cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation of the concentration of sulfhydryl along the visual axis of aging lenses by laser Raman optical dissection technique

Laser Raman spectroscopy is a powerful, non-invasive analytical technique for studies of constituents in the intact lens. It was employed here to measure the variation of sulfhydryl levels (protein -SH plus glutathione -SH) along the visual axis (VA) of the lenses of different ages. The VA length of each rat and mouse lens was measured using a translation stage micrometer and the laser scattering. The rat VA length varied from 2·85 mm (26 days) to 4·32 mm (16 months). Spectra were obtained for 20 increments along the VA. The results are presented as VA profiles. The salient features in the series of curves are two maxima in the cortex (one anterior, one posterior) and a central minimum. The youngest rat lens (maintained at 37°C to avoid cold cataract) showed a bell-shaped curve. All curves were nearly symmetric for the rat, the minima slightly off center for the mouse. The two maxima of the second youngest rat lens were separated by a distance of 1·55 mm which increased to 2·95 mm in the oldest lens. In a 712 month lens a 0·78 mm segment of the VA center contained too little sulfhydryl to be detected by this technique. This segment increased to 1·44 mm in the oldest lens. The apparent rate of decrease in SH, being quite pronounced in the nucleus, is different at other points along the VA. A plot of sulfhydryl level vs. age for several points at distance r from the center (VA midpoint) along the VA indicates a steady decrease in SH levels with age for r < 1·2 mm. For larger r, there is actually an increase in SH. These results are interpreted in terms of 2SH→S-S conversion, changing rates of synthesis of the different crystallins and of glutathione synthesis along the VA.
RESPIRATION AND INTENSITY DEPENDENCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN CHLORELLA

1. Respiration changes as a result of illumination. 2. In the absence of glucose or other supply of substrate, respiration decays in the dark showing at least two types—a fast decay in a few minutes and a slow decay lasting hours. 3. Respiratory response to illumination is delayed. 4. Intermittent illumination (in the absence of glucose, etc.) produces a periodic variation in respiration with a delay or phase lag. 5. Periodic variation of respiration may produce a higher average value in the dark than in the light due to the lag and depending upon the period of intermittent illumination. 6. Based upon average respiration values our data confirm the Kok effect. 7. Interpolated values of respiration, however, result in photosynthetic rates which are linearly dependent upon intensity of illumination. 8. Thus the quantum efficiency is found to be independent of intensity, over the wide range of intensities investigated.
Birds of a Feather: Mapping Alice Curriculum to Standards (Abstract Only)

This session is for anyone currently using Alice 2 and / or Alice 3, or those exploring the possibility of using Alice in their curriculum. The session will focus on a mapping of an Alice curriculum and instructional materials to CSTA, code.org and ACM curriculum standards and guidelines for a wide range of age/grade levels. The discussion leaders and attendees will share teaching strategies, tips, and techniques for implementing these standards. This is an opportunity to share assignments and pointers to web sites to access instructional materials, such as syllabi, student projects, exams, and other resources with experienced Alice instructors and those new to Alice.Goals for this session include: Review a course mapping of the Alice curriculum to well-known introductory curricula and pedagogy learning standards.Discuss learning standards and objectives encountered in the use of Alice in different environments and educational contexts.Allow educators using Alice to share exemplary assignments and teaching strategies.Provide an opportunity for those thinking about using Alice to ask questions as they determine how it may be most useful in their particular situation.Foster the development of community by allowing Alice teachers to connect and become resources for each other throughout the year.Allow educators to interact with Alice team members to learn more about the latest features of Alice 3 and Alice 2.
α2-Adrenergic modulation of synaptic excitability in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius

These studies examined the effects of the α-adrenergic agonist clonidine on spontaneous and synaptically evoked activity in the solitary tract nucleus in superfused rat brain slices. In one group of neurons which showed no spontaneous spike activity (n = 27), clonidine superfusion induced a dose-dependent increase of postsynaptic responsiveness to input from the ipsilateral solitary tract. In another group of neurons which were spontaneously active but unresponsive to tract input (n = 20), clonidine induced a dose-dependent depression of spontaneous discharge. A third group of neurons which were both spontaneously active and responsive to tract input (n = 11) showed primarily a depression of both activities. The neuronal responses to clonidine in all 3 groups were selectively blocked by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine but not by the α1-antagonist prazosin. These results provide insight into the possible actions of endogenous adrenergic systems in the synaptic processing of afferent sensory information within the solitary tract nucleus.
Simultaneous Measurement of Total and Nutritional Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs

Significant correlation has been shown between the severity of coronary disease and level of coronary blood flow as measured by the rubidium coincidence technique. Contrary to the commonly expressed view, however, the rubidium coincidence method does not evaluate nutritional flow, but estimates total coronary blood flow (CBFT). An equation is derived that does evaluate nutritional flow (CBFN), allowing simultaneous measurement of total and nutritional flow. The extraction ratio of the total body (ERTB) relative to the extraction ratio of the heart (ERC) was measured in a total of 21 dogs by employing the relative uptake of labeled microspheres and diffusible ions, 86Rb and 131Cs. CBFT, measured with a bolus injection of 86Rb or 131Cs, was compared with total flow measured by the microsphere technique in dogs, with and without drug administration (norepinephrine, isoproterenol, nitroglycerin). These studies showed that while rubidium gives accurate mean values of total flow (4% mean difference, r = 0.92) i...
A molecular description of ligand binding to the two overlapping binding pockets of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR): Structure-function implications

Molecular modeling results indicate that the VDR contains two overlapping ligand binding pockets (LBP). Differential ligand stability and fractional occupancy of the two LBP has been physiochemically linked to the regulation of VDR-dependent genomic and non-genomic cellular responses. The purpose of this report is to develop an unbiased molecular modeling protocol that serves as a good starting point in simulating the dynamic interaction between 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25D3) and the VDR LBP. To accomplish this goal, the flexible docking protocol developed allowed for flexibility in the VDR ligand and the VDR atoms that form the surfaces of the VDR LBP. This approach blindly replicated the 1,25D3 conformation and side-chain dynamics observed in the VDR X-ray structure. The results are also consistent with the previously published tenants of the vitamin D sterol (VDS)-VDR conformational ensemble model. Furthermore, we used flexible docking in combination with whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and steroid competition assays to demonstrate that (a) new non-vitamin D VDR ligands show a different pocket selectivity when compared to 1,25D3 that is qualitatively consistent with their ability to stimulate chloride channels and (b) a new route of ligand binding provides a novel hypothesis describing the structural nuances that underlie hypercalceamia.
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase induction mediated by glial foot process-to endothelium contact in co-culture

Abstract Enzyme histochemistry on endothelia/glial co-cultures showed γ-glutamyltranspeptidase induction in those endothelial cells which were in direct contact with a glial cell or a glial foot process. All other endothelial cells (free of glial contacts) remained negative for the enzyme.
Enhanced Quenching of Anthracene Fluorescence by Nitroalkanes in Zeolite X and Y

Quenching of the first excited singlet state of anthracene (1An*) by nitromethane (NM) and 2-methyl-2-nitropropane (2M2NP) has been evaluated by picosecond, fluorescence-based methodologies in alka...
Aids to detection of changing pigmented lesions during partner-assisted skin examination

Recognition of change in nevi requires comparison of lesions over 6 months to one year.1 Melanoma patients performing partner-assisted skin examination (PASE) needed a way to monitor moles2; thus, body maps with margin notes; and body maps with a scorecard were sequentially assessed.
Insights into hydrogen bonding via ice interfaces and isolated water.

Water in a confined environment has a combination of fewer available configurations and restricted mobility. Both affect the spectroscopic signature. In this work, the spectroscopic signature of water in confined environments is discussed in the context of competing models for condensed water: (1) as a system of intramolecular coupled molecules or (2) as a network with intermolecular dipole-dipole coupled O–H stretches. Two distinct environments are used: the confined asymmetric environment at the ice surface and the near-isolated environment of water in an infrared transparent matrix. Both the spectroscopy and the environment are described followed by a perspective discussion of implications for the two competing models. Despite being a small molecule, water is relatively complex; perhaps not surprisingly the results support a model that blends inter- and intramolecular coupling. The frequency, and therefore the hydrogen-bond strength, appears to be a function of donor-acceptor interaction and of longer-range dipole-dipole alignment in the hydrogen-bonded network. The O–H dipole direction depends on the local environment and reflects intramolecular O–H stretch coupling.
The leachability of guayule resin from treated wood

Abstract Field evaluation has shown that guayule resin has potential as a protectant for wood against damage by terrestrial wood-destroying organisms. When used in this capacity, it is essential to know whether the resin migrates from the wood, as a contaminant, into the natural environment. Thus, a study was made to determine the loss of resin from treated wood via leaching under optimum laboratory conditions. After 193 days of continuous exposure to recirculating synthetic seawater, there was no loss of resin from the treated wood caused by leaching nor was there any chemical change in composition of the recovered resin. These results support the use of guayule resin as an environmentally-safe, long term protectant against damage by terrestrial wood-destroyers.
Calcium-Dependent Stability Studies of Domains 1 and 2 of Epithelial Cadherin†

Epithelial cadherin is important in establishing and maintaining cell to cell interactions in epithelial cells, thereby playing an important role during morphogenesis. The epithelial cadherin molecules have three main regions: the N-terminal extracellular region, the transmembrane region that spans the cell membrane once, and the C-terminal cytoplasmic region that communicates with the cytoskeletal actin filaments through catenins. We report studies of the calcium-dependent stability of extracellular domains 1 and 2 of epithelial cadherin as a two-domain construct (MECAD12). Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of MECAD12 indicated a typical β-sheet conformation in all solution conditions. Thermal- and denaturant-induced unfolding was monitored by CD. Distinct calcium stabilization was observed as a shift in Tm from 40 (apo) to 65 °C (10 mM Ca2+). Spectroscopic experiments agreed well with calorimetric (DSC). In the absence of calcium, the unfolding transition was shallow (ΔHm = 40 kcal/mol) but not obviously...
High prokaryote diversity and analysis of community structure in mobile mud deposits off French Guiana: identification of two new bacterial candidate divisions

Bacterial and archaeal community compositions in highly mobile nearshore muds typical of the Guiana coastline of South America were examined by sequence analysis of a 16S rDNA clone library. DNA was extracted from a subsurface sediment layer (10–30 cm) collected at a subtidal (∼1 m deep) mud wave site between Kourou and Sinnamary, French Guiana. Analysis of 96 non-chimeric sequences showed the majority to be bacteria (98%), that diversity was high with 64 unique sequences, and that proteobacteria were dominant (46%). Two crenarchaeota sequences were found (2%). Bacterial sequences belonged to the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (18%), Actinobacteria (11.5%), Planctomycetes (6.3%), Cyanobacteria (3.2%), low-GC Gram-positive (1%), α, γ and δ subdivisions of Proteobacteria (27%, 16%, and 9%, respectively). Additional bacterial sequences belonged to the candidate division TM6 (1%) and to two newly proposed candidate divisions: KS-A (2%) and KS-B (3%). A sizeable fraction (22%) of sequences from the Kourou–Sinnamary library are normally found in water column populations, reflecting frequent entrainment of suspended debris into physically reworked underlying sediments. Dominant sequences (56%) were related to Gelidibacter algens (Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group), Actinobacteria, Sulfitobacter and Ruegeria spp. (α-proteobacteria), all of which are chemoorganotrophs, consistent with abundant labile organic carbon. The presence of sequences from potential sulfate reducers and sulfide oxidizers suggests the likelihood of sulfur cycling in these sediments, despite the dominance of suboxic (iron-reducing), non-sulfidic diagenetic properties. Rarefaction analysis indicated that bacterial diversity in the French Guiana library is not only unusually high in comparison with other marine sedimentary environments, but among the most diverse of all environments reported to date.
The propagation of large amplitude tsunamis across a basin of changing depth Part 1.Off-shore behaviour

Abstract : A theory is presented which describes the propagation of large amplitude Tsunamis across a basin of variable depth in the limit when this depth is varying slowly on a scale defined by the wavelength. In part I only the off-shore behavior is considered, in part II some features of the final run up are described. The technique used is to regard the wave as a slowly modulated simple wave with a slowly changing Riemann invariant. One of the most significant results is that over distances where the effect of depth variation modulates the amplitude of the wave, but does not disperse it, the variations of the amplitudes of the flow variables, such as maximum surface elevation, can be calculated as functions of the undisturbed depth without knowing how this depth varies in distance and without knowing the wave profile. These variations are fully calculated. (Author)
The Risk of Urinary Tract Infection after Flexible Cystoscopy in Patients with Bladder Tumor Who Did Not Receive Prophylactic Antibiotics

Purpose The frequency of febrile urinary tract infection was determined after outpatient flexible cystoscopy in antibiotic naive patients with bladder tumor. Materials and methods A total of 3,108 outpatient cystoscopies were performed in 1,110 patients with bladder tumor. Immediately before cystoscopy patients submitted a voided urine sample for culture. Significant bacteriuria was defined as greater than 10(4) cfu/ml of a single organism. Patients received no antibiotics immediately before or after cystoscopy. They were followed for 30 days for onset of febrile urinary tract infection. Results Of the 3,108 patient cystoscopies 673 (22%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria and 2,435 (78%) had sterile urine. A febrile urinary tract infection developed within 30 days of cystoscopy in 59 patients (1.9%), including in 3.7% of infected and 1.4% of uninfected patients (p = 0.01). All cases resolved within 12 to 24 hours with oral antibiotics. No patient was hospitalized for bacterial sepsis. Conclusions Antibacterial therapy before outpatient flexible cystoscopy does not appear necessary in patients who have no clinical signs or symptoms of acute urinary tract infection, including bacteriuria.
The art/craft object: Its style and conventions

There has been a great resurgence in the creation and sales of craft media objects in the United States in the last twenty years. However, craft media objects are not the same as those of the past, nor do they serve the same functions. This research discovers the conventions which guide contemporary craft media work, and argues that these result in a new style of object. It further discovers why these conventions and resultant objects appeal to those who create and use them in terms of how craft media work and objects fill needs and are congruent with values. The results also indicate the continuing influence of traditional craft conventions and the influence of art conventions.
ARCHGEN: Automated synthesis of analog systems

High-level design of analog systems is an open area that needs to be addressed with the emerging trend of integrating mixed analog-digital systems. Design methods compatible across the analog-digital boundaries would expedite the design process, and in this paper we address analog high-level design issues. An approach for systems-level synthesis of a class of analog systems is presented. A behavioral level for the analog domain is characterized in terms of state equations and transfer functions in the continuous and discrete domains. State-space representations are generated from transfer function specifications that exhibit system level characteristics such as controllability and observability as, well as decoupled and parallel architectures. These state-space representations are synthesized into behavioral-level, technology-independent architectures composed of analog functional components. An intermediate architecture in a circuit implementation technology is synthesized from the behavioral architecture. The various algorithmic procedures for synthesis are implemented in the program ARCHGEN. Behavioral simulation is used for architecture verification and design space exploration. >
African-American and European-American Females Differ in Value Perceptions When Selecting Away-from-Home Meals

Text: National consumption data indicate that Americans spend 46% of their total food budget on foods consumed away-from-home. However, there is limited publicly available research concerning consumer behaviors relating to value perceptions when eating awayfrom-home meals. This descriptive study compares African-American and European-American females’ value perception in food selection pertaining to cost, portion size, and meal satisfaction when dining out. A stratified sample was drawn from a southern US metropolitan area (N 544; 248 African American, 296 European-American). Analysis showed no difference between African-American and European-American females for how often they dined out. These two groups significantly differed across years of education (p .001), age (p .05), and answering 13 of 18 rated statements on value perceptions (p .01). African-American females’ value perceptions are influenced by lower food costs and larger portion sizes compared to European-American females. For meal satisfaction, African-American females were more likely to agree with statements that indicate a preference for fried foods rather than grilled foods and feeling more satisfied with a meal from a restaurant than a home-cooked meal. As interventions are develop to address the obesity epidemic, value perceptions in food selection for away-from-home meals needs to be included. Research on racial differences related to healthy eating selfefficacy and barriers to healthy eating would provide a more comprehensive exploration of reasons related to value perceptions in food selection when eating away-from-home meals.
Intelligent semantic question answering system

The volume of information available on the World Wide Web and the rate of its growth requires new techniques to handle and organize this data. Ontologies are becoming the pivotal methodology to represent domain-specific conceptual knowledge and hence help in providing solutions for Question Answering (QA) systems. This paper introduces an approach for enhancing the capabilities of QA systems using semantic technologies. We implemented an approach to convert the natural language user queries to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples and find relevant answers. The experiment results show that the proposed technique works very well for single word answers. We believe that with some modifications this approach can be expanded to a wider scale.
Diffusive shock acceleration: Acceleration rate, magnetic‐field direction and the diffusion limit

This paper reviews the concept of diffusive shock acceleration, showing that the acceleration of charged particles at a collisionless shock is a straightforward consequence of the standard cosmic-ray transport equation, provided that one treats the discontinuity at the shock correctly. This is true for arbitrary direction of the upstream magnetic field. Within this framework, it is shown that acceleration at perpendicular or quasi-perpendicular shocks is generally much faster than for parallel shocks. Paradoxically, it follows also that, for a simple scattering law, the acceleration is faster for less scattering or larger mean free path. Obviously, the mean free path can not become too large or the diffusion limit becomes inapplicable. Gradient and curvature drifts caused by the magnetic-field change at the shock play a major role in the acceleration process in most cases. Recent observations of the charge state of the anomalous component are shown to require the faster acceleration at the quasi-perpendicular solar-wind termination shock.
Ecology of two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) syntopic in Florida scrub: Burrow/body size relationships and habitat preferences

This fourteen year long study in the Florida scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge demonstrated that visually searching for open burrows of Geolycosa spiders was an effective method for sampling populations in the winter dry season, except one year when abnormally high precipitation during an El Nino event caused many spiders to close their burrows. Not only could the two endemic Geolycosa species be identified by the architecture of their burrow entrances (G. xera archboldi McCrone was aturricolous and G. hubbelli Wallace was turricolous), but the diameter of the burrow opening was highly correlated with the size of the resident spider and the volume of its burrow. The two syntopic Geolycosa species preferred different microhabitats: G. xera archboldi regardless of size was found in barren sand (0-10% litter coverage) whereas G. hubbelli shifted preference as it grew in size (going from 20 to 80% litter coverage). In addition each species exhibited significant habitat preferences: G. xera archboldi was most common in sand pine scrub with rosemary, the most xeric and least common habitat in the scrub; G. hubbelli was most abundant in scrubby flatwoods with sand live oak and in ridge sandhill with scrub hickory, both of which are relatively mesic sites with open canopies.
Some New Solutions for Extended Surface Heat Transfer Using Symbolic Algebra

The paper reports some new solutions for heat transfer through extended surfaces or fins using the symbolic algebra package Maple 8, which is widely available. The four specific problems chosen for the present study are: (a) a rectangular convection fin with the heat transfer coefficient varying either linearly or exponentially with the distance from the base, (b) a truncated conical spine with convection at both ends, (c) a heat-generating annular fin with a constant base heat flux and an adiabatic tip, and (d) a convection fin array made of a rectangular fin and two triangular fins. Each problem is formulated in a manner that makes its solution novel and distinct from what is available in the literature. Solutions are provided in symbolic forms. Using the numerical and graphical capabilities of Maple, the results are presented in the form of numerical data as well as graphical displays. The paper demonstrates that Maple provides an effective and convenient tool for the analysis of extended surface heat ...
Role of Streptococcus pyogenes Two-Component Response Regulators in the Temporal Control of Mga and the Mga-Regulated Virulence Gene emm

We examined the role of Streptococcus pyogenes two-component response regulators (SptR) in expression of Mga and the Mga-regulated gene emm. Both serotype M6 and serotype M1 mutants in 12 of the 13 identified sptR genes exhibited levels of emm transcripts and Mga protein comparable to those of the wild type during exponential and stationary phases of growth. Thus, temporal control of these virulence genes does not require Spt response regulators.
Locally optimal-digital redesign of continuous-time systems

The authors present a novel optimal digital redesign technique for finding a dynamic digital control law from the given continuous-time counterpart by minimizing a local quadratic performance index. The quadratic performance index is chosen as the integral of the weighted squared difference between the states of the original closed-loop system and those of the digitally controlled open-loop system at any instant between each sampling period. The developed optimal digital redesign control law enables the states of the digitally controlled open-loop system to match closely those of the original closed-loop system at any instant between each sampling period, and it can easily be implemented using microcomputers with a relatively large sampling period. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. >
Migration Pessimism and the Subjective Well‐Being of Migrant Households in Mexico

A new migration pessimism argues that the economic benefits of international labour migration for migrant households may not justify the social costs. This article provides a test of this argument based on the author's survey of 304 households in Jerez municipio (municipality), Zacatecas, Mexico, in 2009. The results indicate that active households (those with at least one migrant abroad) perceived their economic situation to have improved more, but both their social cohesion and their happiness to be less than those of non-active households. Social cohesion (family unity and maintenance of values) is shown to be pivotal in the happiness differential enjoyed by the non-active households.
Academic Benefits of Peer Tutoring: A Meta-Analytic Review of Single-Case Research.

Peer tutoring is an instructional strategy that involves students helping each other learn content through repetition of key concepts. This meta-analysis examined effects of peer tutoring across 26...
Design of Arithmetic Circuits Using Reversible Logic Gates and Power Dissipation Calculation

In the recent years, reversible logic has emerged as a promising technology having its applications in low power CMOS, quantum computing, nano technology and optical computing. Reversible logic circuits provide less power dissipation as well as distinct output assignment for each distinct input. The classical set of gates such as the NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR and XNOR are not reversible. This paper aims at finding a reversible counterpart of all the irreversible basic logic gates and developing full custom layout of all these gates with reversibility using 0.25µm technology to synthesize as well as simulate them to check their correctness. Attempts have been taken to minimize the circuit of all the logic gates using CMOS while making them reversible. Further the reversible logic has been utilized to design the reversible full adder and half adder. Using those gates, 4-bit Binary Parallel Adder and 4x4 multiplier circuit are also designed. Thus, this paper provides the initial threshold to building of more complex system which can execute more complicated operations using reversible logic.
A Fusion Protein Consisting of IL-16 and the Encephalitogenic Peptide of Myelin Basic Protein Constitutes an Antigen-Specific Tolerogenic Vaccine That Inhibits Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

To test a novel concept for the generation of tolerogenic vaccines, fusion proteins were constructed encompassing a tolerogenic or biasing cytokine and the major encephalitogenic peptide of guinea pig myelin basic protein (GPMBP; i.e., neuroantigen or NAg). The cytokine domain was predicted to condition APC while simultaneously targeting the covalently linked encephalitogenic peptide to the MHC class II Ag processing pathway of those conditioned APC. Rats were given three s.c. injections of cytokine-NAg in saline 1–2 wk apart and then at least 1 wk later were challenged with NAg in CFA. The rank order of tolerogenic activity in the Lewis rat model of EAE was NAgIL16 > IL2NAg > IL1RA-NAg, IL13NAg ≥ IL10NAg, GPMBP, GP69–88, and saline. NAgIL16 was also an effective inhibitor of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when administered after an encephalitogenic challenge during the onset of clinical signs. Covalent linkage of the NAg and IL-16 was required for inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data identify IL-16 as an optimal cytokine partner for the generation of tolerogenic vaccines and indicate that such vaccines may serve as Ag-specific tolerogens for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
Modeling Heat Conduction Across Thermal Interface Materials With Micro-Particles

Different types of fillers with high electrical and thermal conductivities, e.g. graphite and alumina, have been added to adhesive polymers to create composite materials with improved mechanical and electrical properties. Previous modeling efforts have found that it is relatively difficult to predict the effective thermal conductivity of a composite polymeric material when incorporated with large volume content of fillers. We have performed comprehensive computational analysis that models the thermal contacts between fillers. This unique setup can capture the critical heat conduction path to obtain the effective thermal conductivity of the composite materials. Results of these predictions and its comparison with experimental data will be presented in this paper.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Interaction of FSH and hCG on Follicle Development in the Ovarian Augmentation Reaction

The interaction of hCG and FSH in the ovarian augmentation reaction was investigated using a tritiated FSH preparation in hypophysectomized immature female rats. hCG and FSH treatment increased ovarian uptake of FSH as treatment with estrogen alone had been shown to do in previous experiments. hCG and FSH together also markedly stimulated ovarian estrogen secretion. This suggests that one of the roles of hCG in the ovarian augmentation reaction is related to enhanced estrogen production which acts locally to increase ovarian uptake of FSH followed by stimulation of antrum formation, and an increase in ovarian wt. (Endocrinology 91: 533, 1972).
Communication and Psychological Contracts

A psychological contract constitutes a perceived exchange agreement between parties based upon made or implied promises and obligations made in that relationship. Typically studied in organizations, psychological contracts include employees’ exchange of resources for promised tangible or socioemotional rewards from the organization. Organizational communication has a distinctive role in the formation and management of psychological contracts, and the fulfillment or breach of psychological contracts has implications for employment relationships, employee well-being, and organizational behavior. Increasingly, new dimensions to the study of psychological contracts explore the motivational and health-enhancing elements to psychological contract fulfillment and organizations’ ethical obligation to fulfill them. Keywords: business ethics; organizational behaviour; organizational communication; psychological contract; well-being
Effect of religious attendance on years of schooling in the USA

Using data from the USA, the study demonstrates that an individual's completed years of schooling later in life is positively related to his/her frequency of religious attendance during youth. Using the propensity score matching technique, the study shows that this relationship is causal. This conclusion remains valid for youths of different religious and demographic groups considered in this study. This finding has important policy implications, and thus it calls for attention of researchers, educationists and policy-makers.
Building Pre-Service Teacher Interest in Computer Science Education through Mentoring Experiences (Abstract Only)

K-12 teachers have an important role to play in introducing children to computer science. However, most teachers lack explicit training in computer science. This project explored questions related to the experiences of pre-service teachers as they mentored K-12 children in computer science in an informal learning environment. Through a grant-funded project at a comprehensive public university in the Southeastern United States, five pre-education major undergraduate students in an introductory education course learned basic computer programming, interacted with a K-12 computer science teacher around strategies for introducing computer science to kids, and mentored children in exploring computer science in an informal setting. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data suggest these experiences were effective in increasing student awareness of critical issues related to computer science education, increasing their knowledge and skills related to Scratch, increasing their self-perception as potential mentors in basic computer programming concepts, and increasing their attraction to STEM majors and endorsements.
Resampling method to estimate intra-cluster correlation for clustered binary data

ABSTRACTVarious methods have been proposed to estimate intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) for correlated binary data, and many are very sensitive to the type of design and underlying distributional assumptions. We proposed a new method to estimate ICC and its 95% confidence intervals based on resampling principles and U-statistics, where we resampled with replacement pairs of individuals from within and between clusters. We concluded from our simulation study that the resampling-based estimates approximate the population ICC more precisely than the analysis of variance and method of moments techniques for different event rates, varying number of clusters, and cluster sizes.
Preservation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Cadaveric Marrow

CFU-C assays were performed on unselected cadavers of various postmortem intervals to determine the survival of hemopoietic stem cells in cadaveric marrows. Successful growth was achieved in eight of ten cases up to 11 hours post mortem. The two marrows in which growth was unsuccessful were from patients with underlying diseases that would have made growth impossible even if the marrow was obtained during life. Six cases in which marrow was obtained 11 to 23 hours post mortem showed no proliferative capacity. The average CFU-C in the eight cases with growth activity was 25.8 ± 16 compared with 40.6 ± 35 for 61 hospital patients for whom antemortem marrow cells were available for culture. These two meanings are not significantly different statistically. These findings demonstrated the persistence of hemopoietic stem cells in cadaveric marrows, showing the cadaver to be a potentially abundant source of these cells.
Nutritional implications of increased shrub cover for caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) in the Arctic

Shrubs are increasing in the annual range of arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)), but it is unknown how much summer browse caribou could consume. We measured instantaneous intakes of resin birch (Betula glandulosa Michx.) and feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis (Andersson) Coville) by caribou during summer. Daily intake of a formulated diet without toxins was measured during the same period to monitor appetite. Caribou appetite increased from 64.1 to 86.7 g DM·kg–⁰.⁷⁵·day⁻¹ as animals gained body mass from 96.8 to 113.5 kg. We estimated that caribou required 645 kJ·kg–⁰.⁷⁵·day⁻¹ of digestible energy to maintain body mass and 1113 kJ·kg–⁰.⁷⁵·day⁻¹ to gain body mass for autumn reproduction. Caribou had the same bite mass (9.7 mg·bite⁻¹·kg–⁰.⁷⁵) and instantaneous intake rate (0.17 g DM·min⁻¹·kg–⁰.⁷⁵) on both forages; however, birch contained more phenols (3.3% vs. 1.5%) and less available protein (6.2% vs. 10.2%) than willow. A 100 kg female caribou would need to consume 2.4–8.7 kg of fresh browse, requiring 3.1–8.5 h·day⁻¹ of eating time to meet daily energy requirements. Birch is unlikely to provide enough nitrogen for maintenance of body protein. Therefore, caribou may depend on abundance and diversity of plants to offset toxin loads and low protein intake from shrubs during summer.
Solvable andl-solvablel-groups

It is possible to consider the question of solvability of a lattice-ordered group via two different approaches — one involves the satisfying of appropriate commutator laws by thel-group and the other involves the study of the derived series ofl-ideals of thel-group. The first method defines solvability strictly in terms of group operations, while the second deals with the lattice-ordering as well; hence, solvability andl-solvability. This paper deals with some of the distinctions between these two families ofl-group varieties.
Brokerage Spaces: How Informal Networks Transform Formal Structure In The Pursuit Of Complex Tasks

Complex tasks often require the combination of resources and expertise that are widely dispersed across the firm. Our in-depth inductive qualitative study analyzes how the informal organization act...
Research on the Mode of Enterprise-university-research Organization Collaborative Innovation in Liaoning Province

According to a 2012 investigation about the situation of enterprise-university-research organization in Liaoning Province,we draw the conclusion that there are some problems with the mode of cooperation in Liaoning Province,such as the disability in synergy,the low tightness and unbalanced development. So we propose that raising the intermediary and completing mechanisms can solve the problem.
Mitral valve replacement for regurgitation in an infant with Marfan's syndrome.

A 21-month-old girl with Marfan’s syndrome developed heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation, which was controlled with medical therapy for 12 months. The mitral valve was excised and replaced with a No. 21 Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. The child made an uneventful recovery and is doing well 8 months after the operation.
Scaphoid Nonunion: Surgical Fixation with Local Nonvascularized Bone Graft (Open)

A healthy, 20-year-old right-hand dominant collegiate student athlete presented with a chief complaint of persistent left wrist pain. Three months prior to his presentation, the patient recalled falling awkwardly and landing on an outstretched and hyperextended left wrist during a sporting event. The patient reported persistent pain and limited wrist range of motion, particularly in dorsiflexion. On physical examination, the patient was in mild distress secondary to left wrist discomfort. He was otherwise a well developed and healthy individual standing 190 cm tall and weighing 88 kg. Neck, shoulder, elbow, and digital range of motion were equal, symmetric, and painless.
Pre-Transplant Hypogammaglobulinemia Influences Survival after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT).

Hypogammaglobulinemia (HG) may increase the risk of infection after AHSCT. However, whether pre-transplant HG influences other outcomes after AHSCT is less certain. We therefore investigated the effect of pre-transplant serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels on non-infectious post-transplant outcomes. From January 2001 to April 2007, 287 AHSCTs were performed at our institution. For the current analysis 65 were excluded (15 no baseline Ig data, 13 cord blood transplant, 3 <16 yrs of age, 26 with <8/8 HLA match, 8 2nd AHSCT). The median age was 43 yrs (range, 16–65), 119 (54%) were males, 90% were Caucasian, 148 had myeloid diseases (AML most common, 46%), 68 had lymphoid diseases (ALL most common, 19%) and median time from diagnosis to AHSCT was 6.4 mos (range, 0.2–106). The most common preparative regimen was busulfan/cyclophosphamide(Bu/Cy)-based (70%) followed by total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning. There were 134 (60%) matched related and 88 (40%) 8/8 HLA matched unrelated donors. HG was defined as serum Ig levels less than the normal ranges (NR) for IgG (717–1411 mg/dL), IgM (55–334 mg/dL) and IgA (78–391 mg/dL). The median pre-transplant Ig levels were IgG 953 (range, 18–2710) with 65 (29%) patients (pts) <NR; IgM 60 (range, 3–1160) with 101 (46%) pts <NR; IgA 160 (range, 12–769) with 40 (18%) pts <NR. Univariable and multivariable associations between pre-transplant HG and outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis, respectively. HG was not found to correlate with CMV reactivation, other infections, graft rejection, acute or chronic GVHD. However, relapse was higher for pts with low baseline IgG (p=0.032) and IgM levels (p=0.07). In addition, both overall (OS) and relapse-free survivals (RFS) were significantly worse for those patients with baseline HG. This finding was most significant for those with low IgG levels (OS p=0.007 [Figure]; RFS p=0.001), then for those with low IgM levels (OS p=0.018; RFS p=0.016), and least for those with low IgA levels (OS p=0.017; RFS p=0.043). On multivariable analysis diagnosis, prior radiation therapy and a Bu/Cy/VP16 preparative regimen were prognostic for inferior OS and RFS, while low baseline IgG level was prognostic only for inferior RFS (p=0.05). We conclude that pre-transplant HG due to low IgG is correlated with inferior survival after AHSCT. The routine administration of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin until at least day +100 post-transplant for our pts may in part account for the lack of increased post-transplant infections in those with baseline HG. Low pre-transplant IgG levels may be of prognostic importance to identify pts who may be less likely to achieve graft-vs-malignancy responses and who may benefit from further treatment intensification strategies in order to improve post-transplant outcomes. ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
Screening for Student Mental Health Risk: Diagnostic Accuracy, Measurement Invariance, and Predictive Validity of the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener-Student Rating Scale (SAEBRS-SRS)

Schools have become the largest provider of mental health services to children, thus increasing the need to identify children at risk before problems worsen. The Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavioral Risk Screener-Student Rating Scale (SAEBRS-SRS) student version is a universal screener that assesses pre-symptomology of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Prior research on the SAEBRS-SRS has supported a psychometrically defensible factor structure; however, additional research is necessary to support applied used in schools. In this study, 1102 middle grades students completed the SAEBRS-SRS and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Data were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the screener via receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to identify measurement invariance across gender. Results indicated that (1) the SAEBRS-SRS has adequate diagnostic accuracy statistics, particularly for the SAEBRS Total score, and (2) the SAEBRS-SRS is invariant across gender at the metric and scalar levels of measurement invariance. Implications and recommendations for future research are further discussed.
Characteristics of deep crustal seismic anisotropy from a compilation of rock elasticity tensors and their expression in receiver functions

Rocks in the continental crust are long-lived and have the potential to record a wide span of tectonic history in rock fabric. Mapping rock fabric in situ at depth requires the application of seismic methods. Below depths of microcrack closure seismic anisotropy presumably reflects the shape and crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) influenced by deformation processes. Interpretation of seismic observables relevant for anisotropy requires assumptions on the symmetry and orientation of the bulk elastic tensor. We compare commonly made assumptions against a compilation of 95 bulk elastic tensors from laboratory measurements, including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and ultrasound, on crustal rocks. The majority of samples developed fabric at pressures corresponding to mid-lower crustal depths. Tensor symmetry is a function of mineral modal composition, with mica-rich samples trending towards hexagonal symmetry, amphibole-rich samples trending towards an increased orthorhombic symmetry component, and quartz-feldspar-rich samples showing a larger component of lower symmetries. 77% of samples have a best-fit hexagonal tensor with slow-axis symmetry, as opposed to mantle deformation fabric that usually has fast-axis symmetry. The best-fit hexagonal approximation for crustal tensors is not elliptical, but deviates systematically from elliptical symmetry with increasing anisotropy, an observation that affects the magnitude and orientation of anisotropy inferred from receiver function and surface wave observations. We present empirical linear relationships between anisotropy and ellipticity for crustal rocks. The maximum out-of-plane conversion amplitudes in receiver functions scale linearly with degree of anisotropy for non-elliptical symmetry. The elliptical assumption results in a bias of up to 1.4 times true anisotropy.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Marine Bacterium Oceanimonas baumannii ATCC 700832T.

ABSTRACT The aerobic phenol-degrading Gram-negative rod Oceanimonas baumannii ATCC 700832T was first isolated from estuary mud from the River Wear, United Kingdom, in 1983. Information on the draft genome sequence for O. baumannii ATCC 700832T is included in this announcement. The predicted genome size is 3,809,332 bp, with 55.88% G+C content.
Aging: rewiring the circadian clock.

The robustness of the circadian clock deteriorates with aging. Two new studies show that aging reprograms the circadian transcriptome in a cell-type-dependent manner and that such rewiring can be reversed by caloric restriction.
Intelligent Computational Schemes for Designing more Seismic Damage-Tolerant Structures

A novel concept of multiple deterministic analyses is proposed to design safer and more damage-tolerant structures for seismic excitation. The underlying risk is estimated to compare design alterna...
Building bridges through biography: engaging patients through lifeworld narratives in the clinical encounter

The doctor-patient relationship is the foundation of biomedical practice, yet this relationship has significantly changed overtime evolving to frequently exclude the lifeworlds of patients. This article outlines some of the reasons lifeworlds have become largely excluded from the clinical encounter, the effects this omission has on health promotion and patient satisfaction and offers Anthroposophic Medicine as an illustrative example of a different way to contextualize and manage power using patient lifeworld narratives in clinical care.
A critical role for IL-18 in transformation and maturation of naive eosinophils to pathogenic eosinophils.

The current studies demonstrate a critical role of IL-18 in transforming IL-5 generated naive eosinophils into the distinct inflammatory CD101+CD274+ expressing mature and activated tissue eosinophils that promote disease pathogenesis.