cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warranty planning and development framework: a case study of a high‐tech multinational firm

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address what a sound warranty policy entails by identifying the key variables involved in the development of a warranty program.Design/methodology/approach – The sample population was composed of employees in the US division involved with high‐tech product warranties. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants.Findings – The paper finds that the formality of the warranty policy should depend on its complexity. Differences exist between types of warranty based on the product knowledge of the buyer. Although a standardized warranty is easy to administer, as the product line diversifies, it becomes more challenging to standardize.Research limitations/implications – This study can be expanded by examining how companies balance the cost/quality/warranty ability of the product, the techniques used to allocate warranty costs, and to evaluate multiple companies/industries, perhaps with a longitudinal focus.Practical implications – The formality ...
Is Comorbidity With ADHD a Marker for Juvenile-Onset Mania?

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the characteristics and correlates of mania in referred adolescents and to determine whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a marker of very early onset mania. Method From 637 consecutive admissions, 68 children (≤ 12 years) and 42 adolescents (> 13 years) who satisfied criteria for mania were recruited. These were compared with the 527 nonmanic referrals and 100 normal controls. Results With the exception of comorbidity with ADHD, there were more similarities than differences between the children and adolescents with mania in course and correlates. There was an inverse relationship between the rates of comorbid ADHD and age of onset of mania: higher in manic children, intermediate in adolescents with childhood-onset mania, and lower in adolescents with adolescent-onset mania. Conclusions ADHD is more common in childhood-onset compared with adolescent-onset cases of bipolar disorder, suggesting that in some cases, ADHD may signal a very early onset of bipolar disorder. Clinical similarities between the child- and adolescent-onset cases provide evidence for the clinical validity of childhood-onset mania.
PiN: Computation of pion-nucleon scattering and bound states with the color dielectric quark model

Abstract Described is a 9421 line Fortran program PiN that solves momentum-space integral Lippmann-Schwinger equations for the scattering observables and the bound/resonant state properties of the coupled (πN, πΔ) system. The elementary interactions arise from the chiral color-dielectric quark and the cloudy bag models, which are computed by the code. The bound state wave functions of the quarks are computed by a separate code.
Issues of Developmental Measurement in Clinical Research and Practice Settings with Children Who Were Prenatally Exposed to Drugs

Health care providers in clinical and research settings assess the developmental status of increasing numbers of infants and children who were prenatally exposed to drugs. Although assessment of these infants is similar to that of other at-risk infants, limitations and other issues of assessment may be overlooked given societal concerns about drug exposure. In order to meet the evaluation nneeds of children who were prenatally exposed to drugs, providers must know the limitations associated with the process and instrumentation of assessment, and address the shortcomings of evaluation itself. We review the issues and provide recommendations for change related to measurement; sources of bias; specificity and sensitivity of assessment tools; longitudinal assessment; and multidimensional approaches to assessment.
On 'The optimal linear receiving filter for digital transmission over nonlinear channels'

A recent paper by E. Biglieri et al. (see ibid., vol.35, p.620-5, May 1989) shows that the matched-filter/tapped-delay-line structure is optimum not only for linear pulse-modulated signals and linear channel distortion, but also for nonlinear finite-alphabet pulse-modulation and some nonlinear channel distortion. This has important practical applications. Therefore, its connection with other work reported in the literature is presented. >
Time-dependent density functional theory for open quantum systems with unitary propagation.

We extend the Runge-Gross theorem for a very general class of open quantum systems under weak assumptions about the nature of the bath and its coupling to the system. We show that for Kohn-Sham (KS) time-dependent density functional theory, it is possible to rigorously include the effects of the environment within a bath functional in the KS potential. A Markovian bath functional inspired by the theory of nonlinear Schrodinger equations is suggested, which can be readily implemented in currently existing real-time codes. Finally, calculations on a helium model system are presented.
Status of Career Development and Personality

This study examined Myers-Briggs Type Indicator scores of men and women college students in a course on career development across selected variables related to career status. The variables were decidedness on college major, expressed interests and perceived competencies. The Indicator and an information form on career status were administered. Scores were converted to continuous scores on each of the four scales, Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and Judgment-Perception. Also, regular scoring procedures classified subjects into personality type and combination type categories. Career status and personality relationships were then examined using analysis of variance and chi squared. Several significant relationships were found and their use for personality and self-concept exploration in career development was supported.
Ribose-5-Phosphate Biosynthesis in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Occurs in the Absence of a Pentose-Phosphate Pathway

Recent work has raised a question as to the involvement of erythrose-4-phosphate, a product of the pentose phosphate pathway, in the metabolism of the methanogenic archaea (R. H. White, Biochemistry 43:7618-7627, 2004). To address the possible absence of erythrose-4-phosphate in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, we have assayed cell extracts of this methanogen for the presence of this and other intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway and have determined and compared the labeling patterns of sugar phosphates derived metabolically from [6,6-2H2]- and [U-13C]-labeled glucose-6-phosphate incubated with cell extracts. The results of this work have established the absence of pentose phosphate pathway intermediates erythrose-4-phosphate, xylose-5-phosphate, and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in these cells and the presence of d-arabino-3-hexulose-6-phosphate, an intermediate in the ribulose monophosphate pathway. The labeling of the d-ara-bino-3-hexulose-6-phosphate, as well as the other sugar-Ps, indicates that this hexose-6-phosphate was the precursor to ribulose-5-phosphate that in turn was converted into ribose-5-phosphate by ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. Additional work has demonstrated that ribulose-5-phosphate is derived by the loss of formaldehyde from d-arabino-3-hexulose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the protein product of the MJ1447 gene.
United states emergency department visits coded for intimate partner violence

Abstract Background Limited information exists about medical treatment for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Objective Our aim was to estimate the number of emergency department (ED) visits and subsequent hospitalizations that were assigned a code specific to IPV and to describe the clinical and sociodemographic features of this population. Methods Data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample from 2006−2009 were analyzed. Cases with an external cause of injury code of E967.3 (battering by spouse or partner) were abstracted. Results From 2006−2009, there were 112,664 visits made to United States EDs with an e-code for battering by a partner or spouse. Most patients were female (93%) with a mean age of 35 years. Patients were significantly more likely to reside in communities with the lowest median income quartile and in the Southern United States. Approximately 5% of visits resulted in hospital admission. The mean charge for treat-and-release visits was $1904.69 and $27,068.00 for hospitalizations. Common diagnoses included superficial injuries and contusions, skull/face fractures, and complications of pregnancy. Females were more likely to experience superficial injuries and contusions, and males were more likely to have open wounds of the head, neck, trunk, and extremities. Conclusions From 2006 to 2009, there were approximately 28,000 ED visits per year with an e-code specific to IPV. Although a minority, 7% of these visits were made by males, which has not been reported previously. Future prospective research should confirm the unique demographic and geographic features of these visits to guide development of targeted screening and intervention strategies to mitigate IPV and further characterize male IPV visits.
A self-consistent theory of Thonemann's current drive experiment

Summary form only given. Current drive is conventionally viewed as the selective pushing of electrons or ions in a plasma by means of plasma waves or neutral beams. A new point of view has emerged in some recent studies, which treat the steady-state current as a macroscopic characteristic of the plasma. In these schemes, steady-state current is produced as a result of nonlinear mixing of linear waves inside the plasma. These schemes have the advantage that the bulk of the plasma participates in the current production process. These ideas, however, remain experimentally untested as yet. In this paper, we explore this nonlinear wave mixing process in a plasma and antenna configuration that is very similar to the one in Thonemann's classic current drive experiment. It is shown that many of the essential features of the experiment can be explained using the idea of nonlinear wave mixing. We also discuss extensions of the model that apply to larger and warmer plasmas. The geometry of the problem consists of a slab of unmagnetized plasma surrounded by a pair of electric current sheet antennas. It is assumed that the plasma is fully ionized and is governed by two fluid equations. The external antennas generate a first order traveling wave inside the plasma. The excited wave is electromagnetic and is characterized by an evanescent perpendicular profile at low frequencies.
Porous-Media Flow Fields for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells I. Low Humidity Operation

This paper proposes an approach of channel development for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), i.e., to fill porous media in the channel region, allowing a simultaneous transport of gaseous reactant, liquid, heat, and electron through the porous-media channel. The added functions of heat/electron conductivity enhance the PEFC operation and the channel design flexibility. The porous media provide support over the diffusion media, thereby diminishing the concern of contact resistance under the channel. This paper, as the first part of our work on this channel configuration, focuses on heat and electron transport, excluding liquid water impact. A theoretical analysis of the characteristics of heat transfer and electronic conduction in fuel cells and of the required pumping power for reactant flows is performed. Factors affecting the temperature variation, electronic ohmic loss, and pumping power consumption are explored. A three-dimensional model is developed, and numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the low humidity operation of fuel cells with both hollow and porous-media channel configurations. Simulation results demonstrate the enhanced characteristics of the heat and electronic current transport and the design flexibility for the proposed approach of porous-media channels.
Screening for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma in children with beckwith-wiedemann syndromes: A cost-effective model

Background We undertook a cost-benefit analysis of screening for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a known cancer predisposition syndrome. The purpose of this analysis was twofold: first, to assess whether screening in children with BWS has the potential to be cost-effective; second, if screening appears to be cost-effective, to determine which parameters would be most important to assess if a screening trial were initiated. Procedures We used data from the BWS registry at the National Cancer Institute, the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS), and large published series to model events for two hypothetical cohorts of 1,000 infants born with BWS. One hypothetical cohort was screened for cancer until a predetermined age, representing the base case. The other cohort was unscreened. For our base case, we assumed: (a) sonography examinations three times yearly (triannually) from birth until 7 years of age; (b) screening would result in one stage shift downward at diagnosis for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma; (c) 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detecting clinical stage I Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma; (d) a 3% discount rate; (e) a false positive result cost of $402. We estimated mortality rates based on published Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma stage specific survival. Results Using the base case, screening a child with BWS from birth until 4 years of age results in a cost per life year saved of $9,642 while continuing until 7 years of age results in a cost per life-year saved of $14,740. When variables such as cost of screening examination, discount rate, and effectiveness of screening were varied based on high and low estimates, the incremental cost per life-year saved for screening up until age four remained comparable to acceptable population based cancer screening ranges (< $50,000 per life year saved). Conclusions Under our model's assumptions, abdominal sonography examinations in children with BWS represent a reasonable strategy for a cancer screening program. A cancer screening trial is warranted to determine if, when, and how often children with BWS should be screened and to determine cost-effectiveness in clinical practice. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:349–356. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Archaeal phylotypes in a metal‐rich and low‐activity deep subsurface sediment of the Peru Basin, ODP Leg 201, Site 1231

Site 1231 of the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) was characterized by low concentrations of organic carbon, as well as low cell numbers and biological activity rates. A 16S rRNA survey was performed in order to analyse the microbial community composition of these central oceanic sediments. Archaeal 16S rRNA genes from subsurface sediments at Site 1231 (1.8, 9.0, and 43 mbsf) were affiliated with uncultured lineages from subsurface or hydrothermal vent habitats. Members of the Marine Group I (MGI) found in the 1.8 mbsf sediment formed distinct clusters, some dominated by phylotypes from Site 1231 and other subsurface environments. The archaeal community survey at Site 1231 indicated that several archaeal lineages were widespread in subsurface environments, marine sediments as well as hydrothermal habitats.
Driving by choice or necessity

Abstract From just about all accounts, Americans are driving more than ever, not just to work but to shopping, to school, to soccer practice and band practice, to visit family and friends, and so on. Americans also seem to be complaining more than ever about how much they drive—or, more accurately, how much everyone else drives. However, the available evidence suggests that a notable share of their driving is by choice rather than necessity. Although the distinction between choice and necessity is not always so clear, it is important for policy makers. For necessary trips, planners can explore ways of reducing the need for or length of the trip or ways of enhancing alternatives to driving. For travel by choice, the policy implications are much trickier and touch on basic concepts of freedom of choice. This paper first develops a framework for exploring the boundary between choice and necessity based on a categorization of potential reasons for and sources of “excess driving”, and then uses in-depth one-on-one interviews guided by this framework to characterize patterns of excess driving. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of travel behavior and provides a basis for developing policy proposals directed at reducing the growth in driving.
Uterine position at real embryo transfer compared with mock embryo transfer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the consistency in the uterine position between mock and real embryo transfer. METHODS: We reviewed 996 consecutive embryo transfer cycles (585 patients); 74% of patients had an anteverted (AV) uterus and 26% had a retroverted (RV) uterus at mock embryo transfer. All mock and real embryo transfers were performed under abdominal ultrasound guidance. RESULTS: Of 623 fresh embryo transfers in patients with an AV uterus at mock embryo transfer, only 2% became RV, while 55% of 213 embryo transfers in patients with an RV uterus on mock embryo transfer converted to AV at real embryo transfer (P < 0.0001). For frozen-thawed embryo transfer, 12% of AV uteri at mock embryo transfer became RV, while 33% of RV uteri became AV (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that an RV uterus at mock embryo transfer will often change position at real embryo transfer. Misdirecting the embryo transfer catheter can be avoided by accurate knowledge of the uterine position at the time of embryo transfer, which can be more accurately assessed by routine ultrasound guidance. Additionally, patients with an RV uterus at mock embryo transfer should still present with a full bladder for embryo transfer, since a significant number will convert to an AV position.
Towards Peer-to-Peer Semantic Web: A Distributed Environment for Sharing Semantic Knowledge on the Web

The real value of Semantic Web vision can be demonstrated if people and applications can create and discover new and interesting knowledge and share this knowledge in a transparent manner similar to the way data is exchanged today. Therefore, we believe that Semantic Web will consist of a distributed environment of shared and interoperable ontologies, which have emerged as common formalisms for knowledge representation. The users will need to discover new ontologies, which are not known to them before and use them to either annotate the content or to formulate their information requests. This requires an environment that supports creating, maintaining, and controlled sharing of ontologies. We believe that a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) infrastructure can enable such capabilities. We call our approach P2P Semantic Web (PSW) with capabilities to find relevant set of ontologies, facilitating reuse of existing ontologies to create additional ontologies, and advertising the resulting ontologies. We discuss an ontology driven search of concepts and services and exploration of inter-ontological relationships over a P2P infrastructure. The prototyping of this approach in the InfoQuilt system is also discussed.
From Direct Simple Shear Test to Soil Model Development and Supported Excavation Simulation: Integrated Computational-Experimental Soil Behavior Characterization Framework

AbstractA constitutive model that represents soil behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is necessary for the simulation of complex boundary value problems. However, most laboratory tests are interpreted with an assumption of uniform stresses and strains within the tested soil specimen even when the specimen is known to experience nonuniform stress-strain distribution as in the direct simple shear (DSS) test. Numerous tests are often needed to fully characterize a soil’s nonlinear and anisotropic behavior and to develop an appropriate soil model. This paper utilizes an evolutionary inverse analysis approach to extract nonuniform stresses and strains within K0 consolidated-undrained direct simple shear (CK0UDSS) test specimens on Boston blue clay (BBC) and directly develop soil constitutive models. The extracted soil behavior is consistent with known behavior of BBC including anisotropic stress-strain response and small strain nonlinearity obtained under complex laboratory loading conditions. Th...
Measurements of eddies in the ocean surface wind field by a mix of single and multiple-frequency HF radars on monterey bay california

To properly assess the impact of global climate change and plan for remediation, accurate regional climate models are necessary, functioning on 10 km size scales rather than the typical 100 km scales. Examples of 10 km size scale phenomena are coastal wind eddies at 10-40 km scales, studied over Monterey Bay,California by Archer,Ludwig et al. using shore and buoy anemometers and satellite images. Most frequent in the evening and early morning hours, these, typically cyclonic, eddies are often responsible for fog in the Santa Cruz California area. We have previously demonstrated the ability of multifrequency HF radar (4.8 to 21.8 MHz) to map the ocean wind field. Observations over a year time span indicate standard errors of prediction of 1.7 m/s for wind speed and 25deg for direction with biases of 0.1 m/s and 0.3deg respectively. Combining HF radar wind vector estimates with shore based anemometer data in the WOCSS surface wind field model allows formation of detailed (3 to 5 km resolution) images of wind eddies over Monterey Bay and observation of their creation and decay. We discuss requirements for wind field observations with HF radars and demonstrate how multiple radar sites can be used to produce HF radar wind field maps. We report observations of 10-20 km cyclonic eddies in the northern and eastern parts of Monterey Bay.
Getting at the Core of Literacy Improvement: A Case Study of an Urban Secondary School

Although national trends of urban adolescent reading underachievement suggest that schools are unable to adequately support this population’s reading development, some studies have demonstrated that urban schools can operate to raise student achievement, thereby disrupting national trends. In this study, the author investigates one such school that capitalized on instructional leadership, time and space, and teacher agency to both raise teacher capacity and youths’ reading achievement. It appears that an interrelationship among these features were critical in creating change at the school. Findings from this study hold important implications for future investigations on literacy instruction in urban schools.
Bacteria from rhizosphere and hyphosphere soils of different arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi

Effects of roots and of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the composition of soil bacterial colonies and the combined effects of AM fungus-rhizobacterium associations on plant and soil development are little-known. We grew sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) either nonsymbiotically or colonized by one of two isolates of the AM fungi Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, or Glomus mosseae. The isolates were either exotic or native to the test soil. Soils adhering (rhizosphere) or not adhering (hyphosphere) to the roots were sampled 45 days after planting. Total populations of bacteria were estimated by counting colony-forming units on a nonselective medium and grouped by colony and cell morphology. Rhizosphere populations of fluorescent pseudomonads were determined on P1 medium. Visually distinct isolates were selected for identification by Fatty-Acid-Methyl-Esther analysis; of these 25 were found to be separate species. Bacterial numbers were greater in rhizo- than in hyphosphere soil. Isolates of Bacillus and t Arthrobacter were most frequent in hyphosphere and Pseudomonas in rhizosphere soils. More bacterial species were encountered in hyphosphere than in rhizosphere soil, and bacterial communities varied within and among AM treatments. The development of the AM mycelium in soil had little influence on the composition of the microflora in the hyphosphere, while AM root colonization was positively related with bacterial numbers in the hyphosphere and with the presence of Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere. The results suggest that qualitative effects of the AM fungal taxon on the hyphosphere, such as the nature of exudates, are more important to composition and proliferation of rhizobacteria than the quantitative development of AM soil mycelia.
Reduction in mean deviation values in automated perimetry in eyes with multifocal compared to monofocal intraocular lens implants.

Purpose To evaluate differences in mean deviation values in automated perimetry in healthy eyes with multifocal compared to monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implants. Design Prospective, age-matched, comparative analysis. Methods setting: Single-center, tertiary referral academic practice. patient population: A total of 37 healthy eyes in 37 patients with bilateral multifocal (n = 22) or monofocal (n = 15) IOL implants were studied. intervention/observation procedure: Humphrey Visual Field 10-2 testing was performed on all patients. main outcome measures: Mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) numerical values were evaluated and compared between groups. Results The average MD was −2.84 dB (SD 2.32) for the multifocal IOL group and −0.97 dB (SD 1.58) for the monofocal IOL group ( P = .006). There was no significant difference in PSD between the 2 groups ( P = .99). Eyes that had the visual field 10-2 testing ≥6 months from time of IOL placement showed no improvement in MD when compared to eyes that were tested within 6 months from IOL placement. Conclusion Multifocal IOL implants cause significant nonspecific reduction in MD values on Humphrey Visual Field 10-2 testing that does not improve with time or neuroadaptation. Multifocal IOL implants may be inadvisable in patients where central visual field reduction may not be tolerated, such as macular degeneration, retinal pigment epithelium changes, and glaucoma.
Improving Teaching Does Improve Teachers: Evidence from Lesson Study.

The authors comment on the article by Morris and Hiebert in three ways. First, they add thoughts about why improvement efforts often focus on teachers, rather than teaching. Second, they offer evidence from U.S. lesson study research that focus on teaching can improve both students’ learning and teachers’ learning. Finally, they suggest that the instructional products and common assessments advocated by Hiebert and Morris are not sufficient, and that they need to be accompanied by practice-based, collegial learning in which teachers build shared knowledge and commitments for the hard work of improvement. Their research indicates that lesson study focuses on teaching, but improves teachers as well, increasing mathematical knowledge and beliefs that support instructional improvement, as well as improving student learning.
Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Downregulation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 by Angiotensin II

Objective— Angiotensin II has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of insulin resistance. Recently, serine phosphorylation and degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) were shown to inhibit Akt activation and reduce glucose uptake. Therefore, we examined the effects of chronic angiotensin II treatment on IRS-1 phosphorylation and protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results— Using Western analysis, we found that angiotensin II (100 nmol/L; 18 hours) caused a 61±5% degradation of IRS-1 and abolished insulin-induced activation of Akt. Phosphorylation of IRS-1 on Ser307, which leads to subsequent IRS-1 degradation, was stimulated by angiotensin II. This phosphorylation was blocked by the Src inhibitor PP1 and by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and ebselen. Stable overexpression of catalase abrogated angiotensin II–induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and IRS-1 degradation. Similarly, a mutant phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) that...
Variations in relevance assessments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness

The purpose of this article is to bring attention to the problem of variations in relevance assessments and the effects that these may have on measures of retrieval effectiveness. Through an analytical review of the literature, I show that despite known wide variations in relevance assessments in experimental test collections, their effects on the measurement of retrieval performance are almost completely unstudied. I will further argue that what we know about the many variables that have been found to affect relevance assessments under experimental conditions, as well as our new understanding of psychological, situational, user-based relevance, point to a single conclusion. We can no longer rest the evaluation of information retrieval systems on the assumption that such variations do not significantly affect the measurement of information retrieval performance. A series of thorough, rigorous, and extensive tests is needed, of precisely how, and under what conditions, variations in relevance assessments do, and do not, affect measures of retrieval performance. We need to develop approaches to evaluation that are sensitive to these variations and to human factors and individual differences more generally. Our approaches to evaluation must reflect the real world of real users. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The order determination for linear time-varying AR models

We are often faced With the problem of estimating the number of parameters, as well as their values, for a model that will fit a given set of observations. When a family of models includes (or is assumed to include) the true system, the consistency of the estimated model has, for example, been studied recently by using the maximum entropy criterion as a measure of fit. However, to establish this test, stationarity and the knowledge of the p. d. f. for the observed data are required. In this paper we define a criterion of measure of fit which enables us to treat the non-stationary case without knowledge of the p.d.f. of the data or without specifying the p. d. f. of model outputs. Based on this criterion, we study the order determination problem for the linear time-varying AR models.
An analytical approach to identify fluid flow separation and re-attachment in a collapsible channel

The performance of a one-dimensional model that describes the dynamic behavior of a collapsible channel is tested for low Reynolds number flow. Systems of this type are of interest because of their similarity to physiological fluid flow in veins and arteries. Criteria to locate the points of flow separation and flow re-attachment under certain fluid flow conditions are introduced and a numerical approach to provide an approximate analytical solution is demonstrated.
Optical design of the rapid cycling medical synchrotron

The optical design of the rapid cycling medical synchrotron (RCMS) is based on the strong focusing principle. Several advantages arise from this choice of design, including smaller beam sizes and more optimization possibilities. In this paper, a detailed description of the optical design of all beam lines of the facility is presented with the methods that have been used to optimize such beam lines. In particular, we describe a method to match beam lines optimally in one step using as input parameters the beta functions at the matching point. This method eliminates the need of doing repeated simulations varying several parameters of the matching elements until the match is finally achieved. Comparisons between old designs and the most recent design are presented making special emphasis on cost savings between them. Comparisons with other accelerators and technologies is also presented.
ATY PICAL PAIR-BONDING BEHAVIOR AMONG GOLDEN-FRONTED WOODPECKERS (MELANERPES AURIFRONS)

Abstract While conducting a study of golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) territorial behavior and site fidelity in west-central Texas in 1996, I observed a color-banded male interacting with 2 females in a manner consistent with pair-bonding. This behavior, which was previously unreported for this species, was observed late in the breeding season and continued through the following winter. No nesting attempts were observed, but the male and females did exhibit typical mate behavior, including the exchanging of mate-greeting calls and displays. The females occupied separate, adjacent territories, both of which the male regularly occupied. The chronology of events and potential factors influencing such behavior are discussed. Resumen Durante un estudio sobre el comportamiento territorial y fidelidad al sitio del carpintero cheje (Melanerpes aurifrons) en la parte central del oeste de Texas en 1996, observe la asociacion de un macho marcado con anillos de color con 2 hembras en una manera consis...
Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation for Acute Leukemia

Remarkable advances in marrow transplantation for acute leukemia have been made since the early 1970s when treatment was restricted to patients with advanced disease, and long-term survival was only on the order of 15% [1]. In the mid-1970s marrow grafting was applied earlier, during the first remission in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANL) and during second or subsequent remission in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [2,3]. Patients with ANL grafted in first remission have survived better than those given chemotherapy (50% versus 20% actuarial survival, with the longest survivors currently at 11 years in continued remission) [4]. Thirty-five percent of patients with ALL given grafts in second or subsequent remission have survived, whereas similar patients undergoing chemotherapy all died of recurrent disease within 31/2 years of the initiation of therapy [5]. Patients with ANL grafted in early first relapse, incurable by chemotherapy, have shown 5-year disease-free survivals on the order of 30%, which is equal to or better than that seen in patients transplanted in second remission of ANL [6].
Effect of ovarian steroids on hepatic metabolism. II. Estrogens.

To evaluate the effect of natural and synthetic estrogens on hepatic function 200 sexually mature female and male Holtzman rats received 1 or 100 mcg of 17beta-estradiol 1 or 100 mcg of diethylstilbestrol 100 mcg or 1 mg chlorotrianisene or 100 mcg of 1 mg clomiphene citrats sc daily for 10 days. On Day 11 the livers were removed in autopsy and examined. Treatment of both female and male rats with estradiol resulted in a significant decrease (p less than .01) in the rats of hepatic demethylation. Similar effects were seen in rats of both sexes treated with diethylstilbestrol but in females only when treated with chlorotrianisene or clomiphene citrate. It is concluded that the effect of estrogens on hepatic function relates both to the structural characteristics of the estrogen involved and to the sex of the recipient. The structural relationship of estrogens to hepatic function should guide further research into the long-range metabolic effects of oral contraceptives.
Nasal extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma: an atypical presentation.

Objective:We report two cases of nasal natural killer T cell lymphoma which presented atypically following surgical intervention.Case report:Two patients with a previous history of endoscopic nasal surgery presented with progressive facial swelling and necrosis. The histology of several nasal biopsies was suggestive of acute, necrotising inflammation. Considering these patients' midline destruction of the nose and face, and their inconclusive biopsies, immunohistochemical studies were undertaken, enabling the diagnosis of peripheral natural killer T cell lymphoma.Conclusion:Natural killer T cell lymphoma of the sinonasal tract is an important differential diagnosis of destructive lesions of the nose and midface. The definitive diagnosis is often delayed. Hence, this tumour should be considered in patients with atypical presentations of acute inflammation following surgical intervention; such patients should be thoroughly investigated. Early immunohistochemical investigation is needed to enable prompt diagnosis in suspicious cases.
Beyond Racism: Response to Embrick, Hughey, Miller, Rosenfeld, and Ross

This essay serves as a response to Embrick (2016), Hughey (2016), Miller (2016), Rosenfeld (2016), and Ross (2016), all of whom reflected on my article “Lethal Policing: Making Sense of American Exceptionalism,” published in the December 2015 issue of this journal.
Interaction Between Spray Distribution and Systemic Activity of Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Peppers and Snap Beans

Interactions between spray distribution and insecticide mode of action in relation to control of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), on bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.), sweet banana peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.), and snap beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated. Multiple treatments were applied using either a conventional boom sprayer or an air-curtain sprayer. Materials evaluated were fenvalerate (local activity) and acephate (systemic activity). Spray droplet distribution was evaluated with UV-spectrophotometric analysis of sprayed dyes. European corn borer egg massey were sampled weekly during the experiment, and crop injury was evaluated at harvest. Spray deposition with the air-curtain sprayer was much higher on the undersides of the leaves and on fruit than with the conventional boom application. Variability of spray deposition between samples also was reduced. Faceplate and fenvalerate significantly reduced banana pepper and bell pepper injury from European corn borer. However, significant reductions in injury due to air-curtain application occurred only with fenvalerate on bell peppers. Systemic activity of the acephate compensated, at least partially, for poor spray distribution with the conventional boom application. Virtually no injury occurred to the snap beans even in artificially infested, untreated plots. Total mortality caused by glandular trichomes was observed when larvae were introduced onto snap bean plants in the laboratory.
Measuring and modelling the spatial accessibility of public transport stops in GIS

This article introduces two basic exact approaches for evaluation of spatial accessibility of public transport stops in the geographical information systems environment. The first is considered to be a simple approach contributing to the definition of buffers (wrap zones) around the stops. These are based on geometrical concept and use simple euclidean distance for specification of coverage of the individual city quarters. The present study works with the distance of 400 metres, which in the urban environment represents a comfortably accessible walking distance of 5 minutes. The other approach (the isoline method) is already considered to be more advanced, as it is based on the sophisticated tools of geographic information systems, which are able to interconnect the existing access paths and take the individual spatial barriers into consideration. This results in a realistic image of public transport stop accessibility already fully corresponding to the real situation. This tool may not only be used for current status analysis, but also for future status prediction. The example of establishment of new stops in the city of Ceske Budějovice, therefore, uses this instrument for determining the impact of the new stop establishment in the city centre on the city coverage.
Human follicular fluid: prolactin is biologically active and ovum fertilization correlates with estradiol concentration

The bioactivity of prolactin (PRL) in follicular fluid (FF) obtained from mature preovulatory follicles was measured by the Nb2 lymphoma-cell bioassay and compared with the immunoreactivity as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA-PRL). There was a good correlation between the two assay systems (P less than 0.01), and when RIA-PRL was more than 25 ng/ml, both assay systems yielded comparable values, with a mean bioassay/RIA ratio of 1.06 +/- 0.03; however, when RIA-PRL was 25 ng/ml or less, a discrepancy between the two assay systems was evident, with a bioassay/RIA ratio of 1.55 +/- 0.15. The estradiol (E2) concentration of FF obtained from follicles that contained oocytes which were subsequently fertilized was greater than that in follicles containing oocytes which were not fertilized: 588 +/- 62 vs 376 +/- 37 ng/ml (P less than 0.01), respectively. No differences were found in bioassay-PRL, RIA-PRL, progesterone (P), and FF volumes between fertilized and unfertilized groups of follicles. FF from mature preovulatory follicles contained greater concentrations of RIA-PRL compared to immature follicles (34.6 +/- 3.1 vs 8.5 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; P less than 0.001).
Analysis On The Death Trend Of Malignant Tumor From 2005 To 2009 In Shou County Of Anhui Province

Objective To study the death status and characteristics of malignant tumor of the residents in Shou county,and provide evidence for formulating the intervention measures.Methods Deaths monitoring data of Shou county from 2005 to 2009 which obtained from Disease Surveillance System were classified according to International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10),and analyzed by epidemiological Methods.Results From 2005 to 2009,a total of 9317 cases died of malignant tumor were reported in Shou county,with the mortality rate of 138.67/lakh and the standard mortality rate of 128.14/lakh.Deaths of malignant tumor accounted for 25.45% of total deaths,and the average potential years of life lost(PYLL) rate was 12.99/lakh.Both of the mortality rate and the PYLL ranked second place among all deaths.The top 3 death causes in malignant tumor were gastric cancer,lung cancer and liver cancer,and they accounted for 59.34% of deaths died of malignant tumor.Conclusion Malignant tumors sanked second in the death cause order of residents in shou county,and of them,gostric concer,lung one and liver one were in the top 3 positions of concer death composition.
275 EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS AND INCIDENCE OF OBESITY.

Background Obesity has been recognized as an increasing problem in the pediatric population. Our goals were to use data from injury prevention surveys to identify high-risk behaviors and their contribution to pediatric obesity. Methods Families were surveyed in conjunction with Injury Free Coalition for Kids funded by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at a community health fair held in high-risk injury areas of our community. In addition to assessing educational and awareness needs for injury prevention, families were surveyed on exercise and nutrition habits of children in these families. Results -20% obese (greater than 95%) and another 13% were between 90 and 95%. Fruits and Vegetables: 5% reported less than one serving, 52% reported at least two servings per day, while 42% reported greater than 3 servings per day. Milk and Dairy: 12% less than one, 46% at least two, 42% greater than three servings per day. Junk Food: 33% less than one, 32% at least two, 34% greater than three. TV/Videos: 12% less than 1 hour per day, 23% 1-2 hours per day, 65% greater than 3 hours per day. Exercise/Physical Activity: 16% less than 3 times per week, 13% 4-6 times per week, 71% reported daily physical activity. Follow-Up: 38 of 95 surveyed had attended the previous year9s fair. Of those, 72% reported exercising more since the previous year and 84% reported eating better since receiving information at last year9s fair. Conclusions Obesity is a growing problem in the pediatric population with at least one-fifth of our random population obese. Our data identified a significant portion of children in our population with greater than 3 hours of television per day. Most respondents did describe better health habits since last year9s fair.
Lymphocyte Reactivity against Virally Transformed Cells in Patients with Urologic Cancer

AbstractLymphocytes from patients with urologic cancer were tested in microcytotoxicity assays against human cells transformed by cytomegalovirus. Human lymphocytes were significantly cytotoxic against the transformed cell line when compared to a normal human control cell line. Patients with prostatic carcinoma demonstrated greater target cell reduction than those with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Prey partitioning and use of insects by juvenile sockeye salmon and a potential competitor, threespine stickleback, in Afognak Lake, Alaska

Freshwater growth of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) depends upon the quality and quantity of prey and interactions with potential competitors in the foraging environment. To a large extent, knowledge about the ecology of lake-rearing juvenile sockeye salmon has emerged from studies of commercially important runs returning to deep nursery lakes, yet information from shallow nursery lakes (mean depth ≤ 10 m) is limited. We examined seasonal and ontogenetic variation in diets of juvenile sockeye salmon (N = 219, 30–85 mm) and an abundant potential competitor, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; N = 198, 42–67 mm), to understand their foraging ecology and potential trophic interactions in a shallow Alaska lake. This study revealed that adult insects made up 74% of all sockeye salmon diets by weight and were present in 98% of all stomachs in Afognak Lake during the summer of 2013. Diets varied temporally for all fishes, but small sockeye salmon (<60 mm) showed a distinct shift in consumption from zooplankton in early summer to adult insects in late summer. We found significant differences in diet composition between sockeye salmon and threespine stickleback and the origin of their prey indicated that they also separated their use of habitat on a fine scale; however, the two species showed overlap in size selectivity of zooplankton prey. Considering that aquatic insects can be a primary resource for juvenile sockeye salmon in Afognak Lake, we encourage the development of nursery lake carrying capacity models that include aquatic insects as a prey source for sockeye salmon.
Glucose or Altered Ceramide Biosynthesis Mediate Oxygen Deprivation Sensitivity Through Novel Pathways Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Individuals with type 2 diabetes display metabolic abnormalities, such as hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and altered ceramide levels, that contribute to vascular dysfunctions and compromised oxygen delivery. Caenorhabditis elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet or with altered ceramide metabolism, due to a hyl-2 mutation, are sensitive to oxygen deprivation (anoxia). Our experiments showed that the combination of these factors further decreased the anoxia survival. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to assess how a glucose-supplemented diet and/or a hyl-2 mutation altered the transcriptome. Comparison analysis of transcripts associated with anoxia-sensitive animals [hyl-2(tm2031) mutation or a glucose diet] revealed 199 common transcripts encoded by genes with known or predicted functions involving innate immunity, cuticle function (collagens), or xenobiotic and endobiotic phase I and II detoxification system. Use of RNA interference (RNAi) to target gene products of the xenobiotic and endobiotic phase I and II detoxification system (UDP-glycosyltransferase and Cytochrome p450 genes; ugt-15, ugt-18, ugt-19, ugt-41, ugt-63, cyp-13A12, cyp-25A1, and cyp-33C8) increased anoxia survival in wild-type animals fed a standard diet. Anoxia sensitivity of the hyl-2(tm2031) animals was suppressed by RNAi of cyp-25A1 or cyp-33C8 genes. A glucose diet fed to the P0 hermaphrodite decreased the anoxia survival of its F1 embryos; however, the RNAi of ugt-63 and cyp-33C8 suppressed anoxia sensitivity. These studies provide evidence that the detoxification system impacts oxygen deprivation responses and that C. elegans can be used to model the conserved detoxification system.