cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry using a simple capillary direct interface

A simple method for interfacing capillary supercritical fluid chromatography with a commercial quadrupole mass spectrometer (SFC/MS) has been developed that yields good chromatographic peak shapes and good sensitivity. No modification of the mass spectrometer is required, and a single instrument can be used for both SFC/MS and GC/MS with conversion between modes requiring less than 20 min. SFC/MS separations and chemical ionization mass spectra of wax components, a triazine pesticide metabolite, abietic acid, and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are reported.
Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The two major therapeutic modalities used in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are discussed. Also included are discussions of splenectomy, leukapheresis, allogenic bone marrow transplantation, and therapy for systemic complications.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on a Hybrid Deep Learning Model

Short term load prediction plays a critical role in the planning and operations of electric power systems especially in the modern days with high emphasis on integration of renewable energy resources. In this work, a hybrid deep learning model for short term load forecasting (STLF) is presented. The proposed method first decomposes the time series data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and a reconstruction of the original series is obtained by suppressing the irrelevant IMFs. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is applied to each IMF to determine their scaling exponents for robust denoising performance. The denoised data is then used as input to the Deep Belief Network (DBN) model for modeling and prediction. Real data which represents hourly load consumption from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Callous-Unemotional Behaviors and Harsh Parenting: Reciprocal Associations across Early Childhood and Moderation by Inherited Risk

Callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors increase children’s risk for subsequent antisocial behavior. This risk process may begin in early childhood with reciprocal pathways between CU behaviors and harsh parenting. In a sample of 561 linked triads of biological mothers, adoptive parents, and adopted children, the present study examined bidirectional links between CU behaviors and harsh parenting across three time points from 18 to 54 months and investigated moderation by inherited risk for psychopathic traits. Child CU behaviors and harsh parenting were measured using adoptive mother and adoptive father reports, and biological mothers provided reports of their personality characteristics. Findings supported reciprocal associations between harsh parenting and CU behaviors during early childhood, especially during the transition from toddlerhood (27 months) to the preschool period (54 months). Moreover, multiple-group analyses showed that level of inherited risk moderated associations between CU behaviors and harsh parenting. Specifically, there were statistically reliable associations between CU behaviors at 27 months and adoptive mothers’ harsh parenting at 54 months, and between adoptive fathers’ harsh parenting at 27 months and CU behaviors at 54 months among children at higher inherited risk, but not among those at lower inherited risk. The findings illustrate the dynamic interplay between parenting, CU behaviors, and heritable risk.
Young and Older Adults May Utilize Different Cognitive Abilities When Performing a Spatial Recognition Memory Test With Varying Levels of Similarity.

We used signal detection theory to evaluate spatial recognition memory utilizing a behavioral test hypothesized to tax pattern separation. Correlations with standardized neuropsychological tests al...
Health Risks and Outcomes of Homelessness in School-Age Children and Youth: A Scoping Review of the Literature:

Despite reports that over 1.3 million school-age children (ages 5-18) were homeless in 2019, little is known about the effects of homelessness on their overall health and well-being. To better understand where gaps exist, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify studies of the physical, mental, and behavioral health risks and outcomes of school-age children experiencing homelessness or housing instability. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and Preferred Reporting Items (PRISMA) guidelines, seven electronic databases were searched using key words: homelessness, children, health, and well-being. Of the 4,372 records, 23 articles met inclusion criteria. Most examined mental health and high-risk activities or behavioral risks related to school achievement. Few studies tracked the long-term health outcomes of homeless school-age children. Findings have implications for school nurses who have contact with children experiencing homelessness and are in position to intervene to prevent negative health sequelae in this vulnerable population.
The Use of Google Classroom Application for Writing and Speaking in English Education Class

The development of application in smartphone makes people use it in the process of teaching and learning activities. This research aims to discover students’ lived experience of using Google Classroom application as the media for submitting English assignments in the form of writing and speaking. The method used in this research was hermeneutic-phenomenology study. It focuses on description and interpretation of lived experience. The instruments used are in-depth interview, observation, and document review. The findings are distributed into empirical themes and transcendent themes. Based on the research, Google Classroom enhances writing and speaking skills in the form of assignments.
Singularities of Rees-like algebras

Recently, Peeva and the second author constructed irreducible projective varieties with regularity much larger than their degree, yielding counterexamples to the Eisenbud–Goto Conjecture. Their construction involved two new ideas: Rees-like algebras and step-by-step homogenization. Yet, all of these varieties are singular and the nature of the geometry of these projective varieties was left open. The purpose of this paper is to study the singularities inherent in this process. We compute the codimension of the singular locus of an arbitrary Rees-like algebra over a polynomial ring. We then show that the relative size of the singular locus can increase under step-by-step homogenization. To address this defect, we construct a new process, we call prime standardization, which plays a similar role as step-by-step homogenization but also preserves the codimension of the singular locus. This is derived from ideas of Ananyan and Hochster and we use this to study the regularity of certain smooth hyperplane sections of Rees-like algebras, showing that they all satisfy the Eisenbud–Goto Conjecture, as expected. Along the way, we prove a somewhat surprising characterization of Rees-like algebras of Cohen–Macaulay ideals. In a similar vein, while Rees-like algebras are almost never Cohen–Macaulay and never normal, we fully characterize when they are seminormal, weakly normal, and, in positive characteristic, F-split.
Genetic basis for the essentiality of a bacterial anti-sigma factor involved in virulence

ABSTRACT During decades-long infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes selection. One such bacterial genetic adaptation frequently observed in CF isolates is mutation of mucA. MucA inhibits the sigma factor AlgU. In clinical isolates, mucA mutations lead to AlgU misregulation, resulting in a mucoid phenotype that is associated with poor CF disease outcomes. Here we show that, paradoxically, a portion of the mucA gene is essential for P. aeruginosa viability. We demonstrate that mucA is no longer essential in a strain lacking algU, that mucA alleles that encode for proteins that do not bind to AlgU are insufficient for bacterial viability, and that mucA is no longer essential in mutant strains containing AlgU variants with reduced sigma factor activity. Finally, we found that overexpression of algU prevents cell growth in the absence of MucA, and that this phenotype can be rescued by overproduction of RpoD, the housekeeping sigma factor. Together, these results suggest that in the absence of MucA, the inability to regulate AlgU activity may inhibit essential housekeeping functions, resulting in the loss of bacterial viability. Finally, we speculate that essentiality of anti-sigma factors that regulate envelope function may be a widespread phenomenon in bacteria.
Colour stability of 3D-printed resin orthodontic brackets.

Objective:To evaluate the colour stability of polymeric resins that could be used to 3D-print orthodontic brackets.Design:In vitro, laboratory studyMaterials and Methods:Disc-shaped specimens were ...
Base social da saúde e ponderação de contexto na contratualização

Quanto a contratualizacao, por um lado, os reguladores deverao diminuir a sobrestimacao do desempenho, dos servicos de saude e dos seus profissionais nos resultados em saude. Por outro lado, os proprios profissionais deverao aceitar o limite da sua intervencao e recentrar o modelo de contratualizacao em indicadores centrados na pessoa, com impacto na saude, como o acesso e a qualidade de cuidados. A contratualizacao devera, ainda, refletir o modelo biopsicossocial proprio dos CSP e espelhar a complexidade da realidade, sendo necessario que o IDG seja adequadamente ponderado/corrigido de acordo com o contexto. O grande salto qualitativo do IDG esta, portanto, na capacidade de aumentar a sua «tolerabilidade» aos momentos do ciclo de vida da organizacao (e.g., ausencia de profissionais) e adequar a especificidade da populacao, incluindo dimensoes socioeconomicas (e.g., multiculturalidade, insuficiencia economica).
Imagined truths: realism in modern Spanish literature and culture: edited by Mary L. Coffey and Margot Versteeg, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2019, vi + 398 pp., $90 (hardback), ISBN13 978-1487505172.

The very substantial introduction by the coeditors places itself and the thirteen studies that follow in the dominant contemporary scholarly camp. This critical approach eschews the allegedly “naiv...
Triage bei Beatmungsgeräten und Impfstoff-Rationierung für Covid-19: Allokationsdebatten – Benachteiligungsindizes – soziale Gerechtigkeit

Das Konzept der Triage entstand auf den Schlachtfeldern. Kriegsmetaphern wurden seit Anfang 2020 haufig herangezogen (Chapman und Miller DeMond 2020; Sabuced et al. 2020), als die Beteiligten in Politik und Wissenschaft darum bemuht waren, das tatsachliche Ausmas der Bedrohung durch SARS-CoV-2 zu verstehen und gleichzeitig angemessene politische Antworten zu finden. Solche Vergleiche werden typischerweise dann verwendet, wenn es darum geht, eine umfassende Reaktion der gesamten Gesellschaft zu mobilisieren. Gleichzeitig ist aber festzuhalten, dass wir uns tatsachlich nicht in einer Kriegssituation befinden. Weiterhin sind die Kosten, die in einer Kriegssituation akzeptabel sein konnen, nicht unmittelbar auf die verschiedenen Fragestellungen ubertragbar, die durch SARS-CoV-2 aufgeworfen werden, insbesondere hinsichtlich von Rationierung und Triage. Diese Dringlichkeit besteht umso mehr, als die Pandemie in vielen Landern in brutaler Deutlichkeit soziale Ungleichheiten aufgedeckt hat und bestimmte benachteiligte Gruppen sehr viel schwerer getroffen hat als andere, wenn es etwa um Arbeitslosigkeit, Infektionsrisiken, Hospitalisierung und Tod geht, sodass sich die Frage stellt, wie politisch darauf reagiert werden soll (APM Research Lab 2020; McClung et al. 2020; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2020; Schmidt 2020a). Dazu gibt es im Prinzip drei wesentliche Reaktionsmoglichkeiten: diese Ungleichheiten konnen durch die praktische Politik erhalten, verscharft oder gemildert werden. Der Fokus auf Kriegsmetaphern kann die Berucksichtigung von Ungleichheit schnell als ein Detail an die Peripherie drangen – dies ware jedoch aus mehrerlei Hinsicht kurzsichtig (Chapman und Miller DeMond 2020; Sabuced et al. 2020). Rationierung hat in verschiedenen Bereichen, in denen der Bedarf hoher war als die zur Verfugung stehenden Mittel, stattgefunden – und sie findet derzeit nach wie vor statt), etwa beim Zugang zu Tests, Antikorper-Medikamenten, Schutzmasken oder -kleidung (Emanuel et al. 2020). Demgegenuber sollen im vorliegenden Artikel neuartige Wege beschrieben werden, die bezuglich zwei der besonders umstrittenen Rationierungsfragen vorgeschlagen und umgesetzt wurden: der Zuteilung von Beatmungsgeraten und von Impfstoffen. Die grundlegenden gesellschaftlichen Ungleichheiten sind in den USA besonders ausgepragt und die Debatte daruber wird besonders heftig gefuhrt, deshalb sollen diese Verhaltnisse hier im Mittelpunkt stehen, selbst wenn die zentralen Argumentationslinien in zahllosen anderen Landern bedauerlicherweise ahnlich und ebenso relevant sind.
Estimating Mobile Values

Mobile code languages facilitate the transmission of code between remote sites in a system. A piece of code which is generated at one site can be transmitted for execution at another site which exhibits characteristics different from its place of origin. This poses implementation challenges for mobile code languages. For example, it becomes necessary for compiler writers to consider the heterogeneity of network nodes when generating code. By heterogeneity we mean that different nodes of a network may be of different architectures and therefore support different value representations.
Premenstrual tension: Symptoms and weight changes related to potassium therapy

Abstract With the use of patients with and without evidence of premenstrual tension, a study was done in which comparison of weight changes and symptoms were evaluated during control menstrual cycles, menstrual cycles when a placebo (glucose) was taken, and menstrual cycles when a diuretic (potassium chloride) was taken. It was found that the clinician can make a verifiable diagnosis of premenstrual tension. While the symptoms of this entity could not be correlated with premenstrual weight gain, they could be with lability of weight during the 5 days preceding menses. In fact, in all of the cycles (control, placebo, and diuretic-treated), there was found to be a highly significant gain in weight in the 5 days premenses. The use of oral potassium chloride supplements in gelatine capsules had no effect on symptoms reported by patients with premenstrual tension.
Pristine Transfinite Graphs

We now present explicit definitions of pristine graphs and related ideas for all ranks up to the first transfinite-ordinal rank ω; we will then indicate how the definitions can be extended to still higher ranks. The key idea is that of a “pristine node,” one that does not contain any node of lower rank. From now on, all nodes will be pristine—and therefore maximal, too; that is, no node will be contained in a node of higher rank. A transfinite graph will be called “pristine” if all its nodes are pristine. For such graphs, the definition of a transfinite path is much simpler than it is for a transfinite graph in general, and the same is true for other concomitant ideas.
The Amino Acid Composition of Crystalline Δ5-3-Ketosteroid Isomerase and Its Tryptic Peptides

Abstract The amino acid composition of crystalline Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni is consistent with the formula Asp38, Thr21, Ser16, Glu38, Pro15, Gly29, Ala68, Val45, Met8, Ile12, Leu26, Tyr9, Phe25, Lys13, His9, Arg22. Eleven distinct peptides have been obtained after digestion of the heated enzyme by trypsin. The tryptic peptides have been separated by ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis and their composition has been determined. They contain between 5 and 33 amino acid residues. The sum of the composition of the amino acid residues of these peptides is in good agreement with one-third of the total amino acid composition of the protein. Evidence is presented suggesting that the isomerase consists of three chains, which may be identical. The NH2-terminal and the COOH-terminal peptides of the protein have been identified. The NH2-terminal residue of each tryptic peptide was determined by preparing the fluorescent 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonamide derivative.
Neurocreationism--Making New Cortical Maps

In developing mammals, how does the cerebral cortex become compartmentalized into different regions responsible for functions as diverse as motor control and sensory perception? Rakic explains in his Perspective that morphogenetic molecules such as FGF8 (Fukuchi-Shimogori and Grove) form gradients that specify the boundaries of different cortical regions, which are then further modified by input from the thalamus and other cerebral structures.
Early white dwarf results from EUVE

Following the recent launch of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite (EUVE), several white dwarfs were observed (both photometrically and spectroscopically) as part of the In-Orbit Checkout (IOC) activities which were carried out prior to the start of the sky survey, and also during pointed observations which were performed during the course of the sky survey. Our initial assessment of the data has included comparison of the EUVE measurements with model predictions, and a cross-comparison of the results of analyses of EUV data from EUVE, the ROSAT Wide Field Camera (WFC), and EXOSAT. The results suggest that the in-flight results for EUVE are consistent with the EUVE ground calibration. Comparing results for pure H white dwarfs from EUVE with results from the WFC, we find that similar temperature ranges are obtained. There is an apparent systematic bias toward larger interstellar columns for the WFC, which gives columns about 0.3 dex greater than are obtained from EUVE. We found large systematic differences between EUVE and EXOSAT. We used the HUT and EXOSAT spectroscopic observations of HZ43 to perform a provisional adjustment of the EXOSAT effective areas which significantly reduced that difference. We have also analyzed EUVE photometric observations of two metal-rich hot DA white dwarfs, GD246 and G191-B2B, and we present the first determination of metal abundances for them based on EUV measurements.
Deciphering the Energetics of Lightning

The search for radiation from thunderstorms and lightning has been on for over 80 years, but as [Krider][1] explains in his Perspective, observational difficulties are only now beginning to be overcome. He highlights the report by [Dwyer][2] et al ., who have observed energetic radiation--x-rays, gamma-rays and/or relativistic electrons--during rocket-triggered lightning. Measurements of this kind should help to explain the energetic processes that occur during natural lightning. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5607/669 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/299/5607/694
Bilateral scaphotrapezium coalition with bilateral scaphoid nonunion in a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome: a case report

The purpose of this case report is to discuss the evaluation and management of scaphoid nonunion in patients with congenital musculoskeletal syndromes. Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of congenital synostosis of some or all cervical vertebrae [26] caused by a failure in the normal segmentation of the cervical vertebrae during the third to the eighth week of gestation [25]. The classic clinical triad of KFS consists of a short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited neck range of motion due to cervical synostosis [26]. Abnormalities of the hand have been associated with KFS [2, 4, 8, 15, 25] and are predominantly preaxial [2, 4, 15, 25]. One instance of a postaxial anomaly in a patient with KFS has been reported [2]. A prior identification of capitohamate coalition in a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome was suggested to be a manifestation of a new clinical syndrome [14]. Additional carpal coalitions have not been reported nor have scaphoid abnormalities secondary to the carpal coalitions been described that are associated with Klippel–Feil syndrome.
Catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexene: 4. The effect of sulfur on supported platinum

Abstract The rate of turnover rt for the gas-phase hydrogenation of cyclohexene on platinum catalysts in the absence or the presence of sulfur was measured at 273 K and pressures of H2 and C6H10 equal to 9.31 and 2.66 kPa. If the number of platinum sites is measured by means of hydrogen chemisorption, rt is found to be the same for all catalysts and equal to 0.65 s−1 if it is assumed that one site corresponds to one hydrogen adatom. By contrast, if the number of platinum sites is measured by means of oxygen chemisorption or dihydrogen titration of prechemisorbed oxygen, rt is constant only for the catalysts which are not contaminated by sulfur. For the others, values of rt scatter depending on the amount of sulfur on platinum. It appears that adsorbed sulfur takes up oxygen, thus leading to excess values of the number of platinum sites. The constancy of rt measured by hydrogen chemisorption on platinum with or without sulfur confirms the structure insensitivity of cyclohexene hydrogenation on that metal and the adequacy of hydrogen chemisorption as a method of counting platinum sites.
Monopoly and Oligopoly Provision of Addictive Goods

This article investigates monopoly and oligopoly provision of an addictive good. Consumer preferences are modeled as in Becker and Murphy (1988). Addictive goods have characteristics that create interesting strategic issues when suppliers are noncompetitive. We characterize the perfect Markov equilibrium of a market with noncompetitive supply of an addictive good and compare it with the efficient solution. Depending on particular parameter values, we find a wide variety of possible steady-state outcomes, including ones with output above the efficient level and price below marginal cost. We also find that market power can be disadvantageous.
One pathway to academic success: autobiography of Dr Ronald G. Strauss.

Often, I have been asked by “junior faculty”—who are usually burdened by substantial responsibilities in service and teaching—how they can launch their career in research as a means to succeed in academic medicine. Obviously, the answers/solutions are as diverse as are the circumstances of each questioner. In the following article, I offer the approach that I applied to my career—acknowledging that “one shoe doesn't fit all” and that others will advise differently. However, one truism exists whenever one seeks excellence in anything—the opportunity must be present to commit uninterrupted time for thought/concentration, organization, training/mentoring/study, and effort/hard work. Without such an opportunity, success in research will be elusive.
Mechanical properties of highly textured Cu/Ni multilayers

Abstract We report on the synthesis of highly (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) textured Cu/Ni multilayers with individual layer thicknesses, h , varying from 1 to 200 nm. When, h , decreases to 5 nm or less, X-ray diffraction spectra show epitaxial growth of Cu/Ni multilayers. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show the coexistence of nanotwins and coherent layer interfaces in highly (1 1 1) textured Cu/Ni multilayers with smaller h . Hardnesses of multilayer films increase with decreasing h , approach a maximum at h of a few nanometers, and show softening thereafter at smaller h . The influence of layer interfaces as well as twin interfaces on strengthening mechanisms of multilayers and the formation of twins in Ni in multilayers are discussed.
Magnesium and calcium chelation by a bis-spiropyran

Abstract A bis-benzospiropyranindoline was prepared by a simple two-step procedure. The magnesium and calcium chelating ability of this photochromic spiropyran was investigated and compared to simple mono-spiropyrans. Kinetic binding constants were measured. Moderately strong metal binding occurs in acetone solution ( K =40 000 M −1 for Mg, K =13 000 M −1 for Ca) when the bis-spiropyran is irradiated with light at 365 nm. This binding is eight times higher than the binding of the mono-spiropyrans studied. The color of the merocyanine form of the bis-spiropyran ( λ max =548 nm) is strongly influenced by the metal, blue-shifting the maximum absorbance 43 nm (Mg) and 22 nm (Ca). Strong fluorescence is observed when the bis-spiropyran complexed to either metal is irradiated at 365 nm, with emission maxima of 586 nm (Mg) and 606 nm (Ca). The strength of the binding is inversely correlated to the unimolecular decomposition rate constant of the spiropyran–metal complex. The fluorescence emission maxima become increasingly blue-shifted as the strength of the binding increases. The fluorescence is compared to the metal-free spiropyran, as well as to simple mono-spiropyrans coordinated to calcium. The mechanism of decoloration of the bis-spiropyran with and without metals present is discussed.
Multi-attribute utility analysis in set-based conceptual design

During conceptual design, engineers deal with incomplete product descriptions called design concepts. Engineers must compare these concepts in order to move towards the more desirable designs. However, comparisons are difficult because a single concept associates with numerous possible final design specifications, and any meaningful comparison of concepts must consider this range of possibilities. Consequently, the performance of a concept can only be characterized imprecisely. While standard multi-attribute utility theory is an accepted framework for making preference-based decisions between precisely characterized alternatives, it does not directly accommodate the analysis of imprecisely characterized alternatives. By extending uncertainty representations to model imprecision explicitly, it is possible to apply the principles of utility theory to such problems. However, this can lead to situations of indeterminacy, meaning that the decision maker is unable to identify a single concept as the most preferred. Under a set-based perspective and approach to design, a designer can work towards a single solution systematically despite indecision arising from imprecise characterizations of design concepts. Existing work in set-based design primarily focuses on feasibility conditions and single-attribute objectives, which are insufficient for most design problems. In this article, we combine the framework of multi-attribute utility theory, the perspective of set-based design, and the explicit mathematical representation of imprecision into a single approach to conceptual design. Each of the component theories is discussed, and their combined application developed. The approach is illustrated using the conceptual design of a fixed-ratio power transmission as an example. Additionally, important directions for future research are identified, with a particular focus on the process of modeling abstract design concepts.
A Conceptual Framework for Future Research on Mode of Delivery

Our goal was to develop a comprehensive conceptual research framework on mode of delivery and to identify research priorities in this topic area through a Delphi process. We convened a multidisciplinary team of 16 experts (North Carolina Collaborative on Mode of Delivery) representing the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, neonatology, midwifery, epidemiology, psychometrics, decision sciences, bioethics, health care engineering, health economics, health disparities, and women’s studies. We finalized the conceptual framework after multiple iterations, including revisions during a one-day in-person conference. The conceptual framework illustrates the causal pathway for mode of delivery and the complex interplay and relationships among patient, fetal, family, provider, cultural, and societal factors as drivers of change from intended to actual mode of delivery. This conceptual framework on mode of delivery will help put specific research ideas into a broader context and identify important knowledge gaps for future investigation.
Clinical and quantitative EEG studies of mania.

Abstract Background: Earlier EEG studies reported essentially normal findings during acute manic episodes but some atypical EEG characteristics and distinctions between familial and sporadic cases were described. Recently quantitative EEG (qEEG) studies differentiating mania from schizophrenia and depression have been published. Methods: Clinical EEGs were obtained in 202 patients hospitalized for acute mania. EEGs were repeated in 75 patients rehospitalized for subsequent manic attacks. Quantitative EEGs were recorded in 37 patients who were able to cooperate after drug washout and again on completion of randomly assigned pharmacotherapy. Results: Normal EEGs were obtained in most patients. Moderately abnormal EEGs in 16% were significantly associated with absent family histories of affective disorder. Left sided abnormalities were more common than right. “Small sharp spikes” and “microsleep” were encountered in 17% and 10% respectively of patients who drowsed. EEG findings during subsequent episodes did not suggest increasing CNS vulnerability. qEEGs showed significant differences between each of the therapeutic agents compared-lithium, carbamazepine, and lithium combined with carbamazepine, haloperidol or risperidone. Nonresponders at baseline had significantly more diffuse theta activity than responders. During pharmacotherapy nonresponders had higher amplitudes in the left temporoparietal areas. Limitation: Clinical EEG findings confirmed previous reports but did not contain original observations. Applications of qEEG were limited by requirements for patient cooperation.
Abstract 5142: Up-regulation of glutamine synthetase attenuates the oncogenicity of wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been known to be involved in many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been widely reported in many cancers and associated with poor outcome after treatments. However, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known to be significantly associated with favorable outcome. In this study, we identified 82 genes as a β-catenin signature by analyzing expression data from tumor tissues of patients with HCC and liver tissues from active β-catenin mutant transgenic mice. HCC patients with the β-catenin signature have significantly better prognosis in both overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those without the signature. Further analysis of β-catenin signature revealed over-expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), liver-specific β-catenin target gene, and shift of glutamine metabolism. Cell growth rate were highly dependent on GS expression levels. Cell proliferation rate was increased by GS knockdown using shRNAs but decreased by GS overexpression in HCC cell lines. Intracellular glutamate concentrations were severely decreased by GS overexpression. GS overexpression in HCC cells also led to decrease intracellular α-ketoglutarate levels impeding TCA cycle, and intracellular glutathione levels accumulating high reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, we found GS up-regulation in HCC cells inhibited cell growth by glutamate depletion and thereby lower anaplerotic metabolic activity and higher ROS levels. Our results present molecular mechanisms for the favorable outcome in HCC patients with CTNNB1 mutations and importance of glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5142. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5142
Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus taps into a host microRNA regulatory network

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), the causative agent of several neoplasms, has recently been shown to encode 12 microRNAs. mir-155 is a host-encoded microRNA associated with lymphomagenesis. Two new papers provide strong evidence that a KSHV-encoded microRNA and mir-155 share a common set of mRNA targets and binding sites, implying a possible link between viral- and non-viral-mediated tumorigenesis.
“Yugoslavia in 1989 and after”: a comment

V.P. (Chip) Gagnon, Jr. (2004, 2010) has provided a useful corrective to what he has called the “Myth of Ethnic War,” the notion that what was Yugoslavia was torn apart by primeval communal hatreds...
The computable testability of theories making uncomputable predictions

L'A. etablit un tableau complet des relations entre les differentes formes de la recherche computationnelle et les differentes formes de la derivation computationnelle des predictions d'une theorie. L'A. souleve la question de la testabilite computationnelle des theories et de la pertinence de la methode bayesienne pour definir la verite
STRESS ANALYSIS OF NOZZLES IN CYLINDRICAL VESSELS WITH EXTERNAL LOAD

The analysis is carried out for a cylindrical vessel with a nozzle subjected to external loading consisting of longitudinal and circumferential moments and radial force. The Flugge-Conrad solutions with the Sanders-Simmonds concentrated force solution are utilized for a local analysis, to which asymptotic approximations for the effect of the vessel length and continuity around the vessel circumference are added. This is incorporated in a computer code FAST for which set up and run times are minimal for a given case of geometry and load. The comparison with experimental results is about as good as can be expected for eight models, with parameters in the ranges: 50 ≤ D /T ≤ 2530, 0.01 ≤ d /D ≤ 0.5, and 6.5 ≤ d /t ≤ 240. Hence, the calculation should be useful for an improvement in nozzle design. Example curves and tables of stress factors are included.
Biological effects of green tea capsule supplementation in pre-surgery postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

Regular green tea intake has been associated with an inverse risk of breast cancer. There is compelling experimental evidence that green tea, particularly, epigallocatechin gallate, the most potent green tea catechin, possesses a range of anti-cancer properties. We conducted a pre-surgical study of green tea capsules versus no green tea in women with primary breast cancer to determine the effects of green tea supplementation on markers of biological response. Postmenopausal women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or stage I or II breast cancer took green tea capsules (940 mg per day) for an average of 35 days prior to surgery (n=13) or received no green tea (n=18). Paired diagnostic core biopsy and surgical specimen samples were analyzed for cell proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (caspase 3) and angiogenesis (CD34) separately in benign and malignant cell components. There were no significant changes in caspase-3 and CD34 in the green tea and no green tea groups and there were no significant differences in the change in these markers between the two groups. However, Ki-67 levels declined in both benign and malignant cell components in the green tea group; the decline in Ki-67 positivity in malignant cells was not statistically significant (P=0.10) but was statistically significant in benign cells (P=0.007). Ki-67 levels in benign and malignant cells did not change significantly in the no green tea group. There was a statistically significant difference in the change in Ki-67 in benign cells (P=0.033) between the green tea and the no green tea groups. The trend of a consistent reduction in Ki-67 in both benign and malignant cells in the green tea group warrants further investigations in a larger study of breast cancer patients or high-risk women.
Venographic Changes Associated with Seeded and Nonseeded Vena Cava Grafting

Thirty-four mongrel dogs had their inferior vena cava replaced by a 10 cm porcine endothelial cell seeded or nonseeded polytetrafluroethylene graft. Graft patency at four days (documented by cavograms) was then correlated with that noted at the time of sacrifice (day 32). The overall day 32 patency rate was 32 %. Grafts seeded and treated with aspirin had the highest patency rate. Collaterals were noted on all cavograms showing clotted grafts and on none of the patent grafts. Large collaterals were seen in 25% of the subjects, and moderate and minimal collateralization occurred in 75% of the cases. No correlation was noted between graft occlusion and symptomatology.
Chemical shifts of the μ

Abstract The differences in chemical shifts between a muon and a proton in simple diatomic halide molecules are calculated and shown to be about 2 ppm. A formula based on the shift of the μ+ precession frequency is presented for determining reaction rates for μ molecule formation.
The Potential for Signal Integration and Processing in Interacting Map Kinase Cascades

The cellular response to environmental stimuli requires biochemical information processing through which sensory inputs and cellular status are integrated and translated into appropriate responses by way of interacting networks of enzymes. One such network, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade is a highly conserved signal transduction module that propagates signals from cell surface receptors to various cytosolic and nuclear targets by way of a phosphorylation cascade. We have investigated the potential for signal processing within a network of interacting feed-forward kinase cascades typified by the MAP kinase cascade. A genetic algorithm was used to search for sets of kinetic parameters demonstrating representative key input-output patterns of interest. We discuss two of the networks identified in our study, one implementing the exclusive-or function (XOR) and another implementing what we refer to as an in-band detector (IBD) or two-sided threshold. These examples confirm the potential for logic and amplitude-dependent signal processing in interacting MAP kinase cascades demonstrating limited cross-talk. Specifically, the XOR function allows the network to respond to either one, but not both signals simultaneously, while the IBD permits the network to respond exclusively to signals within a given range of strength, and to suppress signals below as well as above this range. The solution to the XOR problem is interesting in that it requires only two interacting pathways, crosstalk at only one layer, and no feedback or explicit inhibition. These types of responses are not only biologically relevant but constitute signal processing modules that can be combined to create other logical functions and that, in contrast to amplification, cannot be achieved with a single cascade or with two non-interacting cascades. Our computational results revealed surprising similarities between experimental data describing the JNK/MKK4/MKK7 pathway and the solution for the IBD that evolved from the genetic algorithm. The evolved IBD not only exhibited the required non-monotonic signal strength-response, but also demonstrated transient and sustained responses that properly reflected the input signal strength, dependence on both of the MAPKKs for signaling, phosphorylation site preferences by each of the MAPKKs, and both activation and inhibition resulting from the overexpression of one of the MAPKKs.
Evaluation of a Francis turbine draft tube flow at part load using hybrid RANS-LES turbulence modelling

It is well known that part-load operation of Francis turbines is dominated by time-dependent phenomena. A high swirl level at the turbine runner outlet constitutes a complex inlet boundary condition for the draft tube flow at this condition. The draft tube flow simulation using a quasi-steady approach of typical two-equation turbulence modelling (k-ω SST) can provide good agreement between measurements and computational calculation for the optimum point. Global main structures of the flow as well as secondary flows can be well predicted. For part load condition this hypothesis is quite questionable due to different time scales which are associated to the different effects that can be observed at this condition. Steady state simulations do not predict the physics of the flow accurately. This work presents an evaluation of the part-load simulation results when applying a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence modelling approach using the finite volume method. Firstly, steady state results employing the k-ω SST turbulence model are presented. Then transient calculations employing both k-ω SST and SAS SST, a 2nd generation hybrid turbulence model, are also presented. In this model, a spatial filtering based on the grid size is not the main criteria applied to determinate the smallest calculated scales of the flow, but the instabilities of the flow field itself are the trigger for the reduction of eddy viscosity production. The effects of the mesh resolution on the solved turbulent structures are also evaluated. The numerical results are compared to time-averaged velocity profile data obtained by LDA (Laser-Doppler-Anemometry) measurements at the inlet of the draft tube diffuser of an nq=55 1/min Francis turbine. Velocity components in flow direction and transversal to it are evaluated. The investigation shows that the steady state results present considerable deviations when compared to those measurements. The transient calculations using the unsteady k-ω SST approach shows some improvement, but the tendencies are similar to steady state calculations. Calculations employing the SAS SST model shows overall better concordance between simulations and measurements. The results calculated with a finer grid model do not present significant improvement on the velocity profiles prediction when compared with the coarser grid one, although allowing the calculation of smaller eddies.
Simulation of Blast Waves with Headwind

The blast wave resulting from an explosion was simulated to provide guidance for models estimating risks for human spacecraft flight. Simulations included effects of headwind on blast propagation, Blasts were modelled as an initial value problem with a uniform high energy sphere expanding into an ambient field. Both still air and cases with headwind were calculated.
A randomized, phase II study of preoperative plus postoperative imatinib in GIST: evidence of rapid radiographic response and temporal induction of tumor cell apoptosis.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma arising in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is efficacious in treating advanced and metastatic GIST. Patients undergoing resection of GIST realize a highly variable median disease-free survival (DFS). In the absence of prospective data, we conducted a randomized, phase II study to assess the safety and efficacy of preoperative and postoperative imatinib for the treatment of GIST. Nineteen GIST patients undergoing surgical resection were randomized to receive 3, 5, or 7 days of preoperative imatinib (600 mg daily). Patients received postoperative imatinib for 2 years. Perioperative adverse events were compared with those in an imatinib-naive historical control. The efficacy of imatinib was assessed by 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET), dynamic computed tomography (dCT), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and DFS. Imatinib did not affect surgical morbidity as compared with an imatinib-naive cohort (p ≥ 0.1). Most patients responded to preoperative imatinib by 18FDG-PET and dCT (69% and 71%, respectively). Tumor cell apoptosis increased by an average of 12% (range 0–33%) and correlated with the duration of preoperative imatinib (p = 0.04). Median DFS of patients treated with surgery and imatinib was 46 months (range 10–46 months). Tumor size was a predictor of recurrence after postoperative imatinib (p = 0.02). Imatinib appears to be safe and may be considered for patients undergoing surgical resection of their GIST. Radiographic response and tumor cell apoptosis occur within the first week of imatinib therapy.
Phase separation in alloy‐Si interaction

Phase separation has been found to be a general phenomenon among many alloy‐Si interactions at temperatures as high as 800 °C. We have studied these interactions with alloys consisting of a near‐noble metal of Ni, Pd, and Pt, and a refractory metal of Cr, V, and W. The interaction produces a silicide of the near‐noble metals next to the Si and an outer layer of silicide of the refractory metals. No evidence for ternary formation has been found.
GBT telescope and instrumentation control system hardware architecture: computers, networks, interfaces, and timing

The Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is designed to be a flexible instrument, accommodating many different types of front ends, back ends, and observing styles. In order to support this flexibility, a system architecture was developed according to the principles of modularity. The system is a loosely coupled group of cooperating computers, tied together to form a complete system. The hardware design of the GBT Control System will be presented. The computer architecture, network architecture, and system synchronization and timing methods will be addressed. Progress towards implementation will be described, and the lessons learned as a result of implementing the system will be covered.
Evaluation of left ventricular function by radionuclide angiography during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with chronic coronary heart disease

Radionuclide angiography permits evaluation of left ventricular performance during exercise. There are sever al factors that may affect the results in normal subjects and in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. Important among these are the selection criteria: age, sex, level of exercise, exercise end points, ejection fraction at rest and effects of pharmacologic agents. An abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise is not a specific marker for coronary heart disease but may be encountered in other cardiac diseases. In addition to the diagnostic considerations, important prognostic data can be obtained. Further studies are needed to determine the prognostic implications of anatomic findings versus the functional abnormalities induced by exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
Small G protein-induced trafficking of the Epithelial Na+ channel

The long term control of blood pressure involves Na+ homeostasis through the precise regulation of the Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. ENaC activity is regulated, in part, by trafficking to the plasma membrane. Membrane levels of ENaC reflect constitutive delivery and regulated retrieval. To explore the action of small G proteins on the activity and trafficking of ENaC we utilized electrophysiological recordings of ENaC, biochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. RhoA increases ENaC activity by promoting channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. Direct visualization of ENaC movement near the plasma membrane with TIRF-FRAP revealed that RhoA accelerates ENaC trafficking toward the membrane. RhoA-facilitated movement of the channel was sensitive to disrupting the endomembrane system. Moreover, facilitating retrieval decreased ENaC activity but not trafficking toward the membrane. Rab11a and Rab3a are well-established as a participant in the regulation of recycling trafficking. Co-expression of Rab11a and Rab3a with ENaC results in a significant increase in channel activity. Biochemical and imaging methods demonstrate that Rab11a colocalized with ENaC and increased ENaC activity by affecting the plasma membrane levels of this channel. Rab11a increases ENaC activity in an additive manner with dominant-negative dynamin, which is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis. Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of intracellular protein translocation, blocked the stimulatory action of Rab11a on ENaC activity. This is consistent with a mechanism of increased trafficking toward the plasma membrane. We conclude that RhoA, likely through effects on the cytoskeleton, promotes ENaC trafficking to the plasma membrane to increase channel membrane levels and activity. Moreover, we hypothesize that ENaC channels, present on the apical plasma membrane, are being exchanged with channels from the intracellular (recycling) endosomes in a Rab11-dependent manner.Supported by AHA and ASN.