cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrabroadband Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Hybrid Silicon-Polymer Dual Vertical Slot Waveguide

We present a novel hybrid silicon-polymer dual slot waveguide for high speed and ultra-low driving voltage electro-optic (EO) modulation. The proposed design utilizes the unique properties of ferroelectric materials such as LiNbO3 to achieve dual RF and optical modes within a low index nanoslot. The tight mode concentration and overlap in the slot allow the infiltrated organic EO polymers to experience enhanced nonlinear interaction with the applied electric field. Half-wavelength voltage-length product and electro-optic response are rigorously simulated to characterize the proposed design, which reveals ultrabroadband operation, up to 250 GHz, and subvolt driving voltage for a 1 cm long modulator.
Retrieving the Amplatz retrievable vena cava filter

The new Amplatz retrievable filter was placed 15 times into the inferior vena cava (IVC) of 7 dogs. Retrieval of the filter was attempted in 11 cases after 1 week and in 3 cases after 2 weeks. The retrieval was successful and without complication in all 14 cases. The 15th placement resulted in thrombotic occlusion of the IVC, and no retrieval was attempted.
Regulation of Tyrosinase‐related Protein‐2 (TYRP2) in Human Melanocytes: Relationship to Growth and Morphology

Treatment of human melanoma cells with the differentiation-inducing agent hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) results in reciprocal changes in expression of melanocyte-specific genes tyrosinase-related proteins-1 and -2 (TYRP1 and TYRP2). In this study, we investigated the effects of HMBA on cultured neonatal human cutaneous melanocytes. Flow cytometric analysis showed that HMBA inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-dependent growth of melanocytes by reducing the population of cells entering the DNA synthesis phase of cell cycle. Melanocyte growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in the number of cells exhibiting polydendritic morphology. This morphologic change was less pronounced when HMBA was added to melanocytes in the absence of TPA. Northern blot analyses of total cellular RNA showed that expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), TYRP1, Silver (SILV/Pmel17) gene was down-regulated by HMBA, while TYRP2 mRNA was up-regulated (> 10-fold). When the inducer was added to cells in the absence of TPA, there was > 50-fold increase in TYRP2 mRNA with a moderate increase in MITF, tyrosinase and SILV gene mRNAs and complete repression of TYRP1 gene. Studies using inhibitors for protein kinases involved in cell signaling pathways suggested that stress-activated kinase p38 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MEK are involved in TPA-independent regulation of TYRP2 expression in melanocytes. These data show that treatment of proliferating melanocytes with the differentiation inducer HMBA results in a distinct change in morphology and up-regulation of TYRP2, while quiescent melanocytes respond by a dramatic increase in expression of TYRP2 without change in morphology. These results suggest an inverse relationship of TYRP2 gene regulatory mechanisms to melanocyte growth regulatory pathways.
Antitumor Effects of Sunitinib or Sorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Received Prior Antiangiogenic Therapy

Purpose: Antiangiogenic therapy with sunitinib and sorafenib has become the standard of care for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, the clinical benefit of these agents after prior antiangiogenic therapy has not been defined. Currently, several agents with a putative antiangiogenic mechanism exist and they are often being used in sequence with little to no data regarding activity in a second line or later setting.Materials and Methods: Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma currently being treated with either sunitinib or sorafenib after receiving 1 or more prior antiangiogenic agent(s) were investigated in a retrospective analysis. Time to progression and the overall response rate by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors were evaluated.Results: Thirty patients receiving current sunitinib (16 patients) or sorafenib (14 patients) were identified. Patients received 1 or more prior antiangiogenic therapies: thalidomide, lenalidomide, bevacizumab, volociximab, AG13736, sorafenib...
Toward Imagined Solidarity in the Working-Class Epic: Chris Llewellyn’s Fragments from the Fire and Diane Gilliam Fisher’s Kettle Bottom

The term “solidarity” has been a rallying cry in working-class literature and culture, and for good reason. Pioneers in the field of working-class studies such as Michael Zweig, Janet Zandy, Paul L...
Chromosomes of antelope squirrels (genus Ammospermophilus ): A systematic banding analysis of four species with unusual constitutive heterochromatin

The G- and C-banding patterns of mitotic chromosomes from four species of antelope squirrels (Ammospermophilus harrisi, interpres, leucurus and nelsoni) are discussed with special attention payed to the unusual quantities and position of constitutive heterochromatin. Heterochromatin appears to be responsible for the observation that cells from antelope squirrels contain over 70% more DNA than cells from another ground squirrel. A substantial fraction of this excess DNA consists of sequences that band as satellites in neutral CsCl or Cs2SO4-Ag+ density gradients. Interspecies similarities in the distribution of heterochromatin suggest that it has a function of some importance to these species and has therefore been conserved.
Development and analysis of a small animal model simulating the human postburn hypermetabolic response

Growing guinea pigs and mature rats are good models of the human metabolic response to thermal injury demonstrating a dose-response relationship between burn size and metabolic rate, an elevation in metabolic rate related to the stage of convalescence and hypermetabolism that may be altered but not abated by external heating. A 50% total body surface burn must be produced before reliable elevations in metabolic rate are observed. The mature rat is the best of the three animal models and is suitable for evaluation of the mediators and modulators of the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury.
Evaluation of Patterns of Perfusion and Metabolism in Dobutamine-Responsive Myocardium

Abstract Objectives. We investigated the patterns of perfusion and metabolism in dysfunctional myocardium whose contractility improved with dobutamine. Background. Clinical studies have suggested that dobutamine echocardiography can identify hibernating myocardium, but laboratory studies suggest that reduced perfusion limits the response to dobutamine. Methods. Twenty-five patients with coronary disease and ventricular dysfunction underwent low (5 and 10 μg/kg body weight per min) and high dose (maximum of 50 μg/kg per min) dobutamine echocardiography and positron emission tomography (PET) using nitrogen-13 (N-13) ammonia and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for imaging of perfusion and metabolism. Wall motion and tracer uptake were scored in 16 left ventricular segments. Results. Perfusion and metabolism were normal in 56.4%, mildly reduced in 29.1% and mismatched (reduced perfusion, preserved FDG uptake) in 14.5% of dysfunctional segments viable on PET. Wall motion improved with dobutamine in 89 dysfunctional segments (62 at low dose, 27 only at peak dose), and 86 of these (97%) were viable on PET. Improvement in wall motion with dobutamine was more common in segments with normal perfusion and metabolism (56.5%) than in those with mildly reduced tracer uptake (28.5%, p Conclusions. The majority of viable segments with rest dysfunction had normal perfusion and metabolism, suggesting that myocardial stunning was common. Improvement of wall motion at low and high doses of dobutamine was highly correlated with myocardial viability on PET and was more common in myocardium with normal perfusion. A biphasic response to dobutamine identified segments with normal perfusion and metabolism supplied by severely diseased vessels. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:55–61)>
Artemisia dracunculus L. polyphenols complexed to soy protein show enhanced bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Objective Scientifically validated food-based interventions are a practical means of addressing the epidemic of metabolic syndrome. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) containing bioactive polyphenols, such as 2′, 4′–dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (DMC-2), improved insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo . Plant polyphenols are concentrated and stabilized when complexed to protein-rich matrices, such as soy protein isolate (SPI), which act as effective food-based delivery vehicles. The aim of this study was to compare the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and efficacy of polyphenols extracted from A. dracunculus and delivered as PMI-5011 (ethanolic extract alone), formulated with the non-food excipient Gelucire ® , (5011- Gelucire), or sorbed to SPI (5011-Nutrasorb ® ). Methods PMI-5011, 5011-Gelucire or 5011-Nutrasorb each containing 162 μg of DMC-2 was delivered to the TNO intestinal model-1 of the human upper gastrointestinal tract to compare the effect of delivery vehicle on DMC-2 bioaccessibility. C57BL6/J mice were orally administered 5011-Nutrasorb or PMI-5011 to compare effects of polyphenol–protein complexation on acute hypoglycemic activity and bioavailability of DMC-2 in serum. Results At 500 mg/kg, 5011-Nutrasorb and PMI-5011 had similar hypoglycemic activity in a high-fat diet-induced diabetes mouse model despite the fact that 5011-Nutrasorb delivered 15 times less DMC-2 (40 versus 600 μg/kg). This can be partially explained by eight times greater DMC-2 absorption into serum from 5011-Nutrasorb than from PMI-5011. TNO intestinal model-1 experiments confirmed higher total bioaccessibility of DMC-2 in vitro when delivered in 5011-Nutrasorb (50.2%) or Gelucire-5011 (44.4%) compared with PMI-5011 (27.1%; P = 0.08). Conclusion Complexation with soy protein makes antidiabetic A. dracunculus polyphenols more bioavailable and bioaccessible.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Cerebral and spinal metastases without direct cranial invasion

A patient with esthesioneuroblastoma is reported with metastatic lesions to the cervical nodes, intradural thoracic spinal canal, and the posterior fossa without evidence of local recurrence or cranial bone involvement four years after initial diagnosis and eradication. The initial lesion was a localized nasal polyp apparently treated adequately with excision and radiotherapy.
Working hard and hardly working: domestic labor and marital satisfaction among dual-earner couples

This article examines the effect of domestic labor, gender ideology, work status, and economic dependency on marital satisfaction using data obtained from self-administered questionnaires for 156 dual-earner couples. Analytic distinctions were drawn among three aspects of domestic labor: household tasks, emotion work, and status enhancement. The effects of each of these elements of the division of domestic labor on marital satisfaction were tested. We also tested the effects of a respondent's satisfaction with the couple's division of domestic labor on marital satisfaction. Finally, we tested the effects of gender ideology, hours spent in paid work each week, and economic dependency on marital satisfaction. For women, satisfaction with the division of household tasks and emotion work and their contributions to household and status-enhancement tasks were the most significant predictors of marital satisfaction. Satisfaction with the division of labor around both emotion work and housework were significant predictors for men's marital satisfaction. Partner's status-enhancement work was also predictive for men. Economic dependency, paid work hours, gender ideology, partner's hours spent on housework, contributions to emotion work, and number of children and preschool-age children had only indirect effects on women's marital satisfaction. For men, hours spent on housework, contributions to emotion work, partner's emotion work, hours spent in the paid labor force, and number of preschool children had an indirect effect on marital satisfaction.
Interspecific Response to Sex Pheromones of Trogoderma Species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Interspecific responses were recorded for the males of 5 species of Trogoderma to the female extracts of each of 7 species of Trogoderma . All female extracts elicited some interspecies male response. From behavioral testing it appeared that the sex pheromones of T. inclusum LeConte, T. simplex Jayne, and T. variabile Ballion are very similar or have identical components. The pheromones of T. glabrum (Herbst) and T. sternale Jayne appear different from those of other species and from each other.
Modeling of magnetic properties of heat treated Dy-doped NdFeB particles bonded in isotropic and anisotropic arrangements

The effects of compacting methods, heat treatment and chemical additives on the magnetic properties of NdFeB particles have been studied, Five sets of NdFeB powder particles, doped with different amounts of Dy from 0.1-2.9 wt%, were prepared in powder form by gas atomization and annealed at 650-750/spl deg/C for 600 seconds under an inert argon atmosphere. These were then bonded in epoxy, either in isotropic form, or aligned during fabrication under the action an applied magnetic field. Their magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the combined effects of the addition of Dy and heat treatment could dramatically improve the coercive force, remanent magnetization and maximum energy product. The results have been interpreted using a model of hysteresis which takes into account energy losses, anisotropy and texture of a material. The modeling showed that these effects alter the magnetic properties by increasing the hysteresis loss via the loss coefficient and by reducing the reversible component of magnetization through the reversibility coefficient. The compacting process influences the density of the particles in the bonded magnet which alters the magnetic properties through the coupling coefficient. The major influence of particle alignment can be interpreted as a change in the texture which can be described by a texture parameter.
The influence of firm behavior on purchase intention: do consumers really care about business ethics?

Posits that although behaving “ethically” should be important for its own sake, whether a firm behaves ethically or unethically may also have a significant influence on consumers’ purchase decisions. Examines the issue of unethical corporate behavior from the perspective of consumers. Addresses several questions. First, what are consumers’ expectations regarding the ethicality of corporate behavior? Second, is whether a firm acts ethically or unethically an important consumer concern, and if so, will information regarding a firm’s behavior influence their purchase decision? Demonstrates that consumers say they do care about a firm’s ethics and will adjust their purchase behaviors accordingly.
“Of Religion” in Hobbes’s Leviathan

Although Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential works in the early modern critique of traditional Christian political theology, a debate persists over Hobbes’s view of religion. This essay contributes to that debate through a close analysis of the chapter of Leviathan in which Hobbes offers his most direct discussion of religion. In Chapter 12, “Of Religion,” Hobbes presents an account of the psychological “seed” of religion; an account of God as the mysterious x at the beginning of the chain of causes; an analysis of the political difference between pagan and Biblical religion; and a sketch of the causes of the “resolution” of religion back into its first seeds. A close examination of his arguments in this crucial chapter, I argue, brings to light key aspects of Hobbes’s critique of religion and provides evidence of his antireligious intentions in Leviathan.
Guidelines and interventions for obesity during pregnancy.

Abstract Background Obesity is a growing worldwide epidemic among women of reproductive age, including pregnant women. The increased prevalence of obesity has been accompanied by an increase in gestational weight gain. Maternal obesity has deleterious consequences for both mother and child. Objective To review the recent guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the Institute of Medicine regarding gestational weight gain and interventions to treat obesity during pregnancy. Methods Guidelines on gestational weight gain from these organizations, as well as reports of gestational weight gain in the published literature, are summarized. Results Many normal and overweight parturients exceed the recommendations in the guidelines, which may contribute to postpartum obesity. Conclusion Lifestyle changes, including dieting and increased activity, may help to limit excessive gestational weight gain but the optimal strategy remains unclear.
Differential executive functioning performance by phase of bipolar disorder.

Objective This study examined the influence of illness phase on executive functioning performance using factor-derived cognitive scores in a cross-sectional design.
The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Zionism and the Colonization of Palestine

The Jews of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe were hardly unaffected by the intellectual currents that coursed through the territo-ries in which they lived. As a matter of fact, by breaking down the walls of ghettos and reconstituting Jews as citizens, the process of Jewish emancipation in western and central Europe not only exposed more and more Jews to those currents, it made those currents vital to their lives. Even in eastern Europe, where the process of Jewish emancipation was stillborn, constantly increasing numbers of Jews embraced the same ideas that attracted their brethren to the west. Three factors contributed to the spread of new intellectual currents east. First, the pale and the restrictions it imposed on the lives of Jews appeared relatively late in Jewish history and were thus unsanctified by long-standing tradition. It was not strange that many Jews living in this “unnatural” state would heed the siren song of new ideas, just as it was not strange that many would seek out the West as a place of refuge. Furthermore, conditions intruding on the pale made these ideas relevant to its Jewish inhabitants. In the last chapter, we saw how urbanization, the expansion of state capabilities and demands, and the spread of market relations affected pale life. Ideas originating in the West and imported to the pale were not just coherent with the new social and economic dispensation, they provided its underlying principles. Finally, the Russian government itself promoted the spread of new ideas in the pale through its Russification program. As we have seen, during the 1840s the imperial government began building Russian-language secular schools in the pale. Because the number of qualified Jewish teachers was inadequate to meet the government's needs, these schools came to employ non-Jewish instructors, who, if not entirely sympathetic to western European ideas, provided their pupils with the linguistic training necessary to master them.
Beyond DVFS: A First Look at Performance under a Hardware-Enforced Power Bound

Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has been the tool of choice for balancing power and performance in high-performance computing (HPC). With the introduction of Intel's Sandy Bridge family of processors, researchers now have a far more attractive option: user-specified, dynamic, hardware-enforced processor power bounds. In this paper we provide a first look at this technology in the HPC environment and detail both the opportunities and potential pitfalls of using this technique to control processor power. As part of this evaluation we measure power and performance for single-processor instances of several of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of a single benchmark, MG, under several different power bounds. We quantify the well-known manufacturing variation in processor power efficiency and show that, in the absence of a power bound, this variation has no correlation to performance. We then show that execution under a power bound translates this variation in efficiency into variation in performance.
Estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional measurements improve the discriminatory capability of dual X-ray absorptiometry

To determine whether estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional scans of the lumbar spine have weaker associations with height and weight and stronger associations with prevalent vertebral fractures than standard projectional bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), we obtained posteroanterior (PA) dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lateral supine DXA (Hologic QDR 2000), and quantitative computed tomography (QCT, GE 9800 scanner) in 260 postmenopausal women enrolled in two trials of treatment for osteoporosis. In 223 women, all vertebral levels, i.e., L2-L4 in the DXA scan and L1-L3 in the QCT scan, could be evaluated. Fifty-five women were diagnosed as having at least one mild fracture (age 67.9 +/- 6.5 years) and 168 women did not have any fractures (age 62.3 +/- 6.9 years). We derived three estimates of "volumetric bone density" from PA DXA (BMAD, BMAD*, and BMD*) and three from paired PA and lateral DXA (WA BMD, WA BMDHol, and eVBMD). While PA BMC and PA BMD were significantly correlated with height (r = 0.49 and r = 0.28) or weight (r = 0.38 and r = 0.37), QCT and the volumetric bone density estimates from paired PA and lateral scans were not (r = -0.083 to r = 0.050). BMAD, BMAD*, and BMD* correlated with weight but not height. The associations with vertebral fracture were stronger for QCT (odds ratio [QR] = 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90-5.27), eVBMD (OR = 2.87; CI 1.80-4.57), WA BMDHol (OR = 2.86; CI 1.80-4.55) and WA-BMD (OR = 2.77; CI 1.75-4.39) than for BMAD*/BMD* (OR = 2.03; CI 1.32-3.12), BMAD (OR = 1.68; CI 1.14-2.48), lateral BMD (OR = 1.88; CI 1.28-2.77), standard PA BMD (OR = 1.47; CI 1.02-2.13) or PA BMC (OR = 1.22; CI 0.86-1.74). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for QCT and all estimates of volumetric BMD were significantly higher compared with standard PA BMD and PA BMC. We conclude that, like QCT, estimates of volumetric bone density from paired PA and lateral scans are unaffected by height and weight and are more strongly associated with vertebral fracture than standard PA BMD or BMC, or estimates of volumetric density that are solely based on PA DXA scans.
Toward Ethnically Specific Models of Employment, Public Assistance, and Victimization

Among 836 low-income women, those receiving Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) or food stamps had experienced more coercive sexual assault, abuse by past partners, psychological abuse by current partners, and types of victimization than women not receiving assistance. The two groups of women were equally likely to endure threats or violence from current partners. African Americans and European Americans were more likely to have been victimized than Mexican Americans. European Americans reported more severe victimization except current partner violence. Multiple regressions on employment and assistance showed victimization predictors that varied by ethnicity. The effects of abuse by current partners were limited and are likely to be indirect.
Reduced order Kalman filter design for interconnected singularly perturbed systems

The paper aims to design a reduced order Kalman filter for a class of large scale interconnected singularly perturbed linear systems to achieve the minimum estimation error for the estimation problem. Our assumption is that the large scale system consists of several local subsystems interconnected to a main subsystem. Two different approaches are applied. First, the optimal projection equations approach has been used to achieve the optimal solution. The optimal reduced order Kalman filter is completely characterized by necessary conditions, resulting from optimal projection equations. The first order necessary conditions consist of one modified Riccati equation, and two modified Lyapunov equations. They are coupled by a projection matrix whose rank is precisely equal to the order of the filter and which determines the optimal filter gains. Second, the singular perturbation theory has been used to achieve the near optimal Kalman filter. This is approximately decomposed into two filters in different time scales yielding the estimates of the slow mode and the fast mode states.
Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina

Political machines (or clientelist parties) mobilize electoral support by trading particularistic benefits to voters in exchange for their votes. But if the secret ballot hides voters' actions from the machine, voters are able to renege, accepting benefits and then voting as they choose. To explain how machine politics works, I observe that machines use their deep insertion into voters' social networks to try to circumvent the secret ballot and infer individuals' votes. When parties influence how people vote by threatening to punish them for voting for another party, I call this accountability. I analyze the strategic interaction between machines and voters as an iterated prisoners' dilemma game with one-sided uncertainty. The game generates hypotheses about the impact of the machine's capacity to monitor voters, and of voters' incomes and ideological stances, on the effectiveness of machine politics. I test these hypotheses with data from Argentina.
Domestic violence: screening made practical

Physicians should routinely screen women for domestic violence. Although the US Domestic Task Force considers the evidence for or against specific instruments insufficient, the recommendation to include questions about physical abuse may be made on other grounds, such as the high prevalence of undetected abuse among women patients, the potential value of this information in helping such patients, and the low cost and low risk of screening. Offer abused patients information about community resources and advocates. Advocacy and connections with community agencies have proven helpful (in a randomized controlled trial) in improving quality of life and preventing violence-related injuries.
Copy-Choice Hypothesis

Copy-choice is a proposed mechanism of recombination by which conservative DNA replication following one chromosome could switch templates and copy the other.
Abstract 356: Effect of Treatment with Rosiglitazone on High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Rosiglitazone has been associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. However, the impact of rosiglitazone on markers of subclinical myocardial injury, such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T levels (hscTnT), is not known. Objective: Evaluate the impact of intermediate-term treatment with rosiglitazone on hscTnT levels among patients with T2DM with or at high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We measured serum hscTnT levels at baseline and after 6 months of study treatment in a randomized trial comparing rosiglitazone versus placebo in patients with T2DM and risk factors for or prevalent CAD. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with changes in hsTnT levels from baseline to follow up. Results: The study included 150 participants, of whom 106 had paired baseline and end-of-study blood samples for analysis (53 placebo, 53 rosiglitazone, mean age 56 + 8 years, 42% women; 8.8 years average T2DM duration; 42% insulin treated). Almost all study participants (93%) had elevated hscTnT (≥3 ng/L) at baseline; 23% had hscTnT levels exceeding the diagnostic limit commonly used to diagnose MI (≥14 ng/L). As expected, age, male sex and left ventricular hypertrophy were independently associated with elevated hscTnT levels at baseline. HscTnT levels increased from baseline to follow up within both the placebo and rosiglitazone treated groups (Figure), with no difference between the two groups after 6 months (p =0.73). In multivariable adjusted linear regression analysis, male sex (β = 0.36; p= 0.04), baseline hemoglobin A1c (β= 0.43; p= 0.001) and baseline hscTnT levels (β= -0.69; p <0.0001) were independently associated with an increase in hscTnT from baseline to follow-up. Use of rosiglitazone was not associated with an increase in hscTnT levels in the adjusted model (p = 0.65). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of elevated hscTnT among patients with T2DM with prevalent or clustered risk factors for CAD, exceeding the MI detection limit in almost a quarter of such patients. Rosiglitazone did not impact hscTnT levels, adding to the growing body of literature suggesting that rosiglitazone is not associated with direct myocardial injury. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
2-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)-3-(3,4-dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)quinoxaline.

The title compound, C22H17ClN2O2, was synthesized by the condensation reaction between 1,2-phenyl­enediamine and 2-chloro-3′,4′-dimeth­oxy­benzil in boiling acetic acid. The chloro­phenyl and dimeth­oxy­phenyl rings make dihedral angles of 78.45 (5) and 35.60 (4)°, respectively, with the quinoxaline unit.
Structural disruption of phospholipid bilayers over a range of length scales by n-butanol.

We report on the exposure of planar multicomponent lipid bilayers supported on mica to n-butanol. The bilayer contains 49 mol % 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 10 mol % cholesterol, 40 ...
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING OF NUMBER WORD CONVENTIONS

The four studies reported here document developmental differences in children's understanding that symbols for number are arbitrary conventions. Children between 3 and 12 years were presented with tasks in which they had to make judgments about (a) the adequacy of puppets' counting activities when puppets used standard as opposed to nonstandard number words in counting and (b) the adequacy of puppets' token exchanges when the values of the same tokens varied across numerical systems. In both tasks, the findings revealed developmental shifts in children's ability to distance numerical meanings from conventional symbols. In the number words tasks, children increasingly appreciated that, provided the principle of one-to-one correspondence between symbol and counted item is maintained, any symbol list may be used for counting. In the token-exchange tasks, children increasingly appreciated that the same tokens could represent different values in the different systems. Number words are cultural symbols. These symbols are arbitrary in the sense that only convention dictates that the number word three is used to represent three objects. Understanding this arbitrary property of number words is fundamental to a principled understanding of counting: In its most general sense, counting consists of assigning any set of ordered symbols in one-to-one correspondence to a target set, and then using the last element of the ordered set to represent the numerosity of the target set. Research on language development suggests that children may have difficulty understanding that the relation between number words and the values they represent is arbitrary. Both Piaget (1972) and Vygotsky (1962) have shown that young children believe that the word used to refer to an object cannot be changed without changing substantial properties of the object to which it refers. Additionally, Werner and Kaplan (1963) have suggested a particular developmental progression in which conventional symbols and particular functions are only gradually differentiated and distanced from each other. If these tendencies extend to number
The use of aerospace journal citations in collection management

The format and age of citations appearing in current issues of five aeronautical and aerospace journals are studied. Journal articles were the most highly cited items followed by conference papers, books, technical reports, and dissertations. AIAA papers represented 37% of the conference papers cited, and NASA and NACA reports made up 36% of all technical reports cited in the sample. For all formats, 50% of the citations were from the last 7 years, 75% were from the last 14 years, and 90% were from the last 24 years. The collection management implications of these statistics are discussed.
The Role of Proline and Certain Non-Essential Amino Acids in Chick Nutrition

Abstract THE relative abundance of serine, alanine, aspartic acid and proline in natural proteins has made it difficult to determine their role in chick nutrition when diets containing intact proteins are employed. The dispensable nature of these amino acids in a crystalline amino acid diet was reported by Almquist and Grau (1944). The omission of serine, alanine and aspartic acid from their amino acid mixture had no effect on chick growth. When proline was omitted, the chicks failed to grow for about four days, but after that time they grew at the “normal rate.” It was concluded that the initial lag in growth rate was due to a period of adaptation required to allow establishment of adequate synthesis mechanisms for proline from other amino acids furnished in the diet. Since the omission of proline had no lasting effect, it was also classified as a dispensable amino acid. Klain (1959) used a …
Interpretation of Aerogel Shrinkage During Drying.

A variety of silica aerogels have been prepared by the hydrolysis of TEOS, and dried using supercritical CO2. The shrinkage which occurs during the drying process is dependent on the gel formulation and the extent of aging of the gels in their pore liquor. Such aging normally results in an increased density, modulus and pore size of wet gels. Upon drying the corresponding aerogels show the opposite behavior for modulus and density, which decrease with the extent of aging. Both drying and aging shrinkage were not observed for base-catalyzed gels, and were very small for HF-catalyzed gels. The use of formamide resulted in reduced drying shrinkage and a slightly larger amount of syneresis. Drying shrinkage is associated with the presence of micropores. Shrinkage during drying has been observed using a high pressure view cell and it was found that most of the shrinkage occurred during depressurization. An explanation consistent with the above is proposed.
OPTIMAL AND Hx ROBUST CONTROL OF EULER-BERNOULLI BEAMS WITH UNCERTAINTIES BY RICCATI APPROACHES

Optimal and Hx robust control of an uncertain Euler-Bernoulli beam (EBB) by the distributed force are studied in this paper. The standard EulerBernoulli beam is assumed to be the nominal model for the control system. The variation in material properties, the rotatory inertia of the beams and other random disturbances are considered as the uncertainties of the system. The random disturbances are assumed to be the white Gaussian noise. Optimal and Hx robust control methods are employed to find the controllers for the beam with these uncertainties and disturbances. It is shown that the optimal and robust controllers are determined by the product of the solutions of the corresponding Riccati equation with the states of the system. Numerical simulations of uncontrolled and controlled responses of the beam demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. It is shown that the Euler-Bernoulli beam with or without rotatory inertia can be stabilized in the presence of uncertainties due to variations in the material characteristics and the white Gaussian random forcing.
Forensic structural engineering : Focus on the United States

Ever more structural failures make the news throughout the world, and their investigation is becoming an active field of professional practice-often referred to as Forensic Structural Engineering. In most countries the engineering and legal professions have established practices, and others are considering or are using technical, business, and legal procedures modelled on United States (U.S.) practices-with both their effectiveness and faults-which employ expert consultants/witnesses in an adversarial environment retained by each party to the investigation of the failure and the litigation of the resulting claim. This paper is an overview of the important, and perhaps unique, aspects of those practices in the United States.
Treatment of Childhood Bronchial Asthma by Stages: Introduction to Dr. Wang Xiafang's clinical experience

Childhood bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease in the children. Dr. Wang Xiafang treated attack stage, remission stage and stable stage respectively by "Xuanfei Dingchuan Decoction", modified "Erchen Decoction" and external application, and obtained excellent effects.
The MATRIX: A New Musical Instrument for Interactive Performance

The MATRIX (Multipurpose Array of Tactile Rods for Interactive eXpression) is a new musical instrument for amateurs and professionals alike. It gives musicians a 3dimensional tangible interface to control music using their hand(s), and can either be used in conjunction with a traditional musical instrument and a microphone, or as a stand-alone gestural input device. The surface of the MATRIX acts as a real-time interface that can manipulate parameters of a synthesis engine or effect algorithm in response to a performer's expressive gestures. One example uses the rods of the MATRIX control the individual grains of a granular synthesizer, thereby sonically ‘sculpting’ the microstructure of a sound. In this way, the MATRIX provides an intuitive method of manipulating sound with a very high level of real-time control.
Changes in absorption spectra of nucleic acids and their derivatives following exposure to ozone and ultraviolet radiations.

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of ozone and ultraviolet (UV) radiations upon the UV absorption spectra of solutions (buffered at pH 7.0–7.2) of nucleic acids, and the nucleotides, nucleosides, purines, and pyrimidines of nucleic acids have been studied, and in a few instances the effects of both agents in various combinations were tested. 2. 2. Without exception, ozonation of the above compounds quickly reduces the absorption maximum at or near 2600 A. and usually induces an increase in absorption at wavelengths shorter than 2400 A., but has much less effect on their absorption at wavelengths longer than 2800 A. 3. 3. The effects of ozone on nucleic acid are probably compounded of the effects of ozone on the constituent purines and pyrimidines, each of which appears to be individually affected. 4. 4. UV has little effect on the absorption spectra of all of the above compounds, a measurable change appearing only after prolonged irradiation. 5. 5. UV causes a decrease in absorption by nucleic acids at the 2600-A. peak and an increase at wavelengths shorter than 2400 A. and longer than 2800 A. 6. 6. Exposure of adenine to UV causes an increased absorption over the entire range, but neither adenosine nor adenylic acid was markedly affected by comparable doses. 7. 7. UV has little effect on absorption by guanosine or guanylic acid. 8. 8. Of the pyrimidines tested, uracil was most sensitive to UV, and its sensitivity was greater in the combined form of uridine or uridylic acid. The main effect of UV on the absorption spectrum of nucleic acid may therefore be attributable to the change it induces in uracil.
0201 Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) metabolism in offspring.

4 Introduction 6 Review of Literature 8 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 8 Establishment 8 Differentiation of MSC into Bone, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue 8 Roles in the Adult 9 Poor Maternal Nutrition 10 Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells 10 Effects on Bone, Muscle, and Adipose Development 11 Effects on Whole Body Function 13 Fetal Programming and Maternal Diet 13 Metabolism 17 Normal Metabolic Physiology 17 Cell Differentiation Status and Metabolic Preference 18 Regulation of Metabolic Status: Role of Oxygen/Nutrient Sensing Pathways ....21 Reactive Oxidative Species: Physiological and Pathological Levels 23 Altered Metabolic Physiology 25 Conclusion 27 Materials and Methods 29 Results 36
On the Road, Playing with Legos®, and Learning about the Library: The Rutgers University Art Library Lego Playing Station, Part Two

ABSTRACTIn Playing with LEGO®, Learning about the Library, and “Making” Campus Connections: The Rutgers University Art Library Lego Playing Station, Part One, the author discusses the importance of outreach, creativity, and innovation to the future of academic libraries. Low-cost making activities, can encourage creative problem-solving skills and be an innovative way to teach students, faculty, and staff more about academic libraries. In this article, the author will look more closely at the hands-on learning experiences that resulted when academic library faculty and staff were introduced to the LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® methodology by means of a mobile makerspace.
Artificial guide stars

The resolution of large ground based astronomical telescopes is limited by atmospheric turbulence to no better than that of a ordinary telescope half a meter in diameter. An atmospheric compensation system consisting of a guide star, wavefront sensor and deformable mirror can correct for atmospheric turbulence and permit a large telescope to achieve resolution close to that of their diffractive limit. Natural guide stars can be used for some applications but the small probability of finding suitably bright guide stars nearby by objects of interest limits their usefulness. To overcome this limitation, artificial guide stars can be generated using lasers tuned to the 589 nm resonance line of mesospheric sodium which exists in a thin layer at the top of the atmosphere at 100 km.
Many-Core Architecture for NTC: Energy Efficiency from the Ground Up

The high energy efficiency of NTC enables multicore architectures with unprecedented levels of integration, such as multicores that include 1000 sizable cores and substantial memory on the die. However, to construct such a chip, we need to fundamentally rethink the whole compute stack from the ground up for energy efficiency. First of all, we need techniques that minimize and tolerate process variation. It is also important to conceive highly-efficient voltage regulation, so that each region of the chip can operate at the most efficient voltage and frequency point. At the architecture level, we want simple cores organized in a hierarchy of clusters. Moreover, techniques to reduce the leakage power of on-chip memories are also needed, as well as dynamic voltage guard-band reduction in variation-afflicted on-chip networks. It is also crucial to develop techniques to minimize data movement, which is a major source of energy waste. Among the techniques proposed are automatically managing the data in the cache hierarchy, processing in near-memory compute engines, and efficient fine-grained synchronization. Finally, we need core-assignment algorithms that are both effective and simple to implement. In this chapter, we describe these issues.
Urban Sustainability: Perspectives on Change

Sustainability resides at the nexus of philosophy, practice, politics, and technology. As such, the policies, behaviors, and discussions associated with “sustainability” are often contested. Despite the potential for conflict, nearly all stakeholders at all scales recognize that sustainability and sustainable practices necessarily extend from and/or interact across three domains: Social Systems, Ecological Systems, and Economic Systems. The systems, most often referred to as the three pillars (Environment, Economic, and Social), are sometimes complementary; but often are juxtaposed in a functionally perpendicular fashion. As a result, theory and practice are often side-ways and often result in partial or imperfect results.
Searching for New Macroscopic Interactions: Is There a “Fifth Force”?

Could there exist previously undetected fundamental interactions that act over macroscopic distances and that would appear as a modification to gravity? This prospect has received great attention recently, largely due to Fischbach et al.’s reanalysis [1] of the Eotvos experiment. These authors unearthed a previously unappreciated correlation in the Eotvos data that was consistent with an intermediate-range interaction coupled to B. Taking this correlation in conjunction with discrepancies between laboratory and geophysical determinations of G led Fischbach et al. to propose the existence of a “fifth force” with a potential between point objects of the (Yukawa) form, $$ V = \alpha {\left( {{{{q_5}} \over \mu }} \right)_1}{\left( {{{{q_5}} \over \mu }} \right)_2}G{{{m_1}{m_2}} \over r}{e^{ - r/\lambda }} $$ where G is the Newtonian constant, λ and α5 are the range and dimensionless strength of the interaction, µ denotes mass in AMU,and q5 is the “charge” that participates in the interaction. The original “fifth force” hypothesis proposed q5=B, a5≈10-2 (repulsive), and 10m<λ<1000m. Perhaps surprisingly, at the time it was put forth this proposal of a new interaction with a strength of 1% of gravity was consistent with all existing data. Comprehensive reviews of the story at this stage have been given by DeRujula [2] and Stacey et al.[3].
A new editor for the flagship ERS educational journal

As the new Chair of the ERS School, I am very happy to be writing my first editorial for Breathe as Chief Editor. This position offers the School Chair a great opportunity to disseminate some of the valuable material produced by the ERS School to a wide audience all across Europe and the World. In addition, the excellent articles now being submitted to the journal make Breathe an interesting, varied and informative publication.
The effects of name and religious priming on ratings of a well-known political figure, President Barack Obama.

Priming with race-typed names and religious concepts have been shown to activate stereotypes and increase prejudice towards out-groups. We examined the effects of name and religious word priming on views of a specific and well-known person, President Barack Obama. We predicted that politically conservative participants primed with President Obama’s middle name (Hussein) would rate him more negatively and be more likely to view him as a Muslim than those not shown his middle name. We also examined whether conservatives primed with concrete religious words would rate President Obama more negatively and be more likely to view him as Muslim than those primed with other word types. Furthermore, we predicted that those who mis-identify President Obama as Muslim would rate him more negatively than would those who view him as Christian. The results provided mixed support for these hypotheses. Conservatives primed with President Obama’s middle name rated him significantly more negatively than did those in the control condition. This effect was not found for politically liberal or moderate participants. Name priming did not significantly affect views of President Obama’s religious affiliation. Although not statistically significant, conservatives primed with abstract religious words tended to rate President Obama more negatively than did those primed with other word types. Religious word priming significantly influenced views of President Obama’s religious affiliation; interestingly, participants primed with abstract religious words were more likely to think President Obama is Muslim than were those primed with religious agent or non-religious words. As predicted, participants who thought president Obama was Muslim rated him significantly more negatively than did those who thought he was Christian. Overall, our results provide some evidence that ethnic name and religious word priming can significantly influence opinions, even with a well-known and specific person.