cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS AND PEDIATRIC PRACTICE.

Close collaboration between the physician who works with children and the psychologist must be maintained so that together they may offer the best possible care for the child with emotional and social problems. The author discusses some of the basic considerations about psychological tests, and gives the reasons why tests of intelligence should not be accepted at face value. Even with their limitations, psychological tests, when selected properly and interpreted with care and responsibility, are useful in evaluating children who have problems.
Effect of surgical technique on peritoneal adhesion reformation after lysis

The effectiveness of macrosurgical and microsurgical techniques for adhesion management was evaluated in nonpregnant female baboons that had significant pelvic adhesions as a sequela of previous surgery. Two weeks after the initial laparotomy the animals were reoperated upon and adhesion reformation assessed. Mean adhesion scores were not significantly different between the macrosurgery and microsurgery groups before or after lysis. However, the reduction in the mean adhesion score following lysis approached significance ( P
Administrative competencies for physician organizations with capitation.

In California, it is common for HMOs to capitate physician organizations (e.g., independent practice organizations and multispecialty medical groups) for all professional and outpatient ancillary services (and to share risk for inpatient care) under professional risk capitation contracts. This arrangement exports most of the financial risk from the HMO to the physician organization. When HMOs and physician organizations contract under these arrangements, HMOs delegate many of their administrative functions to physician organizations--giving the physician organization authority to make the decisions needed to manage capitated risk. As a result, administrators of physician organizations must be competent in such areas as provider network development, financial forecasting, utilization and quality management, contract negotiation, and establishing systems for claims, reporting, authorizations, and the like. In this study four HMO and 22 physician organization administrators were interviewed concerning key administrative competencies for managing capitation contracts. The competencies were assessed as key administrative work activities that required specific knowledge, skill, or ability to perform. Identifying these competencies is important for physician organizations preparing for capitated risk and will be essential for organizations preparing for HMO or Medicare capitation.
Algorithm for Determining the Statistical Properties of Cloud Particles through In Situ Ensemble Measurements

AbstractAn algorithm is described for inverting individual particle properties from statistics of ensemble observations, thereby dispelling the notion that coincident particles create inherently erroneous data in particle probes. The algorithm assumes that the observed property obeys superposition, that the particles are independently randomly distributed in space, and that the particle distribution is stationary over the accumulation distance. The fundamental principle of the algorithm is based on a derived analytical relationship between ensemble and individual particle statistics with fully defined derivatives. This enables rapid convergence of forward inversions. Furthermore, this relationship has no dependence on the particular instrument realization, so the accuracy of the relationship is not fundamentally constrained by the accuracy to which a measurement system can be characterized or modeled. This algorithm is presented in terms of a single observed property, but the derivation is valid for corre...
Sudan after Al-Turabi

The death of Sudanese Islamist ideologue Hassan Al-Turabi (1932–2016) warrants an examination of Al-Turabi’s and Islamism’s legacy in Sudan and in the broader Middle East and Africa regions. This article outlines the reasons for the rise of Islamism and extremism in these regions, and argues that this rise is rooted, among other factors, in local and global processes that exacerbated inequalities within and between countries in the two regions; and between these regions and other parts of the world. The article further examines the gendered politics of the National Islamic Front ( NIF )/National Congress Party ( NCP ) within a wider discussion of the rise of politicised Islam in the Middle East and North Africa. I highlight Islamist discourses and practices and the impact on women in Sudan.
Penalized Likelihood Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Survival Time and Binary Longitudinal Outcome

In this paper we consider simultaneous analysis of survival time and binary longitudinal outcome where random effects are introduced to account for the dependence between the two different types of outcomes due to unobserved factors and assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution with mean zero. The estimator based on maximum likelihood approach using an Expectation-Maximization algorithm is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. However, the EM algorithm may be intensive on numerical integrations with large sample sizes and large numbers of longitudinal observations per subject. We develop a more computationally efficient estimation procedure based on a penalized likelihood obtained by Laplace approximation. Through simulation studies, we compare numerical performances on the computing time, bias, and mean squared error from the proposed penalized likelihood estimation procedure and the EM algorithm of maximum likelihood estimation. We also illustrate the proposed approach with a liver transplantation data set.
The Effects of Three Physical and Vocal Warm-Up Procedures on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of Choral Sound.

Summary Objective The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of three warm-up procedures (vocal-only, physical-only, physical/vocal combination) on acoustic and perceptual measures of choir sound. Methods The researchers tested three videotaped, 5-minute, choral warm-up procedures on three university choirs. After participating in a warm-up procedure, each choir was recorded singing a folk song for long-term average spectra and pitch analysis. Singer participants responded to a questionnaire about preferences after each warm-up procedure. Warm-up procedures and recording sessions occurred during each choir's regular rehearsal time and in each choir's regular rehearsal space during three consecutive rehearsals. Results Long-term average spectra results demonstrated more resonant singing after the physical/vocal warm-up for two of the three choirs. Pitch analysis results indicate that all three choirs sang “in-tune” or with the least pitch deviation after participating in the physical/vocal warm-up. Singer questionnaire responses showed general preference for the physical/vocal combination warm-up, and singer ranking of the three procedures indicated the physical/vocal warm-up as the most favored for readiness to sing. Conclusions In the context of this study with these three university choir participants, it seems that a combination choral warm-up that includes physical and vocal aspects is preferred by singers, enables more resonant singing, and more in-tune singing. Findings from this study could provide teachers and choral directors with important information as they structure and experiment with their choral warm-up procedures.
Distributed Input and State Estimation Using Local Information in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

A new distributed input and state estimation architecture is introduced and analyzed for heterogeneous sensor networks. Specifically, nodes of a given sensor network are allowed to have heterogeneous information roles in the sense that a subset of nodes can be active (that is, subject to observations of a process of interest) and the rest can be passive (that is, subject to no observations). Both fixed and varying active and passive roles of sensor nodes in the network are investigated. In addition, these nodes are allowed to have nonidentical sensor modalities under the common underlying assumption that they have complimentary properties distributed over the sensor network to achieve collective observability. The key feature of our framework is that it utilizes local information not only during the execution of the proposed distributed input and state estimation architecture but also in its design in that global stability is guaranteed once each node satisfies given local stability conditions independent from the graph topology and neighboring information of these nodes. As a special case (e.g., when all nodes are active and a positive real condition is satisfied), the asymptotic stability can be achieved with our algorithm. Several illustrative numerical examples are further provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.
Preventing CLT Attacks on Obfuscation with Linear Overhead

We describe a defense against zeroizing attacks on indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) over the CLT13 multilinear map construction that only causes an additive blowup in the size of the branching program. This defense even applies to the most recent extension of the attack by Coron et al. (PKC 2017), under which a much larger class of branching programs is vulnerable. To accomplish this, we describe an attack model for the current attacks on iO over CLT13 by distilling an essential common component of all previous attacks.
How Should Social Media Be Used in Transplantation? A Survey of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Background.Social media platforms are increasingly used in surgery and have shown promise as effective tools to promote deceased donation and expand living donor transplantation. There is a growing need to understand how social media-driven communication is perceived by providers in the field of tra
Variation on a Rose

The basic idea of Variation on a Rose was to make a circular origami garment with a new draping and pattern making technique called TR (Transformational Construction) to manipulate a garment in 3D and not in 2D.
Mastering group leadership. An active learning experience

Leading therapeutic groups is an underused but viable treatment role for nurses in all specialty areas. A dynamic psychoeducational group model provides structure as nurses invest and collaboratively participate to actively learn the group leader role. this article highlights the sequencing of instruction of group theory and skills with examples from a baccalaureate nursing curriculum. Samples from student journals reveal their growing assimilation of the group leader role as learners actively participated in groups, collaborated, and reflected on their learning. Examples of creatively adapted group exercises, as well as selected nursing group leader interventions, demonstrate group leadership as a skill that can increase nurses' repertoire of therapeutic responses. Therapeutic groups are both exciting and cost-effective treatment strategies for use with mentally ill clients. The skills of an accomplished group leader are transferable from within the psychiatric population to working with families, bereavement groups, and other client populations, ranging from people with diabetes to survivors of catastrophic crises. Group leadership ability complements the management and negotiation skills needed in professional nursing roles. When students and staff nurses grow in group leadership expertise, clients in various settings will be better served with this currently underused treatment option.
Regulation of a Smooth Muscle Contraction: A Hypothesis Based on Skinned Fiber Studies

Although it is generally believed that smooth muscle will contract in response to an increase in cytosolic free calcium ion concentration, there is still considerable controversy concerning the explicit mechanism(s) coupling calcium to contraction. Bremel (1974), using filament displacement studies, showed that the Ca2+ dependence of vertebrate smooth muscle contraction is associated primarily with the thick filament. A few years later, Aksoy et al. (1976) and Sobieszek (1977) demonstrated that the Ca2+ sensitivity of acto-myosin ATPase activity was associated with phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC) which was subsequently shown to result from activation of MLC kinase, a Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent enzyme (for reviews see Kamm and Stull, 1985; Hartshorne, 1987). Correlations have been shown between MLC phosphorylation and both Ca2+ dependent actin-activated myosin ATPase activity (Dabrowska et al., 1978; DiSalvo et al., 1978) and force development in either skinned (Kerrick et al., 1980; Chatterjee and Murphy, 1983) or intact (Barron et al., 1980; Driska et al., 1981) muscle fibers. These findings have brought about the widespread belief that this system is the primary regulator of smooth muscle contraction.
Reversible activation of XA21-mediated resistance by temperature

The pattern recognition receptor XA21 confers developmentally-regulated resistance to bacterial blight disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Under normal conditions, XA21 plants are susceptible when inoculated 2 weeks after germination and become fully resistant as they mature (after six-week-old). We report here that XA21-mediated resistance can be fully activated when the juvenile plants are grown at 27 °C under fluorescent light. Once transferred back to 31 °C under the same light intensity, XA21 seedlings lose the gained resistance. Temperature shift experiments indicate that high temperature treatment can suppress activated XA21 resistance. We also show that abundance of the XA21 protein is not significantly influenced by the temperature changes. These results highlight an interplay between development and temperature in this immune system. Full activation of resistance at juvenile stage will greatly facilitate the studies of XA21 immunity.
Chemical Oxidation of a Coordinated PNP-Pincer Ligand Forms Unexpected Re-Nitroxide Complexes with Reversal of Nitride Reactivity.

Because of the thermodynamic demands of N2 cleavage, N2-derived nitride complexes are often unreactive. The development of multistep N2 functionalization reactions hinges on methods for modulating ...
From Nonequilibrium Single-Molecule Trajectories to Underlying Dynamics

Single-molecule observations of biomolecular dynamics and folding are commonly rationalized using the model of diffusive dynamics on a free-energy landscape, which is inferred via the Boltzmann inversion of the equilibrium distribution of the experimental observable. Can the same model be applied to high-resolution single-molecule trajectories of molecular machines that lack thermal equilibrium so that the Boltzmann inversion method is inapplicable? In this Letter, we discuss two approaches to reconstructing the underlying free-energy landscape in such nonequilibrium systems and explore the performance of this model in application to trajectories with complex underlying dynamics.
The historical evolution of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: from Dandy's discovery to Jannetta's legacy

Although the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have been well described throughout the history of medicine, its etiology was initially not well understood by most surgeons. The standard procedure used to treat TN today, microvascular decompression (MVD), evolved due to the efforts of numerous neurosurgeons throughout the twentieth century. Walter Dandy was the first to utilize the cerebellar (suboccipital) approach to expose the trigeminal nerve for partial sectioning. He made unique observations about the compression of the trigeminal nerve by nearby structures, such as vasculature and tumors, in TN patients. In the 1920s, Dandy unintentionally performed the first MVD of the trigeminal nerve root. In the 1950s, Palle Taarnhoj treated a TN patient by performing the first intentional decompressive procedure on the trigeminal nerve root solely through the removal of a compressive tumor. By the 1960s, W. James Gardner was demonstrating that the removal of offending lesion(s) or decompression of nearby vasculature alleviated pressure on the trigeminal nerve and the pain associated with TN. By the 1990s, Peter Jannetta proved Dandy's original hypothesis; he visualized the compression of the trigeminal nerve at the root entry zone in TN patients using an intraoperative microscope. In this paper, we recount the historical evolution of MVD for the treatment of TN.
Kazakhstan and the Soviet legacy: between continuity and rupture: edited by Jean-François Caron, Singapore, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, xi + 209 pp., $109.99, ISBN: 978-981-13-6692-5

This collection brings together some well-known scholars of contemporary Central Asia from across the social sciences in an interdisciplinary conversation on post-Soviet continuity and change in Ka...
Nebraska Choice of Law: An Updated Synthesis

In 2005, I wrote an article synthesizing Nebraska choice-of-law principles to Restatement-like principles. More than a decade on, it's time to update it. Many of the principles have stayed stable, but others need to be updated or expanded. Nebraska's choice-of-law approach derives principally from the Second Restatement of Conflicts. The article also addresses the draft Third Restatement of Conflicts where applicable.
The autonomous flexible labor force

Flexible human resources and lean business processes are integral components of many operations. In this paper, we present and analyze a model that explores the interaction between a worker's production autonomy and chosen breadth of training. This model helps explain why existing observations and the literature are mixed regarding whether lean initiatives accompany production autonomy. We also present empirically testable hypotheses that highlight interesting model insights. Finally, we use results from our model to argue that an efficient company attempting to become leaner by “doing more with less” is likely to lower the size of the workforce and lower production autonomy.
Linearized plastic plate models as Γ-limits of 3D finite elastoplasticity

The subject of this paper is the rigorous derivation of reduced models for a thin plate by means of Γ-convergence, in the framework of finite plasticity. Denoting by e the thickness of the plate, we analyse the case where the scaling factor of the elasto-plastic energy per unit volume is of order e 2α�2 ,w ithα ≥ 3. According to the value ofα, partially or fully linearized models are deduced, which correspond, in the absence of plastic deformation, to the Von Karman plate theory and the linearized plate theory.
The Loan Fee Anomaly: A Short Seller's Best Ideas

We find that equity loan fees are the best predictor of cross-sectional returns. When compared to 102 other anomalies, the loan fee anomaly has the highest monthly long-short return (1.17%), has the highest monthly Sharpe Ratio (0.40), and unlike other anomalies, exhibits strong persistence throughout the sample. We show that 28% of the loan fee anomaly can be explained by its selective exposure to the best performing anomalies, while 72% is due to unique information possessed by short sellers. Our results show that short sellers' willingness to pay prices the cross-section of stocks and these "best ideas'' outperform other anomalies.
Delay tactics for action in the cortex.

How the brain computes with sensory input to execute a delayed motor response remains elusive. In this issue of Neuron, Esmaeili et al. (2021) reveal a key cortical circuit that underlies sensorimotor transformation to execute a delayed motor output following a specific sensory input.
Racism, Colonialism, and Modernity: The Sociology of W.E.B. Du Bois

Du Bois was the founder of American scientific empirical sociology and one of the most important social theorists of the twentieth century. Today, many mainstream sociologists are willing to accept that empirical sociology in American started with Du Bois and the Atlanta school. But they are not aware that Du Bois also developed a distinct theoretical approach that understood modernity as racialized and put racism and colonialism at the center of historical capitalism. He introduced and documented the color line as a global historical social structure that affects the opportunities, experiences, and subjectivities of people around the world. His theoretical approach was global and historical in its perspective, combining the analysis of macrostructures and subjective experiences. Du Bois constructed a bottom-up sociology that interrogated the social world from the perspective of the oppressed and anchored his analysis in a subaltern standpoint connecting lived experiences and social analyses.
Pharmacy in Flight: Impact of Clinical Pharmacist in Prehospital Care

Abstract Critical care and emergency medicine pharmacists play vital roles in the hospital setting but have historically had limited involvement in prehospital emergency services. The Mississippi Center for Emergency Services added a critical care pharmacist to the interprofessional prehospital team. This article characterizes the role of the prehospital clinical pharmacist.
The Pre-Epidemic Model

Consider a very large population in which nobody has smallpox. For the sake of simplicity it is assumed that the total size of the population is constant. Each day a number of individuals travel to and from areas of the world in which smallpox is endemic. Let α be the probability that on any given day at least one of the arriving individuals is infected with smallpox. (We assume that an individual arriving with the disease manifests no visible symptoms -- if the disease were apparent, the individual would be isolated immediately, and no outbreak of the disease could occur.) Note that the probability of disease importation depends on factors which are external to the population under study. Specifically, the probability that an infected person will arrive depends on the worldwide incidence of smallpox and the level of international travel to regions where the disease is endemic. These rates (and hence α) are determined outside the present mathematical model and are treated here as constants.3
Design principles and patterns for computer systems that are simultaneously secure and usable

It is widely believed that security and usability are two antagonistic goals in system design. This thesis argues that there are many instances in which security and usability can be synergistically improved by revising the way that specific functionality is implemented in many of today's operating systems and applications. Specific design principles and patterns are presented that can accomplish this goal. Patterns are presented that minimize the release of confidential information through remnant and remanent data left on hard drives, in web browsers, and in documents. These patterns are based on a study involving the purchase of 236 hard drives on the secondary market, interviews conducted with organizations whose drives had been acquired, and through a detailed examination of modern web browsers and reports of information leakage in documents. Patterns are presented that enable secure messaging through the adoption of new key management techniques. These patterns are supported through an analysis of S/MIME handling in modern email clients, a survey of 469 Amazon.com merchants, and a user study of 43 individuals. Patterns are presented for promoting secure operation and for reducing the danger of covert monitoring. These patterns are supported by the literature review and an analysis of current systems. In every case considered, it is shown that the perceived antagonism of security and usability can be scaled back or eliminated by revising the underlying designs on which modern systems are conceived. In many cases these designs can be implemented without significant user interface changes. The patterns described in this thesis can be directly applied by today's software developers and used for educating the next generation of programmers so that longstanding usability problems in computer security can at last be addressed. It is very likely that additional patterns can be identified in other related areas. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Use of heparin in disseminated intravascular coagulation

Abstract Hypofibrinogenemia due to disseminated intravascular coagulation following an undelivered dead fetus in utero involves the release of tissue thromboplastin from the degenerating products of conception, with a subsequent activation of the clotting pathway. The replacement of fibrinogen may be attended by various hazards and may at times be fatal. If the clotting mechanism is not stopped, fibrinogen will continue to be depleted, even if replaced, and fibrinolysis will complicate the severity of the problem. By giving heparin and at the same time evacuating the uterus, the initial steps of the clotting mechanism are stopped and resultent hypofibrinogenemia and fibrinolysis are prevented.
Mathematical Aspects of Finite Element Methods for Incompressible Viscous Flows

One of the most successful and well-developed mathematical theories concerning finite element methods (FEM) is that connected with incompressible flow problems. The success of this theory lies not only in the accumulated elegant mathematical results, but also in its impact on practical computations. The outstanding monograph by Girault and Raviart [15] give a rigorous account of this theory, and to this day remain the definitive sources.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, "18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Detection of Recurrent Same-Site Deep Vein Thrombosis by Illuminating Recently Formed, Neutrophil-Rich Thrombus".

We thank Dr Klok and colleagues for their comments on our article.1 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a relatively common disorder that is associated with potentially deadly complications, such as pulmonary embolism, and carries a substantial risk for the postthrombotic syndrome and recurrent DVT. Novel strategies are needed to predict and ultimately to reduce the development of such DVT-related complications. It is in this context that our group recently presented a novel application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging of inflammation to detect recurrent DVT, a vexing clinical problem insufficiently addressed by duplex ultrasound.1 In their letter, Klok et al posed questions about aspects of the clinical substudy reported in our article. We wish to provide some answers to their inquiries. One …
The Need for a Patent-Centric Standard of Antitrust Review to Evaluate Reverse Payment Settlements

Reverse payment settlements have ignited a firestorm debate among all affected parties: consumer groups, brand-name pharmaceutical companies, generic manufacturers, pharmaceutical wholesalers and retailers, lawmakers, executive agencies, and the federal courts. The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has waged a decade-long battle against such private settlements of pharmaceutical patent litigation as illegal market-sharing agreements, with skirmishes among the circuits trending in favor of the settling parties until recently. The Third Circuit’s recent decision in In re K-Dur Antitrust Litigation unsettled this trend, and the Supreme Court granted the FTC’s petition for a writ of certiorari in a separate case on the issue on December 7, 2012.A reverse payment settlement is an agreement ending a pharmaceutical patent infringement suit under which a putative patent holder agrees to compensate an alleged infringer, typically a generic firm, to settle a patent infringement case. In exchange, the alleged infringer agrees not to challenge the patent holder’s patent or sell a generic version of the drug for a stated term. Because the payment flows from the plaintiff to the defendant, it has been called a “reverse” payment.This Note argues that any standard of antitrust review for reverse payment settlements must involve an evaluation of the patent’s strength at the time the patent holder and generic firm enter into a settlement. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is the court of competent jurisdiction to review a district court’s evaluation of a patent’s strength. Part I reviews reverse payment settlements generally and the statutory schemes that promote their emergence. Part II presents three approaches the circuit courts have adopted to review reverse payment settlements: per se illegality, a rebuttable presumption of illegality, and the scope of the patent test. Part III argues that any standard of antitrust scrutiny must consider the patent’s strength at the time of the settlement — an approach no circuit has yet adopted — and that the Federal Circuit is the proper appellate court to review patent strength.
Dual-precipitation method for lipoprotein quantitation: improvement by membrane ultrafiltration of lipemic samples.

Plasma lipoproteins can be measured by the clinical laboratory after the major lipoprotein classes have been separated by two precipitation steps, one of which is the aggregation of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by the detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Lipoprotein concentrations are expressed in terms of the cholesterol concentration within each class. However, incomplete removal of aggregated VLDL has led to serious analytical errors in a few lipemic subjects. We tested the efficacy of a membrane ultrafiltration step in removal of aggregated VLDL in three patients with plasma triglyceride concentrations of 540 to 12 560 mg/dl. Preliminary membrane ultrafiltration to remove the aggregated VLDL improved the precision of the method and is recommended for the analysis of grossly lipemic samples.
Acquired alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and dysgammaglobulinemia

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) levels were measured in patients with three types of dysgammaglobulinemia: monoclonal gammopathy, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. A fourth group comprised of subjects with normogammaglobulinemia served as a control. The frequency of hypoalpha-1-antitrypsinemia was significantly higher in those with monoclonal gammopathy compared with controls. The basis for this evaluation is unknown. It was not associated with phenotypic variation nor was it related to sex, age, total protein, albumin and immunoglobulin levels, liver function, bone marrow and bone x-ray findings.
Review of Henri Bergson's Book: Creative Evolution

Spirit, and the mystery implied by vitalism, is reduced to the deep mystery of time and its two windows. Bergson's vitalism appears to us as a great differentiation and fragmentation, followed by a division of labor. But the support given to our eyes to which appearance is given is a sentience capable of the most subtle awareness coming as hindsight, and this quality may go unnoticed in mere appearance that sees only differentiation. Is humanity doomed to its intellect, unable to find the intuition we need? I think there is some room for optimism in the development of an intuitionist logic! We looked an inductive thinking already, and how it opposes deductive thought. Induction is as an instinct that follows the happy-go-lucky habits of life, and it is an already recognized human faculty of reason. It is induction that has a close associations with intuition, particularly when we discover a deduction that contradicts our blind expectations given to us by induction. Wayward induction is found married to its faulty deduction, and what holds the two together is a naked emotionality that may fall for the circular thinking that Bergson`s warns us about. You can find this book at Amazon: Creative Evolution .
Humiliation and Transgender Regulation: Commentary on Paper by Ken Corbett

This commentary reads Ken Corbett's “Boyhood Femininity” alongside the Lawrence King case to examine shame as a means of regulating gender nonconforming boys. Corbett describes the dominant clinical discourse on feminine boys that understands them to be “nonconforming, extreme, and disordered” and notes that such discourse depends on the presupposition that boys must be masculine. This discourse is at once ontological and normative, asserting both that boys are naturally masculine and that they need to become masculine, a paradoxical imperative that may account for the ways in which the discourse is haunted by anxiety about the location, durability, and persistence of masculinity. In responding to the framing of boyhood femininity as a disorder, Corbett inverts the diagnosis; as a response to the reading of gender variant youth as inappropriately arrested in their psychosexual development, he diagnoses the profession itself as suffering from a “developmental lag” and suggests that the diagnosis that conde...
Effect of vane twist on the performance of dome swirlers for gas turbine airblast atomizers

For advanced gas turbine engines, two combustor systems, the lean premixed/prevaporized (LPP) and the rich burn/quick quench/lean burn (RQL) offer great potential for reducing NO(x) emissions. An important consideration for either concept is the development of an advanced fuel injection system that will provide a stable, efficient, and very uniform combustion system over a wide operating range. High-shear airblast fuel injectors for gas turbine combustors have exhibited superior atomization and mixing compared with pressure-atomizing fuel injectors. This improved mixing has lowered NO(x) emissions and the pattern factor, and has enabled combustors to alternate fuels while maintaining a stable, efficient combustion system. The performance of high-shear airblast fuel injectors is highly dependent on the design of the dome swirl vanes. The type of swirl vanes most widely used in gas turbine combustors are usually flat for ease of manufacture, but vanes with curvature will, in general, give superior aerodynamic performance. The design and performance of high-turning, low-loss curved dome swirl vanes with twist along the span are investigated. The twist induces a secondary vortex flow pattern which will improve the atomization of the fuel, thereby producing a more uniform fuel-air distribution. This uniform distribution will increase combustion efficiency while lowering NO(x) emissions. A systematic swirl vane design system is presented based on one-, two-, and three-dimensional flowfield calculations, with variations in vane-turning angle, rate of turning, vane solidity, and vane twist as design parameters.
A Laser-Induced Mouse Model with Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Elevation

Purpose To develop and characterize a mouse model with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after laser photocoagulation on the trabecular meshwork (TM), which may serve as a model to investigate the potential of stem cell-based therapies for glaucoma.
An Improved Ringer Solution for the Heart of the Passalus Beetle, Popilius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae)

A Ringer solution has been devised which maintains the isolated heart of the beetle Popilius disjunctus (Illiger) in excellent condition over long periods. The isolated heart exhibited a rate and amplitude similar to that of the heart in the intact animal, and these characteristics remained relatively constant for periods up to 15 hr. The superiority of this Ringer over that used previously by Gaulden and Carlson is due to a 5-fold increase in potassium concentration. The effects of varying the concentrations of K and Ca are. described and the frequency distribution of 154 hearts is given.
Recent advances in the molecular basis of pathogen recognition and host responses in the urinary tract

The interactions between pathogenic bacteria and their hosts are dynamic and multifaceted. The presence of bacterial pathogens at mucosal surfaces triggers a vigorous inflammatory response that is essential for controlling the replication and spread of the intruder. However, inflammation also damages host tissue, and thus its induction must be tightly regulated. The molecular mechanisms underlying the stimulation of an inflammatory response by pathogenic bacteria have been elusive. The urinary tract infection (UTI) model system has been a powerful tool for understanding the interactions between cells of the innate host defense system, as well as the bacterial factors and host receptors involved in eliciting host cell activation. This article will discuss several recent findings that enhance our understanding of inflammatory effector mechanisms and pathogen recognition in the context of a mucosal surface.
A Wireless Body Area Network for carefree medical sensing

A Medical Sensing Body Area Network (MS-BAN) is designed and tested to connect with a lung-imaging sensor. The proposed MS-BAN can add wireless connectivity to a variety of other sensors. It is demonstrated that a wireless connection platform along with a RF power detector circuit can be used in conjunction with a lung-imaging sensor to provide deep tissue sensing and communication.
A P300-Based Brain–Computer Interface: Effects of Interface Type and Screen Size

As a nonmuscular communication and control system for people with severe motor disabilities, brain–computer interface (BCI) has found several applications. Although a few empirical studies of BCI user performance do exist, little to no research has specifically evaluated the impact of contributing factors on user performance in the BCI applications. To that end, our within-subjects design compared the impact of two different types of interface (ABC interface vs. frequency-based interface) and three levels of screen size (computer monitor, global positioning system, and cell phone screen) of a P300-based BCI application, P300 Speller, on user performance (accuracy, information transfer rate, amplitude, and latency) and usage preference. Ten participants with neuromuscular disabilities such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral palsy and 10 nondisabled participants were asked to type six, 10-character phrases in the P300 Speller. The overall accuracy was 79.7% for the nondisabled participants and 28...
Switching Gestalts on Gestalt Psychology: On the Relation between Science and Philosophy

The distinction between science and philosophy plays a central role in methodological, programmatic and institutional debates. Discussions of disciplinary identities typically focus on boundaries or else on genealogies, yielding models of demarcation and models of dynamics. Considerations of a discipline's self-image, often based on history, often plays an important role in the values, projects and practices of its members. Recent focus on the dynamics of scientific change supplements Kuhnian neat model with a role for philosophy and yields a model of the evolution of philosophy of science. This view illuminates important aspects of science and itself contributes to philosophy of science. This interactive model is general yet based on exclusive attention to physics. In this paper and two sequels, I focus on the human sciences and argue that their role in the history of philosophy of science is just as important and it also involves a close involvement of the history of philosophy. The focus is on Gestalt ...
Manganese superoxide dismutase in normal and transformed human embryonic lung fibroblasts.

Abstract The manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity of WI38 human embryonic lung fibroblasts and SV40-transformed WI38 cells was measured. Under various growth conditions, the transformed cells always had lower MnSOD activity than their normal cell counterparts. The activity of MnSOD changes greatly with the growth conditions in the WI38 cells, while the MnSOD activity in the tumor cells remained more constant. The amount of immunoreactive MnSOD was measured by Western blotting. In all cases studied, the amount of immunoreactive MnSOD was lower in the transformed cells than in normal cells.
Breast Ductoscopy and the Evolution of the Intra‐Ductal Approach to Breast Cancer

Interest in breast endoscopy came from Oriental investigators in the early 1990s where bloody nipple discharge is a more common presentation of breast cancer. The early techniques using a single microfiber scope without ductal distension was successful in navigating only the first 1-3 cm of the ducts and fraught with technical problems such as scope breakage and poor image quality. In spite of these barriers there has been increasing use of this technology in Japan and more widespread acceptance as the technology of scope design improved. Dooley and others tested a new method of obtaining a rich cytologic specimen from the ducts of high-risk women known as ductal lavage recently. The success of this procedure was that it detected severe cytologic and malignant atypia in clinically and radiographically normal breasts. Reproducibly, the same breast duct could be cannulated and severely atypical cytology obtained. The problem arose in identifying the lesion within the breast, which was the source for the atypia. New American multi-fiber microendoscopes were applied to solve this problem in an initial series of patients with abnormal cytology to identify the lesions. Success of that series lead to wider application of the imaging technology and eventual adoption of this imaging modality help to guide during all non-mastectomy breast surgery where fluid could be elicited from the nipple to identify the duct connecting to the lesion for which surgery was being performed. Initial reports have demonstrated the types of operative findings in certain sub-populations early in the use of this technology.
Early Prediction of Reading Achievement Exploring the Relationship of Cognitive and Noncognitive Measures to Inaccurate Classifications of At-Risk Status

The present study examined the early profiles of students who were screened for learning difficulties with search (Silver & Hagin, 1981), an early identification measure, and were found to be adequate or inadequate readers at the end of second grade. In order to gain insight into the problem of inaccurate classifications of atrisk status at kindergarten, this study investigated students' performance on cognitive measures and behavior problems, as well as socioeconomic background and teacher predictions of learning difficulties. Our results indicated that search tends to underidentify as not at risk some children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and to over-identify as at risk children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Information from classroom teachers and individually administered assessment tools is necessary and useful in the process of identifying those young children who are truly at risk and in need of early intervention services.
On Stability Analyses of Three Classical Buckling Problems for the Elastic Strut

It is common practice in analyses of the configurations of an elastica to use Jacobi’s necessary condition to establish conditions for stability. Analyses of this type date to Born’s seminal work on the elastica in 1906 and continue to the present day. Legendre developed a treatment of the second variation which predates Jacobi’s. The purpose of this paper is to explore Legendre’s treatment with the aid of three classical buckling problems for elastic struts. Central to this treatment is the issue of existence of solutions to a Riccati differential equation. We present two different variational formulations for the buckling problems, both of which lead to the same Riccati equation, and we demonstrate that the conclusions from Legendre and Jacobi’s treatments are equivalent for some sets of boundary conditions. In addition, the failure of both treatments to classify stable configurations of a free-free strut are contrasted.
A picture identification test for hearing-impaired children.

A picture identification test for measuring speech discrimination ability in hearing-impaired children was developed in two phases. In the first phase the word stimuli were evaluated to determine whether they were within the recognition vocabulary of the children and whether the pictorial representations of the words were adequate. Before the second phase, the test was revised to consist of 25 plates with 6 pictures on each plate, with only 4 of the pictures on each plate used as test stimuli. These 4 lists were given to 61 hearing-impaired children on two separate occasions. The results indicate reliability coefficients in excess of 0.87 for all four lists, with mean differences of less than 3% and correlation coefficients between lists greater than 0.84. The test appears to be a potentially valuable clinical tool in pediatric audiology. We call it the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (WIPI).
A type II keratin is expressed in glial cells of the goldfish visual pathway.

Abstract The predominant intermediate filament proteins of the goldfish visual pathway consist of neuronal and nonneuronal isoelectric variants (58 kd). We have isolated a cDNA clone for the glial intermediate filament protein (ON 3 ) from an optic nerve expression library. The predicted amino acid sequence of this clone reveals that it codes for a type II keratin representing the goldfish equivalent of mammalian keratin K8. K8 has been shown to be associated with embryogenesis and development. Unlike the mammalian visual system, the goldfish visual pathway displays a remarkable capacity for functional regeneration. The expression of K8, a protein not usually expressed in glial cells but shown to be associated with development, in the goldfish optic nerve may be involved with the processes of growth and regeneration in the goldfish visual pathway.
MATERNAL REGULATION OF EMBRYONIC GROWTH : THE ROLE OF VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important growth regulator of the embryonic day (E)9–E11 mouse. In comparably aged rat embryos, VIP messenger RNA (mRNA) is not detectable; however, peak concentrations of VIP in maternal rat serum indicate a nonembryonic source. In the current study, mouse maternal and embryonic tissues were examined from E6–E12. Although RT-PCR revealed VIP mRNA in E6–E7 conceptuses, by E8 (when extraembryonic tissues could be separated from the embryo), VIP mRNA was detected only in the decidua/trophoblast. Decidual/trophoblastic VIP mRNA decreased until E10, after which it was not detectable. VIP mRNA was not apparent in the embryo until E11–E12. At E9, VIP immunoreactivity was localized to abundant, diffuse cells in the decidua basalis, which were also immunoreactive for T cell markers. VIP binding sites were dense in the decidua/trophoblast at E6, but gradually decreased until E10, after which they were not apparent. VIP binding sites were detected in embryonic neuroepitheli...
Identifying Justifications in Written Dialogs By Classifying Text as Argumentative

In written dialog, discourse participants need to justify claims they make, to convince the reader the claim is true and/or relevant to the discourse. This paper presents a new task (with an associated corpus), namely detecting such justifications. We investigate the nature of such justifications, and observe that the justifications themselves often contain discourse structure. We therefore develop a method to detect the existence of certain types of discourse relations, which helps us classify whether a segment is a justification or not. Our task is novel, and our work is novel in that it uses a large set of connectives (which we call indicators), and in that it uses a large set of discourse relations, without choosing among them.
A 1.6mW 1.6ps-rms-jitter 2.5GHz digital PLL with 0.7-to-3.5GHz frequency range in 90nm CMOS

A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) employs a linear proportional path, a double integral path, bandwidth and tuning range tracking, and a novel delta-sigma digital to analog converter to achieve low jitter, wide operating range and low power. The prototype DPLL fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process operates from 0.7 to 3.5GHz. At 2.5GHz, the proposed DPLL consumes only 1.6mW power from a 1V supply and achieves 1.6ps and 11.6ps of long-term r.m.s and peak-to-peak jitter, respectively.