cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tensions in a non-traditional Spanish classroom

Through a teacher-research project, I examined the tensions that emerged while negotiating with the students the curriculum for a Spanish for healthcare professionals course. I explore the tensions related to four emergent themes: studentcentred versus teacher-centred learning, self-efficacy versus laissez faire work ethic, communication versus accuracy, and process versus product orientation. These themes are exemplified and analysed through the presentation of narratives based on the data collected. I present insights gained from this research and suggestions for teachers interested in engaging in curricular negotiation and/or innovation. I Introduction As teachers of foreign language, we have all experienced successes and failures in pedagogical innovations. You lead a discussion in which no one participates, you implement a new textbook that the students dislike, or you try a new activity in which everyone actively participates. This trial and error process is part of being a principled practitioner (Freeman and Freeman, 2001), or one who strives to be at the forefront of curricular innovations in foreign language education. However, labelling innovations as successes or failures creates a dichotomy into which many innovations do not fall. Some innovations may create tensions within the classroom that provide insight into the process of teaching and learning a foreign language itself. I present an analysis of such classroom tensions that occurred while negotiating curriculum in a Spanish for healthcare professionals course (hereon referred to as SHP). Guided by the principles of Exploratory Practice (Allwright, 2003), this descriptive case study (Merriam, 1998) depicts the tensions, both positive and negative, that resulted from curricular innovation.
Use of RNA Interference to Prevent Lethal Murine West Nile Virus Infection

West Nile virus causes fatal encephalitis in humans, mice, and other vertebrates. In the present study, we demonstrate that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibit West Nile virus replication in vitro. Moreover, the administration of siRNAs to mice by hydrodynamic injection 24 h before challenge with an intraperitoneal inoculum of West Nile virus reduced the viral load and afforded partial protection from lethal infection. These data show the efficacy of the prophylactic use of siRNAs against a viral infection in vivo and suggest new strategies to combat West Nile virus.
Ice Age Rhythms

What caused the series of more than 20 ice ages that have come and gone during the past 2 million years of Earth history? On page 860 of this issue, Dorale et al. ( 1 ) reveal a new twist in the most recent ice age cycle and demonstrate once again the rapidity with which large ice sheets can come and go.
Origin of Amphibolites in the Cartersville–Villa Rica Area, Georgia

The Cartersville–Villa Rica amphibolites are of extrusive volcanic origin. Relict amygdaloidal textures are widespread. Pillow structures are well preserved at some localities. Relict porphyritic textures characteristic of volcanic rocks are readily recognized in interlayered gneisses. These rocks are in the upper part of the Ashland group, and probably are correlative with the Ashe Formation of North Carolina and the Mount Rogers volcanic series.
Highly-conducting, poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene)prepared via a soluble precursor polymer

High molecular weight, free-standing films of poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) are readily prepared via a soluble precursor polymer and reach conductivities as high as 62 S cm–1 on doping.
Adsorption kinetics of benzene on graphene: An ultrahigh vacuum study

Experimental data for benzene adsorption on chemical vapor deposited graphene/Cu and graphene/SiO2 studied at ultrahigh vacuum conditions are discussed and compared with prior work on physical vapor deposited graphene/Ru(0001). Two widely considered topics, namely, the transparency of graphene and support effects of epitaxial graphene are investigated. Graphene is nearly transparent for benzene adsorption on both copper and silica supports opposed to Ru(0001). In addition, the desorption energy for benzene on epitaxial graphene depends on the reactivity of the support.
Reinforcing the Rule of Law: What States Can and Should Do to Reduce Illegal Immigration

In the 2007 state legislative session, for the first time ever, legislators in all fifty states introduced bills dealing with illegal immigration. A whopping 1,562 illegal immigration bills were submitted, up from 570 in 2006. Of the bills submitted, 240 were enacted into law, up from 84 in 2006. The vast majority were designed to discourage illegal immigration in one way or another. It has often been said, but seldom demonstrated so clearly: every state is a border state now. It is undeniable that the urge to reduce illegal immigration has become a powerful force in state legislatures across the country. This article analyzes the fact that the single largest factor motivating state governments to enact legislation discouraging illegal immigration is the fiscal burden that it imposes upon the states. It then identifies and addresses eight areas in which states or cities can constitutionally act in the field of immigration. In conclusion, whenever a state has acted it has had an immediate effect on the level of illegal immigration in that state. This progression of state laws is a predictable and positive development in a system in which the federal government has been unable to effectively curtail the influx of illegal aliens for more than two decades.
No difference in pain reduction after epidural steroid injections in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background and Aims: Diabetes affects peripheral and central neurons causing paresthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain. However, the effect of diabetes on response to epidural steroid injection (ESI) remains unknown. We hypothesized that diabetic patients receiving ESI will have different pain scores compared to nondiabetic patients. We tested a secondary hypothesis that pain reduction differs at different levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for patients with diabetes. Material and Methods: Data from 284 consecutive patients given ESIs for radiculopathy were obtained via a manual review of electronic medical records. We initially compared diabetic and nondiabetic groups with respect to balance on baseline demographic and morphometric characteristics. Next, a linear regression model was developed to evaluate the association between existing diabetes and postinjection reduction in pain scores. And finally, we univariably characterized the association between HbA1c and pain reduction. Results: After exclusion of nine patients, 275 patients were analysed, including 55 (20%) who were diabetic. Pain reduction after ESI was comparable in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (Wald test P = 0.61). The degree of pain reduction generally decreased with the level of HbA1c until reaching HbA1c levels of approximately 7.5%, after which point it stayed fairly constant. Conclusion: There was no difference in pain reduction after ESIs comparing diabetic with nondiabetic patients; however, for diabetic patients, pain reduction may decrease with uncontrolled diabetes determined by high HbA1c values, thus suggesting pain physicians to take an active role in guiding their patients to have their blood glucose levels better regulated to improve outcomes of their ESIs.
What is an indirect correlation

(2001). What is an indirect correlation? European Journal of Behavior Analysis: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 56-58.
Relative and Absolute Measurements of the Fast-Neutron Fission Cross Section of Uranium-235

Measurements of the dependence of the 235U fission cross section on neutron energy were carried out in the energy range from 35 keV to 3.5 MeV. Three different techniques were applied to monitor th...
Rapid RNA strand scission following C2'-hydrogen atom abstraction.

C2′-Nucleotide radicals have been proposed as key intermediates in direct strand break formation in RNA exposed to ionizing radiation. Uridin-2′-yl radical (1) was independently generated in single- and double-stranded RNA via photolysis of a ketone precursor. Direct stand breaks result from heterolytic cleavage of the adjacent C3′-carbon–oxygen bond. Trapping of 1 by O2 or β-mercaptoethanol (1 M) does not compete with strand scission, indicating that phosphate elimination is >106 s–1. Uracil loss also does not compete with strand scission. When considered in conjunction with reports that nucleobase radicals produce 1, this chemistry explains why RNA is significantly more susceptible to strand scission by ionizing radiation (hydroxyl radical) than is DNA.
COMPARISON OF THIOL AND SELENOL ESTERS WITH OXY ESTERS IN SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES

Abstract The infrared and 13C nmr spectra of the title compounds are reported in relation to the weights of the various resonance structures that describe the ester in question. The infrared spectra of thiolesters show a somewhat reduced response to change in substituent in Ph[sbnd]CO[sbnd]S(O)[sbnd]Ar than oxyesters, consistent with the view that sulfur does interact with carbonyl, but less so than oxygen. The 13C shieldings for CO of thiol- and selenoesters are similar to ketones, and quite unlike oxyesters. These chemical shifts (corrected for anisotropy effects) lie in the reverse order than expected on the basis of electronegative effects, i.e. 0 < S < Se. However, this order is consistent with the inhibition of charged resonance forms, (i.e. C+ - O−) for oxyesters, in agreement with infrared and chemical reactivity data. In thiol- and in oxyesters, reduced lone pair delocalization into the Ph[sbnd]CO[sbnd]S(O)[sbnd]Ar ring is evident by 13C shieldings, which suggests that both types of compounds hav...
The antigen receptor of thymus-derived lymphocytes: progress in the characterization of an elusive molecule (41488).

AbstractThymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) show remarkable specificity in their capacity to recognize non-self antigens and this recognition must serve as the initial step in the differentiation of immunologically competent T cells into antigen-specific effector cells including helpers, suppressors, and cytotoxic lymphocytes. The problem of determining the molecular nature of the receptor for antigen on these cells is a challenging area of investigation, and considerable insight into the serological and molecular properties of this receptor has recently been obtained using antibodies directed against immunoglobulin combining site regions as probes for the detection and isolation of the T-cell molecules. This review stresses results obtained within the past 3 years and (1) addresses the expression of immunoglobulin variable region determinants on T-cell receptors and factors, (2) presents a serological and molecular comparison of the structure of T-cell antigen-specific regulatory factors with those of r...
Outcomes of patients with brain metastases from melanoma and renal cell carcinoma after primary stereotactic radiosurgery.

tients have traditionally been treated with surgery, palliative whole-brain radiation (WBRT), or both. Surgery, even today, is generally reserved for assessable, symptomatic lesions in patients with a good Karnofsky Performance Score. Recursive partition analysis (RPA), which classifies patients on a scale of I to III based on Karnofsky Performance Score, age, and tumor control, has been used to identify patients that are expected to have the greatest clinical benefit from WBRT. 10,15,40 Although WBRT is the most widely used treatment for these patients, there is a general sense among those treating these patients that melanoma and RCC are considered radioresistant. 6,8,14,18,25,26 Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) performed using either linear accelerator- or gamma knife-based systems can achieve higher radiation doses within the tumor volume and theoretically can increase responses in these radioresistant tumors. Numerous reports have shown effective local control and prolonged patient survival after SRS for these lesions. 1,6,8,16,18,30,33,35,43 Early control of brain metastases is important in these patients, because many of them also have extracranial metastases. We hypothesized that early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of brain metastases with SRS in these patients could spare many patients WBRT. In addition, it seemed likely that this would permit early systemic therapy. The ultimate goal was to achieve improvement in survival rates. We report our experience with using SRS as a primary treatment modality in patients with RCC and melanoma brain metastasis.
Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive than mammography for detecting breast cancer in high-risk women

Source Citation Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:427-...
A Patient with a Large Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid and Nodal Metastases

A patient presented with a large thyroid nodule that was eventually diagnosed as a Hurthle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma. The case is unusual in its presentation with locoregional lymph node metastases, generally thought to be characteristic of papillary thyroid carcinoma but not follicular thyroid carcinoma. The patient illustrates the typical presentation of Hurthle cell carcinoma, in that he was of advanced age and the nodule lacked calcification on ultrasonography and was relatively large. The case illustrates the difficulty in differential diagnosis based upon cytology alone and the need for aggressive initial management with surgery and radioiodine when there is pathologic evidence of a highly invasive nature of the tumor. Unfortunately, many of these tumors are either radioiodine uptake negative or radioresistant, and other modalities of therapy are often required.
Contact Extensions Over a High- $k$ Dielectric Layer for Surface Field Mitigation in High Power 4H–SiC Photoconductive Switches

We focus on a simulation study to probe the mitigation of electric fields, especially at the edges of metal contacts to SiC-based photoconductive switches. Field reduction becomes germane given that field-induced failures near contacts have been reported. A dual strategy of extending metal contacts to effectively spread the electric field over a larger distance and to employ HfO2 as a high- ${k}$ dielectric, is discussed. Simulation results show that peak electric fields can be lowered by up to $\sim 67$ % relative to a standard design. Finally, our calculations predict that the internal temperature rise for a $\sim 7$ -ns laser pulse and applied voltages around 20 kV (typical experimental values) would also be effectively controlled.
Boys Get the Cervical Cancer Virus? Understanding How Parents of Boys Feel About the HPV Vaccine

Goal: The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to several cancers in men and women (Markowitz, 2007). The vaccine was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006 and was marketed as a vaccine for girls aged 9 to 26 to fight against cervical cancer. In 2009, the FDA with guidance from the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices approved the vaccine for boys as well (FDA, 2010). Both vaccines are now recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control for adolescent males and females (CDC, 2015). The U.S. Health and Human Services “Healthy People 2020” campaign has a goal of 80 percent uptake of three doses of the HPV vaccine for girls and boys by the year 2020. However, vaccine rates are low – only 38 percent of females and 14 percent of males receive all three doses of the HPV vaccine (Stokely et al, 2014). The results of this study will help guide campaigns to increase the uptake of this anti-cancer vaccine to meet this ambitious goal. Much of the existing literature looks at parental attitudes toward daughters receiving the vaccine. The purpose of this study is to understand parental attitudes toward the vaccine for sons that are potential barriers to vaccination. Theoretical framework/theories used: For this research, we used the Health Belief Model and the Social Learning Therapy.Research question: Do parents of male children have the same interests and concerns about the HPV vaccine as to the parents of female children?Method: Thomas and colleagues (2013) created a nurse-led survey instrument to gauge parental attitudes, primarily of parents of females, toward the vaccine. For this study, the survey instrument has been altered to specifically focus on parents of boys aged 18 and younger and their knowledge and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for their sons. Open ended-questions also collected qualitative data that was analyzed. Results: A total of 252 surveys were initiated and 185 surveys were ultimately completed. The results show that generally parents are supportive of the HPV vaccine. Thirty-two percent of respondents said their sons had already received the HPV and 60 percent of parents said they would have their sons vaccinated for the vaccine, even if it is not required by a school mandate. Overall, parents of boys still have a lot to learn about HPV and how it is spread. Only 26 percent of respondents correctly recognized that condoms are not effective at stopping the spread of HPV while 26 percent also believed that a person with HPV is unable to have children. That said, they did correctly identify that HPV is related to cancer. Eighty-five percent of respondents correctly identified that HPV can cause cervical and anal cancers in women. Forty-nine percent of respondents correctly identified that HPV leads to penile, anal and testicular cancers. However, more telling is that 45 percent of respondents are unsure if HPV leads to those cancers in men.
Civil Engineering in Health Care Systems

This paper examines the changing characteristics of health care systems and their impact on health care facilities. It presents the significance of such changes, and the opportunities and challenges to those in the civil engineering profession who are engaged in the planning, design, and construction of health care facilities. It points out the effects of the operation and management of health care systems on, e.g. the planning, design, and construction of hospitals, health centers, and vice versa.
APPLICATION OF COMPLETELY COMPUTER-CONTROLLED SPRAY SYSTEMS TO INCREASE THE QUALITY OF LOW PRESSURE PLASMA SPRAYED COATINGS

The main factors influencing coating quality during vacuum plasma spraying are discussed. These factors are: Characteristics of powders, plasma-particle interactions, momentum and heat transfer, metallurgical interactions and the influence of the substrate. To get coatings of a high quality all parameters have to be controlled during spraying. A method of complete computerized process control is described in the paper.
Psychopathic Personality Traits as Protective Factors against the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Sample of National Guard Combat Veterans

Military personnel often experience post-traumatic stress symptoms following exposure to combat. Personality traits have been identified as possible protective and risk factors in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and examination of the association between PTSD and personality characteristics provides further insight into this heterogeneous disorder. Psychopathy, frequently conceptualized as collection of pathological personality disturbances relating to deficits in emotionality, empathy, and inhibitory control, includes within its defining features components that may be adaptive in certain situations. In the current study, we sought to expand upon the literature related to personality and PTSD by exploring psychopathic traits as resiliency factors in a military sample. Specifically, facets of psychopathy were analyzed as moderators of the association between combat experience and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder within a sample of 292 combat-exposed National Guard and Reserve (NGR) service members. Results indicated that the relationship of combat exposure with PTSD decreased as rates of interpersonal-affective psychopathic traits increased. Impulsive-antisocial traits were also found to moderate the association between combat experience and PTSD, though interestingly there was a similar decrease in magnitude with higher levels of these traits. These findings suggest that particular components of psychopathy may serve as protective factors against the development of PTSD symptomatology within this population.
Mechanism of Acylative Oxidation-Reduction-Condensation Reactions Using Benzoisothiazolones as Oxidant and Triethylphosphite as Stoichiometric Reductant.

We previously described a new organocatalytic oxidation–reduction–condensation for amide/peptide construction. The reaction system relies on triethylphosphite as the stoichiometric reductant and organocatalytic benzoisothiazolone/O2 in air as the oxidant. The reaction was assumed to generate catalytic quantities of S-acylthiosalicylamides as electrophiles, which are rapidly intercepted by amine reactants to generate amides/peptides and o-mercaptobenzamides. The latter are then gently reoxidized to the benzoisothiazolones under Cu-catalyzed aerobic conditions to complete the catalytic cycle. To gain a mechanistic understanding, we describe herein our studies of the stoichiometric generation of S-acylthiosalicylamides under oxidation–reduction–condensation conditions from a variety of benzoisothiazolones and carboxylic acids using triethylphosphite as the terminal reductant. These studies have revealed the presence of more than one reaction pathway when benzoisothiazolones react with triethylphosphite (incl...
ULTRASONIC NDE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TEXTILE COMPOSITES

Composite materials represent the future of the defense, transportation and civil construction industries. These materials have been used extensively in recent years on applications varying from tennis rackets to re-entry vehicles. Modern applications are requiring more complex geometries, and more large scale unitized composite structures. These applications are presently not feasible due to the high manufacturing cost and two-dimensional nature of conventional composite materials.
Preparing Teachers’ to Raise Students’ Mathematics Learning

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the ORIGO Stepping Stones program in a large suburban school district in the Midwestern U.S.. The sample included 11 elementary schools that implemented the program during the 2013–2016 school years. Findings are presented from teacher surveys, classroom observations, and analysis of standardized student mathematics achievement scores on the Northwest Evaluation Association Measurement of Academic Progress (NWEA MAP). Using multilevel models, the program did not demonstrate a detectably larger effect on mathematics achievement than the comparison. Classroom observations and views of teachers that support program implementation were explored. In terms of fidelity of implementation, findings suggested that the program was delivered differently from how it was intended. With respect to researchers and policymakers, the approach used to evaluating mathematics program effectiveness is informative and could be used as part of larger accountability systems.
In Conversation with Sindre Bangstad About the Anthropology of Politics, Neoliberalism and Satire. Conducted via E-Mail Correspondence, November/December 2016

Professor Angelique Haugerud at Rutgers University is not only known for her outstanding work in the anthropology of politics , satire, development, and neoliberalism , but also as a former editor of American Ethnologist (AE). In this conversation with Sindre Bangstad, Haugerud reflects on her early work on development and politics in Kenya in the late 1970s and early 1980s, ﻿her continuing research in that country,﻿ and her recent work on satirical activism against corporate power in the USA .
Abstract 5494: Hypoxia via HIF1alpha can regulate Wnt signaling in human colon cancer cells

Standard-of-care treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer combines chemotherapy with bevacizumab, an angiogenesis inhibitor that depletes nutrients and triggers hypoxia. Unfortunately, this strategy extends patient survival only a few months because tumors acquire adaptive resistance, enabling resumption of angiogenesis. Adaptive resistance arises from reprogrammed metabolism, but the regulatory networks that govern reprogramming are not defined. Our studies have shown that overactive Wnt signaling, which is the most common cause of colon cancer, programs cancer metabolism by promoting glycolysis and angiogenesis. Interestingly, metabolic genes targeted by Wnt are also regulated by the hypoxia transcription factor HIF1alpha suggesting there may be crosstalk between the two pathways. Several studies suggest that HIF1alpha can influence Wnt signaling, but the reported effects are variable ranging from positive to negative. We find that HIF1alpha and LEF/TCF/beta-catenin complexes co-regulate metabolic targets including LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) expression. Using luciferase reporters driven by LEF/TCF promoters, we observe significantly increased LEF1/TCF1 but not TCF3(TCF7L1)/TCF4(TCF7L2) promoter activity in hypoxic colon cancer cells. We identified putative hypoxia responsive elements (HREs) in the human LEF1 promoter and deletion of these HREs reduced responsiveness to hypoxia. Furthermore, when colon cancer cells were treated with inhibitors that either inactivate or reduce HIF1alpha protein, there was a significant decrease in Wnt reporter activity. These results suggest that hypoxia and the Wnt pathway crosstalk wherein hypoxia co-regulates metabolism genes and increases Wnt signaling capacity via LEF/TCF expression. Current studies are underway to investigate the mechanisms of crosstalk and joint regulation of metabolic gene programs during adaptive resistance. Citation Format: Yung Lyou, Amber Habowski, Stephanie Sprowl-Tanio, Kira Pate, George Chen, Marian L. Waterman. Hypoxia via HIF1alpha can regulate Wnt signaling in human colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5494. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5494
Substrate responses to submaximal exercise in the midfollicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

This study examined substrate metabolism responses of eumenorrheic women to different intensities of submaximai exercise at the midfollicular (MF) and the midluteal (ML) phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine women performed a 30-min treadmill run in which the exercise intensity was made more difficult every 10 min (35%, 60%, and 75%). Carbohydrate (CHO) utilization and oxidation rates for the 35% and 60% intensities during the ML session were significantly lower than during the comparable intensities in the MF. Conversely, lipid utilization and oxidation were significantly greater during the 35% and 60% ML session than in the MF session. At 75%, however, the ML and MF CHO-lipid utilization and oxidation rates were not significantly different from one another. Thus, the phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women does influence metabolic substrate usage during low- to moderate-intensity submaximai exercise, probably due to changes in the endogenous levels of the female sex hormones.
Gain Realized in Life Should Not Disappear by a Step-Up in Basis

The Article argues that amounts realized in life should not disappear because of step-up in basis at death, even when Congress has enacted nonrecognition provisions that allow the tax to be deferred. The proposal is the third of three Shelf Projects designed go prune back the basis step-up under section 1014.
Terahertz travelling wave amplifier design using Ballistic Deflection Transistor

In this paper, we present a Terahertz (THz) Travelling-Wave-Amplifier (TWA) design using a Ballistic Deflection Transistor (BDT). The BDT is an emerging functional device based on InGaAs/InAlAs/InP, which can operate at THz frequencies. A transistor model is proposed, based on data provided by Monte Carlo simulation. We have developed a new nearly lossless THz transmission line (0.46dB/mm over 0.8–1.5THz simulated in ANSYS HFSS), called Parallel Plate Dielectric Waveguide with Signal line (PPDWS), and we are able to design a 24-stage BDT TWA with an ADS simulated gain over 10dB at 1–1.5THz. This THz BDT amplifier design opens up new possibilities by increasing the speed by 100 times compared to existing technologies.
Howling Wolves: Active Experiential Learning in Event Management

Active learning is described as educational exercises that involve students completing an activity and then reflecting on that activity. This type of learning is ideal for many recreation, parks, a...
A chemotactic inhibitor produced by blast cells and present in the serum of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A chemotactic factor inhibitor (CFI) was found in the serum of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The factor was characterized as heat-labile, with activity against complement-dependent chemotactic factors and against the chemotactic factor produced by Escherichia coli. Normal sera and sera from other patients with acute leukemia also demonstrate heat-labile inhibitory activity against complement- dependent chemotactic factors but not against the E. coli-derived chemotactic factor. Supernatants from cultured lymphoblasts of the patient also possessed CFI activity similar in character to that found in his serum. It is suggested that in vivo the lymphoblasts were responsible for the chemotactic defect observed in his serum, presumably by manufacturing and releasing a chemotactic factor inactivator.
Drosselung mit Zwischendampfentnahme

Das von Seagers Ltd.1) in Vorschlag gebrachte Verfahren (Multiple Effect Compression) andert den gewohnlichen Kreislauf dadurch, das zwei Regulierventile hintereinander angewendet werden, zwischen welchen ein Abscheider eingeschaltet ist. Im ersten Ventil wird zunachst nur auf einen Zwischendruck p 0 gedrosselt (Linie BG 0, Abb. 26); der noch flussige Teil des Kaltemittels geht allein. durch das zweite Ventil (Linie EF) und kommt dort auf den Verdampfer-druck. Das beim Zwischendruck entstandene Dampfgewicht xG wird am Ende des Saughubes durch Schlitze in den Zylinder gelassen, so das der Druck p2 plotzlich auf den Zwischendruck p0 ansteigt, wie dies am abgenommenen Indikatordiagramm (Abb. 27) ersichtlich ist.
OR54 : EFFECTS OF KIR 3DL1 AND HLA-Bw4 MISCLASSIFICATION ON DONOR SELECTION FOR NATURAL KILLER CELL THERAPY

Aim Donor selection for natural killer cell (NK) therapy includes evaluating the recipient for HLA specificities and donors for NK killer immunoglobulin- like receptors (KIR). NK cells with KIR 3DL1 can be inhibited by HLA containing the Bw4 epitope. Misclassification of recipient Bw4 and donor KIR 3DL1 can occur if only recipient HLA-B and only presence or absence of a donor KIR 3DL1 gene is considered. The aim of this study is to estimate the frequencies of these two misclassifications. Methods Both patient HLA typing and donor KIR testing were approved as part of specific transplantation protocols by the IRB of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Patient HLA typing was performed by HLA locus sequencing, using Abbott Molecular sequencing reagents and Conexio analysis software. Donor KIR genotyping was performed by Olerup sequence-specific primer kits for 98 potential parental NK donors. HLA-A and B locus Bw4 epitopes were counted for 100 consecutive patients. Results KIR3DL1*004 is a non-expressed allele of 3DL1. Recent KIR genotyping of donors demonstrated that 93/98 of tested individuals were positive for 3DL1. However, 26 of those 93 (28%) individuals positive for 3DL1 are positive for 3DL1*004. 3DS1 and 3DL1 are alleles of the same locus. KIR genotyping does not discriminate whether or not 3DL1*004 is present by itself or along with an expressed allele of 3DL1 on the second haplotype. Since everyone inherits two haplotypes, the presence of KIR 3DL1*004 with 3DS1 indicates that there is no expressed 3DL1. 8/26 (31%) of our tested group are positive for both 3DL1*004 and 3DS1 and would express no 3DL1. The remaining individuals positive for KIR3DL1*004 without 3DS1 may or may not express another allele of 3DL1. This determination of expressed 3DL1 can only be made by expression testing, such as flow cytometry. Of 36/100 patients who were HLA-B Bw6 homozygotes, 13/36 (36%) were positive for a Bw4 expressing HLA-A locus allele, such as HLA-A*24, 23 or 32. In Asian populations this percentage may be higher due to a higher frequency of HLA-A*24 than in other populations. Conclusion These results emphasize the effect of potential misclassifi-cation for donor selection for NK therapy based only on the HLA-B alleles or the gene presence of KIR3DL1. E. Turner: Employee; Company/Organization; St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. W.H. Leung: Employee; Company/Organization; St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
Introduction: The American Higher Education Problem

If Winston Churchill was alive and summarizing American higher education today, he might say “Never have so many spent so much for so long learning so little.” American higher education is increasingly expensive, with the typical student receiving undetermined, but probably not overly large, amounts of learning over long time periods. Yet there is a certain bi-polarity to discussions of the higher education enterprise in America. American university presidents and their trade association leaders are continually proclaiming that “the American system of higher education is the best in the world,” and they cite high rankings of prestigious U.S. schools in worldwide league tables (to use the British term) calculated by college ranking organizations in Shanghai and London. Sure, American colleges are expensive, but quality is always expensive, and the fact that private firms competing in labor markets for workers pay large premiums for college graduates is pretty conclusive evidence that American universities add enormously to our stock of human capital and promote economic growth, or so many university leaders argue.
A Case of Acute Traumatic Lumbar Paraspinal Compartment Syndrome.

Abstract Background Compartment syndrome is a life-threatening complication of traumatic injury, most commonly, direct trauma. Back pain is a common cause of visits to the emergency department (ED) and often is treated without imaging or diagnostic testing. Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is a rare cause of acute back pain. Case Report A 43-year-old woman presented to the ED after direct trauma to the lower back. Laboratory studies revealed rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury, with examination findings and imaging consistent with lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome. She was taken to the operating room for emergent fasciotomy. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? It is the job of the emergency physician to identify the red flags in history and physical examination that warrant further diagnostic testing. Early diagnosis and surgical consultation is the key in avoiding morbidity and achieving good outcomes in all forms of compartment syndrome.
Thin-film semiconductors—From exploration to application

This article reviews a grounding in thin-film science and technology, an interest in combining materials science with applied physics and electrical engineering, and the active pursuit of collaborations with experts in other disciplines. That basis has enabled participation in the beginnings of integrated-circuit technology, the invention of new solar cells, the understanding of hydrogenated amorphous silicon for solar cells and thin-film transistors, the development of the principles of flexible, conformable, and stretchable electronics, and the devising and demonstration of large-area electronic systems.
The role of the lipid matrix in the biosynthesis of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharides.

The enzymes in the dolichol pathway are membrane-proteins that utilize a combination of hydrophilic and extremely hydrophobic substrates. The enzymes in this pathway that have been purified and characterized to any extent have either been shown to be stabilized by mixed phospholipid/detergent micelles, or else require a lipid matrix for catalytic activity. Further understanding of the mechanisms of these essential enzymes may require developing methods for the reconstitution of the glycosyltransferases and their hydrophobic substrates in appropriate lipid matrices. Abbreviations: CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; Dol, dolichol; DAG, diacylglycerol; DOPC, dioleolylphosphatidylcholine; DOPE, dioleolyphosphatidylethanolamine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol
Lisa H. Sideris, Consecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World

Lisa H. Sideris, Consecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), xi + 300 pp., $34.95 (pbk), ISBN: 9780520294998.
SYSTEMIC EMBOLIZATION OF METAPLASTIC BREAST CANCER THROUGH PULMONARY VEIN

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare histologic variant composed of poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma, sarcomatous, and epithelial cells. A 62 year old female with MBC diagnosed June 2016 status post mastectomy, admitted one year later for fevers, chills and leukocytosis. Serial
Sequencing Daily Patient Workload for an Ancillary Service Provider

Ancillary service providers (ASPs) on an inpatient unit (IU), such as social workers, care managers, and physical and occupational therapists, play crucial roles in the inpatient discharge process. However, on a typical day, these ASPs must balance the needs of newly arriving, recurring, and outgoing patients (discharges). While prioritizing the discharges is shown to improve the hospital patient flow and bed utilization, the needs of the other patients cannot be neglected. We examine whether patient sequencing strategies for these ASPs can be found that maintain patient care and optimize patient flow. We approach this ASP workload sequencing problem by proposing a stochastic optimization model and developing a simulated annealing algorithm to derive sequencing strategies that are easy to implement and promising to all scenarios. Our experimental results suggest that patients with pressing constraints should be prioritized over discharges, with discharges then prioritized over other patients. As the complexity of the workload increases (a large number of patients and/or a high percentage of discharges), the focus should shift more towards discharges. We further evaluate the performance of our derived strategies against simpler realistic ASP sequencing strategies and classical machine scheduling rules. Our strategies consistently perform well on deviation from the optimal upstream boarding time and always ensure that patient constraints are met; other simpler strategies can outperform ours only at the cost of increases in cutoff and due-date violations. This paper reveals the importance of a systemic view (inpatient and upstream) on the part of the ASP when prioritizing patients in an IU.
Heads of State and Other Government Officials Before the International Criminal Court: The Uneasy Revolution Continues

This essay takes up the current debate about the relationship between Article 27 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and Article 98 of the Statute concerning the immunity of sitting Heads of State from investigation or prosecution before the Court and the duty of States to cooperate with the Court as regards their arrest and surrender. The essay traces the history of Article 27 and its incorporation into the Statute and observes that it represents a rule of customary international law resting upon the adoption of the Nuremberg Principles after World War II, and reiterated in the Statutes of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals, that was included in the Rome Statute during its negotiation without comment or controversy. Now that the Court has become operational, current efforts to limit Article 27’s application using Article 98 of the Statute – first advanced by the United States and subsequently by member states of the African Union – represent an effort to change that custom by once more cloaking Heads of State with immunity, the same rule that protected Kaiser Wilhelm one hundred years ago. While States could arguably change customary international law by again proposing that high-ranking individuals are immune from prosecution before international courts and tribunals, and presumably amending the Rome Statute to so provide, the essay argues that the Court’s judges do not have this power. It also suggests that the jus cogens status of the norms embedded in the ICC Statute, including the individual criminal responsibility of high-ranking individuals, indicates that an effort to change this norm, even by States, could violate other peremptory norms of international criminal law. Moreover, given the long tenure of many of the leaders arguing in favor of this new rule, and the current tendencies of today’s heads of state to insist upon life tenure, such a change, even if lawful, would be tantamount to a grant of permanent immunity for the individuals thus protected. The essay thus proposes a return to “first principles” of international criminal law, which permit the investigation, arrest, surrender and trial of high-ranking government leaders to international courts, even during their tenure in office, assuming those courts and tribunals are exercising jurisdiction properly.
BOREAS Regional DEM in Raster Format and AEAC Projection

This data set is based on the GTOPO30 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) produced by the United States Geological Survey EROS Data Center (USGS EDC). The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) region (1,000 km x 1000 km) was extracted from the GTOPO30 data and reprojected by BOREAS staff into the Albers Equal-Area Conic (AEAC) projection. The pixel size of these data is 1 km. The data are stored in binary, image format files.
Rice-based ash in concrete: A review of past work and potential environmental sustainability

Abstract The demand for concrete continues to grow with increases in population and increased urbanization. This demand, in turn, increases the need to reduce the environmental impacts of concrete while continuing to provide the same or better performance. Increasing population also creates growing demand for food and energy resources. The cultivation of rice, the staple food of over half the world's inhabitants, results in the production of additional biomass. Rice biomass, such as hulls and straw, can be combusted as a renewable energy source and, under specific combustion conditions, the resulting ash can be used as a supplementary cementitious material or beneficial filler in the production of concrete, which can potentially lead to reduced environmental impacts in concrete. This paper reviews rice-based ash and its influence on concrete properties to address current understanding of these ashes as an alternative mineral admixture. The review of the literature shows that under proper combustion conditions as well as through use of pre- and post-combustion treatments, highly pozzolanic (reactive) ash can be produced from rice hulls. These reactive ashes have the ability to improve several properties of concrete when used as a partial replacement for cement. Additionally, the production of rice-based ash can offer a lower greenhouse gas emitting pozzolan than portland cement and some conventional supplementary cementitious materials. Further research into the utilization of rice-straw ash, durability properties, and high performance concrete could lead to the production of rice ash as a cost- and environmentally-competitive alternative in the production of concrete.
The fate of stable cemented acetabular components retained during revision of a femoral component of a total hip arthroplasty.

Background: The decision as to whether to revise or retain a well fixed cemented acetabular component during revision of a femoral component is especially difficult; the rate of loosening of cemented acetabular components is high, whereas that of porous-coated acetabular components inserted during revision is low. However, removal of a well fixed cemented acetabular component can result in increased operative morbidity and cost and in loss of acetabular bone. Data that can be used to predict the long-term survival of retained well fixed cemented acetabular components are therefore needed. Methods: We studied the five to thirteen-year clinical and radiographic results in a group of twenty-six consecutive patients in whom a well fixed cemented acetabular component had been retained during revision of a femoral component. Typical demographic data on the patients and information about the components were recorded, and the cemented acetabular components were graded as A through F, according to the system of Ranawat et al., at the time of the femoral revision. The average duration of follow-up was 8.4 years (range, 5.0 to 12.7 years). No patient was lost to follow-up. Results: Four acetabular components (15 percent) had progressive radiolucency (at forty-eight, forty-eight, fifty-nine, and seventy-five months after the femoral revision) and were considered radiographically loose despite not being associated with symptoms. All four components were graded as either E or F at the time that they were retained during the femoral revision; radiographic loosening was significantly related to these two grades (p < 0.01). No acetabular component with a grade of A, B, C, or D loosened. The components that loosened had been in vivo for a relatively shorter, as opposed to longer, duration before the femoral revision compared with the components that did not loosen (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Retention of the well fixed cemented acetabular components was associated with good clinical results but with a 15 percent rate of loosening. Revision of a cemented acetabular component solely on the basis of the duration that it was in vivo or whether a previous revision had been done does not appear to be warranted. Our findings suggest that acetabular components with a grade of A, B, C, or D at the time of a femoral revision may be retained, as these components continued to function at the time of the five to thirteen-year follow-up in the current study.
Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy of a fs-laser-induced plasma inside glass using a super-continuum probe beam

The light–energy coupling during femtosecond laser processing of glass is mediated by non-linear ionization mechanisms through the formation of an electron plasma. Its transient optical properties provide information about the density, temperature and scattering rate of the excited electrons. In turn, these properties strongly condition the features and size of the permanent optical modification near the focal volume that are desirable to fabricate photonic devices, such as optical waveguides inside transparent materials. Here, we report on the spectral response of a fs-laser-induced electron plasma inside fused silica by measuring its transient transmission using a broadband probe. We model the interaction of the probe beam with the plasma by combining Drude–Sommerfeld model with Gaussian optics. In this manner, we take into account both the laser–plasma interaction and the influence of the chromatic aberration inherent to a broadband-based system. We find good agreement between experiments at several processing energies and simulations and provide an estimate of the dielectric function of the excited material.