cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoionization of Methylphenothiazine in Palladium Ion-Exchanged SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 Silicoaluminophosphate Microporous Materials at Room Temperature

Palladium ion-exchanged SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 silicoaluminophosphate microporous materials were examined for the photoionization of N-methylphenothiazine (PC1) with 320 nm irradiation at room temperature. Photoionization of Pd-containing SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 materials results in the formation of N-methylphenothiazine radical cations (PC1+.). The radicals were identified by electron spin resonance (ESR). The PC1+. yield was found to increase with increasing Pd content suggesting that the Pd ion serves as the electron acceptor site. The photoefficiency depends on the nature of the Pd species, the Pd content, and the channel size of the SAPO material. It is noteworthy that the photoyield of methylphenothiazine cation radical is higher in solid-state ion-exchanged Pd-SAPO materials compared to other hosts including α-ZrP, NiVPI-5, M-ETS-10, Ti-MCM-41, VAPO-5, CrH-SAPO-8, Cu-X and CuH-UHM-3.
The multicomponent nature of teratoma cell adhesion factor.

Abstract The multicomponent nature of teratoma cell adhesion factor has been demonstrated. Fractionation of crude ascites fluid on a DEAE cellulose ion exchange column shows that two or more components are involved in teratoma adhesion factor (TAF) activity. Glycoproteins (or proteoglycans) in fractionated ascites fluid were localized in polyacrylamide gels. The possible role of these sugar-containing molecules in teratoma cell adhesion and current hypotheses on the mechanism of carbohydrate involvement in intercellular adhesion are discussed.
Carboxypeptidase M: a biomarker for the discrimination of well-differentiated liposarcoma from lipoma

The discrimination between well-differentiated liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors and lipomas can be diagnostically challenging at the histological level. However, cytogenetic identification of ring and giant rod chromosomes supports the diagnosis of well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumor. These abnormal chromosomes are mainly composed of amplified genomic sequences derived from chromosome 12q13-15, and contain several genes, including MDM2, CDK4 (SAS), TSPAN31, HMGA2, and others. MDM2 is consistently amplified in well-differentiated liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors, and up to 25% in other sarcomas. As part of a large genomic study of lipomatous neoplasms, we initially found CPM to be consistently amplified in well-differentiated liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors. To further explore this initial finding, we investigated the copy number status of MDM2 and CPM by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on a series of 138 tumors and 17 normal tissues, including 32 well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumors, 63 lipomas, 11 pleomorphic lipomas, 2 lipoblastomas, 30 other tumors and 17 normal fat samples. All 32 well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumors showed amplification of MDM2 and CPM, usually >20 copies per cell. The other tumors lacked MDM2 and/or CPM amplification. Chromogenic in situ hybridization confirmed the above results on a subset of these tumors (n=27). These findings suggest that identification of CPM amplification could be used as an alternative diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumors.
Lupus neutrophils: 'NET' gain in understanding lupus pathogenesis.

Purpose of reviewHistorically, researchers have focused on the role of adaptive immunity in lupus pathogenesis; recently, however, there has been renewed interest in the contributions of a prototypical innate immune cell – the neutrophil.Recent findingsNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are relea
Directed star decompositions of the complete directed graph

An (s, t)-directed star is a directed graph with s + t + 1 vertices and s + t arcs; s vertices have indegree zero and outdegree one, t have indegree one and outdegree zero, and one has indegree s and outdegree t. An (s, t)-directed star decomposition is a partition of the arcs of a complete directed graph of order n into (s, t)-directed starsx. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions on s, t, and n for an (s, t)-directed star decomposition of order n to exist.
Chemical equilibrium and molar group contribution analysis of the flammability of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate

Abstract An important biopolymer, PHB, has no published data on its flammability. This study estimates ignition temperature and calculates heat release capacity for PHB to determine flammability. Using chemical equilibrium calculations to predict evolution of flammable species, the ignition temperature of PHB is estimated to be 375 °C (to about ±10 °C). Using the molar group contribution method, the PHB heat release capacity is calculated to be 765 J/g-K. Both the PHB ignition temperature and heat release capacity indicate that PHB has an average flammability for a commodity polymer.
In vitro stability and chemical reactivity of thiosulfinates.

A model reaction system was used to generate pure thiosulfinates (3) from S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides (1) to facilitate studies on the intrinsic pH and thermal sensitivities of individual thiosulfinate species. Thiosulfinate decay could be characterized as first-order processes over the pH range of 1.2−9.0 and at 20−80 °C. The stability of thiosulfinates was greatest at pH 4.5−5.5, followed by pH 1.2, pH 6.5−7.5, and pH 8.0−9.0. Thiosulfinates with longer and saturated alk(en)yl groups were generally more stable than those with shorter and unsaturated alk(en)yl groups. Thiosulfinates underwent thioalkyl-exchange reactions at pH 8−9 without loss of total thiosulfinate levels within 60−90 min at 20 °C. Keywords: Thiosulfinates; Allium; organosulfur; stability; reactivity; thioalk(en)yl-exchange
Comparison of Dynamic Planar SOFC Models With Different Assumptions of Temperature Layers in Energy Balance

As Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology is quickly developing and continuously evolving, high-fidelity mathematical models based on physical principles become essential tools for SOFC system design and analysis. Different modeling assumptions, however, are used by different groups, while in-depth analysis of influence of these assumptions on model performance can not be found in literature. Meanwhile, to support system optimization and control design activities, a trade-off often has to be made between high fidelity and low complexity. One factor that could define this trade-off is the number of temperature layers assumed to represent the SOFC structure. In this paper, we investigate different models for co-flow planar SOFCs that are derived using the finite volume approach with different assumptions of temperature layers in energy balance. The model with four temperature layers is used as the baseline model, and the other models aimed at reducing the complexity of the baseline model are developed and compared through simulations for different steady state and transient scenarios. Simulation results show that the model with as few as two temperature layers—solid structure and air flow—is able to capture the dynamics of SOFCs, while assuming only one temperature layer results in substantially different dynamic characteristics.© 2006 ASME
Talker Separation and Sequential Stream Segregation in Listeners with Hearing Loss: Patterns Associated with Talker Gender.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relations between the ability to separate simultaneous sentences spoken by talkers of different gender and the ability to separate pitch patterns in a s...
Characterization of the prostaglandin H2 mimic: Binding to the purified human thromboxane A2 receptor in solution

Abstract For decades, the binding of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to multiple target proteins of unrelated protein structures which mediate diverse biological functions has remained a real mystery in the field of eicosanoid biology. Here, we report that the structure of a PGH2 mimic, U46619, bound to the purified human TP, was determined and compared with that of its conformation bound to the COX-downstream synthases, prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS). Active human TP protein, glycosylated and in full length, was expressed in Sf-9 cells using a baculovirus (BV) expression system and then purified to near homogeneity. The binding of U46619 to the purified receptor in a nonionic detergent-mimicked lipid environment was characterized by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The conformational change of U46619, upon binding to the active TP, was evidenced by the significant perturbation of the chemical shifts of its protons at H3 and H4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The detailed conformational changes and 3D structure of U46619 from the free form to the TP-bound form were further solved by 2D 1H NMR experiments using a transferred NOE (trNOE) technique. The distances between the protons of H11 and H18, H11 and H19, H15 and H18, and H15 and H19 in U46619 were shorter following their binding to the TP in solution, down to within 5 A, which were different than that of the U46619 bound to PGIS and U44069 (another PGH2 mimic) bound to TXAS. These shorter distances led to further separation of the U46619 α and ω chains, forming a unique “rectangular” shape. This enabled the molecule to fit into the ligand-binding site pocket of a TP model, in which homology modeling was used for the transmembrane (TM) domain, and NMR structures were used for the extramembrane loops. The proton perturbations and 3D conformations in the TP-bound U46619 were different with that of the PGH2 mimics bound to PGIS and TXAS. The studies indicated that PGH2 can adopt multiple conformations in solution to satisfy the specific and unique shapes to fit the different binding pockets in the TP receptor and COX-downstream enzymes. The results also provided sufficient information for speculating the molecular basis of how PGH2 binds to multiple target proteins even though unrelated in their protein sequences.
Differential diagnosis of ventricular septal defect in infancy: a common problem.

Abstract An analysis was made of 105 proved cases of congenital cardiac defects in infants under 1 year of age who were seen between 1950 and 1960. Patients were selected who presented with the following clinical findings: (1) a loud or moderately loud systolic murmur maximal in the third and fourth interspaces along the left sternal border; (2) congestive heart failure; (3) absent or minimal cyanosis; and (4) roentgenographic evidence of a large heart with increased pulmonary vasculature. Sixty-five (62%) of the patients selected in this fashion were found to have large ventricular septal defects. This comprised nearly all of the sick infants (65 out of 69) with adequate clinical data and a proved diagnosis of a large ventricular septal defect seen during the 10 year period. Nine different malformations were found to have masqueraded as ventricular septal defects. Two others were added from the literature. The relative frequency of this occurrence is presented. Conversely, the frequency with which the individual defects failed to mimic clinically a ventricular septal defect is analyzed and discussed. The roentgenographic findings were nonspecific, even in retrospect, and were of little aid in all but 3 cases of truncus arteriosus. The electrocardiographic findings, when analyzed with regard to evidence of ventricular hypertrophy or overload, were of value in eliminating possible diagnoses only in cases of aortic stenosis and total aberrant pulmonary venous drainage. Further, the electrocardiographic findings were almost specific in the detection of persistent atrioventricular canal. At the present time it appears necessary to perform cardiac investigative studies (cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography) in a majority of infants who present with this syndrome in order to determine the diagnosis and proper treatment.
Vagus nerve stimulation and late-onset bradycardia and asystole: case report.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy is approved in the United States by the FDA in 1997 for medically refractory partial epilepsy in patients of ages 12 years and above. The most common stimulation-associated side effects are voice alteration, hoarseness, throat and neck pain, headache, cough, and dyspnea. Four patients with VNS had late-onset bradycardia and asystole, attributed to VNS stimulation. Their ages were 13, 17, 47, and 55. Cardiac symptoms were noted after 2.33–9 years postimplantation [1–4]. Three cases had symptoms correlated with stimulation, monitored by electrocardiogram [1,2,4]. This new case report highlights cardiac syncope with very similar clinical presentation as previous four cases, and raises the concern for cardiac symptoms, even many years after VNS implantation.
TH-C-ValB-05: Rapid Low-Dose 3D Image-Guided Treatment Verification of Sites Prone to Respiratory Motion Using Breath-Hold On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS)

Purpose: This study examines the potential use of on‐board digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for image‐guided treatment verification of sites prone to respiratory motion. DTS is a fast, low‐dose method for reconstructing 3‐ D images from 2‐D projection data, acquired with a limited scan angle. In the treatment room, a 45° DTS scan can be acquired in less than 10 seconds, making rapid breath‐hold DTS a simple method for acquiring 3‐D treatment verification images, devoid of respiratory motion. Method and Materials: On‐board DTS images of ten human liver, pancreas, and lung subjects were reconstructed from kV CBCT projection data, acquired on a Varian 21EX Clinac equipped with an on‐board imager (OBI), either during a breath‐hold or while subjects were freely breathing. Corresponding reference DTS (RDTS) images were reconstructed from breath‐hold planning CT data. Soft‐tissue visibility was compared between breath‐hold DTS and free‐breathing DTS and CBCT, to assess the potential efficacy of the breath‐hold DTS strategy for 4‐D image‐guided treatment verification. Results: Breath‐hold DTS markedly improved the rendering of soft‐tissue abdominal and thoracic anatomy, compared with free‐breathing DTS or CBCT. Organ structures were clearly defined, and even low‐contrast target malignancies were often visible in breath‐hold DTS reconstructions. Free‐breathing DTS and CBCTreconstructions, on the other hand, often exhibited artificially enlarged target volumes and poor visibility of soft‐tissue anatomy, due to motion averaging effects. Conclusion: Rapid breath‐hold DTS enhances the visibility of bony and soft‐tissue anatomy in sites prone to respiratory motion, facilitating daily localization of soft‐tissue targets. Breath‐hold DTS localization is superior to free‐breathing on‐board CBCT for thoracic and abdominal image‐guidance.Conflict of Interest: This research was supported in part by a grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Conformation of DNA in ethylene glycol

Abstract Detailed circular dichroism studies lead us to propose that the low temperature form of DNA in ethylene glycol is the C type conformation. We confirm that DNA in high salt is intermediate between B and C form and suggest that the high temperature form of DNA in ethylene glycol is a “random coil”. Speculation on C form DNA as an important in vivo conformation is given in the conclusion. The DNA-ethylene glycol system offers a convenient way to study this structure.
Design of field wrappers for mobile field data collection

In mobile field data collection, data gatherer requires to get geospatial information service to support in navigating to the right locations, describing context of observed object and providing thematic information for sampling or analysis. The framework how to get this information is subject to the variation in users with different levels of knowledge about information services, applications with different need of information, and limitations of field computing environments. In this paper, we present a new concept--field wrapper, which is an extension of wrapper concepts to the field data collection environments as a means of isolating the heterogeneity of field users, applications, and computing environments from infrastructure functions. The goal of our approach of field wrapper, which is as an important part of the mediator-based framework for collecting and using geospatial data in the field, is to enable any device with any user in the field to readily and easily interact with a larger computing infrastructure to search, retrieve, and get geospatial and other kinds of data. The key idea is to characterize the field environments to get an abstract field view. From this view, the system generates a field wrapper that facilitates query translation from user general request to the precise syntax statement accepted by mediator and result translation from native result to the specific result accepted by field user.
Sediment trace metals and PCB input history in Lake Anna, Virginia, USA

Damming of the North Anna River in 1972 created Lake Anna, a cooling water source for the Dominion nuclear power plant as well as a popular recreation site in Spotsylvania and Orange counties, Virginia, USA. Previously dated (210-Pb) sediment cores from seven locations within the lake and three locations in the adjoining Waste Heat Treatment Facilities (WHTF) were analyzed for trace metals (Al, Ba, Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to examine the environmental evolution of the reservoir system. The reservoir has a history of mining activities in its watershed and unusually elevated concentrations of PCBs were found in fish tissues from previous studies. Therefore, dated sediment cores provided the framework for both the temporal and spatial analysis of possible sources and flux histories for both trace metals and PCBs. The trace metals results suggest that, though the upper reaches are relatively less impacted, the old mine tailings from the now ceased mining activities in the watershed of Contrary Creek tributary continue to dominate the sediment chemistry of the lower portion of the lake basin, signified by sediment enrichment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn. Lagoon-2 of the WHTF also seems to be receiving unusually high loadings of Cd (12.5 ± 1.07 μg/g) that is probably associated with waste materials from the nuclear power plant that maintains the lagoons. PCB sediment concentrations were relatively low in the lower sections of the basins with values typically being <3.5 ng/g. The upper reaches of the basin had several PCB hotspots, with the surface sediments of Terry’s Run tributary having values as high as 53.13 ng/g. The spatial distribution of PCBs seems to suggest the upper reaches of the basin as the probable source, with the unusually high concentrations near bridges suggesting a possible link between the PCBs and old bridge fill materials. The oldest lacustrine sediments also had relatively high trace metals and PCB values signifying a probable role of soil disruption and sediment reconcentration during reservoir construction.
Escaping Trajectories in the Hill Three-Body Problem and Applications

Low-energy escaping trajectories in the Hill three-body problem are investigated numerically using a Poincare map that relates the crossing of a plane containing one of the collinear libration points back to the first periapsis passage. This set of periapsis points is confined in a small region that determines some conditions for escape from any planetary satellite. In particular, the minimum energy to escape from a given circular orbit is obtained together with restrictions on the initial conditions (inclination, argument of periapsis, and longitude of the ascending node). This leads to a new optimal transfer criterion for the class of directly escaping trajectories. Savings on the order of 130 m/s in the case of Europa are obtained when compared to a classic two-body model. The results are also extended to the problem of low-energy capture. Numerical applications are given for the cases of Miranda, Europa, Titan, and Triton.
Breeding Systems of Three Tree Ferns : Alsophila firma (Cyatheaceae), Cyathea stipularis (Cyatheaceae), and Lophosoria quadripinnata (Lophosoriaceae) :

Breeding-system data have been available for a large number and diverse array of angio-sperms for a relatively long time. In contrast, breeding systems of ferns and their allies (pteridophytes) have only recently been examined, and breeding-system data from natural populations of sporophytes are still lacking for pteridophytes representing many life-history strategies. Few studies, for example, have examined breeding systems of tropical pteridophytes, and no breeding-system data are available for tree ferns. We therefore examined the breeding systems of three species of tree ferns from Costa Rica, Alsophila firma (Cyatheaceae), Cyathea stipularis (Cyatheaceae), and Lophosoria quadripinnata (Lophosoriaceae) using enzyme electro-phoresis. Genetic data were used to estimate intragametophytic self-fertilization and F, the fixation index. Analysis of genetic data indicates that the gametophytes of these three species predominantly cross-fertilize; all three species would be characterized as outcrossers. However, some population-to-population variation in breeding system was detected in all three species. Outcrossing also typifies a diverse array of temperate ferns. Thus, despite the potential for self-fertilization, outcrossing appears to characterize the majority of pteridophytes representing a variety of evolutionary lineages, life-history strategies, and environments.
Enabling exploration: travelers in the middle east archive

In this paper, we describe the Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA), a digital archive focused on Western explorations in the Middle East between the 18th and early 20th centuries 7. TIMEA brings together TEI-encoded texts and digital images stored in DSpace, research and teaching materials in Connexions, and GIS maps made available online through ArcIMS. By using the functionality of three distinct systems, TIMEA enables users to more fully understand the materials, place them in context, and conduct queries. We outline the rationale for this architecture, the challenges it presents, and our approach to providing an integrated user experience.
Networks that approximate vector-valued mappings

A network architecture capable of approximating an arbitrary pattern of vectors by a linear superposition of nonlinear vector fields is proposed. The authors' approach is based on a direct extension of the method of basis functions to the representation of vector-valued mappings. In the proposed network architecture, vector approximation is represented as a form of auto-association. The output field must reproduce as closely as possible the set of input vectors. It is shown that, with a simple and relatively small set of connection weights, it is possible to represent a broad spectrum of vector patterns and to generate a functionally meaningful decomposition of these patterns into zero-curl and zero-divergence components. >
Infection prevention promotion program based on the PRECEDE model: improving hand hygiene behaviors among healthcare personnel

behaviors. design. Time series design. setting Our study was conducted at a tertiary care academic center. participants. Hospital healthcare personnel. methods. We developed a multimodal program that included a multimedia communications campaign, education, leadership engagement, environment modification, team performance measurement, and feedback. Healthcare personnel hand hygiene practices were measured via direct observations over a 3-year period by “undercover” observers. results. Overall hand hygiene compliance increased by 2-fold after full program implementation ( ), and this increase was P ! .001 sustained over a 20-month follow-up period ( ). The odds for compliance with hand hygiene increased by 3.8-fold in the 6 months P ! .001 after full program implementation (95% confidence interval, 3.53‐4.23; ), and this increase was sustained. There was even a modest P ! .001 increase at 20 months of follow up. Hand hygiene compliance increased among all disciplines and hospital units. Hand hygiene compliance increased from 35% in the first 6 months after program initiation to 77% in the last 6 months of the study period among nursing providers ( ), from 38% to 62% among medical providers ( ), and from 27% to 75% among environmental services staff ( ). P ! .001 P ! .001 P ! .001 conclusions. Implementation of the infection prevention promotion program was associated with a significant and sustained increase in hand hygiene practices among healthcare personnel of various disciplines.
Non-intrusive dynamic application profiler for detailed loop execution characterization

Application profiling - the process of monitoring an application to determine the frequency of execution within specific regions - is an essential step within the design process for many software and hardware systems. In this paper, we present an efficient innovative, non-intrusive dynamic application profiler (DAProf) capable of profiling an executing application by monitoring the application's short backwards branches and providing detailed profiling statistics for characterizing loop execution behavior. DAProf is ideally suited for hardware/software partitioning approaches in which detailed loop execution information is needed to provide accurate performance estimates. DAProf provides a profiling accuracy of greater than 90% with only an 11% area overhead compared to a small ARM9.
The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl ester modulates microglial activities, inhibits TNF production, and provides dopaminergic neuroprotection.

Recent animal and human studies implicate chronic activation of microglia in the progressive loss of CNS neurons. The inflammatory mechanisms that have neurotoxic effects and contribute to neurodegeneration need to be elucidated and specifically targeted without interfering with the neuroprotective effects of glial activities. Synthetic triterpenoid analogs of oleanolic acid, such as methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me, RTA 402) have potent anti-proliferative and differentiating effects on tumor cells, and anti-inflammatory activities on activated macrophages. We hypothesized that CDDO-Me may be able to suppress neurotoxic microglial activities while enhancing those that promote neuronal survival. Therefore, the aims of our study were to identify specific microglial activities modulated by CDDO-Me in vitro, and to determine the extent to which this modulation affords neuroprotection against inflammatory stimuli. We tested the synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me, RTA 402) in various in vitro assays using the murine BV2 microglia cell line, mouse primary microglia, or mouse primary peritoneal macrophages to investigate its effects on proliferation, inflammatory gene expression, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. The antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of CDDO-Me were also investigated in primary neuron/glia cultures from rat basal forebrain or ventral midbrain. We found that at low nanomolar concentrations, treatment of rat primary mesencephalon neuron/glia cultures with CDDO-Me resulted in attenuated LPS-, TNF- or fibrillar amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide-induced increases in reactive microglia and inflammatory gene expression without an overall effect on cell viability. In functional assays CDDO-Me blocked death in the dopaminergic neuron-like cell line MN9D induced by conditioned media (CM) of LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia, but did not block cell death induced by addition of TNF to MN9D cells, suggesting that dopaminergic neuroprotection by CDDO-Me involved inhibition of microglial-derived cytokine production and not direct inhibition of TNF-dependent pro-apoptotic pathways. Multiplexed immunoassays of CM from LPS-stimulated microglia confirmed that CDDO-Me-treated BV2 cells produced decreased levels of specific subsets of cytokines, in particular TNF. Lastly, CDDO-Me enhanced phagocytic activity of BV2 cells in a stimulus-specific manner but inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mixed neuron/glia basal forebrain cultures and dopaminergic cells. The neuroimmune modulatory properties of CDDO-Me indicate that this potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound may have therapeutic potential to modify the course of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition. The extent to which synthetic triterpenoids afford therapeutic benefit in animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease deserves further investigation.
The role of ARNT2 in tumor angiogenesis and the neural response to hypoxia.

Abstract The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) activates the transcription of many genes required for cellular and organismal responses to oxygen deprivation. The HIF-1 complex is composed of the ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix/PAS (bHLH/PAS) proteins HIF-1α and Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT). ARNT2 is a conserved ARNT homolog that is highly expressed in neurons, suggesting that ARNT2/HIF-1α heterodimers mediate transcriptional responses to oxygen deprivation in the nervous system. We show here that ARNT2 forms functional HIF complexes in vivo, and that ARNT2 restores hypoxia-induced gene expression to ARNT-deficient ES cells and hepatocytes. Formation of neural ARNT2/HIF-1α complexes in Arnt−/− ES cell-derived teratocarcinomas may explain why these tumors express VEGF, vascularize and grow efficiently, in contrast to ARNT-deficient hepatomas. Interestingly, all neural cell types studied accumulate both ARNT- and ARNT2-containing HIF complexes. We conclude that ARNT2 forms functional HIF complexes in neurons and plays an integral role in hypoxic responses in the CNS.
ON THE MECHANISM OF QUENCHING OF SINGLET OXYGEN BY AMINES-III. EVIDENCE FOR A CHARGE-TRANSFER-LIKE COMPLEX

— A series of amines were found to quench singlet oxygen in the order tertiary > secondary > primary, with a reasonable correlation between the log of their rate constant of quenching and their ionization potential. In addition, a Hammett rho plot gave a rho value of - 1.39 for the quenching of singlet oxygen by a series of substituted N, N-dimethylanilines, in good agreement with the results obtained by a different method. It was found that some of the amines (anilines) quenched the triplet state of the dye-sensitizer (Rose Bengal) used for the production of singlet oxygen. Corrections in the results were made in the calculations of rates of quenching of singlet oxygen to allow for the triplet-state quenching. No extensive quenching of the singlet state of the dye was observed at the concentrations of the amines necessary for singlet-oxygen quenching. In one case (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylphenylenediamine) there was no observable chemical reaction between singlet oxygen and the amine. It was concluded that singlet oxygen undergoes physical quenching by the amines via partial charge-transfer intermediates.
Predicting Deer Hunting Intentions Using the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Survey of Oregon Big Game Hunters

This article describes deer hunters' profiles and assesses the applicability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting deer hunting intentions. Model assessment was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The TPB model successfully predicted hunting intentions. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) emerged as the strongest predictor of hunting intentions, followed by subjective norms, while the effect of attitudes was not significant. These findings imply that TPB could be useful for understanding why people participate in deer hunting and deer hunting is not under complete volitional control. The findings suggest that hunters fully intended to participate in deer hunting. Resource managers may want to consider initiating viable programs and strategies to enhance hunting success rate and quality of experiences by enhancing control beliefs through enhancing opportunities and skills.
Time line of redox events in aging postmitotic cells

The precise roles that oxidants play in lifespan and aging are still unknown. Here, we report the discovery that chronologically aging yeast cells undergo a sudden redox collapse, which affects over 80% of identified thiol-containing proteins. We present evidence that this redox collapse is not triggered by an increase in endogenous oxidants as would have been postulated by the free radical theory of aging. Instead it appears to be instigated by a substantial drop in cellular NADPH, which normally provides the electron source for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. This decrease in NADPH levels occurs very early during lifespan and sets into motion a cascade that is predicted to down-regulate most cellular processes. Caloric restriction, a near-universal lifespan extending measure, increases NADPH levels and delays each facet of the cascade. Our studies reveal a time line of events leading up to the system-wide oxidation of the proteome days before cell death.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00306.001.
Creating an Epiphany with Martha E. Rogers

Creating an epiphany or integral manifestation with Martha Rogers is discussed in the context of her science of unitary human beings, Barrett's power theory, and yinyang. It is shown how Martha's science is related to an epiphany with her. Questions are raised and speculations are made about an epiphany with Martha living in the universe and about gender.
Effect of HC1 Concentration on the Distribution Factors of Iron and Mercury in Foam Separation

Abstract A recycling batch foam separation apparatus has been used for the measurement of the distribution factors, Γ/c, of the anionic metal chloro complexes of iron and mercury with the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltri-methylammonium bromide. As a function of HC1 concentration, optimum values in distribution factors occur at roughly 0.3N HC1 for Hg and roughly 8N HC1 for Fe. Separations are thus possible by control of HC1 concentration.
Unified approach to high- and low-energy strong interactions on the basis of the Mandelstam representation

We wish here to outline an approach to the theory of strong interactions, based on the Mandelstam representation, that treats high- and low-energy phenomena in a unified manner. Our approach, which will be described in detail elsewhere, extends somewhat the original program proposed by Mandelstam.(1)
Inhibition of Chymosin and the Coagulation of Para-Casein Micelles by Anions

Abstract The effect of monovalent anions on the coagulation of para-casein micelles was determined by monitoring light transmission after adding different Ca salts (40m M ) to partially hydrolyzed casein micelles. The release of macro-peptide by chymosin was quantified using fluorescamine. The average rate of the chymosin-initiated coagulation of casein micelles, approximated by the reciprocal of clotting time, was determined as a function of anion type and concentration to determine the simultaneous effects of anions on chymosin velocity and para-casein micelle aggregability. Chymosin velocity and the coagulation of para-casein micelles were progressively inhibited by anions; the larger the anion, the greater the inhibition (SCN − >NO 3 − >Br − >Cl − ). This is attributed to the binding of anions to cationic binding sites on kappa-casein and para-kappa-casein. The relative effect of the larger anions compared with that of Cl − on the average rate of the chymosin-initiated coagulation of casein micelles increased with anion concentration (6 to 120m M ) but became limited at 120m M . In the presence of 120m M SCN − , NO 3 − and Br − , the average rate of coagulation was 26, 59, and 78% of that obtained with 120m M Cl − . The marked sensitivity of the interactions between chymosin and kappa-casein and between para-casein micelles to anion type support conclusions that cationic sites on kappa-casein are important in the mechanism of the chymosin-initiated coagulation of casein micelles. Thus, monovalent anions may be useful to elucidate the mechanism of protein-protein interactions in food systems.
Sternohyoid Flap for Facial Reanimation: A Comprehensive Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Technique

ImportanceNeuromuscular reanimation of the face provides the correct specific neural functional input and thereby prevents synkinesis. Unfortunately, this ideal situation is rarely encountered in t...
Substance P release in the spinal cord during the exercise pressor reflex in anaesthetized cats

1. The purpose of this study was to determine if static skeletal muscle contraction causes the release of substance P(SP) in the L7-dorsal horn region of the spinal cord. A laminectomy was performed to expose the spinal cord of alpha-chloralose anaesthetized cats. The L6 spinal root was cut. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the L7 dorsal horn region ipsilateral to the contracting triceps surae muscle. The probe was perfused with a buffer solution at 3 microliters/min. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) was measured, from the microdialysis samples, by radioimmunoassay. 2. A 5-9 min contraction of the triceps surae muscle was evoked by alternate electrical stimulation of the peripheral ends of the cut L7 and S1 ventral roots. Basal SP-LI release was 0.20 +/- 0.03 fmol/100 microliters and was increased to 0.54 +/- 0.05 fmol/100 microliters (mean +/- S.D.) by static muscle contraction. This increase was greatly attenuated after cutting the L7 and S1 dorsal roots (0.23 +/- 0.03 to 0.39 +/- 0.08 fmol/100 microliters) or completely abolished by muscle paralysis (0.27 +/- 0.03 to 0.31 +/- 0.01 fmol/100 microliters). Muscle contraction also increased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) 29 +/- 20 mmHg and heart rate (HR) 11 +/- 5 beats/min (mean +/- S.D.). These cardiovascular changes to muscle contraction were abolished by sectioning the dorsal roots or when the ventral roots were electrically stimulated after the cats were paralysed. 3. These results demonstrate that static contraction of skeletal muscle increases the release of SP-LI in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that SP plays a role in mediating the cardiovascular responses evoked during static exercise.
Endophytic fungal symbionts associated with gypsophilous plants1

Gypsum soils (calcium sulfate) occur throughout arid regions of the world. These soils contain a large number of endemic plants. Limited information is available about the microbial symbionts of th...
Risk of hip fracture after bisphosphonate discontinuation: implications for a drug holiday.

Summary Based upon interest in a bisphosphonate drug holiday, we evaluate the risk for hip fracture after bisphosphonate discontinuation. Among women compliant with bisphosphonates for ≥2 years, the risk of hip fracture was increased after discontinuation, although with higher compliance and a longer duration of preceding bisphosphonate therapy, this risk was attenuated.
Glucose repression of anaerobic genes of Escherichia coli is independent of cyclic AMP

Several anaerobically regulated gene fusions were examined for the effects of catabolite repression. Glucose repressed the expression of most of the genes represented in our collection of anaerobically induced fusions. However, addition of cyclic AMP did not reverse the effects of glucose. Furthermore, introduction of cya and crp mutations into selected anaerobically induced fusion strains did not reduce anaerobic gene expression as expected from the known mechanism of aerobic catabolite repression. In fact, in different fusion strains, cya or crp mutations caused from 2 to 20-fold increases in gene expression. Although glucose repression occurs anaerobically its mechanism would appear to be quite different from that under aerobic conditions.
Abstract PL04-01: The promise of GWAS studies to assess cancer prevention

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed the discovery of common susceptibility alleles for a wide spectrum of cancers. GWAS have been a highly successful approach for discovering common susceptibility alleles. Already, over 220 regions have been conclusively established (i.e., achieving genome-wide significance) in two-dozen cancers1. GWAS have uncovered new clues to biological insights as a consequence of collaboration between epidemiologists, statisticians, and geneticists. Since GWAS can be effectively scaled to accelerate discovery, the major challenge ahead is to determine how to establish the critical connection between the genetic markers and carcinogenic processes that underlie complex phenotypes, such as cancer. The rapid pace of discovery using the GWAS approach has not been matched by research to interpret and understand the functional significance of different alleles that are correlated with cancer phenotypes. The gap between the number of new independent markers and a biological understanding of the loci continues to widen, at an accelerated pace. The success of GWAS as a tool for discovery has raised a new series of questions. It is now possible to begin to estimate the underlying genetic architecture of genetic susceptibility alleles for specific cancers and explore both their main effect and interaction with either other genetic variants or environmental exposures. There are a few examples of GWAS findings that have lead to new insights into processes that could be targets for either prevention or treatment. Based on sound scientific insights, new approaches will begin to emerge and contribute to novel strategies for prevention and therapy. Citation Format: Stephen J. Chanock. The promise of GWAS studies to assess cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL04-01.
Evidence-based quality measurement.

There is a strong need to provide scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of specific health care interventions. Guidelines alone are unlikely to persuade physicians to modify their practice styles, unless research evidence having a motivational impact is also provided. Process-outcome para
High fat takes the low road to the brain's reinforcement system

The perception of the flavor properties of fatty foods is assumed to mediate our ability to make conscious food choices according to dietary preferences. In contrast, gut-generated signals would subserve subliminal physiological functions, such as adjusting intake in response to gastric distention, etc. This commentary addresses a unique aspect of the functional neuroanatomy of fat reinforcement, namely, the ability of fat-triggered gut signals to directly activate the brain's subcortical reinforcement circuitry. Specifically, current evidence supports the existence of a dopamine-mediated, gut-to-dorsal striatum axis that operates independently of orosensory flavor signals. By remaining independent of flavor, activation of this subcortical axis results in the bypassing of the prefrontal cortical networks that mediate overt insights into the sensory-hedonic qualities of fatty stimuli. Homologous gut nerve-brain dopamine pathways are found in invertebrates, suggesting a conserved neuronal arrangement that operates independently of sophisticated cognitive processing. It is conjectured that repeated stimulation of the gut-dorsal striatum axis permits the emergence of habit-like, automatic action schemata that prompt fat ingestion independently of overt insights into the nature of dietary choices.
The Effects of DHEA on Reproductive Toxicity in Rats

BACKGROUND AIM: To detect maternal and fetal toxicity of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SD pregnant female rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,16 rats in each group.The rats in positive control group received aspirin 300 mg/kg and distilled water was given to rats as the negative control group.Three DHEA groups were treated with 10.4,20.8 and 41.7 mg/kg.The rats were given DHEA from 7 d to 16 d of pregnant continuously for 10 days, and were sacrificed on 20th d of pregnancy. Adverse effects on pregnant rats and fetuses were assessed. RESULTS: DHEA at 10.4 mg/kg caused miscarriages in pregnant rats, 20.8 and 41.7 mg/kg slowed down the weight increase of mother and fetuses, and slowed sternum growth. At 41.7 mg/kg visceral abnormality in fetuses increased.All three concentrations of DHEA decreased the number of living fetuses. CONCLUSION: DHEA had adverse effects in both pregnant rats and fetuses.
Periurethral Injection of Autologous Fat for the Treatment of Sphincteric Incontinence

A total of 15 women with stress incontinence and 6 men with post-prostatectomy sphincteric incontinence underwent periurethral injection of autologous fat while under local anesthesia. The fat was harvested from the abdominal wall by liposuction. Preoperative evaluation consisted of a micturition diary, questionnaire, semiquantitative pad test, cystoscopy and urodynamics. Sequential injections were performed at 1 to 3-month intervals. Results were assessed by subjective patient scores, pad tests and clinical evaluation performed at intervals. Followup was 12 to 30 months (mean 18). Only 1 man and none of the women with urethral hypermobility had lasting improvement. Of the 15 women 12 had intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (type 3 stress incontinence) and they were our most successful group. Of the 12 women 10 (83%) were improved (mean score of 8.8-7 before injection compared to 1.87 after injection) at 1 month following the initial injection. Of the 9 patients who continued with the treatment 7 (78%) noticed lasting improvement objectively and subjectively after 1 to 4 injections (mean 2.4). We believe that this technique shows sufficient promise as an alternative therapy for sphincteric incontinence to warrant continued clinical investigation.
Incidence and contributing factors to termination of the patient-physician relationship

Purpose Identify the incidence and factors contributing to the termination of gynecologic patient-physician relationships.
Actual intentionalism vs. hypothetical intentionalism

In 'An Intentional Demonstration?" I defended an argument, suggested by if not directly due to E. D. Hirsch, for the conclusion that one of the truth-conditions of at least some kinds of interpretive statements about poems is that they be underwritten by meanings intended by the author. ' The argument proceeded via a particular example of two evidently contradictory interpretive claims about a poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins. The first premise of the argument claimed that:
The National Dimension II: Italy’s Politicians Confront the Issue of University Reform

While Italy’s youth marched in the city streets demanding an end to the old university, carrying the banners of Mao Tse Tung and Che Guevara, the politicians in Rome arose from their legislative torpor to deal with educational reform. In their speeches before the Italian Parliament, many of these politicians echoed the rhetoric of the popular press that we observed in the previous chapter. Despite their use of dramatic oratory, Italy’s government leaders had neither the unity nor the sense of urgency to overhaul the nation’s antiquated university system and the legislative movement to reform the universities proved to be ponderous and spasmodic. Similar to the professors in Turin, the politicians in Italy’s lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, paid serious attention to the students only when they took over city streets in the spring of 1968. In his study of the students’ impact on politics, Guido Quazza, a professor of education and supporter of the student reforms in Turin, believed that Italy’s political leaders, including the communists, had been taken completely by surprise by the events of 1967–68. In the end, however, the protracted battle for university reform yielded limited results.1