective changes in the function of attention, anticipation, long-term working memory, the control system, and the motor systems. Such changes can be detected via both overt and covert behavior of the human system. This chapter presents the theoretical frameworks and accompanies them with graphical illustrations.
Suspension (April 20, 1984)

Fourteen years later, I would find, in the same roll as this picture, five photographs my father took of a woman with red hair, the sun light shining through a hotel window on her face, a sheet wrapped around her chest. The photo envelope was marked in my mother's penciled writing: "Steven's roll: B's 6th B-day party, Easter, etc." I took the five etceteras and stuck them in a white envelope, storing them in my desk for the next five years, in case I ever needed to blackmail him.
Thulium sensitization of praseodymium mid-infrared transitions in potassium lead chloride laser crystals

Energy transfer is reported from Tm/sup 3+/ to Pr/sup 3+/ in co-doped KPb/sub 2/Cl/sub 5/ laser crystals. Pumping Tm/sup 3+/ with 800 nm laser diodes results in broad emission of mid-infrared fluorescence between 4000 and 5500 nm.
Catheter extraction of high risk right atrial clot, technical tips, and lessons learned. successes and failures

Floating right atrial (RA) thrombus in the presence of intracardiac shunting, patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect is a complex clinical challenge. Surgical thrombectomy, thrombolytic therapy, and long-term anticoagulation are all available management options. However, surgical therapy and thrombolytic therapy both carry significant inherent risk and there is lack of data to support adequacy and efficacy of long-term anticoagulation. We report for the first time a case of a large free floating RA thrombus in the presence of a large PFO in a patient where surgical intervention and thrombolytic therapy were both felt to be contraindicated. A combined AngioVac thrombectomy procedure and a PFO closure were performed simultaneously and successfully without the fragmentation of the clot or the protrusion and migration of the clot systemically through the large PFO. A second case without the associated presence of a PFO is also being reported where the procedure failed to extract the thrombus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Index of suspicion in the nursery • case 1: Tachypnea and oxygen desaturation with bottle feeding • case 2: Recurrent pneumothoraces in a newborn

A 3,050-g term infant is born via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 23-year-old now G1P1 woman. The pregnancy was complicated by oligohydramnios (diagnosed at 20 weeks' gestation). Maternal hepatitis surface antigen, human immunodeficiency virus, rapid plasma reagin, and group B streptococci test results were negative. Membranes ruptured spontaneously approximately 6 hours before delivery, and Apgar scores are 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at 19 hours of age for tachypnea and oxygen desaturations to 68% on room air associated with bottle feeding. He is started on 100% oxygen at 1 L/min by nasal cannula, which improves his respiratory status. On a repeat attempt at oral feeding, the infant has copious secretions, coughing, and “gurgling” sounds. “Nothing by mouth” is ordered while further evaluation is initiated. The initial complete blood count shows a white blood cell count of 16.1×103/μL (16.1×109/L) with 12% segmented neutrophils, 54% bands, 19% lymphocytes, and 10% monocytes; hemoglobin of 18.4 g/dL (184 g/L); hematocrit of 51.3% (0.513); and platelet count of 265×103/μL (265×109/L). A nasogastric tube is placed without difficulty. Chest radiograph findings are unremarkable (Fig. 1). Blood is drawn and antibiotics initiated until blood culture is negative at 48 hours. Figure 1. Anteroposterior chest radiograph shows clear lungs and a normal heart. The bulge on the right is due to a normal thymus gland. On physical examination, the infant has a temperature of 37.6°C, heart rate of 160 beats/min, respiratory rate of 64 breaths/min, and blood pressure of 65/35 mm Hg. Oxygen saturation is 90% on 1 L/min of room air by nasal cannula. Head examination reveals a soft anterior fontanelle and patent nares bilaterally with nasal cannula in place. Ear-nose-throat examination shows no anatomic abnormality. The …
The Texas Advanced Directive Law: Unfinished Business

The Texas Advance Directive Act allows physicians and hospitals to overrule patient or family requests for futile care. Purposefully not defining futility, the law leaves its determination in specific cases to an institutional process. While the law has received several criticisms, it does seem to work constructively in the cases that come to the review process. We introduce a new criticism: While the law has been justified by an appeal to professional values such as avoiding harm to patients, avoiding the provision of unseemly care, and good stewardship of medical resources, it is applied incompletely. It allows physicians and institutional committees to refuse "futile" treatments desired by patients and families while at the same time providing no way of regulating physicians who recommend or even push "futile" treatments in similar cases. In this sense, the TADA is incomplete on its own terms.
Diversity of murine norovirus strains isolated from asymptomatic mice of different genetic backgrounds within a single U.S. research institute.

Antibody prevalence studies in laboratory mice indicate that murine norovirus (MNV) infections are common, but the natural history of these viruses has not been fully established. This study examined the extent of genetic diversity of murine noroviruses isolated from healthy laboratory mice housed in multiple animal facilities within a single, large research institute- the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIAID-NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, U.S. Ten distinct murine norovirus strains were isolated from various tissues and feces of asymptomatic wild type sentinel mice as well as asymptomatic immunodeficient (RAG 2−/−) mice. The NIH MNV isolates showed little cytopathic effect in permissive RAW264.7 cells in early passages, but all isolates examined could be adapted to efficient growth in cell culture by serial passage. The viruses, although closely related in genome sequence, were distinguishable from each other according to facility location, likely due to the introduction of new viruses into each facility from separate sources or vendors at different times. Our study indicates that the murine noroviruses are widespread in these animal facilities, despite rigorous guidelines for animal care and maintenance.
A Parametric Study on Factors Affecting Ground Vibrations during Pile Driving through Finite Element Simulations

Driven pile has often been used to provide loading support for civil infrastructure, but the induced ground vibration can cause damage to adjacent structures. The vibration risk associated with pile driving is often managed via monitoring ground vibrations that is quantified by peak particle velocity (PPV). Therefore, a rational approach to predict PPV is desired because the commonly used scaled-distance equations consider only the distance from driven piles and the input energy but ignore other important factors. To fulfill this knowledge gap, a finite element method based parametric study was performed to examine the influence of soil damping ratio, Young's Modulus of soil, and the number of loading pulses on ground vibrations due to pile driving. The results obtained from this study will aid geotechnical engineers in better managing the risk of pile driving to surrounding building by designing and executing a proper ground vibration monitoring plan.
Anthropological perspective of ethnobotany in the Greater Southwest

During the formative period of ethnobotanical studies in the Southwest, Edward Palmer established a standard for reporting useful plants that continues today and Frank. H. Cushing wrote a classic ethnobotany from an anthropological perspective,Z uni Breadstuff. Since these beginnings single tribal studies and, more recently, archaeobotanical investigations have received emphasis. Linguistic studies of plant names and their classification have lagged and synthetic summaries and interpretative explanations of plant use are still demanded. Anthropology’s unique contribution to Southwestern ethnobotany is relating socially shared plant taxonomies and cultural rules for behaving with plants to explain why certain plants are used and others are ignored.
A little grease helps the cell to stick

Comment on Munugalavadla et al, page [103][1], and Puri et al, page [150][2] Cell adhesion and migration are both regulated by the rapid synthesis of lipids in the plasma membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a diverse family of enzymes that
Single-cell analysis of insulin-regulated fatty acid uptake in adipocytes

Increased body fat correlates with the enlargement of average fat cell size and reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. It is currently unclear whether adipocytes, as they accumulate more triglycerides and grow in size, gradually become less insulin sensitive or whether obesity-related factors independently cause both the enlargement of adipocyte size and reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. In the first instance, large and small adipocytes in the same tissue would exhibit differences in insulin sensitivity, whereas, in the second instance, adipocyte size per se would not necessarily correlate with insulin response. To analyze the effect of adipocyte size on insulin sensitivity, we employed a new single-cell imaging assay that resolves fatty acid uptake and insulin response in single adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. Here, we report that subcutaneous adipocytes are heterogeneous in size and intrinsic insulin sensitivity. Whereas smaller adipocytes respond to insulin by increasing lipid uptake, adipocytes with cell diameters larger than 80–100 μm are insulin resistant. We propose that, when cell size approaches a critical boundary, adipocytes lose insulin-dependent fatty acid transport. This negative feedback mechanism may protect adipocytes from lipid overload and restrict further expansion of adipose tissue, which leads to obesity and metabolic complications.
Comparison of catheter-related large vein thrombosis in centrally inserted versus peripherally inserted central venous lines in the neurological intensive care unit.

Abstract Objective To compare cumulative complication rates of peripherally (PICC) and centrally (CICVC) inserted central venous catheters, including catheter-related large vein thrombosis (CRLVT), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and line insertion-related complications in neurological intensive care patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study and detailed chart review for 431 consecutive PICCs and 141 CICVCs placed in patients under neurological intensive care from March 2008 through February 2010. Cumulative incidence of CRLVT, CLABSI, and line insertion-related complications were compared between PICC and CICVC groups. Risk factors for CRLVT including mannitol therapy during dwell time, previous history of venous thromboembolism, surgery longer than 1 h during dwell time, and line placement in a paretic arm were also compared between groups. Results During the study period, 431 unique PICCs were placed with cumulative incidence of symptomatic thrombosis of 8.4%, CLABSI 2.8%, and line insertion-related complications 0.0%. During the same period, 141 unique CICVCs were placed with cumulative incidence of symptomatic thrombosis of 1.4%, CLABSI 1.4%, and line insertion-related complications 0.7%. There was a statistically significant difference in CRLVT with no difference in CLABSI or line insertion-related complications. Conclusions In neurological critical care patients, CICVCs appear to have a better risk profile compared to PICCs, with a decreased risk of CRLVT. As use of PICCs in critical care patients increases, a prospective randomized trial comparing PICCs and CICVCs in neurological critical care patients is necessary to assist in choosing the appropriate catheter and to minimize risks of morbidity and mortality associated with central venous access.
(E)-3-tridecen-2-one, an antibiotic from the interdigital glands of black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus.

(E)-3-tridecen-2-one, the major volatile component of interdigital gland extracts from the black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The bacteria,Propionibacterium acnes, and the fungi,Trichophyton mentagrophytes had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively.
Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oral propoxyphene in non-drug-abusing volunteers.

Abstract Background: The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a widely prescribed prescription opioid, propoxyphene, have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people. The drug also has potential for abuse and it was of interest in the present study to determine if the drug had any abuse liability-related subjective effects in this population. Methods: Eighteen volunteers participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study in which they received, all p.o., placebo; 50 mg propoxyphene napsylate; 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate; 200 mg propoxyphene napsylate; 40 mg morphine sulfate; and 2 mg lorazepam. Measures were assessed before and for 300 min after drug administration. Results: Both morphine and lorazepam produced subjective effects. There were no statistically significant subjective effects obtained with any dose of propoxyphene in the group as a whole, but approximately 30–50% of the subjects did appear to experience subjective effects from the drug. Drug liking was not consistently observed in this subset. Propoxyphene, unlike lorazepam, did not impair psychomotor or cognitive performance. Both propoxyphene and morphine produced miosis. Conclusions: There was a lack of statistically significant subjective effects of propoxyphene in the group as a whole, including a propoxyphene dose that was twice as high as the typical clinically-prescribed dose of 100 mg. However, there were some subjects who did report effects, consistent with the notion that patients differ in their sensitivity to opioid effects.
The Bonn Criteria: Minimal Experimental Parameter Reporting for Clinostat and Random Positioning Machine Experiments with Cells and Tissues

Published reports on studies in clinostats and random positioning machines frequently do not include adequate operational data on physical parameters of the culture device or cell culture conditions. This failure to report minimum physical and chemical data on how experiments are performed makes it impossible to determine specific hardware utilization or to calculate forces delivered. This makes experimental comparisons difficult and isolation of critical methodological differences between investigational results impossible. A minimum set of parameters to be reported in clinostat or random positioning machines is proposed to be known as the Bonn criteria. For random positioning machine experiments, the minimum experimental parameters to be reported should include angular velocity of rotation, highest angular acceleration, operating mode (random, centrifuge, or clinostat in rpm or freely programmable mode). For both clinostat and random positioning machines, experimental reporting should include the properties of the culture vessel, culture media and carrier beads. These should also include dimensions and rotation speed of vessel, chemical consistency including density and viscosity of media, size, density, and porosity of beads, size, density, and porosity of cells, whether cells are motile or non-motile, density of beads with cells attached, as well as time of rotation, nature of controls, operating temperature, and gas content.
Nursery culture impacts cold hardiness in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings

Success in restoring longleaf pine ecosystems depends on outplanting high-quality longleaf pine seedlings. One important and relatively understudied attribute of seedling quality is cold hardiness. A suite of trials was conducted to investigate the influence of common nursery cultural practices on longleaf pine cold hardiness. Cold hardiness was increased with higher rates of nitrogen, unaffected by copper coating containers, greater for foliage than for root-collar tissue, and tended to increase with increases in container size.
The effects of high and low BACs on the Hoffmann reflex.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure and assess the magnitude and latency of the H-reflex and M-response between pre-and post-alcohol consumption. Also of interest was the comparison of the H-reflex and M-response between the rising and falling curves of BAC. Seven male volunteer subjects participated in this study. Testing started with pre-alcohol BAC and EMG recordings from the tibial nerve following an electrical stimulation. After alcohol consumption, BAC readings were obtained every five minutes, and the EMGs were recorded at the following BAC levels (in mg/dl): 75, 100, and falling 75. H-latency, H-amplitude, and M-response were identified within the EMG signals. The analysis focused on the comparisons of these measures between each of the BAC levels and the baseline, as well as between the rising and falling BACs. Results showed that, overall, the H-reflex and M-response were depressed following alcohol consumption. In addition, the depression of H-reflex appeared to be greater during the rising curve than the falling curve.
Distributed, asynchronous and hybrid simulation of process networks using recording controllers

In this paper we propose a novel approach for distributed process simulation which does not need synchronization by a central coordinator, nor does it require an iterative procedure to ensure stability and boundedness of the simulation error. Instead we rely on inherent passivity properties of process networks and recording-controller (RC) devices to develop a hybrid representation of the underlying continuous dynamics. The RCs are added to the original process system where there are interconnections between different computational agents. RCs accumulate the simulation error between communication intervals, perform error checking, control information flow and update the interconnection variables at discrete intervals so that the errors remain bounded. The distributed simulation framework is used to develop two different simulation strategies: In one case we use distributed simulation with fixed time horizons. In the other case we use update on demand and adapt the time horizons so that the error satisfies pre-specified tolerances. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory and the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory.

The theoretical grounds, purposes, and features of the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI; Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982) and its forthcoming replacement the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI; Millon, in press) are reviewed. The rationale and procedure for the construction of the component scales are briefly explained, and the logic of configural or profile interpretation is examined and recommended. Uses and limitations of the MAPI and MAC1 are considered. Evaluative research, although limited in scope, points to the general utility of the MAPI and MACI as clinical tools, and to areas where further study may enhance their applicability in a counseling context.
Transition metal ion complexes of thiosemicarbazones derived from 2-acetylpyridine. Part 2. The4 N-dimethyl derivative

Metal ion complexes of the thiosemicarbazone,N-dimethyl-2-[1-(2-pyridinyl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide (HL4DM) have been prepared and characterized spectrally. HL4DM coordinates primarily as the deprotonated tridentate ligand (i.e., pyridylN, azomethineN, and thione sulphur). In contrast to related thiosemicarbazones, oxidation to cobalt(III) does not occur during complex formation with cobalt(II) halides. Oxidation does occur on reflux with ethanolic Co(BF4)2, but we isolated a planar cobalt(II) complex as well. Only with the tetrafluoroborate salts of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) are complexes isolated containing the neutral thiosemicarbazone. Square planar [Ni(L4DM)X]complexes where X=Cl, Br, and OH have been isolated and e.s.r. spectra of a 1% Cu/Ni complex are compared to the results of other workers.
Response of subglacial sediments to basal freeze-on. 2. Application in numerical modeling of the recent stoppage of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica

[1] Ross ice streams supply over 90% of the ice volume flowing out of the Ross sector of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS). Stoppage of Ice Stream C (ISC) ca. 150 years ago appears to have pushed this sector of WAIS from negative into positive mass balance [Joughin and Tulaczyk, 2002]. We propose an explanation for the unsteady behavior of ISC using a new numerical ice-stream model, which includes an explicit treatment of a subglacial till layer. When constrained by initial conditions emulating prestoppage geometry, dynamics, and mass balance of ISC, the model yields a rapid (∼100 years) stoppage of the main ice-stream trunk. The stoppage is triggered by basal freeze-on, which consolidates and strengthens the subglacial till. Our numerical simulations produce results consistent with a number of existing observations, for example, continuing activity of the two tributaries of ISC. The model always yields rapid stoppage unless we specify ice-stream width that is smaller than its prestoppage values (maximum of ∼80 km). We conjecture that if ISC was active for at least a few thousand years before slowdown, its width was significantly smaller than today to sustain the long active phase. Ice-stream width is a key control that helps determine whether ice-stream flow is sustainable over a long term. Our work indicates that the recent stoppage of Ice Stream C could have been part of inherent ice-stream cyclicity, and it leaves open the possibility that other active ice streams may evolve in the future toward rapid shutdowns.
Differential expression of a phosphoepitope at the kinetochores of moving chromosomes

A phosphorylated epitope is differentially expressed at the kinetochores of chromosomes in mitotic cells and may be involved in regulating chromosome movement and cell cycle progression. During prophase and early prometaphase, the phosphoepitope is expressed equally among all the kinetochores. In mid-prometaphase, some chromosomes show strong labeling on both kinetochores; others exhibit weak or no labeling; while in other chromosomes, one kinetochore is intensely labeled while its sister kinetochore is unlabeled. Chromosomes moving toward the metaphase plate express the phosphoepitope strongly on the leading kinetochore but weakly on the trailing kinetochore. This is the first demonstration of a biochemical difference between the two kinetochores of a single chromosome. During metaphase and anaphase, the kinetochores are unlabeled. At metaphase, a single misaligned chromosome can inhibit further progression into anaphase. Misaligned chromosomes express the phosphoepitope strongly on both kinetochores, even when all the other chromosomes of a cell are assembled at the metaphase plate and lack expression. This phosphoepitope may be involved in regulating chromosome movement to the metaphase plate during prometaphase and may be part of a cell cycle checkpoint by which the onset of anaphase is inhibited until complete metaphase alignment is achieved.
Real-time 4-D trajectory planning for RNP flight operations

Optimizing a flight path in-flight to take into account real-time unforeseen events, such as wind conditions, moving storm cells, or pop-up tactical threats, can enable aircraft to fly a safer and more fuel efficient route than the flight path created before takeoff. It is critical that the replanned trajectory still complies with various requirements for flight operations to ensure the safety of the aircraft. In this paper, we present a real-time 4-D flight planner, named “Airborne E*,” that can efficiently modify the active flight plan in-flight to take into account real-time unforeseen events and vehicle performance limits. To ensure the safety of the aircraft, the replanned 4-D flight path generated by Airborne E* complies with Required Navigation Performance (RNP) requirements. In addition, both lateral and vertical RNP containments centered on this new flight path are assured to be free of any terrain obstacles. After the new flight path is constructed, it will be presented to pilots (and air traffic controllers if required) for approval. Upon approval, Airborne E* will automatically load the modified flight plan into FMS as the active flight plan. We will discuss the application of this innovative real-time flight planner to low altitude flights for both civil and military aviation. Simulation and flight test results are also discussed in the paper.
Patterns of second-opinion diagnosis in oral and maxillofacial pathology

Objectives Several studies have documented the beneficial effect of second opinions in diagnostic pathology. Among disease sites, the head and neck can be a particularly problematic area for pathologists, prompting frequent second opinions. However, the effect of second opinion requests made by physician pathologists (PPs) to oral and maxillofacial pathologists (OMPs) has not been well studied and might identify disease and subsites that pose diagnostic challenges. The objectives of this study were to study the referral patterns of PPs to a referral center for oral and maxillofacial pathology and to assess changes in diagnosis following second opinion. Study design We retrospectively reviewed 142 consecutive pathology consultation requests over a 2-year period. The submitted report and matched second opinion report were reviewed to extract predetermined demographic, clinical, and pathologic data. Each diagnosis was reviewed to determine if there was agreement, minor disagreement, or major disagreement between the original and the second opinion. Results The most common diagnostic categories sent for second opinion were dysplasia/carcinoma, odontogenic cysts, and odontogenic tumors. In the 135 cases where agreement could be assessed, there were a total of 46 cases (34.1%) with differences in diagnostic opinion. Minor disagreements occurred in 24 cases (17.8%) and major disagreements in 22 cases (16.3%). Importantly, major disagreements identified here would have resulted in significant differences in patient evaluation and management. Conclusions This study supports the positive impact of second-opinion surgical pathology for lesions in the maxillofacial complex and supports the role of OMPs in subspecialty diagnostic pathology.
Rapid crystal growth of type-II clathrates A8Na16Si136 (A = K, Rb, Cs) by spark plasma sintering

Single crystal type-II clathrates A8Na16Si136 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) were grown from NaSi and alkali metal halides by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Single crystal structure refinements indicate that K atoms at the 8b crystallographic site are partially occupied (K5.8(1)Na16Si136) while Rb in Rb8Na16Si136 and Cs in Cs8Na16Si136 are fully occupied. Our results indicate that SPS can be employed in topochemical ion exchange reactions, thus allowing for the rapid synthesis of single crystals of multinary intermetallic phases that cannot be accessible by traditional crystal growth techniques.
Piston versus scissors: chemotaxis receptors versus sensor His-kinase receptors in two-component signaling pathways.

In this issue of Structure , Molnar and colleagues present a pair of important advances: (1) a method to analyze multiple signaling states in on-off switch proteins and (2) evidence for a scissors-type mechanism of on-off switching in a full-length, membrane-bound receptor of the sensor histidine-kinase class.
Manson structure team will help guide research

The Manson impact structure, in northwest-central Iowa, is about 35 km in diameter and the largest such structure known in the United States. Scientific interest in the Manson structure increased sharply last year when preliminary 40Ar/39Ar data indicated a time for the impact of less than, but not much less than, 70 million years. That age is temptingly close to the time established for the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary, about 66 million years ago, and allows the possibility of a connection between the Manson impact and mass extinctions produced by the K/T boundary event
NGC 1275 (3C 84): SIMILAR STRUCTURE IN THE OPTICAL AND 3-MM RADIO VARIATIONS.

Optical and 3.3-mm data for the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1275 (3C 84) are compared. Similarities exist between the variations at the two wavelengths with regard to amplitude, time scale, and interval between events. The question is raised whether these similarities may be the result of a common triggering mechanism.
A global optimization technique to identify overall transformation kinetics using dilatometry data—applications to austenitization of steels

Abstract This paper presents the development of a new algorithm that is able to accurately identify the overall kinetics of diffusional phase transformations, including austenitization from dilatometry data. Such algorithm is useful in the study of the role of microstructural features in the kinetics of austenitization. Specifically, the fundamental parameters governing the nucleation and growth of the new phase in diffusional transformations are determined by minimizing the error between the measured dilatometry curves and that calculated by the pre-specified kinetic model. In the process, the progress of transformation in the particular dilatometry tests can also be determined simultaneously. The accuracy and applicability of the developed algorithm is demonstrated by using the dilatometry data of AISI 1080 steel in austenitization as well as several hypothetical transformations. A TTT diagram of austenitization of AISI 1080 is generated.
Modeling of coalescence in polymer blends

Coalescence in polymer blends was modeled by combining population dynamics with three coalescence theories: Smoluchowski, trajectory, and film drainage. Modeling re- sults are compared with our preious coalescence experiments on polystyrenerhigh den- ( sity polyethylene blends. Comparison of the Smoluchowski theory no hydrodynamic ) interactions with our experiments reeals that ideal collisions are the main mechanism of coalescence. Coalescence efficiency, howeer, decreases with increasing shear rate and particle-size difference. Most interestingly, increasing the ratio of particle to matrix ¤iscosity causes coalescence efficiency first to increase and then to decrease. The effects of particle-size difference on coalescence efficiency can be modeled by considering changes in trajectory due to hydrodynamic interactions between particles. By considering particle deformation, film drainage theory predicts that coalescence efficiency decreases with increasing shear rate. Comparison with the experiments was only qualitatiely cor- rect. Howeer, the prediction that coalescence efficiency decreases with increasing the ¤iscosity ratio by both the trajectory theory and film drainage theory is not consistent with the experimental results. The reasons for the disagreements are discussed in terms of large deformation of colliding particles.
SoftSig: Software-Exposed Hardware Signatures for Code Analysis and Optimization

Many code analysis techniques for optimization, debugging, and parallelization must perform runtime disambiguation of address sets. Hardware signatures support such operations efficiently and with low complexity. SoftSig exposes hardware signatures to software through instructions that control which addresses to collect and which to disambiguate against. The Memoise algorithm demonstrates SoftSig's versatility by detecting and eliminating redundant function calls.
Effect of three-dimensionality on compressible mixing

Existing experimental data and hypotheses on the growth rates of compressible and incompressible turbulent shear layers are used to estimate the effect of three-dimensionality in the turbulent mixing enhancement in compressible shear flows that is critically important to the efficiency of scramjet powerplants. The general trend is found to be a decrease in growth rate with increasing three-dimensionality, excepting only the restricted regime, where the growth-rate increase is modest. 9 refs.