cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simple, but NP-hard, motion planning problem

Determining the existence of a collision-free path between two points is one of the most fundamental questions in robotics. However, in situations where crossing an obstacle is costly but not impossible, it may be more appropriate to ask for the path that crosses the fewest obstacles. This may arise in both autonomous outdoor navigation (where the obstacles are rough but not completely impassable terrain) or indoor navigation (where the obstacles are doors that can be opened if necessary). This problem, the minimum constraint removal problem, is at least as hard as the underlying path existence problem. In this paper, we demonstrate that the minimum constraint removal problem is NP-hard for navigation in the plane even when the obstacles are all convex polygons, a case where the path existence problem is very easy.
Sesquiterpene lactones of Artemisia. Artecalin from A. californica and A. tripartita ssp. rupicola

Abstract Artecalin (I), a sesquiterpene lactone of the Santanolide group, has been found in Artemisia californica Less. (section Abrotanum) and in A. tripartita Gray ssp. rupicola Beetle (section Seriphidium). By removal of the elements of water, artecalin is converted into tuberiferin, a constituent of a plant of the tribe Cichorieae.
PRISONERS' FAMILIES A Study of Some Social and Psychological Effects of Incarceration on the Families of Negro Prisoners

This study examines the effects of imprisonment on the families of inmates. Likert scaling procedures were used to meaaire three components of change occurring in 93 families subsequent to the incarceration of the family head. These are: change in sociol acceptance, change in economic status, and change in the degree of sexual and emotional frustration of the wife. Findings indicate that finances and sexual-emotional frustrations underwent significant change and became problematic for a majority of families. Contrary to expectations, changes in social acceptance of the families were neither significant nor problematic except for a small minority.
Adenosine cyclic monophosphate in potato tubers during storage at +10° and +2°

Abstract The levels of adenosine 3′: 5′ cyclic monophosphate in mature potato tubers (variety King Edward) stored at + 10°, for varying periods at + 2° and then after 28 days at + 2° transferred to + 10°, have been measured. The concentrations were very low (3–30 pmol/g fr. weight) and did not show marked changes with storage conditions.
Calpain Immunoreactivity and Morphological Damage in Chinchilla Inner Ears after Carboplatin

Carboplatin produces an unusual pattern of damage in the chinchilla inner ear, characterized by early destruction of type I afferent fibers and preferential loss of type I hair cells in the vestibular end organs and inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. In the present study, we investigated a potential role of calpains, a family of calcium-activated proteases, in carboplatin ototoxicity. Chinchillas received carboplatin (100 mg/kg IP) and were sacrificed 12, 24, 48, or 72 h later for morphological evaluation or immunocytochemistry. Nerve fibers and myelin were the initial sites of increased calpain immunoreactivity (IR) and morphological damage. At 12 h, granular immunoreactive puncta were present within nerve fibers and their myelin sheaths in the spiral ganglion. In the habenula perforata, dense reaction product was present in large vacuoles in the myelin surrounding the nerve fibers. At 24 h, nerve fibers and myelin were destroyed in the habenula, and those in the spiral ganglion showed increased calpain IR and morphological damage. At 72 h, nerve fibers and myelin were completely destroyed. Calpain IR was not a prominent feature of IHCs, type I vestibular hair cells, or ganglion cells at any time after carboplatin. The results show a correlation between calpain IR and carboplatin-induced axon and myelin degeneration. We propose that calpain-induced axonopathy and myelinopathy are primary features of carboplatin ototoxicity in chinchilla.
Subretinal Pneumatic Displacement of Subretinal Hemorrhage

Massive submacular hemorrhage can cause disastrous visual complications. Prompt displacement away from the fovea is desirable in some patients. We describe a novel surgical technique involving subretinal air as a therapeutic adjuvant for massive submacular hemorrhage displacement.
Examining the (Non-)Status of NGOs in International Law

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly influential players on the international scene. Since the end of the Cold War, NGOs have enjoyed increasingly easy access to, and better possibilities to affect, political processes taking place above the national level. In fact, the increasing intensity of their activities over the last decade demonstrates that they have become an integral part of the procedures and structures of global governance. Most visibly, the recent protests of anti-globalization activists in Seattle, Gothenburg, Porto Alegre, Davos, Genoa, and many other locations demonstrated the potential of NGOs to influence the proceedings of international negotiations. These protests also clearly revealed NGOs’ capacity for mobilizing and networking across borders and in a short period of time. But NGOs are not always opponents to governmental institutions and do not always challenge their policies. Rather, they are often directly involved in the design of policies and may shape political processes from inside the official arenas. For example, at the United Nations, NGOs are significantly involved in the activities and performances of the intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
Quenching of Fluorescence from CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystal QDs Near Copper Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution

Significant quenching of fluorescence from CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) coated with mercaptoundecanoic ligands has been realized by copper nanoparticles (NPs). (a) Static quenching in the electrostatic association between the CdSe/ZnS QDs and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated Cu NPs and (b) dynamic quenching of the same nanocrystals by polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Cu NPs were studied. In both cases, the quenching of fluorescence from the CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals is sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of the copper NPs, and the quenching efficiency increases as spectral overlap between the CdSe/ZnS emission and the copper nanoparticle absorption increases. This suggests that the observed quenching is a result of energy transfer processes. These findings open new avenues for the utilization of Cu NPs in energy transfer-based applications.
A massively parallel fast multipole algorithm in three dimensions

The simulation of many-body, many-particle systems has a wide range of applications in areas such as biophysics, chemistry, astrophysics, etc. It is known that the force calculation contributes 90% of the simulation time. This is mainly due to the fact that the total number of interactions in the force is O(N/sup 2/), where N is the number of particles in the system. The fast multipole algorithm proposed by Greengard and Rokhlin (1987) reduces the time complexity to O(N). In this paper, we design an efficient, parallel fast multipole algorithm in 3D. For portability, our parallel program is implemented using the Message Passing Interface. Is it possible to obtain high performance for a computationally-intensive application using a LAN of workstations? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question, which is commonly asked by those researchers who have no access to parallel computers or supercomputers.
Molecular Determinants of Heritable Vitamin E Deficiency

Tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) is a key regulator of vitamin E homeostasis. TTP is presumed to function by transporting the hydrophobic vitamin between cellular compartments, thus facilitating its secretion to the extracellular space. Indeed, recombinant TTP demonstrates marked ability to facilitate tocopherol transfer between lipid bilayers. We report the biochemical characterization of six missense mutations TTP(1) that are found in human AVED patients. We expressed the H101Q, A120T, R192H, R59W, E141K, and R221W TTP mutants in Escherichia coli, and purified the proteins to homogeneity. We then characterized TTP and its mutant counterparts with respect to their affinity for RRR-alpha-tocopherol and to their ability to catalyze tocopherol transfer between membranes. We observe the R59W, E141K, and R221W mutations, associated with the severe, early-onset version of AVED, are impaired in tocopherol binding and transfer activity. Surprisingly, despite the profound clinical effect of the R59W, E141K, and R221W mutations in vivo, their impact on TTP activity in vitro is quite benign (2-3-fold reduction in transfer kinetics). Furthermore, mutations associated with milder forms of the AVED disease, while causing pronounced perturbations in tocopherol homeostasis in vivo, are remarkably similar to the wild-type protein in the tocopherol transfer assays in vitro. Our data indicate that tocopherol transfer activity in vitro does not properly recapitulate the physiological functions of TTP. These findings suggest the possibility that the AVED syndrome may not arise from an inability of TTP to bind or to transfer alpha tocopherol, but rather from defects in other activities of the protein.
Ovarian adenocarcinoma presenting with the sign of Leser-Trélat

A 76-year-old woman with ovarian adenocarcinoma and sudden onset of many seborrheic keratoses is reported. This cutaneous sign, a marker of an internal malignancy, is known as the sign of Leser-Trelat. Its association with gynecologic neoplasms is reviewed.
Random Treatment Assignment Using Mathematical Equipoise for Comparative Effectiveness Trials

In controlled clinical trials, random assignment of treatment is appropriate only when there is equipoise, that is, no clear preference among treatment options. However, even when equipoise appears absent because prior trials show, on average, one treatment yields superior outcomes, random assignment still may be appropriate for some patients and circumstances. In such cases, enrollment into trials may be assisted by real-time patient-specific predictions of treatment outcomes, to determine whether there is equipoise to justify randomization. The percutaneous coronary intervention thrombolytic predictive instrument (PCI-TPI) computes probabilities of 30-day mortality for patients having ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), if treated with thrombolytic therapy (TT), and if treated with PCI. We estimated uncertainty around differences in their respective predicted benefits using the estimated uncertainty of the model coefficients. Using the 2,781-patient PCI-TPI development dataset, we evaluated the distribution of predicted benefits for each patient. For three typical clinical situations, randomization was potentially warranted for 70%, 93%, and 80% of patients. Predictive models may allow real-time patient-specific determination of whether there is equipoise that justifies trial enrollment for a given patient. This approach may have utility for comparative effectiveness trials and for application of trial results to clinical practice.
Pyrometamorphism and partial melting of shales during combustion metamorphism: mineralogical, textural, and chemical effects

Eocene shales metamorphosed by a naturally ignited coal seam in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming record a continuum of mineralogic and textural changes from relatively unaltered shale to melt developed during pyrometamorphism. Samples collected along a section 2 m in length, corresponding to a temperature range of approximately 1300°C, were examined optically and by XRD, SEM, and STEM. The low temperature samples are comprised primarily of silt-sized quartz, K-feldspar, and minor amounts of other detrital minerals in a continuous matrix of illite/smectite (I/S). Delamination of phyllosilicates due to dehydroxylation occurs early in the sequence with curling of individual layers from rim to core. Within one-half meter of melted areas, phyllosilicates have undergone an essentially isochemical reconstitution with nucleation and growth of mullite crystals with maximum diameters of 50 nm, randomly distributed within a non-crystalline phase that replaces I/S. Large detrital grains remain for the most part unaffected except for the inversion of quartz to tridymite/cristobalite. Within 1 mm of the solid/melt interface, the mullitebearing clay mineral matrix is essentially homogeneous in composition with obscure grain boundaries, caused by apparent homogenization of poorly crystalline material. This material is similar in composition to parent clays and acts as a matrix to angular, remnant tridymite/cristobalite grains. Rounded, smaller silica grains have reaction rims with the non-crystalline matrix; K-feldspar is no longer present (apparently reacted with the matrix) and the matrix contains abundant pore space due to shrinkage upon dehydroxylation. As isolated pods of paralava (glass) or fractures are approached, Fe−Ti−Al oxides become abundant. Vesicular glass is separated from clinker by a well-defined interface and contains numerous phenocrysts. XRF analyses and reduced area rastering using EDS imply enrichment of the melt phase in Fe, Ca, Mg and Mn, apparently due to vapor transport from other layers lower in the sedimentary sequence.
Fault-propagation, ductile strain, and displacement-distance relationships

Abstract Displacement-distance analysis of fault-related fold structures can reveal important information about the distribution of fault displacement, and, in some cases, the history of fault propagation. This method is commonly used to: (1) determine the ratio of displacement rate to propagation rate ( s p ratio), (2) predict the location of unconstrained fault tips, (3) determine the location of fault nucleation points, and (4) evaluate structural interpretations. Although the displacement-distance approach represents a potentially useful method for gaining information about displacement-parallel fault propagation histories of natural fault-related fold structures, the theoretical relationship between s p and relative stretch (er) that forms the basis of this method remains essentially untested. Because displacement rates and propagation rates are generally unknown for natural structures, these relationships can only be objectively tested by analysing model structures with known geometries, strain distributions, and fault propagation histories. Displacement-distance analysis of different fault-related fold models reveals that: (1) displacement-distance relationships are highly dependent on the nature of the hanging wall strain, (2) relative stretch is not related to s p in any general way, (3) fault tip locations cannot always be predicted by linear extrapolation of displacement-distance trajectories, (4) displacement maxima are not necessarily indicative of fault nucleation points in all cases, and (5) although calculation of s p ratios from observed relative stretch magnitudes may not be appropriate, the use of displacement-distance relationships can nonetheless be useful in comparing structures and improving structural interpretations.
Photologging In North Carolina

Gentlemen: In the next 30 minutes I would like to give you a brief discussion on the system of Photologging now in use in the North Carolina State Highway Commission. In the discussion, I plan to briefly cover our equipment, something of the integrated system we have found useful, some of the problems we have encountered, and some of the uses made of the product.© (1973) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
DRIFS-TDMA: a proposal for a satellite access distributed-control algorithm for multimedia traffic in a faded environment

Most demand assignment time division multiple access (TDMA) satellite access protocols use centralized-control access schemes, rather than distributed ones, because their simplicity and robustness usually compensates for the longer allocation delay. Starting from the fifo ordered demand assignment/information bit energy adapter (FODA/IBEA) centralized-control protocol, we studied two distributed-control protocols, named distributed allocation with request in fixed slots (DRIFS) and faded environments effective distributed engineering redundant signalling (FEEDERS) respectively, for accessing a geostationary satellite channel. Multimedia traffic and faded environments were considered in the study of both access schemes. This paper presents the DRIFS proposal, together with the recovery procedures from critical events, the handling of which is central to the discussion of a distributed satellite access protocol. Probabilities of such events are also estimated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of multinomial and binomial proportion methods for analysis of multinomial count data

Simulation methods were used to generate 1,000 experiments, each with 3 treatments and 10 experimental units/treatment, in completely randomized (CRD) and randomized complete block designs. Data were counts in 3 ordered or 4 nominal categories from multinomial distributions. For the 3-category analyses, category probabilities were 0.6, 0.3, and 0.1, respectively, for 2 of the treatments, and 0.5, 0.35, and 0.15 for the third treatment. In the 4-category analysis (CRD only), probabilities were 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2 for treatments 1 and 2 vs. 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, and 0.1 for treatment 3. The 3-category data were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models as an ordered multinomial distribution with a cumulative logit link or by regrouping the data (e.g., counts in 1 category/sum of counts in all categories), followed by analysis of single categories as binomial proportions. Similarly, the 4-category data were analyzed as a nominal multinomial distribution with a glogit link or by grouping data as binomial proportions. For the 3-category CRD analyses, empirically determined type I error rates based on pair-wise comparisons (F- and Wald chi(2) tests) did not differ between multinomial and individual binomial category analyses with 10 (P = 0.38 to 0.60) or 50 (P = 0.19 to 0.67) sampling units/experimental unit. When analyzed as binomial proportions, power estimates varied among categories, with analysis of the category with the greatest counts yielding power similar to the multinomial analysis. Agreement between methods (percentage of experiments with the same results for the overall test for treatment effects) varied considerably among categories analyzed and sampling unit scenarios for the 3-category CRD analyses. Power (F-test) was 24.3, 49.1, 66.9, 83.5, 86.8, and 99.7% for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 sampling units/experimental unit for the 3-category multinomial CRD analyses. Results with randomized complete block design simulations were similar to those with the CRD; however, increasing the size of the random block effect decreased the power of the F-test for the treatment effect. Power of the binomial approach with 4-category nominal data (CRD with 50 sampling units/experimental unit) depended on the probability of the category used, but the type I error rate for individual binomial proportions did not differ (P > 0.43) from the multinomial rate. Overall, analyzing a single binomial category from the multinomial distribution did not affect the type I error rate; however, analyzing multinomial data as a series of binomial proportions increased the experiment-wise type I error rate, and power varied among categories. Within the ordered category probabilities we modeled, power decreased as the number of sampling units per experimental unit decreased. Thus, for variables with probabilities similar to those modeled, power to detect treatment differences in count data from research settings with a small number of animals per pen would be limited.
Thoracoscopic repair of instrumental perforation of the oesophagus: first report.

Background Perforation of the oesophagus is a life-threatening condition requiring early recognition and repair to prevent mediastinitis and death. Primary closure with mediastinal drainage is recognised as the treatment of choice for patients presenting within 24 hours. Many are frail, however, and unsuitable for major surgery. Aim To report the first case of thoracoscopic repair of the oesophagus for oesophageal perforation following instrumentation.
Global Analysis of Security and Trust Perceptions in Web Design for E-Commerce

Security and trust play a critical role in e-commerce transactions. Web sites project the trustworthiness of the business. In this regard, web design should take into account the user perceptions concerning security and trust in facilitating e-commerce. In this study, the authors focused on these two key aspects. Successful interaction with an e-commerce site depends on attracting and maintaining user's trust of the web business. To assess the security and trust perception, the authors designed and surveyed more than 1000 college students, a major group supporting e-commerce. The authors developed three hypotheses concerning e-commerce web site design with respect to trust, security, and privacy. In this paper, the authors identify important user expectations with regard to web site design and test the hypotheses. As E-commerce is global, this analysis includes results from other countries besides the U.S.
Interaction of Microstructure and Interfacial Adhesion on Impact Performance of Polylactide (PLA) Ternary Blends

Polyactide (PLA) was blended with an ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (EBA-GMA) terpolymer and a zinc ionomer of ethylene/methacrylic acid (EMAA-Zn) copolymer. The phase morphology of the resulting ternary blends and its relationship with impact behaviors were studied systematically. Dynamic vulcanization of EBA-GMA in the presence of EMAA-Zn was investigated by torque rheology, and its cross-link level was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Reactive compatibilization between PLA and EBA-GMA was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The dispersed domains in the ternary blends displayed a “salami”-like phase structure, in which the EMAA-Zn phase evolved from occluded subinclusions into continuous phase with decrease in the EBA-GMA/EMAA-Zn ratio. An optimum range of particle sizes of the dispersed domains for high impact toughness was identified. Also, the micromechanical deformation process of these ternary blends was also investigated by observation of the impact-fra...
Statistical comparison of a hybrid approach with approximate and exact inference models for Fusion 2

One of the greatest challenges in modern combat is maintaining a high level of timely Situational Awareness (SA). In many situations, computational complexity and accuracy considerations make the development and deployment of real-time, high-level inference tools very difficult. An innovative hybrid framework that combines Bayesian inference, in the form of Bayesian Networks, and Possibility Theory, in the form of Fuzzy Logic systems, has recently been introduced to provide a rigorous framework for high-level inference. In previous research, the theoretical basis and benefits of the hybrid approach have been developed. However, lacking is a concrete experimental comparison of the hybrid framework with traditional fusion methods, to demonstrate and quantify this benefit. The goal of this research, therefore, is to provide a statistical analysis on the comparison of the accuracy and performance of hybrid network theory, with pure Bayesian and Fuzzy systems and an inexact Bayesian system approximated using Particle Filtering. To accomplish this task, domain specific models will be developed under these different theoretical approaches and then evaluated, via Monte Carlo Simulation, in comparison to situational ground truth to measure accuracy and fidelity. Following this, a rigorous statistical analysis of the performance results will be performed, to quantify the benefit of hybrid inference to other fusion tools.
Conditional replenishment using motion prediction

Conditional replenishment is an interframe video compression method that uses correlation in time to reduce video transmission rates. This method works by detecting and sending only the changing portions of the image and by having the receiver use the video data from the previous frame for the non-changing portion. The amount of compression that can be achieved through this technique depends to a large extent on the rate of change within the image, and can vary from 10 to 1 to less than 2 to 1. An additional 3 to 1 reduction in rate is obtained by the intraframe coding of data blocks using a 2-dimensional variable rate Hadamard transform coder. A further additional 2 to 1 rate reduction is achieved by using motion prediction. Motion prediction works by measuring the relative displacements of a subpicture from one frame to the next. The subpicture can then be transmitted by sending only the value of the 2-dimensional displacement. Computer simulations have demonstrated that data rates of 2 to 4 Mega-bits/second can be achieved while still retaining good fidelity in the image.
IV glycine and oral D-cycloserine effects on plasma and CSF amino acids in healthy humans.

Abstract Background: The amino acid glycine, modulates neurotransmission via actions at GLY-A receptor and GLY-B receptor. The latter are coagonist sites associated with N-Methyl- d -Aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. The central bioavailability of peripherally administered glycine has not been adequately characterized in humans. Methods: Healthy human subjects were administered either oral d -cycloserine (50 mg or placebo) and intravenous glycine (saline, 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) in random order over 4 test days under double-blind conditions. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected by lumbar puncture performed on the first test day was analyzed to determine amino acid levels. The acoustic startle response was measured on the second test day. Results: Intravenous glycine dose-dependently increased both serum and CSF glycine and serine levels. Neither glycine nor DCS produced any significant effects on behavior, cognition or the acoustic startle response. Neither IV glycine nor DCS were associated with any toxicity. Conclusions: Thus, peripheral glycine administration raised CSF glycine levels without producing any clear central nervous system effects. Glycine and d -cycloserine did not worsen cognitive test performance and did not induce behavioral symptoms on their own. The possibility that glycine and d -cycloserine enhanced cognitive test performance cannot be excluded given the psychometric limitations of the test battery.
Scalable and modular high-performance optical interconnects with distributed control plane

We will discuss architectures, technologies, and benchmarking of massively parallel interconnections made possible by AWGR based switches with distributed control plane. Successful testbed experiments and silicon photonic chip implementations will also be discussed.
Absence of MHC class II antigen expression in trophoblast cells results from a lack of class II transactivator (CIITA) gene expression.

Although the mechanism(s) underlying the failure of the maternal immune system to reject the semiallogeneic fetus have not been clearly defined, the absence of MHC class II antigen expression by fetal trophoblast cells very likely plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. However, the regulation of class II antigen expression in trophoblast cells is poorly understood. Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a transacting factor that is required for both constitutive and IFN-γ-inducible class II gene transcription. In this report we demonstrate that the inability of trophoblast cells to express class II antigens is due to a lack of CIITA gene expression. Trophoblast cell lines derived from human, mouse, and rat do not express CIITA, and expression is not inducible by IFN-γ. The absence of CIITA gene expression in trophoblasts treated with IFN-γ does not result from a defect in the IFN-γ receptor or the JAK/STAT pathway, because the classical IFN-γ-inducible gene encoding the guanylate-binding protein is expressed. Transfection of CIITA expression vectors into trophoblast cells results in activation of class II promoters, endogenous class II mRNA expression, and subsequent expression of class II antigens on the cell surface. In contrast, class I mRNA is not expressed in human trophoblast cells transfected with CIITA expression vectors. Thus, trophoblast cells contain all of the DNA binding factors necessary for class II transcription, and ectopic expression of CIITA is sufficient to activate class II, but not class I expression. The failure of trophoblast cells to express CIITA, and therefore class II antigens, provides a potential mechanism by which the fetus is protected from the maternal immune system during pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:1–12, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Conceptual Model for the Study of the Communication of Authority in a Bureaucratic Education System

A bureaucratically structured education system employs formal communication to a high degree, since incumbents of the various hierarchical authority levels authorize actions to be undertaken by their subordinates. The process of authorization is here subjected to an analysis in terms of message structure and communication flow. A comparison of the ways in which authorizations are communicated at the various levels of the bureaucratic system leads to a number of hypotheses. It was hypothesized (1) that the mode of communication used by the superordinate Department of Education to authorize the actions of intermediate headteachers will be used in turn by these intermediates to authorize the actions of their subordinate teachers, (2) the prevailing mode of communication employed by the superordinate Education Department to authorize the actions of intermediate headtcachers will be used by intermediates to authorize the actions of their subordinates teachers even in specific cases where exceptions to the prevailing superordinate communication mode are present, and (3) inconsistency or asymmetry between Phase I and Phase II communication modes is a function of the personality of the intermediate role‐incumbent. These hypotheses were tested in a recent study of the communication of authority by headteachers of Queensland State primary schools. The first two hypotheses were supported; because of lack of data the last hypothesis could not be tested.
Behavioral Modeling for Suspicious Process Detection in Cloud Computing Environments

One of the defining features of cloud computing, multi-tenancy provides significant benefits to both clients and service providers by supporting elastic on-demand resource provisioning and efficient resource allocation. However, this architecture also introduces additional security implications. Client virtual machine (VM) instances running on the same physical machine are susceptible to side-channel and escape-to-hypervisor attacks. Timely detection/mitigation of intrusive behaviors of malicious processes using signature based intrusion detection technologies or system call level anomaly analysis due to high false alarm rate presents a challenging task. In this work, a behavioral modeling scheme is proposed to detect suspicious processes on the highest semantic level. Our preliminary results have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of this novel approach.
Strain energy release rate distributions for double cantilever beam specimens

A 24-ply composite double cantilever-beam specimen under mode I (opening) loading has been analyzed by a 3D FEM code that calculated along a straight delamination starter for several different specimen materials. An isotropic specimen was found to have a strain-energy release rate distribution which varied along its delamination front due to the boundary-layer effect and another effect associated with the anticlastic curvature of the bent specimen arms. A 0-deg graphite-reinforced epoxy specimen had a nearly-uniform strain-energy release rate distribution which dropped only near the edge, due to the boundary-layer effect, and a +/- 45-deg graphite/epoxy specimen exhibited a pronounced strain-energy release rate variation across the specimen width.
Experimental natural convection heat transfer from isothermal spherical zones

Etude experimentale du transfert de chaleur par convection naturelle a partir de zones spheriques de cuivre poli de 60, 90 et 120° en position verticale. Comparaison avec des resultats experimentaux publies. Etablissement d'une correlation
'Islamist' Intellectual Space: 'True Islam' and the Ummah in the East

This paper re-visits the narratives of select 'Islamists' from South and Southeast Asia to explore what their narratives offer for a discussion on Islamist intellectual space. Departing from resilient biases in scholarship that de-privilege expressions of the 'Ummah in the East', I focus on a realm of Islamist self-understandings that reveal a consciousness of being important interlocutors of Islam. These Islamists blatantly exercised their intellectual authority through deriding a larger Ummah that had become divorced from a 'true Islam' that they were aware of. is paper highlights facets of Islamist contact that occurred between these regions through Islamist Third Worldist discourses. I also emphasize South and Southeast Asian Islamist reconstructions of Islam into a system and/or polity through returning to, and reconstructing 'orthodox' texts, Prophethood and earlier Islamic periods. is study bears implications for the study of regions often reduced to 'peripheries' in discourse.
Improved field emitter arrays with high-aspect-ratio current limiters and self-aligned gates

We report an updated device structure and fabrication process for the creation of silicon field emitter arrays with integrated silicon vertical current limiters for applications that require high performance cold cathode electron sources. The improved device includes thicker dielectric films to prevent dielectric breakdown and leakage current from the gate electrode to the substrate, and metalized probe pads to reduce electron interception by the gate electrode.
Taming fission's bastard

The International Atomic Energy Agency and World Nuclear Order. By Lawrence Scheinman. Resources for the Future, 1616 P St, NW, Washington, DC 20036: 1987. Pp.320. Pbk $16.95 ($19.95 by post).
Diffusion of cobalt ion in single crystals of silver bromide

Abstract The diffusion coefficients of divalent cobalt ion have been measured in single crystals of highpurity silver bromide in the temperature range 243–408°C, using the tracer-sectioning method. Their values ranged from about 2 × 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 to 2 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 . The diffusion Arrhenius plot is found to be comprised of two linear segments with activation energies of 1.15 eV and 1.39eV for the regions below and above 338°C, respectively. The data are interpreted in terms of diffusion by means of impurity-vacancy complexes. The diffusion coefficient of the complex as a function of temperature was determined from the measured tracer diffusivity and the degree of impurity-vacancy association. These data, with the exception of three points at the highest temperatures, followed an Arrhenius relation from which the enthalpy and entropy for the jump of Co 2+ into a nearest-neighbor cation vacancy were deduced to be 0.74 eV and 3.9 k B , respectively. An alternative analysis, though naive, in which the tracer diffusivity was normalized by the cation vacancy concentration surprisingly removed the curvature from the diffusion Arrhenius plot. In contrast to the case for AgCl, the results of the present study and some others reported in the literature show no systematic variation in the migration energy with the electronic structure of the solute ion.
Finding a Place for CCSS Literacy Skills in the Middle School Social Studies Curriculum

AbstractWith the increased emphasis on college and career readiness resulting from the adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), the need for students to be able to read and write proficiently has become well established. Social studies teachers are now expected to teach nonfiction reading and writing skills in their content-area courses. Many middle school teachers do not have a background in teaching literacy and are reluctant to incorporate literacy strategies into their curriculum because they feel ill prepared or inadequate to the task. They may also feel that their content instruction will suffer because of the time and instructional demands imposed on them by adding literacy to an already long list of learning objectives. The purpose of this article is to provide specifics on how middle school social studies teachers can incorporate content-area literacy skills without abandoning the curriculum and content of their classes.
Achondrogenesis: case report and review of the literature.

A newborn infant is described who had achondrogenesis, a lethal form of congenital chondrodystrophy characterized by extreme micromelia and a marked discrepancy between head and trunk size. Typical radiographic findings, including delayed or absent ossification of vertebral bodies, sacral and pubic bones, and characteristically shaped ilia, differentiate this condition from other lethal types of short-limbed dwarfism such as thanatophoric dwarfism and homozygous achondroplasia with which it has been previously confused.
Cure monitoring of an epoxy-amine system by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA)

Abstract A method has been devised to study the cure of epoxy resins using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) in combination with differential scanning calorimetry. Special glass fiber braids (25 × 13 × 0.15 mm) were impregnated with the liquid epoxy/amine (DGEBA/m-PDA) mixture at room temperature and subjected to forced oscillations at elevated cure temperatures. The modulus and the tan δ underwent transitions typical of gelation and vitrification. The times to gelation and vitrification were used to generate the well known time-temperature-transformation diagram proposed by J. Gillham on the basis of torsional braid analysis data. DMTA also provides information about the rate of modulus increase during cure, which was compared with theoretical calculations of the rise in crosslink density.
Schottky Contact RF MEMS Switch Characterization

This paper presents measured results for a novel Schottky barrier contact-based RF MEMS switch, specifically S-parameter and IP2 linearity measurements. The Schottky barrier contact allows one to operate the RF MEMS switch in a traditional capacitive mode when it is reverse biased, but can also conduct current in a forward biased state to discharge trapped charges. This configuration improves reliability, but increases insertion loss. This work intimately combines MEMS processing with solid-state electronics to produce a truly unique RF device. To the author's knowledge, nothing similar to this work has ever been reported.
Congenital type 1 long QT syndrome unmasked by a highly caffeinated energy drink

c s e Introduction Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an uncommon genetic disease that affects approximately 1 in 2500 people and can present with syncope, cardiogenic seizures, and/or sudden cardiac death. This cardiac channelopathy stems from delayed cardiac repolarization that is characterized by a prolonged QT interval on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The patient’s LQTS substrate can deteriorate into its trademark arrhythmia of torsades de pointes. Presently, there are 13 LQTS susceptibility genes although long QT type 1 (LQT1), type 2, and type 3 predominate and host the now well-established genotype–phenotype relationships. LQT1 is secondary to loss-of-function mutations in the KCNQ1-encoded Kv7.1 channel and accounts for about one-third of all LQTS. LQT1 also hosts a significant minority of patients (30%–40%) with normal corrected QT interval (QTc), a condition known as “concealed LQTS.” Patients with LQT1 are more likely to have exercise-triggered cardiac events than other LQTS genotypes. Not surprisingly therefore, provocative testing, including epinephrine and treadmill stress testing, can unmask the patient with concealed LQT1. Low-dose epinephrine
Generating Grounded Theory: Two Case Studies

An inductive research method known as grounded theory is described as a means of building conceptual bridges between real-life situations and formal theory. The procedures are detailed and illustrated via two case studies. The first is a study of the social-psychological problem of cutting losses among heart patients through three stages of recovery. The process of extending the theory generated with the heart patients to other invisible physical impairments and across both visible and invisible chronic conditions is outlined. The second case study offers an example of a structurally-oriented theory, developed from participant observations of the processes of managing patients, staff, and neighbors for an “antipsychiatric” treatment facility for juvenile schizophrenics.
Effects of Soil Temperature during Fire on Seed Survival in Florida Sand Pine Scrub

Soil temperatures recorded with thermocouples and temperature-sensitive paints were quantified during Florida sand pine scrub prescribed fires at Ocala National Forest and Archbold Biological Station in May 1993. Thermocouples and glass petri dishes painted with temperature-sensitive paints and containing seeds of Eriogonum floridanum were placed at 0 cm and 2 cm depth, and in vegetated and open microsites. Maximum temperatures were higher and peak temperature durations shorter at 0 cm than at 2 cm depth. Temperatures did not differ between microsites during the Ocala fire, but were higher in open microsites during the Archbold fire, probably due to combustion of well-aerated litter. Maximum temperatures of petri dishes were lower than those of adjacent thermocouples due to time required to melt paints. All Eriogonum seeds recovered from petri dishes after the Archbold fire failed to germinate. Germination was quantified for Eriogonum floridanum and Garberia heterophylla seeds heated to 1 0 0 ∘ C and 6 0 ∘ C under laboratory conditions. Seeds failed to germinate at 1 0 0 ∘ C, while germination was similar to controls for seeds exposed to 6 0 ∘ C. Results from this study suggest that small-scale spatial variation temperatures at the soil surface during fires is essential for seed survival and subsequent post-fire recruitment.
Quantitative1H MRI and MRS Microscopy of Individual V79 Lung Tumor Spheroids

Abstract In this Communication 1 H MRI and MRS microscopy experiments of individual V79 lung tumor spheroids with diameters between 550 and 650 μm are reported. The results have been used to determine the T 1 , T 2 , and D values as well as the concentrations of water, total choline, creatine/phosphocreatine, and mobile lipids in the viable rims and in the necrotic centers.
Ligand Steric Descriptors

Abstract Descriptors for the steric size of transition metal-bound ligands suffer from coarse approximations and complicated correction schemes. Common methods such as the Tolman cone angle and solid angle set a universal value for each ligand regardless of the effect of steric environment on ligand geometry. We have developed two approaches to quantify sterics that improve upon the previous descriptors: the exact cone angle (θ°) and the exact solid angle (Θ°). The exact cone angle encapsulates a ligand inside of the smallest possible right circular cone without making any approximations concerning metal–ligand bond length or ligand geometry. The exact solid angle quantifies the area screened by a ligand on the surface of a surrounding sphere centred at the metal atom. While the cone angle only describes a single ligand, the solid angle accounts for the sterics of an entire complex. Herein, the mathematics behind each is described and numerous examples are given. An intriguing case models the change in sterics of first- and second-generation Grubbs’ catalysts over the course of a ligand dissociation reaction.
Expression of drug resistance-associated mdr-1 GST π, and topoisomerase II genes during cell cycle traverse

The expression of drug resistance-associated mdr-1, GST pi, and topoisomerase II genes was analyzed in cell cycle phase enriched populations of doxorubicin-resistant murine leukemic P388/R-84 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and staining with anti-BrdU antibodies was used to confirm the purity of cell cycle phase enriched populations obtained by centrifugal elutriation. Doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation was significantly lower in S-phase cells, and coincubation with verapamil (VPL) or chlorpromazine (CPZ) enhanced DOX and DNR accumulation more in S-phase than in G1- and G2/M-phase cells. While the cellular content of mdr-1 and topoisomerase II mRNAs changed, GST pi mRNA content remained constant during the cell cycle. S-phase cells had about 3-fold higher mdr-1 mRNA content than G1- and G2/M-phase cells. In G1 cells, P-glycoprotein expression, as determined by C219 monoclonal antibody, was 12% less than that of S and G2/M cells. Topoisomerase II mRNA content increased with the progression of cell cycle and peaked in G2/M cells. These observations suggest that cell cycle stage related changes in expression of drug resistance markers may have a major bearing on chemosensitivity of drug-resistant cells.
A Study of the Shrinkage of Plain Knitted Cotton Fabric, Based on the Structural Changes of the Loop Geometry Due to Yarn Swelling and Deswelling

The structural change of the jersey loop upon yarn swelling is related to the amount of expected laundering shrinkage in cotton jersey fabric by introducing a three-dimen sional loop model. The lengthwise shrinking is explained by the geometry of loop migration and curvature changes upon wetting and drying of the fabric. Also, width wise shrinking is explained by the relationship between wale spacing and yarn diameter. The proposed jersey model explains shrinkage phenomena and also provides a means of estimating stitch length of jersey fabric on the basis of courses per inch, wales per inch, and yarn diameter.
Effect of Denervation and Reinnervation on Oxidation of [6‐14C]Gucose by Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates

The effects of denervation and reinnervation of the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle on the oxidation of 6-(C-14) glucose to (C-14)O2 is investigated. Results show that the rate of (C-14)O2 production decreased dramatically following denervation and the decrease became significant 20 days after nerve section. The changes which occurred prior to day 20 apparently reflected the decline of muscle mass. The decreased (C-14)O2 production was found to be due to reduced capacity of the enzymatic system, while there was no change in the apparent affinity for glucose. Results of mixing experiments showed that the loss of oxidative capacity following denervation is not caused by the production of soluble inhibitors by degenerating muscle. Measurements of the (C-14)O2 revealed that oxidative metabolism recovered during reinnervation. The specific activity in reinnervated muscles displayed an 'overshoot' of approximately 50 percent, which returned to control levels by day 60. The time-course of the denervation-mediated change indicates that altered oxidative capacity is secondary to events that initiate dennervation changes in muscle, although diminished oxidative capacity may be of considerable metabolic significance in denervated muscle.