cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel synthesis of hexagonal WO3 nanostructures

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of a new form of WO3 nanostructures based on the hexagonal WO3 (h-WO3) polymorph. This typically “metastable” phase was synthesized from a substoichiometric metal alkoxide precursor-tungsten (V) isopropoxide, by a novel colloidal synthesis method. Nanowires of h-WO3 were obtained upon heat-treating the sol–gel precursor at 400 °C. Further processing at elevated temperatures (515 °C) resulted in coarsening of the nanowires and the formation of nanowire bundles with polytypic character. Hexagonal WO3 differs from the other tungsten oxide polymorphs in that it possesses unique structural features such as long, hexagonal prism channels parallel to the c-axis and layered oxygen octahedra. This makes it a very attractive host matrix for metal ion intercalation for rechargeable batteries and for the selective gas sensing of amines.
Simple Altitude Adjustments to Raindrop Velocities for Doppler Radar Analysis

Abstract The altitude factor for adjusting raindrop velocities from sea level depends primarily on air density and drop size. An adjustment factor is formulated as the air density ratio raised to a power m that varies linearly with drop diameter from 0.4 at 1 mm to 0.5 at 5 mm: m(D) = 0.375 + 0.025D (mm). The improved velocity adjustment can be directly incorporated into the standard equation for calculating the size distribution from the Doppler spectrum. An integral mean value (m) is provided to adjust sea level values of rainfall rate and mean (and mean square) Doppler velocities. The recommended value of m varies from 0.41 to 0.46 depending on application. The simplest adjustment is obtained using 0.42 for rainfall rate and 0.45 for mean Doppler velocity.
Rapidly recurring supraventricular tachycardia. A manifestation of reciprocating tachycardia and an indication for propranolol therapy.

Reciprocating tachycardias were diagnosed on the basis of previously established ECG criteria in seven patients with recurrent tachycardia but without WPW. In each patient we could record the onset of arrhythmia because tachycardia recurred within minutes of its termination. Treatment with propranolol alone or with digitalis, or digitalis and quinidine, prevented tachycardia in five patients and slowed it in one. Our cases suggest the following: (1) Recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in patients without the WPW syndrome may frequently be caused by a reciprocal mechanism. (2) The diagnosis of reciprocating tachycardia should be suspected when (a) the tachycardia recurs within minutes of its termination, (b) the onset follows prolongation of the P-R or R-P interval, (c) the P wave during the tachycardia is superiorly directed and different from the P wave which initiates the tachycardia, and (d) at least one other criterion for the diagnosis is met. (3) Propranolol is the drug of choice for the treatmen...
An eating disorder curriculum for primary care providers

Objective Primary care providers frequently lack adequate training in treating eating disorders. This study examined the effectiveness of an eating disorder curriculum designed to address the lack of knowledge among primary care providers. Method Medical social workers completed four intensive training sessions, each lasting 75 min. Participants completed questionnaires assessing eating disorder knowledge, perceived ability to treat eating disorders, and practice behaviors, before and after training as well as at 6-month follow-up. Results The eating disorder curriculum resulted in a significant increase in eating disorder knowledge and a moderate improvement in practice behaviors such as screening new patients for an eating disorder. Training did not significantly change providers' perceived ability to intervene. Discussion The results of this pilot study suggest that brief intensive training can increase providers' knowledge and change their routine clinical practices, resulting in increased rates of detection and intervention in the primary care setting. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 209–212, 2001.
Probing nitrogen metabolism in the redox gradient of the Black Sea

The Black Sea, earth's largest anoxic water body, serves as a model system for studies of marine chemistry and biology. The article by Lam et al. (1) in this issue of PNAS describes a new approach to assessing the activity of Black Sea nitrifying bacteria and archaea that are globally important in nitrogen metabolism.
Metric‐based upscaling

We consider divergence form elliptic operators in dimension n ge; 2 with L∞ coefficients. Although solutions of these operators are only Holder-continuous, we show that they are differentiable (C1, α) with respect to harmonic coordinates. It follows that numerical homogenization can be extended to situations where the medium has no ergodicity at small scales and is characterized by a continuum of scales. This new numerical homogenization method is based on the transfer of a new metric in addition to traditional averaged (homogenized) quantities from subgrid scales into computational scales. Error bounds can be given and this method can also be used as a compression tool for differential operators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Just how long can you live in a black hole and what can be done about it

We study the problem of how long a journey within a black hole can last. Based on our observations we make two conjectures. First, for observers that have entered a black hole from an asymptotic region, we conjecture that the length of their journey within is bounded by a multiple of the future asymptotic ``size'' of the black hole, provided the spacetime is globally hyperbolic and satisfies the dominant-energy and non-negative-pressure conditions. Second, for spacetimes possessing ${\mathit{openR}}^{3}$ Cauchy surfaces (or an appropriate generalization thereof) and satisfying the dominant energy and non-negative-pressure conditions, we conjecture that the length of a journey anywhere within a black hole is again bounded, although here the bound requires a knowledge of the initial data for the gravitational field on a Cauchy surface. We prove these conjectures in the spherically symmetric case. We also prove that there is an upper bound on the lifetimes of observers lying ``deep within'' a black hole, provided the spacetime satisfies the timelike-convergence condition and possesses a maximal Cauchy surface. Further, we investigate whether one can increase the lifetime of an observer that has entered a black hole, e.g., by throwing additional matter into the hole. Lastly, in an appendix, we prove that the surface area A of the event horizon of a black hole in a spherically symmetric spacetime with an ADM mass ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{ADM}}$ is always bounded by A\ensuremath{\le}16\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{ADM}}^{2}$, provided that future null infinity is complete and the spacetime is globally hyperbolic and satisfies the dominant-energy condition.
The impact of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in the Netherlands

The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in the Netherlands. We used discharge records from SIG Health Care Information for every hospitalization for a lower-extremity amputation in all hospitals in the Netherlands in 1992. Age- and gender-specific population figures and diagnosed cases of diabetes were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Age- and gender-adjusted amputation incidences were identified at four different levels (toe, foot, leg, and thigh). Multiple amputations were analyzed by the highest level. Of all lower-extremity amputations, 1,575 (47%) were in persons with diabetes mellitus. Age- and gender-adjusted lower-extremity amputation rates per 10,000 persons with diabetes by level were the following: toe 12.39, foot 2.42, leg 7.82, thigh 2.54, and total 25.17. People with diabetes were 20.3 times more likely to experience a lower-extremity amputation than people without diabetes. Males were at a significantly higher risk of experiencing an amputation than females. There was a significant increase in the age-specific incidence of amputations as age increased. The most common amputation procedure performed was the toe amputation. There was a significant increase in thigh amputations as age increased, indicating that as people get older they suffer higher levels of amputations. Although the incidence of lower-extremity amputations was lower than previous reports, they still have a serious impact on the health-care system in the Netherlands.
Interim audit scope, client size and client familiarity: An empirical analysis

This study investigates the scope of an audit conducted during the first part of the annual auditing cycle. It measures empirically the probability of auditing various balance sheet and income statement accounts. The results indicate that current assets and liabilities have a higher probability for an interim audit than fixed assets, long-term debt and equity accounts. Furthermore, the likelihood of including each account in an interim audit increases with client size, so the larger an auditee, the wider the audit scope during the beginning of the audit cycle. Also, the empirical results indicate that the lower the familiarity of the auditor with the auditee, the wider the scope of an interim audit. These results seem to be consistent with auditing theory and intuition.
Sub-Doppler mid-infrared spectroscopy of molecular ions

Abstract The technique of velocity modulation spectroscopy has recently been combined with cavity enhancement and frequency modulation methods into a technique called noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne velocity modulation spectroscopy (NICE-OHVMS). We have implemented NICE-OHVMS with a cw-optical parametric oscillator (OPO) tunable from 3.2 to 3.9 μm, and used it to record spectra of the R(1,0) and R(1,1)u transitions of the ν 2 fundamental band of H 3 + . The high optical power and cavity enhancement enable saturation of rovibrational transitions, which allows for line center frequencies to be measured with a precision of 70 kHz.
Long-term benefits of membership in microfinance programmes

This study studies the benefits of membership in microfinance programmes, and examines whether membership in these programmes is an effective instrument in smoothing inter-seasonal consumption. We hypothesise that the benefits to participation accrue differentially over time, as more experienced participants are better equipped on their own to minimise per capita consumption fluctuations. Using an Euler equation approach, we show that consumption differentials across seasons are inversely related to length of membership. Estimates from the gender-stratified model suggest that for a female participant, 1 year of membership reduces the percentage change in per capita consumption, caused by a unit shock, by 6 per cent. We present simulation results confirming that as length of membership increases, the ‘certainty equivalent’ of the participant decreases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trade Reform Dynamics and Technical Efficiency: The Peruvian Experience

Markets around the world are becoming more competitive because of changing operating and regulatory environments. One such change- the loosening of trade restrictions is a macroeconomic policy shift that should have a microeconomic impact on industrial efficiency. Specifically, competitive pressure should discipline or eliminate inefficient producers. This article explores whether or not there is such a dynamic link. It uses a previously unexploited data set to gauge the impact of the 1990 Peruvian reform on plant-level technical efficiency. The results support the argument that the degree of protection and the level of efficiency are inversely related.
Providers' experiences caring for adolescents who smoke cigarettes.

OBJECTIVE To describe providers' experiences screening for and counseling adolescent patients who smoke cigarettes. DESIGN Eight qualitative focus groups were conducted with 51 health care providers in primary care settings. Focus groups were video- and audiotaped; tapes were transcribed for coding by an interdisciplinary team using the constant comparative method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Providers reported experiences screening for and managing adolescent patients who reported smoking cigarettes. RESULTS Providers expressed confidence in their ability to screen adolescent patients for tobacco use, particularly as part of regularly scheduled preventive and medical visits. Providers reported difficulty balancing screening for smoking with their concern for maintaining rapport with their adolescent patients. In addition, providers reported that adolescent smoking patterns differed from those of adults, and consequently, providers were not certain at what level of smoking an adolescent required intervention. Furthermore, providers were unclear regarding what interventions were recommended for and effective with adolescents. CONCLUSION Providers are interested in adolescent evidence-based screening methods and cessation interventions that are supportive of a nonjudgmental and empathic approach to caring for adolescent smokers, particularly those with irregular and situational smoking patterns.
A 10 Mbps SiGe BiCMOS Transceiver for Operation Down to Cryogenic Temperatures

A 10 Mbps wire-line transceiver compatible with the RS-485 standard is implemented in SiGe BiCMOS technology. This general purpose SiGe bus transceiver represents the first demonstration of a wide temperature range (-180degC to +27degC) enabled, radiation tolerant as built, wire-line transceiver, and is intended for use in emerging space system avionics platforms. Robust functionality within specifications from -180degC to +27degC is demonstrated.
Serologic aspects of sporotrichosis.

The ability of Sporotricnum schenckii to infect tissues other than the skin has become strikingly apparent from the numerous published cases of articular, pulmonary, and disseminated sporotrichosis. These reports not only have increased appreciation for the protean nature of the mycosis, but they have underscored the need for additional diagnostic and prognostic methods of study. This is particularly true for extracutaneous forms of sporotrichosis, in which infected foci are frequently difficult to culture and unsuggestive of the disease. Several early studies [1 (cited by Norden [30]), 2-6] documented the potential usefulness of serologic techniques in the laboratory evaluation of patients with sporotrichosis, although these procedures have received relatively little attention when compared with similar or identical tests for other fungal infections [7]. The value of immunofluorescence in demonstrating S. schenckii in tissues and smears has been shown by several investigators [8, 9] and very recently, immunocytoadherence was advanced as a possible diagnostic procedure [10]. However, of the methods available to the routine clinical laboratory, the complement fixation, precipitation, and agglutination tests are the most widely used and respected. In the present study, we have compared the conventional methods of detecting antibodies to S. schenckii and evaluated some of the potential sources of variation in these procedures. In addition, published and unreported cases of the disease with established serology have been reviewed in an attempt to determine the importance of serologic data in the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection, and to collate these findings with other laboratory and clinical observations.
Examining clinical performance feedback in Patient-Aligned Care Teams.

BACKGROUND The move to team-based models of health care represents a fundamental shift in healthcare delivery, including major changes in the roles and relationships among clinical personnel. Audit and feedback of clinical performance has traditionally focused on the provider; however, a team-based model of care may require different approaches.
A Customizable Mediation Engine for Metrics Collection, Aggregation and Composition

Management applications such as accounting, intrusion detection, resource provisioning, etc. utilize various metrics to derive information needed for decision making. However, each such application is typically custom built to encode the data manipulation logic specific to the management task at hand. These custom solutions are non-reusable, non-shareable and become increasingly complex and hard to manage as they evolve to meet ever changing needs of the environment. We present Metric Service, a customizable engine that can be shared and configured to perform data manipulation operations for a wide variety of management applications. It allows application specific manipulation of raw metrics to be performed in the middleware itself and also enables integration of data from heterogeneous systems that may be geographically distributed. We also introduce MS-Policy, an XML based policy specification language that forms the core model of the proposed engine. It allows the data integration and manipulation logic, for a particular management task, to be specified in terms of metrics collection, aggregation and composition. We describe our prototype implementation and report the results of performance experiments.
Picomole assay for Nτ-methylhistidine by gas chromatography—Mass spectrometry

Abstract A simple, sensitive method for measuring N τ -methylhistidine in biological samples using a deuterated internal standard and methane chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. After sample preparation, a single analysis can be completed in 3 min; analysis in duplicate, including sample preparation for 40 samples, can be completed at a rate of 15 min per sample. Nanomole amounts of N τ -mmethylhistidine in urine or plasma samples are determined with a precision of 0.5%. Picomole amounts, released during in vitro rat epitrochlaris muscle incubations, are measured with a precision of 10%.
Trapping mechanism to account for persistent photoeffects in heavily doped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

We have investigated trapping mechanisms responsible for the persistent photoeffect in heavily doped GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As multiple‐quantum‐well structures. The study was performed using infrared‐absorption techniques to study the intersubband transitions of the wells as a function of secondary illumination. The frequency of the secondary illumination was varied by the use of filters on the secondary source. The peak energies of the intersubband transitions can be modeled using the nonparabolic anisotropic envelope‐function approximation, which accounts for many‐body effects due to the high doping level. The red shift in the intersubband transition energy observed on secondary illumination indicates a decrease in the carrier concentration in the wells due to trapping in the barrier. We have found a decrease in the strength of the persistent photoeffect when the energy of the photons used in the secondary illumination is below the band gap of Si (1.172 eV). This observation is consistent with optically activated traps whose activation energy is ≥1.172 eV. These data, along with temperature recovery data, make the most probable candidate for the trap the DX center.
Structural optimization of lifting surfaces with divergence and control reversal constraints

In this paper, the static aeroplastic characteristics, divergence velocity, control effectiveness and lift effectiveness are considered in obtaining an optimum weight structure. Swept wing structures are used with upper and lower skins, spar and rib thicknesses, and spar cap and vertical post cross-sectional areas as the design parameters. The aerodynamic strip theory is used to derive the constraint formulations and aerodynamic load matrices. A Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique (SUMT) algorithm is used to optimize the wing structure to meet the desired aeroelastic constraints.
Alzheimer's Disease and Cumulative Exposure to Anesthesia: A Case-Control Study

Objective: To evaluate prior exposure to general anesthesia as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design: A retrospective, population-based, case-control study. Setting: The Rochester Epidemiology Resource. Patients: Cases were all incident cases of AD from 1975 to 1984 who resided for 40 years or more in Olmsted County prior to the onset of their dementia (n = 252). One age- and gender-matched control for each case was selected from all registrations for care at Mayo Clinic during the year of onset in the incident case. The case and control groups each had 252 individuals. Of these, 208 cases and 199 controls had at least one exposure to general anesthesia prior to the year of onset of dementia in the matched AD patient. Measurements: The cumulative duration of anesthesia and the total number of general anesthetic exposures prior to the age of onset of dementia and the corresponding year in each matched control were ascertained. Results: There was no significant difference in mean cumulative exposure (in minutes) to general anesthesia (patients vs controls: 188.4 vs 170.5 rninutes, ns). Neither exposure to six or more episodes of general anesthesia (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.77–2.71) nor cumulative exposure to 600 minutes or more of general anesthesia (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.53–5.04) were associated with a significantly increased risk of AD. Conclusion: It is unlikely that multiple exposures to general anesthesia increase the risk of AD.
Secondary electrons in a plasma-wall sheath

Abstract Langmuir probes are used to monitor secondary electrons in the plasma-wall sheath of a laboratory plasma. Data are presented to show that the secondaries penetrate into the plasma. RF noise measurements in the sheath are also presented.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver carbene complexes derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzimidazole against antibiotic resistant bacteria

Silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes have been shown to have great potential as antimicrobial agents, affecting a wide spectrum of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A new series of three silver carbene complexes (SCCs) based on 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzimidazole has been synthesized, characterized, and tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria. The imidazolium salts and their precursors were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The silver carbene complexes, SCC32, SCC33, and SCC34 were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These complexes proved highly efficacious with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.25 to 6 μg mL−1. Overall, the complexes were effective against highly resistant bacteria strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), weaponizable bacteria, such as Yersinia pestis, and pathogens found within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia gladioli. SCC33 and SCC34 also showed clinically relevant activity against a silver-resistant strain of Escherichia coli based on MIC testing.
Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults

Manganese is an essential nutrient that also may be toxic at high concentrations. Subjects chronically exposed to manganese-laden dust in industrial settings develop neuropsychological changes that resemble Parkinson's disease. Manganese has been proposed as an additive to gasoline (as a replacement for the catalytic properties of lead), which has generated increased research interest in the possible deleterious effects of environmental exposure to manganese. Low-level exposure to manganese has been implicated in neurologic changes, decreased learning ability in school-aged children, and increased propensity for violence in adults. However, a thorough review of the literature shows very weak cause-and-effect relationships that do not justify concern about environmental exposure to manganese for most of the North American population.
Instability of electricity demand functions in the post-oil- embargo period☆

Abstract The temporal stability of electricity demand functions with distributed lags is examined over the 1961–1980 period. The distributed lag models considered include the partial adjustment model, the unconstrained lag model, and the Almon polynomial lag procedure. Demand functions are estimated for the residential, commercial and industrial sectors and tested for stability in the pre- and post-oil-embargo period. Most of the demand functions estimated are statistically unstable over these periods. Although a partial-adjustment specification of the industrial demand equation appears to be stable, the income, price, and cross elasticities are significantly different over the subperiods for the residential and commercial demand equations.
BigHouse: A simulation infrastructure for data center systems

Recently, there has been an explosive growth in Internet services, greatly increasing the importance of data center systems. Applications served from “the cloud” are driving data center growth and quickly overtaking traditional workstations. Although there are a many tools for evaluating components of desktop and server architectures in detail, scalable modeling tools are noticeably missing. We describe BigHouse a simulation infrastructure for data center systems. Instead of simulating servers using detailed microarchitectural models, BigHouse raises the level of abstraction. Using a combination of queuing theory and stochastic modeling, BigHouse can simulate server systems in minutes rather than hours. BigHouse leverages statistical simulation techniques to limit simulation turnaround time to the minimum runtime needed for a desired accuracy. In this paper, we introduce BigHouse, describe its design, and present case studies for how it has already been applied to build and validate models of data center workloads and systems. Furthermore, we describe statistical techniques incorporated into BigHouse to accelerate and parallelize its simulations, and demonstrate its scalability to model large cluster systems while maintaining reasonable simulation time.
Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise.

Previous investigators using clinical, hemodynamic, or exercise parameters to predict maximal exercise heart rate (HRmax) have demonstrated age to be the major determinant. Regression coefficients have ranged from –0.3 to –0.6, leaving approximately two thirds of the variance in HRmax unexplained. Because cardiac size and function are directly related to stroke volume and should influence HRmax, we studied 114 male subjects (aged 19 to 73 years) with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography who underwent maximal treadmill testing with respiratory gas analysis. Seventy-three were normotensive (diastolic BP
Chronic treatment with scopolamine and physostigmine changes nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor density and NGF content in rat brain.

Abstract Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors were measured in cortex and hippocampus of rats treated with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission. High (K d = 0.045nM) and low (K d = 21nM) affinity 125 I-NGF binding sites were present in both cortical and hippocampal membranes with hippocampus containing higher numbers of both sites than cortex. Chronic treatment of rats with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (5 mg/kg, twice daily) decreased the density of high- and low-affinity sites by 50–90% in cortical and hippocampal membranes. These changes were seen after 7 days, but not 3 days, of scopolamine treatment. Chronic infusion of physostigmine (1 mg/kg/day) using minipumps increased the number of high- and low-affinity sites in cortex 3- and 6-fold, respectively. The changes in receptor-binding parameters induced by physostigmine were transient as they were evident after 3 days of treatment, but returned to control levels after 7 days. NGF content in cortex and hippocampus was reduced by about 50% following 7, but not 3, days of chronic physostigmine infusion. In contrast, scopolamine treatment failed to change NGF levels in the cholinergic neuronal target regions but it decreased NGF content in the septal area. The content of NGF mRNA in the cortex measured by Northern blot analysis failed to change following either scopolamine or physostigmine treatment. The results suggest that levels of NGF and NGF receptors in the target regions of cholinergic neurons are regulated by the extent of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity.
Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered

Introduction Part I: The 1959 Steel Strike Prologue 1. Getting to 1959 2. No Backward Steps: The Biggest Strike in U.S. History Part II: Cause and Consequences Prologue 3. 2-B or Not 2-B: A Battle for "Rigid Union Work Rules" 4. When the Wolf finally Came: Union Power and the Demise of Steel Part III: Remembering or Not Prologue 5. Steel Family Memories and the Culture of Unionism 6. The Contest for Official Memory Appendix A: Histories of Postwar America Appendix B: Interviews Notes Acknowledgments Index Photographs
The role of coastal Kelvin waves on the northeast Pacific Ocean

Abstract Kelvin waves excited by the wind in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean propagate eastward to the boundary and then poleward along the coast. Poleward propagating coastal Kelvin waves produce a signal that propagates away from the coast as westward propagating Rossby waves with amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the passing Kelvin wave. The frequency of the Kelvin wave signal sets the frequency of the Rossby response and the possible wavelengths through the Rossby dispersion relation. This paper examines the role of coastal Kelvin waves in the mid-latitude response of the ocean in general, and the mid-latitude 1982–1983 El Nino response in particular, using two primitive equation numerical models of the equatorial and northeast Pacific Oceans. The equatorial model, in agreement with observations, shows a large amplitude Kelvin wave propagating eastward along the equator as a prelude to the 1982–1983 El Nino and then poleward along the coast. A time series of the model coastal signal from 1975 through 1984, extracted from the equatorial model, forces a northeast Pacific Ocean model near the coast at 18° N, allowing signals to propagate from the equator through low-latitudes to mid-latitudes. Model results show, (1) that the coastal Kelvin wave initializes and defines the frequency of the offshore propagating Rossby wave (2) that the Kelvin-Rossby response is fundamental to the development of the mid-latitude 1982–1983 El Nino and, (3) that Rossby waves at 30° N extend the signal seaward from the coast several thousand kilometers, although the Rossby wave signal loses its identity in the region of the California Current several hundred kilometers from the coast.
Trends in the evolution of the database curriculum

This paper focuses on the current database curriculum and how it reflects changes in the practice of data management. The content of the database course is determined using a series of three surveys given to groups of database educators over a period of four years. The results of these surveys are presented in the paper and are used to indicate trends in database courses as they are actually taught. The paper examines the different focus choices used in the introductory database course and describes how these have changed during the period, 1999-2002. The paper also examines how actual database curricula compare with the CC2001 curriculum recommendations.
Reconstruction of orbitomaxillary defects.

Purpose Defects of the orbitomaxillary complex are problematic, not only for the patient, who deals with physical and psychological sequelae of his or her condition, but also for the surgeon, who must select from numerous treatment options to achieve the best possible outcome. As is often the case in surgically managed disease states, there is minimal high-level evidence to direct decision making in this area of medicine. We aim with this case series to at least provide our perspective on orbitomaxillary reconstruction based on a single-surgeon's 6-year experience at the University of Florida in Jacksonville. Materials and Methods A chart review was performed for patients treated by the maxillofacial surgery division from August 2006 through August 2011, who underwent reconstruction of orbitomaxillary defects (Classes III to VI) resulting from ablative surgery. Data collected included patient demographics, surgery performed, reconstructive methods, pathology, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Inclusion criteria consisted of an initial surgery involving maxillectomy with orbital involvement performed at our institution, adequate follow-up, and complete medical records. Patients treated elsewhere or with inadequate records were excluded from the study. Results We identified 21 patients who met the criteria for this study. Their ages ranged from 44 to 79 years, with 8 men and 13 women. Histologic evaluation showed squamous cell carcinoma in the majority of cases (14 patients). All defects were either Brown Class III, IV, V, or VI with the distribution as follows: 7 Class IIIs, 5 Class IVs, 7 Class Vs, and 2 Class VIs. The reconstructions included 8 radial forearm flaps, 4 anterolateral thigh flaps, 2 thoracodorsal artery perforator fasciocutaneous flaps, 1 thoracodorsal angular artery composite flap, 2 latissimus dorsi myofasciocutaneous flaps, and 1 composite fibula flap. Three patients had only an obturator with local flaps or skin grafting. Of the 21 patients, 18 had postoperative radiation. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 60 months. Three patients died of their disease, 14 were alive without disease, and 4 were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 24.5 months. Conclusions On the basis of our patient experience, we believe that we can offer the following perspective: patients reconstructed for these larger defects, Classes III to VI, were less likely to be discontented with their reconstruction as compared with those who underwent obturation. The choice of bone versus soft tissue–only reconstruction was not a significant issue for our patient population because the vast majority of patients were not interested in dental implants because of out-of-pocket costs. In the era of perforator flaps, we believe that the use of these flaps provides a more predictive outcome compared with musculocutaneous flaps, which will atrophy over time and lead to a change in facial contour.
Primary internal fixation of unilateral C1 lateral mass sagittal split fractures: a series of 3 cases.

Study DesignRetrospective case review of adult patients who sustained C1 lateral mass sagittal split fractures treated with primary internal fixation.ObjectiveTo present the outcomes of patients treated with primary C1 open reduction and internal fixation of this previously described injury.Summary
Modified Young-Dees-Leadbetter Bladder Neck Reconstruction After Exstrophy Repair

Purpose: We describe the application and results of modified Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction after successful complete primary repair in the newborn period.Materials and Methods: The records of 34 patients referred for a continence procedure after successful exstrophy closure were extracted from an institutionally approved database. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were assessed.Results: A total of 31 male and 3 female patients were identified, of whom 27 and 1, respectively, underwent osteotomy at initial closure. No patients attained urinary continence and so they were referred for a continence procedure. Nine patients did not have adequate bladder capacity for bladder neck repair (mean bladder capacity 63 ml, range 20 to 80). In those with suitable capacity mean capacity was 119 ml (range 85 to 180) and they underwent bladder neck reconstruction at a mean age of 4.9 years. Of the 25 patients who underwent bladder neck repair 14 (56%) were dry during the day and night, 5 (...
Strange, anti-, and anti-strange baryons at AGS energies

The production of , , and in central Si+Au collisions has been measured by E859 at the BNL-AGS. Recently, an extensive re-evaluation of the spectrometer acceptance, trigger effects, and reconstruction efficiency has been completed. This study has resulted in increased statistics and broader phase-space coverage for weakly decaying particles. Evidence is seen for a large to ratio in the rapidity range 1.1 - 1.5.
Enhancing intelligent agents with episodic memory

For a human, episodic memory is a memory of past experiences that one gains over a lifetime. While episodic memory appears critical to human function, researchers have done little to explore the potential benefits for an artificially intelligent agent. In this research, we have added a task-independent, episodic memory to a cognitive architecture. To frame the research, we propose that episodic memory supports a set of cognitive capabilities that improve an agent's ability to sense its environment, reason, and learn. We demonstrate that episodic memory enables agents created with our architecture to employ these cognitive capabilities.
Some factors that determine proton conductivity in nonstoichiometric complex perovskites

Abstract Complex perovskites, of the types A2(B′B″)O6 and A3(B′B2″)O9, (in which A ions are always 2+, B′ ions are 3+ and 2+, respectively, and B″ ions are 5+), can become good high-temperature protonic conductors when they are made nonstoichiometric by increasing the concentration of the B′ ions at the expense of the B″ ions. After heating in water vapor, uptake of H2O occurs, and protons enter the structure. We consider the effects of several variables on the bulk ionic conductivity and activation energy for protonic conduction, including degree of nonstoichiometry, the effect of ordering on the B-sites, the effect of varying the radius of the B′ ion and the effect of changing the A ion from Sr2+ to Ba2+. The results show that disorder favors a higher conductivity, that the degree of order can change with nonstoichiometry, and that Ba compounds always have higher conductivity and lower activation energy than the corresponding Sr compounds.
Theoretical development of comparative criminology: Rekindling an interest

Comparative criminology is making an impressive imprint in academic circles. This is evident by the burgeoning number of studies, journal articles, books, college courses, symposia, and conferences devoted to comparative issues. Our reading of existing literature, however, indicates the comparative field is overly descriptive and oriented to the pragmatic rather than theoretical. Comparative criminology is not theoretically sophisticated. This paper assesses the current state of theory in the comparative field and offers some preliminary suggestions for correcting the theoretical void. Coleman's (1991) theory of white‐collar crime and Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) general theory of crime are presented as examples of theoretical frameworks with potential comparative applications. Implications for future development of comparative criminological theory are discussed.
Materialism As Social Cognition: People, Possessions, and Perception

Although materialism has been studied from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, it is not commonly proposed as an information-processing construct. To establish such a construal would facilitate direct, individual-level analyses of materialistic stimuli and contribute to an understanding of which of a person's possessions are valued and why. Drawing on schema theory and the work of Kelly (1955), we propose that materialists not only perceive people in terms of possessions, but they use these criteria as superordinate constructs when framing stimuli for social-cognition purposes. Some empirical evidence corroborating this construal is included, and several research propositions based on it are advanced.
Comparison of bacteriophage T4 UvsX and human Rad51 filaments suggests that RecA-like polymers may have evolved independently

The UvsX protein from bacteriophage T4 is a member of the RecA/Rad51/RadA family of recombinases active in homologous genetic recombination. Like RecA, Rad51 and RadA, UvsX forms helical filaments on DNA. We have used electron microscopy and a novel method for image analysis of helical filaments to show that UvsX-DNA filaments exist in two different conformations: an ADP state and an ATP state. As with RecA protein, these two states have a large difference in pitch. Remarkably, even though UvsX is only weakly homologous to RecA, both UvsX filament states are more similar to the RecA crystal structure than are RecA-DNA filaments. We use this similarity to fit the RecA crystal structure into the UvsX filament, and show that two of the three previously described blocks of similarity between UvsX and RecA are involved in the subunit-subunit interface in both the UvsX filament and the RecA crystal filament. Conversely, we show that human Rad51-DNA filaments have a different subunit-subunit interface than is present in the RecA crystal, and this interface involves two blocks of sequence similarity between Rad51 and RecA that do not overlap with those found between UvsX and RecA. This suggests that helical filaments in the RecA/Rad51/RadA family may have arisen from convergent evolution, with a conserved core structure that has assembled into multimeric filaments in a number of different ways.
How do we support follow-up with the primary care provider after an emergency department visit for asthma?

Many investigators and clinicians have struggled to understand 2 related problems: (1) why urban children seek care in the emergency department (ED) for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions and (2) how to ensure follow-up for that visit with the medical home. Gaining insight into these patient health care–seeking behaviors will aid in the development of interventions to help design the health care system to improve health outcomes for children and reduce health care costs. In this issue of Pediatrics , the study conducted by Zorc et al1 highlights an attempt to implement an intervention that would be feasible to deliver in an ED setting and would increase the likelihood of follow-up with the primary care provider (PCP) for a group of urban children with asthma. The study is unique in that it addressed parental health beliefs regarding patient follow-up with a PCP. Previous studies with this population have indicated that it is often not access to a provider or financial capabilities that prevent children from receiving primary … Address correspondence to Mona E. Mansour, MD, MS, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave, ML 2011, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: mona.mansour{at}cchmc.org
Exploring the Judgment–Action Gap: College Students and Academic Dishonesty

This study examined differences between university students who were caught and sanctioned for cheating, students admitting to cheating but who were not caught, and students reporting that they had never cheated. Our findings showed that noncheaters are older, have better grade point averages, and have more sophisticated moral and epistemological reasoning skills. Qualitative analyses revealed that denial of responsibility and injury were the most common neutralization techniques and differed between the sanctioned and self-reported cheaters. We discuss the need to examine the extent to which reasoning skills have a causal impact on cheating behaviors.
Delayed Egg Hatching of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Pending Water Agitation

Mosquito eggs laid on water surfaces typically hatch spontaneously soon after the embryos within them become fully formed first-instar larvae. However, we have found that Anopheles gambiae Giles, an important vector of malaria in Africa, exhibits delayed hatching until the water surface is agitated, a feature overlooked in most laboratory colonies. Agitation within 24 h postoviposition, before embryonation was complete, failed to stimulate delayed postembryonic hatching of isolated eggs on the following day (day 2), when < 1% had hatched spontaneously. However, 5 min of water agitation of these dormant pharate first-instar larvae on day 2 resulted in an almost immediate hatch of 63.3 versus 0% of nonagitated controls, plus another 3.9 versus 0.3%, respectively, during the following 24 h. With daily agitation, installment hatching occurred mainly during 2-6 d postoviposition. The mean cumulative hatch after 7 d of daily agitation was 83.1 versus 1.1% of nonagitated eggs. Experiments with eggs in groups demonstrated that egg density and activity of already-hatched larvae had no stimulatory effect. Eggs stored 1-4 wk at 25.5 or at 15.5 degrees C, and then agitated daily for 6 d at 25.5 degrees C, showed a gradual decline in viability. Viability was sustained longer at the lower temperature. Implications of agitation-induced egg hatching for rainy-season and dry-season ecology of An. gambiae are discussed. Suspended hatching and cool storage already are proving convenient for efficient mass rearing and accurate modeling of weather-based population dynamics.
Advances in HgCdTe APDs and LADAR receivers

Raytheon is developing NIR sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) for scanning and staring 3D LADAR systems. High sensitivity is obtained by integrating high performance detectors with gain i.e. APDs with very low noise Readout Integrated Circuits. Unique aspects of these designs include: independent acquisition (non-gated) of pulse returns, multiple pulse returns with both time and intensity reported to enable full 3D reconstruction of the image. Recent breakthrough in device design has resulted in HgCdTe APDs operating at 300K with essentially no excess noise to gains in excess of 100, low NEP <1nW and GHz bandwidths and have demonstrated linear mode photon counting. SCAs utilizing these high performance APDs have been integrated and demonstrated excellent spatial and range resolution enabling detailed 3D imagery both at short range and long ranges. In this presentation we will review progress in high resolution scanning, staring and ultra-high sensitivity photon counting LADAR sensors.
Forecasting Travel Demand with Alternatively Structured Models of Trip Frequency

Abstract This paper develops alternatively structured trip frequency/generation models, and investigates their forecast performance. The first model presented is the simple linear model with a discussion of its theoretical shortcomings. Models that address, in a progressive fashion, the underlying shortcomings of the linear model are then presented. These models are namely the truncated normal model, the Poisson model, the negative binomial model, and an ordered logit model. The modeling unit employed in the study is the individual. The models are assessed by how closely they are able to replicate trips produced by each individual in the dataset, and by each traffic zone. This assessment of performance in prediction is conducted on an estimation dataset collected in the Toronto Region in 1986, and on an independent dataset collected in the same geographic region, 10 years later, in 1996. The results show that, notwithstanding the simplicity of the simple linear model and its lack of an explicit underlying...
When They Honor the Voice: Centering African American Women’s Call Stories

This study assumes a personal and critical perspective and explores the point of view of a few African American ordained women ministers whose stories about their calls to the preaching ministry gi...