cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Load and resistance factor design of composite columns

Test capacities of composite concrete-encased steel profile and concrete-filled tube columns and beam-columns are compared with predictions of the design model of the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design criteria. Some 300 tests were examined. It was found that the design model is conservative, but that the scatter of the tests with respect to the AISC design model is also high. A first-order second-moment reliability study revealed that the concrete-encased members exceeded the target reliability index in the design specification, but that the concrete-filled tubes had an inadequate reliability index when compared to the target value. It is recommended that both a better design model and further tests are needed to arrive at satisfactory design criteria.
Discriminative validity of selected measures for differentiating normal from aphasic performance.

Normal elderly and mildly aphasic individuals may exhibit similar impairments in comprehension and expression. The discriminative validity between normal and aphasic performance on most standardized measures of aphasia has not been reported. The authors compared the performance of 18 aphasic and 18 normal adults to determine the discriminative validity of 2 general language measures—the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (B. E. Porch, 1967) and the Western Aphasia Battery (A. Kertesz, 1982)—and 2 functional communication measures—the Communication Activities of Daily Living-Second Edition (A. L. Holland, C. Frattali, & D. Fromm, 1999) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (C. Frattali, C. K. Thompson, A. L. Holland, C. B. Wohl, & M. K. Ferketic, 1995). All between-groups comparisons of summary scores for each measure showed significant mean differences. Expressive language ability and efficiency of performance best differentiated ...
Orbital-resolved partial density of states in YBa2Cu3O7.

Results of site-specific and orbital-resolved partial density of states of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} obtained from a first-principles self-consistent calculation using the orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals method are presented. Special features in the bonding of the apical oxygen, O(4) are emphasized. The usefulness of these results in the interpretation of some experimental data is discussed.
Give Your ODEs a Singular Perturbation

Singular perturbations occur when, contrary to natural expectations, small changes produce substantial effects. Consequently, special methods to approximate solutions, both computational and otherwise, are needed. The topic can provide one way to increase interest, motivation, and applicability of an ODE course or follow-up studies. This presentation is aimed at those well-grounded in the traditional coverage of scalar first-order ordinary differential equations and series solutions, rather than an applied audience needing to learn singular perturbations per se to asymptotically solve some physical problem they face. After figuring out the impact of singular perturbations on these special equations, we encourage the consideration of analogous perturbations for more general ODEs or even PDEs.
Quantitative Evaluation of Covalently Bound Molecules on GaP (100) Surfaces

The study utilizes surface sensitive techniques in order to quantitatively characterize the nature of organization and bonding of alkanethiol adsorbates on GaP (100) surfaces. The evaluation was performed using water contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hydrophobicity and consistency of surface roughness were studied via water contact angle and AFM. The FT-IR experimental protocol permitted the identification of characteristic functional groups on the surface and enabled insight into the organization within the adlayers on the GaP surface. XPS data showed evidence for the formation of a covalent bond between the sulfur and the surface and was used to calculate the adlayer thicknesses, tilt angles, and molecular coverages for different adsorbates. The thickness and tilt angles values were comparable to other modified semiconductor materials. High coverages were observed for all alkanethiols on GaP (100...
Survival rates of all-ceramic systems differ by clinical indication and fabrication method.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. Della Bona A, Kelly JR. JADA 2008;139(Supplement):8S-13S. Reviewers Martin F. Land, DDS, MSD Christa D. Hopp, DMD Purpose/Question To conduct a comprehensive literature review comparing the highest quality clinical evidence for restoration of teeth with all-ceramic restorations to provide an evidence base for clinical decision making. Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Comprehensive literature review. Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade C: Consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series for studies of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or screening.
Seeing and believing: Visual access and the strategic use of deception

While prior work has focused on the importance of visual access and visual cues to targets of deception, this article highlights its importance to deceivers. We introduce a new approach for conceptualizing deception and distinguish between two types of lies according to the relative value to the deceiver of being able to monitor the target's reaction to the lie; deceivers telling monitoring‐dependent lies benefit significantly more from being able to monitor their target than do deceivers telling monitoring‐independent lies. We examine this distinction and its implications for the strategic use of deception, by manipulating visual access in a negotiation experiment with teleconference and videoconference media. We find consistent differences between deceivers use of and consequences of these two types of lies as a function of visual access. First, the use of monitoring‐dependent lies was significantly greater with visual access than without it, while the use of monitoring‐independent lies was unaffected by visual access. Second, consistent with our conceptu‐alization, participants who lied were trusted less by their counterpart than were participants who did not lie, except when participants with visual access told monitoring‐dependent lies. In these cases deceivers were actually trusted more by their counterpart than participants who did not lie. These results support our conceptualization and suggest that visual access may actually harm potential targets of deception—by increasing their risk of being deceived and inappropriately increasing their interpersonal trust.
Asterixis and encephalopathy following metrizamide myelography: Investigations into possible mechanisms and review of the literature

Marked asterixis occurred in two patients following metrizamide myelography. One also suffered generalized seizures and the other had severe stuttering speech for seven days. The spectrum of toxic manifestations of metrizamide is reviewed with emphasis on the unusual lethargy and other depressive effects seen with this relatively safe agent. The hypothesis that metrizamide exerts a ouabain-like effect on the cortical surface was tested. Metrizamide in concentrations as high as 20 mM had no inhibitory effect on rat cerebral K+-para-nitrophenylphosphatase, a partial reaction of (Na1 + K1)-adenosine triphosphatase. Because metrizamide is a 2-deoxyglucose analogue, a competitive inhibition of hexokinase at the first step in glycolysis was also postulated. Metrizamide was found to competitively inhibit commercial (microbial) hexokinase. The Michaelis constant for glucose rises from 0.13 to 0.25 to 0.33 to 0.91 mM in the presence of 0, 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 mM metrizamide, respectively. Since the concentration of metrizamide over the cerebral cortex after routine myelography may be approximately 50 mM compared with a glucose concentration of only 3.6 mM (65 mg/dl), it is postulated that impaired brain glucose metabolism may be responsible for some of the toxic effects of metrizamide.
An iterative initialization scheme for mesoscale studies

An iterative technique to produce an initial set of consistent meteorological variables on a mesoscale basis is constructed. The development follows closely the earlier pioneering study of Miyakoda & Moyer (1968) who examined the feasibility of such a technique for synoptic scale initialization utilizing the linearized barotropic equations. The proposed scheme, on the other hand, employs the primitive equations of motion and emphasizes the three-dimensional structure. Another difference is the employment of a staggered grid which greatly facilitated the finite difference forms of the Laplacians and minimized some of the problems encountered in the earlier work. The present goal is to produce consistent sets of u , v , ? , ? , and theta-fields for subsequent mesoscale diagnosis. The structure of the various mesosystems, the horizontal and vertical subsynoptic circulations are studied. The immediate emphasis is not, however, on the examination of the initialized fields for possible use in prediction. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01670.x
Leaf development in senecio rowleyanus compositae

Prolonged apical growth of the leaf primordium and the presence of distinct marginal meristems do not occur in Senecio rowleyanus. Intercalary cell divisions accompanied by radial expansion of derivatives from an adaxial meristem account for the spherical shape of the leaf. The "window" in the lamina marks the position of the adaxial meristem and precludes interpretation of the leaf as being unifacial. Stomata are mesoperigenous and anomocytic in type. Schizogenous secretory canals occur in both the leaf and the stem, and their association with vascular bundles is discussed. The anatomy of the leaf is interpreted in terms of xeromorphy. THE MATURE FOLIAGE leaf of the bead vine, Senecio rowleyanus Jacob, also known as "Stringof-Pearls," is unusual in that the mature lamina is spherical rather than dorsi-ventrally flattened as in most angiosperms (Fig. 1). The leaves are alternately arranged on pendant stems which
SPECjbb2012: updated metrics for a business benchmark

SPEC [1] benchmarks have an excellent track record as useful tools for performance engineers. Many hardware vendors, software developers, and researchers continue to use SPEC benchmarks as reference workloads to characterize systems, test compiler optimizations, track performance regression tracking, and software quality.SPECjbb2005 is the industry standard benchmark for evaluating the performance of servers running typical Java business applications. Modern customer requirements and use cases have shifted the focus of performance assessments from pure throughput to include throughput/response time and throughput/power considerations.SPECjbb2012 is the new incarnation of SPECjbb2005, targeted to assess these new demands. This paper gives the highlights for new metrics in SPECjbb2012, the rationale behind them, and technical challenges faced in its implementation.
Excretion of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate in the early newborn period

The relationship between cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion and creatinine clearance, urinary phosphate excretion, and urinary osmolarity was studied under basal conditions in 29 babies of 28-40 weeks gestation, during the first few days of life. Urinary cAMP excretion was directly related to creatinine clearance, r = 0.89, P less than 0.001, and gestational age, r = 0.63, P less than 0.001. There was no relationship between urinary cAMP excretion and urinary phosphate excretion or urine osmolarity. These results indicate that urinary cAMP excretion is dependent on the rate of glomerular filtration and gestational age.
Efficient collaborative discourse: a theory and its implementation

An architecture for voice dialogue machines is described with emphasis on the problem solving and high level decision making mechanisms. The architecture provides facilities for generating voice interactions aimed at cooperative human-machine problem solving. It assumes that the dialogue will consist of a series of local self-consistent subdialogues each aimed at subgoals related to the overall task. The discourse may consist of a set of such subdialogues with jumps from one subdialogue to the other in a search for a successful conclusion. The architecture maintains a user model to assure that interactions properly account for the level of competence of the user, and it includes an ability for the machine to take the initiative or yield the initiative to the user. It uses expectation from the dialogue processor to aid in the correction of errors from the speech recognizer.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Small-Angle Scattering Provide Evidence That Native Escherichia coli ClpP Is a Tetradecamer with an Axial Pore

The Escherichia coli ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is composed of two distinct subunits; protease, ClpP, and ATPase, ClpA. Active ClpP has been overexpressed to approximately 50% of soluble protein in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. Direct mass determination of individual particles using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) yields a mean native molecular mass of 305 +/- 9 kDa for the ClpP oligomer, suggesting that it has a tetradecameric structure. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves were determined for ClpP in solution at concentrations of 1-10 mg/mL. A combination of STEM and SAXS data was used to derive a model for ClpP, comprising a cylindrical oligomer about 100 A in diameter and about 75 A in height with an axial pore about 32-36 A in diameter. The volume of the pore is estimated to be approximately 70,000 A3, similar in size to those found in chaperone proteins, and is large enough to accommodate unfolded polypeptide chains, although most globular folded proteins would be excluded.
Optical Transfer Functions for Defocused Two-pupil Systems Involving Annular Geometries

Abstract An exact solution for the cross-correlation between two different circular apertures under defocused conditions in a two-pupil system is derived. The result is directly applicable to finding the optical transfer function (OTF) for standard examples including annular apertures. Some novel examples leading to OTFs showing bandpass and band-reject properties are also investigated.
Assessment and management of GI symptoms: Gastrointestional Symptoms in Advanced Cancer Patients Edited by Carla Ripamonti and Eduardo Bruera Published by Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2002 368 pages, $89.50 (hardcover)

Additionally, there was little mention of what it means to work with the dying on an ongoing basis. In the chapter on bereavement, for instance, steps and protocols to provide support to the family were quite well thought out, but there was no mention of the possibility that staff may grieve the death of the patient or need bereavement support themselves—particularly in the face of multiple losses. Overall, this book achieves what it sets out to do: present a number of issues in palliative care in England. The book will be useful as a resource to non-physicians, in that it will provide some knowledge of medical terms and practices in England, explain the approach taken by the medical team, and provide some medical knowledge. For physicians not currently practicing in palliative care, this book will be a good beginning resource to understand some of the issues and part of the roadmap involved in this area. Because the book is primarily written by members of one practice that has the goal of becoming a palliative care center in Warwick, it may be more a description of their practice and guidelines for care than a wider presentation of palliative care. Contributions from a wider perspective would have been more helpful to persons with less knowledge of palliative care practices. That said, the information provided by this book will raise the awareness of palliative care and its principles, and will continue to raise the important issue of applying these principles of care to nonmalignant disease.
The Saxpy-1M: Architecture and Algorithms

The Saxpy-1M is a practical, programmable, systolic computer system. Its key features are: 1030 Mflop peak performance in single precision floating point; memory of from 8 to 128 Mwords; memory bandwidth of 320 Mbytes/second; I/O bandwidth of up to 40 Mbytes/second; the VAX/VMS operating system; a unique architecture that combines a control processor, a vector processor, and a programmable, systolic matrix processor; and an extensive set of application software libraries and application software development tools.
A Vortex Particle Method for Two-Dimensional Compressible Flow

A vortex particle method is developed for simulating two-dimensional, unsteady compressible flow. The method uses the Helmholtz decomposition of the velocity field to separately treat the irrotational and solenoidal portions of the flow, and the particles are allowed to change volume to conserve mass. In addition to having vorticity and dilatation properties, the particles also carry density, enthalpy, and entropy. The resulting evolution equations contain terms that are computed with techniques used in some incompressible methods. Truncation of unbounded domains via a nonreflecting boundary condition is also considered. The fast multipole method is adapted to compressible particles in order to make the method computationally efficient. The new method is applied to several problems, including sound generation by corotating vortices and generation of vorticity by baroclinic torque.
Sensor fusion with passive millimeter-wave and laser radar for target detection

Advanced sensors and guidance techniques are required in killing mobile offensive and defensive systems. Many different sensors such as radar, video camera, laser radar (LADAR), millimeter wave systems, infrared imagers, acoustic sensors, etc. are available for such usage. However, no single sensor provides completely satisfactory capabilities. Since some sensors have complementary capabilities, integration of multiple sensors for kill can relax the task difficulty and provide more reliable results. The use of multiple sensors can also reduce the possibility of being defeated by countermeasures. In this study, we investigated the framework and investigated potential techniques for integration and fusion of information from passive millimeter wave (PMMW) and LADAR systems. The focus has been on target detection. The PMMW is used to detect metal objects and the LADAR examines those regions of interest for other evidence of existence of a target. Advances obtained by integrating these two sensors include reduction of task complexity and improvement of reliability, both due to efficient localization of regions of interest from the PMMW. Since PMMW possesses weather penetration capabilities through fog, cloud, smoke, etc., the combined system has a near-all-weather capability. A LADAR provides 3D information, and it should be used as the primary sensor for target acquisition upon target detection. The framework of the fusion is based on the Dempster-Shafer decision method. The fusion may be done in the algorithm level and sensor level. With the Dempster-Shafer method as the framework, new sensors or new decision components can be easily integrated.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Media coverage and public opinion of the O. J. Simpson trial: Implications for the criminal justice system

This article considers some of the beneficial and detrimental influences of media coverage of celebrity criminal trials based on a survey administered during the criminal trial of O.J. Simpson. Analysis indicates those who exhibited a stronger psychological involvement with Simpson developed through repeated media exposure were more likely to believe his innocence. African American respondents also were more likely to believe in Simpson's innocence than were others. Gender had no effect on beliefs of Simpson's guilt or innocence. Those with a strong belief in the fairness of the United States justice system more strongly supported unrestricted media coverage of the trial. Anglo Americans more than African Americans believed Simpson's lawyers used the media effectively for their advantage. Learning about the justice system by following the case resulted in increased interpersonal discussions about the legal system.
Benthic nutrient regeneration and denitrification on the Washington continental shelf

Abstract Benthic nutrient regeneration on the Washington continental shelf was investigated using vertical profiles of pore-water nutrient concentrations and whole sediment sulfate reduction rates. In August, carbon oxidation rates by sulfate reduction frequently exceeded those calculated from previously reported oxygen consumption rates. Total carbon oxidation rates averaged 18.9 pmol CO 2 cm −2 s −1 , and using the 106 C: 16 N atomic ratio, 2.86 pmol N cm −2 s −1 would have been regenerated. Nutrient fluxes were calculated from pore-water profiles using diagenetic equations containing terms for vertical molecular diffusion, sedimentation, adsorption and macrobenthic irrigation which was estimated by modeling published radon distributions. In August, the calculated nitrate influx was 0.81 pmol N cm −2 s −1 . The outward ammonium flux of 0.53 pmol N cm −2 s −1 , calculated from pore-water ammonium profiles, was only 19% of the N regeneration rate. The missing ammonium could be accounted for by coupled nitrification and denitrification (1.16 pmol N cm −2 s −1 ) and by consumption of organic matter with high C:N ratios (9.8 by atoms). A comparison of annual regeneration and burial rates indicated that 84% of the deposited carbon is regenerated. For nitrogen, the annual outward ammonium flux was about half of the sum of the organic N burial rate and nitrate influx suggesting that these shelf sediments were a net sink for nitrogen. If the annual nitrate influx (0.57 pmol NO 3 − cm −2 s −1 ) to this shelf approximated that in other shelves, the global denitrification rate in continental shelf sediments wound be 69 Tg N y −1 , a value similar to the oceanic water-column denitrifications rate.
Distinguishing dose from defocus for in-line lithography control

Manufacturing control of a lithographic process must guarantee that the pattern features on a masking level stay within a common process window, the focus-exposure space over which all pattern tolerances are met. To do so at focus latitudes below 1 micrometers , simultaneous determination and correction of dose and defocus error is required. In-line metrology practice has been to measure a single pattern attribute, usually the dimension of the smallest feature, at each of several locations on a wafer. Since the measurement of one pattern attribute, regardless of its accuracy or precision, cannot distinguish two variables - this approach is inherently inadequate for lithography control. We demonstrate how dose and defocus can be derived from the attributes of dual-tone, optically measurable targets on product wafers. Our method is applied to the in-line control of sub-0.25 micrometers step-and-scan lithography.
Detonation driver for enhancing shock tube performance

The development of a shock-induced detonation driver for enhancing the performance of a shock tube is described. The detonation wave is induced by the expansion of helium or air. Various gaseous fuel-oxidizer combinations are examined. This method produces a detonation wave which propagates downstream that transitions into a shock wave in the driven section. High-enthalpy flows with a maximum total temperature of 4200 K and a maximum total pressure of 34 atm in the driven tube are achieved. The problems of achieving the so-called perfectly-driven mode as well as those of inadequate fuel-oxidizer mixing are discussed.
The physics of compensating calorimetry and the new Calor89 code system

The CALOR system has been revised to reflect a better comprehension of high-energy nuclear collisions (HETC88) by incorporating a modified high-energy fragmentation model from FLUKA87. This revision will allow the accurate analysis of calorimeters at energies of 100s of GeV. The authors discuss the fundamental physics of compensating calorimetry, the new CALOR system (CALOR89), the revisions to HETC, and recently generated calorimeter-related data on modes of energy deposition and secondary neutron production (E >
Dose-dense chemotherapy: ready for prime time

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women in developed countries even though most women with the disease die of other causes. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline-based regimens has been proven to decrease the risk of relapse and cancer-related mortality in women with early stage breast cancer contributing to the improving survival seen with this disease. The taxanes have been effective additions to several adjuvant regimens based on recent prospective randomized studies. In the quest to further improve outcomes with adjuvant chemotherapy, dose and schedule modifications based on kinetic models have been compared with standard regimens. In this paper we review of several key trials testing a specific modification called ‘dose-dense’ chemotherapy.
Developmental changes in the cell columns and trophoblastic shell of the macaque placenta : an immunohistochemical study localizing type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin and cytokeratins

Developmental changes in the organization of cells and extracellular matrix in the cell columns and trophoblastic shell of macaque placentas have been examined between 37 days of gestation and term. Between 37 and 53 days a thickened basement membrane developed between the trophoblast cells of the proximal cell columns and the mesenchymal cores of contiguous anchoring villi. This layer stained strongly for type IV collagen and laminin, but weakly for fibronectin. Large “lakes” of extracellular matrix immunoreactive for all 3 of these antigens were present in the distal columns, while smaller amounts were distributed between cells of the proximal columns. During this period the trophoblast cells in the proximal shell reorganized, forming strands of cells that were separated by bands of matrix immunoreactive for type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Staining for these antigens decreased abruptly at the junction between fetal and maternal tissues. Between 66 and 104 days the thick basement membrane of the proximal columns persisted, but stained only weakly for each of the 3 extracellular matrix antigens. The large lakes of matrix in the distal columns characteristic of earlier stages gradually disappeared. The cell columns became progressively shorter and the tips of the anchoring villi became embedded in the trophoblastic shell. The matrix of the shell decreased in immunostaining intensity except for narrow rims around the trophoblast cells. Gestational ages later than 104 days showed few additional changes in the distribution of the matrix antigens or cell organization of the columns and shell. The thick basement membrane-like layer persisted to term although it continued to stain weakly for the 3 matrix antigens. The distal ends of most anchoring villi were embedded in the trophoblastic shell. The developmental changes in the organization of the columns and shell may be related to changes in placental growth rate.
The Evidence Doesn't Lie: Genre Literacy and the CSI Effect

Abstract Some have claimed that CSI and programs like it have influenced the decisions rendered by some American juries.They claim that this change is an effect of viewing such programs. Henry Jenkins (Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers) argues that media effects are involuntary and unconscious. In contrast to the “CSI effect,” he claims that meanings develop voluntarily and consciously. This article suggests that one way to blunt potential media effects is to enhance genre literacy.
Ontogenic changes in cochlear characteristic frequency at a basal turn location as reflected in the summating potential.

In these experiments the development of summating potential (SP) responses in gerbils from neonates to adults was followed. Special recording techniques were used to eliminate maturational effects associated with the middle ear so that developmental changes in cochlear physiology were isolated for study. Results indicate that as development proceeds the frequency that maximally excites the basilar membrane (BM) of the gerbil at a specific mid-basal turn electrode location progresses from low to high, demonstrating a 1.5 octave shift from the onset of the generation of electrical activity until adult-like response are obtained. These findings support the theory proposed by E.W. Rubel (in: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. IX: Development of Sensory Systems, pp. 135-237. Editor: M. Jacobsen. Springer-Verlag, New York) which explains the observed development of physiological responses measured in the cochlea and higher centers in terms of changing micromechanical transduction properties of the BM.
Accessibility of health care for elderly mexicans living in ciudad juarez, Mexico.

The issue of access to health care for the elderly and the quality of that care is of growing importance not only in the United States but also in less developed nations such as Mexico. An area of special interest is the U.S.-Mexico border region, where an increasing number of people are relocating to seek jobs they believe will open up as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) loosens trade barriers. Workers flocking to the border often bring their families, including elderly relatives. This study examines a sample of lower-middle and mid-middle class Mexicans aged sixty to eighty-nine who reside in the border city of Ciudad Juarez, focusing on the principal ailments which affect these individuals and available treatment. A concluding section makes brief comparative remarks on access to health care for the elderly in Mexico and in the United States.
UNDERSTANDING AND TACKLING THE TUMOR-IMMUNE CELL DIALOGUE DURING PROGRESSION AND THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE.

BACKGROUND: Cancers are heterogeneous entities in which tumor cell populations as well as distinct host cell constituents form a dynamic and interactive tumor community that is pivotal not only for the genesis and progression of a tumor but also for the tumor's ability to resist therapeutic elimination. METHODS: We have been using a combination of genetic screening and coculture systems, as well as genetic and pharmacological approaches to functional elicit paracrine factors from tumor and immune cell compartments that convey GBM progression and resistance. RESULTS: We found that GBM tumor cells dependent on their subtype send out specific signals to immune cells that in turn respond by secreting prosurvival and proinvasive factors. Disrupting the communication between innate immune cells and tumor cells in mesenchymal GBM by targeting PI3Kgamma in immune cells blocked the communication to tumor cells, promoted polarization and antitumor activity and inhibited tumor invasion and growth and sensitized therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Leveraging from these results, it is our intention to identify appropriate combinatorial treatment modalities that interfere with these compensatory feedback loops and help to develop an adequate polytherapy that is tailored to more successfully impede therapeutic resistance and prolong survival in the distinct GBM subtypes. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
An extrapolation technique to iterate to the smallest and largest eigenvalues of an infinite-dimensional normal matrix used in function fitting

Abstract Methods to compute the minimum and maximum eigenvalues of an infinite-dimensional matrix using extrapolation techniques are presented. These methods are suited for, though not limited to, matrices used in nonorthogonal function fitting.
Changes in depressive symptoms among adolescent bariatric candidates from preoperative psychological evaluation to immediately before surgery

Abstract Background The preoperative psychological evaluation (including the assessment of depressive symptoms) is an important component in determining adolescent bariatric candidacy. The adult bariatric data have suggested that candidates can engage in "impression management" and underreport depressive symptoms during their preoperative evaluation. The present study examined whether adolescent depressive symptoms among bariatric candidates change during preoperative preparation compared with adolescents with extreme obesity who were not seeking surgery. Methods Adolescent candidates for bariatric surgery (n = 30; 60% female; mean age 16.5 ± 1.4 years) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at initial consultation (time 1, mean body mass index [BMI] 64.5 ± 11.5 kg/m 2 ) and again immediately preoperatively (time 2, mean interval 4.7 ± 2.9 months; mean BMI 64.4 ± 10.4 kg/m 2 ). Comparators (n = 25; 64% female; mean age 16.2 ± 1.2 years; mean BMI 46.5 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ) were studied at enrollment in a research protocol and again 6 months later (mean interval 6.2 ± 0.4 months; mean BMI 46.8 ± 5.0 kg/m 2 ). The height and weight were also taken. Results We found a small, but statistically significant, difference in the BDI-II scores at time 1, with bariatric candidates reporting greater depressive symptoms (mean 16.6 ± 12.9) than the comparators (mean 10.6 ± 9.0; P P = .17). The change in BDI-II scores for the bariatric candidates showed a trend toward significance ( P = .09). Conclusion These results reinforce the position that the adult bariatric literature does not necessarily generalize to the adolescent bariatric population. They further suggest that impression management might not be a significant concern in the assessment of adolescent bariatric candidates. Future research should examine whether preoperative changes in psychological functioning predict the postoperative outcomes.
Nonlinear geometric optics for multidimensional shocks. II: Oscillatory exact shocks

Abstract We construct geometric optics expansions of high order for oscillatory multidimensional shocks, and then show that the expansions are close to exact shock solutions for small wavelengths. Expansions are constructed both for ψ e , the oscillatory function defining the shock surface S e and for u e ± the solutions on each side of S e . The profile equations yield detailed information on the evolution of ( u e ± , ψ e ), showing for example how new interior oscillations are produced by nonlinear interaction between u e ± and S e . In this second Note we reduce the shock problem to a forward boundary problem and give a summary of the proofs.
Conformational simulation of phosphosphingolipids by molecular mechanics

Force field parameters were developed for the phosphodiester linkage and introduced into the molecular mechanics program MM3 to simulate conformational states of phosphosphingolipids. The modified MM3 parameter set was tested with the dimethylphosphate anion and the methylphosphorylcholine zwitterion. The results compare well with established conformational preferences of these important functionalities in lipid head groups. At a dielectric constant of ϵ=4.0, generally taken to represent the electrostatic environment of the membrane surface, the diesterphosphate dihedral angles α2 and α3 are predicted to be primarily +sc, +sc in both species. The outer dihedral angles α4 and α5 of the choline functionality are predominantly ap and ±sc, respectively, in the lowest energy structures. Increase of the dielectric constant reveals an extension of these partially folded structures as might occur under the influence of an aqueous environment. This parameter set was then applied to a phosphorylated dihydroceramide to investigate conformational preferences of the head group with respect to the lipid interface. Three of the most probable conformations are compatible with liquid crystalline, bilayer organizations. These conformations exhibit intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the NH and OH moieties as donors and an ester and/or anionic phosphate oxygen as acceptors. Features of the Boltzmann-distributed conformations are confirmed by known experimental results from NMR spectroscopy.
Effect of monoamine uptake inhibitors on norepinephrine-stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in rat cortex

Abstract The effects of the monoamine uptake inhibitors cocaine, nisoxetine, and desipramine (DMI) on norepinephrine (NE) stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis were investigated. Rat cortical tissue slices were labeled with [ 3 H]inositol. Slices were then stimulated, in vitro , with NE in LiCl containing buffer in the presence and absence of monoamine uptake inhibitors. Cocaine and nisoxetine, but not DMI, potentiated NE-stimulated PI hydrolysis with a significant decrease in the ec 50 . Nisoxetine appeared to be more potent than cocaine with respect to the potentiation of NE-stimulated PI hydrolysis. The potentiating effect of cocaine was biphasic and dependent upon the concentrations of cocaine and NE. The NE concentration-effect curve was shifted to the right 100-fold in the presence of 0.1 μM prazosin. Cocaine at 10 μM did not potentiate NE-stimulated PI hydrolysis in the presence of 0.1 μM prazosin. Cocaine at 10 μm did not affect significantly the binding of [ 3H ]prazosin or the NE-[ 3 H]prazosin competition binding to cortical membranes. The results suggest that NE-uptake inhibition by cocaine and nisoxetine is the mechanism for the enhancement of NE-stimulated PI hydrolysis.
Housing costs and child functioning: Processes through investments and financial strains

Abstract This study used family investment and family stress theories to illuminate mechanisms through which housing costs may affect low-income children's psychosocial and cognitive functioning. Using longitudinal data from the Three City Study (N = 1898), path analyses found support for the investment perspective, with housing and neighborhood contexts mediating associations between higher housing costs and greater behavioral functioning and academic skills. These benefits of higher housing costs were somewhat offset by negative direct associations with children's functioning, although these were not explained by financial strain. Results revealed that receipt of government housing assistance disrupted these pathways. Few differences in patterns emerged between young children and adolescents. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.
Measurements of the Specific Heats of Three Magnetic Salts at Low Temperatures

New experimental results are presented of the heat capacity of chromium potassium alum, ferric ammonium alum, and manganese ammonium Tutton salt below 0.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. They have been obtained using two different experimental methods which differ in the way in which the samples are placed in thermal contact with the cerium magnesium nitrate thermometer and the electrical heater. $\ensuremath{\lambda}$-type transitions were found at 0.0260\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in FeN${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ alum and at 0.173\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in Mn${(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{2}$ Tutton salt. The heat capacity of CrK alum, measured to 0.017\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, is a good fit to the theory of O'Brien using paramagnetic resonance parameters suggested by Bleaney. The entropy of each salt has been calculated from the specific-heat data, and a comparison with previous work is presented. An estimate of the thermal resistance between the paramagnetic crystals and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ is obtained.
Influence of Starting Rations upon Subsequent Growth

Abstract SEVERAL studies, reviewed by Roberts and Carrick (1935), show that during the first 8 to 12 weeks the growth rate increases as the level of protein in the ration is increased, at least up to a level of 18 to 20 percent of protein. These authors found that chicks fed for the first 4 weeks on relatively high protein rations may then be changed to rations with lower protein content without making important differences in the rate of growth, feed efficiency, or viability of the chicks from 4 to 12 weeks. Several more recent studies agree that relatively high levels of protein feeds are necessary to promote rapid growth at the start, but different workers do not agree as to how long chicks should be continued on a high protein level. McConachie et al. (1935) concluded that the optimum protein content for growth in chicks during the first 6 weeks . . .
Relationship between perceived control in leisure and life satisfaction: A study of non-institutionalized older persons

Numerous research findings suggest that the presence or absence of control has profound effects on people's emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Empirical verification of the usefulness and practicality of perceived control in leisure research has been minimal. An exploratory study was designed to (a) establish a baseline measurement of the degree of perceived control in the leisure lives of a sample of non-institutionalized older persons, and (b) to relate the measure to life satisfaction. The results indicated that the sample population, taken from a senior citizen volunteer organization, exhibited relatively high levels of perceived leisure control. Perceived leisure control correlated positively with life satisfaction. The results are consistent with current literature which identifies perceived control as being an important causal force in life satisfaction and other psychological health indices. The importance of enhancing perceived leisure control for older persons is emphasized, and spec...
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome: A Swell Diagnosis?

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a known complication of dialysis with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including self-limiting nausea, to the extreme version of it resulting in coma and death. The differing clinical presentations are the result of the varying severity of increased intracranial pressure. Preventative measures have made its occurrence much less frequent, but its diagnosis should be considered when neurological symptoms are temporally related to dialysis even when preventative measures have been implemented. We report the case of a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) who developed DDS following initial dialysis despite precautionary measures. J Med Cases. 2014;5(8):437-440 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1847w
The question of moral action: a formalist position

This article develops a research position that allows cultural sociologists to compare morality across sociohistorical cases. In order to do so, the article suggests focusing analytic attention on actions that fulfill the following criteria: (a) actions that define the actor as a certain kind of socially recognized person, both within and across fields; (b) actions that actors experience—or that they expect others to perceive—as defining the actor both intersituationally and to a greater extent than other available definitions of self; and (c) actions to which actors either have themselves, or expect others to have, a predictable emotional reaction. Such a position avoids both a realist moral sociology and descriptive-relativism, and provides sociologists with criteria for comparing moral action in different cases while staying attuned to social and historical specificity.
Toward Comprehensive Health Status Measures

While health, itself, is the central concept in the sociology of health, little agreement exists on what constitutes an appropriate definition of health. This paper develops two composite health status measures (one continuous summary measure, and one set of eight discrete health state measures) based on the World Health Organization's conceptualization of the physical, social, and psychological dimensions of health. Data from a 1978 regional survey demonstrates the continuous summary measure's reliability (alpha = .70), and validity (factor analytic support for the hypothesized dimensions). The results also indicate that although either of the comprehensive measures significantly increase the goodness of fit of structural models of health service utilization, the set of discrete health state measures increases more the goodness of fit, bringing the explained variance of physician visits up from 16 percent to 30 percent. The magnitude of the increments clearly demonstrates the considerable utility of the comprehensive health status measurement approach.
Occlusion Detection and Motion Estimation with Convex Optimization

We tackle the problem of simultaneously detecting occlusions and estimating optical flow. We show that, under standard assumptions of Lambertian reflection and static illumination, the task can be posed as a convex minimization problem. Therefore, the solution, computed using efficient algorithms, is guaranteed to be globally optimal, for any number of independently moving objects, and any number of occlusion layers. We test the proposed algorithm on benchmark datasets, expanded to enable evaluation of occlusion detection performance.
Current Status of Thrombopoietin

This review outlines the effects of a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) on thrombocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Thrombopoietin is a hormone that is now known to be a major controlling factor of blood platelet production. The background, including a model for megakaryocytopoiesis, controlling factors, sources of the hormone, the role of the kidney in thrombopoietin production, a possible gene location for the stimulating factor, assay procedures, antibodies, and tests for other stimulators in TSF-rich preparations will be discussed briefly. In addition, new studies on purification and characterization of the hormone will be presented.
Effects of body weight and nutrition on histological mammary development in Holstein heifers.

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of rate of gain and body weight (BW) on development of the mammary parenchyma. Mammary tissue samples were collected from heifers (n=72) reared on 1 of 2 dietary treatments (restricted, 650g/d of daily gain; or elevated, 950g/d of daily gain) and slaughtered at 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, or 350kg of BW. Mammary samples were excised, preserved, prepared for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Digital images of tissue sections were captured for analysis. Tissue areas occupied by the interlobular and intralobular stroma, epithelium, and lumen were measured (μm 2 ). The numbers of epithelial and luminal structures per image were tabulated to measure the complexity of ductal development. Mean percentages of mammary parenchyma occupied by the interlobular stroma, epithelium, lumen, and intralobular stroma were 29, 20, 7, and 43%, respectively. Percentage of area occupied by the intralobular stroma was affected by BW and was lower for 100-kg heifers compared with heifers 200kg and heavier (33±4 vs. 46±4), but the percentage of area occupied by other tissue elements did not differ by BW or treatment, nor was there an interaction. However, the numbers of both epithelial (8.3±4 vs. 47±4) and luminal-containing (6±4 vs. 38±4) structures per image increased markedly between 100 and 350kg of BW, irrespective of diet. For heifers slaughtered between 100 and 350kg of BW, alterations in the rate of gain between 650 and 950g/d, accomplished by feeding varying amounts of the same diet, had no significant effect on tissue characteristics or the pattern of mammary parenchymal development. These data emphasize the importance of BW and age in determining developmental characteristics of the heifer mammary parenchyma and suggest that the rate of gain per se has a minimal impact on histological development, and thus do not support the hypothesis that rate of gain has a direct negative impact on ductal development.