cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smith College School for Social Work and Combat‐Related Trauma: Allegiance, Scholarship, and Commitment

The Smith College School for Social Work (SCSSW) was founded for the purpose of treating soldiers returning from World War I who suffered from shell shock, conditions that are now described as combat‐related trauma. As history evolved, America found itself embroiled in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and contemporary conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. With each conflict clinical social workers have played a pivotal role in the care of active‐duty soldiers and returning veterans. This article explores the School's historical contribution to the treatment of combat‐related trauma through its curriculum, theoretical perspectives, and endorsement of different treatment paradigms over the last century. The earlier decades and Vietnam–era time involvement of the SCSSW in clinical social work practice with service members and their families is of particular interest. Specific recommendations are offered to the School that may benefit those practitioners entering the field of combat‐related trauma.
Machine Learning and Bias Correction of MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth

Machine-learning approaches (neural networks and support vector machines) are used to explore the reasons for a persistent bias between aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the accurate ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network. While this bias falls within the expected uncertainty of the MODIS algorithms, there is room for algorithm improvement. The results of the machine-learning approaches suggest a link between the MODIS AOD biases and surface type. MODIS-derived AOD may be showing dependence on the surface type either because of the link between surface type and surface reflectance or because of the covariance between aerosol properties and surface type.
Savonius water current meter

Since the invention of the Savonius Rotor, people have been using rapidly an analog instrument to measure the ocean water current. The limited accuracy of an analog instrument result in a new digital instrument. This project was designing a digital instrument for Ocean Engineering Department. The digital instrument was built from the scratch and the procedure for investigate, design, and test will be explained in this paper.
Statistical Resolution Limits of DOA for Discrete Sources

This paper examines the stochastic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of direction of arrival (DOA) estimates for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), minimum shift keying (MSK) and quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated signals in the presence of unknown nonuniform Gaussian noise. After deriving closed-form expressions of the CRB, the statistical resolution limit, defined as the source separation that equals its own CRB is given. It is shown that this highest achievable resolution is proportional to the reciprocal of the fourth root of the product of the number of snaphots by an extended signal to noise ratio (SNR), in contrast to the square root dependence for circular Gaussian sources.
Impact of Federal Legislation on School Social Work

■ Three recent pieces of federal legislation—the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, and the National Defense Education Act Amendments of 1964—have a direct bearing on the manner in which the social worker functions In the public school. Two extend the functioning of the worker in terms of providing additional responsibilities and funds for expanding the service, and the third restricts the worker's functioning by providing additional personnel to assume some of the functions now performed. The author examines the effects of each of these three laws, concluding that the end result is positive. ■
Are we at the goal line with the novel oral anticoagulants and have we reached the end of the line for dronedarone and vernakalant--or is there more to come?

The authors of this Mini-Hot-Topic collection of review manuscripts have provided an outstanding review of the development and current status of several of our most recently developed agents in the fight against atrial fibrillation (AF). They have also given the readers a glimpse into the difficulty of drug development and the contrasts that can exist with the same product in different geographies. For their efforts they have my deepest appreciation. It is my hope that these articles will assist those of you who are clinicians in your care of patients and those of you who are investigators in your appreciation of the drug development process and its hurdles. More specifically, this Mini-Hot-Topic symposium has reviewed for you: (1) the evidence supporting the new novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as first-line therapy for preven-tion of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with “nonvalvular” atrial fibrillation (NVAF); (2) the winding path taken by dronedarone in reaching its current place in our antiarrhythmic armamentarium – in which it still has a role; and (3) the contrasting decisions made with respect to the marketing of vernakalant in Europe versus the United States. Now, in this last manuscript of the collection, I will echo for emphasis some of their highlights and I will also bring you further up to date with respect to a possible future role for dronedarone, as hinted at by the HARMONY trial.
Piecewise Multiple Linear Models for Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Prediction Under Effect of Winter Weather Events

Most existing models for prediction of pavement marking retroreflectivity have been developed from data collected in locations with similar weather conditions; therefore, the effect of different weather conditions, such as winter weather events, has not been extensively studied. This study develops degradation models that can predict retroreflectivity of durable pavement marking materials under various winter weather conditions. Piecewise multiple linear models are proposed to explicitly account for the effect of winter weather events in this study. In comparisons of the proposed models with conventional multiple linear models (MLMs) developed from the same set of data, the proposed models outperformed the MLMs, and the overall root-mean-square error improved from 204.6 mcd/m2/lux for MLMs to 106.5 mcd/m2/lux for piecewise MLMs. The proposed models also show robust and consistent results in predicting retroreflectivity of different materials in different states. The results indicate that the proposed meth...
Alternative Careers for Women in Dentistry: Impact, Innovation, and Industry

Until the 1960s, women comprised about 1% of dentists in the U.S. workforce.[1][1] Women entering dental school at that time were blazing new career paths to which women previously had limited access. Like many of my colleagues who enrolled in dental school in the 1970s and 1980s, my career
Surveillance of HIV and STD infection among drug addicts in Xuchang city during 2002-2010

Objective To understand the risk factors of AIDS and the status of HIV infection among drug addicts in Xuchang,and to provide evidences for the formulation of the control and prevention measures of AIDS.Methods According to the requirements of the sentinel surveillance of AIDS,the behaviors of the new drug users were studied.The levels of serum antibody of HIV,syphilis and HCV were also measured.Results 93.2% of the drug addicts consumed drugs in oral form and 6.8% by intravenous injection.The positive rate of HIV antibody was 0.41%.Conclusion HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases are the risk factors of drug users.We should strengthen the intervention of their high-risk behaviors.
Students’ Perceptions of Safety at School After Sandy Hook

AbstractHigh profile school shootings have served as pivotal events for developing policies to promote student safety. Although previous studies indicate that exposure to violence is associated with feeling unsafe at school and poorer academic and psychosocial outcomes, research on the relationship between widely publicized acts of school violence and students’ perceptions of safety is scant. This study examines this relationship utilizing data from 66,511 high school students from a single state by comparing survey responses from students who completed surveys before and after the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Although several models indicated a statistically significant relationship between Sandy Hook and perceptions of safety, the sizes of the effects were not meaningful. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Sustainability and repeatability of postactivation potentiation.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the duration and repeatability of postactivation potentiation (PAP) benefits within a single exercise session. Specifically examined were the recurring effects, over multiple sets, of heavy back squats on repeated sprint times. METHODS A partially randomized, counterbalanced, repeated measures design was implemented using 29 college-aged male NCAA varsity field sport athletes participating in PAP and control conditions. Subjects performed four repetitions of back squats (PAP=90% 1RM; control =20% 1RM), rested 8 minutes, performed a set of four 40-m sprints (55 s inter-repetition active recovery) and rested for 8 minutes after the last sprint. This was performed two more times, for a total of three sets (of back squats and sprints) performed 20 minutes apart. Sprint performance was measured using electronic timing gates and a timing pad to capture of reaction time (RT) at the start of each sprint. 2x3 (condition x sets) and 2x4 (condition X repetition) repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze both sprint and RT outcomes. RESULTS Subjects ran significantly faster (P 0.05) by PAP activity. CONCLUSIONS The PAP effect was sustainable up to 11 minutes after heavy back squats and was repeated successfully three times. These findings can assist coaches and athletes interested in applying PAP to improve performance.
Elastic Strain and Internal Stress

This chapter focuses on elastic strain and internal stress. It discusses elasticity even in pure metals that can be a complex atomic displacement once the lattice is modified by dislocations. Engineers depending on formal stress analysis can hardly forego their safety factors. Perhaps the most suggestive development is the observation that the internal stress because of the dislocations in some metals can be directional in a manner depending on grain orientation and the implication that grains may consist of regular regions with strains of one sign that displace X-ray reflections and irregular regions with balancing strains that go unrecorded. It is reasonable to expect that dislocations in a grain, if they are mobile enough, should arrange themselves in a way that most reduces the energy of a grain. The dislocations will respond in a directional way to a directional applied stress; for example in a grain to which tension is applied, positive edge-dislocations with their extra plane would tend to lie perpendicular to the extended lattice direction and negative-edge dislocations with their missing plane, perpendicular to the contracted direction. Further, lattice stress/strain curves likely to be of special interest but on which sufficient data is not yet available would be ones obtained on single-crystal as distinct from polycrystalline metal and on metals strained at different temperatures. The dislocation walls forming sources of the irregular internal stresses should be less stably anchored in single crystals, which do not develop the structural disorientation that polycrystalline grains do; they should be less stable at elevated temperature.
A Transcendental Argument for Agreement as the Sole Sufficient Basis of a Philosophical Ethic

Any controversy to be resolved by agreement (without force) can be extended into a meta-controversy about whether permission or agreement has been obtained (force is used). If a requirement for agreement is extended from an abstract ideal to actual agreement, and if the actual agreement concerns the meta-controversy as well as the controversy, an agent’s resolve to act in ways that involve agreement can imply a host of very strong constraints on action. This can significantly alter the implications of a transcendental argument that demonstrates agreement is the sole sufficient basis for an ethic that can be used by people who do not share robust commitments regarding the right and good. H. Tristram Engelhardt has advanced such a transcendental argument to ground his minimal ethic for moral strangers. An inversion from a minimal to a maximal ethic can arise because of an additional ambiguity regarding the moral standpoint. When an actual agent takes up the moral stance, that agent resolves to act in such a way that contingent, subjective grounds of action (Kant’s “maxim”) are consistent with the requirement for permission/agreement that governs agent interactions. The requirement for agreement functions as a constraint relative to which contingent aspects of agency must be taken as indifferent and subject to reconstruction. If the agreements and permissions must be mutually acknowledged, external agents can withhold recognition of all reasons for action that are not mutually recognized as reasons. Engelhardt’s requirement for a mutually recognized, common basis of ethics can be extended to the whole set of conditions that make an agreement into a mutually recognized agreement. To avoid this interpretation, Engelhardt needs to explicitly make deference to other agents with inaccessible reasons for action into a constitutive moment of the moral standpoint. He also needs to make peaceable resolution of conflict constitutive of the way the game of blaming and praising is defined. This will require independent criteria for when force is deployed by an agent to resolve a controversy.
Chlorination of 1-Carba-closo-dodecaborate and 1-Ammonio-closo-dodecaborate Anions.

Fully chlorinated carborate and dodecaborate cages such as [CHB11Cl11]− and [Me3NB12Cl11]− are prominent examples of valuable and chemically rather inert weakly coordinating anions. While both anions can be obtained by chlorination of the precursors [CH12B11]− and [H3NB12H11]− with SO2Cl2 followed by methylation for the synthesis of [Me3NB12Cl11]−, best results were found using photochemical chlorination with SO2Cl2 for [CH12B11]− and thermal chlorination with SO2Cl2 for [H3NB12H11]−. The hexachlorinated anion [n-Pr3NB12H5Cl6]− was formed readily within 30 min by chlorination of [n-Pr3NB12H11]−, but attempts to synthesize isopropyl-substituted ammonio-dodecaborates with a higher chlorination number resulted in the formation of mixtures and partial decomposition. The silver and trityl salts of the anions [CHB11Cl11]−, [Me3NB12Cl11]−, and [n-Pr3NB12H5Cl6]− as well as the contact ion-pair [Et2Al][Me3NB12Cl11] were also prepared, and the compounds [Ag(NCMe)][Me3NB12Cl11], [Et2Al][Me3NB12Cl11], and [Et4N][i-Pr...
Long-Term Secure One-Round Group Key Establishment from Multilinear Mappings

A new concept of security, long-term security, was introduced by Bohli et al. in 2007 as a security guarantee of a protocol even some security assumptions become invalid after the completion of the protocol. Following the notion of long-term security of Bohli et al., we present a one-round long-term secure group key establishment protocol in the random oracle model. The resulting solution is built on a multilinear map and timestamps. The protocol also offers integrity and strong entity authentication. The proposed protocol remains secure if either a server, who shares a symmetric key with each user, is uncorrupted or a Graded Decisional Diffie Hellman problem is hard.
Solvent-dependent absorption and electronic relaxation dynamics of iron (III) tetra-4-N-methylpyridylporphine

Abstract Solvent-dependent excited-state relaxation dynamics of iron (III) tetra-4-N-methylpyridylporphine (FeTMPyP) were investigated using steady-state and femtosecond spectroscopies. Soret absorption for water-dispersed FeTMPyP consisted of two spectrally broad components centered at 3.12 eV and 2.92 eV, corresponding to π → π∗ and charge-transfer (C-T) transitions. The C-T transition exhibited inverse-dielectric-dependent energy shifts. Following 400-nm excitation, dynamics proceeded by femtosecond internal conversion from the initially prepared π∗ state to the C-T state, followed by solvent-dependent C-T relaxation. The C-T energy shifts and relaxation rates exhibited correlated dielectric dependences. C-T absorption energy and relaxation dynamics of FeTMPyP are sensitive indicators of surrounding dielectric environments.
Growth and Characterization of ZnO Nanowires

Single crystal ZnO nanowires were grown by chemical vapor deposition using monodisperse 5 nm or 20 nm diameter gold nanoparticle catalysts to control the nanowire diameter and location. The nanowires reach several microns in length and grow only from the gold nanoparticles. The nanowires have narrowly dispersed diameters, albeit significantly larger than the diameter of the gold particles used for catalyzing the growth. The nanowires grow in the [ 0 1 10 ] or [ 1 1 10 ] directions normal to the lowest energy planes in ZnO. ZnO nanowires emit in the near ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum upon excitation with highenergy photons or electrons. Electron diffraction and absence of luminescence associated with oxygen vacancies indicate high quality crystalline ZnO nanowires. Cathodoluminescence e mission along the entire length of the wire is consistent with a lack of non-radiative recombination sites associated with defects, lending further support for the high quality of these nanowires.
Future proof IoT: Composable semantics, security, QoS and reliability

IETF impressively defined internet interoperation across 30 years of unforeseeable syntax API. IOT needs similar future proof, but for connected things' composable semantics, security, reliability and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper overviews these with simplifying tradeoffs from a bottom up approach using Data Distribution Service (DDS). Then high level semantic additions to DDS are suggested for semantics that are backward compatible, while maintaining the security, reliability and QoS of DDS. Finally, further work is suggested toward out-of-the-box composability and interoperability between common IoT data models and compliant solutions.
Three-dimensional metrology for printed electronics

Novel materials and printing technologies can enable rapid and low cost prototyping and manufacturing of electronic devices with increased flexibility and complexity. However, robust and on-demand printing of circuits will require accurate metrology methods that can measure micron level patterns to verify proper production. This paper presents an evaluation of a range of optical gaging tools ranging from confocal to area 3D systems to determine metrological capability for a range of key parameters from trace thickness to solder paste volumes. Finally, this paper will present a select set of optimized measurement tools detailing both capabilities and gaps in the available technologies needed to fully realize the potential of printed electronics.
CHAPTER 10 – Stochastic Processes and Stochastic Integration in Banach Spaces

This chapter examines the stochastic processes and stochastic integration in Banach spaces. The stochastic integral in Banach spaces is developed with the aid of a vector bilinear integral. The chapter provides convergence theorems and has applied them to establish Ito's formula, the essential tool used in stochastic calculus. The summable processes in the theory play the role of the square integrable martingales in the classical theory. It turns out that every Hilbert valued square integrable martingale is summable. The advantage and purpose of establishing a Lebesgue space for the bilinear vector integral is the possibility to examine weak completeness and weak compactness. The regularity and the Doob-Meyer decomposition of abstract quasimartingales are elaborated in the chapter. One of the main theorems concerning the existence of cadlag modifications of a quasimartingale is presented in the chapter. It is found that for each stopping time, the stopped process is a quasimartingale on satisfying the regularity condition. The existence of right continuous or cadlag modifications is also examined in the chapter.
Treat the Pain Program.

Abstract Context Globally, low- and middle-income countries are home to 70% of cancer deaths and 99% of HIV deaths, but they consume just 7% of opioid analgesics. Objective The American Cancer Society's Treat the Pain program partners with governments in low- and middle-income countries to improve access to high-quality essential pain medicines. Method Treat the Pain has developed the MORPHINE Framework to provide a structure to describe challenges to access to pain relief and to group and sequence interventions to address these challenges. Results Treat the Pain has used the framework to improve access to oral morphine in partner countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Swaziland, addressing both supply- and demand-side challenges. Conclusion Treat the Pain is supporting governments in Sub-Saharan Africa to reduce needless suffering and improve access to essential pain medicines for patients in pain by supporting the expansion of locally produced, affordable oral morphine solution and expanding basic training in pain assessment and management.
Imagination, metaphysics, mathematics: Descartes’s arguments for the Vortex Hypothesis

In this paper, I examine the manner in which Descartes defends his Vortex Hypothesis in Part III of the Principles of Philosophy (1644), and expand on Ernan McMullin’s characterization of the methodology that Descartes uses to support his planetary system. McMullin illuminates the connection between the deductive method of Part III and the method Descartes uses in earlier portions of the Principles, and he brings needed light to the role that imaginative constructions play in Descartes’s explanations of the phenomena. I develop McMullin’s reading by bringing further attention to the constraints that Descartes places on the imagination in Part III. I focus in particular on the way in which Descartes uses metaphysical truths concerning God’s nature to support his general description of the planetary system, and on the way he relies on a mathematical standard of intelligibility to defend his proposals about the configuration of matter. Attending to the role of metaphysics and mathematics in Part III shows that Descartes’s arguments for the explanatory power of the Vortex Hypothesis are more effective than McMullin suggests. The reading I forward also offers important perspective on how Descartes’s hypotheses in Part III can be seen as both metaphysically and mathematically well-grounded.
Experiences in Working with the “Other”: Barrier or Catalyst to the Clinical Encounter?

Abstract Therapists experience added strain attempting to form a treatment relationship with students of different races and cultures than they. Therapist feelings of estrangement and anxiety, typical in this work, can contribute to countertransferential pitfalls, but race and ethnicity can also facilitate powerful transferential reactions that provide a useful way to access a client's difficulties and advance the treatment process. The author addresses common countertransference reactions and reviews some major psychoanalytic research on cross-cultural and interracial psychotherapy.
The Response of Trilateral Control

The previous three chapters examined the conditions under which private citizens invoke the legal process. This chapter looks at the responses of official third parties to the disputes that enter trilateral forums. I consider what factors predict these responses at several stages of the legal process including police, prosecution, and final disposition.
Performance Monitoring as a Moderator of the Relations Between Two Conscientiousness Measures and Task Performance

The present study investigated the moderating effects of performance monitoring on the relations between two measures of conscientiousness (general and business-oriented) and performance on a data entry task. A significant interaction was evidenced between conscientiousness and performance monitoring in predicting task performance for the general measure of conscientiousness; however, it was opposite than expected. No significant interaction was evidenced between conscientiousness and performance monitoring in predicting task performance for the business-oriented measure of conscientiousness. Possible explanations for these findings are suggested. Implications and limitations of the present research are identified and various suggestions for future research in this area are recommended.
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN A TEENAGER: IMPORTANCE OF RECOGNIZING EARLY ONSET CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a cardiac emergency which typically presents in middle age to older adults but can also manifest in younger patients. Clinical history and presentation should guide diagnostic and therapeutic management. An 18 years old male with history of hyperlipidemia (HLD) and
To Play or Not to Play? An Analysis of Dispositions, Gambling, and Daily Fantasy Sport

Following a mega-advertising blitz in the late summer of 2015, daily fantasy sports (DFSs) entered a maturing fantasy sports market as a new, highly accessible, and potentially lucrative alternativ...
Polymer solar filter for enabling direct daytime radiative cooling

Abstract Passive radiative daytime cooling is a low-cost solution to improve human comfort and reduce the energy demands of cooling on a global scale. We present the first demonstration of direct full-sun daytime radiative cooling using an all-polymer filter that blocks solar irradiance while maintaining high transmittance in the long-wave infrared (LWIR). Warm objects and surfaces radiatively transfer heat through the polymer solar filter to the cold sink of space, decreasing temperatures up to 10 °C during day and night. The polyethylene (PE) filter exploits scattering by size-controlled air pores to maximize reflection of solar photons, while preserving the LWIR transparency inherent to PE. We demonstrated cooling power of over 110 W/m2 for an emissive surface placed beneath the solar filter. Scalable, low-cost manufacturing of a radiative cooling polymer solar filter allows direct full-sun daytime cooling of heat-emitting surfaces in a variety of settings.
Anomalous self-diffusion, structural and energy relaxations and temporal scaling laws in pure tantalum and pure vanadium metallic glasses

While most studies have considered diffusion in metallic glasses (MGs) to be normal, with a temporally asymptotic diffusivity at a given temperature (T), we report that the diffusion is anomalous and should be described as subdiffusion in pure Ta and pure V MGs—two examples chosen here because of chemical simplicity, fast relaxation, and minimal ambiguity. The diffusivity at a constant T (below the glass transition temperature) drops continuously with time t according to a negative power law instead of the commonly assumed exponential decay. To understand this, we trace the dynamic evolution of potential energy (Ep) and icosahedral short-range ordering (fico) of the system. We find that at large t, fico increases linearly with ln(t), causing Ep to decrease linearly with ln(t), with a remarkably simple linear correlation between fico and Ep. Based on Ep, we infer a continuously increasing effective migration energy barrier, also scaling linearly with ln(t), which perfectly recovers the negative power law time-dependence of diffusivity. The finding of anomalous diffusion and its origin in the fast-relaxing MGs calls out the need to distinguish potentially anomalous diffusion from normal diffusion in MGs, which is critical in disentangling time and temperature in experimental data and developing a robust theory for diffusion in MGs. The temporal scaling laws for diffusivity and structural and energy relaxations reported here may find their validity in other MGs and aid future theory development. In addition, we also discuss the effect of sample thermal history on the time-dependent diffusivity and how to prevent confusion caused by such effect.While most studies have considered diffusion in metallic glasses (MGs) to be normal, with a temporally asymptotic diffusivity at a given temperature (T), we report that the diffusion is anomalous and should be described as subdiffusion in pure Ta and pure V MGs—two examples chosen here because of chemical simplicity, fast relaxation, and minimal ambiguity. The diffusivity at a constant T (below the glass transition temperature) drops continuously with time t according to a negative power law instead of the commonly assumed exponential decay. To understand this, we trace the dynamic evolution of potential energy (Ep) and icosahedral short-range ordering (fico) of the system. We find that at large t, fico increases linearly with ln(t), causing Ep to decrease linearly with ln(t), with a remarkably simple linear correlation between fico and Ep. Based on Ep, we infer a continuously increasing effective migration energy barrier, also scaling linearly with ln(t), which perfectly recovers the negative power law t...
Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma (ACKD-RCC) Harbor Recurrent Mutations in KMT2C and TSC2 Genes

Individuals with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) in the setting of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a high risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). ACKD-RCC is considered a distinct renal neoplasm in the International Society of Urologic Pathologists (ISUP)-World Health Organization (WHO) classification of kidney tumors which may behave aggressively. Since its original description, there have been multiple case reports and series published; however, the pathogenesis of this neoplasm is uncertain and there is limited data on the genetic aberrations of this tumor. Herein, we present our experience with ESRD kidneys, with emphasis on ACKD-RCC, associated cysts, and the somatic mutation analysis of a subset of ACKD-RCCs using next-generation sequencing. Our data on 59 cases with ESRD that underwent nephrectomy, shows that ACKD-RCC represents more than half of the tumors (25/46; 54%) developing in ESRD, followed by papillary RCC (13; 28%). History of dialysis, male sex, and African American race were potential risk factors for developing ACKD-RCCs. Further, ACKD-RCC-like cysts are possible precursors of RCCs in the ACKD setting noted in 40 of 46 (87%) cases with tumors. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed recurrent mutations in the KMT2C gene in 4 of 5 ACKD-RCCs (80%), exclusively exhibiting cribriform "sieve-like" morphology; whereas the case negative for KMT2C mutations exhibited "type 2" papillary RCC morphology and lacked "sieve-like" growth pattern. Pathogenic mutations in TSC2 were the second common abnormality (3/5; 60%), often coexisting with KMT2C mutations. Deleterious mutations in additional genes such as CBL, PDGFRA, and SYNE1, etc. were noted but were nonrecurrent and always coexisted with mutations in KMT2C or TSC2. To conclude, our study highlights that mutations in a chromatin-modifying gene KMT2C may potentially be oncogenic drivers for the development of ACKD-RCC with classic sieve-like morphology. In addition, pathogenic mutations in TSC2 possibly play a role in the development of cysts/tumors in a subset of ACKD patients. If corroborated in larger cohorts, these findings would be useful in planning surveillance and early intervention in ESRD patients developing ACKD.
Die wissenschaftliche Methode und das Abgrenzungsproblem

Auf die Frage, was den erkenntnistheoretischen Sonderstatus von Wissenschaft ausmacht, werden die meisten wohl anfuhren, es sei die „wissenschaftliche Methode“, die sie von anderen Erkenntniswegen unterscheide. Auf der anderen Seite ist sich die Mehrheit der Wissenschaftsphilosophen einig daruber, dass es so etwas wie eine „wissenschaftliche Methode“ gar nicht gibt.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Masquerading as Submandibular Sialolithiasis.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive neoplasm of T- or null cell phenotype. It is rarely associated with a leukemic phase. Based on a structured literature review, salivary duct obstruction and sialolithiasis have not been reported as a presenting feature of lymphoma. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old male who was initially referred to an otolaryngologist for sialolithiasis and was later found to have a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma on further evaluation. He was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a leukemic phase complicated by multiorgan failure and tumor lysis syndrome, leading to death prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. The aim of this report is to make clinicians aware of this unusual presentation, as early recognition and timely referral to the appropriate specialist is important to prevent adverse outcomes. This also emphasizes the importance of exploring the underlying etiology of disease in addition to treating the disease itself, as presenting symptoms can mask the underlying etiology.
Pushing back: How one school board publicly deliberated state-level teacher personnel policies

This case study examines how one urban school board publicly discussed teacher personnel policies that interacted with local teaching workforce interests. Not much is known about how school boards interact with state level policies as they grapple with issues of local implementation. I analyzed archived recordings of school board meetings and documents covering a fiscal year (July–June) in an urban school system in North Carolina. Throughout the course of the 2013–2014 fiscal year, the school board deliberations took a tone of pushing back on state-level teacher and staffing policies. I tracked the types of evidence and problem-framing used by board members during deliberations about teacher personnel policy at public board meetings. The board most often used broad appeals, example, and data (restricted to numerical/statistical) in their deliberations. The problem was usually framed as one of economics. I provide some possibilities as to why the board relied on these evidence types and problem frames and suggest future avenues of research to better understand how school boards interact with state level policies.
Linkage disequilibrium between rare mutations

The statistical associations between mutations, collectively known as linkage disequilibrium (LD), encode important information about the evolutionary forces acting within a population. Yet in contrast to single-site analogues like the site frequency spectrum, our theoretical understanding of linkage disequilibrium remains limited. In particular, little is currently known about how mutations with different ages and fitness costs contribute to expected patterns of LD, even in simple settings where recombination and genetic drift are the major evolutionary forces. Here, we introduce a forward-time framework for predicting linkage disequilibrium between pairs of neutral and deleterious mutations as a function of their present-day frequencies. We show that the dynamics of linkage disequilibrium become much simpler in the limit that mutations are rare, where they admit a simple heuristic picture based on the trajectories of the underlying lineages. We use this approach to derive analytical expressions for a family of frequency-weighted LD statistics as a function of the recombination rate, the frequency scale, and the additive and epistatic fitness costs of the mutations. We find that the frequency scale can have a dramatic impact on the shapes of the resulting LD curves, reflecting the broad range of time scales over which these correlations arise. We also show that the differences between neutral and deleterious LD are not purely driven by differences in their mutation frequencies, and can instead display qualitative features that are reminiscent of epistasis. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for recent LD measurements in bacteria. This forward-time approach may provide a useful framework for predicting linkage disequilibrium across a range of evolutionary scenarios.
A comparative review of current topical antibiotics for impetigo

Impetigo is a superficial bacterial skin infection largely affecting the pediatric population. The objective of this review is to provide a comparison of mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of...
The herpes simplex virus 1 protein ICP4 acts as both an activator and repressor of host genome transcription during infection

Abstract Infection by Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) impacts nearly all steps of gene expression in the host cell. The regulatory mechanisms by which this occurs, and the interplay between host and viral factors, have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we investigated how the occupancy of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on the host genome changes during HSV-1 infection and is impacted by the viral immediate early protein ICP4. Pol II ChIP-seq experiments revealed a reduction of Pol II occupancy across the bodies of hundreds of host genes that was dependent upon ICP4. Concomitantly, Pol II levels increased across the bodies of several hundred genes, the majority of which also depended on ICP4 for activation. Our data suggest ICP4 regulates repression of Pol II at host genes by inhibiting recruitment of Pol II, while it regulates activation by promoting release of Pol II from promoter proximal pausing into productive elongation. Consistent with this, relative levels of the pausing factors NELF-A and Spt5 were reduced on an HSV-1 activated gene in an ICP4 dependent manner. Exogenous expression of ICP4 revealed that ICP4 can activate, but not repress, transcription of some genes in the absence of infection in a manner that correlates with the chromatin state of the gene. Together our data support the model that ICP4 decreases promoter proximal pausing on host genes activated by infection, and ICP4 is necessary, but not sufficient, to repress transcription from host genes during viral infection.
Minimizing Convolutional Neural Network Training Data With Proper Data Augmentation for Inline Defect Classification

Detecting the defects of the semiconductor devices produced using manufacturing processes is essential for quality assurance, and it requires the acquisition and accurate classification of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy images. However, owing to the difficulty of automation, the classification process is costly, and its efficiency must also be improved. To improve the classification accuracy and reduce the cost of classifiers, which are the main bottlenecks of conventional technology, we proposed a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the VGG16 architecture and performed appropriate data augmentations on training images. Reducing training images is an effective method for reducing the cost of creating classifiers. However, in this case, the classification accuracy is insufficient, as it greatly varies depending on the number of training images. The appropriate data augmentation of training images is an effective method for solving this problem. It was important to note that improper data augmentation reduces the classification accuracy. Also, we managed to find the optimal data augmentation type for a possible defect type.
Wrench Analysis of Kinematically Redundant Planar CDPRs

A fully-constrained \(n-DOF\) cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) has wrench closure if there are \(n + 1\) cables exerting positive tensions spanning the wrench space. However, the quality of wrench closure is often dependent on the geometric configuration of the supporting in-parallel chains of the CDPR. The reconfigurability endowed by adding in-chain kinematic and/or actuation redundancy to a conventional cable robot could greatly improve quality of the workspace. However, the status of various joints (active, passive or locked) affect the complexity of the systematic formulation and ultimate wrench-based analysis. Past efforts have tended to equilibrate the forces in these systems in such a way as to avoid kinematic redundancies. To this end, we formulate the kinematics of the redundant reconfigurable CDPR using matrix Lie group formulation (to allow ease of formulation and subsequent generalizability). Reciprocity (and selective reciprocity) permits the development of wrench analyses including the partitioning of actuation vs structural equilibration components. The total wrench set is greatly expanded both by the addition of kinematic redundancy and selective actuation/locking of the joints. The approach adopted facilitates the holistic determination of the true wrench polytope which accounts for the wrench contributions from all actuation sources. All these aspects are examined with variants of a 4-PRPR planar cable driven parallel manipulator (with varied active/passive/locked joints).
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism after Sternal Reconstruction: A Single-center Retrospective Review.

Background Deep sternal wound infection and mediastinitis following sternotomy are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and often require sternal reconstruction by plastic surgeons. Despite this patient population having a substantial risk of venous thromboembolism, there are no reports of the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing sternal reconstruction. The authors sought to evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism in sternal reconstruction patients and to identify common risk factors for venous thromboembolism in this patient population. Methods A single-center retrospective review was completed of all patients who underwent sternal reconstruction by plastic surgeons between January 2012 and July 2020. Demographic data, antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, 2005 Caprini score, operative time, bleeding events, and postoperative venous thromboembolism events were recorded. Results A total of 44 patients were identified for analysis. The average 2005 Caprini score for the cohort was 10.9. In total, 93.2% of patients received perioperative antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy (either chemoprophylaxis or systemic). Two patients developed postoperative venous thromboembolism events, for a total venous thromboembolism rate of 4.6%. Four patients had bleeding events requiring reoperation. No deaths were reported from either of these complications. Conclusions Patients undergoing sternal reconstruction are at a high risk for venous thromboembolism and postoperative bleeding events. Despite the growing body of literature on venous thromboembolism in various surgical populations, the optimal management of thromboembolic risk in patients with high Caprini scores undergoing sternal reconstruction requires additional investigation.
The Neuroscience of Terrorism: A Neuroscientific Approach to Understanding Cognitive-Behavioral Traits of Violent Extremists

The neuroscience of terrorism is a newly emerging interdisciplinary topic with potential implications for national security, forensic psychology, neuroimaging, and foreign policy. The exploratory case study and literature review presented highlight some of the most important findings in neuroscience in the previous decade. This paper attempts to apply current theories of brain-behavior relationships to understanding terrorism and violent ex¬tremism. Violent extremism is essential to terrorism and terrorist organizations. We found that a neuroscientific approach can identify and formulate research questions poised to in¬vestigate terrorism and violent extremism. Ultimately, we believe that neuroscience can be used in unison with traditional counterterrorism methods to better understand the terrorist mindset.
Controlling arbitrary humidity without convection.

In this paper we show a way that allows for the first time to induce arbitrary humidity of desired value for systems without convective flow. To enable this novelty we utilize a semi-closed environment in which evaporation is not completely suppressed. In this case, the evaporation rate is determined both by the outer (open) humidity and by the inner (semi-closed) geometry including the size/shape of the evaporating medium and the size/shape of the semi-closure. We show how such systems can be used to induce desired humidity conditions. We consider water droplet placed on a solid surface and study its evaporation when it is surrounded by other drops, hereon “satellite” drops and covered by a semi-closed hemisphere. The main drop’s evaporation rate is proportional to its height, in agreement with theory. Surprisingly, however, the influence of the satellite drops on the main drop’s evaporation suppression is not proportional to the sum of heights of the satellite drops. Instead, it shows proportionality close to the satellite drops’ total surface area. The resultant humidity conditions in the semi-closed system can be effectively and accurately induced using different satellite drops combinations.
Plasma Insulin Levels in Weaned Pigs Fed Protein or Energy Restricted Diets

Two experiments were conducted with pigs to investigate changes in plasma insulin levels during protein-energy malnutrition. Three or four week old pigs were fed a control diet (18% protein), an energy-restricted diet (19% protein) or a low protein diet (6% protein) for 8 weeks. Energy restriction was achieved by feeding the control diet in amounts that allowed some growth, but only to an extent equal to the low protein diet. At the end of the restriction period, all pigs were fed the control diet for another 8 weeks. Blood samples from the superior vena cava were collected at intervals throughout the experimental period. Plasma samples were analyzed for insulin by radioimmunoassay. Protein restriction after weaning resulted in persistently low insulin levels during depletion and rehabilitation periods, while high levels of plasma insulin were observed in energy-restricted pigs only during the depletion period compared to pigs fed the control diet.
Rich Texts: Wikisource as an Open Access Repository for Law and the Humanities

Open access to research and scholarship, although well established in the sciences, remains an emerging phenomenon in the legal academy. In recent years, a number of open access repositories have been created to permit self-archiving of legal scholarship (either within or across institutional boundaries), and faculties at some leading research institutions have adopted policies supporting open access to their work. Although existing repositories for legal scholarship represent a clear improvement over proprietary, subscription-based repositories in some ways, their architecture, and the narrowly defined missions they have elected to pursue, limit their ability to illuminate the ongoing dialogue among texts that is a defining characteristic of scholarly discourse in law and the humanities. One of the wiki-based projects operated by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation - the Wikisource digital library - improves upon the shortcomings of existing open access repositories by bringing source texts and commentary together in a single place, with additional contextual materials hosted on other Wikimedia Foundation sites just a click away. These features of Wikisource, if more widely adopted, may improve academic discourse by highlighting conceptual interconnections among works, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and reducing the competitive advantages of proprietary, closed-access legal information services.