cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sex-of-Observer on Female Actors' Causal Attributions for Success and Failure

Female actors succeeded or failed at a laboratory task in the presence of male observers, female observers, or in a control group by themselves. As predicted, actors attributed responsibility for both success and failure more dispositionally before male observers than female observers. All observers attributed responsibility more dispositionally than did actors themselves.
Isolation ofGlomerella musae [teleomorph ofColletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx.] and segregation analysis of ascospore progeny

Abstract The sexual stage of Colletotrichum musae has been obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Development of the sexual stage required light and suboptimal growth temperature. Meiosis was apparent as judged by the formation of perithecia typical of ascomycetes classified as Glomerella . Perithecia contained as many as 50–80 asci, each of which contained up to eight ascospores. The ascospores were larger than conidia and were easily dissected for segregation analysis of either random spores or tetrads. In order to determine if this meiotic system was homothallic or heterothallic, chlorate-resistant mutants were isolated and crossed with wild type. Chlorate resistance and susceptibility segregated in a 1:1 ratio, indicating that this system was heterothallic. Sexual recombination was observed by analyzing the segregation of several DNA markers identified by amplification of polymorphic fragments of genomic DNA using single oligonucleotide primers and Taq DNA polymerase. Segregation consistent with mendelian inheritance and sexual recombination of genetic markers indicated that it is feasible to construct a genetic map for this species. The complexity of sexual compatibility was analyzed by crossing several ascospore progeny which identified four distinct mating types.
The Epidemic of Thyroid Cancer in the United States: The Role of Endocrinologists and Ultrasounds

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased at an alarming rate in both men and women in the United States. The etiology of this epidemic is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that a significant component of this epidemic is due to increased detection of occult disease. We examined whether the density of endocrinologists and general surgeons as well as employment of cervical ultrasonography were factors associated with this epidemic. Methods: Thyroid cancer incidence rates by states were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics 1999–2009 reported by the National Program of Cancer Registries. The densities of endocrinologists and general surgeons and the employment of cervical ultrasonography were calculated on a statewide basis and correlated with the incidence of thyroid cancer. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates of thyroid cancer have increased in every state in the United States. Significant regional variations were noted, with the highest incidence rates in the northeast a...
Teratogenicity of cyclohexylamine in mammals.

Abstract Primigravid Swiss-Webster mice were injected with cyclohexylamine, 61, 77, or 122 mg/kg ip on gestational day 11 (plug = day 1). All three doses significantly depressed fetal body weight; the higher two doses significantly increased in utero deaths. Day 19 fetuses were examined: 0 190 had visible gross anomalies, 3 84 had soft tissue malformations, and 1 98 had a skeletal anomaly. The incidences of anomalies were not dose-related or significantly different from control incidences.
Dark matter: Many birds, one stone

A new theory for dark matter has the power to explain several experimental results simultaneously, even those seemingly at odds with each other.
Estimates of Antarctic precipitation

PRECIPITATION fluctuations over Antarctica are a potentially important contributor to variations in global sea level1,2. Direct measurement of precipitation is, however, fraught with practical difficulties3. Two methods may be used to calculate indirectly the net flux of water (precipitation minus sublimation rate) to the surface of Antarctica: the first uses values of poleward atmospheric moisture transport obtained from climatological studies, and the second uses glaciological measurements of the accumulation rate. Here I show that the two estimates so derived are in marked disagreement for the entire continent but concur for the interior area between 80° S and the pole. I conclude that the large discrepancy near the coast is due to a calculated poleward moisture transport that is smaller than the actual value, as a result of deficiencies in evaluating the effects of cyclones and surface winds at the coast. Improvements in the climatological atmospheric database should therefore make possible reliable estimates of Antarctic precipitation variations.
A general corrective procedure for the numerical solution of initial-value problems☆

Abstract In many circumstances the finite difference equations used in the solution of an initial-value problem must be solved by an iteration process at each time step. This paper proposes a technique that permits crude iteration to be used without leading to a disastrous accumulation of error after many cycles of time advancement. The technique, which is quite general, is discussed for two examples. The second of these applications accounts for the success of the Marker-and-Cell computing method for the solution of incompressible fluid flow problems.
A Day Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory – Emily S. Rosenberg

This is a brilliantly conceived, carefully organized, and persuasively argued exploration of the way in which the interaction of history and memory, guided and transformed by modern media, can prof...
Evaluation of retentate recycle effect on enrichment of less permeable gas component in a membrane permeator

Abstract In the present paper, a theoretical examination is made of the retentate recycle to the permeate stream, which was verified experimentally as an effective method for enriching the less permeable component in the retentate stream using hollow fiber membrane permeators. The concentration of the less permeable gas component in the retentate was calculated as a function of membrane area, cut, pressure ratio, ideal separation factor, and the retentate recycle ratio. The concentration of the less permeable gas in the retentate had a maximum point as a function of the recycle ratio at a given operating condition (constant membrane area and pressure ratio). The recycle was more effective for obtaining high purity of the less permeable component when a more selective membrane (high separation factor) rather than a less selective one was used. It was also more effective with a large pressure ratio than with a small pressure ratio. The evaluation of the separation efficiency by Rony's extent of separation and the tails separation factor also indicated that the case with the retentate recycle was more effective for obtaining high purity less permeable component than the case without the recycle, especially for a highly selective membrane and high pressure ratio. On the other hand, the retentate recycle to the feed was found to have no effect in improving the concentration in this calculation range.
Reliability-based analysis and design optimization for durability

In the Army mechanical fatigue subject to external and inertia transient loads in the service life of mechanical systems often leads to a structural failure due to accumulated damage. Structural durability analysis that predicts the fatigue life of mechanical components subject to dynamic stresses and strains is a compute intensive multidisciplinary simulation process, since it requires the integration of several computer-aided engineering tools and considerable data communication and computation. Uncertainties in geometric dimensions due to manufacturing tolerances cause the indeterministic nature of the fatigue life of a mechanical component. Due to the fact that uncertainty propagation to structural fatigue under transient dynamic loading is not only numerically complicated but also extremely computationally expensive, it is a challenging task to develop a structural durability-based design optimization process and reliability analysis to ascertain whether the optimal design is reliable. The objective of this paper is the demonstration of an integrated CAD-based computer-aided engineering process to effectively carry out design optimization for structural durability, yielding a durable and cost-effectively manufacturable product. This paper shows preliminary results of reliability-based durability design optimization for the Army Stryker A-Arm.
Phylogenetic Relationships of African Killifishes in the GeneraAphyosemionandFundulopanchaxInferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Abstract We have analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 52 species representing all defined species groups (J. J. Scheel, 1990, Atlas of Killifishes of the Old World, 448 pp.) of the African aplocheiloid fish genera Aphyosemion and Fundulopanchax in order to examine their interrelationships and to reveal trends of karyotypic evolution. The data set comprised 785 total nucleotides from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cytochrome b genes. The molecular-based topologies analyzed by both maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining support the monophyly of most previously defined species groups within these two killifish genera. The genus Aphyosemion is monophyletic except for the nested position of Fundulopanchax kunzi ( batesi group; subgenus Raddaella ) within this clade, suggesting that this taxon was improperly assigned to Fundulopanchax. The remaining Fundulopanchax species sampled were supported as being monophyletic in most analyses. Relationships among the species groups in both genera were not as strongly supported, suggesting that further data will be required to resolve these relationships. Additional sampling from the 16S rRNA gene allowed further resolution of relationships within Fundulopanchax, more specifically identifying the nonannual scheeli group as the basal lineage of this otherwise annual genus. Chromosomal evolution within Aphyosemion has been episodic, with the evolution of a reduced n = 9–10 metacentric complement having occurred in multiple, independent lineages. Polarity of chromosomal reductions within the elegans species group appears to support previous hypotheses concerning mechanisms of karyotypic change within the genus Aphyosemion.
A numerical model for optimal control of a heat-pump/heat-storage system

Abstract A model for optimal control of a heat-pump system with a storage tank is developed. The numerical solution is obtained by transforming the free boundary condition problem into one with fixed boundary conditions and solving for the optimal pattern of heat-pump control under varying ambient and source temperature distributions. The effects of source-temperature and mass storage on optimal cost are investigated and an approximate method of predicting energy savings is given. Simulation results suggest that, depending on the source-temperature, storage capacity and building load, significant energy savings can be made.
Correlations in flux liquids with weak disorder

The response of an entangled flux liquid to a quenched random potential is studied. Dense flux liquids are stable to weak disorder and will persist even if the Abrikosov flux lattice is replaced by a vortex glass at low temperatures. Disorder produces ``Lorentzian-squared'' corrections to the vortex liquid structure function that may be detectable via neutron scattering. Our results are obtained by mapping the statistical mechanics of vortex lines onto the physics of disordered bosons in two dimensions and via a simpler hydrodynamic approach. A renormalization-group analysis shows that disorder does become relevant sufficiently close to ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}1}$, where it is no longer screened out by thermal fluctuations. We are unable to determine if this instability leads to a vortex glass state or simply represents a crossover to new critical exponents at the lower critical field.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase from the marine macroalga Ulva curvata: purification and characterization of the enzyme

This is a report on the purification and characterization of an algal dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase. This enzyme, also found in bacteria, is responsible for producing most of the dimethylsulfide (DMS) in marine environments. It was purified from the green macroalga, Ulva curvata (Kutzing) De Toni. Initial in-vivo experiments showed that DMSP lyase activity from endogenous DMSP in Ulva increased for 24 h and then decreased as the culture aged and endogenous DMSP levels were depleted. When amended with exogenous DMSP, rates of DMSP lyase activity remained high even when the culture was 5 d old. Following disruption of the DMSP-depleted U. curvata cells by grinding, a soluble DMSP lyase was purified. This enzyme is a monomer of 78 kDa which has a Km for DMSP of 0.52 mM. Soluble DMSP lyase had an optimum pH of 8 and an optimum osmotic strength of 75 mM NaCl. Following disruption of the algae by either grinding with sand or blending, and washing out the soluble enzyme, the green tissue, when treated with the non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100, solubilized additional DMSP lyase activity. Three hydrophobic variant forms of Ulva DMSP lyase were isolated and partially characterized from the detergent-solubilized activity. While the molecular and kinetic properties of the algal enzyme are different from the bacterial enzymes we purified earlier, both the soluble and membrane-bound forms did, nevertheless, cross-react with antibodies raised against the bacterial (Alcaligenes strain M3A) DMSP lyase.
Learning of leg position by the ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalma.

Experiments were carried out on the ability of single legs of the whole ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalma to learn to avoid the receipt of electric shocks coupled with leg position (the Horridge paradigm). Ocypode is a common, hardy, very active, air-breathing subtropical species. Aversive shocks were delivered through a silver wire attached to the dactylopodite whenever the leg was lowered into a dish of sea water. Tests were made comparing position (P) animals with yoked (random, R) controls, on intact crabs and also ones from which the cerebral ganglion had been removed. Preparations that showed leg-position learning were then subjected to further training by bringing them sufficiently close to the water to receive shocks again. All of the animals tested showed some initial improvement in shock avoidance. This was always achieved by the use of one or more natural flexion movements, the commonest being at the meropodite/carpodite, followed by the coxopodite/basipodite, and the propodite/dactylopodite. In successive training, progressively greater flexion was achieved by the use of one or more additional joints. Debrained animals learned better than intact ones. Yoked controls performed badly and often did not learn at all when tested as position animals immediately after the animal they were linked with had learned to avoid shocks. Learning occurred about six times as fast as in comparable insect preparations, under 2 min compared with an average of 8 min. But retention, either with or without reinforcement, was much shorter in the crab preparations than in their insect counterparts; 3 to 4 hr compared with 2 days or more. It is concluded that crab preparations may be valuable for exploration of the cellular neuronal mechanisms underlying shock-avoidance leg-position learning.
Transvenous pacemakers in children: Relation of lead length to anticipated growth

Although transvenous pacing is feasible in infants and children, uncertainty remains as to how to allow for future growth at the time of lead insertion. Accordingly, we retrospectively reviewed the relation between age and transvenous lead length. Standard posteroanterior chest roentgenograms were reviewed for 26 patients with transvenous pacemakers inserted at Babies Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital between 1985 and 1989. Sixteen of these were children (age range, 0.75 to 15 years) and 10 were adults (age range, 27 to 90 years). The intravascular length of right ventricular pacing leads was measured as projected on the roentgenogram. In 10 children, the presence of lead loops in the right atrium required the lead length that would have resulted from conventional placement to be estimated. Results for right ventricular pacing lead lengths were correlated with age using linear regression analysis. Average uncorrected lead length measured on the roentgenogram was 345 +/- 35 mm (standard deviation) in adults and 222 +/- 51 mm in children. The use of right atrial loops increased implanted lead length by an estimated 79 mm, from 188 +/- 26 to 267 +/- 43 mm. The difference between lead length in children and adults was analyzed. Approximately 190 mm of additional right ventricular pacing lead in infants and 100 mm in 10-year-old children was needed for growth to adult size. We conclude that an 80-mm right atrial lead loop will allow 6 to 12 years (mean, 8 years) of growth in infants and children without the need for reoperation to adjust lead length.
Correlation between antenna radiation pattern and field performance for global positioning systems in telematics as a function of antenna placement

The effect of antenna placement on the global positioning system (GPS) performance in telematics is investigated. Two sets of measurements were conducted. The first set consisted of measuring the vehicle-level antenna radiation pattern at three distinct antenna locations on a sedan vehicle. The second set consisted of a series of drive tests in three distinct driving environments. The field data were collected in parallel for each antenna location in all driving environments. GPS availability and accuracy results from the field testing are correlated to the vehicle-level antenna radiation pattern measurements. Results are presented to show the impact of the antenna placement on the GPS system performance and to demonstrate the good correlation between the vehicle-level radiation pattern measurements and the performance in the field.
Some theoretical considerations of the surface tension of liquid metals for metal matrix composites

This paper presents a model for calculating the surface tension of pure metals and their alloys. It is based upon the theory of Eyringet al. which uses classical statistical physics to describe the thermodynamic properties of metals in the liquid state. Calculations show the surface tension of pure aluminium to be nearly 9% greater than that measured for pure aluminium having a monolayer of oxide (Al2O3), and within about 10% of measured values for Al-xMg and Al−xCu, wherex is the weight percent of the alloying element. In the present calculations 0 ≤x≤8 wt% for magnesium and 0≤x≤30 wt% for copper were used. The values calculated are also in good agreement with results from other models. The model was also used to calculate the temperature coefficient. For pure aluminium the calculated values fall within experimental measurements, and exhibit a slight temperature dependence.
Microvessel density in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors and its correlation with clinical staging parameters.

Objective: Our objective was to assess angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell primary tumors and measure its correlation with tumor site and clinical and pathologic staging parameters. Study Design: Patients from the tumor registries of the University of Louisville and affiliated hospitals who had biopsy-proven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively assessed over a 5-year period (1995–2000). Methods: Patient records were reviewed for tumor site, TNM staging, surgical treatment, and tumor pathologic staging data. Cell blocks were obtained for each of the study patients, and CD31 staining was used to measure microvessel density (MVD) in areas of primary tumor hot spots. Results: Twenty-eight consecutive patients met inclusion criteria and had adequate cell blocks for evaluation. MVD for T3 staged (41.2 MVD, mean) and T4 staged (36.4 MVD, mean) tumors were higher than earlier staged T1 staged (31.3 MVD, mean) and T2 staged (24.9 MVD, mean) tumors. Laryngeal T3 and T4 tumors had MVDs as high as 43.4 MVD (mean) and 40.4 MVD (mean), respectively, compared with a 23.9 MVD for T2 tumors. This difference was statistically significant (P < .01). Our report indicates a trend toward increasing MVD with N-stage. Conclusion: Our series demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between MVD in primary tumor hot spots and tumor T-stage, which implies that tumor angiogenesis may be a factor in tumor progression.
Comparison of two populations of Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) as candidates for biological control of the invasive weed Schinus terebinthifolia (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae)

Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) (hereafter Schinus), is one of the worst invasive species in Florida and Hawaii. The thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is being considered as a potential biological control agent of Schinus. Two populations of this thrips were collected in the weed's native range; one from central-east Brazil (Ouro Preto thrips) and a second from north-east Brazil (Salvador thrips). Temperature requirements, adult fecundity and impact on different plant haplotypes by P. ichini were examined in the laboratory. Complete development of thrips from both populations occurred at temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C. Two approaches were used to model the predicted distributions of the thrips populations in the USA: the physiological model (NAPPFAST) based on cold tolerance and the ecological niche model based on climatic variables (MaxEnt). The physiological model predicted that both populations of P. ichini may est...
Reliability assessment using stochastic local regression

A primary challenge of stochastic analysis is to discover rigorous ways to estimate the low probability of failure which is critical to reliability constraints. In this paper, a new framework is proposed for the improved estimation of the low failure probability. Combining the significant advantages of the polynomial chaos expansion, Karhunen-Loeve transform and local regression method will result in a new simulation-based modelling technique that enables the accuracy of the structural integrity prediction. The proposed procedure can allow for realistic modelling of sophisticated statistical variations and facilitate in order to achieve improved reliability by eliminating unnecessary conservative approximations. Several specific examples including a three-bar truss and an unmanned undersea vehicle are depicted to illustrate how the method is used to provide a quantitative basis for developing robust designs associated with the low probability of failure.
SEM/EDX Studies on Association of Mineral Matter in Coal

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to determine the nature of the association between mineral matter and bituminous coal from Bruceton mine, Pittsburgh, PA
Decentralized adaptive control of manipulators: theory, simulation, and experimentation

The author presents a simple decentralized adaptive control scheme for multijoint robot manipulators based on the independent joint control concept. The control objective is to achieve accurate tracking of desired joint trajectories. The proposed control scheme does not use the complex manipulator dynamic model, and each joint is controlled simply by a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) feedback controller and a position-velocity-acceleration feedforward controller, both with adjustable gains. Simulation results are given for a two-link direct-drive manipulator under adaptive independent joint control. The results illustrate trajectory tracking under coupled dynamics and varying payload. The proposed scheme is implemented on a MicroVAX II computer for motion control of the three major joints of a PUMA 560 arm. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that trajectory tracking is achieved despite coupled nonlinear joint dynamics. >
Socratic caesura and the theory‐practice relationship

We wish to suggest that the prevailing relationship between theory and practice is an alienated one. We will sketch the three historical moments in the history of theory and practice, and point to a reconceptualization of the relationship which might create a vital tension between the two, invigorating both. The prevailing view is that theory exists to be translated into practice. It is a view sufficiently common in our time as to seem inevitable, as somehow "natural." Graduate students in curriculum often look to curriculum theorists to provide such guidance. School officials have tended to stop looking to us for guidance, many dismiss us with the cynical disenchantment of a disappointed lover. The view of the practitioner is often anti-theoretical: "If I can't use it, it's worthless." In hard times like the present ones, curriculum theory can seem an ornament, nice to have around if you can afford it but hardly necessary. We suggest that this divorce, which appears to become less amicable each year, between theorist and practitioner, theory and practice, is due to a misunderstanding for which neither of us is responsible. It is a misunderstanding that probably was bound to occur given the origin of the curriculum field, and the taken-for-granted ideas of the theory-practice relationship which exist, not only in our field, but in nearly every academic field in the contemporary period. It almost goes without saying that in a paper of this length we cannot portray the origin of the cur-
Factors associated with the failure of patients to complete cardiac rehabilitation for medical and nonmedical reasons.

Purpose Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) provides effective secondary prevention services, but many patients fail to complete the recommended program. The purposes of this study were to describe completion rates in a hospital-based outpatient CR program, and to identify factors associated with patients failing to complete CR because of nonmedical and medical reasons. Methods Data used for the analyses were from a hospital-based CR program involving 526 discharged patients between January 1996 and February 2002. Patient discharge status was classified into three categories: complete, noncomplete-medical reasons, and noncomplete-nonmedical reasons. Logistic regression modeling identified factors associated with the groups failing to complete CR. Results The rate of CR completion was 58% (304/526). Among the 222 patients who did not complete CR, 139 (63%) had nonmedical reasons. As compared with the patients who completed CR, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for those who did not complete CR because of nonmedical reasons were more likely to be employed (AOR 2.2), to be obese (AOR 2.5), to be smokers (AOR 2.1), and to have shorter 6-minute walk distances (AOR 1.7). They were less likely to be women (AOR 0.6) or have diabetes (AOR 0.5). Patients not completing CR for medical reasons were more likely to be categorized as being at high clinical risk (AOR 4.2) and having shorter 6-minute walk distances (AOR 1.9). Conclusion Except for low functional capacity, baseline factors associated with patients failing to complete CR differed on the basis of medical or nonmedical reasons. The development of interventions that address the special needs of patients with low functional capacity may be especially important in attempts to retain this high-risk group in CR therapy.
Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part I: Phenomenology

Abstract Compositions within the lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) solid solution system have been extensively used in polycrystalline ceramic form in a wide range of piezoelectric transducer applications. However, the growth of good quality PZT single crystals for compositions across the entire phase diagram has not been accomplished. Due to the lack of single-crystal data, an understanding of the properties of polycrystalline PZT has been limited. If the single domain (intrinsic) properties of PZT could be determined, then the extrinsic contributions (e.g. domain wall and defect motions) to the polycrystalline properties could be separated from the intrinsic contributions. The purpose of this research has been to develop a thermodynamic phenomenological theory to model the phase transitions and single-domain properties of the PZT system. This paper is the first of a series of five papers describing the thermodynamic theory of PZT that has been developed for the entire solid solution system. In this paper th...
Modification of emulsion properties by heteroaggregation of oppositely charged starch-coated and protein-coated fat droplets

Abstract The manuscript describes the formation and characterization of emulsions formed by controlled heteroaggregation of oppositely charged fat droplets coated by either cationic whey protein isolate (WPI) or anionic modified starch (MS). Heteroaggregation was induced by mixing two the oppositely charged 20 wt% oil-in-water emulsions together ( d 43 ≈ 380 nm) at pH 3.5. The mean particle diameter, electrical charge, and micro-structure of the heteroaggregates formed were measured as a function of negative-to positive particle ratio (0–100%) and pH (2.5–6.5). WPI-coated fat droplets were positive below pH 5.5 and negative above this value, while MS-coated fat droplets were negatively charged across the entire pH range. Upon mixing the two types of fat droplets together we found that the largest aggregates and highest viscosity occurred at a particle ratio of 70% MS and 30% WPI, which was attributed to strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged droplets. The heteroaggregates partly dissociated at certain pH values, which was attributed to weakening of the electrostatic attraction between the different droplets. Heteroaggregates formed by oppositely charged fat droplets may be useful for creating specific food structures that lead to desirable physicochemical properties, such as enhanced viscosity at low fat content.
The spatial dependency of crime increase dispersion

A number of analytical techniques (such as the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve) can identify unequal distributions in crime frequency among sub-areas within a study region; however, these tools are often aspatial and say nothing about the relationships between spatial units. Using dispersion analysis, a technique that measures the relative dispersion of a crime increase across a region allows for the identification of particular spatial units that are sufficiently influential to drive up the overall jurisdictional crime rate. In this article, a combination of the order of areal units from a dispersion analysis with a measure of the local level of spatial association is used to develop a tool that can identify clustered areas of emerging crime problems. The identification of these second-order spatial processes may be beneficial to police departments and crime prevention practitioners who are interested in the identification of statistically significant clusters of emerging crime hotspots. The process is demonstrated with an example of robbery rates in police sectors of Philadelphia, PA.
Evaluation of women with clinically suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome during pregnancy.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS) is more common in women, and commonly occurs during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period. An important clinical issue is the distinction of TTP-HUS from the more common obstetric complications, preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelets). Clinical suspicion of TTP-HUS requires urgent intervention with plasma exchange treatment, a procedure with substantial risk, while preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome typically resolve spontaneously following delivery. Since clinical features of these syndromes can be similar, especially if preeclampsia becomes severe or if seizures (defining eclampsia) occur, the differential diagnosis may be arbitrary. This review addresses the evaluation and management of these syndromes and describes a clinical approach for determining when plasma exchange is appropriate. J. Clin. Apheresis 16:202–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spreading-invariant sequences and processes on bounded index sets

We say that a random sequence is spreadable if all subsequences of equal length have the same distribution. For infinite sequences the notion is equivalent to exchangeability but for finite sequences it is more general. The present paper is devoted to a systematic study of finite spreadable sequences and of processes on [0, 1] with spreadable increments. In particular, we show how many basic results in the exchangeable case—notably the predictable sampling theorem, the Wald-type identities, and various martingale and weak convergence results—admit extensions to a spreadable setting. We also identify some additional conditions that ensure the exchangeability of a spreadable sequence or process.
Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets

Abstract The acute phase response (APR) is a key part of the innate immune system and acute phase proteins (APPs) represent the core of the early response to stimuli such as trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and autoimmune disease. These biomarkers have a different timeline and magnitude of expression vs traditional means of examining inflammation (e.g., total white blood count and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio). Extensive studies conducted in companion and large animals have demonstrated many clinical applications for inflammatory biomarkers including diagnosis, prognosis, detection of subclinical disease and chronic inflammation, and monitoring stress. This article provides information regarding the APR and the uses of APP quantitation, as well as the growing body of information on APPSs in exotic animals.
Haploinsufficiency in mouse models of DNA repair deficiency: modifiers of penetrance

Mouse models of DNA repair deficiency are useful tools for determining susceptibility to disease. Cancer predisposition and premature aging are commonly impacted by deficiencies in DNA repair, presumably as a function of reduced genomic fitness. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of all DNA repair mutant mouse models has been completed in order to assess the importance of haploinsufficiency for these genes. This analysis brings to light a clear role for haploinsufficiency in disease predisposition. Unfortunately, much of the data on heterozygous models are buried or underinvestigated. In light of a better understanding that the role of DNA repair haploinsufficiency may play in penetrance of other oncogenic or disease causing factors, it may be in the interest of human health and disease prevention to further investigate the phenotypes in many of these mouse models.
Calculations of horizontal mixing rates using 222Rn and the controls on hypoxia in western Long Island Sound, 1991

Late summer hypoxia ( 5–50 m2 s−1), which is considerably slower than previous estimates. Scale analysis of the hypoxia process indicates that horizontal transport rates alone can explain the slow progression of hypoxia in XLIS but that vertical processes may also be capable of delaying the onset of hypoxia especially under conditions of weak stratification or weak intermediate layer oxygen consumption. This scale analysis indicates a delicately balanced process that is sensitive to both climatologically-driven variability in the rates of horizontal and vertical transport as well as the biologically-driven rates of oxygen consumption. An improved ability to predict and/or control hypoxia must be based on a better understanding of temporal and spacial variations in circulation, mixing, and stratification as well as the biological processes in the water column and the sediments.
A mechanistic investigation of di-tert-butyl nitroxide using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) have been used to evaluate the electron-transfer mechanism of di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DTBN) in acetonitrile. The oxidation of DTBN is coupled to a rapid, irreversible chemical follow-up step that is difficult to characterize quantitatively with CV due to distortion of the voltammograms by solution resistance and mixed radial–linear diffusion within the scan rate region of interest. Collection efficiencies from the tip generation substrate collection (TGSC) mode of SECM were used to determine a rate constant of 21 s−1 for the follow-up reaction. Collection efficiency versus distance plots obtained at 5 and 50 mM DTBN concentration are identical, confirming the first-order nature of the chemical reaction. Numerical simulation of linear scan voltammograms obtained at different tip/substrate distances provides a heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant of 0.85 cm s−1.
Suitability of spectral remote sensing for coral reef surveying, monitoring and mapping

Many researchers consider coral reefs the 'rainforests of the oceans' because they cover such a small area and yet provide homes for literally thousands of unique marine species. A multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing satellite, with its spectral coverage, offers iadvantages over traditional methodologies for coral reef surveying, monitoring, and mapping. This apper presents research into the suitabilty of spectral remote sensing for coral reed surveying, monitoring and mapping. This paper presents research into the suitability of spectral remote sensing for coral reef surveying, monitoring and mapping using the SeaWiFS multispectral ocean color data for illustration. We describe the information technology developed to support this research and provide an overview of the database driven web application, which was developed to allow live interaction with the data. A database of in situ observations from the ReefBase web site was used as validation data as part of this investigation. This discussion includes details on the XML representation of the satellite and in situ data and metadat. It also introduces a dynamic Java Visualization applet developed to allow the users to visually interact wiht the data. The paper concludes wiht a discussion of the suitability and additional advantages of using hyperspectral remote sensing technology for this application that exploits the full spectral characteristics of submerged coral reefs.
A Metamodeling Technique for Exploring the Correlation between Mobility and Environmental Factors at Signalized Intersections

Given the limitations of built-in emission estimation modules within current traffic simulations and signal optimization tools, this study aims to explore how the environmental impacts of transport are related to mobility measurements at signalized intersections based on high-fidelity simulation. The metamodeling-based method - involving experimental design, high-fidelity simulations, and multivariate regression analysis - is developed in this paper. The high-fidelity simulations - from microscopic traffic modeling and emerging emission estimator - provide the flexibility of utilizing various intersection types, vehicle types, and other characteristics such as drivers' behaviors, fuel types and meteorological factors. The multivariate multiple regression analysis provides large gains in expected prediction accuracy by taking the correlations between the response variables into account. The case studies demonstrate the operability of the proposed methodology and also set up the base for extensive application of simulation optimization to sustainable traffic operations and management.
Effects of reinforcer type on rats' sensitivity to variation in reinforcer amount and reinforcer delay.

Twenty rats, divided into two groups, served as subjects in an experiment that examined choices between reinforcers that varied in amount or delay. One group received food reinforcers, and the other water reinforcers. No difference was found between the two groups in their values of sA (tendency of choice behavior to vary in accordance with variation in reinforcer amount). However, Group Food had significantly lower values of sD (tendency of choice behavior to vary in accordance with variation in reinforcer delay) than did Group Water, and Group Food's values of sAsD (a measure related to self-control-choices of larger, more delayed over smaller, less delayed reinforcers) tended to be greater than for Group Water. Finally, over the session, sA and sAsD showed no significant change, overall response rates decreased, and sD increased. Taken together, these results suggest that, independent of deprivation level, self-control for water is less than self-control for food.
Role of hydrodynamic factors in ammonia desorption by diffused aeration

Abstract Dimensional analysis and the theory of models were used to derive an equation describing the rate of ammonia removal from water by diffused aeration. The mass transfer process was correlated with hydrodynamic variables reflecting the geometry of the system, the air flow and the liquid properties. A proposed mathematical model describes this relationship in the form of the criterial equation
On the desoxypentose nucleic acids from several microorganisms.

Abstract The isolation of the desoxypentose nucleic acids of three microorganisms, viz. Serratia marcescens, a facultatively autotrophic hydrogen organism Bacillus Schatz, and Hemophilus influenzae, type c, is described. The composition of these substances with respect to the contents of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine was determined; this led to their classification in regard to the DNA types to which they belong. A procedure for the separation of the purines adenine and guanine from the pyrimidines cytosine and thymine by adsorption chromatography on filter paper with water as the solvent has been developed.
Phylogeographic structure and northward range expansion in the barnacle Chthamalus fragilis

The barnacle Chthamalus fragilis is found along the US Atlantic seaboard historically from the Chesapeake Bay southward, and in the Gulf of Mexico. It appeared in New England circa 1900 coincident with warming temperatures, and is now a conspicuous member of rocky intertidal communities extending through the northern shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The origin of northern C. fragilis is debated. It may have spread to New England from the northern end of its historic range through larval transport by ocean currents, possibly mediated by the construction of piers, marinas, and other anthropogenic structures that provided new hard substrate habitat. Alternatively, it may have been introduced by fouling on ships originating farther south in its historic distribution. Here we examine mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequence diversity and the distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes of C. fragilis from 11 localities ranging from Cape Cod, to Tampa Bay, Florida. We found significant genetic structure between northern and southern populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three well-supported reciprocally monophyletic haplogroups, including one haplogroup that is restricted to New England and Virginia populations. While the distances between clades do not suggest cryptic speciation, selection and dispersal barriers may be driving the observed structure. Our data are consistent with an expansion of C. fragilis from the northern end of its mid-19th century range into Massachusetts.
Sexy Ladies Sexing Ladies: Women as Consumers in Strip Clubs

Recent shifts in the consumer base of the sex industry have involved greater female attendance in strip clubs. This article examines how strip clubs and dancers incorporate female patrons into a sexualized space traditionally designed for men by identifying three interactional processes: passing over, sidestaging, and tailoring. We suggest dancers pass over women because they perceive female patron behavior to include resistance to "buying the game" and spending patterns that diverge from male customers. Drawing on Goffman's dramaturgical analysis, we suggest the dynamic relationship between dancer and female patron involves what we term sidestaging, which refers to both dancers' disclosure and how the club's spatial organization inhibits the construction of women as customers through sharing gendered spaces, such as the bathroom. We argue that when a dancer tailors her lap dance for a female patron, she succeeds in acknowledging the female customer's sexual subjectivity and potential same-sex desires by providing an individualized avenue for exploring an erotic experience. Finally, we discuss data implications for understanding how same-sex desire and sexual identity operate in an environment that eroticizes the female form, and how the strip club becomes a potential space for engaging in same-sex eroticism that includes elements of play.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology

Despite widespread application of nucleic acid diagnostics, cultures remain integral in modern laboratories. Because cultures detect a large number of organism types, it is unlikely that they will disappear from clinical practice in the near future. Their downside is slow turn-around time, impacted by time to growth and identification of that growth. The latter is expedited using a new proteomic technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
THE RIGHT ANSWER TO THE WRONG QUESTION: IDENTIFYING SUPERIOR ACTIVE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

The debate over the value of active portfolio management has often centered on whether the average active manager is capable of producing returns that exceed expectations. We argue that a more useful way to frame this issue is to focus on identifying those managers who are the most likely to generate superior risk-adjusted returns (i.e., alpha) in the future. Using a style-classified sample of mutual funds, we document several tractable relationships between observable fund characteristics and its future alpha, most notably the tendency for performance to persist over time. While median managers produce positive risk-adjusted performance approximately 45% of the time, we document a selection process that improves an investor’s probability of identifying a superior active manager to almost 60%. We conclude that there is a place in the investor’s portfolio for the properly chosen active manager.
Mechanisms of signal transduction in photo-stimulated secretion in Phaeocystis globosa.

Phaeocystis globosa, a leading agent in marine carbon cycling, releases its photosynthesized biopolymers via regulated exocytosis. Release is elicited by blue light and relayed by a characteristic cytosolic Ca2+ signal. However, the source of Ca2+ in these cells has not been established. The present studies indicate that Phaeocystis’ secretory granules work as an intracellular Ca2+ oscillator. Optical tomography reveals that photo-stimulation induces InsP3-triggered periodic lumenal [Ca2+] oscillations in the granule and corresponding out-of-phase cytosolic oscillations of [Ca2+] that trigger exocytosis. This Ca2+ dynamics results from an interplay between the intragranular polyanionic matrix, and two Ca2+-sensitive ion channels located on the granule membrane: an InsP3-receptor-Ca2+ channel, and an apamin-sensitive K+ channel.