cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L’aventure filmologique : documents et jalons d’une histoire institutionnelle

C’est un decret du 28 octobre 1950 qui cree officiellement l’Institut de filmologie au sein de la Sorbonne, meme si, officieusement, les activites de l’Institut — notamment les cours en Sorbonne — remontent a 1948. Le decret de sa fermeture officielle parait en juin 1963. Que se passe-t-il entre ces deux dates ? Comment nait le premier diplome universitaire francais en etudes cinematographiques et quelles sont les conditions de la fermeture de l’Institut pres de quinze ans plus tard ? Cet article, fonde sur des documents d’archives, examine l’etonnante histoire institutionnelle, politique et meme « secrete » de l’Institut de filmologie et le role qu’y joua son fondateur et principal acteur, Gilbert Cohen-Seat.
Noise-resilient synchrony of AC microgrids

This paper proposes distributed noise resilient techniques for the secondary voltage and frequency control of AC microgrids. The effect of noise in reference signal on the synchronization process is studied. The same communication topology for the secondary control is adopted to implement noiseresilient algorithms. The efficacy of the consensus filters and distributed least mean-square algorithm for an islanded microgrid test system under additive noise in reference signal is evaluated.
Drug-S-acyl-glutathione thioesters: synthesis, bioanalytical properties, chemical reactivity, biological formation and degradation

Carboxylic acid-containing drugs can be metabolized to chemically-reactive acyl glucuronide, S-acyl-CoA thioester, and/or intermediate acyl-adenylate metabolites that are capable of transacylating the cysteinyl-thiol of glutathione (GSH) resulting in the formation of drug-S-acyl-GSH thioesters detected in-vivo in bile and in-vitro in hepatocytes. Authentic S-acyl-GSH thioesters of carboxylic acids can be readily synthesized by modifying the cysteinyl-thiol group of GSH with an applicable acylating reagent. Bionanalytical characterization of S-acyl-GSH derivatives has demonstrated enhanced extraction efficiency from biological samples when formic acid is included in appropriate extraction solvents, and that tandem mass spectrometry of S-acyl-GSH conjugates results in fragmentation producing a common MH+-147 Da product ion. Chemical reactivity comparisons have shown that S-acyl-CoA thioester and acyl-adenylate conjugates are more reactive than their corresponding 1-β-O-acyl glucuronides toward the transacylation of GSH forming S-acyl-GSH thioesters. S-Acyl-GSH thioester derivatives are also chemically-reactive electrophiles capable of transacylating biological nucleophiles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) weakly catalyze S-acyl-GSH conjugate formation from S-acyl-CoA, acyl-adenylate, and 1-β-O-acyl glucuronide substrates; however purified-GSTs have also been shown to hydrolyze S-acyl-GSH thioesters. Mechanistic in vitro studies in hepatocytes have revealed the primary importance of the S-acyl-CoA formation pathway leading to S-acyl-GSH-adduct formation. In addition to being hydrolytically-unstable in hepatocytes and plasma, S-acyl-GSH thioesters undergo γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-mediated cleavage of the γ-glutamyl-group leading to N-acyl-cysteinylglycine amide-linked products. In summary, S-acyl GSH thioesters are indicators of reactive transacylating metabolite formation produced from the biotransformation of carboxylic acids, but since they are also chemically-reactive, perhaps these derivatives can contribute to covalent binding to tissue proteins and potential toxicity.
P2X7-mediated chemoprevention of epithelial cancers

Background: Anti-apoptotic mechanisms contribute to the development of cancer. The purinergic ligand-gated ion channel receptor P2X7 system is an important pro-apoptosis modulator in epithelial cells, and augmentation of P2X7-mediated apoptosis has been proposed as a novel pharmacological modality for chemoprevention and treatment of epithelial cancers. Objective: This review focuses on the progress towards clinical application of therapies that directly modulate P2X7-mediated apoptosis. This paper reviews and discusses P2X7-mediated apoptosis in the context of prevention and growth-control of epithelial cancer cells, and summarizes recent data in the mouse skin model in vivo. Methods: Data for this review were identified from the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Summary/conclusions: The growing understanding of mechanisms of P2X7-mediated apoptosis has generated a novel strategy for targeting directly and specifically skin neoplasia. The data link directly, for the first time, upregulation of apoptosis with...
Analytic properties of npoint loops in perturbation theory

It is shown that simple perturbation graphs consisting of closedn- vertex loops have only the singularities possessed by reduced loops, obtained by ≪ fusing ≫ two or more of the vertices and omitting the internal lines which join them. The theorem holds providingn ⩾ 6.
Modern x-ray sources based on university-scale 1 MA z-pinch generators

A summary of recent developments of modern x-ray sources based on university-scale 1 MA z-pinch generators is given. Wire array z-pinches are a powerful x-ray source that was found during the last decade to be promising for inertial confinement fusion and radiation physics. Applications of novel and traditional wire-array configurations, such as X-pinches, planar and compact cylindrical wire arrays, to high energy density science are observed and analyzed. After a general introduction to wire array sources, new results are discussed along with numerous experiments.
Amerikas Einschätzung der deutschen Atomforschung: Das deutsche Uranprojekt

Die amerikanischen Wissenschaftler und ihre emigrierten Kollegen, die am Bau der Atombombe beteiligt waren, verfugten uber sehr widerspruchliche und grosteils falsche Informationen uber den Fortschritt des deutschen Uranprogramms. Noch nach Kriegsende lasst sich dies an Aussagen des Leiters der amerikanischen Alsos-Mission, Samuel Goudsmit, festmachen. Tatsachlich war das deutsche Programm hinsichtlich seiner wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und des Managements nicht so unterlegen, wie vielfach behauptet wurde. Aber die deutschen Behorden waren nicht in der Lage, Geld und Ressourcen in gleichem Mase in das Uranprojekt zu investieren, wie etwa in das Peenemunder Raketenprojekt.
Susceptibility of channel catfish, blue catfish and channel × blue catfish hybrid to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Abstract Information on the infectivity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), a severe fish parasite that causes high mortality, is limited for blue catfish ( Ictalurus furcatus ) and catfish hybrids (CB hybrid) resulting from female channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) × male blue catfish crosses. The objective of this study was to compare channel catfish, blue catfish and CB hybrids on the infection level and fish mortality caused by Ich using a cohabitation model. To compare the susceptibility to Ich between channel and blue catfish, fish were exposed to 5000 or 10000 theronts per fish, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the infection levels and mortalities between channel catfish and blue catfish. Channel catfish showed an infection score of 2.9 and blue catfish of 2.7 when infected by theronts at 10,000 theronts per fish. The cumulative mortalities were 86.3% and 80.6 %, respectively for channel catfish and blue catfish when exposed to theronts at 5000 theronts per fish. To compare the susceptibility to Ich between channel catfish and CB hybrid, fish were infected by cohabiting with 1 or 3 Ich-infected fish or exposure to Ich theronts at 2500–10,000 theronts per fish. Channel catfish and CB hybrid showed similar infection levels of > 150 trophonts/fish and infection duration of 7–8 days when cohabited with 1 or 3 Ich-infected fish. All channel catfish and CB hybrid exposed to theronts at the dose of 10,000 theronts/fish showed heavy infection of > 150 trophonts/fish. The cumulative mortalities were 90% and 80% for channel catfish and CB hybrid after exposure to 2500 theronts per fish. No statistical difference was found in the infection levels and mortalities using two infection methods between channel catfish and CB hybrid. Overall results indicated that CB hybrid were as susceptible to Ich as channel catfish or blue catfish.
Vulnerability of Channel Catfish to Largemouth Bass Predation

(1973). Vulnerability of Channel Catfish to Largemouth Bass Predation. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 173-175.
Why does terrorism terrorize

Abstract Attempting to lay bare the psychological roots of terrorism, the author alludes to the views of such rebels against the status quo as Marx, Engels, Bakunin, and Kropotkin and examines in greater detail the myths and beliefs current in ancient times, in the Middle Ages, and even in the modern period that were instrumental in instilling fear and terror into the minds of men. It is held, for instance, that such countercultures and aberrations as the drug culture, the Weathermen, the Manson Family, and the Symbionese Liberation Army seem to be clear manifestations of the excitement and fear that assault individuals in the name of political ideals. The author offers a “model of terroristic resonance,” based on the public perception of a terrorist as being uncaring, vengeance‐oriented, and single‐minded in his aggressivity; also perceived in terrorists is a sense of randomness and unpredictability, infusing in their victims an extreme anxiety and an awesome sense of the uncanny, the effect of which may...
Theoretical investigation of the precipitation of δ' in Al-Li

This paper contains the results of a theoretical investigation of the equilibrium between a disordered fee solution and an Ll2 phase in a model binary alloy and the transformation paths that may be followed when the disordered phase is quenched into the two-phase field. The results are specifically applied to binary Al-Li alloys, in which case the ordered phase is the metastable Al3Li(δ') phase that precipitates from the disordered solid solution (α). The thermodynamic model assumes that the atoms interact in pairs with an interaction potential that is independent of the temperature and composition, and uses the “mean field approximation” for the entropy of mixing. The assumptions confine its applicability to temperatures well below the ordering temperature of the Ll2 phase. The model is used to compute the two-phase field that separates the disordered solution and the Ll2 phase. For the specific case of Al-Li, it provides results that fit the available experimental data and offer a simple explanation for the observed deviation from stoichiometry of the δ' phase. The model predicts that the disordered solution orders congruently on quenching, but is then unstable with respect to decom-position by a spinodal mechanism that leads ultimately to a state of ordered Ll2 precipitates in a disordered matrix. The results provide plausible interpretations for the transformations observed in quenched Al-Li alloys.
Orbital trauma, bradycardia, and vomiting: trapdoor fracture and the oculocardiac reflex: a case report

The presentation of vomiting and bradycardia after closed head trauma should invariably prompt concern for significant intracranial injury, yet other less common causes for the clinical picture do exist. This case reports one such scenario in which fracture to the patient's inferior orbital wall resulted in the rare though potentially life-threatening oculocardiac reflex, a vagally mediated phenomenon with possible respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastric motility effects.
Radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone in hypercalcemic patients with malignant disease.

Abstract Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration was determined in 108 unselected hypercalcemic patients with malignant disease utilizing a sensitive radioimmunoassay system that is specific for the COOH-terminal region of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) molecule. In 103 (95.3 per cent) of these patients, serum iPTH concentration was abnormal for the concomitant serum calcium level. In the 48 patients in this series with clinically evident skeletal metastasis or bone marrow involvement, serum iPTH values were similar to those in the other patients. These results do not support a recent suggestion that ectopic production, by malignant tissue, of a non-PTH osteolytic substance is at least as common as ectopic production of PTH in hypercalcemic patients with cancer. Rather, ectopic hyperparathyroidism seems to be present in the overwhelming majority of hypercalcemic patients with cancer even when clinically evident bone metastasis is present. Also, the radioimmunoassay system used in this study was of practical help in differentiating ectopic from primary hyperparathyroidism. On the basis of a lower serum iPTH value for a given serum calcium increase, ectopic hyperparathyroidism could be separated from primary hyperparathyroidism with an overlap of the two groups of 7.7 per cent.
Real-time updates of meta-analyses of HIV treatments supported by a biomedical ontology.

Meta-analyses involve a systematic statistical explanation of available evidence and are a commonly used systematic reviewing strategy for addressing health related scientific research. Publication biases often delay reporting of meta-analyses and subsequent policy making. Ontologies have the capacity to provide real time meta-analyses that can reduce publication delay. The purpose of this study was to describe the meta-analytic process of a recently revised ontology. Three recently published meta-analyses were replicated using an ontology that extracts appropriate statistical “tags” from the originally reviewed published manuscripts. The ontology was able to closely represent the findings of the original meta-analysis including funnel, forest, and summary statistics. The use of an ontology could improve the speed in which meta-analytic publications occur as well as potentially standardizing the required elements within a randomized controlled trial. The findings in this study demonstrate similar ontologi...
Noncommutative solitons and intersecting D-branes

We construct intersecting D-branes as noncommutative solitons in bosonic and type II string theory. ``Defect'' branes, which are D-branes containing bubbles of the closed string vacuum, play an important role in the construction.
Effect of HIP process on the micro-structural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy

Abstract A nickel-based superalloy (GTD-111 equivalent) with a directionally solidified grain structure designed for land-based gas turbines has been investigated using a hot isostatic press (HIP) with respect to the rejuvenation of degraded microstructure after a long-term operation. The invest-cast and heat-treated superalloy was intentionally degraded in an electrical furnace for simulation of the service operation, and treated in a HIP at 1190 °C and 120 MPa for 4 h. Four different HIP processes differentiated from each other whether the pressure was applied on heating and/or on cooling were tested. This work focused on the evolution of the microstructure and chemical composition in the dendrite core after the HIP treatment. From the experimental observations, the effect of the pressure on these micro-structural and compositional evolutions was considered in two ways: the retarded diffusion of the alloying elements under high pressure and the volume difference between γ′ precipitates and the γ matrix.
NO and O3 measurements in the lower stratosphere from a U-2 aircraft

In situ measurements of nitric oxide and ozone were carried out at altitudes up to 21 km during two flights of a U-2 aircraft on Dec. 6 and 18, 1973, over the west coast of the United States. A chemiluminescent detector based on the luminescent reaction of nitric acid with excess ozone was used in nitric acid measurements. Ozone concentration measurements were based on the absorption of the Hg line at 2,537 A in the Hartley continuum. The results are compared with available data.
Tube feeding: Intestinal factors in gastric loading

An experiment was performed to measure stomach retention as a function of stomach load in 60 female albino rats. Each group (N = 10) was loaded with 5, 12, or 25 ml of either isotonic saline or Metrecal. It was found that stomach retention was equal to stomach load only in the 5 ml condition. When greater loads were used, an increasing proportion of the loads passed into the intestine. Intestinal factors in the short term regulation of eating are stressed.
Sex Differences in Attitudes toward Arithmetic-Mathematics from Early Elementary School to College Levels

Summary Cross-sectional samples of Ss in grades 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and college (N = 1974 for total sample) were given Dutton's scale on attitudes toward arithmetic, with “mathematics” substituted for older Ss. Unweighted means ANOVA yielded highly significant Fs for sex and grade, and an almost significant interaction between them. Females had significantly poorer attitudes than males from grade 9 on, consonant with findings on better math reasoning among males past 13. However, favorable attitudes showed consistent decline among both sexes from grade 2 to college. Significant intrasex differences occurred between grades 7 and 9 for females, but not for males. Discussion of results is integrated with earlier findings, sex-role theory, and need for remediation of female attitudes.
Teaching CAD to microwave students

A description is given of a graduate course on computer-aided microwave circuit design, which was added to the electromagnetics/microwaves curriculum at the University of Colorado in 1984. The three important components of this course are: lectures on microstrip circuit design, the use of CAD software with an open source code, and an experimental term project. Motivations for introducing such a course, the course organization philosophy, and the detailed course contents are discussed. It is recommended that such a course be considered to be included as part of the curriculum of other institutions also. >
The Role of Glutamine and Other Alternate Substrates as Energy Sources in the Fetal Rat Lung Type II Cell

Glucose has been thought to be the primary substrate for energy metabolism in the developing lung; however, alternate substrates are used for energy metabolism in other organs. To examine the role of alternate substrates in the lung, we measured rates of oxidation of glutamine, glucose, lactate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate in type II pneumocytes isolated from d 19 fetal rat lungs by measuring the production of 14CO2 from labeled substrates. Glutamine had a rate of 24.36 +/- 4.51 nmol 14CO2 produced/ h/mg of protein (mean +/- SEM), whereas lactate had a significantly higher rate, 40.29 +/- 4.42. 3-Hydroxybutyrate had a rate of 14.91 +/- 1.93. The rate of glucose oxidation was 2.13 +/- 0.36, significantly lower than that of glutamine. To examine the interactions of substrates normally found in the intracellular milieu, we measured the effect of unlabeled substrates as competitors on labeled substrate. This identifies multiple metabolic compartments of energy metabolism. Glucose, but not lactate, inhibited the oxidation of glutamine, suggesting a compartmentation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, rather than simple dilution by glucose. Glucose and lactate had reciprocal inhibition. Our data suggest at least two separate compartments in the type II cells for substrate oxidation, one for glutamine metabolism and a second for glucose metabolism. In summary, we have documented that glutamine and other alternate substrates are oxidized preferentially over glucose for energy metabolism in the d 19 fetal rat lung type II pneumocyte. In addition, we have delineated some of the compartmentation that occurs within the developing type II cell, which may determine how these substrates are used.
Biota−Sediment Accumulation Factors for Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Dibenzofurans in Southern Lake Michigan Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

A set of high-quality, age-specific biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have been determined from concentrations measured with high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, by use of the 13C isotopic dilution technique, in lake trout and surficial (0-2 cm) sediment samples from southern Lake Michigan. BSAFs ranged from <0.1 to 18 for PCBs and from <0.001 to 0.32 for PCDDs and PCDFs detected in the fish. PCBs with zero or one chlorine in an ortho position had smaller BSAFs than other PCBs. PCDDs and PCDFs with chlorines at the 2,3,7,8-positions had larger BSAFs than most other PCDDs and PCDFs. The fidelity of the relative bioaccumulation potential data between independent lake trout samples, within and among age classes, suggests that differences in slight rates of net metabolism in the food chain are important and contribute to the apparent differences in BSAFs, not only for PCDDs and PCDFs but also possibly for some PCBs. A complicating factor for non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs is the uncertain contribution of enhanced affinity for black carbon (and possibly volatility) acting in concert with metabolism to reduce measured BSAFs for lake trout. On the basis of the association between chemicals with apparent slight rates of metabolism and measured dioxin-like toxicity, several PCDFs with similar measured BSAFs but unknown toxicity may be candidates for toxicity testing.
Crystal structure of Escherichia coli CusC, the outer membrane component of a heavy metal efflux pump.

Background While copper has essential functions as an enzymatic co-factor, excess copper ions are toxic for cells, necessitating mechanisms for regulating its levels. The cusCBFA operon of E. coli encodes a four-component efflux pump dedicated to the extrusion of Cu(I) and Ag(I) ions. Methodology/Principal Findings We have solved the X-ray crystal structure of CusC, the outer membrane component of the Cus heavy metal efflux pump, to 2.3 A resolution. The structure has the largest extracellular opening of any outer membrane factor (OMF) protein and suggests, for the first time, the presence of a tri-acylated N-terminal lipid anchor. Conclusions/Significance The CusC protein does not have any obvious features that would make it specific for metal ions, suggesting that the narrow substrate specificity of the pump is provided by other components of the pump, most likely by the inner membrane component CusA.
Temperature Distribution of the Moon

Lunar surface temperature distribution measured by IR pyrometer, predicting temperature rise due to Lunar Excursion Module landing
Reactive silica: XVII. The nature of the reaction center

Abstract All of the various experimental data concerning the properties of reactive silica (RS) were reexamined and reevaluated. The assignments of two bands of surface silane species appearing in infrared spectra of RS were found to be wrong and had to be revised. Although none of the assignments of other bands of surface species were affected, this revision, along with certain unsatisfactory features concerning the activation mechanism and RS reactivity, made the model of the RS center untenable. That center was a dual one, incorporating two spatially separated silicons, each of which acted as a reaction site. The reaction site now proposed is also a dual one, as demanded by the various data, but is a single silicon which acts as the dual site. The entire RS center consists of two 6-membered rings, each consisting of three siloxane bridges, joined at and incorporating the dual-site silicon. The latter is in octahedral rather than the usual tetrahedral configuration. The new model is consistent with all experimental observations concerning the formation and reactions of RS.
Bioavailability of aminosalicylic acid and its various salts in humans IV: Comparison of four brands of the sodium salt

The relative bioavailability of four commercially available brands of the sodium salt of aminosalicylic acid was investigated in a crossover study with healthy volunteers. The estimation of bioavailability was based on comparison of areas under the plasma drug concentration—time curves and on cumulative excretion of aminosalicylate as well as its metabolites in urine, following a single dose of the drug. The total absorption of all products was similar, 86–90% of the dose being recovered in the urine during 24 hr. The fraction of dose available as the biologically active form of nonmetabolized aminosalicylate was significantly higher for one product. This difference, however, was probably due to the higher dose of this brand studied compared to the other brands (4.0 and 2.9 g as the free acid, respectively), since the main metabolic route, conjugation to N-acetyl-p-aminosalicylic acid, is known to be dose dependent and capacity limited. There were no significant differences in the bioavailability of the other three brands studied.
Improving Stability Margins via Time Delay Control

While time delays typically lead to poor control performance, and even instability, previous research has shown that introduction of time delays in controlling a dynamic system can, in some cases, be beneficial. This paper presents a new benefit of time delay control for single-input single-output linear time invariant systems: it can be used to improve robustness, as measured by increased stability margins. The proposed method utilizes time delays to approximate state-derivative feedback, which can be used, together with state feedback, to reduce sensitivity and improve robustness. Additional sensors are not required since the state-derivatives are approximated using available measurements and time delays. The method is introduced using a scalar example, then applied to a single degree-of-freedom mechanical vibration control problem in simulations to demonstrate excellent performance with improved stability margins.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Work satisfaction, intent to stay, desires of nurses, and financial knowledge among bedside and advanced practice nurses.

Objective:To better understand factors that may contribute to retention of experienced nurses, a study examined differences and relationships among work satisfaction, intent to stay in the nursing profession, and financial knowledge of retirement consequences related to income between clinical bedsi
A formula for the mass density of a vibrating string in terms of the trace

On considere l'equation d'une corde vibrante u″+λρu=0 sur 0≤x≤1 avec u(0)=u(1)=0. ρ est positif et possede une derivee premiere continue et une derivee seconde dans L 2 . La fonction ρ peut etre obtenue par la formule: ρ=d 2 tr/dx 2 +2/x dtr/dx ou tr(x)=Σ(λ k (x)) −1 . Cette formule montre que ρ est determine par les valeurs propres et leur vitesse de changement
Controlling stochastic growth processes on lattices: Wildfire management with robotic fire extinguishers

Forest fires continue to cause considerable social and economic damage. Fortunately, the emergence of new robotics technologies, including capable autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, may help improve wildfire management in the near future. In this paper, we characterize the number of vehicles required to combat wildfires, using a percolation-theoretic analysis that originated in the mathematical physics community. We model the wildfire as a stochastic growth process on a square lattice, where the local growth probabilities depend on the presence of robotic fire-extinguishing vehicles. We develop two control policies: First treats only a fraction of burning nodes at a given time, and the second treats burning nodes only at finite time intervals. We characterize the conditions under which these policies can stabilize a wildfire, i.e., ensure the fire stops eventually almost surely. We also provide computational results which demonstrate our theoretical analysis.
Old wine in new bottles

The matrix model as described by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue, pp. 1033-1054) is presented as an alternative to the Boulder model of training. In fact, it appears to be a reconceptualization of clinical psychology, and this newer vision of the field might best be implemented within a Boulder model format. The extensive requirements that are developed would best be approached through changes in postdoctoral rather than doctoral education. Interestingly, professional schools, despite being disparaged, may be the most likely place for this model to take root.
Application of pyrolytic gas chromatography to natural waters

Abstract Some results are presented from application of a direct pyrographic characterization method to natural waters from several localities in the western United States. Differences were observed in the numbers and intensities of peaks in the pyrolytic spectra. Investigations are underway to develop the technique for use in characterizing the organic matter in natural waters.
Immunologic detection of protein antigens after phenol-chloroform denaturation

The study of gene expression in cells and tissues often begins with phenol-chloroform extraction of the biologic material of interest for the isolation of intact mRNA. In most cases, the proteins denatured by phenol-chloroform are discarded. However, we found that the proteins recovered from phenol-chloroform extractions maintain their antigenicity. Therefore a method was developed for recovering the proteins from phenol-chloroform-denatured extracts that could be saved in lyophilized form until immunologic analysis. In this way, the RNA and the protein analysis can utilize exactly the same sample, and the biologic material can be saved. This is important because often these materials are available only in limited quantities. The method has been used to examine the sea urchin ets-related antigen and sea urchin ets-2 mRNA.
Team-based Learning: the importance of attendance

Using a quasi-experimental design, the authors examined student performance (i.e., exam scores) in a traditional, lecture-based course (n = 43) and a team-based learning (TBL) course (n = 47). Stud...
On the dynamics of a human body model.

Equations of motion for a model of the human body are developed. Basically, the model consists of an elliptical cylinder representing the torso, together with a system of frustrums of elliptical cones representing the limbs. They are connected to the main body and each other by hinges and ball and socket joints. Vector, tensor, and matrix methods provide a systematic organization of the geometry. The equations of motion are developed from the principles of classical mechanics. The solution of these equations then provide the displacement and rotation of the main body when the external forces and relative limb motions are specified. Three simple example motions are studied to illustrate the method. The first is an analysis and comparison of simple lifting on the earth and the moon. The second is an elementary approach to underwater swimming, including both viscous and inertia effects. The third is an analysis of kicking motion and its effect upon a vertically suspended man such as a parachutist.
Comparison of Absorptiometric Evaluations from Total-Body and Local-Region Skeletal Scans

Abstract The most common measurement sites for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in clinical practice are the posteroanterior (PA) spine and femur. However, other skeletal regions may provide different bone density information. The purpose of this study was to establish the least number of DXA measurements needed to obtain complete information about bone status. A total of 262 normal female subjects, ages 8–50, were measured on a Lunar DPX-L scanner under total body, PA spine, lateral spine, and femur protocol. Forearm measurements were performed with a Lunar SP2 single-photon absorptiometry scanner. The various measurements were compared based on a linear regression model. The correlation coefficients for bone mineral density (BMD) between adjacent vertebrae were 0.92–0.95, and the associated standard errors of the estimate (SEE) were 4.5–5.5%. Total-body BMD can best predict BMD of the trunk, arms, and legs (SEE 13.9%). BMD values of the leg from total-body scans predict those from the femoral neck with an error of 9.0%, and those of the trochanteric region with 11.1%. If the error between adjacent vertebrae (6%) is considered acceptable, then a total-body measurement combined with a lateral view of the spine and a femur scan are adequate.
MurJ is the flippase of lipid-linked precursors for peptidoglycan biogenesis

Peptidoglycan (PG) is a polysaccharide matrix that protects bacteria from osmotic lysis. Inhibition of its biogenesis is a proven strategy for killing bacteria with antibiotics. The assembly of PG requires disaccharide-pentapeptide building blocks attached to a polyisoprene lipid carrier called lipid II. Although the stages of lipid II synthesis are known, the identity of the essential flippase that translocates it across the cytoplasmic membrane for PG polymerization is unclear. We developed an assay for lipid II flippase activity and used a chemical genetic strategy to rapidly and specifically block flippase function. We combined these approaches to demonstrate that MurJ is the lipid II flippase in Escherichia coli.
Evaluation of Four Methods for Estimating Breath-by-Breath Exchange of O2 and CO2

Four methods which have been used to estimate breath-by-breath gas exchange during spontaneous breathing were compared in vivo and in vitro. The first method estimates net gas exchange by taking the difference between the inspired volume and expired volume of the gas. The second and third methods correct the first estimate by accounting for the intracycle difference between the total inspired volume and total expired volume. The fourth method not only corrects the first estimate for inspired and expired volume differences but also corrects for storage of the gas in the lung from one breath to the next. We found no significant difference among the estimates for O2 and CO2 gas exchange. However, the first and fourth estimates had more variability than the second and third.
Shipping operations quality assurance for fibreglass reinforced plastics manufacturers

This paper presents an employee-participated approach to implement a quality assurance procedure related to the shipping operations in a fibreglass reinforced plastics (FRP) manufacturer. Our research is motivated by a local FRP company where a lot of customer complaints and quality problems occurred after the product was shipped. While numerous researches have focused on manufacturing process quality control, there is a lack of research in quality assurance procedures for shipping operations. In our research, employees at both the technical and shop-floor level were involved in the development of a quality assurance programme. First we reviewed the existing shipping procedures at the FRP manufacturer. A quality audit form with input from the technical personnel was then designed to identify possible quality problems. After collecting information from the operational personnel using the audit form, we analysed the audit results and developed a set of guidelines and procedures tailored to the shipping oper...
Mechanisms of bacterial protein toxin entry into the target cell cytosol

The emerging threat of a biological weapons attack has sparked a renewed interest in bacterial protein toxins and the mechanisms they employ for cell entry. In the past few years studies of toxin entry into the cytosol have provided unique insight into the basic mechanisms whereby cells normally transport proteins through vesicular compartments and across membranes. These advances in understanding have identified several novel potential targets for cytoplasmic antitoxin development, as well as insight into the functions of host cell proteins that mediate bacterial protein toxin entry.
A City without Slums Urban Renewal, Public Housing, and Downtown Revitalization in Kansas City, Missouri

Most scholarly efforts to understand the political economy of postwar urban redevelopment have typically viewed urban renewal and public housing as "housing" programs that originated with the "federal" government. Yet this view is problematic for two reasons. First, it fails to specify the key actors and organized interests, espe- cially real estate officials and downtown business elites, in the pro- grammatic design and implementation of urban renewal and public housing. Second, this view does not fully acknowledge the dislocating and segregative effects of urban renewal and public housing on cen- tral city neighborhoods and the role these private-public initiatives played in shaping demographic and population patterns in the post- war era. I draw upon archival data and newspaper articles, real estate industry documents, government reports, and interviews to examine the origin, local implementation, and segregative effects of urban re- newal and public housing in Kansas City, Missouri. I explore the role of the ideology of privatism—the underlying commitment by the pub- lic sector to enhancing the growth and prosperity of private institu- tions—in shaping the postwar "system" of urban economic develop- ment in which urban renewal and public housing were formulated and implemented. Focusing on the interlocking nature of race and class, I identify the critical links between urban renewal and public housing, and the long-term impact of these programs on metropolitan development in the decades after World War II.
Functional and genomic implications of global gene expression profiles in cell lines from human hepatocellular cancer.

Global gene expression profiles in cancer have impacted both classification of tumors and definition of molecular pathways in neoplasia. To explore the possibility of employing human tumor cell lines to obtain information on the functional genomics of the early stages of tumorigenesis, we have characterized variation in gene-expression patterns in a cytogenetically well-defined series of cell lines derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microarrays containing 6,720 sequence-verified human cDNAs were used in this study. Nineteen well-characterized HCC cell lines were analyzed, and a nontumorigenic liver-derived epithelial cell line (Chang) was used as a reference. Each sample was examined at least twice by switching fluorescent dyes, Cy-5 and Cy-3, and average values of 2 experiments on each sample were used for further analysis. Analysis of the clustered data revealed 2 distinctive subtypes of gene-expression patterns among the 19 cell lines, suggesting a degree of heterogeneity among the gene-expression profiles of cell lines. Remarkably, expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) was highly correlated with the molecular subtypes of HCC. Although the 3 most distinctive gene-expression modules represented the signatures of 2 different subgroups of HCC, most of the cell lines shared many coexpressed genes. However, sets of coexpressed genes that are specific for the subtypes of HCC were identified. Furthermore, our results indicate that the comparison between gene-expression patterns and structural alterations in chromosomes is potentially useful in identifying genes critical in early stages of tumorigenesis. In conclusion, these results not only identified unrecognized subtypes of HCC, but also provided potential molecular markers for each subtype that can be useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes.
An 8-Year-Old Boy With Altered Mental Status

Management of an acutely ill pediatric patient with undifferentiated altered mental status is a common challenge facing air medical crewmembers. The transport team is often the vital link between the referring agency and a tertiary care center; it is incumbent upon the team to be able to meet the challenges of patient management including airway management, providing hemodynamic support, and addressing presenting symptoms. This case presents a child with altered mental status and seizure activity requiring advanced interventions and support. His hospital course is described and reveals an encephalopathy caused by the Bartonella henselae bacterium also known as cat-scratch disease. This case shows the pathology, symptomology, and management along with the importance of proper management and interventions by air medical crewmembers to maximize outcomes.
Finite Element Modeling of Double Lap Wood Joints

A general finite element model of a structural wood/adhesive connection was developed in this study and experimentally verified using a white light speckle technique. A bond link approach was developed and investigated to represent the adhesive connection. A comparison of the stress distributions obtained with the model and those recorded experimentally revealed very close agreement between the two techniques. Because the assumptions and results of the finite element model were verified with experimental evidence, it could be used to determine any number of geometric and material properties. In this study, the model was used to determine the influence of varying the overlap length on the distribution of normal and shear stresses. For the wood adherends used in this study, it was found that the distribution of stress was non-uniform but became more uniform with increasing overlapped regions.
Renovascular disease in older patients beginning renal replacement therapy

Renovascular disease in older patients beginning renal replacement therapy. Renovascular disease (RVD) in older patients can cause progressive renal insufficiency and even end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The frequency of this clinical problem is not well defined. Renal duplex sonography (RDS) correctly identifies the presence of RVD with an overall accuracy of approximately 95%. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to utilize RDS as a noninvasive tool to identify the presence of critical RVD (≥60% diameter-reducing stenosis or occlusion) in patients 50 years of age or older beginning renal replacement therapy. A total of 53 consecutive participating patients were prospectively interrogated. Complete interrogations occurred in 45 of the 53 patients (85%), and 92 of the 103 kidneys (89%). Critical RVD was noted in 10 of 45 patients (22%). RVD was bilateral in 5 patients, unilateral in 5 patients, and there were 4 renal artery occlusions noted. All patients with critical RVD were white (10 of 25 white patients or 40%). Total pack years of smoking as well as associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions were greater in those patients with critical RVD compared to those without. These results indicate that RDS remains technically feasible as renal blood flow and function decline. Unsuspected RVD possibly contributory to renal insufficiency exists in a significant number of primarily white patients 50 years of age or older beginning renal replacement therapy. These patients are generally smokers with a high frequency of associated extrarenal atherosclerosis. The addition of RVD as a separate category of disease causing ESRD would improve U.S. Renal Data System ESRD classification. RVD should be recognized as a cause of ESRD.
Spin correlation in pp elastic scattering and in pion production near threshold

An internal polarized gas target in conjunction with a beam of polarized protons stored in the IUCF Cooler storage ring has been used to measure analyzing power and spin correlation parameters between 200 MeV and 450 MeV over a wide range of angles. A consistent absolute beam and target polarization calibration was established by ramping the stored protons up and down in energy. The analyzing power Ay and the spin correlations Axx, Ayy and Axz were measured with transverse beam polarization, while determination of Azz required the development of a longitudinally polarized beam. First experiments on the spin dependence on π0-production have recently been carried out.
Titan IIIC Ground Checkout Data Transmission System

The increased blast area associated with the 120-inch solid rocket motors used on the Titan IIIC required locating the launch control center three and one half miles from the nearest launch complex. To transmit data over this distance, a data transmission system (DTS) with a transmission capability in excess of five miles was developed. The Titan IIIC DTS uses discrete, digital, and analog signals to monitor and control checkout and launch operations.
Trion Decay in Colloidal Quantum Dots

Using charged films of colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots of ∼3.5 to 4.5 nm core diameters and 0.6 to 1.2 nm thick CdS shells, the radiative and nonradiative decay of the negatively charged exciton, the trion T−, are measured. The T− radiative rate is faster than the exciton by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.4 and estimated at ∼10 ns. The T− lifetime is ∼0.7−1.5 ns for the samples measured and is longer than the biexciton lifetime by a factor or 7.5 ± 1.7.
Peptide Microarrays for the Determination of Protease Substrate Specificity

A method is described for the preparation of substrate microarrays that allow for the rapid determination of protease substrate specificity. Peptidyl coumarin substrates, synthesized on solid support using standard techniques, are printed onto glass slides using DNA microarraying equipment. The linkage from the peptide to the slide is formed through a chemoselective reaction, resulting in an array of uniformly displayed fluorogenic substrates. The arrays can be treated with proteases to yield substrate specificity profiles. Standard instrumentation for visualization of microarrays can be used to obtain comparisons of the specificity constants for all of the prepared substrates. The utility of these arrays is demonstrated by the selective cleavage of preferred substrates with trypsin, thrombin, and granzyme B, and by assessing the extended substrate specificity of thrombin using a microarray of 361 different peptidyl coumarin substrates.
Solution of difficult distillation problems by use of a combination of the Newton—Raphson and functional transformation methods

Abstract By use of a combination of the functional transformation and the Newton—Raphson methods, it is possible to solve most problems which are either difficult or impossible to solve by use of the Newton—Raphson method alone. In this note, the functional transformation method introduced by Vazquez-Esparragoza et al. (1987) for solving small systems of one or two nonlinear equations is applied to large systems of nonlinear equations.
Slot Waveguides with a Flattened Near-Zero Dispersion and a Small Effective Mode Area

We propose a dispersion-flattened silicon slot waveguide for on-chip nonlinear applications, which exhibits a flat near-zero dispersion within ±150 ps/nm/km over a 244-nm wavelength bandwidth. Its effective mode area is as small as 0.04 ?m2.
Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on ossicular reconstruction prostheses.

Abstract Purpose Ossicular chain reconstruction may be complicated by prosthesis extrusion. As prostheses are commonly placed in middle ears contaminated with biofilm-forming bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), extrusion may be caused by development of a biofilm on the prosthesis and the host response to this biofilm. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if PA forms biofilm on different ossicular chain reconstruction prostheses to a different degree. Methods Prostheses made of titanium, hydroxylapatite (HA), and plastic (23 each) were cultured with PA in broth for 96 hours. Biofilm formation was assessed by electron microscopy and quantitative microbiology. Results Titanium prostheses formed less biofilm than plastic (P = .0003) and HA (P = .003), but there was no difference between HA and plastic. Correction for surface area did not alter these significant differences. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms biofilm on ossicular prostheses, particularly those made of plastic and HA. These differences could, in part, explain the extrusion propensity of certain biomaterials.