cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing a Longitudinal Reflection Curriculum: A Case Study Of Student Self-Awareness Expressed Through Rotation Goal Achievement.

The Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education 2013 Affective Domain mandates students develop self-awareness of personal attributes affecting professional growth. Students should self-identify needs, create and implement goals, and evaluate success. This case study describes the qualitative and quantitative findings of an intentional reflection assignment prompting students to engage in a cycle of goal writing – monitoring – reflection – new goal writing, during an immersive clinical practice experience. A blinded review of 144 student assignments is presented in the context of a curricular review of the Reflective Practitioner Program (RPP), a longitudinal reflective thread spanning four years of professional pharmacy training. Evidence gathered in the assignment review indicates that students are sufficiently capable of establishing meaningful goals and describing why the goal is important to their professional development. In contrast, students struggle with articulating strategies for goal achievement and emotions experienced during goal monitoring. In consideration of these findings, RPP faculty identified three major themes when discussing key aspects of the RPP curricular design: 1) students need to articulate strategies for goal achievement in addition to stated aims, 2) students hesitate to identify emotions when reflecting, and 3) reflection needs to be both retrospective and prospective in nature. This case study has resulted in meaningful changes to RPP curricular design and illustrates how programs may approach assessment of the Affective Domain via common curricular elements. Conflict of Interst: None Type: Case Study
Quality of Life After Combined Endonasal Endoscopic Odontoidectomy and Posterior Suboccipital Decompression and Fusion.

Background Basilar invagination can result from systemic diseases that can weaken structural integrity of the craniocervical junction. Definitive treatment often requires ventral decompression and posterior decompression and fusion. Endonasal odontoidectomy is a relatively new minimal access procedure; quality of life (QOL) after this procedure has not been reported. Methods We reviewed a consecutive database of endonasal odontoidectomy cases and identified patients having posterior decompression and fusion. Two QOL questionnaires were administered postoperatively: Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and 36-Item Short Form Survey. Comparisons with other endonasal or Chiari procedures were performed. Results The study comprised 14 patients; 79% had Chiari malformation in addition to basilar invagination. Mean follow-up was 17.2 months. Symptomatic improvement occurred in 78.6% after surgery. Average postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores were 39.2 ± 17.93, with worst scores in areas related to fatigue and sleep patterns but not nasal function. 36-Item Short Form Survey scores were lower in areas of physical function and general health but better for emotional health and pain. Compared with patients undergoing Chiari malformation surgery without endonasal odontoid resection or fusion, patients undergoing odontoidectomy had higher QOL in areas of role emotional, emotional well-being, and pain but worse QOL in general health and role physical. Conclusions Patients undergoing posterior decompression and fusion with endonasal odontoidectomy do well after surgery with respect to nasal function and emotional health. Patients who also have severe basilar invagination associated with systemic diseases demonstrate reduced QOL after surgery in areas of physical function and sleep leading to fatigue, irritability, and concentration difficulty, likely related to their systemic disease.
African-American Women and Self-Disclosure of HIV Infection: Rates, Predictors, and Relationship to Depressive Symptomatology

Unlike the prevalence rate of AIDS diagnoses for men, the prevalence rate for women has not reached a plateau. Moreover, the rate of AIDS diagnosis for African-American women is 17 times higher than for White women. In the context of considerable stress, these women must grapple with the question of to whom they can disclose their HIV diagnosis with minimal risk of negative consequences. This study examines patterns of disclosure to significant others, predictors of disclosure, and the relationship between disclosure and psychological functioning. Analyses indicated that women disclosed at varying rates to six different categories of others. Disclosure to mothers (66%) was most common, followed by disclosure to partners (56%). Rates of disclosure to children (28%) and fathers (25%) were lowest. Women's illness status predicted disclosure to father and friends. Only disclosure to partner was significantly related to women's psychological functioning: Fewer symptoms of depression were evident in women who had disclosed their HIV status to their partners compared to those who had not disclosed.
Queueing Network Models of Material Handling and Transportation Systems

Whether in a factory setting or supply chain service operation, the non-instantaneous movement of products and customers is an important part of the performance measures of these systems e.g. throughput, cycle time, and work-in-process (WIP). One approach to capturing these measures in material handling or transportation movement is shown in this chapter with state dependent queueing networks.
The Paramyxoviruses and Orthomyxoviruses

Paramyxoviruses are responsible for a number of serious diseases of humans and animals (mumps, measles, parainfluenza, Newcastle disease, distemper, rinderpest). Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is found in flocks of birds throughout most of the world. Virulent strains are lethal, especially those that replicate in and destroy the host tissues needed for immunologic response. Other paramyxoviruses are associated primarily with respiratory tract infections in animals. The paramyxoviridae share with the orthomyxoviridae their affinity for the sialic acid of cell surface glycoproteins used as receptors (Fraenkel-Conrat et at., 1988). Table 1 compares the paramyxo- and orthomyxoviruses (Kingsbury, 1985).
Low-frequency ultradian insulin rhythms are coupled to cardiovascular, autonomic, and neuroendocrine rhythms

Plasma insulin levels were assayed to compare with earlier reported rhythms of the cardiovascular, autonomic, and neuroendocrine systems in 10 resting normal adults over 5-6 h. Our earlier report included time-series analysis for impedance cardiography measures of stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, thoracic fluid index, ejection velocity index, and ventricular ejection time; automated cuff measures of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures; the nasal cycle as a marker of lateralized autonomic tone; and indwelling venous catheters for sampling blood every 7.5 min to assay for adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Insulin was later assayed from the same plasma samples. Time-series analysis using the fast orthogonal search method of Korenberg detected insulin periodicities at ranges of 220-340, 115-145, 70-100, and 40-65, with significance across subjects at ranges of 115-145, 70-100, and 40-65 min. Significant periods for the other parameters were reported earlier at 220-340, 170-215, 115-145, 70-100, and 40-65 min, with periods at 115-145, 70-100, and 40-65 min dominating across parameters. These results suggest that insulin secretion has a common pacemaker (the hypothalamus) or a mutually entrained pacemaker with the autonomic, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine systems.
The Battle of Wikileaks: Mass Self-Communication, Hacker Culture, and Financial Institutions

In 2010, WikiLeaks raised considerable discussion over the disclosure of sensitive documents to the public domain (Gellman & Harrell, 2010; Ludlow, 2010). Whether WikiLeaks is a media organization dedicated to bring important news and information to the public as WikiLeaks members claimed is questionable. Yet, it is a reality that Wikileaks is a network society emerged around a global web of horizontal communication networks that exchange information. It acts as an alternative media as well as a form of social movement that aims to change power relations in the society. This paper examines Castells’s mass self-communication thesis (2007, 2009) which argues that in the age of network society although the media do not hold power per se, they have become the social space where power is decided. Though the importance of mainstream media coverage for firm valuation has been well-documented, relatively little is known about the impact of as mass self communication - new horizontal and digital communication network - on stock values. As an attempt to fill this gap, this study investigates the influence of recent WikiLeaks disclosure on the stock market values of banking industry, in particular on Bank of America. The results of an event study analysis showed that Wikileaks indeed had an impact on Bank of America’s abnormal return. Specifically, Bank of America hit the lowest value (under $11) since 2009 following the interview on November 30, 2010.
“The Disability Rights Community was Never Mine”: Neuroqueer Disidentification:

Drawing from contemporary blog data, this article examines an emerging project termed “neuroqueer.” Neuroqueer is a collaboration of activists, academics, and bloggers engaging in online community ...
Real-time Monitoring of Photo Voltaic Reliability Only Using Maximum Power Point - the Suns-Vmp Method

Millions of solar panels have been deployed around the world for electricity production. Meanwhile, these solar panels are routinely generating a massive amount of streaming data of current and voltage as they operate at the maximum power point (MPP). The existing characterization methods, however, cannot effectively mine and decode these datasets to provide useful insights of the degradation for solar panels. In this paper, we propose the new Suns-Vmp methodology, which offers a degradation-agnostic approach to monitoring and diagnosing the reliability of solar panel in real time by physically interpreting the MPP data. The physics-based method reconstructs “IV” curves based on MPP characteristics under varying illumination and temperature, from which time-series circuit parameters can be extracted using equivalent circuits. The proposed method has been applied to analyze the data obtained from an NREL test facility. Our Suns- Vmp based analysis indicates that the solar panels have failed within nine years with a rate of ~3 %/year, mostly likely due to yellowing/delamination of EVA and contact corrosion. Integrated with degradation models or machine learning, the method can also serve to predict the lifetime of PV systems.
Autograding Distributed Algorithms in Networked Containers

We present a container-based system to automatically run and evaluate networked applications that implement distributed algorithms. Our implementation of this design leverages lightweight, networked Docker containers to provide students with fast, accurate, and helpful feedback about the correctness of their submitted code. We provide a simple, easy-to-use interface for instructors to specify networks, deploy and run instances of student and instructor code, and to log and collect statistics concerning node connection types and message content. Instructors further have the ability to control network features such as message delay, drop, and reorder. Running student programs can be interfaced with via stream-controlled standard input or through additional containers running custom instructor software. Student program behavior can be automatically evaluated by analyzing console or file output and instructor-specified rules regarding network communications. Program behavior, including logs of all messages passed within the system, can optionally be displayed to the student to aid in development and debugging. We evaluate the utility of this design and implementation for managing the submission and robust and secure testing of programming projects in a large enrollment theory of distributed systems course. This research has been implemented as an extension to Submitty, an open source, language-agnostic course management platform with automated testing and automated grading of student programming assignments. Submitty supports all levels of courses, from introductory to advanced special topics, and includes features for manual grading by TAs, version control, team submission, discussion forums, and plagiarism detection.
Encouraging Active Citizen Voices on International Policy? The Record of U.S. Faith-based NGOs

How do faith-based NGOs educate and mobilize their US constituencies, beyond appealing for donations? I examine ten diverse faith-based NGOs’ presentation of advocacy on their websites, along with ...
Porter’s Diamond Factor Conditions Determinant: Effect on Automotive Industry of Pakistan

The purpose of the study was to investigate Porter’s diamond attribute factor conditions influence on the performance of firms in the automotive industry of Pakistan. Research methodology used positivism philosophy, data collection instrument used was the structured questionnaire after conducting the pilot study; cross-sectional design was constructed, probability method constituted the data collection approach, parametric and non-parametric statistics used to analyze the data, and hypothesis tested using regression model. The sample size was 194 respondents. The research study found out that there is non-availability of empirical studies on Porter’s diamond in Pakistan. Porter’s diamond factor conditions determinant conceptual and theoretical theme has the potential to provide CA to the industry. Conclusively the study pointed out the underlying force of factor conditions being one of the attributes of Porter’s diamond having significant influence on the performance of the automotive industry of Pakistan. The study examined the automotive industry exclusively from the perspective of private, multinational corporations (MNCs) and joint ventures. There are strategic practical implications of the study findings for academia, practitioners, and government constituencies. The significance of the study lies in the pragmatic perspective provided to the automotives industry players and the government policy makers in realizing the national competitive advantage (NCA) by internalizing the factor conditions as an attribute of Porter’s diamond.
Transmission Capacity Expansion Is Needed to Decarbonize the Electricity Sector Efficiently

Paul Joskow is the Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he joined the faculty in 1972. He has served as the Chairman of the Department of Economics and as the Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research. From 2008 to 2017, he was the President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Econometric Society, and a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association and of the Industrial Organization Society. He has published widely on topics in industrial organization, energy economics, electricity markets, and government regulation.
Tuning the catecholase activity of bis(pyrazolyl)methane-based copper(II) complexes by substitutions of the ligand core: unraveling a dual O2/H2O2 oxidation mechanism

Abstract Five new dinuclear copper(II) complexes based on dicompartmental ligands of the general formula R1R2R1-C6(OH)[C(O)-NH-CH2-CH(pz)2]2 (pz = pyrazolyl ring, R1 = R2 = H: HHH-Cu2; R1 = H, R2 = t-Bu: HButH-Cu2; R1 = Me, R2 = H: MeHMe-Cu2; R1 = Me, R2 = Br: MeBrMe-Cu2; R1 = Me, R2 = NO2: MeNO2Me-Cu2) were prepared and characterized in both solution and solid state. The phenoxide moiety acts as a bridge between two copper(II) centers; the remaining coordination sites of the metals are filled by the deprotonated N-amide atoms, the nitrogen atoms originating from the bis(pyrazolyl)methane groups and one exogenous hydroxide bridge. The catecholase-type activity of these dicopper complexes was studied in methanol, using a combination of aerobic and anaerobic methods. These investigations revealed that the substitution pattern of the central arene ring has an impact on the catalytic activity of our complexes, with the catalytic activity increasing in the following order: HHH-Cu2
Milking the Sacred Cow: Research and the Quest for Useful Knowledge in the American University since 1920:

The American university is now roughly a century old,1 even though there exists no particular date to mark this auspicious anniversary. One hundred years ago, the great experiments of Daniel Coit Gilman at Johns Hopkins and Andrew D. White at Cornell had not only survived and sunk roots, but had also begun to exert an influence on other leading universities. The American Ph.D., first awarded by Yale in 1861, had by the 1880s become commonplace, if not numerous. That decade saw Charles W. Eliot's elective system put fully into place and the transformation of Harvard from college to university well under way. By the late 1880s as well, the fruits of the Morrill Act, the state land-grant colleges, were entering a new and more robust phase, even though it would be another two decades before they would begin to rival their privately controlled counterparts. This decade was in fact the high tide of influence of German universities in this country; but as the brightest and most motivated young American scholars returned from their obligatory German tours of study, they would spend the next generation adapting the ideals of Wissenschaft and Lehrfreiheit to the realities of higher education as they found them in this country. The university-builders of that era had to wrestle with two ineluctable features of American higher education. First, the American college was basically a teaching institution. It received a relatively large number of poorly prepared students, and devoted much of its energy to providing them with basic instruction. Only a small number of these students seemed to possess the ability and the motivation for what was called "true" university workthe investigation of advanced subjects at or near the frontiers of knowledge. The second major obstacle was that research-the hallmark of a true
Salty Taste: From Transduction to Transmitter Release, Hold the Calcium

Detection of NaCl by the gustatory system is fundamental for salt intake and tissue homeostasis. Yet, signal transduction mechanisms for salty taste have remained obscure. In this issue of Neuron, Nomura et al. (2020) report that the epithelial sodium channel ENaC, which serves as the salty receptor, is co-expressed with the voltage-activated ATP release channel CALHM1/3 in a subset of taste cells and that these cells mediate amiloride-sensitive salty taste.
Stakeholder stories: Exploring social tourism networks

Abstract Social tourism networks are uniquely diverse, as they include beneficiaries who are usually excluded from tourism participation. They often rely on collaborations with social organisations outside of tourism. This paper discusses the ‘Large Scale Listening’ project conducted by the Holiday Participation Centre, the social tourism division of Tourism Flanders (Belgium). In the project, 1004 micro-narratives were collected. After narrators told their stories, they were presented with a list of follow-up questions that allowed them to tag and code their own stories, enabling them to directly influence how their stories were interpreted. The findings of the study highlight a joint commitment to social tourism, but differences in perspectives between different stakeholder groups in terms of the travel participation enablers and inhibitors.
Abstract 1474: IDO1 signaling supports inflammatory neovascularization

We have identified a distinct role for the immunoregulatory, tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) in supporting neovascularization through its positioning as a key regulatory node between the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ (interferon γ) and IL6 (interleukin 6). IFNγ is a primary inducer of IDO1, but is also a key mediator of immune-based tumor suppression, which some studies have associated with its anti-angiogenic activity. Conversely, genetic studies in mice have clearly established a tumor-promoting role for IDO1, suggesting that it may interact with IFNγ in a negative feedback capacity. Targeted disruption of the Ido1 gene in mice resulted in enhanced resistance to lung tumor and metastasis development. This corresponded with attenuated induction of the pro-angiogenic cytokine IL6, which, when provided through ectopic expression, was able to restore pulmonary metastasis susceptibility to Ido1-/- mice. These initial findings suggested that IDO1 might contribute to cancer promotion by countering the anti-neovascular effect of IFNγ, possibly through IDO1-potentiated elevation of IL6. Consistent with this hypothesis, mice lacking either IDO1 or IL6 exhibited pulmonary metastasis resistance that was dependent on IFNγ and coupled with reduced tumor neovascularization. Neovascularization in a mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy model was likewise affected by IDO1 or IL6 loss, separating this process from the contextual complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Investigation into the cellular and molecular basis for the observed biology revealed that, within the heterogeneous expanse of Gr1+ MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), the ability to independently elicit neovascularization in vivo was restricted to a highly autofluorescent population of CD11blo cells. This included a discrete, IDO1-expressing subpopulation, designated IDVCs (IDO1-dependent vascularizing cells), that, in an IDO1-dependent fashion, dominantly determined whether neovascularization was sustained. Mechanistically, the induction of IDO1 in IDVCs was found to provide a negative feedback constraint on the anti-angiogenic effect of host IFNγ through GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2)-mediated activation of the integrated stress response and potentiation of IL6 production within these cells. These findings reveal fundamental molecular and cellular insights into how IDO1 interfaces with the inflammatory milieu to support neovascularization. Citation Format: Souvik Dey, Arpita Mondal, James B. DuHadaway, Erika Sutanto-Ward, Lisa Laury-Kleintop, Sunil Thomas, George C. Prendergast, Laura Mandik-Nayak, Alexander J. Muller. IDO1 signaling supports inflammatory neovascularization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1474.
Plk1 regulates FoxM1 activity during G2-M phase

LB-221 Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has essential roles in the multiple events during M phase, including mitotic entry, spindle formation, cytokinesis and mitotic exit. However, little is known about its physiological substrates and how it orchestrates several events during cell division. While searching for Plk1 binding proteins, we identified the Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor as a substrate of Plk1. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FoxM1 is a core transcription factor which regulates the G2/M transcriptional program and ensures mitotic progression, similar to the role of E2F transcription factors during the G1/S transition. The phenotypes resulting from the loss of FoxM1 expression ( such as delay at G2 phase, frequent chromosome missegregation, defects in cytokinesis and overt aneuploidy) are reminiscent of a subset of phenotypes described previously in those of Plk1. This would suggest that FoxM1 and Plk1 may function in the same and/or overlapping signaling pathway. In fact, FoxM1 exhibited a similar expression pattern as Plk1 during the cell cycle. As with other Plk1 substrates, we also identified two CDK2 phosphorylation sites on FoxM1 that are critical for the binding to the Polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1. Furthermore, FoxM1 can be phosphorylated by Plk1 in vitro as well as in vivo and this phosphorylation occurs during G2/M phase. Phosphorylation by Plk1 resulted in the activation of FoxM1 transcriptional activity. Analysis of serial deletion mutations revealed that Plk1 phosphorylates FoxM1 at multiple sites, with the major region of phosphorylation being the c-terminal half of FoxM1. Among several potential phosphorylation sites identified by Mass spectrometry, we found two major Plk1 phosphorylation sites on FoxM1. A phospho-mutant form of FoxM1 (FoxM1-2A), in which the two major phosphorylation sites are replaced by alanines, abolished the Plk1-induced activation of FoxM1. Conversely, a phospho-mimic form of FoxM1 (FoxM1-2E), in which the two major phosphorylation sites are substituted by glutamic acid, exhibited constitutive activation. These data suggest that those two phosphorylation sites are responsible for the majority of Plk1-mediated regulation. Interestingly, silencing of FoxM1 by small interfering RNA resulted in mitotic defects, which were rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type FoxM1, but not FoxM1 with mutations in the Plk1 phosphorylation sites. These results reveal that Plk1 regulates the G2/M transcriptional program through transcriptional activation of FoxM1. Based on these findings, we propose that after initial phosphorylation by Cdks, Plk1 functions to activate FoxM1, resulting in the initiation of the G2/M transcriptional program ensuring the proper mitotic progression. In summary, these data identified a novel role of Plk1 during mitosis and show a novel mechanism by which Plk1 is involved in the control of the transcription program during cell division.
Economic Security and the Strength of Religious Cleavages

Religious belief and church-attendance often go hand in hand, but the strength of the connection between these two dimensions of religiosity varies considerably across countries. By focusing on the strength of this connection, this paper challenges the entrenched idea that the politicization of religion in elections will decline as economic security increases. We provide evidence from established democracies that religious belief has the strongest connection to religious practice in societies where economic security is the highest. We also show that religious voting cleavages are strongest when there is a strong connection between religious belief and church attendance. This is true because strong beliefs are associated with distinctive policy preferences (but not with political engagement), and church attendance is associated with political engagement (but not, so much, with distinctive policy preferences). Thus, societies with high levels of economic security can facilitate the cohesion of religious groups associated with strong religious voting cleavages.
Effortful Control and Extensive Observations of Negative Emotion as Joint Predictors of Teacher–Student Conflict in Childhood

Studies with extensive observations of real-life emotions at school are rare but might be especially useful for predicting school-related outcomes. This study evaluated observations of negative emo...
The significance of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression in spindle cell lesions of the breast.

Spindle cell lesions of the breast are rare entities and pose a diagnostic challenge for pathologists due to overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features. We evaluated EZH2 expression in various benign (fibromatosis (n = 8), myofibroblastoma (n = 7), neurofibroma (n = 1), nodular fasciitis (n = 5), benign phyllodes tumor (n = 18)) and malignant (malignant phyllodes tumor (n = 8), metaplastic breast carcinoma (n = 16) and angiosarcoma (n = 8)) spindle cell lesions as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic marker. The EZH2 expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively to categorize the cases as 'low' and 'high' expression. All benign lesions showed low EZH2 expression, whereas high EZH2 expression was observed in the majority (28/32; 88%) of malignant lesions. The study results suggest that EZH2 may be used both as an additional diagnostic tool to reach an accurate diagnosis of the spindle cell lesions of the breast and as a therapeutic target for the malignant lesions.
Long-term baseline ozone changes in the Western US: A synthesis of analyses.

Quantification of the magnitude and long-term changes in ozone concentrations transported into the U.S. is important for effective air quality policy development. We synthesize multiple published t...
Lubrication Practices and Receptive Anal Sex: Implications for STI Transmission and Prevention.

Author(s): Lee, Austin; Gaither, Thomas W; Langston, Marvin E; Cohen, Stephanie E; Breyer, Benjamin N | Abstract: IntroductionImplications of lubricant use in men having sex with men (MSM) are poorly characterized, particularly associations with sexual behavior and rectal sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk.AimWe sought to clarify covariates associated with lubrication type including differing sexual preferences and rectal STI prevalence.MethodsPrimary English-speaking individuals ≥18 years old visiting San Francisco City Clinic (SFCC) between April and May of 2018 who endorsed lubricant use during receptive anal sex within the last 3 months were studied. Associations between lubrication type used and collected covariates were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance for continuous variables and Chi-squared test for categorical variables. We used logistic regression to examine the association between lubrication type and rectal STI test result.Main outcome measuresRectal STI test positivity.ResultsFrom all enrolled participants, 179 completed the survey and endorsed use of a lubricant during receptive anal sex within the last 3 months. Silicone lubricant users had the most sexual partners in the last 3 months (13 [mean] ± 30 [SD], P= .0003) and were most likely to have a history of gonorrhea. Oil-based lubricant users had the most partners with whom they had receptive anal sex in the last 3 months (7 ± 6, P= .03). Water-based lubricant users most commonly used a condom in their last sexual encounter and had the fewest sexual partners in the last 3 months (4 ± 4, P= .0003). Spit/saliva lubricant use was associated with positive rectal STI result.ConclusionSilicone and oil-based lubricant users were more likely to report condomless receptive anal sex and to have a history of gonorrhea while spit/saliva lubricant use associated with positive rectal STI acquisition. Lee A, Gaither TW, Langston ME, etnal. Lubrication Practices and Receptive Anal Sex: Implications for STI Transmission and Prevention. Sex Med 2021;9:100341.
Fair Housing: Asian and Latino/a Experiences, Perceptions, and StrategiesFair Housing

This article uses the National Asian American Survey to explore issues of housing access and discrimination among Asians and Latino/as, and particularly how identity and heterogeneity within these two groups can lead to their underrepresentation in housing programs. Then, using Philadelphia as a case study, we draw on administrative data, interviews, and focus groups to show that both Asians and Latino/as are underrepresented due to a range of linguistic, cultural, and structural barriers. These findings highlight the complexity of affirmatively furthering fair housing for America’s increasingly diverse population.
Digital city, human labour: commercial content moderation, infrastructure and the humans that power them

In recent years, the Philippines has emerged as the business process outsourcing (BPO)—or call center—capital of the world (Bajaj, 2011), surpassing India at one one-tenth the latter's population. In order to facilitate its position as the world's offshoring/outsourcing employment center, great infrastructure requirements have been needed to support the seemingly effortless flow of data and information in and out of the archipelago. Such accommodations have included significant geospatial and geopolitical reconfigurations, particularly since the 1990s. Public-private partnerships (PPP) between agencies of the Filipino government, such as PEZA (the Philippine Economic Zone Authority), along with private development firms and their access to huge amounts of capital, have transformed contemporary greater Manila into a series of special economic zones (colloquially known as "ecozones”) and IT parks: privatized islands of skyscrapers and fiber, luxury shopping districts and global headquarters of transnational firms, within a megalopolis in which brownouts are still a common occurrence. Building off the critical infrastructure turn in digital media studies (Hogan, 2015; Parks & Starosielski, 2015; Starosielski, 2015), this paper ties the presenter's previous work on data laborers in North America to their counterparts in Manila, all of whom work in commercial content moderation (CCM): the adjudicating user-generated online content. CCM workers do so against increasingly hostile data metrics, inhospitable workplace climates, and potential ruptures allowing for modes of resistance. This paper makes the key connection between the Philippines as global labor center and the infrastructure—physical, technological, political, sociocultural and historical—that exists to support it. The cases of Eastwood City, the Philippines' first designated IT Park ecozone, owned and developed by Megaworld Corporation, and the Bonifacio Global City, or BGC, an erstwhile military base, will be explored, all contextualized by discussion of the Philippines' colonial past and its post-colonial contemporary realities (Padios, 2012; Tadiar, 2004).
Animal agriculture in Indonesia

Even though the average inhabitant of Indonesia had only 0.07 animal units and consumes only 2.5 grams of animal protein per day, animal agriculture is important to both the agricultural and overall economy. The significance of this statement will become clear as we study the farming system in Indonesia along with the purpose of animals in these systems. Since Indonesia is a new country and is far-removed from the North American continent, it is possible that our understanding would be greater if there were discussions on some general features of Indonesia, such as its location and size, its people, and the total population and density. In addition, there are some distinct breeds in Indonesia, thus it is indicated that the animal genetic resoures be discussed.
Improving Serious Illness Communication: Testing the Serious Illness Care Program with Trainees.

Abstract Introduction Early conversations about patients’ goals and values improve care, but clinicians struggle to conduct them. The systems-based Serious Illness Care Program (SICP) helps clinicians have more, better, and earlier conversations. Central to this approach is a clinician conversation guide for patient encounters. While the SICP works for practicing clinicians, it has not been tested with medical trainees. Methods We adapted the SICP training to emphasize assessing prognostic awareness and responding to emotion. We developed a 2.5-hour SICP workshop for medical students and medical interns that included large- and small-group work, practice with an actor, and interdisciplinary clinician facilitators. We trained 81 students and 156 interns and obtained anonymous quantitative and qualitative feedback. Results Eighty-six percent of students and 91% of residents rated the session as “very good” or “excellent” and >90% of all learners would either recommend this training or intended to apply this to their practice. Post-session learner confidence increased in all communication skills. Learners said the training provided a helpful framework and useful language for these conversations. Resident documentation of serious illness conversations in the medical record increased dramatically during the year following training commencement. Discussion Grounded in principles of adult learning theory, this training was rated highly by trainees and resulted in demonstrable practice change. These early learners were more flexible and willing to try this approach than practicing clinicians who tend to resist or revert to old habits. A Guide represents a new paradigm for teaching communication skills and is valued by early learners.
Women and Health Citizenship in Colonial Saint-Louis-Du-Senegal, 1820-1920

Using the archival materials and oral sources collected in Senegal and France, the paper examines the new challenges, dilemmas, and questions that the introduction of Western medicine posed to women during the formative years of the French empire in West Africa, in general, and in Senegal, in particular. It looks at the choices women made to protect or promote their health and that of their families. Depending on their class position, women made their choices not only in accordance with their social, cultural, and religious norms and practices but also as a result of their own observation of the operations of the medical bureaucracy as well as their assessment of the effectiveness and limits of biomedicine.
Anxiety as a Barrier to Information Processing in the Event of a Cyberattack

As postindustrial societies become more dependent on technology, they also become encumbered by greater risk. With the mounting news reports of cyberattacks, a common reaction to these technology-based hazards is anxiety. Whether anxiety enhances or erodes information processing is a topic of debate in previous literature, and equally uncertain is whether mass anxiety facilitates or hobbles the public's ability to contemplate current events. In light of three theoretical models in the basic research of anxiety, we hypothesized that (1) anxious participants are less able to recall the information in a news report of cyberattack than their nonanxious counterparts, (2) they become increasingly inept at recalling the details as the storyline unfolds, and (3) this impairment is unique to anxiety. Participants in Study 1 (130 college students) and Study 2 (392 American adults) viewed a news story of a cyberattack and then reported their emotional states and their levels of understanding of the various parts of the report—except that the anxiety in Study 1 was naturalistic, and in Study 2, experimentally manipulated. Results from both studies showed that anxiety undermined recall performance. In addition, Study 1 found that the recall was worse towards the middle and the end of the news story and that other emotions were not significantly associated with memory deficit. Anxiety is discussed as a barrier for the public to stay informed about cyberattacks.
Improving inversion median computation using commuting reversals and cycle information

In the past decade, genome rearrangements have attracted increasing attention fromboth biologists and computer scientists as a newtype of data for phylogenetic analysis.Methods for reconstructing phylogeny fromgenome rearrangements include distance-based methods, MCMC methods and direct optimization methods. The latter, pioneered by Sankoff and extended with the software suite GRAPPA and MGR, is the most accurate approach, but is very limited due to the difficulty of its scoring procedure-it must solvemultiple instances of median problem to compute the score of a given tree. The median problem is known to be NP-hard and all existing solvers are extremely slow when the genomes are distant. In this paper, we present a new inversion median heuristic for unichromisomal genomes. The new method works by applying sets of reversals in a batch where all such reversals both commute and do not break the cycle of any other. Our testing using simulated datasets shows that this method is much faster than the leading solver for difficult datasets with only a slight accuracy penalty, yet retains better accuracy than other heuristics with comparable speed. This new method will dramatically increase the speed of current direct optimization methods and enables us to extend the range of their applicability to organellar and small nuclear genomes with more than 50 inversions along each edge. As a further improvement, this new method can very quickly produce reasonable solutions to problemswith hundreds of genes.
Aging, Metacognition, and Cognitive Control

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an ongoing research program on the strategic behavior during learning, especially with reference to adult development and aging. The chapter summarizes the key findings from this research program. It turns next to a definition of strategy use and to the conceptual framework of strategy and aging that highlights the interplay between strategic behavior and other constructs central to both social and cognitive psychology. The effects of aging on memory are widely studied. Older adults show substantial deficits in associative learning; memory for paired-associate materials is shown to be impaired in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. These deficits occur in samples that are carefully screened for memory pathology (—for example, Alzheimer's disease) and hence cannot be attributed to age-correlated brain disease; instead, the associative learning deficit appears to be a feature of normal aging. A contribution of research to this area is to evaluate the hypothesis that age differences in encoding strategies contribute to the associative deficit. After presenting this framework and its relevance to research in this area, it reviews major findings regarding strategy use and then discusses the future directions for our research program that one currently envisions.
Probably benign breast MRI lesions: frequency, lesion type, and rate of malignancy.

Purpose To determine the frequency, malignancy rate, and imaging characteristics of BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 3 MRI detected lesions. Materials and Methods A total of 4370 consecutive contrast-enhanced breast MRI exams from March 1, 2004, to March 1, 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. The study was HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act) compliant and Institutional Review Board approved. The frequency of BI-RADS 3 MRI interpretations and lesion type, as well as malignancy rate at follow-up were calculated. Results There were 348/4370 (8%) BI-RADS 3 exams performed on 345 patients. There were 125 foci (35.9%), 52 non-masslike enhancements (14.9%), and 171 masses (49.1%). There were 207 lesions with biopsy or imaging follow-up of at least 24 months (mean, 32 months; range, 6–77 months) of the BI-RADS 3 lesion. Five of these 207 (2.4%) lesions were found to be malignant. Conclusion Rate of malignancy among BI-RADS 3 MRI exams with follow-up was 2.4%. Types of lesions assigned as probably benign were 35.9% foci, 14.9% non-masslike enhancements, and 49.1% masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:789–794. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Ground They Walk On: Photography and Narrative Inquiry

In this project, the author explores a novel variation on an established social science research method, photo-elicitation. The author photographed eight school principals during a two-year period and asked the principals to respond to the photographs by writing narratives below each. The author uses photography, reflections, and her own memories to construct descriptive narrative snapshots of the eight principals. Further, the author argues that this approach underscores how photographs are both technically and socially constructed and through the use of photoelicitation new ways of understanding self and others in relation can be explored. Key Words: Narrative Inquiry, Photography, and PhotoElicitation
Evidence that RME-1, a conserved C. elegans EH-domain protein, functions in endocytic recycling

In genetic screens for new endocytosis genes in Caenorhabditis elegans we identified RME-1, a member of a conserved class of Eps15-homology (EH)-domain proteins. Here we show that RME-1 is associated with the periphery of endocytic organelles, which is consistent with a direct role in endocytic transport. Endocytic defects in rme-1 mutants indicate that the protein is likely to have a function in endocytic recycling. Evidence from studies of mammalian RME-1 also points to a function for RME-1 in recycling, specifically in the exit of membrane proteins from recycling endosomes. These studies show a conserved function in endocytic recycling for the RME-1 family of EH proteins.
Batteries: Basic Principles, Technologies, and Modeling

The sections in this article are Introduction Basic Principles History of Batteries Battery Applications and Market Thermodynamics of Batteries and Electrode Kinetics Thermodynamics and Cell Potentials Electrode Kinetics Transport Mechanisms in Batteries Characteristics of Batteries Theoretical Capacity and Voltage Theoretical Capacity Theoretical Voltage Battery Technologies Primary Batteries Leclanche's Cells Magnesium Cells Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Batteries Silver Oxide Cells Zinc/Air Cells Lithium Batteries Secondary Batteries Lead-acid Batteries Nickel–Cadmium Batteries Nickel–Hydrogen Batteries Nickel–Metal Hydride (Ni/MH) Batteries Lithium-ion Batteries (Li-ion) Mathematical Modeling of Batteries Schematic Diagram and Complexity of the Model Empirical Models First-principle Models Formulation of the Equations Solution of Model Equations Estimation of Properties and Parameters Validation of the Model Summary and Battery Trends
Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Spectrum from Primordial Density Perturbations

The origin of large scale structure in the Universe is one of the key fundamental issues in cosmology. Gravitational instability models hold that large-scale structure forms as the result of gravitational amplification of initially small perturbations in the primordial density distribution. These density perturbations leave their imprint as anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. The COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) maps of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy measure the primordial density distribution on super-horizon scales and offer a unique probe of the“initial conditions” for structure formation. On smaller angular scales there can be significant processing and movement of the primordial perturbations. The resulting CMB anisotropy power spectrum is rich in content and information on these processes and important cosmological parameters. This paper presents a discussion aimed at giving the reader a heuristic understanding of the significant effects.