cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive attacks on speaker recognition

Speaker recognition is used to identify a speaker's voice from among a group of known speakers. A common method of speaker recognition is a classification based on cepstral coefficients of the speaker's voice, using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to model each speaker. In this paper we try to fool a speaker recognition system using additive noise such that an intruder is recognized as a target user. Our attack uses a mixture selected from a target user's GMM model, inverting the cepstral transformation to produce noise samples. In our 5 speaker data base, we achieve an attack success rate of 50% with a noise signal at 10dB SNR, and 95% by increasing noise power to 0dB SNR. The importance of this attack is its simplicity and flexibility: it can be employed in real time with no processing of an attacker's voice, and little computation is needed at the moment of detection, allowing the attack to be performed by a small portable device. For any target user, knowing that user's model or voice sample is sufficient to compute the attack signal, and it is enough that the intruder plays it while he/she is uttering to be classiffed as the victim.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON A VIRUS IN CULTURED LYMPHOBLASTS FROM BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA.

Lymphoblasts of two tissue culture strains (EB1 and EB2) from different biopsy specimens of Burkitt's lymphoma have been examined in thin sections by electron microscopy, and have each been found to carry a morphologically identical virus. The virus was observed in samples taken over many months, being present in about 1 to 2 per cent of the cells in two forms: Immature particles about 75 mµ in diameter which were seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm; and larger mature particles with a diameter of 110 to 115 mµ, which were either within membrane-bounded cytoplasmic spaces or at the cell surface. There was some indication that the particles matured by budding through the cytoplasmic membranes. Both types of particle occurred in dead degenerating cells or, less frequently, in intact altered cells. The characteristic alterations of the latter included margination of the chromatin, fragmentation of the nuclear envelope, beaded opaque material in the mitochondria, and, with one of the cell strains (EB1), sheaves of altered spindle tubules. All attempts to isolate and identify the virus carried by the two strains of lymphoblasts failed. No pathological effects were caused in 8-day chick embryos inoculated either with whole lymphoblasts or extracts of disrupted lymphoblasts, using the intraallantoic, amniotic, and chorioallantoic routes, and the extraembryonic fluids of such chicks were without haemagglutinating activity for human, chicken, guinea pig, or monkey erythrocytes. Whole lymphoblasts or lymphoblast extracts were likewise without effect when inoculated intraperitoneally into newborn hamsters or two strains of newborn mice. Similar lymphoblast inocula did not cause detectable changes in 9 different test tissue culture systems even after 8 blind passages. The nature of the unknown, unidentified virus in the cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphomas is considered and its possible relationship to the cells discussed.
A Stochastic Tree-Search Algorithm for Generative Grammars

This paper presents a new search method that has been developed specifically for search trees defined by a generative grammar. Generative grammars are useful in design as a way to encapsulate the design decisions that lead to candidate solutions. Since the candidate solutions are not confined to a single configuration or topology and thus useful in conceptual design, they may be difficult to computationally analyze. Analysis is achieved in this method by querying the user. A formal definition of a rule-based interactive tree-search is presented in this paper. The user interaction is kept to 30 pair-wise comparisons of candidates. From the data gathered from the comparisons, a stochastic decision-making process infers what candidate solutions best match the known optimal. The method is implemented and applied to a grammar for tying neckties. It is shown through 21 user experiments and 4000 automated experiments that the method consistently finds solutions within the 99.8 percentile. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is also studied. The implications of this method for conceptual design are expounded on in the conclusions.
Quantitative security metrics with human in the loop

The human factor is often regarded as the weakest link in cybersecurity systems. The investigation of several security breaches reveals an important impact of human errors in exhibiting security vulnerabilities. Although security researchers have long observed the impact of human behavior, few improvements have been made in designing secure systems that are resilient to the uncertainties of the human element.In this work, we summarize the state of the art work in human cybersecurity research, and present the Human-Influenced Task-Oriented (HITOP) formalism for modeling human decisions in security systems. We also provide a roadmap for future research. We aim at developing a simulation tool that allows modeling and analysis of security systems in light of the uncertainties of human behavior.
Ethanol induces apoptotic death of beta-endorphin neurons in the rat hypothalamus by a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism.

Background: We have previously shown that developing β-endorphin neurons, in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus become increasingly apoptotic when exposed to ethanol. As in the previous study we have observed an involvement in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in mediation of the apoptotic process, the present study was conducted to determine the ethanol-induced changes in this apoptotic regulatory peptide signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of neonatal rats. Methods: Pups were exposed to 11.34% ethanol in a milk-based diet or control diet on postnatal day (PND) 3 to PND7. Two hours after the last daily feeding, brains were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen for analysis of various apoptosis regulatory proteins in the arcuate tissue by Western blots. Some animals were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and analyzed immunohistochemically. Results: Ethanol exposure increased apoptotic death of β-endorphin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. The cell death was associated with an increase in the tissue levels of TGF-β1 in the mediobasal hypothalamus. This was correlated with a reduction in the arcuate level of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation. The reduced level of Rb phosphorylation was associated with an increased protein level of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27/kip but with a decreased protein level of cyclin dependent kinase 4 and cyclin D3. In addition, the apoptotic cell death was positively correlated with the level of Bclxs but negatively correlated with the level of the Bcl2. Conclusions: These results suggest that ethanol exposure increases TGF-β1 signaling involving Bcl2 and Rb repression that may lead to apoptotic death of cells including β-endorphin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Joint inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocity and ellipticity using USArray: Constraining velocity and density structure in the upper crust

Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or H/V ratio, observed on the surface is particularly sensitive to shallow earth structure. In this study, we jointly invert measurements of Rayleigh wave H/V ratio and phase velocity between 24–100 and 8–100 sec period, respectively, for crust and upper mantle structure beneath more than 1000 USArray stations covering the western United States. Upper crustal structure, in particular, is better constrained by the joint inversion compared to inversions based on phase velocities alone. In addition to imaging Vs structure, we show that the joint inversion can be used to constrain Vp/Vs and density in the upper crust. New images of uppermost crustal structure (<3 km depth) are in excellent agreement with known surface features, with pronounced low Vs, low density, and high Vp/Vs anomalies imaged in the locations of several major sedimentary basins including the Williston, Powder River, Green River, Denver, and San Juan basins. These results demonstrate not only the consistency of broadband H/V ratios and phase velocity measurements, but also that their complementary sensitivities have the potential to resolve density and Vp/Vs variations.
System Design Methodology For Guided Optical Communication Links

Guided Optical Cable System design methodology is developed by considering the application criteria and the interactive process of performing system-level conceptual design trades. The design impact of user performance requirements and other user considerations are identified, and practical examples of user evaluation criteria are presented. The cyclic process of interacting component hardware capabilities with system-level design implementations is presented by defining the interaction of spatial and electronic multi-plexing, frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing, and baseband analog and digital modulation base trades. Optical link budgets for these implementation concepts are presented to show the effects of source power, source line width, optical cable losses and dispersions, and receiver sensitivities. The paper is concluded with an example that shows the use of guided optical communications systems is best optimized when inherent characteristics are exploited by the conceptual designer.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Bilateral testicular enlargement and seminoma in a patient with acromegaly

Growth hormone (GH) excess has been associated with soft tissue changes and an increase in the incidence of colonic polyps and gastrointestinal cancer. We describe a patient with endogenous GH excess caused by a pituitary tumour, resulting in acromegaly. The patient had bilateral testicular enlargement, with tumour of the right testicle. Pituitary MRI revealed a macroadenoma. After resection of the pituitary tumour, GH levels fell below 0.5 ng/ml, with acromegaly resolution. Testicular resection revealed seminoma. Following acromegaly resolution, the enlarged remaining testicle decreased in size. The implications of the testicular enlargement and seminoma in the presence of a GH-secreting tumour are discussed.
Design for global manufacturing and assembly

In this paper the author presents and tests new concurrent engineering strategies that focus on manufacturing and assembly operations with a global perspective. Specifically, the focus is upon new design for manufacturability and assembly (DFMA) strategies to support multi-facility, global operations. These DFMA strategies are more holistic than most published techniques in that they focus on total system approaches that explicitly consider product mix, process configuration, and capital procurement strategies, as well as tooling, design, and set-up costs associated with manufacture and assembly. Furthermore, the DFMA strategies presented here consider the cost of transportation logistics in multi-facility, global manufacturing, assembly, and distribution networks. A general mathematical formulation is presented and tested under realistic conditions. It is demonstrated that this model can be used for capacity planning and product sourcing for multiple part types in many facilities. Similarly, it can be used to examine the sensitivity of solutions to changes in various costs, productivity levels, or product configuration and mix assumptions at each facility. Test results demonstrate the efficacy of use of the formulation in general terms. Finally, a research agenda is posited for the future development of the strategies.
Effect of Food Processing-Related Stresses on Acid Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT Stationary-phase cells of Listeria monocytogenes grown in glucose-free or glucose-containing media were exposed for 90 min to various stresses, including acid stress (pH 4.0 to 7.0), osmotic stress (10.5 to 20.5% NaCl), and various temperatures (−5 to 50°C), and were further exposed to pH 3.5. Exposure to a mildly acidic (pH 5.0 to 6.0) environment provided protection of the pathogen against acid upon subsequent exposure. This adaptive response, however, was found to be strongly dependent on other environmental conditions during the shock, such as temperature or the simultaneous presence of a second stress factor (NaCl). Growth of L. monocytogenes in the presence of glucose resulted in enhanced survival of the pathogen at pH 3.5. Sublethal stresses other than acidic stresses, i.e., osmotic, heat, and low-temperature stresses, did not affect the acid resistance of L. monocytogenes (P > 0.5). More-severe levels of these stresses, however, resulted in sensitization of the pathogen to acid.
Context-aware fall detection using a Bayesian network

Human activity recognition is regarded as one of the most important topics in ubiquitous computing. In this paper, we focus on recognizing falls. Falls are a leading cause of death among elderly people. Most existing fall detection techniques focus on studying isolated fall motion under restricted, clearly defined conditions, and thus suffer from a relatively high false positive rate induced by many other activities that resemble a fall. In this paper, we present an integrated fall detection framework that incorporates isolated fall detection algorithms with context information using a Bayesian network. The context information can include a person's age, personal health history, physiological measurements (such as respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.), physical activity level and location. These additional sources of information are complement inputs to our framework to improve decision accuracy in recognizing activities such as a fall. A Bayesian network is constructed to structure the probabilistic dependencies between isolated fall detection result and various contextual sensor readings, and perform inference on the likelihood of a fall in a given context. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate that context information can play a significant role in improving fall detection accuracy and reducing both false negative and false positive rates. We also demonstrate that our probabilistic Bayesian model can produce informative inference results even when partial contextual information is observed.
Multi-antenna techniques for enabling passive RFID tags and sensors at microwave frequencies

Multi-antenna techniques are typically avoided in passive RFID because of the large footprints required. However, the smaller footprints required at microwave frequencies such as the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band allow the use of multiple antennas. Two new multi-antenna technologies are featured in this paper to provide power and communications to a passive wireless tag in the 5.8 GHz ISM band. A four-layer FR-4 PCB is presented, which uses a staggered-pattern charge collector (SPCC) and a retrodirective array phase modulator (RAPM). An SPCC is an energy harvester that has two independent antenna arrays. These arrays provide increased gain and beamwidth over a single-antenna source. A RAPM backscatters the reader-transmitted signal directly back to the reader and provides quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) signaling.
Universal fields of fractions for polycyclic group algebras

Let G be a polycyclic-by-finite group and let K[G] denote its group algebra over the field K. In this paper we discuss localization in K[G] and in particular we prove that every faithful completely prime ideal is localizable. Furthermore, using a sequence of localizations, we show that, for G polyinfinite cyclic, the classical right quotient ring (K[G]) is in fact a universal field of fractions for K[G]. Finally we offer an example of a domain K[G] which does not have a universal field of fractions.
Hb grove city [β38(C4)Thr→Ser, ACC>AGC; HBB: C.116C>G]: A new low oxygen affinity β chain variant

A previously unreported β chain hemoglobin (Hb) variant, Hb Grove City [β38(C4)Thr→Ser, ACC>AGC; HBB: c.116C>G], was discovered in a woman who presented with hypoxia and mild anemia. Her young daughter also tested positive for the variant and displayed similar symptoms. Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation testing confirmed right-shifted oxygen dissociation curves. A corresponding Hb variant was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and intact mass spectrometry (MS) but was not detected by capillary electrophoresis (CE), isoelectrofocusing (IEF) or alkaline or acid electrophoresis. DNA sequencing analysis confirmed a β-globin gene mutation. All three previous mutations at this locus affect oxygen affinity, as does this new variant. This newly described variant showed variable stability results and therefore may be mildly unstable but is not associated with microcytosis, significant hemolysis or clinically evident cyanosis. It is important to consider hemoglobinopathies in patients who are anemic and have unexplained hypoxia. Arterial blood gas and p50 evaluations may prevent unnecessary diagnostic interventions. Additionally, Hb variants with altered oxygen affinity can be electrophoretically silent; therefore, multiple methods including MS and/or DNA sequencing are warranted when clinical suspicion is high.
Core body temperature in obesity

Background: A lower core body temperature set point has been suggested to be a factor that could potentially predispose humans to develop obesity. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that obese individuals have lower core temperatures than those in normal-weight individuals. Design: In study 1, nonobese [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) <30] and obese (BMI ≥30) adults swallowed wireless core temperature–sensing capsules, and we measured core temperatures continuously for 24 h. In study 2, normal-weight (BMI of 18–25) and obese subjects swallowed temperature-sensing capsules to measure core temperatures continuously for ≥48 h and kept activity logs. We constructed daily, 24-h core temperature profiles for analysis. Results: Mean (±SE) daily core body temperature did not differ significantly between the 35 nonobese and 46 obese subjects (36.92 ± 0.03°C compared with 36.89 ± 0.03°C; P = 0.44). Core temperature 24-h profiles did not differ significantly between 11 normal-weight and 19 obese subjects (P = 0.274). Women had a mean core body temperature ≈0.23°C greater than that of men (36.99 ± 0.03°C compared with 36.76 ± 0.03°C; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Obesity is not generally associated with a reduced core body temperature. It may be necessary to study individuals with function-altering mutations in core temperature–regulating genes to determine whether differences in the core body temperature set point affect the regulation of human body weight. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00428987","term_id":"NCT00428987"}}NCT00428987 and {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00266500","term_id":"NCT00266500"}}NCT00266500.
BK Virus Encephalitis: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Description of a Novel Treatment Modality

Objective: To describe a case of BK virus encephalitis with attempted direct antiviral therapy, review the reported cases of BK virus in the central nervous system, and report the novel use of intravenous cimetidine in place of oral probenecid to minimize the toxicities of intravenous cidofovir. Case Summary: A 36-year-old male with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and subsequent myelodysplastic syndrome underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. His course was complicated by severe graft-versus-host disease involving his skin and gastrointestinal tract. Five weeks after transplantation, he developed fever and confusion. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of limbic encephalitis and cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for BK virus. Therapy with intravenous cidofovir was thought to be indicated. Although probenecid is commonly used to minimize the toxicities of cidofovir, the patient’s severe graft-versus-host disease raised concerns about absorption of oral medications. Based on animal mo...
The Refraction of a Wave Group

The considerations set out in this communication arose originally in the discussion of the refraction of surface elastic waves at the edge of a continent*. In view, however, of their general application, it is perhaps worth while to state them apart from their special context.
Certifications in Financial Education Programs

While there are currently no federal laws requiring financial counselors or planners to be certified, there are several benefits to becoming certified. When professionals obtain certification, they have proven they have the required knowledge to perform their chosen professions. This is true with electricians, teachers, plumbers, doctors, lawyers, and also financial professionals. There are educational components to becoming certified that give professionals a better understanding of how to do their job effectively. Most certification programs also require continuing education to keep professionals up-to-date on important subject matter in their fields. Because of the knowledge and current information certifications provide, professionals are better able to serve their clients.
Cancer Fatalism Among Elderly African American Women: Predictors of the Intensity of the Perceptions

Abstract Cancer fatalism has been identified as a barrier to colo-rectal cancer screening among the rural elderly, yet cancer fatalism may not be an all-or-none phenomenon, which suggests higher levels of cancer fatalism may have a more significant influence on screening behaviors. Therefore, this descriptive study attempted to differentiate higher and lower levels of cancer fatalism and to identify predictors of high levels of fatalism among 204 elderly African American women who attended senior citizen centers in a southern state. Data were collected using the Powe Fatalism Inventory, the Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Questionnaire, and the Demographic Data Questionnaire. The scores among women with high levels of fatalism were twice as high as the other women's scores. These women also were older, had less education, had less knowledge about colorectal cancer, and were more likely to have lower annual incomes. Age, education, and knowledge about the disease predicted high levels of fatalism. More rese...
Qualified Immunity and the Ability to Review Constitutional Rulings that Are 'No Mere Dictum:' Camreta v. Greene 131 S.Ct. 2020 (2011)

The federal appeal of a case tried in the federal district court seems like a simple process. A party does not get the favorable decision it wants and decides to appeal to the appellate court to have their case heard. However, it is not always so simple. For government officials who violate the constitutional rights of citizens, they can be found to be immune, under the qualified immunity doctrine, and then the government official may appeal the favorable decision to the court, when the appellate court, in dicta, makes a constitutional determination. This gives an interesting look to the fundamental doctrines of constitutional law and what cases are heard in federal courts and what qualifies as an actual decision by the court.The Supreme Court has normally not allowed prevailing parties to bring their claims into the Court; however, special exceptions can be made. In the current instance, a government official who won his case at the appellate level because he was found to have qualified immunity (meaning he had no idea that his conduct was a violation of the Constitution), appealed the judgment of the appellate court because the court determined that the action was a violation, even though, technically, the official was the winner in the case. The official appealed to the Supreme Court and was granted certiorari.Thus, the basic principles of Article III and dicta are left in quite a position. The Court now can attempt to take cases in which it can decide constitutional issues, once the initial case has been decided. This leaves room for the Court to possibly make the law in constitutional areas, without having the case actually present the issue in a typical Article III fashion. Hence, this possibly could lead the Court down a slippery slope of going outside the bounds of applying law, and into the shady area of creating it.
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) arise from diffuse neuroendocrine system cells, which express neuroendocrine markers, produce certain peptide or amine hormones, and contain dense core secretory granules. NETs still retain these features after the transformation of normal neuroendocrine cells.
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus

This article reviews maternal metabolic strategies for accommodating fetal nutrient requirements in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnancy is characterized by a progressive increase in nutrient-stimulated insulin responses despite an only minor deterioration in glucose tolerance, consistent with progressive insulin resistance. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp technique and intravenous-glucose-tolerance test have indicated that insulin action in late normal pregnancy is 50-70% lower than in nonpregnant women. Metabolic adaptations do not fully compensate in GDM and glucose intolerance ensues. GDM may reflect a predisposition to type 2 diabetes or may be an extreme manifestation of metabolic alterations that normally occur in pregnancy. In normal pregnant women, basal endogenous hepatic glucose production (R(a)) was shown to increase by 16-30% to meet the increasing needs of the placenta and fetus. Total gluconeogenesis is increased in late gestation, although the fractional contribution of total gluconeogenesis to R(a), quantified from (2)H enrichment on carbon 5 of glucose (65-85%), does not differ in pregnant women after a 16-h fast. Endogenous hepatic glucose production was shown to remain sensitive to increased insulin concentration in normal pregnancy (96% suppression), but is less sensitive in GDM (80%). Commensurate with the increased rate of glucose appearance, an increased contribution of carbohydrate to oxidative metabolism has been observed in late pregnancy compared with pregravid states. The 24-h respiratory quotient is significantly higher in late pregnancy than postpartum. Recent advances in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy suggest that preventive measures should be aimed at improving insulin sensitivity in women predisposed to GDM. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of alterations in lipid metabolism during pregnancy.
Comments on Arson

Most psychiatrists have little contact with arsonists. Those who work with juvenile delinquents will have seen some adolescent firesetters, often of limited intelligence with schizoid personality or other behavior disorders. On rare occasions the compulsive firesetter, driven sexually, will engage in repetitive events and be found masturbating at the scene of a fire. Vandalism or revenge fires may be directed at schools, public buildings, and employers. Similarly, psychotic firesetters are caught in the throes of their bizarre practices—burning churches or other symbolic institutions. Many criminals show a history of adolescent firesetting. Nonetheless, psychiatrists see few arsonists. It is unclear if the arsonists seen are typical because so few are actually caught. Thus those caught may be singularly incompetent in one way or another.
Measuring Melanoma Thickness

Primary tumor thickness is the most powerful prognostic indicator in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Adhering to consistent methods for measuring and reporting primary tumor thickness is critical for patient care. The measurement of tumor thickness is done at the microscope using an intraocular micrometer. The microscope has a calibration table that allows for conversion of the measurement in the micrometer to the actual measurement in millimeters. The primary tumor thickness is measured from the top of the epidermal granular cell layer to the deepest invasive melanoma cell in the dermis. If the thickest region of tumor is associated with overlying ulceration, the measurement is taken from the base of the ulcer to the deepest melanoma cell. Melanoma cells that extend along adnexal structures, nerves or vessels are not used for this evaluation. In the case of a tumor with polypoidal architecture, the tumor thickness measured perpendicular to the skin surface across the largest diameter of the polypoidal projection.
The Protectors of Religion and Community: Traditionalist Muslim Scholars of the Volga-Ural Region at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

As in many Muslim societies of the twentieth century, the Volga-Ural 1 traditionalist ulama of late imperial Russia were often portrayed as reactionary, backward, and unaware of contemporary changes. While scholars have challenged this dichotomy and begun to address various aspects of traditionalist thought in one way or another, this article aims to understand the ulama’s views on “progress” ( taraqqī ) and how the ulama dealt with change. I argue that their major concern was the preservation of the traditional integrity of the Muslim community (traditionalism), which consisted of three elements—educational, moralistic and legal—and the differences between their community and Russian society in an era of rapid change.
In situ radiation sensitivity of recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor-recruited murine circulating blood and bone marrow progenitors (colony-forming unit [CFU]-granulocyte-macrophage and CFU- megakaryocyte): evidence for possible biologic differences between mobilized blood and bone marrow

Increasing evidence especially stemming from peripheral blood progenitor transplantation studies points to a possible biologic difference between mobilized blood and bone marrow progenitor cells. The objective of this study was to compare the in situ radiation sensitivity of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)-recruited circulating granulopoietic (blood colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM(blood)]) and megakaryocytopoietic (blood CFU-megakaryocyte [CFU-Meg(blood)]) progenitors, with the nonmobilized fraction remaining in the bone marrow (CFU-GM(femur) and CFU-Meg(femur)). Splenectomized male B6D2F1 mice received 50 micrograms/kg/d rhG-CSF daily for 8 days to induce high levels of circulating progenitors, followed by either total body X-irradiation (TBI) or X-irradiation of the chest (CI) with 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 cGy. Progenitor cells were assayed 24 hours after irradiation. Circulating CFU-GM and CFU-Meg in the blood were decreased in a dose- dependent fashion by both TBI and CI, with TBI causing greater damage than CI. Average D0 values for TBI were 53 cGy for CFU-GM(blood) and 40 cGy for CFU-Meg(blood) D0 values for CI were 90 cGy for CFU-GM(blood) and 140 cGy for CFU-Meg(blood). As seen for blood progenitor cells, TBI caused a dose-dependent decrease of both CFU-GM(femur) (D0, 136 cGy) and CFU-Meg(femur) (D0, 148 cGy). However, radiation-induced bone marrow progenitor cell kill was significantly lower when compared with blood progenitors. Despite the fact that circulating blood elements only received a fraction of the total dose administered as Cl, the extent of blood progenitor kill caused by Cl was higher than the effects of identical TBI doses on bone marrow CFU. The results of this study showed that rhG-CSF-recruited CFU-Meg(blood) and CFU-GM(blood) were considerably more radiosensitive than femoral progenitors, thereby providing novel evidence for a biologic difference between rhG-CSF- recruited peripheral blood progenitors and the nonrecruited bone marrow CFU.
Preparation of Relatively Stable Emulsions With Kahn Antigen Base.

Conclusion1. Kahn antigen base when concentrated, chilled and used according to a formula described above yields thoroughly satisfactory emulsions that retain their antigenic properties undiminished in precipitation tests for syphilis for 3 days.2. These emulsions are further superior to Kahn antigen dilutions in tests done at low room temperatures in that under these conditions they give no false clumping.
Effects on Trypanosoma brucei differentiating bloodstream trypomastigotes and established procyclic trypomastigotes when grown in the presence of respiratory inhibitors.

Il semble au bout de cette etude que ni la differenciation des trypomastigotes des formes sanguines ni les trypomastigotes procycliques ne sont capables de survivre par un mouvement rapide a une voie respiratoire alternative lorsque l'oxydase primaire est inhibee
Working-Class Muscle: Homestead and Bodily Disorder in the Gilded Age

“They are having a very searious [sic] riot at Homestead. There is a great many killed and wounded on both sides and it will continue until the state troops put it down.” In his diary entry from the evening of July 6, 1892, Robert Cornell recorded the news of violence that had occurred earlier that day in Homestead, a mill town six miles upriver from Pittsburgh and home to the Carnegie Steel Company's massive works. Even without the avalanche of details that would emerge throughout 1892 and 1893 in the regional and national press, Pittsburghers like Cornell placed immediate emphasis on the events at Homestead. The former coal worker offered two ways to capture the day's meaning—as a breakdown of civic order and as a tally of the damage done to bodies. By describing the clash between steelworkers and employees of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency as a riot that would cease only when National Guard troops enforced order, Cornell assumed that workers had broken free of the constraints that normally held them in check. Industrial discipline, craft pride, and regular wages no longer channeled the power of Homestead's 3,800 workers into the production of steel. Instead, workers now exhibited that power on the streets through acts of violent unity. Furthermore, in noting the physical toll of the day's fighting, Cornell situated July 6, 1892 as a day of battling bodies that could be understood in terms of injury and death. Combined, Cornell's pair of explanations represented a striking interpretation of the meaning of Homestead, one that was echoed throughout the nation in the establishment press.
Effects of zinc deficiency on morphogenesis of the fetal rat eye

Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy results in a high frequency of fetal eye malformations in the Long-Evans rat. In this study we examine the development of the eye from days 12 through 21 of gestation in conceptuses of dams fed deficient or adequate levels of zinc and also examine maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations during this period. Dams were fed diets containing 0.5 (0.5 Zn group), 4.5 (4.5 Zn group), or 100 (100 Zn AL group) micrograms zinc per gram diet ad libitum, or 100 micrograms zinc g-1 diet in amounts restricted on a daily basis to the intake of matched animals from the 0.5 Zn group (100 Zn RI group). Conceptuses were removed and maternal plasma was collected on days 12, 14, 16, 19 and 21 of gestation. Maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations reflected maternal dietary zinc level, with dam plasma Zn concentrations in the order of 0.5 Zn group less than 4.5 Zn group less than 100 Zn group on all days. A similar pattern held for embryo/fetus zinc, except for days 19 and 21, at which times the 0.5 Zn and 4.5 Zn fetuses had similar zinc concentrations. Histological examination of the developing eye of 0.5 Zn fetuses on days 12 and 14 revealed that invagination of the optic cup was often deficient, and that closure of the choroid fissure did not occur, resulting in colobomata and retinal folding visible at term. A very few fetuses were found at term to be anophthalmic or have only remnants of ocular tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancing Gender Equity in Academia Lessons from the ADVANCE Program

Women are underrepresented in U.S. tenure-track faculty positions, and institutional interventions are key to creating greater gender equality and accessing women’s potential. This study examines the effectiveness of one “transformational” intervention, the ADVANCE Institutional Transformation initiative, implemented at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), in 2001. We compare data on women’s representation in faculty positions before and during the UCI ADVANCE Program (1993–2009) to that of seven other campuses in the University of California system, where no initiatives of this scale were implemented. Using descriptive figures, T tests, and regression analyses, we find that UCI had a higher percentage of women faculty and hired a greater percentage of women during ADVANCE years, but did not retain women at a greater rate. We describe the UCI ADVANCE program and its structure, including its “Equity Advisors,” who we suggest have been important in improving women’s representation among faculty at UCI.
Monitoring and control of ethyl carbamate in Guangdong rice wine

Objective To investigate the ethyl carbamate contamination in production process of Guangdong rice wine,and study the relationship of ethyl carbamate content and production process,so as to explore the effective means for control of ethyl carbamate contamination. Methods Meizhou and Heyuan were main producing areas of Guangdong rice wine,4 representative rice wine manufacturers were selected from the two areas for ethyl carbamate detection. Forty-eight rice wine samples,including soaked rice liquid,fermentation broth,formulated solution,aging liquid,sterilized solution and finished wine,were collected from 6 major production phases of the 4 manufacturers to detect the contents of ethyl carbamate by GC-MS after addition of deuterated internal standard. Results Ethyl carbamate was not found in liquor of raw materials,but it increased gradually in fermentation broth,formulated solution,aging liquid and sterilized solution in turn. There was large difference in the contents of ethyl carbamate among rice wines of different manufacturers. Conclusion The production process is closely related to ethyl carbamate content. The improvement of aging and sterilization processes is key for control of ethyl carbamate contamination in rice wine.
ADAPTIVE INFERENCE IN FUZZY KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS

Abstract Uncertain causal knowledge is stored in fuzzy cognitive maps. (FCHs). FCMs are fuzzy signed digraphs with feedback. The sign (+ or –) of FCM edges indicates causal increase or causal decrease. The fuzzy degree of causality is indicated by a number in [-1, 1]. FCMs learn by modifying their causal connections in sign and magnitude. An appropriate causal learning law for inductively inferring FCMs from data is the differential Hebbian law, which modifies causal connections by correlating time derivatives of FCM node outputs. FCM nodes represent variable phenomena or fuzzy sets. A FCM node nonlinearly transforms weighted summed inputs into a numerical output. Therein lies the structural similarity of FCMs to neural networks. Unlike expert systems, which are feedforward decision trees with graph search, FCMs are dynamical systems. FCM resonant states are limit cycles. A FCM limit cycle or hidden pattern is a FCM inference. Experts construct FCMs by drawing causal pictures or digraphs. The corresponding connection matrices are used for inferencing. By additively combining augmented connection matrices, any number of FCMs can be naturally combined into a single knowledge network. An expert credibility weight wj in [0, 1] is included in this learning process by multiplying the ith expert's augmented FCM connection matrix by wi.
Análise Parasitológica de contaminantes de origem fecal em banheiros Femininos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do interior da Bahia

Os endoparasitas podem ser classificados em helmintos ou protozoarios e representam um grave problema de saude publica para a populacao mundial. As parasitoses sao doencas que necessitam de fatores determinantes para que ocorra contaminacao, tais como: condicoes socio-economicas e higienico-sanitarias precarias, estado nutricional e imunologico alterado, idade, fatores ambientais e climaticos propicios. A prevalencia elevada desses parasitas, que afetam principalmente individuos jovens, desencadeiam alem de problemas gastrintestinais, baixo rendimento corporal e consequente atraso no desenvolvimento escolar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presenca de ovos e larvas de helmintos e cistos de protozoarios em elementos sanitarios de banheiros de uma Instituicao de Ensino Superior do Interior da Bahia. Foram coletadas no mes de junho de 2016 amostras de 95 elementos sanitarios (tampa de vaso sanitario, assento sanitario, botao da descarga, macaneta interna da porta, registro da torneira, botao do suporte para papel toalha e botao do suporte para sabonete) em 04 banheiros femininos. A tecnica parasitologica utilizada para analise das lâminas foi o metodo de Graham (metodo da fita gomada), que revelou que do total de elementos sanitarios analisados, 17 (61%) mostraram-se contaminados por estruturas parasitarias. Nas amostras positivas foram encontrados Enterobius vermiculares, Taenia sp, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli e larvas de nematodeos. Diante dos resultados encontrados torna-se relevante a adocao de praticas educativas de promocao a saude a fim de reforcar a importância dos cuidados e habitos diarios que sao necessarios e adequados para evitar a contaminacao e/ou reinfeccao e possivel disseminacao de agentes parasitarios, que possam ser nocivos a populacao academica e demais usuarios da instituicao de ensino avaliada.
Optimal Design of a Quantum Dot Color Conversion Film in LCD Backlighting

The design of the quantum dot (QD) color conversion film in the liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting is optimized in terms of reducing the required amount of relatively expensive QD materials. It is demonstrated for the first time that a dichroic filter on the QD color conversion film can be optimized in terms of its blue emission transmittance, which results in a reduction of over 30% of the amount of QD materials required, while maintaining the targeted color coordinate, color gamut, and the optical output of the backlight. In addition, it is found for the first time, that there is a strong impact of the reflectance of the backlight reflector on the optical output when a dichroic filter is employed. The significant implication of the present simulation results to the optimal design of more efficient backlight for LCDs is outlined.
Experimental studies of the NaCs 12(0 + ) [7 1 Σ + ] state: Spin-orbit and non-adiabatic interactions and quantum interference in the 12(0 + ) [7 1 Σ + ] and 11(0 + ) [5 3 Π 0 ] emission spectra

We present results from experimental studies of the 11(0+) and 12(0+) electronic states of the NaCs molecule. An optical-optical double resonance method is used to obtain Doppler-free excitation spectra. Selected data from the 11(0+) and 12(0+) high-lying electronic states are used to obtain Rydberg-Klein-Rees and Inverse Perturbation Approach potential energy curves. Interactions between these two electronic states are evident in the patterns observed in the bound-bound and bound-free fluorescence spectra. A model, based on two separate interaction mechanisms, is presented to describe how the wavefunctions of the two states mix. The electronic parts of the wavefunctions interact via spin-orbit coupling, while the individual rotation-vibration levels interact via a second mechanism, which is likely to be non-adiabatic coupling. A modified version of the BCONT program was used to simulate resolved fluorescence from both upper states. Parameters of the model that describe the two interaction mechanisms were varied until simulations were able to adequately reproduce experimental spectra.
Arf GAPs and molecular motors

Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) were first identified as regulators of the small GTP-binding proteins ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs). The Arf GAPs are a large family of proteins in metazoans, outnumbering the Arfs that they regulate. The members of the Arf GAP family have complex domain structures and some have been implicated in particular cellular functions, such as cell migration, or with particular pathologies, such as tumor invasion and metastasis. The specific effects of Arfs sometimes depend on the Arf GAP involved in their regulation. These observations have led to speculation that the Arf GAPs themselves may affect cellular activities in capacities beyond the regulation of Arfs. Recently, 2 Arf GAPs, ASAP1 and AGAP1, have been found to bind directly to and influence the activity of myosins and kinesins, motor proteins associated with filamentous actin and microtubules, respectively. The Arf GAP-motor protein interaction is critical for cellular behaviors involving the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules, such as cell migration and other cell movements. Arfs, then, may function with molecular motors through Arf GAPs to regulate microtubule and actin remodeling.
Are there any true δ set Ap stars

Searches over the last 30 years for δ Set variability in Ap stars have yielded about 20 candidates. The validity of such detections, as well as the δ Set classification of these stars, has been a subject of much controversy. An interpretation of the accumulated data, including photelectric photometry undertaken by the author of a number of candidates, is given. One problem involves the precision of the spectroscopic classification. Other difficulties include noisy data, the lack of viable confirmations, and instrumental problems. While all candidates have not been examined thoroughly yet, there remain very few possible Ap stars that might show consistent δ Set variability.
Mismatch Negativity to Pitch Pattern Deviants in Schizophrenia

Simple mismatch negativity (MMN) to infrequent pitch deviants is impaired in individuals with long-term schizophrenia (Sz). The complex MMN elicited by pattern deviance often manifes is cut from here]->ts later after deviant onset than simple MMN and can ascertain deficits in abstracting relationships between stimuli. Sz exhibit reduced complex MMN, but so far this has only been measured when deviance detection relies on a grouping rule. We measured MMN to deviants in pitch-based rules to see whether MMN is also abnormal in Sz under these conditions. Three experiments were conducted. Twenty-seven Sz and 28 healthy matched controls (HC) participated in Experiments 1 and 2, and 24 Sz and 26 HC participated in Experiment 3. Experiment 1 was a standard pitch MMN task, and Sz showed the expected MMN reduction (~ 115 ms) in the simple pitch deviant compared to HC. Experiment 2 comprised standard groups of six tones that ascended in pitch, and deviant groups where the last tone descended in pitch. Complex MMN was late (~ 510 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. Experiment 3 comprised standard groups of 12 tones (six tones ascending in pitch followed by six tones descending in pitch, like a scale), and deviant groups containing two repetitions of six ascending tones (the scale restarted midstream). Complex MMN was also late (~ 460 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. These results identify a late pitch pattern deviance-related MMN that is deficient in schizophrenia. This suggests specific deficits in later more complex deviance detection in schizophrenia for abstract patterns.
When is not not not

Negated complements of negative implicatives in Vietnamese have a reading in which they are logically equivalent to their non-negated counterpart. We propose an analysis which predicts the distribution of such “pleonastic” occurrences of negation and show that it can account for the distribution of another case of pleonasm in Vietnamese: pleonastic modals. The analysis assumes the possibility of multidominance and contains a proposal on the linearization of syntactic structure.