cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of catecholamine cardiomyopathy by allopurinol.

It has been suggested that cardiac injury by catecholamines may be the result of coronary constriction leading to ischemic damage. Allopurinol (ALLO) has been shown to reduce the extent of myocardial necrosis in various systems. Hence the possibility that ALLO might limit norepinephrine (NE) injury was tested. Rabbit hearts were infused with NE (3 μg/min/kg) for 90 minutes, with or without ALLO (50 μg/min/kg). Control specimens infused with saline solution plus ALLO were also prepared. Hearts were excised 48 hours later and studied as isovolumic isolated heart preparations. Peak systolic pressure, coronary flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption were significantly reduced in the hearts infused with NE but not in the NE + ALLO hearts. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate and glycogen concentrations were 29% and 26% lower in the NE hearts compared with control hearts. These reductions were absent in the NE + ALLO group. Moreover, rates of creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase release were sharply elevated in the NE hearts but not in those also given ALLO. These findings are consistent with the changes observed histologically. The amount of myocardial damage was less in the ALLO + NE group compared with the NE group (p < 0.02). This appears to be the first report to demonstrate that ALLO reduces myocyte damage by NE. Possible mechanisms include decreased free radical production, scavenging of free radicals, and preservation of the adenine nucleotide pool. Because xanthine oxidase activity is absent in the rabbit, the latter two mechanisms are more likely explanations for the findings.
Carcinogenicity of nitrosamines and methanesulphonate esters given intraperitoneally, in RF mice.

Single injections of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) were given intraperitoneally to male RF mice at various doses. DEN induced lung adenomas, liver hepatomas and forestomach tumors (squamous-cell carcinomas and papillomas) at all doses, and Leydig-cell tumors of the testis at the highest dose given. DMN, while increasing lung tumor incidence, failed to induce liver tumors when given intraperitoneally —in contrast to high incidences obtained by oral administration. The reason for this difference is not obvious at this time. MMS and EMS were not carcinogenic as used in this study. None of these alkylating agents was leukemogenic.
Biliary tract anomalies in thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins

Thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins were separated urgently on the ninth day of life because of bowel obstruction and impending intestinal perforation. Preoperative studies clarified the cardiac, intestinal, and hepatic parenchymal anomalies, but the precise biliary anatomy remained obscure. Operative cholangiogram through the single gallbladder visualized only the extrahepatic biliary anatomy in twin A. At reoperation for abdominal patch removal, exploration in twin A found biliary atresia. Because of the unusual duodenal anatomy and extreme short bowel, the authors elected to treat the biliary atresia in twin A with an appendix portoenterostomy. Twin B had no gallbladder and a profoundly hypoplastic biliary tree. Both twins have normal bilirubin and liver function at 18 months of age. The anatomic details of 8 additional cases of complex biliary tract anomalies in thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins are reviewed. In all cases, the complex biliary anatomy has been associated with conjoined duodenum. In most cases the preoperative technetium 99m HIDA scan has been inconclusive or misleading.
Limit on $\bar{\nu}_e$ Mass From Free Molecular Tritium Beta Decay

The beta spectrum of free molecular tritium has been measured in order to search for a finite electron-antineutrino mass. The final-state effects in molecular tritium are accurately known and the data thus yield an essentially model-independent upper limit of 27 eV on the ..nu../sub e/ mass at the 95% confidence level.
Is Strategic Human Resource Management Socially Responsible? The Case of Wegmans Food Markets, Inc.

In 2005, Wegmans Food Markets Inc., the family-owned supermarket chain, was awarded the number one spot on the Fortune “100 Best Companies To Work For.” Wegmans’ recognition illustrates an exemplary case of strategic human resource management embedded in an overall culture of social responsibility, amidst a highly competitive and low margin industry. We detail Wegmans’ human resource practices and its overall stakeholder orientation, arguing that the treatment of employees as strategic assets constitutes an effective approach to social responsibility. In other words, strategic human resource management can help organizations reconcile the often cited conflict between profits and principles. We therefore begin with an overview of the contemporary supermarket industry, provide a brief history of Wegmans, and showcase the supermarket chain’s human resource practices. In closing, we discuss Wegmans’ stakeholder orientation and comment on the divide between strategic human resource management and social responsibility research.
MHz-accuracy, 25 GHz-spaced frequency-stabilised optical comb over S-, C-, L-bands for precise optical frequency measurements

A frequency-stabilised, 25 GHz-spaced optical comb over the S-, C- and L-bands has been developed with MHz-accuracy for precise optical frequency domain characterisation including performance evaluation and the wavelength calibration of various types of WDM equipment and components.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Assemble-to-Order Systems with Random Lead Times

We study a single-product assembly system in which the final product is assembled to order whereas the components (subassemblies) are built to stock. Customer demand follows a Poisson process, and replenishment lead times for each component are independent and identically distributed random variables. For any given base-stock policy, the exact performance analysis reduces to the evaluation of a set ofM/ G/8 queues with a common arrival stream. We show that unlike the standardM/ G/8 queueing system, lead time (service time) variability degrades performance in this assembly system. We also show that it is desirable to keep higher base-stock levels for components with longer mean lead times (and lower unit costs). We derive easy-to-compute performance bounds and use them as surrogates for the performance measures in several optimization problems that seek the best trade-off between inventory and customer service. Greedy-type algorithms are developed to solve the surrogate problems. Numerical examples indicate that these algorithms provide efficient solutions and valuable insights to the optimal inventory/service trade-off in the original problems.
The solar abundance of germanium

Spectral scans of the wavelength regions around 3039 A and 3269 A were used as a basis for the determination of the solar abundance of germanium. A solar model similar to the one given by Elste (1968) was used in the analysis of the data. The germanium abundance values obtained are presented in a table. Taking into account an abundance compilation for the solar system conducted by Cameron (1973), it is concluded that the 'solar system' and solar atmospheric abundances of germanium are in accord.
Red cell sensitization due to anti‐D in anti‐lymphocyte globulin

: Four Rh-positive patients with severe aplastic anemia received equine anti-lymphocyte globulin. Each developed a positive direct antiglobulin test. Anti-D was identified in eluates prepared from the patients' sensitized red cells. The administered lot of anti-lymphocyte globulin was found to contain anti-D. Red cell sensitization due to passively acquired Rh antibodies can result from the administration of anti-lymphocyte globulin.
Baccalaureate Community Colleges: The New Florida College System

In 2008 Florida's Senate Bill No. 1716 was enacted, which replaced the Florida Community College System with the Florida College System and presented 9 out of the 28 community colleges with the option to transition to state colleges. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of Senate Bill No. 1716 and, in doing so, discuss the processes involved and related to this systemic change on the future of Florida's previous community college system. The state of Florida currently leads the community college baccalaureate movement and, as a result, faces new and unforeseen challenges for the future. The current Florida College System will undergo many changes and overhauls. The implementation process thus far, including the six months following the enactment of the legislation, has proven to be democratically transparent.
Solution structure of Rv2377c-founding member of the MbtH-like protein family

Summary The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv2377c (71 residues, MW=8.4kDa) has been characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Rv2377c was the first identified member of the MbtH-like family of proteins. MbtH-like proteins have been implicated in siderophore biosynthesis, however, their precise biochemical function remain unknown. Size exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy show that Rv2377c is a monomer in solution. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that Rv2377c unfolds upon heating and will reversibly fold into its native conformation upon cooling. Using NMR-based methods the solution structure of Rv2377c was determined and some of the dynamic properties of the protein studied. The protein contains a three-strand, anti-parallel β-sheet (β3:β1:β2) nestled against one C-terminal α-helix (S44–N55). Weak or absent amide cross peaks in the 1 H– 15 N HSQC spectrum for many of the β1 and β2 residues suggest intermediate motion on the ms to μs time scale at the β1:β2 interface. Amide cross peaks in the 1 H– 15 N HSQC spectrum are absent for all but one residue at the C-terminus (W56–D71), a region that includes a highly conserved sequence WXDXR, suggesting this region is intrinsically disordered. The latter observation differs with the crystal structure of another MbtH-like protein, PA2412 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa , where a second ordered α-helix was observed at the extreme C-terminus.
MROrchestrator: A Fine-Grained Resource Orchestration Framework for MapReduce Clusters

Efficient resource management in data centers and clouds running large distributed data processing frameworks like MapReduce is crucial for enhancing the performance of hosted applications and increasing resource utilization. However, existing resource scheduling schemes in Hadoop MapReduce allocate resources at the granularity of fixed-size, static portions of nodes, called slots. In this work, we show that MapReduce jobs have widely varying demands for multiple resources, making the static and fixed-size slot-level resource allocation a poor choice both from the performance and resource utilization standpoints. Furthermore, lack of coordination in the management of multiple resources across nodes prevents dynamic slot reconfiguration, and leads to resource contention. Motivated by this, we propose MROrchestrator, a MapReduce resource Orchestrator framework, which can dynamically identify resource bottlenecks, and resolve them through fine-grained, coordinated, and on-demand resource allocations. We have implemented MROrchestrator on two 24-node native and virtualized Hadoop clusters. Experimental results with a suite of representative MapReduce benchmarks demonstrate up to 38% reduction in job completion times, and up to 25% increase in resource utilization. We further demonstrate the performance boost in existing resource managers like NGM and Mesos, when augmented with MROrchestrator.
IL-4 Signaling Drives a Unique Arginase+/IL-1β+ Microglia Phenotype and Recruits Macrophages to the Inflammatory CNS: Consequences of Age-Related Deficits in IL-4Rα after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Alternative activation of microglia/macrophages (M2a) by interleukin (IL)-4 is purported to support intrinsic growth and repair processes after CNS injury. Nonetheless, alternative activation of microglia is poorly understood in vivo, particularly in the context of inflammation, injury, and aging. Here, we show that aged mice (18-19 months) had reduced functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) associated with impaired induction of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) on microglia. The failure to successfully promote an IL-4/IL-4Rα response in aged mice resulted in attenuated arginase (M2a associated), IL-1β, and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, and diminished recruitment of IL-4Rα(+) macrophages to the injured spinal cord. Furthermore, the link between reduced IL-4Rα expression and reduced arginase, IL-1β, and CCL2 expression was confirmed using adult IL-4Rα knock-out (IL-4Rα(KO)) mice. To better understand IL-4Rα-mediated regulation of active microglia, a series of studies was completed in mice that were peripherally injected with lipopolysaccharide and later provided IL-4 by intracerebroventricular infusion. These immune-based studies demonstrate that inflammatory-induced IL-4Rα upregulation on microglia was required for the induction of arginase by IL-4. In addition, IL-4-mediated reprogramming of active microglia enhanced neurite growth ex vivo and increased inflammatory gene expression (i.e., IL-1β and CCL2) and the corresponding recruitment of CCR2(+)/IL-4Rα(+)/arginase(+) myeloid cells in vivo. IL-4 reprogrammed active microglia to a unique and previously unreported phenotype (arginase(+)/IL-1β(+)) that augmented neurite growth and enhanced recruitment of peripheral IL-4Rα(+) myeloid cells to the CNS. Moreover, this key signaling cascade was impaired with age corresponding with reduced functional recovery after SCI.
Reshock behavior of silicon carbide

The shear strength of a ceramic is an important material property which is indicative of its behaviour under impact loading condition, The brittle nature of ceramics suggest that impact loading of a ceramic attained due to subsonic impact could change the initial shear strength of the ceramic. If so, the subsequent behaviour of the ceramic may not be dependent on the the initial strength. Thus, it is necessary to determine the shear strength of a cermaic under single and multiple impacts. The present work determines the change in the shear strength of silicon carbide under a single shock, shock-reshock, and shock-release wave propagation, respectively. The material used in this work is marketed by CERCOM Inc. as SiC-B. The results of this work indicate that shear strength of SiC-B increases under shock-reshock.
Agreement of Mothers' and Teachers' Hyperactivity Ratings with Scores on Drug-Sensitive Psychological Tests.

Hyperactivity ratings were obtained from parents and teachers for 45 hyperactive children. The children were also given several psychological tests. Teachers' ratings, but not parents' ratings, were negatively correlated with performance on the psychological tests that require sustained attention and on which performance is improved by stimulant drugs. This pattern of correlations was interpreted as evidence that teachers, but not parents, have an opportunity to observe children performing daily tasks that require sustained attention.
Provider variation in fast track treatment time.

OBJECTIVE To examine the degree to which fast track (FT) treatment time varies among providers. METHODS A retrospective cohort study that included 105,783 FT visits at 3 emergency departments (EDs) during a 3-year period. We calculated the median treatment time for 80 primary providers (physicians and physician extenders) and 109 nurses (2 sites only). We used a hierarchical linear regression model that accounted for the clustering of patient visits to the same provider to estimate each provider's median treatment time controlling for patient, clinical, temporal, and ED demand (ie, number of arrivals) characteristics. RESULTS Median FT treatment time across the 3 sites ranged from 48 to 134 minutes. Adjusted for other factors, the median FT treatment time of providers at the 90th versus 10th percentiles was 1.4 to 2.6 times longer across the 3 sites. The variation by FT nurses was also large. The median FT treatment time of nurses at the 90th versus 10th percentiles was 1.5 and 1.4 times longer at sites A and C, respectively. At all sites, provider and clinical factors explained more variation in FT treatment time than patient, ED demand, or temporal factors. CONCLUSIONS There were clinically meaningful differences in FT treatment time among the providers at all sites. Given that the providers share the same environment and patient population, understanding why such large provider variation in FT treatment time exists warrants further investigation.
The potential applications of a virtual moving environment for assessing falls in elderly adults.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the moving room paradigm could be used to assess fall risk in older people. A group of young adults (18–29 years) and two groups of elderly adults (60–79 years) with and without a history of falls were placed into a simulated moving room. Participants stood still facing an oscillating three dimensional virtual room moving in the antero-posterior plane with three types of room movement conditions, continuous oscillatory, discrete anterior and discrete posterior. The young adults performed with less postural motion and coherence with the virtual motion than the older age groups. The group of elderly fallers exhibited more postural motion [center of pressure (COP) length, p
Effects of silicone antitranspirant on woody plants

Effects of Dow Corning silicone emulsion antitranspirant (XF-4-3561 Fluid) on transpiration of Fraxinus americana, Acer saccharum, and Pinus resinosa seedlings and on chlorophyll content and seedling mortality of these species and Pinus strobus were investigated. The effect of silicone on expansion of new (current year) needles of Pinus resinosa and P. strobus was also studied. Transpiration of Fraxinus seedlings treated with 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10% silicone was reduced for only one day. Five and 3% silicone reduced transpiration by about 70% and 40% in Acer. The effects of 5% silicone lasted at least 7 days and of 3% silicone for about 5 days. Five percent silicone decreased transpirations of Pinus resinosa by 90% for more than 10 days in plants growing in wet or dry soil. Internal water balance of Pinus resinosa needles was improved 12 days after treatment with 5% silicone. Silicone emulsion at 50, 20, and 10% was toxic to all four species. Fifty percent silicone killed all four species. Twenty percent silicone killed Acer and Pinus resinosa seedlings, and caused shedding of whole leaves of Fraxinus. Ten percent silicone induced brown spots (about 1 mm in diameter) on Fraxinus leaflets, browning at tips of Acer leaves, and a light green color at tips of new (current-year) needles of Pinus resinosa and P. strobus. Acer leaves treated with 10% silicone suddenly turned brown on a hot day, indicating that weather conditions greatly affected appearance of toxicity symptoms. Silicone at 1 or 3% did not induce injury to any of the four species investigated. Elongation of new (current-year) needles of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus seedlings was significantly retarded by 20 and 10% silicone. The growth rate of new needles of Pinus strobus during the second month after treatment with 10 or 20% silicone was higher than that of plants treated with 3 or 1% silicone or of control plants. Three percent silicone also retarded growth of new needles of Pinus resinosa. Chlorophyll content 45 days after application of 20% or 10% silicone was reduced in all 4 species. Three percent silicone reduced chlorophyll content in Pinus resinosa and Acer saccharum, but not in Fraxinus or Pinus strobus. One percent silicone did not reduce chlorophyll content in any species. Possible reasons for variations in species response to silicone are discussed.
Examination of a Spanish medieval processional crucifix substantially reworked in the 20th century

The authenticity of a double-sided painted processional crucifix acquired as Spanish 13th century from a private collection in Barcelona was questioned shortly after the piece entered The Cloisters (Metropolitan Museum of Art) collection in 1955. At the time, a combination of connoisseurship and limited technical analysis was employed to conclude that the crucifix was a forgery. In this work, a re-examination was carried out in order to support or deny earlier conclusions. Pigments and ground layers were analyzed in paint samples by Raman microscopy, complemented by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic elemental analysis. The results showed that the piece is a re-fabrication of a Spanish medieval cross, perhaps dating from the 14th century. Significant alterations were made in order to present the work as a rare example of its type. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECTS OF WATER CONDITIONS ON CLUTCH SIZE, EGG VOLUME, AND HATCHLING MASS OF MALLARDS AND GADWALLS IN THE PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION

We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyr- hynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988-1994. We also examined the re- lationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966-1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with per- cent basin area wet. These species differences may re- flect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breed- ing grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.
Active motion artifact cancellation for wearable health monitoring sensors using collocated MEMS accelerometers

This paper presents an active noise cancellation technique for recovering wearable biosensor signals corrupted by bodily motion. A finger mounted photoplethysmograph (PPG) ring sensor with a collocated MEMS accelerometer is considered. The system by which finger acceleration disturbs PPG output is identified and a means of modeling this relationship is prescribed using either FIR or Laguerre models. This means of modeling motivates the use of a recursive least squares active noise cancellation technique using the MEMS accelerometer reading as an input for a FIR or Laguerre model. The model parameters are identified and tuned in real time to minimize the power of the recovered PPG signal. Experiments show that the active noise cancellation method can recover pulse information from PPG signals corrupted with up to 2G of acceleration with 85% improvement in mean squared error.
Embryo transfer practices in the United States: A survey of clinics registered with the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology

Objective To gain a better understanding of factors influencing clinicians' embryo transfer practices. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Web-based survey conducted in December 2008 of individuals practicing IVF in centers registered with the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Prevalence of clinicians reporting following embryo transfer guidelines recommended by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), prevalence among these clinicians to deviate from ASRM guidelines in commonly encountered clinical scenarios, and practice patterns related to single embryo transfer. Result(s) Six percent of respondents reported following their own, independent guidelines for the number of embryos to transfer after IVF. Of the 94% of respondents who reported routinely following ASRM embryo transfer guidelines, 52% would deviate from these guidelines for patient request, 51% for cycles involving the transfer of frozen embryos, and 70% for patients with previously failed IVF cycles. All respondents reported routinely discussing the risks of multiple gestations associated with standard embryo transfer practices, whereas only 34% reported routinely discussing single embryo transfer with all patients. Conclusion(s) Although the majority of clinicians responding to our survey reported following ASRM embryo transfer guidelines, at least half would deviate from these guidelines in a number of different situations.
Very-Low-Temperature Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of N2O, NO, and NO2

Abstract We have constructed an absorption cell which is cooled to close to liquid helium temperature by an open cycle refrigerator. Infrared spectra of gaseous N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 cooled by collisions with helium buffer gas nearly to the cell wall temperature of approximately 5 K at pressures near 50 mTorr have been recorded by diode laser absorption. In the present design, the probe laser beam makes four passes through the cold sample. The enhancement of absorption line intensities is consistent with our expectations, as is the decrease in Doppler-broadened linewidths. The sample rotational temperatures were estimated by measuring relative intensities of low- J transitions. The increased resolution resulting from the linewidth reduction allows routine measurement of fine and hyperfine splittings masked at the Doppler width of an ambient temperature sample.
Characterization of Glucose-Mediated Insulin Release from Implantable Polymers

We characterized a glucose-sensitive, controlled-release insulin delivery system. Insulin release rates increased when glucose was perfused in the release media surrounding the matrix. The system was composed of solid, particulate insulin, incorporated into an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrix. Feedback control was mediated by the glucose oxidase enzyme immobilized to Sepharose beads, which were incorporated along with insulin into the EVAc matrix. When glucose in solution entered the insulin delivery system, gluconic acid was produced, causing a drop in the microenvironmental pH of the matrix. This fall in pH resulted in a rise in insulin solubility and consequently a rise in the insulin release rate from the matrix. Insulin concentrations increased in vitro and in vivo in response to glucose infusion. The increased insulin release was shown to consist of a finite pulse of insulin that required an optimal recovery period of 1 h to achieve a maximal repeated response to a glucose stimulus. Repeated pulses were demonstrated over a 4 h period. An optimum enzyme ratio was also determined.
Support for 5-HT2C receptor functional selectivity in vivo utilizing structurally diverse, selective 5-HT2C receptor ligands and the 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine elicited head-twitch response model

There are seemingly conflicting data in the literature regarding the role of serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptors in the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) elicited by the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptor agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI). Namely, both 5-HT2C receptor agonists and antagonists, regarding 5-HT2C receptor-mediated Gq-phospholipase C (PLC) signaling, reportedly attenuate the HTR response. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that both classes of 5-HT2C receptor compounds could attenuate the DOI-elicited-HTR in a single strain of mice, C57Bl/6J. The expected results were considered in accordance with ligand functional selectivity. Commercially-available 5-HT2C agonists (CP 809101, Ro 60-0175, WAY 161503, mCPP, and 1-methylpsilocin), novel 4-phenyl-2-N,N-dimethyl-aminotetralin (PAT)-type 5-HT2C agonists (with 5-HT2A/2B antagonist activity), and antagonists selective for 5-HT2A (M100907), 5-HT2C (SB-242084), and 5-HT2B/2C (SB-206553) receptors attenuated the DOI-elicited-HTR. In contrast, there were differential effects on locomotion across classes of compounds. The 5-HT2C agonists and M100907 decreased locomotion, SB-242084 increased locomotion, SB-206553 resulted in dose-dependent biphasic effects on locomotion, and the PATs did not alter locomotion. In vitro molecular pharmacology studies showed that 5-HT2C agonists potent for attenuating the DOI-elicited-HTR also reduced the efficacy of DOI to activate mouse 5-HT2C receptor-mediated PLC signaling in HEK cells. Although there were differences in affinities of a few compounds at mouse compared to human 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors, all compounds tested retained their selectivity for either receptor, regardless of receptor species. Results indicate that 5-HT2C receptor agonists and antagonists attenuate the DOI-elicited-HTR in C57Bl/6J mice, and suggest that structurally diverse 5-HT2C ligands result in different 5-HT2C receptor signaling outcomes compared to DOI.
Ulnar neuropathy with prominent proximal Martin-Gruber anastomosis

Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) is the most common nerve anastomosis in the upper extremities and it crosses from the median nerve to the ulnar nerve. Proximal MGA is an under recognized anastomosis between the ulnar and median nerves at or above the elbow and should not be missed during nerve conduction studies. We presented two patients with ulnar neuropathy mimicking findings including numbness and tingling of the 4th and 5th digits and mild weakness of intrinsic hand muscles. However, both cases had an apparently remarkable conduction block between the below- and above-elbow sites that was disproportionate to their clinical findings. To explain this discrepancy, a large MGA was detected with stimulation of the median nerve at the elbow. Thus, proximal MGA should be considered in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow when apparent conduction block or/and discrepancy between clinical and electrodiagnostic findings is found.
Transferring embodied concepts between perceptually heterogeneous robots

This paper explores methods and representations that allow two perceptually heterogeneous robots, each of which represents concepts via grounded properties, to transfer knowledge despite their differences. This is an important issue, as it will be increasingly important for robots to communicate and effectively share knowledge to speed up learning as they become more ubiquitous. We use Gardenfors' conceptual spaces to represent objects as a fuzzy combination of properties such as color and texture, where properties themselves are represented as Gaussian Mixture Models in a metric space. We then use confusion matrices that are built using instances from each robot, obtained in a shared context, in order to learn mappings between the properties of each robot. These mappings are then used to transfer a concept from one robot to another, where the receiving robot was not previously trained on instances of the objects. We show in a 3D simulation environment that these models can be successfully learned and concepts can be transferred between a ground robot and an aerial quadrotor robot.
MAMMARY CARCINOMA IN MICE BEARING A TRANSPLANTABLE MAMMOTROPIC TUMOR, CARRYING THE BITTNER VIRUS.

Summary1. A subline of mammotropic tumor strain 38, used in previous co-carcinogenesis studies with Bittner's virus (MTV), now appears to carry this virus and causes mammary tumors in adult mice of a strain (LAF1) in which spontaneous mammary tumors are very rare. This strain has marked mammary gland stimulating, marked adrenotropic and moderate growth-promoting activities. 2. Numerous similar MtT strains studied earlier failed to induce mammary tumors. 3. Electronmicrographs showed MTV-like particles in both mammotropic tumor and mammary gland. 4. In a small experiment no mammary tumors developed in bilaterally adrenalectomized mice bearing this mammotropic tumor, even though adrenalectomy enhanced the growth of the mammotropic tumor. Prevention of induction of mammary tumor by adrenalectomy might be related to inhibition of milk secretion and reduction of viral concentration. 5. Cancerization by this mammotropic tumor is extraordinary so that almost every mammary pad examined had microscopic mammary car...
The quality of mothers' solutions to child-rearing problems: what difference does setting internal or external to the family make?

The quality of mothers’ solutions to child-rearing problems: what difference does setting internal or external to the family make? In this study we examined the difference the setting of a child-rearing problem, either internal or external to the family, made for mothers’ generation of solutions likely to assist a child’s development of problem-solving competencies. In addition, the direct effect of a mother’s personal resources (age, education, number of children parented, and verbal ability) and the direct and mediating effect of the extent to which a mother took the child’s perspective on her generation of assistive solutions were explored. Adult mothers (n = 128) of children ranging in age from 1 month to 18 years were interviewed by telephone concerning eight hypothetical child-rearing problems. Mothers generated a greater proportion of assistive solutions and took the child’s perspective more often for external problems than for internal problems. For internal problems, a mother’s verbal ability made a significant contribution to the proportion of assistive solutions generated. For external problems, number of children made a significant negative contribution. For external problems, perspective taking had a mediating effect on the relationship of number of children with the proportion of assistive solutions generated. The nature of a mother’s perspective taking and the function that it has in solution generation for child-rearing problems merit exploration.
Attributions for Pride, Anger, and Guilt among Incarcerated Adolescents

Previous research has identified a number of cognitive variables that characterize delinquent youth. However, research has infrequently questioned whether social cognitive processing and content differ between delinquent and nondelinquent youth. Therefore, the aims of the work reported here were to (a) explore the linkages between attributions and affect and (b) compare the content of causal thinking among incarcerated delinquent youth and their nondelinquent peers. Study 1 investigated attributions for the emotions of anger, pride, and guilt among 26 incarcerated male adolescents. Relatively few causes were found for anger and guilt, but a larger variety of causes were cited for pride. A follow-up study then compared causal attributions of 56 incarcerated adolescents with those of 57 secondary school adolescents, both male and female, for the affect of pride. Incarcerated youth typically attributed feelings of pride to activities culturally appropriate for adults. In addition, females cited school success as a source of pride at twice the rate of males. The importance of this research for understanding and ameliorating the impact of typical life experiences on at-risk youth is discussed. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
LoCo: a novel main chain scoring function for protein structure prediction based on local coordinates

Successful protein structure prediction requires accurate low-resolution scoring functions so that protein main chain conformations that are close to the native can be identified. Once that is accomplished, a more detailed and time-consuming treatment to produce all-atom models can be undertaken. The earliest low-resolution scoring used simple distance-based "contact potentials," but more recently, the relative orientations of interacting amino acids have been taken into account to improve performance. We developed a new knowledge-based scoring function, LoCo, that locates the interaction partners of each individual residue within a local coordinate system based only on the position of its main chain N, Cα and C atoms. LoCo was trained on a large set of experimentally determined structures and optimized using standard sets of modeled structures, or "decoys." No structure used to train or optimize the function was included among those used to test it. When tested against 29 other published main chain functions on a group of 77 commonly used decoy sets, our function outperformed all others in Cα RMSD rank of the best-scoring decoy, with statistically significant p-values < 0.05 for 26 out of the 29 other functions considered. LoCo is fast, requiring on average less than 6 microseconds per residue for interaction and scoring on commonly-used computer hardware. Our function demonstrates an unmatched combination of accuracy, speed, and simplicity and shows excellent promise for protein structure prediction. Broader applications may include protein-protein interactions and protein design.
Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus: Metabolic characteristics

Abstract Glucose intolerance in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus can theoretically arise from a loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) and/or from a decrease in insulin secretory capacity. A review of available literature indicates that both of these defects can exist in these patients. Thus, patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus demonstrate a decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin, and there is a significant relationship between the severity of the glucose intolerance and the magnitude of the insulin resistance in these patients. The relationship between glucose intolerance and insulin secretion in patients with insulin-independent diabetes is more complicated. Patients with mild glucose intolerance tend to have an insulin response to glucose equal to or greater than normal. As the severity of glucose intolerance increases, the insulin response becomes attenuated and patients with severe fasting hyperglycemia become hypoinsulinemic. On the basis of these changes in insulin resistance and insulin secretion, two formulations concerning the pathogenesis of insulin-independent diabetes seem possible. The first is based upon the premise that the basic defect in patients with insulin-independent diabetes is loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin. In an effort to maintain glucose homeostasis, increased amounts of insulin are secreted. However, as the need to augment insulin secretion continues, the beta cell may lose the ability to compensate, and frank hypoinsulinemia can supervene. Alternatively, patients with insulin-independent diabetes can be viewed as representing a metabolically heterogeneous group composed of individuals with various degrees of increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretory capacity. In this situation, the degree of glucose intolerance will vary as a function of the relative severity of the two metabolic defects. These relatively simple formulations are confounded by the fact that insulin deficiency can lead to insulin resistance, and vice versa, and that obesity will greatly affect insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Thus, the degree of glucose intolerance in any individual is the result of a complex series of relationships between both intrinsic and environmental factors controlling insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Our ability to understand the pathogenesis of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus will depend upon better understanding of these various relationships.
Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: Report of a 12-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus ☆ ☆☆

Urticarial vasculitis, a form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis involving the postcapillary venules, is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction and has been associated with connective tissue disease. The lesions resemble urticaria and typically persist for more than 24 hours. Urticarial vasculitis usually affects young women, and the diagnosis is confirmed at histologic examination. Patients with urticarial vasculitis can be divided into 2 types--those with normal complement levels and those with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV). Patients with normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis have a milder course than do patients with HUV, a condition that has a strong association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Angioedema, ocular inflammation, obstructive lung disease, and glomerulonephritis are commonly associated with HUV. We describe the case of a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus and HUV who also had pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, and elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies.
The Development and Validation of an Observation Instrument to Assess Competencies of School Principals

Through use of samples of 35 elementary schools and 10 secondary schools validity data were obtained for an observation instrument that was designed to assess seven types of competencies for public school principals. Principals' ability to provide product documentation for their activities in the administrative responsibility areas of Fiscal Management and Staff Personnel was found to be most predictive of teacher job satisfaction, of students' positive evaluation of the school climate, and of standardized achievement test performance. Results tended to be most valid for elementary school samples. Data supported the hypothesized mediation of principal influences on students through teachers.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy detection of dissolved sulfur species from inclusions in stainless steel

The dissolution of MnS inclusions in stainless steels (SS) 303 and 304 during initiation of pitting corrosion in an aqueous solution containing 10 mM KI and 0.1 M NaCl was investigated with use of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The dissolution products of MnS were detected amperometrically at a carbon fiber SECM tip using I - /I 3 - as the redox mediator. SECM images showed that the sulfur species are slowly generated above previously identified MnS inclusions. The SECM tip current was stable up to 100 min, depending on the potential applied to the SS 304. SECM was found to be useful in mapping local concentration distributions of sulfur and their evolution in time during dissolution.
Digital Microelectronic Equipment Problems and Potentials

Major problems encountered in the design of a micromodule digital computer (MICROPAC) for tactical operation within the Field Army are described and solutions presented. Such problems include module heat transfer, interconnection of modules and module assemblies and selection of module assembly size and configuration. The utilization of the circuitry booklet configuration for module mounting, interconnection and cooling is described. It is shown that reasonable air cooling will provide adequate heat transfer for several thousand modules dissipating an average of 120 milliwatts per module. The quantitative dependence of over-all circuitry packaging density upon connector pin per module requirements, type of booklet and harness wiring, booklet size and configuration, etc. is presented in analytical form. It is concluded that an over-all circuitry section (including connectors, backplane wiring, etc.) packaging density of 150,000 components per cubic foot is obtainable by the utilization of micromodules with an average packaging density of slightly less than 500,000 components per cubic foot. The extent to which the equipment designer and user will achieve their objectives by the application of micromodules to military digital equipment is discussed. It is indicated that more than 60,000 modules (each containing such logical elements as a flip-flop, two logic gates or equivalent) can be mounted, interconnected and adequately cooled within a volume occupied by a 6-foot rack. This dramatic reduction of volume (and weight) is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the equipment support or overhead cost per module.
Classification of Unexploded Ordnance Using Incomplete Multisensor Multiresolution Data

We address the problem of unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection in which data to be classified is available from multiple sensor modalities and multiple resolutions. Specifically, features are extracted from measured magnetometer and electromagnetic induction data; multiple-resolution data are manifested when the sensors are separated from the buried targets of interest by different distances (e.g., different sensor-platform heights). The proposed classification algorithm explicitly emphasizes features extracted from fine-resolution imagery over those extracted from less reliable coarse-resolution data. When fine-resolution features are unavailable (due to undeployed sensors), the algorithm analytically integrates out the missing features via an estimated conditional density function, which is conditioned on the observed features (from deployed sensors). This density function exploits the statistical relationships that exist among features at different resolutions, as well as those among features from different sensors (in the multisensor case). Experimental classification results are shown for real UXO data, on which the proposed algorithm consistently achieves better classification performance than common alternative approaches.
DECREASED PHOSPHORUS APPETITE OF PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS

IN previous self-selection experiments it was found that after parathyroidectomy rats manifested an increased appetite for calcium and that when they were allowed to regulate their calcium intake they not only survived but remained free from tetany. The parathyroidectomized rats thus indicated by their appetite that they needed more calcium (Richter and Eckert, 1936). This method has now been applied to the study of the phosphorus needs of parathyroidectomized rats. Do these rats indicate with their appetite that they need more or less phosphorus?
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Coming Out in an Alcoholic Family

This article invites readers inside emotional and relational dynamics of coming out as gay in an alcoholic family system. Taking an interpretive approach to research, focused on how participants make sense of and make meaning from their lived experience, “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” offers a longitudinal and narrative ethnographic account of family secrecy and disclosure.
A Statistical Forecast Model for Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity Based on the NCEP Dynamical Seasonal Forecast

Abstract A hybrid dynamical–statistical model is developed for predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity. The model is built upon the empirical relationship between the observed interannual variability of hurricanes and the variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and vertical wind shear in 26-yr (1981–2006) hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). The number of Atlantic hurricanes exhibits large year-to-year fluctuations and an upward trend over the 26 yr. The latter is characterized by an inactive period prior to 1995 and an active period afterward. The interannual variability of the Atlantic hurricanes significantly correlates with the CFS hindcasts for August–October (ASO) SSTs and vertical wind shear in the tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic where CFS also displays skillful forecasts for the two variables. In contrast, the hurricane trend shows less of a correlation to the CFS-predicted SSTs and vertical wind shear in...
Improving Resource Matching Through Estimation of Actual Job Requirements

Heterogeneous clusters and grid infrastructures are becoming increasingly popular. In these computing infrastructures, machines have different resources (e.g., memory sizes, disk space, and installed software packages). These differences give rise to a problem of over-provisioning, that is, sub-optimal utilization of a cluster due to users requesting resource capacities greater than what their jobs actually need. Our analysis of a real workload file (LANL CM 5) revealed differences of up to two orders of magnitude between requested memory capacity and actual memory usage. The problem of over-provisioning has received very little attention so far. We discuss different approaches for applying machine learning methods to estimate the actual resource capacities used by jobs. These approaches are independent of the scheduling policies and the dynamic resource-matching schemes used. Our simulations show that these methods can yield an improvement of over 50% in utilization (throughput) of heterogeneous clusters