cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrate sources and sinks in Elkhorn Slough, California: Results from long-term continuous in situ nitrate analyzers

Nitrate and water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and depth) were measured continuously with in situ NO3 analyzers and water quality sondes at two sites in Elkhorn Slough in Central California. The Main Channel site near the mouth of Elkhorn Slough was sampled from February to September 2001. Azevedo Pond, a shallow tidal pond bordering agricultural fields further inland, was sampled from December 1999 to July 2001. Nitrate concentrations were recorded hourly while salinity, temperature, depth, oxygen, and turbidity were recorded every 30 min. Nitrate concentrations at the Main Channel site ranged from 5 to 65 mM. The propagation of an internal wave carrying water from ;100 m depth up the Monterey Submarine Canyon and into the lower section of Elkhorn Slough on every rising tide was a major source of nitrate, accounting for 80-90% of the nitrogen load during the dry summer period. Nitrate concentrations in Azevedo Pond ranged from 0-20 mM during the dry summer months. Nitrate in Azevedo Pond increased to over 450 mM during a heavy winter precipitation event, and interannual variability driven by differences in precipitation was observed. At both sites, tidal cycling was the dominant forcing, often changing nitrate concentrations by 5-fold or more within a few hours. Water volume flux estimates were combined with observed nitrate concentrations to obtain nitrate fluxes. Nitrate flux calculations indicated a loss of 4 mmol NO3 m 22 d21 for the entire Elkhorn Slough and 1 mmol NO3 m22 d21 at Azevedo Pond. These results suggested that the waters of Elkhorn Slough were not a major source of nitrate to Monterey Bay but actually a nitrate sink during the dry season. The limited winter data at the Main Channel site suggest that nitrate was exported from Elkhorn Slough during the wet season. Export of ammonium or dissolved organic nitrogen, which we did not monitor, may balance some or all of the NO3 flux.
Efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in pediatric migraine.

About 5-10% of school-age children manifest migraine headaches. Treatment options for pediatric migraine are limited. Topiramate is approved for migraine prophylaxis in adults, but its use in children is limited. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 patients, i.e., 22 (60%) girls and 15 (40%) boys (mean age, 14 years; range, 7.3-20.5 years), diagnosed with migraine without aura in 30 (81%), with aura in four (11%), and abdominal, ophthalmoplegic, and catamenial in one each. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 5 months standard deviation (S.D.). Clinical response was qualified as excellent, good, no change, or worse. Numbers of headaches per month were 15 ± 7 S.D. prior to treatment and 3 ± 3.4 S.D. (P 50% migraine reduction) was attained in 28 patients (76%). Ten (27%) patients exhibited adverse effects. Patients taking >2 mg/kg/day were more likely to demonstrate side effects. The mean dose for patients without adverse effects was 1.27 ± 0.7 mg/kg/day S.D. Those who reported adverse effects were taking a mean dose of 2.8 ± 1.5 mg/kg/day S.D. This study demonstrated that topiramate is an effective, safe alternative for the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine. An acceptable risk/benefit maintenance dose was ≤2 mg/kg/day.
Emergence-Site Selection by the Dragonfly Epitheca spinosa (Hagen)

Abstract Odonates are vulnerable during emergence, when they shed their larval skin (exuvia) to take flight as adults. Emergence-site selection should adapt to the local mortality risks. Here, I characterized emergence-site selection of Epitheca spinosa (Robust Baskettails) by noting the substrate, height, and distance from water of exuviae in a 300 m × 5 m plot at Weston Lake, Congaree National Park, Hopkins, SC. Of the 82 Robust Baskettail exuviae sampled, 52 (63.4%) were found on trees with corky bark (Nyssa aquatica [Water Tupelo], Nyssa biflora [Swamp Tupelo], Fraxinus pennsylvanica [Green Ash]), while no exuviae were found on the peeling, flaky trunks of Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress) or the smooth, platy trunks of Acer rubrum (Red Maple). However, 26 (31.7%) exuviae were on T. distichum pneumatophores. This pattern was significantly different from the relative abundances of these substrate types (χ2 = 19.8, df = 3, P < 0.001). Most exuviae (93.9%) were on substrates touching the water, suggestin...
Adaptive sensing for search with continuous actions and observations

The problem of allocating sensing energy over a field arises in many applications. When this allocation is over space and time and observations of sensing outcomes are available, this becomes a stochastic control problem with a very large state space. In this paper, we study a two-stage sensor energy allocation problem with constraints on the total energy available and continuous-valued state and decision spaces. We develop a stochastic control formulation of this problem and establish lower bounds on the optimal cost. We use a lower bound as a surrogate cost and solve the associated stochastic control problem using dynamic programming combined with Lagrangian relaxation. Subsequently, we use the computed solutions to obtain near-optimal adaptive energy allocation policies. Numerical experiments establish that our approach yields superior performance to approaches proposed previously and can generate solutions two orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches.
140) Voxel based morphometry analysis of patients with chronic neuropathic pain

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic neuropathic pain condition. Central mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in the generation and maintenance of many chronic pain conditions. In this study we investigated regional gray matter volume (GMV) differences between CRPS patients and controls by performing voxelbased morphometry (VBM) analyses on high-resolution T1 magnetic resonance images. Eighteen right-handed patients with right upper extremity CRPS (mean age 41.7 11.3 (SD)) meeting IASP criteria for CRPS were matched with 25 right-handed controls (age 35.0 14.0). Statistical Parametrical Mapping 5 (SPM5) software and tools provided by Dr. Christian Gaser were used to process the data. Gray matter (GM) images were then submitted to an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) regressing out age and total GMV (p 0.01 corrected). We found that CRPS patients, compared to controls, had significantly reduced GM in the cingulate to precuneus and increased GM in the right occipital cerebellar region. At a more lenient threshold, we found increased GM in the left lateral prefrontal region and the midbrain including periaqueductal gray. A second analysis (CRPS: n15, age 43.7 9.1 RH females with right upper-extremity CRPS; Controls: n15, age 41.6 12.8, RH females) showed similar trends. The increase in cerebellar volume may be due to repeated painful stimuli being processed through the cerebellothalamo-cortical pathways. Increases in periaqueductal gray may represent continued increased inhibitory activity in patients with chronic pain. The posterior cingulate and the precuneus are thought to be involved in the experience of pain -the posterior cingulate through the encoding of pain intensity, and the precuneas through emotional learning and integrative tasks. The areas of decreased GM are shown in functional studies to be hyperactive in pain patients adds further support to the theory that CRPS induces structural abnormalities in the human brain.
Approaches for Unraveling the Joint Genetic Determinants of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Since Emil Kraepelin proposed in 1919 that dementia praecox (schizophrenia) be differentiated from manic depression (bipolar disorder), the concept of nosological dichotomy has greatly influenced the diagnosis, treatment, and research of pathogenesis of these 2 disorders. However, this concept has recently been challenged by increasing evidence showing biological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This article reviews some of the previous evidence for phenomenological and molecular overlaps between these 2 disorders. We then discuss approaches for examining shared etiological mechanisms with a concentration on genetic factors. We have put a particular emphasis on incorporating the concept of endophenotypes in research of shared genetic liability for these 2 disorders.
Medical and psychosocial issues in gynecologic cancer survivors

An emerging body of research has documented the quality of life of women with gynecologic cancer around the time of diagnosis and during treatment. However, we know much less about the quality of life and psychosocial and medical needs of gynecologic cancer survivors after treatment.1,2 In particular, there are very few studies documenting the risk of possible late medical effects of gynecologic cancer treatment such as osteoporosis and second primary cancers. More is known about self-reported symptoms and psychosocial sequelae, such as sexual functioning and psychologic distress, but even these studies rarely focus on survivors more than 5 years after diagnosis. Additionally, much of the extant research has limitations such as small sample sizes, nonstandardized measures, and cross-sectional designs, often without appropriate comparison groups. Finally, there is a dearth of research testing interventions to ameliorate problems experienced by gynecologic cancer survivors. While in some areas additional research is needed to better describe the sequelae and determine who is at risk for adverse late effects, in others areas (e.g., sexual functioning), adequate data describing the problem are available, and a stronger focus on treatment interventions is needed (see also Chapter 19).
Probing with the ventilator

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist operates through recordings of electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). Barwing and colleagues found increases in EAdi in weaning-failure patients, although the values were not significantly different from weaning-success patients. Future studies will need to carefully control for the considerable biological noise evident in EAdi recordings.
From Care Plans to Care Coordination: Opportunities for Computer Support of Teamwork in Complex Healthcare

Children with complex health conditions require care from a large, diverse team of caregivers that includes multiple types of medical professionals, parents and community support organizations. Coordination of their outpatient care, essential for good outcomes, presents major challenges. Extensive healthcare research has shown that the use of integrated, team-based care plans improves care coordination, but such plans are rarely deployed in practice. This paper reports on a study of care teams treating children with complex conditions at a major university tertiary care center. This study investigated barriers to plan implementation and resultant care coordination problems. It revealed the complex nature of teamwork in complex care, which poses challenges to team coordination that extend beyond those identified in prior work and handled by existing coordination systems. The paper builds on a computational teamwork theory to identify opportunities for technology to support increased plan-based complex-care coordination and to propose design approaches for systems that enable and enhance such coordination.
Decentralized Quantized Kalman Filtering With Scalable Communication Cost

Estimation and tracking of generally nonstationary Markov processes is of paramount importance for applications such as localization and navigation. In this context, ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer decentralized Kalman filtering (KF) based algorithms with documented merits over centralized alternatives. Adhering to the limited power and bandwidth resources WSNs must operate with, this paper introduces two novel decentralized KF estimators based on quantized measurement innovations. In the first quantization approach, the region of an observation is partitioned into N contiguous, nonoverlapping intervals where each partition is binary encoded using a block of m bits. Analysis and Monte Carlo simulations reveal that with minimal communication overhead, the mean-square error (MSE) of a novel decentralized KF tracker based on 2-3 bits comes stunningly close to that of the clairvoyant KF. In the second quantization approach, if intersensor communications can afford m bits at time n, then the ith bit is iteratively formed using the sign of the difference between the nth observation and its estimate based on past observations (up to time n-1) along with previous bits (up to i-1) of the current observation. Analysis and simulations show that KF-like tracking based on m bits of iteratively quantized innovations communicated among sensors exhibits MSE performance identical to a KF based on analog-amplitude observations applied to an observation model with noise variance increased by a factor of [1-(1-2/pi)m]-1.
The Dominican intervention

Drawing on nearly 150 personal interviews with individuals in the DominicanRepublic and the United States, on rare access to classified U.S. government documents, and on his own first-hand experiences during the crisis, Abraham F. Lowenthal rejects official, liberal, and radical accounts of the intervention. Instead, he explains it as the product of fundamental premises, of decision-making procedures, and of bureaucratic politics. In a new preface, Lowenthal discusses the Dominican intervention in its Cold War context and in comparative and theoretical perspective. As the issue of U.S. military action is raised anew-from Iraq to Bosnia-the lessons of the Dominican crisis will continue to command attention.
Nonparametric feature selection

Two groups of L -dimensional observations of size N_{1} and N_{2} are known to be random vector variables from two unknown probability distribution functions [1]. A method is discussed for obtaining an l -dimensional linear subspace of the observation space in which the l -variate marginal distributions are most separated, based on a nonparametric estimate of probability density functions and a distance criterion. The distance used essentially is the L_{2} norm of the difference between Parzen estimates of the two densities. An algorithm is developed that determines the subspace for which the distance between the two densities is maximized. Computer simulations are performed.
Natal and Breeding Dispersal of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) in an Agricultural Landscape

ABSTRACT. Dispersal is a key process in the metapopulation dynamics and genetic structure of spatially segregated populations. However, our knowledge of avian dispersal, particularly in migratory passerines, remains limited. We studied dispersal of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) to determine whether agricultural management practices affected dispersal patterns and habitat selection. From 2002 to 2006, we banded adults and nestlings on six focal hay fields and two pastures in the Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York and searched for banded birds within 1.5 km of Vermont field sites during two years. Natal dispersal distances were greater than breeding dispersal in both species, and breeding dispersal distances of Bobolinks were greater than those of Savannah Sparrows. Site fidelity was high in both species, with >80% of detected adults and ∼30% of detected natal dispersers returning to the same field in subsequent years. During natal dispersal, movem...
Performance of nonlinearly amplified multicarrier spread spectrum systems in the presence of multipath fading

We analyze the effect of a nonlinearity on the bit error rate performance of multicarrier spread spectrum (MCSS) systems in the presence of multipath fading. A 5th order polynomial model is used to represent the amplifier amplitude nonlinearities (AM/AM) and a flat Rayleigh fading channel is assumed for each modulated carrier. It is found that for the additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channel, the bit error degradation from a nonlinear amplification is not as significant as in the additive white Gaussian noise channel alone.
Facilely Tuning Porous NiCo2O4 Nanosheets with Metal Valence‐State Alteration and Abundant Oxygen Vacancies as Robust Electrocatalysts Towards Water Splitting

Great efforts in developing clean electrochemical water splitting technology leads to the rational design and synthesis of highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with low overpotential and fast reaction kinetics. Herein, we focus on the role that morphology and composition play in the OER performance to rationally design freestanding 3D porous NiCo2O4 nanosheets with metal valence states alteration and abundant oxygen vacancies as robust electrocatalysts towards water splitting. Besides metal valence-state alteration, surface modification regarding the evolution of oxygen vacancies is facilely realized upon the sodium borohydride treatment, which is beneficial for the enhanced OER performance. Taking advantage of the porous nanostructures and abundant surface activity sites with high reactivity, the resultant nanostructures exhibit excellent OER activity and stability in alkaline electrolytes that outperform that of pristine NiCo2O4 and commercial RuO2, thus holding great potential for the water splitting.
Technical aspects of resolution recovery reconstruction

Technological advances in processing have allowed nuclear cardiology labs to increase efficiency as well as reduce radiation exposure to both patients and staff. With increased awareness on reduced radiation exposure, efficiency and quality resolution recovery reconstruction is a perfect fit for nuclear cardiology. Having a basic understanding of what is required as well as being aware of the potential pitfalls can provide some clarity on how to incorporate resolution recovery reconstruction into the existing workflow of a nuclear cardiology lab.
The mechanism of fenretinide (4-HPR) inhibition of β-carotene monooxygenase 1. New suspect for the visual side effects of fenretinide.

Fenretinide (4-hydroxy(phenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR), a synthetic retinoid derivative, shows anticancer potential in clinical trials for treatment of breast cancer. Common side effects associated with fenretinide treatment include night blindness initially attributed to inhibition of RBP4 (retinol-binding protein 4)-binding to retinol and consequent impaired retinol transport. However, fenretinide affects RBP4−/− animals similarly to wild-type mice, and thus, the reason for the effects of fenretinide remains elusive. It has been suggested that ®-carotene monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) might supply all-trans retinal as an accessory source of vitamin A for the visual cycle. We found that fenretinide is a strong inhibitor of mouse BCMO1 (K i ∼ 1.2 μM), acting noncompetitively. In contrast, other retinoids, such as retinyl palmitate and retinyl acetate, as well as other biologically active aromatic compounds (capsaicin and resveratrol, and the amino analog of fenretinide) do not substantially inhibit BCMO1 activity. To study the mechanism of inhibition, we deleted portion of an interstrand loop of BCMO1 (metazoan loop) to generate BCMO1⊗336-345. This mutant had impaired enzymatic activity, but was not substantially inhibited by fenretinide. Thus, we demonstrate that fenretinide is a strong noncompetitive inhibitor of BCMO1 and that the metazoan loop influences binding of this retinoid. Our data point to an additional mechanism of fenretinide-induced night blindness through inhibition of BCMO1.
Integrated analysis of proteome and transcriptome changes in the mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mouse hippocampus

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of β-glucuronidase. In this study, we compared the changes relative to normal littermates in the proteome and transcriptome of the hippocampus in the C57Bl/6 mouse model of MPS VII, which has well-documented histopathological and neurodegenerative changes. A completely different set of significant changes between normal and MPS VII littermates were found in each assay. Nevertheless, the functional annotation terms generated by the two methods showed agreement in many of the processes, which also corresponded to known pathology associated with the disease. Additionally, assay-specific changes were found, which in the proteomic analysis included mitochondria, energy generation, and cytoskeletal differences in the mutant, while the transcriptome differences included immune, vesicular, and extracellular matrix changes. In addition, the transcriptomic changes in the mutant hippocampus were concordant with those in a MPS VII mouse caused by the same mutation but on a different background inbred strain.
356. 10 Jahre experimentelle chirurgie in utero

Zwischen 1976 and 1986 haben wir an Ratten, Hunden, Katzen, Kaninchen, Schafen und Affen 204 Operationen an 83 Tieren in 98 Narkosen durchgefuhrt. Von der anfanglichen weiten Laparotomie, weiten Hysterotomie, ausgedehnten Uterusmobilisierung and geringen fetalen Mobilisierung haben wir die Technik verbessert zur minimalen Laparotomie, minimalen Hysterotomie, ausgedehnten Fetusmobilisierung and geringen Uterusmobilisierung. Die Uberlebensraten des Fetus betrugen zuletzt etwa 80%, beim Muttertier 100°/x. Operationen am Fetus: Aorta-, Cava-, Allantoisund Amnionhohlenkatheter, EEG-Elektroden, Hypophysenausschaltung, Pyelo-Amnio-Stomien im Hinblick auf Nephropathie-Korrekturen, Heilung von Muskel, Haut and Knorpel.
Solving Residential Burglaries in the United States: The Impact of Forensic Evidence on Case Outcomes:

Despite recent developments and the growth of forensic science services in the United States, little published research exists on the impact of forensic evidence on criminal case outcomes. The present study focused on the influence of forensic evidence on the case processing of residential burglary incidents in the United States. The study utilised a prospective analysis of official record data that followed cases in five jurisdictions from the time of police incident report to final criminal disposition. The study results showed that most residential burglaries went unsolved. Only 8.2 per cent of the 1,263 burglary incidents resulted in arrest and only 3.2 per cent of all incidents had a conviction. Cases were more likely to have arrests and referrals to the district attorney when witnesses and victims provided information to the police and forensic evidence was collected at crime scenes. The only significant predictor of case charges was witness reports. Forensic evidence variables did not influence cas...
The Use of Glycerol-Kcl in Scanning Microscopy of Acari

The conventional method of preparing tissue for the scanning electron microscope is a combination of fixation, freeze-drying, and gold-plating (Arcenaux 1969). This treatment produces a specimen that is self-supporting in the high vacuum of the microscope and is covered by a good electrical conductor. Soft-bodied mites that do not have a cuticle that will retain moisture in a vacuum can probably be prepared for observation in this conventional manner. Some mites require no preparation prior to observation (e.g., the house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes). These mites can be observed while alive for ca. 45 min (Wharton 1970). Such specimens have cuticles that are sufficiently impermeable to water that rapid desiccation does not take place and at the same time are sufficiently hydrated with electrolyte to conduct off the charge, thus making a layer of gold unnecessary.
Magnesium Transport and Magnesium Homeostasis

This review reviews the properties and regulation of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli transporters that mediate Mg2+ influx: CorA and the Mgt P-type ATPases. In addition, potential Mg2+ regulation of transcription and translation, largely via the PhoPQ two component system, is discussed. CorA proteins are a unique class of transporters and are widespread in the Bacteria and Archaea, with rather distant but functional homologs in eukaryotes. The Mgt transporters are highly homologous to other P-type ATPases but are more closely related to the eukaryotic H+ and Ca2+ ATPases than to most prokaryotic ATPases. Hundreds of homologs of CorA are currently known from genomic sequencing. In contrast, only when extracellular and possibly intracellular Mg2+ levels fall significantly is the expression of mgtA and mgtB induced. Topology studies using blaM and lacZ fusions initially indicated that the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium CorA contained three transmembrane (TM) segments; however, subsequent data obtained using a variety of approaches showed that the CorA superfamily of proteins have only two TMs at the extreme C terminus. PhoP-PhoQ is a two-component system consisting of PhoQ, the sensor/receptor histidine kinase, and PhoP, the response regulator/transcriptional activator. The expression of both mgtA and mgtCB in either E. coli or Salmonella serovar Typhimurium is markedly induced in a PhoPQ-dependent manner by low concentrations of Mg2+ in the medium. phoP and phoQ form an operon with two promoters in both E. coli and Salmonella serovar Typhimurium.
What are the Actual Effects of Cash Holdings? Evidence from the Mutual Fund Industry

We uncover the unintended consequences of cash holdings of mutual funds in the form of adverse selection associated with asset sales. We find that funds’ cash holdings can adversely affect the trading liquidity of their stock holdings. Facing investor redemption, cash poor funds are likely to engage in forced sale due to funding liquidity needs while cash rich funds are likely to sell voluntarily based on private information. Cross-sectional tests using stocks with different levels of information asymmetry, identification through exogenous change to the information environment, and placebo tests using index funds help us identify the adverse selection channel through which cash holdings affect the stock liquidity.
Study on a novel tungsten phosphide hydrofining catalyst

Several tungsten phosphide catalysts using γ-Al2O3 as support and ammonium dibasic phosphate and ammonium metatungstate as raw material were prepared by impregnation method.The effects of impregnation sequence and loadings of W and P,calcination and reduction temperature on hydrogenation activity of the catalyst were investigated using HDS reaction of thiophene as the probe reaction.The results showed that thiophene HDS activity of suppoted WP-1 catalyst with WP loadings of 30% was superior to the others.Addition of P improved the hydrogenation activity.
Predicting Depression via Social Media

Major depression constitutes a serious challenge in personal and public health. Tens of millions of people each year suffer from depression and only a fraction receives adequate treatment. We explore the potential to use social media to detect and diagnose major depressive disorder in individuals. We first employ crowdsourcing to compile a set of Twitter users who report being diagnosed with clinical depression, based on a standard psychometric instrument. Through their social media postings over a year preceding the onset of depression, we measure behavioral attributes relating to social engagement, emotion, language and linguistic styles, ego network, and mentions of antidepressant medications. We leverage these behavioral cues, to build a statistical classifier that provides estimates of the risk of depression, before the reported onset. We find that social media contains useful signals for characterizing the onset of depression in individuals, as measured through decrease in social activity, raised negative affect, highly clustered egonetworks, heightened relational and medicinal concerns, and greater expression of religious involvement. We believe our findings and methods may be useful in developing tools for identifying the onset of major depression, for use by healthcare agencies; or on behalf of individuals, enabling those suffering from depression to be more proactive about their mental health.
A prospective comparative study to evaluate the displacement of four commercially available breast biopsy markers.

Objective:Radiopaque markers are commonly deployed following breast biopsies to indicate the location of the targeted lesion. A frequently encountered complication is the displacement of these markers. This study compared the degree of displacement among four newer generation markers after stereotactic core needle biopsy.Methods:80 consecutive biopsies were performed at three breast centre sites. The markers included: HydroMARK® (Mammotome, Cincinnati, OH), MammoMARK™ (Mammotome, Cincinnati, OH), MammoStar™ (Mammotome, Cincinnati, OH) and SecurMark® (Hologic, Bedford, MA). Each marker was composed of a radiopaque core with a unique polymeric encasing component. Post-procedure mammograms were obtained and the degree of marker displacement was measured.Results:MammoMARK™ exhibited the greatest mean net displacement, followed by HydroMARK®, SecurMark® and MammoStar™ (13.9, 7.7, 5.8 and 4.7 mm, respectively), although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.398). 73% of the markers did...
The writer and meta-knowledge about writing: threshold concepts in creative writing

ABSTRACTThe threshold concept has become an important tool for scholarship on teaching and learning. This article proposes 12 threshold concepts for creative writing that emphasise aesthetic sensitivity, the diversity of the textual landscape, historical knowledge of craft traditions, and the complexities of the writing process.
Experimental Investigation of Notch-Type Damage Identification with a Curvature-Based Method by Using a Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer System

This paper experimentally investigates a notch-type damage identification methodology for beams by using a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system. Velocity response of a beam along a scan line under sinusoidal excitation is measured by the CSLDV system and an operating deflection shape (ODS) of the beam is obtained by the demodulation method from velocity response. The ODS of an associated undamaged beam is obtained by using a polynomial with a proper order to fit the ODS from the demodulation method. The curvature of an ODS (CODS) can be calculated with a high quality due to a dense measurement grid of the ODS. A curvature damage index (CDI) is proposed to identify a notch with a length of 1 mm along a beam and a depth of 0.9 mm under different excitation frequencies. The CDI uses differences between CODSs associated with ODSs that are obtained by the demodulation method and the polynomial fit; an auxiliary CDI obtained by averaging CDIs at different excitation frequencies is defined to further assist identification of damage. An averaging technique is applied to velocity response of the beam to reduce measurement noise. Effects of the number of averages on ODSs, CODSs, and CDIs are investigated. Four scan lines with an equal length of 151 mm and different locations with respect to the notch are used to investigate reliability of the proposed methodology. Finally, a whole scan line with a length of 555 mm along the beam is applied and the notch is successfully identified near regions with consistently high values of CDIs at different excitation frequencies; it can also be identified with the auxiliary CDI by a prominent peak at the location of the notch.
Distress Tolerance as a Mediator of the Association Between Borderline Personality Symptoms and Obsessive Relational Intrusion: An Exploratory Analysis.

Obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) is the process by which a pursuer makes multiple attempts at establishing an unwanted, intimate relationship with an individual. It encompasses the more widely ...
The Igor’ Tale and the Origins of Conspiracy Theory

In his 2004 lecture delivered at Harvard, Norman W. Ingham critiques Edward L. Keenan’s controversial book Joseph Dobrovský and the Origins of the Igor’ Tale (Slovo o polku Igoreve) and argues that Keenan’s claims against the poem’s authenticity are not convincing.
Dynamic-Mechanical and Dielectric Evidence of Long-Lived Mesoscale Organization in Ionic Liquids.

Experimental evidence of the dynamics of mesoscopic structure in room-temperature ionic liquids—a feature expected to correlate with many physicochemical properties of these materials—remains limited. Here, we report the observation of slow, sub-α relaxations corresponding to dynamics of nanoscale hydrophobic aggregates in a systematic series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids from detailed analysis of dynamic-mechanical and broad-band dielectric spectra. The emergence of the sub-α relaxations correlates with increases in the zero-shear viscosity and static dielectric permittivity, constituting direct evidence of the influence of mesoscale aggregation on the physicochemical properties of ionic liquids.
The O2/N2 ratio and CO2 airborne Southern Ocean study

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by mediating atmosphere–ocean partitioning of heat and carbon dioxide. However, Earth system models are demonstrably deficient in the Southern Ocean, leading to large uncertainties in future air–sea CO2 flux projections under climate warming and incomplete interpretations of natural variability on interannual to geologic time scales. Here, we describe a recent aircraft observational campaign, the O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean (ORCAS) study, which collected measurements over the Southern Ocean during January and February 2016. The primary research objective of the ORCAS campaign was to improve observational constraints on the seasonal exchange of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen with the Southern Ocean. The campaign also included measurements of anthropogenic and marine biogenic reactive gases; high-resolution, hyperspectral ocean color imaging of the ocean surface; and microphysical data relevant for understan...
Gravitational collapse of colloidal gels: non-equilibrium phase separation driven by osmotic pressure

Delayed gravitational collapse of colloidal gels is characterized by initially slow compaction that gives way to rapid bulk collapse, posing interesting questions about the underlying mechanistic origins. Here we study gel collapse utilizing large-scale dynamic simulation of a freely draining gel of physically bonded particles subjected to gravitational forcing. The hallmark regimes of collapse are recovered: slow compaction, transition to rapid collapse, and long-time densification. Microstructural changes are monitored by tracking particle positions, coordination number, and bond dynamics, along with volume fraction, osmotic pressure, and potential energy. Together these reveal the surprising result that collapse can occur with a fully intact network, where the tipping point arises when particle migration dissolves strands in a capillary-type instability. While it is possible for collapse to rupture a gel network into clusters that then sediment, and hydrodynamic interactions can make interesting contributions, neither is necessary. Rather, we find that the “delay” arises from gravity-enhanced coarsening, which triggers the re-emergence of phase separation. The mechanism of this transition is a leap toward lower potential energy of the gel, driven by bulk negative osmotic pressure that condenses the particle phase: the gel collapses in on itself under negative osmotic pressure allowing the gel, to tunnel through the equilibrium phase diagram to a higher volume fraction “state”. Remarkably, collapse stops when condensation stops, when gravitational advection produces a positive osmotic pressure, re-arresting the gel.
Fermionic Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems and weak symmetry-protected phases

The celebrated Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem excludes a nondegenerate gapped ground state of a spin system with an odd number of $s=\frac{1}{2}$ spins per unit cell. Here, the author presents a new family of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorems for fermionic systems that have no analog in spin systems. An example is a particle-hole symmetric system of spinless fermions on a lattice with an odd number of fermionic modes per unit cell. The author shows that a symmetric gapped ground state must be topologically ordered, and the lattice translation symmetries must permute anyon types, resulting in non-Abelian zero modes bound to lattice dislocations. These results can be interpreted as quantum anomalies on the surface of three-dimensional fermionic symmetry-protected phases.
Palatability and Biochemical Factors of Beef from Mature Cattle Finished on a Concentrate Diet Prior to Harvest

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of grain-finishing on mature beef palatability. Beef strip loins (n = 15 per treatment) from 2 marbling score groups [Slight (SL) and Traces/Practically Devoid (TR/PD)] and 3 carcass types [young fed (YF), mature fed (MF), and mature unfed (MU)] were collected. Young fed and MF cattle were grain-finished prior to harvest, whereas, beef from MU cattle were not identified as being grain-finished prior to harvest. Consumer and trained sensory panels evaluated steaks for palatability characteristics. Additionally, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), collagen solubility, sarcomere length, and volatile compounds were evaluated. Consumer ratings were not influenced (P > 0.05) by an interaction of main effects. Slight samples were greater (P 0.05) were observed among SL samples for beef flavor, beef flavor intensity, or off-flavor intensity due to carcass type. However, TR/PD-MF and MU steaks had more intense (P 0.05) by carcass type; however, MF and MU carcasses with TR/PD marbling scores had shorter (P < 0.05) sarcomeres than YF carcasses. Various volatile compounds were influenced (P < 0.05) by treatment and showed relationships with sensory ratings. Improvements in palatability were observed due to grain-finishing mature cattle, suggesting an adequate degree of marbling could offset negative palatability traits typically associated with beef from mature cattle.
Neurodevelopmental Impairment Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Research Network.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcome in a contemporary cohort of extremely preterm infants. We hypothesize that the rate of severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) decreases over time. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants ≤27 weeks’ gestational age (GA) from a Neonatal Research Network center that completed neurodevelopmental follow-up assessments between April 1, 2011, and January 1, 2015. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID III) and a standardized neurosensory examination were performed between 18 and 26 months’ adjusted age. Outcome measures were neurologic examination diagnoses, BSID III cognitive and motor scores, sensory impairment, and the composite outcome of NDI, based on the BSID III cognitive score (analyzed by using a cutoff of RESULTS: Two thousand one hundred and thirteen infants with a mean GA of 25.0 ± 1.0 weeks and mean birth weight of 760 ± 154 g were evaluated. The 11% lost to follow-up were less likely to have private insurance, late-onset sepsis, or severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Neurologic examination results were normal in 59%, suspect abnormal in 19%, and definitely abnormal in 22%. Severe CP decreased 43% whereas mild CP increased 13% during the study. The rate of moderate to severe NDI decreased from 21% to 16% when using the BSID III cognitive cutoff of CONCLUSIONS: Extremely preterm children are at risk for NDI. Over time, the rate of moderate to severe NDI did not differ, but the rates of severe CP decreased, and mild CP increased.
Optimization of multi-layer ceramic capacitor geometry for maximum yield during binder burnout

The yield during binder burnout of barium titanate multi-layer ceramic capacitors with poly(vinyl) butyral as a binder and platinum as the electrode material depends on the side length and height of the devices. In general, the yield decreases with increasing volume of the capacitor and depends on the aspect ratio of the component. For capacitors of square parallelepiped geometry, the optimum aspect ratio determined from the analysis of binder burnout yield data occurs at a height-to-length ratio of approximately 1 : 3. A methodology is presented which describes how to use the yield data obtained from binder burnout experiments to guide the optimum design of capacitor geometry. Analytical expressions were developed for capacitors of cube, square parallelepiped, rectangular parallelepiped, circular cylinder, and elliptical cylinder geometry. As the dependence of the yield on the dimensions becomes more complex, the optimum shape of the capacitor becomes more asymmetric.
The Probability of Teenage Parenthood: Parental Predictions and Their Accuracy

Teenage parenthood is an often-discussed topic in family economics since it has been shown to affect many outcomes for the teen, child, and household. Using a nationally representative longitudinal panel of American teenagers and their parents, two questions related to the probability of teenage parenthood are examined. First, how do predictions of this occurrence made by the teenager’s parents vary across the population? Second, how does the accuracy of these predictions vary? The actual prevalence and variance of teenage parenthood are also examined, and the determinants of its occurrence are estimated. Among other results, expectations and their accuracy are found to differ substantially across socioeconomic status and some demographics such as race and religion. The average American parent underestimates the probability their child will become a teen parent by only a small amount, but within certain demographic groups this outcome is considerably underestimated, and in others it is overestimated. These differences help explain the variability in teen parenthood effects, and more broadly, the analysis serves as a test of parents’ ability to judge their childrens’ future outcomes.
Studying the interactions in a mammalian nerve fiber: a functional modeling approach

Modern therapeutic interventions are increasingly favoring electrical stimulation to treat neurophysiological dis-orders. These therapies are associated with suboptimal efficacy since most neurostimulation devices operate in an open-loop manner $(i.e.$, stimulation settings like frequency, amplitude are preprogrammed). A closed-loop system can dynamically adjust stimulation parameters and may provide efficient therapies. Computational models used to design these systems vary in complexity which can adversely affect their real-time performance. In this study, we compare two models of varying degrees of complexity. We constructed two computational models of a myelinated nerve fiber (functional versus mechanistic) each receiving two inputs: the underlying physiological activity at one end of the fiber, and the external stimulus applied to the middle of the fiber. We then defined relay reliability as the percentage of physiological action potentials that make it to the other end of the nerve fiber. We applied the two inputs to the fiber at various frequencies and analyze reliability. We found that the functional model and the mechanistic model have similar reliability properties, but the functional model significantly decreases the computational complexity and simulation run time. This modeling effort is the first step towards understanding and designing closed loop, real-time neurostimulation devices.
Downsizing Agency: Role and Psychological Contract Type Effects on Stress and Commitment

Emerging research suggests that a special class of downsizing survivors called downsizing agents (DAs) – employees who are responsible for planning or implementing downsizing events – have a unique...
The Ability to Predict Seizure Onset

Abstract Seizure prediction based on features extracted from electrocorticogram recordings can be achieved with both high selectivity and specificity. This chapter will provide a review of the basics for developing a seizure prediction algorithm, utilizing feature selection, classification training, evaluation, and subsequent optimization.
Estimating spatial effects on peer-to-peer accommodation prices: Towards an innovative hedonic model approach

Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations have scaled up in the wave of enthusiasm for innovative internet technologies, which challenge the conventional hotel industry. Pricing is a significant lever a P2P lodging host needs to improve profitability. The purpose of the present study was to examine pricing determinants of P2P accommodations considering their spatial dependency. Two spatial hedonic pricing models (HPM) were examined for site attributes and situation attributes, respectively. Three site indicators (count of bedrooms, accommodated person capacity, and overall review score) and four situation indicators (counts of P2P lodging listings, population density, unemployment counts, median income) contributed to the price of a P2P lodging list. The application of spatial HPM provides marketers and hosts on P2P lodging platforms more in-depth analysis and effective strategies for pricing.
Belowground processes for two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families respond differently to the intensity of plantation management

Abstract Intensive forest management (fertilization, weed control) and the planting of fast-growing families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) can dramatically increase the rate of tree biomass accumulation, but it is unclear how tree genetics and management intensity interact to affect belowground processes. For 2.5 years in a 10–12-year-old plantation in north central Florida, we examined ecosystem carbon (C) accumulation, soil respiration (SR), total belowground C flux (TBCF), and litterfall in forests receiving different levels and types of fertilizer and weed control treatments that effectively reflected a contrast in ‘high’ vs. ‘operational’ management intensity. A fast-growing family was compared with a slower-growing family using single-family block plots. Applying high intensity silviculture treatments significantly (p 0.05) for either annual increment or organic horizon C. In contrast, the response of belowground C dynamics to silvicultural intensity were family specific, with the fast-growing family having significantly (p
Patterns of Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Adolescents Using Latent Class Analysis

Research has identified interpersonal violence (a broad term that includes stalking, harassment, sexual assault, and physical dating violence) as a major problem among adolescents. Research suggests that there are different patterns, or classes, of interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration, but little of this work has focused on adolescents. In the current study, we conducted latent class analysis using a sample of 2,921 adolescent girls and boys in high school from northern New England to assess varying patterns of interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration over the past 2 months, specifically stalking, harassment, sexual assault, and dating violence. Four classes of violence victimization and perpetration were identified: (a) No Victimization or Perpetration class (n = 1,898, 65.0%), (b) Low Victimization and Perpetration class (n = 343, 11.7%), (c) Harassment Victimization Only class (n = 560, 19.2%), and (d) High Victimization and Low Perpetration class (n = 120, 4.1%). Several differences in classes emerged as a function of demographic and behavioral health variables. For example, the High Victimization and Low Perpetration class had the highest proportion of girls and youth with sexual minority status. Furthermore, youth in the High Victimization and Low Perpetration class also had a significantly higher proportion of class members endorsing depressed mood and engagement in binge drinking than the youth in other classes. These findings demonstrate the heterogeneity in patterns of interpersonal violence, which future research should seek to better understand in terms of etiology, outcomes, and best practices for prevention and intervention.