cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
17β‐estradiol regulates cytokine release through modulation of CD16 expression in monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages

Objective Macrophages release cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, which modulate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophage release of these cytokines can be modulated by estrogen. Fcγ receptor type IIIA (CD16a) is a receptor expressed on macrophages that selectively binds IgG molecules, an important rheumatoid factor in RA. Binding of CD16 by anti-CD16 monoclonal antibodies stimulates macrophage cytokine release. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that decreased concentrations of estrogen (17β-estradiol) directly cause an increase in CD16 expression, resulting in increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes and/or macrophages upon receptor binding. Methods THP-1 cells and female human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with no 17β-estradiol, physiologic levels (1 × 10−8M) of 17β-estradiol, or 1 × 10−8M 17β-estradiol followed by withdrawal of 17β-estradiol. Surface expression of CD16 and CD16 messenger RNA was measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cytokine release from 17β-estradiol–treated or untreated monocytes was then quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and FACS after crosslinking the receptor with anti-CD16 antibodies. Results CD16 transcript significantly increased in macrophage-like THP-1 cells and in primary, peripheral blood macrophages in the absence of 17β-estradiol, and the observed increase in message was dependent on transcription. CD16 receptor levels on CD14+, transforming growth factor β–treated primary monocytes also increased in cells deprived of 17β-estradiol. Analysis of the cytokines released showed that CD16 crosslinking stimulated significant increases in TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 due to the absence of estrogen. Conclusion Estrogen can modulate proinflammatory cytokine release from activated monocytes and/or macrophages, in part through modulation of CD16 expression.
Who Taught You to Talk Like That?: The University and Online Political Discourse

Rancorous dialogue among political opponents is nothing new in the American political system. However, in the past two decades or so, pundits and scholars have noted an increase in the overall intensity and frequency of incivility among elected officials and citizens. At the collegiate level, many universities have undertaken some form of civility initiative to help students learn how to address political conversation in a civil manner. However, these initiatives are problematic in that they may tend to attract those already predisposed to such civility goals and lack in external validity. In this article, we investigate how university communities may be able to use online discussions, particularly spontaneous ones, to address controversial political issues. Using the asynchronous online postings at one liberal arts university, Furman University, in response to a campus visit by George W. Bush, we investigate the nature of political discourse in these unstructured political conversations. Through content ...
Annealed proton-exchanged LiNbO 3 waveguides

We report characterization of annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in LiNbO3. Effective-mode indices and fundamental-mode intensity profiles were measured for a variety of fabrication conditions. Index profile, depth, and surface refractive-index change were determined versus exchange depth and anneal time and are presented in a universal form. An empirical concentration-dependent diffusion model describing the annealing process is presented. The refractive-index dispersion in proton-exchanged and annealed proton-exchanged waveguides was determined for wavelengths between 0.4 and 1.1 μm.
Determination of the point of zero charge of composite oxides

The variation of the point of zero charge (pzc) as a function of dopant concentration in a composite oxide system has been examined. For the model system, titania-alumina, the surface charge development of the composite material varies systematically in accordance with the relative proportion of each of the pure phases in the composite. The pzc of these composites as well as physical mixtures of TiO2 and A12O3 were determined by mass titration. A model is proposed to explain the results obtained on the basis of a highly dispersed dopant phase. The cluster size estimated from this model is consistent with those estimated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface area contributed by each of the individual oxides forming the composite determines the pzc for this composite oxide system.
Scoliosis after chest wall resection

Background data There has been an increased focus on the role of rib abnormalities in the development of scoliosis. Rib resection may influence the development of scoliosis. Although scoliosis has been identified in patients after thoracotomy, most of the currently available information is from case reports.
Cantharidin Use Among Pediatric Dermatologists in the Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum

Cantharidin is cited often in the dermatology and pediatric literature as a valuable treatment option for molluscum contagiosum (MC). However, there have been no prospective, randomized, vehicle-controlled trials that have been able to quantify cantharidin's efficacy in MC. The purpose of this study was to determine the breadth of usage of cantharidin, most frequently used protocols, and common side effects seen with use of cantharidin. An eighteen question survey was administered to the Society of Pediatric Dermatology. The survey sought to evaluate treatments used in MC and experiences with cantharidin including: protocol, side effects, specific products used, and satisfaction with cantharidin. A total of 300 surveys were distributed via email, 101 surveys were initiated, and 95 (94%) of these were completed. Cantharidin, imiquimod, benign neglect, curettage, cryotherapy, and retinoids were the most common approaches to pediatric MC reported by respondents. Ninety-two percent of respondents reported satisfaction with cantharidin's efficacy, but 79% reported side effects, with discomfort/pain and blistering being the most common. Cantharidin is a common modality in the treatment of MC among pediatric dermatologists. While efficacy data is still lacking, subjective satisfaction with cantharidin is reported. Cantharidin remains a viable treatment option for children with MC.
Does Acuity of Presentation Impact the Incidence of Right Ventricular Failure Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose We sought to examine the incidence of right ventricular failure (RVF) and survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), according to acuity of presentation. Methods and Materials All patients with ICM receiving a continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) after 2007 were included. Acute presentation was defined as no previous history of heart failure and occurring in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI). All acute patients were in INTERMACS profile 1. RVF was defined as per INTERMACS criteria. Results Between June 2007 and August 2012, 111 patients with ICM underwent implantation of a CF LVAD (106 Heartmate II, 5 HeartWare). There were 29 patients that presented acutely. Patients with acute ICM (n=82) were significantly younger (mean age 57±8.4 vs. 61.6±8.1 years, p=0.01) than patients with chronic ICM. Also, chronic ICM patients had a significantly greater proportion of cardiovascular comorbidities than acute ICM patients. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mean 54.4±16.7 vs. 41.5±15.7 mmHg, p=0.002) and LV end-diastolic dimension (6.7 vs. 5.4 cm, p Conclusions The incidence of right heart failure appears to be lower among patients with an acute presentation of ICM compared to those with chronic ICM after implantation of a CF LVAD. Despite circulatory collapse in the acute group of patients, superior right heart function and a lower burden of cardiovascular comorbidities may produce a mid-term survival that is comparable to patients with chronic ICM after LVAD.
Low Temperature Tolerance Assessment in Paspalum

The plant survival of three ecotypes of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) submitted to freezing temperatures was evaluated by two methods: electrolyte leakage and freeze shock-recovery. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Midiron] was used as a check. Acclimated and nonacclimated plants were evaluated from 1994 to 1995 in Georgia by both methods to compare their performance. Results indicated that seashore paspalum was slower to acclimate than Midiron bermuda under the treatment conditions used in this experiment. However, a significant acclimation effect was found in HI-1 paspalum, indicating the presence of variability for this trait within the species. The LT 50 determinations demonstrated the superior cold hardiness of Midiron compared with seashore paspalum. Among the paspalum ecotypes, HI-1 ranked superior to Adalayd and PI 299042, respectively, when plants were acclimated (AC). When nonacclimated (NA), Adalayd ranked superior to the other two ecotypes. These genotypic rankings were consistent for both methods of evaluation, indicating their effectiveness for efficiently screening cold hardiness responses among multiple ecotypes. Electrolyte leakage curves indicated that the lethal electrolyte leakage levels for AC and NA paspalum ecotypes were similar. Additional studies are required to evaluate the mechanism present in HI-1, which showed significant acclimation effects on plant survival.
Working to learn and learning to work: A profile of service-learning courses in university public relations programs☆

Abstract The purpose of this study was to use quantitative survey methodology triangulated with qualitative interviews to explore faculty perceptions in four key areas of service-learning in public relations programs: (1) conceptualization, (2) outcomes, (3) institutional support, and (4) instructional techniques. Results support findings in other disciplines. Public relations course goals reflect four different types of stated learning outcomes: (1) application to real-world settings, (2) teamwork, (3) interactions with PR clients, and (4) civic responsibility, but most educators include reflection opportunities only on public relations concepts and not on community engagement.
Algorithms for low power hardware synthesis from Concurrent Action Oriented Specifications (CAOS)

Behavioural synthesis has received considerable attention recently and new action-oriented hardware specification formalisms have been proposed. We call such formalisms Concurrent Action Oriented Specifications (CAOS). CAOS models have low granularity concurrent atomic action descriptions with a semantics similar to Dijkstra's guarded command language. Such models have been shown to generate efficient hardware designs, and the importance of making such CAOS-based synthesis process power-aware cannot be undervalued. In this paper, we formulate the problems of power-optimal synthesis for CAOS, discuss several heuristics and show some numerical examples illustrating the use of such heuristics during CAOS-based synthesis.
1982 resident's essay award: The immunologic effects of lymphoid irradiation in human and non-human primates: Cellular changes and the potential for renal transplantation

Abstract Previous reports have suggested that the immunosuppressive effects of lymphoid irradiation (LI) are related to changes in T cell peripheral blood levels. We prospectively studied 13 patients with Stages I and II Hodgkin's disease before, during, and after a course of Lt. Forty to 45Gy delivered to the mantle field in 412–5 weeks was followed by a 3–4 week break and 35–40Gy to the paraaortic field. Daily fraction size was 1.1–1.8Gy. Peripheral venous samples were drawn weekly. T cell subsets were identified by fluorescent staining of lymphocyte surface antigens using murine monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 (reactive with all T cells, helper/inducer cells (H/I), and cytotoxic/suppressor cells (C/S), respectively), and quantitated by flow cytometry. The absolute lymphocyte count prior to LI was 1400 ± 270/mm3. This fell to 597 ± 280/mm3 at the conclusion of LI and returned to 1490 ± 800/mm3 at 7–8 months post-LI. The percent total T cells and H/I were reduced from pre-LI values of 66 ± 8 % and 48 ± 10%, respectively, to 7–8 month post-LI values of 36 ± 16% and 19 ± 8%. The percent C/S cells was relatively unchanged by Lt: 20 ± 4% before treatment and 26 ±10 % at 7–8 months after Lt. Seven previously spleenectomized cynomolgus monkeys received 20Gy of LI in 20 equal daily fractions over a 4 week period through a single anterior field including the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, paraaortic iliac, and inguinal lymph node chains at a dose rate of 4.6–4.8cGy/minute. Renal allografts from unrelated monkey donors were placed following Lt. Graft function was monitored by urine output, serum BUN and creatinine, and renal biopsy. Low dose rate LI was well tolerated. The absolute lymphocyte count fell from a pre-LI level of 3080 ± 1227/mm3 to 534 ± 478/mm3 at 1 month post-LI. The percent H/I fell slightly during LI from a pre-treatment value of 28 ± 5% to 20 ± 10% at 1 month post-LI. There was a slight increase in percent C/S cells from a pre-LI value of 29 ± 13% to a 1 month post-LI value of 36 ± 19%. In 4 animals that received no LI (controls), survival post-transplant was 8–11 days prior to death from acute rejection. Five animals received transplants immediately following Lt. Four survived 11–56 days prior to death of presumed infection. One died at day 45 with rejection. Another group of two animals received transplants 312 weeks after Lt. One died of rejection at day 42. One remains well at day 394 post-transplant.
Rat strain differences in response to galanin on the Morris water task

Galanin acts as an inhibitory modulator of cholinergic transmission in the septohippocampal pathway of the rat. Centrally administered galanin induces performance deficits on rodent learning and memory tasks, including delayed non-matching to position, T-maze delayed alternation, passive avoidance, starbust radial maze acquisition, and the Morris water task. The present study investigates differences in responsiveness to intraventricularly administered galanin across three strains of laboratory rat on acquisition of spatial learning in the Morris water task. Sprague-Dawley rats showed normal performance during training, but lack of selective quadrant search on the probe trial in response to galanin treatment. Long-Evans rats showed no effects of galanin on performance during training or probe trial. Wistar rats showed longer latencies to reach the hidden platform during training, and lack of selective quadrant search on the probe trial in response to galanin. Performance on the visible platform task and on locomotor activity in the open field was normal in rats treated with galanin. These results are consistent with an interpretation of strain differences in sensitivity to the inhibitory actions of galanin on learning and memory.
DAR ES SALAAM, THE PORT AND ITS TRIBUTARY AREA1

(1958). DAR ES SALAAM, THE PORT AND ITS TRIBUTARY AREA. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 419-435.
Sugarcane bagasse composites from vegetable oils

Sugarcane bagasse composites have been prepared by the free radical polymerization of regular or modified vegetable oils with divinylbenzene and n-butyl methacrylate in the presence of dried, ground sugarcane bagasse. Various cure times and temperatures have been investigated to determine the optimum cure sequence for the new materials. The postcure time has also been varied, and an ideal postcure treatment of 1 h at 180°C at ambient pressure has given the best overall properties. The effect of varying the filler load and resin composition has been assessed by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Soxhlet extraction, followed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the extracts, and scanning electron microscopy. It has been observed that the initial washing and drying of the filler influence the filler–resin interaction and impact the final properties of the composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nursing Support of the Process of Becoming a Mother

In this overview, the stages in the process of becoming a mother and the variables influencing the process, including the mother's interacting family and friends, community, and societal environments, are discussed as a background for providing care to facilitate this process. Empathic listening and interactive dialogue with the mother are important approaches to identify and address her concerns during this important transition.
Effect of catheter movement and contact during application of radiofrequency energy on ablation lesion characteristics

The efficient delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy through an endocardial ablation catheter is affected by variable tissue contact due to cardiac motion with myocardial contraction and respiration. In addition, many operators intentionally move an ablation catheter during the delivery of radiofrequency energy when targeting specific arrhythmias that require lines of conduction block such as atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. We sought to characterize and quantify any effects of catheter movement and intermittent ablation catheter contact on lesion characteristics. An ex vivo model consisting of recently excised viable bovine myocardium, a circulating saline bath at 37 °C, a submersible load cell, and a deflectable sheath with an ablation catheter was assembled. A stepper motor attached to an ablation catheter apparatus was programmed to simulate linear drag lesions and series of point lesions with variable contact using constant force. Lesion volumes were analyzed using a digital micrometer by measuring depth, max width, depth at max width, and surface width and compared. The drag lesion was significantly larger than a point-by-point linear lesion using a constant force of 15 g (2,088 ± 122 mm3 vs. 1,595 ± 121.6; p = 0.01) when controlling for RF time and power. For single point lesion assessment, constant contact lesions were significantly larger than lesions created with intermittent contact using the same duration of RF (194 ± 68 mm3 vs. 112.5 ± 53; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in lesion size between the constant contact at 60 s and 90-s intermittent contact lesions (194 ± 68 mm3 vs.186 ± 69). In our ex vivo model, externally irrigated radiofrequency catheters produced drag lesion volumes equal to or larger than those created by a point-by-point method. We also found decreased lesion size due to intermittent contact can be overcome by increasing duration of ablation time.
Evolving Role of Arsenic Trioxide in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(15;17) and the creation of the fusion gene promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor–α. This gene product impairs differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells, and thus, a focus of the treatment of APL is the promotion of differentiation. The standard of care for newly diagnosed APL currently includes induction and consolidation therapy with all- trans -retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. The treatment of choice for patients with relapsed APL is arsenic trioxide, which induces high complete remission rates. This review article explores the use of arsenic trioxide as Initials therapy in newly diagnosed APL.
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity: Preliminary Results

Purpose: To report preliminary results on using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as an adjuvant treatment in primary soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity. Methods and Materials: Between February 2002 and March 2005, 31 adult patients with primary STS of the extremity were treated with surgery and adjuvant IMRT. Tumor size was >10 cm in 74% of patients and grade was high in 77%. Preoperative IMRT was given to 7 patients (50 Gy) and postoperative IMRT (median dose, 63 Gy) was given to 24 patients. Complete gross resection including periosteal stripping or bone resection was required in 10, and neurolysis or nerve resection in 20. The margins were positive or within 1 mm in 17. Complications from surgery and radiation therapy (RT) were assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading system. Results: Median follow-up time was 23 months. Grade 1 RT dermatitis developed in 71% of patients, Grade 2 in 16%, and Grade 3 in 10%. Infectious wound complications developed in 13% and noninfectious complications in 10%. Two patients (6.4%) developed fractures. Grade 1 neuropathy developed in 28% of patients and Grade 2 in 5%. The rates of Grade 1 and 2 joint stiffness were each 19%. Grade 1 edema was observed in 19% of patients and Grade 2 in 13%. The 2-year local control, distant control, and overall survival were 95%, 65%, and 81%, respectively. Conclusion: Intensity modulated RT appears to provide excellent local control in a difficult group of high-risk patients. The morbidity profile is also favorable, but longer follow-up is needed to confirm the results from this study.
Progress in instrumentation, data reduction, and depth profiles in Auger electron spectroscopy

Abstract Progress in the use of Auger electron spectroscopy is discussed. Specifically limits to spatial resolution in the scanning Auger microprobe resulting from backscattered electrons is illustrated. Determination of chemical state by peak shapes and energies are discussed along with the use of correction factors in quantitating Auger electron data. Finally, the use of inverse Laplace transforms of angle-resolved electron spectroscopy data to generate composition depth profiles of sputtered GaAs is illustrated. It is concluded that Gibbsian surface segregation during sputtering caused depletion of As near the surface of GaAs.
“Do all things with counsel” 1 : Benedictine women and organizational democracy

The purpose of this essay is to set forth a model for organizfltional democracy especially suited to feminist and other non‐traditional, non‐hierarchical organizations and to illustrate that model by way of a case study of two communities of Benedictine nuns. The elements of the model are: shared fundamental values, structures designed to encourage true participation, and the provision of resources members need to participate effectively. The decision‐making practices of Benedictine sisters are a suitable case study, because Benedictine communities are feminist in nature, have relatively flat organizational structures, and have been using democratic practices for a longer period of time than have most contemporary organizations.
Sensitivity-Enhanced Transmission Raman Spectroscopy

Transmission Raman sensitivity for a representative commercial pharmaceutical tablet was increased by a factor of 40 using optics that returned lost laser and Raman photons to the tablet surface. A new achromatic one-way mirror is introduced that uses the spatial coherence of laser light to nondestructively force laser photons through the reflective tablet coating. Transmission Raman mapping and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) mapping were developed and used to better understand the sensitivity-enhancement technology. Fundamental limitations of the sensitivity-enhancement approach are described and used to guide the design of the optics. The sensitivity-enhancement optics are compatible with commercial transmission Raman instruments.
Evidence for the generality of linear cell growth

The possibility that a single growth pattern may apply to all cells during their normal replication cycle in steady-state growth is considered, despite the apparent diversity of earlier results. Existing data on cell growth were re-examined. These include studies of single cells and synchronous cultures, analyses of population distributions, and measurements of the uptake of growth factors. All of these data are consistent with linear growth, i.e. a constant growth rate during most of the cycle, as the fundamental form for cultures in steady-state growth on compounds of low molecular weight. It is suggested that constant growth rates are a result of a growth-limiting number of functional sites for binding to the cell or transport of growth factors into it, and that the number of sites does not change until late in the growth-duplication cycle, when the average number is doubled.
Lipemia retinalis preceding acute pancreatitis.

Abstract Background Lipemia retinalis is a visible ophthalmic manifestation of severe hypertriglyceridemia. It may also be the only systemic sign present if triglycerides are acutely elevated in an asymptomatic patient. It may be the harbinger of more serious complications, such as acute pancreatitis and coronary artery disease. Case report A 39-year-old woman presented for a diabetic eye examination. Dilated fundus examination found diffuse whitening of the retinal arteries and veins. The patient was asymptomatic without other remarkable ocular or systemic signs. The patient subsequently experienced an episode of acute pancreatitis. After a relative normalization of the triglyceride levels, the retina returned to baseline appearance. The patient’s ocular health is monitored annually, and her endocrinologist modified the treatment regimen for improved lipid control. Conclusion Although lipemia retinalis does not typically result in vision loss, it is a sign of a systemic condition that can have potentially fatal consequences. While the retinal appearance normalizes soon after resolution of the acute lipid imbalance, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to obtain the desirable systemic outcome. Optometrists play a critical role in prompt referral of these patients for appropriate management of their lipids.
Erythropoietin increases neurogenesis and oligodendrogliosis of subventricular zone precursor cells after neonatal stroke.

Background and Purpose—Stroke is a common cause of neonatal brain injury. The subventricular zone is a lifelong source of newly generated cells in rodents, and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has sh...
ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to tungsten.

As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the toxicological profile for benzene. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on benzene that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations and advisories.
Simulations of the Gramicidin A Channel by Using the TR-PNP Model

We propose an extension (TR-PNP) of the traditional PNP model by explicitly taking into account the effects of ion trapping and release. Our solution to this problem has originated from the treatment introduced by Shockley, Read and Hall model in semiconductor theory. Simulation results are presented for the Gramicidin A channel by using both the TR-PNP and the PNP models and are compared with experiments.
Assessment of motor ability of selected deaf children in Kansas.

48 residential students at the Kansas State School for the Deaf were given the Brace Motor Ability Test. Sex had little influence on the levels of performance, while age below 7 yr. yielded significantly lower performance. The extent of hearing loss did not influence the performance.
The Normal Mode Approach to the Initialization Problem

The baroclinic primitive equation models used for short and medium range weather forecasting admit undesirable high frequency gravity waves as well as the desirable slow-moving Rossby modes. The gravity waves are excited by initial imbalances between the observed mass and wind fields and by inconsistencies between model and atmosphere. The initial separation of the meteorological noise (gravity waves) from the signal has been the long-time goal of model initialization procedures.
Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis IV: Determination of Antispasmodic Mixtures

Parameters associated with the separation of antianxiety—antispasmodic agents were investigated using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Eight widely prescribed drugs were studied. The compounds were chromatographed on reversed-phase octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18) or diphenyldichlorosilane (phenyl) columns, using mixtures of absolute methanol and distilled water buffered with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium acid phosphate, or ammonium carbonate. A mixture of phenobarbitalpropantheline bromide was selected to demonstrate the utility of the separation and quantification method. The mixture was chromatographed on a phenyl column, using absolute methanol-aqueous 1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (60:40) (pH 5.85) at a flow rate of 1.4 ml/min. Each determination can be achieved in approximately 15 min with an accuracy of 1–2%.
Relationship of Normal Serum Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels to Cognitive Test Performance in Subtypes of Geriatric Major Depression

This retrospective study evaluated the relationships between normal serum vitamin B12 and folate levels and neuropsy chologic measures in a sample of 60 geriatric inpatients with psychotic depression, nonpsychotic depression, bipolar dis order, and dementia—all consecutively referred for cognitive testing. The psychotic depression subgroup demonstrated numerous significant positive correlations between B12 and cognitive subtests not seen in other diagnostic subgroups, especially those of IQ, and verbal and visual memory. Metabolic factors including vitamin B12 may play specific roles in the cognitive dysfunctions of different geropsychiatric disorders.
Aboveground productivity and soil carbon storage of biofuel crops in Ohio

Biofuel crops may help achieve the goals of energy-efficient renewable ethanol production and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation through carbon (C) storage. The objective of this study was to compare the aboveground biomass yields and soil organic C (SOC) stocks under four crops (no-till corn, switchgrass, indiangrass, and willow) 7 years since establishment at three sites in Ohio to determine if high-yielding biofuel crops are also capable of high levels of C storage. Corn grain had the highest potential ethanol yields, with an average of more than 4100 L ha 1 , and ethanol yields increased if both corn grain and stover were converted to biofuel, while willow had the lowest yields. The SOC concentration in soils under biofuels was generally unaffected by crop type; at one site, soil in the top 10 cm under willow contained nearly 13 Mg C ha 1 more SOC (or 29% more) than did soils under switchgrass or corn. Crop type affected SOC content of macroaggregates in the top 10 cm of soil, where macroaggregates in soil under corn had lower C, N and C : N ratios than those under perennial grasses or trees. Overall, the results suggest that no-till corn is capable of high ethanol yields and equivalent SOC stocks to 40 cm depth. Long-term monitoring and measurement of SOC stocks at depth are required to determine whether this trend remains. In addition, ecological, energy, and GHG assessments should be made to estimate the C footprint of each feedstock.
6 Watt Segmented Power Generator Modules using Bi2Te3 and (InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x Elements Embedded with ErAs Nanoparticles.

We report the fabrication and characterization of segmented element power generator modules of 16 x 16 thermoelectric elements consisting of 0.8 mm thick Bi2Te3 and 50 μm thick ErAs:(InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x with 0.6% ErAs by volume. Erbium Arsenide metallic nanoparticles are incorporated to create scattering centers for middle and long wavelength phonons, and to form local potential barriers for electron filtering. The thermoelectric properties of ErAs:(InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x were characterized in terms of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient from 300 K up to 830 K. Generator modules of Bi2Te3 and ErAs:(InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x segmented elements were fabricated and an output power of 6.3 W was measured. 3D finite modeling shows that the performance of thermoelectric generator modules can further be enhanced by the improvement of the thermoelectric properties of the element materials, and reducing the electrical and thermal parasitic losses.
Local variability based sampling for mapping a soil erosion cover factor by co-simulation with Landsat TM images

When using remotely sensed data, a cost-efficient sampling design for collecting ground data is needed to accurately map natural resources, environmental and ecological systems. The existing methods including traditional simple random sampling and kriging or cokriging variance based sampling designs can not lead to optimal sampling designs. In this study, a local variability based sampling design using a sequential Gaussian co-simulation by combining remotely sensed and ground data is developed. This method theoretically can lead to a sampling design with variable sampling distances, that is, grid spacings that are optimal at local and global levels. The method was assessed and compared with simple random sampling in a case study in which the soil erosion ground and vegetation cover factor was sampled and mapped using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and annual permanent ground measurements sampled from 1989 to 1995. The results show that the local variability based sampling greatly reduced the number of sampled plots and increased the cost-efficiency for sampling in comparison to simple random sampling. The difference in cost-efficiency between the two methods increased with increased global variation. This method can also be applied to analyse the sufficiency of a permanent plot sample and further provide information for additional sampling.
Varenicline improves information processing speed and verbal memory in methamphetamine-dependent participants

and boys; and maternal family problem severity was significantly related to girls’ social withdrawal and boys’ thoughts problems. Conclusions: Despite similar levels of syndromes or problem severity, girls and boys of substance-abusing mothers are influenced by different aspects of maternal conditions; maternal substance usemay particularly confer risk for girls’ problembehaviors. Financial Support: None.
Recanalization of Concomitant Iliac Artery and Common Femoral Artery Occlusions Using an Antegrade Hybrid (Open/Endovascular) Approach

The endovascular treatment of patients with bulky iliofemoral occlusions usually requires a femoral endarterectomy, coupled with iliac recanalization. This requires crossing the occlusions with a guidewire, which is usually attempted in a retrograde fashion. If this fails, then a surgical inflow procedure is necessary. Antegrade crossing of an iliac occlusion either from the contralateral femoral or transbrachial approach and retrieval of the guidewire during the ensuing femoral endarterectomy obviates the need for luminal reentry, ensures inflow by endovascular recanalization of the iliac artery, and avoids the need for surgical bypass. This underused technique should be considered in such situations, and its details are described.
Management of congenital nevocytic nevi: A survey of current practices

Questionnaires were sent to the chairmen of 105 dermatology training programs and to sixty practicing dermatologists (randomly chosen from the American Academy of Dermatology directory) in order to identify current practices regarding the management of congenital nevocytic nevi. The return rate was 45.7% and 43.3%, respectively. A clear majority of dermatologists both in private practice and in academia recommend the removal of giant- and medium-sized congenital nevocytic nevi. There is less agreement among dermatologists with regard to the treatment of smaller lesions.
On global equilibrium in design of geosynthetic reinforced walls.

Common design of MSE walls is based on a lateral earth pressure approach. A key aspect in design is the determination of the reactive force in each reinforcement layer so as to maintain the system in equilibrium. This force leads to the selection of reinforcement with adequate long term strength. It is also used to calculate the pullout resistive length needed to ensure the capacity of each layer to develop strength. Lateral earth pressures used in design may or may not satisfy basic global equilibrium of the reinforced soil mass. Hence, the present work establishes a benchmark test using a simple statically determinate approach, in order to check if different design procedures satisfy equilibrium. Basic statics indicate that such a test is necessary, but not sufficient, to ascertain the validity of the calculated reactive force. Three existing design methods are examined: AASHTO, National Concrete Masonry Association, and K and subscript o-stiffness. AASHTO, which is the simplest to apply and generally considered conservative, satisfies the benchmark test. However, it may yield very conservative results if one considers the facing to play a major role. NCMA is likely satisfactory if one explicitly accounts for the facing shear resistance in assessing the reaction in the reinforcement. The emerging K and subscript o-stiffness approach, which is empirical, may violate statics potentially leading to underestimation of the reinforcement force.
Interconnection network switch architectures and combining strategies

We have studied a variety of switch architectures for use in the multistage interconnection network of a shared memory multiprocessor. In this paper, we investigate two techniques for improving network performance in the presence of contention: the use of multiple handshaking signals and the use of message combining. Simulation results are provided for implementation alternatives using switches of varying capabilities, in order to compare the effectiveness of different methods. We show that a practical combining switch design, the two-and-a-half-way combining switch, provides performance equivalent to that of other more expensive designs for systems with up to 1024 PEs. >
Regulation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases in isolated canine gastric parietal cells

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) are protein kinases that are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals. This study investigated the expression and regulation of JNKs in isolated gastri...
Vector competence of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

The vector potential of adult house flies, Musca domestica L., for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer), a pathogen of domestic animals and humans, was investigated. Adult flies were allowed to feed on trypticase soy broth (TSB) containing Y. pseudotuberculosis for 6 h and then transferred to sterile containers with sterile TSB as a source of water and nutrients. At 6-h intervals, all flies were transferred to sterile containers with sterile TSB and 10 randomly selected flies were examined for the pathogen. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis did not establish a permanent population in the house fly colony; however, viable cells were detected from the digestive tract of flies for up to 36 h after the initial exposure, and flies contaminated their environment (sterile TSB) for up to 30 h after the exposure. These results demonstrated that house flies can carry Y. pseudotuberculosis for a considerable period and therefore must be considered as a potential mechanical vector of pseudotuberculosis infection.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation

In Chap. 2 you learned that ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation minimizes the squared discrepancy between observed values and fitted ones. This procedure is primarily a descriptive tool, as it identifies the weights we use in our sample to best predict y from x. Sample description is not the only function that regression analyses serve, however; they can also be used to identify population parameters. As it happens, the least squares solution coincides with a more general method for estimating population parameters known as maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE). With MLE, we ask, “What population parameters are most likely to have produced our sample data?” In this chapter, you will learn about MLE and its application to linear regression.
“Crudely, without Any Finesse”: The Defendant Hears His Psychiatric Evaluation

This paper examines the issue of potential harmful effects on an individual who hears a description of his psychodynamics in the highly charged, adversarial context of a courtroom. Ethical considerations and strategies for minimizing such harm are discussed, accompanied by illustrative clinical case material.
The Myxomyceticolous Species of Nectria

SUMMARY A key to the five species of Nectria that develop on sporangia or aethalia of Myxomycetes and a description of each species and its imperfect state (when known) are given. Two new species, Nectria hirsuta and Nectria sporangiicola, are described. Nectria myxomyceticola nom. nov. (Hypomyces exiguus Pat.), Nectria candicans (Plowr.) comb. nov. (Hypomyces candicans Plowr.), Acremonium fungicola (Sacc.) stat. nov. (Diplosporium album var. fungicolum Sacc.), and Stilbella tomentosa var. ovalispora (A. L. Smith) Rogerson comb. nov. (Stilbum tomentosum var. ovalispora A. L. Smith) are proposed. Four species have been grown in culture from solitary ascospores and their characteristics in culture are described. A discussion of the genera Nectriopsis Maire and Hyphonectria (Sacc.) Petch is included. The haploid chromosome number of 4 is reported for Nectria violacea and N. candicans.
A kinetic energy fitting metric for resolution of the identity second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory.

A kinetic-energy-based fitting metric for application in the context of resolution of the identity second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory is presented, which is derived from the Poisson equation. Preliminary tests of the applicability include the evaluation of the error in the correlation energy, compared to standard Moller-Plesset perturbation theory, with respect to the auxiliary basis set employed. We comment on the potential merits of this fitting metric, compared to standard resolution of the identity second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory, and discuss its scaling behavior in the limit of large molecules.
Abstract TP179: Ischemic Stroke Subtypes and Relationship With Migraine in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Introduction and Hypothesis: Epidemiological studies have shown that migraine with aura (MA) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. We assessed the hypothesis that migraine with aura is...
Detection of charged particles with a methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystal

Abstract Methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite crystals have attracted significant attention due to their attractive performance in various optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, photodetectors, and recently in X-ray detectors. In this study, we demonstrate a possible use of perovskite-based devices for detection of charged particles (which can be applied in basic scientific research, health physics, and environmental analysis) and investigate the mechanism of fundamental charge transport inside perovskite crystals. It was found that inexpensive MAPbBr3 single crystals could be used for measuring the energy spectrum of charged particles through direct collection of the produced charge. After fitting the plot of the centroid peak position versus voltage with the Hecht equation for single-polarity charge transport, the obtained hole mobility-lifetime product was in the range of (0.4–1.6)×10−3 cm2/V.
Response to “Training Unafraid Teachers”

Only the unafraid child has a chance in our ever-changing world!” Elizabeth Healy's rallying cry to educators and teacher educators is both familiar and startling. The familiarity occurs because he...
Shadow Plays: Theory’s Perennial Challenges

This article argues that theory holds its ground when it confronts itself with the empirics of its claims and this confrontation is geared to the project of increasing analytical specificity. This means (1) shedding as much light as possible on the very process whereby a type of outcome gets generated or takes shape and (2) identifying the factors that condition the likelihood of this process. From this perspective, sound theorizing is predicated on both empirical grounding and analytical specificity. Combined together, these two requirements constitute the epistemic matrix of claims and concepts geared to cumulative knowledge.
Decarbonation in the Ca-Mg-Fe carbonate system at mid-crustal pressure as a function of temperature and assimilation with arc magmas – Implications for long-term climate

Abstract Carbon is commonly locked in the crust in two carbonate minerals: 1) calcite; and 2) dolomite. Pure, dry calcite is thermally stable to high temperatures, but can be assimilated by melts ascending from the mantle to the surface. Dolomite can decarbonate at high temperatures in addition to being consumed by subarc magmas. In this study, experiments containing carbonate with compositions between dolomite and calcite (with minor iron) give evidence for decarbonation at temperatures as low as 800 °C at 0.5 GPa, at nominally dry conditions, with increasing carbon dioxide release corresponding to increasing Mg/Ca ratios. Allowing these carbonates to interact with typical arc dacite and basaltic magmas at ~15 km depth and temperatures of 1000 and 1150 °C, respectively, depresses the liquidi, produces periclase and olivine with Mg-rich carbonate, expands the stability field of clinopyroxene, and releases CO2. Calculations indicate assimilation- and thermal breakdown-induced release of CO2 both increase with increasing Mg/Ca ratio of carbonate sediments. Extrapolating to conditions of natural systems with magmatic recharge suggests assimilation produces ≤1010–1012 g/y CO2, expelling as much as ~105 g CO2/m3 of carbonate, similar to that which can occur by thermal breakdown of carbonate at 600–800 °C, or potentially less depending on the heat, size and timescale of the aureole formation. Though more dolomitic systems assimilate more and thus release more crustal carbon to the atmosphere than more limestone-rich carbonate, our results indicate both assimilation and thermal breakdown processes can each contribute a significant and important flux of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Likely happening concurrently, these extra sources from the crustal carbon reservoir could affect climate, which may be particularly relevant during Earth's Eocene-Cretaceous warm period.
“Let’s not get sexist” women and identity in community organizations

In a study of social identities and people’s participation in local neighborhood associations, collective identities based on gender and/or race seldom emerged. Although neighborhood associations p...
Developmental Alternatives Of Symbiotic Nostoc Punctiforme In Response To Its Plant Partner Anthoceros Punctatus

In species of certain filamentous cyanobacterial genera of the orders Nostocales and Stigonematales, such as Nostoc, vegetative cells can mature in four developmental directions (Table 1). (i) The cells can divide upon reaching a critical size and perpetuate the vegetative growth cycle, (ii) The cells can divide uncoupled from biomass increase and DNA replication to form motile hormogonium filaments, (iii) Some, or all, cells can differentiate into perennating akinetes. (iv) A few cells (typically less than 10%) can differentiate into nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. Entry into a specific developmental state is initiated by environmental conditions that are presumed to be sensed by distinct signal cascade systems resulting in differential gene expression.