cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inter-local Relations and Divergent Growth: The Detroit and Tokai Auto Regions, 1969 to 1996

: Drawing on scholarly literature, descriptive data, and 142 face-to-face interviews with non-elected local officials, this article examines the relationship among political-economic context, inter-municipal relations, and spatial outcomes in the primary auto regions of the US (Detroit) and Japan (Tokai) between 1969 and 1996. It maintains that Detroit's embedded context promoted inter-municipal relations that can best be termed competitive separatism and apathetic avoidance. It then chronicles how such inter-local relations severely exacerbated existing conditions of uneven development in the region over the past 30 years. Conversely, it demonstrates how Tokai's context encouraged lateral interdependence among communities in its region. It then reveals how inter-local collaboration played a critical role in the relatively balanced metropolitan growth that came to exist there during this time period. It concludes by stating that inter-municipal relations have played a more vital role in metropolitan development than previously has been described in the scholarly literature.
Urinary Findings in Renal Light Chain–Derived Amyloidosis and Light Chain Deposition Disease

Abstract Background Early recognition of light chain—derived (AL) amyloidosis and light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is essential for optimal therapy. However, clinical and laboratory manifestations of these unusual conditions often go unrecognized. Renal protein deposits in AL amyloidosis and LCDD can cause both heavy albuminuria and Bence Jones proteinuria. Absent separate etiologies, this combined finding is rare and provides a clue to the diagnosis of these conditions. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed test results of urine immunoelectrophoreses and urine immunofixation electrophoreses performed at a single institution from 1977 to 2006. Patients with both heavy albuminuria and Bence Jones proteinuria were investigated further to determine whether these findings were predictive of renal AL amyloidosis or LCDD. We reviewed the patients' clinical histories, laboratory data, and pathology reports and included patients with biopsy-confirmed renal AL amyloidosis or LCDD in this series. Results We identified 6 patients with renal amyloidosis or LCDD who presented with the dual findings of Bence Jones proteinuria and heavy albuminuria. We report their demographic information, laboratory data, and case histories. Conclusion The simultaneous presence of heavy albuminuria and Bence Jones proteinuria justifies a workup for AL amyloidosis or LCDD. Prompt recognition of these rare conditions would permit earlier initiation of therapy and potentially limit organ dysfunction. In addition, patients might be spared unnecessary clinical investigation and unwarranted treatment.
Fixation time does not affect expression of HER2/neu: a pilot study.

It is said that HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemical analysis varies with the time of fixation. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the impact of the length of fixation in 10% buffered formalin on the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical analysis. We studied tissue samples from 10 invasive breast cancer cases after fixation for 3, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The tissue was processed immediately after fixation, resembling routine practice. The 50 resulting blocks were then batch stained with PATHWAY HER2/ neu clone 4B5 rabbit monoclonal antibody using the Ventana Ultraview DAB detection kit in a Ventana BenchMark XT processor (Ventana, Tucson, AZ). The stained slides were reviewed and scored. We found no significant difference in the intensity of the stain or the percentage of cells stained regardless of the time in fixation. Fixation times between 3 and 120 hours in 10% buffered formalin do not appear to have an impact on the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical analysis.
Astrophysics: Broad-brush cosmos

An innovative way of mapping the large-scale structure in the Universe sidesteps the need to observe millions of galaxies individually. The approach holds promise for both astrophysical and cosmological studies.
A note on overemployment/underemployment in labor contracts under asymmetric information

Abstract Models of labor contracts under asymmetric information may predict either overemployment or underemployment. This paper shows that this result depends crucially on whether or not leisure is a normal good if firms are risk neutral.
Expression of two mRNAs encoding EGF-related proteins identifies subregions of sea urchin embryonic ectoderm

Abstract Many proteins containing domains related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) function in intercellular interactions that mediate specification of cell fate. We have used in situ hybridization to show that the expression of two EGF-related genes (SpEGF I and SpEGF II) is restricted to the same subset of ectodermal cells in sea urchin pluteus larvae. However, the concentration of EGF I mRNA in different epithelial cells of aboral ectoderm and postoral facial epithelium is constant while that of EGF II mRNA is highly modulated. RNase protection assays show that both genes are activated during the period when ectoderm founder cells are established, i.e., between fourth and fifth and between fifth and sixth cleavages for EGF I and EGF II, respectively. By mesenchyme blastula stage EGF I mRNA reaches maximum abundance (800–1000 copies/expressing cell) as a result of a high transcription rate, while EGF II mRNA peaks at about half that concentration by gastrula stage. EGF I expression begins at early stages of oogenesis while EGF II expression appears to be confined to embryogenesis.
The mass spectra of some methyl norbornyl chlorides

The mass spectra of exo-2-norbornyl chloride, 1- and 2-methyl exo-2-norbornyl, exo-camphenilyl, apoisobornyl, bornyl and isobornyl chloride, and camphene hydrochloride, α- and β-fenchyl chloride and fenchene hydrochloride, and exo-isofenchyl chloride and 2,5,5-trimethyl exo-2-norbornylchloride, and camphene and α-fenchene have been examined at 12 to 16 and 80° eV and at 30 to 49 and 80°, or higher temperatures. Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements occur very readily in the ion source and compounds related by these rearrangements give very similar fragmentation patterns. Thermal decompositions are important with the tertiary chlorides especially at higher source temperatures. The rates of methanolysis of some of these chlorides were measured.
β2-Microglobulin-Dependent Bacterial Clearance and Survival during Murine Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of both community-acquired and nosocomial gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. A significant clinical complication of Klebsiella pulmonary infections is peripheral blood dissemination, resulting in a systemic infection concurrent with the localized pulmonary infection. We report here on the critical importance of beta(2)-microglobulin expression during murine K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Beta(2)-microglobulin knockout mice displayed significantly increased mortality upon intravenous inoculation that correlated with increased bacterial burden in the blood, liver, and spleen. As beta(2)-microglobulin knockout mice lack both CD8(+) T cells and invariant NK T cells, mouse models specifically deficient in either cell population were examined to see if this would account for the increased mortality noted in beta(2)-microglobulin knockout mice. Surprisingly, neither CD8 T-cell-deficient (TAP-1 knockout; in vivo anti-CD8 antibody treatment) nor invariant NK (iNK) T-cell-deficient (CD1d knockout, J alpha281 knockout) mice were more susceptible to K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Combined, these studies clearly indicate the importance of a beta(2)-microglobulin-dependent but CD8 T-cell- and iNK T-cell-independent mechanism critical for survival during K. pneumoniae bacteremia.
Detecting Subdimensional Motifs: An Efficient Algorithm for Generalized Multivariate Pattern Discovery

Discovering recurring patterns in time series data is a fundamental problem for temporal data mining. This paper addresses the problem of locating subdimensional motifs in real-valued, multivariate time series, which requires the simultaneous discovery of sets of recurring patterns along with the corresponding relevant dimensions. While many approaches to motif discovery have been developed, most are restricted to categorical data, univariate time series, or multivariate data in which the temporal patterns span all of the dimensions. In this paper, we present an expected linear-time algorithm that addresses a generalization of multivariate pattern discovery in which each motif may span only a subset of the dimensions. To validate our algorithm, we discuss its theoretical properties and empirically evaluate it using several data sets including synthetic data and motion capture data collected by an on-body iner- tial sensor.
Characterization and verification of ACAM slit functions for trace gas retrievals during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ flight campaign

Abstract. The Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM), an ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectrometer, has been flown on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaigns to provide remote sensing observations of tropospheric and boundary-layer pollutants from its radiance measurements. To assure the trace-gas retrieval from ACAM measurements we perform detailed characterization and verification of ACAM slit functions. The wavelengths and slit functions of ACAM measurements are characterized for the air-quality channel (~304–500 nm) through cross-correlation with a high-resolution solar irradiance reference spectrum after necessarily accounting for atmospheric gas absorption and the ring effect in the calibration process. The derived slit functions, assuming a hybrid combination of asymmetric Gaussian and top-hat slit functions, agree very well with the laboratory-measured slit functions. Comparisons of trace-gas retrievals between using derived and measured slit functions demonstrate that the cross-correlation technique can be reliably used to characterize slit functions for trace-gas retrievals.
Valproic acid doses, concentrations, and clearances in elderly nursing home residents

Abstract VPA daily dose and total VPA concentrations for 146 elderly (≥65 years) nursing home residents collected from June 1998 to December 2000 in homes located throughout the United States are presented. Average age was 78.5±8.0 years old. The mean VPA daily dose was 16.2±11.2mg/kg and mean total VPA concentration was 48.5±24.8mg/L. The majority (56.2%) of the VPA residents are being maintained at total VPA levels p =0.003) and total VPA concentration (56.4±25.8, 47.7±22.6, and 38.7±23.1mg/kg/day; p =0.003) decreased by age groups (65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). Daily dose and total VPA concentration were not different in residents receiving inhibitory or inducing co-medications, between men and women, or by albumin level. Total VPA clearance was similar between men and women, among age groups, or according to inducing or inhibiting co-medications.
Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heat-stressed humans.

Whole body heating decreases central venous pressure (CVP) while increasing muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). In normothermia, similar decreases in CVP elevate MSNA, presumably via cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading. The purpose of this project was to identify whether increases in MSNA during whole body heating could be attributed to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading coincident with the thermal challenge. Seven subjects were exposed to whole body heating while sublingual temperature, skin blood flow, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and MSNA were monitored. During the heat stress, 15 ml/kg warmed saline was infused intravenously over 7-10 min to increase CVP and load the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. We reported previously that this amount of saline was sufficient to return CVP to pre-heat stress levels. Whole body heating increased MSNA from 25 +/- 3 to 39 +/- 3 bursts/min (P 0.05 relative to heat stress period) and did not alter mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) or pulse pressure. To identify whether arterial baroreceptor loading decreases MSNA during heat stress, in a separate protocol MAP was elevated via steady-state infusion of phenylephrine during whole body heating. Increasing MAP from 82 +/- 3 to 93 +/- 4 mmHg (P < 0.05) caused MSNA to decrease from 36 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 4 bursts/min (P < 0.05). These data suggest that cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading during passive heating is not the primary mechanism resulting in elevations in MSNA. Moreover, arterial baroreceptors remain capable of modulating MSNA during heat stress.
The Structural Organization of Sperm Chromatin

The packaging of the male haploid genome within the differentiating spermatid nucleus is facilitated by small basic nuclear proteins called protamines. Although the majority of the DNA in human sperm chromatin is bound by these proteins, a small percentage retains a nucleosomal-like component. These histone-enriched regions may possess enhanced nuclease sensitivity and have been postulated to designate certain genes involved in early embryogenesis. We have shown previously that the chromatin domain containing the two human protamines PRM1 and PRM2 and the transition protein TNP2 forms a DNase I-sensitive conformation in pachytene spermatocytes, a requisite event prior to the haploid expression of its members in round spermatids (Kramer, J. A, McCarrey, J., Djakiew, D., and Krawetz, S. A. (1998) Development 125, 4749–4755). Interestingly, this configuration persists in mature spermatozoa subsequent to the transcriptional silencing of the locus. It was therefore postulated that the retained, enhanced DNase I-sensitive conformation of the PRM1→PRM2→TNP2 domain in human sperm may be preferentially histone-enriched. To address this tenet, we examined the chromatin structure of the human PRM1→ PRM2→ TNP2 domain using a PCR-based assay. The results show that this retained, enhanced DNase I sensitive domain reflects an enrichment of histones at discrete regions across the locus. In addition, a similar examination of other genes and repetitive sequences suggests the non-random distribution of histones and protamines within the sperm nucleus. A discussion of these results and their functional significance is presented.
Toward a synthesis of parental socialization and child temperament in early development of conscience.

It is argued that, while research on conscience development has emphasized the contribution of parental socialization, the influence of children's temperament has been largely neglected. Two developmental processes that result in the formation of two respective components of conscience are proposed: (1) development of the tendency to experience affective discomfort, guilt, and anxiety associated with wrongdoing; and (2) development of behavioral control—the ability to inhibit a prohibited action, to suppress an antisocial or destructive impulse, and to perform a more prosocial/desirable behavior. Individual differences among children and qualities of parental socialization in relation to both processes are considered as they contribute to conscience development. Relevant evidence from neopsychoanalytic, attributional, social-learning, and temperament models is reviewed. New avenues of research that integrate socialization and temperament perspectives in a developmental framework are proposed. The importance of the study of early developmental periods is emphasized.
Long-term quality of life for surgical and nonsurgical treatment of head and neck cancer.

Objective To compare the long-term, health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (SRT) or concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT). Design Matched-pair study comparing patients with advanced HNC treated with SRT or CRT at least 12 months after treatment. Patients completed 2 validated surveys addressing HNC-specific outcomes and depressive symptoms and provided information on employment and tobacco and alcohol use. Results for the 2 groups were compared using paired-samplettest and χ2analysis. Setting University-based study. Patients Patients with stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx who underwent SRT or received CRT. Main Outcome Measures Head and neck cancer–specific health-related quality of life from the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory and level of depressive symptoms from the Beck Depression Inventory. Results The matching process resulted in 27 patients in each treatment group. The HNC-specific domain scores (with higher scores representing better outcomes) for CRT vs SRT were eating, 37.8 vs 40.8 (P = .69); speech, 65.1 vs 56.0 (P = .23); aesthetics, 80.3 vs 69.2 (P = .14); and social disruption, 69.7 vs 70.6 (P = .90). Overall health-related quality of life was 64.0 with SRT and 55.0 with CRT (P = .142). For the Beck Depression Inventory (with higher scores representing worse outcomes), patients who underwent SRT had a mean score of 9.6 compared with 11.6 for patients who received CRT (P = .42). Conclusion As nonsurgical means of treating HNC have become more aggressive and surgical techniques have become more focused on function preservation and rehabilitation, the overall health-related quality of life resulting from these different approaches is similar.
Quantitative analysis of gender-regulated transcripts in the filarial nematode Brugia malayi by real-time RT-PCR

Improved understanding of the biology of reproduction in filarial worms may lead to identification of new targets for drugs or vaccines. Real-time RT-PCR is increasingly being adopted for RNA quantification and genetic analysis. Candidate gender-regulated genes were selected from genes identified in prior studies by differential display RT-PCR and by electronic selection of the Brugia malayi expression sequence tag (EST) database for clusters with possible gender-specific expression (four or more transcripts in male cDNA library ESTs but none in female ESTs or vice versa). Expression of candidate genes in male and female worms was compared by real-time reverse transcription PCR with sequence-specific primers. Double stranded DNA product was measured by SYBR Green I fluorescence; melting curves and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to verify the specificity of results. Relative gene expression results were normalized by parallel studies with internal control genes that were shown to be equally expressed in male and female worms (beta actin 2B, histone H3, NADH dehydroxygenase subunit 1) and calculated by the comparative Ct method. Nineteen of 31 candidate genes were verified to have reproducible, gender-biased expression with fold differences between 5 and >30,000. These included several well-known genes (for example, genes encoding major sperm protein and a microfilaria sheath protein) and many novel genes. This paper reports the first large scale use of real time RT-PCR to quantitate and study gene expression in a nematode parasite. Our results represent an important step toward improved understanding of the molecular biology of reproduction in filarial nematodes. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of K-1735P Melanoma Galactoside-binding Lectins and Their Modulation by Differentiation Inducers

Lectins purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized asialofetuin from extracts of mouse K-1735P melanoma cells appeared as two polypeptides [L-14.5 ( M r, 14,500) and L-34 ( M r, 34,000)] in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, in two-dimensional electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) the L-14.5 polypeptide was resolved into three acidic forms of pI 4.6, 4.9, and 5.8, whereas the L-34 was resolved into two polypeptides of pI 4.9 and 5.3. Antibodies directed against galactoside-binding lectins from rat and bovine lungs, mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, and mouse UV-2237 fibrosarcoma cells reacted with the K-1735P lectins in immunoblots, and normal mouse lung extracts were found to contain cross-reactive proteins that comigrated with the two melanoma lectins. Indirect immunofluorescence staining using the above antibodies demonstrated that both L-14.5 and L-34 were expressed on the surface of viable K-1735P cells. Treatment of these cells with 1 µm β-all- trans -retinoic acid or 1 mm N 6, O 2′-dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 5 days induced morphological differentiation, inhibition of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growths, and a selective decrease in the L-34 lectin level. Growth inhibition by starvation for serum factors, which did not induce differentiation, had no effect on the level of L-34. These results demonstrate that the melanoma lectins are immunologically related to normal cell lectins and that the two polypeptide species are expressed on the cell surface. Further, they demonstrate that the L-34 lectin level can be modulated by agents that suppress the transformed phenotype by enhancing differentiation.
Tumor Spectrum in ARF-deficient Mice

The p19 ARF product of the INK4a/ARF locus is induced in response to potentially oncogenic hyperproliferative signals and activates p53 by interfering with its negative regulator, Mdm2. Mice lacking ARF are highly prone to tumor development, and in this study, 80% of these animals spontaneously developed tumors and died within their first year of life. Mice that were heterozygous for ARF also developed tumors after a longer latency, whereas their wild-type littermates did not. In heterozygotes, tumor formation was accompanied by loss of the residual ARF allele and/or lack of ARF mRNA expression, implying that ARF can act as a canonical “two-hit” tumor suppressor gene. Tumors occurred earlier in life in ARF -null animals that were neonatally irradiated or given dimethylbenzanthrene, and several animals treated with carcinogen simultaneously developed multiple forms of malignancy arising from distinct cell lineages. Although p53 -null mice primarily develop lymphomas and fibrosarcomas, the frequency of these two tumor types was inverted in ARF -null animals, with undifferentiated sarcomas predominating in a 3:2 ratio; 28% of ARF-null animals developed carcinomas and tumors of the nervous system, which have been rarely observed in untreated p53-null mice. The longer latency of tumor formation in ARF -null versus p53 -null mice, therefore, appears to enable a broader spectrum of tumors to emerge.
Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization

Investigative analysts who work with collections of text documents connect embedded threads of evidence in order to formulate hypotheses about plans and activities of potential interest. As the number of documents and the corresponding number of concepts and entities within the documents grow larger, sense-making processes become more and more difficult for the analysts. We have developed a visual analytic system called Jigsaw that represents documents and their entities visually in order to help analysts examine reports more efficiently and develop theories about potential actions more quickly. Jigsaw provides multiple coordinated views of document entities with a special emphasis on visually illustrating connections between entities across the different documents.
Dynamics of shear flow of a non-Newtonian fluid

Abstract Viscoelastic materials with fading memory, e.g., polymers, suspensions, and emulsions, exhibit behavior that is intermediate between the nonlinear hyperbolic response of purely elastic materials and the strongly diffusive, parabolic response of viscous fluids. Many popular numerical methods used in the computation of steady viscoelastic flows fail in important flow regimes, and thus do not capture significant non-Newtonian phenomena. A key to satisfactory explanation of these phenomena is the study of the full dynamics of the flow. This paper studies the dynamics of shear flow, presenting a description of non-Newtonian phenomena caused by a non-monotone relation between the steady shear stress and shear strain rate. Analytical results for such phenomena are surveyed, and three distinct numerical methods are developed to accurately compute the dynamics. The computations reproduce experimental measurements of non-Newtonian “spurt” in shearing flow through a slit die. They also predict related phenomena (such as hysteresis and shape memory); experiments are suggested to verify these predictions.
Noise Analysis of Soft Errors in Combinational Digital Circuits Via Walsh Transforms

The noise produced at the output of combinational logic circuits by individual gate failures is analyzed through the use of Walsh functions. Soft errors are modeled by allowing the output of each gate in a particular realization to fail temporarily, possibly introducing an error in the single binary output. The input variables also are allowed to be stochastically driven. The output probability of error contains the Walsh transform of an extended logic function and the Walsh characteristic functions of the input variables as well as the individual gate failure variables. These results are specialized to the case where the inputs are statistically independent of the soft errors. A discussion of the transform of the extended logic function is included.
Modeling and Design of Super High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

Because of the advantages of compact size and high efficiency, today PMSM motor has attracted the attention in aerospace applications. We have designed a super high speed PMSM motor with 92% efficiency novel for a cryo-cooler compressor for NASA recently. The rated speed of the motor is 136 krpm and the rated output power is 1.85 kW. Considerable attention has been paid in the design due to the super high speed range of operation. In the paper, we will present our analysis and design approach based on computer modeling and simulation.
Mesovortices, Polygonal Flow Patterns, and Rapid Pressure Falls in Hurricane-Like Vortices

Abstract The present work considers the two-dimensional barotropic evolution of thin annular rings of enhanced vorticity embedded in nearly irrotational flow. Such initial conditions imitate the observed flows in intensifying hurricanes. Using a pseudospectral numerical model, it is found that these highly unstable annuli rapidly break down into a number of mesovortices. The mesovortices undergo merger processes with their neighbors and, depending on initial conditions, they can relax to a monopole or an asymmetric quasi-steady state. In the latter case, the mesovortices form a lattice rotating approximately as a solid body. The flows associated with such vorticity configurations consist of straight line segments that form a variety of persistent polygonal shapes. Associated with each mesovortex is a local pressure perturbation, or mesolow. The magnitudes of the pressure perturbations can be large when the magnitude of the vorticity in the initial annulus is large. In cases where the mesovortices merge to...
Constructivism and Learning in the Age of Social Media: Changing Minds and Learning Communities

Social media provide new means and opportunities for learning that are consistent with major tenets of both social and cognitive constructivism, and extend the process of learning and meaning construction to more diverse communities and universally accessible shared activities that are jointly and concurrently engaged in by both peers and experts.
The Mine Bosses' Union—A Study in Group Leadership

of his fellows who align themselves with the commercial interests of uptown New York. The artist and intellectual can assume such a position successfully only because he stands outside the ties of the more mundane world, free from occupational routine and social obligations. In essence charismatic authority is unstable. The intellectual knows no legitimacy other than that provided by the recognition of his followers. Should this recognition fail, his position is lost, for he cannot deduce his authority from code or statute. He must constantly prove himself anew to his followers. His polemics against society must be comprehensible in terms of the life experience of at least a segment of society's members. His followers are loyal to this inner vision of society and not necessarily to him as a person and certainly not to his office or position. Weber pointed out that it is the fate of charisma whenever it comes into contact with the permanent institutions of a community to give way to tradition, rational socialization, and discipline.32 The chief factor determining this routinization of charisma has been the desire of a particular social strata or interest group to legitimize and thus preserve their privileged position. Prestige and influence which were charismatically acquired are legalized and rationalized into a cosmos of acquired rights, duties, and functions. Allegiance no longer adheres to the individual but to his office or social position. That such rationalization has not taken place in the case of the intellectuals is largely due to the accessibility of intellectual status and the fact that intellectual leadership has so generally been in opposition to social restraints of any kind. In addition the social position of the artist intellectual has seldom been one which it would be to his great advantage to preserve and the artist by very definition has never been a practical man of affairs who would undertake its systematic institutionalization. It is precisely because the intellectual artistic elite have never been a governing or administrative group that they have escaped internal discipline and have as a group maintained their charismatic authority. 3 Gerth and Mills, op. cit., p. 253.
A Novel Enuresis Alarm for Toilet Training Students with Intellectual Disability: An Initial Evaluation in a School Setting.

In this study, a novel enuresis alarm device using a miniaturized radio frequency module and disposable sensors made with inexpensive conductive ink was used to teach toilet use for urination with three participants with severe intellectual disability (two males and one female; aged 7–15 years) in a private special education school setting. At study entry, the participants did not use the toilet for urination independently, despite prior training attempts using standard behavioral interventions. For each participant, the enuresis alarm was used as part of a manualized behavior modification program. Two of the participants progressed markedly in the acquisition of toileting skills during participation in the program, but results for the third participant were less clear. Data suggest high staff satisfaction with the device and procedure and several possible advantages over standard behavioral intervention. Thus, an enuresis alarm that comprises state-of-the-art technology may be useful for teaching toileti...
A SURVEY OF THE ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL BACTERIAL KEEPING QUALITY OF PASTEURIZED MILK FROM 50 PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY PLANTS1

The actual and potential keeping quality of milk from 50 Pennsylvania processing plants was determined by comparing Standard Plate, coliform, and psychrophilic counts on commercially processed and laboratory pasteurized portions held at 4.4 C and 7.2 C. Examinations were made on the day of processing and after 5 and 10 days storage at each temperature. Bacterial data on fresh commercially pasteurized milk were of little or no value in predicting shelf life. As shown by previous studies, laboratory pasteurization destroys or inactivates coliform and psychrophilic organisms usually responsible for spoilage of commercially processed milk. Some laboratory pasteurized milk exhibited increases in counts when held 5 or 10 days at 7.2 C, even though freshly pasteurized portions were free of the psychrophilic or coliform organisms often found in commercially processed milk. The need for low temperature storage of pasteurized milk is clearly shown. The most important fact illustrated by this study is that Standard ...
Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist, Potentiates the Inflammatory Response In An Animal Model of Erosive Arthritis

Abstract 4721 The P2Y12 receptor plays a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation by several agonists. The active metabolite of clopidogrel, a widely used anti-thrombotic drug, irreversibly antagonizes the P2Y12 receptor. However, treatment with clopidogrel has been associated with joint inflammation. In addition, Boilard E. et al identified micro-particles generated by activated platelets in joint fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this study we investigated whether platelet activation leads to changes in inflammatory responses using a rat model of erosive arthritis. Here, we evaluated the effect of clopidogrel on inflammation in Lewis rats in a peptidoglycan polysaccharide (PG-PS)-induced arthritis model with four groups of eight rats each: untreated group, animals receiving clopidogrel (clopidogrel group), animals receiving PG-PS (PG-PS group), and animals receiving PG-PS as well as clopidogrel (PG-PS + clopidogrel group). There were significant differences between the PG-PS + clopidogrel treated group when compared to PG-PS treated group including: increased joint diameter [4.24 ± 0.73 vs. 2.70 ± 1.09; p 0.05], and elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IF gamma, IL-6. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly lower in PG-PS + clopidogrel treated group compared to PG-PS group alone. Histological observations indicated an increase in leukocyte infiltration at the inflammatory area of the joint, increased pannus formation and decrease in bone mass upon treatment with clopidogrel in PG-PS-induced arthritis animals. Accordingly to the clinical, histological and cytokine results, we conclude that clopidogrel has a pro-inflammatory effect in PG-PS-induced arthritis animal model and this might implicate that P2Y12 receptor antagonism might enhance inflammatory responses. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Description of Hydration Water in Protein (GFP) Solution

The term, hydration water, describes the structurally and dynamically perturbed water surrounding proteins and biomolecules. This population of water has a defining influence on the structure and function of biomolecules, especially proteins; implying a fundamental connection between the dynamical properties of hydration water and many vital biochemical processes including protein folding, protein–ligand recognition, membrane, enzyme function, and DNA stability. This makes the extent of the perturbation (the hydration number, NH) and degree of perturbation (the retardation factor, ξ) of great practical interest. We present an experimental description of the dynamical perturbation of hydration water around green fluorescent protein in solution using neutron scattering methods. We find that less than two shells (∼5.5 A) were perturbed, with dynamics a factor of 2‒10 times slower than bulk water, depending on their distance from the protein surface and the probe length of the measurement, which neutron scattering allows us to vary. This dependence on probe length demonstrates that hydration water undergoes sub-diffusive motions (for the first hydration shell, for perturbed waters in the second shell), an important difference with neat water which demonstrates diffusive behavior ().
A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR ISOLATING HIGH QUALITY RNA FROM FLOWER PETALS

A simple RNA isolation method based on hot borate and proteinase K was used to extract high-quality RNA from petals of daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. 'Dutch Master'). The method was adapted from the isolation technique described by Wan and Wilkins (1994). A single isopropanol precipitation and ethanol wash replaced all the second day steps of the Wan and Wilkins procedure. The RNA isolated by this procedure was of high enough quality to construct a senescence-associated subtracted cDNA library, and the procedure has proved successful in isolation of RNA from petals of several different flowers.
Outcome of Patients Younger Than 50 Years Old Diagnosed with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Single Institution Experience

Abstract Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are rare hematological neoplasms that are more typically seen in elderly patients. Young patients ( Methods: A total of 1012 MDS patients' data from Oct 1993 to Dec 2015 at Mayo Clinic were reviewed after appropriate IRB approval was obtained. All cases had their bone marrow slides reviewed at our institution. Patients youngers than 50 years old (yMDS) were included as cohort 1, while the rest was included as control group (cohort 2). Prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate analyses was based on log-rank testing using JMP software version 10. Results: Characteristics: We identified 68 (7%) yMDS patients with a median age of 42 years (range, 18-49). Female gender was more common in yMDS (43% vs 31%, p= 0.05). Upon comparison between cohort 1 and 2, only platelets were significantly lower in yMDS (61 vs 102, p Survival outcome: Median OS was longer for cohort 1 vs cohort 2 but did not reach statistical significance (43 vs 21 months, p= 0.1). Median progression free survival (PFS) was shorter for cohort 1 vs cohort 2 but did not reach statistical significance (8 vs 12 months, p= 0.3). Median OS for cohort 1 based on R-IPSS was 44, 105, 40, 18, and 12 months for very low, low, intermediate, high and high risk groups, respectively (p= 0.09). Median OS was shorter in t-MDS vs de novo MDS in cohort 1 (13 vs 47 months, p = 0.04). Young patients who had transformed to AML had a worse median OS (18 vs 93 months, p=0.001). On multivariate analysis neither t-MDS nor R-IPSS had a statistically significant impact on OS. Conclusions: MDS is rarely diagnosed under the age of 50. IPSS-R was less powerful in detecting differences between its risk groups for this patient population, although more than half of the patients with yMDS had either high or very high risk. Among this cohort of yMDS patients, there was a significantly higher proportion with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms compared to older patients (one third of patients), with subsequent higher rates of transformation to AML and higher allogeneic HCT. In our study, we did not find an improved OS for yMDS patients compared to older patients. Disclosures Al-Kali: Celgene: Research Funding; Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.: Research Funding.
Subsurface injection of combustion power plant effluent as a solid‐phase carbon dioxide storage strategy

Long-term geological storage of CO2 may be essential for greenhouse gas mitigation, so a number of storage strategies have been developed that utilize a variety of physical processes. Recent work shows that injection of combustion power plant effluent, a mixture of CO2 and N2, into CH4 hydrate-bearing reservoirs blends CO2 storage with simultaneous CH4 production where the CO2 is stored in hydrate, an immobile, solid compound. This strategy creates economic value from the CH4 production, reduces the pre-injection complexity since costly CO2 distillation is circumvented, and limits leakage since hydrate is immobile. Here, we explore the phase behavior of these types of injections and describe the individual roles of H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2 as these components partition into aqueous, vapor, hydrate, and liquid CO2 phases. Our results show that CO2 storage in sub-permafrost or sub-marine hydrate-forming reservoirs requires co-injection of N2 to maintain two-phase flow and limit plugging.
Understanding Young Queer Adults' Experience of Accepting Queer Identities and Appearance Management

The research objective was to understand young queer adults' experiences of accepting their queer identity and appearance management. While queer identities were tested and explored, young queer adults tended to experiment with clothing reflecting their queer identities. As interviewees' queer identity more established, they became more confident with what they wore.
Domain adaptation with ensemble of feature groups

We present a novel approach for domain adaptation based on feature grouping and re-weighting. Our algorithm operates by creating an ensemble of multiple classifiers, where each classifier is trained on one particular feature group. Faced with the distribution change involved in domain change, different feature groups exhibit different cross-domain prediction abilities. Herein, ensemble models provide us the flexibility of tuning the weights of corresponding classifiers in order to adapt to the new domain. Our approach is supported by a solid theoretical analysis based on the expressiveness of ensemble classifiers, which allows trading-off errors across source and target domains. Moreover, experimental results on sentiment classification and spam detection show that our approach not only outperforms the baseline method, but is also superior to other state-of-the-art methods.
Meconium Ileus in a Neonate with Cystic Fibrosis

Meconium Ileus in a Neonate with Cystic Fibrosis In a newborn infant with a prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, abdominal distention and emesis developed at 12 hours of age. A radiograph of the abdomen and a water-soluble contrast enema suggested a diagnosis of meconium ileus.
Activation of a Mutable Allele in Alfalfa Tissue Culture

A white-flowered mutant (WFM) was regenerated from tissue culture of a purple-flowered alfalfa donor carrying one dominant allele (C2) for anthocyanin synthesis. Chromosome counts confirmed that WFM was not due to loss of the chromosome carrying C2. The dominant allele had mutated. This mutation has occurred only once among about 2,500 plants regenerated from the original donor. When WFM was recultured, many regenerated plants (about 20%) were purple-flowered. Genetic transmission of the unstable recessive through the zygote (single cell) to progeny that reverted proved that revertants of WFM were not due to culturing chimeral tissue. Hence, the dominant allele (C2) in the donor mutated to an unstable recessive (mutable), c2-m4, which is carried by WFM, and transmitted to its progeny. The c2-m4 allele has now been transmitted through three sexual generations, and in single dosage behaves as it did in WFM.
Adaptive Horizon Model Predictive Regulation

Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a moving horizon scheme for stabilizing a plant to an operating point. It’s generalization, Model Predictive Regulation (MPR), is a moving horizon scheme for tracking a reference signal or rejecting a known disturbance. Adaptive Horizon Model Predictive Regulation (AHMPR) is a scheme for varying as needed the length of the horizon of Model Predictive Regulation. Its goal is to achieve tracking or disturbance rejection with horizons as small as possible. This allows AHMPR to be used on faster and/or more complicated dynamic processes.
Influence of Abuse History on Concurrent Benzodiazepine and Opioid Use in Chronic Pain Patients

An important predictor of opioid overdose is co-use of benzodiazepines, which are often prescribed for anxiety. Coping with anxiety may be particularly difficult among individuals with a history of abuse, as it is often linked to higher pain severity and poorer coping skills. We explored whether abuse history moderated the association between anxiety and benzodiazepine use among current opioid users. New patients at a tertiary care, outpatient pain clinic completed self-report measures of medication use, anxiety, and physical and sexual abuse history (child abuse only, adult abuse only, or cumulative abuse). The present study included adult patients reporting current opioid use (n = 1,785). Approximately 16% reported co-use of benzodiazepines, and 17% reported a history of abuse. Patients reporting child abuse only and cumulative abuse reported co-use of benzodiazepines and opioids more often than those denying abuse and patients reporting adult abuse only (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the probability of benzodiazepine use among patients reporting cumulative abuse increased sharply at high levels of anxiety (P = .003). Cumulative abuse may increase sensitivity to psychological distress and put patients at risk for co-use. Providers should be aware of life history factors, including abuse, that may drive the need for medication. Perspective: This article examines the association between history of abuse victimization and co-use of benzodiazepines among chronic pain patients reporting current opioid use. The findings suggest that cumulative victimization across the lifespan may contribute to co-use by increasing sensitivity to psychological or physical distress or by negatively impacting coping skills.
Blockchain and Cybersecurity

Computer exploitation is on the rise. Advanced adversaries are becoming more capable and destructive. Organizations must become increasingly effective at mitigating their information security risks. Effective cybersecurity is more important than ever as immeasurable amounts of personal and potentially incriminating data are currently stored in websites and social media platforms. The Internet is full of powerful hacking tools and hackers are using them extensively to cause damage to individuals and organizations. Attacks are becoming stealthier, having a greater financial impact, and causing broad damage. Reports of organizations being hacked and suffering reputational damage have become commonplace. According to Symantec, cybersecurity threats in some categories rose to 600% in 2017 (Symantec 2019). A continuous stream of cybersecurity breaches in 2017 underscores our inability to provide adequate security for our online information. Organizations are spending significant time, financial, and human resources to combat cyber threats and combat cyberattacks, however some companies are still getting compromised. The traditional prevention approach to security architecture has failed to prevent hackers from intrusions. Blockchain technology is that proactive approach to security needed to enhance the capabilities of organizations to detect and prevent threats that will inevitably slip through existing defenses.
Palliative Care and Moral Distress: An Institutional Survey of Critical Care Nurses

Background The need for palliative care in the intensive care unit is increasing. Whether gaps and variations in palliative care education and use are associated with moral distress among critical care nurses is unknown. Objectives To examine critical care nurses' perceived knowledge of palliative care, their recent experiences of moral distress, and possible relationships between these variables. Methods In this quantitative, descriptive study, survey questionnaires were distributed to 517 critical care nurses across 7 intensive care units at an academic health center in Virginia. Validated instruments were used to measure participants' perceptions of palliative care in their practice setting and their recent experiences of moral distress. Results A total of 167 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Fewer than 40% of respondents reported being highly competent in any palliative care domain. Most respondents had little palliative care education, with 38% reporting none in the past 2 years. Most respondents reported moral distress during the study period, and moral distress levels differed significantly on the basis of perceived use of palliative care (P = .03). Respondents who perceived less frequent use of palliative care tended to experience higher levels of moral distress. Conclusions Many critical care nurses do not feel prepared to provide palliative care. When palliative care access is perceived as inadequate, nurses may be more apt to experience moral distress. Health system leaders should prioritize palliative care training for critical care nurses and their colleagues and empower them to reduce barriers to palliative care.