cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central giant cell lesions of the mandible and maxilla: A clinicopathologic and cytometric study

Computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure four histopathologic parameters (number of giant cells, mean number of nuclei per giant cell, fractional surface area, and relative size index) in two groups of patients with central giant cell lesions in a search for possible histologic predictors of clinical behavior. The lesions of 22 patients were classified clinically into nonaggressive and the lesions of 10 patients were classified into aggressive categories in accordance with the method of Chuong and Kaban. The majority of patients with aggressive lesions had recurrent tumors within 2 years and/or experienced pain, root resorption, and cortical perforation. Giant cells were selected in 25 random high-power magnification (X400) fields and measured by means of the Leitz Texture Analysis System-Plus. Linear stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to each parameter studied. Clinically aggressive giant cell lesions were characterized by a higher number of giant cells and greater fractional surface area when compared with the nonaggressive tumors. With the use of the "jackknife" classification procedure, the accuracy of the two statistically significant parameters (number of giant cells and fractional surface area) in predicting the aggressiveness or the nonaggressiveness of our group of central giant cell granulomas was, respectively, 70% and 82%. This study provides further evidence that the use of cytometric analysis of giant cells may be helpful in predicting prognosis and in planning treatment for these often difficult-to-manage lesions.
Scattering characteristics of Martin Black at 118 microm.

BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) values for 0.000118 m radiation at different angles of incidence and different scattering angles from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite telescope baffle coated with Martin Black are presented. Data from scatterometer experiments are collected and the BRDF and beta - beta sub 0 (sin theta sub s - sin theta sub 0) values are calculated based on the geometry, the voltage readings, the attenuators in the beam, and the calculated reference levels. A composite curve of forward and backward scattering data for several angles of incidence shows a peak near the specular direction (beta - beta sub 0 = 0), which is the instrument profile reduced by the 20% specular reflection of the Martin Black. The nonspecular part of the reflectivity indicates the slightly specular but largely Lambertian character of the coating. Data for the specular reflectivity as a function of the incidence angle unexpectedly shows a decrease in the specular reflectance with increasing angle of incidence.
Can PET-CT Imaging and Radiokinetic Analyses Provide Useful Clinical Information on Atypical Femoral Shaft Fracture in Osteoporotic Patients?

Atypical femoral shaft fractures are associated with the extended usage of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates as therapy for osteoporosis. For such fractures, the positron emission tomography (PET) procedure, coupled with computerized tomography (CT), provides a potential imaging modality for defining aspects of the pathogenesis, site specificity, and possible prodromal abnormalities prior to fracture. PET-CT may assess the radiokinetic variables K1 (a putative marker for skeletal blood flow) and Ki (a putative marker for skeletal bone formation), and when combined with PET imaging modalities and CT skeletal site localization, may define the site of such radiokinetic findings. Further studies into the clinical usage of PET-CT in patients with atypical femoral shaft fractures are warranted.
IMPACT OF PASSENGERS ON YOUNG DRIVER SAFETY

An analysis of young driver accidents uses the quasi-induced exposure technique to disaggregate accidents by different characteristics or circumstances while making estimates of the relative travel exposure for those different circumstances. Relationships are developed to investigate the effect of passengers on young driver (age 16 to 20) accident propensity. Three passenger groupings are used: solo (no passengers), peer, and adult or child. The database contains 77,312 accidents involving young drivers in Kentucky in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The passenger-group variable was found to have a significant effect on young driver accident propensities. Young drivers have the lowest propensity to cause single- or two-vehicle accidents when traveling with either adults and/or children. They have an increased propensity for causing single-vehicle accidents when traveling with peers. The relative accident involvement ratios for both single- and two-vehicle accidents for young drivers traveling alone were close to 1.0, suggesting that they were at fault approximately the same percentage of the time that they were not at fault. Seven variables were considered for possible interaction with passenger group: driver gender, total occupant gender, time of week, time of day, highway type, vehicle age, and safety-restraint usage.
Respiration and the function of brachiopod punctae

When tied shut, three genera of punctate terebratulids from the Northeast Pacific [Terebratulina unguicula (Terebratulidina), Terebratalia transversa and Laqueus californianus (Terebratellidina)] take up O2 from the external water (at one-third the rate when gaping). The impunctate rhynchonellid Hemithiris psittacea does not, indicating that punctae admit O2 when the valves are closed. The shells of T. transversa vary from smooth and globose to Spirifer-like alate and costate morphs. The latter have more punctae and greater uptake of O2 through the shell. The alate/costate morphs are most abundant where turbidity is likely to prompt closure. Punctael respiration is faster through the thin shells of Laqueus than the thick ones of Terebratalia. O2deprived articulates gape widely and close slowly when disturbed, but there is no evidence of O2debt. They regulate O2consumption at the same rate from saturation to 0.5 ml·l1, and thus appear adapted to low O2levels. These results have implications for the energetic efficience of articulates and the evolutionary patterns of bivalve molluscs v. articulates.
Immediate revascularization of the heart.

The surgical treatment of myocardial ischemia demands immediate revascularization. In 70 patients this demand was met by the use of 114 aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts. Thirty-four single, 28 double, and 8 triple bypass grafts were used. They were taken to the right coronary artery (38 times), to the left anterior descending coronary artery (60 times), and to the circumflex coronary artery (16 times). There were 28 patients with three-vessel coronary disease (stenosis greater than 75%) and 15 with two-vessel disease. In spite of this, the operative mortality was only 10% (7 of 70), and four patients died of their disease while awaiting surgery. Relief of symptoms, which occurs without delay, has continued in 81% of the patients (57 of 70). The use of aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts "jump grafts" is proposed as being widely applicable, very effective, and the safest procedure available for the surgical treatment of coronary artery occlusive disease. More observations on longterm results are still needed.
Natural History of the Pirate Spider Mimetus hesperus (Araneae; Mimetidae) in Kern County, California

Abstract A population of the araneophagic pirate spider Mimetus hesperus (Araneae, Mimetidae) in Bakersfield, Kern County, California, was studied April–December 2010 with weekly nondestructive censuses. Information on predation, seasonality, and interactions with prey spiders is presented. This is the first information concerning ecology and behavior of M. hesperus.
Single electron capture and loss cross sections for highly stripped Fe ions in hydrogen at 3.4 MeV/nucleon

Abstract Single-electron-capture and loss cross sections of 3.4 ± 0.1 MeV/nucleon iron ions in H 2 gas are reported for change states +20 through +25.
Enough with the additive target model

The additive target model is used routinely in the statistical detection of opaque targets, despite its phenomenological inconsistency. The more appropriate replacement target model is seldom used, because the standard method for producing a detection algorithm from it proves to be intractable, unless narrow restrictions are imposed on the target model. Now however, continuum fusion methods have allowed an expanded solution set to a more general replacement target problem. We derive an example detection algorithm, to illustrate the fusion principles one can use to tailor a method to a particular performance requirement.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Longitudinal Vortices Embedded in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

Large-eddy simulations of pairs of artificially generated longitudinal vortices embedded in a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer are performed to study the dynamics of the vortical structures and to provide the unsteady inflow data for use in a future turbomachinery simulation. An immersed boundary method is employed to represent the wall-mounted half-delta wings that generate the counter-rotating vortex pairs. Two vortex pair configurations, with "common flow" between the vortices toward the end wall (common flow down) and away from the end wall (common flow up), respectively, are investigated. Mean velocities and Reynolds stresses compare well with experimental data, demonstrating the accuracy of the numerical approach and, in particular, the efficacy of immersed boundary treatment of the vortex generators. The large coherent vortices are characterized by streamwise velocity defect and negative mean pressure. The boundary layer in the common flow region is thinned by the vortices in the common-flow-down case and thickened by them in the common-flow-up case.
Red Blood Cell Surface Receptor Expression of BCAM/Lu is Regulated by Protein Kinase A Activity

Irregular sickle red blood cells (RBCs) can contribute to the pathogenesis of vasoocclusion and other complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) via abnormal adherence to the vascular endothelium. It has previously been demonstrated that epinephrine enhances SCD RBC adhesion by activating the BCAM/Lu and ICAM-4 surface receptors [1–2]. Epinephrine acts on the RBC β2-adrenergic receptor, thereby activating Gas proteins that stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation, an intermediate step in the upregulation of BCAM/Lu and ICAM-4 mediated adhesion. The interaction of BCAM/Lu with the α5 chain of laminin may contribute to vaso-occlusive events in SCD due to overexpression of BCAM on SCD RBCs.© 2013 ASME
Localizing the development of covert attention in infants with scalp event-related potentials.

This study examined covert shifts of attention in infants aged 14, 20, and 26 weeks of age with scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs). The infants were tested in a spatial cuing procedure. The reaction time to localize the target showed covert attention shifts (e.g., response facilitation or inhibition of return depending on cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony). There was a larger P1 ERP component on the valid trials than on the invalid trials or on the no-cue control trials. Presaccadic ERP potentials in response to the target were larger when it was in the cued location than when it was in uncued locations. There were increases from 14 to 26 weeks of age in the amount of inhibition of return, in the post-target-onset P1 effect, and in the presaccadic ERP potentials. These results suggest that cortical development parallels the development of covert orienting of attention and saccade planning in infants in this age range.
Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of factors influencing ethical judgments of the final consumer

Business and marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their ethical beliefs and ideologies. This research investigates general attitudes of consumers relative to business, government and people in general, and compares these attitudes to their beliefs concerning various questionable consumer practices. The results show that consumers' ethical beliefs are determined, in part, by who is at fault in the unethical behavior (the seller or the buyer). The results also indicate that those with a more positive attitude toward business are less likely to engage in questionable consumer practices, but one's attitudes toward salespeople, the government and people in general arenot related to the consumer's ethical beliefs.
Studies on immunoglobulins of mink: definition of two populations of light chains.

Abstract Two populations of mink IgG were discerned by unabsorbed rabbit antisera to mink IgM. The distinguishing antigenic determinants were located on the Fab and F(ab′)2 pieces and on the L chains of the IgG molecule. Results of gel diffusion analysis with antisera prepared against each of the two IgG-Fab populations indicated that one L chain contained a unique determinant in addition to determinants common to the other L chain. The two L chain populations were detected in the sera of all mink examined, although their relative distribution within IgG and IgM did not appear to be the same. The antigenic relationship of these two mink L chain populations is similar to that previously described for the oz marker on human λ chains.
Chiral symmetry breaking in strongly coupled lattice gauge theory

Abstract The chiral properties of lattice gauge theories at strong coupling are investigated in the action formalism with naive fermions. An exact calculation of 〈 ψ ψ〉 to order 1/ gl = 1/ Ng 2 is presented in the limit of large N for SU( N ) and U( N ) theories. For any dimension d >2 and for large enough coupling λ, the chiral symmetry spontaneously breaks.
Distribution and clearance of cocaine in brain is influenced by genetics.

The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of cocaine in two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2). Male and female mice were administered 30 mg kg−1 cocaine IP and killed after 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes postinjection. Brains were removed quickly and assayed for total brain cocaine concentration. Quantification of cocaine was conducted using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results of this study revealed a strain difference in total brain cocaine kinetics. Specifically, we observed that at 5 min onward, B6 mice cleared cocaine from the brain with a t1/2 estimated at 22.3 min, while distribution in D2 mice appeared to be incomplete until 15 min with a subsequent t1/2 estimated at 11.2 min. These results show that despite faster clearance by D2 mice, the prolonged time to distribution in this strain may help explain why D2 mice show initial greater locomotor activation by cocaine, compared to B6s.
Improved relaxations for the parametric solutions of ODEs using differential inequalities

A new method is described for computing nonlinear convex and concave relaxations of the solutions of parametric ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Such relaxations enable deterministic global optimization algorithms to be applied to problems with ODEs embedded, which arise in a wide variety of engineering applications. The proposed method computes relaxations as the solutions of an auxiliary system of ODEs, and a method for automatically constructing and numerically solving appropriate auxiliary ODEs is presented. This approach is similar to two existing methods, which are analyzed and shown to have undesirable properties that are avoided by the new method. Two numerical examples demonstrate that these improvements lead to significantly tighter relaxations than previous methods.
Rooted in resistance: women teachers constructing counter‐pedagogies in post‐authoritarian Brazil

This study focuses upon the narratives of women educators (educadoras) who contributed to radical democratic school reforms in post‐authoritarian Brazil. We illustrate through three of the teachers’ narratives how their professional identities and actions were shaped partly by their experiences of resisting the military regime and by their participation in professional development opportunities that grew from liberatory social movements. Our analysis focuses on their efforts to construct counter‐pedagogies in their disciplines of history, mathematics, and physical education that resisted colonizing, authoritative practices and moved toward more liberatory, humanizing pedagogies. We consider how these counter‐pedagogies reflect both women’s ways of knowing that emphasize dialogue, collaboration, community, and the value of personal knowledge and relationships, as well as feminist principles of consciousness‐raising and social action. This analysis highlights possibilities and challenges of radical democrat...
Reconceptualizing Faculty Mentoring within a Community of Practice Model

Despite the growing knowledge base on mentoring in academia, providing effective mentoring for faculty presents several complex dilemmas for academic units charged with facilitating mentoring. How do we institutionalize voluntary and spontaneous mentoring interaction? How do we support a collaborative climate in an inherently individual and competitive reward system? How do we design for trust? This study proposes a community of practice (CoP) model for faculty mentoring that emerged from the practical and conceptual dilemmas we faced as a professional graduate school trying to facilitate mentoring for its faculty. We share our rationale and process in moving toward a CoP model for mentoring and propose a structural–functional model for what it might look like in academia.
Introduction to the Current Issue

Despite an historic commitment to educating students to become ethical, responsible graduates, there has often been a disconnect between student learning and student life in college. This special issue of the JCC focuses on current efforts of the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) to give greater attention and priority to personal and social responsibility as an essential outcome of undergraduate education.
Scattering by an infinitely-long bianisotropic cylinder with electrically small, convex cross-section

Abstract The electromagnetic scattering response of an infinitely-long cylinder made of a general linear bianisotropic material is obtained using a long-wavelength approximation. The results obtained apply when the cross-sectional linear dimensions of the cylinder are electrically small, the constitutive dyadics are arbitrary and the cross-sectional shape is convex.
Developments in MEMS scale printable alkaline and Li-ion technology

Two technologies for MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) scale cell formation are discussed. First, the fabrication of planar alkaline cell batteries compatible with MEMS scale power storage applications is shown. Both mm scale and sub-mm scale individual cells and batteries have been constructed. The chosen coplanar electrode geometry allows for easy fabrication of series connected cells enabling higher voltage while simplifying the cell sealing and electrode formation. The Zn/Ag alkaline system is used due to the large operating voltage, inherent charge capacity, long shelf life, and ease of fabrication. Several cells have been constructed using both plated and spun-on silver. The plated cells are shown to be limited in performance due to inadequate surface area and porosity; however, the cells made from spun-on colloidal silver show reasonable charge capacity and power performance with current densities of up to 200 uA/mm 2 and charge capacities of up to 18 mA-s/mm 2 . Second, a new printing method for interdigitated 3-D cells is introduced. A microfluidic printhead capable of dispensing multiple materials at high resolution and aspect ratio is described and used to form fine interdigitated cell features which show >10 times improvement in energy density. Representative structures enabled by this method are modeled, and the energy and power density improvements are reported.
Delayed Ratification: The Domestic Fate of Bilateral Investment Treaties

Some treaties are signed and then ratified quickly while others languish in legal limbo, unratified by one or more parties. What explains this variation in the time between signature and ratification? The international relations literature has not taken the ratification stage seriously enough, despite its obvious importance from a legal and a political perspective. We offer a systematic study of this question in the context of bilateral investment treaties. We develop and test a set of theoretical propositions related to domestic-level constraints on the executive, the varying ability of governments to rationally anticipate ratification obstacles, and the bilateral relationship between treaty partners. We generally find support for these propositions but report some surprising findings as well. The article presents implications for investment agreements and treaty making more generally, and raises a number of issues for further study at the intersection of international politics and law.
Joint symbol detection and timing estimation with stochastic M-algorithm

In digital communications, the symbol timing estimation is an very important element for high quality data detection. This paper considers the problem of joint symbol detection and timing estimation, whose optimal solution is analytically intractable. In this paper, a stochastic M-algorithm is proposed for the solution. The stochastic M-algorithm is a novel efficient particle filtering algorithm designed for discrete unknowns. To accommodate, in the stochastic M-algorithm, the continuous unknown symbol timing, the unscented Kalman filter is introduced, which leads to a very efficient implementation. The simulation results illustrated that the stochastic M-algorithm achieves similar performance to particle filtering with less than 1/25 of the complexity.
A Long-Distance Relationship between RNAi and Polycomb

RNA interference (RNAi) pathways can result in sequence-specific transcriptional gene silencing on the level of chromatin. In this issue of Cell, Grimaud et al. (2006) reveal that the RNAi machinery is required for long-distance physical interactions between chromosomes mediated by the Polycomb repressive complex. These results suggest that the RNAi machinery may regulate higher-order nuclear organization.
A Gender-Moderated Effect of a Functional COMT Polymorphism on Prefrontal Brain Morphology and Function in Velo-cardio-facial Syndrome (22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome)

Caused by a microdeletion at the q11.2 locus of chromosome 22, velo-cardio-facial syndrome (also known as VCFS, 22q11 deletion syndrome, DiGeorge sequence, and conotruncal anomalies face syndrome) is associated with a distinctive physical, neurocognitive, and psychiatric phenotype. Increasing interest has centered on identifying the candidate genes within the deleted region that may contribute to this phenotype. One attractive candidate gene is catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) because it encodes for a protein that degrades dopamine. Variability in COMT activity is related to a Val158Met polymorphism that has been implicated in prefrontal lobe cognitive and neuropsychiatric function. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on prefrontal anatomy and frontally-mediated neuropsychological function in 58 children with VCFS, 26 who were hemizygous for the Met allele and 32 for the Val allele. We found an allele by gender interaction effect on the volumes of the dorsal prefrontal and orbital prefrontal cortices. We did not find significant allele or gender by allele effects on neuropsychological tasks, although girls with the Met allele tended to perform better on the Wisconsin card sorting task. These data suggest that this functional COMT polymorphism may play a gender-moderated role in determining the neuroanatomic phenotype of individuals with VCFS. Longitudinal evaluation of these children is essential in order to identify potential clinical implications of this allele by gender interaction. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical and Biological Considerations

Partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal tumors dates to the late 1800s. Recent enthusiasm for renal-sparing surgery has been stimulated by the development of renal angiography, experience with renal vascular surgery for treatment of renal artery stenosis and other diseases, improved methods for preventing renal ischemic damage, the growing incidence of incidentally discovered low-stage renal tumors [1], and good long-term survival in early series of patients treated by partial nephrectomy [2]. Continued experience has established that partial nephrectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity and good preservation of renal function and can provide long-term cures of renal cancer. While radical nephrectomy is the procedure of choice for the curative excision of localized renal cell carcinoma, partial nephrectomy is indicated in patients in whom radical nephrectomy would result in the need for renal replacement therapy in the form of renal dialysis or transplantation.
Berlin versus Vienna: Disagreement about Anschluss in the Winter of 1918–1919

On November 12, 1918, three days after Germany had been declared a republic in Berlin, the Provisional National Assembly of the German population of Austria unanimously declared in Vienna that “German-Austria is a constituent part of the German Republic.” Had the declaration been accepted as more than a statement of intent, diplomatic relations between the two independent states would have been replaced by German-Austrian participation in the German government. In fact, the two governments continued to function independently and relations between them were conducted primarily through their respective foreign ministries despite the declaration of union ( Anschluss ). Moreover, just as conflicts between Berlin and Vienna had plagued the alliance between the German and Austro- Hungarian empires during World War I, disagreements about the Anschluss marred relations between the new German and Austrian republics in the weeks following the armistices of 1918. While the governments in both capitals desired the unification of the two states, there was discord between them about the procedure to follow to secure it. During the winter of 1918–19 Berlin and Vienna narrowed the differences between them about questions of tactics, but fundamental disagreement about the ultimate importance of Anschluss was never completely overcome. An examination of the disagreement between the two governments and its partial resolution may shed light on the complexity of the Anschluss issue, both as a problem of the peace settlements of 1919 and as background to the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938.
Identification and Characterization of Glycoproteins on the Spore Surface of Clostridium difficile

In this study, we identify a major spore surface protein, BclA, and provide evidence that this protein is glycosylated. Following extraction of the spore surface, solubilized proteins were separated by one-dimensional PAGE and stained with glycostain to reveal a reactive high-molecular-mass region of approximately 600 kDa. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of in-gel digests showed this band to contain peptides corresponding to a putative exosporangial glycoprotein (BclA3) and identified a number of glycopeptides modified with multiple N-acetyl hexosamine moieties and, in some cases, capped with novel glycans. In addition, we demonstrate that the glycosyltransferase gene sgtA (gene CD3350 in strain 630 and CDR3194 in strain R20291), which is located immediately upstream of the bclA3 homolog, is involved in the glycosylation of the spore surface, and is cotranscribed with bclA3. The presence of anti-β-O-GlcNAc-reactive material was demonstrated on the surface of spores by immunofluorescence and in surface extracts by Western blotting, although each strain produced a distinct pattern of reactivity. Reactivity of the spore surface with the anti-β-O-GlcNAc antibody was abolished in the 630 and R20291 glycosyltransferase mutant strains, while complementation with a wild-type copy of the gene restored the β-O-GlcNAc reactivity. Phenotypic testing of R20291 glycosyltransferase mutant spores revealed no significant change in sensitivity to ethanol or lysozyme. However, a change in the resistance to heat of R20291 glycosyltransferase mutant spores compared to R20291 spores was observed, as was the ability to adhere to and be internalized by macrophages.
Configuration Methodology for Traffic-Responsive Plan Selection: A Global Perspective

Although several studies have shown the potential great benefits of traffic-responsive plan selection (TRPS) control, time-of-day operation continues to be the primary method used to select patterns for signal control applications. This practice could be largely attributed to the minimal guidelines available on the setup of the TRPS mode. An innovative framework for TRPS system setup is provided, and guidelines for implementing TRPS in a simplified manner are shown. The guidelines, developed at Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), use a comprehensive approach that incorporates a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and a supervised discriminant analysis. Engineers can directly implement the guidelines presented as an initial design. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is used to illustrate the performance of TTI's TRPS configuration methodology.
Anti-Müllerian hormone testing is useful for individualization of stimulation protocols in oocyte donors.

While the age of a donor is a fundamental factor to the success of donor IVF, no serum markers have been demonstrated to be useful in predicting variability of ovarian response in individual donors. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been described as an accurate marker of ovarian response in patients undergoing IVF, but has not been applied to oocyte donors. AMH concentrations from 104 anonymous oocyte donors between the ages of 21-32 years were studied and IVF outcome parameters compared. AMH was correlated with several parameters including the number of oocytes retrieved (r = 0.232, P = 0.024), the peak oestradiol concentrations (r = 0.235, P = 0.024) and the need to decrease gonadotrophin dose in order to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (r = 0.274, P = 0.007). Receiver operating curve analysis was able to identify an AMH threshold that rendered about 70% sensitivity and 70% specificity for predicting the need to decrease gonadotrophin dosing. The clinical pregnancy rate was 77% per recipient and was not related to the donors' AMH concentrations. For oocyte donors, measurement of AMH appears most useful for determining gonadotrophin sensitivity in order to mitigate symptoms consistent with ovarian hyperstimulation.
Strengths and Weaknesses in Methods for Identifying the Causative Agent(s) of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a cytoplasmic retrovirus which is transmitted via body fluids, especially through blood products and sexual contact, and is the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Only about 5 to 10% of the patients infected with HIV contract AIDS; the great majority of infected people either develop a less aggressive condition (AIDS-related complex) or appear healthy. All persons infected with HIV may transmit the virus. In order to protect the national blood supply and to help in diagnosis, tests have been developed to identify infected persons. These include viral isolation techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), radioimmune precipitation (RIP) assay, Western blot, and, most recently, antigen identification and gene probes. Although the sensitivity and specificity among these methods varies, all are susceptible to false-positive and/or false-negative results. In order to understand the reasons for fragility in methodologies, it is necessary to appreciate several basic concepts related to the biochemistry, biology, pathophysiology, and genetic characteristics of HIV and related viruses. The purpose of this review is to present the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with emphasis on peculiar viral characteristics that lead to methodological defects or efficacies.
Exactly-once delivery in a content-based publish-subscribe system

This paper presents a general knowledge model for propagating information in a content-based publish-subscribe system. The model is used to derive an efficient and scalable Protocol for exactly-once delivery to large numbers (tens of thousands per broker) of content-based subscribers in either publisher order or uniform total order Our protocol allows intermediate content filtering at each hop, but requires persistent storage only at the publishing site. It is tolerant of message drops, message reorderings, node failures, and link failures, and maintains only "soft" state at intermediate nodes. We evaluate the performance of our implementation both under failure-free conditions and with fault injection.
Analysis of multihop lightwave networks

The authors present an analytical solution to the performance analysis of multihop lightwaves networks for both store-and-forward and hot potato routing with packet compression, taking into account the effects of packet misrouting and time out. The inefficiencies due to both misrouting and time out are investigated. The two schemes are compared on the basis of total delay experienced by a packet in the network and the mean number of hops. Numerical results show that the inefficiencies arising from misrouting and reinjection can be offset if the compression ratio is sufficiently high. For example, in a 10240 user network, with a compression ratio of 10, the maximum number of new packets which can be placed onto the network per unit of time for the hot potato algorithm can be a factor of 4 larger than that for store and forward. Compression is therefore worthwhile. For smaller compression ratios, the inefficiencies due to misrouting and time out are severe. For the same 10240 user network with a fixed arrival rate ( lambda =0.05), it is observed that a small compression ratio (C=2) produces no advantage and that for very high compression ratios (C>or=15) an asymptotic limit on improvement sets in. >
Inorganic Nitrogen Supply Effects on Alfalfa Forage Quality

Abstract Objectives were to evaluate the nutritive value of alfalfa treated with N. Alfalfa germplasms, Turkistan and Flemish, were grown in three growth chambers with N supplied at 0, 3, 5, and 10m M N as ammonium nitrate. Alfalfa regrowth was harvested after 34 d. Digestibility, NDF, ADF, and permanganate lignin did not differ among rates of N application or between germplasms. Ammonia and pH of fluid from ruminal incubations also did not differ. Concentration of N of alfalfa increased as rate of N application increased. Nitrate N concentration increased from .17±.03% for the rate at 0m M N to .75±.06% for the rate at 10m M N. Gas production decreased from 19.4 d 100mg of forage with the rate at 0m M N to 12.3 ml/100mg of forage with the rate at 10m M N. Gas production was correlated with N concentration (r = –.72) and with nitrate concentration (r = –.82). Ruminal microorganisms incubated with alfalfa treated with 10m M N produced 21% less total VFA and less propionic acid than microorganisms incubated with alfalfa treated with 0m M N. Nitrate added to untreated alfalfa reduced gas production similarly to treated alfalfa and also had no effect on digestibility. Application of high concentrations of N to alfalfa can lower energy available to ruminants.
Induction of haemolytic anaemia by substituted phenylhydrazines.

Summary. The induction of anaemia and reticulocytosis by arylhydrazines was influenced by substituents on the benzene ring of phenylhydrazine. Arylhydrazines with ortho substituents, which would hinder the binding by haemoglobin of a ligand derived from the arylhydrazine, resulted in the least anaemia and reticulocytosis. These results are consistent with a previous finding that hydrazinobenzoic acid, which did not produce a ferrihaemochrome from ferrihaemoglobin, did not induce anaemia. The parallelism between the formation of a ferrihaemoglobin compound and the induction of anaemia supports the hypothesis that destabilization of haemoglobin by the binding of a ligand derived from the aryl portion of an arylhydrazine is an essential step in arylhydrazine-induced haemolytic anaemia.
Retirees on Facebook: can online social networking enhance their health and wellness?

An individual's social network has a strong impact on his or her mental and physical health. This is of particular consequence for senior citizens who are at greater risk of social isolation after retirement, due to loss of spouse, mobility issues, and recent emphasis on aging in place, i.e., in smart homes. Can online social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook help alleviate social isolation of aging alone by enabling seniors to maintain high-quality social interactions? How can we make senior-friendly design improvements to SNSs? A preliminary national survey (N =168) of adults over 55 revealed that for those who had joined an SNS, the primary motivation cited for signing up was persuasion by a friend or family member, while non-users cited a strong lack of interest rather than a lack of knowledge or skill, with implications for theory and design of SNS technology for senior citizens.
Christian Cooperation and Ministry Effectiveness: Insights and Applications from Empirical Research in Group Processes

“Co-operation and the Promotion of Unity” was one the major themes addressed at Edinburgh 1910. The goal was increased cooperation among Christian organizations that would lead to greater ministry effectiveness. Five group processes are presented in light of empirical studies demonstrating their ability to increase group performance: 1) Trust (reciprocal beliefs that the one party will promote the well being of another; 2) Constructive conflict (objective consideration and evaluation of various ways of accomplishing a common goal); 3) Decision commitment (beliefs held by all parties concerning the importance of following through on group decisions); 4) Accountability (the expectation that a party may be called to justify its beliefs and actions to other parties and to accept the consequences); and 5) Group goals (beliefs held by all parties concerning desired outcomes). The application of these processes to Christian organizations desiring to grow in Christian cooperation and ministry effectiveness is discussed.
A queueing model for managing small projects under uncertainties

Abstract We consider a situation in which a home improvement project contractor has a team of regular crew members who receive compensation even when they are idle. Because both projects arrivals and the completion time of each project are uncertain, the contractor needs to manage the utilization of his crews carefully. One common approach adopted by many home improvement contractors is to accept multiple projects to keep his crew members busy working on projects to generate positive cash flows. However, this approach has a major drawback because it causes “intentional” (or foreseeable) project delays. Intentional project delays can inflict explicit and implicit costs on the contractor when frustrating customers abandon their projects and/or file complaints or lawsuits. In this paper, we present a queueing model to capture uncertain customer (or project) arrivals and departures, along with the possibility of customer abandonment. Also, associated with each admission policy (i.e., the maximum number of projects that the contractor will accept), we model the underlying tradeoff between accepting too many projects (that can increase customer dissatisfaction) and accepting too few projects (that can reduce crew utilization). We examine this tradeoff analytically so as to determine the optimal admission policy and the optimal number of crew members. We further apply our model to analyze other issues including worker productivity and project pricing. Finally, our model can be extended to allow for multiple classes of projects with different types of crew members.
Chapter 1: Clean Tech IP Is for Real

Clean Tech Intellectual Property: Eco-marks, Green Patents, and Green Innovation, by Eric L. Lane, is the first comprehensive review of intellectual property and clean technology. It analyzes the interplay of clean technologies and IP regimes using industry trends, legal developments and case studies to demonstrate how IP law is influencing the growth of clean tech and how green business models are shaping IP practice. The book explains how clean tech companies can leverage green patents to create and expand their businesses and includes strategies and cases studies relating to prosecuting green patent applications, building green patent portfolios, and licensing clean technologies. The effects of significant green patent and trademark litigation on the clean tech industry are also examined. Special focus is given to issues of "eco-mark" prosecution and green branding, from the brand owner perspective and from a consumer protection standpoint, including a discussion of "greenwashing." The book critically examines clean tech IP policies and discusses the international debate over the role of IP in efforts to curb global climate change.
String Stability Analysis of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control under Jamming Attacks

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is considered as a key enabling technology to automatically regulate the inter-vehicle distances in a vehicle platooning while maintaining the string stability. Although the cyber and physical parts in the existing CACC systems are integrated in one control framework, the research on realistic modeling and security issues of these systems are still largely open. A good modeling of cyber characteristics and awareness of cyber attacks impact on the CACC operation leads to a better understanding of system design and defense mechanisms. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the vehicle string stability by considering a realistic wireless channel under a mobile reactive jamming attack. We examine the stability of the platoon under attacks by conducting extensive simulations for a wide range of realworld lead vehicle’s acceleration profiles. We utilize timedomain definition of string stability to delineate the impact of the jamming attacks on the CACC system’s functionality and string stability. We also examine the attacker’s possible locations at which it can destabilize the string.
G20(P) Child death and deterioration review group

Background In order to improve outcomes for acutely unwell children and young people it is essential to learn from those cases in which children deteriorate and die. In our trust there was no universal record of child deaths or deteriorations and no over view of cases to identify learning, either positive or developmental. Aims The child death and deterioration (CDAD) review group was formed to enable a rapid multi-disciplinary timely review of every child death and unplanned PICU admissions. It allows concerns related to the care or cause of death to be identified, identifies need for more detailed reviews, investigation of adverse events and noting of good practice. Methods Group includes senior doctors and nursing staff, palliative care and risk team. Weekly meetings review cases from the preceding week. Cases are allocated 15 min and the patient’s team (ideally medical and nursing) presents. Trainees are encouraged to attend. Cases are discussed, actions generated and graded 1–6 according to standard of care given. We also gather parent/ patient feedback regarding unplanned PICU admissions to help provide insight into the perception they have of care provided. Results/measures Over the first year of CDAD, 38 child deaths and 138 unplanned PICU admissions have been reviewed. Various data including demographics, clinical area admitted from, involvement of outreach and palliative care teams, cause of death/deterioration and clinical grading are available (see figures 1–4). Multiple lessons of positive and negative practices as well as action plans are collated and fed back via care groups QuEST (M and M type) meeting. Favourable event reporting forms are completed for individuals and teams who have delivered excellent care. Lessons for practice Good discussion between professional groups and different specialities occurs including consideration of number areas of non technical elements. This has identified system, human interaction, equipment, environment and personal factors (including knowledge) that can be improved as well as a number of areas of good practice for spread and adoption.
Supramolecular polymeric biomaterials

Polymeric chains crosslinked through supramolecular interactions—directional and reversible non-covalent interactions—compose an emerging class of modular and tunable biomaterials. The choice of chemical moiety utilized in the crosslink affords different thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of association, which in turn illustrate the connectivity and dynamics of the system. These parameters, coupled with the choice of polymeric architecture, can then be engineered to control environmental responsiveness, viscoelasticity, and cargo diffusion profiles, yielding advanced biomaterials which demonstrate rapid shear-thinning, self-healing, and extended release. In this review we examine the relationship between supramolecular crosslink chemistry and biomedically relevant macroscopic properties. We then describe how these properties are currently leveraged in the development of materials for drug delivery, immunology, regenerative medicine, and 3D-bioprinting (253 references).
Converting Wind Energy to Ammonia at Lower Pressure

Renewable wind energy can be used to make ammonia. However, wind-generated ammonia costs about twice that made from a traditional fossil-fuel driven process. To reduce the production cost, we replace the conventional ammonia condensation with a selective absorber containing metal halides, e.g., calcium chloride, operating at near synthesis temperatures. With this reaction-absorption process, ammonia can be synthesized at 20 bar from air, water, and wind-generated electricity, with rates comparable to the conventional process running at 150–300 bar. In our reaction-absorption process, the rate of ammonia synthesis is now controlled not by the chemical reaction but largely by the pump used to recycle the unreacted gases. The results suggest an alternative route to distributed ammonia manufacture which can locally supply nitrogen fertilizer and also a method to capture stranded wind energy as a carbon-neutral liquid fuel.
Cancer survivability with logistic regression

In this paper, we report on our experiments with SEER data and the problem of five-year survivability prediction using logistic regression. This work provides a detailed process for data cleaning and binary classification of 338,596 breast cancer patients. We achieve a high level of precision and recall for automatic binary classification of this data with logistic regression. This paper also gives a detailed analysis of our statistical test of significance for feature selection.