cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specialty Care Medical Homes For People With Severe, Persistent Mental Disorders

The patient-centered medical home concept is central to discussions about the reform of the health care delivery system. Most descriptions of the concept assume that a primary care practice would serve as the hub of the medical home. However, for people with severe and persistent mental disorders, specialty health care settings serve as the principal point of contact with the health care system. For them, a patient-centered medical home in a specialty setting would be the most expedient way to address their urgent health care needs. Among other issues, implementing this idea would mean reimbursement strategies to support the integration and coordination of primary care in specialty settings.
An Ultra Acid Stable Reversed Stationary Phase

We report a new reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) phase with remarkable acid stability using dimethyl(ethylphenylchloromethyl)chlorosilane (1), oligomeric polystyrene (PS), and octylbenzene (C8). This phase Si-1-PS-C8 was prepared using silica modification processes and Friedel−Crafts alkylation chemistry. Under highly aggressive mobile phase conditions, Si-1-PS-C8 exhibited remarkable stability as evinced by only minimal reduction in retention factor (k‘) after 1400 column volumes at pH = 0.5 and 150 °C. The peak shapes for a variety of basic solutes were symmetric using Si-1-PS-C8. Evidence for a highly cross-linked coating of the silica particles was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The remarkable stability of this phase is unparalleled as compared to all other RPLC phases reported to date.
Japan in 2010: Messy Politics but Healthier Democracy

The Democratic Party of Japan9s first full year in office was rocky, with open competition for party leadership sandwiched between diplomatic rows with the U.S. and China. If bumps in the road are inevitable for a new party in government, the Japanese public has made an investment in the long-term health of its democracy.
Endogenous Opioids in the Dorsal Vagal Complex and Resting Cardiovascular Function in the Anesthetized Rat

Opioid peptides and opioid agonists elicit cardiovascular responses which are dependent upon the site of action and receptor specificity. For example, in the rat selective mu-agonists increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) following injection into the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) or dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). However, heart rate (HR) was increased following injection into the NTS but unchanged following injection into the DMV [3,4]. In contrast, kappa-agonists did not elicit consistent changes in MAP or HR following injection into the NTS, but did decrease HR and MAP following injection into the DMV [3,5]. Opioid peptides have also been shown to elicit specific pressor or depressor actions following injection into the NTS and these responses appear to be a function of relative receptor selectivity [10,11].
Inhibition of lipid synthesis by clofibrate: comparative study of human skin, rat skin, and rat liver in vitro.

The effects of clofibrate (ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate) on lipid synthesis by human skin were studied in vitro. The drug was found to inhibit lipid synthesis from [1-14C]acetate or [U-14C]glucose. While the synthesis of all classes of lipids was suppressed, inhibition of sterol synthesis was more pronounced than that of fatty acids and glycerides. By comparison, sodium p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate was less effective as an inhibitor. The addition of glucose to the incubation medium enhanced lipid synthesis from both [1-14C]acetate and [U-14C]glucose. The inhibitory effect of clofibrate could be partially reversed by increasing the glucose concentration in the incubation medium. Rat skin and rat liver were studied similarly, using [1-14C]acetate as a tracer for lipid synthesis, and the inhibitory effect of clofibrate was also demonstrated. Of the three tissues studied, human skin was the most sensitive to the drug and yielded more reproducible results.
Clopidogrel and heart failure survival: missed opportunity or wrong turn?

Despite significant progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases over the past 2 decades, the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and economic impact associated with heart failure (HF) represent a major and growing public health concern ([1,2][1]). Thrombotic
Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus ) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

The federally endangered Duskytail Darter, Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins, is known from only six highly disjunct populations in the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Only four are extant. Variation in morphology including meristics, morphometrics, and pigmentation was examined among the four extant populations and limited specimens from the two extirpated populations (Abrams Creek and South Fork Holston River). Analyses of these data found each of the extant populations is morphologically diagnosable. The few specimens available from Abrams Creek and South Fork Holston River prevented thorough assessment of variation, and these were grouped with their closest geographic counterparts, Citico Creek, and Little River, respectively. Three new morphologically diagnosable species are described: E. sitikuense, the Citico Darter, from Citico Creek, Abrams Creek, and Tellico River (Tennessee River system); E. marmorpinnum, the Marbled Darter, from the Little River and South Fork Holston River (Tennessee River system); and E. lemniscatum, the Tuxedo Darter, from the Big South Fork (Cumberland River system). Each species warrants federal protection as an endangered species.
Serum Thyroxine: Results Compared for a Commercial Radioimmunoassay and a Commercial Competitive Protein Binding Analysis

Two commercial isotopic methods for measuring serum thyroxine—radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding analysis—have been compared with regard to recovery of thyroxine added to sera, within-run and run-to-run reproducibility, and results for patients’ sera. For the latter the relationship is expressed by the equation CPBA = 082 RIA + 0.33. The correlation coefficient was 0.92.
The Problems With Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment.

In 1991, physicians in Oregon developed the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) program to address a specific and substantive problem: due to societal defaults toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and life support absent orders to the contrary, many seriously ill patients receive unwanted resuscitation and hospitalization. By making physicians' orders portable, the original intent of POLST was to provide legal authority for emergency medical services personnel (ie, paramedics and emergency medical technicians) to not attempt CPR for patients who had requested that CPR be withheld. In contrast to advance directives, which provide guidance for clinicians and family members in the future if a patient were to become terminally ill or permanently unconscious, POLST enacts legally valid medical orders for current treatment. More than 30% of patients in Oregon have an active POLST at the time of death,1 and the National Quality Forum has identified POLST as a preferred palliative care practice.2 Seventeen states have implemented POLST statewide or are considering statewide implementation, and another 28 states are in the process of developing a POLST program.3 In addition to orders to attempt or not to attempt CPR (often section A of POLST documents), all state POLST documents now govern, to some extent, the scope of medical treatment to be provided if the patient has a pulse or is breathing (often section B). Common options in section B include comfort measures (which excludes transfer to a hospital), limited treatment (which excludes advanced airway management), and full treatment. All 17 states with fully developed programs include orders regarding the use of mechanical ventilation and artificial nutrition and hydration. Eight of these states also include orders regarding the use of antibiotics. A review of the 28 developing state programs suggests a very similar pattern of covered interventions. In addition to this geographical expansion, POLST has expanded beyond the out-of-hospital setting to emergency departments and other settings. Given the frequency of unwanted medical interventions provided to dying patients that gave rise to the POLST movement, concerted efforts to change the status quo are commendable. However, in this Viewpoint, we suggest that the rapid expansion of POLST programs may distract from the broader social goals of promoting informed decisions about health care options among seriously ill patients and improving the infrastructure needed to deliver high-quality care near the end of life. Given these risks and the dearth of evidence that POLST programs, as currently designed, improve care for the dying, we also suggest: (1)any further implementation of POLST programs be accompanied by a rigorous plan for evaluating their effects on processes and outcomes of care; and (2) any plans to consider POLST completion as a quality metric be halted.
Effects of water, nitrogen and sulfur amendments on cover, density and size of Chihuahuan Desert ephemerals

The generality of the water-limited–nitrogen-regulated plant growth hypothesis for desert ecosystems was tested by applying water, nitrogen and sulfur amendments in a complete factorial design to three Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems. Water was added every 2 weeks at a rate to about double the long-term annual precipitation average of 225 mm and nitrogen and sulfur were added once in May 1983 (10 g/m2). Living-canopy area of all herbaceous plants was measured monthly (from April 1983 to December 1984). Since plants can respond to water and nutrients either by establishing more, but smaller, plants or by growing fewer, but larger, plants, density and plant size were measured (once, in mid-April 1984). Only C3 winter-ephemerals significantly changed in cover, density or plant size in response to the amendments; no significant responses were observed in C4 summer-ephemerals or perennial grasses and forbs. Species that significantly increased in density did not significantly increase in size and vice versa. Water tended to limit the number (richness) and density of species, whereas nitrogen regulated plant growth (size). Sulfur generally reduced soil pH and species density. This study demonstrated that these general plant responses to increased water and nutrients were highly species and site specific.
MANIPULATION OF THE MAMMALIAN EMBRYO

Technological advances in manipulation of mammalian embryos outside the maternal environment have resulted in opportunities for study of preimplantation embryo development, identification of developmental phenomena that are unique to mammals, and further improvement of technology. Mammalian embryos may be cultured in vitro at 37 C for up to several days or they may be stored at -196 C indefinitely. The mammalian embryo possesses the unique capacity to regulate its development and differentiate into a normal individual after being stimulated to incorporate foreign cells or after a portion of its cells are removed. This regulatory ability has proven useful in research dealing with the production of chimeras. It allows genetic copies of an embryo to be produced by dissociation of an early cleavage-stage embryo into its component blastomeres or by bisection of a morula. Production of large sets of identical animals may be possible in the future by serial transplantation of nuclei from one embryo into enucleated ova. Progress has been made in producing unique genetic combinations by manipulation of the pronuclei of fertilized ova. It is also possible in some cases to identify the sex of a living cleavage-stage embryo. Some of these manipulations have been carried out primarily in laboratory mice, but as animal scientists identify beneficial uses in farm animals, these procedures are being extended to embryos of the large domestic species.
Microsecond and nanosecond polyproline II helix formation in aqueous nanodrops measured by mass spectrometry

The 1.5 μs and <400 ns time constants for the formation of polyproline II helix structures in 21 and 16 residue peptides, respectively, are measured using rapid mixing from theta-glass emitters coupled with mass spectrometry. Results from these studies should serve as useful benchmarks for comparison with computational simulation results.
The Current Role of Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Renal Tumors

The role of percutaneous renal mass biopsy has continued to grow in the last decade. The incidence of small (≤4cm) renal masses has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, attributed to increased use of cross-sectional imaging and subsequent discovery of small renal masses that would otherwise go undetected. Despite increased early detection, there has been no change in the mortality rate from renal cell carcinoma over the past 15 years. Many small renal masses are not life-limiting, and imaging lacks specificity in distinguishing malignant from nonmalignant small renal masses. Thus, percutaneous biopsy has emerged as an integral part of the diagnosis of renal masses in order to better guide their management.
Building a machine learning classifier for malware detection

Current signature-based antivirus software is ineffective against many modern malicious software threats. Machine learning methods can be used to create more effective antimalware software, capable of detecting even zero-day attacks. Some studies have investigated the plausibility of applying machine learning to malware detection, primarily using features from n-grams of an executables file's byte code. We propose an approach that primarily learns from metadata, mostly contained in the headers of executable files, specifically the Windows Portable Executable 32-bit (PE32) file format. Our experiments indicate that executable file metadata is highly discriminative between malware and benign software. We also employ various machine learning methods, finding that Decision Tree classifiers outperform Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes in this setting. We analyze various features of the PE32 header and identify those most suitable for machine learning classifiers. Finally, we evaluate changes in classifier performance when the malware prevalence (fraction of malware versus benign software) is varied.
From tumorigenesis to microenvironment and immunoregulation: the many faces of focal adhesion kinase and challenges associated with targeting this elusive protein.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has long been confirmed to have a major role in cancer as it involved in virtually every aspect of tumorigenesis and tumor progression (1,2). Known for being significantly overexpressed in over 80% of solid tumors, and even hematological cancers (3,4), FAK drives tumorigenesis by regulating many of the traditional hallmarks of cancer (5,6). Research continues to demonstrate FAK’s involvement in multiple aspects of cancer, primarily due to the role of FAK as an oncogenic scaffold (7). FAK has docking sites at both the N- and C-termini of the protein, allowing these regions to interact with a multitude of binding partners driving proliferation, survival, invasion/migration, and angiogenesis. As FAK expression is minimal in surrounding normal tissue, these phenotypes are a defining characteristic of FAK overexpression in cancer. Additionally, FAK plays a role in the sequestration of pro-apoptotic proteins (8), the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) (9), the immune response (10), and anoikis (11), all of which demonstrate the importance of FAK as a continually evolving, multifaceted protein in tumor biology.
An experimental study of an airfoil with a bio-inspired leading edge device at high angles of attack

Robust and predictable aerodynamic performance of unmanned aerial vehicles at the limits of their design envelope is critical for safety and mission adaptability. Deployable aerodynamic surfaces from the wing leading or trailing edges are often used to extend the aerodynamic envelope (e.g. slats and flaps). Birds have also evolved feathers at the leading edge (LE) of their wings, known as the alula, which enables them to perform high angles of attack maneuvers. In this study, a series of wind tunnel experiments are performed to quantify the effect of various deployment parameters of an alula-like LE device on the aerodynamic performance of a cambered airfoil (S1223) at stall and post stall conditions. The alula relative angle of attack, measured from the mean chord of the airfoil, is varied to modulate tip-vortex strength, while the alula deflection angle is varied to modulate the distance between the tip vortex and the wing surface. Integrated lift force measurements were collected at various alula-inspired device configurations. The effect of the alula-inspired device on the boundary layer velocity profile and turbulence intensity were investigated through hot-wire anemometer measurements. Results show that as alula deflection angle increases, the lift coefficient also increase especially at lower alula relative angles of attack. Moreover, at post stall wing angles of attack, the wake velocity deficit is reduced in the presence of alula device, confirming the mitigation of the wing adverse pressure gradient. The results are in strong agreement with measurements taken on bird wings showing delayed flow reversal and extended range of operational angles of attack. An engineered alula-inspired device has the potential to improve mission adaptability in small unmanned air vehicles during low Reynolds number flight.
Consumption of Raw Materials by Crafters: Desired Characteristics of Yarn and Retailers

Crafters are reliant upon raw materials in order to create craft projects; however, there is little research focused on understanding how the characteristics of raw materials or the retail environm...
Constant pH Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the pH Regulation Mechanism of Dinoflagellate Luciferase

The bioluminescence reaction in dinoflagellates involves the oxidation of an open-chain tetrapyrrole by the enzyme dinoflagellate luciferase (LCF). The activity of LCF is tightly regulated by pH, where the enzyme is essentially inactive at pH ∼8 and optimally active at pH ∼6. Little is known about the mechanism of LCF or the structure of the active form of the enzyme, although it has been proposed that several intramolecularly conserved histidine residues in the N-terminal region are important for the pH regulation mechanism. Here, constant pH accelerated molecular dynamics was employed to gain insight into the conformational activation of LCF induced by acidification.
Cell electrofusion to improve efficacy and thermotolerance of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana

AIMS The aim of this study was to optimize the potential of Beauveria bassiana through cell electrofusion technique with emphasis on improving its thermotolerance and virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (WFT). METHODS AND RESULTS Nine B. bassiana isolates were tested against western flower thrips, F. occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (WFT) to estimate their pathogenicity and speed of infection under laboratory conditions. The isolates were also exposed to 25, 36, 38 and 40°C, for 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. Two isolates with the highest virulence against WFT and highest thermotolerance were selected and paired using a cell electrofusion technique to obtain a single strain that was both highly virulent and thermotolerant. To determine the hybrid conidia among the fusion cells, each selected isolate was loaded with a different nuclei-staining fluorescent dye before the fusion process. Hybridized fungal strains were acquired by a series of sequential dilutions and were tested for thermotolerance and virulence against WFT. Those that demonstrated both characteristics (high thermotolerance and virulence) similar to or greater than the parental isolates were considered hybrids. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that genetic transformation using cell electrofusion can be used to obtain hybrid isolates of fungal pathogens that contain the desired genes from selected isolates. Further DNA-based analysis is required to determine the genetic variation between hybrids and the parental isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study to demonstrate genetic transformation in B. bassiana by use of cell electrofusion and it could be developed to create superior hybrid isolates with various desired properties for integrated pest management and industrial uses in the future.
Fracture Mechanics of Concrete

Concrete* is produced by mixing water, hydraulic cement, sand, and coarse aggregate. Normal concrete has a low tensile strength (approximately one-eighth to one-tenth its compressive strength) and exhibits limited ductility, especially in tension. Concrete can thus be classfied as a brittle material containing many inherent flaws in the form of air voids and microcracks.
The behavioral control of reproductive physiology

This paper analyzes the behavioral control of reproductive physiology in animals. Like the other articles on behavioral and social determinants of reproductive behavior in this volume, it treats social or behavioral events as the cause and reproductive physiology as the effect. This is the psychosomatic paradigm; it adds a dimension to the articles included elsewhere in the volume in which the physiological mecha nisms controlling behavior are treated as the cause and behavior as the effect.
Converging Trends within the European Union: Insights from an Analysis of Diffusion Patterns

The unification of Europe offers major opportunities for firms providing products and services to the consumer market of nearly 400 million people. To capitalize effectively on these opportunities,...
The effect of isolated nocturnal oxygen desaturations on serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction A majority of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) die of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms responsible for this association are not fully understood. It remains unknown if isolated nocturnal oxygen desaturation (iNOD) could be one of the potential pathways by which the 'inflammatory COPD' phenotype leads to CVD. Objectives We aimed to evaluate if COPD patients who meet the Medicare guidelines for nocturnal oxygen therapy (iNOT+) had higher serum hs-CRP and IL-6 than those who did not meet the guidelines for iNOT (iNOT-). Methods Patients with moderate to severe COPD (ie FEV1 Results A total of 28 patients were included in the study, 8 of whom had more than 5 minutes and 5% of their sleep time spent at oxygen saturation less than 88% and constituted the iNOT+ group. Only serum hs-CRP was significantly higher in iNOT+ than iNOT- (P = 0.050). There was no difference in the rate of COPD exacerbations at one and three months, or five-year survival between the groups (P > 0.3). Conclusion COPD patients who have more than 5 minutes and 5% of their sleep time spent at oxygen saturation less than 88% have increased hs-CRP, which is associated with increased risk of future CVD.
Greeted with a Shrug: The Impact of the Community Design System on United States Law

In an era of increased harmonization of intellectual property laws worldwide, the United States’ treatment of product design looks like an anomaly. Since the European Community Design System went into effect in 2002, advocates in the US have urged Congress to follow suit and adopt sui generis design protection, particularly for fashion. The US Congress, however, has resisted the call and left design protection to the existing standards of trademark, copyright and design patent law. This Chapter explores some of the reasons that the Community Design System has had so little purchase in US debates over design. The rejection of design rights has resulted from both substantive and pragmatic concerns. The substantive concerns include the utilitarian tradition of US intellectual property law, with its ostensible preference for competition over exclusivity; as a practical matter, definitional problems, enforcement concerns, and political economy considerations have also played a role. The absence of sui generis design protection does not, however, mean an absence of legal protection for design. Despite its practical and theoretical hurdles, there is broad intuitive appeal to the notion that creative designers deserve some form of protection against copying. At times, this has led courts to find outlets for design protection under copyright and trademark/unfair competition law. Design patent law, moreover, which saw little action through the twentieth century, has recently emerged as a popular form of protection for certain types of design. These developments have reduced the perceived urgency of the call for sui generis rights; together with the philosophical and practical concerns discussed above, they help to explain why the calls for a US version of the Community Design System have gone unanswered.
356 THE EFFECT OF FRACTIONAL PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS ON TOPICAL DRUG PENETRATION.

Fractional photothermolysis (FP), a recently developed method of laser resurfacing, creates microscopic thermal wounds at specific depths in the dermis. Each of these microscopic wounds stimulate a therapeutic response and trigger dermal collagen production, while remaining surrounded by areas of uninjured tissue. These regions, known as microscopic treatment zones (MTZs), are characterized by small wound sizes and short migratory paths for kerotinocytes, thereby facilitating the healing process. Given the mechanism of action of FP, we believe that topical drug penetration may be enhanced following the creation of microscopic holes in the epithelium that occurs during FP treatment. Specifically, this study examines the effect of FP in combination with topical application of drugs known to stimulate collagen production, including the synthetic retinoic acid stereoisomer, tazarotene and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). The efficacy of these agents alone and in combination with FP treatment was determined by staining tissue samples for collagen and elastin from patients treated with the laser, the topical agents, and both treatments. Based on our preliminary studies, which demonstrate systemic absorption of topical anesthetic following FP, we expect enhanced collagen production for those regions treated with the combination of both fractional photothermolysis and topical agents. The results of this study bear significance for a variety of skin disorders, which may be more efficaciously treated with enhanced drug penetration following FP.
Low-cost spray-deposited ZrO2 for antireflection in Si solar cells

Abstract Low-cost spray deposition is employed to investigate the possibility of using earth-abundant ZrO2 as the antireflection coating in Si solar cells. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of spray-deposited ZrO2 films are investigated. Spray-deposited ZrO2 is highly transparent with a refractive index of 2.0 at 600 nm. Reflection and transmission spectra of ZrO2 films reveal that the optical properties of spray-deposited ZrO2 are comparable to SiNx deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Atomic force microscopy studies show that spray-deposited ZrO2 is crack/pore-free and its surface roughness has a root-mean-square value of 0.7 nm for a 75-nm film. Spray-deposited ZrO2 at 550 °C is polycrystalline with a cubic lattice but largely amorphous at 450 °C as determined by X-ray diffraction. Capacitance-voltage measurements indicate that spray-deposited ZrO2 has a negative charge density of 8.19 × 1011 cm−2 for a 75-nm film. Post-deposition annealing results in a significant decrease in oxide capacitance which is attributed to the formation of SiO2 at the ZrO2/Si interface. The resistivity of as-deposited ZrO2 is 3.69 × 1012 Ω-cm and it improves to 2.46 × 1013 Ω-cm after post-deposition annealing in air at 600 °C for 1 h.
Use of the Online Discussion Board in Health Professions Education: Contributions, Challenges, and Considerations

Online discussion boards offer opportunities for individualized and interactive learning in higher education and are frequently used in health professions education. This article investigates the ways in which discussion board activities foster cognitive and affective domain learning among health professions students and contribute to the professional competencies that are required of emerging clinicians. In addition, pedagogical challenges, including the need to develop sophisticated interpersonal affective domain skills, promote problem-based learning, and prepare students for standardized examinations, are addressed. Considerations for practice, which include the importance of specific teaching strategies such as the shaping of student and instructor roles, scaffolding, and online debates and role-playing, are discussed.
Commercial cannabidiol oil contaminated with the synthetic cannabinoid AB-FUBINACA given to a pediatric patient

To the Editor,Cannabidiol (CBD) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration under the name Epidiolex (GW Pharmaceuticals) for the treatment of refractory seizures in Dravet and Lennox–Gastaut s...
Achromatic Broadband Diffractive Lenses for Focusing and Imaging in LWIR

In contrast to conventional bulk optics, achromatic planar diffractive lenses operating in the LWIR (8um-12um) regime has been demonstrated in this work, which provides an efficient way for the development of compact, ultra-lightweight LWIR devices.
Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via suppression of NF-\#312;B pathway in human colon cancer HCT116 cells

4195 Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women and accounts for 10% of all cancers related deaths in the United States. Because of unsatisfactory treatment options for colon cancer, there is a need to develop novel treatment approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is through chemoprevention by the use of non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Delphinidin is the most abundant and major anthocyanidin present in pigmented fruits (pomegranate, berries and dark grapes) and vegetables (egg plant, tomato, carrot, purple sweet potatoes, red cabbage and red onion) and possesses strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of delphinidin on the growth and proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells. As assessed by MTT assay, treatment of cells with delphinidin (30-240 µM; 48 hrs) caused dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) assay indicated that delphinidin treatment (120, 180 and 240 μM; 48 hrs) dose-dependently induced apoptosis by 18%, 35% and 38% respectively. In dephinidin treated cells suppression in the protein expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (116 kDa) and procaspase-3 was observed. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that delphinidin treatment (120, 180 and 240μM; 48 hrs) resulted in a G2/M arrest by 34% 39% and 30% respectively. NF-κB provides a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, and is a major factor controlling the ability of both pre-neoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis-based tumor surveillance mechanisms. We therefore, explored NF-κB signaling pathway. The immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the treatment of HCT116 cells with delphinidin resulted in the inhibition of (i) IKKα, (ii) NF-κB/p65 and (iii) degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα. Immunoblot analysis also indicated that delphinidin treatment of cells resulted in inhibition of translocation of NF-κB/p65. These data were further confirmed by performing electrophoretic mobility shift assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that treatment of cells with delphinidin inhibited NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Our results suggest that delphinidin treatment of HCT116 cells suppresses NF-κB pathway, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. We suggest that delphinidin could be a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling in human HCT116 cells and suggests its potential use as a cancer therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
[DC] Embodied Virtual Avatars and Potential Negative Effects on Implicit Racial Bias

Embodied virtual avatars can powerfully affect a user's behavior. Some changes in behavior can be positive, although some can be negative and unknown to the user. If the presence of stereotypical triggers lead to an increase in implicit racial bias a hypothesis could be made that embodying an immersive virtual avatar could negatively effect a user's implicit bias, this would be a serious cause for concern with regard to the recent emergence of consumer virtual reality. Here I explain a pilot study and potential next steps for my research.
Accelerometry-Based Quantitative Analysis of Mobility in Parkinson Disease (P3.044)

Objective: To identify quantitative measures of mobility that correlate with the severity of Parkinson disease (PD), using a wearable triaxial accelerometer/gyroscope (Dynaport MT; DMT). Background: Gait impairment and postural instability are cardinal features of PD. Quantitative measures of gait and balance using wearable accelerometry-based biosensors allow detailed characterization of mobility. It is unclear if these measures are associated with PD severity. Design/Methods: PD patients at different Hoehn & Yahr (HY) stages performed several gait and balance tasks, including 8 ft walk, timed-up-and-go, and standing with eyes open/closed, wearing the DMT on the lower back. DMT measures analyzed for the 8 ft walk included speed, step and stride regularity, step symmetry, as well as frequency, amplitude, width, and slope of the dominant frequency in the power spectrum. Patients were also assessed using Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMIS), and Older Americans Resource and Services disability scale (OARS). Patients were stratified by disease severity, based on HY stage. Differences in DMT measures between HY stages were assessed for significance using ANOVA. Results: 44 patients (64% male, average age 66.7 ± 9.1) were enrolled, with average motor and total UPDRS of 26.4 ± 10.5 and 41.4 ± 16.5, respectively, and stratified by HY stage (HY 1–2, n=24; HY 2.5, n=10; HY 3, n=6; HY 4, n=4). DMT measures showed more prominent gait impairment with higher HY stages. Speed, step regularity, and width (of the dominant frequency in the power spectrum) were associated with HY stage (p Conclusions: Wearable biosensors enable detailed gait analysis of PD patients during routine visits. Several gait parameters were associated with PD severity. This technology objectively and quantitatively assesses PD severity, and has potential as a novel biomarker for PD progression. Study Supported by: A Claude D. Pepper UM-OAIC Junior Scholar Award to Rainer von Coelln. Disclosure: Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. von Coelln has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schrader has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gruber-Baldini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Savitt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reich has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Best Doctors; UPToDate; enterin. Dr. Shulman has nothing to disclose.
Physician Well-being

1. Paria M. Wilson, MD, MEd* 2. Maneesh Batra, MD, MPH† 3. Kathi J. Kemper, MD, MPH‡ 4. John D. Mahan, MD‡,§ 5. Betty B. Staples, MD¶ 6. Janet R. Serwint, MD** 1. *Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 3. ‡The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4. §Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 5. ¶Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 6. **Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD * Abbreviations: EHR: : electronic health record OR: : odds ratio SMART: : Stress Management and Resiliency Training > Every once in a while in Pediatrics in Review , Editors-in-Chief Bob Haggerty and Larry Nazarian would advise readers to care for themselves. They offered commentaries on such subjects as how to transition to retirement or part-time practice, taking time to reflect on the joy of pediatrics, and stepping out of the office to partake in community events. In the spirit of Dr Haggerty’s and Dr Nazarian’s hope that readers take care of themselves, Pediatrics in Review offers the following review. > > —JZ Clinicians and trainee physicians should be aware of the components of wellness and how to foster them in their daily practice. Interventions have been aimed at the individual and organizational levels. After …
Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnea phenotypes, the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

STUDY OBJECTIVES The bases for sex disparities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is poorly understood. We quantified the influences of event definitions, sleep-state, and body position on apnea-hypopnea indices (AHIs) in men and women, and evaluated sex differences in pathophysiological endotypes. METHODS Polysomnography (PSG) data were analyzed from 2057 participants from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Alternative AHIs were compared using various desaturation and arousal criteria. Endotypes (loop gain, airway collapsibility, arousal threshold) were derived using breath-by-breath analysis of PSG signals. Regression models estimated the extent to which endotypes explained sex differences in AHI. RESULTS The sample (mean 68.5 ± 9.2 years) included 54% women. OSA (AHI4P ≥15/h, defined by events with ≥4% desaturations) was found in 41.1% men and 21.8% women. Compared to AHI4P, male/female AHI ratios decreased by 5%-10% when using 3%-desaturation and/or arousal criteria; p < 0.05. REM-OSA (REM-AHI ≥15/h) was similar in men and women regardless of event desaturation criteria. REM-AHI4P ≥15/h was observed in 57% of men and women each. In NREM, AHI4P in men was 2.49 (CI95: 2.25, 2.76) of that in women. Women demonstrated lower loop gain, less airway collapsibility, and lower arousal threshold in NREM (ps < 0.0005). Endotypes explained 30% of the relative sex differences in NREM-AHI4P. CONCLUSIONS There are significant sex differences in NREM-AHI levels and in physiological endotypes. Physiological endotypes explained a significant portion of the relative sex differences in NREM-AHI. Definitions that use 4%-desaturation criteria under-estimate AHI in women. Combining NREM and REM events obscures OSA prevalence in REM in women.
Photo-stimulated desorption of trimethyl acetic acid on cross-linked (1 × 2) TiO2(1 1 0) probed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract Using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we report site-specific photo-stimulated desorption of trimethyl acetic acid (TMAA) on cross-linked, (1 × 2) reconstructed TiO2(1 1 0). The comparison of the same area reveals that a significant fraction of the adsorbates still remains on the reduced surface even after prolonged UV irradiation in UHV. However, the photo-desorption of TMAA in troughs can be substantially enhanced with the combined exposure to O2. The enhancement of photo-desorption is attributed to co-adsorbed oxygen capturing excess electrons, which can partially screen photo-hole driven reactions of TMAA on the reduced surface. Such impeded photo-reactivity of TMAA is illustrated also with isolated strands on (1 × 1) TiO2(1 1 0), which exhibits much slower photo-desorption, compared to the rest of (1 × 1) surface. Moreover, the restoration of slow photo-reactivity with oxygen treatment suggests that surface can be tuned to control photoreaction of TMAA through reduction and re-oxidation cycles.
Exploring the geography of suicide threats and suicide attempts: An application of Risk Terrain Modeling.

Abstract The purpose of this research is twofold: first, the spatial distribution of 911 emergency calls for service to the police for suicides in progress and threats of suicide in the City of Detroit, Michigan will be explored to determine whether these events exhibit different patterns of spatial clustering. Second, this research will explore the utility of Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) to assist in our understanding of the locations of calls for service to the police related to suicide threats and suicides in progress. The results suggest that these events are different social phenomenon, both with respect to the spatial clustering of these events as well as qualitative differences in the environmental factors that may contribute to their occurrence.
Erratum zu: 58/m mit Sepsis nach Perforation eines Sigmadivertikels

Im ursprunglich veroffentlichten Beitrag wurde eine Angabe zu den Adrenorezeptoren aus Versehen fehlerhaft dargestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass die β2-Adrenozeptoren die Bronchodilatation vermitteln. Die Autoren bitten den Fehler zu …
The Effects of Lifetime Trauma Exposure on Cognitive Functioning in Midlife.

Accumulating evidence suggests that lifetime trauma exposure is associated with adulthood cognitive functioning. However, the nature and extent of this relation have yet to be fully explored. We used multilevel modeling to examine trauma exposure and age at first trauma exposure as predictors of the level of and change in cognitive functioning over a 9-year period. Data were from the Midlife in the United States study, a national survey that began in 1995. Data regarding trauma exposure and age at first exposure were obtained from the 2004 wave, whereas cognitive data were obtained from the 2004 and 2013 waves. The analyses were conducted using data from the 2,471 participants (age range: 28-84 years) who had complete data on all variables from the 2004 wave. Lifetime trauma exposure predicted change in executive functioning (EF), B = -0.03, SE = 0.01, p = .015, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.01]; and episodic memory, B = -0.05, SE = 0.02, p = .023, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.01], such that individuals with more trauma exposure had more decline over 9 years. Age at first exposure also predicted change in EF, B = -0.002, SE = 0.00, p = .009, 95% CI [-0.004, -0.001], such that individuals who were first exposed to trauma later in life had greater EF decline than individuals whose first traumatic event occurred earlier in life. Delta pseudo- R 2 values were moderate, ΔpseudoR2 = .17-.39. These findings identify trauma exposure as a risk factor for cognitive decline in adulthood and highlight the elevated risk associated with adulthood trauma exposure.
El humanitarismo en tiempos de emergencias complejas

espanolEste articulo analiza la evolucion conceptual del humanitarismo en las Relaciones Internacionales (RRII) y la construccion de un regimen internacional humanitario hegemonico. A partir de la arquitectura de este regimen, inicialmente se presentara la gradual estatizacion del humanitarismo, con enfasis en como este proceso fue percibido dentro de la reflexion sobre la accion humanitaria post Guerra Fria y sus consecuencias en la discusion y en la practica humanitaria en el mundo post 11S (2001). En la parte final del articulo se analiza la gobernanza humanitaria, las ideas, intereses e instituciones que permean el sistema humanitario en las RRII y concluye con la evaluacion de los retos sobre la materia a partir del escrutinio de la Cumbre humanitaria mundial de 2016. La metodologia utilizada es la de revision interpretativa de literatura, denominada “critical interpretativa synthesis”, que nos permite explorar el tema en la actualidad y las consecuencias de la participacion interesada del Estado como posible dano colateral al humanitarismo en tiempos de emergencias complejas. EnglishThis article analyzes the conceptual evolution of humanitarianism in International Relations (IR) and the construction of a hegemonic international humanitarian regime. Based on the architecture of this regime, the gradual nationalization of humanitarianism will be presented in the first part, with an emphasis on how this process was perceived within the reflection on postCold War humanitarian action and its consequences in the discussion and in humanitarian practice in the post 9/11 world (2001). The second part of the article delves into the humanitarian governance, the ideas, interests and institutions that permeate the humanitarian system in the IR and concludes with the evaluation of the challenges on the matter based on the scrutiny of the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit. The methodology used is the interpretative review of the literature, called “critical interpretative synthesis”, which allows us to explore the subject at the present time and the consequences of the interested participation of the State. The latter poses a possible collateral damage to humanitarianism in times of complex emergencies.
Abstract P342: Development of a Mixture Model With Smoothing Functions of Trajectories

In the health and social sciences, two types of mixture model have been widely used by researchers to identify heterogeneous trajectories of participants within a population: latent class growth an...
Impossibility of Collusion Under Imperfect Monitoring with Flexible Production

We show that it is impossible to achieve collusion in a duopoly when (1) goods are homogenous and firms compete in quantities, (2) new, imperfect information arrives continuously, without sudden events and (3) firms are able to respond to this new information quickly. The result holds even if we allow for asymmetric equilibria or monetary transfers. The intuition is that the flexibility to respond to new information quickly unravels any collusive scheme and that signals about the aggregate behavior only cannot be used effectively to provide individual incentives via transfers. Our result applies both to a simple stationary model and a more complicated one with prices following a mean-reverting Markov process.
Chlamydia trachomatis vaccines for genital infections: where are we and how far is there to go?

Introduction Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the world. Antibiotic treatment does not prevent against reinfection and a vaccine is not yet available. Areas covered We focus the review on the progress made of our understanding of the immunological responses required for a vaccine to elicit protection, and on the antigens, adjuvants, routes of immunization and delivery systems that have been tested in animal models. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search publication on these topics for the last 5 years and recent Reviews were examined. Expert opinion The first Phase 1 clinical trial of a C. trachomatis vaccine to protect against genital infections was successfully completed. We expect that, in the next five years, additional vaccine clinical trials will be implemented.