cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Conduction Mechanism Concerning the Application of Land Financial Instruments to Participate in Macro-control

The paper first offers the research objective: To explore the conduction mechanism relating to the application of financial instruments to participate in macroeconomic regulation and control in order to provide basis for the use of land economic means to participate in economic macro-control.It goes on to look at the methods: model built method.It points out the research contents,including: the core of using land economic means is to control the value of the land assets;Through model analysis,there are two interaction conduction mechanism occurs in the macroeconomic fluctuations,which is the balance of revenue flow and capital stock,and money supply constraints.The principle of the regulation of land financial instruments is to produce effect on domestic monetary system through exogenous monetary system,and the focus is to control the value of assets and income distribution.Finally the paper gives the conclusion: the collection of the income of land assets and the GDP growth was negative correlation,the consumer spending of land fiscal of government has expansion effect on the economy,the land financial investment spending could cause economic instability.
Determination of Antimony in Mineral Water by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

[Objective]To investigate the determination of Antimony in mineral water by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,taking L-cysteine as reductant.[Methods]Optimum condition for determination,the impact of co-existed elements on determination and accuracy and precision of the method were selected.[Results]The regression formula of standard curve was Y=216.7 C-38.1,r=0.9995,The linear range was 0～10 μg/L;the recovery of standard addition was93.0%～99.8%,RSD was0.5%,1.0% and 6.4%.[Conclusion]This method is suitable for determination of antimony in mineral water for its advantages of rapid,accurate,with high sensitivity.
Sustainable Temporary Housing: Global Trends and Outlook

Abstract The concept of sustainable housing can take many forms or definitions. The view embraced in this study for sustainable housing was a structure that is low-cost, energy efficient, and one that uses local renewable or recycled materials, while at the same time being safe and providing shelter to its occupants from the elements. Rather than focus on a few aspects of housing in isolation from spatial necessities or occupant demographics, the approach used in this study was to seek best practices for sustainable temporary housing that also accounts for local climatic conditions. The global need for temporary housing may be expected to increase due to multiple factors: increasing severity of natural disasters resulting in large number of displaced peoples; an increase in the number of climate refugees as a result of a changing climate; and the inability of developing countries to provide sufficient infrastructure in pace with their rapid population growth. Novel developments and promising products and methods in the field of temporary disaster relief housing have been reviewed in the study. To date, an engineered solution to the problem that is low-cost, quick to construct, environmentally and socially sustainable, takes into account the needs of the occupant, and accounts for local climatic conditions has not been found. On the contrary, every major disaster proved the inability of governments to cope with the challenges posed with providing for the large numbers of displaced peoples.
Gd-DTPA enhancement in MR imaging of central pontine myelinolysis.

Central pontine myelinolysis is a well-recognized clinicopathologic demyelinating disorder with characteristic MR features. We report a case that, in addition to the usual MR findings, also had peripheral gadolinium enhancement on T1-weighthted MR images, a characteristic not previously reported in central pontine myelinolysis
Ectopic pregnancy. An update on technologic advances in diagnosis and treatment.

SUMMARY From 1970 to 1986, the number of ectopic pregnancies in the United States quadrupled.1 Maternal mortality rates dramatically declined, yet the risk of dying from an ectopic pregnancy is still 10 times that associated with a term delivery and 50 times that associated with a legal elective abortion.1,7 Ectopic pregnancy can be a very difficult diagnosis to make, but advances in hCG assays and transvaginal ultrasound scanning allow the diagnosis to be made in 90% of cases before rupture.12 Conservative surgical and medical management are associated with success rates greater than 95% and resultant pregnancy rates of approximately 60%.12,16
Alcohol Significantly Alters Fusigenicity of Vesicles in a Model Membrane System

The effect of ethanol on protein receptors and lipid membranes is a widely studied field, yet ethanol's direct effect on vesicles fusing to lipid bilayers remains unclear. To determine the effect of alcohol on fusion rates, we utilized the nystatin/ergosterol fusion assay (Woodbury et al., 1999. Methods in Enzymology, Ion Channels Part C, 294:319-339) and stimulated fusion with an osmotic gradient. Planar bilayers were formed of PE:PC:Cholesterol (mol%:55:23:22), vesicles were formed of PE:PC:PS:Erg (mol%:42:18:18:22). Our ongoing studies show that 4% (v/v) ethanol excites exocytosis when applied on the cis (vesicle) side, and inhibits on the trans side. Here we extend our studies to several additional alcohols as well as characterize the effect at physiologically relevant concentrations. For ethanol (trans) we find a decrease of ∼15% in fusions at the legal limit of 0.08% ethanol (EC50 ∼0.3%). Similar effects were observed with methanol and butanol with the following potency: butanol>ethanol>methanol.Significant variability is observed with different alcohols when applied to the cis side. Ethanol generally excites but only at higher doses than seen for the inhibition. Alcohols on the cis side may have their effect on the lipid bilayer or the vesicle membrane. The trans data implies that alcohols alter the planar membrane structure and thereby increase the activation energy required for fusion. The cis data is likely a combination of the above effect and a proportionally greater lowering of the vesicle lysis tension (Ly et al., 2002. Langmuir, 18:8988-8995) thereby enhancing fusion.
Spine Injuries in Tennis Players

Tennis is a sport played across the globe and with ever-increasing popularity. Elite adolescent tennis players who want to reach the professional ranks spend extensive hours performing strenuous and intense training, particularly during developmental stages and their pre-pubertal growth spurt. This, as well as the drive for ever-increasing racquet velocities, leads to higher demand on the lumbar spine.
Laser pulse self-focusing

This paper represents the results of laser-pulse self-focusing research using the flow-field theory we have proposed. The novel feature of the work reported here is the ability of our method to follow a long laser pulse through and beyond the first self-focal point. A set of symmetrical quasilinear hyperbolic equations, implemented numerically by a finite-difference version of the method of characteristics, correctly describes the establishment and development of quasistatic pulse self-focusing.
Measuring Structural Changes as a Function of Protein Concentration using Infrared Spectroscopy

Many biopharmaceutical protein drugs are formulated at high protein concentrations. The high concentrations of these drugs alter their properties and increase their viscosities making them difficult to characterize. Infrared spectroscopy has long been used to deduce concentration and structural descriptions of proteins. We are developing new infrared methods to compare the structures, dynamics and functions of nearly identical biopharmaceutical protein samples. We have recently observed that infrared spectroscopy can be used to characterize both the structure of the protein as well as the associated water molecules. We will present our findings describing structural changes, induced by high concentration, in model polymers and proteins including the NIST reference monoclonal antibody.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Pax8 and Napsin A in Canine Thyroid Tumours: Comparison with Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin and Thyroid Transcription Factor 1

Summary Expression of thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 corroborates a thyroid origin of neoplasms. Thyroglobulin and calcitonin immunohistochemistry (IHC) can distinguish between a follicular and C-cell origin of thyroid tumours, respectively. Pax8 (expressed by normal canine thyroid follicular cells) and napsin A (expressed mainly by C-cells) labelling was compared with labelling for TTF-1, thyroglobulin and calcitonin in 114 canine proliferative thyroid lesions. All 81 follicular tumours expressed thyroglobulin and were negative for calcitonin; 79/81 (98%) of these tumours expressed TTF-1 and Pax8 and 60/81 (74%) expressed napsin A. All 25 C-cell lesions expressed calcitonin and were negative for expression of thyroglobulin; 22 (88%) were positive for TTF-1, 13 (57%) for Pax8 and 24/24 for napsin A. Six mixed follicular–medullary carcinomas expressed all five markers. Both carcinosarcomas expressed TTF-1 and napsin A, and one each of these tumours expressed thyroglobulin, calcitonin or Pax8. Pax8 expression was also detected in epididymal cells, endometrial cells and vas deferens epithelium, in Sertoli-like ovarian cells, and in some cases of ovarian adenoma, pancreatic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and Sertoli cell tumour. Napsin A was also detected in adrenocortical cells, ovarian granulosa cells, epididymal and endometrial cells, as well as in some renal cell carcinomas, pulmonary adenocarcinomas and Sertoli cell tumours. In summary, Pax8 was as sensitive as TTF-1 and slightly less sensitive than thyroglobulin for identification of follicular tumours, but had low sensitivity for C-cell tumours. Napsin A was as sensitive as calcitonin for C-cell neoplasms, but was less sensitive than thyroglobulin for follicular neoplasms. Thus, these markers are sensitive and, except for renal cell carcinoma (for Pax8, napsin A) and pulmonary adenocarcinoma (for napsin A), are specific thyroid tumour markers.
Evaluating the GPSS simulation model for the Viking batch computer system

In anticipation of extremely heavy loading requirements by the Viking mission during the post-landing periods, a GPSS model has been developed for the purpose of simulating these requirements on the Viking batch computer system. This paper presents the effort pursued in evaluating such a model and results thereby obtained. The evaluation effort consists of selecting the evaluation approach, collecting actual test run data, making comparisons and deriving conclusions.
Vigilantism, public shaming, and social media hegemony: The role of digital-networked images in humiliation and sociopolitical control

ABSTRACTDigital-networked images of torture, abuse, and humiliation are increasingly used by nonstate agents to form online communities based upon prejudice and bigotry and/or to propagate violent vigilante justice. This article discusses the circulation, impact, and permanence of digital-networked images that perpetuate nonstate hegemony and function as mechanisms for exercising power, disciplinary force, and social control reminiscent of Foucauldian theories of power-knowledge and governmentality.
Middle‐income countries: trapped or merely slowing?

Since the turn of the century, growth has slowed in a number of middle income economies, giving rise to fears ‐ exacerbated by the financial crisis of 2008‐09 ‐ that they were entering a low growth equilibrium. A survey of the literature on the middle income trap suggests that it is difficult to rigorously identify countries that might be trapped; that in most cases growth appears to be regressing to a longer term normal and in East Asian economies remains at a respectable 5 percent to 7 per cent rate; that the research on the trap has yet to come up with a new growth model for middle income economies; and that policy recommendations on offer are of the generic variety applicable to virtually all economies, developed and developing.
RBIO-05. DOWNREGULATION OF H-FERRITIN EXPRESSION USING MULTIVALENT CATIONIC LIPOSOMES RESULTS IN INCREASED RADIATION SENSITIVITY IN PATIENT DERIVED GLIOMA INITIATING CELLS

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent, lethal, malignant and refractory primary brain tumor with a very dismal survival rate. The glioma initiating cell (GIC) population within GBMs has been associated with treatment resistance and subsequently been implicated in tumor recurrence. Studies from our lab had previously shown that expression of the heavy chain subunit of the iron storage protein ferritin, H-ferritin, is essential for the survival and therapeutic resistance of non-stem glioma cells. Since H-ferritin is overexpressed in GICs, we hypothesized that downregulating its expression in these cells would lead to increased radiosensitivity. We therefore developed a novel strategy to sensitize these recalcitrant GICs to radiation therapy using a multivalent cationic liposome formulation that could efficiently transfect and deliver H-ferritin siRNA to GICs in vitro. Using patient derived T3691 CD133+ GICs we showed that downregulating H-ferritin led to a reduction in cell viability compared to controls upon being radiated at 4Gy and 8Gy dosage. Additionally these cells also showed an increased expression of the DNA damage response protein phospho-ϒH2AX upon radiation over controls. Thus, we have demonstrated that loss of H-ferritin in GICs leads to increased radiation sensitivity. Ongoing studies are focused on delineating the mechanisms through which H-ferritin loss mediates this effect in GICs.
Algebraic properties of solutions to common information of Gaussian vectors under sparse graphical constraints

We formulate Wyner's common information for random vectors x ∊ Rn with joint Gaussian density. We show that finding the common information of Gaussian vectors is equivalent to maximizing a log-determinant of the additive Gaussian noise covariance matrix. We coin such optimization problem as a constrained minimum determinant factor analysis (CMDFA) problem. The convexity of such problem with necessary and sufficient conditions on CMDFA solution is shown. We study the algebraic properties of CMDFA solution space, through which we study two sparse Gaussian graphical models, namely, latent Gaussian stars, and explicit Gaussian chains. Interestingly, we show that depending on pairwise covariance values in a Gaussian graphical structure, one may not always end up with the same parameters and structure for CMDFA solution as those found via graphical learning algorithms. In addition, our results suggest that Gaussian chains have little room left for dimension reduction in terms of the number of latent variables required in their CMDFA solutions.
A Notched Disk Crack Propagation Test for Asphalt Concrete

Mitigating cracking distress in asphalt concrete is a major challenge for road agencies around the world and assessment of fracture and crack propagation in asphalt concrete has proven an equally difficult task Many of the current fracture mechanics based tests available to assess asphalt concrete are based on the assumption of elastic behavior and it is difficult to extend the analysis to assess fracture at intermediate pavement service temperatures In addition the difficulty of monitoring crack length and propagation has led to asphalt concrete related test methods that focus solely on fracture mechanics parameters with little regard for crack speed The C Line Integral test was identified as a promising test to evaluate crack propagation and obtain the fracture mechanics based C parameter that considers time dependent creep behavior of the materials The test is not well defined in previous literature and lacks a test procedure and detailed data analysis method This paper describes test method development of a notched disk crack propagation test for asphalt concrete the C Fracture Test CFT Development included specimen geometry test temperature variation study and a refined data analysis procedure Two distinct plant produced asphalt mixtures were also subjected to the crack propagation test and results indicated that the CFT was able to distinguish improved crack resistance potential of an asphalt rubber mixture compared to an unmodified asphalt mixture The asphalt rubber mixture was more resistant to crack propagation than the unmodified mixture Continuous monitoring of the field test sections is necessary to validate the laboratory findings
Regimes of Coriolis-Centrifugal Convection

Centrifugal buoyancy affects all rotating turbulent convection phenomena, but is conventionally ignored in rotating convection studies. Here, we include centrifugal buoyancy to investigate what we call Coriolis-centrifugal convection (C^{3}), characterizing two so far unexplored regimes, one where the flow is in quasicyclostrophic balance (QC regime) and another where the flow is in a triple balance between pressure gradient, Coriolis and centrifugal buoyancy forces (CC regime). The transition to centrifugally dominated dynamics occurs when the Froude number Fr equals the radius-to-height aspect ratio γ. Hence, turbulent convection experiments with small γ may encounter centrifugal effects at lower Fr than traditionally expected. Further, we show analytically that the direct effect of centrifugal buoyancy yields a reduction of the Nusselt number Nu. However, indirectly, it can cause a simultaneous increase of the viscous dissipation and thereby Nu through a change of the flow morphology. These direct and indirect effects yield a net Nu suppression in the CC regime and a net Nu enhancement in the QC regime. In addition, we demonstrate that C^{3} may provide a simplified, yet self-consistent, model system for tornadoes, hurricanes, and typhoons.
Health insurance coverage among diabetic adults from three major ethnic groups in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: The lack of adequate health insurance may result in a downward spiral of the diabetic condition, imposing an increased financial strain on family and the society as a whole. The objective of our study was to assess the insurance type and coverage among diabetic adults from three major ethnic groups. DESIGN AND SETTING: We used data of two cross-sectional national surveys to estimate insurance coverage among diabetic adults aged 20-64 years, 1988-1994 and 2003-2008. RESULTS: The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed diabetes has increased by 120%, 178% and 135% respectively among non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and Mexicans & other Hispanics (MO22[4]:486–491
Use of continuous infusion ceftolozane-tazobactam with therapeutic drug monitoring in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose The safe and effective use of ceftolozane-tazobactam delivered via continuous infusion in a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with reduced body weight and presumed augmented renal clearance is reported. Summary A 30-year-old woman with CF was admitted for acute pulmonary exacerbations with positive respiratory cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Susceptibility testing confirmed multidrug resistance, and the patient was transitioned to ceftolozane-tazobactam for definitive therapy. A novel strategy of administering ceftolozane-tazobactam 6 g by continuous i.v. infusion over 24 hours was initiated during hospitalization and continued at discharge for a total of 10 days. Therapeutic drug monitoring over the first 36 hours of the continuous infusion confirmed adequate exposure. The patient had clinical resolution with return to baseline of pulmonary function tests and no noted adverse drug events. Conclusion A continuous infusion regimen of ceftolozane-tazobactam was successfully used in a CF patient with augmented renal clearance.
What time is it: managing time in the internet

In this paper, we report on our investigation of how current local time is reported accurately by devices connected to the internet. We describe the basic mechanisms for time management and focus on a critical but unstudied aspect of managing time on connected devices: the time zone database (TZDB). Our longitudinal analysis of the TZDB highlights how internet time has been managed by a loose confederation of contributors over the past 25 years. We drill down on details of the update process, update types and frequency, and anomalies related to TZDB updates. We find that 76% of TZDB updates include changes to the Daylight Saving Time (DST) rules, indicating that DST has a significant influence on internet-based time keeping. We also find that about 20% of updates were published within 15 days or less from the date of effect, indicating the potential for instability in the system. We also consider the security aspects of time management and identify potential vulnerabilities. We conclude with a set of proposals for enhancing TZDB management and reducing vulnerabilities in the system.
Locating the peaks of least-energy solutions to a quasilinear elliptic Neumann problem, Part II

Abstract We continue our work (Y. Li, C. Zhao, Locating the peaks of least-energy solutions to a quasilinear elliptic Neumann problem, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 336 (2007) 1368–1383) to study the shape of least-energy solutions to the quasilinear problem e m Δ m u − u m − 1 + f ( u ) = 0 with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. In this paper we focus on the case 1 m 2 as a complement to our previous work on the case m ≥ 2 . We use an intrinsic variation method to show that as the case m ≥ 2 , when e → 0 + , the global maximum point P e of least-energy solutions goes to a point on the boundary ∂ Ω at a rate of o ( e ) and this point on the boundary approaches a global maximum point of mean curvature of ∂ Ω .
SMS Mobile Technology Success in Changing HIV/AIDS Behavior through Awareness

This is a research in progress. The study reviews four theoretical modes on mobile technology and proposes a unified model to understand consumer attitude, intention, and behavior when using Short Message Service (SMS) in mobile technology. The proposed model includes SMS success factors, consumer beliefs, SMS success measure, and demographic dimensions. By setting the study in an international context (Scharl et al., 2005; Hong and Tam, 2006) and developing survey questionnaires (Scharl et al., 2005) we follow the recommendation of prior researchers. The study context is HIV/AIDS awareness at a university in a low-income country. Seventeen hypotheses are proposed to test the full model. Some of the questionnaire is already developed, the remaining are in the final stages. The pilot test is scheduled for March 2009. Following a baseline study in the pilot we will proceed to conduct the main study and test the full model.
Compensation Analysis: Hospitality Educator Salary Study

ABSTRACTIn this article, recent salary data are reported from a survey of hospitality educators’ compensation. As with the 2008 and 2012 studies, data were collected from many regions of the world ...
A prior history of binge-drinking increases sensitivity to the motivational valence of methamphetamine in female C57BL/6J mice:

Methamphetamine (MA) and alcohol use disorders exhibit a high degree of co-morbidity and sequential alcohol-MA mixing increases risk for co-abuse. Recently, we reported greater MA-conditioned reward in male C57BL/6J mice with a prior history of binge alcohol-drinking (14 days of 2-hour access to 5, 10, 20 and 40% alcohol). As female mice tend to binge-drink more alcohol than males and females tend to be more sensitive than males to the psychomotor-activating properties of MA, we first characterized the effects of binge-drinking upon MA-induced place-conditioning (four pairings of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg IP) in females and then incorporated our prior data to analyze for sex differences in MA-conditioned reward. Prior binge-drinking history did not significantly affect locomotor hyperactivity or its sensitization in female mice. However, the dose-response function for place-conditioning was shifted to the left of water-drinking controls, indicating an increase in sensitivity to MA-conditioned reward. The examination of sex differences revealed no sex differences in alcohol intake, although females exhibited greater MA-induced locomotor stimulation than males, irrespective of their prior drinking history. No statistically significant sex difference was apparent for the potentiation of MA-conditioned reward produced by prior binge-drinking history. If relevant to humans, these data argue that both males and females with a prior binge-drinking history are similarly vulnerable to MA abuse and it remains to be determined whether or not the neural substrates underpinning this increased vulnerability reflect common or sex-specific adaptations in reward-related brain regions.
A Cost Analysis of Pathology Evaluation of Carotid Plaque after Endarterectomy

Background Overtreatment and overuse of resources are leading causes of rising health care costs. Identification and elimination process of low value services is important in reducing such costs. At many institutions it is routine to send excised plaque after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for pathology evaluation. With more than 140,000 CEAs performed annually in the United States, this represents an opportunity for potential cost savings. We set out to examine the cost and clinical use of pathology evaluation of plaque after CEA. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing CEA at a single institution from 2016 to 2019. Patients were excluded if they had a prolonged postoperative length of stay or if they had a preoperative stroke. Demographics, perioperative outcomes, and billing costs were recorded. Results We identified 82 total CEAs, of which 42 were excluded according to the aforementioned exclusion criteria. We reviewed 40 CEAs. Mean age of this cohort was 67.2 (±8.3) years. Most (72.5%) were asymptomatic at the time of admission, whereas 27.5% presented with a transient ischemic attack. Mean postoperative length of stay was 1.8 days. The primary insurers were 39.5% private, 39.5% Medicare, and 21.1% Medicaid. Mean total charges for the hospitalization were $83,367 (±$42,874). Of this total, professional fees were $3,512 (±$980) and facility fees were $80,395 (±$42,886). Mean pathology charges were $285 (±$88). The pathology professional fee was $61 (±$27), which represented 1.82% (±0.88) of the professional costs. Reimbursement for the facility pathology charge was $229 (±$57) and for the professional pathology charge was $25 (±$14). All plaque samples were submitted for gross examination and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The correlation rate for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis was 100%. The pathology reports simply read “atherosclerotic plaque” and “calcific plaque” in 32.5% and 45% of samples. For the remaining plaques, 12.5% and 10% of reports also noted fibrosis and degenerative changes, respectively. There were no clinical implications or decisions made based on the pathology reports. Cost of pathology evaluation was on average $285, with an average reimbursement of $235. With 140,000 CEAs done annually, this represents a potential $32.9–$39.9 million saved to the health care system. Conclusions Pathology evaluation of carotid plaque incurs significant costs to the health care system with no clear value for the postoperative care of the patient. Hospital policy regarding mandatory pathologic examination and surgeon preferences regarding plaque analysis should be more closely examined.
Prevalence of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae in Patients With Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement Requiring Hip Arthroscopy.

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) requiring hip arthroscopy. The secondary aim was to determine whether there is an association between LSTV anatomy and patient-reported outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included patients aged 18 to 45 years with symptomatic FAI who underwent arthroscopy between March 2010 and March 2016 and had anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. The exclusion criteria included lack of an FAI diagnosis, hip osteoarthritis (Tonnis grade ≥ 2), prior spinal fusion surgery, prior total hip arthroplasty, indications for total hip arthroplasty, and revision surgery on the affected hip. All radiographs were assessed by an interventional spine and sports fellow. The primary outcome was the prevalence of LSTVs, classified using the criteria of Castellvi et al. Secondary outcomes included the modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score, and International Hip Outcome Tool 33 score. Results A total of 1,880 patients were included. Review of the patients’ radiographs yielded 262 LSTVs, for an overall prevalence of 13.9% (type IA in 104 [5.5%], type IB in 53 [2.8%], type IIA in 60 [3.2%], type IIB in 25 [1.3%], type IIIA in 8 [0.4%], type IIIB in 0 [0%], and type IV in 12 [0.64%]). The prevalence of type II, III, and IV LSTVs was 5.6% (n = 105). Unilateral LSTV sidedness did not correlate with symptom laterality (κ = 0.07). There were no differences in patient-reported outcomes between patients with LSTV anatomy and those without it. Conclusions In this large cohort of 1,880 patients with symptomatic FAI, the prevalence of LSTVs was 13.9%. There was no correlation between sidedness of unilateral LSTVs and the symptomatic hip. Furthermore, there was no association between LSTV anatomy and patient-reported outcomes. The prevalence of LSTVs in this cohort was similar to the prevalence rates previously reported in patients with low-back pain. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Opioid overdose events and child maltreatment indicators: Differential county-level associations

Abstract Background & Purpose Concerns have been raised that the opioid epidemic has caused increases in child maltreatment and thus, increased child protective system (CPS) caseloads. Understanding the specific impact of the opioid crisis on the child welfare system is a current priority for researchers and policymakers. Yet, research is routinely limited by available measures of the opioid epidemic, maltreatment, or both. Research analyzing broader aspects of maltreatment and the opioid epidemic can improve our understanding of this link, informing decisions about how to target child welfare resources to improve child outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between county-level opioid overdose event rates and four indicators child maltreatment. Methods Publicly available data on several county-level indicators, including opioid overdose events, were linked to hospitalization and CPS records for Washington State from 2005 to 2017. Indicators of child maltreatment (intakes, substantiations, out-of-home placements, and maltreatment-related hospitalizations) were aggregated to the county-level based on the county’s child population per year. The opioid epidemic was operationalized as opioid overdose-related events, hospitalizations and deaths, as reported by the Department of Health. Panel data analysis was used to examine the link between opioid overdose events and the four outcomes within and across time while accounting for several county-level covariates. Results Each of the child maltreatment indicators, except substantiations, were positively correlated with opioid overdose at the county-level. Correlations ranged from 0.10 (placement) to 0.15 (intakes). Results from the panel analysis demonstrated that no significant associations were found for any of the four child maltreatment indicators and the opioid overdose event rates. However, fixed-time effects were significant, positively for intakes and hospitalizations and negatively for substantiations and placements. Conclusions As counties experienced increased problems with the opioid epidemic, associations between opioid overdose event rates and child maltreatment indicators were not found after accounting for other county-level factors. Findings point to the saliency of broader macro-level contexts – including states’ child welfare policies and economic environments – for understanding the link between the opioid epidemic and child maltreatment.
Fortalecimiento del proceso lector en niños de preescolar: una experiencia en el aula

El presente articulo describe los resultados obtenidos con la implementacion de una estrategia pedagogica para el fortalecimiento del proceso de lectura en los ninos de grado cero del Instituto Promocion Social del Norte de Bucaramanga, mediante la implementacion de una estrategia basada en los principios del metodo Doman. La investigacion se realizo con un enfoque cualitativo, siguiendo las fases de la metodologia de investigacion accion. La poblacion participante corresponde a 21 ninos que iniciaron su formacion basica y sus padres de familia. La tecnica de recoleccion de informacion empleada en esta investigacion fue la observacion y el instrumento de registro el diario pedagogico, en el que se detallaron de todos los eventos relacionados con la ejecucion de cada una de las fases del metodo, que aporta datos valiosos para la investigacion. Los resultados alcanzados se evaluaron mediante una rejilla disenada con base en los derechos basicos de aprendizaje y los estandares de competencias de lectura para grado cero. Estos resultados indican que.es posible fortalecer el proceso lector en los ninos de preescolar por medio del empleo de metodos innovadores sustentados con fundamentos teoricos que reconocen el potencial de aprendizaje de los ninos de preescolar y los principios que rigen el desarrollo del lenguaje en los primeros anos de escolaridad. En este caso, se reafirma la pertinencia de los bits de lectura que propone el metodo Doman.
The Use of Human Amnion/Chorion for the Enhancement of Collagen Synthesis and Acceleration of Wound Healing in a Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetic patients have impaired wound repair due to decreased fibroblast infiltration, growth factor production, and angiogenesis. Decellularized human amnion/chorion placental connective tissue matrix (PCTM) has high levels of extracellular matrix components, is rich in growth factors that promote angiogenesis, and has anti-inflammatory properties, so it was hypothesized that PCTM could enhance healing in diabetic rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in a 10% PCTM solution, and controls were unaugmented. Real-time PCR and thymidine and proline uptake were used to determine fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I synthesis, respectively. Two dorsal dermal lesions were subsequently induced in eighteen diabetic rats. One lesion was untreated; the other was covered with PCTM or porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and secured with sutures. Rats were sacrificed 1, 2, or 3 weeks postoperatively and analyzed on macroscopic appearance, fibrosis, epithelialization, and inflammation. In vitro placental augmentation resulted in a six-fold increase in collagen synthesis and a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation. In vivo PCTM treatments significantly increased epithelialization without increasing inflammation. PCTM-treated wounds had re-epithelialized within 2 weeks, whereas SIS treatments required three. These results indicate that PCTM accelerates healing due to enhanced fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I production. Diabetes is a challenging wound repair model; as such PCTM may have implications for treating injuries in both diabetic and healthy patients.
The Relationship Between Work Study and Career Development for Undergraduate Students

One route toward career preparation for college students comes from work experience. Internships demonstrate benefits, but there is limited inquiry on the career development benefits of Federal Wor...
A Real-World Ethical Analysis of Contingency Measures Enacted for Crisis Standards of Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) focuses on preventing catastrophes related to weapons of mass destruction, with a wide range of attacks including nuclear, biologic, radiologic, chemical and cyb...
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube for Acute Cholecystitis: Quantifying Outcomes and Prognosis.

ABSTRACT Background Percutaneous cholecystostomy tubes (PCT) are utilized in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients deemed unsuitable for surgery. However, the drive for these decisions and the outcomes remain understudied. We sought to characterize the practices and utilization of PCT and evaluate associated outcomes at an urban medical center. Methods Patients undergoing PCT placement over a 12-y study period ending May 2019 were reviewed. Demographics, clinical presentation, labs, imaging studies, and outcomes were abstracted. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-d mortality and interval cholecystectomy, respectively. Results Two hundred and four patients met inclusion criteria: 59.3% were male with a median age of 67.5 y and a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) risk of serious complication of 8.0%. Overall, 57.8% of patients were located in an intensive care unit setting. The majority (80.9%) had an ultrasound and 48.5% had a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan. The overall 30-d mortality was 31.9%: 41.5% for intensive care unit and 18.6% for ward patients (P Conclusions Patients selected for PCT placement have a high mortality risk. Despite subsequent removal of the PCT, the majority of surviving patients did not undergo an interval cholecystectomy. Total bilirubin and NSQIP risk of serious complication are useful adjuncts in predicting 30-d mortality in these patients.
Faculty writing groups: The impact of protected writing time and group support

Abstract Faculty at teaching institutions carry high teaching loads, leaving little time to write manuscripts or grant applications, let alone getting them published or awarded. This manuscript describes the impact of protected writing time for faculty at a higher education, teaching institution who committed to focused, uninterrupted writing time on a weekly basis and exchanged writing challenges and tips with colleagues. A mixed methods approach was used to assess the impacts of the writing group which found increased productivity (manuscripts and publications, proposals and grants) and sense of a research community with enhanced structural knowledge, camaraderie, and morale.
The Development and Education of the Mind: The Selected Works of Howard Gardner

1. Influences 2. The Pathbreaking Work of Jean Piaget 3. Jerome S. Bruner as Educator: Project Zero: Nelson Goodman's Legacy in Arts Education 4. Norman Geschwind Creative Genius 5. Developmental Psychology after Piaget: An approach in Terms of Symbolization 6. M.I. Theory 7. Beyond the IQ: Education and Human Development 8. Developing the Spectrum of Human Intelligences 9. Reflections on Multiple Intelligences: Myths and Messages 10. Who Owns Intelligence? 11. Multimedia and Multiple Intelligences 12. The Three Faces of Intelligence 13. M.I. after Twenty Years 14. Arts Education 15. Artistic Intelligences 16. Zero-Based Arts Education: An Introduction to Arts Propel 17. Illuminating Comparisons in the Arts 18. The Key in the Slot: Creativity in a Chinese key 19. Disciplinary Understanding The Unschooled Mind: Why Even the Best Students in the Best Schools do not Understand 20. Teaching for Understanding in the Disciplines - and Beyond 21. Multiple Approaches to Understanding 22. Education General 23. Assessment in Context: The Alternative to Standardised Testing 24. The Age of Innocence Reconsidered: Preserving the Best of the Progressive Traditions in psychology and Education 25. How Education Changes: Considerations of History, Science and Values 26. An Education for the Future: The Foundation of Science and Values 27. The Ethical Responsibilities of Professionals
The Origin of TCs

While a lot of work has been done in real-time systems, in real-time database systems, and more recently, in real-time active databases on the topic of time constrained processing of tasks and transactions, very little work exists that deals with the origin of the time constraints associated with the data, the events, and the actions. In this paper we attempt to identify the sources and semantics of time constraints and show that it is important to minimize the number of “mandated” timing requirements and also weaken the implications of timing constraint violations. The timing properties of interest and also the actions to be taken when the properties are violated can be specified using the Event-Condition-Action rules of active real-time databases. That is, an active real-time database can be made to store the data pertaining to the controlled system as well as the meta-data about the controlling system.
Vulnerability of Older Latino and Asian Immigrants with Limited English Proficiency

OBJECTIVES: To explore the implications of limited English proficiency (LEP) for disparities in health status and healthcare service use of older Latino and Asian immigrants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of existing secondary data. SETTING: The 2007 California Health Interview Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Latino and Asian immigrants aged 60 and older (n=1,745) were divided into three language proficiency groups: older adults who have LEP, are proficient in English but also speak another language at home (EP), and speak English only (EO). MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health service use, and barriers to service use were compared. RESULTS: Older Latino and Asian immigrants with LEP tended to have poorer self-rated health and higher psychological distress than the EP and EO groups. They were also less likely than the EP and EO groups to use health services and more likely to experience barriers to service use (e.g., difficulty understanding written information at the doctor's office). CONCLUSION: Older Latinos and Asians with LEP are at higher risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes and inadequate health care. Healthcare systems should consider strategies to address the language needs of older immigrants to reduce the effect of linguistic disparities on access to care and ultimately to improve health status for these vulnerable populations.
The photopic negative response of the macaque electroretinogram: reduction by experimental glaucoma.

PURPOSE. TO investigate the photopic flash electroretinograms (ERGs) of macaque monkeys in which visual field defects developed as a consequence of experimental glaucoma. METHODS. Unilateral experimental glaucoma was induced in 10 monkeys by argon laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork. Visual field sensitivity was assessed behaviorally by static perimetry. Photopic ERGs were recorded to brief- (^5 msec) and long-duration (200 msec) red ganzfeld flashes on a rod-suppressing blue-adapting background. Electroretinograms were recorded in four other monkeys, after intravitreal injection of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3-8-8 /xM) to suppress action potentials of retinal ganglion and amacrine cells, and in six normal adult human subjects. RESULTS. Experimental glaucoma removed a cornea-negative response, the photopic-negative response (PhNR), from the ERG. The PhNR in control eyes was maximal approximately 60 msec after a brief flash, 100 msec after onset, and 115 msec after offset of the long-duration stimulus. The PhNR in experimental eyes was greatly reduced when the mean deviation of the visual field sensitivity was as little as —6 dB. As visual sensitivity declined further, the PhNR was reduced only slightly more. The a- and b-waves were unchanged, even when sensitivity decreased by more than 16 dB. Tetrodotoxin also selectively reduced the PhNR. The PhNR was observed in normal human ERGs. CONCLUSIONS. The cornea-negative PhNR of the photopic ERG depends on spiking activity and is reduced in experimental glaucoma when visual sensitivity losses are still mild. The PhNR most likely arises from retinal ganglion cells and their axons, but its slow timing raises the possibility that it could be mediated by glia. Regardless of the mechanism of its generation, the PhNR holds promise as an indicator of retinal function in early glaucomatous optic neuropathy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:1124 -1136)
"Anticardiolipin" autoantibodies recognize beta 2-glycoprotein I in the absence of phospholipid. Importance of Ag density and bivalent binding.

"Anticardiolipin" autoantibodies (aCL) bind to anionic phospholipids only in the presence of beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI), a phospholipid-binding plasma protein. The exact role of beta 2GPI in the antigenic specificity of these autoantibodies is unclear, however. Experiments were performed to determine whether aCL recognize beta 2GPI in the absence of phospholipid or neo-Ags formed as a consequence of the beta 2GPI-phospholipid interaction. Although aCL+ IgG fractions did not bind to beta 2GPI alone in ELISAs that used standard polystyrene immunoassay plates, significant specific binding was detected when beta 2GPI was coated on gamma-irradiated ("high binding") polystyrene plates. This difference was associated with the greater density of beta 2GPI immobilized on the gamma-irradiated plates. Fab' fragments of patient IgG demonstrated little or no binding to immobilized beta 2GPI in ELISA, indicating a critical role for Ab bivalency. Inhibition studies of three aCL+ IgG fractions confirmed their specificity for beta 2GPI and demonstrated low affinity binding to fluid-phase beta 2GPI (Kd values of approximately 10(-5) M). aCL binding to beta 2GPI was not a result of phospholipid contamination of the assays, as determined by microphosphate assay and by lipid extraction of IgG and beta 2GPI preparations. In summary, these experiments indicate that IgG aCL are intrinsically low affinity Abs to beta 2GPI. Ab binding to beta 2GPI on a microtiter plate or anionic phospholipid membrane is dependent upon the marked increase in avidity provided by engagement of both Ag binding sites of a given IgG molecule. The data support the hypothesis that phospholipid-bound beta 2GPI is the physiologic target of aCL.
Managing the Economy for Whom? Comparing the Economic Policy Leadership of ofGeorge W. Bush with his Post-war Predecessors

George W. Bush’s presidency marked a regime change in American political development. Although the campaign – which emphasized the cross-partisan mantra of “compassionate conservatism” and criticized Clinton for activist foreign policy – pointed toward collaboration, the new president quickly established a distinctly ideological course. Clear conservative goals drew the line between parties, and Bush’s rhetoric defined friends and enemies all the more cleanly (Skowronek 2005; Fiorina 2008). The White House took aggressive charge of pressing its legislative goals on the Congress, centralizing policy formulation and issue management, opportunistically abandoning regular procedure to ensure enactment and to insulate supporters from electoral accountability for backing initiatives that were often well out of the mainstream. The significance of this change is readily appreciated in the legacy of foreign and domestic initiatives that followed and responded to the attacks of September 11, 2001. The question whether the policies and practices linked to 9/11 were normatively appropriate, constitutional, or even politically wise stimulates vigorous debate, but no one asks whether the Bush administration was responsible for the Iraq War, or for the heightened level of domestic surveillance Changes in the nation’s economic direction have arguably been as great, however, and yet the verdict on their content and significance is nowhere near as consensual. If the Bush presidency marks a regime change in both security policy and the economy, the complexities of fragmented authority and external constraints make assessing its significance more difficult when it comes to economic policy leadership. In this paper, I build on earlier work to strengthen the analytical foundation for describing and evaluating presidential economic policy leadership, in order to place the Bush years in the historical perspective of the post-World War II presidents from Eisenhower to Clinton.