cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging ideas: Novel 3-D quantification and classification of cam lesions in patients with femoroacetabular impingement.

Background Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can lead to labral injury, osseous changes, and even osteoarthritis. The literature contains inconsistent definitions of the alpha angle and other nonthree-dimensional (3-D) radiographic measures. We present a novel approach to quantifying cam lesions in 3-D terms. Our method also can be used to develop a classification system that describes the exact location and size of cam lesions.
Structures of Thermophilic and Mesophilic Adenylate Kinases from the Genus Methanococcus

The crystal structures of adenylate kinases from the thermophile Methano- coccus thermolithotrophicus and the mesophile Methanococcus voltae have been solved to resolutions of 2.8 Aand 2.5 A ˚ , respectively. The structures of the enzymes are similar to that of the adenylate kinase from archaeal Sulfolobus acidocaldarius in many respects such as the extended central b- sheets, the short LID domain, and the trimeric state. The analysis of unli- gated and AMP-bound subunits of M. voltae suggests that movements of two mobile domains are not independent of each other. The methanococ- cal structures are examined with respect to their lack of the "invariant" Lys residue within the phosphate-binding loop, and two Arg residues in the LID domain are proposed as substituting residues based on their con- servation among archaeal adenylate kinases and mobility within the struc- tures. Since S. acidocaldarius adenylate kinase has the invariant Lys residue as well as the two Arg residues, its phosphate-binding loop is examined and compared with those of other adenylate kinases. On the basis of the comparison and other available biochemical data, the unusual confor- mation of the Lys residue in S. acidocaldarius adenylate kinase is explained. Despite possessing 78% sequence identity, the methanococcal enzymes exhibit significantly different thermal stabilities. To study the determi- nants of thermostability, several structural features including salt-links, hydrogen bonds, packing density, surface to volume ratio and buried sur- face area are compared between the enzymes. From their difference in apolar buried surface area, hydrophobic interaction is proposed to be a basis for the disparate thermostabilities, and the corresponding free energy difference is also estimated. Results of previous mutational studies are interpreted in terms of the crystal structures, and support the import- ance of hydrophobic interactions in thermostability. q 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Genetically modified cells: applications for intracerebral grafting

Grafting cells to the CNS is a useful approach to address fundamental and clinical issues in neurobiology. Recently, a hybrid technique - the genetic modification of cells followed by intracerebral implantation - has emerged, which may potentially enhance the power of CNS grafting. However, several methodological considerations need to be addressed to test the reliability of this new approach. Progress in the gene transfer-grafting technique has implications for expanding the range of issues and problems that may be addressed in both the basic science and clinical arenas.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms A Mechanism in the Relationship Between Early Sexual Victimization and Incapacitated/Drug-or-Alcohol-Facilitated and Forcible Rape

Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administration of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particularly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical restraint). The present investigation tested a model of risk for IR/DAFR and FR suggesting that child or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which in turn increase the likelihood of IR/DAFR, but not FR. Results revealed full mediation for PTSD hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and IR/DAFR, and partial mediation for hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and FR. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Formation of juvenile continental crust in the Arabian-Nubian shield: Evidence from granitic rocks of the Nakasib suture, NE Sudan

Major and trace element data, U–Pb zircon ages, and initial isotopic compositions of Sr, Nd, and Pb are reported for ten granitic and one rhyolitic rock sample from the neo-Proterozoic Nakasib suture in NE Sudan. Chemical data indicate that the samples are medium- to high-K, "I-type" granitic rocks that mostly plot as "volcanic arc granites" on discriminant diagrams. Geochronologic data indicate that rifting occurred 790±2 Ma and constrain the time of deformation associated with suturing of the Gebeit and Haya terranes to have ended by approximately 740 Ma. Isotopic data show a limited range, with initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.7021 to 0.7032 (mean=0.7025), eNd(t) =+5.5 to +7.0 (mean=+6.4), and 206Pb/204Pb = 17.50–17.62. Neodymium model ages (TDM; 0.69–0.85 Ga; mean = 0.76 Ga) are indistinguishable from crystallization ages (0.79–0.71 Ga; mean=0.76 Ga), and the isotopic data considered together indicate derivation from homogeneously depleted mantle. The geochronologic data indicate that the terrane accretion to form the Arabian–Nubian shield began just prior to 750 Ma. The isotopic data reinforces models for the generation of large volumes of juvenile continental crust during neo-Proterozoic time, probably at intra-oceanic convergent margins. The data also indicate that crust formation was associated with two cycles of incompatible element enrichment in granitic rocks, with an earlier cycle beginning approximately 870 Ma and culminating approximately 740 Ma, and the second cycle beginning after pervasive high-degree melts – possibly hot-spot related – were emplaced approximately 690–720 Ma.
Super-Resolution Microscopy: A New Dimension in Focal Adhesions

Super-resolution light microscopy images of integrin-mediated adhesions have revealed that signaling and cytoskeletal proteins reside at characteristic vertical distances between the plasma membrane and F-actin.
Constructing a Prison in the Forest: Conflicts Over Nature, Paradise, and Identity

Abstract Prison expansion can be considered a geographical solution to deindustrialization and globalization. Postindustrial prison development to address declining productive industries in amenity-rich rural areas, however, can catalyze struggles over shifting rural land uses, ideals, and identities. Using participant observation, interviews, and texts, this article examines a prison siting in Appalachian Pennsylvania. The prison and the changes it might bring were strategically constructed by local politicians and then by citizen opponents and proponents of the prison. Alternative discourses that indicated differing levels of reliance on making a living from the local land, desires for “working” or “amenity” land uses, views toward minority newcomers associated with the prison, and legitimacy in land-use decision making played key roles in the prison debate. While prisons may seem a viable avenue for rural economic development, this article suggests that alternatives, such as indigenous, small-scale ent...
Resilience by teaming in supply network formation and re-configuration

Abstract In an increasingly interconnected world, physical, service, and digital supply networks are becoming progressively more complex, dynamic, and interdependent. Moreover, sustainability concerns push for higher efficiency in the use of resources, reducing protective redundancies and making supply networks more susceptible to disruptions. Supply network resilience is an emerging concept related to the inherent ability of a network to tolerate and overcome disruptions, a central capacity to achieve long term-sustainable operations. However, current understanding of the impact of network formation and re-configuration mechanisms on resilience is at its early stages. In this article, resilience by teaming (RBT) association decisions, inspired in the fault-tolerance by teaming principle from Collaborative Control Theory, are characterized and applied in network formation and re-configuration mechanisms. The impact of RBT on emerging supply network topology and resilience under targeted and random disruptions is measured and compared to scenarios were only traditional association rules are applied. Results show that the introduction of supply network agents using RBT association rules significantly (1) increases quality of service (QoS) with no significant cost increase in normal operation, (2) increases post-disruption QoS by 15–30% under random disruptions and 10% under targeted disruptions without cost increase vs. normal operation - when at least 20% of the agents use RBT association rules.
RADIATIONS FROM CERIUM-141

The beta spectrum of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{141}$ has been examined with an intermediate-image spectrometer adapted for coincidence measurements. The beta decay was found to be complex with two beta groups of maximal energies 574\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 kev and 432\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 kev. The data obtained indicated the presence of a single gamma ray, with an energy of 144.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 kev. Coincidence measurements inferred that the gamma ray was in coincidence with the lower-energy beta group. Gamma-ray spectra obtained with a scintillation spectrometer and a thin-lens spectrometer indicated that only one gamma ray is present in ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{141}$. Transitions ascribed to higher- and lower-energy beta groups are $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=\ensuremath{-}1$, "yes" and $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=0$, "yes," respectively. The gamma ray is probably magnetic dipole radiation. An ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ state, with odd parity, is assigned to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{141}$; a ${g}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ state, with even parity, is assigned to the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{141}$.
Forecasting time series with increasing seasonal variation

Four options for modeling and forecasting time series data containing increasing seasonal variation are discussed, including data transformations, double seasonal difference models and two kinds of transfer function-type ARIMA models employing seasonal dummy variables. An explanation is given for the typical ARIMA model identification analysis failing to identify double seasonal difference models for this kind of data. A logical process of selecting one option for a particular case is outlined, focusing on issues of linear versus non-linear increasing seasonal variation, and the level of stochastic versus deterministic behavior in a time series. Example models for the various options are presented for six time series, with point forecast and interval forecast comparisons. Interval forecasts from data-transformation models are found to generally be too wide and sometimes illogical in the dependence of their width on the point forecast level. Suspicion that maximum likelihood estimation of ARIMA models leads to excessive indications of unit roots in seasonal moving-average operators is reported.
PRODUCTIVE CONFLICT: NEGOTIATION AS IMPLICIT COORDINATION

This study uncovers the benefits of conflict through examining the functions, intergroup relationships, and symbolic significance of negotiation. Drawing from survey and ethnographic data in two teacher‐school board negotiations, the study reveals that bargaining serves a communication function of signaling potential problems, clarifying misunderstandings, and exchanging information. These functions surface indirectly through interaction patterns and subtle cues implicit in arguments, proposal exchanges, and examples. The productive nature of conflict in negotiation also hinges on developing ties among and between teams, constituents, and publics.
Vitamin D, calcium, and epidermal differentiation.

I. Introduction THE SKIN is the sole source of cholecalciferol or vitamin D3 (D3), the precursor for a family of vitamin D metabolites whose best understood role is the regulation of bone mineral homeostasis (see Fig. 1). In the skin D3 is produced by a two-step mechanism from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) (1). The first step, the breaking of the B ring after UV irradiation, results in the formation of pre-D3; the second step, the thermal conversion of pre-D3 to D3, provides for a sustained release of D3 to the body where it undergoes subsequent metabolism first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and then in a variety of tissues to additional metabolites, the most potent of which is 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. The plant sterol ergosterol undergoes a similar photoactivation to ergocalciferol or vitamin D2 (D2). D2 differs from D3 in that it contains a double bond between C22–23 and a methyl group at C24 of the side chain. In humans the metabolism of D2 and the potency of its metaboli...
On modelling pattern formation by activator-inhibitor systems

The formation of spatially patterned structures in biological organisms has been modelled in recent years by various mechanisms, including pairs of reaction-diffusion equations $$u_t = D_{\text{1}} \nabla ^{\text{2}} u + f(u,v)$$ , $$v_t = D_{\text{2}} \nabla ^{\text{2}} v + g(u,v)$$ .
Electronic structure of liquid and amorphous alloys with clusters

Abstract Some metallic alloys exhibit strong dependencies of their transport coefficients composition (e.g., TlTe), the conductivity going through a sharp minimum at the composition of an intermetallic compound and the thermopower changing its sign at the same time. We present a simple model which explains these dependencies. Our main assumption is that clustering effects are important. They lead to the appearance of a pseudogap in the density of states. This model is subsequently combined with percolation theory to estimate the conductivity and the thermopower.
English around the world and in South Africa

(1983). English around the world and in South Africa. English Academy Review: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 101-114.
Physiology and morphology of descending neurons in pheromone-processing olfactory pathways in the male moth Manduca sexta.

1. We have characterized the responses and structure of olfactory descending neurons (DNs) that reside in the protocerebrum (PC) of the brain of male sphinx moths Manduca sexta and project toward thoracic ganglia. 2. Excitatory responses of DNs to pheromone blends were of two general types: (a) brief excitation (BE) that recovered to background in <1 s after the stimulus, and (b) long-lasting excitation (LLE) that outlasted the stimulus by ≥1 s and, in many cases, as long as 30 s. Individual pheromone components were ineffective in eliciting LLE. 3. Some neurons showing LLE also exhibited state-dependent responses to pheromonal stimuli. When such neurons were in a state of low background firing, stimulation with pheromone blend elicited LLE. When they were in a state of LLE, an identical stimulus reduced firing for 5–10 s after which firing gradually increased to the initial higher level. 4. Thirteen stained DNs were reconstructed from serial sections for detailed analysis of their morphology in the brain. DNs exhibiting LLE had neurites concentrated in the lateral accessory lobes (LALs) in the protocerebrum and adjacent neuropil. Most DNs exhibiting only BE to pheromonal stimuli and other DNs showing responses only to visual or mechanosensory stimuli did not have branches in the LALs.
Planar Waveguide: Utility in Amino Acid Detection

A device for the detection of fluorescently labeled nucleic acid sequences immobilized or hybridized to the surface of a planar waveguide has been developed. The device described requires no image gathering or analysis utilities, nor any specially patterned waveguide surface for detection. The system consists of an excitation light source and a photo detector, filters for select fluorescent emissions and a standard glass microscope slide that functions as a planar waveguide (PWG) and assay substrate. The device can discriminate fluorescent DNA products hybridized to a glass based array as effectively as laser based reader instruments, and is a low cost system with a high potential for full automation. The system’s functional parameters are presented along with design schematics of current prototypes. Performance data is also presented showing test results comparable to pre-established fluorescence detection means. Future design goals are also discussed. It is concluded that as a component in telemedicine or other remote medical care strategies, the detection means presented can play a significant role in bringing molecular diagnosis and gene detection to arenas of medical care where it is currently unavailable.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Considerations on real-time processing of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar data

This paper comprises a description of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) processing approaches and a discussion on the processor complexity measures. The objective of the paper is to provide basic system knowledge on the design of a real-time signal processor for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. A review of SAR sensor performance capability and general electronic processing approaches will be given first. The discussion of SAR processor complexity is divided into two areas: the arithmetic complexity and the control complexity. A generalized treatment of these subjects is provided. The results could be readily extended to special cases.
Initiation of 3T3 fibroblast cell division by epidermal growth factor

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) at concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(-10) M initiates cell division in both confluent and low density non-dividing 3T3 cells. Four days after addition of EGF to confluent or low density non-dividing 3T3 cells there is a 2- and 5-fold increase, respectively, in cell number.
Transmission of Cotton Fiber Strength and Extensibility1.2

The breaking tenacities and breaking elongations of six experimental cottons are compared in several textile structures. These structures include single fibers, fiber Pressley bundles, yarns, and fabrics in two constructions.It is shown that the breaking tenacity of single fibers is not fully transmitted to more complex textile structures. The degree of transmission of single fiber strength is not constant for the six cottons, hut is dependent upon the breaking tenacity of the single fibers. The transmission of fiber breaking elongation to more complex textile structures also is found to vary for the six cottons and to be inversely proportional to the single fiber breaking elongation.It is concluded that while the differences among the experimental cottons in fiber strength and extensibility are clearly evident in the textile structure properties, these differences tend to be leveled out by the textile manufacturing operations.
Parenting in the USA: Growing Adversity

This article focuses on a discussion of selected social and economic stressors facing an increasing number of US families. The specific stressors discussed are violence, poverty and single-parent families. Such stressors have both a direct and an indirect impact on children. It is asserted that parenting (including parental functioning) is a primary mediating and/or moderating variable in regard to the indirect impact these stressors have on many children, especially young children. It is recommended that programs targeting the impact of adversity on children should take a broad ecological approach including a focus not only on the children but also on their parents.
Unusual ignition behavior of polyurethane/carbon nanotube composites with a He–Ne laser excitation (632.8 nm) during micro-Raman spectroscopy

Abstract We report a spontaneous ignition of carbon nanotubes/polyurethane composite under He–Ne laser. The ignition of the composite is caused by rapid increase of the temperature to at least 660 K due to absorption of light by carbon nanotubes. This temperature was estimated from G band downshift of the carbon nanotube caused due to the bond loosening due to thermal expansion of the bonds. The morphology of the nanocomposite under ignition was studied using SEM and optical microscopy, and revealed craters of dimension on the order of the focused laser beam. This unusual synergistic effect was hypothesized as the result of poor thermal conduction between carbon nanotube and polymer matrix.
Sexual Dimorphism in Plasma Leptin Concentration

Leptin, the obese (ob) gene product, is thought to be a lipostatic hormone that contributes to body weight regulation through modulating feeding behavior and/or energy expenditure. The determinants of plasma leptin concentration were evaluated in 267 subjects (106 with normal glucose tolerance, 102 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 59 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes). Fasting plasma leptin levels ranged from 1.8-79.6 ng/mL (geometric mean, 12.4), were higher in the obese subjects, and were not related to glucose tolerance. Women had approximately 40% higher leptin levels than men at any level of adiposity. After controlling for body fat, postmenopausal women had still higher leptin levels than men of similar age, and their levels were not different from those in younger women. Multiple regression analysis showed that adiposity, gender, and insulinemia were significant determinants of leptin concentration, explaining 42%, 28%, and 2% of its variance, respectively. Neither age nor the waist/hip ratio was significantly related to leptin concentration. Thus, our data indicate that gender is a major determinant of the plasma leptin concentration. This sex difference is not apparently explained by sex hormones or body fat distribution. Leptin's sexual dimorphism suggests that women may be resistant to its putative lipostatic actions and that it may have a reproductive function.
Parametrization of the {sup 2}H({gamma},p)n reaction between 185 and 420 MeV

A simple parametrization of the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$(\ensuremath{\gamma},p)n$ cross-section data from LEGS, Mainz, and Bonn at laboratory photon energies between 187.5 and 420 MeV and the LEGS and Mainz beam asymmetry data between 185 and 412 MeV has been done. The fit represents both the energy and angular dependence of the cross section and asymmetry in terms of Legendre polynomials. A reduced ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ of 1.641 is obtained for the cross-section data with a total of 20 parameters. Three of the parameters are renormalization factors introduced to permit the three cross-section data sets to float relative to one another. The resulting renormalization factors are found to be well within the quoted systematic uncertainties for each experiment. The energy dependence of the parameters is in good agreement with fits done to the Mainz data at individual energies. The asymmetries are fit with an additional eight parameters with a reduced ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ of 1.229.
Retention of medical genetics knowledge and skills by medical students

Purpose: To determine whether specific knowledge and skills medical students acquire after completing a Year 1 genetics course are retained at the end of Year 3. Methods: A genetics case was developed for an observed structured clinical exam at the end of Year 3. The case involved a pregnant patient who underwent population screening for cystic fibrosis and is identified as a carrier of a common mutation. Student's performance in completing eight essential genetic tasks taught in Year 1 was assessed by their ability to apply these concepts in the Year 3 observed structured clinical exam. Results: A total of 212 students were included in the study. Performance on the essential tasks revealed that students were better able to discuss inheritance pattern (73.1%). Students were less likely to calculate and discuss fetal risk (25%), discuss the option of prenatal diagnosis if the father is a carrier (25%), and ask about a family history of cystic fibrosis (36.8%). Only half (50%) explained the test result and implications to the patient. There was no correlation between individual student exam scores in Year 1 and the eight essential genetics tasks scores assessed in the observed structured clinical exam (r = 0.003, P ≤ 0.67). Conclusion: Third year medical students do not retain medical genetics knowledge and skills learned in the first year of medical school. Medical schools need to integrate genetics curriculum through the continuum of the 4 years of medical school.
modules on spaces of rational maps

Let $X$ be an algebraic curve. We study the problem of parametrizing geometric structures over $X$ which are only generically defined. For example, parametrizing generically defined maps (rational maps) from $X$ to a fixed target scheme $Y$ . There are three methods for constructing functors of points for such moduli problems (all originally due to Drinfeld), and we show that the resulting functors are equivalent in the fppf Grothendieck topology. As an application, we obtain three presentations for the category of $D$ -modules ‘on’ $B(K)\backslash G(\mathbb{A})/G(\mathbb{O})$ , and we combine results about this category coming from the different presentations.
Expression of the Oligomerization Domain of the Replication-associated Protein (Rep) of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Interferes with DNA Accumulation of Heterologous Geminiviruses

The minimal DNA binding domain of the replication-associated protein (Rep) of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi viruswas determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift analysis and co-purification assays. DNA binding activity maps to amino acids 1–160 (Rep-(1–160)) of the Rep protein and overlaps with the protein oligomerization domain. Transient expression of Rep protein (Rep-(1–160)) was found to inhibit homologous viral DNA accumulation by 70–86% in tobacco protoplasts and in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The results obtained showed that expression of N-terminal sequences of Rep protein could efficiently interfere with DNA binding and oligomerization activities during virus infection. Surprisingly, this protein reduced accumulation of the African cassava mosaic virus, Pepper huasteco yellow vein virusandPotato yellow mosaic virusby 22–48%. electrophoretic mobility shift assays and co-purification studies showed that Rep-(1–160) did not bind with high affinity in vitro to the corresponding common region sequences of heterologous geminiviruses. However, Rep-(1–160) formed oligomers with the Rep proteins of the other geminiviruses. These data suggest that the regulation of virus accumulation may involve binding of the Rep to target DNA sequences and to the other Rep molecules during virus replication.
Crystallization and characterization of a fragment of pseudouridine synthase RluC from Escherichia coli.

RluC from E. coli is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the isomerization of uridines 955, 2504 and 2580 in 23S rRNA to pseudouridine. Histidine-tagged RluC was cloned, overexpressed and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. A proteolytically derived fragment of the enzyme consisting of residues 89–319 has been shown to retain catalytic activity. Crystals of this fragment, grown by precipitation with sodium acetate at pH 8.0, belong to space group P321, with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 97.1, c = 86.3 A and have two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The flash-frozen crystals diffract X-rays to at least 2.3 A resolution and appear suitable for crystal structure determination.
Forces between Alumina Surfaces in Salt Solutions: Non‐DLVO Forces and the Implications for Colloidal Processing

Direct measurements of the forces between basal (0001) surfaces of sapphire in salt solutions are presented. The measurements reveal the presence of forces in addition to those described by classical DLVO theory. At pH 7.2 in 0.01M NaBr solution, we find an additional short-range oscillatory force with periodicity approximately equal to twice the diameter of a water molecule. At pH 3 we find an additional strong, short-range, monotonic, repulsive force and a long-range attractive force over a range of NaBr concentrations from 0.001 M to 0.1 M. Both monotonic forces are approximately exponential, with decay lengths of 0.55 and 12 nm, respectively. The short-range force is analogous to hydration forces previously measured on negatively charged surfaces. This force would provide plasticity to alumina slurries and is suggested to be the force responsible for the anomalous viscosity and consolidation behavior of alumina slurries at high salt concentrations.
Nature's Pulsing Paradigm

While the steady state is often seen as the final result of development in nature, a more realistic concept may be that nature pulses regularly to make a pulsing steady stata—a new paradigm gaining acceptance in ecology and many other fields. In this paper we compare tidal salt marshes, tidal freshwater marshes, and seasonally flooded fresh-water wetlands as examples of pulsed ecosystems. Despite marked differences in species composition, biodiversity, and community structure, these wetland types are functionally similar because of the common denominator of water flow pulses. Often a period of high production alternates with a period of rapid consumption in these fluctuating water-level systems, a biotic pulsing to which many life histories, such as that of the wood stork, are adapted. Pulsing of medium frequency and amplitude often provides an energy subsidy for the community thus enhancing its productivity. The energy of large-scale pulses such as storms are usually dissipated in natural ecosystems with little harm to the biotic network; however, when seawalls, dikes, or stabilized sand dunes are constructed to confront these strong pulses, the whole ecosystem (and associated human structures) may be severly damaged when the barriers fail because too much of the storm energy is concentrated on them. The relationship between biologically mediated internal pulsing, such as plant-herbivore or predator-prey cycles, and physical external pulsing is discussed not only in wetlands but in other ecosystem types as well. An intriguing hypothesis is that ecosystem performance and species survival are enhanced when external and internal pulses are coupled. We suggest that if pulsing is general, then what is sustainable in ecosystems, is a repeating oscillation that is often poised on the edge of chaos.
Single Chromatographic Step for β-Galactosidase Purification: Influence of Salt and Elution Parameters

β-galactosidase purification was performed by ion exchange chromatography in which the main elution parameters and different elution salts (NaCl, KCl, and (NH4)2SO4) were evaluated through distinct purification strategies. Among the salts under analysis, KCl was the best one for β-galactosidase purification, since it reached a 95.1% recovery and an 8.2-fold purification factor. NaCl, which is the most common elution salt found in the literature, obtained a 75.1% recovery and a 7.5-fold purification factor whereas ammonium sulfate, as salt elution, yielded a 72.1% recovery and a 3-fold purification factor in the same conditions.
Verbal-Performance IQ-Discrepancy and Rhythm Test Performance

Summary.-The Seashore Rhythm Test, Form A, was administered to 90 strongly right-handed undergraduates who were placed in one of three WAIS Verbal-Performance IQ-discrepancy groups: High Verbal, Equal, or High Performance. In each group were 15 men and women. Subjects also rated their use of two guessing strategies, a sequential strategy and a holistic strategy, in completing the rhythm test. The High Performance group made significantly lower scores than the High Verbal and Equal groups who performed similarly. 33% of the High Performance group were below the clinical cut-off for this test as opposed to only 39% of High Verbal and 10% of the Equal groups. All groups reported using the sequential strategy most frequently and equally. Research on cerebral latedlization of rhythm perception has produced some contradictory findings. The Seashore Rhythm Test, Form A, is included in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery and requires subjects to decide whether two rhythmic patterns of 5, 6, or 7 notes are the same or different. This rhythm test does not distinguish between aphasics and nonaphasics (Reitan, 1966) or between patients with left- and right-hemisphere damage (Milner, 1962; Reed & Fitzhugh, 1966; Reitan, 1964). The ability to reproduce the inherent rhythm in a well-known musical passage appears to be unaffected by the intracarotid sodium amytal injection of the left or right hemisphere in right-handed individuals who are left-hemisphere dominant for language (Gordon & Bogen, 1974). Both sets of findings suggest bilateral control of rhythmic abilities. In contrast to these data some researchers (Halperin, Nachshon, & Carmon, 1973; Natale, 1977; Robinson & Solomon, 1974) have reported a superiority of the right ear as indicative of left-hemisphere dominance for perception of rhythmic patterns presented dichotically. Delayed auditory feedback to subjects' tapping rhythms has been shown to be more disruptive to the left ear (Bradshaw, Nettleton, & Geffen, 1972; Roberts & Gregory, 1973; Tsunoda, 1968). Gregory, Harriman, and Roberts (1972) presented a pure tone to one ear every 1000 msec., and subjects adjusted the onset of the tone in the other ear so that the tone alternated regularly between the ears at 500-msec.. intervals. The tone coming to the right ear followed the tone to the left ear by less than 500 msec. presumably because it was delayed in transmission to the right hemisphere where the judgment of regularity of rhythm was made.
The effect of low molecular weight dextran on the micro-circulation of skin

Summary 1.L.M.W.D. was found to produce a measurable increase in the blood flow rate in isch˦mic skin flaps. 2.The blood flow was measured by the radio-sodium clearance rate. 3.The increase in blood flow rate could be maintained by a slow continuous infusion of L.M.W.D. 4.The average period between administration of L.M.W.D. and the onset of an increase in blood flow was 44 minutes. 5.Increased bleeding from a recent wound was a constant side effect with the use of L.M.W.D. 6.Renal complications were not encountered.
Petrogenetic mixing models and Nd-Sr isotopic patterns

The possible Nd and Sr isotopic variations which would result from assimilation of continental crust by mantle-derived magmas can be systematized by considering the chemical and isotopic compositions of the magmas and models for layering within the continental crust. These systematics may provide a valuable framework for studying crustal contamination, the formation of magmas within the crust, and the chemical and age structure of continental segments. The isotopic patterns arise from (1) the overall contrast in Nd and Sr isotopic composition between old continental crust and mantle magma sources, (2) regularities in the variations of ^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr in crustal rocks which are related to age and the contrasting geochemical behavior of Sm and Nd relative to Rb and Sr. Consideration of two-component mixing models suggests that the correlation of initial Nd and Sr isotopes in selected young basalts could represent a mixing line, possibly between mantle reservoirs of distinct chemistry and age. However, the possibility that the trend results from mixing of old low - Sm/Nd, high - Rb/Sr crustal material with complementary high - Sm/Nd, low - Rb/Sr mantle reservoirs cannot be eliminated. Such recycling of crust into the mantle could occur in subduction zones. One problem with a recycling model to explain the correlation is that it requires the crustal endmember to have chemical and isotopic properties which do not appear to be common in crustal rocks.
The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists of the self-stimulation phenomenon☆

Abstract In an attempt to evaluate the possible existence of alpha- and/or beta- adrenergic components of the self-stimulation reward system, rats were injected (i.p.) with chlorpromazine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg), phentolamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), and propranolol hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). The alpha- adrenergic antagonists (chlorpromazine and pehntolamine) inhibited self-stimulation but the beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) was without significant effect. Self-stimulation is apparently mediated by the alpha-adrenergic system.
Microbial fuel cell biofilm characterization with thermogravimetric analysis on bare and polyethyleneimine surface modified carbon foam anodes

Abstract Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of microbial biofilms on bare and polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface modified carbon foam is described. PEI-modified carbon foam was incorporated into a microbial fuel cell (MFC) as the anode, inoculated with electrogenic bacteria, and the voltage and power outputs were monitored over five weeks. The results were compared to MFCs containing unmodified carbon foam anodes. Biofilm formation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and TGA. TGA is presented as a new method to assess the relative amounts of biofilm on an electrode surface.
Angerlike behavioral state potentiates myocardial ischemia-induced T-wave alternans in canines.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The main goal of this study was to determine whether induction of an angerlike state can result in significant levels of T-wave alternans, a marker of electrical instability, in the normal and ischemic heart. BACKGROUND Outbursts of anger have been implicated in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS A standardized behavioral challenge of eliciting an angerlike state was conducted before and during a 3-min period of coronary artery occlusion in six canines. RESULTS Precordial T-wave alternans increased from 0.04 ± 0.02 at baseline to 1.40 ± 0.32 mV × ms (p CONCLUSIONS Provocation of an angerlike state results in T-wave alternans in the normal heart and potentiates the magnitude of ischemia-induced T-wave alternans. Elevation in heart rate during arousal does not appear to be the main factor in the development of alternans in the normal heart but may be an important component during myocardial ischemia. Enhanced adrenergic activity appears to mediate the effects in both the normal and ischemic hearts. T-wave alternans may constitute a useful electrophysiologic measure for clinical use in conjunction with behavioral stress testing or ambulatory monitoring.
The environmental psychology of child sexual abuse

This paper offers an environmental psychological analysis of child sexual abuse, a pervasive and disruptive societal problem. Earlier analyses of child sexual abuse have emphasized clinical, social, and developmental concepts and methodologies, while neglecting the environmental context of the problem. The proposed conceptualization of child sexual abuse suggests that a broader understanding of the etiology and psychosocial consequences of this problem can be achieved by integrating theoretical constructs drawn from clinical, social, developmental, and environmental psychology. First, some of the key findings and analytical perspectives from earlier studies of child sexual abuse are reviewed and then those findings are linked to a broader analysis of people-environment transactions. This transactional approach emphasizes contextual influences on the etiology and psychosocial outcomes of child sexual abuse, and suggests both clinical and environmental design strategies to reduce the prevalence and disruptive impacts of this problem.
Nonclassical correlations between terahertz-bandwidth photons mediated by rotational quanta in hydrogen molecules.

Quantum photonics offers much promise for the development of new technologies. The ability to control the interaction of light and matter at the level of single quantum excitations is a prerequisite for the construction of potentially powerful devices. Here we use the rotational levels of a room temperature ensemble of hydrogen molecules to couple two distinct optical modes at the single photon level using femtosecond pulses with 2 THz bandwidth. We observe photon correlations that violate a Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, thereby verifying the creation of a nonclassical state. This work demonstrates the rich potential of molecules for use in ultrafast quantum photonic devices.
Assessment of the CCSD and CCSD(T) coupled-cluster methods in calculating heats of formation for Zn complexes.

Heats of formation were calculated using coupled-cluster methods for a series of zinc complexes. The calculated values were evaluated against previously conducted computational studies using density functional methods as well as experimental values. Heats of formation for nine neutral ZnXn complexes [X = -Zn, -H, -O, -F2, -S, -Cl, -Cl2, -CH3, (-CH3)2] were determined at the CCSD and CCSD(T) levels using the 6–31G** and TZVP basis sets, as well as the LANL2DZ-6–31G** (LACVP**) and LANL2DZ-TZVP hybrid basis sets. The CCSD(T)/6–31G** level of theory was found to predict the heat of formation for the non-alkyl Zn complexes most accurately. The alkyl Zn species were problematic in that none of the methods that were tested accurately predicted the heat of formation for these complexes. For the seven non-alkyl species, the CCSD(T)/6–31G** level of theory was shown to predict the most accurate heat of formation values. In instances where experimental geometric parameters were available, these were most accurately predicted by the CCSD/6–31G** level of theory; going to CCSD(T) did not improve agreement with the experimental values.
Trade Unionism in the Iron Industry: A Decadent Organization

I. Earlier history of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 674. — Its strength broken by the Homestead strike of 1892, 675. — Its policy suicidal, 676. — Gradually driven out of the Steel Corporation, 677. — II. The Association's annual agreements with the Western Bar Iron Association, 678. — III. Reasons for the continuing hold of the union, 681. — Dissension among the iron workers, 682. — The insurgent movements defeated, 682. — IV. Place of the Association in the sheet and tin plate industry, 686. — V. Its future dubious, 688.
DETERMINATION OF THE STRENGTH OF AN ICE SHEET FROM SMALL SAMPLE DATA

The results of various types of tests on small-scale samples of ice are discussed and compared. Some of the results, particularly those associated with varying load rates, are explained by introducing the effects of time-dependent plasticity and grain size. A simple model is presented which explains some of the load rate effects in uniaxial specimens. The potential application of small-scale tests to predicting strengths of ice sheets is discussed.
Melting transitions from the S1 and S2 phases of ethane adsorbed on graphite

Abstract Heat capacity measurements of ethane adsorbed on graphite in the vicinity of the melting transition from the low-density submonolayer solid phase S 1 and from the intermediate density solid phase S 2 show only weak and broad anomalies consistent with continuous melting transitions from both solids. These heat capacity results allow the phase diagram of ethane at intermediate coverages to be mapped out in detail. Good agreement is found with previous determinations of the phase boundaries obtained using low-energy electron diffraction.
MULTIVARIATE MONTGOMERY IDENTITIES AND OSTROWSKI INEQUALITIES

ABSTRACT Multivariate Montgomery type identities are developed involving, among others, integrals of mixed partial derivatives. These lead to new multivariate Ostrowski type inequalities. These inequalities in their right-hand sides involve Lp -norms of the engaged mixed partials. An application is given at the end to Probability.
Is PPP sensitive to time-varying trade weights in constructing real effective exchange rates?

Abstract While the use of real effective exchange rates in stationarity tests of purchasing power parity (PPP) avoids the problems created using bilateral rates, these rates are often constructed using trade shares that are fixed at a single base year. This method fails to take into account the fact that trade shares can change drastically in parts of the world that are undergoing dramatic transformations. In this study, we apply linear as well as nonlinear stationarity tests to 52 currencies’ real effective rates, which were constructed using time-varying weights. Incorporating a time trend, we are also able to assess whether breakdowns in PPP are due to productivity differentials. We find that while nonlinear tests provide more evidence of “productivity bias” than do linear tests, they do not provide much more evidence of PPP. A comparison to a previous study that used fixed-weight data shows that there is somewhat more evidence of productivity bias using the new dataset, especially in Eastern Europe and Asia. We can conclude that PPP and a key cause of its breakdown are somewhat sensitive to the use of time-varying weights in these stationarity tests.
Introduction to simulation

Simulation is a valuable tool in the study of complex systems. This paper discusses the fundamental principles of simulation. Its intent is to provide sufficient background in simulation that the potential user would be encouraged to follow through with additional study and soon come abreast of the techniques of simulation.
Demographics and Industry Returns

How do investors respond to predictable shifts in profitability? We consider how demographic shifts affect profits and returns across industries. Cohort size fluctuations produce forecastable demand changes for age-sensitive sectors, such as toys, bicycles, beer, life insurance, and nursing homes. These demand changes are predictable once a specific cohort is born. We use lagged consumption and demographic data to forecast future consumption demand growth induced by changes in age structure. We find that demand forecasts predict profitability by industry. Moreover, forecast demand changes five to ten years in the future predict annual industry stock returns. One additional percentage point of annualized demand growth due to demographics predicts a 5 to 10 percentage point increase in annual abnormal industry stock returns. However, forecasted demand changes over shorter horizons do not predict stock returns. A trading strategy exploiting demographic information earns an annualized risk-adjusted return of approximately 6 percent. We present a model of inattention to information about the distant future that is consistent with the findings. We also discuss alternative explanations, including omitted risk-based factors.
Property instantiation in conceptual combination

In four experiments, I examined how a property in one concept is transferred to a second concept during conceptual combination. The results suggest that people instantiate properties: that is, they use a specific representation of a property in the modifier concept to construct a new version of that property that is specific to the combination. If people are instantiating properties, then the modifier property should match its counterpart in the combination to the extent that the modifier and head noun are similar. This observation leads to a variety of predictions (supported by the experiments) about interpretations of similar and dissimilar combinations and about plausibility, preference, and similarity judgments associated with such interpretations. The results argue against an alternative view of transfer that posits that, in general, abstract representations of properties are copied from one concept to another. In this paper, I describe various processing accounts of instantiation and discuss the implications of the instantiation view for theories of metaphor, conceptual combination, and induction.