cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research and thinking of friendly smart home energy system based on smart power

First this paper summarily discusses smart power and its development process in China. After that the paper, based on the background of smart grid and combining with China's reality, designs the friendly smart home energy system which is composed of smart meter, smart socket/switch, grid friendly appliance controller, smart interactive terminal and other smart devices. Then it respectively elaborates and analyses their main functions, and gives their design block diagrams. The next, we look into the future of home energy system. We also introduce the ZigBee communication technology and its smart energy profile, and give a few typical transactions based on the ZigBee Smart Energy profile. Finally, the article thinks the possible problems of the friendly smart home energy system, and points out that the home energy system has huge development potential and very broad application prospect.
Intent-leveraged optimization of analog circuits via homotopy

This paper proposes a circuit optimization approach that can ease the computational burden on the simulation-based circuit optimizers by leveraging simple design equations that reflect the designer's intent. The technique is inspired by continuation methods (a.k.a. homotopy) in numerical analysis where a hard problem is solved by constructing an easier problem first and gradually refining its solution to that of the hard problem. In a circuit optimization context, the designer's simplified equations for the circuit serve as the easier problem. These simplified design equations are easy to write as they need not be completely accurate and have intuitive, well-understood solutions. Nonetheless, in several circuit examples, it was found that the designer's equations serve as better guidance than the conventional, fixed-point equations. As a result, the proposed approach demonstrates the better convergence to the desired solution with less computational efforts.
Non-Boserupian Ecology and Agricultural Risk: Ethnic Politics and Land Control in the Arid Southwest

Numerous cases of increasing population without fallow shortening or intensification without population pressure have been cited as disproof of the Boserup model of agricultural change. In this paper we argue that the model is an efficient explanation for agricultural change but only when certain agroecological conditions are met: higher marginal input costs must be both necessary and sufficient to raise production. Elsewhere, conditions are non-Boserupian, and other kinds of responses should be expected. Wupatki, a prehistoric agricultural frontier, is a case in point. Boserupian intensification was mostly impossible here, and with population influx, fanners turned instead to sociopolitical means of protecting the land base for extensive agriculture. A contemporary example from Nigeria illustrates territorial control by groups consolidated along ethnic lines. The strategy of relying on increasing numbers and monumental construction to back up territorial claims had unintended long-term consequences that led to abandonment of Wupatki. [agricultural change, political ecology, settlement patterns, prehistoric Southwest, West Africa]
Application of model predictive control to robust management of multiechelon demand networks in semiconductor manufacturing

Model predictive control (MPC) is presented as a robust, flexible decision framework for dynamically managing inventories and satisfying customer demand in demand networks. In this paper, a formulation and the benefits of an MPC-based, control-oriented tactical inventory management system meaningful to the semiconductor industry are presented via two significant examples. The translation of available information in the supply chain problem into MPC variables is demonstrated with a single-product, two-node supply chain example. Simulations demonstrating the ability of a properly tuned MPC control system to maintain performance and robustness despite plant-model mismatch are shown. Insights gained from these simulations are used to formulate a partially decentralized MPC implementation for a six-node, two-product, three-echelon demand network problem developed by Intel Corporation. These simulations show that the demand network is well managed under conditions that involve simultaneous demand forecast inacc...
Comparison between a non-hydrostatic numerical model and analytic theory for the two-layer exchange flows

Recently, Armi and Riemenschneider (2008) improved the two-layer hydraulic theory and applied it to the co-located sill and contraction. The main goal in this study is to compare the new theory with a non-hydrostatic numerical model. To this end, the numerical model is employed for two different geometries. The first geometry is steep topography with co-located contraction and the second geometry is a much gentler slope so that the non-hydrostatic forces are reduced. It is found that the model captures the two control points, a topographic control at the crest and a virtual control on the dense reservoir side described by the theory. The flow is subcritical in between these control points. There is agreement between the modeled and analytical interface heights in the gentler topography.
t-TDA-diagnosable systems

A testable diagnosis array (TDA) is proposed for carrying out system-level fault diagnosis (based on the PMC model) centrally and in a non-hard-core manner. This diagnostics device is constructed with simple reliable logic cells. A characterization of t-TDA-diagnosable systems, based on an algebraic relationship between the testing graph T/sub n/ of a system of n component and its corresponding TDA, is given. It is shown that the TDA performs the diagnosis correctly and reaches its stable state in a number of clock periods related to the t-diagnostic diameter of T. A special class of t-TDA-diagnosable systems is defined, and an example from that class is used to illustrate the diagnosability of a system using a TDA. >
A simple and rapid Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) titration assay based on antibiotic resistance of infected cells: evaluation of the HAV neutralization potency of human immune globulin preparations

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans, is an atypical Picornaviridae that grows poorly in cell culture. HAV titrations are laborious and time-consuming because the virus in general does not cause cytopathic effect and is detected by immunochemical or molecular probes. Simple HAV titration assays could be developed using currently available viral construct containing selectable markers. We developed an antibiotic resistance titration assay (ARTA) based on the infection of human hepatoma cells with a wild type HAV construct containing a blasticidin (Bsd) resistance gene. Human hepatoma cells infected with the HAV-Bsd construct survived selection with 2 μg/ml of blasticidin whereas uninfected cells died within a few days. At 8 days postinfection, the color of the pH indicator phenol red in cell culture media correlated with the presence of HAV-Bsd-infected blasticidin-resistant cells: an orange-to-yellow color indicated the presence of growing cells whereas a pink-to-purple color indicated that the cells were dead. HAV-Bsd titers were determined by an endpoint dilution assay based on the color of the cell culture medium scoring orange-to-yellow wells as positive and pink-to-purple wells as negative for HAV. As a proof-of-concept, we used the ARTA to evaluate the HAV neutralization potency of two commercially available human immune globulin (IG) preparations and a WHO International Standard for anti-HAV. The three IG preparations contained comparable levels of anti-HAV antibodies that neutralized approximately 1.5 log of HAV-Bsd. Similar neutralization results were obtained in the absence of blasticidin by an endpoint dilution ELISA at 2 weeks postinfection. The ARTA is a simple and rapid method to determine HAV titers without using HAV-specific probes. We determined the HAV neutralization potency of human IG preparations in 8 days by ARTA compared to the 14 days required by the endpoint dilution ELISA. The ARTA reduced the labour, time, and cost of HAV titrations making it suitable for high throughput screening of sera and antivirals, determination of anti-HAV antibodies in human immune globulin preparations, and research applications that involve the routine evaluation of HAV titers.
Pack-MULEs : theft on a massive scale

It has been known for some time that plant transposons can capture and mobilize cellular genes. Recent work by Jiang and coworkers(1) has revealed that this process has happened on a massive scale. They found that portions of more than 1000 genes in rice have been captured and mobilized by members of the MULE family of transposons. In rice, and perhaps other plants as well, it appears that thousands of genes and portions of genes have been duplicated, transposed and rearranged. These results have fascinating implications for our understanding of the mode and tempo of gene evolution in plants. BioEssays 27:353–355, 2005. © 2005 Wiley periodicals, Inc.
The DINA model as a constrained general diagnostic model: Two variants of a model equivalency.

The ‘deterministic-input noisy-AND’ (DINA) model is one of the more frequently applied diagnostic classification models for binary observed responses and binary latent variables. The purpose of this paper is to show that the model is equivalent to a special case of a more general compensatory family of diagnostic models. Two equivalencies are presented. Both project the original DINA skill space and design Q-matrix using mappings into a transformed skill space as well as a transformed Q-matrix space. Both variants of the equivalency produce a compensatory model that is mathematically equivalent to the (conjunctive) DINA model. This equivalency holds for all DINA models with any type of Q-matrix, not only for trivial (simple-structure) cases. The two versions of the equivalency presented in this paper are not implied by the recently suggested log-linear cognitive diagnosis model or the generalized DINA approach. The equivalencies presented here exist independent of these recently derived models since they solely require a linear – compensatory – general diagnostic model without any skill interaction terms. Whenever it can be shown that one model can be viewed as a special case of another more general one, conclusions derived from any particular model-based estimates are drawn into question. It is widely known that multidimensional models can often be specified in multiple ways while the model-based probabilities of observed variables stay the same. This paper goes beyond this type of equivalency by showing that a conjunctive diagnostic classification model can be expressed as a constrained special case of a general compensatory diagnostic modelling framework.
The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal

The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal. Samba Diop. Lewiston, Canada; Edwin Mellen Press, 1995. 389 pp.
How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. I: Medical

We analysed the results of 221 comparisons of an innovation with a standard treatment in surgery published in six leading surgery journals in 1983 to relate features of study design to the magnitude of gain. For each comparison we measured the gain attributed to the innovation over the standard therapy by the Mann—Whitney statistic and the difference in proportion of treatment successes. For primary treatments (aimed at curing or ameliorating a patient's principal disease), an average gain of 0.56 was produced by 20 randomized controlled trials. This was less than the 0.62 average for four non-randomized controlled trials, 0.63 for 19 externally controlled trials, and 0.57 for 73 record reviews (0.50 represents a toss-up between innovation and standard). For secondary therapies (used to prevent or treat complications of therapy), the average gain was 0.53 for 61 randomized controlled trials, 0.58 for eleven non-randomized controlled trials, 0.54 for eight externally controlled trials, and 0.55 for 18 record reviews. Readers of studies evaluating new treatments, particularly for primary treatments, may consider adjustment of the gain according to the study type.
Permissive and Provocative Factors in FAS

The relatively low rate of occurrence of FAS among heavy drinkers means alcohol is a necessary, but not sufficient, cause of FAS. The fact that individuals differ in their responses to alcohol implies that they have inherent physiological susceptibilities to its effects. Unlike the simple concept of response which carries with it the expectation of a single causal agent, acknowledging that alcohol is not a sufficient cause for FAS implies that the concept of responsiveness—in the sense of a differential level of susceptibility and biological defense (Hart & Frame, 1996)—is much more apt.
Mosquito noise in MPEG-compressed video: test patterns and metrics

Mosquito noise is a time dependent video compression impairment in which the high frequency spatial detail in video images having crisp edges is aliased intermittently. A new synthetic test pattern of moving spirals or circles is described which generates mosquito noise (MN) under Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) compression. The spiral pattern is one of several NIST-developed patterns designed to stress specific features of compression based on motion estimation and quantization. The 'Spirals' pattern has several spirals or circles superimposed on a uniform background. The frames are filtered to avoid interline flicker which may be confounded with MN. Motion of the spirals and changing luminance of the background can be included to reduce the correlation between successive frames. Unexpectedly, even a static pattern of spirals can induce mosquito noise due to the stochastic character of the encoder. We consider metrics which are specific to the impairment being measured. For mosquito noise, we examine two separable detectors: each consists of a temporal (frame-to-frame) computation applied to the output of a spatial impairment detector which is applied to each frame. The two spatial detectors are: FLATS, which detects level 8 X 8 pixel image blocks; and the root-mean-square (RMS) applied to the image differences between original and compressed frames. The test patterns are encoded at low bit rates. We examine the measured mosquito noise as a function of the Group-of-Pictures (GOP) pattern in the MPEG-2 encoding and find that the GOP structure defines the periodicities of the MN.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Structured Stakeholder Self-Identification Approach for the Deployment of Public Information Systems: The Case of Surveillance Technology in the City of Pittsburgh

The deployment of information technology (IT) in the public sector is particularly difficult due to the large number of stakeholders and the challenges in identifying them. This is particularly true in the case of innovative IT technologies. To date, normative methods of stakeholder identification have not been developed. To solve this impasse, an approach to the identification of stakeholders in the deployment of public information systems – called the structured stakeholder self-identification process – is proposed here. This approach, based on the theory and practice of public participation and stakeholder identification theory, is discussed and illustrated with a case study: the deployment of surveillance technology in the city of Pittsburgh.
A Framework for Information Law and Policy

The information age calls for new legal and policy approaches to the ways in which we deal with information. Previous moves in this area have tended to center around developing a 'cyberlaw' or 'Internet law'. This has involved largely piecemeal attempts to gather together miscellaneous legal issues that happen to relate to digital communications technologies. No clear discernible normative framework has yet emerged. Rather than focusing on these new technologies, any new legal and policy framework for the information age should be organized around the idea of 'information' per se, with its focus on society's interactions with various kinds of information. Such a development would require the identification and development of normative principles that will shape the development of relevant laws and policies. This article suggests that an appropriate set of normative principles might be derived from identifying a set of 'control' and 'access' rights in relation to information. These rights could be utilized as 'organizing tools' for the development of a legal and policy framework that would help inform the development of a harmonized and cohesive set of 'information law and policy principles' for the global information age. The following discussion demonstrates how this might be achieved in theory and practice, and presents case studies to illustrate how such a law and policy framework might prove useful in informing future debate in the 'information law' area.
Laws and Regulations on Problem Loans in Japan

Japan's banking policy administration, accused of failing to take effective measures against the deterioration of its banking system, is weathering heavy criticism. The rules of the Commercial Code regarding bad loans specified that if there were concerns about the ability to collect the money claims recorded in the liquid asset category, then they should be recorded in such a manner as to deduct the estimated uncollectible amount (bad loan reserve) for each item related to each money claim, or that the account should show only the balance after deducting the estimated uncollectible amount and the estimated uncollectible amount should be displayed as a footnote. According to the judgment, the fair accounting practice that should have been used by LTCB was to have been found in On the Fund Assessment in a Financial Inspection after the Early Correction System is Implemented (Asset Investigation Notice) issued by the Minister of Finance. Many cases in the U.S. turn on the claim that the misuse of accounting for loan loss reserves are material misstatements and that statements characterizing a loan loss reserve as soundly underwritten are actionable. As yet, there is no clear-cut accounting standard for such a thing in Japan.
The Twin Hypotheses

The Brain Code (BC) relies on several essential concepts that are found across a range of physiological and behavioral functions. The Fundamental Code Unit (FCU) assumes an abstract code unit to allow for a higher order of abstractions that informs information exchanges at the cellular and genetic levels, together the two hypotheses provide a foundation for a system level understanding and potentially cyphering of the Brain Code [1–3]. This paper discusses an organizing principle for an abstract framework tested in a limited scope experimental approach as a means to show an empirical example of cognitive measurement as well as a framework for a Cortical Computation methodology. Four important concepts of the BC and FCU are discussed. First, the principle of activation based on Guyton thresholds. This is seen in the well-known and widely documented action potential threshold in neurons, where once a certain threshold is reached, the neuron will fire, reflecting the transmission of information. The concept of thresholds is also valid in Weber minimum detectable difference in our sensing, which applies to our hearing, seeing and touching. Not only the intensity, but also the temporal pattern is affected by this [4]. This brings insight to the second important component, which is duration. The combination of both threshold crossing and duration may define the selection mechanisms, depending on both external and intrinsic factors. However, ranges exist within which tuning can take place. Within reason it can be stated that no functional implication will occur beyond this range. Transfer of information and processing itself relies on energy and can be described in waveforms, which is the third concept. The human sensing system acts as transducer between the different forms of energy, the fourth principle. The aim of the brain code approach is to incorporate these four principles in an explanatory, descriptive and predictive model. The model will take into account fundamental physiological knowledge and aims to reject assumptions that are not yet fully established. In order to fill in the gaps with regards to the missing information, modules consisting of the previous described four principles are explored. This abstraction should provide a reasonable placeholder, as it is based on governing principles in nature. The model is testable and allows for updating as more data becomes available. It aims to replace methods that rely on structural levels to abstraction of functions, or approaches that are evidence-based, but across many noisy-elements and assumptions that outcomes might not reflect behavior at the organism level.
Gain and Energetics in Information Processing

Information theory has offered a ripe foundation for developments in human performance during the 1950’s and 60’s. More recently, information theory, and the closely allied metaphor of the digital computer have provided a large number of successful models of human information processing, memory, and cognition (eg Card, Moran & Newell, 1983; Schweikert, 1980; Sternberg, 1982). This success has not been hampered by the fact that the basic unit of both information theory, and the digital computer is the bit, a binary quantity that itself has no analog range of values. It is either there in full force or it is not. While it is true that some aspects of the nervous system — the all or none action potential for example — operate in this binary fashion, other aspects behave in a continuous, analog fashion. Examples at the neuronal level are the graded dendritic potential preceding the all-or-non axon impulse, or the continuously varying levels of concentration of neural transmitters at the synapse. At more molar levels of analysis, continuity exists in the availability and distribution of hormones, and it approximated by the collective action of large populations of neurons, as measured by scalp recorded event-related brain potentials (ERP’s)
Sensitivity analysis of simulated SOA loadings using a variance-based statistical approach

We investigate the sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loadings simulated by a regional chemical transport model to seven selected model parameters using a modified volatility basis-set (VBS) approach: four involving emissions of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds, anthropogenic semivolatile and intermediate volatility organics (SIVOCs), and NOx; two involving dry deposition of SOA precursor gases, and one involving particle-phase transformation of SOA to low volatility. We adopt a quasi-Monte Carlo sampling approach to effectively sample the high-dimensional parameter space, and perform a 250 member ensemble of simulations using a regional model, accounting for some of the latest advances in SOA treatments based on our recent work. We then conduct a variance-based sensitivity analysis using the generalized linear model method to study the responses of simulated SOA loadings to the model parameters. Analysis of SOA variance from all 250 simulations shows that the volatility transformation parameter, which controls whether or not SOA that starts as semivolatile is rapidly transformed to nonvolatile SOA by particle-phase processes such as oligomerization and/or accretion, is the dominant contributor to variance of simulated surface-level daytime SOA (65% domain average contribution). We also split the simulations into two subsets of 125 each, depending on whether the volatility transformation is turned on/off. For each subset, the SOA variances are dominated by the parameters involving biogenic VOC and anthropogenic SIVOC emissions. Furthermore, biogenic VOC emissions have a larger contribution to SOA variance when the SOA transformation to nonvolatile is on, while anthropogenic SIVOC emissions have a larger contribution when the transformation is off. NOx contributes less than 4.3% to SOA variance, and this low contribution is mainly attributed to dominance of intermediate to high NOx conditions throughout the simulated domain. However, we note that SOA yields have a more complex nonlinear dependence on NOx levels, which needs to be addressed by more integrated model-measurement approaches focused on gaining a better process-level understanding of anthropogenic-biogenic interactions. The two parameters related to dry deposition of SOA precursor gases also have very low contributions to SOA variance. This study highlights the large sensitivity of SOA loadings to the particle-phase processes such as oligomerization that rapidly cause large decrease in the volatility of SOA, which is neglected in most previous models.
Coenzyme Q10 and succinate-tetrazolium reductase activity of proliferative lesions of liver.

ConclusionQuantitative histochemical studies of sections of normal liver, regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma have shown that the succinate-INT and alpha-glycerophosphate-INT reductase systems of these tissues are not saturated with respect to quinone. Compared to normal liver, degree of unsaturation is considerably greater in regenerating liver and hepatoma and largely accounts for those low reductase activities which are observed in these 2 tissues. Response of sections of regenerating liver and hepatoma to COQ10 and menadione differs. COQ10 is very effective in hepatoma. In regenerating liver COQ10 is relatively ineffective whereas enhancement of reductase activity brought about by menadione is profound.
Gas-Turbine Loading Schedule for Maximum Life of the Hot Gas Path Components

The paper describes development of a computational procedure for determining the optimal firing temperature schedule during loading of the gas turbine. It is assumed that the temperature has to be increased in a pre-determined time in a way that will minimize thermal fatigue deterioration of the turbine hot gas path elements. The gas temperature is constrained to lie between certain time-dependent limits all through the transient. The maximum plastic strain in a given loading process is taken as a measure of parts deterioration. The calculations performed are for hollow, stationary airfoils of a gas turbine, but the method is easily adaptable to full profiles and rotational airfoils as well as non-turbine applications where temperature is to be altered while thermal shock is to be minimized. A numerical example is given for illustration of the method.Copyright © 1970 by ASME
An Infestation of the Pandora Moth, Coloradia pandora Blake, in Lodgepole Pine in Colorado

An infestation of the pandora moth, Coloradia pandora Blake, in pure stands of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta latifolia Engelm., was discovered during August 1937 in the Arapaho National Forest in north-central Colorado. During 1938 and 1939 limited studies were made in that area on the life history and habits of the moth, as this was the first record of it reaching epidemic proportions in lodgepole pine and nothing was known about its biology in the Rocky Mountain Region.
Abstract A101: Oncogenic Kras maintains pancreatic tumors through regulation of anabolic glucose metabolism.

Tumor maintenance relies on continued activity of driver oncogenes, although their rate-limiting role is highly context-dependent. Oncogenic Kras mutation is the signature event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), serving a critical role in tumor initiation. Here, an inducible KrasG12D-driven PDAC mouse model establishes that advanced PDAC remain strictly dependent on KrasG12D expression. Transcriptome and metabolomic analysis indicate that KrasG12D serves a vital role in controlling tumor metabolism through stimulation of glucose uptake and channeling of glucose intermediates into the hexosamine biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). These studies also reveal that oncogenic Kras promotes ribose biogenesis. Unlike canonical models, we demonstrate that KrasG12D drives glycolysis intermediates into the non-oxidative PPP, thereby decoupling ribose biogenesis from NADP/NADPH-mediated redox control. Together, this work provides in vivo mechanistic insights into how oncogenic Kras promotes metabolic reprogramming in native tumors and illuminates potential metabolic targets that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit in PDAC. Citation Format: Haoqiang Ying, Hailei Zhang, Jonathan L. Coloff, Haiyan Yan, Wei Wang, Shujuan Chen, Andrea Viale, Hongwu Zheng, Ji-hye Paik, Carol Lim, Alexander R. Guimaraes, Alec C. Kimmelman, Eric S. Martin, Jeffery Chang, Aram Hezel, Samuel R. Perry, Jian Hu, Boyi Gan, Yonghong Xiao, John M. Asara, Ralph Weissleder, Y. Alan Wang, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Lynda Chin, Lewis C. Cantley, Ronald A. DePinho, Sujun Hua, Gerald C. Chu, Eliot Fletcher-Sananikone, Jason W. Locasale, Jaekyoung Son. Oncogenic Kras maintains pancreatic tumors through regulation of anabolic glucose metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A101.
Diffraction from Zeolites Containing Planar Faults

Methods suitable for measuring the extent of planar faulting in the framework structures of zeolites are considered. A simple method is outlined for simulating diffracted intensities from crystals containing coherent planar defects. The algorithm employed efficiently exploits the self-similar properties of extended faulting patterns. The simplicity of this recursion method makes it suitable for complex crystal structures such as those of zeolites, and its utility is illustrated by a study of faulting in zeolite beta. Powder diffraction pattern simulations, which are in excellent agreement with observed data, indicate a fault probability in the chiral zeolite beta stacking sequence of α ≈0.56.
Chemical inhibition of cell division of Escherichia coli by diazo compounds and antagonism by tyrosine.

SummaryStudies were made to determine the specificity of the chemical inhibition of division of Escherichia coli and to determine the relationship of division inhibition to important biochemical metabolites. It was found that the cell-division process of E. coli could be specifically inhibited, without an accompanying inhibition of culture growth, by diazouracil and by other diazonium compounds, and it is suggested that the diazo group on the compounds is responsible for the inhibition. The inhibition of division by diazouracil was antagonized by tyrosine, and it was shown that the antagonism can not be attributed to a destruction of the inhibitor by tyrosine. Other amino acids, intermediate in the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycles, and energy-rich phosphorus compounds were incapable of antagonizing diazouracil-inhibited cultures.
Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets for Electrical Vehicle Motors and Wind Turbine Generators: Hexagonal Symmetry Based Materials Systems Mn-Bi and M-type Hexaferrite

The research we conducted focuses on the rare-earth (RE)-free permanent magnet by modeling, simulating, and synthesizing exchange coupled two-phase (hard/soft) RE-free core-shell nano-structured magnet. The RE-free magnets are made of magnetically hard core materials (high anisotropy materials including Mn-Bi-X and M-type hexaferrite) coated by soft shell materials (high magnetization materials including Fe-Co or Co). Therefore, our research helps understand the exchange coupling conditions of the core/shell magnets, interface exchange behavior between core and shell materials, formation mechanism of core/shell structures, stability conditions of core and shell materials, etc.
Progress on the studies of physiological and genetic mechanisms of cold tolerance in rice

Rice will have a series physiological changes in responding to chilling injury.In this paper,we reviewed the recent progress on the studies of physiological mechanisms and genetics of cold tolerance in rice,including the changes of cell membrane structure,the activity of anti-oxidase,the carbon assimilation,the signal transduction,and the identification and quantitative traits loci for cold tolerance in rice.Research direction on cold tolerance of rice in the future was suggested.
Planar Cable Robot with Variable Stiffness

Variable stiffness modules add significant robustness to mechanical systems during forceful interactions with uncertain environments. Traditionally, most existing variable stiffness modules tend to be bulky by virtue of their use of solid components making them less suitable for mobile applications. In recent times, pretensioned cable-based modules have been proposed to reduce weight. While passive, these modules depend on significant internal tension to provide the desired stiffness and their stiffness modulation capability tends to be limited. In this paper, we present a planar 2DOF cable robot formed by three active variable stiffness modules that we developed which decouples tension from stiffness. Controlled changes in structural parameters (independent of cable actuation) now permits independent modulation of the perceived stiffness. By varying each module’s stiffness, the overall Cartesian stiffness of the robot can be modulated. We show that this approach is more effective than by increasing internal tension only. It is also easier than varying configuration to achieve variable stiffness. Further, thanks to the added active stiffness adjustment motor, it is able to independently vary stiffness and internal tension. Therefore such active module can achieve same Cartesian stiffness as passive modules but with much lower internal tension, which is more efficient. We present the analysis of the system and verified via both simulation and experimental results for the effectiveness of the Cartesian stiffness varying capability of the planar cable robot.
On Polynomial Rings with a Goldbach Property

David Hayes observed in 1965 that when R = Z, every element of R[T] of degree n ≥ 1 is a sum of two irreducibles in R[T] of degree n. We show that this result continues to hold for any Noetherian d...
A New Methodology For Business Process Re-Engineering

AbstractThis paper describes a new methodology for Business Process Reengineering. It builds on the experiences of organisations who have reengineered. It also considers existing methodologies, and the experience of the author and some of his colleagues who have played a central role in a major reengineering project within British Telecommunications plc (BT). Though all “reengineering” consultancies undoubtably have methodologies for BPR, this paper reports an academically rigorous methodology which builds on the reported experiences of organisations, and views of leaders in the reengineering field.
Management Controversies in Head and Neck Melanoma: A Systematic Review

ImportanceHead and neck melanoma is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and is currently increasing in prevalence. While there is a tremendous amount of research published on me...
Fast Fourier transform discrete dislocation dynamics

Discrete dislocation dynamics simulations have been generally limited to modeling systems described by isotropic elasticity. Effects of anisotropy on dislocation interactions, which can be quite large, have generally been ignored because of the computational expense involved when including anisotropic elasticity. We present a different formalism of dislocation dynamics in which the dislocations are represented by the deformation tensor, which is a direct measure of the slip in the lattice caused by the dislocations and can be considered as an eigenstrain. The stresses arising from the dislocations are calculated with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, from which the forces are determined and the equations of motion are solved. Use of the FFTs means that the stress field is only available at the grid points, which requires some adjustments/regularizations to be made to the representation of the dislocations and the calculation of the force on individual segments, as is discussed hereinafter. A notable advantage of this approach is that there is no computational penalty for including anisotropic elasticity. We review the method and apply it in a simple dislocation dynamics calculation.
Bare Particulars Laid Bare

Bare particulars have received a fair amount of bad press. Many find such entities to be obviously incoherent and dismiss them without much consideration. Proponents of bare particulars, on their part, have not done enough to clearly motivate and characterize bare particulars, thus leaving them open to misinterpretations. With this paper, I try to remedy this situation. I put forward a much-needed positive case for bare particulars through the four problems that they can be seen to solve—The Problem of Individuation, The Problem of Change, The Problem of Having a Property, and The Problem of Subtraction. I then distinguish and characterize three possible types of bare particulars—genuinely bare, constitutively bare, and thinly clothed—and consider how each of these cope with some classical and recent objections to bare particulars. I argue that the most troubling objections do not come from familiar quarters, but from examining how well such entities address all four of the ontological problems outlined. I ultimately conclude that the best contenders among the three types of bare particulars are the constitutively bare variety, but argue that, if they are to earn their keep, they must either share or turn over their individuating role to the ordinary particulars that they constitute.
Race, Housing, and the Federal Government: Black Lives on the Margins of the American Dream

As historians have increasingly explored the complex historical relationship between race, class, and institutions such as the federal government in shaping contemporary American society, historical sources such as the Federal Housing Association’s Underwriting Manual (1938) provide provocative opportunities for teaching. Brief excerpts from the Manual are a small window through which to examine the underappreciated role of the U.S. federal government in creating and sustaining a racialized version of the American Dream. The result is an opportunity to equip students, as citizens, with the historical thinking skills and sources to examine the enduring historical arc of racial injustice and resistance in the United States that serves as the foundation for the Black Lives Matter movement.
Immunoglobulin G4 sinusitis in association with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related disease is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by tumor-like tissue infiltration with IgG4 positive (IgG4+) plasma cells. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is defined as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and hypersensitivity to cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. Objective We described a case of a non-smoking 61-year-old male with prior NSAID sensitivity who presented with a 1-year history of left eye proptosis associated with chronic nasal symptoms, ultimately identified as concurrent AERD and IgG4 sinusitis. Methods The patient was evaluated in the clinic and diagnosed by using clinical, radiographic, and surgical biopsy findings. Results Although initial concern was greatest for malignancy, a biopsy specimen confirmed the presence of a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and storiform fibrosis, associated with increased IgG4+ plasma cells. Therefore, IgG4-related disease (RD) was identified in this patient with AERD. Conclusion Shared type II inflammation may be responsible for the coexistence of IgG4-RD and AERD as observed in our patient. Health care workers must be cognizant of the simultaneous presentation of both IgG4-RD and AERD.
Limited root repair in acute type A aortic dissection is safe but results in increased risk of reoperation.

Abstract Objective Management of the aortic root is a challenge for surgeons treating acute type A aortic dissection. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the acute type A aortic dissection experience at Stanford Hospital between 2005 and 2015 and identified patients who underwent either limited root repair or aortic root replacement. Differences in baseline characteristics were balanced with inverse probability weighting to estimate the average treatment effect on the controls. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate in-hospital mortality. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate differences in the hazard for mid-term death. Reoperation was evaluated with death as a competing risk with the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard. Results After we excluded patients managed either nonoperatively or with definitive endovascular repair, there were 293 patients without connective tissue disease who underwent either limited root repair or aortic root replacement. There was no difference in weighted perioperative mortality, odds ratio 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-1.76, P = .7), and there was no difference in weighted survival, hazard ratio 1.12 (95% CI, 0.54-2.31, P = .8). Risk of reoperation was greater in limited root repair (11.8%, 95% CI, 0.0%-23.8%) than for root replacement (0%), P Conclusions Limited root repair was associated with increased risk of late reoperation after repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Surgeons with adequate experience may consider aortic root replacement in well-selected patients. However, given good outcomes after limited root repair, surgeons should not feel compelled to perform this more-complex operation.
Chemical Modifications in Reservoir-Regulated Streams

It has long been recognized that as stream water is impounded in reservoirs, the water chemistry often changes before it becomes outflow at the dam (Wiebe, 1938; Love, 1961; Symons, 1969). This modification, in both the quality and quantity of chemical conditions, varies widely in the same reservoir over time and from one reservoir to another. The economic and ecological complexity and significance of these and other changes have resulted in several symposia and literature reviews on reservoirs (Symons et al., 1964; U.S. Public Health Service, 1965; Lowe-McConnel, 1966; Lane, 1967; Elder et al., 1968; Symons, 1969; Obeng, 1969; Hall, 1971; Ridley and Symons, 1972; Ackermann et al., 1973; Hill and Summerfeit, 1974; Cairns et al., 1978; Driver and Wunderlich, 1978). These symposia along with several comprehensive studies on specific reservoirs over time, symposia on eutrophication (Rohlich, 1969; Likens, 1972), and current books on limnology (Wetzel, 1975; Golterman, 1975) have provided for a better understanding of the hydrological and limnological concepts controlling reservoir dynamics.
Intergenerational Transmission of Historical Enmity

One always hears of magnificent causes that are embraced “for the sake of the children. 11 While children are used to touch the sensitive nerve of audiences, the adults who use them never bother to find out how these children feel about the issues. In fact, despite Kanner1s declaration1 that this is the century of the child, the adult decision-making world continues to dream of, aspire to, use, abuse and finally rationalize acts as being done for or because of the next generation. They sometimes use questionnaires or opinion polls but these will invariably represent whatever cause the adult who asks the questions embraces. The childre’s authentic input is missing. Adults are able to design arrangements which fit their own needs and ascribe these needs to a lofty cause: “We’re doing it for the children.”
Abstract 3300: Network analysis of the human protein-protein interactome: Tumorigenic signaling mechanisms

The dysregulated signaling responsible for tumor cell state implementation and maintenance has been shown to be mediated by the concerted action of master regulator (MR) proteins. Highly connected MR protein modules serve as “tumor checkpoints” by translating upstream genetic alterations into aberrant protein activity that drives pathophysiological cellular phenotypes. Direct pathways for information flow among MR proteins, and between individual MR proteins and their upstream modulators and downstream effectors, are largely unknown. The Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PrePPI) database contains 1.4M predictions for ~85% of the human proteome; of these, ~300K are predicted to be physical, i.e. direct one-to-one, interactions.We apply network analysis concepts, as implemented in the R package igraph, to the PrePPI interactome to predict structural mechanisms underlying tumorigenic signal transduction. Shortest path and random walk with restart algorithms elucidate 1) physical interactions between MR proteins, 2) physical interactions that connect MR proteins that do not directly bind to each other, 3) upstream signaling proteins with recurrent and patient-specific mutations that physically interact with MR proteins, and 4) downstream cofactors and transcription factors that may be involved in effecting a dysregulated phenotype.Our analysis predicts that physical interactions fully connect BACH2, BCL6, IRF8, and SPIB, established germinal center MR proteins. 1) BACH2 and BCL6 are predicted to interact directly through their BTB/POZ domains; BTB domains are known to mediate heterodimeric protein-protein interactions. 2) Additional proteins, including IBTK, ANFY1, PAX7, ZEB1, GABPB1/B2, connect SPIB to BACH2 and to BCL6, in some cases through ankyrin repeats, which are structural protein-protein interaction motifs. Several of the PrePPI-predicted proteins, e.g. IBTK, ZEB1, GABP, have previously been implicated in B-cell biology. The possible implications of our analyses for a wide range of MR proteins modules will be presented.The computational prediction of physical protein-protein interactions within the regulatory architecture of a tumor cell is a powerful approach to discovering novel tumorigenic signaling mechanisms, formulating specific experimentally testable hypotheses of function, including compound mechanisms of action, and prioritizing novel drug targets. Citation Format: Diana Murray, Kamrun N. Begum, Andrea Califano, Barry Honig. Network analysis of the human protein-protein interactome: Tumorigenic signaling mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3300.
Effects of childhood setting and interaction with nature on academic performance in introductory college-level courses in the environmental sciences.

AbstractThis study explored the relationships between student background and academic performance in college introductory environmental science (ES) courses at a large U.S. research university with the premise that this analysis may inform teaching practices, curricula, and efforts to increase retention. We surveyed over 700 students across eleven introductory ES courses and used multiple linear mixed-effects regressions to model the data. We found that students who grew up in rural settings or who had frequent childhood interactions with natural environments earned higher grades, on average, than students from urban settings or with fewer childhood interactions with natural environments. Our results indicate that students reporting frequent childhood interactions with forests, for example, were projected to earn grades up to 1.5 letter grades higher in these courses than students with no such interactions. In addition, students with frequent childhood interactions with nature were likelier to report that...