cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of pulsatile versus continuous follicle-stimulating hormone delivery on the production of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphates and the accumulation of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme mRNA in perifused porcine granulosa cells.

Although administration of FSH to porcine granulosa cells in static primary cultures increased accumulation of cAMP in the culture medium and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (SCC) mRNA in the cells, the importance of the physiologically pulsatile pattern of FSH secretion in regulating the expression of specific genes required for ovarian steroidogenesis is unknown. To evaluate the impact of the mode of FSH delivery on ovarian target cell responses, we examined cAMP production and SCC mRNA accumulation in granulosa cells perifused with continuous or pulsatile FSH stimuli. Porcine granulosa cells were plated onto Cytodex 3 microcarrier beads, placed into perifusion columns, and perifused at 25 or 37°C with 190 μl/min Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) or MEM containing 100 ng/ml ovine (o) FSH delivered continuously, or 100 or 600 ng/ml oFSH delivered in 15-min pulses every 90 or 180 min. After perifusion, total RNA was isolated from granulosa cells for Northern analysis of specific SCC mRNA normalized to the constitutively expressed cyclophilin mRNA. Cyclic AMP in control columns remained basal throughout the perifusion. In contrast, cAMP increased 10- to 15-fold within 30-50 min of the onset of tonic FSH delivery. This increase in cAMP was maintained at 25°C, but gradually decreased to a 2-fold increase in columns perifused at 37°C. Release of cAMP increased 5- to 7-fold in response to 100 ng/ml oFSH pulses given at 90 or 180 min intervals, and 15- to 20-fold in response to 600 ng/ml oFSH pulses, and decreased to near control levels between FSH pulses. The magnitude of the cAMP response to successive pulses was maintained at 25°C, but diminished at 37°C such that the final pulse of FSH resulted in a 2-fold increase in cAMP. Tonic oFSH delivery and 90-min pulses of 100 ng/ml oFSH both increased SCC mRNA (1.9- and 2.1-fold, respectively ; p < 0.05). Pulses of 100 ng/ml oFSH given every 180 min, or 600 ng/ml given every 90 or 180 min did not increase SCC mRNA (p 0.1). These data indicate that SCC mRNA can be increased by both continuous delivery and frequent (90 mini pulses of a low dosage of FSH, but not by relatively infrequent (180 mini pulses of FSH, or high dosages of FSH at either pulse frequency. Thus, up-regulation of SCC mRNA in granulosa cells appears to be dependent on both the amplitude (concentration) and frequency of FSH exposure. Furthermore, treatments that increased the accumulation of SCC mRNA similarly evoked widely differing temporal patterns of cAMP production, suggesting a dissociation between the time course and/or amount of cAMP generated, and the ability of FSH to increase SCC mRNA accumulation. We conclude that both continuous FSH delivery and an appropriate temporal pattern and concentration of pulsatile FSH delivery to granulosa cells can induce expression of SCC mRNA despite widely differing cAMP signals.
Teaching Algorithm Development Skills

The ability to design an algorithm for a given problem is one of the most important, and unfortunately one of the most difficult to accomplish, learning outcomes of computer science courses. We developed a Web-based algorithm development tutor called AlgoTutor to help student learn algorithm development skills. It has previously been shown [13] that students who use AlgoTutor are significantly more likely to think that algorithm design prior to coding is important and to have confidence in their own ability to design an algorithm. From follow up studies, we have found that students who have used AlgoTutor in introductory computer science classes are not only more confident in their ability to design an algorithm, but also more likely to design a correct algorithm than those who have not used AlgoTutor. Additionally, we show that the course management utility for the AlgoTutor system can be used to investigate questions about factors that influence student learning. Based on our findings, we made the AlgoTutor system more effective tutoring tool.
Recovery of Crack‐Tip Transformation Zones in Zirconia After High‐Temperature Annealing

This paper reports that annealing at temperatures between 500{degrees} and 1000{degrees}C reverses the stress-induced tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in precipitates within crack-tip zones in MgO-partially-stabilized ZrO{sub 2} (Mg-PSZ). The stability of such reverse-transformed tetragonal precipitates during subsequent room-temperature aging has been examined using Raman spectroscopy, surface displacement measurements, and crack-opening measurements. Partial spontaneous retransformation of material within the original zone from tetragonal-to-monoclinic symmetry occurred over periods of several months.
Reply to Adam Phillips

(1995). Reply to Adam Phillips. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: Vol. 5, Symposium on Sexuality/Sexualities, pp. 189-193.
Reversibility of Heparin Inhibition of the Antibacterial Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Lysosomal Proteins

Abstract Inhibition of antibacterial activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytic lysosomal cationic proteins by a polyanion, heparin, can be reversed by addition of the basic nuclear protein, clupeine.
Urine trouble without cranberries

une, 18 years ago, I was standing on the front lawn of the in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery that J First Baptist Church in Augusta, GA, having just recited the Hippocratic Oath as part of graduation ceremonies. My brother, having also just graduated from a different medical school asks me, “So what do you think you can actually treat?” My reply belies reality. “I guess I could treat a UTI.” For many medical professionals, a urinary tract infection (UTI) is simple. Throw some antibiotic at the problem and it will go away. Simple things, however, do not often remain so simple with improved understanding. UTIs are a problem. About 20% of the US population (with >80% of that number being women) will have at least 1 UTI during their lifetime. Millions of office visits and dollars are spent on the problem with the therapies in many cases spawning new problems and more spending. The issue is particularly vexing in the context of gynecologic surgery. The most common complication of pelvic floor surgery is UTI. In the randomized Stress Incontinence Surgical Treatment Efficacy trial that compared Burch colposuspension to autologous fascial sling in women with stress urinary incontinence, 48% of women in the sling group and 32% women in the Burch group reported UTI within the first 24 months of follow-up. Among women pursuing obliterative surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, 45% had UTI within 3 months of surgery. Given the morbidity, and in some cases mortalityeapproximately 13,000 deaths attributable to UTI occur annually in the United Statesefinding an effective prophylaxis is a worthy goal. Unfortunately, trials of UTI prophylaxis in the context of female pelvic floor surgery arrive at opposite conclusions. In a multicentered, randomized trial comparing nitrofurantoin to placebo among women with a suprapubic tube following pelvic floor surgery, antibiotics decreased UTI incidence. Similarly, a randomized placebo-controlled trial with nitrofurantoin among women undergoing a midurethral sling also concluded that antibiotics decreased UTI incidence in this high-risk context. In contrast, a recent randomized trial
Antecedents and outcomes of employee perceptions of intra‐organizational mobility channels

Summary Employees' beliefs about how promotions are awarded within their organizations can have important consequences. We conducted two studies that focus on perceptions of the criteria used to make promotion decisions. In Study 1, we identified two types of perceived promotion criteria, performance-based and nonperformance-based. Then we use justice and social exchange theories to develop a model linking employee perceptions of promotion criteria to performance via their relationships with promotional justice and organizational commitment. In a sample of 305 employee–supervisor pairs, we found that both promotional justice and organizational commitment mediated between perceptions of promotion criteria and supervisor rated in-role and extra-role performance, and that having received a promotion in the past predicted attributions that promotions were based relatively more on performance or nonperformance criteria. Study 2 further examined the role of promotions themselves in the formation of perceptions of promotion criteria. Drawing from image and attribution theories, we hypothesized that the relationship between having received a promotion or not and perceptions of promotion criteria depends on ego defensiveness. In a sample of 145 employees, we found that those who scored high on ego defensiveness and who had not been promoted were especially likely to attribute promotion decisions to nonperformance criteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic analyses and the fossil record: tests and inferences, hypotheses and models

Abstract Tree-based paleobiological studies use inferred phylogenies as models to test hypotheses about macroevolution and the quality of the fossil record. Such studies raise two concerns. The first is how model trees might bias results. The second is testing hypotheses about parameters that affect tree inference. Bias introduced by model trees is explored for tree-based assessments of the quality of the fossil record. Several nuisance parameters affect tree-based metrics, including consistency of sampling probability, rates of speciation/extinction, patterns of speciation, applied taxonomic philosophy, and assumed taxonomy. The first two factors affect probabilistic assessments of sampling, but also can be tested and accommodated in sophisticated probability tests. However, the final three parameters (and the assumption of a correct phylogeny) do not affect probabilistic assessments. Often paleobiologists wish to test hypotheses such as rates of character change or rates of preservation. Assumptions abo...
3D IC Technology: the Perfect Storm

IC technology, which has traditionally been dominated by dimensional scaling, is facing several technical and economic hurdles as it moves forward. Low K insulation has not been able to meet performance projections, copper traces are becoming more and more resistive, clock rates have been constrained due to thermal issues and multicore processors are demanding major increases in bandwidth and decreases in latency. Economic constraints will also begin limiting the number of IC companies able to develop leading-edge IC designs. Moving past 45 nm digital CMOS scaling will no longer guarantee lower cost and higher performance. All of these issues have crated a “perfect storm scenario” for the widespread adoption of 3D IC technology.
Decreased Pregnane X Receptor Expression in Children with Active Crohn’s Disease

Expression of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been reported to be decreased in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To investigate the differential expression of PXR in children with Crohn's disease, a type of IBD, RNA was extracted from archived intestinal biopsies from 18 children with Crohn's disease (CD) and 12 age- and sex-matched controls (aged 7-17yrs). The aim of this investigation was to compare the relative mRNA expression of PXR, cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and villin 1 (VIL1) (a marker of epithelial cell integrity) in the inflamed terminal ileum (TI) versus noninflamed duodenum of children with CD. Relative expression was determined via reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, data normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and differences in gene expression explored via paired t tests. PXR expression was decreased in the inflamed TI versus noninflamed duodenum (TI = 1.88 ± 0.89 versus duodenum = 2.5 ± 0.67; P < 0.001) in CD, but not controls (TI = 2.11 ± 0.41 versus duodenum = 2.26 ± 0.61; P = 0.52). CYP3A4 expression was decreased in CD (TI = -0.89 ± 3.11 versus duodenum = 1.90 ± 2.29; P < 0.05), but not controls (TI = 2.46 ± 0.51 versus duodenum = 2.60 ± 0.60; P = 0.61), as was VIL1 (CD TI = 3.80 ± 0.94 versus duodenum = 4.61 ± 0.52; P < 0.001; controls TI = 4.30 ± 0.35 versus duodenum = 4.47 ± 0.40; P = 0.29). PXR expression correlated with VIL1 (r = 0.78, P = 0.01) and CYP3A4 (r = 0.52, P = 0.01) expression. In conclusion, PXR, CYP3A4, and VIL1 expression was decreased only in the actively inflamed small intestinal tissue in children with CD. Our findings suggest that inflammation has the potential to influence expression of genes, and potentially intestinal proteins, important to drug disposition and response. The observed differential patterns of gene expression support further investigation of the role of PXR in the pathogenesis and/or treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease.
Antibody to rhinovirus in human sera. II. Heterotypic responses.

SummarySerum specimens were obtained from 23 male volunteers prior to and after inoculation with one of four rhinovirus serotypes and were tested for the presence of heterotypic antibody responses to seven distinct rhinovirus serotypes as well as for homotypic responses. Twenty-one of 23 volunteers developed eightfold or greater rises in homotypic antibody following infection. Heterotypic antibody to each rhinovirus type was present in 83-100% of preinoculation sera. Volunteers infected with rhinovirus types 13 and 16 developed significant increases in mean heterotypic antibody titers, whereas volunteers infected with rhinovirus types 14 or 15 showed negligible changes in mean titers of heterotypic antibody. There was a tendency for the heterotypic antibody rises to occur for those serotypes with the highest preexisting antibody. In addition, it was shown that the heterotypic antibody response was not related to the magnitude of homotypic antibody response.
Pregnancy outcomes after myomectomy with polytetrafluoroethylene placement.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report preliminary data on pregnancy outcomes after myomectomy with placement of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene adhesion barrier membrane. METHODS In this retrospective case series, 68 women who underwent myomectomy with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane placement between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009, were identified. Of these women, 15 subsequently had documented pregnancies and were included in the final dataset. RESULTS Eighteen pregnancies were documented among 15 women. There were no reported cases of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or uterine rupture. CONCLUSION In this case series, there were no documented cases of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or uterine rupture after myomectomy with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane placement.
Statistical modeling of seismic reflectivities comparing Lévy stable and Gaussian mixture distributions

The goal of this work is to compare statistical modeling of seismic reflectivities using two heavy-tailed models: Levy stable distributions and Gaussian mixture distributions. Distributions of various parameters, such as reflectivities are required inputs for many Monte Carlo simulations in statistical rock physics analyses for reservoir characterizations as well as formulating seismic inverse problem with non-Gaussian priors. Gaussian mixture models can provide an equally good fit to heavy-tailed reflectivity data as stable distributions, but with a larger number of fitting parameters. Monte Carlo simulations from stable distributions have a tendency to have more extreme outliers than simulations from Gaussian mixture models. Hence problems related to non-physical values, infinite moments, and ad-hoc fixes (truncation, deletion, etc.) tend to occur more often with stable distributions than Gaussian mixture models simulations
Optimization research on non-smooth surface of bionic diamond bit

The bionic unit diameter and arrangement are researched to probe into the optimal bionic nonsmooth surface shape.Four bionic samples were designed and manufactured.After sintering,the abrasion ratios of the four bionic samples are tested.Results show that the abrasion ratio of B2and B3 are higher than that of B1and B4,and the abrasion ratio of B3is highest,2%higher than that of B2.It is concluded that the optimal diameter of bionic unit is 2.0mm.Then such bionic units are prepared and arranged on the crown of drilling bits,with which drilling tests are made.Results show that property of bionic units does not show advantages,such as higher drilling efficiency and longer work life,over the normal ones unless they are arranged in a reasonable range.For example,when the radial angle is 24°or 30°,performance of the bits is largely enhanced.
Traumatic spondyloptosis at the cervico-thoracic junction without neurological deficits

Background: There have been rare cases of traumatic cervical spondyloptosis without neurological compromise. We report another case and provide a review of the literature, with a focus on appropriate management.
Effect of diet composition and feed intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal metabolism in growing lambs.

Lambs (29 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed three diets at various intakes to determine whether diet composition or level of intake was reflected in changes in diet digestibility or ruminal fluid characteristics. In Exp. 1, a 90% concentrated, pelleted diet or a whole shelled corn diet with a pelleted protein supplement was fed at three levels of intake: ad libitum and 92.5 and 85% of ad libitum (n = 15). Exp. 2 compared the 90% concentrate diet with diets in which the energy density was diluted to 55 or 72.5% concentrate by including alfalfa hay as a possible method of restricting energy intake (n = 6). Lambs were adapted to diets for 13 d; feces were collected for 6 d and ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, and 6 h after feeding on the day following fecal collection. Restricting intake in Exp. 1 did not affect DM digestibility or digestibility of CP or starch. Digestibility of ADF was increased (P less than .10) by restricting intake. Ruminal fluid pH, ammonia concentration and VFA concentrations were affected little by either restricted intake level. Digestibility of DM was 4% higher (P less than .001) and starch 5% higher (P less than .001) for the whole shelled corn diet than for the pelleted, high-concentrate diet. Ruminal pH of lambs fed the whole shelled corn diet was higher and fluctuated less than the ruminal pH of lambs fed the high-concentrate, pelleted diet. In Exp. 2, diet digestibility was reduced (P less than .01) and ruminal pH was increased (P less than .002) by addition of hay. Restricted feeding of lambs did not seem to increase diet digestibility or alter ruminal conditions.
The Importance of 2 mm and 2 degrees in Total Knee Balancing

The purpose of balancing in total knee surgery is to achieve smooth tracking of the knee over a full range of flexion without excessive looseness or tightness on either the lateral or medial sides. Balancing is controlled by the alignment of the bone cuts, the soft tissue envelope, and the constraint of the total knee. Recently, Instrumented Tibial Trials (OrthoSensor) which measure and display the location and magnitude of the forces on the lateral and medial condyles, have been introduced, offering the possibly of predictive and quantitative balancing. This paper presents the results of experiments on 10 lower limb specimens, where the effects of altering the bone cuts or the femoral component size were measured. A special leg mounting rig was fixed to a standard operating table. A boot was strapped to the foot, and the boot tracked along a horizontal rail to allow flexion-extension. The initial bone cuts were carried out by measured resection using a navigation system. The trial femoral component and the instrumented tibial trial were inserted, and the following tests carried out: Sag Test; foot lifted up, the trial thickness chosen to produce zero flexion. Heel Push Test; heel moved towards body to maximum flexion. Varus-Valgus Test, AP and IXR Tests were also carried out, but not discussed here. For an initial state of the knee, close to balanced, the lateral and medial contact forces were recorded for the full flexion range. The mean value of the contact forces per condyle was 77.4N, the mean in early flexion (0–60 deg) was 94.2N, and the mean in late flexion (60–120 deg) was 55.7N. The difference was due to the effect of the weight of the leg. One of the following Surgical Variables was then implemented, and the contact forces again recorded. 1.Distal femoral cut; 2 mm resection (2 mm increase in insert thickness to preserve extension) 2.Tibial frontal varus, 2 mm lateral stuffing 3.Tibial frontal valgus, 2 mm medial stuffing 4.Tibial slope angle increase (5 deg baseline); +2 degrees 5.Tibial slope angle decrease (5 deg baseline); −2 degrees 6.Increase in AP size of femoral component (3 mm) The differences between the condyle force readings before and after the Surgical Variable were calculated for low and high angular ranges. The mean values for the 10 knees of the differences of the above Surgical Variables from the initial balanced state are shown in the chart. From literature data, the mean tension increase in one collateral ligament is close to 25N/mm up to the toe of the load-elongation graph, and 50N/mm after the toe. Hence in the initial balanced state, the collateral ligaments were elongated by 2–4 mm producing pretension. From the Surgical Variables data, up to 2 mm/2 deg change in bone cuts (or 3 mm femcom change), and collateral ligament releases up to 2 mm, would correct from any unbalanced state to a balanced state. This data provides useful guidelines for the use of the Instrumented Tibial Trials at surgery, in terms of bone cut adjustments and ligament releases.
Linking Metabolic Dysfunction to Atherosclerosis Via Activation of Macrophage CD36 Gene Transcription by Retinol Binding Protein-4.

Article, see p 1339 Differentiation of intimal macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells is a sine qua non of atherogenesis at all stages of plaque development, but atherogenesis remains an incompletely understood process. Many factors contribute to foam cell formation within the developing atheroma, but ultimately, an imbalance between uptake of cholesterol from modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (eg, oxidized or aggregated LDL particles) via pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system such as CD36 and efflux of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein or apolipoprotein A via ABC family transporters is the driving force. Circulating levels of retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4), a plasma retinol transporter and adipokine, were found >10 years ago1 by Barbara Kahn’s laboratory to correlate with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome; subsequent studies showed associations of RBP4 with cardiovascular disease.2 The Kahn laboratory later showed that RBP4 …
Cranial Ultrasound and MRI in Preterm Infants

Cranial ultrasound (cUS) and conventional MRI, performed on the same day at term age, were compared in a population-based cohort of 72 extremely low gestational age (ELGA) infants (below 27 weeks) in a study at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Inference Gaps in Moral Assessment and the Moral Agency of Health Care Organizations

In the rough draft of the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson wrote in justifying revolution against the English King: He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them by murdering the people on whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another. (Jefferson, 1950, p. 426)
Procedural Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report From the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry)

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to describe contemporary frequency, predictors, and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the United States. Background CTO PCI can provide significant clinical benefits, yet there is limited information on its success and safety in unselected patient populations. Methods We analyzed the frequency and outcomes of CTO PCI compared with non-CTO PCI in elective patients, and of successful versus failed CTO PCI between July 1, 2009, and March 31, 2013, in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression modeling was used to generate independent variables associated with procedural success and procedural complications. Results During the study period, CTO PCI represented 3.8% of the total PCI volume for stable coronary artery disease (22,365 of 594,510). Overall, patients undergoing CTO PCI required greater contrast volume and longer fluoroscopy time and had lower procedural success (59% vs. 96%, p Conclusions CTO PCI is currently performed infrequently in the United States for stable coronary artery disease and is associated with lower procedural success and higher complication rates compared with non-CTO PCI. Procedural success was associated with several patient factors and operator experience.
Youth Work, Informal Education, and Spirituality

Informal educators work in a range of youth and community work settings and seek to facilitate experiential learning through developing conversations, opportunities, environments, activities, and programs, where significant experiences may occur. For young people’s holistic wellbeing to be developed, it is vital that the spiritual dimension is taken into account. A range of ways of promoting the wellbeing of young people through informal educational activities that enhance spiritual development are explored.
Privacy Concern, Locus of Control, and Salience in a Trust-Risk Model of Information Disclosure on Social Networking Sites

The social networking site (SNS) acts as a gateway through which online networking connections are made possible. Therefore, a user must be willing to provide his or her information to the SNS in order for others to find and “befriend” him or her and vice versa. Results from an online survey was used to test a trust-risk model of information disclosure in which two dispositional factors (Internet privacy concern and locus of control) and one situational factor (salience of SNS in daily life) were hypothesized to influence perceived risk regarding SNSs in general and trust in a SNS in particular. All proposed hypotheses were found significant, suggesting that the dispositional and situational factors are potentially salient in the SNS context. Findings also suggest that perhaps providing completed categories of personal information may be more sensitive than individual pieces of information alone.
Effects of tenidap on superoxide-generating enzymes: Non-competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase

Abstract The anti-rheumatic drug tenidap has been shown previously to attenuate superoxide production by activated neutrophils. Given the importance of leukocyte as well as endothelial cell derived superoxide in mediating inflammatory responses, the effects of tenidap on mammalian enzymes capable of generating superoxide were determined. Tenidap had no effect on the generation of superoxide by NADPH oxidase reconstituted from fractionated neutrophil lysates. However, significant inhibition of superoxide production by mixtures of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase was observed in the presence of 3–30 μg/mL tenidap. The kinetics of xanthine oxidase inhibition by tenidap were non-competitive; the Ki of tenidap for xanthine oxidase was 11 μg/mL (34 μM). No inhibition of xanthine oxidase was observed in the presence of other known inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase may be a heretofore unrecognized mechanism of the antirheumatic effects of tenidap.
Content Strategy: Writing for Health Consumers on the Web

With the increasing emphasis on patient-centered approaches to health care, more and more health professionals are becoming involved in the development of information delivered to patients and their families electronically. Even when creating consumer health content is not a primary job function, awareness of key communication principles can help professionals to better assess and address health information users’ needs. Knowing and writing for the target user audience, using appropriate information sources when creating content, and writing scannable content are three key objectives of the process. This chapter not only describes these considerations for online communication with consumers but also demonstrates the use of these considerations structurally and stylistically in the text.
Abstract TP71: Time Burden of Perfusion Imaging

Background: Perfusion imaging currently plays a crucial role in patient selection for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the extended time window i.e. last known well (LKW) to treatment time is 6-2...
Hazard-Based Duration Models for Predicting Actual Duration of Highway Projects Using Nonparametric and Parametric Survival Analysis

AbstractAt the preconstruction phases of project development, facility stakeholders typically seek reliable estimates of project duration. This paper shows how hazard-based duration models could be...
21) Innovative Sternotomy Simulation Model for Training Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Team

Purpose: Simulation has been identified as an important training method for improving patient safety and quality of care. We designed a hi-fidelity mannequin mimicking the human thorax with a median sternotomy and a heart model to reproduce cardiac tamponade. We sought to evaluate - 1) the face validity of the innovative sternotomy mannequin for cardiac tamponade scenario and 2) multi-disciplinary team training in management of cardiac tamponade in children with a sternotomy wound. Method: We conducted a prospective observational study using the mannequin with a median sternotomy, an artificial heart inside thorax and the capability of reproducing cardiac tamponade (Fig.1). The study participants were the team members …
Interference Mitigation Scheme in 3D Topology IoT Network with Antenna Radiation Pattern

Internet of things (IoT) is one of main paradigms for 5G wireless systems. Due to high connection density, interference from other sources is a key problem in IoT networks. Especially, it is more difficult to find a solution to manage interference in uncoordinated networks than coordinated system. In this work, we consider 3D topology of uncoordinated IoT network and propose interference mitigation scheme with respect to 3D antenna radiation pattern. In 2D topology network, the radiation pattern of dipole antenna can be assumed as onmi-directional. We show the variance of antenna gain on dipole antenna in 3D topology, consider the simultaneous use of three orthogonal dipole antennas, and compare the system performance depending on different antenna configurations. Our simulation results show that proper altitude of IoT devices can extensively improve the system performance.
Phylogenies Derived from Matched Transcriptome Reveal the Evolution of Cell Populations and Temporal Order of Perturbed Pathways in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

Metastasis is the mechanism by which cancer results in mortality and there are currently no reliable treatment options once it occurs, making the metastatic process a critical target for new diagnostics and therapeutics. Treating metastasis before it appears is challenging, however, in part because metastases may be quite distinct genomically from the primary tumors from which they presumably emerged. Phylogenetic studies of cancer development have suggested that changes in tumor genomics over stages of progression often results from shifts in the abundance of clonal cellular populations, as late stages of progression may derive from or select for clonal populations rare in the primary tumor. The present study develops computational methods to infer clonal heterogeneity and temporal dynamics across progression stages via deconvolution and clonal phylogeny reconstruction of pathway-level expression signatures in order to reconstruct how these processes might influence average changes in genomic signatures over progression. We show, via application to a study of gene expression in a collection of matched breast primary tumor and metastatic samples, that the method can infer coarse-grained substructure and stromal infiltration across the metastatic transition. The results suggest that genomic changes observed in metastasis, such as gain of the ErbB signaling pathway, are likely caused by early events in clonal evolution followed by expansion of minor clonal populations in metastasis (Algorithmic details, parameter settings, and proofs are provided in an Appendix with source code available at https://github.com/CMUSchwartzLab/BrM-Phylo).
Experimental Investigation of FCCI Using Diffusion Couple Test Between UZr Fuel with Sb Additive and Cladding

Alloying additions are introduced into U-Zr fuel in order to bind lanthanides (e.g., cerium) and prevent their migration to the fuel-cladding interface. Antimony (Sb) is being investigated as a can...
Velo-cardio-facial syndrome.

Purpose of reviewVelo-cardio-facial syndrome has emerged from obscurity to become one of the most researched disorders this past decade. It is one of the most common genetic syndromes in humans, the most common contiguous gene syndrome in humans, the most common syndrome of cleft palate, and the mos
Mobile Software Assurance Informed through Knowledge Graph Construction: The OWASP Threat of Insecure Data Storage

Many organizations, to save costs, are movinheg to t Bring Your Own Mobile Device (BYOD) model and adopting applications built by third-parties at an unprecedented rate. Our research examines software assurance methodologies specifically focusing on security analysis coverage of the program analysis for mobile malware detection, mitigation, and prevention. This research focuses on secure software development of Android applications by developing knowledge graphs for threats reported by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). OWASP maintains lists of the top ten security threats to web and mobile applications. We develop knowledge graphs based on the two most recent top ten threat years and show how the knowledge graph relationships can be discovered in mobile application source code. We analyze 200+ healthcare applications from GitHub to gain an understanding of their software assurance of their developed software for one of the OWASP top ten moble threats, the threat of “Insecure Data Storage.” We find that many of the applications are storing personally identifying information (PII) in potentially vulnerable places leaving users exposed to higher risks for the loss of their sensitive data.
Deep learning-based Helicobacter pylori detection: A diagnostic pathology study

Aims: Deep learning (DL), a sub-area of artificial intelligence, has demonstrated great promise at automating diagnostic tasks in pathology, yet its translation into clinical settings has been slow. Few studies have examined its impact on pathologist performance, when embedded into clinical workflows. The identification of H. pylori on H&E stain is a tedious, imprecise task which might benefit from DL assistance. Here, we developed a DL assistant for diagnosing H. pylori in gastric biopsies and tested its impact on pathologist diagnostic accuracy and turnaround time. Methods and results: HE 47 and 126 WSI were respectively used to train and optimize our DL assistant to detect H. pylori, and 130 were used in a clinical experiment in which 3 experienced GI pathologists reviewed the same test set with and without assistance. On the test set, the assistant achieved high performance, with a WSI-level area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.965 (95% CI 0.934-0.987). On H. pylori-positive cases, assisted diagnoses were faster (β, the fixed effect size for assistance= -0.557, p=0.003) and much more accurate (OR=13.37, p<0.001) than unassisted diagnoses. However, assistance increased diagnostic uncertainty on H. pylori-negative cases, resulting in an overall decrease in assisted accuracy (OR=0.435, p=0.016) and negligible impact on overall turnaround time (β for assistance=0.010, p=0.860). Conclusions: DL can assist pathologists with H. pylori diagnosis, but its integration into clinical workflows requires optimization to mitigate diagnostic uncertainty as a potential consequence of assistance.
Causal mediation in developmental science: A primer:

Mediation has played a critical role in developmental theory and research. Yet, developmentalists rarely discuss the methodological challenges of establishing causality in mediation analysis or pot...
Private Power, Public Law: The domestic origins of a trade-based approach to intellectual property

While Chapter 3 focused on domestic rights of IP owners, this chapter focuses on the domestic evolution of the linkage between intellectual property and trade. Here, the action shifts from the judiciary to the Congress and executive branch as firms and industry associations began lobbying for firmer guarantees that their IP rights would be recognized abroad. In the United States, the private sector has been remarkably successful in politicizing IP protection. As a result of concerted action by industry associations (such as the PMA, and the Motion Picture Association of America), US policymakers have explicitly linked IP protection to trade in Section 301 of the US Trade and Tariff Act. At the behest of these private sector actors, the US has vigorously pressured violators of such property rights abroad by threatening trade retaliation under Section 301. This trade-based conception of IP rights has been incorporated in regional trade pacts such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Caribbean Basin Initiative. Finally, representatives of industry associations also succeeded in initiating and mobilizing support for a global IP agreement (TRIPS). Whether industry representatives sit across the table suggesting specific revisions in foreign countries' draft legislation, avail themselves of the US Section 301 machinery, play the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) trump card, compile reports of the latest violations and estimates of lost revenue, conduct raids on pirated goods abroad, or monitor compliance in a vigilant effort to keep the pressure on, they have become important players in the crusade for the worldwide protection of their valuable intellectual property.
Sympathetic Observations: Widowhood, Spectatorship, and Sympathy in the Fiction of Henry James

SYMPATHETIC OBSERVATIONS: WIDOWHOOD, SPECTATORSHIP AND SYMPATHY IN THE FICTION OF HENRY JAMES George M. Gordon-Smith Department of English Master of Arts This thesis explores the roles of widowhood and sympathy in Henry James’s short and long fiction. By the time James established himself as a writer of fiction, the culture of sentiment and its formation of sympathetic identification had become central to American and British writers. Critically, however, sympathy in James’s fiction has been overlooked because he chose to write about rich expatriates and European nobility. James’s pervasive use of widowed characters in his fiction suggests the he too participated in the same aesthetic agenda as William Dean Howells and George Eliot to evoke sympathy in their readers as a means of promoting class unity. In this thesis I show how James’s use of widowed characters places him in the same sympathetic tradition as Howells and Eliot not by eliciting sympathy for themselves, but, rather, by awakening a sympathetic response from his readers for his protagonists seeking love. In chapter one I explore why James may have used so many widowed characters in his fiction. I cite the death of his cousin Minny Temple as a defining moment in his literary career and argue that he may have experienced an “emotional widowhood” after her early death. I also discuss the role of widows in his short fiction, which I suggest, is different from the role of widows in his novels. This chapter is biographical, yet provides important background for understanding why, more than any other author, James’s fiction is replete with widowed characters. Chapter two explains the culture of sentiment of which James has been excluded. It explores the theories of David Hume and Adam Smith and their influence on the aesthetic principles defining Howells and Eliot’s work. In this chapter I contend that James is indeed part of this sentimental tradition despite his renunciation of sentiment in his fiction because he tried to promote sympathy among his readers through his widowed characters. In chapter three I do close readings of The Portrait of a Lady (1881) and The Wings of the Dove (1902) and argue that these two texts best represent James’s attempt at sympathetic writing.
Initial therapy of suspected microbial corneal ulcers: I. Broad antibiotic therapy based on prevalence of organisms

The initial treatment of bacterial ulcers of the cornea should consist of a combination of antibiotics that are effective against the major pathogens in the community. A gram stain may be misleading and therefore may suggest inappropriate therapy. Antibiotic therapy should include subconjunctival injections and concentrated eye drops, but not systemic administration except following perforation. Initially, we use cefazolin and tobramycin or gentamicin. Bacitracin may be substituted as a topical medication. Antibiotic therapy should be changed only if the pathogen is reported to be resistant to initial therapy and if the corneal ulcer continues to worsen.
Radiative impact of aerosols generated from biomass burning

Atmospheric aerosol particles play a vital role in the Earth's radiative energy budget. They exert a net cooling influence on climate by directly reflecting the solar radiation to space and by modifying the shortwave reflective properties of clouds. Each year, increasing amounts of aerosol particles are released into the atmosphere due to biomass burning, dust storms, forest fires and volcanic activity. These particles significantly perturb the radiative balance on local, regional, and global scales. While the detection of aerosols over water is a well established procedure, the detection of aerosols over land is often difficult due to the poor contrast between the aerosols and the underlying terrain. In this study, the authors use textural measures in order to detect aerosols generated from biomass burning over South America, using AVHRR data. The regional radiative effects are then examined using ERBE data. Preliminary results show that the net radiative forcing of aerosols is about -36 W/m/sup 2/.
The New International Financial Architecture and Africa

The new international financial architecture can help African countries benefit from globalization, while minimizing the risks, and foster an environment conducive to increased domestic investment and higher sustained growth. This paper highlights the progress that African countries have made in several areas of the new architecture, but it also underscores the considerable way that these countries must go to meet the requirements of the new architecture.
Mediated Knowledge: Reexamining Six Classic Community Studies from a Woman's Point of View.

Six studies published in the 1940s have become classics in the analysis of rural community and change: the community stability/instability studies. One of their less recognized features is that their analyses included women. This article revisits these six studies, but from a different vantage point. As a socially constructed enterprise, the community studies can be seen as a product of human agency. Examining how these researchers saw and included women, this analysis examines the historically embedded mediating impact of the research producers' positionality on the knowledge they produced. In particular, this analysis examines how women came to be included in the studies, how these researchers interpreted women's roles, and how gendered assumptions affected the conclusions they reached regarding the communities' stability or instability. Language: en
Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in myeloid cell lines expressing p210BCR/ABL

The BCR/ABL oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in humans and induces growth factor independence of hematopoietic cell lines in tissue culture. p210BCR/ABL is localized at least in part to the cytoskeleton, and has been shown to interact directly with actin filaments through an actin binding domain located in the C-terminus of ABL. CML cells have reduced adhesion to some extracellular matrix components but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. In this study we examined tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. An interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, 32Dc13, was transformed with a BCR/ABL cDNA, and the patterns of localization, expression, and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins were compared among untransformed 32Dc13 cells with and without IL-3 stimulation and BCR/ABL-transformed 32Dc13 cells. Of the focal adhesion proteins examined, only paxillin exhibited tyrosine phosphorylation in response to IL-3; while in cells transformed by p210BCR/ABL, paxillin, vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated. IL-3 induced a transient association between paxillin and vinculin, while in BCR/ABL-transformed cells, several proteins coimmunoprecipitated with paxillin, including vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin. Pseudopodia enriched in focal adhesion proteins were transiently detected in 32Dc13 cells in response to IL-3, but constitutively detected in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. p210BCR/ABL protein was also found concentrated in punctate structures adjacent to the cell membrane in myeloid cell lines, which often contained vinculin and paxillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regression with respect to sensing actions and partial states

In this paper, we present a state-based regression function for planning domains where an agent does not have complete information and may have sensing actions. We consider binary domains, and employ the 0-approximation (Son & Baral 2001) to define the regression function. In binary domains, the use of 0-approximation means using 3-valued states. Although planning using this approach is incomplete with respect to the full semantics, we adopt it to have a lower complexity. We prove the soundness and completeness of our regression formulation with respect to the definition of progression and develop a conditional planner that utilizes our regression function.