cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High resolution studies of electron capture and excitation by 0° projectile electron spectroscopy

Abstract A tandem 45° parallel-plate electron spectrometer has been developed for high resolution electron studies of atomic collision processes using the method of 0° electron spectroscopy. High resolution projectile K-Auger electron spectra have been obtained in a state-selective study of transfer-excitation (TE) and single excitation in collisions of 4.5–33 MeV F6+ with He and H2 targets. A high resolution measurement of 9.5 MeV F7+ with He yielded preliminary information on state-selective capture to the metastable F7+ (1s2s) state. Future plans include studies of Fq+ + T (q: 6−9; T: H2, He, Ne) to determine absolute state-selective cross sections for transfer-excitation, single and double electron capture.
Algebraic Integration Theory

There are a number of important analytical situations in which the approach to an integral through a measure space is unnatural or technically disadvantageous. In fact, we have developed a major part of the theory from the point of view of integration lattices, following the fundamental ideas of Daniell. However, in the examples of integration lattices considered so far, e.g., the real step functions on a basic measure space or the continuous real-valued functions of compact support on a locally compact space, there is another inherent element of structure which in many respects is more important; these particular lattices are also algebras, and there are definite advantages from a broad viewpoint to a formulation of integration theory which starts from a linear functional on an algebra rather than a lattice. This approach to the theory of integration, which might be called the algebraic approach, is not restricted to function algebras alone, arises naturally from the foundations of probability theory, and is explicitly or implicitly indicated in a variety of other situations, e.g., commutative spectral theory in Hilbert space, the theory of integration in infinite-dimensional linear spaces, harmonic analysis on Abelian and more general groups (in particular, the L2 theory), and developments closely paralleling integration theory in the theory of rings of operators.
Matrix hardening behavior and the nucleation stress for persistent slip bands in fatigued monocrystalline copper

Abstract By using the ramp-loading mode of initiating a fatigue test at 34 Hz, Neumann and his coworkers who have used his techniques for about 10 years, have observed that single crystals of copper can be cycled to 32 MPa, i.e. above the regular flow stress for persistent slip bands (PSBs) without forming PSBs. However, Neumann and collaborators from another laboratory have now observed that the nucleation stress for PSBs is noticeably frequency dependent in that a reduction of frequency to a value of 2 Hz after cycling at 34 Hz causes PSBs to form at 32 MPa. In this paper, more experimental results are reported of fatigue tests using ramp-loading starts and different maximum stresses at 2 Hz. The results show that the nucleation stress of PSBs in single crystals of copper lies between 30 and 32 MPa when the crystals are tested at 2 Hz, provided that the tests are started by the ramp-loading mode, which trains the matrix dislocation structure to a higher yield stress. The concept of the “localization yield stress” is defined and used to explain rapid hardening behavior.
Compact Heisenberg manifolds as CR manifolds

Let M be the quotient of the Heisenberg group by a discrete co-compact subgroup, with the natural strongly pseudoconvex CR structure. We identify the eigenvalues and eigenforms of the Kohn Laplacians on M and show how to realize M as the boundary of a bounded domain in a line bundle over an Abelian variety.
Practical approach to initiation of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy and prevention and management of adverse effects.

Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can reverse anemia and improve the quality of life in anemic hemodialysis patients. However, therapy is costly and must be used efficiently. An initial rHuEPO dose less than 50 U/kg intravenously three times weekly may be adequate to achieve a hematocrit of 30–33% in many patients. Acquired iron deficiency is a common problem during rHuEPO therapy and must be prevented with oral and parenteral iron replacement to maintain the efficacy of rHuEPO. Patients should be monitored carefully for additional problems including: an increase in blood pressure; onset of seizures or headaches; increased blood potassium, phosphate, and creatinine concentrations; enhanced coagulability resulting in dialyzer and vascular access clotting; and myalgias with a ‘flu-like’ syndrome.
Development of AChE-positive neuronal projections from basal forebrain to cerebral cortex in organotypic tissue slice cultures.

Abstract Development of the innervation of the cerebral cortex by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-stained basal forebrain neurons was studied in vitro using the roller tube technique. Slice cultures were maintained from 3 days to 4 weeks either in serum based medium or in chemically defined medium, each supplemented in some cases with nerve growth factor (NGF). The distribution of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (CAT)-containing neurons was investigated using histo- and immunocytochemical techniques. Slice cultures of basal forebrain revealed the presence of large and medium sized AChE-positive neurons. Within one week of cultivation, numerous AChE-labeled fibers could be seen growing out from the basal forebrain toward the cortex. After entering cortical tissue most of the afferent basal forebrain fibers projected either radially or obliquely into the cortical layers. Many afferent axons initially also travelled tangentially within the white matter, and turned then to grow into the cortical layers. Cerebral cortex tissue maintained a coarse laminar organization. Ramifications of basal forebrain fibers were visible within the subplate region, the deep and superficial cortical layers, and within the marginal zone; greatest density occured in the subplate region and in marginal zones. Many of these processes exhibited branching patterns markedly similar to those observed during cortical development in vivo. Cortex slices placed with the pial surface adjacent to the basal forebrain revealed AChE-stained fibers that entered the cortical tissue through the marginal surface and gave off ramifications within the superficial layers and, less frequently, the deeper cortical layers. CAT-immunostaining revealed labeled cell bodies and neurites only in the basal forebrain, not in the cortex tissue. Control experiments with co-cultures of basal forebrain and cerebellum slices showed no AChE-positive fiber ingrowth into the cerebellum tissue. The results of these studies demonstrate that basal forebrain projections to cerebral cortex in vitro appear similar to the projections that develop in vivo, and indicate that organotypic co-cultures provide a valuable model for studies of developing cortical afferents.
Child and Adolescent Psychopathy: The Search for Protective Factors

This current article introduces the special issue on child and adolescent psychopathy and the search for protective factors. Although there has been considerable research conducted on psychopathy at the adult level and a surge of research attempting to extend the concept to children and adolescents in the past decade, few studies have attempted to examine factors that might moderate or protect against the development of psychopathy. This special issue focuses on topics relevant to examining potential protective factors within a developmental psychopathology framework. Articles in the special issue are longitudinal and thus allow for the examination of protective factors as they are evidenced in real time. They focus on genetics, peer relations, parental factors, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These studies provide a foundation for examining protective factors and provide the groundwork for future research in this area.
Growth-related Changes in Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate during Progressive Exercise in Children

Although body size and muscle mass increase considerably during growth in children, certain aerobic responses to exercise appear to be regulated so that the delivery of oxygen to muscle is maintained at optimized levels. We proposed that the relationship between oxygen uptake, (VO2) and heart rate (HR) was one of the regulated responses. We further hypothesized that the increase in VO2 per increase in HR during progressive exercise would differ in subjects of different size, but when normalized to body weight would be constant since changes in muscle mass are highly correlated to changes in body mass. To test this, we performed a cross-sectional study of 107 normal children, 50 girls and 57 boys ranging in age from 6 to 17 years. The protocol consisted of a continuously increasing work rate on a cycle ergometer, to the limit of the child's tolerance (ramp forcing function). Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath for the determination of VO2, and heart rate was measured beat-by-beat. We used linear regression techniques to determine M, the slope, and B, the y intercept of the equation: VO2 = M X HR - B. In both boys and girls, M increased significantly with body weight, but when normalized for body weight (M/kg), there was no systematic change with increasing weight or age, the mean value being 0.33 +/- 0.10 ml/min/kg (SD). The mean value for the boys was 0.37 +/- 0.10 which was significantly greater than that of the girls (0.29 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Solid lubrication by decomposition of carbon monoxide and other gases

Abstract Extended duration high temperature (above 500°C) lubrication of silicon nitride sliding and rolling contacts was accomplished by solid carbon deposited and replenished via the decomposition of carbonaceous gas streams directed towards the tribological surfaces. Injection of carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixtures can lead to reductions in high temperature friction and wear of silicon nitride sliding contacts by factors of up to 10 × and 500 × respectively from the unlubricated case. Similar lubrication is attained by various hydrocarbon gas mixtures, while only a ten-fold reduction in wear is attained by a carbon dioxide-hydrogen mixture. Effective lubrication can be modeled as a favorable balance between carbon deposition from the gas phase and removal by wear. This model is based on the dependencies of solid lubricant deposition and removal processes on temperature, sliding speed, normal load, decomposition activation energy, gas flow rate, and tribosystem properties. The model is checked by the mapping of regions where measured friction indicates that lubrication by CO-H2 mixtures is adequate, and the identification of a boundary representing the onset of marginally effective lubrication.
Electrochemiluminescence of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid)aluminum(III) in aqueous solution.

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid)aluminum(III) in aqueous solution is reported. ECL is generated by complexing aluminum ions with the chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HQS) to form Al(HQS)3, followed by oxidation in the presence of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). The ECL intensity peaks a potential corresponding to oxidation of both TPrA and Al(HQS)3, and the ECL emission spectrum (λmax = 499 nm) matches the photoluminescence emission spectrum, indicating that the emission is from a Al(HQS)3* excited state. ECL efficiencies (φecl, photons generated per redox event) of 0.002 using Ru(bpy)32+ (φecl = 1) as relative standard. Conditions for ECL emission were optimized and used to generate a calibration curve that was linear over the 7 × 10-6−4 × 10-4 M (5−281 mg/L (ppm)) range with a theoretical limit of detection of 1 ppm. The ECL of several metal ions other than aluminum with HQS and effects on Al(HQS)3 ECL were also examined.
Structural patterns in Swedish health policy: a 30-year perspective.

This perspective reviews key institutional and organizational patterns in Swedish health care over the last 30 years, probing the roots of several complicated policy questions that concern present-day Swedish decision-makers. It explores in particular the ongoing structural tension between stability, on the one hand, and the necessary levels of innovation and dynamism demanded by the current period of major clinical, technological, economic, social and supranational (EU) change. Where useful, the article compares Swedish developments with those in the other three European Nordic countries as well as other northern European health systems. Sweden’s health sector evolution can provide valuable insight for other countries into the complexity involved in re-thinking tradeoffs between policies that emphasize stability as against those that encourage innovation in health sector governance and provision.
Mechanism of Prolongation of the R-R Interval with Electrical Stimulation of the Carotid Sinus Nerves in Man

To elucidate the mechanism by which stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves prolongs the R-R interval, the effects of activating an implanted carotid sinus nerve stimulator were studied in eight patients at varying levels of background autonomic activity and with varying types of efferent autonomic blockade. Beta-receptor blockade was induced with intravenous propranolol, 0.20 mg/kg, and parasympathetic blockade with intravenous atropine, 0.04 mg/kg. In the supine position, average prolongation of the R-R interval due to stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves was 269 ± 56 msec prior to autonomic blocking drugs, 442 ± 214 msec after propranolol (NS), and 44 ± 13 msec after propranolol and atropine (P < 0.025). Comparable changes were produced in the standing position. With moderate treadmill exercise, stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves prolonged the R-R interval by only 40 ± 30 msec prior to blocking drugs, 62 ± 19 msec after propranolol, and 40 ± 30 msec after propranolol and atropine. It is conclud...
Characterization of Emission Sources in Buildings and HVAC Systems: Quantification and Uncertainty

Emission sources in buildings and HVAC systems must be characterized to assess their contribution to indoor air quality and to determine whether mitigation is needed. In comparison with other source characterization approaches, in situ mass balance techniques have the potential to quantify emissions from specific sources under actual building conditions, thus providing representative results. These techniques utilize flow and concentration measurements taken in the building or the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system from which contaminant fluxes and emissions are computed. However, measurement errors and temporal and spatial variability in observed concentrations and flows may lead to highly uncertain results. This study examines these issues using error propagation techniques, typical concentration and flow uncertainties, models of ventilation systems, and statistical criteria. Results show the required measurement accuracies for various source and building conditions. Steps to improve the ...
Dietary Supplementation with Tocotrienols Enhances Immune Function in C57BL/6 Mice

alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-Toc) enhances T cell function, whereas little is known in this regard for tocotrienols (T3), the less-known members of the vitamin E family. We pair-fed young (4 mo) and old (23 mo) C57BL/6 mice 0.1% Tocomin 50%, a mixture of T3 and alpha-Toc or a control diet containing an equal amount of alpha-Toc for 6 wk. As expected, lymphocyte proliferation was lower in the old mice compared with the young mice. Lymphocyte proliferation in the old T3 group was significantly higher than that in the old control group, whereas no significant difference was found in young mice. Splenocytes from old mice produced less interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 compared with young mice, whereas no significant age-related difference was found in IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma. T3 feeding was associated with a higher IL-1beta production in old mice but not in young mice. Peritoneal macrophages from old mice produced significantly more IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) compared with those from young mice. Mice of both ages fed T3 had higher production of IL-1beta but not PGE(2) or other cytokines. In the in vitro study, splenocytes isolated from young and old mice were supplemented with the purified form of each individual T3 (0.01-10 mumol/L) and mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation was determined. All T3 enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in old but not young mice with a potency order of alpha- > gamma- > delta-T3. Together, these results suggest a beneficial effect of T3 in improving the age-related decline in T cell function.
Experimental Verification of a Large Flexible Manipulator

A large experimental lightweight manipulator would be useful for material handling for welding or for ultrasonic inspection of a large structure such as an airframe. The flexible parallel link mechanism is designed for high rigidity without increasing weight. This constrained system is analyzed by singular value decomposition of the constraint Jacobian matrix. This paper presents a verfication of the modeling using the assumed mode method. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the linearized model are compared to the measured system natural frequencies and their associated mode shapes. The modeling results for large motions are compared to the time response data from the experiments. The hydraulic actuator are also verified.
Relationship formalization and individual and relationship well-being among same-sex couples

Although legal recognition of same-sex relationships has received considerable attention in recent years, we know little about the effects of legal recognition (e.g., domestic partnership) and social recognition (e.g., a public ceremony) on same-sex couples. We conducted an Internet survey of 239 Californians in same-sex relationships, including a randomly selected subsample of individuals from the California Domestic Partnership Registry. Social recognition was associated with life satisfaction and relationship satisfaction, but was unrelated to relationship investments. Legal recognition was associated with investments, but was unrelated to life and relationship satisfaction. In addition, we found some support for the hypothesis that relationship formalization moderates links between gay-related stress (e.g., internalized homophobia) and individual and relationship outcomes.
Automated cleansing for spend analytics

The development of an aggregate view of the procurement spend across an enterprise using transactional data is increasingly becoming a very important and strategic activity. Not only does it provide a complete and accurate picture of what the enterprise is buying and from whom, it also allows it to consolidate suppliers, as well as negotiate better prices. The importance, as well as the complexity, of this cleansing exercise is further magnified by the increasing popularity of Business Transformation Outsourcing (BTO) wherein enterprises are turning over non-core activities, such as indirect procurement, to third parties, who now need to develop an integrated view of spend across multiple enterprises in order to optimize procurement and generate maximum savings. However, the creation of such an integrated view of procurement spend requires the creation of a homogeneous data repository from disparate (heterogeneous) data sources across various geographic and functional organizations throughout the enterprise(s). Such repositories get transactional data from various sources such as invoices, purchase orders, account ledgers. As such, the transactions are not cross-indexed, refer to the same suppliers by different names, and use different ways of representing information about the same commodities. Before an aggregated spend view can be developed, this data needs to be cleansed, primarily to normalize the supplier names and correctly map each transaction to the appropriate commodity code. Commodity mapping, in particular, is made more difficult by the fact that it has to be done on the basis of unstructured text descriptions found in the various data sources. We describe an on-demand system to automatically perform this cleansing activity using techniques from information retrieval and machine learning. Built on standard integration and application infrastructure software, this system provides enterprises with a fast, reliable, accurate and on-demand way of cleansing transactional data and generating an integrated view of spend. This system is currently in the process of being deployed by IBM for use in its BTO practice.
Real-time H/W implementation of the approximate discrete Radon transform

The Radon transform (RT) is a widely studied algorithm used to perform image pattern extraction in fields such as computer graphics, medical imagery, and avionics. Real time implementation of the discrete RT (DRT) is extremely difficult due to its use of complex trigonometric functions and O(N/sup 3/) time complexity, making its use in video applications difficult. A O(N/sup 2/lgN) approximate discrete (ADRT) has been presented in literature (Brady, 1998) that allows highly parallel computation. This paper presents an architecture that uses the ADRT to create a computation architecture known as the xADRT. Performance analysis indicates that it can achieve a refresh rate of 10 frames per second for use in real time image processing applications.
Guidelines for DBMS Selection

Data base management systems are important tools that can be used by application developers to build high quality application systems. The degree of productivity afforded by a particular DBMS depends on the extent to which it is able to satisfy a developer’s needs. This article identifies the major data handling needs of an application developer as implied by the needs of an application system’s end user. The result is a set of criteria for guiding the selection of a DBMS. Each criterion is examined with respect to existing data base management facilities.
The critical role of VEGF in skeletal muscle angiogenesis and blood flow

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is well known as an important molecule in angiogenesis. Its inhibition is pursued as an anticancer therapy; its enhancement as therapy for tissue ischaemia. In the present paper, its role in skeletal muscle is explored, both at rest and after exercise. Muscle VEGF mRNA and protein are increased severalfold after heavy exercise. Whereas global VEGF knockout is embryonically lethal, muscle-specific knockout is not, providing models for studying its functional significance. Its deletion in adult mouse skeletal muscle: (i) reduces muscle capillarity by more than 50%, (ii) decreases exercise endurance time by approximately 80%, and (iii) abolishes the angiogenic response to exercise training. What causes VEGF to increase with exercise is not clear. Despite regulation by HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), increased HIF on exercise, and PO2 falling to single digit values during exercise, muscle-specific HIF knockout does not impair performance or capillarity, leaving many unanswered questions.
Metaproteomic characterization of a soil microbial community following carbon amendment

Abstract Metaproteomics has the potential to transform the study of microbial community functioning in soil. To test this potential, experiments were conducted to characterize the microbial community proteome in (1.) toluene-amended soil and (2.) toluene-amended soil microbial inoculated cultures. A glucose-amended soil was also used as a contrast to the effects of toluene. A total of 47 proteins were identified at a 95% confidence interval. The toluene-amended communities shared many proteins and showed a high degree of similarity to previous studies of toluene impacted bacteria. For example, the microbial communities in the toluene-amended soil and cultures but not the glucose impacted microbial communities, showed the presence of glutamine synthetase (Gln), ABC transporters (e.g. Glt1), extracellular solute-binding proteins, and outer membrane proteins (Omp). These proteins may be upregulated for the purpose of removing toluene from bacterial cells. Toluene-amended cultures also showed the presence of arginine deiminase (ArcA), and cold-shock protein (Csp), while microbial protein from toluene-amended soil showed the presence of the stress proteins superoxide dismutase (SodB) and chaperonin (GroEL). Fatty acid methyl ester analysis indicated that toluene-exposed microorganisms increased the rigidity of their membranes through a 3 to 12× increase in the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the 16S rRNA gene analysis of bacterial communities in the toluene amended soil showed a high degree of dominance, whereby ∼80% of the OTUs were described by representatives most closely related to genus Bacillus, This research has shown that proteomic studies can be used to provide useful descriptions of microbial function in soil.
A novel ultrasound technique to study the biomechanics of the human esophagus in vivo

The objectives of this study were to validate a novel ultrasound technique and to use it to study the circumferential stress-strain properties of the human esophagus in vivo. A manometric catheter equipped with a high-compliance bag and a high-frequency intraluminal ultrasonography probe was used to record esophageal pressure and images. Validation studies were performed in vitro followed by in vivo studies in healthy human subjects. Esophageal distensions were performed with either an isovolumic (5-20 ml of water) or with an isobaric (10-60 mmHg) technique. Sustained distension was also performed for 3 min in each subject. The circumferential wall stress and strain were calculated. In vitro studies indicate that the ultrasound technique can make measurements of the esophageal wall with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The in vivo studies provide the necessary data to compute the Kirchhoff's stress, Green's strain, and Young's elastic modulus during esophageal distensions. The stress-strain relationship revealed a linear shape, the slope of which corresponds to the Young's modulus. During sustained distensions, we found dynamic changes of stress and strain during the period of distension. We describe and validate a novel ultrasound technique that allows measurement of biomechanical properties of the esophagus in vivo in humans.
Tumor formation in a mouse model of colitis associated colon cancer does not require COX-1 or COX-2 expression

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme of prostanoid biosynthesis, plays an important role in both hereditary and spontaneous colon cancer. Individuals with ulcerative colitis are also at high risk for colorectal cancer. To investigate the role of Cox-2 in colitis-associated colon cancer, we subjected Cox-2 luciferase-knock-in mice and Cox-2-knockout mice to a well-known mouse model of colitis-associated cancer in which animals are treated with a single-azoxymethane (AOM) injection followed by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration. Tumors induced by AOM and DSS expressed significantly higher Cox-2 levels when compared with surrounding areas of colon, as detected both by luciferase reporter gene expression driven from the endogenous Cox-2 promoter and by western blotting of COX-2 protein in Cox-2 luciferase heterozygous knock-in mice. Immunofluorescence revealed that tumor stromal fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells express COX-2 protein. In contrast, little COX-2 expression was observed in myofibroblasts or epithelial cells. Despite a significant elevation of COX-2 expression in AOM/DSS-induced colon tumors in wild-type mice, similar tumors developed in AOM/DSS-treated Cox-2(-/-)- and Cox-1(-/-)-knockout mice. These results indicate that cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids are not major players in colitis-associated cancer. In contrast, tumor formation induced by multiple injections of AOM (with no DSS-induced colitis) did not occur in Cox-2(-/-)-knockout mice. Our data suggest that the mechanism of colorectal tumor promotion in colitis-associated cancer differs from the mechanism of tumor promotion for hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer.
Reply to Goldman: Cutting Up the One to Save the Five in Epistemology

I argue that Alvin Goldman has failed to save process reliabilism from my critique in earlier work of consequentialist or teleological epistemic theories. First, Goldman misconstrues the nature of my challenge: two of the cases he discusses I never claimed to be counterexamples to process reliabilism. Second, Goldman's reply to the type of case I actually claimed to be a counterexample to process reliabilism is unsuccessful. He proposes a variety of responses, but all of them either feature an implausible restriction on process types, or fail to rule out cases with the sort of structure that generates the worry, or both.
Reactions controlling heavy metal solubility in soils

Soil chemists have long-recognized that knowledge of the elemental composition of soils is generally of little use in assessing the availability of these elements to plants. An obvious illustration of this principle is the common occurrence of Fe and Mn deficiency in plants despite the relatively high levels of Fe and Mn in many soils. For this reason, chemical soil tests have relied on measurement of extractable or “labile” fractions of elements. Such tests are empirical and provide little basis to relate metal extractability to the chemical forms of the metal in the soil. As soils are increasingly used in our society for purposes other than agriculture, the frequency and extent of soil contamination by toxic metals will increase. Empirical relationships may have to be replaced by a more fundamental understanding of the soil processes controlling metal solubility to prevent practices that could have deleterious effects on soil productivity and environmental quality.
Graphitized hollow carbon spheres and yolk-structured carbon spheres fabricated by metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition

Hard-sphere-templating method has been widely used to synthesize hollow carbon spheres (HCSs), in which the spheres were firstly coated with a carbon precursor, followed by carbonization and core removal. The obtained HCSs are generally amorphous or weakly graphitized (with the help of graphitization catalysts). In this work, we report on the fabrication of graphitized HCSs and yolk–shell Au@HCS nanostructures using a modified templating method, in which smooth, uniform graphene layers were grown on SiO2 spheres or Au@SiO2 nanoparticles via metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane. Our work not only provides a new method to fabricate high-quality, graphitized HCSs but also demonstrates a reliable approach to grow quality graphene on oxide surfaces using CVD without the presence of metal catalysts.
Alterations of lung microbiota in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome are common responses to a variety of infectious and noninfectious insults. We used a mouse model of ALI induced by in...
A Systematic Approach to Some Fundamental Questions of Carbonate Calcification

Our studies of the physiology of carbonate calcification have been organized to address five general questions about the process: 1)what are the sources and forms of dissolved inorganic carbon, 2)what is the role of active transport, 3)what is the role of carbonic anhydrase, 4)how is pH regulated, and 5)what is the role of organic matrix? The studies feature several organisms including coccolithophorids, oysters, freshwater clams, and sea urchin embryos. The results are summarized here and current interpretations presented.
Multifamily Retrofit Project Manager Job/Task Analysis and Report: September 2013

The development of job/task analyses (JTAs) is one of three components of the Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals project and will allow industry to develop training resources, quality assurance protocols, accredited training programs, and professional certifications. The Multifamily Retrofit Project Manager JTA identifies and catalogs all of the tasks performed by multifamily retrofit project managers, as well as the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to perform the identified tasks.
Spending to save--ACOs and the Medicare Shared Savings Program.

Before the ink was dry on the proposed rule spelling out requirements for accountable care organizations (ACOs) under the Medicare Shared Savings Program, the criticism began coming fast and furious, much of it claiming that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) had set the bar way too high. Common themes of the complaints from health care providers were the disadvantages of not knowing ahead of time which Medicare beneficiaries would be attributed to a particular ACO, the fear that the potential savings would be too low in relation to the needed investments, and the concern that the quality . . .
Complexes of tribenzylarsine oxide—I: Complexes with first row transition metals

Abstract High spin tribenzylarsine oxide (L) complexes of manganese(II), cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc of formula types ML2X2, ML3X2 and ML4X2 (where X may be Cl, Br, I, NO3 or ClO4 and M is one of the above metals) have been isolated. With the exception of CuL3Br2, the halide complexes have the type formula ML2X2. With the exception of CuL2(NO3)2, the nitrate complexes have the type formula ML3X2 and the perchlorate complexes are of the ML4X2 type. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that in acetonitrile solution the ML4(ClO4)2 complexes are 1:2 electrolytes, the [ML3NO3]NO3 complexes are 1:1 electrolytes and with the possible sxception of CuL2(NO3)2, the remainder of the compounds are weak electrolytes. The visible spectra of the cobalt complexes are consistent with spectra reported for tetrahedral cobalt(II), but like other triorganoarsine and triorganophosphine oxide complexes, the magnetic moments are higher than those usually found for tetrahedral cobalt(II).
Contributions to the mathematical biology of excitation with particular emphasis on changes in membrane permeability and on threshold phenomena

Simple chemical reactions of Ca++ and K+ ions with a P− ion in a membrane are assumed to be causes of changes in permeability of that membrane to K+ ions. On the basis of such a mechanism a quantative concept of membrane permeability to K+ ions is defined. The diffusion of K+ ions through such a membrane is studied mathematically in a simplified version. An applied electrical field as well as the diffusion potential of the K+ ions are considered to effect the chemical equilibrium constants of the proposed reactions. It is shown that such a system, which can be described by a set of nonlinear differential equations, may have two stable states of equilibrium which are separated by an unstable equilibrium state. As a consequence, such a system may possess a threshold. Estimations of resting potential, threshold—electrical as well as chemical—and of permeability increase, together with that of the corresponding electrical field strength are shown to have the correct order of magnitude. A possible way to derive the one-factor theory from a physical mechanism as considered here is outlined. It is pointed out that the dependence of the thresholds and the permeability changes on several parameters might be calculated on the basis of such a mechanism. As an example it is shown how in principle some of these relations are derived. Furthermore, the time course of excitatory disturbance for different intensities of the initial disturbance are derived theoretically for the case of chemical stimulation. The curves so obtained show a striking similarity in all the characteristic features with the corresponding ones which are obtained experimentally for the case of electrical stimulation of nerve. These results suggest that response to electrical and chemical stimulation is based on a common threshold phenomenon such as considered here. Finally, a more detailed mathematical description, which takes into account explicitly the diffusion of K+ ions through the membrane for a finite thickness of the membrane is outlined. The equations obtained, which seem to be infeasible of solution at the present time, suggest that it is plausible that relaxation oscillations with a threshold can be derived on the basis of such a mechanism as proposed here. Qualitative agreement with experimental evidence is indicated.
Speculations regarding the history of Donum Vitae.

KIE: In March 1987, the Vatican published Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation, also known as Donum Vitae. Prepared by the Roman Catholic Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Donum Vitae is intended as a magisterial teaching document that invites further reflection on the relationship between natural moral law and reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. To aid it in its work, the CDF consulted anonymous religious and lay experts in the fields of moral theology, genetics, biology, medicine, and physiology. Harvey speculates on the history of Donum Vitae's preparation, particularly as to the identities of the individuals whom the CDF consulted. He raises the possibility of a biased consultation process, one that called upon moral theologians whose views would be known to support pre-established conclusions.
Cross Protection Between a Plant Virus and Potato Psyllid Yellows

When nymphs of Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc) fed upon potato plants infected with Nebraska haywire virus (= tomato big bud virus), they were unable to induce psyllid yellows in healthy potato plants grown at 10–17°C. Under the same conditions potato plants infested with nymphs from stock culture exhibited typical symptoms of psyllid yellows. The weight of the evidence indicates that psyllid yellows is a plant toxemia caused by a toxicogenic insect. The potato psyllid was not a vector of Nebraska haywire virus.
Researches on Surrogate Model Calculating RCS Based on Partial Orthogonal Polynomials

It is so difficult to calculate the RCS of electric large object by current numerical methods that the methods can’t be used to optimization designs effectively.Therefore,a surrogate model based on partial orthogonal polynomials was constructed to calculate the RCS in this paper.The result showed the surrogate model is precise enough for engineering.
Neighborhood Walkability and Adiposity in the Women’s Health Initiative Cohort

Introduction Neighborhood environments may play a role in the rising prevalence of obesity among older adults. However, research on built environmental correlates of obesity in this age group is limited. The current study aimed to explore associations of Walk Score, a validated measure of neighborhood walkability, with BMI and waist circumference in a large, diverse sample of older women. Methods This study linked cross-sectional data on 6,526 older postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study (2012–2013) to Walk Scores for each participant's address (collected in 2012). Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations of BMI and waist circumference with continuous and categorical Walk Score measures. Secondary analyses examined whether these relationships could be explained by walking expenditure or total physical activity. All analyses were conducted in 2015. Results Higher Walk Score was not associated with BMI or overall obesity after adjustment for sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. However, participants in highly walkable areas had significantly lower odds of abdominal obesity (waist circumference >88 cm) as compared with those in less walkable locations. Observed associations between walkability and adiposity were partly explained by walking expenditure. Conclusions Findings suggest that neighborhood walkability is linked to abdominal adiposity, as measured by waist circumference, among older women and provide support for future longitudinal research on associations between Walk Score and adiposity in this population.
Localization and operative management of undescended parathyroid adenomas in patients with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism

BACKGROUND: Between 5% and 10% of patients who undergo cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism will have persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Many of these patients have parathyroid tumors in unusual locations. One such site of ectopic parathyroid tissue is an undescended parathyroid adenoma at or superior to the carotid bifurcation. We describe our experience with the preoperative localization and surgical management of undescended parathyroid adenomas. METHODS: From 1982 to 1993 a consecutive series of 255 patients have undergone localization studies and surgical exploration for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Operative strategy was determined by review of the patient's surgical history, disease reports, and data from localizing studies. Patients with an undescended parathyroid adenoma identified before the operation were examined with a direct approach high in the neck. Patients who did not have definitive preoperative localization were explored with the previous transverse cervical incision. RESULTS: Seventeen undescended parathyroid adenomas were identified in 255 patients. Thirteen (76%) of 17 patients had an undescended parathyroid adenoma precisely localized before the operation and were examined via a limited, oblique incision high in the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. In the 13 patients who had undergone accurate localization before the operation, the median operative time was 75 minutes compared with 235 minutes for four patients who did not have an undescended parathyroid adenoma identified before the operation and were examined via a previous transverse cervical incision. All patients were cured of their hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: Undescended parathyroid adenomas were the cause of failed cervical exploration in 17 (7%) of 255 patients. Accurate preoperative localization of these lesions is possible in most cases with a combination of noninvasive and invasive modalities. Successful preoperative localization can convert a prolonged exploration of the neck and mediastinum into a brief, curative procedure with minimal morbidity.
Taxonomy and geographic distribution of Carex lucorum var. austrolucorum (section Acrocystis , Cyperaceae)

Carex lucorum currently comprises two morphologically similar varieties. We revise the taxonomy of C. lucorum, and map the distribution of the taxa. Based on multivariate analyses and analyses of variance of measured characters, allopatry, and previous studies revealing differences in achene micromorphology, chromosome differences, and flavonoid chemistry, we elevate C. lucorum var. austrolucorum to species status as C. austrolucorum. We provide an identification key to C. lucorum and its closest relatives.
The Three Year Adjournment

So ended the negotiaons in London, not with a bang, nor yet with a whimper. They were not to be resumed for over three years (a significant lapse of time which has awakened little interest in English scholars,1 either as to the cause of the lapse or the cause of its ending) although of course to the participants, expecting to reassemble in October, this future could not then be read. The Dutch plenipotentiaries summarized their views of the proceedings in a dispatch dated 9 August 1820, Unaware that Canning’s first offer of 22 July (see above pp. 91–92) was to turn out to have been their last chance to remove the English from Singapore, Fagel and Elout expressed satisfaction with the English note. They were pleased with the acknowledgement that Van der Capellen’s letter had “made an impression” and observed that the explicit disavowals of Raffles’ enterprises at Padang and in the Lampongs “have now placed our right in these parts beyond all question.” They would have preferred a more forthright repudiation of English actions at Palembang, but were happy to be able to take the opportunity, in their note of response, to accept this as adequate, pointing out to their government that the draft of the English note had initially reserved future discussion concerning the pro-British claimant to Palembang and that they had succeeded in having this reservation struck out. Mention in the
Do Your School Mates Influence How Long You Game? Evidence from the U.S.

The goal of this paper is to estimate peer influence in video gaming time among adolescents. Using a nationally representative sample of the U.S. school-aged adolescents in 2009–2010, we estimate a structural model that accounts for the potential biases in the estimate of the peer effect. Our peer group is exogenously assigned and includes one year older adolescents in the same school grade as the respondent. The peer measure is based on peers’ own reports of video gaming time. We find that an additional one hour of playing video games per week by older grade-mates results in .47 hours increase in video gaming time by male responders. We do not find significant peer effect among female responders. Effective policies aimed at influencing the time that adolescents spend video gaming should take these findings into account.
The Context of Paris: The MDGs and the SDGs

In 2000, the eight international Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted and considerable progress was made to advance them until 2015, the year they expired, or more correctly put, were reshaped when more ambitious targets – the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – were adopted. Like the MDGs, the SDGs address human rights concerns, such as ending hunger and improving nutrition, as well as highlighting the necessity of promoting development of poor countries. The SDG Summit was held in September 2016 and the Paris conference on climate change in December 2016. This provided the opportunity to include climate goals in the SDGs and to highlight sustainability in the Paris Agreement.
Targeting EEG/LFP Synchrony with Neural Nets

We consider the analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) and Local Field Potential (LFP) datasets, which are “big” in terms of the size of recorded data but rarely have sufficient labels required to train complex models (e.g., conventional deep learning methods). Furthermore, in many scientific applications, the goal is to be able to understand the underlying features related to the classification, which prohibits the blind application of deep networks. This motivates the development of a new model based on {\em parameterized} convolutional filters guided by previous neuroscience research; the filters learn relevant frequency bands while targeting synchrony, which are frequency-specific power and phase correlations between electrodes. This results in a highly expressive convolutional neural network with only a few hundred parameters, applicable to smaller datasets. The proposed approach is demonstrated to yield competitive (often state-of-the-art) predictive performance during our empirical tests while yielding interpretable features. Furthermore, a Gaussian process adapter is developed to combine analysis over distinct electrode layouts, allowing the joint processing of multiple datasets to address overfitting and improve generalizability. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively tracks neural dynamics on children in a clinical trial on Autism Spectrum Disorder.