cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ISACA model curricula 2004

Abstract Part of the mission of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) is to improve the educational background of its members and potential members. In 1998, ISACA released the “Model Curricula for Information Systems Auditing at the Undergraduate and Graduate Levels” and in 2000 a task force was created to update the Model. The task force is composed of academics and professional IS auditors representing 11 countries and 5 continents. This paper reports on the efforts of this task force to create a new model that will be easier for universities around the globe to implement into their curricula and that will create a method for adopting universities to be recognized by ISACA. It describes the components of the model and the adoption procedures that should be considered by interested universities
Efficiency with humanity — geographical issues in Scotland's local government reform

Abstract City regions, the functional‐structuralist preference, formed the spatial basis of Scotland's local government reorganisation. The legislated structure is the result of applying city region principles, tempered by political compromise.
Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to arise from an interaction between susceptibility genes and a diabetogenic environment. This review summarizes progress pertaining specifically to gene-diet interactions. Recent efforts have been population-based and have focused on established genetic and dietary risk factors for T2D. TCF7L2 × carbohydrate-quality and IRS1 × macronutrient-composition interactions are promising factors, but most studies of gene-diet interactions are conflicting or need follow-up. T2D genetic risk scores are powerful predictors of developing T2D, but whether they can be combined with dietary risk factors merits further study. Lack of statistical power, imprecise diet measures, and conceptual issues surrounding replication all challenge our efforts to characterize interactions. Collaborations are needed for optimal study designs in both hypothesis-testing and hypothesis-generating contexts. Continued investment in studies of gene-diet interactions may lead to novel mechanistic insights into T2D, opportunities for risk stratification, and ultimately to personalized nutrition to prevent the disease.
Adverse Effects on Offspring of Tranquillizing Drugs during Pregnancy

IT has recently been shown that the injection of certain tranquillizing drugs during pregnancy produces loss of weight and defects of maze learning depending on the stage of pregnancy in which the injections are given1. The same workers obtained inconclusive evidence of the effect of tranquillizers on conditioned avoidance training. The present study investigates further the possible effect on conditioning of such treatment and attempts to verify the effects on weight.
The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire: development, reliability and validity.

The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) is a self-report scale designed to screen for the most common DSM-IV axis I disorders encountered in outpatient mental health settings. We report the results of four studies of the PDSQ involving more than 2,500 subjects receiving outpatient mental health care. In two studies we examined the understandability of the items on the PDSQ. Items that initially were less well understood were rewritten, and all items of the final version of the scale were understood by more than 90% of the respondents. In the other two studies, the reliability and validity of the PDSQ subscales was examined. A priori criteria were established to guide the revision of subscales. The final version of the questionnaire contains 13 subscales (major depressive disorder [MDD], bulimia, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, somatization, hypochondriasis, and psychosis), each of which achieved good to excellent levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant, convergent, and concurrent validity.
Histopathologic phenomena at the site of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: The problem of restenosis

Abstract Seventeen postangioplasty cases were morphologically studied at postmortem. Four of the eleven, early and intermediate cases (few hours to 1 month from angioplasty to death), revealed intraluminal thrombi, although in only two cases were those thrombi occlusive. Almost all of the nine early cases (eight of nine) exhibited intimal disruptions. Except for two of these cases in which circumferential and/or longitudinal dissections were present, the remainder of the intimal cracks were superficial and of limited extent. Limited dissection between intima and media is not considered a serious or detrimental local event. The early cases showed an aneurysmal dilatation of the plaque-free segment of the arterial wall in eccentric plaques. This finding was interpreted as the result of uneven distribution of the dilating force (circumferential stress) on the arterial wall. Late cases (survival over 1 month) revealed characteristic medial and intimal lesions indicative of the initial dilatation injury. It is hypothesized that intrinsic arterial wall changes (medial disruption) at the plaque-free segment and the resulting altered arterial geometry at the site of dilatation have a significant hemodynamic effect on the vascular conduit and may enhance and sustain the myoproliferative intimal response.
Threshold Voltage and 1/f Noise Degradation in Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors under Hot-Carrier Stress

We have shown that CNT-FETs suffer under hot carrier stress on a similar level to those of conventional silicon FETs, despite its advantage in transport properties. More studies on CNT- FET operating reliability must therefore be conducted before it can be used for practical applications.
Acquired Immunity from Insect Stings

To the query of Mr. Dawson Williams (NATURE. March 4, p. 415), as to whether the mosquito injects a toxin, an affirmative answer may be given. The mosquito has, instead of the two long simple salivary glands of other diptera, a complex system, three glands on each side of its thorax, two of each set unlike the third. All the six ductules from these glands unite so as to carry the secretion to the common salivary duct, and by it to the hypopharyx. The structure of the hypopharyx is the same as that of the sting of a bee, a tubular-pointed organ with a subterminal orifice. The only exit for the discharge of the complex glandular apparatus is into the wound made by the lancet-formed mouth-organs.
Long-range two-dimensional heteronuclear chemical shift correlation

Long-range heteronuclear chemical shift correlation has undergone a period of burgeoning growth during the past 4 years. Initially, such correlations were made by simply reoptimizing the conventional heteronuclear chemical shift correlation sequence originally devised by Freeman and Morris. Problems inherent in the reoptimization of the Freeman–Morris sequence have led to the development of a number of other of experiments, most recently, including reverse (proton) detected heteronuclear multiple quantum techniques. The techniques now in use are compared and the inherent problems of each are identified and weighed against advantages. Applications of each technique are also presented.
Interactions between Farm and Nonfarm Labor Markets

During the past 25 years, rural areas in the United States have undergone some dramatic changes. The most fundamental and pervasive forces behind these changes have been technological advancements in agriculture and economic growth (i.e., growth in real income per capita). This paper is concerned with the interaction of farm and nonfarm labor markets. The time horizon is the past 25 years, roughly since 1950. I shall highlight some of the significant long-term changes that have occurred in these labor markets and then discuss policy implications .1
Adequacy and support of physiological functions in the acutely ill cirrhotic patient.

The cirrhotic condition is characterized by a series of changes in physiological functions and of subclinical alterations that imply an abnormal and fragile adaptive pattern with reduced resistance to superimposed distress. In the care of the critically ill cirrhotic patient, the supportive measures aimed at maintaining physiological stability through the control of such debilitating factors have a key role and are not secondary in importance to the more obvious measures needed to treat clinically evident and specific alterations or complications. The relationship between hepatic malfunction and the development of these physiological abnormalities is not fully understood. Our knowledge of the problem, however, has been recently improved and the need for supportive measures motivated by a series of notions on cardiorespiratory and metabolic abnormalities and interactions in hepatic decompensation.
Errata - High power universal piezoelectric transformer

This study describes a multilayer piezoelectric voltage and power transformer that has one direction poling, operates in a wide-frequency range and delivers both step-up and step-down voltages by inverting the electrical connections. In this design, the input and output electrodes are on the same side of the disk and are isolated from each other by a fixed isolation gap. The electrode pattern is a ring/dot structure such that it uses radial mode for both input and output part that are built-in on the same ceramic disk. A prototype transformer was fabricated of size 15 2 78 mm2 having mass of 3.8 gm. In the step-down configuration at the constant output power of 6 W, the transformer characteristics across a 100 Ω load were found to be efficiency = 92%, gain = 0.21 input voltage = 110 Vrms, and temperature rise = 20 C from the room temperature. In the step-up configuration at the constant output power of 5 W, the transformer characteristics across a 5 kΩ load were found to be efficiency = 97%, gain = 9.5, input voltage = 16 Vrms, and temperature rise = 8 C from the room temperature. A detailed equivalent circuit analysis of the transformer was done, and the results were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Timing of activity in cerebellar dentate nucleus and cerebral motor cortex during prompt volitional movement

The discharge of neurons in cerebellar dentate nucleus and cerebral motor cortex was recorded on alternate days in each of 3 monkeys in association with prompt arm movement in response to a light signal. The time of change of the discharge of each neuron in relation to arm movement was computed. The distributions of the time of change for cerebellum and cerebrum overlapped, but the cerebellar distribution was shifted slightly earlier.
Effect of fat on meal-stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion.

In 5 dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas, gastric secretion was continuously stimulated with a 10% liver extract meal, kept at a constant pH 7 by intragastric titration. After the first hour of stimulation, intraduodenal sodium oleate was infused in graded doses. Gastric acid and pancreatic secretion (volume, bicarbonate and protein) were measured. Plasma gastrin, secretin, VIP, and GIP were determined by radioimmunoassay. The liver extract meal evoked a gastric acid output of 12±1.4 mEq/30 min and a rise in plasma gastrin from 90 ± 20 to 250±50 pg/ml. Sodium oleate produced inhibition of acid secretion by 40% and 70% at doses of 8 and 16 mmol/hr, respectively. Sodium oleate produced a dose-dependent increase in volume of pancreatic juice, bicarbonate and protein output. Meal-stimulated plasma gastrin levels were not affected by sodium oleate. Plasma secretin and VIP levels remained unchanged during the infusion of sodium oleate. GIP was released by liver extract meal and, in addition, in a dose-related fashion by graded doses of sodium oleate. It is concluded that VIP and secretin are not released by fat and they are not involved in the inhibition of gastric secretion. GIP may be one of the mediators in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion by fat. The inhibition of acid secretion by fat is not mediated by suppression of gastrin release.
Novel Water-Soluble Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Antitubulin Antitumor Agents

Purpose To study the effects of a regioisomeric change on the biological activities of previously reported water soluble, colchicine site binding, microtubule depolymerizing agents.
Character development and self-esteem

Abstract Character refers to the specifically moral dimension of the self. The formation of character involves a self-evaluation process in which individuals compare their description of themselves as they are (Real Self) with their descriptions of themselves as they would like to become (Ideal Self) and as they fear becoming (Dreaded Self). In a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents from the ages of 6 to 16, these self-descriptions were found to have a common structure and were related to age. About half of these descriptions have at least some moral content. Although the correlation between self-esteem and developmental level was not statistically significant, individuals at the higher levels were more likely to be self-critical about their moral behavior. Being self-critical in turn increased the likelihood of having a somewhat lower self-esteem.
Immune regulatory cells in umbilical cord blood: T regulatory cells and mesenchymal stromal cells

A major goal in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is to retain the lymphohaematopoietic potential of the cell transfer without its side effects. In addition to the physical injury caused by the conditioning regimen, donor T cells can react to alloantigens of the recipient and cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which accounts for the largest share of morbidity and mortality after HCT. Immune modulator cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise in their ability to control GVHD and yet, in preclinical models, preserve the graft-versus-malignancy effect. Initially, MSCs and Tregs have been isolated from adult sources, such as bone marrow or peripheral blood, respectively. More recent studies have indicated that umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of both cell types. We will review the current data on UCB-derived Tregs and MSCs and their therapeutic implications.
H I IMAGING OBSERVATIONS OF SUPERTHIN GALAXIES. II. IC 2233 AND THE BLUE COMPACT DWARF NGC 2537

We have used the Very Large Array to image the H I 21 cm line emission in the edge-on Sd galaxy IC 2233 and the blue compact dwarf NGC 2537. We also present new optical B, R, and Hα imaging of IC 2233 obtained with the WIYN telescope. Despite evidence of localized massive star formation in the form of prominent H II regions and shells, supergiant stars, and a blue integrated color, IC 2233 is a low surface brightness system with a very low global star formation rate (0.05 M☉ yr−1), and we detect no significant 21 cm radio continuum emission from the galaxy. The H I and ionized gas disks of IC 2233 are clumpy and vertically distended, with scale heights comparable to that of the young stellar disk. Both the stellar and H I disks of IC 2233 appear flared, and we also find a vertically extended, rotationally anomalous component of H I extending to ~ 2.4d10 kpc from the midplane. The H I disk exhibits a mild lopsidedness as well as a global corrugation pattern with a period of ~7d10 kpc and an amplitude of ~150d10 pc. To our knowledge, this is the first time corrugations of the gas disk have been reported in an external galaxy; these undulations may be linked to bending instabilities or to underlying spiral structure and suggest that the disk is largely self-gravitating. Lying at a projected distance of from IC 2233, NGC 2537 has an H I disk with a bright, tilted inner ring and a flocculent, dynamically cold outer region that extends to ~3.5 times the extent of the stellar light (D25). Although NGC 2537 is rotationally-dominated, we measure H I velocity dispersions as high as km s−1 near its center, indicative of significant turbulent motions. The inner rotation curve rises steeply, implying a strong central mass concentration. Our data indicate that IC 2233 and NGC 2537 do not constitute a bound pair and most likely lie at different distances. We also find no compelling evidence of a recent minor merger in either IC 2233 or NGC 2537, suggesting that both are examples of small disk galaxies evolving in relative isolation.
Analysis of the cognition involved in spreadsheet software interaction

This article analyzes details of the cognition involved when people use spreadsheet software, a task that is both a major microcomputer application and a cognitively intense task. This task is analyzed in terms of the GOMS model (Card, Moran, & Newell, 1983), to test the generality of the model and to extend its set of parameters. We found that people using two seemingly similar spreadsheet applications, Lotus 1-2-3 and Multiplan, require very different amounts of time to accomplish the same tasks. Experienced users of Lotus 1-2-3 took far longer to complete the same four tasks than experienced Multiplan users did. It was found that some of additional time was due to the fact that Lotus 1-2-3 offers users a choice of two general methods to enter formulas. Lotus requires that the user decide which to use; this decision takes time. And, when the users type the address of the cell in which values reside instead of using the cursor to point to it, they pause a long time before typing each entry. Presumably they are scanning the screen and calculating the coordinates to type in during the pause. Again, these cognitive processes take time. In an analysis of a second task-adjusting the column width-there was substantial evidence that the performance changes when a method is repeated in close succession. This repetition affects the parameters that reflect the time it takes to retrieve command parts from memory. When the parameters for scanning, decision, and repetition were added to the keystroke analysis of our task, we found remarkable correspondence with the basic parameters from the Card et al. (1983) original work: The keystroke times and mental preparation times from their original experiments were very close to the estimates of those same parameters in our tasks. However, in our analysis of the spreadsheet task, we expanded the parameter set in the keystroke model to account for performance in tasks that require substantial planning, scanning, and repetition.
Effects of growth hormone and corticotropin on metabolism of N15 from glycine, L-alanine, and ammonium citrate.

Metabolism of approximately 20 mg. amounts of N15 added to a complete diet as labeled glycine, L-alanine, or ammonium citrate, was studied in normal bitches during nitrogen equilibrium, storage induced by growth hormone, and loss induced by corticotropin. During induced nitrogen storage, excretion of N15 from each of the 3 sources decreased, but the fall was 25, 12, and 9% of the intake respectively for N15 from glycine, alanine, and ammonium citrate. Such preferential utilization supports the concept that growth hormone stimulates anabolic processes; it is difficult to explain on the basis of interference with urea formation. An increase in utilization of N15 from glycine was particularly noteworthy in the present experiments. During induced nitrogen loss, output of N15 from each of the 3 sources rose. The rise was 10 and 24% of the intake respectively, for N15 from glycine and alanine, indicating vigorous catabolism of the latter in experiments with corticotropin. The partition of excreted N15 yielded n...
Target tracking using monopulse MIMO radar with distributed antennas

We propose a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar system with distributed antennas that employs monopulse processing at the receivers. We also propose an algorithm to track a moving target using this system. This algorithm is simple and practical to implement. It efficiently combines the information present in the local estimates of the receivers. Since most modern tracking radars already use monopulse processing at the receiver, the proposed system does not need much additional hardware. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system over conventional single antenna monopulse radar. We also show that the proposed algorithm keeps track of rapidly maneuvering airborne and ground targets.
Feedbacks between Eddy Heat Fluxes and Radiative Heating in an Energy-Balance Model

Examen de la reponse de la structure en t, aux latitudes moyennes, a la variation du forcage radiatif, en faisant appel a un modele analytique a balance d'energie qui inclut le flux parametrise turbulent de chaleur ainsi que l'echauffement radiatif lineaire. Les caracteristiques des ondes baroclines transportant la chaleur sont determinees au sein du modele, tout en permettant aux ondes d'ajuster la stabilite statique et le gradient meridien de t tous deux correspondant a un etat moyen. En modifiant la t d'equilibre radiatif, on fait varier le forcage sur un large intervalle en vue d'examiner le comportement qualitatif, limitant de la retroaction barocline turbulente. La parametrisation du flux repose sur le modele de Charney d'instabilite barocline, et inclut un parametre analogue a la supercriticite (c'est-a-dire degre d'instabilite) du modele a 2 niveaux de Phillips. L'hypothese de l'ajustement barocline suggere que l'interaction entre flux et echauffement garde l'atmosphere extratropicale pres de la stabilite barocline neutre, c'est-a-dire de la supercriticite nulle. Le gradient meridien de t (dans le modele) depend surtout de sa valeur a l'equilibre radiatif et est insensible vis-a-vis de la variation de la stabilite statique de l'equilibre. Il est note qu'un processus stabilisateur comme la convection humide est important pour determiner la stabilite au cours de l'ete boreal
Kidney Function after Renal Revascularization for Hypertension

Kidney function was evaluated in 53 patients with renal arterial hypertension before and after renal revascularization and was correlated with changes in blood pressure. Data were derived from an analysis of personal observations and of findings reported by others. Revascularization produced a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in 13 azotemic patients. It did not significantly affect glomerular filtration rate when normal in 20 patients, but caused a rise in renal blood flow in three patients. Improvement in renal function was more closely correlated with preoperative functional status than with cure of hypertension. Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increased significantly in the revascularized kidney, but decreased in the contralateral kidney. Urine flow and sodium concentration in the revascularized kidney rose to levels equal to, or greater than, those in the contralateral kidney. The preoperative disparity in urine osmolality between kidneys was narrowed, whereas the concentration of nonresorbable urine solute became equal to, or lower than, that of its mate postoperatively. In most cases, the Howard test reverted to negative. The tubular rejection fraction ratio of sodium became normal or suggested contralateral renal arterial disease. The only functional differences between patients whose hypertension was cured and those whose blood pressure failed to respond to revascularization related to glomerular filtration rate and the Howard test. Impairment of function of the contralateral uninvolved kidney was rarely observed after surgery. The revascularized kidney frequently exhibited excessive natriuresis and diuresis, independent of changes in systemic blood pressure or glomerular filtration rate.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients in their Third Decade of Life

Background and Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in young patients are different than their older counterparts. The purpose of this study is to more fully define the issues of CABG in patients in their third decade of life. Methods: The medical records from all patients under forty years of age undergoing CABG at Allegheny University Hospital, Hahnemann Division, Philadelphia, PA from July 1990 to June 1995 were examined. Surgical outcome, psychosocial, and sexual issues were examined. Lipid analyses were compared perioperatively. Results: There were 43 male and 9 female patients. The mean age was 35 years (23 to 39 years). Risk factors included 43 (83%) patients with a history of smoking, 34 (65%) with familial hypercholesterolemia, 25 (48%) with a family history of CAD, 23 (44%) with hypertension, and 11 (21%) with diabetes. The mean preoperative serum cholesterol was 241 mg/dL. There were no hospital mortalities. Morbidities were found in 18 (35%) patients, including 9 (17%) cardiac, 5 (10%) pulmonary, 3 (6%) infectious, and 1 (2%) renal. In follow-up, three cardiac-related mortalities occurred within five years of surgery. Sixteen patients were readmitted to a hospital for cardiac related causes. Thirty-two (62%) patients failed to return to work, twenty-five (48%) failed to engage in regular exercise, and twenty-four resumed smoking. Psychosocial changes were found postoperatively in thirty (58%) patients. Eight (15%) patients admitted to sexual changes following surgery. Postoperative lipid profiles were minimally altered from preoperative values. Conclusions: Surgical revascularization is successful in alleviating symptoms with minimal risk. Postoperatively, a number of cardiac related events occurred. A significant number of patients resume smoking, fail to engage in regular exercise, fail to resume work, and fail to take prescribed lipid-lowering agents. Psychosocial and sexual dysfunctions are prominent.
Modeling and analysis of a dynamic judgment task using a lens model approach

We investigated performance in a complex, dynamic decision-making task. Individual judgment performance in a command and control environment was modeled as linear combinations of environmental cue values using a lens model approach. Examination of the judgment models indicated that participants had similar judgment policies, while correlational and error analyzes indicated that performance differences were due to participants' abilities to execute judgment strategies rather than their knowledge of the task environment. The research demonstrated how the lens model approach can be extended to account for dynamic aspects of decision making in complex environments, through the use of individual, time dependent environmental models for each participant. Additionally, the research showed that a lens model approach is useful for characterizing factors in individual performance in complex judgment tasks. Empirically, this research suggests that training on task knowledge should be supplemented by training which focuses on the consistent execution of judgment strategies.
Recombinant Human Retinol-Binding Protein Refolding, Native Disulfide Formation, and Characterization

Human retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a monomeric 21-kDa protein that is currently the subject of numerous studies owing to its role in the cellular uptake and utilization of retinol. When the RBP gene is overexpressed in Escherichia coli, inclusion bodies of aggregated RBP are found in the cells. These inclusion bodies are solubilized in 5.0 M GdmCl containing 10 mM DTT. Refolding of RBP is carried out in the presence of vitamin A by diluting denatured and reduced RBP into a redox refolding buffer consisting of 3 mM cysteine/0.3 mM cystine at 4 degreesC. Ion exchange chromatography (HPLC) is utilized to purify refolded RBP to homogeneity as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and electrospray MS. The native structure of refolded RBP was established by its ability to bind to vitamin A and the plasma protein transthyretin. The reconstitution of RBP outlined within affords a 50-60% overall yield, i.e., 73 mg of pure RBP/L of E. coli culture.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection With Osteolytic Lesions: Use of DNA Hybridization in Diagnosis

A case of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with long-bone lesions is presented. The bone lesions consisted of broad regions of generalized osteopenia with irregular fragmentation and spiculization at the zone of provisional calcification. Diagnosis of CMV infection was made by DNA spot hybridization of the urine sediment to DNA from the Towne strain of CMV, demonstrating the usefulness of DNA hybridization for identification of CMV in clinical specimens. Bone lesions associated with congenital CMV infection are useful early clues to diagnosis but can be indistinguishable from those of congenital rubella syndrome.
Epidemiology of Metabolic Disorders in the Periparturient Dairy Cow

The descriptive epidemiology and risk factors were reviewed for six clinical disorders: milk fever, downer cow syndrome, hypomagnesemic tetany, udder edema, left displaced abomasum, and ketosis. Data were included also from preliminary analyses of a data set from approximately 61,000 Finnish Ayrshire cows. A web of postulated associations among the metabolic disorders and other risks factors (previous lactation diseases and milk yield, calf factors, certain dry period nutritional factors, dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis) was diagrammed.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Breastfed Infants: Less Than Imagined

Medication use during breastfeeding shortens the duration of breastfeeding often because of overly cautious information given by healthcare providers. No comprehensive review of the literature on infant adverse reactions from drugs in breastmilk has been published. All published studies and case reports on adverse events in infants caused by medications (excluding drugs of abuse) in breastmilk were identified and analyzed. Of 100 case reports evaluated, none were considered to be "definite" using a standard ranking scale; 47% were "probable" and 53% were "possible." Drugs with central nervous system activity accounted for half of all reports. All 3 reported fatalities involved central nervous system depressants, but each had extenuating circumstances. At least 63% of reported cases were in neonates and 78% were in infants 2 months or younger; only 4% of adverse reactions occurred in infants older than 6 months of age. Published studies expand on and generally reinforce the analysis of case reports. By taking a few simple precautions in drug selection and considering the infant's age, breastfeeding rarely needs to be discouraged or discontinued when a mother needs drug therapy.
Carbonic anhydrase of the cotton plant

Abstract Nonaqueous fractionation of leaves of the cotton plant suggested that carbonic anhydrase was associated with the chloroplasts. Activity of this enzyme in aqueous extracts prepared in media containing no reductants was stable at 4°. Response to sulfhydryl reagents varied. The results indicated that thiol groups, necessary for the activity of the enzyme, were partially protected from oxidation.
Surgical treatment of Parkinson disease.

SEVERAL EFFECTIVE NEUROSURGIcal treatments for Parkinson disease (PD) have been developed based on an improved understanding of basal ganglia circuitry and the continuing evolution of neurosurgical techniques. Currently, there are 3 surgical targets for the treatment of movement disorders, the globus pallidus interna (Gpi), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the Ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus. The Gpi and the STN are the preferred targets for the treatment of PD while Ventralis intermedius is now primarily targeted in the treatment of tremor. Options for treatment include the placement of a deep brain stimulating (DBS) electrode in any of these areas or the creation of a small lesion in the Gpi (pallidotomy) or in the thalamus (thalamotomy).
Metabolism and kinetics of amlodipine in man

1. The disposition of amlodipine, R,S,2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl- 5- methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine has been studied in two human volunteers using single oral and intravenous doses of 14C-amlodipine. The drug was well absorbed by the oral route while the mean oral bioavailability for unchanged drug was 62.5%. 2. Renal elimination was the major route of excretion with about 60% of the dosed radioactivity recovered in urine. Mean total recovered radioactivity in urine and faeces amounted to 84% for both the oral and intravenous routes. 3. Apart from a small amount of unchanged amlodipine (10% of urine 14C), only pyridine metabolites of amlodipine were excreted in urine. The majority (greater than 95%) of the metabolites excreted in the 0-72 h post-dose period were identified; the major metabolite was 2-([4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl- 2-pyridyl]methoxy) acetic acid and this represented 33% of urinary radioactivity. The data indicate that oxidation of amlodipine to its pyridine analogue is the principal route of metabolism with subsequent metabolism by oxidative deamination, de-esterification and aliphatic hydroxylation. 4. For the two volunteers, amlodipine concentrations in plasma declined with a mean half-life of 33 h, while slower elimination of total drug-related material from plasma was observed, consistent with prolonged excretion (up to 12 days) of metabolites in urine and faeces. Only amlodipine and pyridine metabolites were found in the circulation. As these pyridine derivatives have minimal calcium antagonist activity the efficacy of amlodipine in man can most probably be attributed to the parent drug.
Hyperscanning: Simultaneous fMRI during Linked Social Interactions

"Plain question and plain answer make the shortest road out of most perplexities." Mark Twain-Life on the Mississippi. A new methodology for the measurement of the neural substrates of human social interaction is described. This technology, termed "Hyperscan," embodies both the hardware and the software necessary to link magnetic resonance scanners through the internet. Hyperscanning allows for the performance of human behavioral experiments in which participants can interact with each other while functional MRI is acquired in synchrony with the behavioral interactions. Data are presented from a simple game of deception between pairs of subjects. Because people may interact both asymmetrically and asynchronously, both the design and the analysis must accommodate this added complexity. Several potential approaches are described.
Study protocol title: a prospective cohort study of low back pain

Background: Few prospective cohort studies of workplace low back pain (LBP) with quantified job physical exposure have been performed. There are few prospective epidemiological studies for LBP occupational risk factors and reported data generally have few adjustments for many personal and psychosocial factors. Methods/design: A multi-center prospective cohort study has been incepted to quantify risk factors for LBP and potentially develop improved methods for designing and analyzing jobs. Due to the subjectivity of LBP, six measures of LBP are captured: 1) any LBP, 2) LBP ≥ 5/10 pain rating, 3) LBP with medication use, 4) LBP with healthcare provider visits, 5) LBP necessitating modified work duties and 6) LBP with lost work time. Workers have thus far been enrolled from 30 different employment settings in 4 diverse US states and performed widely varying work. At baseline, workers undergo laptop-administered questionnaires, structured interviews, and two standardized physical examinations to ascertain demographics, medical history, psychosocial factors, hobbies and physical activities, and current musculoskeletal disorders. All workers’ jobs are individually measured for physical factors and are videotaped. Workers are followed monthly for the development of low back pain. Changes in jobs necessitate re-measure and re-videotaping of job physical factors. The lifetime cumulative incidence of low back pain will also include those with a past history of low back pain. Incident cases will exclude prevalent cases at baseline. Statistical methods planned include survival analyses and logistic regression. Discussion: Data analysis of a prospective cohort study of low back pain is underway and has successfully enrolled over 800 workers to date.
A 2.9Tb/s 8W 64-core circuit-switched network-on-chip in 45nm CMOS

An on-die multi-core circuit-switched network for tera-scale computing, achieving 2.9 Tb/s throughput for random data transmissions on a 64 core 2D mesh and consuming 8 W in 45 nm CMOS at 1.0V, 50degC is described. Use of pipelined circuit-switched transmission, coupled with circuit path queue circuits and packet-switched request circuits enable power consumption of 125 mW/router and efficiency of 363 Gb/s/W, with scalable traffic-dependent throughput up to 6.2 Tb/s.
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting With an Intracardiac Mass and Complete Heart Block Enhanced Images by 3-Dimensional Echocardiography

A 53-year-old woman presented to the hospital with near syncope, reporting that she crawled on the floor for the past 3 days to prevent passing out. An ECG performed in the emergency department showed complete heart block. A temporary transvenous pacemaker was emergently positioned. A transthoracic echocardiogram was suboptimal, but demonstrated a mass in the left atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed that the large mass (3.2×2.7 cm) was much more extensive, with infiltration of both the interatrial and interventricular septae, both atria, the left ventricular outflow tract, and the ventricular side of the mitral valve anterior leaflet (Figure 1A through 1D, Movie IA through ID in the online-only Data Supplement). Differential diagnosis included a primary cardiac tumor, metastatic disease, sarcoidosis or other granulomatous process, or an infectious process. A computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis demonstrated the intracardiac mass and no other abnormalities (Figure 2). A permanent pacemaker was placed. The patient declined surgical management of the intracardiac mass. Figure 1. A , 2D TEE at midesophageal 4-chamber view at 0° shows a large cardiac mass (arrow) at interatrial septum and A-V node area that extends into both atria at end diastole. B , 2D TEE at lower midesophageal view at 117° shows large cardiac mass (arrow) at mid and basal interatrial septal area. C , 3D TEE at upper-esophageal short-axis view at 125° shows large mass (arrow) involving mid and basal interatrial septum and extending into midatrioventricular area. D , …
What Is Right with ‘Bayes Net Methods’ and What Is Wrong with ‘Hunting Causes and Using Them’?

Nancy Cartwright’s recent criticisms of efforts and methods to obtain causal information from sample data using automated search are considered. In addition to reviewing that effort, I argue that almost all of her criticisms are false and rest on misreading, overgeneralization, or neglect of the relevant literature.
Zinc Protoporphyrin, Zinc Ion, and Protoporphyrin Reduce Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose Zinc protoporphyrin pretreatment protects against temporary focal ischemic brain injury in rats. However, it is not known whether the zinc or the protoporphyrin portion of zinc protoporphyrin has effects on focal cerebral ischemia. Hence, all three agents were compared with regard to infarct size and edema in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods Four groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 hours of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. Each group was pretreated 30 minutes before middle cerebral artery occlusion with 0.9% NaCl, and then three groups were given equimolar doses of zinc protoporphyrin, zinc chloride, or protoporphyrin, respectively. Regional cerebral blood flow in the ischemic cortex was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Cerebral infarct size, brain water content, and ion content were measured 24 hours after the onset of occlusion. Results Regional cerebral blood flow during middl...
No Child Left Bilingual: Accountability and the Elimination of Bilingual Education Programs in New York City Schools.

Although educational policies for emergent bilinguals in New York City schools have historically supported the provision of bilingual education, the past decade has borne witness to a dramatic loss of bilingual education programs in city schools. This study examines the factors that determine language education policies adopted by school principals, through qualitative research in 10 city schools that have eliminated their bilingual education programs in recent years and replaced them with English-only programs. Our findings draw a causal link between the pressures of test-based accountability imposed by No Child Left Behind and the adoption of English-only policies in city schools. Testing and accountability are used as the justification for dismantling bilingual education programs and create a disincentive to serve emergent bilingual students, as schools are far more likely to be labeled low performing and risk sanctions such as closure simply for admitting and educating these students.
Providing seamless communication in mobile wireless networks

This paper presents a technique to provide seamless communication in mobile wireless networks. The motivation behind this study is to find a cost effective solution for minimizing the impact of active hand-offs (hand-offs during an active connection) on connection throughput. Existing solutions either provide total guarantee for seamless communication, incurring heavy network bandwidth usage (multicast based approach), or do not provide any guarantee for seamless communication (unicast based approach). Some other solutions are tuned to give good performance for specific protocols (e.g., fast-retransmit approach). This paper proposes a novel staggered multicast approach which provides a probablistic guarantee for seamless communication independent of the communication protocol used. We present experimental results of performance improvements achieved by our scheme, for data transfer using TCP over a wireless network in the presence of active handoffs. The conclusions however, are generic in that they apply to protocols other than TCP.
Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive

For minor-league hockey to attract new customers, it is important to explore attendance motivation. Given the controversy over the role of violence in attracting spectators, this study included violence among other traditional motives in addressing why spectators are attracted to attend minor league hockey. Specifically, spectators' motives were explored on the basis of gender and ticket type as well as their relationship to behavioural intentions to attend games. Spectators (n = 270) at a Southern Professional Hockey League game completed a questionnaire that assessed demographics, spectator motives and behavioural intentions. The results indicated (a) the spectator motive of violence appears relevant in the context of the sport of ice hockey, (b) spectator motives for the sport of minor league hockey varied on the basis of gender and ticket type and (c) the relationship of spectator motives to behavioural intentions to attend future games were somewhat varied on the basis of gender and ticket type.
Preventing Varicella-Zoster Disease

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the cause of chickenpox and shingles, is a pathogen in retreat following the introduction of mass vaccination in the United States in 1995. The live attenuated Oka vaccine, which is safe and immunogenic, gives good protection against both varicella and zoster in the short to medium term. It has undoubtedly been highly effective to date in reducing all forms of varicella, especially severe disease. However, the huge pool of latent wild-type virus in the population represents a continuing threat. Both the biology and the epidemiology of VZV disease suggest that new vaccination strategies will be required over time.
Constructing self-modeling videos: Procedures and technology

Although widely recommended, evidence-based interventions are not regularly utilized by school practitioners. Video self-modeling is an effective and efficient evidence-based intervention for a variety of student problem behaviors. However, like many other evidence-based interventions, it is not frequently used in schools. As video creation technology becomes increasingly accessible, school psychologists are better able to incorporate video self-modeling into their practice. Built on a comprehensive review, this article describes the procedures for implementing a video self-modeling intervention in educational settings. Video self-modeling procedures described herein include (a) deciding whether video self-modeling is an appropriate intervention for a situation, (b) planning for and preparing video self-modeling procedures, (c) videotaping, (d) editing the video, (e) presenting the video, and (f) using video self-modeling with other behavioral techniques. Additionally, further resources are offered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting locality phases for dynamic memory optimization

Dynamic data, cache, and memory adaptation can significantly improve program performance when they are applied on long continuous phases of execution that have dynamic but predictable locality. To support phase-based adaptation, this paper defines the concept of locality phases and describes a four-component analysis technique. Locality-based phase detection uses locality analysis and signal processing techniques to identify phases from the data access trace of a program; frequency-based phase marking inserts code markers that mark phases in all executions of the program; phase hierarchy construction identifies the structure of multiple phases; and phase-sequence prediction predicts the phase sequence from program input parameters. The paper shows the accuracy and the granularity of phase and phase-sequence prediction as well as its uses in dynamic data packing, memory remapping, and cache resizing.
Free Oscillations of the Laterally Inhomogeneous Earth: Quasi‐degenerate Multiplet Coupling

Summary The scheme leading to the computation of the normal mode eigen-frequencies of the laterally inhomogeneous Earth is derived. Rayleigh's variational principle is used to calculate the first-order corrections to the eigenfrequencies of a spherically symmetric, non-rotating and elastic Earth model due to the lateral variations in the real Earth. The Wigner-Eckart theorem is used, whenever applicable, to simplify many complicated angular integrals involving the strain deviator tensor to more basic and manageable integrals involving three spherical harmonics. In particular, near-resonance multiplet coupling for spheroidal-spheroidal, spheroidal-toroidal and toroidal-toroidal multiplets is presented along with the uncoupled case of a single arbitrary spheroidal or toroidal multiplet.
Effects of Dexamethasone on LH Release and Ovulation in the Cyclic Rat

A study was made of the effects of dexamethasone on ovulation and LH release (radioimmunoassay) in 4-day cycling rats. Subcutaneous injections of dexamethasone given in the earlier stages of the cycle (early diestrus) resulted in a 24-hr delay in ovulation by extending the diestrous period from 2 days to 3 days. Injection given in the later stages of the cycle (late diestrus, early proestrus) extended the cycle to 5 days by adding an extra day of vaginal co nification, with ovulation occurring on the second day, i.e., 24 hr later than expected in a normal 4-day cycle. The latter injection schedule was used in all subsequent experiments reported in this paper. Small dosages of LH induced ovulation in animals “blocked” by dexamethasone, suggesting thatlittle, if any, action of dexamethasone was exerted directly at the ovarian level. Dexamethasone blocked ovulation by inhibiting the normal preovulatory LH surge on the afternoon of proestrus. This inhibition of LH release was thought to be due to a decreased ...