cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cocaine alters placental production of thromboxane and prostacyclin

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cocaine alters placental prostaglandin production in vitro. Study Design: Placentas were obtained from healthy women ( n = 6) after normal vaginal delivery at term. Placental explants (300 mg) were incubated in duplicate at 37° C in the presence of 0, 30, 300, or 3000 ng/ml cocaine. Thromboxane and prostacyclin production was measured by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites (thromboxane B 2 and 6-keto-prostagland in F 1α ) at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours. Analysis of variance with Newman-Keuls test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Cocaine increased thromboxane production in a dose-dependent manner ( p p p Conclusion: Cocaine alters the placental production of prostaglandins in vitro, favoring thromboxane production, which may cause vasoconstriction and decrease uteroplacental blood flow.
Damping in structures: its evaluation and treatment of uncertainty

Abstract This paper concerns the damping in structures with emphasis on treatment of inherent uncertainty in its prediction and estimation. Material or structural damping is addressed as well as damping due to the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces of the fluid surrounding the structure. The reported data base on damping information is examined in light of wind sensitive structures that rely heavily on damping for their performance under winds. The basic techniques for estimation of damping from response time histories are reviewed, and the random decrement technique is considered in some detail. The implications of the uncertainty of damping on system response are analyzed in terms of a perturbtion technique, second-moment analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Several simple illustrative examples are provided throughout the text.
A comparative analysis of Eurasian Palaeolithic burials

Abstract The study of variability in archaeological mortuary populations can be informative in view of the tendency for mortuary organization to reflect social organization, even in the case of widely scattered Palaeolithic burials. Data were compiled on 132 Middle and Upper Palaeolithic burials from Europe and Asia. Comparisons of the occurrence of such variables as body position and grave furnishing were made within and between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic groupings, and tested for significance by simple statistical procedures. Significant contrasts were particularly clear between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic groups. Not only did the two samples differ sharply in the treatment of female subjects, but the Upper Palaeolithic burials were found to be generally more variable and complex according to several criteria, implying that the sociocultural systems they represent were also more complex than those of the Middle Palaeolithic.
Measuring remanence anisotropy of hematite in red beds: anisotropy of high-field isothermal remanence magnetization (hf-AIR)

SUMMARY The potential of using high-field anisotropy of isothermal remanence magnetization (hf-AIR) measurements for determining the origin of natural remanent magnetization in red beds and for identifying and correcting possible red-bed inclination shallowing was investigated for specimens of the Carboniferous Shepody Formation of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. The technique makes it possible for a typical paleomagnetic laboratory to measure the remanence anisotropy of high-coercivity hematite. High-field (hf) AIR was used in conjunction with 100 mT alternating field (af) and 120 °C thermal demagnetization to separate the contribution of hematite to the remanence anisotropy from that of magnetite/maghemite and goethite, respectively. A 5-T impulse DC magnetic field was used for the hf-AIR to reset the magnetic moment of high-coercivity hematite so that demagnetization between AIR orientations was not necessary. The ability of a 5-T field to reset the magnetization was tested by generating an isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curve for hematite by using impulse DC magnetic fields up to 5 T in one orientation and followed by applying a field in the opposite direction at each step. Each field application was treated by 120 °C heating and 100 mT af demagnetization before measurement. At 5 T, the difference between the magnetizations applied in opposite directions disappeared indicating that no magnetic memory persisted at this field strength. We performed a validity and reproducibility test of our hf-AIR measurement technique by measuring three specimens multiple times along two orthogonal coordinate systems. The method yielded highly reproducible results and, on rotating the specimen's coordinates, the fabric rotated by 90° as expected, showing that it is not an artifact of the technique. We also measured hf-AIR on samples that had previously been chemically demagnetized in 3N HCl to remove the secondary, chemically grown pigmentary hematite. The hf-AIR fabric of leached samples is similar to that of untreated samples, but shows a better-defined magnetic lineation and imbrication. We interpret the fabric observed for the Shepody Formation to be a compactional fabric that has been reoriented by strain during folding following a flexural-slip model.
Direct determination of the local Hamaker constant of inorganic surfaces based on scanning force microscopy

The energetics involved in the bonding fluctuations between nanometer-sized silicon dioxide (SiO2) probes and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) could be quantified directly and locally on the submicron scale via a time-temperature superposition analysis of the lateral forces between scanning force microscopy silicon dioxide probes and inorganic sample surfaces. The so-called “intrinsic friction analysis” (IFA) provided direct access to the Hamaker constants for HOPG and MoS2, as well as the control sample, calcium fluoride (CaF2). The use of scanning probe enables nanoscopic analysis of bonding fluctuations, thereby overcoming challenges associated with larger scale inhomogeneity and surface roughness common to conventional techniques used to determine surface free energies and dielectric properties. A complementary numerical analysis based on optical and electron energy loss spectroscopy and the Lifshitz quantum electrodynamic theory of van der Waals interactions is provided and confirms quantitatively the IFA results.
Frame-Invariant Polyconvex Strain-Energy Functions for Some Anisotropic Solids:

We present a set of simple sufficient conditions for the polyconvexity and coercivity of strainenergy functions for transversely isotropic and orthotropic elastic solids. The formulation is based on appropriate function bases for the right stretch tensor in the polar decomposition of the deformation gradient and furnishes numerical analysts with a priori existence criteria for boundary-value problems.
Selective Effects of Insulin on Hepatic Epinephrine Responsive Adenyl Cyclase Activity

It was previously shown that prednisolone markedly and selectively reduces hepatic epinephrine responsive adenyl cyclase (ERAC) activity. (Glucagon responsive adenyl cyclase is unaffected.) This effect appears to depend on prednisolone mediated increases in serum insulin levels since: 1) Glucagon or insulin (injected for 6–8 days), each reduce ERAC activity in the normal rat; 2) prednisolone or testosterone fails to reduce ERAC activity in the diabetic rat; 3) Diabetes (alloxan or streptozotocin) elevates ERAC activity and insulin reverses the elevation and reduces ERAC activity levels well below those in the normal rat. We suggest that prevailing serum insulin levels regulate hepatic ERAC activity and that this regulation constitutes an additional link between insulin and glucose metabolism (Endocrinology 90: 1331, 1972)
Regulation of cytosolic calcium by parathyroid hormone and oscillations of cytosolic calcium in fibroblasts from normal and pseudohypoparathyroid patients.

The second messengers for PTH action on fibroblasts have not been determined. The hypothesis that Ca2+ is a second messenger was examined by spectrofluorometric measurement of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) of fura-2-loaded human dermal skin fibroblasts. PTH induced: 1) transient elevations of [Ca2+]i due to both Ca2+ influx and intracellular release which were independent of CAMP generation, and 2) membrane depolarization. PTH treatment of fibroblasts depolarized by KC1 induced oscillations of [Ca2+]i( but spontaneous oscillatory activity was not observed. Transient elevations of [Ca2+]i similar to that induced by PTH were observed with PTH-related peptide (PTHrp). PTH regulation of [Ca2+]i was normal in fibroblasts from patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type la (deficiency of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein, Gs), but PTH induced transient decreases in [Ca2+]i in fibroblasts from patients with PHP type Ib (defective PTH receptor). Both PHP la and Ib fibroblasts exhibited: 1) spontaneous [Ca2+...
A sensor-driven approach to Web-based machining

The objective of this research is to develop a framework named Wise-ShopFloor and the enabling technologies for collaborative manufacturing in a decentralized environment. Particularly, this paper presents our latest development on Web-based and sensor-driven remote machining. Once a product design is given, its process plan and NC codes are generated by using a distributed process planning (DPP) system. The NC codes are then used for remote machining via a standard Web browser and a Java GUI interface running inside the browser. In this paper, the focus is given to the concept, architecture and a prototype implementation of the enabling technology. A case study of a test part machining on a 5-axis milling machine is also completed for testing and validation. It is expected that the developed technology can be applied to design verification via remote machining as well as real part production in a distributed manufacturing environment.
Reactions of the dirhenium(II) complexes Re2X4(dppm)2 (X= Cl, Br; dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) with isocyanides. Part IX. New isomeric forms of the mixed carbonyl-isocyanide dirhenium(II) Complexes Re2 Cl4(dppm)2(CO)(CNxyl) and [Re2Cl3(dppm)2(CO)(CNxyl)2]O3SCF3 The X-ray crystal structure of [(xyl NC)2ClRe(μ-dppm)2ReCl2(CO)] O3SCF3

The monocarbonyl complex Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO) reacts with xylyl isocyanide in acetonitrile to afford the bioctahedral complex (CO)Cl2Re(µ-dppm)2 ReCl2(CNxyl), 2b. This is a different structural isomer from the edge-sharing bioctahedral complex Cl2Re(µ-Cl)(µ-dppm)2ReCl(CNxyl) or this same stoichiometry which A formed when acetone is be reaction solvent. The complex2b reacts with a further equivalent of xylNC in the presence of TlO3SCF3 in dichloromethane to form a red complex of composition [Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2 (CO)(CNxyl)2]O3SCF3. 3, which has the open bioctahedral structure [(xylNC)2ClRe(µ-dppm)2ReCl2(CO)]O3SCF3. This is a third isomeric form of this dirhenium cation: the previously isolated green and yellow forms have edge-sharing bioctahedral structures. Crystal data for3 at 295 K: orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) witha=22.654(5) A,b=22.717(4) A,c=27.324(4) A,V= 14061(7) A3, andZ = 8. The structure was refined to R = 0.059 (R, = 0.134 ) for 14164 data. The Re-Re distance is 2.3833(8) A.
Genetic Analysis of the Endangered Island Endemic Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nutt.) Greene var. nesioticus (Rob.) Kearn. (Malvaceae)

Isozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and ribosomal DNA analyses were used to eval- uate the genetic distinctness and diversity of the endangered island endemic Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus (Santa Cruz Island bush mallow). Analysis of amplified DNA profiles and electrophoretic data indicates that var. nesioticus is genetically distinct from other varieties within the species. No isozyme or amplified DNA variation was detected among individuals of nesioticus populations, but restriction site analysis of ribosomal DNA revealed the presence of three closely related genotypes within one of the nesioticus populations. Apparent clonal structuring was found in both nesioticus populations and in one mainland population, var. nuttallii. Results from these analyses provide the background necessary for the design of conservation efforts with recovery goals that insure the long-term survival of Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus. Anilisis genetico de Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nutt.) Greene var. nesioticus (Rob.) Kearn. (Malvaceae),
Postoperative adhesions: an underappreciated complication of cesarean deliveries

t c i m h l e i A b F t s a i v t o c S a c Cesarean deliveries now account for approximately onethird of all deliveries and represent the most common urgical procedure performed in the United States. Thus, there s a significant need to review the future maternal complicaions following cesarean deliveries (and multiple prior cesaran deliveries), the impact on the fetus, as well as long-term aternal outcomes. These issues are presented in the articles y Dr Lyell on perioperative complications of cesarean delivery nd Drs Clark and Silver on long-term maternal outcomes. An underappreciated concern following cesarean delivery is evelopment of postoperative adhesions. Several reports have dentified the incidence of adhesions following cesarean delivry as 40-65%, with increasing occurrence following repeat esarean deliveries. Interestingly, while the incidence is higher han many obstetricians may have anticipated, it is nonetheess, less than rates identified after another uterine procedure, yomectomy, in which rates are approximately 85% of atients. This raises the question of what accounts for this difference n the incidence of adhesions following surgery on the pregant vs nonpregnant uterus. Possible explanations for the diference may range from aspects of the surgical procedure itself, o anatomical and physiologic factors, to molecular biologic ifferences induced by pregnancy. Regarding the former, cearean deliveries are generally of shorter duration than myoectomies, with possible differences in myometrial (number f layers) and peritoneal closure, suture used, the number of terine incisions, and the use of electrosurgery, as well as use of
3-Deazaneplanocin A induces massively increased interferon-α production in Ebola virus-infected mice

Abstract 3-Deazaneplanocin A, an analog of adenosine, is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus replication. A single dose early in infection prevents illness and death in Ebola virus-infected mice. The ability of this and similar compounds to block both RNA and DNA viruses has been attributed to the inhibition of a cellular enzyme, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH), indirectly resulting in reduced methylation of the 5′ cap of viral messenger RNA. However, we found that the protective effect of the drug resulted from massively increased production of interferon-α in Ebola-infected, but not uninfected mice. Peak interferon levels increased with the extent of disease at the time of treatment, indicating that production was boosted only in virus-infected cells. Ebola virus has been shown to suppress innate antiviral mechanisms of the type I interferon response. 3-Deazaneplanocin A appears to reverse such suppression, restricting viral dissemination. Further development should focus on identifying adenosine analogues that produce a similar effect in Ebola virus-infected primates.
A 45nm SOI embedded DRAM macro for POWER7TM 32MB on-chip L3 cache

Logic-based embedded DRAM has matured into a wide range of ASIC applications, SRAM replacements [1] and off-chip caches for microprocessors [2]. While embedded DRAM has been leveraged in supercomputers such as IBM's BlueGene/L [3], it's use has been limited to moderate performance bulk logic technologies. Although prototypes have been demonstrated [4], DRAM has yet to be embedded on a high performance microprocessor. This paper discloses an SOI DRAM macro implemented on-chip with the IBM POWER7™ high performance microprocessor [5], and introduces enhancements to the micro sense amp (µSA) architecture [6]. This high performance DRAM macro is used to construct a large 32MB L3 cache on-chip, eliminating delay, area and power from the off-chip interface, simultaneously improving system performance, reducing cost, power and soft error vulnerability. Figure 19.1.1a shows an SEM of the 45nm SOI DRAM Device and Deep Trench (DT) capacitor [7]. DT offers 25x more capacitance than planar structures and was also utilized to reduce on-chip voltage island supply noise.
Dose response of carboplatin-induced hearing loss in rats: antioxidant defense system.

Carboplatin, a platinum-containing anticancer drug, is currently being used against a variety of cancers. However, a single high dose of carboplatin is ototoxic in cancer patients. This is the first study to show carboplatin-induced hearing loss in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups and treated as follows: (1) control (saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.)); (2) carboplatin (64 mg/kg, i.p.); (3) carboplatin (128 mg/kg i.p.); (4) carboplatin (192 mg/kg, i.p.) and (5) carboplatin (256 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals in all groups were sedated with ketamine/xylazine and auditory brain-evoked responses (ABRs) were recorded before and 4 days after treatments. The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day and cochleae were harvested and analyzed. Carboplatin dose-dependently decreased body weight. However, at higher doses of carboplatin (192 and 256 mg/kg), there was a significant elevation of hearing threshold shifts at clicks, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kHz tone burst stimuli. The higher doses of carboplatin (192 and 256 mg/kg) significantly increased cochlear lipid peroxidation (132 and 146% of control) and depleted cochlear glutathione levels (66 and 63% of control), respectively. The antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) depressed significantly at higher doses of carboplatin. The data suggest that higher doses of carboplatin (above 128 mg/kg) induce hearing loss as evidenced by significant changes in ABRs, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the cochlea of rats.
Assessing pharmacy workforce issues as the profession arrives at a critical juncture

APhA–APPM Finding your way in times of change The pharmacist labor market has undergone dynamic transformations affecting its growth, including changes in the economy, expansion of pharmacy education, and the introduction of new patient care and prescription benefit models.1 The Pharmacy Manpower Project has seen decreases in the demand for pharmacists during the past decade.2 Therefore, the job market likely is different compared with when many pharmacists were finding their first job after graduation. This new job market gives pharmacists, both recent graduates and veteran pharmacists, an opportunity to assess their career. So, how can you, the pharmacist, find your way in these times of change? As Dr. Seuss tells us, “You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose.”3
Cigarette Experimentation and the Population Attributable Fraction for Associated Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors

Background We, and others, have shown that experimenting with cigarettes is a function of both non-genetic and genetic factors. In this analysis we ask: how much of the total risk of experimenting with cigarettes, among those who had not experimented with cigarettes when they enrolled in a prospective cohort, is attributable to genetic factors and to non-genetic factors? Methods Participants (N = 1,118 Mexican origin youth), recruited from a large population-based cohort study in Houston, Texas, provided prospective data on cigarette experimentation over three years. Non-genetic data were elicited twice – baseline and follow-up. Participants were genotyped for 672 functional and tagging variants in the dopamine, serotonin and opioid pathways. Results In the overall model, the adjusted combined non-genetic PAF was 71.2% and the adjusted combined genetic PAF was 58.5%. Among committed never smokers the adjusted combined non-genetic PAF was 67.0% and the adjusted combined genetic PAF was 53.5%. However, among cognitively susceptible youth, the adjusted combined non-genetic PAF was 52.0% and the adjusted combined genetic PAF was 68.4%. Conclusions Our results suggest there may be differences in genotypes between youth who think they will try cigarettes in the future compared to their peers who think they will not and underscore the possibility that the relative influence of genetic vs. non-genetic factors on the uptake of smoking may vary between these two groups of youth. Impact A clearer understanding of the relative role of genetic vs. non-genetic factors in the uptake of smoking may have implications for the design of prevention programs.
Development and Validation of ReaxFF Reactive Force Field for Hydrocarbon Chemistry Catalyzed by Nickel

To enable the study of hydrocarbon reactions catalyzed by nickel surfaces and particles using reactive molecular dynamics on thousands of atoms as a function of temperature and pressure, we have developed the ReaxFF reactive force field to describe adsorption, decomposition, reformation and desorption of hydrocarbons as they interact with the nickel surface. The ReaxFF parameters were determined by fitting to the geometries and energy surfaces from quantum mechanics (QM) calculations for a large number of reaction pathways for hydrocarbon molecules chemisorbed onto nickel (111), (100) and (110) surfaces, supplemented with QM equations of state for nickel and nickel carbides. We demonstrate the validity and accuracy of ReaxFF by applying it to study the reaction dynamics of hydrocarbons as catalyzed by nickel particles and surfaces. For the dissociation of methyl on the (111), (100), and stepped (111) surfaces of nickel, we observe the formation of chemisorbed CH plus subsurface carbide. We observe that th...
Lifetime overweight status in relation to serial changes in body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The Fels Longitudinal Study.

Objective: The aims were to determine if 1) individuals who became and maintained overweight during their entire lifetime differ from those who were never-overweight in terms of annual changes in adiposity and concurrent changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; 2) the changes and their relationships to each other varied between these groups or by sex within the groups; and 3) alcohol usage, smoking habits, and level of physical activity differed between groups. Research Methods and Procedures: Data from 16,315 examinations of 414 individuals were utilized to assess lifetime overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m2) status. A regressive analytic approach was used to determine the average annual changes for each individual over an adult serial interval ranging from 4 to 20 years. Results: Men and women who have become and maintained overweight have higher blood pressure and a poorer lipid/lipoprotein risk profile than those who have never been overweight. There is an accelerated deterioration in the atherogenic profile of overweight men and women as indicated by annual changes in CVD risk factors about double that of their never-overweight counterparts. In women, increased risk is derived from increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whereas in men the increased risk comes not only from increasing diastolic blood pressure but also cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and, to a lesser extent, decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Discussion: The reduced physical activity observed in the overweight adults may be related to their accumulation of adipose tissue at a rate about double their never-overweight counterparts, and this may be driving the higher rate of increase of CVD risk factors in the overweight groups.
The Kinases MSK1 and MSK2 Are Required for Epidermal Growth Factor-induced, but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced, Histone H3 Ser10 Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation of histone H3 protein at serine 10 is an important step in chromatin remodeling during transcriptional transactivation. IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKK-alpha) and Mitogen- and Stress-activated protein Kinases 1 and 2 (MSK1/2) have been shown to play key roles in the transcriptional regulation of immediate early genes such as c-fos. Interestingly, IKK-alpha and MSK1/2 have also been implicated as histone H3-Ser10 kinases. In this work, we have shown that MSK1/2 are required for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced, but not tumor necrosis factor-induced, histone H3-Ser10 phosphorylation, both globally and at specific promoters. Consistent with this, MSK1/2 are required for optimal immediate early c-fos transcription in response to EGF potentially through control of both H3-Ser10 and promoter-associated cAMP-response element-binding protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, MSK1/2 control EGF-induced IkappaB alpha promoter H3-Ser10 phosphorylation in the absence of elevated transcription. These studies demonstrate the existence of pathway-specific mechanisms to control histone H3-Ser10 phosphorylation and gene expression.
Dissent (B) Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: EPA's weight-of-evidence analysis

Abstract After an extensive review and assessment of the scientific evidence on the respiratory health effects of passive smoking, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the United States presents a serious and substantial public health impact. The Environmental Protection Agency concluded that environmental tobacco smoke causes lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and increases the risk for a variety of noncancer respiratory disorders, especially in children. This article reviews evidence presented in the Environmental Protection Agency's 1992 report on the respiratory health effects of passive smoking and responds to critical allegations levied by Gio Gori in his article ‘Science, policy, and ethics: the case of environmental tobacco smoke’, appearing in the same issue of this journal. Several recent studies appearing since the cutoff date for inclusion in the EPA report are also discussed.
Cowden Syndrome: A Critical Review of the Clinical Literature

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a multi-system disease involving hamartomatous overgrowth of tissues of all three embryonic origins and increased risks for thyroid, breast and possibly other cancers. Benign breast, thyroid, uterine and skin lesions are also common. Approximately 80% of patients with CS have an identifiable germline mutation in the PTEN gene. The majority of the existing data on the frequencies of component clinical features have been obtained from compilations of case reports in the literature, many of which predate the establishment in 1996 of consensus diagnostic criteria. Many of these reports also suffer from ascertainment bias which emphasized the dermatologic features of the disease. This paper presents an overview of Cowden syndrome focusing on a critical evaluation of the major literature on the component cancers, benign features, and molecular findings in CS, noting the limitations of the published data.
The effects of clozapine on delayed spatial alternation deficits in rats with hippocampal damage.

Abstract Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been shown to improve spatial memory in some animal models; however its efficacy in reversing spatial memory impairment in rats with hippocampal lesions is unknown. To address this issue, we tested the effects of clozapine on delayed spatial alternation deficits in rats with hippocampal damage in three separate experiments. In each experiment, adult male rats received sham surgery or direct stereotaxic infusions of the excitotoxin, NMDA, into the hippocampus. In the first study, seven days after surgery, the sham control animals received daily saline injections while the lesioned animals were split into two groups that received daily saline or clozapine (2.0 mg/kg, sc) injections. During the fifth week of injections, all animals were tested in a food-motivated delayed spatial alternation task. Saline-treated rats with excitotoxic hippocampal damage displayed significant deficits in delayed spatial alternation. Daily clozapine injections completely reversed this deficit. In a second experiment, it was found that clozapine treatment limited to the testing days only did not improve alternation performance in lesioned rats. Finally, in a third experiment, chronic clozapine treatment did not improve alternation performance in lesioned rats that were pre-trained in the alternation task prior to surgery. These results suggest that chronic, but not acute, clozapine treatment enables rats with hippocampal damage to develop new spatial learning, but can not rescue old spatial learning established prior to damage. These results may have implications for the treatment of cognitive deficits caused by hippocampal dysfunction in disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and others.
Bonding and polyhedral atomic volumes for the transition metal borides

Abstract The results of Pauling's metallic radii and PAV calculations provide an estimate of effective charges, valences, atomic volumes, and non-integral coordination numbers for a wide selection of rare earth and transition metal binary borides. This uniform treatment suggests that effective charges for the transition metals are generally less than one, and that their valence is lower than the usual Pauling maximum of six. In addition, it was noted that the boron PAV volume was related to the non-isonomicity of the cell and that the use of ƒ orbitals in the BOA technique provides a useful discussion of bonding in some of the rare earth diborides not readily treated by s , p , and d hybridization alone.
Plant Fitness Variation Caused by Different Mutualist Genotypes

This study examined whether mutualism with different genotypes of nitro- gen-fixing symbionts affected relative plant fitness in a natural environment. Amphicarpaea bracteata (Leguminosae) plants from eight populations were paired and transplanted into 86 small plots at a field site. Each 16 cm diameter plot contained three plants from each of two populations, and was inoculated with an isolate of Bradvrhizobium from the native site of one of the two host populations (chosen at random). The total seed biomass produced by plants from each host population within a plot was used as a measure of lifetime reproductive success. For three out of the four sets of paired competitors, there was a highly significant increase in relative fitness when plants grew in the presence of a Bradyrhizobium isolate from their native population. On average, substituting a native for a non-native bacterial genotype caused a 39% increase in seed biomass per plant (range among eight populations, - 13% to + 1 82%). These results indicate that differential compatibility of host and symbiont genotypes can be a significant factor controlling the fitness of competing plants in nature.
Entoderma colletosporium gen. and sp. nov., a unique cuticular fungus infecting Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract A new genus and species of entomogenous Coelomycetes, Entoderma colletosporium, is described from the cuticle of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. It grows only in the endocuticle and epidermis of larvae. Initially unicellular conidia are produced from holoblastic conidiogenous cells in acervuli. Conidia continue to divide after formation and develop into multicelled macroconidia that are enveloped in a mucilaginous sheath. Mounds of white macroconidia persist on the host cuticle despite movement of the host through the soil. Entoderma colletosporium was previously considered to be an early stage of Metarhizium anisopliae infection. We found no evidence that the two species are related taxonomically.
Combining statistical, rule-based, and physiologic model-based methods to assist in the management of diabetes mellitus

Self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose is used by most patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a means of assessing metabolic control. Therapeutic interventions are based on retrospective analysis of glycemic response to various factors, with insulin and diet playing the key roles. We describe a computer system being developed for intelligent automated analysis and interpretation of data relevant to glycemic control. CADMO (Computer-Assisted Diabetes Monitor) is intended to assist health care professionals with the management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. It takes as input glucose values and insulin doses collected via a memory meter by the patient over a period of several weeks. Rule-based logic, statistical methods, and a physiologic model of insulin pharmacokinetics and glucose dynamics are used to help detect meaningful patterns and trends in glucose and insulin data and to suggest approaches for optimizing insulin regimens.
MY APPROACH to clinical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

1016/j.tcm.2014.06.006 sevier Inc. All rights reserved. n PracticeUpdate on June 2, 2014. Republished wi on the individual clinical scenario) may also be enough to consider a patient at risk and offer a primary-prevention ICD. In addition, I obtain a cardiac MRI in all eligible patients because high–spatial resolution imaging provides a very accurate measurement of maximal LV wall thickness, which may be underestimated by echocardiography in some patients. Furthermore, myocardial fibrosis identified by MRI is an emerging risk factor in HCM, and, in patients in whom the risk for sudden death remains ambiguous after assessment with the traditional risk factors, identification of extensive scarring (Z15% of the LV mass) can help resolve complex ICD decision-making. In patients with limiting heart failure symptoms, the presence of LV outflow tract obstruction must be determined so that optimal management strategies can be formulated. If obstruction is not present under resting conditions, then I nearly always pursue maneuvers to provoke for latent obstruction with exercise echocardiography as the preferred method. For patients with outflow obstruction at rest (or with provocation) and limiting heart failure symptoms, medical therapy should be initiated. Beta blockers are generally preferred and are dose-titrated to symptom benefit. Alternatively, calcium channel blockers can be tried, and, in some patients, disopyramide extended release (Norpace CR) can be added to a beta blocker, although this option is often limited by adverse effects. I only recommend invasive septal reduction therapy (myectomy or alcohol septal ablation) in patients with obstruction with drug-refractory advanced heart failure symptoms. If a patient has no evidence of outflow obstruction at rest or with provocation and heart failure symptoms, AV nodalblocking agents can be offered to improve diastolic dysfunction. If patients continue to experience progressive heart failure despite these drugs, then heart transplantation is the only long-term treatment option. If a patient is asymptomatic, there is no compelling role for drug therapy.
Correspondence without correspondence theory: Comment on Haig and Borsboom

Haig and Borsboom advocate for psychological science to adopt a correspondence theory of truth. However, their argument requires a hidden premise that only correspondence theories of truth bring the benefits that they ascribe to correspondence. This premise is not plausible and their argument therefore does not support their recommendation. Additionally, considerations extraneous to Haig and Borsboom’s argument speak in favor of considering alternative theories of truth.
The effects of tissue‐non‐specific alkaline phosphatase gene therapy on craniosynostosis and craniofacial morphology in the FGFR2C342Y/+ mouse model of Crouzon craniosynostosis

Structured Abstract Objectives Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial bones, has traditionally been described as a disease of increased bone mineralization. However, multiple mouse models of craniosynostosis display craniosynostosis simultaneously with diminished cranial bone volume and/or density. We propose an alternative hypothesis that craniosynostosis results from abnormal tissue mineralization through the downregulation of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) enzyme downstream of activating mutations in FGFRs. Material and Methods Neonatal Crouzon (FGFRC342Y/+) and wild-type (FGFR+/+) mice were injected with lentivirus to deliver a recombinant form of TNAP. Mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks postnatal. Serum was collected to test for alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphorus, and calcium levels. Craniofacial bone fusion and morphology were assessed by micro-computed tomography. Results Injection with the TNAP lentivirus significantly increased serum AP levels (increased serum AP levels are indicative of efficient transduction and production of the recombinant protein), but results were variable and dependent upon viral lot and the litter of mice injected. Morphological analysis revealed craniofacial form differences for inferior surface (p = 0.023) and cranial height (p = 0.014) regions between TNAP lentivirus-injected and vehicle-injected Crouzon mice. With each unit increase in AP level, the odds of lambdoid suture fusion decreased by 84.2% and these results came close to statistical significance (p = 0.068). Conclusion These results suggest that TNAP deficiency may mediate FGFR2-associated craniosynostosis. Future studies should incorporate injection of recombinant TNAP protein, to avoid potential side effects and variable efficacy of lentiviral gene delivery.
Definition of the linearity range of Si photodiodes.

The range of linear operation of Si photodiodes is defined relating the two limits of the range to the required precision of the measurement. The two limits are given by the noise equivalent power (NEP) and the maximum permissible deviation in the transition region from linear operation to saturation. Data on the linearity ranges of commercially available photodiodes are given.
Quantitative morphological variation inTetramolopium (Asteraceae) in Hawaii and the Cook Islands

Multivariate analyses of quantitative characters were undertaken to examine the pattern of variation resulting from adaptive radiation ofTetramolopium in Hawaii and to investigate the systematics of an undescribed species in the Cook Islands and a group of populations of uncertain affinity on Kalaupapa Peninsula in Hawaii. Taxa differentiated on quantitative characters in the absence of qualitative characters. Differentiation was observed in multiple characters which could be organized into a few principal components. The analyses supported the species rank of the Cook Islands plants. The relationship of the Kalaupapa Peninsula populations to the rest of the taxa needs further study.
Prototypes of National Ignition Facility neutron time-of-flight detectors tested on OMEGA

Prototypes of several National Ignition Facility (NIF) neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors have been built and tested on OMEGA. One group uses a plastic scintillator coupled with a microchannel plate (MCP) photomultiplier tube (PMT), either a single-stage (gain up to 103) MCP PMT and a two-stage (gain up to 106) MCP PMT. Two ultrafast scintillators—BC-422 and BC-422Q—were used. Another nTOF prototype is based on a synthetic diamond wafer produced by the chemical vapor deposition. The nTOF detectors were tested on DD (2.45 MeV) and DT (14.1 MeV) neutron-producing implosions on OMEGA. Based on the results of these tests, a set of nTOF detectors is proposed for use on the NIF to measure ion temperature and DD and DT neutron yields from 109 to 1019.
The 211 nm excited resonance Raman spectra of trans-stilbene and related molecules

Abstract We have obtained the 211 nm Raman spectra of trans -stilbene (tS), trans -stilbene oxide, triphenylethylene, and 4,4′-dimethoxystilbene. We compare these spectra with the 211 nm Raman spectra of biphenyl (BP) and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPB). In an effort to elucidate the effect of solvent on the excited state potential energy surface, we calculate differential Raman cross-sections of the 1630 cm −1 band of DPB and the 1610 cm −1 band of BP at excitation wavelengths of 211 and 746 nm in acetonitrile, ethanol, and cyclohexane. The cross-sections for these bands with 746 nm excitation increase with increasing solvent polarity in the order σ cyclohexane σ ethanol σ acetonitrile . The trend is different with 211 nm excitation, σ acetonitrile σ cyclohexane ≤ σ ethanol . We attribute the different trend at 211 nm to microscopic interactions between the solvent and the excited state of the solute molecules. We also present a comparison of the 211 nm S 0 resonance Raman spectra and the S 1 resonance Raman spectra of tS and DPB.
2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography for the diagnosis and treatment of Burkitt lymphoma

Background/Objective: Burkitt lymphoma, a form of non Hodgkin lymphoma, is a rare aggressive mature B-cell neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. The objective of this article is to demonstrate that the prompt diagnosis and the application of effective treatments of Burkitt lymphoma is facilitated by the efficacious use of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Case Report: A 45-year-old man presented with pain in and around his joints and his bones. After multiple inconclusive diagnostic procedures, a 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan was obtained revealing diffuse intense radiotracer activity throughout the skeletal system with multiple areas of photopenia in multiple vertebral spine levels and the posterior iliac crest. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy showed a high Ki-67 proliferative index consistent with Burkitt lymphoma. Conclusions: This case report is of interest to all clinicians who may evaluate adults with pain in and around joints and bones. Burkitt lymphoma merits inclusion in the differential diagnosis of pain in and around joints and bones in adults. Utilization of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography will facilitate the prompt diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma and the application of effective interventions.
The Bottom Line Effects of Greening

The article focuses on if organizations with a pro-environmental policy benefit with bottom-line profitability as a result. It examines two organizational positions concerning environmental policies, compliance and prevention. It states that with a compliance stance, organizations resist the passage and enforcement of environmental legislation and regulations, while prevention goes beyond compliance and works toward source reduction and process innovation. It suggests that a proactive environmental policy becomes a competitive advantage when the development and implementation of pollution prevention programs results in firm resources being developed such as increased organizational learning and higher employee skills and involvement.
Direct retrieval of exterior orientation parameters using a 2D projective transformation

Direct solutions are very attractive because they obviate the need for initial approximations associated with non-linear solutions. The direct linear transformation (DLT) establishes itself as a method of choice for direct solutions in photogrammetry and other fields. The use of the DLT with coplanar object space points leads to a rank deficient model. This rank deficient model leaves the DLT defined up to a 2D projective transformation, which makes the direct retrieval of the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) a non-trivial task. This paper presents a novel direct algorithm to retrieve the EOPs from the 2D projective transformation. It is based on a direct relationship between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model using homogenous coordinates. This representation offers a direct matrix correspondence between the 2D projective transformation parameters and the collinearity model parameters. This correspondence lends itself to a direct matrix factorisation to retrieve the EOPs. An important step in the proposed algorithm is a normalisation process that provides the actual link between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model. This paper explains the theoretical basis of the proposed algorithm as well as the necessary steps for its practical implementation. In addition, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its validity.
Metal organic framework mixed matrix membranes for gas separations

Abstract Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separations are traditionally comprised of zeolites dispersed in a polymer matrix in order to improve desired penetrant permeability and selectivity. Zeolites have a variety of drawbacks for this application – chiefly, a limited number of possible zeolite structures – that limit their potential for use in MMMs. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a relatively new class of microporous materials, are not well studied for use in MMMs. MOFs are an attractive alternative to the use of zeolites in MMMs because the number of possible structures is effectively infinite. In this work, a MOF of copper and terephthalic acid (CuTPA) was synthesized, characterized, and used to make MMMs. The gas transport properties of these CuTPA MMMs showed improvements over the pure polymer gas transport properties.
Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Allergan) for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis

Introduction: Intravitreal corticosteroid implants have dramatically changed the treatment of uveitis. This review focuses on available data on the safety and efficacy of the dexamethasone implant in context of other local therapies – the fluocinolone acetonide (FA) implant and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections. Areas covered: The FDA approved Retisert® (intravitreal FA sustained release implant) in 2005 and Ozurdex® (biodegradable dexamethasone implant) in 2010, both for treatment of posterior segment noninfectious uveitis. A PubMed literature search was carried out using keywords: intravitreal implant, fluocinolone, dexamethasone implant, triamcinolone, intravitreal drug delivery and uveitis. Expert opinion: The dexamethasone implant reduces vitreous haze and cystoid macular edema (CME) and results in improved vision in patients with uveitis. While the reduction in CME does not persist for 26 weeks, the visual acuity increase does. One-fourth of patients treated with a single injection as ...
Status of the Ghost spider genus Wulfila in Kansas

Members of the hunting spider genus Wulfila 0. P.-Cambridge (Aranea: Anyphaenidae) can be recognized immediately by their pale coloration, slight build, and extremely long, thin legs. The first pair of legs are at least two times the length of the body (Fig. 1). Six of the approximately fifty species in this tropical genus have been found in the continental United States (Platnick 1975). Most species in this genus have been rarely encountered and not much is known concerning their natural history (Dondale and Redner 1982).
THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS AND SUCCESSIONAL STATE ON DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON EXPORT FROM FORESTED WATERSHEDS

Concentration and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were compared in streams draining four southern Appalachian watersheds with different treatment histories in 1969-1970 and again in 1979-1980. In 1969-1970 the watersheds were: old field (I yr old), hardwood coppice (7 yr old), white pine ( 13 yr old), and mature hardwood (undisturbed for at least 45 yr). DOC concentrations in 1969-1970 were three to four times greater than in 1979-1980 on all watersheds, and the differences among watersheds were consistent both years: old field > hardwood > pine > coppice. Concentra- tions were always greater during the growing season. Annual runoff was 50% greater in 1979-1980, and annual DOC export in 1979-1980 was half the 1969-1970 value in all watersheds. Annual export was greatest from the hardwood and old-field watersheds and least from the pine and coppice wa- tersheds during both years. Although there appears to be a trend toward decreasing DOC concentra- tion and export over the first two decades of secondary succession, differences caused by periodic variations in runoff are far more significant than any successional changes observed.