cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LOWER- UPPER BOUNDS OF TEMPERATURES FOR WIRES EXPLODED IN A VACUUM

Preliminary results of attempts to establish lower-upper bounds on exploding wire temperatures have been completed. The numerical code used allows for hydrodynamic motion, radiation, ionization, and a time-dependent energy dump. Maximum blackbody temperatures for wires exploded in vacuum were found to be limited by the hydrodynamics, radiation, and ionization. The results will be discussed.
Argon laser treatment of bleeding canine gastric ulcers: Limitations and guidelines for endoscopic use

Abstract We systematically evaluated an endoscopically deliverable argon laser with coaxial CO 2 . The purposes were to determine limitations and guidelines for effective and safe use. In a series of studies, important variables (power, treatment distance, spot size, power density, and/or coaxial CO 2 pressure) for treatment of experimental bleeding gastric ulcers in dogs were controlled, and their influence upon treatment efficacy and histologic damage were quantitated. Separate studies via laparotomy and endoscopy were done. Our conclusions were: 1.1. Much greater power was required to efficiently treat bleeding lesions via the endoscope than at laparotomy. 2.2. The ideal effective treatment range was 1.0–2.0 cm with an argon delivery system of this design. Long treatment distance was restricted by the necessity to maintain adequate CO 2 pressure at the target. Short treatment distance and high-power density were dangerous because of an erosive effect producing arterial bleeding, deep tissue injury, and actual vaporization of the gastric wall. 3.3. Argon laser treatment in the presence of gastric overdistension increased histologic damage compared with normal gastric distension. 4.4. High total treatment energy and low animal weights were major determinants of deep tissue damage with the argon laser in the ideal treatment range. 5.5. Using the treatment guidelines of 1–2 cm treatment distance, adequate CO 2 at the target, high-power range, and normal gastric distension, argon laser was effective and relatively safe both endoscopically and at laparotomy.
Defining individual size in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

It is challenging to apply the tenets of individuality to filamentous fungi: a fungal mycelium can contain millions of genetically diverse but totipotent nuclei, each capable of founding new mycelia. Moreover, a single mycelium can potentially stretch over kilometres, and it is unlikely that its distant parts share resources or have the same fitness. Here, we directly measure how a single mycelium of the model ascomycete Neurospora crassa is patterned into reproductive units (RUs), meaning subpopulations of nuclei that propagate together as spores, and function as reproductive individuals. The density of RUs is sensitive to the geometry of growth; we detected 50-fold smaller RUs when mycelia had expanding frontiers than when they were constrained to grow in one direction only. RUs fragmented further when the mycelial network was perturbed. In mycelia with expanding frontiers, RU composition was strongly influenced by the distribution of genotypes early in development. Our results provide a concept of fungal individuality that is directly connected to reproductive potential, and therefore to theories of how fungal individuals adapt and evolve over time. Our data show that the size of reproductive individuals is a dynamic and environment-dependent property, even within apparently totally connected fungal mycelia.
On the Parity of Certain Coefficients for a $q$-Analogue of the Catalan Numbers

The 2-adic valuation (highest power of 2) dividing the well-known Catalan numbers, $C_n$, has been completely determined by Alter and Kubota and further studied combinatorially by Deutsch and Sagan. In particular, it is well known that $C_n$ is odd if and only if $n = 2^k-1$ for some $k \geq 0$. The polynomial $F_n^{ch}(321;q) = \sum_{\sigma \in Av_n(321)} q^{ch(\sigma)}$, where $Av_n(321)$ is the set of permutations in $S_n$ that avoid 321 and $ch$ is the charge statistic, is a $q$-analogue of the Catalan numbers since specializing $q=1$ gives $C_n$. We prove that the coefficient of $q^i$ in $F_{2^k-1}^{ch}(321;q)$ is even if $i \geq 1$, giving a refinement of the "if" direction of the $C_n$ parity result. Furthermore, we use a bijection between the charge statistic and the major index to prove a conjecture of Dokos, Dwyer, Johnson, Sagan and Selsor regarding powers of 2 and the major index. In addition, Sagan and Savage have recently defined a notion of $st$-Wilf equivalence for any permutation statistic $st$ and any two sets of permutations $\Pi$ and $\Pi'$. We say $\Pi$ and $\Pi'$ are $st$-Wilf equivalent if $\sum_{\sigma \in Av_n(\Pi)} q^{st(\sigma)} = \sum_{\sigma \in Av_n(\Pi')} q^{st(\sigma)}$. In this paper we show how one can characterize the charge-Wilf equivalence classes for subsets of $S_3$.
Editorial comment: An unusual cause of peroneal neuropathy.

This article by Dr. Ananth and colleagues reports a patient being evaluated for symptoms consistent with a peripheral neuropathy. In addition, the patient developed an arteriovenous fistula. Genomic testing subsequently identified a COL31A mutation, which is known to be associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) of the vascular type. This case highlights several important features of the “new genomics” and its application in clinical medicine. Clearly the advent of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a clinically available test has already had a dramatic impact on clinical medicine. Nowhere is this more evident than in child neurology. WES is a powerful tool and has greatly improved the diagnostic yield for many previously undiagnosable conditions. The data are emerging, and it is still a little too early to make firm predictions. However, fairly consistent yields are being noted by most persons ordering these tests. When WES is performed in the setting of a patient who underwent a thorough evaluation using conventional testing methods and protocols, that is, the “diagnostic dilemmas,” the yield appears to be about 25%30%. This is notable from the following 2 aspects: (1) It is indeed exciting and rewarding for clinicians to get answers for families that have waited a long time for a diagnosis. (2) Still, 30% seems like less than was expected. Surely if all of a person's genes can be sequenced, the answers to most unknown diagnoses would be found. The fact that this is not the case highlights the fact that there are still many more etiologies out there that are not “simple mutations.” The answers yet to be discovered are going to involve more complex genetic mechanisms, such as epigenetics, metabolomics pathways, multiply interacting genes, and gene-
The Electrochemical Evaluation of the Metal–Carbon Bond Energies (−ΔGBF) of Alkylated Iron and Cobalt Porphyrins [(por)M–R]

The electron-transfer oxidation-reduction chemistry for the alkyl derivatives of iron and cobalt porphyrins [(por)MIII−R] has been characterized on the basis of cyclic voltammetric and controlled-potential-electrolysis measurements. The electrogenerated anions of iron and cobalt porphyrins [(por)M− and (por−·)M−] are strong nucleophiles that react with alkyl halides (RX) via a nucleophilic displacement process to form metal-carbon bonds [(por)M-R and (por−·)M-R]. The difference in the reduction potentials for RX and (por)MII provides an approximate measure of the (por)M-R bond-formation free energy (−ΔGBF). The −ΔGBF values for iron porphyrins (14–35 kcal mol−1) and for cobalt porphyrins (20-38 kcal mol−1) depend on the electron density of the porphyrin ring (OEP > TPP > Cl8TPP > F20TPP) and the structure of the alkyl group (1° > 2° > 3°). Thus, the apparent metal-carbon bond energy (−ΔGBF) for (OEP)FeIII-Bu-n is 28 ± 2 kcal mol−1, and for [(MeO)4TPP]CoIII-Bu-n is 36 ± 2 kcalmol−1. The (por−·)M− dianions react with carbon dioxide in an electrocatalysed reduction cycle to give CO and CO32− via the apparent transient formation of a metal-carbon bond [(por−·)M-C(O)O−; −Δ GBF ≥ 12 kcalmol−1 for iron porphyrins].
Fast directional algorithms for the Helmholtz kernel

This paper presents a new directional multilevel algorithm for solving N-body or N-point problems with highly oscillatory kernels. We address the problem by first proving that the interaction between a ball of radius r and a well-separated region has an approximate low rank representation, as long as the well-separated region belongs to a cone with a spanning angle of O(1/r) and is at a distance which is at least O(r^2) away from the ball. Based on this representation, our algorithm organizes the high frequency computation using a multidirectional and multiscale strategy. Our algorithm is proved to have an optimal O(NlogN) computational complexity for any given accuracy when the points are sampled from a two-dimensional surface.
Pathogenesis of Paroxysmal Hypertension Developing During and After Coronary Bypass Surgery: A Study of Hemodynamic and Humoral Factors

A prospective study of hypertension first appearing during and after saphenous vein bypass coronary surgery was performed in 28 patients to examine the incidence, hemodynamics and mechanism of this problem. In 15 patients (54 percent) new hypertension developed (mean arterial pressure greater than 107 mm Hg), characterized by increased peripheral vascular resistance and unchanged cardiac output within 1 hour after surgery. These 15 patients had a longer history of angina of greater severity, but also had relatively well preserved ventricular myocardium. Because plasma renin activity was depressed in patients in the hypertensive group, activation of the renin-angiotensin system was not important in the pathogenesis of this postoperative hypertension. The expected decrease in total peripheral resistance at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass was observed in all patients, but later during bypass the peripheral resistance increased in all patients in association with a rise in plasma epinephrine levels. Patients who had hypertension postoperatively had a greater increase in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass than did those with normal postoperative blood pressure. An elevation in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration, suggesting enhanced sympathoadrenal responsiveness to the challenge of cardiopulmonary bypass, was characteristic of the hypertensive group. This evidence of enhanced sympathetic activity during surgery may be a useful predictor of the development of postoperative hypertension.
ISOLATION OF N-METHYL-2-PYRIDONE-5-CARBOXAMIDE FROM HEMODIALYSIS FLUID OBTAINED FROM UREMIC PATIENTS.

N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY amide) from the hemodialysis fluids of five uremic patients has been isolated, purified, identified and quantified. Ultra-violet and infra-red spectra are presented. The failure of uremic patients to excrete the end products of nicotinic acid derivatives leads to the accumulation of 2-PY amide in uremic blood. This small molecule is freely diffusible and is, therefore, found in hemodialysates when the patients are placed on the artificial kidney for dialysis therapy. It is one of the many compounds which circulate in increased amounts in the body fluids of uremic patients, some of which may contribute to the signs and symptoms of uremia.
Association of patient recognition of inpatient physicians with knowledge and satisfaction.

: Patient recognition of hospital providers is low and may affect patient knowledge and satisfaction with care. Our study aimed to determine the association between patient knowledge of their inpatient providers' face, name, or role with knowledge of their diagnosis, satisfaction with care, and 30-day readmission rate. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of inpatients discharged from medicine housestaff teams from 2008 to 2009. Patients identified providers by face, name, and role and stated their reason for hospitalization. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey assessed patient satisfaction with care. Eighty-nine of 95 patients (94%) participated. Seventy-five percent of patients recognized one provider face, 28% knew at least one provider name, and 21% correctly stated provider roles. Fifty-seven percent of patients knew their diagnosis. Satisfaction with care via HCAHPS varied: 78% always felt treated with courtesy and respect; 75% felt doctors always listened; and 67% felt complete involvement in care decisions. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, knowledge of providers by face, name, or role was not associated with knowledge of diagnosis, satisfaction, or 30-day readmission rates (all p>.05). Thus, patient recognition of providers was not associated with their knowledge, satisfaction, or readmission.
Extraction of Pa(V) by a sterically hindered phosphinic acid from an aqueous chloride phase

Abstract The extraction behavior of Pa(V) in the liquid-liquid extraction system di-tertiary-butyl phosphinic acid, H[DtBP], in benzene versus aqueous chloride phases of various concentrations has been studied. The K for the extraction of Pa(V) into H[DtBP] from aqueous chloride phases may be expressed mathematically as: 4 F (HCl + NaCl): K = KsF2/[H+] 1 F (HCl + NaCl): K = KsF2/[H+], high acid K = KsF2/[H+]2, low acid where Ks is a constant characteristic of the system. A comparative study of the extraction behavior of Pa(V) into H[DtBP] and (n-C8H17O)2PO(OH), HDOP, from 1 F HCl, using several sets of conditions, revealed a striking difference in Pa(V) extraction behavior in the two systems. The variation of K of Pa(V) extraction into H[DtBP] by a factor of only 6·1 per cent was within the limits of experimental error, whereas, the K varied by a factor of 22 in the HDOP system. The method reported in the literature for the preparation of H[DtBP] was modified to give a greatly improved yield; and a liquid-liquid partition purification procedure was devised and utilized to produce an ultimate product of the required purity.
Role of nucleation in the structure evolution of a magnetorheological fluid

A phenomenological model of nucleation-controlled structure evolution in dilute magnetorheological fluid is suggested. We find that the critical size of column nuclei is related to the magnetic field H, the increase of permeability \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu} of the nuclei, and to the nucleus surface tension \ensuremath{\sigma}, by the relation ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}16\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\sigma}/(${\mathit{H}}^{2}$-${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}}^{2}$)\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}. The growth rate of columnar structure, and the field and volume fraction dependences of the separation between the columns are calculated, and are found to be given, respectively, by d\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{2/7}$, d\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{H}}^{3/14}$, and d\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{1/7}$. These results fit the experimental data in ferrofluid emulsion systems very well. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Chloroquine interaction with ferric uroporphyrin in solution

Abstract It is estimated that, in 1979, 80% of the world's population was at risk to Plasmodium infection (malaria), primarily in the developing nations [1]. Chemotherapeutic agents useful in treatment include the quinine based drugs and the quinoline derivatives such as chloroquine [2, 3], although their molecular basis of action is not presently well understood. In patients undergoing malaria chemotherapy the drug is found in association with hemozoin pigments in the erythrocyte. Hemozoin is an aggregate of precipitated heme and denatured hemoglobin and this finding has stimulated our interest in the possibility that the antimalarial efficacy originated from association with heme complexes. Fitch et al. [4] have, in fact, suggested that erythrocyte localized protohemin IX is the putative receptor of chloroquine. In this report we present some of our initial results concerning the interaction of chloroquine with iron porphyrins in solution. Urohemin was chosen due to its high solubility in aqueous solutions and because recent raman and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) work has allowed us to thoroughly characterize its solution dynamics [5]. Experimental Urohemin was purchased from Porphyrin Products, Logan, Utah and was further purified by column chromatography. Chloroquine (Sigma) was used without further purification. Titrations of urohemin with the drug were carried out at pH 6 (unbuffered) employing a Cary 219 ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. pH was monitored throughout the experiment. Results and Discussion The data of Figs. 1 and 2 reveal that chloroquine does indeed associate with urohemin in solution. Changes in the optical spectrum (Fig. 1) occur, which may be used in an attempt to quantitate equilibrium behavior (Fig.2). The result of adding chloroquine to a solution of urohemin monomer (Fig. 1) is a spectrum in which the Soret intensity is lost, characteristic of the dimer (and higher order aggregates). However, unlike the dimer spectrum chloroquine binding induces a shift in the Soret maximum to longer wavelengths. Attempts to characterize the chloroquine–urohemin association by standard uv-visible methods [6] revealed that this system cannot be characterized by a single equilibrium process. This is shown by the deviation from linearity of the data in Fig. 2 [6, 7]. This data is the result of successive additions of chloroquine to a solution of monomer urohemin. This process produced standard appearing difference absorption spectra with two isosbestic points between 350 and 500 nm. The fact that linearity in Fig. 2 is not observed suggests that multiple equilibria are present in this system. Further work on malaria drug interactions with free hemins and heme proteins is in progress in our laboratories.
A temperature-sensitive auxotropic variant of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract We used a conventional procedure involving treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and visible light to isolate a stable, temperature-sensitive, auxotrophic variant-TsNd-6-from its parental Chinese hamster ovary cell clone K 1 . At the nonpermissive temperature of 39.5 °C, TsNd-6 requires thymidine, hypoxanthine, and glycine for growth. Folinic acid can substitute for hypoxanthine and glycine at the elevated temperature.
Some New Mathematical Tools in Cryptology

In this paper some new mathematical technique used in the design and analysis of cipher systems have been reviewed. Firstly, some modern cryptosystems like stream ciphers, permutation-based systems and public key encryption systems are described and the mathematical tools used in their design have been outlined. Special emphasis has been laid on the problems related to application of computational complexity to cryptosystems. Recent work on the design of the systems based on a combined encryption and coding for error correction has also been reviewed. Some recent system-oriented techniques of cryptanalysis have been discussed. It has been brought out that with the increase in the complexity of the cryptosystems it is necessary to apply some statistical and classification techniques for the purpose of identifying a cryptosystem as also for classification of the total key set into smaller classes. Finally, some very recent work on the application of artificial intelligence technique in cryptography and cryptanalysis has been mentioned.
Subcutaneous implantable venous access device erosion through the skin in patients treated with anti-vascula endothelial growth factor therapy: a case series

Subcutaneous implantable venous access devices (IVADs) are commonly used in oncology practice. They facilitate the administration of chemotherapy, fluids and blood products. The incidence of IVAD-related complications is not uncommon, and includes infection, thrombosis and bleeding. IVAD erosion through the skin has been reported secondary to infection or inexperienced handling. We report three cases of IVAD erosion through the skin in patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are increasingly used in the treatment of solid tumors. This class of drugs has been associated with delayed wound healing and thromboembolism. To our knowledge, this is the first case series of IVAD erosion through skin, in patients receiving such therapy.
Current-based online bearing fault diagnosis for direct-drive wind turbines via spectrum analysis and impulse detection

Online fault diagnosis is an effective means to improve wind turbine reliability and performance and reduce wind turbine operating and maintenance costs. Current-based fault diagnosis techniques have received more and more attention in academia and industry due to their nonintrusive character and economic advantages. This paper presents an algorithm based on power spectral density (PSD) analysis for bearing fault signature extraction of direct-drive wind turbines by only using stator current measurements. An impulse detection method is then applied to screen out the excitations in the PSD spectrum, where the excitations at the characteristic frequencies of the bearing fault are extracted as the fault signature. A median filter-based method is then designed to evaluate the physical condition of the wind turbine based on the extracted fault signature to determine whether maintenance is required. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for bearing faults diagnosis of a direct-drive wind turbine operating at variable-speed conditions.
Partially polarized fiber-optic gyro

We present a new design for an all-fiber-optic gyroscope that makes use of a single-mode coil containing a Lyot depolarizer along with a partial depolarizer placed between the polarizer and the loop coupler. This design provides an optimal trade-off between the suppression of polarization errors and the reduction of drift errors arising from external magnetic f ields and changes in temperature.
On embedding a microarchitectural design language within Haskell

Based on our experience with modelling and verifying microarchitectural designs within Haskell, this paper examines our use of Haskell as host for an embedded language. In particular, we highlight our use of Haskell's lazy lists, type classes, lazy state monad, and unsafe Perform I0, and point to several areas where Haskell could be improved in the future. We end with an example of a benefit gained by bringing the functional perspective to microarchitectural modelling.
Model-Complete Theories of Formally Real Fields and Formally $p$-Adic Fields

closed fields and pseudo-p-adically closed fields. In order to unify the treatment of these two types of fields, the relevant properties of real closed ordered fields and p-adically closed valued fields are abstracted. The subsequent investigation of model-complete theories of fields is based entirely on these properties-. The properties were selected in order to solve three problems: (1) finding universal theories with the joint embedding property, (2) finding first order conditions in the usual language of fields which are necessary and sufficient for a polynomial over a field to have a zero in a formally real or formally p-adic extension of that field, and (3) finding subgroups of Galois groups whose fixed fields are formally real or formally p-adic. This paper is related to, and uses in ?1 but not in the other sections, parts of K. McKenna's work [8] on model-complete theories of ordered fields and p-valued fields. However, the results herein are not direct consequences of his work, both because these results apply to a more general situation and because they use a different formal language. Concerning the latter point, in some instances, such as real closed ordered fields and p-adically closed valued fields, model-complete theories in expanded languages do yield model-complete theories of ordinary fields other than theories of pseudo-algebraically closed fields. However, in other cases, such as differentially closed fields, this is not so. This paper presumes that the reader is familiar with the methods and results of [11] and with the references to model theory, algebra, and algebraic geometry
Evidence for redox cooperativity between c-type hemes of MauG which is likely coupled to oxygen activation during tryptophan tryptophylquinone biosynthesis.

MauG is a 42 kDa di-heme protein (1) which is required for the biosynthesis of tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) (2), the prosthetic group of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) (3). TTQ is synthesized through post-translational modification of two endogenous tryptophan residues. This modification involves two oxygenation reactions and one covalent cross-linking reaction. It has been shown that the incorporation of the second oxygen into βTrp57 and the covalent cross-linking of βTrp57 to βTrp108 are MauG-dependent processes (Figure 1). These reaction steps are severely compromised in vivo when mauG is mutated or deleted. Mutation of mauG in vivo leads to accumulation of a biosynthetic intermediate of TTQ in which βTrp57 is monohydroxylated and the covalent cross-link between βTrp57 and βTrp108 is absent (4). These steps may then be catalyzed in vitro upon addition of MauG to the isolated biosynthetic intermediate. Incubation of this biosynthetic intermediate in vitro with purified MauG results in the incorporation of the second oxygen into βTrp57 and formation of the cross-link with βTrp108 to form TTQ (5). Figure 1 Role of MauG in tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) biosynthesis. This scheme is based on information presented in references (1, 5). The genes that encode the MADH subunits, together with nine other genes that relate to MADH expression and function, are clustered in the methylamine utilization (mau) locus (6, 7). Four genes, mauFEDG, were shown to be essential for MADH maturation 6, 7). The MauG protein is the only one of these gene products that has been expressed and characterized (1). It contains two c-type hemes as predicted from its primary sequence, which contains two CXXCH motifs. In contrast to typical c-type cytochromes, the reduced form of MauG binds CO and is oxidized by O2. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of oxidized MauG exhibits signals corresponding to one high-spin heme and one low-spin heme. The g values exhibited by these hemes are atypical of c-type cytochromes and much more similar to those of hemes that bind and activate oxygen, such as ligand complexes of cytochrome P450CAM and the complex of heme oxygenase with heme. The description of MauG-mediated TTQ biosynthesis in vitro demonstrated a novel function for this c-type heme protein, which is consistent with its physical properties that are atypical for a c-type heme protein. In this paper we describe in detail the visible absorption and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic properties of each of the two c-type hemes, and the redox properties of MauG. The results indicate the high-spin heme and low-spin heme have very similar oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (Em) values but exhibit negative cooperativity such that two distinct Em values are obtained during the two-electron reduction of MauG. The structural and mechanistic implications of this unusual redox behavior are discussed.
Slow rate of molecular evolution in high-elevation hummingbirds

Estimates of relative rates of molecular evolution from a DNA-hybridization phylogeny for 26 hummingbird species provide evidence for a negative association between elevation and rate of single-copy genome evolution. This effect of elevation on rate remains significant even after taking into account a significant negative association between body mass and molecular rate. Population-level processes do not appear to account for these patterns because (i) all hummingbirds breed within their first year and (ii) the more extensive subdivision and speciation of bird populations living at high elevations predicts a positive association between elevation and rate. The negative association between body mass and molecular rate in other organisms has been attributed to higher mutation rates in forms with higher oxidative metabolism. As ambient oxygen tensions and temperature decrease with elevation, the slow rate of molecular evolution in high-elevation hummingbirds also may have a metabolic basis. A slower rate of single-copy DNA change at higher elevations suggests that the dynamics of molecular evolution cannot be separated from the environmental context.
Correction for bias in maximum likelihood estimators of in a right–censored normal distribution

It is assumed that the logs of the time to failure in a life test follow a normal distribution. If the test is terminated after r of a sample of n items fail, the test is said to be censored. If the sample size is small and censoring severe, the usual maximum likelihood estimator of a is downwardly biased. Monte Carlo techniques and regression analysis were used to develop an empirical correction factor. Applying the correction factor to the maximum likelihood estimator yields an unbiased estimate of σ.
AM1 parameters for phosphorus

Abstract AM1 has been parametrized for phosphorus. Calculations are reported for an extensive series of phosphorus-containing compounds. Although d AOs are not included in the basis set, the results are satisfactory for both trivalent and pentavalent phosphorus.
Electrochemically-induced reactions of hexafluorophosphate anions with water in negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry of undiluted ionic liquids.

The influence of water on the observed gas-phase population of negative ions in electrospray mass spectrometry was studied for the undiluted ionic liquid 1,3-butyl-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+PF6−). During the electrospray process, electrolytic reduction of water enhances the production of tetrafluorophosphate (F4PO−), which undergoes further reactions to produce difluorophosphate (F2PO2−) anions. These anions are observed in addition to the pre-existing hexafluorophosphate anion. The apparent substitution of two fluorine atoms with one oxygen is attributed to a series of reactions initiated by hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate. This hydrolysis reaction was enhanced by the addition of hydroxide, formed via the hydrolysis of water or through the addition of ammonium hydroxide. The formation of FxPOy− was studied as a function of the electrospray current and solution flow rate. The mass spectral response shows a quantitative logarithmic relationship between ΣFxPOy− signal intensities (adjusted for mole equivalents of H2O required) and the amount of water present, against which the water content could be rapidly assessed. Results were found to be comparable to Karl Fischer titration data.
X‐ray measurements of growth rates at a gas interface accelerated by shock waves

A new experimental technique to measure the density of a high atomic number gas at a shock-accelerated interface has been developed and demonstrated. It is based on the absorption of x rays by the high atomic number gas, and it was implemented in a vertical square shock tube. The object of the study was the turbulent entrainment and mixing of shock-accelerated air/xenon interfaces prepared by retracting a metal plate, initially separating the two gases, prior to the release of the shock wave. Interfaces of two types, quasi-sinusoidal and nominally flat, were examined. The amplitude of large wavelength (25–100 mm) perturbations on the interface, and the thickness of the interface were measured. An integral definition for the interface mean line was adopted, making it possible to study and time evolution of the individual Fourier modes of the perturbations. A new integral definition for the interface thickness was proposed, making it feasible to study for the first time the time evolution of the thickness of quasi-sinusoidal interfaces. Images of interfaces after interacting with a series of weak waves reverberating between the interface and the shock tube end wall were obtained. The perturbations are studied at the late stages of their evolution, when their amplitude is no longer small compared to their wavelength. Consequently, the measured growth rates of the modal amplitudes are smaller than those predicted by the impulsive model based on the small amplitude approximation. In the case of nominally flat interfaces, the thickness is observed to grow linearly at rates comparable to values previously reported.
Duck liver malic enzyme: sequence of a tryptic peptide containing the cysteine residue labeled by the substrate analog bromopyruvate.

Malic enzyme of duck liver is alkylated by bromopyruvate with half-of-the-sites stoichiometry, and with accompanying loss of oxidative decarboxylase and enhancement of pyruvate reductase activities as was previously shown for the pigeon enzyme (Hsu, R.Y. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 43, 3-26). In the present work, the alkylated enzyme is shown to bind NADPH, but not L-malate in the presence of MnCl2, indicating impairment of the enzyme site for the substrate and/or divalent metal. The enzyme was differentially labeled by 3-bromo-1-[14C]-pyruvate and digested with TPCK-treated trypsin. Two peptides bearing the susceptible residue were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and sequenced. Peptide II has the sequence of FMPIVYTPTVGLAXQQYGLAFR, corresponding to residues 86-107 (temporary numbering) of the duck enzyme; cysteine-99(x) is not detected, indicating that it is the target of modification by bromopyruvate. Peptide I is a truncated form of peptide II lacking five amino acid residues at the C-terminal. Cysteine-99 is conserved in malic enzymes from duck, rat, mouse, maize, human, Flaveria trinervia and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
A new method for estimating model parameters for multinomial data

Abstract A new procedure for estimating the parameters of a scientific model is described, and the method is applied and illustrated for the class of experiments with multinominal data structure. The procedure is referred to as the method of population-parameter mapping, and it has a number of novel and advantageous features. The method is a variation of a standard Bayesian analysis. However, instead of directly developing a posterior distribution for the model parameters, this procedure first characterizes the population proportions for the multinomial cells. Random samples are then drawn from the posterior distribution for these proportions, and these samples are mapped to the parameters of the scientific model. This method leads naturally to a definition of model identifiability, and leads to a direct probability estimate of the coherence of the scientific model. Moreover, the new procedure can circumvent the problem of dealing with computationally difficult integrals that frequently occur with Bayesian analyses of complex multinomial models. The method is illustrated by means of several memory measurement models as well as a signal-detection model.
Sexual function and the use of medical devices or drugs to optimize potency after prostate brachytherapy.

Purpose Prospective evaluation of sexual outcomes after prostate brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds as monotherapy at a tertiary cancer care center. Methods and Materials Subjects were 129 men with prostate cancer with I-125 seed implants (prescribed dose, 145 Gy) without supplemental hormonal or external beam radiation therapy. Sexual function, potency, and bother were prospectively assessed at baseline and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months using validated quality-of-life self-assessment surveys. Postimplant dosimetry values, including dose to 10% of the penile bulb (D10), D20, D33, D50, D75, D90, and penile volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose (V100) were calculated. Results At baseline, 56% of patients recorded having optimal erections; at 1 year, 62% of patients with baseline erectile function maintained optimal potency, 58% of whom with medically prescribed sexual aids or drugs. Variables associated with pretreatment-to-posttreatment decline in potency were time after implant ( p = 0.04) and age ( p = 0.01). Decline in urinary function may have been related to decline in potency. At 1 year, 69% of potent patients younger than 70 years maintained optimal potency, whereas 31% of patients older than 70 maintained optimal potency ( p = 0.02). Diabetes was related to a decline in potency ( p = 0.05), but neither smoking nor hypertension were. For patients with optimal potency at baseline, mean sexual bother scores had declined significantly at 1 year ( p Conclusions Erections firm enough for intercourse can be achieved at 1 year after treatment, but most men will require medical aids to optimize potency. Although younger men were better able to maintain erections firm enough for intercourse than older men, there was no correlation between potency, sexual function, or sexual bother and penile bulb dosimetry.
Shear Field-Flow Fractionation: Theoretical Basis of a New, Highly Selective Technique

Abstract Shear field-flow fractionation (shear FFF) is described as an FFF system in which shear forces are responsible for migration perpendicular to flow. It is shown that a desirable configuration for shear FFF is a concentric cylinder system with one cylinder rotating. After providing the relevant theoretical framework of FFF, the equations of Shafer et al. describing shear migration are simplified and applied to the limiting case of very thin annular spaces to get tractable retention expressions. On this basis the maximum selectivity is predicted to be 3 or greater, a value considerably higher than that for any other macromolecular separation technique. This high selectivity is confirmed using an alternate shear migration theory developed by Tirrell et al. However, it is shown that shear FFF is only applicable to macromolecules of high molecular weight, perhaps ∼107 and above. It may also be applicable to globular particles.
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository prompts heated congressional hearing

Although the final report of the Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future is not expected until January 2012, the tentative conclusions of the commission's draft report were dissected during a recent joint hearing by two subcommittees of the House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Among the more heated issues debated at the hearing was the fate of the stalled Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository in Nevada. The Blue Ribbon Commission's (BRC) draft report includes recommendations for managing nuclear waste and for developing one or more permanent deep geological repositories and interim storage facilities, but the report does not address the future of Yucca Mountain. The BRC charter indicates that the commission is to “conduct a comprehensive review of policies for managing the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.” However, the draft report states that the commission was not asked to consider, and therefore did not address, several key issues. “We have not rendered an opinion on the suitability of the Yucca Mountain site or on the request to withdraw the license application for Yucca Mountain,” the draft report states.
Non-invasive tracking of peripheral ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.

Abstract We propose a new method for quantifying the ventilatory sensitivity of the peripheral chemoreceptors to changes in CO 2 through analysis of the natural breath-to-breath variations in ventilation ( y ) and alveolar Pco 2 ( x ). This technique is truly non-invasive in that the need for administering CO 2 -enriched mixtures is circumvented, and peripheral chemosensitivity is assessed while the respiratory control system operates in its normal eucapnic state, unperturbed by external interventions. The method is based on solution of the inverse problem relating the cross-correlation between alveolar Pco 2 and ventilation changes, and the autocorrelation of changes in alveolar Pco 2 . Tests are performed using simulated data generated by a closed-loop respiratory control model. The impulse response of the controller and the convective delay between lungs and chemoreceptors are estimated from the data. Subsequently, the best exponential fit to the estimated impulse response yields values for the effective controller gain ( G ) and the associated time constant of the response. The estimates of G contain a small contribution from the control chemoreflex gain; however, the relation between changes in G and changes in peripheral gain remains unaltered. The effects of other details in the computation procedure, such as length of data sequence, maximum number of correlation lags and starting lag number, are also investigated.
Registered travel programmes and its leveraging of Customer Relationship Management concepts

As airport security continues to increase, travellers are striving for a more convenient way to expedite the security process. Frequent travellers will benefit greatly from enrolling in Registered Traveller (RT) programmes as airport security line wait times are reduced drastically. The use of biometrics will ensure accurate identification and minimise the occurrence of random security checks to those enrolled in the programme. A personal interview of 278 professional and semi-professional people was conducted, representative of the service industry located in the metropolitan section of Pittsburgh, PA. Via multiple linear regression, Chi-square, and factor analysis, virtually all the basic personal information and customer relationship management-related tenets of Personal Information Disclosure (t = 4.653, p = 0.000), Passenger Awareness (t = 5.462, p = 0.000), Information Reluctance (t = ?3.111, p = 0.002), and Biometric Technology (t = 5.890, p = 0.000), were found be statistically significant and positively related, except for the Information Reluctance variable (customers were very reluctant to pay higher prices for personal information they did not want to be shared with security agents and related databases in RT programmes) in the prediction of value or amount willing to pay for RT programmes that enhance security.
Metabolic rate of fungi as a function of temperature and oxidation-reduction potential (EH).

Species of fungi were subjected to increased temperature and their adaptability was measured as a function of metabolic rate and final Eh. In general, the metabolic rate for the fungi tested was greater at temperatures normally encountered by the organism as was the final Eh of growth. Adaptation to higher imposed temperature was delayed in soil saprophytes, less so in a dermatophyte and immediate in thermophilic and dimorphic pathogenic fungi. The final Eh of growth ofH. capsulatum was similar to that of living animal tissue and may reflect its tissue-tolerance.
Response Strategies of Culturally Deprived Children.

The response strategies of culturally deprived children as a function of race, sex, and grade level were investigated. A 2x2x3 balanced factorial design was used with twenty children at each grade level (kindergarten, first grade, second grade) . A test situation allowed children to make choices for each of five pairs of stimuli in a tray before receiving reinforcement for the “correct” choice. Chi-square analysis indicated that eleven of the twelve groups were using strategies in their choices at a rate greater than would be expected by chance alone. The groups differed by grade level in the number of times specific strategies were selected, although total number of strategies used did not differ across grade level, race, and sex. Constant strategies were used more often by kindergarten children while alternating strategies were utilized more often by second grade children.
Ideologies of the Press in Regard to English Language Learners: A Case Study of Two Newspapers in Arizona

The media in general and newspapers in particular have a powerful influence on the formation of public attitudes in society. This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the ideologies of two newspapers in Arizona in regard to English language learners. Using discourse analysis, 90 texts published by The Arizona Republic and the East Valley Tribune between 2003 and 2012 were examined. Findings reveal that The Arizona Republic embraced assimilationist ideologies based on cultural and linguistic homogeneity (centered on the dominance of the English language) and a pro-immigration stance grounded on humanitarian and financial principles. The East Valley Tribune, on the other hand, supported an overarching anti-immigration ideology combined with principles of fiscal conservatism, English monolingualism, and cultural homogeneity.
Computational Considerations In The Determination Of Synthetic Discriminant Functions

The potential use of the Hyerplane Projection (HP) method of solving a system of linear equations in the determination of synthetic discriminant functions is investigated. A systematic way of solving a system of linear equations based on its consistency/inconsistency rather than the rank of the coefficient matrix is offered. Some examples showing the promises and limitations of this approach are presented. Such an approach can also be used to find the rank of any real matrix, and can easily be extended to deal with complex quantities in general.
Machinery condition monitoring by inverse filtering and statistical analysis

Abstract Data used for machinery condition monitoring contains mainly the same information as that obtained under normal operation conditions. The traditional practice of feature extraction, which uses such data directly, suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. This paper presents a method that uses an inverse filter to separate the information contents of the data, so that the feature extraction can be done by statistical analysis algorithms, which would otherwise be difficult. It is shown that the inverse filtering process is equivalent to that of prediction error estimation based on a signal model in the form of an autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model. The construction of the inverse filter can therefore be carried out by ARMA modeling. An application example of this method for the monitoring of a paper handling system is also given.
Release Risk and Optimization of Railroad Tank Car Safety Design

The performance metric for tank cars and other hazardous materials vehicles involved in accidents has generally been conditional probability of release given involvement in an accident. This metric considers the probability of a release event occurring but does not take into account the quantity of product lost in a release incident. In this paper, a new metric termed "release risk" is introduced; it is defined as the expected value of the quantity lost from a tank car given that it is in an accident. The quantity of product lost varies depending on the part of the car that is damaged in an accident; consequently, use of release risk can affect how different modifications in tank car design are considered. The metric was developed in terms of tank-damage-caused and non-tank-damage-caused releases. It was found that tank-damage-caused releases had a higher release risk than non-tank-damage-caused releases. Important elements considered are the probabilities of release and the expected quantities of release...
Eggs and late-stage embryos of Allocareproctus unangas (family Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands

Four unusual masses of adhesive fish eggs surrounding limbs of the octocoral Primnoa sp. were collected in Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Island Archipelago at a depth of 397 m. The eggs contained embryos in the flexion stage of development. When dissected and cleared and stained, counts of dorsal and anal fin rays and vertebrae allowed identification of the eggs as those of Allocareproctus unangas Orr and Busby, a newly described snailfish species. This is first report of snailfishes of the genus Allocareproctus, and of liparids other than those in the genus Liparis, spawning outside of lithodid crabs.