cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence that M3 muscarinic receptors in rat parotid gland couple to two second messenger systems.

The binding affinities of muscarinic antagonists were compared with their abilities to block carbachol (CCh)-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization and inhibition of isoproterenol-elicited adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in rat parotid cells. The binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to membranes was inhibited by antagonists with the following potencies (dissociation constant, nM): atropine (1.1) approximately 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methbromide (4-DAMP) (1.6) much greater than pirenzepine (136) greater than 11-[[2-[(diethylamino)methyl-1-piperidinyl]-acetyl]acetyl]-5,11- dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]-benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116) (5,293). AF-DX 116 blocked Ca2+ mobilization and inhibition of cAMP accumulation with low affinities [inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) = 3150 and 6,528 nM, respectively], whereas 4-DAMP blocked these responses with considerably higher affinities (IC50 = 4.3 and 11.4 nM, respectively). Schild plots of 4-DAMP and AF-DX 116 a...
The effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester on articular cartilage in experimental arthritis: Effects of collagenolytic enzyme activity and cartilage swelling properties

Some of the effects of the semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester (GAGPE) were investigated on the osteoarthritis-like lesions in the Pond-Nuki dog model, in respect to histological grade of anatomical lesions, collagenolytic enzyme activity, and a parameter of collagen network integrity. Prophylactic treatment by intra-articular injections twice weekly for 4 weeks caused amelioration of canine cartilage erosions. Preliminary evidence for suppression of collagenolytic enzyme activity, as well as protection of a tight collagen network studied in the canine cartilage was obtained.
Marketing Competencies Based M&A Framework

In globalization setting the MA (2) the post- acquisition business plan (e.g. marketing strategies); and (3) the assessment of post- acquisition performance (e.g. marketing competencies and marketing positions).
The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an α-pinene-derived organic nitrate: kinetics, products, reaction mechanisms, and atmospheric impact

Abstract. The production of atmospheric organic nitrates (RONO2) has a large impact on air quality and climate due to their contribution to secondary organic aerosol and influence on tropospheric ozone concentrations. Since organic nitrates control the fate of gas phase NOx (NO + NO2), a byproduct of anthropogenic combustion processes, their atmospheric production and reactivity is of great interest. While the atmospheric reactivity of many relevant organic nitrates is still uncertain, one significant reactive pathway, condensed phase hydrolysis, has recently been identified as a potential sink for organic nitrate species. The partitioning of gas phase organic nitrates to aerosol particles and subsequent hydrolysis likely removes the oxidized nitrogen from further atmospheric processing, due to large organic nitrate uptake to aerosols and proposed hydrolysis lifetimes, which may impact long-range transport of NOx, a tropospheric ozone precursor. Despite the atmospheric importance, the hydrolysis rates and reaction mechanisms for atmospherically derived organic nitrates are almost completely unknown, including those derived from α-pinene, a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) that is one of the most significant precursors to biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA). To better understand the chemistry that governs the fate of particle phase organic nitrates, the hydrolysis mechanism and rate constants were elucidated for several organic nitrates, including an α-pinene-derived organic nitrate (APN). A positive trend in hydrolysis rate constants was observed with increasing solution acidity for all organic nitrates studied, with the tertiary APN lifetime ranging from 8.3 min at acidic pH (0.25) to 8.8 h at neutral pH (6.9). Since ambient fine aerosol pH values are observed to be acidic, the reported lifetimes, which are much shorter than that of atmospheric fine aerosol, provide important insight into the fate of particle phase organic nitrates. Along with rate constant data, product identification confirms that a unimolecular specific acid-catalyzed mechanism is responsible for organic nitrate hydrolysis under acidic conditions. The free energies and enthalpies of the isobutyl nitrate hydrolysis intermediates and products were calculated using a hybrid density functional (ωB97X-V) to support the proposed mechanisms. These findings provide valuable information regarding the organic nitrate hydrolysis mechanism and its contribution to the fate of atmospheric NOx, aerosol phase processing, and BSOA composition.
Hybrid cylindrical radial superlattice conductor-based air-lifted RF inductors with ultra-high quality factor for UWB and K-bands

This paper reports the state-of-the-art air-lifted radio frequency (RF) inductors made of hybrid cylindrical radial superlattice (h-CRS) conductors with a gold core featuring ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor) in ultra wideband (UWB) and K-bands. A CRS conductor is made of paired Cu/NiFe layers with a thickness of each pair of 150 nm/25 nm, respectively, using a DC/RF sputtering thin film deposition process. The negative permeability of NiFe thin films above their ferromagnetic resonance frequency is used to cancel the eddy currents inside conductors and reduce the conductor loss in Ku and K-bands. The directional thin film deposition aspect of the used fabrication method for the CRS conductors results in a hybrid conductor structure comprising both solid and multi-layer superlattice parts leading to dual-band high-Q characteristics in UWB and K bands. The intrinsic radial shape of the utilized CRS conductors with the uniform and closed boundaries make them superior for the super compact RF low loss conductors. In result of using CRS conductors with ultra-thin layers and the air-lifted structure with suppressed dielectric losses, a record-breaking Q-factor of greater than 80 at 20 GHz is achieved for 1.8 nH inductors.
A review of treatment options for Graves' disease: why total thyroidectomy is a viable option in selected patients.

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. If left untreated, patients may have multiple systemic complications such as cardiac, reproductive, and skeletal disease. Thionamides, such as methimazole and propylthiouracil, and I 131 iodine ablation are the most commonly prescribed treatment for Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy is often overlooked for treatment and is usually only offered if the other options have failed. In our case, we discuss a patient who was admitted to our medical center with symptomatic hyperthyroidism secondary to long-standing Graves’ disease. She had a history of non-compliance with medications and medical clinic follow-up. The risks and benefits of total thyroidectomy were explained and she consented to surgery. A few months after the procedure, she was biochemically and clinically euthyroid on levothyroxine. She had no further emergency room visits or admissions for uncontrolled thyroid disease. Here we review the advantages and disadvantages of the more typically prescribed treatments, thionamides and I 131 iodine ablation. We also review the importance of shared decision making and the benefits of total thyroidectomy for the management of Graves’ disease. Given the improvement in surgical techniques over the past decade and a significant reduction of complications, we suggest total thyroidectomy be recommended more often for patients with Graves’ disease.
Design, simulation and measurement techniques for embedded decoupling capacitors in multi-GHz packages/PCBs

Embedded capacitor is a better solution than surface mount capacitors for decoupling in a high speed, high performance packages/PCBs. Our study has showed that with conventional approaches, the embedded capacitor for decoupling in power delivering network can work from 100 MHz to 1 GHz systems. Pushing the operating frequency over 1 GHz is a challenge for system designers. This paper discusses the embedded decoupling capacitor design for multi-GHz systems through principles, simulation, measurement error, and error elimination.
Selective oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene using boron nitride catalysts

The exothermic oxidative dehydrogenation of propane reaction to generate propene has the potential to be a game-changing technology in the chemical industry. However, even after decades of research, selectivity to propene remains too low to be commercially attractive because of overoxidation of propene to thermodynamically favored CO 2 . Here, we report that hexagonal boron nitride and boron nitride nanotubes exhibit unique and hitherto unanticipated catalytic properties, resulting in great selectivity to olefins. As an example, at 14% propane conversion, we obtain selectivity of 79% propene and 12% ethene, another desired alkene. Based on catalytic experiments, spectroscopic insights, and ab initio modeling, we put forward a mechanistic hypothesis in which oxygen-terminated armchair boron nitride edges are proposed to be the catalytic active sites.
Continuous manufacture of polymeric cellular dosage forms

Abstract The most prevalent pharmaceutical dosage forms at present are granular solids in the form of oral tablets and capsules. While effective in releasing drug rapidly upon contact with gastrointestinal fluid, their manufacture, which relies on particulate processing, is fraught with difficulties associated with the unpredictable inter-particle interactions. Such difficulties, however, could be easily overcome by transitioning to a liquid-based process. Therefore, we have recently introduced melt‐processed polymeric cellular dosage forms. The drug release behavior of the cellular forms was tailored by altering the microstructure; yet their preparation relied on an inefficient batch method comprising gas dissolution, and nucleation and growth of microscopic gas bubbles in the melt. In this study, therefore, we present a continuous microfluidic melt extrusion and molding process. The cellular dosage forms are produced by injecting gas bubbles directly into the melt stream in a micro‐ or milli-fluidic channel, followed by molding and solidification of the cellular structure. A model is developed to illustrate the effects of the width, frequency, and pressure of the gas injection pulses, and the flow rate and viscosity of the melt, on the microstructural parameters of the dosage forms produced. Experimental results show that the size and volume fraction of gas-filled cells (or voids) are predictable. They also confirm that the dosage form disintegration rate and density can be tailored by altering the volume fraction of voids. It is thus demonstrated that polymeric cellular dosage forms with predictable drug release properties, and density, can be readily manufactured by a continuous process.
Adolescent and young adult oncology patients: Disparities in access to specialized cancer centers.

BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15 to 39 years with cancer continue to experience disparate survival outcomes compared with their younger and older counterparts. This may be caused in part by differential access to specialized cancer centers (SCCs), because treatment at SCCs has been associated with improved overall survival. The authors examined social and clinical factors associated with AYA use of SCCs (defined as Children's Oncology Group-designated or National Cancer Institute-designated centers). METHODS A retrospective, population-based analysis was performed on all hospital admissions of AYA oncology patients in California during 1991 through 2014 (n = 127,250) using the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the contribution of social and clinical factors on always receiving care from an SCC (vs sometimes or never). Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Over the past 20 years, the percentage of patients always receiving inpatient care at an SCC increased over time (from 27% in 1991 to 43% in 2014). In multivariable regression analyses, AYA patients were less likely to always receive care from an SCC if they had public insurance (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.62-0.66), were uninsured (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.46-0.56), were Hispanic (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91), lived > 5 miles from an SCC, or had a diagnosis other than leukemia and central nervous system tumors. CONCLUSIONS Receiving care at an SCC was influenced by insurance, race/ethnicity, geography, and tumor type. Identifying the barriers associated with decreased SCC use is an important first step toward improving outcomes in AYA oncology patients. Cancer 2017;123:2516–23. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
LDC EXPORTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses LDC exports. The regressions establish a statistically significant relationship between export shares and both population and GDP. All the regression coefficients for the independent variables are negative and significantly different from zero at the 5% level. The size in nearly all proxies correlates negatively and well with export shares. Large countries tend to have lower export shares, whereas small countries tend to have higher export shares. A country that adds very little value added to domestic materials or imported materials and has a low ratio of manufacturing value added in GDP will have a very high ratio of manufactured to total exports. The chapter also discusses the hypothesis that states that the share of manufacturing exports by LDCs in their total exports will tend to reflect their share of manufacturing value added in GDP and will tend to reflect their GDP per capita.
Rashomon in the Zocalo: Writing the History of Popular Political Culture in 19th Century Mexico

Those of us who study the political culture of nineenth century Mexico often lament the absence of archival documentation and the elusiveness of that which we know must exist somewhere, but just cannot find ... yet. Further frustration arises in the study of the popular classes, who were much less likely than elites to engage in the kinds of activities that leave traces in the archives. Indeed, the urban poor were even less likely than their rural counterparts to engage in the kinds of activities that leave traces of their presence in the archives (lawsuits over communal lands, for example). The words of Jules Michelet, the mid-nineteenth century French romantic historian, form an appropriate epigraph for these frustrations. Michelet, perhaps most well known for his 1846 work, titled simply The People, despaired, “I had the people in my heart. . . but I found their language inaccessible. I was unable to make it speak”.
Search predicts and changes patience in intertemporal choice

Intertemporal choice impacts many important outcomes, such as decisions about health, education, wealth, and the environment. However, the psychological processes underlying decisions involving outcomes at different points in time remain unclear, limiting opportunities to intervene and improve people's patience. This research examines information-search strategies used during intertemporal choice and their impact on decisions. In experiment 1, we demonstrate that search strategies vary substantially across individuals. We subsequently identify two distinct search strategies across individuals. Comparative searchers, who compare features across options, discount future options less and are more susceptible to acceleration versus delay framing than integrative searchers, who integrate the features of an option. Experiment 2 manipulates search using an unobtrusive method to establish a causal relationship between strategy and choice, randomly assigning participants to conditions promoting either comparative or integrative search. Again, comparative search promotes greater patience than integrative search. Additionally, when participants adopt a comparative search strategy, they also exhibit greater effects of acceleration versus delay framing. Although most participants reported that the manipulation did not change their behavior, promoting comparative search decreased discounting of future rewards substantially and speeded patient choices. These findings highlight the central role that heterogeneity in psychological processes plays in shaping intertemporal choice. Importantly, these results indicate that theories that ignore variability in search strategies may be inadvertently aggregating over different subpopulations that use very different processes. The findings also inform interventions in choice architecture to increase patience and improve consumer welfare.
Athomecare, Inc.: Health Care Services Rollup

The AtHome Care case is currently taught in Susan Chaplinsky's Finance and Private Equity course elective. It is supported by a teaching note for instructors and an Excel spreadsheet for student analysis. This introductory case explores the venture capital (VC) and discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of valuing early-stage companies. OutReach Networks is an unusual start-up company in that it was profitable early in its development and did not have to seek VC funding to support its growth. The company has grown quickly and may soon be a candidate for an IPO. In November 2011, an experienced venture capitalist approaches the founder with an offer to invest $30 million in exchange for 30% of the company. While the founder sees some benefit from the VC's experience in preparing the firm for an IPO and the funding enabling it to scale more quickly, he cannot understand how the VC has arrived at this offer. The founder believes the funding should be worth no more than 15% of his firm. Potential reasons for the disagreement over the valuation are (1) differences in the founder's and investor's view of the company's risk, (2) disagreement over the appropriate set of comparable companies, and (3) differences in the methods used to calculate the percentage equity stake. The case is appropriate for use in courses covering entrepreneurial finance or venture capital. Excerpt UVA-F-1679 Rev. Nov. 26, 2012 ATHOMECARE, INC.: HEALTH CARE SERVICES ROLLUP In mid-April 2010, Clark McCullough, a partner at Ardent Capital, reviewed the final investment memorandum concerning a possible $ 110 million investment in AtHomeCare, Inc., a private company providing home health care services. Over the course of the previous year, Ardent Capital had completed preliminary due diligence, and in the fall of 2009, it had signed a letter of intent (LOI) and had been granted an exclusivity agreement to consider a potential purchase of the company. Although the company fit well within Ardent's current areas of investment focus, the deal had been conceived as a rollup strategy, in which AtHomeCare would serve as an investment platform, and other health care services companies would be acquired to build a larger entity. A large portion of the due diligence had focused on finding a suitable acquisition target, but to date no target had been locked in. . . .
Asymptotics of Stationary Navier Stokes Equations in Higher Dimensions

We show that the asymptotics of solutions to stationary Navier Stokes equations in 4, 5 or 6 dimensions in the whole space with a smooth compactly supported forcing are given by the linear Stokes equation. We do not need to assume any smallness condition. The result is in contrast to three dimensions, where the asymptotics for steady states are different from the linear Stokes equation, even for small data, while the large data case presents an open problem. The case of dimension n = 2 is still harder.
Dysphagia and esophageal dysfunction due to dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophy in a male Spanish water spaniel.

dMHCDevelopmental myosin heavy chainDD-MDDystrophin deficient muscular dystrophyH&EHaemotoxylin and EosinIBImmunoblottingIFImmunofluorescentMDMuscular DystrophyRIReference IntervalAn 8-month-old, 1...
Order Parameters and Conformation of Nematic p -Methoxybenzylidene- p -n-Butylaniline (MBBA) by NMR Studies of Some Specifically Deuterated Derivatives

It is known that nematic liquids have a well defined degree of order.1 The order parameter, S, which describes the fluctuation of the molecular axis from the direction of preferential orientation of the molecule, is given by $$ S = 1/2\left( {3{{\cos }^2}\xi - 1} \right) $$ (1) where ξ is the angle between the long axis of the molecule and the direction of its preferential orientation in the nematic phase. For complete order, cos2ξ = 1 and S=1 as in the case of a crystal, whereas for complete disorder, cos2ξ =1/3 and S=0, representing an isotropic liquid. Thus the order parameter of a nematic will lie between 0 and 1 in a fluid. When a molecule is aligned in a magnetic field, H0, each nuclear magnetic dipole will produce an additional field at neighboring nuclei, the component of which along the direction of H0 together with H0 will result in a total effective field2 $$ {H_{eff}} = {H_o} \pm \alpha \left( {3{{\cos }^2}\,\theta - 1} \right) $$ (2) where a is an interaction field parameter and 6 is the angle between H0 and the line joining the two interacting nuclei.
Selected Topics in Upsilon Physics

In this past week you have heard much about e+e− physics, in particular from Paolo Franzini on the triplet S bb bound states with their hadronic and photonic transitions, as well as on the properties of the b-flavored mesons; from Sau Lan Wu on the arduous task of extracting the strong coupling constant αs at PETRA; and from Andre Martin on the theory of quarkonia. What I am going to talk about at this last lecture of the section devoted to Janus’ backward glance are some selected topics in upsilon physics, or bringing up the rear (bottom) while forecasting what information is likely to be available the next time the Cargese summer institute on particles and fields convenes.
Facilitators and barriers to family engagement and retention of young children in mental health care: A qualitative study of caregivers’ perspectives

This study examines facilitators and barriers that influence family engagement and retention of children in mental healthcare from the parent and caregiver perspective. Researchers recruited and in...
Clinical Characteristics of 100 patients with Angiography-confirmed Low-flow Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas (P1.234)

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with symptomatic low-flow spinal arteriovenous fistulas (SAVF) and identify features that can orientate diagnosis. Background: Low-flow SAVFs are the most common spinal vascular malformation. They result in severe disability typically including paraparesis, pain, bladder and sexual dysfunction. Once identified, most low-flow SAVFs are amenable to treatment using either endovascular or surgical means. However, these lesions are frequently misdiagnosed, resulting in prolonged delay before treatment (over a year on average) and jeopardized functional outcomes. Design/Methods: We reviewed 100 consecutive patients with low-flow SAVFs angiographically diagnosed at our institution between 2007 and 2017. Analyzed features included (but were not limited to) demographic information, associated conditions, clinical presentation (i.e., mode, timing, triggering factors, neurological examination), disability at presentation (Aminoff and Logue scale) and delay to diagnosis. Results: The lesions included spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (48 patients), spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (41 patients), and perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (10 patients). One patient had both dural and epidural arteriovenous fistulas. The average age was 57.8 years, 79% of the patients were men. They initially consulted a range of specialists including neurologists, neurosurgeons and urologists. A history of intermittent claudication and risk factors for venous thrombosis, such as cancer or previous deep vein thrombosis, were identified in a significant proportion of this cohort. Initial diagnosis was frequently inaccurate and resulted in delayed SAVF recognition and treatment. Conclusions: This is the largest cohort of patients with low-flow SAVF described to date. We highlight that diagnosis is frequently delayed in these patients and we outline clinical features that may alert physicians to consider this diagnosis (including older age, male gender, history of intermittent claudication, risk factors for venous thrombosis). Disclosure: Dr. Murphy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pardo-Villamizar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gailloud has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Codman Neurovascular.
Authors' status and the perceived quality of their work: Measuring citation sentiment change in nobel articles

Prior research in status ordering has used numeric indicators to examine the impact of a status change on the perception of a scientist's work. This study measures the perception change directly as reflected in citation sentiment, with the attainment of a Nobel Prize in Chemistry or a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine considered the status change. The article identifies 12,393 citances to 25 Nobel articles in PubMed Central and includes a control article set of 75 articles with 30,851 citances. The results show a moderate increase in citation sentiment toward Nobel articles postaward. Dynamically, for Nobel articles there is a steady sentiment increase, and a Nobel Prize seems to co‐occur with this trend. This trend, however, is not evident in the control article set.
Cash Is King: An Easy Way to Prepare Cash Flow Statements (A Workshop Manual)

Students majoring in business have often experienced difficulty in preparing and comprehending the cash flow statement. In a previous workshop, the authors introduced the “Cash is King” method, a simplistic alternative for recording journal entries for any transaction. This method also assists the student in understanding debits and credits and provides a bridge to mastering accrual accounting. In this workshop, we apply the “Cash is King” method for preparing the cash flow statement. We will be using a partial set of financial data and several examples in demonstrating how the method can be used in preparing the operating activities section of the cash flow statement.
A two-region transport model for interpreting T1-T2 measurements in complex systems

Abstract A 1D two region coupled pore model with discrete pore coupling is developed to elucidate the eigenmode interactions in regions with different surface relaxivity. Numerical solution of the model and simulation of the correlation experiment for varying surface relaxivity, pore connectivity and pore size ratio indicate the role of negative eigenmodes and overlap of T 1 and T 2 eigenmodes in generating a time domain signal increase with inversion recovery time, t 1 . The eigenmodes and eigenfunctions are considered in detail providing connection between the mathematical model and the diffusion dynamics and spin physics of the system. Physical systems, i.e. a microporous glass bead pack, a cyclopentane/water hydrate former, and beeswax, showing experimentally measured T 1 - T 2 time domain signal rise are considered within the limitations of the model.
A wall with integrity: surveillance and maintenance of the plant cell wall under stress

The structural and functional integrity of the cell wall needs to be constantly monitored and fine-tuned to allow for growth while preventing mechanical failure. Many studies have advanced our understanding of the pathways that contribute to cell wall biosynthesis and how these pathways are regulated by external and internal cues. Recent evidence also supports a model in which certain aspects of the wall itself may act as growth-regulating signals. Molecular components of the signaling pathways that sense and maintain cell wall integrity have begun to be revealed, including signals arising in the wall, sensors that detect changes at the cell surface, and downstream signal transduction modules. Abiotic and biotic stress conditions provide new contexts for the study of cell wall integrity, but the nature and consequences of wall disruptions due to various stressors require further investigation. A deeper understanding of cell wall signaling will provide insights into the growth regulatory mechanisms that allow plants to survive in changing environments.
Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis).

Often few alternative anesthetics for exotic species are available, due to the small numbers of these animals used in research. In this study, we evaluated the depth and duration of anesthesia in Xenopus laevis after their immersion in 3 doses of etomidate (15, 22.5, and 30 mg/L) and in 3 doses of benzocaine (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) compared with the ‘gold standard,’ tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222; 2 g/L). We then chose an optimal dose for each alternative anesthetic according to induction time, duration of surgical plane, and time to complete recovery. The optimal etomidate and benzocaine doses (22.5 mg/L and 0.1%, respectively) as well as the MS222 dose were then used to achieve a surgical plane of anesthesia, with the addition of flunixin meglumine (25 or 50 mg/kg) administered in the dorsal lymph sac at the completion of mock oocyte harvest. Efficacy of the analgesic was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h postoperatively by using acetic acid testing (AAT). Histology of the liver, kidney, and tissues surrounding the dorsal lymph sac was performed at day 3, 14, and 28 in each group of animals. Mild to moderate myocyte degeneration and necrosis were present in tissues surrounding the dorsal lymph sac at both flunixin meglumine doses after etomidate and benzocaine anesthesia. In addition, the 50-mg/kg dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in the death of 5 of the 12 frogs within 24 h, despite an otherwise uneventful anesthetic recovery. In conclusion, benzocaine and etomidate offer alternative anesthetic regimens, according to typical requirements for an anesthetic event. Flunixin meglumine at the 25-mg/kg dose provided analgesic relief at the latest time point during etomidate dosage and at all time points during benzocaine dosage, but further characterization is warranted regarding long-term or repeated analgesic administration.
Correlates of resilience after childhood sexual abuse among men who have sex with men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for physical and mental health conditions and are often discussed in the health literature as "at risk" versus "at promise". However, there is an ongoing need to examine factors that place MSM "at promise" for optimal well-being. This manuscript examines correlates of resilience, the ability to "bounce back" and function adaptively after adversities, among MSM. One hundred and five MSM with a history of childhood sexual abuse, who were enrolled in a randomized control trial were recruited for a supplemental study assessing resilience and other psychosocial factors. Participants completed measures assessing resilient trait and coping (i.e. "I am able to adapt" and "I tend to bounce back"), symptoms of trauma, trauma-related thoughts, and distress tolerance (ability to regulate unpleasant feelings). Findings from multivariable linear regressions controlling for covariates (age, education, race/ethnicity, and income) indicated that higher resilience was associated with (a) lower trauma scores on reexperiencing severity (b = -1.41, SE = .53, p = .01) and avoidance severity (b = -1.61, SE= .67, p = .02), (b) lower post-traumatic cognitions (b = -11.39, SE = 5.08, p = .03) especially negative cognitions about the self (b = -.44, SE = .16, p = .007), and (c) higher distress tolerance (b = .26, SE = .10, p = .01). Our preliminary findings suggest that resilient coping/traits are important to research after childhood sexual abuse among MSM, potentially assess in clinical settings, and address in interventions.
Mapping uncertain geographical attributes: incorporating robustness into choropleth classification design

Choropleth mapping provides a simple but effective visual presentation of geographical data. Traditional choropleth mapping methods assume that data to be displayed are certain. This may not be tru...
How Radiologists Are Paid: An Economic History, Part I: The Fight for Independent Billing

In the first article in a four-part work, the authors review the economic history of how radiologists are paid, from the fight for independent billing in the 1960s to the impact of advanced imaging technologies on radiologists' incomes in the 1980s to the "bubble years" of the 1990s and to the end of the bubble in the first decade of the 21 century. The authors begin in this first part with the connections among a radiologist from Arkansas, a congressman, and the passage of Medicare, the program that gave radiologists the right to bill independently and gave the federal government a big role in health care spending.
A Concise Review of Concepts in Opioid Pharmacology up to the Discovery of Endogenous Opioids

This brief review covers concepts in opioid pharmacology that were promoted during the period leading up to the establishment of the International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC) in the early 1970s and the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides in 1975. The founders of INRC, meeting together during the International Union of Pharmacology meeting in Basel in 1969, recognized that the time was ripe for the creation of an international society that would provide a venue for the discussion of research across disciplines in this rapidly expanding area of science. The emphasis here is on studies leading to the demonstration that specific receptors for morphine-like analgesics exist, the search for endogenous ligands for these receptors, and early attempts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying opiate drug tolerance, dependence, and addiction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Research on opioids in the 20th century was driven by the search for nonaddicting analgesics. This review discusses the development of the "analgesic" receptor concept, the demonstration that such receptors existed, and the search for an endogenous ligand. Conceptual models were proposed to explain tolerance to the actions of opiate drugs and the development of dependence and addiction. This review explains these models and indicates how they foreshadowed more recent discoveries on the acute and chronic actions of opiate drugs.
Palatini Higgs and Coleman-Weinberg inflation with non-minimal coupling

We present the impact of non-minimal coupling $\xi \phi^2 R$ on the inflationary parameters by taking into account the models of single-field inflation with the inflaton that has a non-zero vacuum expectation value ($v$) after the period of inflation in Palatini gravity. We discuss the well-known symmetry breaking type potentials, namely the Higgs potential and Coleman-Weinberg potential. We show the inflationary predictions of these potentials, for both $\phi>v$ and $\phi<v$ inflation, the regions in the $v-\xi$ plane for which the values of $n_s$ and $r$ are in agreement with the recent measurements. We also show the linear inflation behavior as a solution of Coleman-Weinberg potential for $\xi v^2=1$ limit. Finally, we take into account the inflationary predictions of Coleman-Weinberg potential for preferred $\xi$ values as a function of $v$ in Palatini formalism.
Bounds on Treatment Effects in Regression Discontinuity Designs Under Manipulation of the Running Variable, with an Application to Unemployment Insurance in Brazil

A key assumption in regression discontinuity analysis is that units cannot affect the value of their running variable through strategic behavior, or manipulation, in a way that leads to sorting on unobservable characteristics around the cutoff. Standard identification arguments break down if this condition is violated. This paper shows that treatment effects remain partially identified under weak assumptions on individuals' behavior in this case. We derive sharp bounds on causal parameters for both sharp and fuzzy designs, and show how additional structure can be used to further narrow the bounds. We use our methods to study the disincentive effect of unemployment insurance on (formal) reemployment in Brazil, where we find evidence of manipulation at an eligibility cutoff. Our bounds remain informative, despite the fact that manipulation has a sizable effect on our estimates of causal parameters.
Amyloid and Hypertension Are Independently Associated with White Matter Injury Assessed by FLAIR and DTI MRI (P3.174)

Objective: To explore potential additive and/or synergistic actions of AD and hypertension on subcortical white matter injury. Background: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often have hypertension (HTN). Whether these diseases have an additive or synergistic effect on the development of subcortical white matter injury is uncertain. We evaluated the potential additive and/or synergistic impact of AD pathology and HTN on the microstructural integrity of normally appearing white matter (NAWM) and the development of macrostructural subcortical white matter injury. Design/Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid levels (Aβ1–42), HTN status, and quantitative MRI measures of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (FLAIR sequences) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) were collected on 62 participants. Partial correlations between these measures were calculated controlling for age, sex, and years of education. Preacher and Hayes mediation and moderation analyses were used to test models exploring the independence/interdependence of AD pathology and HTN on measures of white matter (WM) injury after adjusting for age, sex, and education. Results: Both HTN (r=0.325, p Conclusions: Greater amyloid pathology and HTN are independently associated with WM injury, manifest as microstructural alterations in NAWM and overt WMHs. The results suggest that WM alterations in AD and in the setting of HTN are due to additive rather than a synergistic effect. Treatment of patients with mixed disease states will likely require interventions aimed at both processes in order to achieve maximal clinical efficacy. Study Supported by: NIH P30 AG028383, UH2 NS100606, and R01 AG042419 Disclosure: Dr. Al-Janabi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bahrani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murphy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gold has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilcock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nelson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goldstein has received royalty, license fees, or contractual rights payments from Henry Stewart Talk and Up To Date. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jicha has nothing to disclose.
Diffuser-based computational funduscopy

We demonstrate a low-cost diffuser-based computational funduscope that can recover pathological features of the model eye fundus. Our device achieves over 33° FOV and is robust to 4D refractive error using a single-shot point-spread-function.
Compiling for SIMD Within a Register

Although SIMD (Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream) parallel computers have existed for decades, it is only in the past few years that a new version of SIMD has evolved: SIMD Within A Register (SWAR). Unlike other styles of SIMD hardware, SWAR models are tuned to be integrated within conventional microprocessors, using their existing memory reference and instruction handling mechanisms, with the primary goal of improving the speed of specific multimedia operations. Because the SWAR implementations for various microprocessors vary widely and each is missing instructions for some SWAR operations that are needed to support a more general, portable, high-level SIMD execution model, this paper focuses on how these missing operations can be implemented using either the existing SWAR hardware or even conventional 32-bit integer instructions. In addition, SWAR offers a few new challenges for compiler optimization, and these are briefly introduced.
Liver regeneration: molecular mechanisms of growth control.

The molecular signals controlling liver regeneration are becoming rapidly defined. Control of growth in regenerating liver has advanced from elusive serum factors and nutrient effects to identification of entirely new growth factors with apparent liver specificity as well as establishment of meaningful gene expression patterns for growth factors already known. Based on studies with hepatocyte cultures and gene expression in regenerating liver, the substances EGF, TGF alpha, HBGF-1 (aFGF), and two new substances (HPTA/HGF and Hepatopoietin B) have been defined as complete mitogens for hepatocytes and implicated in control of liver growth. The amino acid sequence of HPTA/HGF recently became clear and revealed interesting structural homologies in a molecule that might become the largest known growth factor. The plasticity of growth responses seen in liver may be controlled by these factors as well as by comitogenic substances such as norepinephrine which, although nonmitogenic per se, can initiate growth in ...
A mixed PLL/DLL architecture for low jitter clock generation

This paper presents a mixed PLL/DLL architecture for low-jitter clock generation that merges phase-locked loop (PLL) and delay-locked loop (DLL) characteristics. It relies on an interpolator to configure the loop to operate more like a PLL or more like a DLL depending on the interpolator's settings. The ability to vary interpolator settings enables wide range control of the clock generator's loop bandwidth. Therefore, the loop bandwidth can readily be adjusted to accommodate different noise conditions. A discrete-time Z-domain analysis is provided to illustrate the noise filtering characteristics of the loop in the presence of various noise sources and highlight the potential advantages of the mixed PLL/DLL architecture. Simulation results verify stable operation of the loop designed for a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Willows indirectly reduce arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in understorey communities

Summary 1. Understanding mechanisms underlying species distributions is a central theme in ecology. This study identifies factors driving spatial variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We conducted two experiments to test whether heterogeneity in AMF colonization of alpine perennial plants across a willow-meadow ecotone is due to variation in (i) above-ground competition with willows for light (experiment 1), (ii) below-ground interactions with willows and their ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF; experiment 1) or (iii) leaf litter deposition (experiment 2). 2. In experiment 1, we tested the above-ground interactions hypothesis by covering open meadow plots with 80% shade cloth to simulate willow shading (S). To test the below-ground interactions hypothesis, we transplanted ectomycorrhizal (MW) and nonmycorrhizal willows (NW) into the open meadow. AMF colonization of herbaceous plants in the S, MW and NW treatments was compared to colonization of plants growing in unmanipulated open meadow (OC) and willow understorey (WC) control plots. In experiment 2, we tested the leaf litter hypothesis by manipulating leaf litter deposition in open meadow and willow understorey plots. AMF and EMF colonization was compared in plots with and without leaf litter. 3. In experiment 1, AMF colonization was reduced in MW and WC plots compared to the other three treatments, suggesting that below-ground interactions with EMF suppressed AMF colonization of herbaceous hosts. In experiment 2, the presence of leaf litter increased EMF colonization in the open meadow and reduced AMF colonization in both open meadow and willow understorey habitats, suggesting that willow-derived leaf litter indirectly affected AMF colonization by promoting EMF colonization. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that willows indirectly reduce AMF colonization of neighbouring herbaceous plants via feedbacks with leaf litter and EMF. These willow-mediated effects could alter the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in alpine communities, which could in turn impact the fitness and distribution of closely associated host species. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the potential for below-ground interactions to drive variation in species associations across ecotonal boundaries.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Aspartic Acid Requirement for Proteinase Biosynthesis by Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens

Non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens required aspartic acid for proteinase biosynthesis in the absence of CO(2) but not in the presence of CO(2).
Differential fluorescent staining of Drosophila chromosomes with quinacrine mustard.

The polytene and mitotic chromosomes of D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. ananassae, and D. virilis were stained with the fluorescent dye, quinacrine mustard (QM). In all these species except D. ananassae, we have detected species-specific chromosomal loci which exhibit an extremely brilliant fluorescence. Most, but not all, of the brilliantly fluorescing areas are located in heterochromatic chromosome regions. Cytochemical and chemical methods have been employed to demonstrate that the brilliant fluorescence represents regions of acid labile non-covalent binding between DNA and QM whereas the moderate overall fluorescence is primarily due to covalent bonding (by alkylation) of the QM to DNA. The exact mode of binding of QM in the brilliant areas and the nature of the DNA in these areas are not known. The possible biological significance of the DNA in the brilliant regions is discussed.
Absence of demonstrable linkage of human genes for enzymes of the purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

A number of different reduced human-mouse hybrids have been analyzed for the presence of human enzymes of the purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways. Homologous mouse and human enzymes were characterized by isoelectric fractionation or gel electrophoresis, and the species of origin of the enzyme in hybrid clones was determined. Hybrids selected for one of the human enzymes, thymidine kinase, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, were each found to contain the selected enzyme but not the other two. Neither human adenosine kinase nor human deoxycytidine (cytidine) deaminase was present in any of the hybrid clones. A human 5′-nucleotidase was present in two hybrid clones containing human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, but the genes for the two enzymes are not linked. The genes for the purine and pyrimidine salvage enzymes appear to be dispersed in the human genome.
Regulation of Ca2+ entry by inositol lipids in mammalian cells by multiple mechanisms.

Increased phosphoinositide turnover was first identified as an early signal transduction event initiated by cell surface receptors that were linked to calcium signaling. Subsequently, the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes was defined as the major link between inositide turnover and the cytosolic Ca2+ rise in response to external stimulation. However, in the last decades, phosphoinositides have been emerging as major regulatory lipids involved in virtually every membrane-associated signaling process. Phosphoinositides regulate both the activity and the trafficking of almost all ion channels and transporters contributing to the maintenance of the ionic gradients that are essential for the proper functioning of all eukaryotic cells. Here we summarize the various means by which phosphoinositides affect ion channel functions with special emphasis on Ca2+ signaling and outline the principles that govern the highly compartmentalized roles of these regulatory lipids.
Treatment of Two-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures: Intramedullary Nail Compared to Locked Plating:

Background Two-part proximal humerus fractures are common orthopedic injuries for which surgical intervention is often indicated. Choosing a fixation device remains a topic of debate.