cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity Due to Impurity Scattering for Superconductors with Overlapping Bands

Calculations of thermal conductivity due to impurity scattering for BCS-type superconductors carried out by Bardeen, Rickayzen, and Tewordt (BRT) are extended to the case of the two-spherical-band model proposed by Suhl, Mathias, and Walker using some of the results obtained recently by Sung and Shen concerning the specific heat of such superconductors. The curve obtained for the ratio of thermal conductivities in the superconducting and the normal state which is valid near the transition temperature yields values lower than the corresponding results obtained by BRT. This is caused by the lowering of the mean free path of the excitations occasioned by the possibility of intraband scattering.
Identification of a New Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Mutation and Its Effect on Bowman−Birk Protease Inhibitor Content in Soybean Seed

Soybean seed contains antinutritional compounds that inactivate digestive proteases, principally corresponding to two families: Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTi) and Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI). High levels of raw soybean/soybean meal in feed mixtures can cause poor weight gain and pancreatic abnormalities via inactivation of trypsin/chymotrypsin enzymes. Soybean protein meal is routinely heat-treated to inactivate inhibitors, a practice that is energy-intensive and costly and can degrade certain essential amino acids. In this work, we screened seed from 520 soybean accessions, using a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblots with anti-Kunitz trypsin inhibitor antibodies. A soybean germplasm accession was identified with a mutation affecting an isoform annotated as nonfunctional (KTi1), which was determined to be synergistic with a previously identified mutation (KTi3-). We observed significant proteome rebalancing in all KTi mutant lines, resulting in dramatically increased BBI protein levels.
Effects of imitative and conversational recasting treatment on the acquisition of grammar in children with specific language impairment and younger language-normal children

The purpose of the study was to compare the relative effectiveness of imitative treatment and conversational recast treatment in children with language impairment and in a group of children with no...
Kinetics of Methaemoglobin Production (2). Kinetics of the Cyanide Antidote p-Aminopropiophenone During Oral Administration:

The kinetics of methaemoglobin production by orally administered p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) was studied by using a kinetic model previously developed to describe methaemoglobinaemia consequent on intravenous injection of PAPP. Both ISIS, a simulation package, and NONLIN, a non-linear least-squares regression analysis program, were used to analyse the data. Some modification of the model was necessary to describe oral profiles and 40-50% of the administered PAPP appeared to be being metabolized at first pass to a non-active metabolite.
Inequality and the division of labor: the Davis-Moore theory reexamined

Social inequality has long been subject to theoretical dispute with moral and political overtones. The most recent debate was over the argument of American sociologists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore that unequal rewards were ‘functionally’ necessary to maintain a complex division of labour. Their theory has gained new credibility as a market model of occupational selection assuming competition among self-interested individuals. Its abstractness and limited scope need recognition, but it remains a valuable starting point for the consideration of inequality.
Urinary actin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 may predict sustained arf after ischemic injury in renal allografts

Abstract Background: Cellular damage and inflammation after ischemia contribute to sustained acute renal failure (ARF). Methods: To quantify cellular damage and inflammation in postischemic ARF and identify markers of renal functional outcome, urine specimens from 40 renal allograft recipients, including 30 cadaveric (9 "sustained ARF" and 21 "recovery" subjects) and 10 living donor allografts ("LD"), were analyzed for actin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin–6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) during the first posttransplant week. Results: On day 0, urinary actin, GGTP, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated in recipients destined to have sustained ARF compared with those destined to recover. Median values per gram of urine creatinine in the sustained ARF, recovery, and LD groups were 263.9, 0.0, and 0.0 μg for actin; 5000.0, 892.9, and 5555.6 U for GGTP; 193.1, 27.2, and 10.5 ng for IL-6; and 382.0, 17.8, and 18.5 ng for IL-8, respectively. In contrast, urinary LDH and TNF-α increased in recipients with recovering function compared with those who had sustained ARF. The corresponding median values were 36.7 and 16.3 U (recovery versus sustained ARF) for LDH, and 18.4 and 7.6 ng (LD versus sustained ARF) for TNF-α. Computational analyses using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve found that elevated urinary actin, IL-6, and IL-8 on day 0 were strong predictors of sustained ARF, where the calculated areas under the curve were 0.75, 0.91, and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion: Increased urinary actin, IL-6, and IL-8 may be useful markers for the prediction of sustained ARF after ischemia.
Are Russians the Highest-Paid Goalies in the NHL?

Twenty years after Glasnost, Russians in the National Hockey League (NHL) are now among the highest-paid goaltenders. Of the 89 NHL goalies who played at least one game in the 2008–09 season, over 33% were born outside North America (and 4.6% of the total were from either Kazakhstan or Russia). A few years after Glasnost, there was evidence that Russian-born NHL players were underpaid (see Austin et al., IAER, 1998). Salaries (in thousands of U.S. dollars) at the start of the 2008–09 season of all NHL goalies who played at least 10 games in the 2007–08 season were regressed on goals against average (GAA) [equal to goals against multiplied by 60 and then divided by the goalie’s minutes on the ice], the number of seasons (Seasons) played through 2007–08 (again, with a minimum of 10 games played in each season), and the number of seasons squared (Seasons). Ethnicity was initially broken down into four regional categories: Canadian, American, European, and Russian. Salary data are from www.nhlpa.com and players’ profiles are from www.nhl.com. Goalies receive significantly higher salaries for a lower GAA (p=.001) and experience, namely, the number of seasons played. [The coefficients on Seasons and Seasons, 1,293.9 (p< .001) and -60.44 (p= .001), respectively, suggest @Salary=@Seasons 1⁄4 0 when Seasons=10.7 or that compensation rises for the first 11 years in a goaltender’s NHL career.] European-born goalies receive, on average, Int Adv Econ Res (2010) 16:132–133 DOI 10.1007/s11294-009-9239-2
d-Cycloserine-Induced Alterations in the Transport of d-Alanine and Glycine in Bacillus subtilis 168

d-Alanine, l-alanine, and glycine transport was investigated in Bacillus subtilis 168 cells that were phenotypically resistant to d-cycloserine. These cells showed enhanced rates of uptake as compared with that observed in sensitive cells. The usual enhancement in d-alanine and glycine transport resulting from treatment of the cells with d-cycloserine could be prevented by the addition of rifampin. Kinetic analyses of the initial rate of glycine transport indicated an increase in the V max for transport in resistant cells, with no alteration in the K m for glycine. Investigations of the net transport of glycine revealed that resistant cells maintained a higher gradient of glycine than did sensitive cells. Kinetic analyses of the net transport of glycine suggested that a new system for the accumulation of glycine was present in d-cycloserine-resistant cells.
RadioGraphics: a web-based model for radiology resident self-education1

Abstract Rationale and Objectives. The residency review committee (RRC) for diagnostic radiology of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates core competencies including computer-aided applications in medicine. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the use of RadioGraphics’ on-line CME to satisfy the RRC requirements. Materials and Methods. Twenty radiology residents at a university training program read the same four articles in the on-line version of RadioGraphics. Before reading each article, the residents took the associated CME pre-test and, after completing the article, the CME post-test. Each resident completed a survey to evaluate the quality of the resident experience using RadioGraphics’ CME on-line program after completing the four articles and tests. Results. The combined mean scores of all four articles pre-test and post-test scores were 5.6 and 9.3. Significant improvement in the test scores was determined by a student t-test (P Conclusion. RadioGraphics’ on-line CME provides an effective method to teach residents skills required by the RRC.
Space-time and topological orbifolds

I consider string propagation in a certain complexified version of space-time, in an attempt to gain some intuition about a possible unbroken phase of string theory. Topological \ensuremath{\sigma} models (related to Floer and Gromov theory) correspond from this point of view to the consideration of only strings with a selfdual pattern of momenta and windings. I also observe an amusing generalization of the high-energy saddle point studied by Gross and Mende; this generalization involves complex space-time and separate Riemann surface moduli for left-moving and right-moving modes.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Applied to College Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: College counseling centers (CCCs) are increasingly being called upon to treat highly distressed students with complex clinical presentations. This study compared the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for suicidal college students with an optimized control condition and analyzed baseline global functioning as a moderator. Method: The intent-to-treat (ITT) sample included 63 college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years who were suicidal at baseline, reported at least 1 lifetime nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) act or suicide attempt, and met 3 or more borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnostic criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to DBT (n = 31) or an optimized treatment-as-usual (O-TAU) control condition (n = 32). Treatment was provided by trainees, supervised by experts in both treatments. Both treatments lasted 7-12 months and included both individual and group components. Assessments were conducted at pretreatment, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months (follow-up). Results: Mixed effects analyses (ITT sample) revealed that DBT, compared with the control condition, showed significantly greater decreases in suicidality, depression, number of NSSI events (if participant had self-injured), BPD criteria, and psychotropic medication use and significantly greater improvements in social adjustment. Most of these treatment effects were observed at follow-up. No treatment differences were found for treatment dropout. Moderation analyses showed that DBT was particularly effective for suicidal students who were lower functioning at pretreatment. Conclusions: DBT is an effective treatment for suicidal, multiproblem college students. Future research should examine the implementation of DBT in CCCs in a stepped care approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Orientation and Dispersal Patterns of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum F. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

Larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum, undergo density-dependent dispersal in response to depleted resources. Because these caterpillars have recently been implicated in abortions of pregnant mares (equine Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, or MRLS), there is increased interest in managing caterpillar populations, potentially through manipulation of caterpillar dispersal behavior. Consequently, we investigated dispersal patterns of food-deprived eastern tent caterpillars in artificial arenas with respect to distance, direction, and response to visual stimuli. Distance traveled is influenced by time of day, and is strongly correlated with time elapsed. Movement is non-random, and correlates closely with the position of the sun. The pattern is more pronounced with foraging third instars than with penultimate fifth instars. Visual cues appear important in caterpillar orientation, and caterpillars are responsive to vertically oriented, black objects.
Basic motifs target PSGL-1, CD43, and CD44 to plasma membrane sites where HIV-1 assembles.

HIV-1 incorporates various host membrane proteins during particle assembly at the plasma membrane; however, the mechanisms mediating this incorporation process remain poorly understood. We previously showed that the HIV-1 structural protein Gag localizes to the uropod, a rear-end structure of polarized T cells, and that assembling Gag copatches with a subset, but not all, of the uropod-directed proteins, i.e., PSGL-1, CD43, and CD44, in nonpolarized T cells. The latter observation suggests the presence of a mechanism promoting virion incorporation of these cellular proteins. To address this possibility and identify molecular determinants, in the present study we examined coclustering between Gag and the transmembrane proteins in T and HeLa cells using quantitative two-color superresolution localization microscopy. Consistent with the findings of the T-cell copatching study, we found that basic residues within the matrix domain of Gag are required for Gag–PSGL-1 coclustering. Notably, the presence of a polybasic sequence in the PSGL-1 cytoplasmic domain significantly enhanced this coclustering. We also found that polybasic motifs present in the cytoplasmic tails of CD43 and CD44 also promote their coclustering with Gag. ICAM-1 and ICAM-3, uropod-directed proteins that do not copatch with Gag in T cells, and CD46, a non-uropod-directed protein, showed no or little coclustering with Gag. However, replacing their cytoplasmic tails with the cytoplasmic tail of PSGL-1 significantly enhanced their coclustering with Gag. Altogether, these results identify a novel mechanism for host membrane protein association with assembling HIV-1 Gag in which polybasic sequences present in the cytoplasmic tails of the membrane proteins and in Gag are the major determinants. IMPORTANCE Nascent HIV-1 particles incorporate many host plasma membrane proteins during assembly. However, it is largely unknown what mechanisms promote the association of these proteins with virus assembly sites within the plasma membrane. Notably, our previous study showed that HIV-1 structural protein Gag colocalizes with a group of uropod-directed transmembrane proteins, PSGL-1, CD43, and CD44, at the plasma membrane of T cells. The results obtained in the current study using superresolution localization microscopy suggest the presence of a novel molecular mechanism promoting the association of PSGL-1, CD43, and CD44 with assembling HIV-1 which relies on polybasic sequences in HIV-1 Gag and in cytoplasmic domains of the transmembrane proteins. This information advances our understanding of virion incorporation of host plasma membrane proteins, some of which modulate virus spread positively or negatively, and suggests a possible new strategy to enrich HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors with a desired transmembrane protein.
On the buoyancy of the pearly Nautilus

Fourteen freshly captured Nautilus macromphalus were weighed in seawater, and all were found to be negatively buoyant (heavier than seawater), with a mean weight of 1.76 g. Maximum rates of cameral liquid removal from chambers artificially filled with seawater were 1.0 ml/chamber/day at the surface. Specimens made artificially buoyant by the removal of cameral fluid, and maintained at 60 m or less, were unable to regain normal, slightly negative buoyancy through admission of new liquid into the emptied chambers via the siphuncle. Specimens maintained at depths of greater than 150 m all showed new cameral liquid in the previously emptied chambers. Because of the relatively slow rate of cameral liquid removal from the chambers, and seeming inability of Nautilu to place cameral liquid into emptied chambers in shallow water, we conclude that the phragnocone-cameral liquid system is utilized for long term buoyancy adjustments rather than short term changes which might aid vertical ascent or descent.
The contribution of genetic and genomic approaches to plant domestication studies

The application of genomic approaches to the phenomenon of plant domestication promises a better understanding of the origins of agriculture, but also of the way plant genomes in general are organized and expressed. Building on earlier genetic research, more detailed information has become available on the organization of genetic diversity at the genome level and the effects of gene flow on diversity in different regions of the genome. In addition, putative domestication genes have been identified through population genomics approaches (selective sweeps or divergence scanning). Further information has been obtained on the origin of domestication syndrome mutations and the dispersal and adaptation of crops after domestication. For the future, increasingly multidisciplinary approaches using combinations of genomics and other approaches will prevail.
Seaweed: Distributed Scalable Ad Hoc Querying

Many emerging applications such as wide-area network management need to query large, structured, highly distributed datasets. Seaweed is a distributed scalable infrastructure for querying such datasets. In this paper we describe its architecture and design features, using the Anemone network management system as a motivating example. The main contribution is a design supporting accurate query planning and efficient execution across a large number of unreliable endsystems. In contrast to prior work, Seaweed supports ad hoc querying in addition to continuous querying. The paper describes the solutions adopted by Seaweed: latency-based cost estimation, availability-based scheduling, and meta-data aggregation.
Intermittent explosive disorder as a disorder of impulsive aggression for DSM-5

Intermittent explosive disorder, first introduced in DSM-III, has now received more intensive research and clinical characterization. The disorder consists of either high intensity outbursts of aggression occurring several times yearly or less intensive outbursts several times monthly, a more treatable form. The disorder begins in adolescence or early adulthood; prevalence is about 5%. It appears to be separate from childhood disruptive behavioral disorders, such as conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioral therapy together appear to have synergistic treatment effects.
Serum and Liver Cholesterol, Total Lipids and Lipid Phosphorus Levels of Rats under Various Dietary Regimens

S TUDIES mnade at this university on the effect of different kinds and levels of fats on the excretion of urinary metabolites of rats and later of man focused our interest on what was happening to the serum and liver cholesterol values of the subjects. Of the nutritional factors which may affect the level of cholesterol in blood, the kind and level of dietary fat has been under intensive study in a number of laboratories. Recent studies involving fats alone or in combination with other factors have been reported. Okey and Lyman’ found that serum cholesterol values of rats fed 10 jer cent coconut oil tended to be higher than those of rats fed partly hardened cottonseed oil. Liver cholesterol storage was greatest on the cottonseed oil diets. When Aftergood et al.2 used 15 per cent lard and 15 per cent cottonseed oil, they found that feeding the lard diets resulted in higher liver and serum cholesterol values when the diet contained cholesterol.
An analysis of 310 cases of acute high-dose methamphetamine toxicity in Haight-Ashbury.

(1970). An Analysis of 310 Cases of Acute High-Dose Methamphetamine Toxicity in Haight-Ashbury. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 117-124.
Measuring emotional responses to music within a classroom setting

Investigating the emotional impact of music listening has a long history. Indeed, reactions to subtle as well as obvious changes in music, whether inadvertent or deliberate, occupy a good deal of i...
A fast ascent trajectory optimization method for hypersonic air-breathing vehicles

The objective of this dissertation is to investigate a fast and reliable method to generate three-dimensional optimal ascent trajectories for hypersonic air-breathing vehicles. The problem is notoriously difficult because of the strong nonlinear coupling amongst aerodynamics, propulsion, vehicle attitude and trajectory state. As such an algorithm matures, the ultimate goal is to realize optimal closed-loop ascent guidance for hypersonic air-breathing vehicles. The problem is formulated as a fuel-optimal control problem. The corresponding necessary conditions are given. It is shown how the original problem of search for the optimal control commands can be reduced to a univariate rootfinding problem at each point along the trajectory. A finite difference scheme is used to numerically solve the associated two-point-boundary-value problem. Evaluation of the approach is done through open-loop solutions and closed-loop simulations. The results show promising potential of the proposed approach as a rapid trajectory optimization tool for the class of hypersonic air-breathing vehicles.
Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping

Educators rely heavily on learning activities that encourage elaborative studying, whereas activities that require students to practice retrieving and reconstructing knowledge are used less frequently. Here, we show that practicing retrieval produces greater gains in meaningful learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. The advantage of retrieval practice generalized across texts identical to those commonly found in science education. The advantage of retrieval practice was observed with test questions that assessed comprehension and required students to make inferences. The advantage of retrieval practice occurred even when the criterial test involved creating concept maps. Our findings support the theory that retrieval practice enhances learning by retrieval-specific mechanisms rather than by elaborative study processes. Retrieval practice is an effective tool to promote conceptual learning about science.
Governor's Schools: Fostering the Social and Emotional Well-Being of Gifted and Talented Students.

Reviewing and conducting research on summer residential program models for gifted and talented students will illuminate the academic, social, and emotional difficulties they face and reveal which practices are effective in addressing these issues. One program model, the Governor's School, warrants particular attention because of its mission to provide an accelerated and enriched curriculum and a positive social environment in a seasonal residential program. To date, few well-designed studies directly assess the effect of attending a Governor's School on participants’ social and emotional well-being. In order to provide a context for an in-depth examination of 8 studies conducted between 1965 and 1991 on participants in Governor's Schools in the Southeast, this review of literature begins with 2 landmark studies conducted on participants in summer residential programs between 1984 and 1993. Significant and tangential findings from all of these studies show that participation in summer residential programs ...
Multiple-hit parameter estimation in monolithic detectors

We examine a maximum-a-priori (MAP) method for estimating the primary interaction position of gamma rays with multiple-interaction sites (hits) in a monolithic detector. In assessing the performance of a multiple-hit estimator over that of a conventional one-hit estimator, we consider a few different detector and readout configurations of a 50-mm-wide square LSO block. For this study, we use simulated data from SCOUT, a Monte-Carlo tool for photon tracking and modeling scintillation-camera output. With this tool, we determine estimate bias and variance for a multiple-hit estimator and compare these with similar metrics for a conventional ML estimator, which assumes full energy deposition in one hit. We also examine the effect of event filtering on these metrics; for this purpose, we use a likelihood threshold to reject signals that are not likely to have been produced under the assumed likelihood model. Depending on detector design, we observe a 1–12% improvement of intrinsic resolution for a 1-or-2-hit estimator as compared with a 1-hit estimator. We also observe improved differentiation of photopeak events using a 1-or-2-hit estimator as compared with the 1-hit estimator; more than 6% of photopeak events that were rejected by likelihood filtering for the 1-hit estimator were accurately identified as photopeak events and positioned without loss of resolution by a 1-or-2-hit estimator.
Politics, Agency and Freedom: Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin

In this paper, I compare the views of Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin on the nature of political freedom and free agency. I seek to both clarify Berlin and Arendt's positions, and trace their divergent political theories to differences in the ways in which they conceptualised freedom; at the same time, I highlight similarities in their articulation of freedom as the antithesis to the totalitarian politics of their day.
In Vitro and In Vivo Monocyte, Macrophage, Foreign Body Giant Cell, and Lymphocyte Interactions with Biomaterials

This chapter focuses on recent developments in our understanding of in vitro and in vivo monocyte, macrophage, foreign body giant cell (FBGC), and lymphocyte interactions with biomaterials in the context of inflammatory and wound-healing responses following implantation of biomaterials, medical devices, and prostheses. Quantitative studies identify the significance of biomaterial surface chemistry in modulating inflammatory cell behaviors such as adhesion, apoptosis, anoikis, fusion, and cytokine secretion. Utilizing genomic and proteomic techniques, cell-cell (juxtacrine) and cytokine-mediated (paracrine) responses between cells have been identified. Consequences of the persistence of the foreign body reaction, i.e., macrophages and FBGCs, at the tissue-material interface are presented. Given the current and future use of new approaches, such as nanotechnology and tissue engineering, the continuing development of a mechanistic understanding of inflammatory cell interactions with biomaterials is necessary.
Constraining White House Political Control of Agency Rulemaking Through the Duty of Reasoned Explanation

Over the last several decades, presidents of both parties have sought to control the rulemaking power of agencies by entrenching a system of centralized White House review of agency rules conducted by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (“OIRA”). While OIRA review has important and valuable functions, it also provides a vehicle for increasing the role of political considerations in the rulemaking process as well as the vast power of special interests. This Article explores two novel means by which courts and litigants, without waiting for congressional or executive action, might deploy administrative law’s traditional tool for limiting the influence of politics — agencies’ duty of reasoned explanation — to shed needed sunlight on centralized review of rulemaking. More specifically, interested persons should be able to use petitions for rulemaking to require agencies to give prompt, technocratic, public-regarding explanations for delays caused by centralized review. Also, agencies should be required to give reasoned explanations for policy changes they make due to centralized review.
Rooms of Their Own: An Empirical Study of Occupation Segregation by Gender Among Law School Professors

This Article empirically examines one aspect of gender segregation within law schools - the subjects that men and women law professors teach. Examining a twelve-year period ending with academic year 2002-03, the Article finds that gender segregation is widespread and growing despite the fact that the proportion of women law professors increased during this period by nearly 50%. By 2002-03, women and men were largely teaching different subjects: in almost 80% of subjects taught the gender of the professor deviated to a statistically significant degree from the overall male/female ratio of law school professors. Courses with these gender disproportions generally could be divided into "female" or "male" courses, with "female" courses being softer, more peripheral, less prestigious courses (such as poverty law) and "male" courses being more intellectual, prestigious, and more central to law (such as constitutional law). These gender identities tended to widen with time. After examining these results in the context of a larger pattern of job segregation and re-segregation by gender, the Article discusses the negative impact of this gender segregation in the legal field. It concludes that women must be fully integrated into the legal academy, not just for their own benefit but also in order for the law to develop most fully. For this to occur, women must move from the peripheral to the core, or, using an analogy from immigration law (a disproportionately female-taught course), women need to move from green card to full citizenship status.
Microscale combustion calorimeter—application and limitation

SUMMARY A flammability evaluation tool that requires only milligram size sample is very attractive for plastic material development and quality control. One such instrument that has gained importance in recent years is the microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). In this study, a novel application using the MCC to quantify flame retardant mechanism efficiency is introduced. The results demonstrated that the qualitative understanding of the mechanism can be quantified. The factors that affect the quality of the MCC data were also discussed. It was found that factors such as flow rate perturbation, sample weight, oxygen level, loading/types of the additives, and method of the test have strong effects on the data quality. The results indicate that caution should be taken when operating the test and interpreting the MCC data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of Dipteryx oleifera (Fabaceae) trees after Hurricane Ida in Nicaragua

The impact of hurricanes on tropical forests has been well documented in recent decades, with hurricane disturbance hypothesized to be a leading contributor to maintenance of the high diversity of trees in lowland tropical rain forests (Frangi & Lugo 1991, Vandermeer et al. 2000). Hurricanes have a heterogeneous impact both on landscapes and tree species (Liu & Fearn 2000, Walker et al. 1996). Damage to trees can take many forms, from leaf loss to stem snapping to uprooting, and is variable across the landscape due to topography, wind speed, direction and tree density (Walker 1995).
Estimation and Interpretation of Fermentation in the Gut: Coupling Results from a 24 h Batch in Vitro System with Fecal Measurements from a Human Intervention Feeding Study Using Fructo-oligosaccharides, Inulin, Gum Acacia, and Pea Fiber

Gut bacteria ferment fiber at different rates to primarily short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gas while proteins are metabolized to SCFA, branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), gas, and undesirable metabolites. Large volumes of gas produced in vivo may contribute to bloating and flatulence in an individual. The objectives of this trial were to (1) compare the in vitro fermentation profiles of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, gum acacia, and pea fiber alone or blended using a 24 h batch model and (2) relate these findings to a human study that fed enteral formula fortified with fiber blend (FB) or no fiber (FF). The in vitro fermentation of the fiber blend resulted in a delayed pH decrease and gas and SCFA production compared to the FOS and inulin. Human samples had higher SCFA on FB compared to FF (p = 0.029). BCFA were not different between formulas. By using a blend of fibers, we observed a slower fermentation in vitro but still increased fecal SCFA when fed to human subjects.
Discharge dependent voltage break-down definition and significance

Tests on insulating materials have several purposes: 1. To provide a basis for commercial acceptance or rejection. 2. To provide engineering design data. 3. To develop scientific knowledge and understanding. These purposes are related in some ways. For example, it may be desirable in acceptance testing to control properties important in engineering design. However, it must be recognized that in most respects tests to meet the purposes above must differ in fundamental ways. Acceptance testing should be rapid and reproducible. In contrast, tests to determine the "life" of electrical insulation will be long and involve many ambient conditions characteristic of use.
Changing trends in the management of red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnancy.

Problem: Review the current management of red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective review of the literature and 8-year experience at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. Results: Rhesus alloimmunization continues to affect one in 1000 pregnancies. Newly diagnosed disease can be managed with serial anti-human globulin titers until a critical value is achieved. Thereafter diagnostic modalities include ultrasound, amniocentesis, and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Patients with a history of a previously affected pregnancy should be managed in a more aggressive fashion. Newer methods of intravascular intrauterine transfusion can result in neonatal survival in more than 75% of cases. Long-term evaluation of these neonates indicates a good neurologic outcome
Qualitative analysis of selected literature sources addressing the issue of homelessness.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this article is to answer the main research question, which reads: "How is the issue of homelessness presented in the relevant literature?" Basic terms related to homelessness and homeless people are defined at the beginning of the article. Homelessness is a complex social problem, with many factors contributing to its origin and development that can, in principle, be divided into objective and subjective factors. METHODS A qualitative research strategy was chosen to address the main research question. Analysis of documents using content analysis was used as the research tool. The research sample consisted of three articles, two chapters, and two subchapters in a monograph. The three analyzed sources were in English, three in the Slovak language, and one in the Czech language. RESULTS It was found that the issue could be viewed from both health-related and social perspectives. None of the authors, whose publications were analyzed, preferred a "purely" health-related or a "purely" social welfare view of the issue of homelessness. We identified three types of perspectives (approaches) related to the care of homeless people: health & social, preferred health care, and preferred social care. Both components of care are more or less represented in each of the three types of care. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the issue of homelessness cannot be viewed from a single perspective (either health or social), since it requires an interdisciplinary approach and cooperation of both healthcare professionals and social welfare experts to address the unfavorable social situations associated with homelessness.
The Early Life of James Buchanan

James McGill Buchanan’s ancestry was forged from equal parts of self-reliance and of defiance of a view of government worried less about self-determination and more about social coercion. From this heritage flowed a new theory of the role of government which we now call public choice. Central to this theory is the need to establish a balance between the aspirations of the individual, society and the state. Buchanan proposed a balance that diverged from the prevailing thought espoused in the great urban cities of Northeastern United States, and instead represented the sensibilities and realities of an individualistic rural South still reeling from the loss of a civil war. His personal philosophy was more self-reliant in nature, reflecting his upbringing and heritage.
An artificial neural network for spatiotemporal: application to phoneme classification

An artificial neural network is developed to recognize spatio-temporal bipolar patterns associatively. The function of a formal neuron is generalized by replacing multiplication with convolution, weights with transfer functions, and thresholding with nonlinear transform following adaptation. The Hebbian learning rule and the delta learning rule are generalized accordingly, resulting in the learning of weights and delays. The neural network which was first developed for spatial patterns was thus generalized for spatio-temporal patterns. It was tested using a set of bipolar input patterns derived from speech signals, showing robust classification of 30 model phonemes.
A biochemical engineering view of the quest for immune-potentiating anti-infectives

The efficacies of antibiotic treatments have been compromised due to the emergence of (multi)drug-resistant pathogens, and the need for new treatment options is pressing. Within hosts, pathogens are bombarded with combinations of toxic compounds by immune cells, and bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to survive those antimicrobial assaults. Disruption of those defenses could sensitize bacteria to immune attacks and lead to new anti-infective modalities. To realize such therapies, deep understanding of how bacteria cope with those toxic cocktails is desirable. We propose that methods from biochemical engineering can help provide such knowledge and serve as complementary approaches to those that directly use phagocytes. Here, we summarize the rationale for pursuing immune-potentiating anti-infectives, review recent efforts that employ engineering approaches to examine phagosomal stressors and their antibacterial activity, and discuss how biochemical engineering can contribute further to this exciting field.
Numerical simulation of Gerotor pumps considering rotor micro-motions

Gerotor units are widely used in low-pressure (up to 30 bar) fluid power applications, injection as well as lubrication systems, due to their compact package and low cost. Their performance in terms of volumetric efficiency, flow pulsations, internal pressure peaks or localized cavitation depends on many parameters, such as the rotors’ profiles and the manufacturing tolerances. This paper proposes a multi-domain simulation approach for the numerical analysis of the performance of Gerotor units. Characterized by simulation swiftness, the model can be used for virtual prototyping of units considering the actual geometry of the rotors, their geometrical tolerances and the properties of the working fluid. The approach is based on the coupling of different models: a numerical geometric model evaluates the instantaneous volumes and flow areas inside the unit; a lumped parameter fluid dynamic model describes the displacing process of the tooth space volumes; finally, a mechanical model evaluates the internal micro-motions of the rotors axes according to their tolerances. In this way, the model determines the actual loading of the rotors, considering also the actual location of the points of contact. After presenting the approach, the paper describes the potentials of the proposed method with reference to a particular Gerotor pump design. Specific experiments were performed within this research to permit a detailed model validation, and comparisons in terms of significant steady-state as well as transient pressure and flow features are presented. The approach used in the current paper can be considered valuable when studying the impact of real-life technological clearances on the fluid-dynamic performance of the pump.
Legislatures and Parliaments in Comparative Context

The words “legislature” and “parliament” are often used interchangeably. The distinction between them, however, can be used to structure the analysis of legislatures and/or parliaments in a comparative context. Legislatures legislate; they pass laws. The notion of a “legislature” is thus located firmly in the classical view of a separation of powers between legislature, executive and judiciary. This distinguishes law-making both from the business of government and from the interpretation, adjudication and enforcement of any laws that are made. A “parliament”, on the other hand, does legislate but in contemporary politics is also something much more than a legislature. In the constitutional structure of “parliamentary government” that characterizes most European states, as well as “European-style” modern democracies such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand, the executive is constitutionally responsible to the legislature. The matter of whether or not the executive is responsible to the law-making body lies at the heart of my distinction between a “legislature” and a “parliament”. Parliamentary elections are in essence about choosing governments, not law-makers. This in turn creates distinctive incentives for elected politicians, who must remain loyal to political parties if they want to get into government, while heads of government often have discretion over the strategic timing of parliamentary elections. Under a seperation-of-powers regime, legislative elections have no effect on the identity of the government, although they have an impact on what the government is able to do. This affects the incentive structure of politicians, whose loyalty to political parties, for example, becomes more of an open question. Thus I use the distinction between legislatures and parliaments, a distinction between two very different types of politics, to structure the discussions that follow. I begin in the next section by looking at parliamentary politics, before moving on to look at legislative politics in separation of powers regimes. I conclude by revisiting this distinction in the context of the different types of empirical technique we can use to measure the policy positions of elected politicians.
Differential Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

While differential diagnosis is typically not one of the primary areas of discussions in ABA, we believe it has particular importance for ASD. The idiosyncratic nature of the disorder and how they affect the nature and type of ABA assessment and treatment cannot be overstated. This chapter will review basic diagnostic methods and their relevance to ABA.
Synchronization of Uncertain Euler–Lagrange Systems With Uncertain Time-Varying Communication Delays

A decentralized controller is designed for leader-based synchronization of communication-delayed networked agents. The agents have heterogeneous dynamics modeled by uncertain, nonlinear Euler–Lagrange equations of motion affected by heterogeneous, unknown, exogenous disturbances. The developed controller requires only one-hop (delayed) communication from network neighbors and the communication delays are assumed to be heterogeneous, uncertain, and time-varying. Each agent uses an estimate of communication delay to provide feedback of estimated recent tracking error. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the improved performance of the developed controller over other popular control designs.
ADAMTS13 test and/or PLASMIC clinical score in management of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a cost-effective analysis.

BACKGROUND The ADAMTS13 test distinguishes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from other thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs). The PLASMIC score helps determine the pretest probability of ADAMTS13 deficiency. Due to inherent limitations of both tests, and potential adverse effects and cost of unnecessary treatments, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) investigating the benefits of incorporating an in-hospital ADAMTS13 test and/or PLASMIC score into our clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A CEA model was created to compare four scenarios for patients with TMAs, utilizing either an in-house or a send-out ADAMTS13 assay with or without prior risk stratification using PLASMIC scoring. Model variables, including probabilities and costs, were gathered from the medical literature, except for the ADAMTS13 send-out and in-house tests, which were obtained from our institutional data. RESULTS If only the cost is considered, in-house ADAMTS13 test for patients with intermediate- to high-risk PLASMIC score is the least expensive option ($4,732/patient). If effectiveness is assessed as measured by the number of averted deaths, send-out ADAMTS13 test is the most effective. Considering the cost/effectiveness ratio, the in-house ADAMTS13 test in patients with intermediate- to high-risk PLASMIC score is the best option, followed by the in-house ADAMTS13 test without the PLASMIC score. CONCLUSIONS In patients with clinical presentations of TMAs, having an in-hospital ADAMTS13 test to promptly establish the diagnosis of TTP appears to be cost-effective. Utilizing the PLASMIC score further increases the cost-effectiveness of the in-house ADAMTS13 test. Our findings indicate the benefit of having a rapid and reliable in-house ADAMTS13 test, especially in the tertiary medical center.
Src family kinase inhibitors blunt PACAP-induced PAC1 receptor endocytosis, phosphorylation of ERK, and the increase in cardiac neuron excitability

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP, Adcyap1) activation of PAC1 receptors (Adcyap1r1) significantly increases excitability of guinea pig cardiac neurons. This modulation of e...
Deformation Parameters of 152 Sm by Electron Scattering

We have measured the cross sections for excitation of the ground-state rotational band in $^{152}\mathrm{Sm}$ by high-energy electrons. The ground-state charge distribution has been determined including the deformation parameters ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}$ of the nuclear surface.
The Role of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Graft Rejection

Transplantation is a routine clinical practice in the treatment of chronic organ failure and end stage disease1-9. Organ removal from the donor involves a period when blood flow to that organ is stopped, followed by restoration of flow with the recipient’s blood upon transplantation. A temporary interruption of blood supply to an organ followed by resumption of blood flow is called ischemia/reperfusion (UR). UR injury is considered to be a major mechanism for organ transplant failure4s’lO-lz Thus, an understanding of the pathophysiology of UR injury could improve the management and outcome of transplants and could also guide the development of better preservation strategies to increase donor organ pools.