cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origin of serotonin-containing projections to the ventral respiratory group in the rat.

The major purpose of the present study was to determine the origin of the serotonin-containing neurons which project to the rostral ventral respiratory group in the rat. This was accomplished by using the technique of retrograde tracing with rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres (beads) combined with immunochemistry. The rhodamine-labeled beads were microinjected into electrophysiologically identified groups of inspiratory neurons in the rostral ventral respiratory group to retrogradely label neurons projecting to this site. Immunohistochemical processing of the tissue was then done to determine if serotonin was present in the retrogradely-labeled neurons. Serotonin-containing neurons projecting to the rostral ventral respiratory group were found in the raphe magnus, raphe obscurus, raphe pallidus and in the paraolivary region extending to the ventral medullary surface. No serotonin-containing neurons in more rostrally located raphe nuclei were found to project to the rostral ventral respiratory group. The findings suggest that caudal raphe serotonergic projections may affect the activity of respiratory neurons in the rostral ventral respiratory group. Projections to the rostral ventral respiratory group from other pontomedullary nuclei were also identified. Rhodamine-labeled neurons were found in the area of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei, retrofacial nucleus, nucleus ambiguus/retroambigualis, nucleus tractus solitarius, A5 region, nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis, retrotrapezoid nucleus, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus. The projections to the rostral ventral respiratory group in the rat are similar to those previously described in the cat and suggest a common circuitry for the CNS control of breathing.
The OceanLink project

Today's scientific investigations are producing large numbers of scholarly products. These products continue to increase in diversity and complexity as researchers recognize that scholarly achievements are not only published articles but also datasets, software, and associated supporting materials. OceanLink is an online platform that addresses scholarly discovery and collaboration in the ocean sciences. The OceanLink project leverages Semantic Web technologies, web mining, and crowdsourcing to identify links between data centers, digital repositories, and professional societies to enhance discovery, enable collaboration, and begin to assess research contribution.
Conjectures on the fundamental domain of the Hilbert modular group

Previous work has given some bounds on the fundamental domain of the Hilbert modular group in certain cases. In particular, the projection of the intersection of the fundamental domain with the manifold |[email protected]?z^'|=1 into the plane determined by the imaginary parts of z and z^' is a region contained within a figure bounded by two lines and two hyperbolas. Some intense numerical computation gives a conjectured outline of the actual boundary of the above two-dimensional projection. We work with the case of Q(5) and Q(2) and observe that one of the bounding hyperbolas may be more accurately replaced by three or four currently unknown curves. Additional conjectures about the fundamental domain are listed.
Multiscalar imaging in partially premixed jet flames with argon dilution

Abstract Simultaneous imaging of depolarized and polarized Rayleigh scattering combined with OH-LIF and two-photon CO-LIF provides two-dimensional measurements of mixture fraction, temperature, scalar dissipation rate, and the forward reaction rate of the reaction CO + OH = CO 2 + H in turbulent partially premixed flames. The concept of the three-scalar technique for determining the mixture fraction using CO-LIF with depolarized and polarized Rayleigh signals was previously demonstrated in a partially premixed CH4/air jet flame [J.H. Frank, S.A. Kaiser, M.B. Long, Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 (2002) 2687–2694]. In the experiments presented here, we consider a similar jet flame with a fuel-stream mixture that is better suited for the diagnostic technique. The contrast between the depolarized and the polarized Rayleigh signals in the fuel and air streams is improved by partially premixing with an argon/oxygen mixture that has the same oxygen content as air. The substitution of argon, which has a zero depolarization ratio, for the nitrogen in air decreases the depolarized Rayleigh signal in the fuel stream and thereby increases the contrast between the depolarized and the polarized Rayleigh signals. We present a collection of instantaneous 2-D measurements and examine conditional means of temperature, scalar dissipation, and reaction rates for two downstream locations. The emphasis is on the determination of the scalar dissipation rate from the mixture-fraction images. The axial and radial contributions to scalar dissipation are measured. The effects of noise on the scalar dissipation measurements are determined in a laminar flame, and a method for subtracting the noise contribution to the scalar dissipation rates is demonstrated.
High-frequency 750mV operational amplifier standard bulk CMOS process

A 750 mV operational amplifier was designed in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m 5 V CMOS process using a threshold voltage tuning technique. It exhibits 62 dB DC gain, a gain bandwidth product of 3.2 MHz and a power consumption of only 38 /spl mu/W. Compared to its 5 V counterpart, biased at the same current level, the new amplifier maintains nearly the same gain bandwidth product when driving a 15 pF load but consumes less than 20% of the power with over a factor of 6 reduction in the supply voltage.
Assimilation Differences among Africans in America

Data from the 1990 [U.S.] Census of Population are used to assess the earnings attainment of male African immigrants their Caribbean-born counterparts and native-born African Americans. Although Africans earn more than both Caribbean immigrants and native-born blacks controlling for relevant earnings-related endowments erases the African advantage and elevates Caribbean earnings above those of the other two groups. The findings also trace a substantial African (but not Caribbean) disadvantage wherein university degree holders particularly those with degrees earned abroad receive little if any reward for their degrees. Implications of the findings are discussed. (EXCERPT)
Pro: transmyocardial laser revascularization is best for treatment of severe coronary artery disease

TRANSMYOCARDIAL LASER revascularization (TMLR) has been introduced as a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage coronary disease not amenable to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. Often patients accepted for this treatment have already undergone multiple percutaneous revascularization procedures as well as surgical revascularization. The idea of creating channels in the myocardium with lasers dates back to 1981,1 and some studies have shown improvement of angina as well as evidence of improved myocardial perfusion by positron emission tomography (PET) scan and dobutamine stress echo. However, the ongoing controversy regarding the efficacy of TMLR may simply indicate that it is not understood which patient populations are most likely to benefit. The mechanism of action is still not well understood. What are the most recent data to support the ongoing application of this treatment?
Markets and Models for Large-Scale Courseware Development

Computer-aided instruction (CAI) has not achieved widespread use, even though experimental results have been promising, because of a complex of technical, economic, and social factors. The problems these factors produce might be overcome if a major ?market success? could be achieved with CAI systems. One potentially high-volume market, having probably a lower resistance to profound innovation than other sectors of education, is the junior college. To achieve a market success which would catalyze public and private investment to sustain the growth and dissemination of CAI requires technical solutions in the areas of hardware, software, and courseware. Courseware is a term designating the applications programs for CAI systems and associated textual, audio-visual, and other materials of instruction. Two different approaches to the production of courseware and their underlying philosophies are discussed and contrasted. The extent to which these different models of courseware design and development might lead toward the goal of mass dissemination is highlighted.
Dexras1/AGS-1, a steroid hormone-induced guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, inhibits 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated secretion in AtT-20 corticotroph cells.

Dexras1 is a novel GTP-binding protein that shares structural similarity with the Ras family of small molecular weight GTPases and is strongly and rapidly induced during treatment with dexamethasone. The function of Dexras1 and its contribution to glucocorticoid-dependent signaling in the corticotroph cell are unknown. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential role of Dexras1 in the regulation of peptide hormone secretion in the AtT-20 corticotroph cell line. To determine the effects of Dexras1 expressed independently of glucocorticoid treatment, expression plasmids for wild-type and constitutively active mutant Dexras1 proteins were cotransfected with human GH (hGH), which provides an ectopic marker for the stimulus-coupled secretory pathway. GTP binding properties and the GTP to GDP ratio of wild-type and mutant Dexras1 proteins were examined in transiently transfected AtT-20 and COS-7 cells. Stimulated and constitutive components of secretion were assessed after 2-h incubations with 5 m...
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology: a state of the art review

S. E. H. Cameron, R.S. Andrade and S.E. Pambuccian Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology: a state of the art review Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a recently developed, accurate, safe and cost-effective technique that allows sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes and peribronchial lesions including pulmonary and mediastinal lesions. Its major indications are the nodal staging of non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, their restaging after chemotherapy and/or radiation, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and of metastases from extrathoracic malignancies, and the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and masses of unknown aetiology. From our experience at the University of Minnesota and a comprehensive review of the literature, we discuss technical aspects of the procedure, its advantages and limitations in comparison with other methods of sampling mediastinal lymph nodes, focusing on the role of the cytopathologist in ensuring the effectiveness of the procedure. An algorithmic approach to the cytological diagnosis, starting with the determination of the adequacy of the sample, is also presented.
A coordinate majorization descent algorithm for ℓ1 penalized learning

The glmnet package by Friedman et al. [Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent, J. Statist. Softw. 33 (2010), pp. 1–22] is an extremely fast implementation of the standard coordinate descent algorithm for solving l1 penalized learning problems. In this paper, we consider a family of coordinate majorization descent algorithms for solving the l1 penalized learning problems by replacing each coordinate descent step with a coordinate-wise majorization descent operation. Numerical experiments show that this simple modification can lead to substantial improvement in speed when the predictors have moderate or high correlations.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone and animal models of anxiety: gene-environment interactions.

The study of the neural substrates underlying stress and anxiety has in recent years been enriched by a burgeoning pool of genetic information gathered from rodent studies. Two general approaches have been used to characterize the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in stress regulation: the evaluation of stress-related behavioral and endocrine responses in animals with targeted deletion or overexpression of specific genes and the evaluation of changes in central nervous system gene expression in response to environmental perturbations. We review recent studies that have used molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques such as in situ hybridization, transgenic animal, and antisense oligonucleotide gene-targeting methodologies to characterize the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system genes in stress. The effects of genetic manipulations of each element of the CRH system (CRH, its two receptors, and its binding protein) on stress-related responses are summarized. In addition, the effects of stress (acute, repeated, or developmental) on CRH system gene expression are described. The results from these studies indicate that experimentally engineered or stress-induced dysregulation of gene expression within the CRH system is associated with aberrant responses to environmental contingencies. These results are discussed in the context of how CRH system dysfunction might contribute to stress-related psychopathology and are presented in conjunction with clinical findings of CRH system dysregulation in psychiatric illness. Finally, future research strategies (i.e., high-throughput gene screening and novel gene-targeting methodologies) that may be used to gain a fuller understanding of how CRH system gene expression affects stress-related functioning are discussed.
Variability of Glass and Filter Paper Insecticide-Treated Surfaces Used To Determine Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Insecticide Resistance

This study was conducted to determine the inherent variability of insecticide-treated glass tubes and filter paper disks, two methods currently being used to measure insecticide resistance in adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations. Flies were exposed to glass or filter paper surfaces treated with an LC50 concentration of permethrin, fenvalerate, diazinon, or pirimiphos methyl. Mortality was determined by five or six individuals. In all cases, there was a significant difference among surfaces treated with the same insecticide, and there was a significant difference in the horn fly mortality recorded by different individuals. These results suggest that testing wild horn fly populations of mixed ages for insecticide resistance May only represent an indication of resistance in the population. The observed variability among individuals reinforces the dogma that one person should be responsible for data collection during experimental procedures.
Derivation of prediction equations for blocking effect reduction

A heuristic is proposed by Minami and Zakhor (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol.5, p.74-82, 1995) to solve an optimization problem on reduction of blocking effects seen in low bit-rate coded images. This paper presents a novel solution to the same problem. Not only does it compute the global minimum, but its computational complexity is significantly smaller as well. The solution is stated in the form of prediction equations for computation of certain discrete cosine transform coefficients-an approach adapted by JPEG for its block-smoothing method. Experimental results show that our solution outperforms the JPEG's method.
Von Mises Failure Criterion in Mechanics of Materials: How to Efficiently Use it Under Interval and Fuzzy Uncertainty

One of the main objective of mechanics of materials is to predict when the material experiences fracture (fails), and to prevent this failure. With this objective in mind, it is desirable to use it ductile materials, i.e., materials which can sustain large deformations without failure. Von Mises criterion enables us to predict the failure of such ductile materials. To apply this criterion, we need to know the exact stresses applied at different directions. In practice, we only know these stresses with interval or fuzzy uncertainty. In this paper, we describe how we can apply this criterion under such uncertainty, and how to make this application computationally efficient.
Autonomous Versus Heteronomous Moral Judgment Types A Longitudinal Cross-Cultural Study

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development differentiates moral types from moral stages; moral types are designated as Type A, heteronomous, and Type B, autonomous. This is a report of a six-year longitudinal cross-cultural study of moral types. The sample included kibbuz-educated Israeli adolescents, equally divided between kibbutz-born and city-born youth. Results indicated that when subjects changed from one type of reasoning to another, 83% of the changes were to Type B reasoning. The shift to Type B reasoning was positively associated with moral stage development; there were no significant differences in moral type between kibbutz-born and city-born or between males and females. Results further indicated that Israeli adolescents were more likely to exhibit Type B reasoning than similarly aged subjects from the United States, Turkey, Taiwan, or the Bahamas. The possibility of cultural bias is also discussed.
Cost-effective: emergency department care coordination with a regional hospital information system.

Abstract Background Frequent and unnecessary utilization of the emergency department (ED) is often a sign of serious latent patient issues, and the associated costs are shared by many. Helping these patients get the care they need in the appropriate setting is difficult given their complexity, and their tendency to visit multiple EDs. Study Objective We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary ED-care-coordination program with a regional hospital information system capable of sharing patients' individualized care plans with cooperating EDs. Methods ED visits, treatment costs, cost per visit, and net income were assessed pre- and postenrollment in the program using nonparametric bootstrapping techniques. Individuals were categorized as frequent (3–11 ED visits in the 365 days preceding enrollment) or extreme (≥ 12 ED visits) users. Regression to the mean was tested using an adjusted measure of change. Results Both frequent and extreme users experienced significant decreases in ED visits (5 and 15, respectively; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2–5 and 13–17, respectively) and direct-treatment costs ($1285; 95% CI $492–$2364 and $6091; 95% CI $4298–$8998, respectively), leading to significant hospital cost savings and increased net income ($431; 95% CI $112–$878 and $1925; 95% CI $1093–$3159, respectively). The results further indicate that fewer resources were utilized per visit. Regression to the mean did not seem to be an issue. Conclusions When examined as a whole, research on the program suggests that expanding it would be an efficient allocation of hospital, and possibly societal, resources.
The Timing of Change: Patterns in Transitions in Functional Status among Elderly Persons

Data from the Longitudinal Study on Aging (LSOA) were analyzed to describe the heterogeneity of functional status transitions over 2-years (single-state model), and to explore whether changes in status in the previous two to four year period enhance the prediction of a subsequent transition (two-state model). Multivariate logistic regression with a robust estimate of variance was used to analyze a 7-category nominal response of: functional status (4 levels), institutionalization, death, and missing. Weighted percentages for functional status transitions and stability (unchanged status) showed that unchanged or improved functioning were at least as common as death or worsened functional status. Initial disability level, morbidities, and self-rated health were the strongest predictors of disability status after 2-years. The two-state model revealed that a previous transition (positive or negative) increases the risk for a subsequent transition, independent of initial disability level. The predictive and explanatory quality of the two-state model is substantially improved over single-state models, particularly from its ability to identify subgroups of individuals with marked functional status instability.
Toward a teacher solidarity lens: former teachers of color (re)envisioning educational research

Based on a two-year self-study by a group of early-career scholars of color, we explore and purposefully name our role, within the contemporary context of neoliberal reform, as educational researchers of color who are former K-12 teachers. We capture the insights that emerged from our self-study through a close reading of dominant neoliberal educational reform discourses, particularly through an examination of the writings of Michelle Rhee and Wendy Kopp. Along three dimensions of: (1) experience as teachers; (2) solidarity with teachers; and (3) analyses of racism in schooling, we characterize prominent discourses through which educators, researchers, and the public describe teachers and teaching. We name these discursive frames to make explicit the assumptions that are embedded in each and the intentional or inadvertent consequences of each. Finally, we propose a teacher solidarity lens through which we strive to approach our research and work with teachers.
Effect of cellobiose, glucose, ethanol, and metal ions on the cellulase enzyme complex of Thermomonospora fusca

The saccharification of cellulosic substrates by cellulase from Thermomonospora fusca, strain YX, was influenced by the presence of various substances. Cellobiose was strongly inhibitory, reducing the activity against swollen cellulose to 25% at 5% concentration. Glucose had much less effect, reducing activity to 40% at 20% concentration. Ethanol was found to be only slightly inhibitory to the cellulase, reducing activity by about 15% at 6% concentration, but much more inhibitory to the cell-bound BETA-glucosidase activity. Of the numerous metal ions examined, Ca/sup 2 +/ and Co/sup 2 +/ at 0.1m..mu..-1.0m..mu.. concentration were found to be slightly activating under assay conditions, while 1.0m..mu.. Pb/sup 2 +/ and Hg/sup 2 +/ were the most inhibitory ions. The implications of these results for the design of commercial processes for ethanol production from cellulose are discussed.
ReplicOpter: A replicate optimizer for flexible docking

We present a computationally efficient method for flexible refinement of docking predictions that reflects observed motions within a protein's structural class. Using structural homologs, we derive deformation models that capture likely motions. The models or “replicates” typically align along a rigid core, with a handful of flexible loops, linkers and tails. A few replicates can generate a much larger number of conformers, by exchanging each flexible region independently of the others. In this way, 10 replicates of a protein having 6 flexible regions can be used to generate a million conformations of a molecule. While this has obvious advantages in terms of sampling, the cost of assessing energies at every conformer is prohibitive, particularly when both molecules are flexible. Our approach addresses this combinatorial explosion, using key assumptions to compress the sampling by many orders of magnitude. ReplicOpter can perform hierarchical clustering from a list of rigid docking predictions and find nearby structures to any promising cluster representatives. These predicted complexes can then be refined and rescored. ReplicOpter's scoring function includes a Lennard-Jones potential softened using the Anderson-Chandler-Weeks decomposition, a desolvation term derived from the Atomic Contact Energy function, Coulombic electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and terms to model pi-pi and pi-cation interactions. ReplicOpter has performed well on several recent CAPRI systems. We are presently benchmarking ReplicOpter on the complete docking benchmark set to fully establish its utility in refining rigid docking predictions and identifying near-native solutions. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Energy Information Gateway for Home

Energy conservation or energy management is the buzz word today and it’s a real necessity for today’s world, in order to maintain high economy growth rate. Smart Meter technology is the first step towards achieving this goal. This paper discusses a novel low-cost Home Energy Information Gateway (HEIG) solution which can provide the Smart Meter display and communication interface through a Set Top Box like gateway device on the television and offer a varied range of benefits to the consumers and utility providers. The proposed solution provides a real-time view of the energy consumption at home on the Home Television. In addition it can also provide daily, monthly and annual energy usage statistics along with a mechanism to provide alerts when the energy consumption exceeds certain pre-defined thresholds. By interfacing with the utility provider’s portal over the web, it can provide a mechanism to introduce dynamic tariff and in future, as intelligent electrical appliances become available, a means to control the energy consumption of home electrical appliances from the Home Television itself. The main value provided by the proposed solution lies in its low-cost and low-power, which is an important parameter for deployment in Developing Countries.
A four-dimensional probabilistic atlas of the human brain

The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas develop- ment. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being col- lected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype- phenotype-behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have impor- tant implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders.
Pion emission in proton-antiproton annihilation processes

Using the formalism of current algebra and PCAC (partially conserved axial-vector current) we calculate the amplitudes for emission of two neutral pions in pp yields K/sup +/K/sup -/ and in pp yields K/sup +/K/sup -/K/ sup +/ K/sup -/, and sup -/ pi /sup 0/ pi /sup 0/)/(pp yields /K/sup -/K/sup +/K/sup - ) pi /sup 0/ pi /sup 0/)/pp yields K/sup +/K/sup -/K/sup +/K/ sup -/) at various energies. (auth)
PHYLOGENY OF THE TYRANT FLYCATCHERS (TYRANNIDAE) BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

Abstract Previously published morphological and behavioral data for the tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) were reanalyzed using cladistic techniques. Several additional characters, including two putative synapomorphies of the Tyrannidae were incorporated. Nearly all of the ∼100 traditional tyrannid genera were included. Results of the analysis of this set of 68 characters support three previously proposed tyrannid assemblages: the kingbird assemblage and slightly restricted Empidonax and Myiarchus assemblages. Characters of the nasal septum that past workers have considered conservative and phylogenetically informative are supported as synapomorphies of the kingbird and restricted Empidonax assemblages. Several small monophyletic groups of genera are supported. The monophyly of neither the Elaenia assemblage nor the flatbill and tody-tyrant assemblage is supported in any most-parsimonious tree, but such trees are not significantly better than trees supporting their monophyly. A Tyrannidae exclusive of the C...
The Cytologic Makeup of the Urinary Sediment According to the Collection Technique

The collection techniques used to obtain urinary specimens include voided and catheterized urine, bladder, ureteric and renal pelvic washings and brushings, retrograde catheterization of ureters, renal pelves, and ileal conduit (described in detail in Chap. 1). These collection techniques, particularly instrumentation, have a significant effect on the makeup of the urinary sediment. Catheterization of the bladder, retrograde catheterization of the ureter and renal pelves and brushings, virtually always, result in removal of urothelial cell clusters that may be mistaken for fragments of urothelial papillary tumors. Thus, a thorough knowledge of the cytologic features observed in the various collection techniques is very important in diagnostic interpretation. Tables 4.1 and 4.2 indicate the advantages and disadvantages and the cytologic appearance of urothelial cells in various specimen-collection methods.
Diclofenac-lnduced Rhabdomyolysis

ABSTRACT: A case is described in which, after administration of diclofenac for 13 days for arthritis attributed to gout, the patient experienced erythema multiforme followed by muscle weakness, elevation of serum creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) level from 101 to 83,770 U/L, 100% muscle isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level from 15 to 87 mg/dL, creatinine level from 1.0 to 2.1 mg/dL and urine myoglobin level to 1,190 μ g/dL (N
Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure In Utero Leads to Immunoregulatory Cytokine Dysregulation in the Mouse Mammary Gland: A Potential Mechanism Programming Breast Cancer Risk

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a ubiquitous estrogen-like endocrine disrupting compound (EDC). BPA exposure in utero has been linked to breast cancer and abnormal mammary gland development in mice. The recent rise in incidence of human breast cancer and decreased age of first detection suggests a possible environmental etiology. We hypothesized that developmental programming of carcinogenesis may involve an aberrant immune response. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a role in tumor suppression through cytolytic CD8, NK, and Th1 T-cells. We hypothesized that BPA exposure in utero would lead to dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immunity in the mammary gland. CD1 mice were exposed to BPA in utero during gestation (days 9-21) via osmotic minipump. At 6 weeks, the female offspring were ovariectomized and estradiol was given at 8 weeks. RNA and protein were extracted from the posterior mammary glands, and the mRNA and protein levels were measured by PCR array, qRT-PCR, and western blot. In mouse mammary tissue, BPA exposure in utero significantly decreased the expression of members of the chemokine CXC family (Cxcl2, Cxcl4, Cxcl14, and Ccl20), interleukin 1 (Il1) gene family (Il1β and Il1rn), interleukin 2 gene family (Il7 receptor), and interferon gene family (interferon regulatory factor 9 (Irf9), as well as immune response gene 1 (Irg1). Additionally, BPA exposure in utero decreased Esr1 receptor gene expression and increased Esr2 receptor gene expression. In utero exposure of BPA resulted in significant changes to inflammatory modulators within mammary tissue. We suggest that dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, leads to a microenvironment that may promote disordered cell growth through inhibition of the immune response that targets cancer cells.
Effects of maternal lifestyle intervention during pregnancy on untreated partner weight: Results from fit for delivery study

Objective To test the hypothesis that untreated partners of pregnant women receiving a prenatal lifestyle intervention (vs. standard care) would lose more weight during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods Fit for Delivery was a study of 401 pregnant women with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) randomized to prenatal lifestyle intervention or standard care. Mother's self-report of partners’ weight was obtained at study entry (<16 weeks gestation), 30 weeks gestation, and 6 and 12 months postpartum. Results At study entry, 157 of 200 (78%) of intervention mothers and 144 of 201 (72%) of standard care mothers reported having a partner. In intent-to-treat analyses, there was no significant treatment × time effects on partner weight (P = 0.67). In secondary analyses, partners of OW/OB intervention women lost weight from study entry to 6 and 12 months postpartum (−0.5 ± 9.5 kg, −1.0 ± 9.3 kg; P < 0.05), while partners of standard care women gained weight during the same time frame (+2.5 ± 6.7 kg, +2.9 ± 7.4 kg; P < 0.05); adjusting for partner study entry BMI removed these effects. Conclusions Lifestyle intervention delivered to pregnant women did not significantly reduce weight of untreated partners. Future research is needed to test prenatal interventions that engage partners and use objective measures of weight.
Control, Protection and Rights

In this article, I critically examine Peru’s Law to Protect Minors from situations of Begging. I consider the way in which a language of children’s rights is ironically invoked to justify the physical removal and criminalization of children working in public spaces by appeals to very specific understandings of childhood, parenting, and space. Despite the law’s formal emphasis on protection, I suggest it is more concerned with social control and containment than children’s actual well-being. As such, it fails to reflect the basic principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child to which Peru has committed. However, because the crc is subject to multiple interpretations, it also serves as a potential resource to counter repressive legislation such as the Begging Bill. The article is based on 14 months of field work in Peru and over 100 interviews with policy makers, government officials, educators, and street children themselves, among others.
Analysis of Catastrophic Field Failures Due to Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Formation

Under certain environmental conditions, printed wiring boards (PWB) respond to applied voltages by developing subsurface deposits of copper salts extending from anode to cathode along separated fiber / epoxy interfaces. The formation of these deposits, termed conductive anodic filaments (CAF) require high humidity (80%RH) and high voltage gradient (5V/mil). The humidity exposure during the storage environment may cause the failure in the use environment. CAF formation is enhanced by the use of certain hot air solder leveling (HASL) fluids and / or water soluble flux constituents. In this work, two catastrophic field failures were analyzed. Both failures were related to boards produced in a manufacturing process, which included HASL. One CAF failure occurred between a component through-hole and power plane held at a potential difference of 40V with a 0.005″ nominal spacing. The other occurred on an inner layer of a multi-layer board (MLB) between a via and ground plane held at a potential difference of 320V with 0.015” nominal spacing. The nature of the CAF was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Ion chromatography (IC) was used to identify residue extracted from a failed board. The failure phenomena known as CAF poses serious longterm reliability concerns in electronic products exposed to adverse and hostile environments, especially those with closely spaced conductors.
127. Decreased functional recovery after SCI in aged mice corresponds with impaired IL-4Rα upregulation on microglia and reduced IL-4-dependent repair

Activated microglia from aged mice are less responsive to anti-inflammatory signals. Indeed, our lab showed that activated microglia from aged mice have impaired upregulation of the receptor for the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4. Impaired upregulation of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R α ) resulted in reduced sensitivity to the M2 promoting effects of IL-4 ex vivo (i.e., high inducible nitric oxide synthase; low arginase). We hypothesize that this failure to induce IL-4R α after an inflammatory challenge sensitizes aged mice to a traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury in which IL-4-dependent repair relies on increased IL-4R α expression. Here we show that after a spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia from adult, but not aged, mice upregulated surface expression of IL-4R α . Impaired IL-4R α upregulation corresponded with reduced functional recovery in aged mice and reduced arginase expression in the spinal cord. Thus, we predict that impaired IL-4R α upregulation after SCI results in decreased arginase-associated repair including reduced axonal growth. In support of this idea, we used an intracerebroventricular injection model to show that IL-4-mediated arginase expression in microglia is dependent on inflammatory-induced IL-4R α upregulation. Moreover, in dorsal root ganglion cultures, IL-4-induced neurite growth was only noted in the presence activated microglia (high IL-4R α ). Together, these results indicate that impaired IL-4R α expression by aged mice after SCI likely leads to reduced IL-4-dependent reparative processes resulting in reduced functional recovery.
Predicting safe sex practices from gender-related interpersonal variables

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether safe sex practices, including condom use and partner communication, may be predicted from the interpersonal traits of agency, unmitigated agency, communion, and unmitigated communion. Participants were 375 college students (77% women, 23% men), who completed an online questionnaire assessing the variables of interest. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that high-agency individuals employed greater safe sex practices (p = .001) and had greater communication with their partners about safe sex (p < .001) than low-agency individuals, whereas high-unmitigated agency individuals employed fewer safe sex practices (p = .009) and used condoms less often (p = .017) than low-unmitigated agency individuals. Furthermore, high-communion individuals had better partner communication about safe sex (p = .013) than low-communion individuals. These findings are consistent with past research showing the positive impact of agency and communion, as well as negative impact of unmit...
Mental Health and Student Conduct Issues on the College Campus, by Gerald Amada

For decades, Gerald Amada has been a prolific contributor to college mental health. The founder and for 30 years a director of the mental health program of the City College of San Francisco, he has...
Postoperative Bleeding Following Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

AbstractBleeding following radical prostatectomy is defined as significant postoperative hemorrhage requiring the acute transfusion of blood to support blood pressure. Of 1,350 consecutive radical prostatectomies 7 cases (0.5%) met this criterion. Of these patients 4 were explored for bleeding and 3 were managed expectantly.Mean blood product requirements for explored patients were comparable to those managed conservatively (13.8 versus 14.7). Total hospitalization days were less in patients who underwent a secondary operation (14.5 versus 21 days). In the 3 patients managed nonoperatively the pelvic hematoma drained through the anastomosis, resulting in symptomatic bladder neck contractures in all 3 and long-term incontinence in 2. Only 1 of the 4 patients explored (25%) experienced prolonged mild incontinence. These results suggest that patients requiring acute transfusions for hypotension following radical prostatectomy should be explored to evacuate the pelvic hematoma, and decrease the likelihood of ...
Cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular markers of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The chromosomal abnormalities that occur in acute lymphoblastic leukemia have greatly elucidated the biologic causes (leukemogenesis) of this disease. ALL is extremely heterogeneous; different cell types at differing stages of differentiation may become leukemic. Although not yet completely understood, the chromosomal abnormalities occurring in this disease are not random. Rather, the abnormalities are highly specific, with specific abnormalities occurring in specific cell phenotypes. Early chromosomal investigations were concerned with identification of heterogeneous cytogenetic "groups," with independent prognostic indications, among patients with ALL. These studies progressed to the identification of specific chromosomal translocations, many of which can be correlated with specific cell phenotypes. Molecular studies of these cytogenetic aberrations have defined specific chromosomal breakpoints, and specific genes, which have been implicated in the oncogenic process. As a result of these translocations, the involved genes either produce abnormal products or are deregulated. The products of these genes vary, but all are concerned with cell growth and differentiation. Much remains to be determined regarding cytogenetic abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their clinical and biologic significance. The molecular bases of all of the recurring abnormalities in ALL have not been determined. The biologic causes for the chromosomal abnormalities are not known, nor is it known why specific chromosomal aberrations correlate with prognosis.
How Parentally Abducted Children Fare: An Interim Report on Families who Recover Their Children:

Parental abduction of children is a little-studied psychiatric and legal problem. Interviews were conducted with 69 parents whose children had been abducted and recovered, part of a larger group wh...
Special Issue Editors’ Notes: Linguistic diversity, equity and pedagogical innovation in higher education

This monograph will report on the results of a series of case studies conducted across several campuses of the City University of New York within a university-sponsored project entitled Futures Initiative (FI). The FI project advocates for greater equity and innovation in higher education through several actions, including research and student and teacher development initiatives. In this monograph, the authors of the contributions came together in an interdisciplinary doctoral seminar on educational language policy, which was chosen to take on an active role in the FI project. The seminar was led by Dr. Ofelia Garcia and Dr. Carmina Makar.
Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella enterica and Salmonella Bacteriophages Recovered from Beef Cattle Feedlots in South Texas

Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage in beef cattle is a food safety concern, and the beef feedlot environment may function as a reservoir of this pathogen. The goal of this study was to identify and isolate Salmonella and Salmonella bacteriophages from beef cattle feedlot environments in order to better understand the microbial ecology of Salmonella and identify phages that might be useful as anti-Salmonella beef safety interventions. Three feedlots in south Texas were visited, and 27 distinct samples from each source were collected from dropped feces, feed from feed bunks, drinking water from troughs, and soil in cattle pens (n = 108 samples). Preenrichment, selective enrichment, and selective/differential isolation of Salmonella were performed on each sample. A representative subset of presumptive Salmonella isolates was prepared for biochemical identification and serotyping. Samples were pooled by feedlot and sample type to create 36 samples and enriched to recover phages. Recovered phages were tested for host range against two panels of Salmonella hosts. Salmonella bacteria were identified in 20 (18.5%) of 108 samples by biochemical and/or serological testing. The serovars recovered included Salmonella enterica serovars Anatum, Muenchen, Altona, Kralingen, Kentucky, and Montevideo; Salmonella Anatum was the most frequently recovered serotype. Phage-positive samples were distributed evenly over the three feedlots, suggesting that phage prevalence is not strongly correlated with the presence of culturable Salmonella. Phages were found more frequently in soil and feces than in feed and water samples. The recovery of bacteriophages in the Salmonella-free feedlot suggests that phages might play a role in suppressing the Salmonella population in a feedlot environment.
Héctor Tobar’s The Tattooed Soldier and the Latino/a trauma narrative

This article posits Guatemalan American writer Hector Tobar’s novel as an alternative to Latina/o representations of historical trauma following immigration to the United States. Scholarship on US Latino/a trauma narratives predominantly argues that past trauma experienced by immigrants in their Latin American or Caribbean homelands finds resolution through the existence of a collective Latino/a community that is able to perform the therapeutic function of witnessing. Tobar’s novel, however, represents ongoing traumas in order to question the possibility that this kind of community can exist for Guatemalan immigrants. This reading challenges accepted notions that narrative can heal historical traumas by giving voice to past atrocities and instead highlights the ongoing traumatic consequences of US imperialism in Central America, subsequent differential immigration policy towards Guatemalans, and the incorporation of US immigrants into US-Latino/a racial categories that make invisible important ethnic, class, and national origin differences among immigrant groups.
TMI: HONEST CLAIMS AND RISK OF OVERDISCLOSURE IN CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGNS

Narratives are a vehicle for assembling details about ideas and a structure for communicating them to a wider audience. In this study, I examine narrative honesty and the extent to which they convey credible claims for acquiring financial support. I argue claims with quantifiable details that make distinctions are beneficial, but that potential backers penalize overly complex and speculative claims. I test this argument by analyzing a sample of crowdfunding campaign texts and find supporting evidence for my predictions. These results advance the literature on entrepreneurial narratives and establish some baseline characteristics of donationand rewardbased crowdfunding sites.
Health Care Transformation: The Role of Academic Health Centers and Their Psychologists.

The health care system of the United States has been in a period of dramatic transformation since the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, and the rate of change is accelerating. Historically, health care delivery was focused on the efforts of independent individual providers related to single patients, but the future will require interprofessional teamwork to achieve successful transformation. Academic health centers must identify nimble leaders who can harness the expertise of every team member to succeed in yielding the triple aim—better care for individuals, better health for populations, and lower overall cost. To create this change, there are several critical success factors for academic health center leaders, including creating a culture of collaboration, becoming “multipliers,” embracing innovation, adhering to core professional ethics, and working to promote resilience. Given their extensive training and predisposition to these skills, psychologists are well-positioned to serve as leaders in today’s academic health systems.
Development of an optical ruler for range finding using a binary Fresnel hologram

We propose an optical ruler for range finding using a Fresnel hologram which can project several different diffraction images depending on the imaging distance. The distance resolution equivalent to the scale width of a ruler was obtained by computer simulation. The optical ruler was fabricated using electron beam lithography. The fabricated optical ruler acted on a ruler for range finding with distance resolution of 20 millimeters.