cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Southern California earthquake data center

The Southern California Earthquake Center Data Center (SCECDC) is the component of SCEC that stores the seismological, geodetic, and strong-motion data collected in southern California. These data are to be integrated into a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of southern California known locally as the “master model.” The SCECDC is located at Caltech in Pasadena, and has been on-line since January. It consists of a Sun Sparc II station connected to a mass storage device, “Jukebox,” containing optical disks. This Jukebox is capable of storing 300 gigabytes of data on-line at one time.
Slowing Nephropathy Progression: Focus on Proteinuria Reduction

Blood pressure control reduces decline of kidney function. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers offer renoprotection to a small extent beyond that attributable to blood pressure lowering. These agents also reduce proteinuria, a risk marker for renal disease progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that their antiproteinuric effect correlates with their additional renal benefits.
A visual design environment

This paper describes an approach to hardware design that combines the graphical nature of schematic design systems with the high-level design methodology of hardware description languages. We have developed an environment for the design of electronic systems based on a visual hardware description language. The Visual Design Environment with Objects (or ViDEO environment) allows the user to construct a design as a graphical program in the vVHDL visual hardware description language. The graphical design can be compiled into a standardized representation, analyzed and simulated.
A multimedia program helps parents manage childhood aggression

Participants were 65 parents of 6- to 18-month-old children presenting for a well child checkup between September 2002 and February 2003 to one of two private pediatric offices. The intervention was a 30-minute multimedia program, Play Nicely, viewed at home, which teaches the basics in childhood aggression management. One year after intervention, parents were asked, "Do you feel that the CD program was helpful in managing aggressive behavior in your child?" Most (65%) parents who watched the program agreed that it helped them manage aggression with their own child (strongly agree, 31%; agree, 34%; uncertain, 28%; disagree, 7%; and strongly disagree, 0%). An inexpensive, brief, independently viewed, multimedia program helps parents manage aggression in their young children as long as 1 year after receiving it from their pediatrician. An easily implemented intervention may contribute to violence prevention efforts.
Kinetic characteristics of mixed conductive electrodes for lithium ion batteries

Abstract The rate performances of four mixed conductive electrodes (Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ) were investigated using galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT). These four electrode materials can be roughly divided into two groups according to the structure change during Li intercalation/extraction, i.e. the phase transition materials (Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 and LiFePO 4 ) and mixed phase transformation and solid solution materials (LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 and LiCoO 2 ). Both the ionic conductivity and phase transition kinetics have a strong impact on the rate capability of the electrode material in addition to the generally accepted factors such as particle size and electronic conductivity. The rate capabilities of Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 and LiFePO 4 , which have an extended flat region in the charge/discharge curves, mainly depended on their phase transition kinetics. The rate performance of the solid solution materials were controlled by the ionic conductivity, with some influence from the electronic conductivity.
Use of a Standard Cane Increases Unipedal Stance Time during Static Testing

The records of 11 consecutive qualifying patients were reviewed to evaluate whether use of a cane increased unipedal balance time during static testing. Measured with a stopwatch, the maximum unipedal balance time increased significantly with use of a single-point cane, whether standing on the left (M = 14.4 sec.) or right (M = 16.7 sec.) lower limb. The results indicate that in clinical situations, sophisticated instruments are not needed to demonstrate the effects of a cane and that unipedal stance times obtained with a stopwatch can confirm the effectiveness of canes for increasing unipedal balance of patients and caregivers.
Evaluation of Diver Communication Systems by a Diver-to-Diver Technique

This investigation was conducted as part of a program of research designed 1) to develop several methodologies for the evaluation of diver communication systems and 2) to carry out these evaluations on available units. The major focus of this report is on a diver-to-diver procedure and data resulting from the evaluation of seven diver communication systems, viz: a) hard-lineAquaphone; b) acoustic-Bendix and Yack-Yack; and c) amplitude modulated-PQC-1a, PQC-2, Aquasonics 811, and Aquasonics U-42. All systems were used with a Nautilus muzzle and a double-hose regulator. Talkers were five divers experienced in such tasks; listeners were six to eight divers familiar with the talkers' speech; stimulus materials were the Clarke 50-word multiple choice lists. The following results were noted: 1) no single approach to diver communication (modulated, acoustic, hard-line) completely dominated the results; 2) the use of optimum (currently available, that is) muzzle-regulator combinations, a closed set of speech materials, and procedures where talkers' speech was familiar to the listeners, all operated to improve the intelligibility of communication; 3) the performance of the military systems was poorer than that of the commercial ones; and 4) these systems-even when used optimally-still do not provide adequate communication for divers.
SPATIAL ACUITY OF ULTRASOUND HEARING IN FLYING CRICKETS

The minimum audible angle is the smallest angular separation at which two sounds are perceived as coming from distinct sources. To determine the spatial acuity of hearing in crickets, we measured minimum audible angles at various locations in azimuth and elevation. Crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) were able to discriminate between sources separated by 11.25 degrees (1/32 of a circle) in azimuth directly ahead of them; acuity declined to 45 degrees in azimuth for sound sources 90 degrees to the side and then improved to 33.75 degrees at the rear. Crickets were also able to discriminate between sources separated in elevation, although acuity was much poorer, ranging from 45 degrees at the front and rear of the animal to 90 degrees below the animal. A habituation-dishabituation test was used to test discrimination. This involved presenting a train of ultrasound pulses from one location, habituating the cricket's escape response. This train was followed by a test pulse of ultrasound from another location, after which a final pulse was presented from the original source. If the test pulse was discriminated from the habituating pulses, then the response to the final pulse was dishabituated. To determine the minimum audible angle, we repeated such tests while moving the two sound sources closer together until dishabituation no longer occurred.
Religion and Employment: How Extensive is a Teacher's Religious Freedom?

Balancing the variety of religious beliefs of teachers and the public schools 'secular purpose poses a difficult problem for educational policy makers. Case law and the constitutional issues related to religious freedom and employment practices are reviewed in this article. Implications for practice and avenues forfurther analysis are suggested on the basis of the review.
Resolution of Social Conflict

For generations, sociological theorists have debated the relative function, utility, and harm of social conflict and its resolution. This review identifies some of the most prominent among recent contested forms of conflict resolution as well as their social histories, worldviews, and ways of operating. In sorting out the myriad theoretical traditions and positions guiding this field, we note that the resolution of social conflict is a thing in itself, and hence any design of its study should be directed at this liminal moment during which change is occurring. We conclude by examining four aspects of resolution—violence, spatiality, temporality, and language—using these themes to demarcate fault lines or gaps in the literature and to suggest new directions for future research.
Violence and Predation in Late Medieval Mediterranean Europe

In the full-text databases of Latin sources from Europe from the period between 400 and 1500, the Latin word for violence crops up around two thousand times, about as often as “justice” (2,400) though not as often as other interesting words like “envy” (6,000) or “vengeance” (3,800). The frequency of use of the word, adjusted for the vagaries of survival, reveals an interesting trend. From the tenth to the eleventh centuries, an age of predatory castellans and violent territorial expansion, the frequency nearly doubles in the extant literature, and remains high for several centuries to come. The word often appears in texts alongside nauseating tales of violence, of hands lopped off and eyes plucked out and intestines dragged from their hidden recesses. There is the story told by Guibert of Nogent about the predatory castellan Thomas de Marle, who hung his captives by their testicles until the weight of their own bodies tore them off. These were exempla. They painted verbal pictures of the behavior of those who were surely doomed to hell. In the hands of clerical authors like Guibert, they served as a goad to kings and princes who, in their indolence, might allow this stuff to go unavenged.
Variable Selection and Collinearity

Suppose we have a set of variables y, x l,...,x s and observations on these variables y 1, x i l,..., x is , i = 1,..., n. We want to identify which of the independent variables, x j , are important in a regression for y. There are several methods available for doing this.
FISH MUSCLE LIPOLYSIS—A REVIEW

Lipolysis occurs extensively in fish muscle post-mortem and is associated with quality deterioration in the frozen tissue. Fish muscle lipolysis is presented in the context of basic fish muscle physiology and lipid composition. Phospholipase A and lipases from fish muscle have been described and characterized. The reaction is usually followed by measurement of free fatty acid production, and several colorimetric assays are available. Processing and storage treatments have been shown to influence the extent and rate of lipolysis in fish muscle; most of the research in this area has been directed at the effects of frozen storage. The interaction of lipolysis and lipid oxidation is a particularly intriguing area of study as triglyceride hydrolysis leads to increased oxidation while phospholipid hydrolysis produces the opposite effect.
Vacuum stability and vacuum excitation in a spin-0 field theory

The theoretical possibility that in a limited domain in space the expectation value $〈\ensuremath{\varphi}(x)〉$ of a neutral spin-0 field may be abnormal (that is to say quite different from its normal vacuum expectation value) is investigated. It is shown that if the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}$ coupling is sufficiently large, then such a configuration can be metastable, and its physical size may become substantially greater than the usual microscopic dimension in particle physics. Furthermore, independent of the strength of the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}$ coupling, if $\ensuremath{\varphi}(x)$ has sufficiently strong scalar interaction with the nucleon field, the state that has an abnormal $〈\ensuremath{\varphi}(x)〉$ inside a very heavy nucleus can become the minimum-energy state, at least within the tree approximation; in such a state, the "effective" nucleon mass inside the nucleus may be much lower than the normal value. Both possibilities may lead to physical systems that have not yet been observed.
A hybrid differential evolution algorithm for multiple container loading problem with heterogeneous containers

We investigate the multiple container loading problem, commonly known as the three-dimensional bin packing problem.We model it as a mixed integer programming model.We develop a differential evolution (DE) algorithm hybridized with a novel packing heuristic strategy.The proposed algorithm outperform existing solutions. We consider a multiple container loading problem, commonly known as the three-dimensional bin packing problem (3D-BPP), which deals with maximizing container space utilization while the containers available for packing are heterogeneous, i.e., varying in size. The problem has wide applications in cargo transportation, warehouse management, medical packaging, and so on. We develop a differential evolution (DE) algorithm hybridized with a novel packing heuristic strategy, best-match-first (BMF), which generates a compact packing solution based on a given box packing sequence and a container loading sequence. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on a set of industrial instances and randomly generated instances. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing solution approaches in terms of solution quality.
The outcome of short- and long-term psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment.

Background Empirical evidence on whether patients’ mental health and functioning will be more improved after long-term than short-term therapy is scarce. We addressed this question in a clinical trial with a long follow-up. Method In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 326 out-patients with mood or anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP), short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP) or solution-focused therapy (SFT) and were followed for 10 years. The outcome measures were psychiatric symptoms, work ability, personality and social functioning, need for treatment, and remission. Results At the end of the follow-up, altogether 74% of the patients were free from clinically elevated psychiatric symptoms. Compared with SPP, LPP showed greater reductions in symptoms, greater improvement in work ability and higher remission rates. A similar difference in symptoms and work ability was observed in comparison with SFT after adjustment for violations of treatment standards. No notable differences in effectiveness between SFT and SPP were observed. The prevalence of auxiliary treatment was relatively high, 47% in SFT, 58% in SPP and 33% in LPP, and, accordingly, the remission rates for general symptoms were 55, 45 and 62%, respectively. Conclusions After 10 years of follow-up, the benefits of LPP in comparison with the short-term therapies are rather small, though significant in symptoms and work ability, possibly due to more frequent use of auxiliary therapy in the short-term therapy groups. Further studies should focus on the choice of optimal length of therapy and the selection of factors predicting outcome of short- v. long-term therapy.
The Efficacy of Conditional Cost of Carry Models in Pricing Oil Futures

This paper develops an empirical cost of carry model for pricing crude oil futures by introducing an exogenously conditioned convenience yield as well as stochastic volatility. The approach is tested using monthly prices of all light crude oil futures contracts traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange between 1985 and 2006. The results indicate that the model fits the data extremely well relative to the unconditional model. Though the paper focuses on oil, the approach can be used for any other consumption commodity with well-developed futures markets.
3404 Assessing visual quality and coverage of routine diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (egd): use of a systematic review model.

Introduction: Assessing and maintaining the quality of endoscopic examinations is important for endoscopic training and continuing education. A single small study has previously assessed the quality of colonoscopic examinations. However, there are few data on structured systems for assessing visual quality and coverage of EGD. Aim: To develop and evaluate a comprehensive model for assessing the quality of routine diagnostic EGD. Methods: 27 consecutive routine EGD s performed by an experienced endoscopist using an Olympus GIF XQ230 were videotaped for analysis. Clinical and endoscopic details were recorded, and the endoscopist scored visual quality in a systematic manner by dividing the upper gastrointestinal tract into 24 discrete sections (esophagus (n=4), stomach (n=12), duodenum (n=8)). Visual quality in each section was scored from 0-3 (0, no view-no attempt to visualise mucosa; 1, inadequate-might fail to detect ulcer; 2, adequate-might miss scattered erosions but would detect a small ulcer; 4, excellent, would detect scattered erosions). An experienced endoscopist, who was blinded to clinical details and results, reviewed each videotape using the same scoring system. The reviewer also commented on abnormalities seen during video review. Results: Overall, 634 individual upper GI segments were analyzed in 27 patients (median age 62 years, range 24-87; 15 female). 14 segments were not present in a single patient due to previous gastroenterostomy. The endoscopist scored 2 sections 0, 12 sections 1, 221 sections 2 and 399 sections 3. The reviewer scored 4 sections 0, 96 sections 1, 253 sections 2 and 281 sections 3. Overall, the agreement between endoscopist and reviewer was moderate (kappa statistic 0.41, p
Tumor necrosis factor infusions in humans prime neutrophils for hypochlorous acid production

Five cancer patients undergoing intravenous infusions of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha were evaluated for the effects these infusions had on the priming of circulating neutrophils for hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production. These patients were also studied for changes in temperature, circulating white blood cell counts, blood pressure, and spontaneous monocyte interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and TNF production. As predicted by previous in vitro studies, patient neutrophils increased their HOCl production to unopsonized zymosan from a baseline of 29.2 +/- 5.9 nmol I- oxidized/4 x 10(6) cells to a peak of 64.2 +/- 9.8 nmol I- oxidized/4 x 10(6) cells at 4 h after TNF infusion (P less than 0.01). Similar increases were also seen at 4 h with phorbol myristic acetate and opsonized zymosan as the stimuli. The priming effect could be reproduced in neutrophils from a normal individual by incubating them with the 30-min serum samples from the infused patients. The ability of this serum to prime neutrophils was completely blocked by a monoclonal anti-TNF alpha-antibody but not by an anti-IL-1 beta antibody. In addition to the priming of their neutrophils, patients also experienced fever, marked hypotension, and an initial fall, followed by rebound to an elevation, in circulating white blood cell counts. The TNF infusions did not produce detectable circulating IL-1 beta nor did they induce significant production of TNF or IL-1 beta by circulating blood monocytes. These studies confirm the role of TNF in producing the signs of sepsis such as hypotension, fever, and leukopenia followed by leukocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surveillance of rat plague in Jianping county,2009-2013

Objective To explore dynamic condition of rat plague and to provide evidence for preventing plague in human. Methods Data on ecology and density of Alaschanicus,pathogenic and serologic surveillance of rat plague in Jianping county from 2009 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. Results During the period,the density of Alaschanicus ranged between 0. 10- 0. 23 / hm2and the densities of wild and house mouse were 0. 53- 0. 81 / per 100 traps and 0. 88-1. 80 /per 100 houses,respectively. A new species wild mouse(Cricetulus eversmanni)was identified in the surveillance in 2013. The ecology of Alaschanicus showed no obvious variation,with an annually increased proportion of 1-year-old mice. Totally 262 fleas were detected in 168 of 1 792 Alaschanicus checked,with a flea infection rate of 9. 38% and an5-year average flea index of 0. 15; 186 fleas were captured in 102 of 1 810 Alaschanicus burrow tracks searched,with a flea detection rate of 5. 64% and flea index of 0. 10; and 281 fleas were captured in 56 of 156 Alaschanicus nests digged,with a flea detection rate of 35. 90% and flea index of 1. 80. All results of Yersinia pestis culture and F1 antibody indirect hemagglutination assay were negative for samples collected from Alaschanicus. Conclusion The epidemic of rat plague is in a relative stable condition in natural foci of plague in Jianping county.
The CT Features and the Prognosis of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) with Intracranial Hemorrhages in Neonates

Objective To discuss the CT features and the prognosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with intracranial hemorrhages in neonates.Methods The CT features of the HIE with intracranial hemorrhage were analyzed and follow-up studied in 64 cases.Results Of all the 64 cases with HIE, 53 cases were associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and all cases were normal in the follow-up study after 1 month. 1 case was associated with intraventricle hemorrhage (IVH), 10 cases were associated with mixed bleeding (SAH+IVH in 3 cases, IVH+IPH in 1 case, SAH+IPH in 2 cases, SAH+SHE in 2 cases, SAH+SDH in 2 cases). Of the follow-up studies on 10 mixed bleeding cases, 1 was normal, 1 was dead, and the others were cerebromalacia, cerebral atrophy, porencephaly and calcium.Conclusion Different intracranial hemorrhages results in different prognosis.
The faces of Bacidia schweinitzii: molecular and morphological data reveal three new species including a widespread sorediate morph

Abstract Bacidia schweinitzii is a common crustose lichen that is widespread in eastern North America. It is comprised of three distinct morphotypes differing in apothecial pigmentation. Here we show that molecular data from the mtSSU region affirms the distinctiveness of these morphotypes, prompting the recognition of three species: B. schweinitzii s.str., B. ekmaniana sp. nov. and B. purpurans sp. nov. We also show that a common sorediate crustose lichen, sympatric with B. schweinitzii, represents a monophyletic lineage whose relationship with B. schweinitzii s.str. could not be resolved with certainty using analyses of ITS and mtSSU sequence data. We recognize this sorediate lineage as a distinct species, B. sorediata sp. nov. All four taxa are described, illustrated and mapped.
Advanced Algebraic and Graph-Based ECC Schemes for Modern NVMs

In this chapter, we discuss advanced error-correcting code techniques. In particular, we focus on two complementary strategies, asymmetric algebraic codes and non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Both of these techniques are inspired by traditional coding theory; however, in both cases, we depart from classical approaches and develop new concepts specifically designed to take advantage of inherent channel characteristics that describe non-volatile memories.
Reliability of a CBGA miroproessor package incorpoating a decoupling capacitor array

In this work, the reliability of a novel advanced packaging design for microprocessors has been explored. The new architecture consists of a Ceramic Ball Grid Array (CBGA) package with a flip chip die on a high CTE ceramic substrate, and an array of decoupling capacitors used within the second level interconnects. The capacitors are modified chip capacitors that are soldered immediately beneath the CBGA substrate in a square array that replaces some or all of the ball grid array solder joints. This location for the capacitors improves electrical performance of the microprocessor package (reduces noise/crosstalk and increases speed), and also provides resistance to solder joint collapse. The value of the designs in this investigation is in moving the decoupling capacitive elements of the package closer to the die while having a comparable mechanical reliability to an analogous BGA package. Test assemblies of the new packaging concept containing daisy chain test die have been prepared and subjected to thermal cycling reliability testing. Both lead free and Sn-Pb solder joint options have been examined. Weibull failure plots of the recorded failure data have been created, and failure analysis has been performed to identify failure locations and failure modes.
Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) Has Clinical Activity in Relapsed/Refractory Low Grade Lymphomas (LG) and Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Motexafin gadolinium (MGd, Xcytrin ® ) is a novel anti-cancer drug that selectively concentrates in cancer cells and disrupts redox dependent pathways by targeting oxidative stress related proteins such as thioredoxin reductase and metallothioneins. MGd has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. We initiated a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MGd in two B-cell malignancies, relapsed/refractory LG and relapsed/refractory CLL or CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). MGd was given intravenously (IV) at 6mg/kg/day for 3 days q 2 weeks for LG and 5mg/kg/day for 10 days q 3 weeks for CLL/SLL. Ten patients (pts) with LG (2 grade 1, 5 grade 2, 1 grade 3 follicular, 2 marginal zone), 2 pts with CLL/SLL and 1 pt with CLL have been enrolled. Median age was 64.5 yrs (range 44–77), median prior treatment regimens was 3.5 (range 1–6) and median time from diagnosis to treatment was 52 mo. Many LG pts had failed prior aggressive treatment regimens including: CHOP (4), ICE (1), HyperCVAD(1), auto-bone marrow transplant (1); all failed rituxamab and 6 failed Zevalin. CLL/SLL and CLL pts had failed rituxamab (3), fludarabine (2), and R-CHOP (1). MGd related adverse events included skin and urine discoloration (6 and 4 pts), diarrhea, nausea, vesiculobullous rash, peripheral neuropathy (3 pts each). MGd related ≥gr 3 adverse events included skin rash (3 pts), fatigue, neuropathy, photosensitivity (1 pt each). Importantly, no MGd-related myelosuppression was observed. In 12 evaluable pts, there have been three PRs of 2+, 5+ and 8 months duration (2 follicular, 1 CLL). Two pts had SD (follicular, SLL) one of these had resolution of lymphoma related autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Responses occurred after ≤2 cycles of therapy and were seen in patients after extensive prior treatment (mean 4.3 prior regimens, range 3–7). MGd is a non-myelosuppressive drug with single agent activity in LG and CLL/SLL.
The MRL mouse strain is naturally resistant to high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia

T MRL mouse strain has long been studied for its autoimmune phenotypes, its super healing abilities and now we are investigating the mouse strain because it proves to be resistant to high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathology. Amongst the T2D characteristics that the control C57Bl/6J mice display, after HFD feeding are; hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and cardiac hypertrophy. The HFD-fed MRL mice display none of these phenotypes. They remain sensitive to insulin and glucose and their cardiac function remains normal. In the preliminary steps of identifying the causative molecular mechanisms behind this HFD resistance we have identified increased skeletal muscle pAMPK and glycolysis. Both of these features are well known to be indicative of T2D resistance. We also assessed the levels of various hormones implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D. Surprisingly, we identified decreases in adiponectin levels in both HFD MRL and control diet (CD) MRL mice compared to their diet matched controls. As expected, insulin levels were increased in the control C57Bl6/J strain with HFD feeding. However, in the MRL mice insulin was decreased in the HFD mice. We also assessed food intake and grams gained for the four mouse groups. Both of the MRL mouse groups consumed significantly fewer food calories but gained significantly more weight. We are now attempting to combine the data for a model which explains the metabolic resilience of the MRL mice.
Consumers' acceptance of wearable technology: Antecedents in a technology acceptance model (MS - 2nd place)

Based on the extended TAM, the study examined the effects of technology acceptance variables, FEA variables, and environmental concerns on consumers’ attitude towards purchasing solar-powered clothing. Solar-powered clothing was chosen as the topic of this research due to the increasing focus and development of the product by researchers (Cho, 2010) and the pro-environmental attributes of the product.
Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles stephensi

Abstract The insulin-like peptide (ILP) family is comprised of some of the most widely studied and highly conserved proteins in the biological world. From nematodes to humans, ILPs and their respective signaling pathways mediate a diverse array of physiological processes, including but not limited to: behavior, metabolism, reproduction, and immunity. In the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, ILP synthesis is dynamic and tightly controlled. During infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the upregulation of two ILPs, ILP3 and ILP4, affects parasite development and transmission potential through distinct effects on host physiology. This chapter highlights current understanding of the interplay between ILP synthesis and signaling, host physiology, and P. falciparum infection in A. stephensi, with a focus on the mechanisms that drive ILP-dependent effects on infection.
3.26 – Memory Modulation

This chapter reviews extensive evidence from both animal and human research indicating that stress hormones activated by emotional arousal modulate the consolidation of memory of recent experiences. The hormones interact with other neuromodulatory systems in influencing noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala. The amygdala regulates the consolidation of different kinds of memory via its projections to other brain regions. This coordinated modulatory system serves to regulate the strength of memories in relation to their emotional significance. Stress hormones also influence memory retrieval and working memory. And, as with memory consolidation, their effects involve noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala and its interactions with other brain regions.
A Novel Schema to Enhance Data Quality of Patient Safety Event Reports

The most important knowledge in the field of patient safety is regarding the prevention and reduction of patient safety events (PSEs). It is believed that PSE reporting systems could be a good resource to share and to learn from previous cases. However, the success of such systems in healthcare is yet to be seen. One reason is that the qualities of most PSE reports are unsatisfactory due to the lack of knowledge output from reporting systems which makes reporters report halfheartedly. In this study, we designed a PSE similarity searching model based on semantic similarity measures, and proposed a novel schema of PSE reporting system which can effectively learn from previous experiences and timely inform the subsequent actions. This system will not only help promote the report qualities but also serve as a knowledge base and education tool to guide healthcare providers in terms of preventing the recurrence of PSEs.
Reducing Pediatric Anxiety through Training: an Integrative Neurocognitive Approach

Neurocognitive interventions that target specific cognitive mechanisms underlying anxiety symptoms (e.g., attention bias to threat, negatively biased interpretations) have been applied to youth samples. Here, we review the current attention bias modification (ABM) and cognitive bias modification (CBM) literature together and discuss approaches to develop additional neurocognitive interventions for anxious youth. In youth, ABM which trains attention away from threat typically does not change threat bias, but yields anxiety symptom reductions. However, few ABM studies show enhanced anxiety-related gains for active ABM compared to placebo training (i.e., attention directed equally to threat and neutral). Attention training towards positive information also reduces anxiety symptoms, but effects on behavior are mixed. In contrast to ABM, CBM in youth samples usually changes interpretations, but has little impact on anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, neurocognitive approaches for pediatric anxiety can be extended from adult anxiety treatments, adapted from other forms of psychopathology, or created to target other cognitive processing deficits in anxiety using novel methodology. More work, especially in clinical samples, is needed. To apply neurocognitive interventions in youth and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying changes in targeted behavior and anxiety, the development of cognitive function and the underlying neural circuitry must be a key factor when designing training programs. Future research is needed to refine, investigate, and create neurocognitive interventions for anxiety, especially in developmental samples.
Country-level Differences in the Effects of Financial Hardship on Life Satisfaction: The Role of Religious Context and Age-contingent Buffering:

Existing research suggests that financial hardship is negatively associated with life satisfaction. Largely absent from the literature, however, is an examination of whether this association varies...
Not All β-Sheets Are the Same: Amyloid Infrared Spectra, Transition Dipole Strengths, and Couplings Investigated by 2D IR Spectroscopy

We report the transition dipole strengths and frequencies of the amyloid β-sheet amide I mode for the aggregated proteins amyloid-β1–40, calcitonin, α-synuclein, and glucagon. According to standard vibrational coupling models for proteins, the frequencies of canonical β-sheets are set by their size and structural and environmental disorder, which determines the delocalization length of the vibrational excitons. The larger the delocalization the lower the frequency of the main infrared-allowed transition, A⊥. The models also predict an accompanying increase in transition dipole strength. For the proteins measured here, we find no correlation between transition dipole strengths and amyloid β-sheet transition frequency. To understand this observation, we have extracted from the protein data bank crystal structures of amyloid peptides from which we calculate the amide I vibrational couplings, and we use these in a model β-sheet Hamiltonian to simulate amyloid vibrational spectra. We find that the variations i...
Modeling and prediction of regional municipal solid waste generation and diversion in Canada using machine learning approaches

The main objective of this study was to develop models for accurate prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and diversion based on demographic and socio-economic variables, with planned application of generating Canada-wide MSW inventories. Models were generated by mapping residential MSW quantities with socio-economic and demographic parameters of 220 municipalities in the province of Ontario, Canada. Two machine learning algorithms, namely decision trees and neural networks, were applied to build the models. Socio-economic variables were derived from Canadian Census data at regional and municipal levels. A data pre-processing and integration framework was developed in Matlab® computing software to generate datasets with sufficient data quantity and quality for modeling. Results showed that machine learning algorithms can be successfully used to generate waste models with good prediction performance. Neural network models had the best performance, describing 72% of variation in the data. The approach proposed in this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating tools that helps in regional waste planning by means of sourcing, pre-processing, integrating and modeling of publically available data from various sources.
Co-located perinatal psychiatry clinic: impact of adding a psychologist on clinical quality improvement metrics.

AbstractPurpose: To describe the impact of adding a psychologist (the intervention) to a co-located perinatal psychiatry clinic (PPC) in terms of effects on clinical quality improvement (QI) metrics.Methods: Six-month pre- and postintervention study design with measurement of QI metrics: number of unique patients treated; number of new and established visits; percent no-shows for new and established visits; and mean wait time to new visit.Results: Number of unique patients treated by the psychiatrist increased by 30%, from 90 preintervention to 118 postintervention (p = .06). Total number of visits completed by the psychiatrist increased by 20% from 174 preintervention to 208 postintervention. Mean wait time for new visits for a physician decreased from 20 days preintervention to 14 days postintervention, with a mean difference of 6.4 days (p = .0015). Percentage of no-shows for new visits increased slightly from 23% preintervention to 26% postintervention (p = .72). The percentage of no-shows for establi...
Enantioselective Halolactonization Reactions using BINOL-derived Bifunctional Catalysts: Methodology, Diversification, and Applications

A general protocol is described for inducing enantioselective halolactonizations of unsaturated carboxylic acids using novel bifunctional organic catalysts derived from a chiral binaphthalene scaffold. Bromo- and iodolactonization reactions of diversely substituted, unsaturated carboxylic acids proceed with high degrees of enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity. Notably, these BINOL-derived catalysts are the first to induce the bromo- and iodolactonizations of 5-alkyl-4(Z)-olefinic acids via 5-exo mode cyclizations to give lactones in which new carbon–halogen bonds are created at a stereogenic center with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Iodolactonizations of 6-substituted-5(Z)-olefinic acids also occur via 6-exo cyclizations to provide δ-lactones with excellent enantioselectivities. Several notable applications of this halolactonization methodology were developed for desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and epoxidation of Z-alkenes. The utility of these reactions is demo...
Heat Transfer and Friction Factors for Flows Inside Circular Tubes With Concavity Surfaces

Heat transfer and friction coefficients measurements have been obtained for fully developed, turbulent internal flows in circular tubes with six different concavity (dimple) surface array geometries. Two different concavity depths and three different concavity array densities were tested using tube bulk flow Reynolds numbers from 20,000 to 90,000. Liquid Crystal Thermography was used to measure the temperature distributions on the outside of the concavity tubes. Using the average heat transfer coefficient for the fully developed region, the overall heat transfer enhancements are compared to baseline smooth tube results. Friction coefficients are also compared to values for a smooth tube. Dimple depths of 0.2 to 0.4 relative to the dimple surface diameter were used, with surface area densities ranging from 0.3 to 0.7. Dimple arrays were all in-line geometries. The results showed that heat transfer enhancements for dimpled internal surfaces of circular passages can reach factors of 2 or more when the relative dimple depth is greater than 0.3 and the dimple array density is about 0.5 or higher. The associated friction factor multipliers for such configurations are in the range of 4 to 6. The present study provides a first insight into the heat transfer and friction effects of various concavity arrays for turbulent flows.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Raccoon Ascarid: A Probable Cause of Human Ocular Larva Migrans

Abstract The ability of raccoon roundworm larvae, Baylisascaris procyonis , to produce ocular larva migrans (OLM) was studied in various experimental animals. In addition, the clinical and pathologic lesions were compared to those in suspected cases of human ocular baylisascariasis, in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSK). Ocular larva migrans was produced in squirrel monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, mice, hamsters, grey squirrels, and woodchucks orally infected with B. procyonis eggs. The clinical and histologic lesions were primarily those of retinitis, retinal hemorrhages, retinal tracks, disruption, and vasculitis; pigment migration; choroiditis; vitritis; and free or encysted larvae in ocular and extraocular tissues. The lesions of experimental OLM correlated well with those of suspected cases of human ocular baylisascariasis and DUSN. Based on these studies, B. procyonis of raccoons should be considered as a probable cause of OLM and DUSN in humans.
Histone demethylases in prostate cancer

Accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic alternations are as important as genetic mutations in cancer development. It is proposed that tumors are arisen by “malignant reprogramming” driven by a combination of both genetic and epigenetic changes. It therefore comes as no surprise that histone demethylases, the newest members of the histone modifying enzymes, are found to be targets of mutations and dysregulation in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of the types of histone demethylases whose genetic structure or expression is altered in cancers, the action of histone demethylases in cancer development and their potential inhibitors. Special emphasis is placed on the roles of histone demethylases in prostate cancer progression.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in patients with solid organ transplants: an institutional experience and review of the literature

Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, has become the most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea, and is associated with increased mortality in all populations. Patients who have received solid organ transplants (SOT) are at increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and CDI recurrence (rCDI). This may be related to chronic immunosuppression, frequent antibiotic exposure, and increased or prolonged hospitalizations. Increased morbidity and mortality from CDI is well-described in SOT patients. Conventional treatments for index and recurrent CDI include vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as an effective and safe alternative for treating rCDI in the general population. Reports of its safety in certain immunocompromised populations, such as those with inflammatory bowel disease, appear reassuring, but outcomes among SOT patients are less well known. Here, we summarize the experiences published to date on the treatment of rCDI with FMT in SOT patient, and also describe our detailed FMT protocol and experience in treating a series of SOT patients with rCDI. In addition to reporting the safety and efficacy of our FMT experience, we also discuss the diagnostic challenges and considerations in this population of solid organ transplant recipients.
Arthroplasty for older patients with fractures about the knee

Fractures of the distal femur and tibial plateau are frequent in the older patient population, with fracture fixation often complicated by associated osteopenia, comminution, and arthrosis. Associated comorbidities also may affect outcomes in older patients. In younger patients, intramedullary nailing and locked plating are standard treatment options for distal femoral fractures, and plating and external fixation (fine wire) are standard treatment options for tibial plateau fractures; however, these options may not always be ideal in older patients. Acute arthroplasty may be the most appropriate treatment option for some distal femoral or tibial plateau fractures in geriatric patients. Unfortunately, high-quality studies comparing arthroplasty to other treatment options are lacking. Older patients treated with arthroplasty for distal femoral fractures appear to mobilize more quickly and achieve a higher level of wheelchair independence than those treated with standard techniques.
There’s No Such Thing as a Scientific Controversy

We examine 81 rhetoric and technical communication studies of “scientific controversy.” Our praxiographic analysis reveals that “scientific controversy” is not one thing but three, each staged acco...
From Morpheme Studies to Temporal Semantics: Tense-Aspect Research in SLA.

This article surveys the development of second language acquisition research in the area of tense and aspect. Research in the area has grown from the incidental investigation of tense-aspect morphology as part of the morpheme-order studies to investigations of the construction of interlanguage temporal semantics. Going beyond verbal morphology, many studies investigate a full range of temporal expression, including the use of pragmatic and lexical means. Much recent research also draws on theories of inherent, or lexical, aspect. An emphasis on the relation of form and meaning characterizes both the form-oriented approach and the semantic-oriented approach, the competing research paradigms that currently guide our work. The increase in scholarly activity in this domain of second language acquisition, as reflected not only in the number of studies undertaken but in the number of target languages investigated, bodes well for the understanding of temporality in second language.
The Reality of (Photographs of) Abstraction

Almost every art historian, in coming face-to-face with an artwork they have previously seen only in reproduction, has had the startling realization that the physical piece differs significantly from what they had imagined. I distinctly remember having this experience when I first saw Planos em
Public Health Informatics and the American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: Improving Community Health Despite Challenges

The Indian Health Service (IHS) provides care to the most remote and under-resourced communities in the US. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients have some of the highest morbidity and lowest life expectancy among any ethnic group in the US. Beginning in the 1980s, IHS recognized the need to accelerate the impact of their work through the development and integration of effective clinical, population, and public health informatics solutions. The IHS custom-built health information technology (HIT) system, the Resource and Patient Management System (RPMS), has been an effective tool leveraged to improve the health of individuals as well as communities for decades. Currently RPMS faces many challenges that are ubiquitous for HIT systems. These challenges include rapidly changing clinical and public health needs as well as technology, inadequate financial resources to maintain and improve the platform, a limited rural broadband network, a scarcity of a skilled and consistent rural workforce with adequate knowledge of the system, a lack of user-friendly functionality to improve quality and help ensure patient safety, and a variety of implementation concerns. Despite these issues, RPMS has maintained its place as a critical part of the armamentarium needed to improve public and population health for AI/AN communities. Modernization of this system provides the IHS with an enormous opportunity to develop a user—and population-centered HIT model to help close the gap in AI/AN health inequities and continue to illustrate the critical need for public and population health informatics at the point of care.