cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabric Properties as Control Factors for Flexible Apparel Production Systems

Deals with the development of a control system for fabric pick‐and‐place operators based on the Clupicker device. Fabric mechanical properties are analysed for their influence on the motions performed in picking up fabric pieces from a stack. The performance of the picking device on various woven fabrics has been studied. A stepping motor drive to the crank of the Clupicker enabled us to control the normal force applied by the picking wheel on the fabric stack. By controlling the normal force we could make the Clupicker perform well for fabrics with very different properties. A linear regression was found between the minimum normal force required for effective performance of the picker and bending rigidity of the fabric.
Visible and infrared linear detector arrays for the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)

The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument uses four separate focal plane assemblies consisting of line array detectors that are multiplexed to a common J-FET preamp using a FET switch multiplexing (MUX) technique. A 32-element silicon line array covers the spectral range from 0.41 to 0.70 microns. Three additional 64-element indium antimonide (InSb) line arrays cover the spectral range from 0.68 to 2.45 microns. The spectral sampling interval per detector element is nominally 9.8 nm, giving a total of 224 spectral channels. All focal planes operate at liquid nitrogen temperature and are housed in separate dewars. Electrical performance characteristics include a read noise of less than 1000 e(-) in all channels, response and dark nonuniformity of 5 percent peak to peak, and quantum efficiency of greater than 60 percent.
A method for assessing the effect of polymer sheeting rheology, surface pattern, and processing conditions on glass lamination

An apparatus has been constructed wherein the transparency of a glass/polymer sheet/glass assembly undergoing vacuum de-airing can be monitored continuously. Experimental conditions can be varied independently, such as vacuum level, cold (ambient) de-airing time, and oven temperature. The behavior of polyvinyl butyral and an ionomeric interlayer (SGP) with different rheological properties and surface roughness were studied using various de-airing conditions. Initial results show that the clarity of the assembly is a monotonically increasing function of time in the oven at a given vacuum level. All assemblies made from these interlayers became clear with sufficient vacuum time at ambient temperature. The assembly from polyvinyl butyral with protrusion-type surface pattern clears up faster than that with indentation-type. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 521–528, 2001
Dispersal among local communities does not reduce historical contingencies during metacommunity assembly

Ample evidence suggests that ecological communities can exhibit historical contingencies. However, few studies have explored whether differences in assembly history can generate alternative local community states in metacommunities in which local communities are linked by dispersal. In a protist microcosm experiment, we examined the influence of species colonization history on metacommunity assembly under homogeneous environmental conditions, by manipulating both the sequence of species colonization into local communities and the rate of dispersal among local communities. Whereas the role of dispersal in structuring local communities decreased over time and became non-significant towards the end of the experiment, species colonization history significantly influenced local communities throughout the experiment. Local communities, regardless of the rate of dispersal among them, exhibited two alternative states characterized by the dominance of different species. The alternative community states, however, emerged in the absence of priority effects that were often associated with alternative community states found in other assembly studies. Rather, they were driven by variation in species interaction strength among local communities with different assembly histories. These results suggest that dispersal among local communities may not necessarily reduce the role of species colonization history in shaping metacommunity assembly, and that differences in species colonization history need to be explicitly considered as an important factor in causing heterogeneous community states in metacommunities.
Evaluation of the time-evolution propagator for the Lee model of nuclear interaction

Using functional-integration techniques, the time-dependent probabilities for all possible transitions are calculated (in the occupation-number representation) for the Lee model of a single heavy nucleon interacting with a light-particle field, without restriction on the number of light particles.
Laser Hair Removal: A Review

BACKGROUNDUnwanted hair growth is a common aesthetic problem. Laser hair removal has emerged as a leading treatment option for long-term depilation.OBJECTIVESTo extensively review the literature on laser hair removal pertaining to its theoretical basis, current laser and light-based devices, and the
The dual effect of sodium ion on the digitalis-sodium pump interaction

Digitalis glycosides are specific inhibitors of the sodium pump. While their effects on isolated Na,K-ATPase, an enzymatic representation of the sodium pump, can be quantified easily and precisely, estimation of their effects on the sodium pump and evaluation of the physiological significance of sodium pump inhibition are complicated by several factors. In isolated Na,K-ATPase, the specific binding of cardiac glycosides observed in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP is stimulated by Na+. In intact myocardial cells, conditions which enhance Na+ infux, and hence the amount of Na+ to be transported by the sodium pump, such as stimulation at high frequencies, presence of monensin (a sodium ionophore), batrachotoxin or grayanotoxin I, enhance the glycoside binding to the sodium pump. In left atrial muscle preparations isolated from the guinea-pig heart and stimulated at 0·5 Hz, binding of ouabain to glycoside binding sites on Na,K-ATPase was eliminated by lowering the extracellular Na+ concentration from 145 to 27 mM, a condition reported to lower the intracellular Na+ concentration by more than 60%. When ouabain exposure of atrial muscle preparations was restricted to the quiescent period, glycoside binding to the sodium pump was minimal. Monensin, however, caused ouabain to bind to the sodium pump in quiescent preparations. These results indicate that glycoside binding to the sodium pump is enhanced by intracellular Na+. In addition to enhancing the glycoside binding to the sodium pump, an elevation of intracellular Na+ reduces the reserve capacity of the sodium pump and therefore increases the sensitivity of the myocardium to sodium pump inhibition. In left atrial muscle preparations isolated from guinea-pig heart, monensin or stimulation at high frequencies enhanced digoxin binding to sarcolemmal Na,K-ATPase, and also reduced the degree of glycoside binding required to cause arrhythmias. These results suggest that an increase in intracellular Na+ ion available to the sodium pump enhances the effect of the cardiac glycoside in two ways; by stimulating the binding of glycoside to the sodium pump and by reducing the reserve capacity of the pump, thereby lowering the percent of pump inhibition required to cause sodium pump insuflciency.
In leukemogenesis by bcr-abl cell cycle progression via cyclin D1 involves cooperation between akt/gsk3β and jnk and is c-jun-mediated

Abstract Leukemic transformation by tyrosine kinase oncogenes (eg. Bcr/Abl) involves c-jun upregulation by c-jun-promoted transcriptional feedback. This has been closely linked to activity of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which phosphorylates c-jun serines 63, 73 to augment interaction with transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP. However, p21rac-/JNK-independent activation of PI-3-kinase and akt, both downstream of p210 Bcr-Abl, potentially bear upon c-jun and its transcription. Akt phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3β GSK3β), which then can no longer mediate inhibitory phosphorylation of the C-terminal jun DNA-binding domain. We transformed IL-3-dependent H7 cells by dual expression of activated gag-akt and RafCAAX (H7gag-akt/RafCAAX 1 & 2). We compared these cells to H7 cells transformed by p210 Bcr-Abl as well as with parental H7 cells, for enzyme activity of JNK and GSK3β. Extracts of these cells were also immunoblotted for quantity of total GSK3β vs. akt-inactivated phosphoserine 9 GSK3β, as well as for total c-jun and JNK-activated phosphoserine 73 c-jun. JNK activity for GST c-jun was 2-fold greater in Bcr-Abl.A54 cells compared with H7gag-akt/RafCAAX 1&2, and yet total c-jun expression was greater in the latter cells, which had more abundant akt-inactivated phosphoserine 9 GSK3β. However, the relative level of phosphoserine 73 c-jun was higher in Bcr-Abl.A54 vs. H7gag-akt/RafCAAX, and both cells overexpressed c-jun relative to H7 parent. Corresponding to the importance of JNK toward c-jun transactivation potential, Bcr-Abl.A54 cells overexpressed the putative c-jun transcriptional target cyclin D1, and these cells underwent more rapid cell cycle transit. Confirmation was sought for the importance of JNK in c-jun-dependent cyclin D1 expression by transfecting and overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant (serines 63,73 to alanine) c-jun not phosphorylatable by JNK (JNP). In these cells with JNP and p210 Bcr-Abl, cyclin D1 expression was blunted and proliferation was slowed. Taken together, these data point to collaboration of JNK-independent/akt-mediated and JNK-dependent pathways in leukemic transformation, acting on quantitative and qualitative levels, respectively, for c-jun regulation of cell cycle progression.
Monitoring the packet gap of real-time packet traffic

Real-time packet traffic is characterized by a strict deadline on the end-to-end time delay and an upper bound on the information loss. Due to the high correlation among consecutive packets, the individual packet loss does not well characterize the performance of real-time packet sessions. An additional measure of packet loss is necessary to adequately assess the quality of each real-time connection. The additional measure considered here is the average number of consecutively lost packets, also called the average packet gap. We derive a closed form for the average packet gap for the multiclassG/G/m/B queueing system in equilibrium and show that it only depends on the loss behavior of two consecutive packets. This result considerably simplifies the monitoring process of real-time packet traffic sessions. If the packet loss process is markovian, the consecutive packet loss has a geometric distribution.
Introduction to Part I: Time and its Transformations from the Old World to the New

‭The four articles in Part I, Time and its Transformations from the Old World to the New, suggest that as Christianity was transmitted to the New World, this transmission necessitated new ways of conceiving of time and history. The articles thus point to new ways of thinking about the legacy of Christianity in Latin America. They also lead to a re-envisioning of the wider history of the Christian faith, a vision similarly expressed by artist Robert Graham on the doors of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles.‬
Statistical Models for Fading and Shadowed Fading Channels in Wireless Systems: A Pedagogical Perspective

A unified analysis of statistical models for describing fading, shadowing, and shadowed fading channels is presented from a pedagogical viewpoint. The different probability density functions such the Rayleigh, Nakagami, gamma, generalized gamma, Weibull, lognormal, Nakagami-lognormal, K distribution, generalized K distribution, and Nakagami inverse Gaussian distribution are presented and the relationships among them are detailed. These density functions are compared in terms of two quantitative measures, namely the amount of fading and outage probability. A general approach to fading and shadowed fading channels using a cluster based approach is also presented to link several of the distributions. It is expected that this overview will be very helpful to students and educators who are engaged in the study of wireless systems and the adverse impact of fading and shadowing in wireless data transmission.
Effects of water content on the properties of sodium aluminosilicate glasses

Sodium aluminosilicate glasses of the general formula 25Na2O.xAl2O3.(75 –x)SiO2 were prepared with a range of hydroxyl contents. Both the glass transformation and isokom temperatures decrease as the hydroxyl content increases. The magnitude of the decrease in each property is a function of the alumina content of the glass, with the largest effects occurring for the glass containing 25 mol% Al2O3. The magnitude of the effect of water as a function of alumina content reflects the decrease in the concentration of nonbridging oxygens in the glass with increasing Al2O3 content, since the effect of the terminal hydroxyl species on the connectivity of the glass is enhanced by the elimination of nonbridging oxygens. The results indicate that the large effect of water content on the properties of these glasses must be considered when discussing the role of alumina in glasses.
Effects of Cadmium and Mercury on Ovarian Maturation in the Red Swamp Crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Abstract In vivo mercury significantly inhibited ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced ovarian maturation in vivo. Cadmium and mercury inhibited this 5-HT-induced maturation. Ovarian explants incubated with mercury and either brain or muscle demonstrated significant inhibition of [ 14 C]leucine incorporation into ovarian proteins compared to the corresponding groups incubated without mercury. In the absence of mercury the brain, which contains a gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH), induced significantly more incorporation of this amino acid than occurred in the ovaries incubated with muscle. These metals may have exerted their inhibitory effects by directly inhibiting protein synthesis in the ovaries, inhibiting 5-HT-stimulated GSH release, and preventing the ovaries from responding to this hormone.
Implications of Public School Choice for Residential Location Decisions

A growing empirical literature demonstrates the effects of introducing public school choice on housing values. The weakening of the connection between home location and school location has implications for urban and suburban communities. In this article, we contribute to the understanding of how public school choice is related to the residential location decisions of parents. Using a nationally-representative sample, we demonstrate that where public school choice is reported to be available, the probability that parents choose a residence based on the assigned schools is 6.5 percentage points lower. Parents are actively incorporating the option to choose schools into the decision of where to live and report relatively high levels of parental satisfaction with those schools. At the same time, roughly, one out of every eight children engaged in school choice attends a school that was not their family’s first choice and report substantially lower levels of school satisfaction. This mismatch between schools a...
Chronic food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially alter prodynorphin mRNA levels in rat brain regions

It was previously reported that chronic food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes lead to brain region-specific changes in levels of Prodyn-derived peptides. These changes parallel behavioral adaptations that are reversed by opioid antagonists. In the present study, effects of food restriction and diabetes on Prodyn gene expression were measured in rat brain regions using a quantitative solution hybridization mRNA assay. Picogram amounts of Prodyn mRNA were determined in extracts of five brain regions. The highest density of Prodyn mRNA was observed in extracts of nucleus accumbens (4.68 pg/μg total RNA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (4.18 pg/μg), and in caudate nucleus (3.51 pg/μg). Lower levels were observed in the lateral hypothalamus (1.87 pg/μg) and central nucleus of the amygdala (1.22 pg/μg). Food restriction and diabetes both markedly increased the levels of Prodyn mRNA in the central amygdala (163% and 93%, respectively). Levels in the lateral hypothalamus were also increased (35% and 29%, respectively), though only the food-restriction effect was statistically significant. Neither treatment altered prodynorphin mRNA levels in the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results suggest that dynorphin neurons in central amygdala and lateral hypothalamus may be involved in behavioral or physiological adaptations to sustained metabolic need.
2nd SEDI Symposium Held

Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism were the emphasis of the second SEDI (Study of the Earth's Deep Interior) symposium, “Reversals, Secular Variation and Dynamo Theory,” convened by Gary Glatzmaier and Paul Roberts at St. Johns College, Santa Fe, N.Mex., August, 6–10, 1990. The program included sessions on structure of the core and lower mantle and on mineral physics. The organizers and participants of the meeting wish to thank the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics and the Center for Nonlinear Studies at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Center for Earth and Planetary Interiors at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Geophysics Program of the Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation for their support of the symposium. What follows is a condensed summary of some of the highlights of the symposium, compiled by J . Bloxham, M. Brown, J . Cain, D. Fearn, D. Loper, and R. Merrill. A more complete summary is available from David Loper, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute, B-153, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3017.
A novel tool to assess the influence of alloy composition on the oxidation behavior and concurrent oxygen-induced phase transformations for binary Ti–xMo alloys at 650 °C

Abstract To understand the influence of composition on the oxidation of the Ti–Mo system, a combinatorial approach was adopted whereby a compositionally graded specimen, Ti– x Mo (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 12 wt%), was prepared and oxidized at 650 °C. The results show that the scale thickness is independent of the composition and a parabolic law is obeyed in the composition-time domain. An increase in the Mo content degrades the adhesion of the scale by forming a TiO transition layer. Some of the observations including the homogeneous nucleation of β for compositions ∼7.5 wt% Mo in the subsurface region have not been previously reported.
Using Time-of-Flight Measurements for Privacy-Preserving Tracking in a Smart Room

We present a method for real-time person tracking and coarse pose recognition in a smart room using time-of-flight measurements. The time-of-flight images are severely downsampled to preserve the privacy of the occupants and simulate future applications that use single-pixel sensors in “smart” ceiling panels. The tracking algorithms use grayscale morphological image reconstruction to avoid false detections and are designed to not mistakenly detect pieces of furniture as people. A maximum-likelihood estimation method using a simple Markov model was implemented for robust pose classification. We show that the algorithms work effectively even when the sensors are spaced apart by 25 cm, using both real-world experiments and environmental simulation.
Preparation of hydrophilic albumin microspheres using polymeric dispersing agents.

Abstract A new method for preparing glutaraldehyde cross-linked human serum albumin microspheres has been developed. Important aspects of this method include addition of glutaraldehyde in the organic phase and use of concentrated solutions of hydrophobic polymers (polymethylmethacrylate) or hydrophilic polymers (polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer) as dispersion media. Uniform, round, solid, 3-150- μ m hydrophilic microspheres were readily prepared by this process. The average size of microspheres was a function of dispersion time and energy input. Surface properties were altered by chemical modification using either 2-aminoethanol or aminoacetic acid to quench residual aldehyde groups. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and electronic particle size characterization indicate that the process is versatile in producing solid microspheres in a wide size range. Albumin microspheres of this type are readily dispersed in aqueous media for injection, without the need for surfactants.
Pemphigus foliaceus successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil as a steroid-sparing agent

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune blistering disease of unknown origin with antibodies produced against desmoglein 1, an adhesive protein found in the desmosomal cell junction in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. The disease is primarily treated with corticosteroids and corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents. We report a case of pemphigus foliaceus successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil. It remains to be seen whether this agent has a significant effect on the course of the disease and remission induction.
Statistical theory of combinatorial libraries of folding proteins: energetic discrimination of a target structure.

A self-consistent theory is presented that can be used to estimate the number and composition of sequences satisfying a predetermined set of constraints. The theory is formulated so as to examine the features of sequences having a particular value of Δ = Ef − 〈E〉u, where Ef is the energy of sequences when in a target structure and 〈E〉u is an average energy of non-target structures. The theory yields the probabilities wi(α) that each position i in the sequence is occupied by a particular monomer type α. The theory is applied to a simple lattice model of proteins. Excellent agreement is observed between the theory and the results of exact enumerations. The theory provides a quantitative framework for the design and interpretation of combinatorial experiments involving proteins, where a library of amino acid sequences is searched for sequences that fold to a desired structure.
Noninvasive determination of pressure gradients in children: Two methods employing pulsed Doppler echocardiography

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography has been considered poorly suited for high velocity blood flow measurement, because of the problem of signal aliasing. Two methods for reduction of aliasing in a pulsed system were evaluated in an attempt to measure flow velocities characteristic of significant pressure gradients. With the angle correction method, carrier frequency, pulse repetition frequency and intercept angle were manipulated using a commercially available two-dimensional pulsed Doppler system. Forty children undergoing cardiac catheterization were studied. Gradients of 60 to 70 mm Hg were accurately predicted by this method, and gradients above 90 mm Hg were underestimated. Overall correlation (r) value was 0.95. The method is limited primarily by the introduction of potential error in measurement of intercept angle; it is advantageous in that it can be attempted using currently available pulsed Doppler echographic systems. With the multiple sample volume method, pulse repetition frequency was increased through the addition of extra sample volumes. Carrier frequency was minimized and angle correction was not employed. Thirty-nine children underwent cardiac catheterization using a prototype instrument. Excellent agreement between Doppler predictions and actual gradients was found for gradients up to 100 mm Hg (r = 0.99). Although this method requires new instrumentation, it is advantageous in that gradients are accurately predicted and cannot be overestimated. Both methods retain the advantages of pulsed Doppler study for comprehensive flow evaluation and reference their quantitative application within a two-dimensional echographic format. Neither method is simple, and each has been validated only in pediatric subjects.
Square-well model for cohesion in fluidized beds

Cohesive forces are implemented into a discrete-particle, fluidized-bed simulation using a square-well potential. The square-well description treats cohesive interactions as instantaneous, binary events, thereby making it a viable option for the incorporation of cohesion into a kinetic-theory-based continuum model. Cohesive forces are also incorporated into the simulation using the more elaborate Hamaker description of van der Waals forces in order to provide a basis for assessing the square-well model. Both cohesion models are implemented in the discrete-particle framework of the MFIX software package. A mapping method is also developed to convert material-specific Hamaker constants into equivalent square-well parameters. The corresponding results from the two models are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. The predictions of the square-well model are on par with the Hamaker model with respect to mixing level, particle mobility and minimum fluidization velocity. Subtle differences are observed between the two models in cases that involved such high levels of cohesion that the particle bed could not fully fluidize.
Interaction Between Duct Fires and Ventilation Flow: An Experimental Study

Abstract The influence of wood fires in a 0·3 ×0·3 × 10 m duct on forced ventilation flow was studied in a model tunnel network by measuring tunnel gas mass flow rate, velocity, pressure, and temperature. Comparison of these measurements obtained before and during the fires at various ventilation air velocities provides useful information on the interaction between duct fires and ventilation flow in terms of fire throttling effects and reverse flow phenomena. Results show that duct fires essentially increase flow resistances of the passageways of a tunnel network by virtue of volatile fuel mass injection and high combustion temperatures. In the present tunnel network, the flow resistance in the fire zone was increased by a factor of 6, and upstream and downstream of the fire by ∼1·5. The ventilation air velocity was thus throttled to less than half of its initial value before the fire. Reverse flow occurred when the throttled air velocity was ∼0·6 m/s, which corresponds to a Froude number of ∼7 (based on ...
Lactogenic and Somatogenic Hormones Regulate the Expression of Neuropeptide Y and Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript in Rat Insulinoma (INS-1) Cells: Interactions with Glucose and Glucocorticoids

Lactogenic hormones stimulate food intake in rodents, ungulates, and birds. To test the hypothesis that lactogens regulate expression of neuropeptides that control appetite, we used the prolactin (PRL)-responsive rat insulinoma (INS-1) cell line as an experimental paradigm. INS-1 cells express mRNA for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) but little or no agouti-related peptide or proopiomelanocortin. As in the hypothalamus in vivo, the levels of NPY mRNA in INS-1 cells were increased by glucose deprivation. Conversely, high media glucose concentrations (11 mm) reduced the levels of NPY mRNA and increased levels of CART mRNA. Rat PRL stimulated a 4- to 7-fold increase in NPY mRNA in INS-1 cells (P < 0.001) and reduced by 50-80% the levels of CART mRNA (P < 0.001). The effects of PRL on NPY mRNA were time and dose dependent and potentiated by glucose deprivation or exogenous dexamethasone (Dex). Hormonal induction of NPY mRNA was accompanied by increased secretion of NPY peptide into cellular conditioned media. PRL stimulated a 1.8- to 3.5-fold increase in expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which mediates in part the effects of hypoglycemia on NPY expression in the hypothalamus in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity blunted slightly the effects of PRL on NPY and CART but reversed entirely the effects of Dex or of PRL plus Dex on CART mRNA. The effects of PRL on NPY, CART, and AMPK mRNA were mirrored by those of other lactogens and somatogens including placental lactogen and GH. Rat PRL and rat GH in combination had no additive or synergistic effects, suggesting that lactogenic and somatogenic hormones regulate neuropeptide gene expression through similar mechanisms. We conclude that lactogens act in concert with glucose deprivation and glucocorticoids to induce NPY expression and inhibit CART. We speculate that the lactogens facilitate food intake in response to fasting or nutrient deprivation, when glucose levels decline and cortisol levels rise.
Casting the first rock: Some observations on the bestowers and recipients of journal article comments in sociology

This study examines the patterns of evaluation surrounding journal article comments which have appeared in theASR from 1970 through 1979. The data analyzed represent a complete enumeration of the demographic and prestige characteristics of 560 senior authors of articles, and 172 authors of comments written on 138 of the 560 articles published during the decade. Upon comparison, authors whose articles have been commented on are shown to be affiliated with significantly less prestigious institutions, than are authors whose articles have not been commented on. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship is shown to exist between the academic ranks of article authors and comment writers.
Separation reaction of psychiatrically hospitalized children : a pilot study

This paper reports on the development of theChildren's Separation Rating Scale (CSRS), its initial reliability and validity, and clinical/research utility with psychiatrically hospitalized children. The CSRS appears to be a reliable and valid instrument, and useful in distinguishing children's separation reaction from their general programs should address the developmental needs and abilities of the various age groups and the particular deficits reflected in their psychopathology.
THE ‘TRANSITION PROBABILITY MODEL’ AND THE REGULATION OF PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN DIPLOID CELL CULTURES DURING AGING

Genealogies derived from time-lapse cinemicrophotographic studies of aging human diploid cell cultures were analysed in terms of the ‘transition probability’ model. It was found that the distribution of intermitotic times obtained from middle passage cells deviated only slightly from that predicted by the model. In contrast, the plot for late passage cultures did not fit the predicted pattern and appeared to be composed of multiple curves. These changes are discussed in reference to cellular senescence as expressed by normal human diploid cells in vitro.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN WOMEN

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Approaches to diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease in women often differ from those in men. In some instances, these differences are justified by clinical trial and epidemiologic data.
GLP-1 response to a mixed meal: what happens 10 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)?

Background Oral meal consumption increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release which maintains euglycemia by increasing insulin secretion. This effect is exaggerated during short-term follow-up of Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB). We examined the durability of this effect in patient with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) >10 years after RYGB.
A practical application of Katharine Kolcaba's comfort theory to cardiac patients

Nursing approaches to care as based on Katharine Kolcaba's (2003) middle range nursing theory of comfort are discussed in reference to patients' suffering from symptoms related to the discomfort from cardiac syndromes. The specific intervention of "quiet time" is described for its potential use within this population as a comfort measure that addresses Kolcaba's four contexts of comfort: physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural. Without realizing it, many nurses may practice within Kolcaba's theoretical framework to promote patient comfort. Explicit applications of comfort theory can benefit nursing practice. Using comfort theory in research can provide evidence for quiet time intervention with cardiac patients.
Rotationally resolved state-to-state photoelectron study of zirconium monoxide cation (ZrO+)

Using two-colour visible (Vis)–ultraviolet (UV) photoionisation and pulsed field ionisation–photoelectron (PFI–PE) methods, we have obtained cleanly rotationally resolved photoelectron spectra for ZrO+(X 2Δ3/2,5/2; v+ = 0, 1, and 2). The rotation assignment of these state-to-state Vis–UV–PFI–PE spectra has allowed the unambiguous determination of the ground state term symmetry for ZrO+(X) to be 2Δ3/2, and the adiabatic ionisation energy of 90Zr16O, IE(90Zr16O) = 54,948.3(8) cm−1 [6.81272(10) eV]. The symmetry of the ionic ZrO+(X 2Δ3/2) ground state determined here disagrees with that reported in previous experiments. The rotational and vibrational constants determined in this experiment for the ionic 90Zr16O+(X 2Δ3/2) ground state are: Be+ = 0.4343(8) cm−1 and αe+ = 0.0019(5) cm−1, and ωe+ = 991.2(8) cm−1 and ωe+xe+ = 3.5(8) cm−1; and those for the ionic 90Zr16O+(X 2Δ5/2) excited spin-orbit state are: Be+ = 0.4357(6) cm−1 and αe+ = 0.0022(4) cm−1, and ωe+ = 991.9(8) cm−1 and ωe+xe+ = 3.6(8) cm−1, respecti...
Preservation of renal function by adenosine-stimulated ATP synthesis in hypothermically perfused dog kidneys.

Abstract Dog kidneys were hypothermically perfused for 1 to 5 days in the presence or absence of adenosine (5 m M ). Following 1, 3, and 5 days, kidneys were reperfused at normothermia in an isolated perfusion system using a bovine serum albumin containing perfusate and renal function was determined. At the end of normothermic perfusion, kidney cortical slices were removed for biochemical analysis. Kidneys preserved in the presence of adenosine generated much higher concentrations of ATP during normothermic perfusion than kidneys preserved in the absence of adenosine at all time periods studied. In kidneys reperfused (37 °C) after 3 days of preservation, the ATP concentration averaged 9.15 μmol/ g dry wt (+adenosine) vs 4.75 μmol/g dry wt (-adenosine). After 5 days, the average was 12.65 μmol/g dry wt (+ adenosine) vs. 4.00 μmol/g dry wt (-adenosine). The tissue concentration of K − was higher in kidneys perfused in the presence of adenosine for all time periods studied. The presence of adenosine had little effect on the GFR (creatinine clearance) which was reduced by about 90% from control values at both 3 and 5 days of preservation. The primary effect of adenosine on renal function was a greater preservation of the capability of the isolated perfused kidney to reabsorb Na + from the glomerular filtrate. In the absence of adenosine Na + reabsorption was reduced from 97 to 50% whereas in the presence of adenosine was reduced to only 80% after 3 days of preservation. After 5 days of perfusion Na + reabsorption was unaffected by the presence of adenosine and the amount resorbed was only 25–30% of the amount filtered. These results suggest that the adenosine stimulated synthesis of ATP during perfusion preservation of kidneys preserved renal function for up to 3 days. After 5 days of preservation, even in the presence of high tissue concentrations of ATP. renal function is reduced. Thus, long-term kidney preservation requires not only the maintenance of energy metabolism but also preservation of other factors necessary for cell viability that have yet to be described.
Pupillary activity measured by reflected infra-red light

Abstract A simple, reliable and inexpensive device for continuously monitoring pupillary changes is described. It is an improved version of a device first suggested by L. Stark. Infra-red light is transmitted to the iris and reflected back onto the receiver. Consequently, the device is effective only if the eye is immobile. Pupillometer ouput was related linearly to measurements made directly from motion pictures of pupil mobility. Experimental data are presented which demonstrate the stable baseline and minimal noise levels of the pupillometer in a conditioning experiment using paralyzed cats.
Inclusion Confusion: Putting the Pieces Together:

Although inclusive education has been implemented in public schools across the country, there are no universally agreed upon definitions or madels of inclusion, Preservice and inservice teachers enrolled in an inclusion course examined the ethical, educational, and legal considerations related to inclusion. As a major component of the course, students interviewed teachers who taught in inclusive settings to gather information about their perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences relevant to inclusion. This paper provides an analysis of the interview responses, identifies common themes and concerns, and presents implications for teacher preparation programs.
Ecological theory and continental margins: where shallow meets deep

Continental margins, where land becomes ocean and plunges to the deep sea, provide valuable food and energy resources, and perform essential functions such as carbon burial and nutrient cycling. They exhibit remarkably high species and habitat diversity, but this is threatened by our increasing reliance on the resources that margins provide, and by warming, expanding hypoxia and acidification associated with climate change. Continental margin ecosystems, with environments, constituents and processes that differ from those in shallow water, demand a new focus, in which ecological theory and experimental methods are brought to bear on management and conservation practices. Concepts of disturbance, diversity–function relationships, top-down versus bottom-up control, facilitation and meta-dynamics offer a framework for studying fundamental processes and understanding future change.
Disulfiram causes sustained behavioral and biochemical effects in rats

The present experiment examined effects of disulfiram (Antabuse) administration on behavioral measures of nociception (hot plate and tail flick), peripheral muscular performance (grip strength), motivated performance, balance, and coordination (rotorod) in 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats during and 2 wk after an eight-day administration of disulfiram. In addition, peptidylglycine 5(-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) activity in several tissues and levels of alpha-amidated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary were assayed to evaluate biochemical effects of disulfiram. These particular assays were included because it has been reported that disulfiram affects alpha-amidated peptides via alteration of PHM activity. Decrements in all behavioral measures, except tail flick, occurred after one week of disulfiram administration. Decrements in grip strength continued for the 2 wk after cessation of disulfiram. Dose-related reductions in changes in PHM activity and levels of alpha-MSH were found 2 wk after cessation of disulfiram administration. The time course of the results suggest that changes in PHM activity may underlie decrements in grip strength. The present experiment provides a paradigm for further investigations of effects of alpha-amidated peptides on behavior.
Reproducibility and Variability in Neural Spike Trains

To provide information about dynamic sensory stimuli, the pattern of action potentials in spiking neurons must be variable. To ensure reliability these variations must be related, reproducibly, to the stimulus. For H1, a motion-sensitive neuron in the fly's visual system, constant-velocity motion produces irregular spike firing patterns, and spike counts typically have a variance comparable to the mean, for cells in the mammalian cortex. But more natural, time-dependent input signals yield patterns of spikes that are much more reproducible, both in terms of timing and of counting precision. Variability and reproducibility are quantified with ideas from information theory, and measured spike sequences in H1 carry more than twice the amount of information they would if they followed the variance-mean relation seen with constant inputs. Thus, models that may accurately account for the neural response to static stimuli can significantly underestimate the reliability of signal transfer under more natural conditions.
CO/NO and CO/NO/O2 reactions over a Au–Pd single crystal catalyst

Abstract NO reduction by CO was investigated over a AuPd(1 0 0) model catalyst at near atmospheric pressures. The alloy catalyst exhibits higher CO 2 formation rates below ∼550 K than does pure Pd, although the binding energy of NO on the alloy surface is substantially less, i.e., its dissociation tendency is much less, compared with pure Pd. This behavior is rationalized by the fact that the low CO/NO-binding energies with the alloy surface provide a substantial population of empty ensembles for NO dissociation at relatively low temperatures. Moreover, AuPd(1 0 0) catalyzes the CO + NO reaction with much higher N 2 selectivity than does pure Pd. Reaction kinetics data reveal that contiguous Pd sites are essential for NO dissociation. The reaction orders in CO and NO pressures, vastly different from Pd and Rh, are also a consequence of the low-binding energies of CO and NO on the alloy surface. It is also found that low-pressure NO promotes the CO + O 2 reaction via gas-phase NO 2 formation; the latter dissociates to form O (ads) more efficiently than does O 2 below ∼600 K. However, when the NO pressure exceeds a critical value, gas-phase NO 2 causes surface oxidation and thus inhibits CO 2 formation. The current study suggests that AuPd alloys should be superior catalysts compared to traditional catalysts with respect to the “cold start” problem in catalytic automobile pollutant removal.
Team Sports Models as a Generic Organizational Framework

This paper identifies theoretical parallels between Keidel's triadic sports-model framework and several other constructs from the literatures on organization, strategy/planning, structure, and style/culture. It is argued that the sports models as a set offer a potentially unifying conceptual framework, because these models embody generic patterns of part. part and part:whole relations. Three possible relations among triadic elements are identified and found to be reflected in the sports-model framework. Research implications of this framework are discussed.
Noninvasive diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in patients with marfan syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is an uncommon clinical entity. Heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTD), such as Marfan syndrome, are frequently implicated as an underlying cause, due to dural structural weaknesses that predispose patients to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Due to the high prevalence of multi-system disease in HCTD, diagnosis and treatment are often complicated. Case description We present a 58-year-old female with Marfan syndrome on anticoagulation for a mechanical aortic valve replacement who came to medical attention with severe, acute-onset headache following a straining episode. Noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) myelography confirmed thoracic CSF extravasations and multiple lumbar diverticula. The patient was treated conservatively and her symptoms resolved. Conclusion We discuss the common presentation, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for spontaneous CSF leaks in patients with Marfan syndrome or related HCTD with an emphasis on noninvasive modalities and a review of the major radiographic criteria used to diagnose dural abnormalities, such as dural ectasia.
Parent-child relationships in nutrient intake: the Framingham Children's Study

Nutrient intake affects many of the identified risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Although CHD risk factors have been shown to aggregate within families, less is known about the familial aggregation of nutrient intake. We analyzed diet records for an average of 9 d per subject on 87 mothers, 83 fathers, and 91 children aged 3-5 y. A statistically significant but modest correlation (r less than 0.50) was found between parents' and children's intakes for most nutrients. The intake of nutrients was more strongly related between mothers and children than between fathers and children, and there was a stronger association with children's values for parents consuming more meals at home. The results of this study confirm that parents' eating habits have an impact on the nutrient intake of their preschool children; the study furnishes indirect support for dietary-intervention programs targeting families for the primary prevention of CHD.
Starch esterification by reactive extrusion

The objectives of this study were to synthesize starch-fatty acid esters via a reactive extrusion process and to determine the effects of level and chain length of the anhydrides used on the physical properties of the extrudates. Starch esters were synthesized by extruding 70% amylose starch with fatty acid anhydrides and sodium hydroxide (catalyst) in a single screw extruder. Acetic, propionic, heptanoic, and palmitic anhydrides were used at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mol levels to obtain different degrees of substitution (DS) in the starch. Physical properties of the extrudates such as unit and solid density, specific mechanical energy, water absorption, and water solubility indices as well as molecular degradation and DS of the starch were measured. DS increased as the level of anhydride increased. Lower molecular weights and higher levels of anhydride resulted in the greatest reduction in starch molecular weight. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Boundary value problems of the Ginzburg–Landau equations

For a domain Ω in the Euclidean space R d (d=2,3) existence of weak solutions for both interior and exterior Dirichlet boundary value problems of the Ginzburg-Landau equations are established without any restriction on the range of the coupling constant λ, the size of Ω, or the boundary data. For the critical choice λ=1, we prove the existence of confined multivortices in a bounded domain by a constructive monotone iteration method
Oxidation Kinetics of Hot‐Pressed and Sintered α‐SiC

The oxidation kinetics of sintered α- and hot-pressed SiC were investigated over the temperature range 1200° to 1500°C. Oxide thicknesses were measured by ellipsometry, interferometry, and profilometry. The two materials behaved similarly, exhibiting parabolic behavior for short times (up to 100 min) followed by decreasing rates for longer times. The oxidation rates for the sintered material were lower than for the hot-pressed material at all temperatures studied. Apparent activation energies varied with temperature, from 134 to 389 kJ/mol for the sintered alpha material and from 155 to 498 kJ/mol for the hot-pressed variety. Platinum-marker experiments indicated that new oxide is formed at the silicon carbide/ oxide interface. It is proposed that the diffusion of oxidant through the growing oxide film is the rate-controlling process. The details of the oxidation kinetics were complicated by the partial crystallization of the oxide film at higher temperatures, leading to complex paths for transport of oxidant through the film so that the apparent activation energies are difficult to interpret.