cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Race in an era of mass migration: black migrants in Europe and the United States

A comparative analysis of Afro-Caribbean and African migrants and their children on the two sides of the Atlantic highlights how the social, political, and demographic contexts of and historical de...
Time Course of Common Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: Delay From Symptom Onset to Diagnosis.

Abstract Background Cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (aTTR-CA) is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure and carries an unfavorable prognosis. There has been no systematic investigation of how long prodromal symptoms are present before the diagnosis of aTTR-CA. We sought to document the type, frequency and distribution of early clinical manifestations in aTTR-CA in order to identify the earliest possible time window for diagnosis. Methods and Results Medical records of 34 aTTR-CA patients with heart failure (29 males, mean age 73.4±7.6 years) where examined and the onset of 13 common cardiac and extra-cardiac aTTR-CA manifestations was documented, up to the date of diagnosis. Median time from first symptom to diagnosis was 922 days; the majority of patients (n=23; 67.6%) expressed 4 or more manifestations for a median of 90 days before clinicians were alerted to the possibility of aTTR-CA. Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most common extra-cardiac aTTR-CA manifestation (n=14; 41.2%), also present for the longest median time before diagnosis (1616.5 days). The most common cardiac manifestation was LVH (30 patients, present for a median of 116 days). Conclusions aTTR-CA presents with multiple manifestations for months to years before being diagnosed. Increased awareness can help clinicians make the diagnosis sooner.
Mania Risk and Entrepreneurship: Overlapping Personality Traits

The goal of this paper is to briefly review extant findings on bipolar disorder and entrepreneurship, and then to develop a model of personality traits that might link mania risk with entrepreneuri...
High-Temperature Plasticity of Oxide Nuclear Fuel

The oxide nuclear fuels based on UO2 are the subject of detailed studies because of their importance to both thermal and fast-reactor systems. Of particular technological interest is the plasticity of the fuel, inasmuch as it determines the magnitude of fuel swelling and, hence, the stresses induced in the metal cladding (outer fuel container). The amount of permanent deformation allowed in the cladding before the fuel element must be removed from the reactor is limited by both operational and safety considerations. Thus, if less force could be exerted by the fuel on the cladding, the useful lifetime of the fuel element could be increased. This realization has been the impetus for several research programs in both the U.S. and Europe designed to understand the plastic nature of nuclear fuels in a high-temperature, fissioning environment. The principal objective is to develop a plastic fuel that would fill the internal space provided without unduly stressing the cladding.
Characterization of the expression of two maize root-preferential genes at the protein level

14 Introduction 15 Materials and Methods 1 6 Results 2 1 Discussion 3 3 Acknowledgments 3 6 MAIZE ZRP4 PROTEIN IS ROOT-PREFERENTIAL AND IS DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED 3 7 Abstract 3 7 Introduction 3 8 Materials and Methods 3 9 Results 4 33 7 Introduction 3 8 Materials and Methods 3 9 Results 4 3
Important Electronics for Classical Conditioning Experiments

Over the years, we have used a variety of simple electronic circuits in our research. These circuits have proven most useful for interfacing between computer control circuits and the variety of pieces of equipment that are used to deliver stimuli or record responses. Most of these circuits are quite easy to build and have a number of applications that can be generalized to a variety of research situations. We present these circuits in this chapter.
Dr. Daedalus and His Minotaur: Mythic Warnings about Genetic Engineering from J.B.S. Haldane, François Jacob, and Andrew Niccol's Gattaca

We are entering an era in which “cultural construction of the body” refers to a literal technological enterprise. This era was anticipated in the 1920s by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane in a lecture which inspired Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. In that lecture, Haldane reinterpreted the Greek myth of Daedalus and the Minotaur as heroic fable. Seventy years later another geneticist, Francois Jacob, used the same myth as cautionary tale. Here I explain the Minotaur's “genetic” monstrosity in terms of disability and hybridity, using the movie Gattaca to argue that ancient fears of monstrously disabled bodies are being recycled as bioethics.
Characterization and selection for phosphorus deficiency tolerance in 99 spring wheat genotypes in Montana

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil is a common spring wheat production-limiting factor in Montana. In a pot experiment, three groups of spring wheat genotypes based on source (association mapping, 2016 off-station, and nested association mapping) were grown in 5 (P5) and 30 (P30) mg P kg−1 potting mix conditions and screened for P deficiency tolerance. Plant height, tiller and head number, grain yields per pot measured were significantly different between P5 and P30 conditions (p < .05). Spring wheat genotypes: Unity, Peace, Vida, Reeder, CLTR 15134, ONeal and Fortuna yielded more grains, and equally took up more P in P5 conditions, revealing some degree of P deficiency tolerance. The genetic variability identified in this study for grain yields and P uptake could be used in wheat improvement programs for selecting genotypes with low P tolerance in P deficient soils as well as in organic spring wheat production.
Rhombohedral Polytypes of the Layered Honeycomb Delafossites with Optical Brilliance in the Visible

We report the synthesis of the Delafossite honeycomb compounds Cu3Ni2SbO6 and Cu3Co2SbO6 via a copper topotactic reaction from the layered α-NaFeO2-like precursors Na3Ni2SbO6 and Na3Co2SbO6. The low-temperature exchange reaction exclusively produces the rhombahedral 3R polytype subcell, whereas only the hexagonal 2H polytype subcell has been made by conventional synthesis. The thus-synthesized 3R variants are visually striking; they are bright lime-green (Ni variant) and terracotta-orange (Co variant), while both of the conventionally synthesized 2H variants have a burnt-red color. The new structures are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis as well as magnetic susceptibility, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and diffuse-reflectance optical spectroscopy. Using thermogravimetric analysis, we identify a second order 3R → 2H phase transition as well as a first-order structural transition associated with rearrangement of the honeycomb stacking layers. The optical absorbance sp...
A Broad View of Wearables as Learning Technologies: Current and Emerging Applications.

Wearables have increasingly been appearing in various forms as technologies that have the potential to support teaching and learning. This chapter surveys a number of recent and current wearable technology projects in the educational technology, learning sciences, and human-computer interaction literatures to illustrate the diversity of wearable technologies. It also identifies some regularities in how various forms of wearables are being deployed to support learning. These forms of support include using wearables to: promote personal expression; integrate digital information into social interactions; support educative role-play; provide just-in-time notification in a learning environment; and produce records of bodily experience for subsequent inspection, reflection, and interpretation. While examples of each support are provided, two more extended descriptions from the authors’ recent and ongoing work with wearables are given as examples of how human and other animal bodily experiences can be harnessed to support learning. Future directions and considerations for educational technologists are discussed.
Gluon distributions in nuclei probed at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Using updated gluon distributions from global fits to data, we investigate the sensitivity of direct photoproduction of heavy quarks and exclusive production of vector mesons to varying strength of gluon modifications. Implications of using these processes for constraining nuclear gluon distributions are discussed.
Case Histories Illustrating Fractographic Analysis Techniques

The Naval Research Laboratory receives cracked and fractured parts ranging from the exotic to the mundane: for example, titanium alloy jet engine components, ultrahigh strength steel landing gear parts, aluminum alloy airframe sections, and galvanized mild steel radio antenna support frames. Failure analysis involving so many materials over such a wide range of applications demands great adaptability in the use of fractographic techniques. The use of all techniques from the unaided eye through low-power magnifiers to high-powered light microscopes and transmission and scanning microscopes, will be discussed, using actual case histories for illustration. The application of surface chemical analysis to failure analysis also will be mentioned.
3-Level Asymmetric Full-Bridge Soft-Switched PWM Converter for 3-Phase Unfolding Based Battery Charger Topology

In this paper, the authors propose a new topology referred to as 3-Level Asymmetric Full Bridge (3LAFB) for back-end isolated DC-DC stage required in three-phase rectifiers based on unfolding approach. The three-phase unfolding based approach improves the power density and efficiency of the converter for isolated battery charging applications. The DC-DC stage used in this approach is usually implemented by two separate converters for processing different time-varying power from each of the two soft DC links. The authors propose a single 3-level DC-DC converter that can simultaneously process power from both the soft-dc links. This results in further reduction in size of the converters based on unfolding approach. Modulation strategy is also proposed for this 3LAFB topology such that the conduction duration of the 4-quadrant switches are minimized and all the active devices soft-switch. With the proposed modulation, converter has the ability to process different powers from each of the DC links that are required to maintain power factor correction (PFC) action on the grid side. Ideal converter simulation waveforms are used to explain the operation of the converter. Hardware results from a 2 kW prototype are presented at three different operating conditions that cover the full voltage range at the input. The results provided validate the proposed converter ability to meet the requirements of the DC-DC stage in an unfolding rectifier.
Pilon Fractures in Patients Older Than 60 Years of Age: Should We Be Fixing These?

Objectives To compare complications after operatively treated pilon fracture between elderly patients (≥60 years) and younger patients ( Design Retrospective comparative study. Setting Two Level-1 academic trauma. Patients/participants Of the 740 tibial plafond fractures (OTA/AO 43-B & 43-C) treated January 2006 through December 2016, 538 patients had a minimum of 1 year follow up. Intervention Open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF). Main outcome measurement Treatment failure defined as either nonunion or arthrosis. Results A total of 72 patients comprised the elderly group (mean age 66 years) and 466 patients comprised the younger group (mean age 44 years) (P 60 was not associated with treatment failure [odds ratio (OR) 1.2 (0.7-2.1), P = 0.52]. Bone loss (OR 2.7 [1.8-4.1], P Conclusions Age >60 years is not an independent predictor of surgical treatment failure of pilon fractures as defined by nonunion or arthrosis. This is the largest cohort of pilon fracture in elderly patients and indicates that we should continue to treat elderly patients similar to their younger counterparts using ORIF. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cooperative virus propagation underlies COVID-19 transmission dynamics

The global pandemic due to the emergence of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a threat to the future health of humanity. There remains an urgent need to understand its transmission characteristics and design effective interventions to mitigate its spread. In this study, we define a non-linear (known in biochemistry models as allosteric or cooperative) relationship between viral shedding, viral dose and COVID-19 infection propagation. We develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of COVID-19 to link quantitative features of viral shedding, human exposure and transmission in nine countries impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The model was then used to evaluate the efficacy of interventions against virus transmission. We found that cooperativity was important to capture country-specific transmission dynamics and leads to resistance to mitigating transmission in mild or moderate interventions. The behaviors of the model emphasize that strict interventions greatly limiting both virus shedding and human exposure are indispensable to achieving effective containment of COVID-19.
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

Sleep-related movement disorders are a spectrum of conditions that involve simple, usually stereotyped movements that can cause disruption of nocturnal sleep and may thus cause daytime sleepiness and fatigue. These disorders involve movements that differ from those occurring during wakefulness and may predominate or solely occur during sleep.
Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018

Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected. Key words: Food-borne Salmonella; Serotype; Drug resistance
Results of the 2019 Survey of the American Alliance of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology.

Rationale and Objectives An annual survey of chief residents in accredited North American radiology programs is conducted by the American Alliance of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology (A3CR2). The purpose of this study is to summarize the 2019 A3CR2 chief resident survey. Materials and Methods An online survey was distributed to chief residents from 194 Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited radiology residencies. Questions were designed to gather information about residency program details, call and weekend coverage, interventional radiology training, fellowship, social media use, healthcare reform, artificial intelligence, and job market status. Results One hundred and forty-two unique responses from 99 programs were provided, yielding a 51% program response rate. There was a mean of 7.3 women per residency with a mean program size of 28 residents (26% women). Only 3 of the 99 (3%) programs had a proportion of women that was 50% or higher. The proportion of women in radiology residencies is unchanged since 2014 (p= 0.93) and is significantly lower than 2019 graduating women medical students (49.3%; p Conclusion Women remain underrepresented in radiology, face-to-face readout is decreasing, and there has been a shift towards a positive job market outlook.
3D-Printed Gradient-Index Phononic Crystal Lens for Underwater Acoustic Wave Focusing

A 3D-printed gradient-index phononic crystal structure based on air inclusions in a polymer is introduced to manipulate underwater acoustic waves. The proposed approach enables a simple configuration without heavy inclusions or geometrically complex unit cells to create the required refractive-index profile and focus incident plane waves propagating in a known direction. Based on the band-structure analysis, a gradient-index lens is designed, fabricated, and tested, yielding an excellent agreement between the experimental results and finite-element simulations of underwater acoustic wave focusing. The proposed concept and the resulting lens design can find applications spanning from power enhancement in acoustic energy transfer and harvesting to signal enhancement in sensing and imaging.
Women's Pornography Consumption, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Victimization

While research in recent years has investigated the influence of pornography consumption on sexually aggressive behavior, research on the relationship between pornography and experienced victimization is sparse. The current study sought to explore female sexual victimization and its relationship with pornography consumption and alcohol use at two universities (N = 483). Binary logistic regression analyses indicate that both pornography and alcohol consumption were unique predictors of self-reported victimization for college females and that the combined effect of pornography and alcohol dramatically increases the odds of victimization. Results are discussed in the context of pornography's impact on the minimization of sexually aggressive acts in real life and campus rape culture.
Optical Fiber Sensors for the Environment

The limited ability of the Earth to cope with the extremes of Man’s pollution has been receiving an increasing amount of political attention in recent years, with greatest media emphasis being on global effects, such as the “greenhouse” effect and the well-publicised “holes” in the ozone layer.
Cell disjunction ("mitosis") in somatic cell reproduction.

Publisher Summary “Mitosis” is the general term for the way in which many different kinds of cells proliferate. The detailed analysis of cell parts before or during mitosis is presented in the chapter. “Cell disjunction” is the term that is used in place of the general term “mitosis” to designate the sequence within the somatic cell cycle, whereby two single, living, replicate cells move away from each other. Cell disjunction follows cell replication within the total sequence of somatic cell reproduction that leads to more cells of the same type—that is, the appearance of two single, living, replicate cells, each of which is indistinguishable from its cell of origin as it first appeared. The definition and description of cell disjunction in this chapter are based on operations on approximately 2000 living human somatic cells including HEL of normal origin and ERK and HeLa cells of abnormal origin. The action evoked as a result of these micro-operations provides the basis for the interpretation of disjunction and is correlated with current knowledge of the submicroscopic morphology of fixed human cells and their cell-cycle kinetics. The micro-operations present the way in which the two cells generate the forces needed to produce the relative movements seen during cell disjunction. Reports from other laboratories are discussed in relation to this interpretation of disjunction.
Dental care utilization among North Carolina rural older adults

Objectives: This analysis delineates the predisposing, need, and enabling factors that are associated with regular and recent dental care in a multiethnic sample of rural older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, comprehensive, oral-health survey conducted with a random, multiethnic (African American, American Indian, white) sample of 635 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older was completed in two rural southern counties. Logistic regression models assessed the simultaneous associations of dental care with predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results: Almost no edentulous rural older adults received dental care; 27.1 percent of dentate rural older adults had received regular dental care, and 36.7 percent had received recent dental care. Predisposing (less than high-school education, dental anxiety), enabling (no regular place for dental care), and need factors (no filled teeth) reduced the odds of regular dental, while predisposing (dental anxiety), enabling (no regular place for dental care), and need factors (no filled teeth) reduced the odds of recent dental care. Having excellent, very good, or good self-rated oral health increased the odds of receiving regular and recent dental care. Conclusions: Regular and recent dental care are infrequent among rural older adults. Contrary to expectations, those not receiving dental care are those who most need care; this has been referred to as the Paradox of Dental Need. Community access to dental care and the ability of older adults to pay for dental care must be addressed by public-health policy to improve the health and quality of life of older adults in rural communities.
A minimally invasive method for gender determination in the prehensile-tailed porcupine (Coendou prehensilis).

Prehensile-tailed porcupines (Coendou prehensilis), like other rodents, lack external sexual traits, making it difficult to non-invasively determine their gender. By exploiting genetic differences between the X and the Y chromosome, we developed a simple genetic test to determine the gender of Coendous from shed quills. We Sanger sequenced a short portion (195 bp) of the zinc finger protein gene of known male (XY) Coendous to identify positions that are polymorphic between the X and Y chromosomes at this locus. By directly sequencing this fragment, we were able to correctly determine (confirmed via anatomical sexing) the gender of male and female Coendous by the presences or absence of polymorphisms in the resulting chromatograms. This assay is simple, quick and is applicable to other porcupine species. Zoo Biol. 32:463–466, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Binge Drinking and Suboptimal Self-Rated Health Among Adult Drinkers

Background: Binge drinking accounts for more than half of the 79,000 annual deaths in the United States that are owing to excessive drinking. The overall objective of our study was to examine the prevalence of binge drinking and consumption levels associated with suboptimal self-rated health among the general population of adult drinkers in all 50 states and territories in the United States. Methods: The study included a total of 200,587 current drinkers who participated in the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. We estimated the prevalence of binge drinking (i.e., ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion for men or ≥4 drinks on 1 occasion for women) and heavy drinking (i.e., an average of >14 drinks per week for men or >7 drinks per week for women), as well as the average number of binge episodes per person during a 30-day period. Odds ratios were produced with multivariate logistic regression models using binge-drinking levels as a predictor; status of suboptimal self-rated health was used as an outcome variable while controlling for sociodemographic, health, and behavioral risk factors. Results: We estimate that 34.7 million adult drinkers in the United States engaged in binge drinking in 2008, including an estimated 42.2% who reported either heavy drinking or at least 4 binge-drinking episodes in a 30-day period. Binge drinking with such levels was associated with a 13–23% increased likelihood of reporting suboptimal self-rated health, when compared to the nonbinge drinkers. Conclusions: Binge drinking continues to be a serious public health concern. Frequent binge drinkers or binge drinkers who consume alcohol heavily are especially at risk of suboptimal self-rated health. Our findings underscore the importance of broad-based implementation in health care settings of screening for and brief interventions to address alcohol misuse, as well as the continuing need to implement effective population-based prevention strategies to reduce alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.
Dislocation pileups and elastic cracks at a bimaterial interface

Double-ended dislocation pileups and the three modes of cracks at a bimaterial interface have been studied. The elastic field of the cracks are represented by that of a continuous distribution of infinitesimal dislocations. Analytical solutions are obtained for antiplane shear cracks. It is found that the stress intensity at the tip of a double-ended screw dislocation pileup is smaller than that of a single-ended pileup by the factor of (1—a) wherea = (2/π) sin-1√(l-k)/2 andk = (G2-G1)/(G2 + G1). G2 and G1 are the shear moduli of the two constituent phases. Numerical techniques are used to discuss double-ended edge dislocation pileups and tensile and in-plane shear cracks. The crack opening displacements for various bimaterial systems have been determined.
Diagnostic Criteria for Prader-Willi Syndrome

Most experienced clinicians agree that the diagnosis of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) remains a clinical one. The 15q deletion has been considered confirmatory when present. However, several studies have established that only 50–70% of the patients with the Syndrome show this finding, always in the paternally derived chromosome 15. Some patients with the PWS have shown other abnormalities of chromosome 15 (Cassidy and Ledbetter, 1989). In addition, it is now well established that Angelman Syndrome is also associated with the sarae deletion of a chromosome 15 inherited from the mother rather than the father (Magenis et al, 1990). Finally, patients with other conditions, e.g., Williams Syndrome, and hypotonia of unknown etiology have also been reported to demonstrate the 15q deletion on cytogenetic studies (Kaplan et al, 1987; Holm, 1991).
Enhancing random heterogeneity representation by mixing the kriging method with the zonation structure

[1] This research develops a zonation-kriging (ZK) method and extends the geostatistical theory to investigate the spatially distributed random field and obtain an optimal nonsmooth conditional estimate. In the ZK method the zonal structure honors the parameter measurements such that each sample location represents a distinct zone, while the kriging method also honors the same data set and results in a smooth distribution. The ZK method integrates the conditional estimates of the zonal structure and the kriged field over a set of weighting coefficients on the sample data. The extended geostatistical theory using the ZK method is applied to the intrinsic field, stationary field, and nonstationary field. The study shows that the conditional variance using the ZK method is bounded between the kriging variance and variogram. When estimating hydraulic conductivity by inversion of a groundwater model, the optimal values of weighting coefficients are determined via predictive probability of the Bayesian decision theory. The numerical examples show that the ZK method has less dependence on the semivariogram model. The ZK method outperforms the kriging method in both smooth and nonsmooth fields. The ZK method shows high efficiency to better the conditional estimate of hydraulic conductivity distribution with low conditional uncertainty and good agreement to the groundwater head observations.
An unsupervised learning approach to find ovarian cancer genes through integration of biological data

Cancer is a disease characterized largely by the accumulation of out-of-control somatic mutations during the lifetime of a patient. Distinguishing driver mutations from passenger mutations has posed a challenge in modern cancer research. With the advanced development of microarray experiments and clinical studies, a large numbers of candidate cancer genes have been extracted and distinguishing informative genes out of them is essential. As a matter of fact, we proposed to find the informative genes for cancer by using mutation data from ovarian cancers in our framework. In our model we utilized the patient gene mutation profile, gene expression data and gene gene interactions network to construct a graphical representation of genes and patients. Markov processes for mutation and patients are triggered separately. After this process, cancer genes are prioritized automatically by examining their scores at their stationary distributions in the eigenvector. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the integration of heterogeneous sources of information is essential in finding important cancer genes.
First order colossal magnetoresistance transitions in the two-orbital model for manganites.

Large-scale Monte Carlo simulation results for the two-orbital model for manganites, including Jahn-Teller lattice distortions, are presented here. At hole density $x=1/4$ and in the vicinity of the region of competition between the ferromagnetic metallic and spin-charge-orbital ordered insulating phases, the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) phenomenon is observed with a magnetoresistance ratio $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }000%$. Our main result is that this CMR transition is found to be of first order in some portions of the phase diagram, in agreement with early results from neutron scattering, specific heat, and magnetization, thus solving a notorious discrepancy between experiments and previous theoretical studies. The first order characteristics of the transition survive, and are actually enhanced, when weak quenched disorder is introduced.
Internal Velocity and Mass Distributions in Clusters of Galaxies for a Variety of Cosmogonic Models

The mass and velocity distributions in the outskirts ($0.5-3.0h^{-1}$Mpc) of clusters of galaxies are examined for a suite of cosmogonic models utilizing large-scale Particle-Mesh (PM) simulations ($500^3$ cells, $250^3$ particles and box size of $100h^{-1}$Mpc, giving a nominal resolution of $0.2h^{-1}$Mpc with the true resolution about $0.5h^{-1}$Mpc). Through a series of model computations, designed to isolate the different effects, we find that both $\Omega_0$ and $P_k$ ($\lambda\le 16h^{-1}$Mpc) are important to the mass and velocity distributions in clusters of galaxies. More details in the full abstract.
Investigation of the mechanism of protein adsorption on ordered mesoporous silica using flow microcalorimetry.

Abstract The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS) on siliceous SBA-15 with 24 nm pores was studied using flow microcalorimetry; this is the first attempt to understand the thermodynamics of protein adsorption on SBA-15 using flow microcalorimetry. The adsorption mechanism is a strong function of protein structure. Exothermic events were observed when protein–surface interactions were attractive. Entropy-driven endothermic events were also observed in some cases, resulting from lateral protein–protein interactions and conformational changes in the adsorbed protein. The magnitudes of the enthalpies of adsorption for primary protein–surface interactions decrease with increased surface coverage, indicating the possibility of increased repulsion between adsorbed protein molecules. Secondary exothermic events were observed for BSA adsorption, presumably due to secondary adsorption made possible by conformational changes in the soft BSA protein. These secondary adsorption events were not observed for lysozyme, which is structurally robust. The results of this study emphasize the influence of solution conditions and protein structure on conformational changes of the adsorbed protein and the value of calorimetry in understanding protein–surface interactions.
Academic Achievement: An Examination of Holland's Congruency, Consistency, and Differentiation Predictions.

Abstract This investigation tested three predictions derived from Holland's (1973) theory of vocational development regarding academic achievement. Groups of 392 male and 424 female entering college freshmen were typed using the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory and were categorized in terms of congruency, consistency, and differentiation. Freshmen with congruent college major choices or with definite majors but indefinite Holland orientations enjoyed greater academic success than students who specified incongruent choices or no definite major choice. Students with personality codes of high or low consistency outperformed students with moderately consistent codes. Freshmen males with differentiated personal orientations achieved higher grade point averages than males having nondifferentiated personality profiles. For females, differentiation was not significant. In all sex comparisons female trends paralleled male trends and females generally outperformed males. Implications for vocational development and counseling were discussed in the context of Holland's theory.
Reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity: a meta-analysis.

Reproducibilities of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) reactivity reported in studies assessing responses to the same laboratory stressors across occasions were reviewed with meta-analytic techniques. Changes in HR had the greatest reproducibility (r = .555), followed by systolic blood pressure (SBP) (.407) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (.348). Both SBP and HR response reproducibility was higher at shorter test-retest intervals, whereas DBP values varied unsystematically with length of test-retest interval. Older samples exhibited higher SBP and DBP reproducibility to stressors. SBP and DBP reproducibilities were better for tasks that did not make speech demands. The reliability of reactivity assessment was higher when based on three or more measurements. On the basis of available evidence, the drop in stress reproducibility, as test-retest interval increases, places limits on the viability of BP reactivity as a strong marker or risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Units in Hecke Algebras

Abstract This paper investigates the conditions under which elements of a standard spanning set of the Hecke algebra of an induced character of a finite group are units. General criteria are developed, as well as results that apply to induced linear characters, permutation representations of nilpotent groups, and certain induced representations of finite groups of Lie type.
Steady-State Voltammetric Response of the Nanopore Electrode

The steady-state voltammetric response of the truncated conical-shaped glass nanopore electrode is presented. Analytical theory, finite-element simulations, and experimental measurement of the diffusive flux of a redox molecule through the pore orifice demonstrate that the steady-state current decreases rapidly as the pore depth increases and then asymptotically approaches a constant value when the pore depth is ∼50× larger than the pore orifice. The asymptotic limit of the steady-sate current is only a function of the pore orifice radius and the cone angle of the pore and has a finite value for all cone angles greater than zero. Experimental confirmation of the predicted dependence on pore depth is obtained using nanopore electrodes with 100−1000 nm orifice radii, by measuring the steady-state voltammetric current corresponding to the oxidation of ferrocene in acetonitrile solutions containing an excess of supporting electrolyte.
Performance of Yearling and Weanling Cattle Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures with a Self-Limiting Protein Supplement

The stocker cattle grazing enterprise in the southestern USA has been hindered by unacceptable performance of animals grazing bermudagrasses [Cynadon dactylon (L.) Pen.] and other warm-season perennial grasses, particularly during the latter stages of the grazing season. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a self-limiting protein supplement on performance of yearling and weanling cattle (Bos taurus × B. indicus) grazing bermudagrass pastures. The 2-yr study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 and included 180 yearling cattle and 80 weanling calves that were randomly allocated to replicate groups of the following two treatments: (i) bermudagrass pasture alone (BGPAS); and (ii) bermudagrass pasture supplemented with a 28% crude protein condensed molasses block (PMB) [...]
Dielectric measurements of OH- centers in silver chloride

Abstract Dielectric measurements on silver chloride doped with hydroxyl ions show the defect is oriented in the 〈111〉 direction with a dipole moment of 1.1 debye. It reorients by a classical rate process with an activation energy of 94 cm -1 .
Development of the serotonergic system in the rat embryo: An immunocytochemical study ☆

The development of central serotonergic neurons has been examined immunocytochemically utilizing an antiserum to serotonin (5-HT). Cells of the B4-B9 complex are first detected early on embryonic day 13 (E13; 7 mm crown rump length, CRL) and increase rapidly in number through E15 when they appear as bilateral columns situated from just caudal to the mesencephalic flexure to the pontine flexure. Aggregation of cells into subgroups is apparent soon after 5-HT neurons leave the ventricular zone, allowing the identification of certain subdivisions of the B4-B9 complex long before they assume their adult locations. The initial detection of 5-HT immunoreactive cells in the medulla occurs 1-2 days after the appearance of cells in the B4-B9 complex, although it has been reported that the time of origin of medullary raphe neurons (B1-B3) occurs before that of raphe neurons in the midbrain and pons (B4-B9). The first medullary 5-HT neurons, comprising the B3 subdivision occur ventro-laterally on E14 (10-11 mm CRL) at least 1-2 days before midline 5-HT neurons are visualized in the B1 and B2 groups. Thus, in contrast to cells in the B4-B9 complex, medullary 5-HT neurons complete much of their migration before they can be detected immunocytochemically, indicating that the time of onset of transmitter synthesis and storage may differ during differentiation of cells sharing a common neurotransmitter phenotype. The formation of ascending 5-HT fiber projections occurs rapidly from cells of the B4-B9 complex. Within 24 hours after the initial detection of 5-HT fiber immunoreactivity in such cells at E13, their axons are seen entering the caudal diencephalon (E14). These fibers have traversed the diencephalon and floor of the telencephalon by E15-E16 and reach the frontal neocortical pole by E17. The main ascending bundle of 5-HT axons courses through the diencephalon in the vicinity of the medial forebrain bundle, although some fibers also diverge and travel along certain pre-existing non-5HT pathways. However, examples are also found of acute directional changes in 5-HT fiber growth which do not appear to be associated with pre-formed non-5HT pathways. The pattern of ascending fiber outgrowth suggests a priority routing system which provides certain regions with 5-HT axons in a preferential sequence irrespective of the distance of these areas from 5-HT cell groups or from major bundles of ascending 5-HT fibers.
FOLKLORE, FEAR, AND THE FEMININE: GHOSTS AND OLD WIVES' TALES IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS

Wuthering heights is haunted, of course. But not only by the ghost of Catherine, who harries Heathcliff and terrifies Lockwood. Not only by the shades of Heathcliff and Catherine (or Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon) who set off toward Penistone Crag. The ghosts in Wuthering Heights are not Gothic ghosts nor the ghosts from Victorian magazine ghost stories. They represent a different kind of haunting altogether ? the haunting of the Victorian middle classes by fear of the people they designated as "the folk." The field of folklore studies was born in the Victorian period. Amateurs who had collected "antiquities" ? customs, songs, stories ? became, in the early years of Victoria's reign, "folklorists," with their own professional societies and publications. These early Victorian collectors of folklore were participating in a larger project to help cement an English national identity by establishing an Englishness that depended on the exclusion of certain cultural groups. Much work has been done on the importance of a colonial Other to a developing sense of Englishness in the Victorian era, and theories about race, ethnicity, and evolution certainly interacted with popular ideas about imperialism in the public imagination. But, as Nancy Armstrong has noted, the growth of Victorian folklore studies also helped to construct the "folk" ? especially Celts and rural northerners ? as Other. When folklorists and their readers in nineteenth-century Britain excluded the folk from their category of Englishness, they did it by relegating the folk to the margins; the folk thus became at once the Other against which the middle-class English could be defined and a symbol of a cultural past that the English had transcended. British folklorists helped to create the folk as Other through a gendered trope: the image that recurs throughout folklore studies in this period, and indeed throughout popular understandings of folklore even today, is the trope of the male folklorist from the city (or university) drawing information from the folksy "old wife." In 1846, antiquary William Thorns renamed himself and his fellow researchers; they were henceforth to be known as collectors not of "antiquities" but of "folk-lore" (Dorson 75). This new label signalled a shift in the way such field researchers thought of their material. Antiquaries had considered the customs, traditions, songs, and superstitions they
Morphologic and physiologic response of lungs to steroid and cigarette smoke: An animal model

Abstract The combined effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) treatment induce prominent abnormalities in lungs of C57BL 6 male mice. These abnormalities include (1) a marked reduction of pulmonary macrophage population which is normally elevated by smoke inhalation, (2) an accumulation of surfactant and flocculent material in alveoli, (3) a decrease in alveolar space surrounded by normal septal tissue, and (4) an increase in hypertrophied alveolar parenchyma. Concomitant with altered lung morphology, lung volume and gas diffusing capacity were significantly compromised in animals subjected to smoke exposure and steroid treatment. It was found that smoke inhalation or HCA administration alone had no ill effects on the animals. The data presented indicate that manifestation of pathologic conditions resembling pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a result of cigarette smoke-drug interaction. The information reported provides a basis for an animal model which might be applicable to assessment of factors related to smoke inhalation and development of pulmonary disorders.
Controlled dither in 90 nm digital to time conversion based direct digital synthesizer for spur mitigation

Dithering is used in many discrete to continuous value conversion functions to provide an effective fractional value. This paper reviews the application of dither to a digital-to-time converter (DTC) based digital synthesizer suitable for many common wireless communication systems. Measurements of a 90 nm CMOS implementation using a 5 bit DTC show extension to effective 8 bits.
The Reactions of Cellulose with Amic Acids and Anhydride Ammonia: Part V: Reactivity of Primary and Secondary Hydroxyls in the Esterification with Phthalamic Acid

The reactivity of phthalamic add toward primary and secondary hydroxyl groups in ester formation was studied to provide insight into the mechanism of the same esterification involving cellulosic fabrics. The over-all stoichiometry of the amic acid, alcohol reaction and the effect of the dielectric constant of the reaction medium were also examined. Isomeric pairs of low molecular weight primary and secondary alcohols and also methanol were used as models for this study. Reactivity was characterized by determination of yields in the esterification reaction. Conclusions based on the reactions of the model compounds were tested using polymeric alcohols. The mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of the disorder broadening and the intrinsic gap for the ν=(5)/(2) fractional quantum Hall state

We report a reliable method to estimate the disorder broadening parameter from the scaling of the gaps of the even and major odd denominator fractional quantum Hall states of the second Landau level. We apply this technique to several samples of vastly different densities and grown in different molecular beam epitaxy chambers. Excellent agreement is found between the estimated intrinsic and numerically obtained energy gaps for the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state. Furthermore, we quantify the dependence of the intrinsic gap at $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ on Landau-level mixing.
Properties of a Large NaI(Tl) Spectrometer for the Energy Measurement of High-Energy Gamma Rays on the Gamma Ray Observatory

A large NaI(Tl) spectrometer is expected to play a crucial role in the measurement of the energy spectra from an all-sky survey of high-energy celestial gamma rays on the Gamma Ray Observatory. The crystal size and requirements of space flight have resulted in a novel crystal-packaging and optics combination. The structure of this spectrometer and the operating characteristics determined in a test program using high energy positrons are described.
Stereoselective binding of disopyramide to human plasma protein

Abstract The binding of racemic disopyramide and its two enantiomers to protein were compared in two samples of human plasma, two samples of freshly drawn serum and in a solution of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The binding of S(+)-disopyramide was higher at all concentrations as compared to to R(−)-disopyramide, and the binding of the racemate was intermediate. Differences in binding were due to differences in the association constant.
Phylogenetic Affinities of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae), with Descriptions of Two New Species From Peru

abstract: Two new allocreadiid trematodes are described from the intestine of characid fishes from Rio Itaya, a tributary of the Amazon River near Iquitos, Peru. Auriculostoma foliaceum n. sp. is described from Bryconops cf. caudomaculatus (Gunther, 1864) Backup, 2003, and Auriculostoma diagonale n. sp. from Stethaprion cf. erythrops Cope, 1870. Auriculostoma foliaceum n. sp. differs from its congeners by having a foliated lateral margin and lacking vitelline follicles in the forebody. Auriculostoma diagonale n. sp. differs from all of its congeners except Auriculostoma platense (Szidat, 1954) Scholz, Aguirre-Macedo, and Choudhury, 2004, by having oblique rather than tandem testes and differs from A. platense by having a much more elongated cirrus sac. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on analyses of 3 alignments of partial sequences of the 28S rDNA gene conducted in this study provide a framework for revaluating the classification of Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902. The present analyses show that (1) Paracreptot...