cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exotic quantum phase transitions of strongly interacting topological insulators

Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that an extended Hubbard model on a bilayer honeycomb lattice has two novel quantum phase transitions. The first is a quantum phase transition between the weakly interacting gapless Dirac fermion phase and a strongly interacting fully gapped and symmetric trivial phase, which cannot be described by the standard Gross-Neveu model. The second is a quantum critical point between a quantum spin Hall insulator with spin ${S}^{z}$ conservation and the previously mentioned strongly interacting fully gapped phase. At the latter quantum critical point the single-particle excitations remain gapped, while spin and charge gaps both close. We argue that the first quantum phase transition is related to the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{16}$ classification of the topological superconductor $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}B$ phase with interactions, while the second quantum phase transition is a topological phase transition described by a bosonic $O(4)$ nonlinear sigma model field theory with a $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ term.
Investigation of Noble Metal Substrates and Buffer Layers for BiSrCaCuO Thin Films

Noble metal buffer layers and substrates for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8(BSCCO) films were investigated using bulk ceramic processing and thin film techniques. Highly oriented, superconducting BSCCO films were fabricated on polycrystalline Ag substrates and on Ag/MgO and Ag/YSZ structures. Such films could not be produced on Au or Pt substrates under any annealing conditions. In addition, superconducting BSCCO films could not be produced on Ag/Al2O3, Ag/SiO2/Si, or Ag/(Haynes 230 alloy) structures using high annealing temperatures (870°C). However, oriented, although poorly connected, superconducting BSCCO films were fabricated on Ag/Al2O3 structures by using lower annealing temperatures (820°C). Once lower processing temperatures are optimized, Ag may be usable as a buffer layer for BSCCO films.
Award winner for outstanding research in the PhD category, 2014 society for biomaterials annual meeting and exposition, denver, colorado, april 16–19, 2014: Decellularized adipose matrix hydrogels stimulate in vivo neovascularization and adipose formation

Decellularization of tissues offers the ability to produce tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that recreate many of the biochemical aspects of the tissue of interest. In this study, we describe the in vivo function of decellularized adipose ECM hydrogels for treating subcutaneous adipose deficits. Adipose ECM hydrogels were combined with either adipose-derived adult stem cells or a biocompatible cross-linker, injected subcutaneously into nude mice, and evaluated over the course of 1 month. These ECM hydrogels showed improved integration with the surrounding tissue in vivo compared to a clinical standard soft tissue filler, Juvederm, and stimulated neovascularization. More importantly, these adipose ECM hydrogels facilitated new adipose regeneration within the material at 1 month, a feature not seen with current clinical soft tissue fillers. These results contribute to the growing evidence that ECM-based materials are capable of stimulating subcutaneous adipose regeneration, suggesting that future soft tissue filler materials could incorporate ECM elements in order to restore function to adipose deficits instead of simply filling them with static materials.
Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Rates

When comparing protein-coding DNA sequences between species, it is useful to distinguish between synonymous (silent) substitutions and nonsynonymous (amino-acid changing) substitutions. Because the two types of change are under different intensities of selective constraints, comparing their rates provides insights into the mechanisms of evolution of the gene under study. Keywords: coding regions; nucleotide substitution; degenerate code; functional constraints; positive selection
The role of copper in electromigration: the effect of a Cu-vacancy binding energy

The effect of a Cu-vacancy binding energy on electromigration transport in Al-Cu alloys is studied in detail. A lattice-gas model for electromigration is developed which accounts for the Cu-vacancy binding energy. Expressions for the diffusion coefficients are derived in the limit of low vacancy concentrations and calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. The diffusion equations are solved for the failure times and concentration profiles. Our results show that for a binding energy of about 0.2 eV there is a dramatic increase in the failure time for copper doping levels of only 1%. The concentration profiles are consistent with 'incubation time' phenomena in experiments where the copper is found to drift away from the blocking boundary before failure occurs.
Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers

Abstract Synthetic materials capable of responses to external or internal stimuli represent one of the most exciting and emerging areas of scientific interest and unexplored commercial applications. While there are many exciting challenges facing this field, there are a number of opportunities in design, synthesis, and engineering of stimuli-responsive polymeric systems and Mother Nature serves as a supplier of endless inspirations. This review examines physico-chemical requirements necessary to achieve stimuli-responsiveness in heterogeneous polymer networks as well as discusses recent developments and future trends. While individual structural components of polymeric networks are responsible for localized chain-responsiveness, desirable spatial and energetic network properties are necessary for collective and orchestrated responsiveness to external or internal stimuli. These attributes significantly vary for stimuli-responsive polymeric solutions, surfaces and interfaces, polymeric gels, and solid networks.
Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome): CT diagnosis

Received October 26, 1987; accepted after revision December 3, 1987. I Department of RadiOlOgy. I.knVerSity of Alabama Hospital, 61 9 S. 19th St.. Birmingham, AL 35233. Address reprint requests to M. S. Shin. 2 Department of Medicine (Pulmonary), University of Alabama Hospital and Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233. 3 Department of Pathology, tkiiversity of Alabama School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233. 777
Informed consent and the standard of care in the practice of clinical hypnosis.

Dr. Lynn (Lynn, 2001) has proposed a new standard of care for the practice of clinical hypnosis based on his particular theoretical position regarding dissociation and hypnosis, as well as on his newly expressed reservations about his previously published research (Lynn, Mare, Segal, & Sivec, 1994). In this regard, he has expressed particular concern about how clinicians may evaluate the accuracy of a patient’s memories or make interpretations about the causes/motivations underlying their publicly observable behavior. Lynn seems to worry that the issues are especially problematic for the practice of clinical hypnosis because they may have otherwise unintended deleterious repercussions. Consequently, he has advocated that practitioners of clinical hypnosis should now engage in obtaining informed consent from all patients before initiating a course of psychotherapy involving such issues. We applaud Lynn for his courage in publicly announcing a change of viewpoint. Science is built on the backs of disproven theories, discarded hypotheses, and debunked premises. In this world of saving face, integrity and intellectual honesty are the first casualties. Lynn’s proclamation is all the more commendable because he essentially admits to conducting his practice in a manner that recently has attracted dozens of lawsuits against therapists. These cases, with which we disagree, argue that informed consent was always the standard of care, and therefore, its absence constitutes malpractice. Lynn suggests that clinicians should engage in “a careful clinical assessment,” presumably for any evidence of suggestibility or dissociation, that would allow a patient the possibility of interpreting any mention of an “ego state” or “inner adviser” as being other than metaphoric. We agree that a careful clinical assessment should be done with all patients. However, given the relatively low overall base rate of dissociative disorders in the patient populations that most clinicians see, to suggest making such extra warnings and engaging in such additional assessment with all such patients seems extreme and excessive.
THE QUANTITATIVE INTEPRETATION OF A/D PARAMETERS FOR ELECTRONIC EXCITATION MO ASSIGNMENTS OF TRANS-[M(CO)4(P(n-Bu)3)2] (M = Cr, Mo, AND W) BASED ON ELECTRONIC MCD AND COMPLETE OPERATOR MATRIX 〈Lz〉 EVALUATION

Abstract Electronic absorption (EA) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of trans-[M(CO)4(P(n-Bu)3)2] (M = Cr, Mo, W) of five bands from ∼20.0 × 103 to ∼45.5 × 103 cm−1 were measured. The EA spectra exhibit three dominant bands, I-III, at about 27 × 103 cm−1, 30 × 103 cm−1, and 39 × 103 cm−1, respectively. Corresponding MCD spectra in the region of both hands I and III are dominated by the presence of positive A-terms, indicative of transitions to degenerate excited states. A-terms and dipole strength (D) parameters were extracted by rigorous spectral deconvolution for the Cr complex; the spectra of the Mo and W analogs are quite similar. Since these are charge transfer bands and a number of the 2-center and 3-center integrals of 〈Lz〉 will be large, multi-zeta all-center operator matrix computations were used to evaluate signs and magnitudes of MCD A/D parameters for all degenerate excited-state electronic configurations of statically electric dipole allowed g → u (MLCT, or ·M → π∗(CO)) type tran...
Decision-making time in organizational buying behavior: An investigation of its antecedents

This study reports an empirical investigation focusing on the length of time firms take in making major purchase decisions (DMT) and examines antecedents such as buyclass, firm size, decision-making unit (DMU) size, information sources, and size of the consideration set. Data were provided by a national sample of organizations involved in the purchase of telecommunications systems. Findings suggest that firm size, buyclass, DMU size, information sources, and size of consideration set all significantly affect DMT. Antecedent relationships among the independent variables were also largely as expected. This study provides a starting point for a fertile area of research with important implications for organizational buyers and sellers as well as researchers.
Metapsychology: Revisiting the past, confronting the present, serving the future

Abstract Psychology has fallen short in its efforts to accomplish a collaborative mission as a discipline. The hope that over time some paradigm would bring greater coherence and stability to psychology has not been realized. This author argues that psychologists can benefit from revisiting field theory concepts and exploring the contributions of meta-perspectives. In so doing, they would parallel developments in present-day science, more effectively confront current challenges, and serve the future of psychology. A metapsychology known as perceptual psychology, originally articulated by Snygg and Combs (1949, Individual behavior. A new frame of reference for psychology) and grounded in field-theory premises, is provided as an example of an approach which holds new promise in contemporary psychology.
Pulmonary involvement in collagen vascular disease: a review of the pulmonary manifestations of the Marfan syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Sjögren's syndrome, and relapsing polychondritis.

The pulmonary manifestations of collagen vascular diseases span an enormous range of clinical and radiographic findings. The breadth of these abnormalities is as diverse as the underlying diseases themselves. A comprehensive discussion of pulmonary involvement in four of these diseases, the Marfan syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and relapsing polychondritis, is presented.
A collaborative study to establish an International Standard Rabies immunoglobulin of human origin

Because the supply of the International Standard for Anti-rabies Serum was very low, the WHO initiated a search for a replacement product. The US Food and Drug Administration agreed to undertake a collaborative study using a human rabies immunoglobulin previously purchased for use as a US standard. The potency of this product was determined, in International Units (IU) per millilitre using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for measuring rabies antibody. The mean potency value was found to be 59 IU per ampoule. In June 1984 this preparation was accepted by WHO as the International Standard for Rabies Immunoglobulin.
Uterine involution, day and variance of first postpartum ovulation in mares treated with progesterone and estradiol-17β for 1 or 2 days postpartum

The effects of a single or double regimen of exogenous progesterone and estradiol-17beta (P/E, total dose 300 mg P/20 mg E) were investigated in 50 postparturient Quarter Horse mares. In Trial 1, at 1 and 24 h after foaling, mares were injected with progesterone (150 mg) and estradiol-17beta (10 mg) (n = 7) or 0.9% NaCl (control, n = 13). In Trial 2, within 12 h after foaling, mares were injected with progesterone (300 mg) and estradiol-17beta (20 mg) (n = 13) or 0.9% NaCl (control, n = 17). Mares were examined daily by palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography to determine the day of ovulation. The largest cross sectional diameters of each uterine horn and uterine body were measured ultrasonographically on Day 15 postpartum. Mean uterine diameters did not differ between treatment groups (P > 0.05) in Trial 1, Trial 2 or for combined data for both Trials 1 and 2. For mares bred on the first postpartum estrus pregnancy rates did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatment groups (16/18, 89%) and controls (22/30, 81%) nor was there a difference in mean day to first postpartum ovulation (P > 0.05) between treated and control groups in Trial 1, Trial 2 or Trials 1 and 2 combined. However, fewer (P < 0.05) total P/E treated mares (0/20) ovulated prior to Day 10 postpartum than did control mares (6/30). Variance in days to ovulation was lower (P < 0.05) for P/E treated mares (var = 3.73 days) than for control mares (var = 7.64 days) for data combined from Trials 1 and 2.
Voter Turnout and Electoral Oscillation

Declining levels of participation in elections and especially presidential elections, have prompted greater interest among academics and policy makers in the sources and practical consequences of low turnout. This article shows that although nonvoters have many characteristics which mark them as Democratic voters, there is no reason to believe that high turnout elections, especially at the presidential level, would benefit Democratic candidates. The lower levels of involvement and commitment which characterize chronic nonvoters and peripheral voters would simply promote greater interelection oscillation if these voters began to turn out.
The interaction of group IB metals with van der waals faces of semiconducting metal dichalcogenides

The interaction of UHV cleaved van der Waals surfaces of the layered semiconductors SnS2, SnSe2, ZrS2, MoS2 and WS2 with deposited Cu, Ag and Au has been studied with XPS and LEED. It was observed for Cu on SnS2 and for Cu and Ag on SnSe2 that a bulk reaction ocurs leading to the formation of a new phase containing reduced Sn and oxidized Cu or Ag. Even at high coverages a metallic overlayer was not formed. An interfacial reaction at low coverages and subsequently a metallic layer was obtained for Cu on ZrS2 and Ag on SnS2 and Au on SnSe2. Cu, Ag and Au on MoS2 or WS2 form a metallic overlayer with an atomically abrupt semiconductor/metal interface. Epitaxial growth of a Au(111) layer was observed on WS2(0001). The differences in reactivity are related to differences in electrochemical standard potentials of the involved redox processes, structural features and to kinetic factors, e.g. ion transport.
Fulminating hypercalcemia and markedly increased nephrogenous cyclic AMP in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Abstract Refractory hypercalcemia developed suddenly in a patient who had undergone a radical cystectomy for an anaplastic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A normal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) value was obtained by immunoassay while the patient had hypercalcemia and unimpaired renal function. This normal PTH value in the presence of hypercalcemia was consistent with his hypercalcemia being secondary to excessive amounts of circulating PTH. The finding of increased nephrogenous cyclic AMP, however, provided the definitive diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Since autopsy revealed that there was no residual tumor in the bladder area, only evidence of metastatic disease, and since the parathyroid glands were not hyperplastic or adenomatous, we attributed this patient's hypercalcemia to hyperparathyroidism due to the ectopic production of PTH by a metastasis from the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Effect of Deposition Conditions on Intrinsic Stress, Phase Transformation and Stress Relaxation in Tantalum Thin Films

We demonstrate that the high temperature polymorphic tantalum phase transition from the tetragonal beta phase to the cubic alpha phase causes complete stress relaxation and a large decrease in the resistance of tantalum thin films. 100 nm beta tantalum thin films were deposited onto thermally oxidized silicon wafers by dc magnetron sputtering with argon. In situ stress and resistance at temperature were measured during temperature-ramped annealing in purified He. Upon heating, films that were initially compressively stressed showed increasing compressive stress due to thermo-elastic deformation from 25 to 550°C, slight stress relief due to plastic deformation from 550 to 700°C and complete stress relief due to the beta to alpha phase transformation at approximately 700–800°C. Incomplete compressive stress relaxation was observed at high temperatures if the film was initially deposited in the alpha phase or if the beta phase did not completely transform into alpha by 800°C. This incomplete beta to alpha phase transition was most commonly observed on samples that had radio frequency substrate bias greater than -100 V. We conclude that the main stress relief mechanism for tantalum thin films is the beta to alpha phase transformation that occurs at 700 to 800°C.
Fabrication of high-performance CdZnTe strip detector arrays

Cadmium zinc telluride (CsZnTe) has been applied as a X-ray and gamma-ray radiation detector due to its large bandgap and high atomic number which gives low leakage current and good absorption efficiency. In addition, the CdZnTe detectors can be operated at room temperature with very good energy resolution and excellent spatial resolution. The main challenges in fabricating a large area CdZnTe strip detector array are the requirements of low leakage current in the individual strips of each detector and the good adhesion of the pad metal to the CdZnTe surface for wire bonding. The Detector Systems Branch at Goddard Space Flight CEnter has successfully fabricated the double sized CdZnTe strip detectors for a 6 X 6 array. The strip detector array has 36 double sided detectors with each detector having 127 strips and a guard ring on each side with a spatial resolution < 100 micrometers . The total area of the array is 60 cm2 with 762 X 762 strips to give 580,000 pixels - a factor of 100 better than other CdZnTe or scintillator arrays. In this paper, we will present our novel processing for fabricating such high performance strip detectors. The leakage current, interstrip resistance and energy resolution were studied as a function of different etchants/time and post-annealing temperature. The effects of chemical etching and post annealing on the CdZnTe surface and interface property were also discussed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Insect Thermotolerance Comparing Host Infestation Methods: Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Reared in Grapefruit or Diet

Research on insect control should be conducted in a manner that mimics as closely as is feasible its commercial application in all of its practicably conceivable forms. When significant deviations from commercial application are used in research, the effect of the deviations on efficacy should be evaluated. Pest control techniques are sometimes based on research that used untested assumptions about variables that might affect efficacy. For example, some phytosanitary treatments are based on research done with diet-reared larvae inserted into holes bored in fruits, although the effect of this manipulation has not been evaluated. This research compares this type of infestation of grapefruit with Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), third instars with a more natural infestation technique whereby females were allowed to oviposit on picked grapefruit in laboratory cages and third instars were reared inside the fruit. Although the results did not show statistically significant differences between infestation techniques, tendencies in the data caution against researchers making assumptions about efficacy without testing them when experimental techniques stray from more natural situations for which the research is designed.
Literary Federalism in the Age of Jefferson: Joseph Dennie and the Port Folio, 1801-1812

The Port Folio magazine, America's first major journal of literary and political opinion, was edited by Joseph Dennie between 1801 and 1811. This new study argues that as The Port Folio mounted a last spirited defense of classical republican values against "American jacobinism, " the struggle between its Federalist writers and the forces of Jeffersonian ideology gave rise to an important tradition in American writing. "The triumphing of Jefferson's part will be but short, " Dennie optimistically predicted i 1801. "Men will wake from the dreams of apathy, and the darkness of delusion." By the end of 1807, however, Dennie and the Port Folio writers had come to realize that they were on the losing side of history and that the triumph of Jeffersonian ideology would be total and permanent. Literary Federalism then originates as a tradition, argues William C. Dowling, in the attempt of Dennie and The Port Folio to provide a sanctuary for classical republican values within a separate world of the literary imagination, a mode of writing that might serve as a permanent refuge from the degraded conditions of American social existence.
Polyhydroxyamic acid from 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine and pyromellitic dianhydride as a fire-safe polymer

In order to assess the potential of the hydroxy-containing polyamic acid (PHAA) synthesized from 3,3′-dihydroxy benzidine and pyromellitic dianhydride for a fire-safe polymer, the cyclization pathway of PHAA has been investigated using a model compound prepared from 2-aminophenol and phthalic anhydride. The reaction was monitored by1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phthalamic acid is converted to N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide at ca. 175°C, showing endothermic reaction. The imide structure is rearranged to the benzoxazole structure over ca. 400°C. These results are similar with that of PHAA. According to pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) data, water and carbon dioxide are released during the cyclization and rearrangement reaction. One DMAc molecule is complexed with one carboxyl acid group in PHAA, which accelerates the imidization process to release more easily the flame retardant, water.
A two-level multimodality imaging Bayesian network approach for classification of partial epilepsy: preliminary data.

Background Quantitative neuroimaging analyses have demonstrated gray and white matter abnormalities in group comparisons of different types of non-lesional partial epilepsy. It is unknown to what degree these type-specific patterns exist in individual patients and if they could be exploited for diagnostic purposes. In this study, a two-level multi-modality imaging Bayesian network approach is proposed that uses information about individual gray matter volume loss and white matter integrity to classify non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy with (TLE-MTS) and without (TLE-no) mesial-temporal sclerosis and frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE).
Metabolomic assays of the concentration and mass isotopomer distribution of gluconeogenic and citric acid cycle intermediates

We developed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assays for the relative concentration and for the mass isotopomer distribution of gluconeogenic and citric acid cycle intermediates in tissues. The assay involves (i) spiking the sample with one or more internal standards, (ii) chloroform–methanol extraction at −25 °C, (iii) Folch wash of the extract, (iv) treatment of the water-methanol phase with methoxylamine, (v) evaporation and trimethylsilyl derivatization, and (vi) ammonia positive chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For metabolomic computations, indices of concentrations for all compounds assayed are calculated as (Area of analyte)/(Area of reference compound). The assay was applied to a study of the effect of mercaptopicolinate, an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, on the profile of gluconeogenic intermediates in rat livers perfused with pyruvate. Crossover analysis of concentrations indices, compared to a control group, yielded very similar profiles as previous enzymatic assays, and correctly identified the site of action of mercaptopicolinate. Principal component analysis distinguished between control and drug treated samples. A loadings plot was used to identify the site of action of the drug in the metabolic pathway. Since metabolite concentrations do not address the flux through a pathway, perfusions with [1,4-13C2] succinate dimethylester were conducted to assess fluxes around PEPCK. This allowed a dynamic metabolomics analysis which indicated that considerable flux through the pathway remained in the presence of mercaptopicolinate. This study illustrates the power of dynamic metabolomics to complement concentration based metabolomic studies.
Training Counselors for Special Education

Through a one-year internship, counselors develop attitudes and competencies needed to promote the career development of handicapped high school students. This new specialty in the counseling field, although it incorporates elements of rehabilitation, school, and vocational counseling, occurs within the framework of special education classes in regular high schools, and therefore is markedly different from any existing specialty. The role model developed in this project, now in its fifth year, stresses outreach, planning, and an active part for the counselor. This approach has been found effective both with handicapped and with learning disabled students in several urban schools.
Naloxone increases ketamine-induced hyperactivity in the open field in female rats

In considering possible effects of ketamine, and its interactions with drugs that might be administered following ketamine abuse, researchers investigated the effects of administering combinations of saline, naloxone, and/or ketamine on open-field activity levels and frequencies of turning, reverse locomotion, head weaving, and rearing in 50-day-old rats. Female subjects having received ketamine combined with saline showed significant increases in open-field activity as compared with male subjects and subjects having received combinations of saline and/or naloxone. When combined with ketamine, naloxone caused an increase in the aforementioned ketamine-induced hyperactivity in female rats. In addition, ketamine caused increases in turning in female rats and increases in reverse locomotion and head weaving in male and female rats. Decreases in rearing were reported in both males and females with administration of ketamine. In general, naloxone had little, if any, effect on these behaviors. Thus, the primary effect of administration of naloxone reported in this study is an exacerbation of ketamine-induced open-field hyperactivity. The authors discuss the results with respect to indirect effects of ketamine on endogenous opiate and dopamine systems on the aforementioned behaviors. The researchers also consider sex differences and possible precautions when dealing with individuals having ingested psychedelic anesthetics.
Penicillin-induced lysis in related species of oral streptococci.

Treatment of 10 strains representing 5 species of related oral streptococci with penicillin G resulted in measurable levels of cellular lysis. This lysis was dependent on penicillin concentration and cell density. At similar penicillin concentrations and cell densities, the 10 strains demonstrated appreciable differences in their lytic responses. Lysis values for Streptococcus mutans (GS-5 and Ingbritt) and Streptococcus rattus (BHT and FA-1) were greater than those for Streptococcus sobrinus (01 and B13), Streptococcus cricetus (HS6 and AHT), and Streptococcus ferus(8S1 and HD3).
Is the mandible intrinsically different in Apert and Crouzon syndromes

Relative mandibular prognathism is an observed finding in Apert and Crouzon syndromes. This imbalance in the facial profile is generally attributed to the diminished growth of the maxilla, thereby increasing the disparity between maxilla and mandible with increasing age. What is not known is whether the mandible is, indeed, normal. Previous work by Kreiborg1 with Crouzon syndrome led to the conclusion that the mandible, although somewhat smaller, grew in a “normal” pattern. Our own observations, which used a greater variety of mandibular measurements on patients with both Apert and Crouzon syndromes, corroborated Kreiborg's1 conclusions but go further to suggest a syndrome-specific mandibular malformation. Ramal height was found equal to the norm and sometimes greater. Mandibular body length was significantly shorter, thereby producing a distinctly different ramus/body length ratio, particularly in older patients. These findings become significant in the planning of reconstructive procedures. They also raise the question as to whether the shape of the mandible is genetic in origin or is an adaptation to the increasing derangements of the cranial base, maxilla, and occlusion observed with maturation in these patients. The possibility of interactive genetic and environmental factors affecting growth of the mandible emerges from the data.
Penicillinase from Microorganisms Isolated from Soft Cheeses. I. Characteriistics of Isolates and Purification of Penicillinase

Abstract Micrococci and species of Nocardia were found to comprise the penicillinase-forming microorganisms of the diverse flora of soft cheeses. The constitutive nature of the enzyme formation was confirmed. Casamino acids, potassium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium ferrous sulfate did not stimulate penicillinase formation in pure culture. Purification with ammonium sulfate at 90% saturation, pH 5.2, and 5C produced a 200-fold increase in penicillinase activity.
A New Class of Complexes Possessing Cofacially-Oriented, Planar, Metal-Containing Subunits. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of [(MoO2)2(μ-O)]2+-Linked, Catechol-Functionalized, Tetraazamacrocyclic and Salicylideneamine Complexes

A new synthetic route to molecules that contain cofacially oriented, [Mo2O5]2+-bridged bis(catecholate) dianions is described. This synthesis has been useful in the preparation of supermolecular molecules containing catechol-functionalized, metalated macrocyclic [MII(TAD(OH)2)] (M = Co, Ni) and SALPHEN [MII(R2R‘2SALPHEN(OH)2)] (M = H2, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) ligands. Of the former, the (Bu4N)2[Mo2O5[Ni(TAD(O)2)]2] (7) complex has been structurally characterized. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell dimensions a = 12.324(3) A, b = 17.740(4) A, c = 20.920(4) A, α = 108.79(3)°, β = 98.20(3)°, and γ = 103.12(3)°. The nearly-planar macrocyclic ligands are essentially parallel, with a dihedral angle of 6.5(2)°. The Ni(1)--Ni(2) separation in the anion is 3.938 A. The structure of (Bu4N)2[Mo2O5[Cu(EtO2H2SALPHEN(O)2)]2] (19) has also been determined. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with unit cell dimensions a = 20.821(4) A, b = 23.133(5) A, c = 20.05...
Creep as a Mechanism for Sealing Amalgams

Clinical Relevance Creep may be a major factor in amalgam sealing from microleakage. Creep expansion causes amalgam to fill in the tooth/amalgam interface gap and causes the restoration to extrude ...
The climate effects of increasing the albedo of roofs in a cold region

Urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been observed in many large cities located in cold regions (e.g. Montreal in Canada) during summer. One of the well-known strategies to mitigate the temperature rise of urban areas is increasing their albedo. Roofs cover about 25% of urban areas and increasing their reflectivity would have a significant effect on the total energy budget of a city. We have studied the effect of increasing the albedo of roofs on the air and skin temperature distributions of the Greater Montreal area. We performed simulations for one-day summer episode (12 July 2005) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. The WRF solver (version 3.4.1) is coupled with three different urban canopy models (UCMs): slab, single-layer, and multi-layer. We used all three UCMs by increasing the roof albedo from 0.2 to 0.8 and compared the results. All models simulated a well-defined UHI over areas with high concentration of roofs. They predicted a maximum air temperature decrease of ...
Psychotropic exposures in pediatric patients: Symptomatic iloperidone and vilazodone ingestions.

To the Editor: Pediatric exposures to psychotropic drugs account for one of the top 5 substance exposures reported to regional poison control centers.1 We describe our experience with pediatric ing...
Octahedral engineering of orbital polarizations in charge transfer oxides

Negative charge transfer $AB$O${}_{3}$ oxides may undergo electronic metal-insulator transitions (MIT) concomitant with a dilation and contraction of nearly rigid octahedra. On both sides of the MIT are in-phase or out-of-phase (or both) rotations of adjacent octahedra that buckle the $B$-O-$B$ bond angle away from 180${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. Using density functional theory with the PBEsol $+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}U$ approach, we describe an octahedral engineering avenue to control the $B$ $3d$ and O $2p$ orbital polarization through enhancement of the $B$O${}_{6}$ rotation ``sense'' rather than solely through conventional changes to the $B$-O bond lengths, i.e., crystal field distortions. Using CaFeO${}_{3}$ as a prototypical material, we show the flavor of the octahedral rotation pattern when combined with strain-rotation coupling and thin film engineering strategies offers a promising avenue to fine tune orbital polarizations near electronic phase boundaries.
Effects of nerve growth factor on splenic norepinephrine and pineal N-acetyl-transferase in neonate rats exposed to alcohol in utero: Neuroimmune correlates

Prenatal alcohol exposure (FAE) has been associated with multiple anomalies, including a selective developmental delay of sympathetic innervation in lymphoid organs. Sympathetic neurons require nerve growth factor (NGF) for their development and maintenance, and recent evidence has suggested that alcohol impairs the synthesis and/or biological activity of NGF in selected central and peripheral neurons. Thus, the present study examined the hypothesis that NGF administration to FAE rats during early postnatal development would reverse some of the peripheral sympathetic deficits. Neonate rats, FAE and the corresponding control cohorts, received daily treatments of NGF or cytochrome C (0.3 mg/kg; s.c.) for various time intervals, and were killed 24 hr or 10 days after the last treatment. The measured parameters included norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the spleen and heart, which receive nor-adrenergic innervation from the coeliac ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), respectively. In addition, we measured the activity of pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis, which depends on sympathetic innervation from the SCG. The data show that chronic, but not acute, NGF treatments reversed the FAE-related deficits in splenic NE concentrations as well as in pineal NAT activity in a time- and age-dependent manner. Sympathetic neurons play an important role in immune modulation. Thus, the altered splenic NE levels and pineal NAT activity may play a role in immune deficits associated with exposure to alcohol in utero.
“Yet Who Would Have Thought the Old Man to have had so Much Blood in Him?”—Reflections on the Multiplicity of Steady States of the Stirred Tank Reactor

Abstract The question of the multiplicity of the steady states of a chemical reactor was one of the concerns in the pioneering work of Bilous and Amundson. Their diagrams showed quite clearly the geometry of the situation, and this kind of analysis sufficed for many years. It remained for Balakotaiah and Luss, using the methods of singularity theory, to give a comprehensive treatment of the question. After a brief survey, we take up the case of consecutive first-order reactions and show that up to seven steady states are possible.
Relations between police and private security officers in South Korea

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of the working relationship between police officers and private security officers in South Korea. More specifically, this study examines how police officers and security personnel perceive the working relationships between the two organizations, their attitudes on the professionalism of security personnel, their views of ways to improve the working relationship, and their perceptions of the future of public and private police relationships.Design/methodology/approach – Similar to the experience of many developed and developing economies, South Korea has experienced a significant increase in the number of private security personnel employed in the last three decades relative to the employment data on law enforcement officers. To reveal the nature of the working relationship between the two groups, this study utilized a recent survey of 258 police officers and 134 private security officers in South Korea.Findings – While both law enforcement a...
Detection and Analysis of Microfronts and Associated Coherent Events Using Localized Transforms

Abstract A general localized transforms is used to study the characteristics of conditional sampling techniques. A covariance transform is defined that measures the covariance between the signal and a dilated and translated generating function which has compact support. It is shown to be superior as a method of detecting events containing sharp edges such as fronts or microfronts when compared with energy-preserving transforms such as the Fourier and wavelet transform. A method of finding the most coherent scale with respect to dilation of the generating function is presented. A sample analysis using sonic data measured in shear driven boundary-layer atmospheric turbulence is presented.
Patterning, partial reinforcement, and N-length effects at spaced trials as a function of reinstatement of retrieval cues

Abstract Four experiments are reported which demonstrate the importance of the reinstatement of retrieval cues in partial-reinforcement experiments using spaced trials. Reinstatement occurs when the goalbox and startbox are of the same brightness (gray). Nonreinstatement occurs when the goalbox and startbox are of different brightnesses (black-and-white striped vs gray). Under reinstatement conditions, both a partial-reinforcement effect (PRE) and N-length effects were observed whether small reward or large reward was used. Under nonreinstatement conditions, a PRE was observed when large reward was used but not when small reward was used; N-length effects were not observed either with large or small reward. Finally, using a 24-hr intertrial interval, single alternation patterning was found only with a group receiving large reward, a long nonreward confinement duration, and reinstatement. These results are not consistent with the notion that massed and spaced trials are governed by separate mechanisms, and support an explanation of both massed and spaced trials based on E. J. Capaldi's sequential theory.
Frequency and versatility of letters in the English language

Tabulations of letter and letter-combination versatility and frequency were made based on the Kucera and Francis (1967) word frequency count. Letter versatility, a new descriptive statistic, was defined as the number of different words in which a letter appears. These tabulations may be useful in the investigation of visual information processing, reading skills, and human memory.
Melatonin biosynthesis in photoreceptor-enriched chick retinal cell cultures: role of cyclic amp in the K+-evoked, ca2+ -dependent induction of serotonin n-acetyltransferase activity

Abstract The roles of cyclic AMP and calcium in the regulation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity were studied in low density monolayer cultures of chick retinal photoreceptors and neurons. Photoreceptor-enriched recinal cell cultures were prepared from embryonic day 6 retinas and cultured for 6 days. NAT activity in these cultures could be induced by treatment with cyclic AMP protagonists, 8Br-cyclic AMP, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX), or by treatment with depolarizing concentrations of extracellular K + . The stimulatory effect of K + , which involves Ca 2+ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive channels, was mediated at least in part by cyclic AMP, as indicated by the following observations. Depolarizing concentrations of K + stimulated the formation of cyclic AMP, and the stimulatory effects of K + on both cyclic AMP formation and on NAT activity were synergistically potentiated by the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX). MDL 12,330A, a putative adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited K + -evoked cyclic AMP accumulation and induction of NAT activity over the identical concentration range. In contrast, MDL 12,300A failed to inhibit the induction of NAT elicited by 8Br-cyclic AMP. H-89, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, antagonized the induction of NAT activity by either forskolin or K + with equal potency for both stimuli. These results suggest that cyclic AMP plays an essential role in the induction of NAT activity that occurs as a consequence of membrane depolarization. Cyclic AMP and Ca 2+ may also interact at a step distal to adenylate cyclase. In cells treated with a low concentration of 8Br-cyclic AMP, increasing intracellular Ca 2+ with K + (20 or 45 mM) or the calcium ionophore A23187 elicited a stimulation of NAT activity that was slightly, but consistently greater than that expected from the additive effects of each treatment alone. The Ca 2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644, however, did not potentiate the effect of 8Br-cyclic AMP. In contrast to the interaction of calcium elevating agents and 8Br-cyclic AMP, Bay K 8644 or depolarizing concentrations of K + elicited a large, synergistic potentiation of NAT activity induced by treatments that raise the levels of endogenous cyclic AMP, forskolin and IBMX. These results indicate that the primary role of Ca 2+ influx in the induction of NAT activity in photoreceptor cells is to stimulate cyclic AMP formation, but a secondary role may be to potentiate the effect of cyclic AMP at a step distal to adenylate cyclase.
Validation of the Test of energy concepts and values for high school

The Test of Energy Concepts and Values (TECV) was developed to assess knowledge about and attitudes towards energy for grades 9–12. The TECV, a modification of the Energy Knowledge and Attitude Test,1 consisted of 35 knowledge and 39 attitude items. The reliability for the attitude and knowledge sections was 0.70 and 0.76, respectively. Factor analysis was done for the attitude and knowledge sections separately. Item comparison showed that TECV students responses were very similar to the young adults response to the National Assessment instrument.
RESCUE SURFACTANT THERAPY IN THE EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT (ELBW) 2004

To study the mortality and morbidity of the ELBW infant after rescue surfactant (Exosurf) therapy, we examined 542 consecutively born infants below 1000g birth weight before (Period A; 1983-1989) and after (Period B; 1990-1994) surfactant use.
Neuroeconomics: best to go with what you know?

In a changing world, how do we decide our best option? How do we settle between picking something familiar or trying out a new, possibly more rewarding, choice?
The measurement of shape change during early stages of corrosion pit growth

Abstract S.E.M. stereo photogrammetry methods were used to measure the shape of corrosion pits grown on pure iron in 1 N H2SO4 containing 0.003 N NaCl at +0.65 V (Ag/AgCl). The method involved analysis of matched S.E.M. stereo pairs with use of the ‘floating dot’ technique. The method was found to be accurate and precise to within 3%. Analysis of 76 pits in the size range 7–200 μm diameter indicated that corrosion pits in the model system studied were essentially hemispherical up to 50 μm diameter, and were more shallow above this size.
Interaction of macrophages and lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin.

IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig) has been detected on the surface of small lymphocytes in studies involving immunofluorescence1–4, autoradiography1 and mixed antiglobulin reactions5. In the mouse, immunofluorescence2,3 has shown that lymphocytes can be distinguished by the presence or absence of detectable Ig on their membranes. Lymphocytes with detectable Ig (LyIg+) seem to be derived from the bone marrow, to have a range of 50–150,000 molecules per cell3 and to contain class specific Ig3. Those lymphocytes without detectable Ig (LyIg−) seem to be derived from the thymus/(ref. 6 and manuscript submitted). Since macrophages have on their surface membrane receptors specific for Ig (ref. 7), it was thought that perhaps the LyIg+ might interact with this receptor. Such an interaction may result in a close contact between both cells which would enable the presentation of macrophage-bound antigens to lymphoid cells. We have investigated this possibility in the experiments reported here.
NMR characterization of hydration and thermal stress in tomato fruit cuticles.

Abstract In its natural environment, the plant cuticle, which is composed of the biopolymer cutin and a mixture of surface and embedded cuticular waxes, experiences a wide variety of temperatures and hydration states. Consequently, a complete understanding of cuticular function requires study of its thermal and mechanical properties as a function of hydration. Herein, we report the results of a comprehensive 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation study of hydrated tomato fruit cuticle. Cross-polarization and direct-polarization experiments serve to measure the solid-like and liquid-like components, respectively, of hydrated cuticle. Localized, high-frequency motions are probed by T 1 (C) spin relaxation measurements, whereas T 1ρ (H) and T 1ρ (C) experiments reflect low-frequency, lower amplitude polymer-chain motions. In addition, variable-temperature measurements of T 1 (C) and T 1ρ (C) for dry tomato cuticles are used to evaluate the impact of temperature stress. Results of these experiments are interpreted in terms of changes occurring in individual polymer motions of the cutin/wax components of tomato cuticle and in the interaction of these components within intact cuticle, both of which are expected to influence the functional integrity of this protective plant covering.