cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Negative Affect and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptomatology on Agressive Behavior

The current study examined whether individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology would vary in their aggressive behavior following mood induction. One hundred and eighty-four males and females were randomly assigned to a neutral, sad, or anger mood induction. Following mood induction, individuals participated in an aggression paradigm disguised as a competitive reaction-time task wherein they were free to administer or refrain from administering shocks to an ostensible opponent. Results indicated that there were no main effects of gender, BPD symptomatology, or condition on aggressive behavior. Explication of a three-way interaction among BPD, gender, and condition revealed that when experiencing negative affect (anger or sadness), females endorsing higher levels of BPD symptomatology were less physically aggressive than their low BPD symptomatology counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to emotion regulation.
Preclinical evaluation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor: Pharmacokinetics and safety studies

To assess the pharmacodynamics and safety of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI) isolated from pooled human plasma, a series of animal studies was conducted. Using both unlabeled and 125I-labeled A1PI (highly purified), plasma residence time and tissue distribution were determined in rabbits. A catabolic half-life of 48.5 hours was obtained for the labeled material, which agreed well with the antigenic decay (35.5 hours), measured with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the functional activity decay (38.1 hours), measured antigenically by the ability of resident human A1PI to complex with human neutrophil elastase. No unusual tissue distribution was observed at the first, 24th, or 168th hour of sacrifice. Cynomolgous monkeys received infusions of labeled A1PI and a catabolic half-life of 55.45 hours was obtained; infusion of unlabeled material yielded anticipated plasma recovery and a significant increment in A1PI in bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid, both antigenically and functionally determined. Safety studies assessing acute physiologic response and both acute and subacute toxicity presented no significant adverse effects. We conclude that A1PI (human) presents normal pharmacodynamics and safety and is therefore associated with a wide margin of safety for the intended clinical applications.
Tic-related vs. non-tic-related obsessive compulsive disorder

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition characterized by an array of intrusive, upsetting thoughts and interfering, repetitive behaviors. Some forms of OCD may be etiologically related to Tourette's syndrome (TS). This cross-sectional study examines a range of obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms which have been hypothesized to distinguish tic-related OCD from non-tic-related OCD. One hundred and seventy-seven patients with a primary DSM-IIIR diagnosis of OCD, aged 16 to 72, participated in the study. Patients with tic-related OCD (n = 56) reported more OC symptoms, including more aggressive, religious, and sexual obsessions as well as checking, counting, ordering, touching, and hoarding compulsions than did patients with non-tic-related OCD (n = 121). Contrary to our expectation, these two groups of OCD patients did not differ with regard to the presence of “just right” phenomena or symptoms of psychasthenia. “just right” phenomena and symptoms of psychasthenia, however, were both found to be associated with the current severity of OC symptoms. Anxiety 1:208–215 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wley-Liss, Inc.
Particle flux and energy distributions in electron beam-produced ion-ion plasmas

Summary form only given. Ion-ion plasmas are thought to prevent device damage and isotropic etch profiles resulting from localized surface charging in conventional electron-ion plasma processing. The advantage of ion-ion plasmas is derived from the ability to deliver anisotropic fluxes of both positive and negative ions to the substrate surface. We present the results of experiments aimed at forming electron beam-generated ion-ion plasmas. Temporally resolved ion flux and energy distributions are reported for pulsed plasmas produced in Ar/SF/sub 6/ mixtures. Positive and negative ions were extracted from the plasma by applying a low frequency, low voltage, square wave bias to an electrode located adjacent to the plasma. Supporting Langmuir probe and microwave absorption measurements are also reported to give a more complete description of the ion-ion character in these plasmas. The results are compared to those from electron-ion plasmas produced by the same high-energy electron beam in non-halogen gases. The appropriate gas phase kinetics are discussed as well as the experimental requirements needed to produce ion-ion plasmas.
Self-healing hydrogels containing reversible oxime crosslinks

Self-healing oxime-functional hydrogels have been developed that undergo a reversible gel-to-sol transition via oxime exchange under acidic conditions. Keto-functional copolymers were prepared by conventional radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and diacetone acrylamide (DAA). The resulting water soluble copolymers (P(DMA-stat-DAA)) were chemically crosslinked with difunctional alkoxyamines to obtain hydrogels via oxime formation. Gel-to-sol transitions were induced by the addition of excess monofunctional alkoxyamines to promote competitive oxime exchange under acidic conditions at 25 °C. The hydrogel could autonomously heal after it was damaged due to the dynamic nature of the oxime crosslinks. In addition to their chemo-responsive behavior, the P(DMA-stat-DAA) copolymers exhibit cloud points which vary with the DAA content in the copolymers. This thermo-responsive behavior of the P(DMA-stat-DAA) was utilized to form physical hydrogels above their cloud point. Therefore, these materials can either form dynamic-covalent or physically-crosslinked gels, both of which demonstrate reversible gelation behavior.
Recurrent giant-cell tumor presenting as a soft-tissue mass. A report of four cases.

Giant-cell tumor of bone is a benign, locally invasive tumor that has been associated with a rate of local recurrence of 27 percent (forty-one of 151) after intralesional excision and 8 percent (ten of 122) after marginal excision1. The high rate of local recurrence and the occasional development of pulmonary metastasis are manifestations of the locally invasive nature of the tumor4-6,8,9,11,12. A peripheral rim of ossification has been described as an almost pathognomonic sign of a soft-tissue recurrence2,3,11. However, a soft-tissue recurrence can be difficult to detect, especially when the recurrent lesion is asymptomatic and is not associated with the characteristic ossification. We report on four patients who had an isolated soft-tissue recurrence of a giant-cell tumor of bone. Although a radiodense peripheral rim of ossification is thought to be pathognomonic of a soft-tissue recurrence of giant-cell tumor, this finding was not apparent on the plain radiographs of any of these patients. In each case, a soft-tissue mass was palpable on physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a soft-tissue mass with a heterogeneous signal pattern. The purpose of this report is to emphasize that a soft-tissue recurrence may not be recognized if a thorough physical examination is not performed and magnetic resonance imaging studies are not carried out. CASE 1. A forty-two-year-old woman was seen by us because of a rapidly enlarging soft-tissue mass in the posteromedial aspect of the proximal part of the right calf. Twenty-six months previously, the patient had been managed with curettage and bone-grafting because of a giant-cell tumor of the proximal aspect of the right tibia. Six months after the initial treatment, the patient had a recurrence of the giant-cell tumor and was …
Using Personalized Education to Take the Place of Standardized Education.

Economic model has been greatly shifted from labor demanding to innovation demanding, which requires education system has to produce creative people. This paper illustrates how traditional education model accrued and developed based on satisfying the old economic model for labor demanding but did not meet the new social requirement for innovation demanding. Also, this paper illustrates how U.S. education reform movement turns into standardization movement that has been trapped by traditional education concept, for example, this standardization movement aims to produce great test takers, but fails to produce creative people with critical thinking skill. As well as this paper discusses how personalized education has been mentioned by Dr. Yong Zhao as a new model that focuses on exploring students’ personal potential of innovation, which means personalized education is able to better adapt the modern society for innovation demanding, and it should take the place of standardized education.
Does religiosity affect health risk behaviors in pregnant and postpartum women

Objectives We examined the association between religious involvement and health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking, marijuana use, and having multiple sex partners among a multiethnic sample of pregnant and postpartum women. Methods Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, we estimated multivariate logistic regression models to determine the association between various aspects of religious involvement (e.g., attendance, salience, and denomination) and certain behaviors known to be risky for pregnant women and their offspring. Results Frequent (more than once a week) and regular (once a week) attenders at religious services had 80% and 60% (respectively) lower odds of drinking alcohol compared to women who attended less than once a week. Similar patterns surfaced with regard to smoking tobacco with the odds of smoking roughly 85% lower (OR = 0.146, P < 0.001) among frequent attenders, and nearly 65% lower among regular attenders (OR = 0.369, P < 0.001). For smoking marijuana, religious attendance again emerges as a strong predictor. The odds of marijuana smoking are nearly 75% lower for women who attend services frequently (OR = 0.260, P < 0.05) and more than 65% lower for those who attend regularly (OR = 0.343, P < 0.01), as compared with their counterparts who attend services less often. Conclusions Religious attendance emerged as an important correlate of less-risky health behaviors among this nationwide sample of pregnant and postpartum women. Future research should include an examination of the links between religious involvement and other important lifestyle factors that may influence maternal and child health.
TWO KINDS OF BOSONS AND BOSE CONDENSATES.

This paper deals with ordinary material systems whose elementary constitutents are fermions. It is pointed out that in such systems there can occur two kinds of bosons with quite different physical and mathematical characteristics. Type I bosons are bound complexes of an even number of fermions (such as $^{4}\mathrm{He}$); and type II bosons are elementary excitations which are bound complexes of fermions and their holes (such as excitons). When the first type condenses, a superfluid state results with so-called off-diagonal, long-range order; while when the second type condenses, there is no superfluidity, but a change in spatial order. Thus both kinds of long-range order are related to Bose condensation.
Development of an automatic, two‐dimensional finite element mesh generator using quadrilateral elements and Bezier curve boundary definition

This paper describes the development of an automatic, two-dimensional, quadrilateral element mesh generator. The methodology is based on the looping algorithm developed in part by Dr M. L. C. Sluiter. Bezier curves are used to define the boundaries of the parts to be meshed. The required interaction by the user is reduced to specifying the boundary geometry, the preferred element size and the refinement coefficient. Transition elements are automatically generated between regions of varying element sizes. The ability to offset specified boundary curves insures well-conditioned elements along the boundary. Meshes for several sample geometries are presented to illustrate the versatility of the mesh generator.
The zeaxanthin biosynthesis enzyme β-carotene hydroxylase is involved in myxoxanthophyll synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Beta-carotene hydroxylase is known to be involved in zeaxanthin synthesis. Disruption of the crtR gene encoding beta-carotene hydroxylase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 resulted in the absence of both zeaxanthin synthesis and myxoxanthophyll accumulation in the mutant strain. A new carotenoid was detected in this strain. Its chemical structure was close to that of myxoxanthophyll, but the hydroxyl group on the beta-ring was lacking. This compound, deoxy-myxoxanthophyll, most likely is an intermediate in the myxoxanthophyll biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, beta-carotene hydroxylase is involved not only in zeaxanthin synthesis but also in myxoxanthophyll synthesis in Synechocystis. Furthermore, myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis was found to have a higher molecular mass than what was determined in other species. This difference is likely to be due to a difference in the sugar moiety.
An assessment of the utility of the resting apex cardiogram in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease

Abstract Resting apex cardiograms were recorded on a direct-writing electrocardiograph from 208 randomly selected members of an adult retirement community, in an attempt to evaluate the clinical significance and specificity of abnormalities of the end-diastolic ventricular filling wave. Prominent end-diastolic A waves were found to be associated equally with clinically apparent hypertension, coronary heart disease, electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiomegaly, valvular heart disease, and congestive heart failure. Conversely, the great proportion of individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease demonstrated A waves of lesser magnitude. Those differences are not significant in men, and it is suggested that this may be due to a greater proportion of latent cardiovascular disease in men. Age was not associated with an increase in mean A values. The above data are consistent with hypotheses which relate this type of apex cardiographic abnormality to an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, the result either of decreased myocardial compliance or of an increased ventricular end-diastolic volume. These, in turn, are most frequently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, or left ventricular failure. The lack of precise correlation with orthodox criteria is noted and felt to be consistent with the proposed mechanism underlying these abnormal apex cardiographic changes. As discussed, one would not necessarily expect evidence of prior cardiovascular disease to be associated with an alteration in myocardial function at a given moment. Moreover, the absence of overt clinical disease does not preclude the finding of a functional disturbance. Abnormalities in either area, clinical or apex cardiographic, are indirect representations of a more fundamental, common physiologic disturbance (e.g., ischemia, hypertrophy), and one may be manifest independent of the other. In any consideration of the utility of the resting apex cardiogram as a screening test for cardiovascular disease, one must remain cognizant of the function to be tested and of the uncertain relation of such a function to more established criteria. In this case, the enddiastolic A wave abnormality may reflect a variety of pathophysiologic disturbances. The prognostic significance of these apex cardiographic abnormalities remains to be determined.
Thermocapillary-driven convection in supported and floating-zone crystallization

Marangoni flow was induced in a thin disk of molten tin with an atomically clean surface by heating it from below in an ultra high vacuum apparatus. The radial distribution of temperature was measured and no temperature oscillations were observed. Strong mechanical disturbances introduced at a Marangoni number of about 4300 died out quickly with time indicating that the system was stable. Mathematical models indicate that strong flows in a two cell structure exist under the conditions studied, and that the velocity profile in the cell near the surface is of the boundary layer type which varies rapidly with depth.
Plasma diffusion in a toroidal stellarator

Particle trajectories in a gently toroidal stellarator are investigated. The distribution function for the particles is determined in the absence of collisions.
Flash Chromatography: A Novel Pressurization Apparatus

An inexpensive and safe alternative apparatus to pressurize a flash chromatography column is reported. This simple setup utilizes a blood pressure bulb to address the pressurized glassware safety concern of flash chromatography, provide a suitable method applicable in both teaching and research laboratories, and offer a water-saving alternative to widely used aspirator methods.
Induction of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Modulation of Androgen Receptor by ETS Variant 1/ETS-Related Protein 81

ETS variant 1 (ETV1), also known as ETS-related protein 81, is overexpressed in prostate tumors, but whether and how this transcription factor affects tumorigenesis has remained elusive. Here, we show that ETV1 is primarily overexpressed in the most aggressive human prostate tumors. Transgenic ETV1 mice developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia as well as hyperplasia/neoplasia in seminal vesicles. Moreover, ETV1 cooperated with the androgen receptor (AR) to bind to the prostate-specific antigen enhancer and stimulate gene transcription. Consistent with its ability to physically interact with AR, ETV1 rendered an ETV1 binding site-driven reporter androgen inducible, and, on the other hand, ETV1 super-induced transcription from an AR binding site on androgen stimulation. In conclusion, our study substantiates that ETV1 overexpression is an underlying cause in the development of prostate and possibly also seminal vesicle cancer. Its interaction with and activation of AR provides a molecular mechanism on how ETV1 exerts its deleterious function. Thus, inhibiting ETV1 or blocking its interaction with AR may represent novel strategies in prostate cancer therapy.
Cleavage of benzylaryl ethers in the presence of zinc halides

Ether groups constitute one of the primary linkages between aromatic centers present in coal. During the liquefaction of coal under the influence of zinc halides, it is believed that these linkages are cleaved. The details of this process have been studied in the present investigation using benzylphenyl ether (BPE), benzyl-p-tolyl ether (BTE), and benzyl-l-naphthyl ether (BNE) to represent the ether structures present in coal. ZnCl/sub 2/ and ZnBr/sub 2/ were used as catalysts. ZnCl/sub 2/ was found to be catalytically inactive. However, in the presence of HCl it forms a stable adduct which is highly active. HBr/ZnBr/sub 2/ behaves in a manner analogous to HCl/ZnCl/sub 2/ but is tenfold more active. All three ethers react in a similar fashion. In each case cleavage occurs at the oxygen-methylene bond and is accompanied by a small degree of ether rearrangement to form the corresponding hydroxydiarylmethane. The reaction kinetics for BPE, BTE, and BNE can be described in terms of a carbocation mechanism. Rate coefficients for each of the elementary steps have been determined by simulation of the experimentally observed product concentration versus time profiles.
Factors associated with attendance in 12-step groups (Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous) among adults with alcohol problems living with HIV/AIDS

Background: Despite the value of 12-step meetings, few studies have examined factors associated with attendance among those living with HIV/AIDS, such as the impact of HIV disease severity and demographics. Objective. This study examines predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need on attendance at Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings among those living with HIV/AIDS and alcohol problems. Methods: Secondary analysis of prospective data from the HIV-Longitudinal Interrelationships of Viruses and Ethanol study, a cohort of 400 adults living with HIV/AIDS and alcohol problems. Factors associated with AA/NA attendance were identified using the Anderson model for vulnerable populations. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were fit to identify factors associated with self-reported AA/NA attendance. Results: At study entry, subjects were 75% male, 12% met diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence, 43% had drug dependence and 56% reported attending one or more AA/NA meetings (past 6 months). In the adjusted model, female gender negatively associated with attendance, as were social support systems that use alcohol and/or drugs, while presence of HCV antibody, drug dependence diagnosis, and homelessness associated with higher odds of attendance. Conclusions: Non-substance abuse related barriers to AA/NA group attendance exist for those living with HIV/AIDS, including females and social support systems that use alcohol and/or drugs. Positive associations of homelessness, HCV infection and current drug dependence were identified. These findings provide implications for policy makers and treatment professionals who wish to encourage attendance at 12-step meetings for those living with HIV/AIDS and alcohol or other substance use problems.
Reply to Mackenzie: A comparison of Neu5Gc and α-gal xenoantigens

We appreciate the thoughtful comments of K. J. Mackenzie (1) regarding our findings, concerning how a red meat-derived glycan can promote inflammation and cancer progression (2). At first glance, there do indeed appear to be very close similarities between the nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) antigen we are describing and the well-known nonhuman “α-Gal” antigen (Galα1-3Galβ1-3/4GlcNAcβ1-R), which is also present in red meat, and can account for allergic reactions to such foods (3). However, there are also significant differences (see table 1 in ref. 4) that make the metabolic details and outcomes of the respective immune responses dissimilar. Although both glycans are foreign antigens that can be processed in the gut and against which humans have circulating antibodies, the released α-gal would become free galactose, which then cannot be reconverted back into α-gal within human cells (because of the human genetic lack of the appropriate α-galactosyltransferase). Therefore, the antibody response against α-gal should remain targeted only against foreign meat glycoconjugates themselves, resulting in a classic allergic reaction. In contrast, the Neu5Gc remains unchanged, can be taken up by human cells, metabolically incorporated by the endogenous biochemical machinery, and presented on human cell surfaces as if biosynthesized in the very same cell (5). Thus, endogenous glycoconjugate-bound Neu5Gc becomes a true xeno-autoantigen, and the xeno-autoantibody response is directed against human cells that have incorporated this molecule (5). Finally, whereas intratumoral injections of α-gal–containing glycolipids have been tried for conversion of human tumors into autologous vaccines (6), we are not aware of any evidence for direct incorporation of diet-derived intact α-gal glycoconjugates into human tumors in vivo. Given these considerations, α-gal antibodies are more likely to be involved in allergic reactions or associated with rejection of xenografts, and probably not related to the chronic inflammation associated with malignancies. However, further studies are needed to be certain, and also to ask if there are other examples of in vivo conversion of dietary xeno-antigens into xeno-autoantigens, besides Neu5Gc.
Investigation of framework and cation substitutions in Keggin-type heteropoly acids probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and tunneling spectroscopy

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spatially resolved tunneling spectroscopy were used to characterize surface arrays of heteropoly acids (HPAs) of the Keggin structural class. STM images revealed that these discrete oxide anions formed single, ordered monolayers on inert graphite surfaces, with lattice spacings of ∼11 A, which is the characteristic dimension of the Keggin anion. However, increases in the lattice constants were observed in the STM images upon the substitution of the protons in H3PMo12O40 with larger counter cations such as Cs and K. This finding is consistent with those observed for bulk crystals of these salts. Substitution of metal ions in the Keggin ion framework (such as the replacement of Mo with W, or vice versa), led to insignificant variations in the lattice constants of the surface arrays. Tunneling spectroscopy measurements on discrete polyanions in the STM images revealed that the HPAs (both cation-exchanged and framework-substituted) exhibited current peaks in their respe...
Convergence in Distribution of Products of Random Matrices

We consider a sequence A 2, A 2, ... of i.i.d. nonnegative matrices of size d × d, and investigate convergence in distribution of the product M n: =A 1 ... A n. When d≧2 it is possible for M n to converge in distribution (without normalization) to a distribution not concentrated on the zero matrix. Several equivalent conditions for this to happen are given. These lead to a fairly general family of examples. These conditions can also be used to determine when the a.s. limit of 1/nlog∥M n ∥ equals the logarithm of the largest eigenvalue of E(A 1).
Spiral waves over metal catalysts.

Selection formulas for the wavelength and frequency of uniformly rotating spiral waves are derived for the general class of three-variable models of single-diffusive excitable-oscillatory media and applied to make quantitative predictions that could be experimentally tested for the model proposed by Sales, Turner, and Maple [Surf. Sci. 114, 381 (1982)] to describe the oscillatory oxidation of CO over polycrystalline metal catalysts.
Inter-relationship of hallucinations and dreams in spontaneously hallucinating patients.

Inter-relationship of hallucinations and dreams, the psychological function of dreaming and hallucinating, and their possible equivalence are considered in terms of psychoanalytic theory. Seven patients from the wards of a large city psychiatric hospital were interviewed in order to elicit their experience of hallucinations contrasted with their dream experience. Five had spontaneous auditory and visual hallucinations; one somaesthetic; in one the hallucinations were amphetamine-induced. All hallucinators recalled dreams with varying degrees of vividness. Four reported being awakened by their hallucinations as exteroceptive stimuli. Only one, the chronic amphetamine abuser, indicated that his hallucinations had entered his dreams: He had paranoid dreams akin to a continuation of an amphetamine trip.
Similar CD19 dysregulation in two autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases suggests a shared mechanism of B-cell tolerance loss.

: We report here that dysregulation of CD19, a coreceptor that augments B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, occurs at two B-cell differentiative stages in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) associated small vessel vasculitis (SVV). The naive B cells of nearly all SLE and ANCA-SVV patients express approximately 20% less CD19 than healthy control (HC) B cells. In contrast, a subset of memory B cells of some SLE and ANCA-SVV Pts (25-35%) express two to fourfold more CD19 than HC B cells. These CD19(hi) memory B cells are activated and exhibit evidence of antigen selection. Proteome array analysis of 67 autoantigens indicates that CD19(hi) SLE Pts exhibit a distinct autoantibody profile characterized by high levels of antibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and low levels of antiglomerular autoantibodies. These findings have implications for autoreactive B-cell activation and suggest a shared mechanism of B-cell tolerance loss in these two diseases.
Improved operative exposure of infrapopliteal vessels in combined vascular and orthopedic injuries

In a series of six patients, a single-bar anterior external fixator was used to treat combined vascular and orthopedic injuries of the leg. This method of external fixation facilitated operative vascular exposure without sacrificing bony stability or alignment. It may be the preferred method of external fixation for these complex injuries.
World War II Fiscal Policies and the End of the Great Depression

The United States economy completed its recovery from the Great Depression in 1942, restoring full-employment output in that year after 12 years of below-full-employment performance. Fiscal policies were not the most important factor in the 1933 through 1940 phase of the recovery, but they became the most important factor after 1940, when the recovery was less than half-complete. World War II fiscal policies were, then, instrumental in the overall restoration of full-employment performance.
Investigation on the utility of permanent maxillary molar cusp areas for sex estimation

Digital photogrammetric methods were employed to assess the level of sexual dimorphism present in permanent maxillary molar cusp areas of black South Africans (130 males, 105 females). Odontometric standards were then developed for diagnosing sex, based on the cusp area data derived for these teeth. Results demonstrated that all cusp area measurements of both the first and second maxillary molars were significantly dimorphic (P < 0.0001) in this group. Univariate and multivariate discriminant function analyses yielded overall sex prediction accuracy rates between 59.6 and 74.5%. Comparable allocation results were also obtained for binary logistic regression analyses, but with larger classification sex biases. The highest classification accuracies were observed for different combinations of just two cusp areas for the first molar. Allocation rates of formulae derived for second molar dimensions were on average 4.3% lower than those obtained for the first molar. Analyses incorporating cusp areas of both maxillary molars did not improve classification accuracies achieved when only using first molar measurements. The classification rates are below the suggested minimum accuracy of 75–80% for reliable forensic application of a method; however, the derived formulae may provide a useful statistical indication as to the sex of fragmentary remains in which complete or even partial tooth crowns are the only materials available for examination. Furthermore, the formulae can be applied not only to adults but also to subadults (above the age of 3 years) in which the more accurate sex discriminating features of the pelvis and skull are yet to develop.
Primary pyomyositis caused by ca-MRSA

A 22-year-old male with sickle-cell trait presented with a 1-week history of progressive pain and swelling in his left posterior thigh. He denied any trauma, fever, travel outside of the United States, or intravenous drug usage. On examination, he was afebrile at 36.8 °C (98.3 °F) with stable vital signs. His examination was significant for exquisite tenderness, erythema, induration, and swelling of the posterior thigh (Fig. 1). A computed tomography scan of the extremity was obtained that showed a 5.5 cm × 4.4 cm × 20-cm fluid collection within the biceps femoris muscle (Fig. 2). The patient underwent open drainage of the abscess and was placed on linezolid. Wound and blood cultures were consistent with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ca-MRSA). Fig. 1 Erythema and swelling of posterior thigh (arrows) Fig. 2 CT of leg showing a large fluid collection (arrows) Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of the muscles characterized by subacute abscess formation. While pyomyositis is rare in temperate climates, the incidence has been increasing, with the majority having comorbidities causing an immunocompromised state, such as HIV and diabetes [1]. Sickle-cell disease has also been implicated as a risk factor for developing pyomyositis [2–4]. Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated in the majority of cases [1], and recently, ca-MRSA has been found to be an important causative agent in pyomyositis [5, 6]. Because of the rarity of pyomyositis in temperate climates, the diagnosis can be difficult to make, and the patient’s symptoms and exam can easily be mistaken for other diagnoses, such as cellulites [7]. Physicians should consider pyomyositis in patients with severe muscle tenderness in areas of apparent cellulitis and recognize ca-MRSA as an emerging cause of this potentially devastating disease.
Changing Risk for Landless Populations: How Structural Transformation Influences Communist Success in Rural India

What explains the pattern of communist vote across rural India? One explanation is that landless populations will vote for left parties because they are more willing to engage with risky groups. Bu...
Model computations on the differential scattering of circularly polarized light (CIDS) by dense macromolecular particles.

Circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS) patterns have been calculated for two general types of chiral arrangements. The calculations were done using the second Born approximation. The geometries considered are (a) a linear array of anisotropic scattering groups with a spiraling orientation (a twisted ladder) and (b) a helical array of scattering groups with arbitrary anisotropy and orientation. The CIDS expressions for the first of these models (twisted ladder) reduces to a simple analytical form and clearly illustrates many properties of CIDS patterns. The second geometry (helix) is more general. Calculations were done for oriented scatterers and for rotationally averaged scatterers as would be found in solution.
Conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation and vibrational assignments of fluoroacetyl bromide

Abstract The far infrared spectrum of gaseous fluoroacetyl bromide, CH 2 FC(O)Br, has been recorded at a resolution of 0.10 cm −1 in the region from 375 to 35 cm −1 . The fundamental asymmetric torsions of the more stable trans (the two halogen atoms are oriented trans to one another) and the high-energy gauche conformations have been observed at 113.90 and 48.03 cm −1 , respectively, with each fundamental having several additional upper state torsional transitions. From these data, the asymmetric torsional potential function has been calculated with the following coefficients: V 1 = − 124 ± 39, V 2 =459 ± 14, V 3 =809 ± 6, V and V 6 = − 44 ± 2 cm −1 . From this potential function, the trans to gauche, gauche to gauche and gauche to trans barriers were determined to be 1317 ± 12 cm −1 (3.77 ± 0.03 kcal/mol), 238 ±2 cm −1 (0.68 ± 0.01 kcal/mol), and 871 ± 25 cm −1 (2.49 ± 0.0 respectively, and an enthalpy difference of 446 ± 59 cm −1 (1.28 ± 0.17 kcal/mol) with the trans being the more stable form. The enthalpy differences have been determined experimentally, from the variable-temperature studies of the Raman spectra, to be 413 ± 38 cm −1 (1.18 ± 0.11 kcal/mol) for the gas and 359 ± 16 cm −1 (1.03 ± 0.04 kcal/mol) for the liquid. Evidence for the high-energy gauche conformation was observed in the Raman (3200-10 cm −1 ) and infrared (3200-35 cm −1 ) spectra of both the gas and the liquid, and totally absent in the spectra of the annealed solid. From the doubling of several of the fundamentals in the spectrum of the annealed solid, it is concluded that there are at least two molecules per primitive cell. These data are compared to the corresponding quantities previously reported for some similar molecules.
Economic interests and voting on the omnibus trade bill of 1987

This paper presents an econometric analysis of the votes on five pivotal amendments to the omnibus foreign trade bills of the U.S. House and Senate in 1987. Probit estimation is used to identify the relationships between geographic variations in employment in trade-sensitive industries and congressional voting on changes in foreign trade policy procedures. The implied pattern of expected net benefits for the industries from the five amendments is highly consistent with qualitative evidence on the costs and benefits at stake. Two general conclusions stand out: (1) Procedural foreign trade policy proposals can have very specific beneficiaries. (2) Diffuse export interests can be influential in opposition to procedural protectionism.
The thickness determination of organic crystals under low dose conditions using electron energy loss spectroscopy.

In the 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of protein crystals with variable thicknesses the electron images and diffraction patterns can only be merged if the crystal thickness is known. Measurement of the thickness using the ratio of the number of inelastically scattered electrons to the number of electrons in the zero loss peak can be accomplished with parallel electron energy loss spectrometry (PEELS). A theoretical analysis of the accuracy of the technique on paraffin crystals of different thicknesses is presented. Our experimental studies with paraffin crystals show the feasibility of measuring a single layer of 47 A with good accuracy under low dose and low temperature conditions. A simple experimental apparatus is proposed to obtain thicknesses from small regions of unstained protein crystals prior to collecting the 3-D data sets from the unexposed area of the same crystal.
The effect of neuraminidase on the relative surface charge-associated properties of rat red blood cells of different ages

Approx. 70% of the sialic acid on the rat erythrocyte surface is susceptible to cleavage by neuraminidase (Vibrio cholerae). Neuraminidase treatment results in a reduction in the partition coefficient (K) of the red cells in a charged dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous phase system and in the electrophoretic mobility of the cells. Countercurrent distribution of rat neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes, containing 59Fe-labeled mature red cells of distinct age, indicates that (a) the electrophoretic mobilities of red cells in different cavities along the extraction train increase with increasing K, as is the case with untreated erythrocytes, and (b) the cell age-related differences in surface charge-associated properties are neither eliminated nor altered by the enzyme action.
Characterization of the molecular defect in a null allele of the opaque-2 locus of maize

The molecular defect in an opaque-2 (o2) mutant, previously characterized as a null allele, has been identified as containing an insertion of the transposable element of the Bergamo (Bg) family. Restriction mapping and partial sequence analysis of the Bg in the o2 null allele indicates that this element is distinct from the previously described Bg as well as the defective Bg (rbg) of the o2m(r) allele. It is, however, inserted at the same site in O2 as the rbg of o2m(r) and can transpose when Bg is present. This study shows that, depending on genetic background, this allele may not behave as a stable null which could dramatically influence the conclusions drawn from experiments based on this particular mutant.
Evaluation of composts for growth of grass sod

Composts prepared from sewage biosolids-wood chips, mixed municipal solid wastes, autumn leaves, mixed yard wastes, or agricultural wastes were assessed for their effects on growth and composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ‘Pennfine’). Two biosolids based composts, one mature and one immature, were evaluated. All of the other composts were mature. No supplemental fertilization was provided. Composts were evaluated without amendment or by mixing with soil and sand to create media (proportions by volume) of 100% compost, 90% compost:10% soil-sand, and 75% compost:25% soil-sand. Grass sods were grown in plastic flats in a greenhouse. Quality of sods was assessed by emergence of grass and weeds and by clipping mass in two successive harvests. Macronutrients, micronutrients, and nonessential elements were determined in the grass clippings of each harvest. Grass emergence was lowest in the mixed municipal solid waste compost, which had the highest soluble salt contents of the media. Slight inhibi...
Metric and nonmetric plotting models

A problem with standard printer scatterplot routines is that points are not adequately labeled. Four methods of generating printer plots are presented. All four methods allow multi-character point labels, and three of the methods can guarantee that no portion of the labels are hidden. This is accomplished by using varying amounts of metric and nonmetric distance information to locate the points.
Interfirm networks in periods of technological turbulence and stability

Abstract This paper examines how network relations between firms influence firm survival by explicitly addressing the moderating role of changing technological regimes. Using longitudinal data on 1385 developers and 190 publishers of video games in the global video game industry between 1972 and 2007, the analyses show that the effect of network ties between developers and publishers on the survival probability of developers is moderated by the level of technological turbulence in the industry. The results show that the effect of network partner failure on firm survival is dependent on the strength of ties. The failure of strongly tied network partners harms developers in stable periods and benefits them in turbulent eras, while no such relation is found for weakly tied network partners. Network partner diversity positively affects firm performance in epochs of technological turbulence, while the effect plays no significant role for firm survival in stable settings. The results indicate that the relation between interfirm network relations and firm survival is moderated by sequences of technological renewal in the video game industry which cause the industry to go through an evolution that deviates from the typical S-shaped trajectory found in industries that are characterized by strong path-dependent processes.
Atypical, but not typical, antipsychotic drugs increase cortical acetylcholine release without an effect in the nucleus accumbens or striatum.

The role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) was studied by microdialysis, without AChesterase inhibition, to facilitate the interpretation of any observed drug effects. The atypical APDs, clozapine (2.5–20 mg/kg), olanzapine (10 mg/kg), risperidone (1 mg/kg), and ziprasidone (3 mg/kg) significantly increased ACh release in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas the typical APDs, haloperidol (0.1–1 mg/kg), S(-)-sulpiride (10–25 mg/g), and thioridazine (5–20 mg/kg) did not. None of seven APDs increased ACh release in the nucleus accumbens or striatum at the doses effective in the mPFC. Thus, atypical and typical APDs may differ in the ability to increase cortical ACh release, a possible factor contributing to cognitive improvement in schizophrenia. After perfusion with neostigmine, an AChesterase inhibitor, clozapine, but not haloperidol, increased ACh release in all three aforementioned brain regions with an enhanced effect in the mPFC, indicating the importance of studying ACh release in the absence of AChesterase inhibition. Clozapine, and perhaps other atypical APDs, alone or in combination with an AChesterase inhibitor, may improve cognition in schizophrenia, and perhaps other cognitive disorders, e.g., early Alzheimer's disease, by enhancing cortical cholinergic transmission.
Effects of crystallographic orientation on the oxygen exchange rate of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films

Abstract The oxygen surface exchange of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSM) thin films was investigated using the electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) method. Epitaxial (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented LSM films were fabricated on corresponding SrTiO 3 (STO) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The LSM films had well-controlled surface qualities, exhibited bulk-like steady-state electrical properties, and exhibited surface dominated responses in ECR. The chemical surface exchange coefficients ( k chem ) were determined and varied from ≈ 1 × 10 − 6 to 65 × 10 − 6 cm/s, depending on temperature and orientation, with activation energies of between 0.8 and 1.2 eV. At 800 °C, a four fold variation is observed in the k chem values, with (110)/(100) being the highest/lowest, explained well by the high activation energy for (110), ≈ 1.16 eV, and the low energy for (111) and (100), ≈0.83 eV.
Miscibility and segregated structures in mixed Langmuir monolayers

Abstract The phase behavior and morphology of segregated structures are considered for mixed Langmuir monolayers, which comprise a type of supramolecular polymer having a complex internal structure mixed with a long chain fatty acid. We fabricated two different series of mixed monolayers from a polyglutamate (PG) copolymer having 30% octadecyl ester side chains and 70% methyl ester side chains and fatty acids. These mixed monolayers deposited on a solid substrate were studied by pressure-area diagram measurements, X-ray analysis, and atomic force microscopy. Stearic acid (STA) and hexacosanoic acid (HCA) with alkyl chain lengths of 17 and 25 carbon atoms, respectively, were used as low molecular weight components. For the mixture PG:STA, where the length of the STA molecules is comparable to the length of the PG side chains, we observed the formation of partially miscible monolayers. These mixtures exhibit a nanometer scale domain morphology formed by the STA molecules dissolved in the outer shell of the PG monolayer. In contrast, for the PG:HCA mixture we observed a strong tendency for microphase separation and the formation of well-defined submicron segregated structures in the monolayers. Lateral compression of the mixed monolayers to a point close to the collapse pressure promotes microphase separation in both types of mixed monolayers with the formation of anisotropic surface morphology and oriented domains.
Experimental Study of NO Reaction with Isoprene Hydroxyalkyl Peroxy Radicals

Despite the importance of isoprene hydroxy peroxy radicals (RO2) in the conversion of NO to NO2 and hence in tropospheric ozone formation, no direct experimental studies have been carried out to in...
AmbR1 is a key transcriptional regulator for production of antifungal activity of Burkholderia contaminans strain MS14.

Burkholderia contaminans strain MS14 has a broad range of antifungal activities to plant and human pathogens. In previous studies, a 22.7-kb genomic fragment harboring six genes was shown to be involved in the production of an antifungal oligopeptide in B. contaminans strain MS14. In this study, another LuxR-type regulatory gene, named ambR1, was identified downstream of the ambR2 gene, and three new ORFs were found upstream of ORF6 of the 22.7-kb fragment. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that ambR1 was required for expression of the antifungal activity against the indicator fungus Geotrichum candidum. Transcription of all the putative genes (ORFs 2–9) identified in the region except ORF1 was regulated by both ambR1 and ambR2. The functional ambR1 gene was essential for transcription of ambR2, and constitutive expression of ambR2 did not restore the phenotype of the mutant MS14GG44(ambR1∷nptII). Two of the three ORFs identified upstream from the ORF6 were predicted to encode two nonribosomal peptide synthetases (ORF7 and ORF9), and an insertion mutation in ORF9 resulted in the loss of antifungal activity against G. candidum. These results suggest that ambR1 is the key regulatory gene controlling the production of the antifungal activity of strain MS14.
A Classification of Matrices of Finite Order over C,R, and Q.

(2003). A Classification of Matrices of Finite Order over ℂ, ℝ, and ℚ. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 143-148.