cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complexity, Hypersets, and the Ecological Perspective on Perception-Action

The ecological approach to perception-action is unlike the standard approach in several respects. It takes the animal-in-its-environment as the proper scale for the theory and analysis of perception-action, it eschews symbol based accounts of perception-action, it promotes self-organization as the theory-constitutive metaphor for perception-action, and it employs self-referring, non-predicative definitions in explaining perception-action. The present article details the complexity issues confronted by the ecological approach in terms suggested by Rosen and introduces non-well-founded set theory (hyperset theory) as a potentially useful tool for expressing them. The issues and the tool are brought to focus in the concept of affordance that is the basis for explanation of prospective control of action in the ecological approach.
Quantitation of pulmonary emboli with pulmonary cineangiography: preliminary report.

Pulmonary angiography is considered the definite method of diagnosing pul monary emboli. It is hypothesized that pulmonary cineangiography is superior to conventional pulmonary angiography for quantitation of pulmonary emboli. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis.Six patients with an age range from 27 to 70 years with documented pulmo nary emboli by pulmonary angiogram, had pulmonary cineangiograms. Pulmo nary angiogram defined pulmonary emboli in nine major vessels in the six patients; while, pulmonary cineangiogram revealed another 10 major vessels with pulmonary emboli, which were either not detected or considered equivocal by the conventional pulmonary angiography. The pulmonary embolic score as an index of the extent of pulmonary emboli was 24 (mean 4±2.52 1SD) by the conventional pulmonary angiography, while the score was 60 (mean 10±3.22 1SD) by the pulmonary cineangiography, P < 0.2.Thus, in cases with pulmonary emboli, pulmonary cineangiogram is supe rior to conventional pulmon...
Leonard Bloomfield&#39;s Descriptive and Comparative Studies of Algonquian

SUMMARYBloomfield's Algonquian studies comprise a large body of descriptive and comparative work on Fox, Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwa. The materials he used were derived from his own fieldwork, for the most part, and especially in the case of Fox from the published work of others. His major achievement was to bring explicitness and orderliness to the description of Algonquian inflectional and derivational morphology. An examination of the development of his solution to certain phonological problems in Menominee and of his practices in editing his Menominee texts shows his struggle to reconcile the conflicting goals, formulated in his general statements (in his 1933 Language and elsewhere), of describing a language by determining the norm of the speech community and documenting a language in exhaustive objective detail. In his diachronic studies Bloomfield reconstructed the phonology of Proto-Algonquian and worked out the historical phonology of the languages he was concerned with; his work on morphology was largely confined to the comparison and reconstruction of directly corresponding features. A normative approach to variation is evident in these diachronic studies as well.RESUMELes etudes algonquiennes de Bloomfield comprennent un grand nom-bre de travaux descriptifs et comparatifs sur le renard, le cri, le menomini et l'ojibwa. II basa son travail sur des materiaux recueillis eri grande partie sur place, et aussi, surtout quand il s'agissait du renard, sur des ouvrages publics par d'autres. De toutes ses contributions, la plus importante fut celle d'avoir mis de l'ordre et de la nettete dans la description de la morphologie flexionnelle et derivationnelle des langues algonquiennes. L'auteur examine de pres le developpement de la solution bloomfieldienne de certains pro-blemes phonologiques du menomini et de la pratique de Bloomfield en edi-tant ses textes menomini. Bloomfield dut lutter pour concilier deux buts opposes, qui furent formules dans ses declarations de principes (dans son livre Language [1933] et ailleurs): celui de decrire une langue en determinant la norme de la communaute linguistique, et celui de documenter la langue d'une faCon detaillee et exhaustive. Dans ses etudes diachroniques, Bloomfield reconstruisit la structure phonologique du proto-algonquien et etablit la phonologie historique des langues dont il s'occupait. En etudiant la morphologie, il se limita en general a la comparaison et a la reconstruction de traits qui se correspondaient directement. Dans ses etudes diachroniques aussi, on aperCoit un approche normatif de la variation.
Circadian variation in platelet alpha2-adrenoceptor affinity in normal subjects

Abstract Circadian rhythms—prominent and reproducible temporal patterns that occur regularly over a 24-hour period—have been described in a variety of physiologic and morbid events including death. In patients with coronary artery disease, episodes of angina 1 and acute myocardial infarction 2 occur with a peak frequency between 6 A.M. and 12 noon, with a second but small peak frequency in the late afternoon. Other studies have demonstrated existence of circadian rhythms in plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations, 3 heart rate and blood pressure, 4 fibrinolytic activity 5 and platelet aggregability 6 in man. We designed this study to prospectively reassess occurrence of circadian variation in platelet aggregation patterns in normal subjects. Because platelet aggregation, particularly in response to epinephrine, is related to β 2 -adrenergic state, 7,8 status of β 2 -adrenoceptors was also evaluated.
FDSOI metal gate transistors for ultra low power subthreshold operation

A workfunction-tuned TiN metal gate is integrated into ultra-low-power FDSOI CMOS transistors, optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3 V. The workfunction of the TiN metal gate is tunable across the mid-gap range, by adjusting deposition parameters and post-deposition annealing. The transistors show 71% reduction in C gd and 55% reduction in V t variation, compared to conventional FDSOI transistors of the same size. A 59% decrease in switching energy and a 91% decrease in stage delay is demonstrated in ring oscillators fabricated with the subthreshold-optimized FDSOI transistors when compared to commercial bulk silicon devices.
Hormonal balance and liver catalase activity.

Adrenocortical steroids and various dietary factors were studied for their effects on liver catalase activity. Rats which were force fed a nutritionally adequate diet showed reduced liver catalase activity; this reduction was not influenced by corticosterone administration. Animals fed ad libitum responded t o corticosterone with a slight decrease in catalase activity. Rats denied food for 5 days showed diminished catalase activity and this effect was greatly accentuated by giving cortisone acetate during the fasting period. The ability of hydrocortisone acetate to suppress catalase activity was abolished when desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) was administered concurrently. DCA, by itself,had no effect on this enzyme. A tentative hypothesis relating to the hormonal control of catalase activity is proposed. It is based on the premise that the adrenocortical secretions are the principal hormonal factors in catalase regulation. The modifications in catalase activity seen after other endocrine changes are, a...
Simulations of laser experiments of radiative and non-radiative shocks

Abstract The Center for Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics (CRASH) at the University of Michigan was established to study the properties of radiative shocks using both numerical simulation and shock-tube experiments on the Omega Laser at the University of Rochester. The laser accelerates a thin Be disk, which acts like a piston, driving a shock with an initial propagation velocity of 200 km/s into a tube filled with Xe. Analytic estimates indicate that a shock propagating with a velocity greater than about 60 km/s through Xe under these conditions should be strongly radiative. This paper discusses numerical simulations of a proposed modification to this experiment that produces a non-radiative shock. Comparison of the radiative and non-radiative cases provides an excellent opportunity for assessing the effects of radiation on shock structure and flow morphology. For the non-radiative case, the initial shock speed is reduced to 20 km/s by increasing the thickness of the Be disk and by decreasing the energy of the laser. Two-dimensional simulations of targets with cylindrical shock tubes and three-dimensional simulations of more complex targets with elliptical shock tubes are described. In addition, the effect of the shock speed on the cross-sectional area of the tube is discussed.
Review essay/dirty dollars: Organized crime and its illicit partnership in the waste industry

Alan A. Block & Frank R. Scarpitti, Poisoning For Profit: The Mafia and Toxic Waste in America New York: William Morrow & Co., Inc., 1985, 361 pp.
Third spectra of rare earth elements in chemically peculiar stars: IUE spectra

La detection de raies d'absorption par les lanthanides est difficile en raison de la dominance des raies du fer, y compris chez les etoiles chimiquement particulieres de type Ap. Les incertitudes sont telles qu'aucun resultat definitif ne peut etre donne a l'heure actuelle
Heavy metal tolerance and metallothionein induction in fathead minnows: Results from field and laboratory investigations

Toxicity studies were performed on two natural populations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). One group of organisms was taken from a metal-contaminated flyash pond associated with a coal-fired power plant and the other population was collected from Newtown hatchery ponds. As determined in acute toxicity tests, ash pond minnows were significantly more tolerant of cadmium and copper than were hatchery minnows. At an exposure concentration of 6.0 mg Cd/L in moderately hard water, the median period of survival (LT50) for flyash pond minnows was 50.0 h, compared with 6.8 h for hatchery minnows. The LT50 values for ash pond and Newtown animals exposed to 0.50 mg Cu/L in moderately hard water were 17.0 and 4.5 h, respectively. Both populations were about equally tolerant of zinc. After ash pond minnows were transferred to reconstituted water in the laboratory, tolerance to cadmium and copper decreased significantly after 7 d. Conversely, tolerance was increased in hatchery minnows following acclimation in the laboratory to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. For example, after exposing hatchery minnows for 35 d to 10 μg Cd/L, an acute toxicity test gave LC50 values of 2.88 and 1.71 mg Cd/L for acclimated and control organisms, respectively. This induced tolerance in cadmium-acclimated hatchery minnows was lost when organisms were transferred to cadmium-free water for 7 d. The results justify the conclusion that fathead minnows develop increased tolerance to cadmium and copper following prolonged sublethal exposure to these metals, and that this metal-induced tolerance is not sustained once organisms are removed from toxicant stress. As determined in biochemical studies, gill metallothionein concentrations followed the fluctuations in tolerance exhibited during cadmium acclimation and deacclimation. Thus, tolerance induction was, in part, attributed to increased production of metallothionein, a protein which selectively binds and deactivates cadmium, copper and certain other metals.
ARCHAEAL NUCLEOSOME POSITIONING SEQUENCE FROM METHANOTHERMUS FERVIDUS

DNA in Methanothermus fervidus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon, is constrained into archaeal nucleosomes in vivo by the archaeal histones HMfA and HMfB. Here, we document the translational and rotational positioning of archaeal nucleosome assembly in vitro by a sequence from the 7S RNA encoding region of the M. fervidus genome. The minor groove of the DNA at the center of the DNA sequence, protected from micrococcal nuclease digestion by incorporation into a positioned archaeal nucleosome, faces away from the archaeal histone core.
Resonances, cusp effects and a virtual state in e - -He scattering near the n=3 thresholds

Variational calculations locate and identify resonances and new threshold structures in electron impact excitation of He metastable states, in the region of the 33S and 31S excitation thresholds. A virtual state is found at the 33S threshold.
An Efficient, Three-Dimensional, Fully Coupled Hydro-Thermo-Mechanical Simulator: FEHMS

Hydro-thermo-mechanical effects in fractured rocks are important in many oilfield processes. Modeling these effects is made difficult by the fact that the governing equations are nonlinear and coupled, and the problems to be solved are three dimensional. In this paper the authors describe a numerical code developed for this purpose. The code is finite element based to allow for complicated geometries, and the time differencing is implicit, allowing for large time steps. The use of state-of-the-art equation solvers has resulted in a practical code. An example is presented to demonstrate the effects of matrix expansion, due to pore pressure and heating, on fracture opening due to fluid injection, and induced stress changes at a distant well bore. 19 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Differential brain activation patterns during perception of voice and tone onset time series: a MEG study.

Evoked magnetic fields were recorded from 18 adult volunteers using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during perception of speech stimuli (the endpoints of a voice onset time (VOT) series ranging from /ga/ to /ka/), analogous nonspeech stimuli (the endpoints of a two-tone series varying in relative tone onset time (TOT), and a set of harmonically complex tones varying in pitch. During the early time window (approximately 60 to approximately 130 ms post-stimulus onset), activation of the primary auditory cortex was bilaterally equal in strength for all three tasks. During the middle (approximately 130 to 800 ms) and late (800 to 1400 ms) time windows of the VOT task, activation of the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus (STGp) was greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere, in both group and individual data. These asymmetries were not evident in response to the nonspeech stimuli. Hemispheric asymmetries in a measure of neurophysiological activity in STGp, which includes the supratemporal plane and cortex inside the superior temporal sulcus, may reflect a specialization of association auditory cortex in the left hemisphere for processing speech sounds. Differences in late activation patterns potentially reflect the operation of a postperceptual process (e.g., rehearsal in working memory) that is restricted to speech stimuli.
Trial to Examine Text Message–Based mHealth in Emergency Department Patients With Diabetes (TExT-MED): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study objective Increasingly, low-income inner-city patients with diabetes utilize emergency departments (EDs) for acute and chronic care. We seek to determine whether a scalable, low-cost, unidirectional, text message–based mobile health intervention (TExT-MED) improves clinical outcomes, increases healthy behaviors, and decreases ED utilization in a safety net population. Methods We conducted an randomized controlled trial of 128 adult patients with poorly controlled diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin [Hb A 1C ] level ≥8%) in an urban, public ED. The TExT-MED group received 2 daily text messages for 6 months in English or Spanish. The primary outcome was change in Hb A 1C level. Secondary outcomes included changes in medication adherence, self-efficacy, performance of self-care tasks, quality of life, diabetes-specific knowledge, ED utilization, and patient satisfaction. Results Hb A 1C level decreased by 1.05% in the TExT-MED group compared with 0.60% in the controls (Δ0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.27 to 1.17) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes favored the TExT-MED group, with the most sizable change observed in self-reported medication adherence (as measured by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, an 8-point validated scale with higher scores representing better adherence), which improved from 4.5 to 5.4 in the TExT-MED group compared with a net decrease of –0.1 in the controls (Δ1.1 [95% CI 0.1 to 2.1]). Effects were larger among Spanish speakers for both medication adherence (1.1 versus –0.3; Δ1.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 2.7) and Hb A 1C (–1.2% versus –0.4%) in the TExT-MED group. The proportion of patients who used emergency services trended lower in the TExT-MED group (35.9% versus 51.6%; Δ15.7%; 95% CI 9.4% to 22%). Overall, 93.6% of respondents enjoyed TExT-MED and 100% would recommend it to family/friends. Conclusion The TExT-MED program did not result in a statistically significant improvement in Hb A 1C . However, trends toward improvement in the primary outcome of Hb A 1C and other secondary outcomes, including quality of life, were observed, the most pronounced being improved medication adherence. TExT-MED also decreased ED utilization. These findings were magnified in the Spanish-speaking subgroup. Technologies such as TExT-MED represent highly scalable, low-cost, and widely accessible solutions for safety-net ED populations.
DOSE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAXIMAL EFFECTS OF PROPRANOLOL IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

The maximal effective dose of propranolol (P) has not been well-defined in pediatric patients (pts.). Extremely high doses of P have been recommended for the treatment of SVT and for palliation of tetralogy of Fallot, but neither maximal nor optimal dosages have clearly been determined. We studied a group of 7 pts. (mean age 12.3±3.2 yrs.) who were treated on a research protocol for uncontrolled rage outbursts with P doses far beyond those generally recommended. Following a baseline period, P was administered in a stepwise fashion, reaching maximal doses of 200-490 mg TID (12-25.1 mg/kg/day) and achieving peak P levels of 300-691 ng/ml. At maximal doses, the mean decrease from baseline in HR was 14.5%, in SBP was 10.1%, and in DBP was 13.9% (p<0.001). No significant adverse symptoms occurred. The minimum P dose significantly affecting resting HR and BP (≥ S.D. below baseline) varied in individual pts.; the minimum P dose that produced maximal effects on resting HR and BP was often well above previously recommended dosage (table). The P dose required to produce maximal effects on resting HR and BP was variable, but averaged 1.7-2.2 times greater than usually recommended. Further increases in dosages were well tolerated and produced no adverse effects on HR or BP. The current maximal P dosage recommendations may require modification.
Improved parameters for the diffusion-transport approximation

Abstract Alternate sets of parameters for use in Pomraning's diffusion-transport approximation are obtained by requiring that the use of the method yields good representations of flux transients between media and near sources. Numerical comparisons indicate that use of the new parameters gives results which are significantly more accurate than those obtained with the use of the parameters originally proposed.
Non-pharmacological treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias.

In recent years the recognition of toxicity and relative ineffectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of arrhythmias has led to the development of non-pharmacological approaches. In the setting of supraventricular arrhythmias, such non-pharmacological approaches include preventative pacing, atrial defibrillation, surgery and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Success rates for catheter ablation exceeding 90% are expected in A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia, A-V reentry due to concealed or manifest bypass tracts, and incessant atrial tachycardias. Success rates in the management of atrial flutter are rapidly approaching this. Atrial fibrillation remains the main problem for which pharmacological therapy may still be useful. New preventative pacing modes, automatic atrial defibrillation, and perhaps surgical or radiofrequency procedures to limit the ability to sustain atrial fibrillation are on the horizon.
The Analysis of Induction Machines Controlled by Series Connected Semiconductor Switches

The widespread interest in applying semiconductor switching elements to induction motor speed control has created. a need for a fast and accurate means of predicting motor performance under the unconventional excitation inherent in these systems. In many cases this excitation takes the form of alternate periods of normal sine-wave excitation and periods of open-circuit operation. This paper presents an analytic means of determining steady-state performance under these conditions. Use of the techniques presented permits direct computer solution without iteration. Solution time is thus much shorter than can be achieved by iterative solution of the system differential equations and the necessarily long computation times required to allow the solution to reach steady state from arbitrary initial conditions. Computer results for a single-phase motor and for a capacitor run motor are presented. Results include average torque, motor losses, and efficiencies, and instantaneous torque, current, and voltage as a function of speed. Run time on an IBM 1620 Model II is approximately 100 seconds for each of the desired speeds. The method is thus well suited to evaluation of proposed motor designs and subsequent design optimization.
State-space approach to the bilinear transformation and some extensions

The author presents a method to perform bilinear transformation on the variable in a polynomial or a rational function. The method uses state-space representation and is based on identifying the transformations in state-space framework that correspond to the bilinear transformation. Also, a similar procedure is developed for the inverse transformation, sometimes known as the w-transformation. Some special cases of the bilinear transformation are also discussed. Examples are used to illustrate the method presented here. Combined with powerful software available for matrix computations, these methods should provide a fast way of performing the transformations discussed here. >
Teaching NeuroImages: A pediatric patient with headache and neck stiffness

A 14-year-old right-handed boy presented with sudden onset of severe headache and neck stiffness. Physical examination showed arm asymmetry with smaller size and muscle bulk (present since childhood) and increased deep tendon reflexes on the right, but normal strength. Brain CT and lumbar puncture ruled out subarachnoid hemorrhage or infection. MRI and angiography (figure) identified an unruptured type III spinal arteriovenous malformation at the C3-C4 level, supplied by the right vertebral artery.1 Subtle physical examination findings can indicate underlying pathology and should not be overlooked in the proper context. Vascular studies should be considered for severe headache with negative initial workup.2
Podiatric assessment of the geriatric patient

Foot complaints, discomfort, and disorders and the complications of multiple systemic diseases are significant factors in the development of podalgia (foot pain), limitation of mobility, developmental functional disability, impairment, ambulatory dysfunction, and gait imbalance in the older patient. Foot impairments, changes, and deformities also represent risk factors for the development of many significant complications of multiple systemic diseases and the potential for lower extremity amputation. The assessment, evaluation, and examination of the elderly patient who presents with foot health concerns involves more than the clinical knowledge of the foot and its demonstrated symptoms and signs. There needs to be recognition of the patient’s concerns and needs in relation to pain and limitations of walking and a special concern for comfort. Attention to primary goals (ie, to relieve pain, restore the patient to a maximum level of individual function, and maintain that function once achieved) is the focus for care. The practitioner must anticipate projected changes that relate to ambulation and foot care needs and assure individual dignity. Activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), lifetime occupation, residential history, institutional admissions, and related mental health conditions are important considerations. The customary patient routines, eating patterns, lifestyle considerations, and contacts with friends and relatives, attendance at religious services, and cognitive patterns are important elements in the assessment process. Communication patterns, hearing, and sight directly relate to foot problems in older patients who suffer systemic diseases that present risk factors, primarily neurovascular. Determining the older person’s level of physical functioning gives the practitioner a sense of the levels of independence, supervision, limited assistance, and total dependence. The psychosocial well-being of the patient is also important as it may relate to ambulatory dysfunction and the ability to participate in activities.
Commentary: Using Medical Student Case Presentations to Help Faculty Learn to be Better Advisers

The case presentation is a time-honored tradition in clinical medicine, and medical journals and national conferences have provided a forum for this type of scholarship for more than a century. Case presentations can also be used by educators as a means to understand challenging learner experiences, and by doing so, lead to advances in the practice of medical education. Medical school faculty are asked to serve in student advisor roles, yet best practices for student advising are not known. Unlike clinicians, who often discuss difficult patient cases, medical educators do not typically have opportunities to discuss challenging student cases to learn how best to support trainees. In this commentary, the authors–from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Colleges Advisory Program (CAP), a longitudinal advising program with the goal of promoting personal and professional development of students— describe the novel quarterly Advisory Case Conference, where medical student cases can be confidentially presented and discussed by faculty advisors, along with relevant literature reviews, to enhance faculty advising skills for students. As medical student advising needs often vary, CAP advisors employ adult learning principles and emphasize shared responsibility between advisor and advisee as keys to successful advising. Unlike traditional clinical case conferences, the Advising Case Conference format encourages advisors to share perspectives about the cases by working in small groups to exchange ideas and role-play solutions. This model may be applicable to other schools or training programs wishing to enhance faculty advising skills.
Occupational Therapy Essentials for Clinical Competence, by K. Sladyk, K. Jacobs, and N. MacRae

The purpose of Occupational Therapy Essentials for Clinical Competence is to present the fundamentals of occupational therapy practice in a compilation of work for the occupational therapy student....
THE VALUE OF IMPROVED ENSO PREDICTION TO U.S. AGRICULTURE

The economic value of long-range weather prediction is measured by the increase in social welfare arising from the use of the prediction in economic decisionmaking. This paper describes a study of the economic value of ENSO prediction to U.S. agriculture. The interdisciplinary study involved the analysis of data and models from meteorology, plant science, and economics under a framework based on Bayesian decision analysis. The estimated annual value of perfect ENSO prediction to U.S. agriculture is $323 million.
Strategy, structure, and performance issues of precompetitive R&D consortia: insights and lessons learned from SEMATECH

This paper examines the evolution of the role, structure, and orientation of SEMATECH in supporting the competitiveness of U.S. semiconductor industry between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. SEMATECH overcame its early challenges and succeeded by shifting its emphasis from horizontal (competitive) to vertical (precompetitive) collaboration, and then to a combined horizontal/vertical form (competitive). This evolutionary path in structure and strategy has broad implications for future relations between SEMATECH and the semiconductor industry as a whole, as well as industry R&D consortia in general. These implications are explored by detailing recent strategic developments at SEMATECH and their relationship to the market environment and structure in the global semiconductor manufacturing industry. This analysis is then extended to explore the implications for strategic research partnerships in other industries, which share particular salient characteristics with the semiconductor industry.
Sumoylation and human disease pathogenesis.

Covalent modification by SUMO polypeptides, or sumoylation, is an important regulator of the functional properties of many proteins. Among these are several proteins implicated in human diseases including cancer, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases, as well as spinocerebellar ataxia 1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent reports reveal two new examples of human disease-associated proteins that are SUMO modified: amyloid precursor protein and lamin A. These findings point to a function for sumoylation in modulating amyloid-β peptide levels, indicating a potential role in Alzheimer's disease, and for decreased lamin A sumoylation as a causative factor in familial dilated cardiomyopathy.
RIDE: a tool for interactive source registration in community-oriented information integration

Modern Internet communities need to integrate and query structured information. Employing current information integration infrastructure, data integration is still a very costly effort, since source registration is performed by a central authority which becomes a bottleneck. We propose the community-based integration paradigm which pushes the source registration task to the independent community members. This creates new challenges caused by each member's lack of a global overview on how her data interacts with the application queries of the community and the data from other sources. How can the source owner maximize the visibility of her data to existing applications, while minimizing the clean-up and reformatting cost associated with publishing? Does her data contradict (or could it contradict in the future) the data of other sources?
Crystal orbital study of polycarbonyl

We present crystal orbital calculations of polymeric carbon monoxide (polycarbonyl) by means of Hartree–Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT), and second-order many-body perturbation theory [MBPT(2)] methods. The calculations are performed with improved integral evaluation routines. The results include optimized geometries obtained with HF and DFT methods and MBPT(2) correlation energies calculated at fixed geometry. The chain forms a zig-zag of equidistant carbonyl groups. The results indicate the relative stability of polycarbonyl and may suggest the possibility of experimental detection of metastable forms of the polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
The role of ethnicity in cancer susceptibility gene polymorphisms: the example of CYP1A1

Individual susceptibility to cancer from environmental agents may be influenced by polymorphic metabolic genes such as CYP1A1. The CYP1A1 gene contains four major polymorphisms identified to date. A modern nomenclature system, used with other genes, is presented to clarify the identity of these polymorphisms. The various CYP1A1 alleles exhibit population frequencies that depend on ethnicity. The association of these alleles with cancer at several sites has also been found to depend on racial or ethnic origin of the study population. Statistical considerations, such as the need for large studies when the power to detect a rare polymorphism is low, and ethnic differences in genetic linkage disequilibrium are among possible reasons for ethnic-specific effects on cancer susceptibility related to metabolic gene polymorphisms. New efforts to determine population frequencies of such polymorphisms are essential for future research in this area.
The Architecture of a Mobile Outreach Echocardiography Service

We describe the outreach echocardiography program at our tertiary care referral center in southeast Minnesota. Cardiac sonographers from our institution transport ultrasonographic imaging equipment to regional hospitals and clinics where they perform complete transthoracic echocardiographic examinations. Digital images from standard 2-dimensional, color flow, and Doppler echocardiography are transferred to our clinic for interpretation by a cardiologist. The outreach program enables physicians without access to echocardiography to use this powerful diagnostic tool in the local evaluation of patients with suggested or known heart disease. We detail the organization of our outreach echocardiography program and emphasize the team approach that facilitates optimal image acquisition, prompt interpretation, and timely reporting of results.
Can There be Self-Authenticating Experiences of God?

Let us follow Robert Oakes in describing a self-authenticating experience of God as one that ‘would have the epistemic uniqueness of guaranteeing –all by itself – its veridicality to the person who had it.’ The idea that there could be self-authenticating experiences of God has been criticized often in recent years. It seems that the only experiences that could be self-authenticating are those about one's own current psychological states. Nevertheless, the individual who claims to have such an experience of God is clearly using ‘experience’ in such a way as to suppose that one's experience of God is logically independent of the existence of God, but still self-authenticating.
Aggregation Kinetics of Extended Porphyrin and Cyanine Dye Assemblies

Abstract The kinetics of J-aggregate formation has been studied for two chromophores, tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenylporphine in an acid medium and pseudoisocyanine on a polyvinylsulfonate template. The assembly processes differ both in their sensitivity to initiation protocols and in the reaction profiles they produce. The porphyrin's assembly kinetics, for example, displays an induction period unlike that of the cyanine dye. Two kinetic models are presented. For the porphyrin, an autocatalytic pathway in which the formation of an aggregation nucleus is rate-determining appears to be applicable; for the pseudoisocyanine dye, an equation derived for diffusion-limited aggregation of a fractal object satisfactorily fits the data. These models are shown to be useful for the analysis of kinetic data obtained for several biologically important aggregation processes.
Detection of aortic wall inclusions using regional pulse wave propagation and velocity in silico

Abstract Monitoring of the regional stiffening of the arterial wall may prove important in the diagnosis of various vascular pathologies. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) along the aortic wall has been shown to be dependent on the wall stiffness and has played a fundamental role in a range of diagnostic methods. Conventional clinical methods entail global examination of the pulse traveling between two remote sites, e.g. femoral and carotid arteries, to provide an average PWV estimate. However, the majority of vascular diseases entail regional vascular changes and therefore may not be detected by a global PWV estimate. In this paper, a fluid-structure interaction study of straight-geometry aortas of 350 mm length is described aimed at examining the effects of regional stiffness changes on the PWV. Five homogeneous aortas with increasing wall stiffness as well as two aortas with soft and hard inclusions of 5 mm length were considered. In each case, spatio-temporal maps of the wall motion were used to analyze the regional pulse wave propagation. On the homogeneous aortas, increasing PWVs were found to increase with the wall moduli ( R ² = 0.9988 ), indicating the reliability of the model to accurately represent the wave propagation. On the inhomogeneous aortas, formation of reflected and standing waves was observed at the site of the hard and soft inclusions, respectively. Neither the hard nor the soft inclusion had a significant effect on the velocity of the traveling pulse beyond the inclusion site, which supported the hypothesis that a global measurement of the average PWV could fail to detect small, regional abnormalities.
Hygroscopic Behavior of NaCl-Bearing Natural Aerosol Particles Using Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy

[1] We used conventional and environmental transmission electron microscopes to determine morphology, composition, and water uptake of individual natural inorganic aerosol particles collected from industrial pollution plumes and from clean and polluted marine environments. Five particle types are described in detail. They range from relatively insoluble mineral grains to internally mixed particles containing NaCl with other soluble or relatively insoluble material. We studied the hygroscopic behavior of these particles from 0 to 100% relative humidity (RH). Relatively insoluble materials do not take up water over the experimental RH range. Single crystals of NaCl from both natural and laboratory sources have a well-defined deliquescence point of approximately 76% RH at 291 K. NaCl-bearing aggregate particles appear to deliquesce between 74 and 76% RH (same RH within error) when NaCl is internally mixed with relatively insoluble phases, but the particles deliquesce at lower RH when aggregated with other soluble phases such as NaNO3. For all NaCl-bearing particles studied, hygroscopic growth is pronounced above 76% RH, and water uptake by the particles is dominated by the soluble phase. Furthermore, the soluble phase initiating deliquescence controls the locus of further hygroscopic growth of the aggregate particle. Our results demonstrate that composition and mixing state affect water uptake of natural aerosol particles. Furthermore, internally mixed particles are confirmed to deliquesce at lower RH values than predicted from the individual components.
Scleral expansion surgery does not restore accommodation in human presbyopia

Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy of scleral expansion surgery in the treatment of human presbyopia. Design Experimental study. Participants Three preoperative presbyopic subjects, three postoperative presbyopic subjects, and three young control subjects. Methods Accommodative responses were recorded by an infrared dynamic optometer while subjects viewed an accommodative stimulus that stepped from 0 to 4 diopters in 1-diopter steps. Main outcome measures Dynamic infrared optometer recordings of accommodation. Results Presbyopic patients showed no evidence of accommodation after scleral expansion surgery. Conclusions If presbyopic patients read smaller letters at near after scleral expansion surgery than they were able to read prior to the surgery, then an explanation other than the restoration of accommodation needs to be found.
The State of Undergraduate Research Methods Training in Political Science

Debates over methodology have long occupied a prominent role in political science and its various empirical sub-fields. Recently, these debates and occasional dialogues seem to have intensified. The Perestroika movement within APSA protested the perceived hegemony of rational choice and quantitative methods in journal publications and graduate training (Kasza 2001). Renewed attention has focused on the types of methodologies employed by studies published in the discipline's leading journals (Garand and Giles 2003; Bennett, Barth, and Rutherford 2003; Braumoeller 2003). The kinds of concerns over methodological diversity that motivate these studies also inform discussions about graduate training (Alvarez 1992; Dyer 1992; Schwartz-Shea 2003; Morrow 2003; Smith 2003).
Diagnosis of Dense-Time Systems Under Event and Timing Masks

We study diagnosis of timed discrete-event systems (TDESs) modeled as timed-automata. Earlier works on diagnosis of TDESs assumed that a diagnoser has partial observation of events but can measure (or observe) time with arbitrary precision. In practice, however, time can only be measured with finite precision. We model the finite precision observability of time using a digital-clock that measures time discretely by executing ticks. For the diagnosis purposes, the set of nonfaulty timed-traces is specified as another timed-automaton that is deterministic, generalizing the forms of nonfaulty specifications considered in the earlier works. We show that the set of timed-traces observed using a digital-clock with finite precision is regular, i.e., can be represented using a finite (untimed) automaton. We show that the verification of diagnosability (ability to detect the execution of a faulty timed-trace within a bounded time delay) as well as the offline synthesis of a diagnoser are decidable by reducing these problems to the untimed setting. The reduction of the diagnosis problem to the untimed setting also suggests an effective method for the offline computation of a diagnoser as well as its online implementation for diagnosis.
Development and validation of body rating scales for adolescent females.

Objective: This present study was designed to develop and validate rating scales for body image assessment in adolescents. Method: The figures of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS; Stunkard, Sorenson, & Schlusinger, The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders, 1983, pp. 115–129) used in previous research seem more appropriate for research with adults. Accordingly, we developed two forms of a body rating scale (BRS) depicting adolescent females and administered these scales and the FRS to 315 female subjects. The subjects comprise three age groups, 11-year-olds, 17-year-olds, and their mothers, all participants in the epidemiologically based Minnesota Twin Family Study. Two independent observers also rated each subject. Results: Intercorrelations among raters and scales and with body mass index were generally high and indicate comparability between the BRS measures and the FRS. Discussion: The generally excellent psychometric properties of the new scales coupled with their face validity may make them a useful tool for body image research in children and adolescents. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Professional Development, Departmental Contexts, and Use of Instructional Strategies

Background A report from the American Society for Engineering Education (Jamieson & Lohmann, 2012) identified career-long professional development for faculty, teacher training in graduate programs, departmental climates that value and support educational innovation, and reward systems that recognize achievements in educational innovation as mechanisms to improve undergraduate engineering education. These factors have long been assumed to influence faculty members' choices to engage in educational improvements, but their relationships with teaching practices rarely have been studied. Purpose We examined the relationships among professional development, departmental contexts, and engineering faculty members' use of student-centered teaching practices. Design/Method This study drew on a nationally representative survey dataset of 906 engineering faculty members from 31 four-year institutions. We used multiple regression analyses to investigate whether graduate training, professional development, and institutional factors (e.g., reward systems) relate to engineering faculty members' use of student-centered teaching practices, such as active learning and frequent and detailed feedback to students. Results Professional development activities and, to a lesser extent, graduate training in teaching positively related to the use of student-centered teaching practices. We provide some of the first evidence that graduate training in teaching is linked to the use of student-centered teaching practices. Only modest relationships were observed between departmental environments and teaching practices. Conclusion Engineering departments seeking to increase the use of student-centered teaching practices should consider supporting faculty engagement in on- and off-campus professional development activities. Supporting these activities may be more effective than emphasizing research on engineering education and curriculum enhancement in reward decisions.
Food insecurity and cognitive function in Puerto Rican adults

Background: Food insecurity is associated with nutrient inadequacy and a variety of unfavorable health outcomes. However, little is known about whether food security is associated with lower cognitive function in the elderly. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of food insecurity in a representative sample of 1358 Puerto Ricans aged 45–75 y living in Massachusetts in relation to cognitive function performances. Design: Food security was assessed with the US Household Food Security Scale. Cognitive function was measured to capture general cognition with a battery of 7 tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), word list learning (verbal memory), digit span (attention), clock drawing and figure copying (visual-spatial ability), and Stroop and verbal fluency tests (fluency executive functioning). Results: The overall prevalence of food insecurity during the past 12 mo was 12.1%; 6.1% of the subjects reported very low food security. Food insecurity was inversely associated with global cognitive performance, as assessed by the MMSE score. The adjusted difference in the MMSE score was −0.90 (95% CI: −1.6, −0.19; P for trend = 0.003) for a comparison of participants with very low food security with those who were food secure, after adjustment for age, smoking, education, poverty status, income, acculturation, plasma homocysteine, alcohol, diabetes, and hypertension. Food insecurity was significantly associated with lower scores for word-list learning, percentage retention, letter fluency, and digit span backward tests. Conclusions: Very low food security was prevalent among the study subjects and was associated with lower cognitive performance. Further studies, both observational and experimental, are warranted to clarify the direction of causality in this association.
Luby’s Algorithm

In this lecture and the next we develop a probabilistic NC algorithm of Luby for finding a maximal independent set in an undirected graph. Recall that a set of vertices of a graph is independent if the induced subgraph on those vertices has no edges. A maximal independent set is one contained in no larger independent set. A maximal independent set need not be of maximum cardinality among all independent sets in the graph.
Nucleic Acid Relatedness Among Yeasts

The yeasts are a phylogenetically diverse group of fungi whose teleomorphs are distributed between the Ascomycotina and the Basidiomycotina. The grouping is one of convenience, bound together by the characteristics of predominantly unicellular growth resulting from either budding or fission and a sexual stage unenclosed in a fruiting body. The criteria accepted for use in speciation have, over time, paralleled many other areas of microbiology, first relying on the morphology of vegetative and sexual stages, followed later by definition of taxa through biochemical and genetic tests, and finally, owing to a partial failure of the foregoing to produce definitive results, a reliance on nucleic acid sequence relatedness.