cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religion and anxiety disorder: An examination and comparison of associations in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults☆

Abstract We examined and compared associations between religious variables and anxiety disorders in 1025 young (ages 18 to 39), 645 middle-aged (ages 40 to 59), and 1299 elderly (ages 60 to 97) community-dwelling adults who participated in Wave II of the Piedmont NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey. Religious variables included church attendance, prayer and Bible reading, religious TV viewing, importance of religion, religious denomination, and “born again” status. Both six-month (recent) and life-time anxiety disorders were examined. All analyses were controlled for sex, chronic illnesses, recent negative life events, and socioeconomic status using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. In young adults, rates of anxiety disorder were lower among frequent church attenders, mainline Protestants, and those considering themselves “born again”. On the other hand, anxiety disorder was more frequent among younger adults affiliated with fundamentalist Pentecostal religious groups, those with no religious affiliation, and frequent religious TV viewers or radio listeners. Among middle-age adults, social phobia was less common among frequent church attenders and those considering themselves “born again”, although these differences disappeared when social support was controlled for. As reported elsewhere, there was no relationship between religion and anxiety disorder in older adults. These findings suggest a pattern of both positive and negative relationships between religion and anxiety disorder that is most evident among uoung adults age 18 to 39, and weakens with age as dynamic factors increase the complexity of these relationships.
Collaborating on Assessment of the Undergraduate Student Experience

This chapter focuses on selected collaborative initiatives involving academic and student affairs at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Fight-or-flight: murine unilateral ureteral obstruction causes extensive proximal tubular degeneration, collecting duct dilatation, and minimal fibrosis

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is the most widely used animal model of progressive renal disease. Although renal interstitial fibrosis is commonly used as an end point, recent studies reveal that obstructive injury to the glomerulotubular junction leads to the formation of atubular glomeruli. To quantitate the effects of UUO on the remainder of the nephron, renal tubular and interstitial responses were characterized in mice 7 and 14 days after UUO or sham operation under anesthesia. Fractional proximal tubular mass, cell proliferation, and cell death were measured by morphometry. Superoxide formation was identified by nitro blue tetrazolium, and oxidant injury was localized by 4-hydroxynonenol and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Fractional areas of renal vasculature, interstitial collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin were also measured. After 14 days of UUO, the obstructed kidney loses 19% of parenchymal mass, with a 65% reduction in proximal tubular mass. Superoxide formation is localized to proximal tubules, which undergo oxidant injury, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, with widespread mitochondrial loss, resulting in tubular collapse. In contrast, mitosis and apoptosis increase in dilated collecting ducts, which remain patent through epithelial cell remodeling. Relative vascular volume fraction does not change, and interstitial matrix components do not exceed 15% of total volume fraction of the obstructed kidney. These unique proximal and distal nephron cellular responses reflect differential “fight-or-flight” responses to obstructive injury and provide earlier indexes of renal injury than do interstitial compartment responses. Therapies to prevent or retard progression of renal disease should include targeting proximal tubule injury as well as interstitial fibrosis.
Developing Prospective Elementary Teachers' Flexibility in the Domain of Proportional Reasoning

Flexibility in the use of mathematics procedures consists of the ability to employ multiple solution methods across a set of problems, solve the same problem using multiple methods, and choose strategically from among methods so as to reduce computational demands. The purpose of this study was to characterize prospective elementary teachers' (n = 148) flexibility in the domain of proportional reasoning before formal instruction and to test the effects of two versions of an intervention that engaged prospective teachers in comparing different solutions to proportion problems. Results indicate that (a) participants exhibited limited flexibility before formal instruction, (b) the intervention led to significant gains in participants' flexibility that were retained six months after instruction, and (c) varying the source of the problem solutions that participants compared had no discernible effects on their flexibility. Implications for mathematics teacher preparation and for research on flexibility developme...
Causal Compensation for Erasures in Frame Representations

In a variety of signal processing and communications contexts, erasures occur inadvertently or can be intentionally introduced as part of a data reduction strategy. This paper discusses causal compensation for erasures in frame representations of signals. The approach described assumes linear synthesis of the signal using a prespecified frame but no specific generation mechanism for the coefficients. Under this assumption, it is demonstrated that erasures can be compensated for using low-complexity causal systems. If the transmitter is aware of the occurrence of the erasure, an optimal compensation is to project the erasure error to the remaining coefficients. It is demonstrated that the same compensation can be executed using a transmitter/receiver combination in which the transmitter is not aware of the erasure occurrence. The transmitter precompensates using projections, as if assuming erasures will occur. The receiver undoes the compensation for the coefficients that have not been erased, thus maintaining the compensation only of the erased coefficients. The stability of the resulting systems is explored, and stability conditions are derived. It is shown that stability for any erasure pattern can be enforced by optimizing a constrained quadratic program at the system design stage. The paper concludes with examples and simulations that verify the theoretical results and illustrate key issues in the algorithms.
Diversity of Transgenic Mouse Models for Selective Targeting of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons have been implicated in reward, aversion, salience, cognition, and several neuropsychiatric disorders. Optogenetic approaches involving transgenic Cre-driver mouse lines provide powerful tools for dissecting DA-specific functions. However, the emerging complexity of VTA circuits requires Cre-driver mouse lines that restrict transgene expression to a precisely defined cell population. Because of recent work reporting that VTA DA neurons projecting to the lateral habenula release GABA, but not DA, we performed an extensive anatomical, molecular, and functional characterization of prominent DA transgenic mouse driver lines. We find that transgenes under control of the tyrosine hydroxylase, but not the dopamine transporter, promoter exhibit dramatic non-DA cell-specific expression patterns within and around VTA nuclei. Our results demonstrate how Cre expression in unintentionally targeted cells in transgenic mouse lines can confound the interpretation of supposedly cell-type-specific experiments. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Stamatakis et al. (2013), published in Neuron. See also the Matters Arising Response paper by Stuber et al. (2015), published concurrently with this Matters Arising in Neuron.
A New Measure of Binge Drinking: Prevalence and Correlates in a Probability Sample of Undergraduates

Background: A standard measure defines binge drinking as the consumption of 5 or more drinks in a row for men (4 or more drinks for women) on at least 1 occasion during the past 2 weeks. A revised operational definition of binge drinking was developed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in 2004 and incorporated the duration of the drinking episode in addition to the quantity of alcohol consumed. This study compares the standard and new binge measures for overall and subgroup prevalence rates; associations with gender, race/ethnicity, and age of drinking onset; and associations with negative drinking consequences. Methods: A probability sample of 4,580 randomly selected college students (50.3% female, M age 5 19.9, SD 5 2.0) at a large Midwestern university in the United States completed a Web-based survey of alcohol and other drug use. Participants reported on past 2-week binge drinking using the standard measure and past-year binge drinking using the new measure. Results: The longer past-year time frame of the new measure yielded a higher prevalence estimate of binge drinking (63.6%) compared with the 2-week standard measure (53.2%). Approximately 9.9% of those who were classified as binge drinkers using the 2-week standard measure were classified as non–binge drinkers using the new measure specification of a 2-hour duration for the drinking episode. The past-year new binge measure was positively associated with negative drinking consequences even when the 2-week measure was statistically controlled. Conclusions: Using a longer time frame and incorporating the duration of the drinking episode, the new measure of binge drinking appears to capture an important element of risky alcohol involve
Human IRIS Identification Via Low-Complexity Circular Periodicity Transform

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity circular periodicity transform (CPT) for human iris identification. The proposed CPT enhances the standard periodicity transform by enabling the extraction of a wide spectrum of periodic patterns hidden in human iris. A computation-efficient architecture is developed for accurate iris identification with minimal hardware cost. The CPT-based iris identification system achieves up to 99.2% recognition rates with 21.8% - 56.2% reduction in computation complexity as compared with the standard periodicity transform. The proposed CPT in combination with architecture optimizations address the challenges in single-chip implementation of biometric systems.
Efficient Sparse Group Feature Selection via Nonconvex Optimization

Sparse feature selection has been demonstrated to be effective in handling high-dimensional data. While promising, most of the existing works use convex methods, which may be suboptimal in terms of the accuracy of feature selection and parameter estimation. In this paper, we expand a nonconvex paradigm to sparse group feature selection, which is motivated by applications that require identifying the underlying group structure and performing feature selection simultaneously. The main contributions of this article are twofold: (1) computationally, we introduce a nonconvex sparse group feature selection model and present an efficient optimization algorithm, of which the key step is a projection with two coupled constraints; (2) statistically, we show that the proposed model can reconstruct the oracle estimator. Therefore, consistent feature selection and parameter estimation can be achieved. Numerical results on synthetic and real-world data suggest that the proposed nonconvex method compares favorably against its competitors, thus achieving desired goal of delivering high performance.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and transport properties of quaternary tetrahedral chalcogenides

Quaternary chalcogenides with tetrahedral zinc-blend structure types continue to be of interest for thermoelectrics applications. We report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and high temperature transport properties of Cu2.1Fe0.9SnSe4, Cu2.2Fe0.8SnSe4 and Cu2.2Zn0.2Fe0.6SnSe4. The identity and compositions for each specimen were established using a combination of Rietveld refinement and elemental analysis and indicate that all compositions are homogeneous with the stannite crystal structure. Excess Cu reduces the electrical resistivity, ρ, by an order of magnitude compared with Cu2FeSnSe4 with no significant degradation of the Seebeck coefficient, S. The energy band gaps were estimated from the high temperature S values and indicate that Cu2.1Fe0.9SnSe4 and Cu2.2Fe0.8SnSe4 possess narrow band gaps, 0.18 eV and 0.25 eV, respectively, as compared to most other quaternary chalcogenides. The power factor (PF = S2/ρ) increases with decreasing Fe content. Although Cu2.2Fe0.8SnSe4 possesses a smaller PF than that of Cu2.2Zn0.2Fe0.6SnSe4, a ZT of 0.45 was obtained at 750 K for Cu2.2Fe0.8SnSe4 due to its low thermal conductivity.
Determination of language dominance with near-infrared spectroscopy: comparison with the intracarotid amobarbital procedure.

Abstract Purpose : To determine the efficacy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in identifying the hemisphere associated with language by measuring changes in bilateral lateral inferior frontal blood flow during a word generation task in epilepsy surgery patients and healthy volunteers. Methods : Sixteen patients who underwent the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) and eight healthy right-handed/right-footed individuals were tested with NIRS during a word generation paradigm. Results : Increases in lateral inferior frontal total hemoglobin concentrations agreed with the IAP in 11 of 16 patients, including 2 of 3 with right hemisphere (atypical) speech dominance ( P =0.13). NIRS revealed increases in lateral inferior frontal total hemoglobin concentrations congruent with language dominance predicted by handedness/footedness in 18 of 24 subjects, including 100% of healthy right-handed subjects ( P =0.02). Conclusion : NIRS is a simple, non-invasive, safe modality for measuring cerebral blood flow. Further research and development of testing procedures and instrumentation are needed before routine implementation in pre-surgical testing.
Are individuals' familiarity judgments diagnostic of prior contact?

The extensive eyewitness memory research literature has been restricted to memory for strangers. Although it is often assumed that eyewitnesses are more accurate identifying familiar than unfamiliar individuals, little is known about whether individuals’ familiarity judgments are diagnostic of prior contact. Caucasian and Asian sophomores (N � 139) in two small private high schools viewed yearbook pictures of (a) graduated students from their school who were seniors (fourth year) when participants were freshmen (first year) (familiar) and (b) unfamiliar individuals, and responded whether each was ‘familiar’. The design was completely crossed; familiar faces at each school served as unfamiliar faces at the other school. Based on d? data, the cross-race effect resulted for familiarity judgments. Also, although individuals’ familiarity judgments were diagnostic of prior contact, accuracy was low (mean hit rate � 0.42; mean false alarm rate � 0.23), rendering an eyewitness’s report of having seen a perpetrator casually in the past of limited forensic value.
A discrete momentum-conserving explicit algorithm for rigid body dynamics analysis

A discrete momentum-conserving, explicit time integration is presented. The accurate feature and simplicity of the present algorithm are realized by a mid-point implicit formula for integrating the Euler parameters and a second-order discrete momentum-conserving form of the central difference algorithm, respectively. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by example problems which exhibit large overall rigid motions under holonomic constraints.
Expression of Vaccinia Virus K3L Protein in Yeast Inhibits Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Kinase GCN2 and the General Amino Acid Control Pathway*

Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) is a well characterized mechanism regulating protein synthesis. Viral and cellular proteins have been identified that regulate the activity of the eIF-2α kinases. The regulatory protein, K3L, from vaccinia virus is homologous to the amino terminus of eIF-2α and is thought to inhibit the activity of the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase suppressing the antiviral mechanism mediated by this kinase. We investigated whether K3L can inhibit the activity of the yeast eIF-2α kinase GCN2. Expression of K3L protein in yeast reduced the level of eIF-2α phosphorylation by GCN2 and blocked the stimulation of the general amino acid control pathway in response to starvation conditions. Accompanying in vitro studies showed that recombinant K3L protein reduced GCN2 autophosphorylation and phosphorylation eIF-2α. In agreement with the hypothesis that K3L inhibits eIF-2α kinases by functioning as a pseudosubstrate, we observed that K3L directly interacted with the kinase catalytic domain of GCN2. Together, these results indicate that K3L is a specific inhibitor of eIF-2α kinases from mammals and yeast and suggest that the kinases contain common structural features important for recognition of their substrate eIF-2α.
A goal tree based high-level test planning system for DSP real number models

This paper presents a high-level test planning system for validating DSP real number models. It uses a goal tree structure as a framework of test planning and documenting. The goal tree based test plans are linked to the test bench generator, which creates test benches for simulation. The simulation results are checked and fed back to the test plans and new test benches are created accordingly. A GUI-based integrated software system has been developed for test planning and test automation based on this methodology. To illustrate this methodology, this paper uses the Synthetic Aperture Radar system as a case study. Finally, completeness and effectiveness of the generated test set are evaluated using structural approaches. Results of test set compaction are also presented.
Numerical calculation of symmetric capacity of Rayleigh fading channel with BPSK/QPSK

In this letter, we develop a simple series representation for the symmetric capacity of a Rayleigh fading channel with BPSK/QPSK when perfect channel state information is available at the receiver. This series expansion provides a simple and numerically efficient way to calculate the capacity. We also note that the bounds on the capacity developed in the paper by Baccarelli and Fasano (2000) are loose under the cases considered in this letter.
Percutaneous balloon compression of trigeminal ganglion for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia : experience in 50 patients.

Objective We assessed the surgical results of percutaneous balloon compression in 50 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Fifty patients with follow-up period of more than 12 months were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 42 months (range, 12-82). The mean age was 65.8 years (range, 27-83). Seventeen patients (34%) had other previous surgical procedures. The balloon was inflated by injecting radio-contrast media under brief general anesthesia according to Mullan's technique. The mean inflating time was 88 seconds (range, 60-120). The whole procedure took about 20 minutes. Results We reported excellent and good results in 70% of the cases, poor in 6% as annoying dysesthesia, recurrence in 16%, and 8% failure due to technical deficiencies. Forty-six patients (92%) were initially relieved of their pain. There were permanent motor weakness of the masseter muscle in 4% of patients and transitory diplopia in 8%. Neither anesthesia dolorosa nor keratitis occurred. Almost all patients (92%) were discharged postoperatively within two days. Conclusion These results indicate that balloon compression would be an effective method with acceptable morbidity, technically, it can be performed rapidly and simply in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.
UPPER HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY (USA) FLOODPLAIN † CHANGE OVER THE 20TH CENTURY

Detailed surveys of the upper Hudson River Estuary and its floodplain from the early 1900s and digital mapping of the same areas today provide an opportunity to evaluate changes over the 20th century. This study uses a geographic information system to quantitatively compare water areas and islands mapped by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1907 and 1911 along an approximately 60‐km reach from Athens to Troy, NY, with the same features mapped in the late 20th century. The comparison shows a substantial decrease in total water area approximately 30% less than the 1907–1911 quantity, with secondary channels disproportionally affected (~70% less). The number and total area of islands has also dramatically decreased by approximately 65% and 85%, respectively. These changes primarily reflect the success of navigation improvement projects undertaken since the 19th century that transformed a shallow, island‐braided river in the study reach to one characterized by a deeper, single‐thread channel. Dredge spoils from the main channel were used to fill secondary channels and other backwater areas, a practice with implications for reproduction, growth and/or survival of native plants and animals. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximating fluid schedules in crossbar packet-switches and Banyan networks

We consider a problem motivated by the desire to provide flexible, rate-based, quality of service guarantees for packets sent over input queued switches and switch networks. Our focus is solving a type of online traffic scheduling problem, whose input at each time step is a set of desired traffic rates through the switch network. These traffic rates in general cannot be exactly achieved since they assume arbitrarily small fractions of packets can be transmitted at each time step. The goal of the traffic scheduling problem is to closely approximate the given sequence of traffic rates by a sequence of transmissions in which only whole packets are sent. We prove worst-case bounds on the additional buffer use, which we call backlog, that results from using such an approximation. We first consider the NtimesN, input queued, crossbar switch. Our main result is an online packet-scheduling algorithm using no speedup that guarantees backlog at most (N+1)2 /4 packets at each input port and each output port. Upper bounds on worst-case backlog have been proved for the case of constant fluid schedules, such as the N2-2N+2 bound of Chang, Chen, and Huang (INFOCOM, 2000). Our main result for the crossbar switch is the first, to our knowledge, to bound backlog in terms of switch size N for arbitrary, time-varying fluid schedules, without using speedup. Our main result for Banyan networks is an exact characterization of the speedup required to maintain bounded backlog, in terms of polytopes derived from the network topology
On arbitrary-level IIR and FIR filters

A recently published method for designing IIR (infinite-impulse-response) digital filters with multilevel magnitude responses is reinterpreted from a different viewpoint. On the basis of this interpretation, techniques for extending these results to the case of finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters are developed. An advantage of the authors' method is that, when the arbitrary-level filter is implemented, its power-complementary filter, which may be required in specific applications, is obtained simultaneously. Also, by means of a tuning factor (a parameter of the scaling matrix), it is possible to generate a whole family of arbitrary-level filters. >
Comparison of damage to native and exotic tallgrass prairie plants by natural enemies

We surveyed the prevalence and amount of leaf damage related to herbivory and pathogens on 12 pairs of exotic (invasive and noninvasive) and ecologically similar native plant species in tallgrass prairie to examine whether patterns of damage match predictions from the enemy release hypothesis. We also assessed whether natural enemy impacts differed in response to key environmental factors in tallgrass prairie by surveying the prevalence of rust on the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and its congeneric invasive exotic C4 grass, A. bladhii, in response to fire and nitrogen fertilization treatments. Overall, we found that the native species sustain 56.4% more overall leaf damage and 83.6% more herbivore-related leaf damage when compared to the exotic species. Moreover, we found that the invasive exotic species sustained less damage from enemies relative to their corresponding native species than the noninvasive exotic species. Finally, we found that burning and nitrogen fertilization both significantly increased the prevalence of rust fungi in the native grass, while rust fungi rarely occurred on the exotic grass. These results indicate that reduced damage from enemies may in part explain the successful naturalization of exotic species and the spread of invasive exotic species in tallgrass prairie.
Observation of a reflection from the base of a magma chamber in Long Valley Caldera, California

Abstract Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory deployed a small network of 14 three-component digital seismographs during August 1982 in the Mono Craters area, which is located just north of Long Valley caldera. The network recorded small earthquakes located to the south of Long Valley. One event shows a clear arrival between the P and S phases, which is interpreted as a reflected phase similar to that observed by other researchers in the Long Valley area. The reflected phase follows the P arrival by approximately 4.3 sec and has an apparent velocity of approximately 7.0 km/sec. Particle motions indicate that the reflection arrives at the surface as a P wave. Travel-time, amplitude, and particle motion modeling of the P , S , and reflected waves suggest that the reflected phase is best modeled as a P to P reflection from the base of a low-velocity layer. The layer is approximately 19 km thick and has a velocity contrast of 17 per cent with the basement rocks. The low-velocity layer extends to the lower crust and is floored with high-velocity (greater than 7.0 km/sec) material. A zone of partial granitic melt underlain by higher velocity basaltic rocks could account for the computed velocity structure.
Changes in electrical and mechanical activity during ontogeny of the canine proximal colon.

The ontogenetic development of the circular muscle layer of the canine proximal colon was studied in animals from midway through gestation to 30 days old. With age, there was an increase in resting...
Certain Nonspecific Reactions Obtained with Antigens Made prom Bacteria Grown on Serum Media

This phenomenon occurred so often that we were compelled to consider it of the greatest importance in all serologic studies depending on immune serum developed by the use of such antigens. We have been unable to find any direct reference to this factor's disturbing, as it may, comparative studies of organisms by agglutination, complement-fixation, and precipitation reactions of their immune sera. It has already been inferred that precipitation is a process analogous to agglutination, and the results of our investigations add support to such an assertion. Not alone this, but complement-fixation seems to compare with these in the curve of its development. Our object is to show the simultaneous development of nonspecific agglutinins, precipitins, and complement-fixing bodies by the injection of bacteria grown on serum agar.
Potentialities of human rights: Agamben and the narrative of fated necessity

Giorgio Agamben presents us with one of the most powerful and controversial criticisms of human rights. He contests conventional understandings of human rights as normative setbacks on sovereign power, and shows instead how these rights reinforce sovereignty by producing bare lives that are irredeemably exposed to violence. This essay aims to understand the distinctive aspects of Agamben's critique and assess his concluding call for a politics beyond human rights. It suggests that this call is necessitated by a counternarrative of Western politics that ties human rights inextricably to the logic Agamben ascribes to biopolitical sovereignty. Within this stringent logic, any politics organized around human rights cannot help but reproduce sovereign violence. The essay questions this counternarrative in two ways: First, it shows how this counternarrative, which aims to unveil all the myths that sustain sovereignty, ends up repeating what it identifies as the distinctive mythologizing gesture: rendering the contingent necessary. Second, it turns to Agamben's notion of ‘potentiality’ to break the binding spell of his narrative of fated necessity and reclaim the contingent, equivocal and unpredictable effects of modern rights declarations and struggles. The essay concludes with a discussion of contemporary rights struggles of sans-papiers to illustrate the strengths and limits of Agamben's critique of human rights.
Therapeutic Acrylates as Enhanced Medical Adhesives

Provided herein are therapeutic acrylate compounds useful as medical adhesives, comprising a therapeutic agent covalently linked to a methacrylate or cyanoacrylate moiety. Adhesive compositions and kits, such as liquid sutures and bone cement also are provided along with uses for the compositions.
Effect of Desoxycorticosterone on Plasma Volume in Intestinal Obstruction

ConclusionThe marked fall in plasma volume observed in dogs subjected to continuous distention of the small intestine is at least partly prevented by the intravenous administration of desoxycortico-sterone.
The hexose content of theα-chains of bone collagen

Les 3 chainesα du collagene de l'os de poulet ont ete isolees en combinant les techniques de filtration sur gel et d'electrophorese en veine libre. Des substances donnant une reaction d'anthrone positive, avec spectre d'absorption caracteristique des hexoses, ont ete mises en evidence dans ces 3 chaines. En utilisant le glucose comme standard, la determination des hexoses fournit une valeur de 12 moles d'hexoses par molecule de collagene.
Application of a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method on a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea area

In recent years, oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China. Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation. In this paper, a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples. The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane, n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test. It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory. They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil. The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character. The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation, but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.
Parameters Measurement and Analysis of the Grounding Lines for Southern Hami-Zhengzhou ±800 kV UHVDC Transmission Project

The power frequency parameters and frequency characteristic parameters of the Chenjia grounding lines of Southern Hami-Zhengzhou ±800 kV Converter are measured before the grounding lines are put into operation in order to provide a basis for calculating system stability and setting relay protection. According to the operation mode of the grounding lines, conclusions are drawn as follows: 1 Considering the skin effect, the measured AC resistance value for bipolar operation is slightly larger than the DC resistance value; 2For the impedance frequency characteristic of 47.5 and 52.5 Hz, the power frequency parameters are calculated by the weighted average method, and the results are very close to the frequency of 50 Hz measured imdepance values; 3 The frequency characteristics of zero sequence resistance rises with the increase in frequency due to the skin effect; 4The zero sequence inductance decreases slightly with the increase in frequency because the conductivity of the earth increases with ascending frequency; and 5The zero sequence capacitance keeps steady with frequency, and EMTP simulation verifies the trend.
The Puzzle of False Judgement in the Theaetetus

A puzzle about false judgement is raised in the Theaetetus (187d-200c), but not successfully answered there. On the proposed account, the confusion that explicitly vitiates Theaetetus’ final attempt to define knowledge is already at work implicitly in this puzzle. Theaetetus shares popular assumptions about knowledge ( epistēmē ), but also accepts that there are cognitive constraints on judgement ( doxa ): the puzzle arises because he fails to distinguish the one cognitive condition from the other.
Abstract 3993: Th1 cytokines regulate apoptotic cell death and HER family RTK expression in murine and human breast cancer lines

A recent neoadjuvant vaccine trial to treat early breast cancer demonstrated powerful induction of Th1 immunity against the HER-2, complete pathologic responses in over 18% of subjects, and for many subjects, evidence of down-regulated HER-2 expression on residual disease. To explain these observations, we investigated the action of archetypical Th1 cytokines (TNF-α + IFN-γ) on both murine and human breast cancer cell lines that varied in the surface expression of HER-family receptor tyrosine kinases. We found that most tumor cell lines were sensitive to dual Th1 cytokines as evidenced by lower metabolic activity (alamar blue assay), lower proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis (AnnexinV/PI staining and TUNEL assay) as well as a reversible inhibition of surface expression of HER proteins. Apoptotic cell death was accompanied by demonstrated increases in activated caspase-3. Furthermore, the pharmacologic caspase-3 activator, procaspase-activating compound (PAC-1), mimicked both the killing effects and HER-2 suppressive activities of Th1 cytokines, while the caspase 3/7 inhibitor ((5-[(S)-(+)-2-(Methoxymethyl)pyrrolidino]sulfonylisatin), prevented cytokine-induced HER-2 downregulation. These studies therefore demonstrated that many of the in vivo effects of vaccination (apparent tumor cell death and loss of HER-2 expression) could be replicated in vitro using only the principle Th1 cytokines. These findings are consistent with the notion that IFN-γ and TNF-α work in concert to mediate some of the biological effects of therapeutic Th1-polarizing vaccination through the induction of a caspase 3-dependent cellular death mechanism. Citation Format: Prachi M. Namjoshi, Lori Showalter, Brian Czerniecki, Gary K. Koski. Th1 cytokines regulate apoptotic cell death and HER family RTK expression in murine and human breast cancer lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3993.
Propionic Acidemia: Prognosis

The neurologic outcome of 20 patients with propionic acidemia was evaluated at the Medical Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, England.
Food Security and Policy

A popular question asked by consumers, the media, and politicians is whether the existing protein regimen can keep up with current rates of demand. But to answer this question assumes we know what those rates of demand are. As this chapter explains, this question is not settled terrain. It explores what it means to feed the world—does that assume, for example, feeding people healthily and sustainably? This inevitably gets us into issues of food security. But, more specifically, as this book is about alternatives to animal-derived proteins, this chapter looks to explore the question, “What do we mean when envisioning sustainable protein food futures?” To do this, the author empirically investigates such phenomena as trends in livestock agriculture, culturally shaped dietary patterns, and the global homogeneity of food supplies.
Innocuous warming enhances peripheral serotonergic itch signaling and evokes enhanced responses in serotonin-responsive dorsal horn neurons in the mouse.

Skin warming often exacerbates itch in patients with itchy dermatitis. We demonstrate that warming the skin enhanced serotonin-evoked, but not histamine-evoked, itch behavior and responses of senso...
Frequency of non-right-handedness in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Increased non-right-handedness (NRH) probably reflects neurodevelopmental abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Past studies of NRH have focused more on schizophrenia (SZ) than bipolar disorder (BPD). We report results on NRH in two large studies. In (1), NRH was compared among BPD patients with psychosis, SZ patients, and healthy controls (HC). NRH was elevated in BPD with psychosis and SZ patients relative to HC, but not SZ relative to BPD. In (2), NRH was compared between BPD patients with and without psychosis. NRH was similarly elevated in both. The findings suggest that NRH may reflect shared brain anomalies in SZ and BPD.
Molecular dynamics study on friction of polycrystalline graphene

Abstract Graphene, as a one-atom thick 2-dimensional material, is an ideal solid lubricant for small length scale devices such as NEMS/MEMS (nano/micro-electro-mechanical systems) and is often synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). While CVD-grown graphene consists of a large number of randomly-oriented grains, the effects of this polycrystalline structure on graphene friction still remain far from completely understood. In this study, we investigate the tribological properties of the multigrain structure against a pristine (defect-free single-crystal) graphene surface using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations presented here test the friction of multiple such configurations created by a novel method mimicking the natural growth of grains in two dimensions. The simulation results reveal that most multigrain configurations exhibit persistent negligible friction without transiting to high friction states. However, there also exist several configurations having relatively large friction forces compared with those from perfectly-aligned single-crystal graphene interactions. A systematic analysis of the independent effects of the grain orientation and grain boundary explains these observations. In particular, it is found that there exists a critical range in the misalignment angle of grain (0.3–1.5°, to the pristine surface) where the shear stress (friction force per unit area) is two or three times larger than the perfectly-aligned grain. Thus, configurations which contain grains with a small misalignment angle in this critical range exhibit large friction forces, despite their substantially smaller grain area. Moreover, for those configurations where all grains have misalignment angles greater than the critical angle, grain boundaries act as the primary source of friction.
Sample exchange by beam scanning with applications to noncollinear pump–probe spectroscopy at kilohertz repetition rates

In laser spectroscopy, high photon flux can perturb the sample away from thermal equilibrium, altering its spectroscopic properties. Here, we describe an optical beam scanning apparatus that minimizes repetitive sample excitation while providing shot-to-shot sample exchange for samples such as cryostats, films, and air-tight cuvettes. In this apparatus, the beam crossing point is moved within the focal plane inside the sample by scanning both tilt angles of a flat mirror. A space-filling spiral scan pattern was designed that efficiently utilizes the sample area and mirror scanning bandwidth. Scanning beams along a spiral path is shown to increase the average number of laser shots that can be sampled before a spot on the sample cell is resampled by the laser to ∼1700 (out of the maximum possible 2500 for the sample area and laser spot size) while ensuring minimal shot-to-shot spatial overlap. Both an all-refractive version and an all-reflective version of the apparatus are demonstrated. The beam scanning apparatus does not measurably alter the time delay (less than the 0.4 fs measurement uncertainty), the laser focal spot size (less than the 2 μm measurement uncertainty), or the beam overlap (less than the 3.3% measurement uncertainty), leading to pump-probe and autocorrelation signal transients that accurately characterize the equilibrium sample.
A wideband, high-gain, CPW-fed, circularly-polarized, l-shaped slot antenna array

A single-fed, wideband, circularly-polarized (CP), 2 × 2 antenna array is presented. The array feed design is based on the sequential rotation feeding technique. A compact, wideband, CP coplanar waveguide (CPW) slot antenna is proposed as each of the array elements. It is shown that the proposed antenna performance is significantly enhanced when it is placed in the array arrangement. The impedance bandwidth of the array is 66.7% (from 1.5 GHz to 3 GHz) and its axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 53.2% (from 1.7 GHz to 2.95 GHz) for AR < 3 dB. The antenna array has a stable radiation pattern and a gain of greater than 6 dBi over the entire CP frequency band. The overall size of the antenna array is 170 mm × 170 mm.
Spatializing Emotion: No Evidence for a Domain-General Magnitude System

People implicitly associate different emotions with different locations in left-right space. Which aspects of emotion do they spatialize, and why? Across many studies people spatialize emotional valence, mapping positive emotions onto their dominant side of space and negative emotions onto their non-dominant side, consistent with theories of metaphorical mental representation. Yet other results suggest a conflicting mapping of emotional intensity (a.k.a., emotional magnitude), according to which people associate more intense emotions with the right and less intense emotions with the left - regardless of their valence; this pattern has been interpreted as support for a domain-general system for representing magnitudes. To resolve the apparent contradiction between these mappings, we first tested whether people implicitly map either valence or intensity onto left-right space, depending on which dimension of emotion they attend to (Experiments 1a, b). When asked to judge emotional valence, participants showed the predicted valence mapping. However, when asked to judge emotional intensity, participants showed no systematic intensity mapping. We then tested an alternative explanation of findings previously interpreted as evidence for an intensity mapping (Experiments 2a, b). These results suggest that previous findings may reflect a left-right mapping of spatial magnitude (i.e., the size of a salient feature of the stimuli) rather than emotion. People implicitly spatialize emotional valence, but, at present, there is no clear evidence for an implicit lateral mapping of emotional intensity. These findings support metaphor theory and challenge the proposal that mental magnitudes are represented by a domain-general metric that extends to the domain of emotion.
Latina Mobilization: A Strategy for Increasing the Political Participation of Latino Families

The Second-Wave feminists attempted to create a clear path for female political leaders. Caucasian women clearly benefited most substantially from the movement, and African American women have made some progress, particularly at the state level. In this chapter, Christina E. Bejarano and Valerie Martinez-Ebers expose the perceived disparate impact among the Latina community in which visible female political leaders are extremely rare, and the vast majority of Latinos are unable to name even a single important Latina political leader. Bejarano and Martinez-Ebers contend that Second-Wave Feminism did, in fact, impact Latinas, but the efforts of Latinas in the movement have not been well documented or publicized by scholars or the media. Rather, their successes have been overshadowed by their male counterparts. Bejarano and Martinez-Ebers demonstrate how Latinas’ increased community participation provides them with stronger civic skills and stronger ties to their community/institutions, which, in turn, can also be linked to their higher political participation levels and high success rates as political candidates. In an effort to see the broad legacy of Second-Wave Feminism, Bejarano and Martinez-Ebers claim that it is critical to recover this history of Latina activism and to focus on Latinas as catalysts of political change, since women are perceived to be the key to mobilizing Latino families and communities.
Higher dietary inflammation is associated with increased odds of depression independent of Framingham Risk Score in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may increase depression risk. Risk for future CVD, which can be estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and depression risk are both linked to systemic inflammation. Dietary consumption of proinflammatory food can be measured using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score. We examined the potential impact of DII on depression and whether this effect is independent of FRS. We hypothesized that (1) both FRS and DII would be associated with depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10) and (2) associations between DII and depressive symptoms (continuous) would be mediated by FRS. Data were included from adults without CVD who were participants of the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 11 624). Using logistic regression, we tested cross-sectional associations of FRS, DII (adjusting for FRS), and joint effects of FRS and DII with depression. Finally, using the Sobel method, we tested whether FRS mediates the relationship between DII and depressive symptoms. Individuals with FRS or DII scores in the top 2 quartiles had higher odds of depressive symptoms than those in the bottom quartile. The association of DII with depressive symptoms remained after FRS adjustment. The joint effects of elevated DII and FRS were additive. There was no evidence for mediation by FRS between DII and depressive symptoms. Thus, higher DII remained associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms net CVD risk. Collectively, the joint effects of CVD risk and DII indicate that a proinflammatory diet could add to risk for depressive symptoms even in those with a high FRS.