cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS APPLIED TO HEMATOLOGY

Abstract In table 1 we have attempted briefly to characterize some of the principal blood cell types by means of the various histochemical methods. The data assembled in the table are derived from the present study as well as from the previous papers from this laboratory. The condensed phrases of the table should be referred back to the observations and discussions presented in the text. The spaces which are left blank do not indicate negative reactions but signify merely that critical data are still outstanding. Besides offering new observations, the present paper summarizes some recent literature on the chemical histology of the cells of blood and bone marrow. The investigation concerns the demonstration and characterization of lipids, nucleoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glycogen by a variety of recently developed technics. It serves to illustrate how histochemical procedures can be utilized to explore the chemical composition and functional activities of cells.
An efficient grid lattice algorithm for pricing American-style options

Option pricing is an important area of research in the finance community. In this paper, we develop a computationally feasible and efficient lattice algorithm in pricing American-style options. The key idea is to build a time adjusted grid lattice model and afterwards implement backward induction to price options. The time adjusted grid lattice guarantees high accuracy in relatively few discrete finite nodes. To illustrate the performance of the lattice algorithm, European and American options are priced separately, and results are compared to other popular methods in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. All suggest that the proposed lattice algorithm does a better job. Moreover, the fast convergence behaviours of the lattice algorithm as well as the relationship between the converged option price and the number of determination dates are studied as well.
Closure of the Operator Product Expansion in the Non-Unitary Bootstrap

We use the numerical conformal bootstrap in two dimensions to search for finite, closed sub-algebras of the operator product expansion (OPE), without assuming unitarity. We find the minimal models as special cases, as well as additional lines of solutions that can be understood in the Coulomb gas formalism. All the solutions we find that contain the vacuum in the operator algebra are cases where the external operators of the bootstrap equation are degenerate operators, and we argue that this follows analytically from the expressions in arXiv:1202.4698 for the crossing matrices of Virasoro conformal blocks. Our numerical analysis is a special case of the “Gliozzi” bootstrap method, and provides a simpler setting in which to study technical challenges with the method. In the supplementary material, we provide a Mathematica notebook that automates the calculation of the crossing matrices and OPE coefficients for degenerate operators using the formulae of Dotsenko and Fateev.
A Degenerate Isoperimetric Problem in the Plane

We establish sufficient conditions for existence of curves minimizing length as measured with respect to a degenerate metric on the plane while enclosing a specified amount of Euclidean area. Non-existence of minimizers can occur and examples are provided. This continues the investigation begun in Alama et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 70:340–377, 2017) where the metric $$ds^2$$ near the singularities equals a quadratic polynomial times the standard metric. Here, we allow the conformal factor to be any smooth non-negative potential vanishing at isolated points provided the Hessian at these points is positive definite. These isoperimetric curves, appropriately parametrized, arise as traveling wave solutions to a bi-stable Hamiltonian system.
Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory

Computer science and economics have engaged in a lively interaction over the past fifteen years, resulting in the new field of algorithmic game theory. Many problems that are central to modern computer science, ranging from resource allocation in large networks to online advertising, involve interactions between multiple self-interested parties. Economics and game theory offer a host of useful models and definitions to reason about such problems. The flow of ideas also travels in the other direction, and concepts from computer science are increasingly important in economics. This book grew out of the author's Stanford University course on algorithmic game theory, and aims to give students and other newcomers a quick and accessible introduction to many of the most important concepts in the field. The book also includes case studies on online advertising, wireless spectrum auctions, kidney exchange, and network management.
The measurement and influence of surface charges on the inception voltage between dielectric and metal dielectric surfaces

This summary of results on charge measurements made on dielectric surfaces is being written to cover the necessary requirements for an oral presentation, which has already been cleared in the form of a short abstract, at the Conference on Electrical Insulation in Pittsburgh, October 8, 1958.
Food for thought: the birth-order effect and resource allocation in Indonesia

ABSTRACTDespite the large literature linking birth order to socio-economic outcomes, research uncovering the mechanisms that drive these effects has been rare. We construct a unique measure of nutritional variety to examine whether differential resource allocation among siblings explains the birth-order effect on cognitive ability. We document birth-order differences among children and young adults, showing that second and third borns perform worse on cognitive assessments compared to their firstborn siblings. We find further evidence suggesting that second- and third-born children frequently eat a smaller variety of food than their first-born counterparts. However, this differentiation in food allocation does not appear to drive the differences in cognitive ability in our sample. To our knowledge, this article is the first both to confirm the presence of a birth-order effect on cognition in a developing country and to test empirically whether a difference in food allocation contributes to this effect.
Voluntary Taxation and Beyond: The Promise of Social-Contracting Voting Mechanisms

Would you volunteer to pay a carbon tax if 99% of other Americans also volunteered to pay such a tax? Instead of traditional referenda, it is possible to structure plebiscites which would only bind a subset of the population (e.g., to be subject to a carbon tax) if that subset’s individually chosen conditions for participation are met. While provision-point mechanisms with exogenously set provision points have garnered billions of dollars in private contributions, a broader class of “social contracting” mechanisms exist that allow individuals to bid on their preferred provision points. This article shows how both partial and probabilistic bidding schemes might foster voluntary subpopulation participation in a range of public good applications (including sexual assault reporting and civil disobedience), and reports results from a series of randomized surveys of Internet respondents assessing the potential support for such subgroup “social contracting.” The respondent bids would, for example, support an equilibrium in which approximately 25% of the public would voluntarily commit to pay an additional 10% tax on electricity.
Minimizing ecological damage from road improvement in tropical forests

A spatial econometric model is used to link road upgrading to forest clearing and biodiversity loss in the moist tropical forests of Bolivia, Cameroon, and Myanmar. Using 250-meter cells, the model estimates the relationship between the rate of forest clearing in a cell and its distance to the urban market, with explicit attention given to road quality and simultaneity, terrain elevation and slope, the agricultural opportunity value of the land, and its legal protection status. Forest clearing is found to be most responsive to the distance to the nearest urban market, especially with secondary roads with lower typical speeds. Using the estimated forest-clearing response elasticities and a composite biodiversity indicator, an index of expected biodiversity loss from upgrading secondary roads to primary status is computed in each cell. The results identify areas in the three countries where high expected biodiversity losses may warrant additional protection as road upgrading continues. In addition, the results provide ecological risk ratings for individual road corridors that can inform environmentally sensitive infrastructure investment programs.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions Using COP Catalysts

ConspectusAllylic amides, amines, and esters are key synthetic building blocks. Their enantioselective syntheses under mild conditions is a continuing pursuit of organic synthesis methods development. One opportunity for the synthesis of these building blocks is by functionalization of prochiral double bonds using palladium(II) catalysis. In these reactions, nucleopalladation mediated by a chiral palladium(II) catalyst generates a new heteroatom-substituted chiral center. However, reactions where nucleopalladation occurs with antarafacial stereoselectivity are difficult to render enantioselective because of the challenge of transferring chiral ligand information across the square-planar palladium complex to the incoming nucleophile.In this Account, we describe the development and use of enantiopure palladium(II) catalysts of the COP (chiral cobalt oxazoline palladacyclic) family for the synthesis of enantioenriched products from starting materials derived from prochiral allylic alcohols. We begin with ini...
To the New World and Back Again: Return Migrants in the Age of Mass Migration:

The authors compile large data sets from Norwegian and US historical censuses to study return migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913). Norwegian immigrants who returned to Norway held lower-paid occupations than did Norwegian immigrants who stayed in the United States, both before and after their first transatlantic migration, suggesting they were negatively selected from the migrant pool. Upon returning to Norway, return migrants held higher-paid occupations relative to Norwegians who never moved, despite hailing from poorer backgrounds. These patterns suggest that despite being negatively selected, return migrants had been able to accumulate savings and could improve their economic circumstances once they returned home.
Land-atmosphere coupling and climate prediction over the U.S. Southern Great Plains

Biases in land-atmosphere coupling in climate models can contribute to climate prediction biases, but land models are rarely evaluated in the context of this coupling. We tested land-atmosphere coupling and explored effects of land surface parameterizations on climate prediction in a single-column version of the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) and an offline Community Land Model (CLM4.5). The correlation between leaf area index (LAI) and surface evaporative fraction (ratio of latent to total turbulent heat flux) was substantially under-predicted compared to observations in the U.S. Southern Great Plains, while the correlation between soil moisture and evaporative fraction was over-predicted by CLM4.5. To estimate the impacts of these errors on climate prediction, we modified CLM4.5 by prescribing observed LAI, increasing soil resistance to evaporation, increasing minimum stomatal conductance, and increasing leaf reflectance. The modifications improved the predicted soil moisture-EF and LAI-EF correlations in offline CLM4.5 and reduced the root mean squared error in summer 2 m air temperature and precipitation in the coupled model. The modifications had the largest effect on prediction during a drought in summer 2006, when a warm bias in daytime 2 m air temperature was reduced from +6° C to a smaller cold bias of -1.3° C, and a corresponding dry bias in precipitation was reduced from -111 mm to -23 mm. The role of vegetation in droughts and heat waves is likely under-predicted in CESM1.2.2, and improvements in land surface models can improve prediction of climate extremes.
Apical Sarcomere-like Actomyosin Contracts Nonmuscle Drosophila Epithelial Cells

Actomyosin networks generate contractile force that changes cell and tissue shape. In muscle cells, actin filaments and myosin II appear in a polarized structure called a sarcomere, in which myosin II is localized in the center. Nonmuscle cortical actomyosin networks are thought to contract when nonmuscle myosin II (myosin) is activated throughout a mixed-polarity actin network. Here, we identified a mutant version of the myosin-activating kinase, ROCK, that localizes diffusely, rather than centrally, in epithelial cell apices. Surprisingly, this mutant inhibits constriction, suggesting that centrally localized apical ROCK/myosin activity promotes contraction. We determined actin cytoskeletal polarity by developing a barbed end incorporation assay for Drosophila embryos, which revealed barbed end enrichment at junctions. Our results demonstrate that epithelial cells contract with a spatially organized apical actomyosin cortex, involving a polarized actin cytoskeleton and centrally positioned myosin, with cell-scale order that resembles a muscle sarcomere.
The p150N domain of chromatin assembly factor-1 regulates Ki-67 accumulation on the mitotic perichromosomal layer

Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) deposits histones during DNA synthesis. The p150 subunit of human CAF-1 contains an N-terminal domain (p150N) that is dispensable for histone deposition but promotes the localization of specific loci (nucleolar-associated domains [NADs]) and proteins to the nucleolus during interphase. One of the p150N-regulated proteins is proliferation antigen Ki-67, whose depletion also decreases the nucleolar association of NADs. Ki-67 is also a fundamental component of the perichromosomal layer (PCL), a sheath of proteins surrounding condensed chromosomes during mitosis. We show here that a subset of p150 localizes to the PCL during mitosis and that p150N is required for normal levels of Ki-67 accumulation on the PCL. This activity requires the sumoylation-interacting motif within p150N, which is also required for the nucleolar localization of NADs and Ki-67 during interphase. In this manner, p150N coordinates both interphase and mitotic nuclear structures via Ki67.
AVOIDING PATELLAR PROBLEMS IN TKA: DO'S AND DON'TS

Functional restoration of patella kinematics is an essential component of TKA, whether the patella is replaced or not. This goal is accomplished by a multifactorial approach: establish proper component position and alignment, especially rotation; avoid IR of the femoral and ER of the tibial components; maintain correct joint line position; achieve symmetrical soft tissue balance. Most modern TKA designs have an anatomic trochlear groove shape to enable midline tracking. Patella implants are better designed as well with three equilateral lugs for fixation and either dome or anatomic shape. The apex of the patella component should be aligned with the apex of the patella raphe which is more medial than lateral. This method leaves an island of exposed lateral patella facet which is managed with the “lateral slat technique” to be described. It is essentially an intraosseous lateral release. The early mobilization of modern TKA patients demands watertight closure to prevent soft tissue attenuation and late tracking issues. When confronted with a patient with a laterally dislocated patella, implementation of the “lateral slat technique” should be done at the approach to obtain midline tracking. Such patients require a median parapatellar (MPP) approach and may need distal-lateral vastus medialis advancement (Insall Procedure). Adherence to the principles iterated herein will produce a happy patient with good patello-femoral kinematics and function.
On the dynamics and design of a two-body wave energy converter

Abstract A two-body wave energy converter oscillating in heave is studied in this paper. The energy is extracted through the relative motion between the floating and submerged bodies. A linearized model in the frequency domain is adopted to study the dynamics of such a two-body system with consideration of both the linear viscous damping and the hydrodynamic damping. The closed form solution of the maximum absorption power and corresponding power takeoff parameters are obtained. The suboptimal and optimal designs for a two-body system are proposed based on the closed form solution. The physical insight of the optimal design is to have one of the damped natural frequencies of the two body system the same as, or as close as possible to, the excitation frequency. A case study is conducted to investigate the influence of the submerged body on the absorption power of a two-body system subjected to suboptimal and optimal design under regular and irregular wave excitations. It is found that the absorption power of the two-body system can be significantly higher than that of the single body system with the same floating buoy in both regular and irregular waves. In regular waves, it is found that the mass of the submerged body should be designed with an optimal value in order to achieve the maximum absorption power for a given floating buoy in the presence of viscous damping. The viscous damping on the submerged body should be as small as possible for a given mass in both regular and irregular waves.
Sclerosing TFEB-rearrangement renal cell carcinoma: a recurring histologic pattern ☆

Renal cell carcinoma with TFEB rearrangement (t[6;11][p21;q13]) was initially recognized to be composed of dual populations of large cells with clear cytoplasm and small cells forming rosettes around hyaline material. With increasing awareness, however, the spectrum of described morphology has been found to be more heterogeneous. We report a 54-year-old woman who underwent partial nephrectomy for a 2.4-cm renal mass, composed of fibrosis, hyalinization, calcification, and ossification and a smaller component of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse positivity for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and PAX8, patchy labeling for melan-A, human melanosome, and cathepsin K, and negative caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, TFE3 protein, carbonic anhydrase IX, CD10, cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, and inhibin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed rearrangement of TFEB and not TFE3. Together with one recent case in another report, our findings suggest that extensive sclerosis and ossification may be a less common recurring histology of TFEB-rearrangement renal cell carcinoma.
A priori filtered chemical source term modeling for LES of high Karlovitz number premixed flames

Abstract Assumptions behind closure models for the filtered source term are studied a priori using results from DNS of turbulent n-heptane/air premixed flames at varying Karlovitz numbers. Simulations with both detailed chemistry and tabulated chemistry, as well as unity and non-unity Lewis numbers, are used to determine if finite-rate chemistry and differential diffusion effects affect the filtered chemical source terms. While the unfiltered source term shows large fluctuations, the filtered source terms from detailed chemistry and tabulated chemistry are in good agreement at sufficiently large filter widths (Δ ≳ lF). Using the concept of optimal estimators, it is shown that a tabulation approach using the filtered progress variable and its variance can predict accurately the filtered chemical source terms. Finally, the filtered source terms from the DNS are compared to predictions from two commonly assumed sub-filter probability density function models. Both models show deviations from the filtered DNS source terms but predict accurately the mean turbulent flame speed. The results illustrate the potential of using simple tabulated chemistry approaches based on presumed PDFs for LES of premixed flames in the thin and distributed reaction zones regimes.
A new twist on glass: A brittle material enabling flexible integrated photonics

Glass is in general brittle and therefore usually cannot sustain large deformation. Recent advances in glass material development as well as micro-mechanical designs, however, are set to defy the conventional wisdom through the demonstration of flexible integrated photonics that can be bent, twisted, and even stretched without compromising its structural integrity and optical performance. In this paper, we review the latest progress in this emerging field, and discuss the rational material and mechanical engineering principles underlying the extraordinary flexibility of these photonic structures. Leveraging these design strategies, we demonstrated bendable chalcogenide glass waveguide circuits, flexible glass waveguide-integrated nanomembrane photodetectors, and stretchable glass photonics.
Bromodomains in Protozoan Parasites: Evolution, Function, and Opportunities for Drug Development

Parasitic infections remain one of the most pressing global health concerns of our day, affecting billions of people and producing unsustainable economic burdens. The rise of drug-resistant parasites has created an urgent need to study their biology in hopes of uncovering new potential drug targets. It has been established that disrupting gene expression by interfering with lysine acetylation is detrimental to survival of apicomplexan (Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.) and kinetoplastid (Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp.) parasites. As "readers" of lysine acetylation, bromodomain proteins have emerged as key gene expression regulators and a promising new class of drug target. Here we review recent studies that demonstrate the essential roles played by bromodomain-containing proteins in parasite viability, invasion, and stage switching and present work showing the efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors as novel antiparasitic agents. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of bromodomain proteins in representative pathogens, some of which possess unique features that may be specific to parasite processes and useful in future drug development.
Software defined adaptive MIMO visible light communications after an obstruction

We experimentally demonstrate a software-defined 2×2 MIMO VLC system employing link adaptation of spatial multiplexing and diversity. The average error-free spectral efficiency of 12 b/s/Hz is achieved over 2 meters indoor transmission after an obstruction.
An N log N Parallel Fast Direct Solver for Kernel Matrices

Kernel matrices appear in machine learning and non-parametric statistics. Given N points in d dimensions and a kernel function that requires O(d) work to evaluate, we present an O(dN log N)-work algorithm for the approximate factorization of a regularized kernel matrix, a common computational bottleneck in the training phase of a learning task. With this factorization, solving a linear system with a kernel matrix can be done with O(N log N) work. Our algorithm only requires kernel evaluations and does not require that the kernel matrix admits an efficient global low rank approximation. Instead, our factorization only assumeslow-rank properties for the off-diagonal blocks under anappropriate row and column ordering. We also present a hybrid method that, when the factorization is prohibitively expensive, combines a partial factorization with iterative methods. As a highlight, we are able to approximately factorize a dense 11M-by-11M kernel matrixin 2 minutes on 3,072 x86 "Haswell" cores and a 4.5M-by-4.5M matrix in 1 minute using 4,352 "Knights Landing" cores.
Local Okounkov bodies and limits in prime characteristic

This article is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of certain sequences of ideals in rings of prime characteristic. These sequences, which we call p-families of ideals, are ubiquitous in prime characteristic commutative algebra (e.g., they occur naturally in the theories of tight closure, Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity, and F-signature). We associate to each p-family of ideals an object in Euclidean space that is analogous to the Newton–Okounkov body of a graded family of ideals, which we call a p-body. Generalizing the methods used to establish volume formulas for the Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity and F-signature of semigroup rings, we relate the volume of a p-body to a certain asymptotic invariant determined by the corresponding p-family of ideals. We apply these methods to obtain new existence results for limits in positive characteristic, an analogue of the Brunn–Minkowski theorem for Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity, and a uniformity result concerning the positivity of a p-family.
Capital Structure and Corporate Performance in Late Imperial Russia

We investigate the financing of corporations in industrialization's early stages. A new balance sheet database featuring all Imperial Russian corporations in 1914 suggests that Russian corporations exhibited considerable financial flexibility. We emphasize financing differences between two types of Russian corporations: share partnerships and A-corporations. Share partnerships issued greater dividends as a proportion of share capital or profits, were less likely to issue bonds, and had larger accounts payable. Financial strategies varied with age, size, and sector in a manner consistent with modern corporate finance theories. This optimistic assessment suggests that absence of low-cost incorporation impeded Russian industrial and economic development.
Information-theoretic analysis of refractory effects in the P300 speller

The P300 speller is a brain-computer interface that enables people with neuromuscular disorders to communicate based on eliciting event-related potentials (ERP) in electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. One challenge to reliable communication is the presence of refractory effects in the P300 ERP that induces temporal dependence in the user's EEG responses. We propose a model for the P300 speller as a communication channel with memory. By studying the maximum information rate on this channel, we gain insight into the fundamental constraints imposed by refractory effects. We construct codebooks based on the optimal input distribution, and compare them to existing codebooks in literature.
The (dis)advantages of clearinghouses before the Fed

Abstract Operating in individual cities, US clearinghouses were the closest thing to a central bank before 1914, but they only assisted banks that chose to join the association. Using an annual bank-level database for seven states between 1880 and 1910, this paper shows that after the entry of a clearinghouse member banks were less likely and nonmember banks in the same city were more likely to close. The results are driven by the fact that the presence of clearinghouses led all banks to become more exposed to systemic liquidity risk, yet provided liquidity only to member banks during panics.
Ties That Bind: Characterizing Classes by Attributes and Social Ties

Given a set of attributed subgraphs known to be from different classes, how can we discover their differences? There are many cases where collections of subgraphs may be contrasted against each other. For example, they may be as- signed ground truth labels (spam/not-spam), or it may be desired to directly compare the biological networks of different species or compound networks of different chemicals. In this work we introduce the problem of characterizing the differences between attributed subgraphs that belong to different classes. We define this characterization problem as one of partitioning the attributes into as many groups as the number of classes, while maximizing the total attributed quality score of all the given subgraphs. We show that our attribute-to-class assignment problem is NP-hard and an optimal (1 -- 1/e)-approximation algorithm exists. We also propose two different faster heuristics that are linear-time in the number of attributes and subgraphs. Unlike previous work where only attributes were taken into account for characterization, here we exploit both attributes and social ties (i.e. graph structure). Through extensive experiments, we compare our proposed algorithms, show findings that agree with human intuition on datasets from Amazon co-purchases, Congressional bill sponsorships and DBLP co-authorships. We also show that our approach of characterizing subgraphs is better suited for sense-making than discriminating classification approaches.
Computationally efficient 2-D adaptive filters based on essentially separable FIR structures

Adaptive filters are used successfully in sonar, radar, communications, seismology and biomedical engineering applications [1]. This paper presents a theory of how computational complexity of 2-D adaptive FIR filters can be reduced by using essentially separable 2-D FIR filter structures. Results illustrate that essentially separable filters are more computationally efficient than conventional 2-D adaptive filters. The trade-off is the error introduced by approximating the 2-D filter as a parallel bank of separable sub-filters. Experimental results show that the coefficients of a 2-D non-separable filter are more accurately identified as the number of separable sections increases in the essentially separable structure.
Sharp weighted bounds without testing or extrapolation

We give a short proof of the sharp weighted bound for sparse operators that holds for all p,1 < p < ∞. By recent developments this implies the bounds hold for any Calderon–Zygmund operator. The novelty of our approach is that we avoid two techniques that are present in other proofs: two weight inequalities and extrapolation. Our techniques are applicable to fractional integral operators as well.
A Liouville comparison principle for solutions of semilinear parabolic second-order partial differential inequalities

We obtain a new Liouville comparison principle for entire weak solutions $(u,v)$ of semilinear parabolic second-order partial differential inequalities of the form $$ u_t -{\mathcal L}u- |u|^{q-1}u\geq v_t -{\mathcal L}v- |v|^{q-1}v (*) $$ in the half-space ${\mathbb S} = {\mathbb R}^1_+ \times \mathbb R^n$. Here $n\geq 1$, $q>0$ and $$ {\mathcal L}=\sum\limits_{i,j=1}^n\frac{\partial}{{\partial}x_i} [ a_{ij}(t, x) \frac{\partial}{{\partial}x_j}],$$ where $a_{ij}(t,x)$, $i,j=1,...,n$, are functions defined, measurable and locally bounded in $\mathbb S$, and such that $a_{ij}(t,x)=a_{ji}(t,x)$ and $$ \sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(t,x)\xi_i\xi_j\geq 0 $$ for almost all $(t,x)\in \mathbb S$ and all $\xi \in \mathbb R^n$. The critical exponents in the Liouville comparison principle obtained, which responsible for the non-existence of non-trivial (i.e., such that $u\not \equiv v$) entire weak solutions to (*) in $\mathbb S$, depend on the behaviour of the coefficients of the operator $\mathcal L$ at infinity. As direct corollaries we obtain a new Fujita comparison principle for entire weak solutions $(u,v)$ of the Cauchy problem for the inequality (*), as well as new Liouville-type and Fujita-type theorems for non-negative entire weak solutions $u$ of the inequality (*) in the case when $v\equiv 0$. All the results obtained are new and sharp.
ACCURACY OF GLENOID VERSION AND INCLINATION: A COMPARISON OF SURGICARE AND BLUEPRINT SURGICAL PLANNING SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

Background Virtual planning of shoulder arthroplasty has gained recent popularity. Combined with patients specific instrumentation, several systems have been developed that allow the surgeon to accurately appreciate and correct glenoid deformities in version and inclination. While each virtual software platform utilizes a consistent algorithm for calculating these measurements, it is imperative for the surgeon to recognize any differences that may exist amongst software platforms and characterize any variability. Methods A case-control study of all CT scans of patients previously pre-operatively planned using MatchPoint SurgiCase® software were uploaded into the BluePrint software. The cohort represents surgical planning for total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty with varying degrees of glenoid deformity. Glenoid version and inclination will be recorded for each CT scan using both software platforms. Results A total of 38 patient CT scans previously planned using MatchPoint Surgicase® software were uploaded into the BluePrint software. The mean difference for glenoid version between the two software programs was 2.497° (±1.724°) with no significant differences in measured glenoid version readings between BluePrint and SurgiCase software (p=0.8127). No significant differences were seen in the measured glenoid inclination between the two software programs (p=0.733), with a mean difference for glenoid inclination between the two software programs at 5.150° ± 3.733° (figure 1). A Bland-Altman plot determined the 95% limits of agreement between the two programs at −5.879 to 6.116 degrees of glenoid version and −12.05 to 12.75 degrees of glenoid inclination. There was a significant statistical agreement between the two software programs measuring glenoid version and inclination in relation to glenoid wear position for the centered (p=0.004), posterior (p<0.001, p=0.003), posterior-superior (p<0.001, p<0.001), and superior (p=0.027, p=0.034) positions, respectively. Conclusions Both BluePrint and SurgiCase software platforms yield similar measurements for glenoid version and glenoid inclination. In the setting of glenoid wear in the posterior, posterior-superior or superior position, measurements of between two surgical platforms are in agreement.
High-Dimensional Bayesian Geostatistics.

With the growing capabilities of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) and user-friendly software, statisticians today routinely encounter geographicallyreferenced data containing observations from a large number of spatial locationsand time points. Over the last decade, hierarchical spatiotemporal processmodels have become widely deployed statistical tools for researchers to better understandthe complex nature of spatial and temporal variability. However, fittinghierarchical spatiotemporal models often involves expensive matrix computationswith complexity increasing in cubic order for the number of spatial locations andtemporal points. This renders such models unfeasible for large data sets. Thisarticle offers a focused review of two methods for constructing well-defined highlyscalable spatiotemporal stochastic processes. Both these processes can be used as“priors” for spatiotemporal random fields. The first approach constructs a lowrankprocess operating on a lower-dimensional subspace. The second approachconstructs a Nearest-Neighbor Gaussian Process (NNGP) that ensures sparseprecision matrices for its finite realizations. Both processes can be exploited asa scalable prior embedded within a rich hierarchical modeling framework to deliverfull Bayesian inference. These approaches can be described as model-basedsolutions for big spatiotemporal datasets. The models ensure that the algorithmiccomplexity has ∼ n floating point operations (flops), where n the number of spatiallocations (per iteration). We compare these methods and provide some insightinto their methodological underpinnings.
The search for orally active medications through combinatorial chemistry

The literature of combinatorial chemistry is reviewed with particular attention paid to considerations of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the design and evaluation of libraries containing drug-like molecules. Published libraries are evaluated in particular for the likelihood that the products would possess oral bioavailability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med. Res. Rev., 18, No. 3, 149–185, 1998.
Assisted reproductive technology and women’s choice to pursue professional careers

We examine the impact of assisted reproductive technology on women’s choice to pursue professional careers. We hypothesize that the availability of assisted reproductive technology increases the expected benefits of a professional degree by allowing women to delay childbearing in their 20s and 30s while establishing their careers, thereby reaping greater financial benefit from human capital investment. State-level timing differences in the enactment of laws which mandated infertility treatment coverage in employer-sponsored health plans allow us to exploit state, year, and cohort variation in women’s ages at the time the laws are passed. These insurance mandates dramatically increase access to assisted reproductive technology. Using a triple difference strategy, we find that a mandate to cover assisted reproductive technology does increase the probability that a woman chooses to invest in a professional degree and to work in a professional career.
A wavelet-based approach to monitoring Parkinson's disease symptoms

Parkinson's disease is a neuro-degenerative disorder affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. Lately, there has been considerable interest in systems for at-home monitoring of patients, using wearable devices which contain inertial measurement units. We present a new wavelet-based approach for analysis of data from single wrist-worn smart-watches, and show high detection performance for tremor, bradykinesia, and dyskinesia, which have been the major targets for monitoring in this context. We also discuss the implication of our controlled-experiment results for uncontrolled home monitoring of freely behaving patients.
Does Financial Reporting Conservatism Mitigate Underinvestment

This study examines the role of financial reporting conservatism in mitigating underinvestment problems. Recognizing that volatile cash flows increase the need to access external capital markets and that agency conflicts and information asymmetry make external capital costlier than internal capital, which leads managers to forgo valuable investment projects, Minton and Schrand document a negative relation between cash flow volatility and investment. We draw on Minton and Schrand’s framework to isolate underinvestment problems and hypothesize and document that conservatism mitigates the negative relation between cash flow volatility and investment and that this mitigative effect is more pronounced for firms with ex ante more severe agency conflicts. We also document that conservatism mitigates the sensitivity of investment to cash flow volatility by facilitating access to external capital.
Focal Renal Cortical Necrosis Associated With Zomepirac

Anaphylactoid shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and anuric renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in a patient receiving zomepirac sodium for toothache. Although renal function showed gradual improvement after seven days of anuria, the recovery was slow and incomplete. Renal biopsy three weeks after the onset of renal failure revealed evidence of focal renal cortical necrosis. Association of zomepirac administration with renal cortical necrosis is not known to have been previously demonstrated. This observation adds another dimension to the previously reported renal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, especially zomepirac. The proportions of lymphocyte subsets, as defined with monoclonal antibodies, and the proliferative response to mitogens were normal. The patient's lymphocytes showed no proliferative response to zomepirac. Serum complement components and immunoglobulin levels were within normal limits, and radioallergosorbent testing gave negative results. The mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction to zomepirac in this case, therefore, remains unclear.
Analytic continuation of local (un)stable manifolds with rigorous computer assisted error bounds

We develop a validated numerical procedure for continuation of local stable/unstable manifold patches attached to equilibrium solutions of ordinary differential equations. The procedure has two steps. First we compute an accurate high order Taylor expansion of the local invariant manifold. This expansion is valid in some neighborhood of the equilibrium. An important component of our method is that we obtain mathematically rigorous lower bounds on the size of this neighborhood, as well as validated a posteriori error bounds for the polynomial approximation. In the second step we use a rigorous numerical integrating scheme to propagate the boundary of the local stable/unstable manifold as long as possible, i.e., as long as the integrator yields validated error bounds below some desired tolerance. The procedure exploits adaptive remeshing strategies which track the growth/decay of the Taylor coefficients of the advected curve. In order to highlight the utility of the procedure, we study the embedding of some...
Antibiotic Prophylaxis of 1,036 Patients Undergoing Elective Surgical Procedures. A Prospective, Randomized Comparative Trial of Cefazolin, Cefoxitin, and Cefotaxime in a Prepaid Medical Practice

The mvestlgatlve work of Burke and colleagues [1,2] ushered m the era of antlblotlc surgical prophylaxis m the early 1960s Delivery of parenteral antlblotlcs during a crltlcal preoperative interval has markedly reduced the rates of wound mfectlons after a wide variety of operative procedures [3,4] From these early studies, principally mvolvmg colon operations, the use of perloperatlve parenteral antlblotlcs has evolved to include procedures mvolvmg the blllary and upper gastromtestmal tract, as well as the obstetric and gynecologlc, chest and heart, bone and Joint, and urologic areas [5,6] The length of prophylaxis and the selection of effective agents has received new emphasis with the recent cost contamment legalatlon, although Stone et al [7] showed m 1978 that long courses of antlblotlcs beyond the recovery room were not beneficial Many recent mvestlgatlons have also demonstrated the chmcal efficacy of single-dose preoperative regimens, partlcularly for the newer broad spectrum &lactams [8131 These advanced spectrum cephalosporms are attractive choices for prophylaxis, thereby covering the maximum number of pathogens that cause surgical wound mfectlons [14,15] The 1983 Nosocomeal Infection Study from the Centers for Disease Control showed the pathogens causing surgical wound mfectlons (6,163 isolates) to be Staphylococcus aureus 19 percent, Escherlchla co11 114 percent, enterococci 114 percent, coagulase-negative sta-
Fairness testing: testing software for discrimination

This paper defines software fairness and discrimination and develops a testing-based method for measuring if and how much software discriminates, focusing on causality in discriminatory behavior. Evidence of software discrimination has been found in modern software systems that recommend criminal sentences, grant access to financial products, and determine who is allowed to participate in promotions. Our approach, Themis, generates efficient test suites to measure discrimination. Given a schema describing valid system inputs, Themis generates discrimination tests automatically and does not require an oracle. We evaluate Themis on 20 software systems, 12 of which come from prior work with explicit focus on avoiding discrimination. We find that (1) Themis is effective at discovering software discrimination, (2) state-of-the-art techniques for removing discrimination from algorithms fail in many situations, at times discriminating against as much as 98% of an input subdomain, (3) Themis optimizations are effective at producing efficient test suites for measuring discrimination, and (4) Themis is more efficient on systems that exhibit more discrimination. We thus demonstrate that fairness testing is a critical aspect of the software development cycle in domains with possible discrimination and provide initial tools for measuring software discrimination.
The Role of Bladder Augmentation in Undiversion

Twenty-nine pediatric patients underwent bladder augmentation as part of their urinary undiversion. Indications included spina bifida deformity, contracted small bladder, and extrophy. Cecal and sigmoid segments were used. Prior diversion included ureterointestinal conduits, vesicostomies , ureterostomies, and suprapubic catheter drainage. In most cases the renal function was normal. Intermittent catheterization is used in almost every case. Several illustrative cases are shown.
Understanding process and design systematics: Case study on monitoring strategy and understanding root cause of fin defectivity

As design rules shrink, semiconductor manufacturing becomes more complex which leads to a huge increase in the defects which could cause a non-yielding die. Process control and inline defect analysis becomes widely relevant to help shorten the learning process from R&D to production. This paper discusses the various methodologies which leverage patterned wafer inspection tools to help analyze defect mechanisms and figure out an inline process monitor to drive defect reduction and control. A defect example from FinFETs is used throughout the paper, demonstrating the clever use of design grouping and design based inspected areas. These helped to determine the root cause of the problem of systematics in FinFET and also created a monitoring strategy for the same. The results support the effectiveness of the tools by helping to reduce defectivity in the FinFET module and also creating a process monitor which can filter large numbers of defects to provide timely process learning.
Real-world learning with Markov logic networks

Machine learning and data mining systems have achieved many impressive successes, but to become truly widespread they must be able to work with less help from people. This requires automating the data cleaning and integration process, handling multiple types of objects and relations at once, and easily incorporating domain knowledge. In this talk, I describe how we are pursuing these aims using Markov logic networks, a representation that combines first-order logic and probabilistic graphical models. Data from multiple sources is integrated by automatically learning mappings between the objects and terms in them. Rich relational structure is learned using a combination of ILP and statistical techniques. Knowledge is incorporated by viewing logic statements as soft constraints on the models to be learned. Application to a real-world university domain shows our approach to be accurate, efficient, and less labor-intensive than traditional ones.
End-to-end Learning for Short Text Expansion

Effectively making sense of short texts is a critical task for many real world applications such as search engines, social media services, and recommender systems. The task is particularly challenging as a short text contains very sparse information, often too sparse for a machine learning algorithm to pick up useful signals. A common practice for analyzing short text is to first expand it with external information, which is usually harvested from a large collection of longer texts. In literature, short text expansion has been done with all kinds of heuristics. We propose an end-to-end solution that automatically learns how to expand short text to optimize a given learning task. A novel deep memory network is proposed to automatically find relevant information from a collection of longer documents and reformulate the short text through a gating mechanism. Using short text classification as a demonstrating task, we show that the deep memory network significantly outperforms classical text expansion methods with comprehensive experiments on real world data sets.