cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amorphous germanium I. A model for the structural and optical properties

Abstract The structural properties (radial distribution function, small angle scattering, density), optical properties (complex dielectric function versus energy), and other characterizing parameters (scanning electron microscope examination, chemical analysis, recrystallization behaviour, transport phenomena), have been determined for a series of amorphous Ge films sputtered at different substrate temperatures. Various of these properties (e.g. refractive index, density, room temperature conductivity) show only slowly varying values for low and high substrate temperatures, with a rapid changeover in a critical temperature range. A model has been developed which relates this behaviour to the probability that an adatom configuration be able to change to a configuration of lower local free energy in the time for the deposition of a monolayer, and it is suggested that such behaviour may be a general feature of disordered films prepared by any deposition method. The structural and optical properties at a give...
Oxidative capacity of magmatic components

The capacity of magmatic components such as dissolved or precipitated ferrous and ferric iron compounds and water to control the oxygen fugacity of magmas is treated from a theoretical standpoint. Stoichiometric calculations indicate that in relatively anhydrous magmas, such as those of the Skaergaard j complex, the oxygen fugacity is determined by the reaction of ferrous and ferric iron if these are abundant relative to the quantity of dissolved water. However if the quantity of water is high relative to iron, as in the calc-alkali batholiths, the oxygen fugacity is likelyto be determined by the dissolved water of a given H, D/H2 ratio and by the tendency of H 20 to react with the Si-O-Si bridges of the si_cate melt.
Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: a theoretical and empirical integration.

The authors examined a theoretical model linking interpersonal relatedness and self-definition (S. J. Blatt,1974), autonomous and controlled regulation (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985), and negative and positivelife events in adolescence (N 860). They hypothesized that motivational orientation would mediate theeffects of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition on life events. Self-criticism, a maladaptive formof self-definition, predicted less positive events, whereas efficacy, an adaptive form of self-definition,predicted more positive events. These effects were fully mediated by the absence and presence,respectively, of autonomous motivation. Controlled motivation, predicted by self-criticism and maladap-tive neediness, did not predict negative events. Results illustrate the centrality of protective, pleasure-related processes in adaptive adolescent development.
DETECTION OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX (GER) IN THE PEDIATRIC AGE PATIENT BY ESOPHAGEAL INTRALUMINAL PH PROBE MEASUREMENT (TUTTLE TEST)

DETECTION OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX (GER) IN THE PEDIATRIC AGE PATIENT BY ESOPHAGEAL INTRALUMINAL PH PROBE MEASUREMENT (TUTTLE TEST)
EVIDENCE FOR DISCONTINUOUS REPLICATION OF CIRCULAR MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MOLECULES FROM NOVIKOFF RAT ASCITES HEPATOMA CELLS

Double-forked circular molecules of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from rat tissues, indicated by their form and size to be replicative intermediates, are of two structurally distinct classes. Molecules of the first class are totally double stranded. Molecules of the second class are defined by one daughter segment being totally or partially single stranded. Length histograms of daughter segments measuring between 2% and 44% of the total 5-µm molecular contour were constructed from samples of both classes of replicating molecules derived from mtDNA or Novikoff rat ascites hepatoma cells. For single strand-containing molecules, the lengths fell into eight distinct, reproducible groups with mean values separated by 4.1–7.6% of the circular contour length. For totally double stranded molecules, the lengths fell into seven groups, corresponding to seven of the groups found for single strand-containing molecules. These results suggest that along at least 44% of the contour of mtDNA molecules there exist discrete points at which DNA synthesis tends to be arrested. This may indicate that there are pauses in normal mtDNA synthesis. However, as the DNA used in these experiments was isolated from mitochondrial fractions, the findings may indicate that continuation of synthesis beyond specific points on the nucleotide strands requires a factor which is not available after cell disruption.
Heterogeneity of the Ro/SSA antigen and autoanti-Ro/SSA response: evidence of the four antigenically distinct forms.

Precipitating antibodies to the Ro/SSA antigen occur in the sera of 40% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 40-70% of the sera of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Previous work has shown that lymphocyte extracts contain two Ro/SSA antigens with protein moieties of 60 kD and 52 kD and that erythrocyte haemolysate contain two analogous but antigenically distinct Ro/SSA molecules of 60 kD and 54 kD. Frequency analysis of the various specificities in 43 sera with precipitating anti-Ro/SSA and studies with affinity-eluted antibodies suggest that the lymphocyte 60 kD and erythrocyte 60 kD Ro/SSA molecules are related as are the lymphocyte 52 kD and erythrocyte 54 kD Ro/SSA proteins. Anti-Ro/SSA sera when accompanied by other precipitins (anti-La/SSB and anti-U1RNP) react preferentially with certain Ro/SSA isoforms. Evidence is also presented for a 45 kD form of Ro/SSA. These data suggest that the antigenic heterogeneity of the Ro/SSA antigen is immunologically relevant and that there are two families of Ro/SSA antigens; one comprising of the two 60-kD proteins in the erythrocyte and lymphocyte and the other the erythrocyte 54 kD and lymphocyte 52 kD Ro/SSA proteins, respectively.
Impact-modified epoxy resin with glassy second component

A resorcinol-based epoxy resin was modified by incorporating a glassy second component. The mixture showed a heterogeneous morphology with two clearly defined phases, one phase rich in oligomer, the other phase composed mainly of resorcinol epoxy resin. The fracture toughness measured asG1c andK1c values showed an increase from 174J m−2 and 0.89 MN m−1.5 S in pure epoxy resin to 431 J m−2 and 1.36 MN m−1.5 in 30% oligomer modified resins. The scanning electron micrographs showed that the oligomer-rich phase exhibited ductile failure behaviour and formed the dispersed phase at low concentrations while it was the continuous matrix when the concentration was 30%. Optical observations on the failure mode of thin films of the oligomer-modified epoxy resin showed the existence of both inter face failure and considerable distortion in both phase.
Analog simulation of frequency response of digital control system: Analog Computer Techniques

The frequency response of a linear digital control system is studied by simulating a plant (represented by a first-order lag plus dead-time) on the analog computer. The digital controller is simulated with analog track-and-store units and parallel logic components. The high speed of the analog computer allows it to display the sinusoidal signals on an oscilloscope in order to observe instantaneously the effect on the frequency response of changing various system parameters. This paper describes the simulation techniques we used, the results we obtained, and how the analog simulation helped us to get the "big picture" of the problem in only a few hours of simulation runs. We turned to analog simulation only after spending several months in an unsuccessful attempt to solve the problem by digital simulation. The reasons for this lack of success are cited.
Reduction in Gsα Induces Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

We hypothesized that a decrease in Gsα expression occurs with osteogenic differentiation and that when Gsα expression was decreased by antisense oligonucleotides or direct inhibition of protein kinase A there was a concomitant increase in Runx2/Cbfa1. We also investigated the mechanism involved in t
Minimal cut set failure and repair

Approaches are demonstrated for calculating the unavailability of a minimal cut set consisting of multiple components for the situation where the component failures are not detectable until they all occur. This situation occurs when an integral test is only performed on a redundant system and individual component failures are not detectable. The minimal cut set unavailabity is shown to behave essentially like a single component unavailability, resulting in extremely significant impacts on system unavailability. An example evaluation of the scram discharge volume system shows the adverse effects when this situation occurs.
Manic symptoms in psychiatrically hospitalized children – what do they mean?

Abstract Objective: To examine the clinical implications of manic symptoms in psychiatrically hospitalized children aged 5–12. Methods: DSMIIIR manic symptoms, along with symptoms of other psychiatric disorders, were rated by parents and teachers on the Child Symptom Inventory IIIR prior to hospitalization. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; was also completed. During hospitalization children were evaluated by structured interview (K-SADS-E), and numerous rating scales weekly. Children with symptoms of mania (mania criteria with/without episodes) were compared to those without mania. Severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, CBCL factors, and comparable factors from teacher and parent inpatient rating scales were examined. Finally, a subgroup of both groups of children treated with stimulants were compared at baseline and at least two weeks of treatment. Results: Children with manic symptoms had more severe ADHD, ODD and depression symptoms. CBCL scores on aggression, social and thought problems were higher. Teachers and nursing staff made similar observations. Time in hospital was greater for children with manic symptoms. Both groups improved significantly on stimulant medication though reduction in overall psychopathology was often modest. Conclusions: Manic symptoms, regardless of whether or not they represent bipolar disorder, are a marker of serious psychopathology and treatment resistance.
MTV measurements of the vortical field in the wake of an airfoil oscillating at high reduced frequency

We present an experimental investigation of the flow structure and vorticity field in the wake of a NACA-0012 airfoil pitching sinusoidally at small amplitude and high reduced frequencies. Molecular tagging velocimetry is used to quantify the characteristics of the vortex array (circulation, peak vorticity, core size, spatial arrangement) and its downstream evolution over the first chord length as a function of reduced frequency. The measured mean and fluctuating velocity fields are used to estimate the mean force on the airfoil and explore the connection between flow structure and thrust generation.Results show that strong concentrated vortices form very rapidly within the first wavelength of oscillation and exhibit interesting dynamics that depend on oscillation frequency. With increasing reduced frequency the transverse alignment of the vortex array changes from an orientation corresponding to velocity deficit (wake profile) to one with velocity excess (reverse Karman street with jet profile). It is found, however, that the switch in the vortex array orientation does not coincide with the condition for crossover from drag to thrust. The mean force is estimated from a more complete control volume analysis, which takes into account the streamwise velocity fluctuations and the pressure term. Results clearly show that neglecting these terms can lead to a large overestimation of the mean force in strongly fluctuating velocity fields that are characteristic of airfoils executing highly unsteady motions. Our measurements show a decrease in the peak vorticity, as the vortices convect downstream, by an amount that is more than can be attributed to viscous diffusion. It is found that the presence of small levels of axial velocity gradients within the vortex cores, levels that can be difficult to measure experimentally, can lead to a measurable decrease in the peak vorticity even at the centre of the flow facility in a flow that is expected to be primarily two-dimensional.
Needlestick prevention: new paradigms for research.

The Centers for Disease Control has recommended safe needle disposal practices to prevent percutaneous exposures to bloodborne pathogens for the last decade.1,2 Infection control policies and procedures based on these guidelines have been implemented in most US healthcare facilities, but few have noted an appreciable decline in needlestick incidence. Hospital infection control practitioners have traditionally relied on behavioral interventions to achieve infection control goals. In the case of needle safety, these interventions include glove use, nonrecapping of needles, and prompt needle disposal in punctureresistant containers. Although this strategy has a sound theoretical basis, in practice, many factors appear to reduce compliance with the recommended behaviors.
A importância do espaço na constituição do gênero em «O Primo Bazílio» de Eça de Queiroz

Resumo: Este estudo procura ser uma contribuicao para a analise do genero da obra daquele que e considerado a figura mais relevante do romance portugues do seculo XIX, Eca de Queiroz. Tendo em vista o crescente desenvolvimento no âmbito da teoria sobre o espaco, este trabalho procura desmantelar, atraves da mesma, a ideologia de genero que subjaz a O Primo Bazilio . Uma analise das restricoes espaciais que circunscrevem as personagens femininas tem o potencial de sublinhar a impermeabilidade das fronteiras de genero e as suas possiveis transgressoes. Procura-se contribuir para uma reavaliacao da construcao do genero na obra, construcao esta que nao e de forma nenhuma independente da visao que o autor tinha da sociedade da sua epoca. Palavras-chave: Relacoes espaciais; genero; transgressao; espacos proibidos. Resumen: Este estudio busca ser una contribucion para el analisis del genero de la obra de aquel que se considera la figura mas relevante de la novela portuguesa del siglo XIX, Eca de Queiroz. Teniendo en cuenta el desarollo de la teoria sobre el espacio, este trabajo busca desmontar, por medio de la misma, la ideologia de genero presente en O Primo Bazilio . Un analisis de las restricciones espaciales que circunscribe los personajes femeninos tiene el potencial de subrayar la impermeabilidad de las fronteras de genero y sus posibles transgresiones. Se busca contribuir para una evaluacion de la construccion del genero en la obra, una vez que se trata de una construccion que de ninguna manera es independiente de la vision que el autor tenia de la sociedad de la epoca. Palabras-clave: Relaciones espaciales; genero; transgresion; espacios proibidos. Keywords : Spatial relations; gender; transgression; forbidden places.
Differences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Heterosexual Individuals, and those Who Reported an Other Identity on an Open-Ended Response on Levels of Social Anxiety

Previous research suggests that individuals with a marginalized sexual orientation report higher levels of emotional distress (Cochran, 2001; Mayer, 2003), including higher prevalence of social anxiety (Gilman et al., 2001; Potoczniak, Aldea, & DeBlaere, 2007; Safren & Pantalone, 2006) than heterosexuals. The present study builds on previous research by examining results across sexual minority identities, including an additional write-in response option. One hundred eighty individuals participated in an online study in which they indicated their sexual orientation and completed measures of social anxiety. Results indicated that in a sample recruited in a liberal urban population, lesbian/gay, and heterosexual individuals rated similar levels of social anxiety across four Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale subscales (fear, avoidance, social, and performance; Liebowitz, 1987). Alternatively, individuals who identified as bisexual, or indicated a write-in sexual orientation rated significantly higher levels of social anxiety than the heterosexual, and lesbian/gay groups. Findings highlight the importance of offering a write-in sexual identity option, as well as looking at differences among group experiences across sexual minorities. Future studies should investigate potential group differences in social anxiety across sexual orientations in larger samples so that comparisons can be made among subgroups of the write-in response group, as well as investigate potential contributors to these group differences.
Effect of reinforcement type on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

The possible reinforcing effects of six different types of filler particles on composites based on the thermoplastic polypropylene have been examined. It is found that significant increases in elastic modulus and tensile strength can be obtained by addition of ≥ 10 percent by volume of glass fibers. Ceramic whiskers, based on alumina and silicon carbide, also lead to increases in modulus but to decreases in strength and ductility. Additional measurements were made with composites prepared from two sizes of spherical glass beads and from carbon spheres. For the glass beads, an increase in modulus was obtained but strength and elongation to fracture decreased. Carbon spheres were ineffective as a reinforcing agent. The possible effects of nonuniform mixing, of size and shape of filler particles, and of surface coatings are discussed.
Future Elementary Teachers: The Neglected Constituency

(1994). Future Elementary Teachers: The Neglected Constituency. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 15-21.
Adaptive management of stream channel maintenance at bridge crossings in the Northern Tier region, Pennsylvania.

: An adaptive management framework is applied to the problem of identifying mitigation measures for sediment deposition near bridge crossings in small streams in the Northern Tier region of northern Pennsylvania. The presence of the rigid bridge infrastructure introduces a challenge for applying adaptive management practices, because the integrity of the bridge structure itself has to be maintained regardless of the mitigation practices used in the stream channel near the bridge. In an effort to overcome the unacceptable risk that field-scale adaptive management experiments present to rigid bridge infrastructure, an adaptive management approach for laboratory-scale experimentation of mitigation methods at bridge crossings in the Northern Tier region is presented as a way to decrease the level of uncertainty about channel response to mitigation measures and increase the rate of learning about the effectiveness of these measures. Four cycles of adaptive management experiments are discussed to demonstrate that this approach results in fast and efficient learning about channel response to mitigation methods for the given conditions. The value of monitoring and of assessment of monitored data in the overall efficiency of the adaptive management approach is highlighted. Assessment of what was learned in the adaptive management experiment cycles presented here leads to new directions to continually improve management policies and practices in stream channels at bridge crossings in the Northern Tier region. The adaptive management process, rather than continuing with a normally risk-averse management approach, results in opportunities for learning new information about a system’s response.
Population equations for quantum systems in contact with dissipation mechanisms

We discuss the construction of population equations for driven quantum systems in contact with dissipation mechanisms in the limit where the strength of the driving force is sufficiently weak that a suitable Born expansion can be carried out in powers of the coupling constant of the coherent interaction. The Zwanzig projector technique and the application of an appropriate eigenfunction-expansion method due to Weidlich lead to an elegant derivation of population equations. If the decay rates of the irreversible processes allow the application of the Markoff approximation, ordinary first-order differential equations for the level populations can be derived. The transition rates are constructed explicitly in terms of the coherent Liouville operator and the Weidlich eigenfunctions.
Clinical classification of bioengineered skin use and its correlation with healing of diabetic and venous ulcers.

Background. Chronic wounds are being treated with bioengineering skin constructs. Yet, there is no standard way of assessing these wounds. We developed a classification system to evaluate wounds after construct application. The classification system evaluates the early clinical effect of bioengineered skin and early construct appearance giving a total score named the skin substitute score. Objective. Apply classification system to both venous and diabetic foot ulcers and determine whether classification system has validity and predictability for healing. Methods. Evaluated serial photographs in 83 and 78 patients with diabetic foot ulcers and in 84 and 83 patients with venous ulcer on Days 7 and 14, respectively, treated with a bilayered bioengineered skin construct. Applied the classification system and determined the percentages of healed patients. Results. There was a significant correlation between better skin substitute score and complete wound closure for both venous ulcers p=0.002 on Day 7 and p=0.01 on Day 14) and diabetic foot ulcers p=0.0005 on Day 7 and p<0.0001 on Day 14). Conclusion. Optimal clinical effect was associated with complete wound closure. As the clinical effect becomes less than optimal continued clinical persistence of the construct becomes important. This classification system seems to have validity in predicting complete wound closure in wounds treated with a bilayered bioengineered skin construct.
Monazite, zircon, and garnet growth in migmatitic pelites as a record of metamorphism and partial melting in the East Humboldt Range, Nevada

Monazite and zircon thermometry and geochronology were applied to anatectic pelites of the northern East Humboldt Range, Nevada. The study area is an exhumed portion of the Sevier orogenic root and is characterized by two crustal blocks with different prograde metamorphic histories: the Winchell Lake nappe and the underlying Lizzies Basin block. U/Th–Pb secondary ion mass spectrometry (SHRIMP) results from zircon and monazite indicate that in the Lizzies Basin block prograde metamorphism began by 96.5 ± 8.0 Ma. Cooling and melt crystallization was initiated by 80.1 ± 1.4 Ma. Possible reheating and a monazite growth event occurred again at 76.2 ± 2.8 to 68.2 ± 2.0 Ma. In the upper limb of the overlying Winchell Lake nappe, prograde metamorphism began by 82.8 ± 1.3 Ma. Cooling and melt crystallization recorded by zircon and monazite growth/recrystallization at 77.4 ± 12.4 to 58.9 ± 3.6 Ma. Melt may have been present in the Winchell Lake nappe upper limb for a protracted period, or may have formed during several unresolved melting events. Thin Eocene–Oligocene (~40–32 Ma) high-Y monazite rims are found in both crustal blocks. These probably represent a phase of heating during Eocene–Oligocene magmatism and extensional deformation. U/Th–Pb geochronology results are consistent with differential burial, heating, and exhumation of different crustal blocks within the East Humboldt Range. Significantly fast exhumation of upper limb rocks of the Winchell Lake nappe and somewhat slower exhumation of Lizzies Basin block rock occurred prior to the “core complex” phase of the exhumation of the Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range metamorphic core complex. Differences in the timing and tectonic significance of exhumation episodes within the East Humboldt Range may reflect how the localized presence of partial melt can affect the evolution of an exhumed orogenic terrane.
Poly A sequences at the 3' termini of rabbit globin mRNAs.

Two eukaryotic mRNAs carry untranslated poly A sequences on the 3′ terminal region, suggesting that they have been conserved during evolution and may play a role in mRNA maturation after transcription.
External Validation of University of California, San Francisco, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score

Objectives In 2005, the University of California, San Francisco, proposed the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (UCSF-CAPRA) score to predict the risk of biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical prostatectomy. This study provides external validation and a modified version of the model using a large cohort of men treated with radical prostatectomy at a high-volume, tertiary referral center. Methods From 1984 to 2006, 6737 men underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution for clinical Stage T1c-T3a prostate cancer with available follow-up information and no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy before BR. The BR-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by UCSF-CAPRA score using the log-rank statistic. Performance of the UCSF-CAPRA was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Harrell's concordance (c) index and compared with the Kattan nomogram. The UCSF-CAPRA score and final pathologic findings were assessed by odds ratios. Results The 5-year BR-free survival rate was 83.1% overall and decreased from 94.4% for men with a UCSF-CAPRA score of 1 or less to 25.8% for those with a score of 7 or more ( P Conclusions The UCSF-CAPRA performed well in this tertiary, referral-based cohort with a c-index similar to that of the Kattan nomogram. It remains an effective prognostic instrument for predicting the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
Use of loteprednol for routine prophylaxis after photorefractive keratectomy.

Background The purpose of this work is to report our experience using loteprednol 0.5% for routine prophylaxis after photorefractive keratectomy in an academic refractive surgery center.
Self-induced-transparency soliton laser

A passive mode-locking technique with an inhomogeneously broadened absorber is described theoretically in a regime in which the duration of the generated pulse is less than the polarization decay time. The possibility of generation of self-induced-transparency solitons directly from the laser oscillator is shown. A new effect, instability due to spectral hole-burning, is discussed. A comparison with experiment is given.
Selective permeation through modified polyvinylidene fluoride membranes

Several sulfones were tested as modifiers in polyvinylidene fluoride-based membranes to improve the selectivity with respect to SO2. An 18 wt.% sulfolene (dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide) membrane was found to give the best separation of SO2 at all the conditions of temperature and pressure studied. The permeability coefficients for SO2 were found to be about four orders of magnitude greater than those for N2, CO, Ar, O2, methane, ethane, ethylene, and 1,3 butadiene; about 3 orders of magnitude greater than for H2; and about two orders of magnitude greater than for CO2. p]In the separation of mixtures of SO2 from N2 and CO2 from H2, best results were obtained at lower temperatures and at higher values of the partial pressures of SO2 and CO2 using an 18 percent sulfolene membrane. A 95.5 vol.% SO2 permeate was obtained for an exhaust gas SO2 concentration of 5.6% in nitrogen with permeate fluxes of about 1 x 10−3 cc (STP)/cm2 sec at 0°C and 315 psia upstream pressure. The best separation of CO2 from H2 gave a permeate composition of 68.0% for an exhaust composition of 42.0% with a permeate flux of about 0.9 x 10−4 cc(STP)/cm2 sec at 0°C and 733 psia upstream pressure. Strong plasticizing effects of the sorbed gases in the membrane were detected which tended to decrease the membrane selectivity with respect to SO2 and CO2.
Cortical stimulation mapping in a patient with foreign accent syndrome: Case report

Abstract Foreign accent syndrome is a rare language output disorder characterized by changes in various speech features leading to a perceived foreign accent. There are few cases reported in the literature. Due to the rarity of this condition, information regarding the functional neuroanatomy of FAS is lacking. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a left anterior parietal lobe breast carcinoma metastasis who developed foreign accent syndrome (FAS). This patient presented to the emergency room with right upper extremity weakness, facial weakness, and altered speech. Neurological examination revealed the patient’s speech to be dysarthric and accented, but otherwise appropriate. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm lesion in the left anterior parietal lobe. The patient underwent craniotomy for resection of the mass. Intra-operative cortical stimulation mapping demonstrated the lesion to be confined to somatosensory cortex and gross total resection was performed. There were no new neurological deficits post-operatively. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of FAS due to breast carcinoma metastasis. Additionally, this is the first documented case of electrocortical function stimulation mapping of language and Rolandic cortex in a patient with FAS.
Human β-nerve growth factor does not crossreact with antibodies to mouse β-nerve growth factor in a two-site radioimmunoassay

The nerve growth factor protein (NGF) isolated from mouse submaxillary gland has been shown to be necessary to the development of vertebrate sensory and sympathetic ganglia. Also, wide ranging alterations in the levels of NGF in the peripheral circulation of humans suffering from a variety of neuropathies have been reported. Many of these reports relied on the use of antibodies directed to the mouse β-NGF subunit for their quantitation of human NGF antigen. We report here on the lack of crossreaction between antibodies directed to mouse β-NGF and its human counterpart isolated from placenta at term.
Stage-Specific Repression by the EKLF Transcriptional Activator

Dynamic changes in transcription factor function can be mediated by switching its interaction with coactivators and corepressors. Erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) is an erythroid cell-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in β-globin gene activation via its interactions with CBP/p300 and SWI/SNF proteins. Unexpectedly, it also interacts with Sin3A and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) corepressors via its zinc finger domain. We now find that selected point mutants can uncouple activation and repression and that an intact finger structure is not required for interactions with Sin3A/HDAC1 or for transrepression. Most intriguingly, EKLF repression exhibits stage specificity, with reversible EKLF-Sin3A interactions playing a key role in this process. Finally, we have located a key lysine residue that is both a substrate for CBP acetylation and required for Sin3A interaction. These data suggest a model whereby the stage of the erythroid cell alters the acetylation status of EKLF and plays a critical role in directing its coactivator-corepressor interactions and downstream transcriptional effects.
Measuring the Impact of NextGen Operating Concepts for Separation Assurance on Pilot Situation Awareness and Workload

We determined the effect of NextGen concepts of operation for separation assurance on pilot situation awareness and workload using an online probe technique. We also evaluated the probe technique for sensitivity, diagnosticity, and validity with respect to different NextGen separation assurance operating concepts. These concepts allocated responsibility for conflict detection and resolution to either pilots, air traffic controllers, or an automated, ground-based, conflict detection and resolution agent. Probe queries were developed to fit in 1 of 3 categories: traffic conflicts, aircraft or airspace status, or commands and communications. We determined that pilot situation awareness of conflict information was highest when the pilot was responsible for separation assurance; workload was minimally affected. Moreover, the changes in pilot awareness of task-specific information can be determined using this online probe technique. Evidence for the reliability and validity of our probe technique is also provided.
Collaboration of Teacher Education and Child Disability Health Care: Transdisciplinary Approach to Inclusive Practice for Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers

The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaborative efforts between an Early Childhood Teacher Education Program and a Child Disability Health Care Program to incorporate a transdisciplinary model in the preparation of early childhood teachers in inclusive practice. Recent studies suggest essential components of teacher preparation in early childhood inclusion include: helping students construct a positive image of inclusive practice, incorporating a family-centered approach, and collaborating and relationship building across disciplines (Campbell et al. 2003; Pretti-Frontczak et al. 2002 and Able-Boone et al. 2002). In this paper, we describe the collaboration between the University of Michigan-Dearborn Early Childhood Teacher Education Program and Oakwood Health Care Center for Exceptional Families to co-teach and mentor early childhood pre-service teachers as they create a family-centered event for children with disabilities and their typically developing peers in a natural environment. Researchers analyze student reflection papers about the family-centered event for evidence of new learning about child disability and inclusive practice. The reflections demonstrate the power of the students’ active role in creating and implementing family-centered activities in a collaborative context. Other key reflective components include rewards and challenges in creating inclusive contexts, integral role of families in supporting child relationships in natural settings, and collaboration and teaming.
Performance evaluation for volumetric segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions using MATLAB and computing engine in the graphical processing unit (GPU)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease affecting myelin pathways in the brain. Multiple lesions in the white matter can cause paralysis and severe motor disabilities of the affected patient. To solve the issue of inconsistency and user-dependency in manual lesion measurement of MRI, we have proposed a 3-D automated lesion quantification algorithm to enable objective and efficient lesion volume tracking. The computer-aided detection (CAD) of MS, written in MATLAB, utilizes K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) method to compute the probability of lesions on a per-voxel basis. Despite the highly optimized algorithm of imaging processing that is used in CAD development, MS CAD integration and evaluation in clinical workflow is technically challenging due to the requirement of high computation rates and memory bandwidth in the recursive nature of the algorithm. In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of using a computing engine in the graphical processing unit (GPU) with MATLAB for segmentation of MS lesions. The paper investigates the utilization of a high-end GPU for parallel computing of KNN in the MATLAB environment to improve algorithm performance. The integration is accomplished using NVIDIA's CUDA developmental toolkit for MATLAB. The results of this study will validate the practicality and effectiveness of the prototype MS CAD in a clinical setting. The GPU method may allow MS CAD to rapidly integrate in an electronic patient record or any disease-centric health care system.
Formation and characterization of the photochemically interconvertible side-on and end-on bonded dioxygen-iron dioxide complexes in solid argon.

Two interconvertible iron dioxide−dioxygen complexes were prepared and characterized by matrix isolation infrared absorption spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations. Iron atoms react with O2 to form the inserted FeO2 molecule in solid argon only upon UV−visible light irradiation. Annealing allows the dioxygen molecules to diffuse and to react with FeO2 and form the side-on and end-on bonded dioxygen−iron dioxide complexes, (η2-O2)FeO2 and (η1-O2)FeO2. The side-on bonded structure is a peroxide complex having a singlet ground state with a nonplanar C2v symmetry. The end-on bonded isomer is characterized to be a superoxide complex with a planar 3A‘ ‘ ground state. These two isomers are photoreversible, that is, near-infrared light (λ > 850 nm) induces the conversion of the side-on bonded (η2-O2)FeO2 complex to the end-on bonded (η1-O2)FeO2 isomer and vice versa with red light irradiation (λ > 600 nm).
The dielectric constant of amorphous semiconductors

Abstract The electronic polarizability of an amorphous semiconductor is calculated. It is suggested that the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, which has been observed, is caused by the temperature dependence of the energy gap.
A Network of SCOP Hidden Markov Models and Its Analysis

The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database uses a large number of hidden Markov models (HMMs) to represent families and superfamilies composed of proteins that presumably share the same evolutionary origin. However, how the HMMs are related to one another has not been examined before. In this work, taking into account the processes used to build the HMMs, we propose a working hypothesis to examine the relationships between HMMs and the families and superfamilies that they represent. Specifically, we perform an all-against-all HMM comparison using the HHsearch program (similar to BLAST) and construct a network where the nodes are HMMs and the edges connect similar HMMs. We hypothesize that the HMMs in a connected component belong to the same family or superfamily more often than expected under a random network connection model. Results show a pattern consistent with this working hypothesis. Moreover, the HMM network possesses features distinctly different from the previously documented biological networks, exemplified by the exceptionally high clustering coefficient and the large number of connected components. The current finding may provide guidance in devising computational methods to reduce the degree of overlaps between the HMMs representing the same superfamilies, which may in turn enable more efficient large-scale sequence searches against the database of HMMs.
Are Pedicle Screws Dangerous

Performing each step is crucial to a high rate of accuracy, and this begins with preoperative assessment of the pedicle anatomy. At a minimum, plain radiographs are reviewed to determine the morphology of the pedicle, and advanced imaging such as computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging can also be of value. Meticulous exposure of the spine to identify all useable landmarks is performed. This is typically out to the tips of the transverse processes (TP), although in the lumbar spine the base of the TP may be adequate if not performing an intertransverse fusion. In the thoracic region, a portion of the inferior articular processes are removed (inferior facetectomy) to expose the superior articular process (SAP), which is an important landmark mediolaterally. This also loosens the spine for deformity correction, decorticates for the fusion, and allows collection of autograft, accomplishing 4 goals in 1 step. Given the difference in anatomy and entry points, the
NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA, SCHIFF.: Order Lepidoptera. Family Pyralidina

This is one of the most common insects that flies throughout the summer months. It is also widely distributed; adults have been taken in widely separated parts of Europe, in Algeria, Caffaria, Bengal, Pondicherry, Brazil, and in the eastern and western parts of the United States. Packard writes of the species thus:-“Such cosmopolitan forms give rise to the suspicion that they are relics of a past geologic age, which is borne out by the fact that quite a gap separates it from its nearest allies.”
A Fast Simulator to Model Complex Tendon-Bone Interactions: Application to the Tendinous Networks Controlling the Fingers

Forces generated by the muscles actuating the fingers are transmitted through a complex network of tendons. Current models of the hand either ignore or simplify the structure of these networks [1]. It has been shown that the deformable nature of these tendinous networks results in a nonlinear transformation of muscle forces [2]. Our long-term objective is to understand how the topology of this network affects the control of finger force and motion. To achieve this, we will use a machine learning approach to evolve models of this network that can best replicate experimental results [3]. Here we present an anatomically realistic solver developed to model mechanical force transmission by a network of tendons in the human fingers. While most existing solvers neglect mechanics of tendon networks, there has been recent work on dynamic simulators accounting for tendon-bone interactions [4]. The solver we present here advances work in this field by being able to simulate mechanics of complex networks wrapped on arbitrarily shaped objects (like bones), and can be effectively used to model isometric force production in complex biomechanical systems. Its speed makes it an ideal simulation engine for the evolutionary algorithms we use to infer complex anatomical structures from sparse experimentation [3].Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Psychometric Analysis of a Scale Assessing Self-Efficacy for Cultural Competence in Patient Counseling

Background:The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education adopted revised accreditation standards and guidelines for the PharmD degree program in January 2006. The revised standards mandate the inclusion of cultural competence in pharmacy curricula. Assessment tools to evaluate the impact of training are needed.Objective:To examine the psychometric properties of a 12 item scale designed to estimate the impact of cultural competence training on pharmacy students' self-efficacy in providing culturally appropriate patient care.Methods:A 12 item scale to assess the impact of an elective course on pharmacy students' (N = 175; 173 analyzable) perceived self-efficacy in providing culturally competent patient care was used before and after students completed the training. Principal components analysis was conducted to examine the underlying structure of the scale, and the Cronbach α statistic was computed as an estimate of internal consistency. Pre- versus posttraining responses for each item and for the total ...
Active shape and depth extraction from shadow images

We present a recursive estimation scheme for determining surface shape and depth. This technique relies on the control over the way in which shadows are cast in scenes, through variation of the position of illuminant. The estimation process is based on the iterated extended Kalman filter, with a near-optimal control of the movement of the light source to reduce the sensitivity of the state estimate to the sensory noise. >
A review of electrostatic discharge (ESD) in advanced semiconductor technology

Abstract Electrostatic discharge protection in semiconductors have undergone both revolutionary and evolutionary changes to maintain pace with the rapidly scaling and changing environment of advanced semiconductor technologies. As a result, it is an area of continuous discovery in both semiconductor development, and design. ESD phenomenon remains a research and development arena for new innovation, invention, and initiatives. In this paper, an introduction to electrostatic discharge protection in semiconductors will be reviewed.
Regulation of Chromosome Replication

▪ Abstract The initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is tightly controlled to ensure that the genome is faithfully duplicated once each cell cycle. Genetic and biochemical studies in se...
Seasonal Abundance and Spatial Distribution of the Leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and its Parasitoid, Opius dissitus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on Bean in Southern Florida

ABSTRACT Seasonal population densities of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and its parasitoid Opius dissitus (Muesebeck) were studied at 3 snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sites in south Florida from 2010 to 2011. L. trifolii population density presented a seasonal preference, and was significantly abundant during Dec 2010 (17.9 ± 1.5 adults per 5 leaves) and Jan 2011 (30.3 ± 2.7 adults per 5 leaves) when the temperature was relatively low (∼ 3 °C). Its parasitoid, O. dissitus showed a pattern of population density similar to L. trifolii, and was abundant during December 2010 (4.5 ± 0.45 adults per 5 leaves) and January 2011 (5.4 ± 0.73 adults per 5 leaves). A direct density dependent relationship was found between O. dissitus parasitism and L. trifolii. Spatial distribution patterns of L. trifolii and O. dissitus were evaluated at these 3 bean sites. Both L. trifolii and O. dissitus showed an aggregated (clumped) distribution pattern when their densities were high during Dec 2010 to Jan 2011, but a regular (un...
Instability in a grassland community after the control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) with prescribed burning

Abstract An open grassland at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Sonoma County, CA, was burned during three consecutive summers (1993–1995) to control yellow starthistle. By 1996, the yellow starthistle seedbank, seedling density, and mature vegetative cover were reduced by 99, 99, and 91%, respectively, and the plant community had greater diversity and species richness, particularly of native forbs. After the cessation of the prescribed burning after 1995, the community was monitored for 4 yr to determine if the reduced yellow starthistle population represented a stable state or if the population would quickly recover. The yellow starthistle seedbank rose dramatically over 4 yr. Seedling counts and summer vegetative cover also rose, though less rapidly. Total forb cover, particularly native species, total plant cover, and plant diversity decreased significantly after cessation of the burning. Grass cover did not show any strong trends, and year-to-year variation in the grass cover appeared to be more important ...
Observation of Pd-like resonance lines through Pt 32+ and Zn-like resonance lines of Er 38+ and Hf 42+

Spectra of highly ionized Er, Yb, Hf, W, and Pt were observed by injecting these elements into the plasma of the TEXT tokamak. Resonance lines of the 4d10–4d94f transition array in the Pd i isoelectronic sequence were identified by comparison with plots of observed-minus-calculated transition energies. These plots were based on data previously known through Ho21+. They were fitted to low-order polynomials that permitted accurate predictions of wavelengths to Bi37+. In addition, resonance lines of Zn-like Er38+ and Hf42+ were observed.