cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hopfield neural network solution to the TCM partitioning problem

In this paper, the problem of circuit partitioning for multichip module packaging realization is considered. A Hopfield-type neural network is designed for use in solving the previously proposed thermal conduction module (TCM) partitioning problem, to which only heuristic solutions have been applied thus far. It is expected that the global nature of the Hopfield neural network's operation will make it a useful tool as the problem complexity is increased. >
Mass Grave Investigation

Mass graves are graves of four or more individuals buried at or about the same time. When bodies are piled on top of each other, the mass decomposes differently than a single body in a grave, owing to accumulated water and body fluids. The variation in decomposition stages, as well as the sheer size of the graves, can make the exhumations logistically challenging. Criminal mass graves rarely result from simple homicide, but often are a result of genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity. Framing a charge relies on attention to the cause and manner of death of decedents, grave demographics, artifacts, and personal effects, as well as other factors. Attention to how the grave is dug and bodies arranged can help to corroborate witness testimony on the sequence of events and mechanics of execution and body disposal. Keywords: mass grave; taphonomy; investigation; genocide; war crimes; crimes against humanity
Reprocessing Vermont Yankee

In Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. NRDC, 435 U.S. 519 (1978), the Supreme Court unanimously and stridently chastised the D.C. Circuit for forcing the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to employ procedures such as discovery and cross-examination in a notice-and-comment rulemaking when no organic statute, regulation, or constitutional provision required it. Vermont Yankee is almost universally regarded as one of the most important administrative law decisions issued by the Supreme Court. For the past three decades, various scholars, most notably Paul Verkuil and Richard Pierce, have been anticipating, and urging, a "Vermont Yankee II," in which the Court would similarly invalidate other administrative law doctrines. These prior calls for a Vermont Yankee II were not actually attempts to extend the reasoning and holding of Vermont Yankee. Rather Vermont Yankee was employed as a broad symbol - a metaphor of sorts - for Supreme Court intervention to reign in undue lower-court interference with agency discretion and autonomy. There are a significant number of important administrative law doctrines that seem to us to fly squarely in the face of all but the most unreasonably narrow understandings of the Vermont Yankee decision. These doctrines, ranging from the prohibitions on agency ex parte contacts and prejudgment in rulemakings to the expanded modern conception of the notice of proposed rulemaking, are all ripe for reconsideration. In this paper, after setting out the Vermont Yankee decision, we examine previous calls for a "Vermont Yankee II" and explain, in light of what we characterize as the "natural reading" of Vermont Yankee why the regulation of ex parte contacts and agency prejudgment in rulemakings, and mainstream applications of the APA's notice requirements violate the holding of Vermont Yankee as properly understood, as well as the principles and policies underlying the decision. Rejecting these doctrines is thus the appropriate target for a Vermont Yankee II.
Selective maternal culturing to identify group B streptococcal infection

Abstract During a 5-year period vaginal cultures were obtained from all women with an obstetric history of premature onset of labor or premature rupture of membranes. With these indications, 1,213 (12.7%) of all parturient patients were cultured and 10.2% of those cultured were colonized with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. Maternal colonization did not correlate with ABO blood group, although a significantly higher percentage of Rh negative women were colonized (p
Reduced DNA Repair Capacity in Lung Cancer Patients

Although lung cancer is the paradigm of a tobacco-induced malignancy, host-specific factors modulate susceptibility to tobacco carcinogenesis. Variations in DNA repair may influence the rate of removal of DNA damage and of fixation of mutations. To test the hypothesis that genetically determined DNA repair capacity (DRC) modulates lung cancer susceptibility, we conducted a pilot case-control study of 51 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated lung cancer and 56 controls identified from local community centers and frequency matched to the cases on age, sex, and ethnicity. The subjects were ascertained and interviewed for an ongoing molecular epidemiological investigation of lung cancer susceptibility. We measured DRC in the subjects' peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the host-cell reactivation assay, which measures cellular reactivation of a reporter gene damaged by exposure to 75 microM benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide. The mean level of DRC in cases (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in controls (5.1%) (P < 0.01). Only nine cases (18%) had DNA repair levels greater than the median value of repair in the controls. This median level of DRC in controls was used as the cutoff value for calculating the odds ratios. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status, the cases were five times more likely than the controls to have reduced DRC (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-15.7). Younger cases (< 65 years) and smokers were more likely than controls to have reduced DRC. These findings suggest that individuals with reduced DRC are at an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
An Exploration of Firm Performance Factors in Family Businesses: Do Families Value Only the "Bottom Line"?

Achieving the founder's vision is considered one of the most important organizational objectives for the continued survival and success of family firms. Yet, family dynamics is usually recognized as one of the main causes as to why less than one third of family businesses survive into the second generation of ownership. Contradicting this, others have found that family firms succeed as a result of the strong family ties that bind them. Thus, it appears that family-run firms are a rich mix of complex and interesting themes at play at any one time. Given this rather unsettled portrait of family businesses, we explore the factors of success for these types of businesses framed around the notion that families might value non-financial performance measures over hard "bottom line" results depending on extant family conditions.
Cutaneous sensitization to blue-green algae.

Abstract 1.1. A case history is presented in which a child developed an erythematous-papulo-vesicular dermatitis of the exposed portions of the body on swimming in a lake containing a "water bloom" of blue-green algae. 2.2. The patient was found to have an allergic contact type dermatitis due to cutaneous sensitivity to phycocyanin, the blue pigment found in Anabena.
Update on histologic classification of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Given the recent advances in personalized medicine in lung cancer that are mostly observed in adenocarcinomas, an international multidisciplinary group of lung cancer specialists has recommended a new sub-classification of resected adenocarcinomas, and a histologic classification in small biopsies and cytologic material that constitutes the majority of specimens. Whereas the classification of adenocarcinomas has been shown to have better correlation with prognosis than the current WHO classification, it has brought many questions that need to be addressed. In order to further classify poorly-differentiated NSCLC while preserving tissue for molecular testing in small samples, a minimal 2-marker panel of immunohistochemistry (TTF-1 and 63/p40) has been recommended. In the current WHO classification, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma categories include several variants, some of which are based solely on cytomorphologic features and do not appear to have biologic significance. Thus, a new, biology-based sub-classification is also warranted in those categories.
Theoretical considerations concerning the Z 0 mass

We compare two previously introduced theoretical definitions of the {ital Z}{sup 0} mass and show that one of them, frequently used, is gauge dependent in {ital O}({alpha}{sup 3}) in a wide class of gauges and in {ital O}({alpha}{sup 2}) in the complementary class. We then discuss a slightly modified version that circumvents these problems, is endowed with desirable theoretical properties, and can be identified with the mass measured at the CERN {ital e}{sup +}{ital e{minus}} collider LEP. The simple formulation that emerges is applied to illustrate properties of the physical amplitude, related to gauge invariance, and the role played by the two definitions of mass.
Purification and Mass Spectrometric Identification of GA-binding Protein (GABP) as the Functional Pituitary Ets Factor Binding to the Basal Transcription Element of the Prolactin Promoter

The Ets-binding site within the basal transcription element (BTE) of the rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter is critical for both basal and growth factor-regulated rPRL gene expression. Here we report the purification and identification of the factor that binds to the BTE. This factor was purified from GH3 pituitary nuclear extracts using ammonium sulfate fractionation, heparin-Sepharose and Mono Q chromatography, and BTE-affinity magnetic beads. We purified two proteins of 57 and 47 kDa and identified the 57-kDa protein by mass spectrometry as the Ets factor GABPalpha. Western blot analysis identified the 47-kDa protein as GABPbeta1. Co-transfection of dominant-negative GABPbeta1 blocks prolactin promoter basal activity by 85-88% in GH3 cells in the presence or absence of FGF-4. Additionally, expression of wild-type GABPalpha/beta1 selectively activates a minimal BTE promoter 24-28-fold in GH3 cells, and this activation is dependent on the Ets-binding site. Finally, small interfering RNA depletion of GABP in GH3 cells results in the loss of prolactin protein. Thus, we have identified GABPalpha/GABPbeta1 as a critical and functionally relevant Ets factor that regulates rPRL promoter activity via the BTE site.
Contact formation by fibroblasts adhering to heparan sulfate-binding substrata (fibronectin or platelet factor 4)

The process of cell-substratum adhesion of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on fibronectin (FN)-coated substrata was compared with that of cells adhering to substrata coated with the heparan sulfate (HS)-binding protein, platelet factor four (PF4). FN has binding domains for HS and an unidentified cell surface receptor, whereas PF4 binds to only HS on the surface of the cell. The attachment and early spreading sequences of cells on either substratum were similar as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Within 2 h of spreading, cells on FN developed typical fibroblastic morphologies, whereas those on PF4 lacked polygonal orientations and formed numerous broadly spread lamellae. Interference reflection microscopic analysis indicated that PF4-adherent cells formed only close adhesive contacts, whereas FN-adherent cells formed both close contacts and tight focal contacts. Cells on either substratum responded to Ca2+ chelation with EGTA by rounding up, but remained adherent to the substratum by relatively EGTA-resistant regions of the cell's undersurface, demonstrating that cell surface HS by binding to an appropriate substratum is capable of initiating a Ca2+-dependent spreading response. The EGTA-resistant substratum-attached material on PF4 was morphologically similar to that on FN, the latter of which was derived from both tight focal contacts and discrete specializations within certain close contacts. These studies show that heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of these cells can participate in the formation of close contact adhesions by binding to an appropriate substratum and suggest that sub-specializations within close contact adhesions may evolve into tight focal contacts by the participation of an unidentified cell surface receptor which binds specifically to fibronectin but not to PF4. In addition, the functional role of FN in tight focal contact formation is demonstrated.
Operation Storefront Observations of Tobacco Retailer Advertising and Compliance With Tobacco Laws

Almost 90% of tobacco users began the habit as teens. Despite the Master Settlement Agreement with states, the tobacco industry has increased its marketing efforts among tobacco retailer outlets su...
Collective creep of vortex bundles in YBa2Cu3O7 crystals.

We present evidence for the crossover between creep of individual vortices and collective creep of vortex bundles from measurements of the relaxation of the persistent currents in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ single crystals over long periods of time. In the single-vortex regime at low fields the relaxation is fast and is characterized by an exponent \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.16, as predicted in the collective-creep scenario. With increasing field, collective bundling of vortices induces a slowdown of the relaxation, with a maximum \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.4. At even higher fields, \ensuremath{\mu} decreases again to about 1 as the size of the bundles grows.
De novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b primarily mediate the cytotoxic effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.

The deoxycytidine analog 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine (5-aza-dC) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent effective against selective types of cancer. The molecular mechanism by which 5-aza-dC induces cancer cell death, however, is not fully understood. It has been accepted that the mechanism of toxicity is due to the covalent binding between the DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) and 5-aza-dC-substituted DNA. In order to define which member of the Dnmt family plays a dominant role in the cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of 5-aza-dC on cell growth and apoptosis in various Dnmt null mutant embryonic stem (ES) cells. Of interest, Dnmt3a–Dnmt3b double null ES cells were highly resistant to 5-aza-dC when compared to wild type, Dnmt3a null, Dnmt3b null, or Dnmt1 null ES cells. The cellular sensitivity to 5-aza-dC correlated well with the expression status of Dnmt3 in both undifferentiated and differentiated ES cells. When exogenous Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b was expressed in double null ES cells, the sensitivity to 5-aza-dC was partially restored. These results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of 5-aza-dC may be mediated primarily through Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b de novo DNA methyltransferases. Further, the ability to form Dnmt-DNA adducts was similar in Dnmt1 and Dnmt3, and the expression level of Dnmt3 was not higher than that of Dnmt1 in ES cells. Therefore, Dnmt3-DNA adducts may be more effective for inducing apoptosis than Dnmt1-DNA adducts. These results imply a therapeutic potential of 5-aza-dC to cancers expressing Dnmt3.
The Constituent Minerals in Calcium-Aluminum Inclusions: Spectral Reflectance Properties and Implications for CO Carbonaceous Chondrites and Asteroids

Abstract The reflectance spectra of the major constituent minerals of calcium aluminum inclusions (CAIs) have been measured to determine which minerals contribute to CAI reflectance spectra. Spinel appears to be the most significant phase because of its widespread presence in different classes of inclusions and chondrules and its higher ferrous iron content compared to other inclusion phases. Spectra of CAI phases such as perovskite and grossular are nearly featureless spectrally, while melilite, fassaite, and plagioclase feldspar are more weakly featured than spinel. Measured reflectance spectra of CAIs indicate a widespread and generally intense absorption feature in the 2-μm region attributable to minerals containing ferrous iron in tetrahedrally coordinated sites, primarily spinel. CO carbonaceous chondrite reflectance spectra exhibit the clearest spectral evidence for CAI absorption features, suggesting that asteroids with CO type surface mineralogies (or ∼10% CAIs on their surfaces) may be spectrally detectable if the CAIs are optically isolated from the dark matrix. Telescopic reflectance spectra of the K class asteroid 221 Eos show no clear evidence for CAI absorption features. Telescopic reflectance spectra of the anomalous S class asteroids 387 Aquitania and 980 Anacostia can be interpreted as indicating the presence of a chondritic assemblage enriched in minerals which constitute CAIs, such as spinel, or as achondritic chromite-rich assemblages similar to some unique meteorites.
Semi-empirical Xα calculations in the vibronic framework. C2H+4 and H2O+ geometries☆

Abstract Linear electronic-vibrational coupling constants and equilibrium geometries of the 2 B 1 , 2 A 1 , and 2 B 2 states of H 2 O + and the 2 B 3u and 2 B 3g states of C 2 H + 4 are calculated with a semi-empirical Xα theory and compared to Hartree-Fock and experimental results.
Equilibrium properties of indium and iodine in LWIR HgCdTe

The equilibrium properties of indium and iodine HgCdTe are calculated from ab initio methods and compared with experimental results. Indium, a group III element, is found to substitute exclusively on the group II sublattice, behaving as a singly ionizable donor throughout the existence region. Indium forms a neutral bound complex with a cation vacancy, and although this complex accounts for less than 1% of the indium incorporation at the temperatures considered >250°C, it will be important in the diffusion of the indium. Iodine, a group VII element, is found to substitute on the group VI sublattice, also behaving as a singly ionizable donor throughout the existence region. Iodine is found to bind strongly to the cation vacancy, and this neutral complex dominates the incorporation under mercury-deficient conditions. Even under near mercury-saturated conditions, at low temperature the complex is still present in significant concentrations. Although iodine incorporation on the cation sublattice is predicted, it never represents a significant source of inactive incorporation.
The rice blast pathosystem as a case study for the development of new tools and raw materials for genome analysis of fungal plant pathogens

Fungi have an astounding and diverse impact on this planet. While they are agents of human diseases and the cause of allergic reactions, factories for the conversion of carbon in environmental and industrially adapted systems, and potential biological weapons, their importance as plant pathogens is unparalleled. In plants alone, fungi cause tens of thousands of different diseases and are responsible for massive losses of food, fiber and forestry at an estimated annual cost of hundreds of billions of dollars. These losses are not only realized in the incomes of individual farmers and state economies, but contribute significantly to world hunger problems and issues relating to safeguarding a global food supply. Our collective understanding of how fungi, particularly plant pathogens, grow, reproduce, identify a host and cause disease is still at a formative stage. There is an equal lack of detailed knowledge about how a plant recognizes that it is being attacked and then mounts an adequate defense response. The advent of genomic technologies has given researchers an unprecedented opportunity to address these mysteries in a powerful and more holistic manner. Where the genetic revolution of only a few years ago allowed for the characterization of single genes, today's genomic technologies are facilitating the evaluation of the entire complement of genes in an organism and the discovery of the suites of genes that act during any one time or particular condition. This review will describe the recent development of tools for whole or partial genome analysis and multigenome comparisons. Th discussion focuses on the rice blast pathosystem as a case study.
Transcarbamylase activity in fetal liver and in liver of partially hepatectomized parabiotic rats

Abstract Carbamyl phosphate-aspartate transcarbamylase (aspartate transcarbamylase) has been measured in livers of embryonic rats and guinea pigs. The levels of enzyme activity were found to be highest in the earliest fetal livers and to decrease during development to low levels of the adult animal. In case of the rat, early fetal liver was found to have 5.7 times the specific activity of aspartate transcarbamylase found in adult liver. Aspartate transcarbamylase activity in intact and regenerating liver of partially hepatectomized single, parabiotic pairs, and a parabiotic triplet has been measured. The level of aspartate transcarbamylase activity has been found to rise not only during regeneration of the partially hepatectomized livers but also in the intact livers of the parabiotic animals. The level of carbamyl phosphate synthetase was found not to change significantly during liver regeneration in contrast to the level of ornithine tranacarbamylase, which was found to decrease as much as 40% 120 hours after partial hepatectomy. The significance of an increase in aspartate transcarbamylase with a concomitant decrease of ornithine transcarbamylase during regeneration of liver is discussed in terms of the regulatory role of these enzymes in growth and differentiation. Attempts to influence the level of aspartate transcarbamylase activity in regenerating liver of rats by injection of different pyrimidine derivatives and precursors revealed no significant effect except possibly in the case of orotic acid.
Magnetostriction in some magnetic oxide compacted powders

Magnetostriction measurements have been made on a series of compacted powder samples of oxide pigments used in magnetic recording, to provide information for the evaluation of the role of magnetostriction in the recording process. Two composition series were measured at 294 K: one from γFe 2 O 3 through a range of partial reductions to Fe 3 O 4 , and another from 0 to 4 at. % Co in γFe 2 O 3 ; also samples of CrO 2 . In addition, a 2 at. % Co-doped Fe 3 O 4 powder was measured as a function of field and temperature from 77 to 300 K. Magnetostriction was measured using a semiconductor strain gage on a rotating sample, in fields up to 9 kOe.
Laser Raman scattering applications

The advent of laser sources, better optical instruments, and photon counting techniques has put Raman scattering within the range of a number of practical uses. The measurement of densities and temperatures has been demonstrated in numerous laboratory and field situations. In this paper, we consider the factors that determine the feasibility of Raman scattering measurements. The compromise between accuracy and time resolution is discussed in terms of desirable applications to short-lived processes (turbulence, kinetics, etc.).
A new estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol solvate: estradiol–methanol–water (3/2/1)

The title solvate of the steroid 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) with methanol and water, C(18)H(24)O(2).0.67CH(4)O.0.33H(2)O, is the first E(2) derivative to contain three crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The three steroid molecules, along with two methanol molecules and a water molecule, create a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded system. Three-sided columns are formed, with the estradiol molecules aligned lengthwise parallel to (101), and joined by solvent molecules at both hydrophilic ends. The three estradiol molecules differ slightly in their ring-bowing angles, i.e. the angle between the mean plane of the A ring and that of the BCD ring; this angle ranges from 7.1 to 12.2 degrees.
Effects of membrane fluidity on [3H]TCP binding to PCP receptors.

Phencyclidine (PCP) binds with high affinity to the ion channel associated with the NMDA receptor. The binding of the PCP receptor-specific ligand TCP is greatly reduced at temperatures between 2°C and 6°C, at which the plasma membrane is in a rigid state. However, membrane rigidity alone does not appear to cause the reduced TCP binding, since the membrane fluidizing agent A2C did not increase TCP binding at 4°C; instead, it decreased binding at 21°C. This inhibitory effect of A2C on TCP binding was dose dependent and was highly correlated with A2C-induced increases in membrane fluidity. The IC50 of A2C inhibition was 8.9 mM, with a pseudo-Hill coefficient of −0.24. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that this effect was the result of an increase in the apparentK d of [3H]TCP for the PCP receptor, with no effect on theB max. These results suggest that the function of the NMDA-PCP receptor complex is impaired by increases in membrane fluidity. These findings may be pharmacologically relevant in understanding the mechanism of action of such agents as general anesthetics and ethanol, which cause increases in plasma membrane fluidity.
Effect of superfluous remote polar functionality on chiral recognition

Abstract During the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers on chiral stationary phases (CSPs), non-specific adsorption processes diminish the observed enantioselectivity. The role of those polar groups in the analyte which are not specifically required for chiral recognition was investigated. A series of racemic analytes bearing various non-essential polar groups spatially removed from the sites of chiral recognition were synthesized and chromatographically evaluated. Four scenarios for the interaction of these remote polar groups with the CSP were considered and used to rationalize experimental findings. Cases were observed where enantioselectivity decreased, increased or remained the same on incorporation of a remote polar group.
Carotid ligation in the rat

The effects of unilateral carotid ligation on physiological regulation and learning were studied in laboratory rats. Body weight, water intake, and T-maze performance were not significantly different from that of sham-operated animals. Cannulation of the carotid artery is, therefore, a useful laboratory tool with few undesirable side effects.
Lattice QCD: Going beyond the mass spectrum

The present status of lattice measurements with fermions is discussed. Methods are presented which improve the extraction of particle masses using staggered fermions. It is suggested that fermion physics on blocked lattices might show improvement as compared to that on lattices generated with the Wilson action. This idea is tested by comparing results from 183×42 lattices generated atβ=6.2 with results from the 63×14 lattices obtained from them by twice blocking with a 31/2 transformation. Also, a comparison of 83×16 blocked and Wilson axis lattices is made. Finally, three point correlators are used to elucidate the properties of the scalar isoscalar channel.
Library-based clinical and translational research support

There has been a shift in the workflow at academic biomedical research and clinical care centers to promote more efficient clinical and community implementation of bench discoveries. Strong financial support for this effort is provided by the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), awarded to about sixty biomedical research institutions constituting the CTSA Consortium [1]. CTSAs offer an opportunity to speed the translation of bench discoveries to improved human health by transforming the
Step-closing pressing of medium density fiberboard; Part 1. Influences on the vertical density profile

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is one of the most rapidly growing composite board products available in the market. A key product attribute of MDF is the density profile through the panel thickness. A superior MDF panel for laminating, gluing and finishing should have an unbalanced density profile, in which the face density is considerably higher than the core density. The homogeneous core of MDF makes it especially suitable for embossing, moulding, and general machining. A uniform density throughout the panel thickness results in better fastening properties. A step-closure schedule to change the density profile of lab-made MDF panels is presented. MDF mats were pressed using eight different step-closure schedules. Our in-press density monitoring system was used during pressing to provide additional information about the formation of the density profile. The effects of step-closure on the density profile formation are discussed. The step-closure schedules significantly changed the traditional shape of the vertical density profile of the laboratory, made MDF panels. The step-schedules resulted in multiple densification peaks rather than the traditional two peaks associated with conventional pressing. The step-schedules resulted in increased core density, which was greater than the face density. Comparison is made to traditional MDF closing schedules and OSB step-closing schedules.
Measures and meaning in comparisons of wealth equlality

How communities distribute wealth is one aspect for judging the performance of economic systems. Many inequality measures exist. Precentiles, Gini coefficients, and statistical pattern measures each rest on different concepts about what equality and inequality mean. Wealth distribution data from 55 communities are compared relative to Gini coefficient, kurtosis, and coefficient of variation. These data show no community with perfect equality. Most communities have some inequality. The general pattern is for wealth inequality to increase with the development of market and mechanized industrial economies.
One-loop QCD and Higgs bosons to partons processes using six-dimensional helicity and generalized unitarity

We combine the six-dimensional helicity formalism of Cheung and O'Connell with $D$-dimensional generalized unitarity to obtain a new formalism for computing one-loop amplitudes in dimensionally regularized QCD. With this procedure, we simultaneously obtain the pieces that are constructible from four-dimensional unitarity cuts and the rational pieces that are missed by them, while retaining a helicity formalism. We illustrate the procedure using four- and five-point one-loop amplitudes in QCD, including examples with external fermions. We also demonstrate the technique's effectiveness in next-to-leading order QCD corrections to Higgs processes by computing the next-to-leading order correction to the Higgs plus three positive-helicity gluons amplitude in the large top-quark mass limit.
Singular Perturbation and the Energy of Folds

in two space dimensions. We introduce a new scheme for proving lower bounds and show the bounds are asymptotically sharp for certain domains and boundary conditions. Our results support the conjecture, due to Aviles and Giga, that folds are one-dimensional, i.e., \nabla u varies mainly in the direction transverse to the fold. We also consider related problems obtained when (1-|\nabla u|2)2 is replaced by (1-δ2 ux2 - uy2)2 or (1-|\nabla u|2)2γ .
"Inflation, Wealth And The Real Rate Of Interest"

Mundell obtains this result by postulating stable flow demands for assets, whereas â€” as is argued here -- saving and investment arise from an inequality between actual and desired asset stocks. The model developed in this paper will include both the stock and flow demands for assets and demonstrates that inflation will permanently alter the real interest rate only if it can change the desired stock of capital.
Deformed graptolites, finite strain and volume loss during cleavage formation in rocks of the taconic slate belt, New York and Vermont, U.S.A.

Abstract An analysis of graptolites in the Taconic slate belt of eastern New York and western Vermont (U.S.A.) shows that they are nearly ideal strain markers. For the three species used in this study, Orthograptus whitfieldii , Orthograptus calcaratus and Climacograptus bicornis , the spacing of thecae is constant except for the first five or so thecae in the proximal part of the fossil rhabdosome. Further, the thecal apertures are perpendicular to the long axis of the stipe. Observations of the thecal spacing in deformed rocks leads to a determination of extension ( e =( l f − l 0 )/ l 0 ) and a measure of the angle between thecal aperture and stipe axis yields a direct determination of angular shear strain. In practice, we find it is most straightforward to use length changes to determine the magnitude of principal strains. In Taconic slates, e 1 ranges from 1.0 to 0.24, e 2 ranges from 0.23 to −0.43 and e 3 ranges from −0.56 to −0.74. Thus, we find that the absolute finite strain in these slates is constrictional at three sites, plane strain at another and a true flattening at only one site. An examination of volume changes based on strain results in determinations of between 81% volume loss and 7% volume gain, with volume losses between 28% and 81% in 9 out of 10 calculations. These conclusions are in accord with previous determinations of volume loss based on reduction spot analyses and are consistent with the observation that pressure dissolution was a common grain scale deformation process in cleavage formation but that these slates lack abundant veins, fibrous overgrowths or other identifiable sites of reprecipitation.
Collagen shield drug delivery: Therapeutic concentrations of tobramycin in the rabbit cornea and aqueous humor

Abstract Collagen shields made of porcine collagen were placed in a solution containing tobramycin sulfate (40 or 200 mg/ml) for five minutes, then applied to rabbit eyes. One, four, or eight hours after application, the corneas, aqueous humor samples, and shields were assayed for antibiotic. At all intervals, the concentration of antibiotic in the corneas and aqueous humor samples exceeded the mean inhibitory concentration for tobramycin, as determined for most strains of Pseudomonas . Shields immersed in 200 mg/ml tobramycin produced significantly higher concentrations of antibiotic in the cornea at one hour than subconjunctival injections of tobramycin (20 mg) ( P .0001). Shields immersed in 40 mg/ml tobramycin produced higher, although not significantly higher, concentrations of antibiotic in the cornea at one hour than subconjunctival injections of tobramycin (20 mg) ( P = .318). Shields immersed in commercially available tobramycin drops or injectable tobramycin solution (40 mg/ml) caused no epithelial damage visible by slitlamp examination. Collagen shields containing antibiotics can serve as a vehicle for drug delivery and may prove superior to current methods for preoperative and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the initial treatment of bacterial keratitis.
Designs and partial geometries over finite fields

Let \(\mathbb{F}\) be a finite field, and let (ℙ, B) be a nontrivial 2-(n, k, 1)-design over \(\mathbb{F}\). Then each point α∈ℙ induces a (k−1)-spread Sα on ℙ/α. (ℙ, B) is said to be a geometric design if Sα is a geometric spread on ℙ/α for each α∈ℙ. In this paper, we prove that there are no geometric designs over any finite field \(\mathbb{F}\).
Composing locks by decomposing deadlocks

The evolution of processor architectures from multi-core to many-core requires programmers to use concurrency to achieve performance. Unfortunately, shared memory parallel programs are difficult to implement correctly, and so is detecting concurrency bugs (e.g., data races, deadlocks, order violations, atomicity violations). In practice, the most common concurrency bugs are a) data races that arise due to unguarded or improperly guarded memory updates and b) deadlocks that arise due to circular dependencies among locks. While data races can be ameliorated by appropriate synchronization (a challenging problem in itself), deadlocks require fairly complex deadlock avoidance techniques, which may fail when the order of lock acquisitions is not known a priori. Furthermore, due to the potential for deadlocks, programmers cannot arbitrarily compose lock based codes without knowing the internal locking structure. Hence, composability is limited by deadlocks. The goal of this research is to achieve composability of lock based codes.
Characteristics of volunteer participants in phase I HIV vaccine trials

This study examines characteristics of volunteers participating in Phase I HIV vaccine trials. An understanding of these characteristics may assist in the recruitment of volunteers for future trials. Volunteer surveys from 232 participants were reviewed. A total of 95% of the volunteers were Caucasian, 69% were heterosexual, and 52% were women. Volunteers ranged in age from 19 to 60 years with a median age of 36. Among the volunteers, 73% knew someone who may have had AIDS or knew someone who was at risk for acquiring HIV. Volunteers cited personal and political reasons for participating in the vaccine trials. No “typical” volunteer was identified, supporting the belief that many factors affect a person's willingness to participate in such situations
Even broken clocks are right twice a day: The utility of models in the clinical reasoning process

The use of cognitive neuropsychological models in rehabilitation has been widely debated among professionals in a variety of disciplines. Some believe that models can be used to develop “model-based” treatment, while others maintain that the role of models in rehabilitation is more limited in scope. Despite the debate, it is widely accepted that models do contribute to the rehabilitation process. While models can assist in clinical decision making, it is important to understand the underlying assumptions of the model and be aware that the “truth” of a model is something we seek and rarely achieve, and this evolution remains a continuing process. This article compares the Praxis Model of Rothi and Heilman () and the Sketch Model of de Ruiter (), highlighting the contrasting underlying assumptions regarding the relationship of gesture and language. The limitations of these models is then used as segue for the discussion of the current debate regarding cognitive neuropsychological models and rehabilitation. ...
Influence of nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone on the biosynthesis of dynorphin and enkephalin in rat striatum.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to obtain direct evidence that the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway modulates the metabolism of striatal dynorphin and [Met5]-enkephalin. This was achieved by repeated injections of apomorphine (APO) or d -amphetamine (AMP) in unilateral nigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Three weeks after a 6-OHDA lesion, dynorphin A(1–8)-like immunoreactivity (DN-LI) and the level of mRNA encoding prodynorphin in the striatum on the lesioned side were decreased compared with the contralateral control side. Activation of DA receptors by 7 daily injections of APO (5 mg/kg, Bid, s.c.), however, caused a large increase (3- to 4-fold of saline control) in striatal levels of DN-LI and prodynorphin mRNA on the 6-OHDA lesioned side, which is far greater than the increase on the contralateral side (2-fold of saline control). Presumably, the potentiated effect of APO in 6-OHDA lesioned rats is due to hypersensitivity of DA receptors resulting from DA denervation. Seven daily injections of AMP (5 mg/kg, Bid, s.c.), a DA-releasing agent, increased striatal DN-LI (187% of saline control) on the non-lesioned side, but not on the 6-OHDA-lesioned side. Taken together, the data indicate that the nigrostriatal pathway exerts a tonic excitatory influence over the biosynthesis of dynorphin and that this influence is not maximal since an additional increase in dopaminergic tone further increases the expression of dynorphin. In contrast, [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in the striatum was increased by a 6-OHDA-lesion (145% of contralateral control), which was blocked by repeated administration of APO but not AMP. These data provide further evidence that dopaminergic transmission is inversely related to the expression of enkephalin in the striatum. In addition, it was found that at least 90% DA depletion was essential to increase striatal enkephalin, suggesting the great compensatory capacity of nigrostriatal DA neurons after damage.
Densities of beneficial arthropods within pear and apple orchards affected by distance from adjacent native habitat and association of natural enemies with extra-orchard host plants

Abstract Beneficial arthropods were sampled using beat trays in 10 pear and 8 apple orchards in Washington and Oregon, USA. One border of each orchard was adjacent to non-agricultural land (extra-orchard habitat). Beneficial arthropods were also sampled on 45 species of plants in extra-orchard habitats adjacent to study orchards. Orchard samples were taken monthly at 2 or 3 distances (depending upon size of the orchard) from the edge adjacent to extra-orchard habitat. An overall mean of 33.8 beneficial arthropods was taken per 26-tray sample (43.8% spiders; 37.8% predaceous insects; and 18.5% parasitoids). In May, July, and August, densities of beneficial arthropods declined significantly as distance from extra-orchard habitat increased. The decline was most evident in spiders and parasitoids; no trend was noted for predaceous insects. Most of the decline occurred between 0–60 and 60–120 m into the orchard, with no significant decline between 60–120 and 120+ m. These results are consistent with the idea that some taxa of beneficial arthropods moved into orchards from extra-orchard habitat. The most common predaceous insects in orchards were Miridae (32.3% of beneficial insects), Coccinellidae (11.1%), Chrysopidae (6.9%), and Hemerobiidae (5.7%). Important parasitoids were Trechnites insidiosus (7.6% of beneficial insects) and Pnigalio flavipes (2.3%). The families Linyphiidae, Salticidae, Oxyopidae, Philodromidae, Theridiidae, and Clubionidae together comprised 87.3% of total spiders. Twenty-two taxa of spiders and 22 taxa of beneficial insects collected in orchards were also collected on plant species outside of the orchards. The predatory insects Orius tristicolor , Deraeocoris brevis , and Nabis alternatus and the spiders Misumenops lepidus and Oxyopes scalaris were collected on the largest number of extra-orchard plant species. Common parasitoids of orchard pests were never collected from extra-orchard host plants.
Microstructural origins of dynamic fracture in 2024 aluminum alloy

Abstract The microstructural aspects of void formation leading to the initiation of spallation have been examined for a commercial aluminum alloy. Metallographic examination of specimens subjected to stress-wave loading conditions has shown that brittle second-phase particles constitute nucleation sites for voids under dynamic loading conditions. The probability of void formation depends on the number of dispersed particles. The ability of the matrix to hinder void growth is affected by solution treatment and is a factor determining dynamic fracture strength.
Cyclic nucleotide levels in normal and biologically fractionated mouse retina: effects of light and dark adaptation.

— The content of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was measured in whole eyes and in normal retinas from C57BL(6)J mice, in receptorless retinas from congenic mice homozygous for the receptor dystrophy gene (rd/rd), and in retinas from mice treated postnatally with monosodium glutamate. Normal retinas contain approx 320 μg of protein: dystrophic (rd/rd) retinas contain approx 110μg of protein, lack rods but possess some surviving cone somata and terminals: glutamate-modified retinas contain approx 200 μg of protein and have both a reduced area and thickness with a marked deficiency of ganglion cells and amacrine cells. In normal mice, more than 90% of the cyclic GMP, but only 607, of the cyclic AMP of the whole eye was in the retina. In normal dark-adapted retinas isolated under dim red light cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP content was 4.1 and 20.2pmol/retina, respectively. The content of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was 40% less, 2.5 and 11.5pmol/retina, respectively, in light-adapted retinas. In dark-adapted retinas isolated under infra-red light, cyclic AMP content was 40%, higher than that in retinas isolated under dim red light; cyclic GMP content was the same under these two conditions. Receptorless retinas contained approx 50% as much cyclic AMP and only 1-2% as much cyclic GMP as normal retinas. Although glutamate-modified retinas also had approx 50% as much cyclic AMP, they contained 60-85%, as much cyclic GMP as normal retinas. Light decreased by 30-50% levels of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in glutamate-modified retinas, but only reduced cyclic nucleotide levels in receptorless retinas by 20%. These data indicate that 95% or more of the cyclic GMP is in photoreceptor cells, whereas cyclic AMP is more evenly distributed throughout the retina. In addition, both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels are influenced by light- and dark-adaptation.
Bohr as a Phenomenological Realist

There is confusion among scholars of Bohr as to whether he should be categorized as an instrumentalist (see Faye 1991) or a realist (see Folse 1985). I argue that Bohr is a realist, and that the confusion is due to the fact that he holds a very special view of realism, which did not coincide with the philosophers’ views. His approach was sometimes labelled instrumentalist and other times realist, because he was an instrumentalist on the theoretical level, but a realist on the level of models. Such a realist position is what I call phenomenological realism. In this paper, and by taking Bohr’s debate with Einstein as a paradigm, I try to prove that Bohr was such a realist.
A synergistic factor of an insect granulosis virus agglutinates insect cells

The synergistic factor (SF), a lipoprotein which enhances in vivo and in vitro baculovirus infections, occurs in the matrix of the occlusion body (capsule) of a granulosis virus of the armyworm,Pseudaletia unipuncta. The SF attaches to certain areas on the surfaces of cell plasma membranes of cultured insect cells, resulting in marked cellular agglutination. The minimal amount of SF detectable by agglutination is approximately 3 μg/ml. Cultured cells of 6 out of 10 insect species in 3 orders are agglutinated by the SF, but not those of 2 mammalian species and the erythrocytes of 8 vertebrate species.
“He Said They’d Deport Me”: Factors Influencing Domestic Violence Help-Seeking Practices Among Latina Immigrants

Significant developments have been made in research on domestic violence experienced by women as well as on the practical front of the services women seek and receive when living with partner abuse. Yet, most of the studies that explore the experiences of victims of partner abuse in the United States have focused on nonimmigrant White women. The current study aims to contribute to the literature by exploring Latina immigrant victims' experiences with domestic violence service outreach in the Midwest. This exploratory study used one-on-one interviews and a focus group to identify the challenges faced by 10 Latina victims of partner abuse who had previously contacted an antiviolence organization in Iowa and had used its services. Findings demonstrate that immigration status and the inability to understand domestic violence within given cultural norms are major barriers keeping Latina victims from seeking help from formal advocacy agencies. Other impediments include feeling shame, isolation, along with the lack of bilingual service providers in mainstream institutions and, the lack of knowledge about resources among newcomers. We end with recommendations for research and practice.
The kinetics of ligand binding for diverse mammalian myoglobins and the effects of substitutions outside the heme cavity

1. We report rate constants for oxygen dissociation and for oxygen, carbon monoxide, azide, and cyanide binding to whale, horse, dog, beef and human myoglobins. 2. For azide binding, rate constants can vary by at least a factor of two for substitutions outside the heme cavity. Azide binding may be affected by a substitution at residue 66 in the E helix, a site suggested by Case & Karplus (1979) J. molec. Biol. 132, 343-368, to be on a reactive path to the heme. 3. The oxygen and CO data show that substitutions outside the heme cavity can affect rate constants by at least a factor of 1.5. 4. The oxygen equilibrium constant was correlated with the metabolite rate of the corresponding species, in accord with the Wyman (1966) J. biol. Chem. 241, 115-121, model for facilitated diffusion of oxygen.