cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strawberry sap beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) distribution in New York and differential movement in two types of habitat

Two studies were conducted to quantify strawberry sap beetle (Stelidota geminata) distribution in New York, USA and to evaluate the potential of the strawberry sap beetle to move to habitats outside strawberries: (1) randomly selected farms were sampled and habitat surrounding strawberry fields characterized; and (2) marked adults were released in a strawberry and a fallow field to compare movement in different habitats. Strawberry sap beetles were found at all of the 14 farms sampled in the New York survey although the pest was not previously known to be present or considered a pest at all of the farms. The mean number of beetles caught in whole wheat bread dough-baited traps was negatively correlated with the day of sample collection. Berries were green or beginning to ripen in the first fields visited, while ripe and overripe berries likely competed with the whole wheat bread dough odour from traps in fields sampled later. The habitats most frequently found adjacent to the sampled fields were other strawberry fields and cover crops or fallow fields. The movement study showed that the beetles do fly in the field. Individuals were found with a resin mark from an adjacent site up to 17 and 50 m from their release points in strawberry and the fallow field, respectively, indicating that lines of traps were not extended far enough to adequately evaluate the dispersal capability of the beetles. Most of the beetles caught in the first 24 h likely entered the traps prior to the afternoon rainfall on the day beetles were released, suggesting that beetles covered the distance to the traps by flying rather than walking.
SoC FPAA immersed junior level circuits course

We present our junior level class implementation moving from classical discrete circuit concept towards system level design. This approach was enabled using large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) (ECE 3400). The approach enables a first junior level transistor circuit course to build and verify system level designs. This course heavily utilized remote FPAA designs for their hands-on projects; the resulting class data usage generated by this system gives some information on class behavior. This discussion presents the implementation, analysis, and early assessment data for this first semester class.
Barriers to seeking care for urinary incontinence in Mexican American women

The majority of epidemiologic studies of urinary incontinence (UI) have been conducted in non-Hispanic populations. We conducted a case-control study to identify factors associated with delayed care-seeking behavior in adult Mexican American women with UI. Cases were women with UI who sought care >2 years after the onset of symptoms (delayed care group). Controls were women with UI who sought care ≤2 years after the onset of symptoms. Participants were women who self-identified as Mexican American, Hispanic, Chicana or Latina, and were 18 years of age or older. A total of 209 records (107 cases and 102 controls) were available for analysis. Of the women in the delayed care and control groups, 32% and 23%, respectively, were ≥66 years of age (P = 0.12). Women in the delayed care group were less likely than those in the control group to report that the following item was a barrier (adjusted OR = 0.54, P = 0.06): “The wait is too long to the appointment”. Women in the delayed care group were twice as likely as those in the control group (adjusted OR = 2.17, P = 0.03) to agree that lack of interest on the part of the health-care practitioner and staff was a barrier. In addition to standardized responses, open-ended responses were solicited and the most frequent barrier was lack of knowledge. Among Mexican American women with UI, those who delayed seeking care for their UI were more likely than those who sought care promptly to cite lack of interest on the part of a health-care provider as a barrier to seeking care in a timely fashion.
The Stories Packages Tell, A Typology of Product Stories Told on Grocery Product Packages: An Abstract

On an average trip to the supermarket, a consumer is exposed to more than 20,000 products, usually in less than 30 min. The modern supermarket is a self-service shopping experience, and packaging plays a critical role in influencing consumers at the point of sale. The product package, now, at once plays the role of the merchant, shopkeeper, and sales agent; the product package is now the storyteller for the brand. Most research into product packages focuses on the psychology of visual package design and consumer perceptions of what the product contained within the package will be like based on the visual stimulus of the package. But product packages are not one-sided, so this study instead focuses on the branded text on product packages. Package stories are narrative texts found on consumer packaged goods that serve as marketing communications tools, beyond labeling requirements. Beyond indirectly alluding to the importance of stories for packaged branded goods, marketing theory offers no frameworks or archetypes for the strategic understanding of brand stories. Thus, a simple research question “What types of stories to packages tell?” has no readily available answer. As such, this research took to an exploratory investigation of the brand stories as told on product packages, with the goal of uncovering a typology of package stories. A grounded content analysis was conducted on the package stories on more than 300 product packages, representing 19 different product categories in the FMCG sector. A two-level typology of storylines was created. It was found that all package stories first orient toward one of three time horizons: the past, the present, or the future. Within each of these temporal orientations lie a number of key plot foci, and it is proposed that there are ultimately 15 such archetypal plotlines across the three orientations. Each of these archetypes ultimately articulates what, at the core, the brand story is about. The first implication of this research is that product package and brand stories follow patterns, and understanding stories as formulaic constructions implies that brand stories can be managerially engineered for strategic purposes. Additionally, this research also suggests that certain stories become more prominent for certain product categories than others. The second implication, thus, is that the brand story be considered as a product attribute that can be engineered as a tool for competitive positioning.
Are ultracompact minihalos really ultracompact

Ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs) have emerged as a valuable probe of the primordial power spectrum of density fluctuations at small scales. UCMHs are expected to form at early times in regions with $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and they are theorized to possess an extremely compact $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\propto}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}9/4}$ radial density profile, which enhances their observable signatures. Nonobservation of UCMHs can thus constrain the primordial power spectrum. Using $N$-body simulations to study the collapse of extreme density peaks at $z\ensuremath{\simeq}1000$, we show that UCMHs forming under realistic conditions do not develop the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\propto}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}9/4}$ profile and instead develop either $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\propto}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3/2}$ or $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\propto}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ inner density profiles depending on the shape of the power spectrum. We also demonstrate via idealized simulations that self-similarity---the absence of a scale length---is necessary to produce a halo with the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\propto}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}9/4}$ profile, and we argue that this implies such halos cannot form from a Gaussian primordial density field. Prior constraints derived from UCMH nonobservation must be reworked in light of this discovery. Although the shallower density profile reduces UCMH visibility, our findings reduce their signal by as little as $\mathcal{O}({10}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ while allowing later-forming halos to be considered, which suggests that new constraints could be significantly stronger.
Population Genetic Structure in Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations Using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS).

USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [COL00719]; Colorado State University Libraries Open Access Research and Scholarship Fund
An equivalence study of interview platform: Does videoconference technology impact medical school acceptance rates of different groups?

Web-based interviewing may be an effective element of a medical school’s larger approach to promotion of holistic review, as recommended by the Association of American Medical Colleges, by facilitating the feasibility of including rural and community physicians in the interview process. Only 10% of medical schools offer videoconference interviews to applicants and little is known about the impact of this interview modality on the admissions process. This study investigated the impact of overall acceptance rates using videoconference interviews and face-to-face interviews in the medical school selection process using an equivalence trial design. The University of New Mexico School of Medicine integrated a videoconferencing interview option for community and rural physician interviewers in a pseudo-random fashion during the 2014–2016 admissions cycles. Logistic regression was conducted to examine whether videoconference interviews impacted acceptance rates or the characteristics of accepted students. Demographic, admissions and diversity factors were analyzed that included applicant age, MCAT score, cumulative GPA, gender, underrepresented in medicine, socioeconomic status and geographic residency. Data from 752 interviews were analyzed. Adjusted rates of acceptance for face-to-face (37.0%; 95% CI 28.2, 46.7%) and videoconference (36.1%; 95% CI 17.8, 59.5%) interviews were within an a priori ± 5% margin of equivalence. Both interview conditions yielded highly diverse groups of admitted students. Having a higher medical college admission test score, grade point average, and self-identifying as disadvantaged increased odds of admission in both interview modalities. Integration of the videoconference interview did not impact the overall acceptance of a highly diverse and qualified group of applicants, and allowed rural and community physicians to participate in the medical school interview process as well as allowed campus faculty and medical student committee members to interview remotely.
One name can change many things: Influences of mentioning political candidates on network agenda-setting effects in the 2016 U.S. election

As an application study of the network agenda-setting model, this study examines how the media and public network agendas can differ, based on which political candidate was mentioned along with the immigration issue in news coverage and in public tweets. Through network analyses, this study shows that there were differences in the salient attributes of the immigration issue, and that the dominant narrative structure of the issue depended on which political candidate was mentioned.
Decreasing Incidence of Skin and Soft-tissue Infections in 86 US Emergency Departments, 2009-2014.

Background The incidence of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), for which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor, in United States emergency departments (EDs) increased dramatically after 2000 with the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Few studies have examined SSTI incidence among HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in the United States after 2010. Methods Data were obtained for patient encounters at all academic medical center EDs affiliated with the Vizient clinical data warehouse assigned an SSTI-associated code based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014. The rate was calculated per 1000 ED encounters by year and stratified by SSTI, HIV infection, or both, and by age group, race, payer type, and region of care. Poisson regression was used to assess temporal change over the study period. Results In 2009-2014, a total of 47317 HIV-associated and 820440 SSTI-associated encounters were recorded among 25239781 ED patient encounters. The rate of SSTIs decreased by 8% among all patients and by 14.6%, among those with HIV infection. The SSTI incidence overall decreased from 32.0 to 29.7 per 1000 ED encounters between 2009 and 2014. HIV-infected patients had a significantly higher rate of SSTIs than HIV-uninfected patients (adjusted rate ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.84-1.99). Conclusions The decline in SSTI incidence in US EDs between 2009 and 2014 is a remarkable epidemiologic shift from the increase in SSTIs after 2000, and further research is necessary to assess reasons for this decrease.
Look What's Happening to Our Earth

(1975). Look What's Happening to Our Earth. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 11-21.
Relationships Among Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior: Results from a Nationally Representative Probability Sample of Adults in the United States.

Sexual orientation is a multi-dimensional concept, at a minimum comprised of sexual identity, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior. Our study aimed to assess relationships among self-identified sexual identity, sexual attraction, and sexual behaviors in a probability sample of adults in the U.S. and to identify associated factors with diverse patterns. We collected data from adults in the 2015 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, an Internet-based nationally representative probability survey of the general U.S. population. Concordance between sexual identity versus sexual attraction and sexual behaviors was assessed using percent agreement. We identified correlates of discordance using logistic regression. Concordance between sexual identity versus sexual attraction and past-year sexual behaviors was 94% and 96%, respectively, though our sample was predominately composed of heterosexual individuals. Women and sexual minority individuals reported greater discordance across sexuality-related measures than men and heterosexual individuals. Younger adults (aged 18–24 years) were more likely to report sexual behaviors discordant with sexual identity compared with older adults (including those ages 25–34 years). Higher levels of educational attainment were significantly associated with less discordance of reported recent sexual activity and sexual identity. Measures of sexual identity, attraction, and behaviors are not interchangeable. Future research should consider multiple sexuality-related measures in order to capture the complexity and variability of sexualities.
Total Synthesis Endeavors and Their Contributions to Science and Society: A Personal Account

The advent of organic synthesis in the 19th century, serendipitous as it was, set in motion a revolution in science that continues to evolve into increasing levels of sophistication and to expand i...
Abstract 18: Doubled lifespan in APCMin/+ mice by targeting MTAP

Humans with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) have increased risk of colon cancer. Mice with the APC Min/+ mutation provide an animal model of FAP. Interruption of epigenetic control by preventing salvage of S-adenosylmethionine from 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) was tested as a potential FAP therapy. 5′-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) catalyzes the phosphorolysis of MTA to adenine and methylthioribose-1-phosphate for methionine recycling. The effect of MTDIA, a transition state analogue of MTAP, was tested as an oral agent in APC Min/+ mice. Survival analysis with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day oral doses of MTDIA showed a 2-fold increase in mouse lifespan at the optimal 20 mg/kg/day dose. Metabolomic analysis (mouse liver) showed significant changes in metabolites relevant to methionine metabolism. The >4-fold increase in MTA, confirmed the physiologic target. Histologic analysis of intestinal tissue revealed slowed tumor progression in treated mice. RNAseq and Western blots provide additional information about the consequences of MTAP inhibition. Citation Format: Ross S. Firestone, Mu Feng, Vern L. Schramm. Doubled lifespan in APC Min/+ mice by targeting MTAP [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 18.
HPV RNA in-situ hybridization as a diagnostic aid in papillary laryngeal lesions.

Objectives In the larynx, differentiating squamous papillomas from de-novo papillary squamous dysplasias or squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) has significant consequences for management. Overlapping clinical presentations and cytologic changes across the spectrum of papillary lesions presents diagnostic challenges for otolaryngologists and pathologists. In this study, we evaluate whether ribonucleic acid (RNA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) for low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can help distinguish these lesions. Methods We constructed tissue microarrays from 97 papillary laryngeal lesions, including 61 squamous papillomas, two papillomas with dysplasia, two SCCs-ex papilloma, 14 papillary squamous dysplasias, and 18 papillary SCCs identified at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2000 and 2017. We performed RNA ISH using probes for low-risk and high-risk HPV types. Results Low-risk HPV RNA was identified in 55 benign papillomas (90%), two papillomas with dysplasia (100%), and two SCCs-ex papilloma (100%) but was absent in de-novo papillary dysplasias and SCCs (0%). High-risk HPV RNA ISH was positive only in four papillary SCC (22%). Overall, low-risk HPV RNA ISH was 90% sensitive and 89% specific for benign papillomas with a positive predictive value of 93% and negative predictive value of 84%. In contrast, high-risk HPV was 20% sensitive for SCC. Conclusion Low-risk HPV RNA ISH is a useful diagnostic adjunct for distinguishing laryngeal squamous papillomas from papillary squamous dysplasia and SCC. However, it is not entirely specific for benign processes as it is also retained in papillomas with dysplasia and SCCs-ex papilloma. Because high-risk HPV is rare in papillary laryngeal lesions, high-risk HPV RNA ISH has limited utility. Level of evidence Level 4 Laryngoscope, 130:955-960, 2020.
Standardization of a UV LED Peak Wavelength, Emission Spectrum, and Irradiance Measurement and Comparison Protocol.

Standard protocols for the measurement of irradiance, peak wavelength, and emission spectra have not yet been established for UV LED devices. This lack of standardization creates an uneven field fo...
Antibiotic resistance genes, class 1 integrons, and IncP-1/IncQ-1 plasmids in irrigation return flows

Abstract Surface waters could be a dominant route by which antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are disseminated. In the present study we explored the prevalence and abundance of ARGs [blaCTX-M-1, erm(B), sul1, tet(B), tet(M), and tet(X)], class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1), and IncP-1 and IncQ-1 plasmids in eight irrigation return flows (IRFs) and a background site (Main Line Canal, MLC) in the Upper Snake Rock watershed in southern Idaho. Grab samples were collected on a monthly basis for a calendar year, which were processed to extract microbial DNA, followed by droplet digital PCR to quantify the gene copies on an absolute (per 100 mL) and relative (per 16S rRNA gene copies) basis. The antibiotic resistance and intI1 genes and IncP-1/IncQ-1 plasmids were recovered at all IRF sampling sites with detections ranging from 55 to 81 out of 81 water sampling events. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was detected the least frequently (68%), while the other genes were detected more frequently (88–100%). All of the genes were also detected at MLC from April to Oct when water was present in the canal. The genes from lowest to greatest relative abundance in the IRFs were: blaCTX-M-1
Pythagorean Theorem with Hippocrates’ Lunes

Is it possible to place a lune on the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of the other two lunes placed on the legs of the triangle? In this article, I use dynamic geometry software and spreadsheets in an attempt to answer this question along with the conditions satisfying the existence of such a lune. This in the classroom article also offers a method of investigating a trigonometric equation involving two variables using spreadsheets and dynamic geometry snapshots that are presented in a manner that complements the analytic and the visual approaches. I conclude by reinforcing the idea that the Pythagorean Theorem is indeed a relationship of areas, with or without the restriction that the lunes placed on the sides of a right triangle be similar.
The biphasic role of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) in modulating tumor-forming potential

LB-202 Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and the ability of cancer cells to adapt to hypoxia is important for tumor progression. The cellular response to hypoxic stress is controlled by a family of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). To investigate the relationship between PHD, HIF1 activity, and cellular transformation we characterized the expression levels of PHD isoforms across a lineage of human fibroblast cell strains. These cells, derived one from the other, each one having acquired a characteristic related to malignant transformation, until the last change gave rise to a cell strain that by acquiring one more change, e.g., an RAS oncogene, becomes capable of forming malignant tumors in athymic mice with a short latency. Using these cells we have shown that PHD2 represents the primary HIF prolyl hydroxylase within this lineage of cells and that PHD2 levels decrease as the cell exhibits more transformed characteristics. When PHD2 levels were altered with RNAi in non-tumorigenic fibroblasts we found that moderate decreases in PHD2 activity can lead to malignant transformation, whereas cells with a more severe loss of PHD2 were unable to form tumors. Consistent with these results, direct chemical inhibition of PHD2 activity in transformed cells reverses a cell’s transformed characteristics. Moreover, we found that overexpression of PHD2 in malignant fibroblasts leads to loss of the tumor-forming ability. These changes correlated with HIF1-activated glycolytic rates, vascularization, and the ability to grow under hypoxic stress. These findings suggest a biphasic model for the relationship between PHD2 activity and malignant transformation: With a slight decrease in PHD2 activity the cells gain an advantage such as enhanced glycolysis and angiogenesis and become malignantly transformed. As PHD2 activity is further decreased, the pro-death response might become the dominant signal and the increased adaptation would be overwhelmed. The dual nature of this response is presumably due to PHD2’s ability to alter the cellular balance between hypoxic-induced adaptation and pro-death responses.
Translesion synthesis of 6-nitrochrysene-derived 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine adduct in human cells

6-Nitrochrysene (6-NC) is a potent mutagen in bacteria and carcinogenic in animals. It is the most potent carcinogen ever tested in newborn mouse assay. DNA lesions resulting from 6-NC modification are likely to induce mutations if they are not removed by cellular defense pathways prior to DNA replication. Earlier studies showed that 6-NC-derived C8-2'-deoxyadenosine adduct, N-(dA-8-yl)-6-AC, is very slowly repaired in human cells. In this study, we have investigated replication of N-(dA-8-yl)-6-AC in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells and the roles of translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases in bypassing it. Replication of a plasmid containing a single site-specific N-(dA-8-yl)-6-AC adduct in HEK 293 T cells showed that human DNA polymerase (hPol) η and hPol κ played important roles in bypassing the adduct, since TLS efficiency was reduced to 26 % in the absence of these two polymerases compared to 83 % in polymerase-competent HEK 293T cells. The progeny from HEK 293T cells provided 12.7 % mutants predominantly containing A→T transversions. Mutation frequency (MF) was increased to 17.8 % in hPol η-deficient cells, whereas it was decreased to 3.3 % and 3.9 % when the adduct containing plasmid was replicated in hPol κ- and hPol ζ-deficient cells, respectively. The greatest reduction in MF by more than 90 % (to MF 1.2 %) was observed in hPol ζ-knockout cells in which hPol κ was knocked down. Taken together, these results suggest that hPol κ and hPol ζ are involved in the error-prone TLS of N-(dA-8-yl)-6-AC, while hPol η performs error-free bypass.
The Implementation of Results-Driven Accountability: A Systemic Approach to Large-Scale Initiatives:

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has undergone revisions roughly every 5 years since inception. Despite these modifications, the academic and social outcomes for students with disabi...
A modular, easy-to-use microcapillary electrophoresis system with laser-induced fluorescence for quantitative compositional analysis of trace organic molecules

Microcapillary electrophoresis (μCE) enables high-resolution separations in miniaturized, automated microfluidic devices. Pairing this powerful separation technique with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) enables a highly sensitive, quantitative, and compositional analysis of organic molecule monomers and short polymers, which are essential, ubiquitous components of life on Earth. Improving methods for their detection has applications to multiple scientific fields, particularly those related to medicine, industry, and space science. Here, a modular benchtop system using μCE with LIF detection was constructed and tested by analyzing standard amino acid samples of valine, serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid in multiple borate buffered solutions of increasing concentrations from 10 mM to 50 mM, all pH 9.5. The 35 mM borate buffer solution generated the highest resolution before Joule heating dominated. The limits of detection of alanine and glycine using 35 mM borate buffer were found to be 2.12 nM and 2.91 nM, respectively, comparable to other state-of-the-art μCE-LIF instruments. This benchtop system is amenable to a variety of detectors, including a photomultiplier tube, a silicon photomultiplier, or a spectrometer, and currently employs a spectrometer for facile multi-wavelength detection. Furthermore, the microdevice is easily exchanged to fit the desired application of the system, and optical components within the central filter cube can be easily replaced to target alternative fluorescent dyes. This work represents a significant step forward for the analysis of small organic molecules and biopolymers using μCE-LIF systems.
The origin and use of shell bead money in California

Abstract The Chumash Indians produced shell beads for thousands of years in the Santa Barbara Channel region, with special bead-manufacturing sites well-documented. Archaeologists specializing in this region have suggested that shell bead money was initially used about 800 years ago. Archaeological correlates are presented to help determine criteria for the identification of shell bead money versus shell beads used for other purposes, such as ornamentation and status markers. Based on multiple lines of evidence, I propose that the use of shell money started about 1,000 years earlier than previously thought in Southern and Central California, dating back to about 2,000 BP. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources document that currency was used to facilitate trade, extend social networks, purchase foodstuffs and objects, including ceremonial regalia, pay for services, and pay debts as part of redistribution. In Northern California, shell beads were used differently and were integral to bridewealth and debt that was incurred as part of this practice.
APOBEC mutagenesis inhibits breast cancer growth through induction of a T cell-mediated antitumor immune response

ABSTRACT The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases is one of the most common endogenous sources of mutations in human cancer. Genomic studies of tumors have found that APOBEC mutational signatures are particularly enriched in the HER2 subtype of breast cancer and have been associated with immunotherapy response in diverse cancer types. However, the direct consequences of APOBEC mutagenesis on the tumor immune microenvironment have not been thoroughly investigated. To address this, we developed syngeneic murine mammary tumor models with inducible expression of APOBEC3B. We found that APOBEC activity induces an antitumor adaptive immune response and CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor growth inhibition. While polyclonal APOBEC tumors had a moderate growth defect, clonal APOBEC tumors were almost completely rejected by the immune system, suggesting that APOBEC-mediated genetic heterogeneity limits the antitumor adaptive immune response. Consistent with the observed immune infiltration in APOBEC tumors, APOBEC activity sensitized HER2-driven breast tumors to checkpoint inhibition. In human breast cancers, the relationship between APOBEC mutagenesis and immunogenicity varied by breast cancer subtype and the frequency of subclonal mutations. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the sensitivity of APOBEC tumors to checkpoint inhibitors and suggests a rationale for using APOBEC mutational signatures as a biomarker predicting immunotherapy response in HER2-positive breast cancers. SIGNIFICANCE APOBEC mutational signatures are observed in many cancers, yet the consequences of these mutations on the tumor immune microenvironment are not well understood. Using a novel mouse model, we show that APOBEC activity sensitizes HER2-driven mammary tumors to checkpoint inhibition and could inform immunotherapy treatment strategies for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Concordance between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult (CAT-A) over-reporting validity scales for detecting invalid ADHD symptom reporting.

This study investigated the relationship between symptom validity scales on the Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult (CAT-A) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restruct...
Serial Dependence in the perception of attractiveness

The perception of attractiveness is essential for choices of food, object, and mate preference. Like perception of other visual features, perception of attractiveness is stable despite constant changes of image properties due to factors like occlusion, visual noise, and eye movements. Recent results demonstrate that perception of low-level stimulus features and even more complex attributes like human identity are biased towards recent percepts. This effect is often called serial dependence. Some recent studies have suggested that serial dependence also exists for perceived facial attractiveness, though there is also concern that the reported effects are due to response bias. Here we used an attractiveness-rating task to test the existence of serial dependence in perceived facial attractiveness. Our results demonstrate that perceived face attractiveness was pulled by the attractiveness level of facial images encountered up to 6 s prior. This effect was not due to response bias and did not rely on the previous motor response. This perceptual pull increased as the difference in attractiveness between previous and current stimuli increased. Our results reconcile previously conflicting findings and extend previous work, demonstrating that sequential dependence in perception operates across different levels of visual analysis, even at the highest levels of perceptual interpretation.
Facility power usage modeling and short term prediction with artificial neural networks

Residential and commercial buildings accounted for about 68% of the total U.S electricity consumption in 2002 Improving the energy efficiency of buildings can save energy, reduce cost, and protect the global environment In this research, artificial neural network is employed to model and predict the facility power usage of campus buildings The prediction is based on the building power usage history and weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc Different neural network configurations are discussed; satisfactory computer simulation results are obtained and presented.
Congruent Release of Long-Lived Radionuclides from Multiple Canister Arrays

Results are presented of an analytical study of mass release of a long-lived radionuclide from multiple waste canisters placed in a water-saturated repository in a two-dimensional array configurati...
Chondrule cooling rates inferred from diffusive profiles in metal lumps from the Acfer 097 CR2 chondrite

Abstract— CR chondrites contain metal lumps (>300 μm) either attached to chondrule silicates or apparently isolated in the matrix. Here, laser ablation microanalysis of six metal lumps from a polished thin section of the Acfer 097 CR2 chondrite at 15 μm spatial resolution revealed zoning profiles for the volatile elements Cu and Ga. The mutual diffusivities of Cu and Ga were used to infer T ∼ 1473 ± 100 K from the correlation of Cu versus Ga. The cooling rates of the metal lumps were calculated to be 0.5–50 K h−1 for Tp ∼ 1473 ± 100 K, with a maximum possible range of 0.1–400 K h−1 for Tp ∼ 1200–1800 K, overlapping the range of cooling rates inferred from petrological studies of type I chondrules (10–1000 K h−1). Chondrule textures were established near the peak heating temperatures of chondrules (approximately 1900–2000 K), while the Cu and Ga diffusive profiles were established after solidification (T ∼ 1500 K), consistent with nonlinear cooling. Furthermore, one chondrule (N2) has a more complex zoning profile that is modeled as a three-stage cooling history involving initial cooling at approximately 1 K h−1, followed by mild re-heating (T ∼ 1700 K) that re-evaporated Cu and Ga from the outer approximately 100 μm of the metal lump and then cooled again at approximately 5 K h−1. The thermal effects of parent body and other preaccretionary heating events on the Cu and Ga zoning profiles are examined. Although CR parent bodies have experienced aqueous alteration, the thermal effects of this process can neither produce nor erase the Cu and Ga diffusive profiles. Thus, metal lumps in CR chondrites record the solid-state thermal history of chondrules as they travelled away from the chondrule-forming region.
Butanol-Extractable Iodine in Human and Bovine Colostrum and Milk

High total iodine content and significant amounts of iodinated amino acids, but not of thyronines, have been reported in milk of various species. Since the human neonate requires thyroxine-like iodine compounds for central nervous system development, analyses of thyroxine-like iodine compounds such as butanol-extractable iodine of colostrum or early milk were indicated. Four samples of human milk 2-5 days post-delivery and 11 samples of bovine milk were examined for butanol-extractable iodine content. Thyroxine-like iodine compounds of colostrum or milk soon after parturition were extremely low, but total iodine values of milk supply abundant inorganic iodine for the mature neonatal thyroid.
Still the Angel in the Household: Political Cartoons of Elizabeth Dole's Presidential Campaign

ABSTRACT This study is an analysis of political cartoons published about Elizabeth Dole during her 1999 campaign for the Republican presidential nomination. A number of earlier researchers have examined media texts to evaluate how female, as compared to male, candidates are dealt with, but very few studies have focused on the representation of female candidates in political cartoons. In this examination of over 750 cartoons about the campaign in general, only 30 were found to be about Dole thus leading to the conclusion that political cartoonists paid her little attention of any sort. In those 30 cartoons, more often than not, Dole was represented not as a presidential candidate or even as an independent person, but as the wife of Robert Dole. She further was sexualized and domesticated by:(1) the settings in which she was depicted (often her home); (2) representations of her as the object of her husband's sexual revitalization by Viagra, the erectile dysfunction drug; and (3) her nurturance of her husban...
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency associated with mutations in a copper transporter gene.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on what is arguably the most important aspect of the trial, characterization of a distinctive neurochemical pattern that has proven extremely useful as a rapid and reliable diagnostic marker for Menkes disease and OHS. Over the past 6 years, the National Institutes of Health has offered a treatment protocol (parenteral copper replacement) for infants and children with these disorders. This abnormal neurochemical pattern includes the plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of five catechols (dihydroxyphenylalanine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, dopamine, norepinephrine, and dihydroxyphenylglycol) whose levels are directly influenced by the activity of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), a copper-containing enzyme. Quantitation of plasma and/or CSF catechol levels provides a sensitive and specific indicator of partial DBH deficiency in humans with mutations in ATP7A. The assay has a particularly valuable application in the very early identification of affected infants, for whom diagnosis by clinical or alternative biochemical parameters is problematic, and who may benefit significantly from early recognition and treatment. As ob served, Menkes disease patients show a neurochemical pattern that is similar to that in patients with congenital absence of DBH: elevated levels of dihydroxyphenylalanine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and dopamine and low levels of dihydroxyphenylglycol.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bladder cancer prevention.

Inclusion of phenacetin among ‘proven’ human carcinogens by the IARC in 1987, raised concerns about the carcinogenic potential of acetaminophen, its major metabolite. Acetaminophen has been implicated as a possible causal agent in the development of cancer of the renal pelvis. The bladder and renal pelvis, which derive from the same embryological structure, share the same transitional type of epithelium. Past studies have been inconclusive on the possible relationship among these analgesics and bladder cancer but no large, highly detailed study of this association has been conducted. A population-based case–control study conducted in Los Angeles, California, involved 1514 incident bladder cancer cases and an equal number of controls who were matched to the index cases by sex, date of birth (within 5 years) and race. Detailed information on medication use and prior medical conditions was collected through in-person interviews. Regular use of analgesics was not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in either men or women. In fact, compared with non- or irregular users, regular analgesic users were at a decreased risk of bladder cancer overall (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.96). However, there were clear differences in both the direction and strength of the associations between the different formulation classes of analgesics and bladder cancer risk. Intake of phenacetin was positively related to bladder cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner while intake of its major metabolite in humans, acetaminophen, was unrelated to risk. Intake of all classes of NSAIDs, except pyrazolon derivatives, were negatively associated with bladder cancer risk, with suggestive evidence that the protective effect varies in strength by subcategories of formulation. Acetic acids seemed to exhibit the strongest protective effect, whereas aspirin/other salicylic acids and oxicam showed the weakest protection. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Bone Growth and Maturation

Growth is commonly defined as an increase in size, but more specificity is needed. An increase in size of the whole body or of an organ such as a bone may be caused by one or a combination of three processes: (1) Hyperplasia, or an increase in cell number, which involves duplication of DNA and cellular division; (2) Hypertrophy, or an increase in cell size, with true hypertrophy implying an increase in the size of the active functional elements of a cell, such as occurs in skeletal muscle with exercise; and (3) Storage of organic or nonorganic materials within or among cells. Each of these three processes occurs during bone growth, but the extent to which any one of them dominates depends on age or maturity and the part of the bone considered. Furthermore, these processes are often reversed in localized areas. While the overall change is an increase in size, some parts of a bone may become smaller or may be removed completely. In such areas, there is a reduction in cell number or cell size or in the amounts of organic or nonorganic material that are stored. Commonly, all these processes are combined.
Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yōkai

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Michael Dylan Foster Year: 2008 Pages: 312 Publisher: University of California Press ISBN: 978-0-520-25361-2 (hard cover). Prices: 978-0-520-25362-9(hard cover).
The Barker hypothesis: how pediatricans will diagnose and prevent common adult-onset diseases.

Since the original observations of Barker, it has become apparent that environmental factors during prenatal and postnatal life can have profound effects on the programming of intracellular signals, cell-to-cell interactions, and metabolic pathways. These adaptations of the human genome can affect the onset of both adult and childhood disorders. One might imagine that perinatologists and pediatricians may be able to screen infants for increased risks to diseases by whole genome analysis, searching for variation in the genetic code, and searching the epigenome for variations in gene expression. Furthermore, observations exist in prior clinical trials (12) and in animal models (15, 16) that these same physicians may be able to alter certain programs thereby reducing risks to these disorders.
Evolution of collective behavior in a team of physically linked robots

In this paper we address the problem of how a group of four assembled simulated robots forming a linear structure can co-ordinate and move as straight and as fast as possible. This problem is solved in a rather simple and effective way by providing the robots with a sensor that detects the direction and intensity of the traction that the turret exerts on the chassis of each robot and by evolving their neural controllers. We also show how the evolved robots are able to generalize their ability in rather different circumstance by: (a) producing co-ordinated movements in teams with varying size, topology, and type of links; (b) displaying individual or collective obstacle avoidance behaviors when placed in an environment with obstacles; (c) displaying object pushing/pulling behavior when connected to or around a given object.
Entanglement, noise, and the cumulant expansion.

We put forward a simpler and improved variation of a recently proposed method to overcome the signal-to-noise problem found in Monte Carlo calculations of the entanglement entropy of interacting fermions. The present method takes advantage of the approximate log-normal distributions that characterize the signal-to-noise properties of other approaches. In addition, we show that a simple rewriting of the formalism allows circumvention of the inversion of the restricted one-body density matrix in the calculation of the nth Renyi entanglement entropy for n>2. We test our technique by implementing it in combination with the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm and calculating the n=2,3,4,⋯,10 Renyi entropies of the one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model. We use that data to extrapolate to the von Neumann (n=1) and n→∞ cases.
A Generalized Least-Squares Estimate for the Origin of Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility

Analysis of nucleotide sequences that regulate the expression of self-incompatibility in flowering plants affords a direct means of examining classical hypotheses for the origin and evolution of this major feature of mating systems. Departing from the classical view of monophyly of all forms of self-incompatibility, the current paradigm for the origin of self-incompatibility postulates multiple episodes of recruitment and modification of preexisting genes. In Brassica, the S locus, which regulates sporophytic self-incompatibility, shows homology to a multigene family present both in self-compatible congeners and in groups for which this form of self-incompatibility is atypical. A phylogenetic analysis of S-allele sequences together with homologous sequences that do not cosegregate with self-incompatibility permits dating the change of function that marked the origin of self-incompatibility. A generalized least-squares method is introduced that provides closed-form expressions for estimates and standard errors for function-specific divergence rates and times of divergence among sequences. This analysis suggests that the age of the sporophytic self-incompatibility system expressed in Brassica exceeds species divergence within the genus by four- to fivefold. The extraordinarily high levels of sequence diversity exhibited by S alleles appears to reflect their ancient derivation, with the alternative hypothesis of hypermutability rejected by the analysis.
Music of the Hemispheres

How does the human brain perceive music? In his Perspective, Tramo takes us on a musical journey through the brain, pointing out all of the areas that are involved in the hearing and appreciation of music.
Associations between maternal childhood maltreatment and psychopathology and aggression during pregnancy and postpartum.

Abstract Objective This study examines the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and psychopathology and aggression in intimate relationships during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Method Forty-four pregnant women who were recruited from an obstetric clinic and local advertising periodical completed questionnaires about childhood maltreatment and psychopathology during their first trimester of pregnancy. Approximately 1 year after the birth of the child, 32 of the original participants completed these same questionnaires. Regression models were used to test the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology and aggression during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Results Sexual abuse and emotional neglect were related to psychopathology during pregnancy, and emotional neglect and physical abuse and neglect predicted poorer maternal outcomes 1 year postpartum. Contrary to expectations, physical abuse was related to less aggression during pregnancy, and emotional abuse was associated with less pathology postpartum. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that childhood maltreatment is associated with poorer maternal mental health during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum and points to the need to improve targeting and treatment of psychopathology during this time.
Residual Stress Measurement in a Pt-Aluminide Bond Coat

The residual stress induced in a Pt-aluminide bond coat formed on a single-crystal superalloy has been measured. The stresses arise because of the thermal expansion misfit with the substrate on cooling from the manufacturing temperature. Since the lattice parameters are unknown, the interpretation of diffraction measurements is problematic, and the “wafer” curvature method has been applied. This method required that the substrate thickness be systematically reduced by mechanical thinning. It was also required that curvature measurements be made with the bond coat present as well as after it had been removed by thinning. This approach revealed that the bond coat is in residual tension, 140MPa, consistent with its thermal expansion coefficient, relative to that for the substrate.