cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRYOZOA OF THE MISSION ARGILLITE (PERMIAN), NORTHEASTERN WASHINGTON

Abstract Fifteen species of Late Permian bryozoans occur in a biohermal bank in the Mission Argillite of northeastern Washington. These include two species conspecific with species described from Japan and 13 new species, one of which is the type species of a new genus. The presence of two species, Dyscritella iwaizakiensis Sakagami, 1961, and Hayasakapora cf. erectoradiata Sakagami, 1960, previously reported from Japan, and the similarity of new species with those previously described from Japan, China and Russia supports the idea that these rocks were originally deposited in the southeastern or central western Pacific Ocean and subsequently accreted to the North American Plate. Bryozoans and previously reported fusulinids indicate that the biohermal bank is latest Wordian (Kazanian). Newly described bryozoans include the new genus and type species Sakagamiina easternensis belonging to the Timanodictyidae. Other new species are Fistuliramus pacificus, Meekoporella inflecta, Neoeridotrypella missionensis,...
PHOSGENE-INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN SHEEP

AbstractInhalation of toxic doses of phosgene results in varying degrees of pulmonary edema, often after a symptom-free period. The sheep is an anatomically suitable animal in which to study the development of pulmonary edema during that symptom-free period. Five sheep were used in this study, and they were instrumented so as to provide simultaneous information on pulmonary vascular and interstitial fluid dynamics. Through a thoracotomy, the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node was cannulated to monitor pulmonary lymph flow. The sheep were also instrumented with a carotid arterial catheter, a pulmonary artery catheter with thermistor, and a left atrial catheter to monitor systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics. After a 5– to 7-day recovery period, the sheep were given a 10-min nose and mouth exposure to 2.0–2.5 g/m3 of phosgene. Over the next 4 h, there was a two to threefold increase in pulmonary lymph flow, accompanied by a small but significant increase in mean pulmonary microvascular pressu...
Enhancing qualitative inquiry by hearing lived experiences

As a young adult I often journeyed back ‘‘home’’ from New York City (NYC) to visit my parents and siblings, travelling on an inexpensive commercial bus known as Greyhound. The bus would rumble out of one of the large, busy, central transportation hubs in NYC and begin its halting 4 or 5 hour trek (depending on the number of stops), toward my hometown of Ithaca, New York. Ithaca is situated at the tip of Cayuga Lake, the largest of 11 long, slender bodies of water known collectively as the Finger Lakes. Ithaca’s business district is nestled snuggly at the southern base of the lake surrounded on three sides by steep hills. If requested, the Greyhound driver would discharge a passenger at an intersection on the West Hill, before descending downtown. I often got off here, making the rest of the way on foot to my parents’ house. Stepping off the bus, I always entered a liminal space, requiring recalibration of my senses. NYC never sleeps, even if its residents do. Cacophony is the city’s sound track, varied and layered. Sometimes it is discordant, other times harmonic, but there is a perpetual baseline of noise. For example, vehicles respond to traffic lights, ordering them to stop, warning them to slow down, or releasing them from idling. On command, brigades of cars, buses, and trucks, screech, squeal, grunt, hiss, and rumble in response to these signals in metered rhythms. Layered atop the traffic track, are brassy sounds—proximal or distant—as horns toot or blare, depending on the frustration level of the driver. A police car might blast its siren, in rapid staccato, to nudge aside a car, or a fire engine’s might wail with impatient urgency, parting rivers of vehicles. Overhead you may hear the rhythmic whirling of a traffic helicopter, hovering in place, or the roar of an ascending airplane, a sound which quickly dissipates only to be replaced, minutes later, by another plane. In short, sounds come from above and below, near and far, but they play on in the continuous loop of the urban soundtrack. Qualitative Social Work 2015, Vol. 14(4) 447–452 ! The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1473325015588856 qsw.sagepub.com
Reflections on the Reflecting Art Therapy Team in Education and Treatment

The reflecting team has been a respected mode of therapeutic intervention since psychiatrist Tom Anderson first proposed the concept in 1985 (Anderson, 1991). The notion of a team observing the therapist conducting a session, the reflecting team reflecting on the session in the presence of the client (either behind a one-way mirror or in person), followed by the therapist and the client reflecting on the reflections, has proven to be highly effective treatment (Anderson, 1991; Friedman 1995). The art therapy literature contains little on incorporating this technique aside from a presentation in 2001 at the AATA Conference (Klijn, Scheller, & Riley). In conversation, some art therapists say they have used this mode of therapy in their work but have not published the results. The purpose of this article is to stimulate interest in the reflecting-team approach in the field of art therapy.
Functional differences of the PDS gene product are associated with phenotypic variation in patients with Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB4)

The PDS gene encodes a transmembrane protein, known as pendrin, which functions as a transporter of iodide and chloride. Mutations in this gene are responsible for Pendred syndrome and autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss at the DFNB4 locus on chromosome 7q31. A screen of 20 individuals from the midwestern USA with non-syndromic hearing loss and dilated vestibular aqueducts identified three people (15%) with PDS mutations. To determine whether PDS mutations in individuals with Pendred syndrome differ functionally from PDS mutations in individuals with non-syndromic hearing loss, we compared three common Pendred syndrome allele variants (L236P, T416P and E384G), with three PDS mutations reported only in individuals with non-syndromic hearing loss (V480D, V653A and I490L/G497S). The mutations associated with Pendred syndrome have complete loss of pendrin-induced chloride and iodide transport, while alleles unique to people with DFNB4 are able to transport both iodide and chloride, albeit at a much lower level than wild-type pendrin. We hypothesize that this residual level of anion transport is sufficient to eliminate or postpone the onset of goiter in individuals with DFNB4. We propose a model for pendrin function in the thyroid in which pendrin transports iodide across the apical membrane of the thyrocyte into the colloid space.
Drug partnerships and global practices.

Abstract Tuberculosis poses one of the biggest threats to individuals living with HIV in most low-income regions of the world, and the increase of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa, Eastern Europe, and elsewhere makes this threat that much more critical. Despite the extent of the problem, new drugs for tuberculosis have not been developed for over four decades, largely because tuberculosis occurs primarily among the poor in low-income regions and the market for tuberculosis drugs is not lucrative enough to warrant time and resource commitments by pharmaceutical companies. In the wake of sustained global criticism of pharmaceutical-state practices, however, new partnerships for drug development (PDPs) are forming to address critical shortages of drugs for diseases like tuberculosis that have been termed ‘neglected’ precisely because they have not seen new treatments for so long. This paper examines some of these partnerships, tracing some of the dynamic developments as well as challenges in forging alternative pathways to new drug and vaccine production.
Lower motor neuron dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis

A patient in whom multiple sclerosis (MS) was ultimately diagnosed presented with a lower motor neuron syndrome involving 1 hand, with EMG evidence of denervation. Twelve other patients were subsequently identified with definite MS and asymmetric hand atrophy. These patients were studied clinically and electrophysiologically. Evidence of chronic and ongoing denervation was noted in the hands of 12 of the 13 patients; in only 3 patients could the EMG abnormalities be accounted for by peripheral nerve lesions. Thus, lesions resulting in lower motor neuron damage may occur in the central nervous system in MS patients. We suggest that demyelination in the region of the ventral root exit zone may account for these findings.
An efficient routing tree construction algorithm with buffer insertion, wire sizing, and obstacle considerations

In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm to construct a performance-driven routing tree with simultaneous buffer insertion and wire sizing in the presence of wire and buffer obstacles. Recently, several algorithms have been published addressing the routing tree construction problem. However, all these algorithms are slow and not scalable. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which is fast and scalable with problem size. The main idea of our approach is to specify some important high-level features of the whole routing tree so that it can be broken down into several components. We apply stochastic search to find the best specification. Since we need very few high-level features, the size of stochastic search space is small and can be searched in very little time. The solutions for the components are either pre-generated and stored in lookup tables, or generated by extremely fast algorithms whenever needed. Since it is efficient to obtain solutions for components, it is also efficient to construct and evaluate the whole routing tree for each specification. Experimental results show that, for trees of moderate size, our algorithm out performs the previous algorithms in both quality and runtime.
Site‐Based Management and School Success: Untangling the Variables

ABSTRACT Site‐based management (SBM) has received decidedly mixed reviews as a reform strategy. Although most scholars who have studied it note that this form of governance can be linked to some positive changes in culture or parent or teacher satisfaction, only a few have observed clear changes in student achievement that can be tied to site‐level autonomy and shared decision‐making within the school. The absence of learning effects may be due to problems in theories undergirding SBM, to weak or uneven implementation, or to methodological problems in evaluative studies. In this study, researchers set out, not to evaluate SBM, but rather to understand how it worked in a school that, by many criteria, could be considered a success. After engaging in a year long, intensive case study at one urban elementary school, the authors concluded that four commitments, deeply embedded in the minds of educators and, to a lesser extent, parents, drove successful reform at this site. The central and organizing commitmen...
Aligning sequences from multiple cameras

This paper studies the problem of aligning images from multiple cameras with minimally- or non-overlapping fields of view using frame-to-frame transformations calculated for sequences from each camera. We examine implementation issues for the algorithm of Caspi and Irani that performs the alignment for two cameras which are fixed relative to each other and have approximately the same center of projection. Furthermore, we extend it to compute the camera-to-camera homographies for an N/spl ges/2 multi-camera network by simultaneously solving for all parameters of the unknown transformations. This enforces tighter constraints on the solution than performing the alignment for each pair independently. We show the efficacy of the approach on both synthetic as well as real sequences captured using a polycamera built in our lab. The aligned images can be mosaiced together to obtain a wider field of view virtual camera for subsequent processing.
Perceived Stigma and Mental Health Care Seeking

Objective: There is limited empirical evidence on the extent to which perceived public stigma prevents individuals from using mental health services, despite substantial recent policy interest in this issue. This study investigated associations between perceived public stigma and mental health care seeking. Methods: This study used cross-sectional survey data from a representative sample of undergraduate and graduate students (N=2,782) at one university. A five-item scale was used to assess perceived public stigma toward mental health service use. Perceived need for help in the past 12 months and current presence of depressive and anxiety disorders were also assessed. Results: Perceived stigma was higher among males, older students, Asian and Pacific Islanders, international students, students with lower socioeconomic status backgrounds, and students with current mental health problems. Perceived stigma was also higher among those without any family members or friends who had used mental health services and among those who believed that therapy or medication is not very helpful. Perceived stigma was negatively associated with the likelihood of perceiving a need for mental health services, but only among younger students. Among those with probable depressive or anxiety disorders, there was no evidence that perceived stigma was associated with service use. Conclusions: These results suggest that, at least in this population, perceived stigma may not be as important a barrier to mental health care as the mental health policy discourse currently assumes. (Psychiatric Services 59:392–399, 2008)
Information Technology and Democratic Governance

Knowledge has always implied power and, unquestionably, modern information technology has made possible the extensive ingathering organization and use of its basic ingredient: information. Clearly, advances in telecommunications technology permitted the rapid collection and transmission of information; mass memory devices, coupled with computer hardware and ancillary programming techniques, have made feasible the storage, manipulation, and recall of vast information resources. Thus, the transistor and printed circuit have revolutionized not only the basic element of information technology, the computer, but also, through radio, television, telephone and satellite transmission devices, made possible for millions of individuals fast and flexible access to sources of information. A number of other electronic and optical devices permitted remote monitoring, scanning, and related information-gathering and recording activities.
A Microscopic Model for Sublattice Disorder in Ionic Crystals

We have recently shown how the order dependence of the energy of sublattice disorder affects the form of the sublattice melting transition in ionic crystals.1,2 A microscopic model for the energy of disorder has been derived by adapting an approximate theory for the energy of formation of isolated point defects to the case of large defect concentrations. The model, which is a modification of the Mott-Littleton theory of point defect energetics, takes account of electronic polarization and ionic displacements and is based on a realistic description of cohesion in ionic crystals. The approximate model agrees within about 30% with more elaborate calculations in the isolated defect limit. At large defect concentrations, in the molecular field approximation, relaxation of ionic positions and electronic polarization occur as a consequence of fluctuations of the local interaction potentials from the mean. The energy per added defect (disorder) decreases with increasing disorder, largely due to the volume dependence of elastic and dielectric constants. When this model is combined with an approximate description of the liquid state, conditions on the relative ionic charges, radii, and polarizabilities which permit the onset of sublattice melting prior to overall melting can be obtained. Such conditions are illustrated by model calculations for the zincblende structure which show that a large difference between the electronic polarizabilities of the two ionic species favors sublattice melting, while a large volume dependence of the total unit cell polarizability favors overall melting.
Recent research of novel compression concepts for vapor compression heat pumping, air conditioning and refrigeration systems

The past phase-out of CFC and HCFC refrigerants and the upcoming phase-out of HFC refrigerants, combined with advances in compressor technology, such as reduced noise and vibration and mechanical capacity control, has motivated the development of novel compression concepts for use in vapor compression cycles. This paper provides an overview of several new developments for refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumping applications, including three novel compressors called bowtie compressor, rotary spool compressor, and z-compressor. The bowtie compressor offers an integrated method of capacity modulation for use in domestic refrigerators/freezers. It modulates the cooling capacity by changing the piston stroke without changes of the clearance volume for better thermodynamic efficiency. The bowtie compressor received its name due to its two sector-shaped, opposing compression chambers forming a bowtie. The novel rotary spool compressor combines various aspects of rotary and reciprocating devices. Studies to date have shown that the rotary spool compressor can achieve high efficiencies at low manufacturing costs. The z-compressor is a dual-chamber hermetic rotary compressor with opposing upper and lower compression chambers separated by z-shaped blade. The compressor offers significantly lower noise and vibration levels than a conventional rolling piston compressor. In addition to presenting these new compressor types, recent research on linear compressors and diaphragm compressors will also be presented.
How Effective Are Limited Legal Assistance Programs? A Randomized Experiment in a Massachusetts Housing Court

We persuaded entities conducting a civil Gideon pilot program in summary eviction cases to allow us to randomize which potential clients would receive offers of traditional attorney-client relationships from oversubscribed legal aid staff attorneys and which would be referred to a lawyer for the day program. We examine outcomes related to whether matters not yet in litigation reached court, possession of the unit, monetary consequences of non-payment of rent cases, and court burden. We find no statistically significant evidence that the Provider's offer of full, as opposed to limited, representation had a large (or any) effect on any outcome of substantive import. We explore several possible interpretations of our results, and we caution against both over-interpretation and under-interpretation.
Emergency Department‐based Opioid Harm Reduction: Moving Physicians From Willing to Doing

OBJECTIVES Develop and internally validate a survey tool to assess emergency department (ED) physician attitudes, clinical practice, and willingness to perform opiate harm reduction (OHR) interventions and to identify barriers and facilitators in translating willingness to action. METHODS This study was an anonymous, Web-based survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior of ED physicians at three tertiary referral centers. Construction and internal validation of scaled questions was assessed through principal component and Cronbach's alpha analyses. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to measure impact of physician knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and self-efficacy on willingness to perform OHR interventions including opioid overdose education; naloxone prescribing; and referral to naloxone, methadone, and syringe access programs. RESULTS A total of 200 of 278 (71.9%) physicians completed the survey. Principal component analysis yielded five components: attitude, confidence, self-efficacy, professional impact factors, and personal impact factors. Overall, respondents were willing to perform OHR interventions, but few actually do. Willingness was correlated with attitude, confidence, and self-efficacy (R(2) = 0.50); however, overall physicians lacked confidence (mean = 3.06 of 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.94 to 3.18]). Knowledge, time, training, and institutional support were all prohibitive barriers. Physicians reported that research evidence, professional organization recommendations, and opinions of ED leaders would strongly influence a change in their clinical practice to incorporate OHR interventions (mean = 4.25 of 5, 95% CI = 4.18 to 4.32). CONCLUSIONS Compared to prior studies, emergency medicine physicians had increased willingness to perform OHR interventions, but there remains a disparity between willingness and clinical practice. Influential factors that may move physicians from "willing" to "doing" include dissemination of supportive research evidence; professional organization endorsement; ED leadership opinion; and addressing time, knowledge, and institutional barriers.
Managing the Career Blues

This note offers a means of assessing a person's career engagement, the lack of which is termed the "career blues." The note provides a self-assessment exercise, some background theory and discussion, and suggestions for attaining career engagement. It is intended to help managers and workers alike assess their current status regarding the career blues.
Positive and negative consequences of a military deployment.

ABSTRACT This study determined the perception by 951 U. S. Army soldiers of positive and negative consequences of a peacekeeping deployment to Bosnia. Seventy-seven percent reported some positive consequences, 63% reported a negative consequence, and 47% reported both. Written comments were also provided. Of the 951 soldiers, 478 wrote at least one positive comment and 403 at least one negative comment. Single soldiers were more likely than married soldiers to report positive consequences (82% vs. 72%). Married soldiers were more likely than single soldiers to report negative consequences (70% vs. 55%). Positive consequences included making additional money, self-improvement, and time to think. Negative consequences included the military chain of command, being away from home, and deterioration of marital/significant other relationships.
Inlet Stability Solutions for Tributary Inflow

Formulas in use relating to the flow of water through tidal inlets do not take into account the joint effects of inertia and tributary inflow that play a significant role in determining the characteristics of many inlets. In a proposed analytical model these two factors are considered where the tributary inflow to the bay causes ebb flow through the inlet to exceed flood flow. The solution method applies to the same type inlets as studied by E.I. Brown and G. H. Keulegan, i.e. inlets that have a bay in which the water rises and falls uniformly over the entire bay area. An additional assumption is that the discharge into and from the inlet is governed by a head loss that is quadratic in velocity.
Changes in Soybean Protein Components during its Gel Formation Process

Influences of heat treatmentof water extract of defatted soybean on protein components during gel formation process were studied in relation to physical properteies ofgels. Though only about 30% of protein in unheated extract was salted out by 33% saturation of ammonium sulphate, about 70% of protein was salted out in case of extract which was heated at 90°C for 5min. Amount of cold insoluble fraction (CIF) also varied with heating temperature of water extract. Whereas about 20% of the extracted protein was insolubilized when heating temperature was below 50°C, only 3-4% CIF was precipitated from the extract when heated above 80°C. Water extracted protein consisted fo conponents corresponding the bands A to E in no urea system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern. When the extract was heated at 90°C, bands A, C, D and E almost disappeared, and band B and new band B' appeared prominent. It was observed that heating at 70°C served as a borderline of these changes. CIF gave prominent band B and slight band B'by heat treatment. Influences of heating and urea on the viscosity of CIF were more prominent than those on the viscosity of residual fractions. It was also recognized that the gel from CIF Was remarkably tough and elastic than that from the residual fractions.From these results, the behavior of protin components in gel formation was discussed.
Hypothesis Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Decrease Risks of Cardiovascular Disease

The hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors reduce risks of cardiovascular disease in humans is plausible, unproven, and difficult to test, due, in part, to differences in specificity and route of administration. Endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are tight-binding, protein inhibitors that function in vivo and can be engineered to enhance specificity for desired targets. Nonetheless, TIMPs have been difficult to test, in part, because their secondary functions, including cell growth promotion and angiogenesis, raise concerns about side effects and they cannot be delivered orally. In contrast, doxycycline and other chemically modified tetracyclines are broad-spectrum, reversible MMP inhibitors with lower affinity but can be taken orally and have US Food and Drug Administration approval. The completed phase 2 randomized trials in humans of MMP inhibitors have methodologic limitations but generally show no significant benefits with adverse effects. At present, the principal research challenge is to achieve a better understanding of the complexities of biological functions of MMPs and subsequently to conduct large-scale phase 3 trials.
Characterization of Nanomaterials for Toxicological Studies

The scientific community, regulatory agencies, environmentalists, and most industry representatives all agree that more effort is required to ensure the responsible and safe development of new nanotechnologies. Characterizing nanomaterials is a key aspect in this effort. There is no universally agreed upon minimum set of characteristics although certain common properties are included in most recommendations. Therefore, characterization becomes more like a puzzle put together with various measurements rather than a single straightforward analytical measurement. In this chapter, we emphasize and illustrate the important elements of nanoparticle characterization with a systematic approach to physicochemical characterization. We start with an overview describing the properties that are most significant to toxicological testing along with suggested methods for characterizing an as-received nanomaterial and then specifically address the measurement of size, surface properties, and imaging.
Folate as a Targeting Device for Proteins Utilizing Folate Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Folic acid (M (r) = 441, Fig. 1 ) is a vitamin essential for de novo nucleotide synthesis and one-carbon metabolism. The ability to acquire folate, therefore, is important to the viability of proliferating cells. Fig. 1. Folic acid.
Conclusion: Alternative Imaginings of Diasporas — Insights from Decoloniality

In this concluding chapter the focus is on the extent to which contemporary global conditions constitute sites and opportunities for the reinvention of diaspora cultural identities such that they reflect the dynamic migration histories and multiple temporalities of groups and individuals. The preceding chapters have provided recent empirical and theoretical evidence that clearly indicates multiculturalism and superdiversity are ill-equipped to serve as robust social policy and conceptual frameworks in the context of present-day migration-driven diversity. Most importantly, the chapters have contributed, in many respects, strong and compelling empirical interventions to the field of diaspora identity studies — a field that is otherwise largely dominated by conceptual postulations not driven by systematic empirical data collection. Put together, the preceding chapters constitute a bold and timely call for us to revisit the frames of self-identification and the sensibility of belonging that have so far been inadequately captured by the traditional multiculturalism paradigm and the more recent superdiversity approach. The data on African diaspora cultures and identities have revealed the somewhat contradictory identity imaginations crystallizing around ethnicity, nationality and transnationality.
Behavioral Problems in Tourette Syndrome

Behavioral and emotional difficulties in 78 males, 6-16 years of age, with Tourette syndrome were examined at the Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and School of Continuing Studies, Baltimore, Maryland.
Japanese Feminist Counseling as a Political Act

(1998). Japanese Feminist Counseling as a Political Act. Women & Therapy: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 65-77.
Tackling the Interplay of the Web and the Long-Arm Statute, among Other Issues

This article discusses four significant opinions handed down by the New York Court of Appeals during its 2011–2012 term that resolved important issues pertaining to the application of four CPLR provisions: In Simon v. Usher, 17 N.Y.3d 625 (2011), the Court concluded that CPLR 2103(b)(2)’s five-day extension for service of a paper by mail is triggered when a defendant serves its demand to change venue by mail, and then subsequently moves to change venue. The Court, in Cadichon v. Facelle, 18 N.Y.3d 230 (2011), was tasked with interpreting the parameters of CPLR 3216, which allows a court to dismiss, sua sponte, a party’s pleading for the party’s failure to timely serve and file a note of issue. CPLR 217’s four-month statute of limitations, which begins to run the moment that an administrative decision becomes “final and binding,” arrived before the Court in Kahn v. NYC Dept. of Educ., 18 N.Y.3d 457 (2012) in the context of an Article 78 proceeding challenging the termination of plaintiffs’ probationary employment at the City of New York’s Department of Education, with bad news for the plaintiffs. The Court, once again, in SPCA of Upstate New York v. Am. Working Collie Ass’n, 18 N.Y.3d 400 (2012), undertook the task of defining the contours of New York’s long-arm statute, CPLR 302, in the context of an action involving defamatory statements made on the Web. The eventual holding highlighted the Court’s discord, which has been demonstrated by several split decisions such as this one.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Is Not Anti- Inflammatory in Adipose Tissue of Healthy Obese Postmenopausal Women

Adipose tissue inflammation is associated with obesity comorbidities. Reducing such inflammation may ameliorate these comorbidities. n-3 fatty acids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in obesity, which may modulate this inflammatory state. In the current study a 1 gram per day oral supplement of the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was administered for 12 weeks to 10 grade 1-2 obese postmenopausal women and markers of adipose tissue and systemic inflammation measured and compared before and after supplementation. DHA administration resulted in approximately a doubling of plasma and red cell phospholipid and adipose tissue DHA content but no change in systemic markers of inflammation, such as circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukins (IL) 6, 8 and 10 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10). DHA supplementation did not alter the adipose tissue marker of inflammation crown-like structure density nor did it affect any gene expression pathways, including anti-inflammatory, hypoxic and lipid metabolism pathways. The obese postmenopausal women studied were otherwise healthy, which leads us to suggest that in such women DHA supplementation is not an effective means for reducing adipose tissue or systemic inflammation. Further testing is warranted to determine if n-3 fatty acids may ameliorate inflammation in other, perhaps less healthy, populations of obese individuals.
Small molecule Photoregulin3 prevents retinal degeneration in the RhoP23H mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

There are several diseases that cause people to lose their eyesight and become blind. One of these diseases, called retinitis pigmentosa, kills cells at the back of the eye known as rod cells. At first, it affects vision in low light and peripheral vision, but later it affects vision during the daytime as well. There are no effective treatments for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Yet previous genetic studies have shown that disrupting the activity of genes in rod cells can slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision in mice. As for all genes, proteins called transcription factors regulate the activity of rod cell genes. Nakamura et al. now report the discovery of a small drug-like molecule, that they name Photoregulin3, which alters the activity of a transcription factor that regulates rod genes. In follow-up experiments, mice with a mutation that replicates many of the features of retinitis pigmentosa were given Photoregulin3 to see if it could slow the progression of the disease. Indeed, Photoregulin3 could stop many of the rod cells from degenerating in the treated mice. At the end of the experiment, the mice treated with this small molecule had about twice as many rods as the control mice. The treated mice also responded better to flashes of light. Nakamura et al. hope that the findings will one day benefit patients with retinitis pigmentosa. But first more research needs to be done before testing Photoregulin3 in humans. For example, the drug-like molecule needs to be made more potent, and if possible adapted to work when given orally, meaning patients could take it as a pill.
Teaching Agile Project Management by Combining Group Interaction and Simulation

This half-day workshop will demonstrate the use of a lottery-based simulation to teach students how to run an agile project by practicing the routine of daily meetings, coordination by mutual adjustment and tracking and reporting of progress. The objective of the simulation is twofold: to teach students the process' mechanics and provide them with insights about the implications on performance and cost of expediting, multitasking, and using overtime to speed things-up.
Modeling the yields on noninvestment grade bond indexes: Credit risk and macroeconomic factors

Abstract To accurately price credit derivatives, it is necessary to understand the underlying factors that determine credit spreads and the influence that external shocks can have on required yields. We model the factors that influence the yield on the most volatile segment of the corporate bond market, noninvestment grade bonds. A long-run equilibrium is found between the yield on BB- and B-rated bonds and Treasury yields, Moody's default rate, and the leading economic indicator. In the short run, changes in Treasury yields, Moody's default rates, and mutual fund flow continue to affect the movements in noninvestment yields. We also find that the resulting error correction models are useful in forecasting the yields. External shocks have a greater effect on the more volatile B-rated bonds. We find that the Iraq invasion of Kuwait, the Russian and Asian financial crises, and Long-Term Capital Management collapse all have influence on noninvestment grade yields. Evidence is also found suggesting a significant flight to quality for BB- and B-rated bonds during the Russian financial crisis.
Gamma–gamma coincidence in neutron activation analysis

Neutron activation analysis is a useful analytical technique for the determination of many nuclides. However, the resulting gamma-ray spectra frequently have overlapping photopeaks, necessitating complicated peak de-convolution techniques to perform an accurate measurement. This work investigates the viability of gamma–gamma coincidence measurements of neutron activation analysis samples for the determination of 76As, 160Tb, and 169Yb to improve peak de-convolution and significantly lower the background. It is shown that these nuclides can be better determined using gamma–gamma coincidence measurements as opposed to single detector measurements. Comparisons are shown between the single channel and coincidence-gated spectra to demonstrate the de-convolution improvements achieved with coincidence gating. Additionally, a quality assurance protocol has been developed using 226Ra and 152Eu to ascertain that the coincidence electronics are set up properly. This protocol quantitatively demonstrates the capability of this system to discriminate between true coincidence and noncoincident events.
Clinicopathologic features of advanced RET fusion-positive lung cancers and outcomes in comparison to other fusion-positive lung cancers.

8076 Background: Recurrent gene rearrangements are important drivers of lung cancer growth. While RET fusions are recognized as actionable targets, the clinicopathologic features of these drivers i...
Optimal Combustion Phasing Control of a Turbulent Jet Ignition Engine

The thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines can be affected by many factors. Combustion phase is one of these factors and attracted many researchers interest. Different from the conventional spark ignition engines, the combustion phase in turbulent jet ignition (TJI) engines is influenced by more control variables in both the pre- and main-chambers. Therefore open-loop map-based combustion phasing control becomes less robust to engine aging and requires more calibration effort for TJI engines. In this paper, a model-based control strategy is proposed for a TJI engine using both the spark timing and the pre-chamber fuel injection quantity to regulate the combustion phase to the desired value. The feedforward controller is designed according to a previously developed TJI engine model. The feedback controller is a linear quadratic tracking controller considering output covariance constraint. With the proposed controller, the standard deviation of CA50 (crank location when 50% of fuel is burned) is reduced from 1.58 to 1.12 crank angle degree. Moreover, the proposed controller is able to achieve both fast tracking and good combustion stability, compared with the baseline controllers.
Essential roles of mitochondrial and heme function in lung cancer bioenergetics and tumorigenesis.

Contrary to Warburg’s hypothesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) contributes significantly to fueling cancer cells. Several recent studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells depend on OXPHOS for survival and progression. Several cancers exhibit an increased risk in association with heme intake. Mitochondria are widely known to carry out oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, mitochondria are also involved in heme synthesis. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for several proteins that constitute the complexes of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Therefore, heme plays a pivotal role in OXPHOS and oxygen consumption. Further, lung cancer cells exhibit heme accumulation and require heme for proliferation and invasion in vitro. Abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and mutations are implicated in cancer. This review delves into mitochondrial OXPHOS and lesser explored area of heme metabolism in lung cancer.
Synchrophasor Detection and Observations of Grid Oscillations in the 1.4 Hz to 10 Hz Range

This paper describes a time-tested, efficient procedure for using synchrophasor data to detect grid oscillations higher than the common grid-wide 0.2 Hz to 0.8 Hz range. Higher frequency oscillations in the 1.4 Hz to 10 Hz range are becoming more common and are often tied to remote PV generation facilities, wind farms, and even to conventional generators whose control systems intermittently react with the grid to produce oscillations. The detection procedure is described in sufficient detail so that anyone with conventional 30 points per second synchrophasor data that includes voltage phase angle readings can implement and use it.
Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community: clinical context and outcome

AIMS To define the hitherto unknown aetiology/mechanism distributions of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the community and the linked clinical characteristics/outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified all isolated, moderate/severe MR diagnosed in our community (Olmsted County, MN, USA) between 2000 and 2010 and classified MR aetiology/mechanisms. Eligible patients (n = 727) were 73 ± 18 years, 51% females, with ejection fraction (EF) 49 ± 17%. MR was functional (FMR) in 65%, organic (OMR) in 32% and 2% mixed. Functional MR was linked to left ventricular remodelling (FMR-v) 38% and isolated atrial dilatation (FMR-a) 27%. At diagnosis FMR-v vs. FMR-a, vs. OMR displayed profound differences (all P < 0.0001) in age (73 ± 14, 80 ± 10, 68 ± 21years), male-sex (59, 33, 51%), atrial-fibrillation (28, 54, 13%), EF (33 ± 14, 57 ± 11, 61 ± 10%), and regurgitant-volume (38 ± 13, 37 ± 11, 51 ± 24 mL/beat). Dominant MR mechanism was Type I (normal valve-movement) 38%, Type II (excessive valve-movement) 25%, Type IIIa (diastolic movement-restriction) 3%, and Type IIIb (systolic movement-restriction) 34%. Outcomes were mediocre with excess-mortality vs. general-population in FMR-v [risk ratio 3.45 (2.98-3.99), P < 0.0001] but also FMR-a [risk ratio 1.88 (1.52-2.25), P < 0.0001] and OMR [risk ratio 1.83 (1.50-2.22), P < 0.0001]. Heart failure was frequent, particularly in FMR-v (5-year 83 ± 3% vs. 59 ± 4% FMR-a, 40 ± 3% OMR, P < 0.0001). Mitral surgery during patients' lifetime was performed in 4% of FMR-v, 3% of FMR-a, and 37% of OMR. CONCLUSION Moderate/severe isolated MR in the community displays considerable aetiology/mechanism heterogeneity. Functional MR dominates, mostly FMR-v but FMR-a is frequent and degenerative MR dominates OMR. Outcomes are mediocre with excess-mortality particularly with FMR-v but FMR-a, despite normal EF incurs notable excess-mortality and frequent heart failure. Pervasive undertreatment warrants clinical trials of therapies tailored to specific MR cause/mechanisms.
Movement kinematics and speech accuracy in a nonword repetition task in school-age children who stutter.

Abstract We investigated sensorimotor processes in school-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) in a nonword repetition (NWR) task and evaluated changes in behavioral (percent speech accuracy) and speech kinematics measures (lip aperture variability, movement duration) with practice and retention. Thirteen CWS and 13 CWNS divided into two age groups (younger, 8–12 years; n = 6, older, 13–15 years, n = 7) repeated nonwords varying in phonological properties over two sessions separated by an hour. Participants in both groups also completed several baseline measures, including tests of digit span and nonword repetition (NRT). A marginal trend for lower speech accuracy was noted in the CWS compared to the CWNS in the NWR task. The younger CWS also performed poorly compared to the older CWS and age-matched CWNS in the NRT. Findings provided weak support for limitations in initial encoding and subsequent retrieval of phonemic information. The CWS demonstrated significantly reduced inter-articulatory coordination for the 3-syllable nonwords. While both groups demonstrated significantly slower movements with increase in nonword complexity at the 3-syllable level, such differences were enhanced in the CWS group and influenced further by participant age. Additionally, digit span influenced movement coordination in both groups with only the CWNS showing a significant negative correlation between the digit span scores and movement variability at the onset of practice in Session 1. The findings offer limited support for a sensorimotor integration deficit in CWS and the contributions of cognitive mechanisms to performance in NWR.
Fear of Falling Assessment and Interventions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Mixed Methods Case-Series

(1) assess fear of falling (FOF) in community-dwelling older adults using subjective and objective measures and, (2) explore older adults’ perceptions of FOF assessments and interventions.A mixed m...
Rage Against the Machine: The Legacy of Education Leaders’ Valiant Struggle for Social Justice in Abbeville v. South Carolina:

Purpose:Abbeville v. South Carolina was a nearly three-decade long school funding lawsuit initiated by the education leaders of South Carolina's most rural and impoverished school districts that pr...
Towards Understanding Fast Adversarial Training

Current neural-network-based classifiers are susceptible to adversarial examples. The most empirically successful approach to defending against such adversarial examples is adversarial training, which incorporates a strong self-attack during training to enhance its robustness. This approach, however, is computationally expensive and hence is hard to scale up. A recent work, called fast adversarial training, has shown that it is possible to markedly reduce computation time without sacrificing significant performance. This approach incorporates simple self-attacks, yet it can only run for a limited number of training epochs, resulting in sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we conduct experiments to understand the behavior of fast adversarial training and show the key to its success is the ability to recover from overfitting to weak attacks. We then extend our findings to improve fast adversarial training, demonstrating superior robust accuracy to strong adversarial training, with much-reduced training time.
Postoperative Restrictions After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

No scientific evidence on restrictions for patients following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is available. The goal of this study is to assess the practice and patterns of restrictions after single-level and multilevel ACDF at an academic institution. We submitted two questionnaires, for restrictions after single-level and multilevel ACDF, to 18 spine surgeons at our institution. Questions included length of time in practice, use of cervical collar, postoperative restrictions and practices. We received 10 complete responses. Four (40%) of the respondents were in practice for less than 5 years; 3 (30%) 5 or more years, but less than 10; 1 (10%) 10 or more years, but less than 20; 2 (20%) 20 or more years. Only two (20%) surgeons recommend a cervical collar after a single-level ACDF, while seven (70%) do so after a multilevel ACDF, for an average of 9.1 weeks and standard deviation (SD) of 2.8. Nine surgeons (90%) reported providing lifting restrictions after a single-level and multilevel ACDF, with a mean of 10 kg and SD of 2.5 in both cases. 5 (50%) give driving restrictions after a single-level ACDF, eight (80%) do so after a multilevel. eight (80%) recommend physical therapy after both single-level and multilevel ACDF. three (30%) obtain a CT to confirm fusion at one year. Only two (20%) recommend a bone stimulator. Significant variability exists among surgeons in regards to restrictions following ACDF, but some areas of consensus emerged: 90% of respondents give lifting restrictions, with a mean of 10 kg, 80% recommend physical therapy for a range of motion and muscle strengthening.
Visualization of Injection Molding

Even though it is considered a mature technology, the commercial importance of injection molding continues to drive research on how processing parameters impact final part characteristics. In particular, the influence of flow phenomena, which largely control molecular orientation within the mold cavity, is not fully understood. Results are presented from a study of polymer flow during injection molding using a clear mold that allows optical access from three sides, in a standard commercial machine, under standard molding conditions for polystyrene. Comparisons are drawn between the experimental results and the predictions of a commercial code for global mold filling properties.