cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training cardiovascular specialists in imaging: a curriculum based on fundamental concepts required for multimodal imaging.

Background Training cardiovascular (CV) imaging specialists is becoming increasingly complex owing to rapidly emerging technological advances and the growing recognition that single modality training is inefficient and results in suboptimal education and practice. The purpose of this document was to propose a multimodality CV imaging curriculum to improve training of future CV imaging specialists. Methods Relevant national standards relating to aiming training, competence, and quality were reviewed, including current training recommendations from the American College of Cardiology and requirements from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Experts from all imaging modalities identified areas of commonality that could create efficiencies in training. Finally, the proposed curriculum was placed within the context of a standard 3-year fellowship training program with optional advanced imaging training. Results Multimodality imaging training can be accomplished efficiently and effectively for most trainees by introducing a curriculum of imaging didactic content broadly based on understanding basic cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, principles of performing quality CV imaging, and imaging in the broader health care environment. A curriculum and training program are proposed that satisfy level 2 training in 2 to 3 modalities and level 3 training in 1 modality in a traditional 3-year fellowship. Conclusions Training cardiovascular specialists to be competent in multimodality imaging is possible based on the proposed curriculum and training program within a traditional 3-year cardiovascular fellowship. Imaging specialists may require additional training.
Drywood termite feeding deterrents in sugar pine and antitermitic activity of related compounds.

The feeding deterrent activity of sapwood extracts of sugar pine,Pinus lambertiana Dougl., and related compounds was determined against immatures of the western drywood termite,Incisitermes minor (Hagen). A bioassay was designed to quantify reductions in termite feeding caused by deterrent chemicals. Crude extracts and isolated fractions of sugar pine were deterrent and not preferred byI. minor at 0.5 mg/cm2. Fatty acids occurring in sugar pine extracts had a broad range of deterrent activity. Long-chain saturated fatty acids were deterrent at 0.25 and 0.05 mg/cm2. Unsaturated or intermediate length (C8-C14) acids, many not found in sugar pine wood, were less active than long-chain saturated acids. Related alpha-halogenated compounds were highly deterrent at 0.05 mg/cm2 regardless of chain length or presence of a carboxylic acid moiety. Deposits of 2-iodooctadecanoic acid reduced termite feeding at 5 μg/cm2, while 2-bromooctadecanoic acid had deterrent activity comparable to commercial wood preservatives. None of the halogenated compounds tested were termiticidal.
Effects of thiourea tolerance on plasma histamine, and lung vascular permeability.

Adult male rats treated with a lethal edematogenic dose of thiourea (TU) (10.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) responded with significant elevations in plasma hstamine, lung vascular permeability and 100% mortality over a subsequent 24-h period. When rats were pretreated with a small non-lethal dose of TU (0.5 mg/kg) and subsequently challenged with the lethal dose at 1,4,8,16 and 32 days later, there was complete protection against death for at least 8 days and partial protection for an additional 24 days. This decrease in mortality correlated quite closely with reduced plasma histamine levels and diminished pulmonary vascular permeability. The results suggest that reduced exposure of the pulmonary vasculature to histamine may offer a partial explanation for tolerance to thiocarbamide compounds in the rat.
Application of a trityl-based radical probe for measuring superoxide.

Abstract The use of triarylmethyl (trityl) free radical, TAM OX063, for detection of superoxide in aqueous solutions by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was investigated. TAM is paramagnetic (EPR active), highly soluble in water and exhibits a single sharp EPR peak in aqueous media. It is also highly stable in presence of many oxidoreductants such as ascorbate and glutathione that are present in the biological systems. TAM reacts with superoxide with an apparent second order rate constant of 3.1 × 103 M−1 s−1. The specific reactivity of TAM with superoxide, which leads to loss of EPR signal, was utilized to detect the generation of superoxide in various chemical (light/riboflavin/electron/donor), enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and cellular (stimulated neutrophils) model systems. The changes in the EPR line-width, induced by molecular oxygen, were utilized in the simultaneous determination of consumption of oxygen in the model systems. The effects of flux of superoxide and concentration of TAM on the efficiency of detection of superoxide were studied. The use of TAM for detection of superoxide offers unique advantages namely, (i) the utilization of very low concentration of the probe, (ii) its stability to bioreduction, and (iii) its use in the simultaneous determination of concentrations of superoxide and oxygen.
Reply to the comment by L.-O. Öhman on “speciation of aqueous mononuclear” Al(III)-hydroxo and other Al(III) complexes at concentrations of geochemical relevance by aluminum-27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract To summarize, it is important to recognize that (1) the major objective of our GCA paper (Faust et al., 1995) was on the development of 27Al NMR spectroscopy for characterizing mononuclear Al (III) species at concentrations of geochemical relevance; (2) Ohman has only minor comments related to this major objective; and (3) these comments are rebutted above in section 1. We appreciate Ohman's suggestion to consider adsorption of Al(III) onto the Teflon NMR sample bottle. Indeed, a small but significant percentage of Al(III) was adsorbed to the surfaces of the Teflon NMR sample bottle under the conditions of our experiments, partially accounting for the decrease in total concentration of mononuclear Al(III) species that was detected by 27Al NMR spectroscopy. As noted above in section 1, since the 27Al NMR spectroscopic parameters are not affected by decreases in total concentration of mononuclear Al(III) species, this does not affect the interpretation of the 27Al NMR chemical shifts or linewidths.
Spectroscopy and dynamics of upconversion in Tm3+: YLiF4

Abstract Spectroscopic and dynamic properties of Tm3+: YLiF4 as an upconversion material with blue emission are presented. Absorption, fluorescence and excitation spectra at low temperatures were used to determine the crystal field levels of all manifolds except 1S0 of Tm3+. The observed energy levels were fitted in a least-square analysis to determine crystal-field parameters of the S4 site of Tm3+ in YLiF4 with a standard deviation of 16 cm−1 between the calculated and measured energy levels. Judd-Ofelt calculations usuing measured integrated absorption yield the intensity parameters μ2,4,6 for Tm3+ in YLiF4. From these parameters, the calculated stimulated emission cross section of the 1D2→3F4 transition is 2.4 × 10−19 cm2, in good agreement with the measured value of 3 × 10−19 cm2. An estimate of the dipole-dipole interaction which gives rise to quenching of the excited state was derived from the fluorescence decay curves at different concentrations.
Home‐based intervention after discharge for Latino families of low‐birth‐weight infants

Une intervention a domicile visant les familles latino-americaines pauvres ayant des enfants de faible poids de naissance a ete entreprise et son efficacite evaluee tant pour les bebes que pour les meres. Des infirmieres de sante publique specialement entrainees se sont rendues a domicile pendant 4 mois pour le groupe d' intervention breve, et pendant 12 mois pour le groupe 'prolonge'. Les evaluations se firent tous les 4 a 6 mois, entre l'âge de un mois et de 24 mois. Bien que le groupe a intervention prolongee n'ait pas montre de benefices de l'intervention, le groupe a visite breve avait les scores les plus eleves de confiance maternelle a l'âge de un mois, et des scores plus eleves au Bayley a l'âge de 4 mois, par rapport au groupe prolonge et au groupe sans intervention. Le groupe sans intervention avait des scores significativement different a l'echelle HOME, a l'echelle d'interaction mere-enfant et aux scores d'alimetation, et ce lors de trois periodes d'evaluation differentes. Ces donnees suggerent que pour ces familles latino-americianes pauvres, l'intervention a domicile n'est pas constamment benefique. Des efforts sont necsssaires pour identifier les familles qui peuvent beneficier de l'intervention et pour ajuster le programme aux besoins specifiques des familles latino americaines.
Preschoolers' Magical Explanations for Violations of Physical, Social, and Mental Laws.

In 2 experiments we explored young preschoolers' knowledge of constraints on human action by presenting them with violations of different types of law and asking whether the violations required magic. In Experiment 1, children responded that physical violations required magic more than did social violations. In Experiment 2, violations were presented in pairs and included violations of "mental law." Again, children's "magic" responses were higher for physical than for social violations. Older children also differentiated between mental and social violations. It is concluded that (a) young preschoolers realize that physical constraint is importantly different from social constraint, and (b) children understand that constraints on mental activities are also different from those that operate in the social realm; this understanding develops during the preschool years.
USE OF GRILLING AND COMBINATION BROILER‐GRILLING AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES FOR BEEF LOIN STEAKS DIFFERING IN MARBLING

Beef loins from 10 carcasses of Small minus marbling (USDA Select grade) and 10 carcasses of Slight minus marbling (USDA Choice grade) were used in the study. Steaks were cooked to 67C by either simultaneous broiler-grilling or by grilling alone. Temperature settings during cooking of either 204 or 232C were used in each cooking system. Broiler-grilled steaks took less time to reach 67C, but also had more cooking loss and a more well-done appearance. These results were most likely influenced by the higher cooking temperature around steaks subjected to broiler-grilling compared to grilling, regardless of temperature setting. Steaks cooked by grilling were more tender by both sensory and shear force measurements compared to steaks cooked by broiler-grilling. Grilling produced higher juiciness scores than broiler-grilling, but only at the 232C setting. However, temperature control settings did not influence cooking loss and degree ofdoneness. Higher sensory ratings for tenderness were found for Small minus steaks compared to Slight minus steaks. While both systems of cooking appear suitable for producing acceptable eating quality in steaks of low marbling, the grilling method seems preferable. Grilling, probably because of its slower cooking time, provides advantages in tenderness, juiciness and cooking yield with perhaps a more uniform and consistent cooking rate.
Integrated planning for precision machining of complex surfaces. Part 1: Cutting-path and feedrate optimization

In order to achieve higher productivity and product quality simultaneously for sculptured surface productions, two advanced strategies are proposed for machining planning, namely a cutting-path-adaptive-feedrate strategy and a control surface strategy. In the cutting-path-adaptive-feedrate strategy, machining time is reduced by cutting along low-force-low-error machining directions and by maximizing feedrates. In the control surface strategy, machining errors are minimized by using a compensated control surface based on predicted machining errors. In part 1 of this paper, the cutting-path-adaptive-feedrate strategy, which improves the productivity of sculptured surface machining when subjected to both force and dimensional constraints, is described. In this proposed strategy, a new machining-planning aid called a maximum feedrate map is developed. In this map, the maximum allowable feedrates, subjected to the specified constraints, at each control point along various machining directions, are determined using a surface generation model. These local maximum-feedrate boundaries indicate the acceptable range of feedrates that a part programmer can use in the NC programming. In addition, the maximum feedrate map also provides the part programmer an important aid in selecting the cutting directions. In order to illustrate the application of the maximum feedrate map and to examine the capability of the proposed cutting-path-adaptive-feedrate strategy in improving the productivity of sculptured surface machining, simulation studies of a two-dimensional curved surface are performed and the results are presented in this paper. The applications of the proposed strategy to real three-dimensional complex surfaces (e.g. a turbine blade die) along with experimental verifications are presented in part 2 of this paper. In part 3 of this paper the control surface strategy and its applications to the finish milling of three-dimensional complex surfaces are discussed.
A prospective randomized safety trial of celecoxib for treatment of preterm labor

Abstract Objective: We compared the safety of celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor, with the safety of the nonselective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, when it was administered for treatment of preterm labor. Study Design: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 24 pregnant women in preterm labor at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation received either indomethacin or celecoxib for 48 hours. Clinical assessment, fetal sonography, and Doppler blood flow studies of the fetal ductus arteriosus were performed daily. Results: Mean maximum ductal flow velocity was significantly elevated over baseline (82.9 ± 4.6 cm/s vs 111.14 ± 14.3 cm/s; P =.02) after 24 hours of indomethacin, but not celecoxib. Both medications were associated with a transient decrease in amniotic fluid volume, with a greater effect by indomethacin. The medications were equally effective in the maintenance of tocolysis. There were no significant maternal or neonatal adverse events. Conclusion: In this initial evaluation, the safety of short-term celecoxib in women with preterm labor was superior to that of indomethacin. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:653-60.)
PRESSURE PROFILES FOR SLUGS IN HORIZONTAL PIPELINES

Abstract Measurements are presented of the variation of pressure caused by the passage of a stable or unstable slug in a horizontal gas-liquid flow. Good agreement is obtained with a model which considers the pressure change as the sum of contributions from a hydraulic jump in the front of the slug, the wall drag in the body of the slug and a sudden change in the velocity of the liquid in the rear of the slug.
On two-processor scheduling and maximum matching in permutation graphs

Abstract This paper gives an O(n log n) algorithm for computing the two-processor schedule for a set of n tasks, When the precedence constraints are specified by a transitively oriented permutation graph. This implies an O(n log n) algorithm for finding the maximum matching in a permutation graph, improving the O(n log2 n) algorithm of Bauernopper et al. (1995).
Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with the use of bone wax in skull-base surgery.

Objective To alert otolaryngologists to consider the possibility that bone wax may be associated with cerebrospinal fluid leaks that occur immediately after skull-base craniotomy approaches. Study design and setting Clinical report from surgical experience in a tertiary care setting. Results Three patients presented with brisk cerebrospinal fluid leak after craniotomy. Sinus endoscopy revealed bone wax within a small parasphenoid defect in all 3 cases. Conclusions Bleeding from areas of the skull base adjacent to the paranasal sinuses during craniotomy can signal a small breach of the skull base. Bone wax may control bleeding from edges of transected bone but also stent the skull-base defect open, preventing fibrin deposition and spontaneous healing and closure. Significance Otolaryngologists repairing a cerebrospinal fluid leak after a skull-base craniotomy approach should consider the possibility of encountering bone wax and be able to identify it to better treat their patient.
Schema-based instruction: Facilitating mathematical word problem solving for students with emotional and behavioral disorders

The authors describe how schema-based instruction (SBI), a conceptual teaching approach that integrates the National Council for Teachers of Mathematics (2000) Standards, improved the mathematical problem-solving ability of 2 students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The authors illustrate the application of SBI to support students as they make sense of, and successfully solve, word problems. Last, the authors report on the factors that may have contributed to the effectiveness of SBI for students with EBD.
Role of Microflora in Production of Free Fatty Acids and Flavor in Swiss Cheese

Abstract Cheese was made in a sterile 8-liter hooded vat from milk with a low bacterial count under conditions typical for Swiss cheese. Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus , and Propionibacterium shermanii were added to the vat, singly and in various combinations. The cheese was brined and ripened for 60 days under carbon dioxide at temperatures typical for Swiss chesse. Analyses for free fatty acids revealed that all three organisms were able to produce more free fatty acid than an uninoculated control. The flavor of cheeses inoculated with all three organisms was indistinguishable from Swiss cheese. Cheeses inoculated with a single organism or with two of the organisms lacked cheesy flavor except for those made with S. thermophilus plus L. helveticus , which were cheesy but not Swiss-like. The organisms used in cheese making did not affect formation of nonacid, oil-soluble cheese flavors.
Passive localization of near-field sources by path following

A new algorithm for passively estimating the ranges and bearings of multiple narrow-band sources using a uniform linear sensor array is presented. The algorithm is computationally efficient and converges globally. It minimizes the MUSIC cost function subject to geometrical constraints imposed by the curvature of the received wavefronts. The estimation problem is reduced to one of solving a set of two coupled 2D polynomial equations. The proposed algorithm solves this nonlinear problem using a modification of the path-following (or homotopy) method. For an array having m sensors, the algorithm reduces the global 2D search over range and bearing to 2(m/spl minus/1) independent 1D searches. This imparts a high degree of parallelism that can be exploited to obtain source location estimates very efficiently. >
Interpolation techniques to reduce error in measurement of toe clearance during obstacle avoidance

Abstract Foot and toe clearance (TC) are used regularly to describe locomotor control for both clinical and basic research. However, accuracy of TC during obstacle crossing can be compromised by typical sample frequencies, which do not capture the frame when the foot is over the obstacle due to high limb velocities. The purpose of this study was to decrease the error of TC measures by increasing the spatial resolution of the toe trajectory with interpolation. Five young subjects stepped over an obstacle in the middle of an 8 m walkway. Position data were captured at 600 Hz as a gold standard signal (GS-600-Hz). The GS-600-Hz signal was downsampled to 60 Hz (DS-60-Hz). The DS-60-Hz was then interpolated by either upsampling or an algorithm. Error was calculated as the absolute difference in TC between GS-600-Hz and each of the remaining signals, for both the leading limb and the trailing limb. All interpolation methods reduced the TC error to a similar extent. Interpolation reduced the median error of trail TC from 5.4 to 1.1 mm; the maximum error was reduced from 23.4 to 4.2 mm (16.6–3.8%). The median lead TC error improved from 1.6 to 0.5 mm, and the maximum error improved from 9.1 to 1.8 mm (5.3–0.9%). Therefore, interpolating a 60 Hz signal is a valid technique to decrease the error of TC during obstacle crossing.
MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN BONE FORMATION BY MEANS OF TETRACYCLINE LABELLING

Chalkley's method combined with fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the amount of bone formed in a known time in a known amount of bone in 57 patients in whom the frontier line of bone form...
Sensitivity analysis of voltage dip computations using the TEF methods

The author previously (1989) demonstrated that the lowest voltage dip in a power system following a disturbance occurs when the system trajectory attains maximal transient potential energy. In this paper, the first-order sensitivity of this potential energy is derived and then extended to predict directly a margin for voltage dip stability. The benefit of this is the ability to predict a host of operating margins for a power system, such as generation levels, reactive power levels, and others that keep the system in a secure operating state following given disturbance contingencies. Studies done in a 39-bus system indicate that the voltage dip behaves in a nearly linear fashion for variations in the given network parameters. Even in the case of large variations in these parameters, the error produced by assuming a linear behavior is acceptable. The need for second-order sensitivity expressions is not seen, and they might be required only in some cases where improved accuracy is desired. >
Glycine Residues in the Hydrophobic Core of the GspB Signal Sequence Route Export toward the Accessory Sec Pathway

The Streptococcus gordonii cell surface glycoprotein GspB mediates high-affinity binding to distinct sialylated carbohydrate structures on human platelets and salivary proteins. GspB is glycosylated in the cytoplasm of S. gordonii and is then transported to the cell surface via a dedicated transport system that includes the accessory Sec components SecA2 and SecY2. The means by which the GspB preprotein is selectively recognized by the accessory Sec system have not been characterized fully. GspB has a 90-residue amino-terminal signal sequence that displays a traditional tripartite structure, with an atypically long amino-terminal (N) region followed by hydrophobic (H) and cleavage regions. In this report, we investigate the relative importance of the N and H regions of the GspB signal peptide for trafficking of the preprotein. The results show that the extended N region does not prevent export by the canonical Sec system. Instead, three glycine residues in the H region not only are necessary for export via the accessory Sec pathway but also interfere with export via the canonical Sec route. Replacement of the H-region glycine residues with helix-promoting residues led to a decrease in the efficiency of SecA2-dependent transport of the preprotein and a simultaneous increase in SecA2-independent translocation. Thus, the hydrophobic core of the GspB signal sequence is responsible primarily for routing towards the accessory Sec system.
Fast ML Decoding of SPC Product Code by Linear Programming Decoding

We consider the maximum-likelihood decoding of single parity-check (SPC) product code. We first prove that, for the family of SPC product code, the fractional distance and the pseudo-distance are both equal to the minimum Hamming distance. We then develop an efficient algorithm for decoding SPC product codes with low complexity and near maximum likelihood decoding performance at practical SNRs.
A stream compiler for communication-exposed architectures

With the increasing miniaturization of transistors, wire delays are becoming a dominant factor in microprocessor performance. To address this issue, a number of emerging architectures contain replicated processing units with software-exposed communication between one unit and another (e.g., Raw, SmartMemories, TRIPS). However, for their use to be widespread, it will be necessary to develop compiler technology that enables a portable, high-level language to execute efficiently across a range of wire-exposed architectures.In this paper, we describe our compiler for StreamIt: a high-level, architecture-independent language for streaming applications. We focus on our backend for the Raw processor. Though StreamIt exposes the parallelism and communication patterns of stream programs, some analysis is needed to adapt a stream program to a software-exposed processor. We describe a partitioning algorithm that employs fission and fusion transformations to adjust the granularity of a stream graph, a layout algorithm that maps a stream graph to a given network topology, and a scheduling strategy that generates a fine-grained static communication pattern for each computational element.We have implemented a fully functional compiler that parallelizes StreamIt applications for Raw, including several load-balancing transformations. Using the cycle-accurate Raw simulator, we demonstrate that the StreamIt compiler can automatically map a high-level stream abstraction to Raw without losing performance. We consider this work to be a first step towards a portable programming model for communication-exposed architectures.
Evidence of Ivermectin Resistance by Parascaris equorum on a Texas Horse Farm

Abstract By collecting fecal samples every 2 weeks beginning at 2 months of age, 32 foals from a single Texas farm were monitored. The foals were administered ivermectin paste at the time of the first collection and again monthly. When foals had Parascaris egg counts higher 2 weeks after ivermectin treatment than at treatment, they were administered pyrantel pamoate at the manufacturer's recommended dose (6.6 mg/kg) or at twice the recommended dose (13.2 mg/ kg) when tapeworm eggs were also detected. An elevation or only minimal reduction (less than 75%) in Parascaris egg counts was seen 2 weeks after ivermectin treatment until the foals were 8 months of age, at which time there was an 85% reduction in fecal egg count after treatment. When pyrantel was administered at the manufacturer's recommended dose, a 42% to 84% reduction in egg counts occurred, but at 13.2 mg/kg there was a 98% to 100% reduction in fecal egg counts 2 weeks posttreatment. However, pyrantel failed to control strongylate egg counts even at the elevated dose, whereas ivermectin reduced strongylate fecal egg counts by greater than 99%, determined 2 weeks posttreatment. Pyrantel, but not ivermectin, lowered Parascaris egg counts. Ivermectin, but not pyrantel, lowered strongyle egg counts 2 weeks post administration. A single drug for all ages of horses approach to parasite control requires rethinking. Combinations of drugs or more careful evaluation of anthelmintics in foals may be necessary for continued parasite control.
Reproducable paraplegia by thoracic aortic occlusion in a murine model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion.

Background Lower extremity paralysis continues to complicate aortic interventions. The lack of understanding of the underlying pathology has hindered advancements to decrease the occurrence this injury. The current model demonstrates reproducible lower extremity paralysis following thoracic aortic occlusion. Methods Adult male C57BL6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane. Through a cervicosternal incision the aorta was exposed. The descending thoracic aorta and left subclavian arteries were identified without entrance into pleural space. Skeletonization of these arteries was followed by immediate closure (Sham) or occlusion for 4 min (moderate ischemia) or 8 min (prolonged ischemia). The sternotomy and skin were closed and the mouse was transferred to warming bed for recovery. Following recovery, functional analysis was obtained at 12 hr intervals until 48 hr. Results Mice that underwent sham surgery showed no observable hind limb deficit. Mice subjected to moderate ischemia for 4 min had minimal functional deficit at 12 hr followed by progression to complete paralysis at 48 hr. Mice subjected to prolonged ischemia had an immediate paralysis with no observable hind-limb movement at any point in the postoperative period. There was no observed intraoperative or post operative mortality. Conclusion Reproducible lower extremity paralysis whether immediate or delayed can be achieved in a murine model. Additionally, by using a median sternotomy and careful dissection, high survival rates, and reproducibility can be achieved.
Nearly deterministic abstractions of Markov decision processes

We examine scaling issues for a restricted class of compactly representable Markov decision process planning problems. For one stochastic mobile robotics package delivery problem it is possible to decouple the stochastic local-navigation problem from the deterministic global-routing one and to solve each with dedicated methods. Careful construction of macro actions allows us to effectively "hide" navigational stochasticity from the global routing problem and to approximate the latter with off-the-shelf combinatorial optimization routines for the traveling salesdroid problem, yielding a net exponential speedup in planning performance. We give analytic conditions on when the macros are close enough to deterministic for the approximation to be good and demonstrate the performance of our method on small and large simulated navigation problems.
Energy constraints on kinematic models of oblique faulting: Loma Prieta versus Parkfield-Coalinga

The Loma Prieta earthquake was a combination of right lateral strike-slip and reverse faulting. This oblique motion has been explained by a kinematic model that has the fault accommodate both the translation and convergence required by the Pacific-North American plate motions and a local bend in the San Andreas Fault However, in other areas of California, such as Parkfield-Coalinga, this combination of motions is taken up by decoupled strike-slip and thrust faults. In this paper I develop a simple physical model, based on applying Hamilton's principle to the energy released in earthquakes, that allows us to determine if a region should undergo oblique or decoupled faulting. This determination depends on the dip of available faults and the amount of convergence relative to the amount of translation. These energy constraints correctly predict the different types of faulting at Loma Prieta and Parkfield-Coalinga.
Ultrasonic studies of the interaction between electrons and thermal phonons

Three ultrasonic techniques for the investigation of electron scattering are discussed. Firstly, geometric oscillations in the acoustic attenuation are shown to provide a method for the determination of orbitally averaged scattering rates (reciprocal lifetimes). Secondly, acoustic open orbit resonance linewidth measurements are shown to provide a method either for the determination of orbitally averaged scattering rates or, if the width of the open orbit band is not too narrow, to supply a means for the estimation of the magnitude of the average angle of scatter. Thirdly, it is argued that in simple metals such as the alkalis, gross features of the scattering mechanism such as Umklapp processes can be detected by their effects on the frequency dependence of the attenuation. These phenomena are illustrated with special reference to the scattering of electrons by thermal phonons, for which the acoustic technique seems to be particularly suited.
Pollinator-mediated selection in a specialized hummingbird–Heliconia system in the Eastern Caribbean

Phenotypic matches between plants and their pollinators often are interpreted as examples of reciprocal selection and adaptation. For the two co-occurring plant species, Heliconia bihai and H. caribaea in the Eastern Caribbean, we evaluated for five populations over 2 years the strength and direction of natural selection on corolla length and number of bracts per inflorescence. These plant traits correspond closely to the bill lengths and body masses of their primary pollinators, female or male purple-throated carib hummingbirds (Eulampis jugularis). In H. bihai, directional selection for longer corollas was always significant with the exception of one population in 1 year, whereas selection on bract numbers was rare and found only in one population in 1 year. In contrast, significant directional selection for more bracts per inflorescence occurred in all three populations of the yellow morph and in two populations of the red morph of H. caribaea, whereas significant directional selection on corolla length occurred in only one population of the red morph and one population of the yellow morph. Selection for longer corollas in H. bihai may result from better mechanical fit, and hence pollination, by the long bills of female E. jugularis, their sole pollinator. In contrast, competition between males of E. jugularis for territories may drive selection for more bracts in H. caribaea. Competitive exclusion of female E. jugularis by territorial males also implicates pollinator competition as a possible ecological mechanism for trait diversification in these plants.
A Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent Home Intervention to Reduce Functional Difficulties in Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to reduce functional difficulties, fear of falling, and home hazards and enhance self-efficacy and adaptive coping in older adults with chronic conditions.
IQs Are Very Strong but Imperfect Indicators of Psychometric "g": Results from Joint Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

The most global score yielded by intelligence tests, IQs, are supported by substantial validity evidence and have historically been central to the identification of intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, and giftedness. This study examined the extent to which IQs measure the ability they target, psychometric g. Data from three samples of children and adolescents (Ns = 200, 150, and 135) who completed varying pairs of individually administered, multidimensional intelligence tests were analyzed using a joint confirmatory factor analysis to generate correlations between IQs and general factors representing psychometric g. The resulting values, expressed as g loadings, for the six IQs ranged from .88 to .95 (M = .92). The accuracy of IQs in measuring psychometric g, the meaning of reliable specific ability variance in IQs not accounted for by psychometric g, and the use of IQs in schools and related settings are discussed.
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL NUTRITION II. GROWTH ACCESSORY SUBSTANCES IN THE CULTIVATION OF HEMOPHILIC BACILLI.

The hemophilic bacteria of which Bacillus influenzae serves as a type require for their growth two distinct and separable substances, both of which are present in blood and neither of which alone suffices. These substances are (a) a vitamine-like substance which can be extracted from red blood corpuscles, from yeast, and from vegetable cells, which is relatively heat-labile and absorbed from solution by certain agents; (b) a so called X substance which is present in red blood cells, is heat-stable, and acts in minute amounts.
Pediatric Cystic Nephromas: Distinctive Features and Frequent DICER1 Mutations

Cystic nephromas (CNs) are uncommon benign renal neoplasms that present with a bimodal age distribution, affecting either infants/young children or adult females. Although differences between these age groups have been suggested, large studies of pediatric CN have not been conducted. As a result, the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for these lesions remain controversial. In addition, the morphological overlap seen between CN and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) can result in diagnostic dilemmas. This study reviews the morphologic and radiographic features of 44 pediatric CN prospectively enrolled on a Children's Oncology Group protocol from 2007 to 2013. Although the typical multicystic architecture with thin septa described in adult CN was present in all of our pediatric cases, differences were also identified. We report distinctive features that add to the morphological spectrum of CN in children. Of the 44 cases, 16 had been previously analyzed and reported for DICER1 mutation, and either loss of function or missense mutations or both were identified in 15 of 16. In contrast, we analyzed 10 cases of adult CN, and all were negative for DICER1 mutations; similarly, 6 CPDNs previously analyzed and reported were negative for DICER1 mutations. Therefore, the clinical, morphological, and genetic differences between pediatric and adult CN, as well as between CN and CPDN, suggest that these 3 lesions represent distinct entities.
Are Surgical Outcomes Related to the Surgeon's Other Procedures? Practice Makes Perfect and Cross-Volume Effects in Carotid Endarterectomy

Background. A large literature that suggests a relationship between volume and outcomes for surgical procedures. One explanation for this relationship is the "practice-makes-perfect" hypothesis, which suggests that outcomes are related to the skill of the operating surgeon and that skill is honed by performing more procedures. However, the focus of previous research has been limited to the "own" volume effect. In fact, the practice-makes-perfect hypothesis may suggest that outcomes may be related to the volume of other surgical procedures if those procedures also hone similar skills. In this study we consider the "cross" volume effect: the extent to which surgical outcomes are related to volume of the surgeon's other procedures. We specifically consider the evidence for the cross-volume effect in carotid endarterectomy, a surgical procedure used as prophylaxis for stroke. Methods. Patient data were obtained from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4). We used data for all inpatient discharges over the period from 1995 to 1997 where CEA (ICD-9-CM code 38.12) was listed as the primary procedure. Outcomes were based on subsequent hospital admissions during the 5-year postoperative period for stroke, transient ischemic attack, re-occlusion of the ipsilateral artery, and death. Surgeon specialty was identified by linking physician identification numbers to residency and fellowship training in the Physicians List of the American Medical Association. We classified other surgical procedures by their proximity to carotid endarterectomy in specific domains: open procedures on vessels, percutaneous procedures on vessels, and surgeries involving soft tissues of the neck. Statistical analyses estimated the effect of the volume of these other procedures on five year outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models. All analyses were stratified by surgical specialty and controlled for demographic characteristics, symptomatic disease status, disease severity, and comorbidities. Results. The analysis sample contained 17,627 patients treated by 509 surgeons. The effect of the volume of other related procedures was not statistically significant for most outcomes. However, higher volumes of percutaneous surgeries were associated with increased risk of stroke for general (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.014, p=0.009), vascular (HR: 1.021, p Conclusions. There appears to be a cross-volume effect on outcomes for carotid endarterectomy. Cross-volume effects were largely inconsistent with the practice-makes-perfect hypothesis as higher cross volumes tended to be associated with increased rather than decreased risk of poor outcomes.
Automotive EMC

The article consists of a Powerpoint presentation on automotive EMC. The areas discussed include: automotive electronic design; automotive EMC standard organization; vehicle immunity test; component immunity test; antenna identification; coupling mechanism recognition; shielding; power bus decoupling; PCB decoupling; electromagnetic modeling tool and mixed-signal design.
Sans Studies of Bacteriorhodopsin Incorporation and Crystallization in Cubic Phase

The direct crystallization of membrane proteins from lipidic mesophases has become an increasingly important, and even routinely used, tool in the field of membrane protein structural biology. Despite the method's practical successes, however, the exact molecular mechanisms for crystallization remain poorly understood. It has been proposed that protein molecules first align in transient, locally lamellar regions of lipid, forming small 2D crystals that initiate growth. These crystals could then stack to form the 3D crystal, which is fed laterally by lamellar-phase membrane extensions from the bulk cubic phase. Nevertheless, the initial formation of 2D crystal “patches” and initiation of lamellar transition has not been experimentally observed. Other mechanisms of crystal formation can also be envisioned, and the possibility of multiple crystallization mechanisms exists. A clear understanding of these mechanisms would allow for the rational optimization of crystallization conditions for different proteins, including the use of different lipids and additives.Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), we have begun a systematic study of cubic phase crystallization using the membrane protein Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in monoolein cubic phase as a model system, alone and in the presence of precipitants. SANS with contrast variation is uniquely suited for the study of proteins in cubic phase, since the scattering contribution of the large excess of lipid can be eliminated, allowing the scattering from embedded protein to be directly measured without interference. This allows us to study bR embedded in the monoolein cubic phase.
Vertical load capacities of roof truss cross members

Trusses used for roof support in coal mines are constructed of two grouted bolts installed at opposing forty-five degree angles into the roof and a cross member that ties the angled bolts together. The load on the cross member is vertical, which is transverse to the longitudinal axis, and therefore the cross member is loaded in the weakest direction. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the vertical load capacity and deflection of three different types of cross members. Single-point load tests, with the load applied in the center of the specimen and double-point load tests, with a span of 2.4 m, were conducted. For the single-point load configuration, the yield of the 25 mm solid bar cross member was nominally 98 kN of vertical load, achieved at 42 cm of deflection. For cable cross members, yield was not achieved even after 45 cm of deflection. Peak vertical loads were about 89 kN for 17 mm cables and 67 kN for the 15 mm cables. For the double-point load configurations, the 25 mm solid bar cross members yielded at 150 kN of vertical load and 25 cm of deflection. At 25 cm of deflection individual cable strands started breaking at 133 and 111 kN of vertical load for the 17 and 15 mm cable cross members respectively.
Biofacies replacement in a sequence stratigraphic framework; Middle and Upper Ordovician of the Nashville Dome, Tennessee, USA

Quantitative analysis of fossil assemblages from ten depositional sequences identified the spatial and temporal distribution of shallow and deep subtidal biofacies in Middle and Upper Ordovician strata of the Nashville Dome. Articulate brachiopods and bryozoans dominate most biofacies, although corals, sponges, gastropods, and bivalves are also important taxa that dominate biofacies locally. Temporal patterns in both lithofacies and biofacies indicate a close link between environmental shifts and faunal changes that took place over a period of approximately 13 million years. The primary cause of the environmental and biotic changes was Taconic orogenesis, which increased the flux of fine-grained siliciclastics and nutrients to the epeiric seaway and affected circulation patterns by changing basin topography. Biofacies replacement was accomplished not only by taxonomic turnover, but also by wholesale changes in the dominance structure of local assemblages. Changes in dominance also occurred at the guild level, with dominance by reclining epifaunal suspension feeders (RESF) shifting to pedunculate epifaunal suspension feeders and back to RESF in concert with environmental changes. Although all major macrofaunal groups involved in biofacies replacement were affected by the changes in paleoceanographic conditions, local extinction and immigration was not synchronous among all genera, but occurred at different times for different genera. This suggests that these Middle and Upper Ordovician biofacies are composed of communities that were not tightly integrated in their structure, but rather were fluid with species and genera moving in and out of communities in response to local changes in environmental conditions.
New Distribution Records of Nine Species of Tabanidae (Diptera) from the Northern Adirondack Mountain Region of New York State, USA

Chrysops dawsoni was collected in New York State for the first time; 4 specimens were collected in Franklin Co. in 1980 and 321 specimens collected at another site in Franklin Co. in 1982. Three additional species of Chrysops (C. sackeni, C. venus , and C. zinzalus ) and 5 species of Hybomitra (H. aurilimba, H. illota, H. lurida, H. minuscula , and H. zonalis ) were detected in Franklin and/or St. Lawrence counties, representing new county records.
Whither the skilled worker

Have technology and employer-inspired changes at the point of production rendered obsolete the skills of skilled workers? A resounding yes to this question was provided by Harry Braverman in 1974 in his classic work Labor and Monopoly Capital. Since then the question has largely taken the form of a debate--not at all bereft of ideological underpinningsbetween partisans and opponents of Braverman's thesis. "Human capital" theories associated with notions of postmodernism hold that scientific-technological advances in recent decades have led to the development of a highly educated and skilled work force bearing little resemblance to the old pre-World War II semiskilled factory worker. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of the thinkers who have advanced these ideas are the same who see these developments heralding an actual decline in the importance, weight, and even existence of the industrial working class. The proponents of what can be called the "enskilling" thesis include such well-known social scientists as Alain Touraine (1955), Andre Gorz (1967), Jiirgen Habermas (1976), and Daniel Bell (1962). The logic of what they see as forces transforming the very nature of work in industrial societies is consistent with the pessimistic attitude many of them have toward the potential of the working class as an agent of social change. The very title of one of Bell's best known books, The End of Ideology, ties together many of the strands flowing from an analysis of work that sees a trend toward the enskilling of workers and the subsequent decline of the revolutionary potential of the industrial working class. In the 1970s Euro-
Wiesneriomyces Javanicus from Panamanian Soil

(1968). Wiesneriomyces Javanicus from Panamanian Soil. Mycologia: Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 203-208.
Bubble-Point Measurements of Eight Binary Mixtures for Organic Rankine Cycle Applications

The bubble-point pressures of two compositions of each of eight binary mixtures have been measured over a temperature range of 270 K to 380 K. Six of the mixtures included pentane, which was mixed ...
Determination and Analysis on 572 Cases of Blood Lead,Zinc,Calcium and Iron in Xiacheng Destrict of Hangzhou

572 cases of 2～6 years old children's blood lead,zinc,calcium and lron are detected and analysed.The results show that the average blood lead density is 89.97 μg/L,191 cases(33.4%)in which are above 100 μg/L,and the serum zinc density of lead poisoning group is below normal group(P0.01),but serum calcium and lron aren't that.It concludes the negative relation between blood lead and serum zinc of lead poisoning group shows it is important measure to improve absent atate of serum zinc to decreasing lead be absorbed in bowel.To intervent blood lead poisoning,it is suggests that three years old children's blood lead are measured routinely.