cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Death postponement and increased chronic lung disease: the hidden costs of mortality reduction in the post-surfactant era.

To determine changes in the morbidity and mortality of ventilated, very low-birth-weight infants before and after the introduction of surfactant therapy in 1990, we retrospectively studied the infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. All ventilated patients admitted from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 1997, with birth weight of 1500 g or less, excluding 76 transferred to other hospitals, were included in the analysis (N = 1336). The primary outcomes studied included mortality, length of stay, and survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although post-surfactant mortality and pulmonary air leak for infants with birth weight greater than 750 g decreased more than 50% (P < or = .026), the proportion of infants surviving without bronchopulmonary dysplasia also decreased (P < or = .034). For surviving infants with birth weight of 751 to 1000 g, mean post-surfactant length of stay increased 16 days (P = .008). Postnatal age at death also increased in the post-surfactant period for infants with birth weight of 750 g or less (P = .002). For infants with birth weight of 1000 g or less, post-surfactant increases were seen in the mean duration of assisted ventilation (+22% to 32%, P < or = .005) and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (+62% to 162%, P < .001). For all infants, the incidence of bacteremia, duration of supplemental oxygen therapy, and likelihood of discharge on home oxygen were increased in the post-surfactant period (P < or = .011). The implicit benefits of mortality reduction in the post-surfactant era may be offset by increasing respiratory morbidity in some survivors and by an unwelcome prolongation of death for some nonsurvivors. We speculate that the ultimate costs of these undesirable outcomes may greatly surpass the ostensible cost benefits of neonatal surfactant therapy.
Facial Feminization Surgery: Review of Facial Analysis and Surgical Procedures

The field of facial feminization surgery includes a range of procedures performed on the male to female transgender patient. These surgeries can increase the quality of life for this patient population and greatly help with feminine recognition by the public. Surgery is complemented by hormone therapy and coordinated with other medical and mental health professionals.
ROTATION OF A RIGID BODY

This chapter describes rotation of a rigid body. When the particles form a rigid body, no internal motion occurs, and additional simplification is feasible. In this case, the only possible motion of the system is a motion of the center of mass plus a rotation relative to the center of mass. The chapter introduces the variables required to describe the rotation of a rigid body relative to an axis through its center of mass. For the rotation of rigid bodies, angles must be measured. Two common methods are used to establish a unit of angle. One method divides a circle into an integral number of equal parts. The second method defines one unit of angle to be the angle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius. The chapter also discusses angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. The primary applications of the moment-of-inertia concept are to the rigid bodies having continuous mass distributions. The moment of inertia for an axis through the center of mass of a body is related to the moment for any parallel axis by the parallel axis theorem.
Effects of Change in Tongue Pressure and Salivary Flow Rate on Swallow Efficiency Following Chemoradiation Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer

Patients treated with chemoradiation for head and neck cancer frequently develop dysphagia. Tissue damage to the oral tongue causing weakness along with decreases in saliva production may contribute to dysphagia. Yet, effects of these variables on swallowing-related measures are unclear. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine effects of chemoradiation on tongue pressures, as a surrogate for strength, and salivary flow rates and (2) to elucidate relationships among tongue pressures, saliva production, and swallowing efficiency by bolus type. Twenty-one patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiation were assessed before and after treatment and matched with 21 healthy control participants who did not receive chemoradiation. Each participant was given a questionnaire to rate dysphagia symptoms. Videofluoroscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (VFES) was used to determine swallowing efficiency; the Saxon test measured salivary flow rate; and the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used for oral tongue maximum and endurance measures. Results revealed significantly lower tongue endurance measures for patients post-treatment as compared to controls (p = .012). Salivary flow rates also were lower compared to pre-treatment (p = .000) and controls (p = .000). Simple linear regression analyses showed that change in salivary flow rate was predictive of change in swallow efficiency measures from pre- to post-treatment for 1 mL thin liquid (p = .017), 3 mL nectar-thick liquid (p = .026), and 3 mL standard barium pudding (p = .011) boluses. Based on these findings, it appears that chemoradiation treatment affects tongue endurance and salivary flow rate, and these changes may impact swallow efficiency. These factors should be considered when planning treatment for dysphagia.
Using Student Video Cases to Assess Pre-service Elementary Teachers’ Engineering Teaching Responsiveness

Our study addresses the need for new approaches to prepare novice elementary teachers to teach both science and engineering, and for new tools to measure how well those approaches are working. This in particular would inform the teacher educators of the extent to which novice teachers are developing expertise in facilitating their students’ engineering design work. One important dimension to measure is novice teachers’ abilities to notice the substance of student thinking and to respond in productive ways. This teacher noticing is particularly important in science and engineering education, where students’ initial, idiosyncratic ideas and practices influence the likelihood that particular instructional strategies will help them learn. This paper describes evidence of validity and reliability for the Video Case Diagnosis (VCD) task, a new instrument for measuring pre-service elementary teachers’ engineering teaching responsiveness. To complete the VCD, participants view a 6-min video episode of children solving an engineering design problem, describe in writing what they notice about the students’ science ideas and engineering practices, and propose how a teacher could productively respond to the students. The rubric for scoring VCD responses allowed two independent scorers to achieve inter-rater reliability. Content analysis of the video episode, systematic review of literature on science and engineering practices, and solicitation of external expert educator responses establish content validity for VCD. Field test results with three different participant groups who have different levels of engineering education experience offer evidence of construct validity.
The prose poem and the Arabic literary tradition

The prose poem, this hybrid, suspect, and contradictory proposition, gives rise to questions that call for more engaged scrutiny of every other established poetic form in Arabic, and especially the...
Synthesis and X-ray structure of 5'-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2'-nitrosobiphenyl

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 5′-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2′-nitrosobiphenyl is reported. The compound (C16H17NO2) is monoclinic, with a = 11.080(4), b = 16.899(6), c = 15.410(5) A, β = 108.329(5)°, and space group P21/n. There are two independent molecules within the crystal. In each of these molecules the two phenyl rings are mutually orthogonal, with interplanar dihedral angles of 85.09 and 89.43° respectively. The nitroso substituents are essentially coplanar with the phenyl ring, with torsional angles of only 3.5 and 2.2°, respectively, while the methoxy groups make angles of 5.2 and 10.0°, respectively, with the phenyl ring.
Abstract 2180: Immune, keratinocyte, and fibroblast expression signatures distinguish HNSCC samples by HPV status

Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer in the world. HPV-positive HNSCC is considered a distinct molecular entity with a better prognosis than HPV-negative. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the clinical and molecular behavior between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC we applied bioinformatics approaches to transcriptomic data to identify signature patterns associated with 25 different cell types, and characterize cell type heterogeneity by HPV-status. Materials and methods We analyzed 18 HPV (+) and 18 HPV (-) samples collected at University of Michigan hospital from 36 individuals with HNSCC; all were determined to be >70% cellularity by a pathologist. Gene expression was evaluated using Illumina HiSeq RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes were identified using TopHat, HTSeq, and then edgeR, resulting in 559 and 873 up in HPV(+) or HPV(-), respectively, with FDR 3. Cell type-specific expression patterns were identified using > 700 microarray samples from 25 relevant cell types. Using this database and the list of genes differentially expressed by HPV status we identified which cell type(s) contributed the strongest expression pattern by calculating cell type-specific enrichment scores as a weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov-like statistics against the top ranked 250 genes. Results Significantly higher estimates of cell type composition in HPV(+) samples were observed for T lymphocytes (CD3+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD34+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, regulatory T-cells), NK-cells, B cells, and monocytes (p-value Conclusion Differential expression in HNSCC by HPV status can partly be explained by differences in the tumor cellular composition, and this in turn will help to focus on differential expression within the tumor cells themselves. Our results predict that T lymphocytes and other cell types responsible for the adaptive immune response contribute a larger portion of the cellular composition in HPV(+) tumors compared to HPV(-). Conversely, keratinocytes and fibroblasts are predicted to make up a larger portion of cells in HPV(-) tumors. Surprisingly, the stem cell expression signature was not significantly different by HPV-status, even though HPV(+) tumors tend to be less differentiated than HPV(-) tumors. Citation Format: Lada A. Koneva, Yanxiao Zhang, William R. Swindell, Shama Virani, Alisha Virani, Thomas E. Carey, Laura S. Rozek, Maureen A. Sartor. Immune, keratinocyte, and fibroblast expression signatures distinguish HNSCC samples by HPV status. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2180
Food not eaten: the dialectical image of food in Soviet animation of the Brezhnev era

This article analyses the allegorical representation of food in Soviet animated films of the Brezhnev era (1970s–1980s). Following the tradition of considering allegory as a mode of creative expres...
Is accounting an applied discipline? An institutional theory assessment of the value of faculty accounting-related work experience in the academic labor market

Abstract This paper recasts the debate over whether accounting research is relevant to accounting practice by asking the more fundamental question of whether modern academic accounting is an applied discipline. Using an institutional theory template, we argue that academic accounting only purports to be an applied discipline relative to the professional practice of accounting. We study the human capital of personnel inflows into academic accounting in terms of practice work experience. We conclude that pre-academia practice experience is counterproductive to academic success in terms of research productivity and movement in academic labor markets. Implications pertaining to the broadly based schism between “town and gown” in accounting are drawn.
Association of Time to Attrition in Surgical Residency With Individual Resident and Programmatic Factors.

Importance Attrition in general surgery residency remains high, and attrition that occurs in the later years is the most worrisome. Although several studies have retrospectively investigated the timing of attrition, no study to date has prospectively evaluated a national cohort of residents to understand which residents are at risk for attrition and at what point during residency. Objective To prospectively evaluate individual resident and programmatic factors associated with the timing of attrition during general surgery residency. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal, national cohort study administered a survey to all categorical general surgery interns from the class of 2007-2008 during their first 30 days of residency and linked the data with 9-year follow-up data assessing program completion. Data were collected from June 1, 2007, through June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Kaplan-Meier curves evaluating time to attrition during the 9 years after the start of residency. Results Among our sample of 836 residents (306 women [36.6%] and 528 men [63.2%]; gender unknown in 2), cumulative survival analysis demonstrated overall attrition for the cohort of 20.8% (n = 164). Attrition was highest in the first postgraduate year (67.6% [n = 111]; absolute rate, 13.3%) but continued during the next 6 years, albeit at a lower rate. Beginning in the first year, survival analysis demonstrated higher attrition among Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic residents (21.1% vs 12.4%; P = .04) and at military programs compared with academic or community programs after year 1 (32.3% vs 11.0% or 13.5%; P = .01). Beginning in year 4 of residency, higher attrition was encountered among women compared with men (23.3% vs 17.4%; P = .05); at year 5, at large compared with small programs (26.0% vs 18.4%; P = .04). Race and program location were not associated with attrition. Conclusions and Relevance Although attrition was highest during the internship year, late attrition persists, particularly among women and among residents in large programs. These results provide a framework for timing of interventions in graduate surgical training that target residents most at risk for late attrition.
Nuclear Pore and Genome Organization and Gene Expression in Drosophila

Regulation of gene expression is central to the cell’s ability to respond to external cues and to establish and maintain its developmental identity. The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) forms the nuclear envelope-spanning channel that mediates selective nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. In addition to contributing to gene expression via its transport functions, the NPC comes in close contact with the underlying chromatin and plays a role in regulation of gene expression of the associated gene targets. In recent years, studies in Drosophila and other organisms have identified numerous physiological roles for NPC components, including functions in immune response, tissue-specific development, epigenetic processes and neurodegeneration. This chapter focuses on the current knowledge of the physiological roles of NPC components and on the relationship between the NPC and chromatin regulation, obtained in the fly model. Findings, described here, demonstrate the far-reaching potential of NPC components to regulate gene expression via both transport and chromatin-binding mechanisms. Furthermore, they reveal Drosophila to be a useful experimental system for future dissections of the in vivo phenotypes and gene regulatory functions of the NPC.
Fourth Amendment Limits on National Identity Cards

In the past three years there have been serious calls for a national identity system whose centerpiece would be some form of national identity card. This chapter analyzes the Fourth Amendment issues raised by two major features of any likely national identity system: requests or demands that individuals present their identity cards; and governmental collection, retention, and use of personal information to be used in identity checks. These issues are evaluated in several different contexts in which they might plausibly arise. The chapter concludes that, while the Fourth Amendment might bar certain practices and block others depending on their purposes, it would be possible to have a constitutional national identity card system of a fairly comprehensive type. Even where an identity system would not strictly run afoul of the Fourth Amendment, however, an analysis of the interests that the Amendment is designed to protect provides an insight into the price in privacy and liberty a national identity system would exact. The chapter also indicates how these effects might be mitigated somewhat in the system’s design. This chapter thus aims to illuminate not only what kind of national identity system the U.S. lawfully could have, but how it might be devised, and, implicitly, whether we want to have one at all.
Edge detectors and texture detectors differ in their lateral connectivity

The structure of the early sensory pathways in most animals is determined in part by the statistical structure of signals they perceive from the surrounding environment, Because of evolutionary pressure, their sensory systems have developed so that they optimally process the incoming sensory data. Various theoretical and experimental studies of the early visual system suggest that a good optimal measure is given by Barlow’s redundancy reduction hypothesis (Barlow, 1961). It correctly describes the spatial characteristics of the retino-ganglion filter (Atick and Redlich, 1992) and the temporal response function of LGN neurons (Dong and Atick, 1995) based on studies of the statistical structure of natural scenes. So far Information Theory has been use mostly to characterize forward processing in the sensory systems. We applied it to a recurrently connected network of orientation selective units to describe the structure of lateral connectivity in the striate cortex (Dimitrov and Cowan, 1997).
Verbal Learning and Memory Research with Retardates: An Attempt to Assess Developmental Trends

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the verbal learning and memory research with retardates. The increased use of verbal learning tasks has been followed by a number of systematic reviews of research and commentaries, relating to the method. The implications of theory in verbal learning, for the understanding of retardate behavior, primarily concern the effects of variables that covary with chronological age (CA) rather than with intellective variables. Extrapolations from theory in verbal learning are oriented to the variables whose effects change systematically with increased experience or increased CA. This implication highlights a methodological problem in research, concerned with comparing differences in the behavior of retarded and matched-mental age (MA) normal children. This chapter discusses the available research, utilizing the retarded subjects, within the framework of identifying the developmental trends together with reviewing the research that contrasts the learning of normal and retarded children. Verbal learning and maturation-experience effects are described in this chapter. Concepts related to serial learning are also discussed in the chapter. Possible ways of circumventing methodological problems, in learning research, with retarded children, are suggested.
Complications in Head and Neck Surgery

Complications of the surgery for head and neck cancer may be catastrophic or noncatastrophic. Recognition of this is frequently as important as the method of resolution. A general classification of complications as anatomic, physiologic, technical, and functional will aid in recognition and prevention of these problems in this difficult group of patients.
Humanistic Research in Self-Study: A History of Transformation*

A complex exploration of many influences goes into understanding the role of humanistic research methods in self-study. To begin, two historical developments must be considered. Early examples of self-study appeared in the transformation of humanistic practices as they entered into mainstream education Offer much of the last century. Offerlapping this transformation, the expansion of qualitative research methods, initiated in the 1980s, brought along its own humanistic concerns. Together, they formed an awareness of the self ’s importance in the research process. With this foundation, the self-study of teacher education practices came onto the scene in the 1990s bringing with it other influences including the recognized value of reflective teaching and the impetus felt by many classroom teachers of all stripes to study their own teaching practices as a source of empower-ment. This chapter sorts through these multiple influences toward the creation of a coherent picture of how humanistic research and the self-study of teaching and teacher education practices are interconnected. One thread interwOffen throughout this chapter is the need for teacher educators to be honest with themselves. The essential humanistic self-study question is: Is my teaching consistent with what I expect of the teachers I am educating?
Voltage-Graphic Matroids

From an integer valued function f we obtain, in a natural way, a matroid Mf on the domain of f. We show that the class M of matroids so obtained is closed under restriction, contraction, duality, truncation and elongation, but not under direct sum. We give an excluded-minor characterisation of M and show that M consists precisely of those transversal matroids with a presentation in which the sets in the presentation are nested. Finally, we show that on an n-set there are exactly 2n members of M.
Lumbar Spine Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 6-Season Epidemiological Study.

Background:Lumbar spine injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes have not been well studied.Purpose:To describe the epidemiology of lumbar spine injuries in NCAA athlete...
Regulation of differential proton-coupled folate transporter gene expression in human tumors: transactivation by KLF15 with NRF-1 and the role of Sp1

Tumors can be therapeutically targeted with novel antifolates (e.g. AGF94) that are selectively transported by the human proton-coupled folate transporter (hPCFT). Studies were performed to determine the transcription regulation of hPCFT in tumors and identify possible mechanisms that contribute to the highly disparate levels of hPCFT in HepG2 versus HT1080 tumor cells. Transfection of hPCFT-null HT1080 cells with hPCFT restored transport and sensitivity to AGF94 Progressive deletions of the hPCFT promoter construct (-2005 to +96) and reporter gene assays in HepG2 and HT1080 cells confirmed differences in hPCFT transactivation and localized a minimal promoter to between positions -50 and +96. The minimal promoter included KLF15, GC-Box and NRF-1 cis-binding elements whose functional importance was confirmed by promoter deletions and mutations of core consensus sequences and reporter gene assays. In HepG2 cells, NRF-1, KLF15 and Sp1 transcripts were increased over HT1080 cells by ∼5.1-, ∼44-, and ∼2.4-fold, respectively. In Drosophila SL2 cells, transfection with KLF15 and NRF-1 synergistically activated the hPCFT promoter; Sp1 was modestly activating or inhibitory. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershifts confirmed differential binding of KLF15, Sp1, and NRF-1 to the hPCFT promoter in HepG2 and HT1080 cells that paralleled hPCFT levels. Treatment of HT1080 nuclear extracts (NE) with protein kinase A increased Sp1 binding to its consensus sequence by EMSA, suggesting a role for Sp1 phosphorylation in regulating hPCFT transcription. A better understanding of determinants of hPCFT transcriptional control may identify new therapeutic strategies for cancer by modulating hPCFT levels in combination with hPCFT-targeted antifolates.
The CCCTC Binding Factor, CTRL2, Modulates Heterochromatin Deposition and the Establishment of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency In Vivo.

The cellular insulator protein CTCF plays a role in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) latency through the establishment and regulation of chromatin boundaries. We previously found that the CTRL2 regulatory element downstream from the latency-associated transcript (LAT) enhancer was bound by CTCF during latency and underwent CTCF eviction at early times postreactivation in mice latently infected with 17syn+ virus. We also showed that CTRL2 was a functional enhancer-blocking insulator in both epithelial and neuronal cell lines. We hypothesized that CTRL2 played a direct role in silencing lytic gene expression during the establishment of HSV-1 latency. To test this hypothesis, we used a recombinant virus with a 135-bp deletion spanning only the core CTRL2 insulator domain (ΔCTRL2) in the 17syn+ background. Deletion of CTRL2 resulted in restricted viral replication in epithelial cells but not neuronal cells. Following ocular infection, mouse survival decreased in the ΔCTRL2-infected cohort, and we found a significant decrease in the number of viral genomes in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) infected with ΔCTRL2, indicating that the CTRL2 insulator was required for the efficient establishment of latency. Immediate early (IE) gene expression significantly increased in the number of ganglia infected with ΔCTRL2 by 31 days postinfection relative to the level with 17syn+ infection, indicating that deletion of the CTRL2 insulator disrupted the organization of chromatin domains during HSV-1 latency. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of TG from ΔCTRL2-infected mice confirmed that the distribution of the repressive H3K27me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at K27) mark on the ΔCTRL2 recombinant genomes was altered compared to that of the wild type, indicating that the CTRL2 site modulates the repression of IE genes during latency. IMPORTANCE It is becoming increasingly clear that chromatin insulators play a key role in the transcriptional control of DNA viruses. The gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) utilize chromatin insulators to order protein recruitment and dictate the formation of three-dimensional DNA loops that spatially control transcription and latency. The contribution of chromatin insulators in alphaherpesvirus transcriptional control is less well understood. The work presented here begins to bridge that gap in knowledge by showing how one insulator site in HSV-1 modulates lytic gene transcription and heterochromatin deposition as the HSV-1 genome establishes latency.
New Higher-Order Convergence Properties for Multivariable Model Reference Adaptive Control Systems

For a general multi-input multi-output linear time-invariant system with unknown parameters, a multivariable model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme guarantees asymptotic output tracking, under some design conditions. This paper further shows a stronger higher-order convergence property for the signal components of the tracking error e (t) = [e 1 (t), e 2 (t), …, em (t)] T. It is proved that under the same MRAC design conditions, not only a tracking error component e i (t) but its up to q i th-order time-derivatives converge to zero, where q i is related to system's infinite zero structure characterized by the system interactor matrix ξ m (s). Both cases of a diagonal ξm (s) and a non-diagonal ξm (s) are studied in the paper, and the new MRAC tracking property is proved for different forms of the modified left interactor matrix.
3D printed nanomaterial-based electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices

The ability to seamlessly integrate functional materials into three-dimensional (3D) constructs has been of significant interest, as it can enable the creation of multifunctional devices. Such integration can be achieved with a multiscale, multi-material 3D printing strategy. This technology has enabled the creation of unique devices such as personalized tissue regenerative scaffolds, biomedical implants, 3D electronic devices, and bionic constructs which are challenging to realize with conventional manufacturing processes. In particular, the incorporation of nanomaterials into 3D printed devices can endow a wide range of constructs with tailorable mechanical, chemical, and electrical functionalities. This review highlights the advances and unique possibilities in the fabrication of novel electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices that are realized by the synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies.
A co-Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks: Contrary to popular belief, SQL and noSQL are really just two sides of the same coin.

Fueled by their promise to solve the problem of distilling valuable information and business insight from big data in a scalable and programmer-friendly way, noSQL databases have been one of the hottest topics in our field recently. With a plethora of open source and commercial offerings and a surrounding cacophony of technical terms, however, it is hard for businesses and practitioners to see the forest for the trees.
Characterizing the timing of yolk testosterone metabolism and the effects of etiocholanolone on development in avian eggs.

Maternal transfer of steroids to eggs can elicit permanent effects on offspring phenotype. Although testosterone was thought to be a key mediator of maternal effects in birds, we now know that vertebrate embryos actively regulate their exposure to maternal testosterone through steroid metabolism, suggesting testosterone metabolites, not testosterone, may elicit the observed phenotypic effects. To address the role steroid metabolism plays in mediating yolk testosterone effects, we used European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) eggs to characterize the timing of testosterone metabolism and determine whether etiocholanolone, a prominent metabolite of testosterone in avian embryos, is capable of affecting early embryonic development. Tritiated testosterone was injected into freshly laid eggs to characterize steroid movement and metabolism during early development. Varying levels of etiocholanolone were also injected into eggs and incubated for either three or five days to test whether etiocholanolone influences the early growth of embryonic tissues. The conversion of testosterone to etiocholanolone is initiated within 12 hours of injection, but the increase in etiocholanolone is transient indicating that etiocholanolone is also subject to metabolism, and that exposure to maternal etiocholanolone is limited to a short period during early development. Exogenous etiocholanolone manipulation had no significant effect on the growth rate of the embryos or extra-embryonic membranes early in development. Thus, the conversion of testosterone to etiocholanolone may be an inactivation pathway that buffers the embryo from maternal steroids, with any effects of yolk testosterone resulting from testosterone that escapes metabolism; alternatively, etiocholanolone may influence processes other than growth or take additional time to manifest.
Reducing Uncertainty in a Human-Centered Design Approach: Using Actor-Network Theory Analysis to Establish Fluid Design Guidelines

When designing, it can be difficult to keep track of all of the complex and varying relationships that exist. This paper is intended to persuade designers to consider using Actor-Network Theory (ANT) in order to gain insights about the existence and the nature of complex relationships occurring within a usage scenario. ANT allows for the creation of network maps that may offer insights about future interactions that are useful for gauging the appropriateness of a particular technological intervention. Guidelines are offered for using ANT for design. Future work is being done to further establish and validate methodologies for creating ANT network maps.
LiFi and Voice Based Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired People

Li-fi technology transferred information via LEDs. It’s a rapid and low worth remote correspondence framework, contrasted with Wi-Fi. It will provide huge protection, monstrous data measure, and low worth. This innovation was expected as a reaction to the constraints on RF information measurement. An indoor path is useful to everybody, and for the outwardly disabled it is particularly fundamental. It utilizes an unaccredited range which is not covered with RF commotion. In addition, almost many indoor areas have an enough amount of daylight sources and supply extra safety as Li-Fi is unable to pass through any objects. We tend to project for the visually weakened such a roadmap to guide them in indoor places. Led produce unmistakable light alongside area data and the information is obtained from the inserted structure or cell phone with the recipient. The installed device/mobile phone figures the best way to achieve an assignment and by a voice yield address a blind individual.
Supply of care by dental therapists and emergency dental consultations in Alaska native communities in the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta: a mixed methods evaluation.

Objectives Examine the relationship between supply of care provided by dental therapists and emergency dental consultations in Alaska Native communities. Methods Explanatory sequential mixed-methods study using Alaska Medicaid and electronic health record (EHR) data from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation (YKHC), and interview data from six Alaska Native communities. From the Medicaid data, we estimated community-level dental therapy treatment days and from the EHR data we identified emergency dental consultations. We calculated Spearman partial correlation coefficients and ran confounder-adjusted models for children and adults. Interview data collected from YKHC providers (N=16) and community members (N=125) were content analysed. The quantitative and qualitative data were integrated through connecting. Results were visualized with a joint display. Results There were significant negative correlations between dental therapy treatment days and emergency dental consultations for children (partial rank correlation = -0.48; p⟨0.001) and for adults (partial rank correlation = -0.18; p=0.03). Six pediatric themes emerged: child-focused health priorities; school-based dental programs; oral health education and preventive behaviors; dental care availability; healthier teeth; and satisfaction with care. There were four adult themes: satisfaction with care; adults as a lower priority; difficulties getting appointments; and limited scope of practice of dental therapy. Conclusions Alaska Native children, and to a lesser extent adults, in communities served more intensively by dental therapists have benefitted. There are high levels of unmet dental need as evidenced by high emergency dental consultation rates. Future research should identify ways to address unmet dental needs, especially for adults.
Autonomic neuropathies and gastroparesis

Abstract Gastroparesis and other gastrointestinal motility diseases can be associated with various autonomic neuropathies. The gastrointestinal tract has its own enteric nervous system, a branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and exchanges modulatory signals with the extrinsic autonomic systems. Autonomic neuropathies impairing functions of the extrinsic autonomic pathways can contribute to gastroparesis. Neurological evaluation is needed in patients with gastroparesis to assess systemic or extra-intestinal autonomic involvements as well as to identify an underlying neurological etiology. Self-assessed autonomic questionnaires such as composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS) are feasible tools for such purposes. Autonomic reflex tests can localize impaired branches of the ANS and to support a diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy. Because autonomic reflex tests clinically available at most autonomic laboratories are relevant to cardiovascular and sudomotor (sweating) autonomic systems, findings of tests do not always have a strong association with the presence and severity of gastroparesis or other localized autonomic/neurological conditions. Skin biopsy to estimate sensory small-fibers in the epidermal layers and autonomic fibers innervating sweat glands is a pathological diagnostic method for small-fiber neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathies associated with gastroparesis include diabetic autonomic neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy, hereditary amyloid neuropathy. Other autonomic disorders with or without evidence of peripheral autonomic nerve involvements such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome are discussed. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a hereditary connective tissue disorder with multiple subtypes but it is worth mentioning due to its high association with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
Warm Ischemic Time in Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: Is Faster Really Better?

Purpose As donor criteria expand to meet increasing demand for transplantable hearts, increased focus has fallen on mitigating risk associated with extended criteria donors. It has been postulated that warm ischemic time may be as significant a factor as total ischemic time, and reduction is associated with better outcomes. This study investigates the impact of warm ischemic time on post-operative events and survival in orthotopic heart transplantation patients at a high-volume center. Methods From 2015 to 2020, patients who underwent heart transplantation were identified at a single institution in a prospectively maintained database with long-term clinical outcomes. After excluding heart-lung transplants and those with missing warm ischemic time, 388 patients were identified. Patients were classified in to three groups: Results Between warm ischemic time groups, there were significant differences in recipient sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), all p 0.05, as was 30-day freedom from PGD, 80.2% (85) vs 82.9% (141) vs 76.8% (86), 30-day survival, 98.1% (104) vs 98.2% (167) vs 97.3% (109), and one-year survival, 92.5% (98) vs 93.5% (159) vs 91.1% (102) (all p > 0.05). Warm ischemic time was not a predictor of one-year mortality, odds ratio (OR) 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-1.02). In subgroup analysis with over 4 hours of total ischemic time, warm ischemic time was not a predictor of PGD, OR 0.94 (95% CI, 0.82-1.07), or one-year survival, OR 0.94 (95% CI, 0.82-1.07). Conclusion Although increased warm ischemic time did not predict increased adverse post-operative outcomes, continued emphasis on reducing total ischemic time is paramount.
Ed Ruscha, Streets of Los Angeles project: developing collaborations to support digital art history

For the past four years, the team working on the “Ed Ruscha, Streets of Los Angeles” project at the Getty Research Institute has worked to establish a framework for leveraging the benefits of collaboration and conversation between groups of people who work in different areas of expertise and communities of practice. Facilitating sustained conversations among art historians, art librarians, and technical specialists has proved a successful framework of mutual consultation between Getty staff and external collaborators. These conversations helped external collaborators better understand the kinds of metadata generated through the archival process and how it might be useful for investigating their particular research questions. In turn, Getty staff gained a better understanding of the kinds of metadata helpful to researchers, which helped determine our own priorities for this work. Moreover, new avenues of inquiry emerging from this collaborative project have outlined a path for articulating best practices in digital art history projects to come.
Spontaneous Hyperinflation of an Intragastric Balloon Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction

A 39-year-old female with a history of obesity (body mass index, BMI = 33.6) had an intragastric balloon (IGB) placed in February 2020 for weight loss. She presented with gastric outlet obstruction after a delay in the removal of her IGB because of the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic. Although uncommon, spontaneous hyperinflation of IGBs has been reported and the US FDA also has issued a warning regarding the risk of spontaneous hyperinflation. The etiology of the hyperinflation is unclear, however, gas-forming micro-organism contamination of the IGB fluid has been reported.
Yap/Taz-Activated Tert-Expressing Acinar Cells Are Required for Pancreatic Regeneration

The expression of TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) has been implicated in stem and progenitor cells, which are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, the roles of TERT-expressing cells in the pancreas remain elusive. Employing genetically engineered Tert knock-in mouse model, herein, we located a rare population of Tert+ acinar cells. While Tert+ cells are quiescent in normal conditions, acinar cell injury leads to mitotic activation of Tert+ cells and subsequent generation of new acinar cells. Moreover, the genetic ablation of Tert+ cells impairs pancreatic regeneration. We further found that Yap/Taz activation is required for the expansion of Tert+ acinar cells. Our results identified Tert+ acinar cells as a distinct subset of acinar cells, which contributes to pancreatic regeneration via Yap/Taz activation.
Outcomes of isolated distal thrombosis managed with serial compression ultrasonography.

Abstract Background Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) is a common subtype of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Consensus guidelines provide conflicting recommendations for IDDVT management; some recommend anticoagulant treatment, while others suggest serial compression ultrasonography (CUS) monitoring for patients not at “high risk” of proximal extension. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes of serial CUS-monitored IDDVT and identify risk factors for proximal thrombus extension or anticoagulant treatment initiation. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using electronic data from University of Utah Health. Adult subjects with objectively confirmed, serial CUS-monitored IDDVT were included. Subjects were followed for 30 days for occurrence of a composite outcome of proximal thrombus extension or anticoagulant treatment initiation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of the study population. Characteristics were compared across outcome groups using inferential statistics. Results A total of 182 subjects were included, with 53 subjects (29.1%) experiencing the composite outcome. Of these, 12 (22.6%) experienced proximal thrombus extension and 41 (77.4%) initiated anticoagulant treatment. A prior history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was significantly higher in those who experienced the composite outcome than in those who did not. Conclusions Our results suggest that 70% of patients with serial CUS-monitored IDDVT did not experience thrombus extension or require anticoagulant treatment within 30 days of diagnosis, regardless of risk factors for proximal extension. Serial CUS monitoring may be a useful management strategy for IDDVT. A history of VTE may identify patients more likely to experience proximal thrombus extension or require anticoagulation.
Densities of states and the Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound

The holographic principle implies that quantum field theory (QFT) overcounts the number of independent degrees of freedom in quantum gravity. An argument due to Cohen, Kaplan, and Nelson (CKN) suggests that the number of degrees of freedom well described by QFT is even smaller than required by holographic bounds, and CKN interpreted this result as indicative of a correlation between the UV and IR cutoffs on QFT. Here, we consider an alternative interpretation in which the QFT degrees of freedom are depleted as a function of scale. We use a simple recipe to estimate the impact of depleted densities of states on precision observables, including the Lamb shift and lepton $g\ensuremath{-}2$. Although these observables are not sensitive to the level of depletion motivated by gravitational considerations, the phenomenological exercises also provide an interesting test of quantum field theory that is independent of underlying quantum gravity assumptions. A depleted density of states can also render the QFT vacuum energy UV insensitive, reconciling the success of QFT in describing ordinary particle physics processes and its apparent failure in predicting the cosmological constant.
Contact Angle and Contact Mechanics of a Glass/Epoxy Interface

An attempt was made to extract the thermodynamic work of adhesion from contact angle measurements and contact mechanics in order to compare it with interfacial toughness values of a glass/epoxy interface. The three probe liquid method, in conjunction with laser goniometry, yielded a value of the work of adhesion of 93 mJ/m2. This was an order of magnitude less than the value extracted from the Maugis solution for contacting spheres with surface interactions. These work of adhesion values were both lower than the 1.5 J/m2 which was determined in a parallel study of interfacial fracture as a mode-mix independent component of the overall interfacial toughness. Some of the reasons for these differences are explored.
Balancing Scientist Needs and Volunteer Preferences in Volunteer Computing Using Constraint Optimization

BOINC is a middleware for Volunteer Computing. In BOINC projects, heterogeneous resources distributed across the Internet are used for large-scale scientific simulations. The large need for resources in BOINC projects often competes with volunteer preferences: volunteers can impose limits on the use of their idle resources. Most of the time, maximum project performance can be achieved only when volunteer preferences are neglected. To address this problem, we propose a novel optimization procedure based on constraint optimization techniques that actively allocates volunteer resources to improve project throughput and, at the same time, aims to preserve volunteer preferences. We show the increase in project throughput obtained with our approach and discuss the trade-off between volunteer preferences and project throughput.
Mediation analysis of decisional balance, sun avoidance and sunscreen use in the precontemplation and preparation stages for sun protection

Objective: Mediation analyses of sun protection were conducted testing structural equation models using longitudinal data with three waves. An effect was said to be mediated if the standardised path between processes of change, decisional balance and sun protection outcomes was significant.Design: Longitudinal models of sun protection using data from individuals in the precontemplation (N = 964) and preparation (N = 463) stages who participated of an expert system intervention.Main outcome measures: Nine processes of change for sun protection, decisional balance constructs of sun protection (pros and cons), sun avoidance behaviour and sunscreen use.Results: With the exception of two processes in the preparation stage, processes of change predicted the pros (r = .126–.614), and the pros predicted the outcomes (r = .181–.272). Three models with the cons as mediator in the preparation stage, and none in the precontemplation stage, showed a mediated relationship between processes and outcomes.Conclusion: In g...