cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing spinal osteomyelitis: a comparison of bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose The objective of this investigation was to compare the accuracies of bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing spinal osteomyelitis and to determine the optimal radionuclide approach to this disorder. Methods Twenty-two patients, with 24 sites of possible spinal osteomyelitis, who underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy with SPECT, Ga-67 scintigraphy with SPECT, and MRI with and without contrast were included in this retrospective review. Bone scans were interpreted as three-phase studies, delayed planar images alone, delayed planar plus SPECT, and SPECT alone (to identify uptake patterns). Sequential bone/ Ga-67 images were interpreted as planar and as SPECT studies. Planar and SPECT Ga-67 images were also interpreted alone. Precontrast MRI studies were used to identify osteomyelitis, whereas postcontrast images were used to identify soft tissue infection. Results Eleven sites of spinal osteomyelitis were identified. Tracer uptake in two contiguous vertebrae, as noted on SPECT, was the most accurate bone scan criterion for detecting spinal osteomyelitis (71 %). SPECT bone/Ga-67 was significantly more accurate (92%) than both planar bone/Ga-67 (75%) and bone SPECT (P = 0.15 and P = 0.2, respectively). SPECT Ga-67 was as accurate as SPECT bone/Ga-67 and as sensitive as MRI (91 %); the radionuclide study was slightly but not significantly more specific (92% vs. 77%) than MRI. Of 11 sites of extraosseous infection, 10 were identified on MRI, 9 on SPECT Ga-67, 7 on planar Ga-67, and none on bone scintigraphy. Conclusions Spinal osteomyelitis and accompanying soft tissue infection can be diagnosed accurately with a single radionuclide procedure: SPECT Ga-67. This procedure can be used as a reliable alternative when MRI cannot be performed and as an adjunct in patients in whom the diagnosis is uncertain.
Antibody inhibition of human cytomegalovirus spread in epithelial cell cultures

Anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies reduce the incidence of CMV transmission and ameliorate the severity of CMV-associated disease. Neutralizing activity, measured as the ability of antibodies to prevent entry of cell-free virus, is an important component of natural immunity. However, in vivo CMV amplification may occur mainly via spread between adjacent cells within tissues. Thus, inhibition of cell-to-cell spread may be important when evaluating therapeutic antibodies or humoral responses to infection or immunization. In vitro CMV cell-to-cell spread is largely resistant to antibodies in fibroblast cultures but sensitive in endothelial cell cultures. In the present study antibodies in CMV hyperimmuneglobulin or seropositive human sera inhibited CMV cell-to-cell spread in epithelial cell cultures. Spread inhibition activity was quantitated with a GFP reporter assay employing GFP-tagged epithelialtropic variants of CMV strains Towne or AD169. Measurement of spread inhibition provides an additional parameter for the evaluation of candidate vaccines or immunotherapeutics and to further characterize the role of antibodies in controlling CMV transmission and disease.
INPH and Parkinson disease: differentiation by levodopa response

Differentiating between Parkinson disease (PD) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) can be challenging for the practicing clinician. Patients with undiagnosed PD but with incidental ventriculomegaly run the risk of being subjected to unnecessary shunt surgery. Taking a family history of PD and establishing the presence of motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia) and nonmotor symptoms could help to differentiate between the two disorders. For patients with parkinsonian features, a dopamine challenge test to exclude the possibility of idiopathic PD might be beneficial. In this article, we highlight the difficulty of accurately differentiating INPH from PD as illustrated by three clinical cases of patients referred for shunt surgery.
Effects of acute exercise on insulin binding to monocytes in obesity.

The effect of 3 hr of cycle erogmeter exercise on 125I-insulin binding to monocytes was studied in 8 obese and 10 nonobese control subjects. In the basal state before exercise, total specific 125I-insulin binding to monocytes in obese subjects (4.8% ± 0.3%) was 25% lower than in control subjects (6.6% ± 0 0.4%, p < 0.01). During exercise, insulin binding increased in both groups (p < 0.05), but the rise in obese subjects was minimal (13% ± 1%) and was 60%–70% lower than in controls (36% ± 3%, p < 0.01). The data indicate that the increment in insulin binding to monocytes induced by acute exercise is diminished in obesity.
Factor Structure of the WPPSI in Mental Health Clinic Settings.

Factor analyzed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) scores of children (N = 181) seen at several outpatient mental health clinics. A two-factor solution that approximated Wechsler's grouping into Verbal and Performance sections was extracted. The Arithmetic subtest, however, loaded strongly onto both factors. The results suggest that the structure of intelligence for emotionally disturbed children is similar to that for normal children. The results also suggest that WPPSI profile analysis that uses subtest scores may be invalid in clinical settings because the specific variance of most subtests was low and because error variance exceeded specific subtest variance for half of the subtests. Further research is needed to clarify the utility of the WPPSI in outpatient clinical settings.
Content, Pedagogy, and Learning Outcomes in the International Marketing Course

Abstract The early internationalization of business school curricula was in response to corporate needs and expectations, and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International) fostered changes by instituting accreditation outcomes that focused upon international content in the curriculum. By the late 1990s, a course in international marketing was standard at most accredited college and universities, and faculty in these courses reported on various approaches to teaching the course. The main objective of the current study was to examine the course content, pedagogy, and learning outcomes of current international marketing courses. As such, a content analysis of international marketing syllabi from 89 colleges and universities was conducted. Findings from this indepth analysis offer insights regarding knowledge content coverage, pedagogical strategy, and learning outcomes assessment and provide an update on the current status of teaching international marketing in schools of bu...
Is cyproheptadine effective in the treatment of subjects with epidermolysis bullosa simplex-Dowling-Meara?

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex—Dowling-Meara (EBS-DM) is a severe form of EBS, with oral and nail involvement as well as severe skin blistering. Reports1,2of treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine—2 antagonists reducing the severity of blisters in subjects with EBS-DM prompted us to study cyproheptadine hydrochloride therapy in 13 individuals with a diagnosis of EBS-DM confirmed by electron microscopic examination. Participants served as their own controls. There was a 2-week observational period, an initial 6-week period during which cyproheptadine was taken daily, a 4-week period with no treatment, and a second 6-week regimen of daily administration of cyproheptadine. Standard dosages of cyproheptadine were used.3The study was designed in this manner in an attempt to compensate for temporal variation in blister formation as well as variations in season, weather, and activity levels of the participants. Subjects were asked to record the number of blisters lanced each day rather than the
Applications of dark central ground interferometry

The application of dark central ground interferometry in a supersonic wind tunnel is presented. Examples of this method as a quantitative flow visualization technique for several types of supersonic flowfields are presented. Theoretical work is presented regarding the effects of vibrations and filter size. The method is shown to be an inexpensive, easy to use tool for situations requiring interferograms for flow visualization.
Mechanical and Accelerated Testing of Flip Chip Interconnect Systems

Flip chip interconnect systems are becoming increasingly popular in the electronics industry due to their low profile and high densities. During temperature cycles, the differential expansions between various assembly members of a flip chip interconnect system produce mechanical stresses that are the driving force for failures. Such failures can be a significant reliability concern. Accelerated test methodologies for flip chip interconnect systems assess the reliability of existing interconnects and identify potential reliability concerns in future interconnect designs. Traditionally, such methodologies have relied on test methods such as temperature cycling to determine the mechanical integrity of the flip chip interconnect. However, application of such methods to new interconnect materials, geometry and processes requires characterization of basic mechanical behavior of the interconnect system. In this work, the feasibility of using a micromechanical test methodology for flip chip applications is examined. 90PbSn solders is used as an example. The data obtained from such flip chip solder interconnects is validated using a damage integral methodology. The measured data is shown to adequately describe published thermal stress profiles and thermal fatigue life data measured using solder joints of the same composition. Finally, some considerations in the application of micromechanical measurements to determination of acceleration factors and development of accelerated test methods are discussed.
Pockets of Expertise: Institutional Capacity in Twentieth-Century State Legislatures

We examine the development of legislative capacity in U.S. state legislatures in the twentieth century. This capacity can be derived from the legislators themselves, or from institutions and practices. We consider both sources as we provide an account of the ragged and piecemeal development of legislative capacity in the states. We argue that most state legislatures have been neither entirely professional nor amateur, but rather have existed somewhere in between, in a place where pockets of expertise fill in for professional capacity.
Molecular crowding shapes gene expression in synthetic cellular nanosystems

The integration of synthetic and cell-free biology has made tremendous strides towards creating artificial cellular nanosystems using concepts from solution-based chemistry, where only the concentrations of reacting species modulate gene expression rates. However, it is known that macromolecular crowding, a key feature in natural cells, can dramatically influence biochemical kinetics via volume exclusion effects, which reduce diffusion rates and enhance binding rates of macromolecules. Here, we demonstrate that macromolecular crowding can increase the robustness of gene expression by integrating synthetic cellular components of biological circuits and artificial cellular nanosystems. Furthermore, we reveal how ubiquitous cellular modules, including genetic components, a negative feedback loop and the size of the crowding molecules can fine-tune gene circuit response to molecular crowding. By bridging a key gap between artificial and living cells, our work has implications for efficient and robust control of both synthetic and natural cellular circuits.
Non-invasive take-off/touch-down velocity measurements

A new method for take-off/touch-down velocity measurement is presented. The method makes use of frequency jitter in the readback signal, is non-invasive, can detect a slider sway down to 0.08 nm, and is also useful for glide testing. >
Opportunities for Recognition Can Improve Learning and Performance

Physical educators need to make an effort to catch students being good and recognize them for their positive accomplishments. Unfortunately, it is usually the students who act inappropriately who receive the majority of the teachers' attention. In order to help increase learning and improve performance and behavior, the physical educator must pay attention to all students and provide frequent, positive social reinforcement and constructive feedback. This article describes techniques that can be used to increase the number of opportunities for recognition and student-teacher interactions.
Microscopic dielectric function of a model semiconductor

Abstract : Penn's model of an isotropic semiconductor is used to calculate epsilon (q), the diagonal part of the static microscopic dielectric function. Penn's results have been extended beyond q = K sub F. This region is important in developing a quantum theory of lattice vibrations of diamond and zinc-blende crystals. Explicit results are given for the range 0 < q < 4K sub F. (Author)
Multiple error detection and identification via signature analysis

Signature analysis has been used widely for fault detection as a part of Built-In Self Test (BIST). In this paper we show how signature analysis can be used not only for fault detection but also for identification of multiple errors produced by faults in the circuits under test. We construct Signature Analysis Registers (SARs) to detect and identify any specified number of errors in the input polynomials by choosing proper characteristic polynomials. To detect and identifyr errors in an input bit stream ofm bits, we use a polynomialg r (x)=1cm (f 1 (x), f 3 (x), ..., f 2r−1 (x)) as the characteristic polynomial for the SAR for any polynomialf 1 (x), where lcm represents the least common multiple of polynomials al $$fi(x) = Res_t (f_1 (t),x - t^i ), i = 3,...,2r - 1,$$ Res t denotes thet-Resultant, andm is less than the order off 1 (x). Given a faulty signature produced by an SAR constructed as described, we present an algorithm for the identification of the actual error bits in the input polynomial to the SAR. We also extend the use of BCH codes for error detection and correction to include nonprimitive polynomials.
An Adaptive Neural Network Scheme for Radar Rainfall Estimation from WSR-88D Observations

Recent research has shown that neural network techniques can be used successfully for ground rainfall estimation from radar measurements. The neural network is a nonparametric method for representing the relationship between radar measurements and rainfall rate. The relationship is derived directly from a dataset consisting of radar measurements and rain gauge measurements. The effectiveness of the rainfall estimation by using neural networks can be influenced by many factors such as the representativeness and sufficiency of the training dataset, the generalization capability of the network to new data, season change, location change, and so on. In this paper, a novel scheme of adaptively updating the structure and parameters of the neural network for rainfall estimation is presented. This adaptive neural network scheme enables the network to account for any variability in the relationship between radar measurements and precipitation estimation and also to incorporate new information to the network without retraining the complete network from the beginning. This precipitation estimation scheme is a good compromise between the competing demands of accuracy and generalization. Data collected by a Weather Surveillance Radar—1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and a rain gauge network were used to evaluate the performance of the adaptive network for rainfall estimation. It is shown that the adaptive network can estimate rainfall fairly accurately. The implementation of the adaptive network is very efficient and convenient for real-time rainfall estimation to be used with WSR-88D.
Unconditionally stable multidomain pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method

The pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method has shown a marked improvement in accuracy and efficiency over the FDTD method. Nevertheless, it likewise suffers from the CFL stability condition. In this work, based on the concepts of ADI- and SS-FDTD methods, as well as our previously developed 3D PSTD method (G. Zhao et al, IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett.), we derive the unconditionally stable multidomain PSTD algorithm. We demonstrate that the implicit finite difference scheme can be applied to the PSTD method and make it free of the CFL stability condition.
Non-Gaussian invariant measures for the majda model of decaying turbulent transport

The problem of turbulent transport of a scalar field by a random velocity field is considered. The scalar field amplitude exhibits rare but very large fluctuations whose typical signature is fatter than Gaussian tails for the probability distribution of the scalar. The existence of such large fluctuations is related to clustering phenomena of the Lagrangian paths within the flow. This suggests an approach to turn the large-deviation problem for the scalar field into a small-deviation, or small-ball, problem for some appropriately defined process measuring the spreading with time of the Lagrangian paths. Here such a methodology is applied to a model proposed by Majda consisting of a white-in-time linear shear flow and some generalizations of it where the velocity field has finite, or even infinite, correlation time. The non-Gaussian invariant measure for the (reduced) scalar field is derived, and, in particular, it is shown that the one-point distribution of the scalar has stretched exponential tails, with a stretching exponent depending on the parameters in the model. Different universality classes for the scalar behavior are identified which, all other parameters being kept fixed, display a one-to-one correspondence with an exponent measuring time persistence effects in the velocity field. c 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transpiration sensitivity of urban trees in a semi-arid climate is constrained by xylem vulnerability to cavitation

across a wide range of species and environmental conditions. We studied stomatal responses to D in irrigated trees in the urban landscape of Los Angeles, California. We found a strong linear relationship between the sensitivity of tree-level transpiration estimated from sap flux ( m T ; slope of the relationship between tree transpiration and ln D) and transpiration at D = 1 kPa (E Tref ) that was similar to previous surveys of stomatal behavior in natural environments. In addition, m T was signifi cantly related to vulnerability to cavitation of branches (P 50 ). While m T did not appear to differ between ring- and diffuseporous species, the relationship between m T and P 50 was distinct by wood anatomy. Therefore, our study confirms systematic differences in water relations in ring- versus diffuse-porous species, but these differences appear to be more strongly related to the relationship between stomatal sensitivity to D and vulnerability to cavitation rather than to stomatal sensitivity per se.
A Segmental Gene Duplication Generated Differentially Expressed myb-Homologous Genes in Maize

The myb-homologous p1 gene regulates the synthesis of flavonoid pigments in maize kernel pericarp and cob; these floral organs are greatly modified in size and shape compared with their counterparts in teosinte, the progenitor of maize. To elucidate the molecular evolution of the p1 gene in relation to its expression and possible functions in maize and teosinte, we have isolated a second maize gene (p2) that is highly homologous with the p1 gene, and a related gene (p2-t) from Zea mays subsp parviglumis. We present evidence that the maize p1 and p2 genes were generated by duplication of an ancestral p gene (ppre) and its downstream sequences; the duplicated 3′ flanking sequences were inserted upstream of the ppre gene, thereby changing its transcription pattern. This model accounts for the structural organization and the observed differential expression of the p1 and p2 genes: p1 transcripts accumulate in kernel pericarp, cob, tassel glumes, and silk, whereas p2 transcripts are found in developing anther and silk. The duplication is estimated to have occurred 2.75 million years ago; subsequently, multiple retroelements have been inserted between the p1 and p2 genes. Our results demonstrate the evolution of a single gene into a compound locus containing two component genes with different tissue specificities. Expression of the p1 gene in the kernel pericarp may have provided a selective advantage during the evolution of maize kernel morphology.
Further experimental study of the unloading phenomenon in constant velocity impact

Abstract A further experimental study is presented of the unloading phenomenon for the constant velocity axial impact of identical annealed aluminium cylindrical rods. Measurements are made of stress-time behaviour at the impact face, displacement-time behaviour at several distances from the impact face as well as at the free end, and strain-time measurements in the vicinity of the free end. A linear equivalent approximation based upon the secant modulus is introduced, from which these experimental data may be predicted. The author's earlier determination of times of contact and coefficients of restitution from the characteristic of half the maximum stress is shown to be consistent with this linear approximation.
Molecular Evidence for Differences in Endometrium in Severe Versus Mild Endometriosis

Women with stage III/IV versus stage I/II endometriosis have lower implantation and pregnancy rates in natural and assisted reproduction cycles. To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations, herein we investigated the transcriptome of eutopic endometrium across the menstrual cycle in the setting of severe versus mild endometriosis. Proliferative (PE), early secretory (ESE), and mid-secretory (MSE) endometrial tissues were obtained from 63 participants with endometriosis (19 mild and 44 severe). Purified RNA was subjected to microarray analysis using the Gene 1.0 ST Affymetrix platform. Data were analyzed with GeneSpring and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and subsequently validated. Comparison of differentially regulated genes, analyzed by cycle phase, revealed dysregulation of progesterone and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated genes and genes related to thyroid hormone action and metabolism. Also, members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway were observed, with the greatest upregulation of EGFR in severe versus mild disease during the early secretory phase. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan versican (VCAN), which regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, was the most highly expressed gene in severe versus mild disease. Upregulation of microRNA 21 (MIR21) and DICER1 transcripts suggests roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of severe versus mild endometriosis, potentially through regulation of gene silencing and epigenetic mechanisms. These observed differences in transcriptomic signatures and signaling pathways may result in poorly programmed endometrium during the cycle, contributing to lower implantation and pregnancy rates in women with severe versus mild endometriosis.
Novel anticonvulsant medications in development.

Epilepsy is currently the most prevalent neurological disorder worldwide. Pharmacological therapy remains the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, however, refractory epilepsy is still a significant clinical problem despite the release of the second generation of anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsant treatment failures may result from lack of efficacy and presence of significant side effects. One rationale for incomplete effectiveness of the currently available anticonvulsants is that they were identified using the same classical models and therefore work largely by the same actions. These mechanisms fail to consider variations in the pathophysiological process that results in epilepsy, nor have they been shown to prevent the process of developing epilepsy (epileptogenesis). The next generation of anticonvulsants has taken into account the shortcomings of existing agents and attempted to improve on the currently available treatments using rationale drug design. This group of investigational anticonvulsants may be...
Holographic generalized first-arriving light approach for resolving images viewed through a scattering medium

We present a generalized holography-based approach with improved spatial resolution for extracting images, viewed through a scattering medium. The various angular directions are encoded either with different wavelengths or by capturing their corresponding images in different time slots. The various encoded images are recorded on a digital hologram with a computer. A digital reconstruction, which includes demodulation of the carrier beam and then a proper decoding algorithm, yields resolved images. The principle is demonstrated by recording image-plane digital holograms. Combining the suggested approach with the first-arriving light technique may further improve the results.
Investigation of High-Frequency Internal Wave Interactions with an Enveloped Inertia Wave

Using ray theory, we explore the effect an envelope function has on high-frequency, small-scale internal wave propagation through a low-frequency, large-scale inertia wave. Two principal interactions, internal waves propagating through an infinite inertia wavetrain and through an enveloped inertia wave, are investigated. For the first interaction, the total frequency of the high-frequency wave is conserved but is not for the latter. This deviance is measured and results of waves propagating in the same direction show the interaction with an inertia wave envelope results in a higher probability of reaching that Jones' critical level and a reduced probability of turning points, which is a better approximation of outcomes experienced by expected real atmospheric interactions. In addition, an increase in wave action density and wave steepness is observed, relative to an interaction with an infinite wavetrain, possibly leading to enhanced wave breaking.
Safety verification of reactive controllers for UAV flight in cluttered environments using barrier certificates

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a so-far untapped potential to operate at high speeds through cluttered environments. Many of these systems are limited by their adhoc reactive controllers using simple visual cues like optical flow. Here we consider the problem of formally verifying an output-feedback controller for an aircraft operating in an unknown environment. Using recent advances in sums-of-squares programming that allow for efficient computation of barrier functions, we search for global certificates of safety for the closed-loop system in a given environment. In contrast to previous work, we use rational functions to globally approximate non-smooth dynamics and use multiple barrier functions to guard against more than one obstacle. We expect that these formal verification techniques will allow for the comparison, and ultimately optimization, of reactive controllers for robustness to varying initial conditions and environments.
Immunologic conservation of the fiber cell beaded filament

Lenses were obtained from the eyes of four different classes of Chordates, including Mammalia (rat, mouse, cow, human), Aves (chicken), Amphibia (tiger salamander), and Osteichthyes (steelhead), as well as from one Mollusca (squid). Buffer soluble, urea soluble and urea insoluble fractions were prepared from each, and probed by western blot analysis for the presence of the lens fiber cell 115 and 49 kD beaded filament proteins. Application of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies revealed that an immunologic homologue to the bovine fiber cell 115 kD protein is present in all examples of Chordates tested, and that this homologue possessed properties very similar to those of its bovine counterpart. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed an immunologically cross-reactive homologue in squid as well, but suggested that the squid protein had a native molecular weight of closer to 70–80 kD.A monoclonal antibody to the bovine 49 kD beaded filament protein was successful at identifying an immunolog...
The-internal-corporate-cyber-culture

By using protocols like TCP/IP, FTP and Telnet, and then taking all that work a step further to create Web browsers and GUIs or "graphical user interfaces" which run on any platform and yet are simple to use, we actually created a dream come true. A World Wide-Web revolution! Now that the Internet has caught on and Web browsers have made viewing data and data transfers appear seamless to the user, the Motorola Intellectual Property department is taking advantage of this technology.
Effects of the disconnected flavor singlet corrections on the hyperfine splitting in charmonium

Experimentally the charmonium hyperfine splitting is MJ ψ Mηc 117 MeV and current lattice results are generally below this value. The difference coul d be due to the effects of the disconnected flavor singlet diagrams which have not been includ ed in these calculations. Previous attempts to determine the disconnected flavor singlet corre ctions have led just to rough estimates in the range of 20 MeV. We present preliminary results for these corrections calculated on fine (a 0 09 fm) Asqtad 2+1 flavor lattices provided by the MILC Collabo ration.
Digital Optical Matrix Multiplication Based On A Systolic Outer-Product Method

A hybrid optical architecture for digital matrix-matrix multiplication is discussed. The proposed system requires less hardware than outer-product optical matrix multipliers and offers a higher processing speed than systolic array matrix multipliers. The throughput and hardware requirements of the proposed architecture are discussed with reference to the availability of various electro-optic devices. The performance of the proposed system is compared to existing systolic array optical matrix multipliers and to outer-product-based optical matrix processors. The accuracy and error rate of the proposed architecture are evaluated.
Tuple Spaces in Hardware for Accelerated Implicit Routing

Organizing and optimizing data objects on networks with support for data migration and failing nodes is a complicated problem to handle as systems expand to hundreds of thousands of nodes. The goal of this work is to demonstrate that high levels of speedup can be achieved by moving responsibility for finding, fetching, and staging data into an FPGA-based network interface. We present a system for implicit routing of data via FPGA-based network cards. In this system, data structures are requested by name, and the network cooperatively finds the data and returns the information to the requester. This is achieved through successive examination of hardware hash tables implemented in the individual FPGA network cards. By avoiding the complex network software stacks between nodes, the data is quickly transferred entirely through FPGA-FPGA interaction. The performance of this system is approximately 26x faster vs. the software network on a per-node basis. This is due to the improved speed of the hash tables, higher levels of network abstraction and lowered latency between the network nodes.
Dapsone induced hemolysis in a patient with ANCA associated glomerulonephritis and normal G6PD level and implications for clinical practice: case report and review of the literature

Dapsone is a commonly used second line drug for prophylaxis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in immunocompromised patients. Oxidant hemolysis, caused by dapsone’s metabolite hydroxylamine, is a common side effect, and screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is recommended before the drug is started in order to prevent potential hemolytic reactions. We report a case of dapsone induced hemolytic anemia in a patient with ANCA associated glomerulonephritis and normal G6PD level. Her anemia improved after cessation of therapy with dapsone. We review the literature of dapsone induced hemolysis in patients who have normal G6PD level and discuss potential pathways leading to hemolytic anemia and its implications for clinical practice.
Testicular Hamartomas in a Patient With Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba Syndrome

Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) is a rare autosomal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome. Facets of this syndrome were originally described separately by Riley and Smith (1960), Bannayan and Zonana (1971), and Ruvalcaba, Myher, and Smith (1980). 1 In 1990, Cohen recommended that these be combined into a single syndrome characterized by childhood macrocephaly, penile macules, and polyposis of the colon, which he termed BRRS. 2 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome results from a germ line mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23; a similar mutation affects patients with Cowden syndrome and Proteus-like syndrome.3 This results in the formation of multiple hamartomas. Although neoplasms and testicular hamartomas have been reported with Cowden syndrome, 4,5 to the best of our knowledge these have not been reported with BRRS. Here we report a patient with a history of a testicular seminoma and testicular hamartomas with BRRS.
PAF- and bradykinin-induced hyperpermeability of rat venules is independent of actin-myosin contraction.

We tested the hypothesis that acutely induced hyperpermeability is dependent on actin-myosin contractility by using individually perfused mesentery venules of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Venul...
Computest: a computer language for individual testing, instruction, and interviewing.

The structure and operation of a computer language is presented, an arrangement which allows machine simulation of individual testing, instruction, and interviewing. Sequences of test questions may be written in natural language and a variety of cues may be used for the recognition of a right answer from typewriter input. Variable comments may be stored which are typed for either a right or a wrong answer. Choice of the next question to be asked may be determined by the evaluation of an answer, and scoring is optional for each question. Presented examples demonstrate operation on the IBM 1620.
In vivo fixation of antibodies in the adrenal.

SummaryThe site of fixation in the adrenal gland of rat kidney antibody administered in vivo has been demonstrated by the immunohistochemical technic to be along the vessels and sinusoids of the cortex. There is no fixation in the medulla although the medulla does contain antigen capable of reacting with the antibody in vitro. The possible derangement of adrenal function may be due to effect of the anti-kidney antibodies.
Reut Yael Paz. A Gateway between a Distant God and a Cruel World: The Contribution of Jewish German-Speaking Scholars to International Law

This rich and erudite work provides a valuable scholarly apparatus for understanding the writing and teaching of four important figures in international law and international relations. Three of them, Hans Kelsen, Hans Morgenthau and Hersch Lauterpacht, are well known; the fourth, Erich Kaufmann, much less so. The general thesis of the book is that to understand fully the personal and intellectual trajectories of all of these figures, one needs to appreciate the specific German-Jewish experience, from emancipation through the Shoah, the particular situation of the Jews in the legal profession and the academy in Germany, and the responses of these thinkers to experiences of persecution, discrimination and exile due to their Jewish family backgrounds as well as to the establishment of the State of Israel. In addition, Reut Paz makes more specific claims that one can see in the ideas and writings of these thinkers on certain specifically Jewish "motifs" or themes or what she calls the "Jewish psyche". In my view, Paz fully succeeds in vindicating the general thesis. Although I am long familiar with the work of Kelsen, Morgenthau and Lauterpacht, there was much in her book that stimulated new reflections on their sensibilities, intellectual and professional choices and normative stances. Alternatively, I have a considerable discomfort with Paz's attempts to explain aspects of these thinkers in terms of a "Jewish psyche" or, possibly, a German-Jewish one. Paz is not primarily a scholar of the sociology of religion or an ethnographer. Much less does she rely on traditional religious sources for her concept of Jewish "identity" or "psyche".
Effect of Alkaline Stress on SOD,POD Activity and MDA Content in Rice Seedling Stage

With the mass ratio of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 was 1∶3,the alkaline stress on rice was studied.The results showed that the activity of SOD of 4 materials under concentration of 0.25% were higher than under the 0.20% treatment,the highest activity was Longjing 29,and the lowest was Longyu 05-158;With the increasing of the concentration of alkali treatment,POD activity showed a gradual upward trend,the highest POD activity was Changbai No.9,followed by Longjing 29,the relative activity of Longyu 05-158 was lower;after alkaline stress,MDA content were increased with increasing of the treatment concentration,a positive linear correlation between the two,Changbai No.9 with relatively lower MDA,higher ability salt-stress.
Benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis(Report of 32 cases)

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,laboratory examinations and treatment of benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis(BICE).Methods 32 cases of BICE were collected and its incidence,clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were analyzed.Results The convulsions of 27 cases showed generalized tonic-clonic seizures(GTCS),5 cases showed partial convulsions with secondarily generalized convulsions,the serum electroly,blood sugar,CSF,biochemistry test and CT results were at normal levels.21 of 32 children's interictal Twenty-four-hour EEG was minimal abnormal.Conclusion BICE onset seizures the most common in the 3d;rotavirus is the single most important etiological agent;all EEG seizures all originated from the local,then are generalized to the whole lead.The convulsions may be seizured form partial onset seizures and then to comprehensive attack.Most children have a good prognosis.
How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults

BACKGROUND: The present study's aim was to provide the foundation for an efficient, empirically based protocol for depression screening following a natural disaster. Utilizing a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analytic approach, the study tested a) what specific disaster-related stressors (i.e., property damage, loss of basic services) and individual-related constructs (i.e., PTSD symptoms, trauma history, social support) conveyed the greatest risk for post-natural disaster depression, b) specific cutoff scores across these measures, and c) whether the significance or cutoff scores for each construct varied between adolescents and adults. METHODS: Structured phone-based clinical interviews were conducted with 2000 adolescents who lived through a tornado and 1543 adults who survived a hurricane. RESULTS: Findings suggested that in both adolescents and adults, individual-related constructs forecasted greater risk for depressive symptoms following a natural disaster compared to disaster-related stressors. Furthermore, trauma history and PTSD symptoms were particularly strong indicators for adolescent depressive symptoms compared to adult depressive symptoms. Adolescents and adults who reported vulnerable scores for social support, trauma history, and lifetime PTSD symptoms were approximately twice as likely to present as depressed following the natural disaster. LIMITATIONS: Findings from the present study were limited to post-disaster assessments and based on self-reported functioning 6-12 months following the natural disaster. CONCLUSIONS: The present study synthesizes the extensive body of research on post-disaster functioning by providing a clear framework for which questions may be most important to ask when screening for depression following a natural disaster.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Language: en
Renal phosphate transport in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Fisher rats bearing the H-500 Leydig cell tumor (LCT) develop humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), which is accompanied by hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia. To better define the mechanisms underlying the changes in phosphate metabolism, the activity of sodium-dependent phosphate uptake (Na+-Pi) in microvillus membrane vesicles (MMV) isolated from the renal cortex of LCT-bearing rats was studied. Ten days after tumor transplantation the animals became hypercalcemic, hypophosphatemic, and hyperphosphaturic, and LCT-MMV showed a specific decrease in Na+-Pi. A kinetic analysis revealed evidence for both a high- and a low-affinity system of Na+-Pi. The Vmax of both the low-affinity system and the high-affinity system were significantly reduced in LCT-MMV. These changes in Na+-Pi transport were similar to those induced by parathyroid hormone. In day-10 tumor-bearing animals, daily injections of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (2.5 mg.kg-1.day-1) prevented the onset of hypercalcemia but not the reduction in Na+-Pi in LCT-MMV. Our data suggest that in this animal model of HHM there is a specific and persistent impairment of Na+-Pi uptake at the level of the renal cortical brush-border membrane, which contributes to the derangement in phosphate metabolism.
Immigration Policy and the Rhetoric of Reform: “Deport Felons, Not Families,” Moncrieffe v. Holder, Children at the Border, and Idle Promises

This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between the criminal justice system and immigration law. The recent Supreme Court decision of Moncrieffe v. Holder illustrates the possible consequences of a state conviction for possession of a small amount of marijuana with intent to distribute on the removal of a non-citizen, who had legally resided in the United States for over twenty years. While the possibility of minor crimes can result in non-reviewable deportation orders, children at the borders have also faced an uncertain future. Part II will discuss the reasons behind the influx of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) and the legal issues involved in their presence and pending deportation proceedings. Part III will discuss the facts, issues, and lower court decisions in the Moncrieffe case. Part IV will review the various approaches courts have applied in determining whether a state law criminal conviction results in removal without relief and how the Moncrieffe decision affects previous precedent. Part V will discuss issues and developments in deportation policies under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) and the Obama Administration. Given President Obama's newly announced plan affecting deportation policy, this paper will conclude with a consideration of whether illegal immigrants' plight is improved at all with the latest Supreme Court decision and Executive Order.
TU-D-BRB-02: Dual-Energy CT: Applications in Oncologic Imaging

Dual-energy CT technology is becoming increasingly available to the medical imaging community. In addition, several models of CT simulators sold for use in radiation therapy departments now feature dual-energy technology. The images provided by dual-energy CT scanners add new information to the radiation treatment planning process; multiple spectral components can be used to separate and identify material composition as well as generate virtual monoenergetic images. In turn, this information could be used to investigate pathologic processes, separate the properties of contrast agents from soft tissues, assess tissue response to therapy, and other applications of therapeutic interest. Additionally, the decomposition of materials in images could directly integrate with and impact the accuracy of dose calculation algorithms. This symposium will explore methods of generating dual-energy CT images, spectral and image analysis algorithms, current and future applications of interest in oncologic imaging, and unique considerations when using dualenergy CT images in the radiation treatment planning process. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand acquisition techniques and processing algorithms used in dual-energy CT imaging. 2.Discover current and future applications of dual-energy CT images in the radiological oncology setting. 3.Introduce some of the unique considerations and QA requirements when integrating a dual-energy CT scanner into the radiation therapy environment. N. Pelc: GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, Sony; U. Schoepf: Consultant for and / or research support from Astellas, Bayer,;Bracco, GE, Guerbet, Medrad, Siemens
Role of teachers in influencing the development of adolescents’ possible selves

During late childhood and early adolescence, there is a dramatic increase in cognitive skills which influences how young people begin to think about their futures. The construct of possible selves has been used to help understanding of adolescents’ views of their future plans and goals by exploring their social perceptions to gain insight about how they think about the world and themselves. This study examined the role of perceived teacher support in adolescents’ development of possible selves. Results suggest that the four groups (White males, Latinos, White females and Latinas) in this study think in different ways about their future possible selves of graduating from a 4-year university. This study provides important theoretical as well as practical implications.
Fertility after natural disaster: Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua

This investigation evaluates the effect of Hurricane Mitch on women's reproductive outcomes throughout Nicaragua. This research aim is achieved by analyzing a unique Nicaraguan Living Standards Measurement Study panel dataset that tracks women's fertility immediately before and at two time points after Hurricane Mitch, combined with satellite-derived municipality-level precipitation data for the 10-day storm period. Results show higher odds of post-disaster fertility in municipalities receiving higher precipitation levels in the immediate post-Hurricane Mitch period. However, fertility normalizes between disaster and non-disaster areas four to six years after the storm. These findings suggest that the disruptive effects of a natural disaster such as Hurricane Mitch can have an initial stimulative effect on fertility but the effect is ephemeral.
Integrated preservation and sample clean up procedures for studying water ingestion by recreational swimmers via urinary biomarker determination.

Abstract The use of cyanuric acid as a biomarker for ingestion of swimming pool water may lead to quantitative knowledge of the volume of water ingested during swimming, contributing to a better understanding of disease resulting from ingestion of environmental contaminants. When swimming pool water containing chlorinated cyanurates is inadvertently ingested, cyanuric acid is excreted quantitatively within 24 h as a urinary biomarker of ingestion. Because the volume of water ingested can be quantitatively estimated by calculation from the concentration of cyanuric acid in 24 h urine samples, a procedure for preservation, cleanup, and analysis of cyanuric acid was developed to meet the logistical demands of large scale studies. From a practical stand point, urine collected from swimmers cannot be analyzed immediately, given requirements of sample collection, shipping, handling, etc. Thus, to maintain quality control to allow confidence in the results, it is necessary to preserve the samples in a manner that ensures as quantitative analysis as possible. The preservation and clean-up of cyanuric acid in urine is complicated because typical approaches often are incompatible with the keto-enol tautomerization of cyanuric acid, interfering with cyanuric acid sample preparation, chromatography, and detection. Therefore, this paper presents a novel integration of sample preservation, clean-up, chromatography, and detection to determine cyanuric acid in 24 h urine samples. Fortification of urine with cyanuric acid (0.3–3.0 mg/L) demonstrated accuracy (86–93% recovery) and high reproducibility (RSD