cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An essential role for IFN-β in the induction of IFN-stimulated gene expression by LPS in macrophages

TLR agonists such as LPS and poly(I:C) induce expression of type I IFNs, such as IFN- and -, by macrophages. To examine the role of IFN- in the induction of ISGs by LPS, we compared the ability of LPS to induce ISGF3 activity and ISG expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages from WT and Ifnb1 / mice. We found that LPS treatment activated ISGF3 and induced expression of ISGs such as Oas1, Mx1, Ddx58 (RIG-I), and Ifih1 (MDA5) in WT macrophages, but not in macrophages derived from Ifnb1 / mice or Ifnar1 / mice. The inability of LPS to induce activation of ISGF3 and ISG expression in Ifnb1 / macrophages correlated with the failure of LPS to induce activation of STAT1 and -2 in these cells. Consistent with these findings, LPS treatment also failed to induce ISG expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages from Stat2 KO mice. Although activation of ISGF3 and induction of ISG expression by LPS was abrogated in Ifnb1 / and Ifnar1 / macrophages, activation of NF-B and induction of NF-B-responsive genes, such as Tnf (TNF-) and Il1b (IL-1), were not affected by deletion of either the IFNor IFN-R1 genes. These findings demonstrate that induction of ISGF3 activity and ISG expression by LPS is critically dependent on intermediate production of IFNand autocrine signaling through type I IFN receptors. J. Leukoc. Biol. 96: 000–000; 2014.
Random walks in prefractal porous media

Random walks are used to examine dispersion between miscible fluids in one-dimensional, prefractal porous medium. Mixing in such media is anomalous and several nonlocal theories have been proposed to describe this non-Fickian characteristic. This work simulates dispersion via a random walk in a prefractal media by incorporation local and spatially nonlocal effects and compares the results with laboratory experiments. Results suggest that nonlocal models fit experimental data better than local models.
THE INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF EXERCISE CAPACITY, HEART RATE RESERVE, AND HEART RATE RECOVERY FOR PREDICTING ALL CAUSE MORTALITY

Chronotropic incompetence, measured by the % heart rate (HR) reserve achieved (%HR-reserve), abnormal HR-recovery, and reduced exercise capacity (EC) are known predictors of all-cause mortality (ACM). We examined whether these variables add incremental value for predicting ACM in pts undergoing
Identifications of the polar cap boundary and the auroral belt in the high‐altitude magnetosphere: A model for field‐aligned currents

Using the OGO-5 fluxgate magnetometer data, the polar cap boundary is identified in the high altitude magnetosphere by a sudden transition from a dipolar field to a more tail like configuration. The basic pattern of the magnetic field variations observed during the satellite's traversal of the auroral belt is presented. This pattern shows the existence of a field aligned current layer on the equator side of the polar cap boundary. Currents flow in the opposite directions in the two field aligned current layers. The current directions in these layers as observed by OGO-5 in the high-altitude magnetosphere are the same as those observed at low altitudes by the polar orbiting TRIAD satellite. The magnetic field in the region where the lower latitude field aligned current layer is situated is essentially meridional. Thus the equatorial current closure of this current system must be via the equatorial current sheet. The two field aligned current systems, one at the polar cap boundary and the other on the low latitude side of the auroral belt, are coupled through the Pedersen current in the ionosphere.
Water deficit in developing endosperm of maize: cell division and nuclear DMA endoreduplication

Water deficit severely decreases maize (Zea mays L.) kernel growth; the effect is most pronounced in apical regions of ears. The capacity for accumulation of storage material in endosperms is thought to be partially determined by the extent of cell division and endoreduplication (post-mitotic nuclear DNA synthesis). To gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, we have examined the effect of water deficit on cellular development during the post-fertilization period. Greenhouse-grown maize was subjected to water-limited treatments during rapid cell division [from 1 to 10 days after pollination (DAP)] or rapid endoreduplication (9 to 15 DAP). The number of nuclei and the nuclear DNA content were determined with flow cytometry. Water deficit from 1 to 10 DAP substantially decreased the rate of endosperm cell division in apical-region kernels, but had little effect on middle-region endosperms. Rewatering did not allow cell division to recover in apical-region endosperms. Water deficit from 9 to 15 DAP also decreased cell division in apical-region endosperms. Endoreduplication was not affected by the late treatment in either region of the ear, but was inhibited by the early treatment in the apical region. In particular, the proportion of nuclei entering higher DNA-content size classes was reduced. We conclude that cell division is highly responsive to water deficit, whereas endoreduplication is less so. We also conclude that the reduced proportion of nuclei entering higher DNA-content size classes during endoreduplication is indicative of multiple control points in the mitotic and endoreduplication cycles.
The role of sonography in thyroid cancer

Sonography plays several important roles in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer. Ultrasound (US) is used for the detection and characterization of thyroid nodules as well as a guidance modality for fine-needle aspiration biopsy of indeterminate or suspicious nodules. US is also used to help stage thyroid cancer by identifying cervical lymph nodes suspicious for metastasis so they can be biopsied prior to subsequent neck dissection. Post-thyroidectomy, routine surveillance of the neck is performed with US to identify local recurrence and/or nodal metastatic disease so that focused and limited repeat neck dissection or alcohol ablation can be accomplished.
When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846

Tables and figures Introduction Part I. The Sixteenth Century: 1. The Pueblo Indian world in the sixteenth century Part II. The Seventeenth Century: 2. The Spanish conquest of New Mexico 3. Seventeenth-century politics Part III. The Eighteenth Century: 4. The reconquest of New Mexico 5. Honor and social status 6. Honor and virtue 7. Honor and marriage 8. Marriage and the church 9. Marriage - the empirical evidence 10. The bourbon reforms on the Northern Frontier Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index.
Barriers to the use of modern contraceptives and implications for woman-controlled prevention of sexually transmitted infections in Madagascar.

Globally unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) persist as significant threats to womens reproductive health. Barriers to the use of modern contraceptives by women might inhibit uptake of novel woman-controlled methods for preventing STIs/HIV. Use of modern contraceptives and perceptions and attitudes towards contraceptive use were investigated among women in Antananarivo Madagascar using qualitative research. The hypothetical acceptability of the diaphragm - a woman-controlled barrier contraceptive device that also holds promise of protecting against STIs/HIV - was assessed. Women consecutively seeking care for vaginal discharge at a public health clinic were recruited for participation in a semi-structured interview (SSI) or focus group discussion (FGD). Audio-taped SSIs and FGDs were transcribed translated and coded for predetermined and emerging themes. Of 46 participating women 70% reported occasional use of male condoms mostly for preventing pregnancy during their fertile days. Although women could name effective contraceptive methods only 14% reported using hormonal contraception. Three barriers to use of modern contraceptives emerged: gaps in knowledge about the range of available contraceptive methods; misinformation and negative perceptions about some methods; and concern about social opposition to contraceptive use mainly from male partners. These results demonstrate the need for programmes in both family planning and STI prevention to improve womens knowledge of modern contraceptives and methods to prevent STI and to dispel misinformation and negative perceptions of methods. In addition involvement of men will probably be a critical component of increased uptake of woman-controlled pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods and improved health. (authors)
The Developing, Aging Neocortex: How Genetics and Epigenetics Influence Early Developmental Patterning and Age-Related Change

A hallmark of mammalian development is the generation of functional subdivisions within the nervous system. In humans, this regionalization creates a complex system that regulates behavior, cognition, memory, and emotion. During development, specification of neocortical tissue that leads to functional sensory and motor regions results from an interplay between cortically intrinsic, molecular processes, such as gene expression, and extrinsic processes regulated by sensory input. Cortical specification in mice occurs pre- and perinatally, when gene expression is robust and various anatomical distinctions are observed alongside an emergence of physiological function. After patterning, gene expression continues to shift and axonal connections mature into an adult form. The function of adult cortical gene expression may be to maintain neocortical subdivisions that were established during early patterning. As some changes in neocortical gene expression have been observed past early development into late adulthood, gene expression may also play a role in the altered neocortical function observed in age-related cognitive decline and brain dysfunction. This review provides a discussion of how neocortical gene expression and specific patterns of neocortical sensori-motor axonal connections develop and change throughout the lifespan of the animal. We posit that a role of neocortical gene expression in neocortex is to regulate plasticity mechanisms that impact critical periods for sensory and motor plasticity in aging. We describe results from several studies in aging brain that detail changes in gene expression that may relate to microstructural changes observed in brain anatomy. We discuss the role of altered glucocorticoid signaling in age-related cognitive and functional decline, as well as how aging in the brain may result from immune system activation. We describe how caloric restriction or reduction of oxidative stress may ameliorate effects of aging on the brain.
Dependence of Distance Distributions Derived from Double Electron–Electron Resonance Pulsed EPR Spectroscopy on Pulse‐Sequence Time

Pulsed double electron–electron resonance (DEER) provides pairwise P(r) distance distributions in doubly spin labeled proteins. We report that in protonated proteins, P(r) is dependent on the length of the second echo period T owing to local environmental effects on the spin-label phase memory relaxation time Tm. For the protein ABD, this effect results in a 1.4 A increase in the P(r) maximum from T=6 to 20 μs. Protein A has a bimodal P(r) distribution, and the relative height of the shorter distance peak at T=10 μs, the shortest value required to obtain a reliable P(r), is reduced by 40 % relative to that found by extrapolation to T=0. Our results indicate that data at a series of T values are essential for quantitative interpretation of DEER to determine the extent of the T dependence and to extrapolate the results to T=0. Complete deuteration (99 %) of the protein was accompanied by a significant increase in Tm and effectively abolished the P(r) dependence on T.
Vegetated roofs for stormwater management at multiple spatial scales

Stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces and other urban land cover is particularly detrimental to receiving water bodies in urban centers. A variety of management practices exist to combat the environmental degradation associated with the altered hydrology in urban areas. Vegetated, or green, roofs are emerging as one of these stormwater management tools in the United States. Investigations have primarily been focused on roof-scale processes such as individual roof stormwater retention, plant growth, or growing media composition. Few studies have examined the impact that widespread green roof application could have on the hydrology of a real-world watershed. Using local green roof stormwater retention data, this study modeled hydrologic effects of green roofing scenarios in an urban watershed at a variety of spatial scales. A detailed spatial analysis demonstrated areas of the watershed where green roofs would significantly reduce the total impervious area and provide additional stormwater storage. Hydrologic modeling demonstrated that widespread green roof implementation can significantly reduce peak runoff rates, particularly for small storm events. This analysis recommends the use of vegetative roofs as an abstractive stormwater best management practice in urban watersheds to replicate the interception and evapotranspiration aspects of the water cycle found in less disturbed environments.
Incorporation of Multiport Lumped Networks Into the Hybrid Time-Domain Finite-Element Analysis

A systematic and efficient algorithm is presented for incorporating multiport lumped networks in terms of admittance matrices into a hybrid field-circuit solver based on the extended time-domain finite-element method. The Laplace-domain admittance matrices are cast into the time-domain stepping equations for port voltages and currents to form a lumped-network subsystem, which is then interfaced with the finite-element and circuit subsystems through shared ports. While the port voltages of the lumped-network subsystem are determined by the finite-element and circuit subsystems, its port currents are treated as external current excitations for the finite-element and circuit subsystems. All the lumped-network port variables are then eliminated from the final expressions to form a global system for only the finite-element and circuit unknowns. The proposed algorithm further extends the capability of the existing field-circuit solver to model more complex and mixed-scale hybrid circuits, and the algorithm is validated and demonstrated through numerical examples.
A multi-disciplinary approach to high level fusion in predictive situational awareness

The change of focus in modern warfare from individual platforms to the network has caused a concomitant shift in supporting concepts and technologies. Greater emphasis is placed on interoperability and composeability. New technologies such as SOA and semantically aware systems have come into the spotlight. This paper argues that just as the problem space demands interoperability of diverse technologies, so must the solution space. In other words, not only are new approaches needed, but they must also come together as a seamlessly interoperable technological tool set. This can be accomplished only via a consistent multi-disciplinary approach. In this paper, we present some of the major requirements of today's Predictive Situation Awareness Systems (PSAW), propose our approach as a coordinated mix between state-of-the-art research efforts, and present the architecture for enabling our approach.
Thermotropic copolyesters containing the 1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene spacer

Poly[oxy(2-methyl-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl-co-oxy(2-methyl-1,4-phenylene)oxy-1,4-cyclohexanediacetoyl] (I), poly[oxy(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl-co-oxymethylene-1,4-cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl] (II), and poly[oxy(2-methyl-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl-co-oxymethylene-1,4-cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl] (III) were synthesized and shown to form birefringent fluid states in the melt.
Cold Hardiness of the Woolly Bear Caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Abstract Caterpillars of the eastern North American moth Pyrrharctia isabella (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) overwinter under plant debris where they are exposed to subfreezing temperatures. We measured supercooling points (scps), susceptibility to ice formation in body fluids at temperatures above the SCP following contact with external ice (inoculative freezing), freeze tolerance, cryoprotectant accumulation and metabolism of P. isabella caterpillars. They were collected between September 1996 and January 1997 and tested either immediately after collection (field acclimatization) or following 5 C acclimation in the laboratory. Hibernaculum temperatures were previously recorded between late November 1995 and late March 1996. In a dry laboratory environment, caterpillars had scps ranging between −5 to −10 C throughout the study. Moreover, caterpillars survived prolonged (7 days) supercooling at −5 C for 7 days and determinations of their scps, which caused brief internal freezing. We induced inoculative freezin...
Kneading Compaction Of Asphalt Beam Specimens

A method for the compaction of asphaltic concrete beam specimens by means of the California kneading compactor is explored. The variations in density and void content of asphaltic concrete beam specimens compacted by a kneading compactor are analyzed. The compaction method and results appear to depend on the type, gradation, and surface texture of aggregates, viscosity of asphalt, temperature of mixture and applied load. The California kneading compactor seems to be quite suitable for molding beam specimens for the study of moduli of elasticity and rupture, flexure and fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixtures and flexible pavement. However, the mold assembly and compaction method need further improvement. The method presented herein is not intended to be the only method of molding a beam specimen, but it is anticipated to serve as a building block toward the attainment of greatly improved asphaltic concrete beam specimens in the future.
A randomized controlled trial of cognitive debiasing improves assessment and treatment selection for pediatric bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the efficacy of a new cognitive debiasing intervention in reducing decision-making errors in the assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). METHOD The study was a randomized controlled trial using case vignette methodology. Participants were 137 mental health professionals working in different regions of the United States (M = 8.6 ± 7.5 years of experience). Participants were randomly assigned to a (a) brief overview of PBD (control condition), or (b) the same brief overview plus a cognitive debiasing intervention (treatment condition) that educated participants about common cognitive pitfalls (e.g., base-rate neglect, search satisficing) and taught corrective strategies (e.g., mnemonics, Bayesian tools). Both groups evaluated 4 identical case vignettes. Primary outcome measures were clinicians' diagnoses and treatment decisions. The vignette characters' race or ethnicity was experimentally manipulated. RESULTS Participants in the treatment group showed better overall judgment accuracy, p < .001, and committed significantly fewer decision-making errors, p < .001. Inaccurate and somewhat accurate diagnostic decisions were significantly associated with different treatment and clinical recommendations, particularly in cases where participants missed comorbid conditions, failed to detect the possibility of hypomania or mania in depressed youths, and misdiagnosed classic manic symptoms. In contrast, effects of patient race were negligible. CONCLUSIONS The cognitive debiasing intervention outperformed the control condition. Examining specific heuristics in cases of PBD may identify especially problematic mismatches between typical habits of thought and characteristics of the disorder. The debiasing intervention was brief and delivered via the Web; it has the potential to generalize and extend to other diagnoses as well as to various practice and training settings.
Copyright Protection of Computer Program Structure

Copyright plays an important role in the protection of computer software, but beyond the protection of program code, however, courts are extremely confused about the scope of copyright protection in a computer program. This judicial confusion is nicely exemplified by the Second Circuit's 1997 decision in Softel, Inc. v. Dragon Medical & Scientific Communications, Inc. Although the Second Circuit, in Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, had earlier established the most widely accepted test for separating protected from unprotected elements in computer programs, the Softel panel, however, understood neither the correct technical application of the Computer Associates test nor its implicit underlying policy basis. As a result, the case resorted to metaphysics to determine what is protected expression in a computer program and what is not. Indeed, much of the language of the Softel opinion harkens back to the approach of the Third Circuit in Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., which was expressly rejected in Computer Associates. Softel is not a step forward but a retrogression. This Comment discusses the facts of Softel, articulates a test for separating protected expression from protected idea in a computer program, and applies that test to program structure, sequence, and organization, and then returns to the Softel decision to illustrate how and where the Second Circuit panel in that case lost its bearings and to speculate briefly on the implications of the Softel decision for the future. It argues that copyright should protect computer program code from verbatim copying or slavish mechanical or electronic translations. Other program elements, such as structure, sequence, and organization and elements of software interfaces, should not be protected by the copyright in the program code, that is, by the computer program copyright.
Portal vein interruption leading to rat enterogenic infection and protection of microbial ferment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of portal vein interruption on enteral barrier and the protection of microbial ferment.METHODS Wistar rats were divided into three groups: the control group(C),the interruption group(I) and the treatment group(T).Serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase(DAO),culture of tissues [including mensenteric lymph nodes(MLN),liver,spleen and lungs],ileum bacteria and blood bacteria DNA were detected on the 0,3rd,5th,7th day after the portal vein interruption.RESULTS Compared to the control group,D-lactate of the interruption group increased significantly on the 0,3rd,5th and 7th day(C0 0.31±0.03 vs I0 1.31±0.03,P0.01;C3 0.32±0.03 vs I3 1.50±0.14,P0.01;C5 0.32±0.02 vs I5 1.48±0.10,P0.01;C7 0.31±0.02 vs I7 1.08±0.43,P0.05),either did DAO(C0 0.60±0.13 vs I0 1.57±0.82,P0.01;C3 0.61±0.03 vs I3 1.41±0.20,P0.01;C5 0.60±0.02 vs I5 1.63±0.21,P0.01;C7 0.59±0.13 vs I7 1.04±0.21,P0.01).The positive rates of tissues bacteria culture increased significantly on the 0 and 3rd day(respectively 65.00% vs 0,and 50.00% vs 0).Blood bacteria DNA expressed on the 0 and 3rd day.G-bacteria DNA even expressed on the 3rd day.Compared to the interruption group,D-lactate of the treatment group decreased significantly on the 5th and 7th day,either did DAO.The positive rates of tissues bacteria culture decreased significantly on the 3rd and 5th day.CONCLUSION Portal vein interruption can lead to enteral barrier damage,enteral bacteria translocation and enterogenic infection.Microbial ferment has protective effect on enteral barrier and can reduce the enterogenic
An In Vivo Study of Self-Regulated Study Sequencing in Introductory Psychology Courses

Study sequence can have a profound influence on learning. In this study we investigated how students decide to sequence their study in a naturalistic context and whether their choices result in improved learning. In the study reported here, 2061 undergraduate students enrolled in an Introductory Psychology course completed an online homework tutorial on measures of central tendency, a topic relevant to an exam that counted towards their grades. One group of students was enabled to choose their own study sequence during the tutorial (Self-Regulated group), while the other group of students studied the same materials in sequences chosen by other students (Yoked group). Students who chose their sequence of study showed a clear tendency to block their study by concept, and this tendency was positively associated with subsequent exam performance. In the Yoked group, study sequence had no effect on exam performance. These results suggest that despite findings that blocked study is maladaptive when assigned by an experimenter, it may actually be adaptive when chosen by the learner in a naturalistic context.
Simulation of an Austenite-Twinned-Martensite Interface

Developing numerical methods for predicting microstructure in materials is a large and important research area. Two examples of material microstructures are Austenite and Martensite. Austenite is a microscopic phase with simple crystallographic structure while Martensite is one with a more complex structure. One important task in materials science is the development of numerical procedures which accurately predict microstructures in Martensite. In this paper we present a method for simulating material microstructure close to an Austenite-Martensite interface. The method combines a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm and a nonconforming finite element scheme that successfully minimizes an approximation to the total stored energy near the interface of interest. Preliminary results suggest that the minimizers of this energy functional located by the developed numerical algorithm appear to display the desired characteristics.
CRT-400.30 Hemodynamic Assessment of Paradoxical Low Flow, Low Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis

Current guidelines discourage aortic stenosis (AS) evaluation by direct pressure measurement if echocardiography (echo) is adequate. However several studies show sizable differences between echo and catheterization (cath) lab measurements. Low flow/ low gradient (LF/LG) severe aortic stenosis (AS)
Bemesia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Host Preference and Factors Affecting Oviposition and Feeding Site Preference

Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring preferred cantaloupe, Cucumis melo var. contalupensis L. , to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. , broccoli, Brassica oleracea Var. botrytis L. , and lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata L. , in 1992 and 1993 in field and greenhouse studies. In the absence of cantaloupe, B. argentifolii preferred cotton to broccoli and lettuce, respectively. More eggs and fewer nymphs were found on broccoli than on cotton in the field. Differences in relative abundance of vascular bundles per unit of leaf area among the four plant species may partly account for differences in oviposition site selection. Vascular bundle volume per unit of leaf tissue volume was 50% greater in cantaloupe than in cotton and broccoli, which in turn had significantly greater volumes than lettuce. Field studies showed that most B. argentifolii on cotton and cantaloupe leaves were found on lower leaf surfaces. Distances from upper and lower leaf surfaces to the nearest vascular bundles in cotton leaves were 131and 60 µm, respectively. This distribution favors oviposition and feeding on the lower surface of a leaf. Leaf structure, positive effect of gravity,and negative effect of light affected oviposition site preferences in laboratory studies.
Twined Water Bottles of the Cuyama Area, Southern California*

Although the basketry of many parts of California is known ethnographically and a few archaeological descriptions are appearing, the textiles of the Santa Barbara region remain relatively unknown. The ethnographic information available on the historic occupants, the Chumash, has been limited by the early missionization and subsequent disintegration of native culture, and most archaeological reports of basketry from this area have been sketchy. It is hoped that the following discussion of twined water bottles from archaeological sites in northern Santa Barbara County will supply some needed information and indicate the relation of these water bottles to twined ones of the Great Basin and Southwest. A few of the specimens described herein have been pictured by Kroeber (1925: 561, PL 53) with a mention of some weaves employed in their manufacture. With one possible exception, all of the specimens are from the Sierra Madre Mountains of northern Santa Barbara County. This range, stretching in a general northwest-southeast direction, is bounded on the north by the arid Cuyama Valley and on the south by the precipitous Sisquoc Canyon.
Relationship between the Cohesive Strength and the Tack of Elastomers: Part II, Contact Time Effects

Abstract The self-tack (also called autohesion or simply tack) of an elastomer is its ability to resist separation from another piece of the same elastomer compound with which it has been brought into contact for a short time under a light pressure. Briefly, the events that take place in the interfacial region to form the tack bond are: 1) the attainment of intimate molecular contact of the polymeric chains from each surface; this requires viscous flow of the material near the surfaces and displacement of any impurity that may prevent contact, and, 2) interdiffusion of chains across the (temporary) interface; shorter chains will diffuse more rapidly. If the two contacted elastomeric layers are uncrosslinked, then the interface between them will eventually disappear and the strength of the junction (tack bond) will become identical to the cohesive strength of the material. This process has been referred to as “healing”. It is instructive to define relative tack as the measured value of tack (given, e.g., b...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced pulmonary vasodilation: role of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not tertbutyl hydroperoxide, produces a concentration-dependent vasodilation of the pulmonary circulation in isolated saline perfused rabbit lungs when pulmonary arter...
Acute interstitial nephritis. Why do the kidneys suddenly fail

Acute interstitial nephritis is a clinical and pathologic entity with diverse causes. The most common cause at present is reaction to drug use, but infection, a concomitant uveitis syndrome, and other rare causes have been reported. Acute interstitial nephritis should always be considered in a patient with acute renal failure, because it is a treatable cause that may result in interstitial fibrosis and irreversible disease if not arrested.
Planning the Next Decade of Coordinated Research to Better Understand and Simulate Marine Low Clouds

Seventeen experts from communities focused on improving understanding and 6 modeling of processes controlling marine low clouds met to discuss future research 7 directions.
University–industry–government cooperation: research horizons

This paper identifies three current streams of research on RD (2) studies of selected dimensions; and (3) studies of selected cases. We propose a comprehensive research agenda which includes the development of theories of cooperative R&D, and empirical studies of the impacts of such cooperation on the business performance and economic competitiveness of industrial companies. Methodological problems are discussed and some solutions are offered. The paper contains a bibliography of studies in the field of university–industry government cooperation.
Roux-en-Y intussusception after pediatric liver transplant – A case report

Small bowel obstruction in a pediatric patient following liver transplant often results from adhesions, hernias, or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Here, we present an unusual and previously unreported entity - Roux-en-Y intussusception in an eight-yr-old female several years after liver transplantation. Although a rare complication, Roux-en-Y intussusception should be considered as a potential etiology in the patient presenting with bowel obstruction, with specific attention to acute presentation accompanying jaundice.
Robotics-Enabled Stress Line Additive Manufacturing

This paper presents a new robotic additive manufacturing (AM) framework for fabricating 2.5D surface designs to add material explicitly along principal stress trajectories. AM technologies, such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), are typically based on processes that lead to anisotropic products with strength behaviour that varies according to filament orientation; this limits their application in both design prototypes and end-use parts and products. Since stress lines are curves that indicate the optimal paths of material continuity for a given design boundary, the proposed stress-line based oriented material deposition opens new possibilities for structurally-performative and geometrically-complex AM, which is supported here by fabrication and structural load testing results. Called stress line additive manufacturing (SLAM), the proposed method achieves an integrated workflow that synthesizes parametric design, structural optimization, robotic computation, and fabrication.
Dystrophin in Fetal Muscle

Dystrophin, the product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, was studied in human fetal skeletal muscle from 9 to 26 weeks of gestation at the Jerry Lewis Muscle Research Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London.
Levels of Imagery and Visual Expression

Images are defined as “transient, perceptlike representations that exist in short term memory” (Kosslyn, 1988, p. 319). Visual expression is imagelike representation created in an external medium with its own qualities influencing these representations. Both imagery and visual expression are multileveled and constructed over a period of time, although means of construction differ and so does time required.
Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Shellfish, Sediment and Waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast.

In a study conducted throughout U.S. Gulf Coastal waters, Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was isolated more frequently from water samples than from shellfish or sediment samples. Frequency of V. cholerae recovery was directly related to water temperature and inversely related to salinity. The presence of V. cholerae was not adequately indicated by the fecal coliform standards for shellfish-growing waters and market shellfish as established by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Although all cultures tested by the Y-1 mouse adrenal cell assay or by radioimmunoassay for production of a cholera toxin-like toxin were negative, 4 of 13 isolates caused diarrhea in the infant rabbit.
Towards a Molecular and Cellular Understanding of Remote Memory

While the molecular, cellular and systems mechanisms required for the initial processing of memory have been intensively investigated by the new field of molecular and cellular cognition, those underlying permanent storage remain elusive. Here, we review neuroanatomical, pharmacological and genetic results demonstrating that specific areas of the cortex play a critical role in the storage of remote memory. Imaging experiments in rodents show that specific areas of the cortex are activated by remote memory and that this activation is impaired by manipulations that block remote memory. Accordingly, reversible inactivation of specific cortical structures in rodents disrupts remote memory without affecting recent memory. These results open a new, exciting window into memory studies and suggest a number of interesting experiments that will address molecular, cellular, systems and cognitive aspects of this poorly understood phase of memory.
Incorporation of GPR and FWD into pavement Mechanistic-Empirical design

Abstract A Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) design based pavement quality or performance prediction methodology incorporating nondestructive test such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests is demonstrated in this study. To facilitate, three pavement sites, namely, US285, US54, and I-40 in New Mexico are selected for nondestructive tests such as GPR and FWD. It is observed that the GPR predicted AC layer thickness is more consistent than base layer thickness. The FWD test was also conducted on the same locations, and like GPR, backcalculated layer moduli also shows varying level of inconsistency in different pavement sections. Based on the GPR and FWD tests, each of these three sites is divided into two major areas: one with the mean and the other with the minimum layer thicknesses and modulus. Layer thicknesses as well as moduli are incorporated to the AASHTOWare-ME software to determine load related distresses such as bottom-up crack and rut. Based on the amount of bottom-up cracks, the US54 pavement section is predicted to fail during 15th year of its service life, and the time of failure can be very early in the area with minimum layer thickness and modulus. Based on the rut prediction, pavement sections in US54 and I-40 is predicted to fail early. Finally, this methodology is recommended to implement to perform pavement quality assessment incorporating GPR and FWD tests in both project and network levels.
PTH [1-34]-induced alterations predispose the mandibular condylar cartilage to mineralization

Objective To study the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH [1-34]) on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone in adult female mice. Materials and methods Twenty-two, 20-week-old female mice were used for in vivo experiments. The experimental mice (n=11) received daily intraperitoneal injections of PTH [1-34] for 3 weeks, while control mice (n=11) received intraperitoneal injections of 0.9% saline solution. Mice were euthanized and then micro-computed tomography (micro-CT); histology and immunostaining were carried out to assess the response. Results Intermittent PTH [1-34] led to early MCC breakdown and surface irregularities. Micro-CT analyses indicated that PTH [1-34] treatment led to increased bone volume fraction, tissue density and trabecular thickness, while decreasing the trabecular spacing. Histological analyses showed decreased proteoglycan secretion, increased bone turnover (TRAP staining) and increased mineralization. Furthermore, PTH [1-34] treatment showed increased apoptosis of the cells. Our immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of pSMAD158 in the MCC and subchondral bone with PTH administration, whereas sclerostin (SOST) expression was decreased. Conclusions Intermittent PTH [1-34] results in early mineralization of the MCC, which may result in cartilage degeneration. Our results identified a novel mechanism by which PTH [1-34] induces alteration in the microarchitecture of the MCC and the subchondral bone.
Intentional Design of Student Organizations to Optimize Leadership Development

This chapter addresses how a group's organizational structure can promote or hinder the leadership capacity of its members. The information in this chapter provides insight into structuring student organizations in a way to maximize all members' leadership development.
Using Popular Film to Teach Multicultural Counseling: A Constructivist Approach

The use of popular film as an experiential teaching tool in multicultural counselor education has been well documented. However, existing research has been limited. The purpose of this study is to ...
Late Systolic Myocardial Loading Is Associated With Left Atrial Dysfunction in Hypertension.

Background—Late systolic load has been shown to cause diastolic dysfunction in animal models. Although the systolic loading sequence of the ventricular myocardium likely affects its coupling with t...
Minerva: Automated hardware optimization tool

A common way of determining the maximum clock frequency of a digital system is static timing analysis provided by CAD toolsets, such as Xilinx Vivado, Xilinx ISE, and Intel Quartus Prime. Finding the actual maximum clock frequency is difficult, especially in Xilinx Vivado, due to the multitude of tool options, and a complex dependence between the requested clock frequency and the actual clock frequency achieved by the tool. For example, a binary search to find maximum frequency is tedious, time-consuming, and often does not obtain the correct result. In this research, we introduce an automated hardware optimization tool called Minerva. Minerva determines the close-to-optimal settings of tools, using static timing analysis and a heuristic algorithm developed by the authors, and targets either optimal throughput or throughput-to-area (TPA) ratio. We apply Minerva to the hardware benchmarking of authenticated cipher candidates competing in the CAESAR cryptographic contest, where best TPA ratio (without any specific target for maximum clock frequency) is one metric by which winners are selected. We evaluate RTL designs of 29 Round 2 CAESAR candidates and the current standard, AES-GCM, in terms of throughput and TPA ratio. Compared to a binary search for maximum frequency, our results demonstrate up to 25% improvement in terms of throughput, and up to 38% improvement in terms of TPA ratio.
Gender identity and sex assignment: a reappraisal for the 21st century.

Identity is the core of human existence. This existential reality manifests itself in the human as a species-specific evolutionary focal point. It appears that no other earthly species abstractly contemplates its very nature. This is as important for a discussion of identity in general as it is for the concept of gender identity.
Does an uneven sample size distribution across settings matter in cross-classified multilevel modeling? Results of a simulation study.

Abstract Background Recent advances in multilevel modeling allow for modeling non-hierarchical levels (e.g., youth in non-nested schools and neighborhoods) using cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM). Current practice is to cluster samples from one context (e.g., schools) and utilize the observations however they are distributed from the second context (e.g., neighborhoods). However, it is unknown whether an uneven distribution of sample size across these contexts leads to incorrect estimates of random effects in CCMMs. Methods Using the school and neighborhood data structure in Add Health, we examined the effect of neighborhood sample size imbalance on the estimation of variance parameters in models predicting BMI. We differentially assigned students from a given school to neighborhoods within that school's catchment area using three scenarios of (im)balance. 1000 random datasets were simulated for each of five combinations of school- and neighborhood-level variance and imbalance scenarios, for a total of 15,000 simulated data sets. For each simulation, we calculated 95% CIs for the variance parameters to determine whether the true simulated variance fell within the interval. Results Across all simulations, the “true” school and neighborhood variance parameters were estimated 93–96% of the time. Only 5% of models failed to capture neighborhood variance; 6% failed to capture school variance. Conclusions These results suggest that there is no systematic bias in the ability of CCMM to capture the true variance parameters regardless of the distribution of students across neighborhoods. Ongoing efforts to use CCMM are warranted and can proceed without concern for the sample imbalance across contexts.
THz characterization and demonstration of visible-transparent/terahertz-functional electromagnetic structures in ultra-conductive La-doped BaSnO3 Films.

We report on terahertz characterization of La-doped BaSnO3 (BSO) thin-films. BSO is a transparent complex oxide material, which has attracted substantial interest due to its large electrical conductivity and wide bandgap. The complex refractive index of these films is extracted in the 0.3 to 1.5 THz frequency range, which shows a metal-like response across this broad frequency window. The large optical conductivity found in these films at terahertz wavelengths makes this material an interesting platform for developing electromagnetic structures having a strong response at terahertz wavelengths, i.e. terahertz-functional, while being transparent at visible and near-IR wavelengths. As an example of such application, we demonstrate a visible-transparent terahertz polarizer.
Incorporating multi-region crack growth into mechanical reliability predictions for optical fibres

Most mechanical reliability models for optical fibre assume the same crack growth parameters (n and B) for both proof testing and in-service life. However, this assumption leads to inconsistencies in our understanding of how the fibre behaves in the laboratory and in the field. In 1983 Ritter et al. suggested that proof-testing and in-service crack growth parameters differ according to their respective environments. Recent high-speed strength tests of abraded optical fibres indicate that crack-growth parameters change as a function of time under the same environmental conditions. It was suggested that at high processing speeds, the presence of crack growth in Region II of the K-V relationship should be entertained. In this work, the impact of Region II crack growth during proof testing was explored and the effect on mechanical reliability predictions evaluated.
Adjusting for Nonresponse in Surveys

It is safe to say that surveys have become one of the dominant methods of data collection in higher education research. Dey and his colleagues, for example, identified almost 200 articles, conference papers, and published reports that were based on data from national surveys (Dey et al., 1997). My own informal review of research published in the Journal of College Student Development, Journal of Higher Education, Research in Higher Education, and Review of Higher Education during 2005 revealed that more than 60% of the articles made use of survey data. Surveys are also an important element in college and university assessment efforts. The National Center for Postsecondary Improvement reported that three-quarters of the 1400 institutions responding to its study used surveys in their assessment programs (Peterson, Einarson, Augustine, & Vaughan, 1999). In most survey research, costs necessitate interviewing or sending questionnaires to a sample of individuals, analyzing the results, and then making inferences about the population of interest based on the responses of those sampled. As a result, obtaining a sufficient number of responses is critical to ensuring the accuracy and appropriateness of the generalizations being made. Unfortunately, response rates have been declining in surveys of the general populace and surveys of faculty and students (de Leeuw & de Heer, 2002; Jones, 1996; Porter & Whitcomb, 2005). Dey (1997), for example, reported that response rates on surveys conducted as part of the Cooperative Institutional