cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of U.S. Foreign Language Teachers Toward Teaching Culture

The National Standards for Foreign Language Teaching delineate broad goal areas for foreign language teaching in the U.S. with the overarching goal of “educating students who are linguistically and culturally equipped to communicate successfully in a pluralistic American society and abroad” (NSFLL, 1996). These five goal areas Communication, Culture, Connections, Communities and Comparisons , frame national language curricula. However even with such a stated focus on preparing students to function in a multicultural, multilingual world, previous research has shown that language teaching often is solely prioritized in foreign language classrooms in the United States. This study examines whether or not contemporary foreign language teachers from across the U.S. still engage in the common practice of teaching about culture at the surface level or whether or not they lead students to a deeper understanding of how cultural products, practices, and perspectives are related.
Nose pressure distribution and separation on an inclined axisymmetric body.

When a body of revolution is inclined to a small angle of attack, a large region of separated flow occurs on the leeward side of the body. The effect of this viscous phenomenon on the surface pressure distribution of a hemispherical nose with a cylindrical afterbody is examined.
Evaluation of cysteine 283 and glutamic acid 284 in the coenzyme binding site of Salmonella typhimurium glutamate dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesis and reaction with the nucleotide analogue 2-[4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,N6-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate.

NADP(+)-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium was previously shown to react irreversibly at the coenzyme site with the nucleotide analogue 2-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,N6-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate (2-BDB-T epsilon A 2',5'-DP) yielding a partially active enzyme, and inactivation was attributed to modification of the peptide Leu282-Cys-Glu-Ile-Lys286 (Bansal, A., Dayton, M.A., Zalkin, H., and Colman, R.F. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 9827-9835). Three mutant enzymes have now been engineered, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified: the single mutants C283I and E284Q and the double mutant C283I:E284Q. The wild-type and mutant enzymes have similar specific activities and Km values for alpha-ketoglutarate, ammonium ion, and NADPH, indicating that neither cysteine 283 nor glutamic acid 284 is essential for activity. The mutant enzyme E284Q, like wild-type glutamate dehydrogenase, is substantially inactivated by 2-BDB-T epsilon A 2',5'-DP. In contrast, the two cysteine mutant enzymes, C283I and C283I:E284Q, are not inactivated by 2-BDB-T epsilon A 2',5'-DP. Modified tryptic peptides with the sequence Leu-X-Glu(Gln)-Ile-Lys were isolated from wild-type or E284Q enzymes inactivated by 2-BDB-T epsilon A 2',5'-DP. This peptide was absent from digests of active wild-type enzyme modified in the presence of the protectant NADPH and from digests of active C283I enzyme after incubation with 2-BDB-T epsilon A 2',5'-DP. Although it is not required for catalytic activity, cysteine 283 is implicated by the results of the affinity labeling experiments as the reaction target of the nucleotide analogue and is located in the region of the coenzyme binding site.
RACE AND ONLINE CONTENT CREATION

The user-generated Web provides new tools for participation by creating content. Drawing from uses and gratifications and social identity gratifications paradigms, the authors investigated quantitatively the differentiated uses of participatory technologies among diverse racial and ethnic groups of college students. Using qualitative techniques, we also explored the different discourses and meanings these social groups attach to these tools. A survey showed that among online users, minority groups – African-Americans, Latinos, and Asians – tend to create online content more frequently than white students. Four focus groups with different racial and ethnic groups revealed that the meanings attached to these participatory tools differ. Although three main principles emerged as organizing discourses – connecting, enacting the self, and struggling – these themes were framed differently. For instance, while social connection with friends and family was mentioned across all groups, connecting with niche communi...
Enumerating Lattice Paths Touching or Crossing the Diagonal at a Given Number of Lattice Points

We give bijective proofs that, when combined with one of the combinatorial proofs of the general ballot formula, constitute a combinatorial argument yielding the number of lattice paths from $(0,0)$ to $(n,rn)$ that touch or cross the diagonal $y = rx$ at exactly $k$ lattice points. This enumeration partitions all lattice paths from $(0,0)$ to $(n,rn)$. While the resulting formula can be derived using results from Niederhausen, the bijections and combinatorial proof are new.
The Source Material for Large Solar Energetic Particle Events

We review evidence regarding the origin of material accelerated in large, gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. According to the two-class paradigm in place at the start of solar cycle 23, impulsive SEP events accelerate heated flare material, while gradual SEP events are accelerated out of the solar wind by shocks driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, new data from solar cycle 23 has shown that the energetic ions in gradual events often include composition signatures associated with impulsive events, including enrichments in ^3He, heavy elements such as Fe, and ionic charge states indicative of~ 10 MK temperatures. In addition, gradual SEP events differ in composition from bulk solar wind in several key respects, implying that solar wind is not the principal seed population for these events. Several lines of evidence show that CME-driven shocks accelerate principally suprathennal ions with velocities several times that of the solar wind. The suprathermal pool incorporates ions from impulsive solar flares and previous gradual events, CIR events, pickup ions, CME ejecta, and the suprathermal tail of the solar wind. This paper reviews evidence for the sources of ions accelerated in gradual SEP events, considers the composition and available densities of suprathermal ions, and describes models that attempt to account for the surprisingly variable composition of gradual SEP events. We find that below ~1 MeV/nucleon almost all events are Fe-rich compared to the average 5 to 12 MeV/nucleon SEP composition. Iron-rich SEP events above 10 Me V/nucleon occur mainly during periods when the intensity of suprathermal iron in the inner heliosphere is high, due mainly to previous gradual events.
Using Computing History to Enhance Teaching

This paper focuses on a “history approach” as a way of teaching courses in computing. This project, funded in part by the National Science Foundation of the United States, is to use history as an ongoing theme throughout a course through the adaptation of relevant historical materials. The paper shows how the authors used historical materials to enhance course delivery. The expectation is that using history can make for a positive change in a course from one of sterile factual content to one containing dynamic interludes involving people, places, and events. In this manner, computing courses should be much more interesting. This mode of teaching should also stimulate more students (non-specialists) to consider computing as their major field of study.
Hearth and Home: The Living Arrangements of Mexican Immigrants and U.S.-Born Mexican Americans

Utilizing data from the nationally representative, 1990 Panel Study of Income Dynamics—Latino Sample, this paper examines the living arrangements of Mexican heritage persons in the U.S., comparing immigrants to U.S. natives. Mexican immigrants are most likely to live with extended kin and unrelated persons upon recent arrival to the U.S. As time in the U.S. increases, such arrangements become less common. Three competing explanations for this pattern are addressed. While economic resources and life course stages are clearly linked to household formation for immigrants and U.S. natives, the findings indicate limited support for an acculturation hypothesis.
Evolution of transfer RNA molecules as a repetitive process.

Abstract Thirty-six transfer RNAs were aligned on the basis of the “clover-leaf” model and compared for homology. All these tRNAs have identical residues at eleven loci. Additional homology may occur in pairs of tRNAs for different amino acids in the same organism. This type of homology indicates that tRNAs for 2 different amino acids may evolve from a common ancestor by gene duplication. Such an evolutionary separation must include changes in the anticodon and in the recognition site for the activating enzyme.
Behavioral effects of N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE; "EVE").

Abstract Eight male rats were trained to discriminate 2.0 mg/kg N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE) from its vehicle using a two-lever, food-motivated operant discrimination task. Once trained, the rats showed a dose-dependent decrease in discriminative accuracy following administration of decreased doses of MDE (ED50=0.75 mg/kg). Administration of 1.5 mg/kg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a recently restricted Schedule I drug, produced 100% MDE-appropriate responding in the MDE-trained rats and decreased discriminative performance was similarly observed following lower doses of MDMA (ED50=0.62 mg/kg). The difference in relative potencies of MDE and MDMA in rats is reminiscent of those seen in human abusers who report effective oral psychotomimetic doses. Time-course data indicated that MDE has a fast onset, 100% drug-correct responding 10 min post-injection, and a peak effect between 10–20 min with declining effect at 60–120 min post-administration. These findings along with those of others show a pharmacological similarity between MDE and MDMA. Implications as to the future scheduling of MDE are discussed.
ON THE QUANTUM COMPLEXITY OF EVALUATING THE TUTTE POLYNOMIAL

We show that the problem of approximately evaluating the Tutte polynomial of triangular graphs at the points (q, 1/q) of the Tutte plane is BQP-complete for (most) roots of unity q. We also consider circular graphs and show that the problem of approximately evaluating the Tutte polynomial of these graphs at the point (e2πi/5, e-2πi/5) is DQC1-complete and at points for some integer k is in BQP. To show that these problems can be solved by a quantum computer, we rely on the relation of the Tutte polynomial of a planar G graph with the Jones and HOMFLY polynomial of the alternating link D(G) given by the medial graph of G. In the case of our graphs the corresponding links are equal to the plat and trace closures of braids. It is known how to evaluate the Jones and HOMFLY polynomial for closures of braids. To establish the hardness results, we use the property that the images of the generators of the braid group under the irreducible Jones–Wenzl representations of the Hecke algebra have finite order. We show that for each braid b we can efficiently construct a braid such that the evaluation of the Jones and HOMFLY polynomials of their closures at a fixed root of unity leads to the same value and that the closures of are alternating links.
ACP Journal Club. Human papillomavirus 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine prevented cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in young women.

Source Citation Paavonen J, Naud P, Salmeron J, et al. Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (P...
Teachers and parents as researchers using multiple baseline designs.

Two teachers and a parent used three basic multiple baseline designs to investigate the effects of systematic reinforcement and punishment procedures in the classroom and at home. (1) A fifth-grade teacher concurrently measured the same behavior (tardiness) in three stimulus situations (after morning, noon, and afternoon recesses). Posting the names of pupils on a chart titled “Today's Patriots” was made contingent on being on time after the noon recess, then successively also the morning and afternoon recesses. Tardiness was reduced to near zero rates at the points where contingencies were applied. (2) A highschool teacher recorded the same behavior (daily French-quiz grades) of three students. She then successively applied the same consequences (staying after school for individual tutoring for D and F grades) for each student. At the points where the contingency was applied, D and F grades were eliminated. (3) A mother concurrently measured three different behaviors (clarinet practice, Campfire project work, reading) of her 10-yr-old daughter. She successively applied the same contingency (going to bed early) for less than 30 min spent engaged in one after another of the behaviors. Marked increases in the behaviors were observed at the points where the contingency was applied.
ASCORBIC ACID AND GLYCOALKALOID CONTENT OF ATLANTIC AND SUPERIOR POTATO TUBERS AS AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION AND SOIL AMENDMENTS

Atlantic and Superior potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were collected at harvest from two field experiments in Maine during 1993 and 1994. Tubers were analyzed for ascorbic acid (ASC) and total glycoalkaloid (TGA) concentration within one month of harvest and after 4 to 5 months of storage at 10 C. ASC concentration was significantly higher in Superior than Atlantic at harvest and after storage. TGA concentration was consistently higher in Atlantic than Superior. Irrigation tended to slightly reduce ASC and increase α-solanine concentrations when applied too late in the season for yield benefits. Storage decreased tuber ASC content, but no specific pattern was observed for TGA changes. Soil amendment programs using compost and manure (22 Mg ha−1 potato compost + 45 Mg ha−1 manure) did not dramatically affect tuber ASC or TGA concentrations. ASC content of the tubers declined dramatically in storage, but no consistent pattern was found for tuber TGA changes. We conclude that genotype, growing environment, and storage time play much stronger roles in determining tuber ASC and TGA levels than do irrigation and soil management programs. We observed a negative relationship between the average tuber size of the assayed samples and ASC concentration in fall samplings; however, this relationship was not observed from storage. Average tuber size and TGA content generally displayed a negative relationship.
Doppler echocardiographic demonstration of pulmonary venous flow velocity in three patients with constrictive pericarditis before and after pericardiectomy

Abstract Doppler echocardiography can demonstrate intracardiac and vascular flow disturbances in patients with constrictive pericarditis. It has been used to study vena caval and atrioventricular valvular flow velocities and their changes with respiration in patients with constrictive pericarditis.1,2 Pulmonary venous flow velocity, when accurately measured using transesophageal Doppler echocardiography, adds another important dimension to the study of cardiac filling in constrictive pericarditis. It is the purpose of this report to provide better understanding of cardiac filling in constrictive pericarditis so that it can be differentiated from normal cardiac filling and that seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Path-integral calculations of normal liquid He-3

The first path-integral calculations of the properties of a strongly correlated continuum fermion system are described. The paths are restricted to the region of phase space with a positive trial density matrix, thereby avoiding the fermion sign problem. This restriction is exact if the nodes of the trial density matrix are correctly placed, but otherwise gives a physically reasonable approximation generalizing the ``fixed-node'' approximation used at zero temperature. Computations show that restricting the walks with the noninteracting density matrix gives good results for liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ above 1 K. Using imaginary-time-independent nodes or not allowing atomic exchange results in substantially poorer agreement with experimental energies.
Dirty spin ice: The effect of dilution on spin freezing in Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7

We have studied spin freezing in the diluted spin ice compound ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ where the nonmagnetic Y ions replace the magnetic Dy ions on the frustrated pyrochlore lattice. Magnetic ac and dc susceptibility data are presented with an analysis of relaxation times for dilutions of $x=0,$ 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4. Site dilution apparently decreases the relative number of spins participating in the icelike freezing near 16 K while leaving the freezing temperature unchanged. Correspondingly the distribution of relaxation times associated with the freezing is broadened only slightly with increasing dilution, suggesting that the freezing process observed near $T=16\mathrm{K}$ involves the development of local correlations among the spins.
On growth, identities and free subsemigroups for inverse semigroups of deficiency one

For any positive integer n > 1 we construct an example of inverse semigroup with n generators and n - 1 defining relations which has cubic growth and at least n generators in any presentation. This semigroup has the same set of identities as the free monogenic inverse semigroup. In particular, we give the first example of a one relation nonmonogenic inverse semigroup having polynomial growth. We also prove that for any positive integer n there exists an inverse semigroup ϒn of deficiency 1 and rank n + 1 such that ϒn has exponential growth and it does not contain nonmonogenic free inverse subsemigroups. Furthermore, ϒn satisfies the identity [[x, y], [z, t]]2 = [[x, y], [z, t]] of quasi-solvability and it contains a free subsemigroup of rank 2.
An Analysis of REIT Security Issuance Decisions

This article tests the ability of traditional capital structure theories to explain the issuance decisions of real estate investment trusts (REITs). For issuances made between 1997 and 2006, we find strong support for the market timing theory of capital structure. Controlling for past returns and growth, a REIT is more likely to issue equity when its price-to–net asset value ratio is high. This suggests that REITs issue equity in public markets when the cost of equity capital is lower in the public market than in the private market. Consistent with traditional market timing, REITs are more likely to issue equity after experiencing large price increases. We also find some support for REITs following the trade-off theory of capital structure. REITs are less likely to issue debt when proxies for expected bankruptcy costs are high.
Formal methods and industry

The Pentium processor bug, the failure of the AT&T switching system, the deaths related to overdosing from the Therac 25 irradiation machine, and reported software failures in Airbus aircraft provide evidence of the risks taken when we use advanced computer systems to control critical systems. When these critical systems are operational, financial resources, corporate reputations, industrial secrets, human lives, and the environment are all at risk. The complexity of these systems prohibits the use of conventional design and analysis techniques to provide high levels of confidence in the correct operation of these systems. The application of formal design and analysis to these critical systems is essential to provide this high level of confidence, and thus reduce the risks involved in the use of these systems.
Approximation algorithms for weighted matching

Approximation algorithms are given for the maximum weighted matching problem in planar and other n-vertex graphs of genus g < n. For a planar graph, our approximation runs in O(min{n(1/e)(log n)2, nc(1/e)}) time. For a graph of genus g (0 < g < n), the running time is O(n32 log n + g(1/e)n log n) time, given a drawing of the graph on a surface of genus g. Here, e is the relative error demanded of the approximation and c is a fixed constant.
Greener and Sustainable Chemistry

In the pursuit towards attaining sustainability, arrays of greener pathways are being carved to address the needs of the diverse chemical universe. The evolving area of green and sustainable chemistry envisions minimum hazard as the performance criterion while designing new chemical processes. Green Chemistry is defined as "the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products" [1]. Sustainable processes are being sought to explore alternatives to conventional chemical syntheses and transformations. Among several thrust areas for achieving this target includes: the utility of alternative feedstocks, preferably from renewable materials or waste from other industries; unconventional efficient reaction conditions and eco-friendly reaction media to accomplish the desired chemical transformations with minimized by-products or waste generation, and ideally avoiding the use of conventional volatile organic solvents, wherever possible. Other avenues for achieving this objective are to explore the generation of efficient catalytic processes, particularly magnetically retrievable nano-catalysts [1,2,3,4]. In addition to greener synthesis, the recyclability and reuse aspects for catalytic systems are extremely significant particularly when it boils down to the use of endangered elements and precious catalysts. Several friendlier applications in catalysis have been advanced via magnetically recoverable and recyclable nano-catalysts for oxidation, reduction, and multi-component condensation reactions [1,2,3,4] and this has made a terrific impact on the development of green chemical pathways [1]. The greener preparation of nanoparticles has been exemplified via the use of vitamins B1, B2, C, and tea [5] and wine polyphenols [6], beet juice [7] and other agricultural residues which function both as reducing and capping agents. This avoids the need to deploy toxic reducing agents, such as borohydrides or hydrazines and empowers simple and aqueous green synthetic methods to produce bulk quantities of nano-catalysts without the requirement for large amounts of insoluble templates [8]. [...]
"Half and half" woven and knitted Dacron grafts in the aortoiliac and aortofemoral positions: seven and one-half years follow-up.

One-hundred fifty-eight patients received specially manufactured aortoiliac or aortofemoral bifurcated grafts with one limb woven, the other knitted from Dacron. During an observation period ranging from 1,567 to 2,555 days (average 2,130 days) no statistically significant difference was found in either platelet adherence (30 patients studied) or in clinical patency. According to the results of the study, the type of graft (woven or knitted) did not seem to influence either platelet adherence or patency rate in the aortoiliac or aortofemoral positions.
The Role of the ISSN in the Electronic Linking Environment

When the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) was created in the 1970s as an identifier of journal titles, electronic formats of serials did not exist. As electronic formats of articles emerged for the same creative content, the ISSN changed from a work identifier to a manifestation (format) identifier. This article explores the role of the ISSN as a manifestation identifier of a serial in the electronic and paper environments and questions its suitability as such in linking citations to online articles. Serials Review 2003; 29:89–96.
Band spectrum of the GaH molecule

Abstract An extensive emission system of GaH, in the region 5200–6400 A, has been obtained from a King furnace containing gallium metal and hydrogen at 1500°C. Fourteen bands have been measured and analyzed on the assumption, previously made by Neuhaus, that they arise from a 3Π1,0-X1Σ+ transition. The following constants have been determined (cm−1): T e ω e xω e yω e B e α e γ e D e x10 4 3 Π 1 + 17622.01 1631.17 58.22 −7.47 6.692 0.326 −0.0315 4.89 3 Π 0 + 17337.08 1640.54 62.72 −6.195 6.394 0.276 −0.0400 2.62 X 1 Σ + 0 1604.52 28.77 +0.360 6.137 0.181 −0.0005 3.37 A relatively weak fifteenth band has been analyzed as the 0-0 band of the transition 3Π2-1Σ+. Its band center and rotational constants are just those one would expect if each of the above constants, a Ω , obeys the equation a2 - a1 = a1 - a0. Finally, diffuse features corresponding to transitions from an unstable state to the lowest three vibrational levels of the ground state have been observed between 4220 A and 4850 A.
Fieldable MEMS gas chromatograph for rapid determinations of explosive marker compounds in complex mixtures

A field-ready prototype employing an all-MEMS gas chromatographic microsystem (μGC) for the determination of explosive marker compounds at low concentrations is described. The μGC prototype, which is referred to as INTREPID, relies on a core of Si-micromachined components. The microfabricated analytical subsystem consists of a DRIE-Si/glass microfocuser (μF) packed with a bed of graphitized carbon adsorbent material, a DRIE-Si/glass microcolumn (μcolumn) with integrated heater and temperature sensors wall-coated with PDMS, and a chemiresistor (CR) array consisting of 4 sets of interdigital gold electrodes coated with thiolate-monolayer protected nanoparticles (MPN). A high volume sampler is included upstream of the μF to reduce limits of detection and analysis time. The instrument is controlled by a laptop running routines written in LabView. The three target analytes are 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), which are manufacturing byproducts of 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT), as well as the taggant 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB). A set of volatile organic compounds representative of jet fuel and common indoor air contaminants, was used to test the selectivity of the prototype. A complete analytical cycle requires 2 min and includes sampling, focusing, injection, separation, and detection. Limits of detection determined with the micro-analytical subsystem were 2.2, 0.5, and 0.9 ng for DMNB, 2,6-DNT, and 2,4-DNT which correspond to 0.30, 0.06, and 0.12 ppb in a 1-L air sample. CR-array response patterns are used to differentiate the markers from interferences.
First Report of Fruit Rot of Pumpkin Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae in Arkansas

During 2008, fruit rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) occurred on several cultivars in commercial fields in northeast and northwest Arkansas. Disease incidence ranged from 50 to 75% of the fruit, which were unmarketable. Symptoms included large (>10 cm), brown, corky lesions where the fruit was in contact with the soil. Initially, the lesions were water soaked. A cross section of the symptomatic fruit rind revealed a dry, brown, spongy rot with a light brown halo. Lesions finally became soft and wet, causing infected fruit to collapse. Masses of white mycelia surrounded advanced lesions. No rot symptoms were observed on the vines. Fusarium spp. were isolated from symptomatic fruit. Macroconidia obtained from field-infected fruit and pure potato dextrose agar (PDA) cultures of the predominant Fusarium sp. were morphologically similar. The straight, cylindrical, and robust macroconidia contained between five and seven septa. The apical cell was rounded and blunt and the basal cell was rounded. All three mor...
BETting on a new prostate cancer treatment

The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET)-containing proteins are a class of epigenetic regulators known as “chromatin readers,” which bind to acetylated lysines on histones, recruit transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, and can function as co-activators or co-repressors of gene transcription depending on the context.1,2 BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) is a conserved member of the BET family protein that includes other subfamily members such as BRD2, BRD3, and testis-specific BRDT. Studies with the small molecules, JQ1 and I-BET762, were the first to indicate the druggability of the BET bromodomain family.1,2 In addition to the NUT–BRD3/4 fusion in NUT midline carcinomas, MLL fusions in leukemias and MYC overexpression in variety of cancers have been suggested as targets of BET bromodomain inhibitors.1-3 Importantly, JQ1 has exhibited little or no toxicity in mice treated with high levels (50 mg/kg daily) over a month. While JQ1 itself is not a clinical lead compound, trials with BET inhibitors GSK525762 (GlaxoSmithKline), CPI-0610 (Constellation Pharmaceuticals), TEN-010 (Tensha Therapeutics), and OTX-015 (Oncoethix) have been initiated for a variety of malignancies, and several other BET inhibitors are in pre-clinical development.4 Due to their favorable side-effect profiles, BET inhibition has even been contemplated in non-disease indications such as male contraception.5
Equivalent-cores analysis of esca shifts of fluorine 1s electrons

Abstract The assumption of equivalent cores suggested by Jolly to relate core-electron binding-energy shifts to thermochemical quantities has appeared to be invalid for fluorine containing compounds. We show that previously neglected corrections account for the discrepancy.
Role of continuation in engineering analysis

Abstract This paper reviews the state of the art of the continuation methods. In particular, a discussion of the tracing of parameter dependent branches of solutions is presented. Basic steps of continuation as predictors, correctors and parametrizations are introduced and their interaction analysed. Such algorithms are emphasized which give rise to reliable general-purpose computer programs and proved to work satisfactorily when applied to nontrivial problems. The review paper includes brief discussion of some topics of most recent interests that are closely related to continuation, as, for instance, stability, branch switching, and tracing of critical boundaries. Several examples illustrate the procedures. Hints on available software complete this paper.
Differentiated surveillance for sensor networks

For many sensor network applications such as military surveillance, it is necessary to provide full sensing coverage to a security-sensitive area while at the same time minimizing energy consumption and extending system lifetime by leveraging the redundant deployment of sensor nodes. It is also preferable for the sensor network to provide differentiated surveillance service for various target areas with different degrees of security requirements. In this paper, we propose a differentiated surveillance service for sensor networks based on an adaptable energy-efficient sensing coverage protocol. In the protocol, each node is able to dynamically decide a schedule for itself to guarantee a certain degree of coverage (DOC) with average energy consumption inversely proportional to the node density. Several optimizations and extensions are proposed to provide even better performance. Simulation shows that our protocol accomplishes differentiated surveillance with low energy consumption. It outperforms other state-of-the-art schemes by as much as 50% reduction in energy consumption and as much as 130% increase in the half-life of the network.
New challenges and opportunities in the management of brain metastases in patients with ErbB2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Brain metastases are an increasingly prominent problem in the management of women with metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab has provided excellent systemic disease control for many patients; however, many women are now living long enough to develop CNS disease. This Review considers the potential for targeted therapy to provide effective management for brain metastases in patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer, reviewing in particular the data currently available in this setting for lapatinib. The introduction of trastuzumab for the treatment of tumors that overexpress ErbB2 (also known as HER2) has contributed significantly to recent improvements in systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer. The advances in systemic therapy have highlighted an increasing prevalence of central nervous system involvement in patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer and a consequent need for new treatment options for brain metastases. Just as ErbB2-targeted systemic therapy has given rise to this challenge, so too could targeted therapy represent an opportunity to meet it. This Review considers the potential for targeted therapy to facilitate effective management of brain metastases in patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer, and discusses in particular the data currently available in this setting for lapatinib, an orally available small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2.
Multiparametric investigation of competitive and noncompetitive sorption characteristics of SMP fractions (carbohydrate and protein) on activated carbon.

Abstract Sorption characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMPs) as carbohydrate and protein on activated carbon were investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption kinetics and the equilibrium conditions. The parameters studied included initial SMP concentration (50–200 mg/L), activated carbon dosage (0.25–50 g/L), contact time (0.02–4 h), particle size of activated carbon used (5–75 μm, 75–850 μm, and 850–1000 μm), and presence of one or both SMP fractions. The equilibrium sorption of carbohydrate and protein were significantly affected by the presence of the second SMP fraction in the solutions. Adsorption isotherms were expressed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption rates under noncompetitive and competitive conditions were analyzed with kinetics-based Lagergren pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models; and diffusion-based external diffusion and Weber–Morris intraparticle models. Both SMP fractions were removed effectively, however, sorption of protein was significantly better than that of carbohydrate in all cases. The relatively significant effect of particle size on sorption of protein indicates that protein is most likely adsorbed as a single layer on the carbon surface. For the carbohydrate, the increase in particle size did not decrease the sorption significantly indicating that carbohydrate may be adsorbed in multiple layers or may diffuse into the porous matrix more effectively.
The pharmacologic actions of the bronchodilator drug, isoetharine†

Isoetharine (Dilabron) is 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropylamino-1-butanol HCl. This drug is a potent bronchodilator agent, about one-half as effective as isoproterenol (Isuprel) but somewhat more effective than epinephrine. When combined with phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) and thenyldiamine (Thenfadil) some synergistic action was demonstrable. Dilabron has a comparatively low toxicity. Dilabron is absorbed readily following oral administration but this is usually associated with tachycardia. This can be prevented by enteric coating of the drug-containing tablets. In the experiments described here, the mean response in dogs medicated with enteric coated tablets was delayed more than fivefold over that obtained with uncoated tablets or gelatin capsules. These data appear to agree well with reported clinical results.
Genetic & Evolutionary Biometric Security: Disposable Feature Extractors for Mitigating Biometric Replay Attacks

Abstract Biometric-based access control systems (BACSs) are vulnerable to replay attacks. Replay attacks occur when a biometric template is intercepted and maliciously used to gain unauthorized access to a system. In this paper, we introduce a Genetic and Evolutionary Biometric Security (GEBS) application which uses a Genetic and Evolutionary Computation to develop disposable Feature Extractors (FEs) in an effort to mitigate replay attacks. We describe how a previously developed system known as GEFE (Genetic and Evolutionary Feature Extraction) can be used to evolve unique and disposable FEs for users of BACS. Furthermore, we propose two access control protocols based on the use of disposable FEs and/or their resulting templates (also referred to as feature vectors (FVs)). In our proposed protocols, FEs/FVs are used to authenticate the identity of individuals and are then discarded. Our results show that this GEBS application can be successfully used to mitigate biometric replay attacks.
Intermediate-level vision—Building vertex-string-surface (V-S-S) graphs*

This paper discusses the problem of organizing sampled image information into imagegraphs. The processing begins by acquiring thinned edge information. The edge information is used by a new connectedness-based region aggregation system. The region and edge information is then passed to a raster scan vertex-contour detection system. This system first detects topological singularities (vertices), then detects curvature discontinuities ( L vertices), and finally smooths boundary information to produce labeled vertex-string-surface (V-S-S) graphs. Incorporating color and texture information into the graph building operation is discussed briefly. Color is included by superimposing the edge information from each of the digitized color images (red-green-blue). The edges (and therefore the resultant boundaries) inherit color properties. Textures are viewed as microscopic shape detail, too densely placed to be processed via the standard V-S-S formation route. The rough areas are smoothed through special texture processors to form pseudo-colors. These may be used for edge detection and processed in the same way as colored images. Reduction of digitized images to the V-S-S graph format greatly reduces the number of independent pieces of image data (although each piece requires more bits to encode).
Management and Research Methodology

This article analyzes the relevance of the literature on research methodology to understanding the difficulty of linking theory and management practice, and the problems faced by the management professional in attempting to apply experience to new situations. After comparing the needs and modes of thinking of managers and researchers, it argues that each is faced with two issues: abstracting the more generally applicable elements of theories as experience and assessing the generalizability of their conclusions. Guidelines for each of these issues are provided, and the way in which researchers and practitioners can benefit from each others' perspectives is discussed.
Childhood lead poisoning from paint chips: a continuing problem.

Although lead poisoning (plumbism) has been recognized for centuries, lead exposures still occur frequently today because of its varied uses and persistence in the environment. Despite the awareness of the adverse effects of lead on adults, childhood plumbism was first reported only about a century ago. Young children are one of the most vulnerable groups to the adverse effects of lead because of their rapidly developing vulnerable groups to the adverse effects of lead because of their rapidly developing central nervous systems. Federal regulations in the 1970s have been successfully implemented to decrease the amount of environmental lead by decreasing the content of lead in gasoline and indoor paint. However, almost 30 years after these laws were passed, inner-city housing with leaded paint still exists. We describe three children living in New York City who developed plumbism from the ingestion of leaded paint chips.
The Limitations of Kinetic Perimetry in Early Scotoma Detection

When tested by Goldmann kinetic perimetry ten patients with glaucomatous optic disc cupping had no visual field defects. but visual field defects were detected when tested by threshold static perimetry on the Tubingen perimeter. To improve the detection ability of kinetic perimetry, we suggest placing the interisopter spot-checks closer together or expanding the central 30° plotting area.
Abstract C57: The role of the microRNA-200 family in the regulation of tumor cell signaling and metastasis in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the United States due primarily to the development of metastatic disease, resulting in a 16% five year overall survival. Regrettably response rates are poor with the current modalities used to treat patients, which implies that a greater understanding of the biology of invasion and metastasis is indispensable. It is thought that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in regulating invasion, migration, and metastasis. The microRNA-200 family (miR-200) is a key maintenance factor of the epithelial phenotype by regulating EMT and metastatic potential, although the mechanistic details of this regulation are incompletely understood. Recent research has demonstrated that miRNAs are capable of regulating the target mRNAs that coordinate intracellular signaling pathways. Using our mutant Kras and p53 murine model of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, we have shown through Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) profiling that high levels of miR-200 in poorly metastatic lung tumor cells can suppress cancer-promoting signaling molecules, such as Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In contrast, highly metastatic lung tumor cells with low miR-200 expression have STAT3 activation and increased migratory and invasive properties. Utilizing pharmacologic approaches to inhibit STAT3 in highly metastatic lung tumor cells decreased their ability to migrate and invade. Our data suggests that the STAT3 pathway is under the control of miR-200 and inhibition in metastatic lung cancer could provide benefit to lung cancer patients as a potential treatment option. Citation Format: Jonathon D. Roybal, David H. Peng, Christin Ungewiss, Pijus K. Mandal, John S. McMurray, Lauren A. Byers, Don L. Gibbons. The role of the microRNA-200 family in the regulation of tumor cell signaling and metastasis in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B36. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B36
De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale commentationes XXXV: Miscellaneous notes on biodynamic plants of the northwest Amazon

This paper continues ethnopharmacological notes on biodynamic plants employed by Indians of the Amazon region as medicines, poisons or narcotics.
On-Line, Computer-Based, Interactive Simulations: Bridging Classroom and Field

ABSTRACT This paper briefly describes two educational tutorial programs, and the efforts of this author to evaluate the effectiveness of these computer mediated programs. One interactive program is designed to teach students how to apply crisis concepts to a practice simulation, and the second program is designed to teach students how to assess lethality with a suicidal client. Formal evaluations by students of these two programs and student performance on a follow-up quiz have produced positive results. A comparison study of classes who completed these programs and a class that did not have the training has also produced significant, favorable results.
Transportation geography: The influence of Walter Isard and regional science

This paper explores the influence of Walter Isard, his work, and the field of regional science generally on transportation geography. It argues that Isard’s impact was both subtle and significant. Regional science greatly influenced the emergence of modern transportation geography in the 1950s. Transportation themes and methods from Isard’s own work provided early building blocks for transportation geography. Moreover, Isard and regional science contributed importantly to the development of the intellectual network of persons, places, and institutions that early on defined the subfield. Regional science and transportation geography have diverged in recent decades, but opportunities exist for renewed interaction.
Viscoelastic response to small deformations superposed on a large stretch

Abstract Viscoelastic stress-deformation relations for small dynamical deformations superposed on a large uniaxial stretch are derived for materials that are incompressible and initially isotropic. The equations incorporate the effects of relaxing pre-stress and strain-induced anisotropy. The stress relaxation moduli depend parametrically on the time since the material was stretched, as well as on the usual times of relaxation. Analysis of data to separate the two kinds of time dependence is discussed, and is illustrated with data for highly stretched natural rubber. The data show that the one-minute modulus increases rapidly as the age increases if the rubber is so highly stretched that crystallization can occur.
Comparison of two stationary stochastic processes using standardized time series

References to confidence interval estimations for the difference between the means and for the ratio of the variances of two independent strictly stationary phimixing processes using standardized time series are given. Results of a limited empirical investigation on one set of the estimators for the difference between the two means are presented after they are briefly discussed. These estimators performed well in this investigation.
DOS‐tips: Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?

Unless you have a hardware clock on an accessory board and have set up an AUTO‐EXEC file to automatically set your PC's internal clock from the hardware clock, the first thing you must do each time you start or reboot your system is enter the current date and time. If you're feeling lazy, or you've lost your watch, you can press when DOS asks for the date and again when it asks for the time, and DOS will come right back with the familiar A> prompt. There is a problem with doing this, though.
Dielectric, X-Ray, and Optical Study of Ferroelectric Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 and Related Compounds

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ have been grown, and dielectric, x-ray, and optical studies have been carried out on these above and below the ferroelectric Curie point. The x-ray analysis confirms the pyrochlore structure, and gives the oxygen parameter $x=0.305$ at room temperature. The symmetry below the Curie point, -85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, is uncertain, due to the very slight lattice distortion: $\frac{c}{a}$ is about 1.0005 if the ferroelectric phase is tetragonal. The spontaneous polarization along the cubic (111) axis is 6 microcoulombs/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at -180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.Partial replacement of Cd by Pb or Ca, or of Nb by Ta, decreases the Curie temperature of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. Dielectric measurements revealed no anomaly in several other ${A}_{2}{B}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ compounds. Lattice parameters are reported for ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$.
An estrogen receptor genetic polymorphism and the risk of primary and secondary recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: A case-control study was undertaken to assess the association between an estrogen receptor gene variant and the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortions. STUDY DESIGN: The frequency of the estrogen receptor gene variant in blood lymphocyte deoxyribonucleic acid and other selected maternal characteristics was compared among 60 primary recurrent aborters, 61 secondary recurrent aborters, and 43 women who had had at least two live births but no spontaneous abortions. RESULTS: No association was evident between the estrogen receptor gene variant and the risk of either primary or secondary recurrent abortion. There were data suggesting that primary recurrent aborters in particular were more likely to report a family history of recurrent abortion and a family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the estrogen receptor polymorphism is not a genetic marker for recurrent spontaneous abortions. Therefore, as suggested by previous investigations, this polymorphism appears to be a marker for breast cancer risk only among the subgroups who have had a history of repeated abortions.