cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum Homology of fibrations over $S^2$

This paper studies the (small) quantum homology and cohomology of fibrations p:P→S2 whose structural group is the group of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of the fiber (M, ω). It gives a proof that the rational cohomology splits additively as the vector space tensor product H*(M)⊗H*(S2), and investigates conditions under which the ring structure also splits, thus generalizing work of Lalonde–McDuff–Polterovich and Seidel. The main tool is a study of certain operations in the quantum homology of the total space P and of the fiber M, whose properties reflect the relations between the Gromov–Witten invariants of P and M. In order to establish these properties we further develop the language introduced in [22] to describe the virtual moduli cycle (defined by Liu–Tian, Fukaya–Ono, Li–Tian, Ruan and Siebert).
Efficient acyclic stereocontrol using the tethered aminohydroxylation reaction.

The tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) of acyclic allylic carbamates has been achieved in a stereospecific and stereoselective manner. Unusually high levels of stereocontrol were observed in the oxidation of 1,1-disubstituted substrates.
Parenting Efficacy Related to Childhood Obesity: Comparison of Parent and Child Perceptions

The aim of this study was to explore child and parent perceptions of parenting efficacy related to child BMI. This descriptive, cross-sectional study recruited 27 parent–child dyads participating in a healthy eating/activity intervention. Parent and child perceptions of parenting efficacy were measured using a version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE). Paired sample t test and correlational statistics were used. Parents and children had similar perception of parenting efficacy. Child report of parenting efficacy and child BMI was significant. Exploring perceptions of parenting efficacy will help individualize family-focused intervention programs to prevent obesity in children.
On uniform positivity of transition densities of small noise constrained diffusions

Constrained diffusions in convex polyhedral cones with a general oblique reflection field, and with a diffusion coefficient scaled by a small parameter $\varepsilon> 0$, are considered. Using an interior Dirichlet heat kernel lower bound estimate for second order elliptic operators in bounded domains from Zhang (1995), certain uniform in $\varepsilon$ lower bounds on transition densities of such constrained diffusions are established. These lower bounds together with results from Biswas & Budhiraja (2011) give, under additional stability conditions, an exponential leveling property as $\varepsilon \to 0$ for exit times from suitable bounded domains.
Anisotropic magnetization, specific heat and resistivity of RFe2Ge2 single crystals

Abstract We have grown RFe2Ge2 single crystals for R=Y and ten members of the lanthanide series (Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu) using Sn flux as the solvent. The method yields clean, high quality crystal plates as evidenced by residual resistivities and RRR values in the range of 3–12 μΩ cm and 20–90, respectively. The crystals are also virtually free of magnetic impurities or secondary phases, allowing the study of the intrinsic anisotropic magnetic behavior of each compound. Characterization was made with X-Ray diffraction, and temperature and field-dependent magnetization, specific heat and resistivity. Very strong anisotropies arising mostly from CEF effects were observed for all magnetic rare earths except Gd. Antiferromagnetic ordering occurred at temperatures between 16.5 K (Nd) and 1.1 K (Ho) that roughly scale with the de Gennes factor for the heavy rare earths. For some members there is also a lower temperature transition associated with changes in the magnetic structure. Tm did not order down to 0.4 K, and appears to be a van Vleck paramagnet. All members which ordered above 2 K showed a metamagnetic transition at 2 K for fields below 70 kOe. The calculated effective moments per rare earth atom are close to the expected free ion values of R3+ except for Sm which displays anomalous behavior in the paramagnetic state. The non-magnetic members of this series (Y, Lu) are characterized by an unusually large electronic specific heat coefficient ( γ∼60 mJ/mol K 2 ) and temperature-independent susceptibility term ( χ 0 ∼0.003 emu/mol ), indicative of a relatively large density of states at the Fermi surface.
Three-Dimensional Heat-and Mass-Transfer Effects across High-Speed Reattaching Flows

A theoretical study is made of periodic spanwise disturbances in nominally two-dimensional reattaching laminar and turbulent separated flows. A compressible small disturbance flow analysis of the local vortex instability mechanism involved is made emphasizing the three-dimensional heat-transfer effects including blowing or suction through the surface. It is shown that Reynolds analogy does not apply between the disturbance skin friction and heat transfer. The corresponding thermal response of the wall surface is also analyzed taking into account the spanwise heat conduction within the underlying surface materials; it is governed by the characteristic ratio of boundary layer heat transfer to the spanwise heat conduction. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Vision-Based Local-Level Frame Mapping and Planning in Spherical Coordinates for Miniature Air Vehicles

This paper presents a vision-based collision avoidance technique for small and miniature air vehicles (MAVs) using local-level frame mapping and planning in spherical coordinates. To explicitly address the obstacle initialization problem, the maps are parameterized using the inverse time-to-collision (TTC). Using bearing-only measurements, an extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate the inverse TTC, azimuth, and elevation to obstacles. Nonlinear observability analysis is used to derive conditions for the observability of the system. Based on these conditions, we design a path planning algorithm that simultaneously minimizes the uncertainties in state estimation while avoiding collisions with obstacles. The behavior of the planning algorithm is analyzed, and the characteristics of the environment in which the planning algorithm is guaranteed to generate collision-free paths for MAVs are described. Numerical results show that the proposed method is successful in solving the path planning problem for MAVs.
DYNAMIC WAGE AND EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF ELDER PARENT CARE

This article formulates and estimates a dynamic discrete choice model of elder parent care and work to analyze how caregiving affects a woman's current and future labor force participation and wages. The model incorporates parental health changes, human capital accumulation, and job offer availability. The estimates indicate that women face low probabilities of returning to work or increasing work hours after a caregiving spell. I use the estimated model to simulate the caregiving, employment, and welfare effects of a longer unpaid work leave than currently available under the Family and Medical Leave Act, a paid leave, and a caregiver allowance.
Analysis of nonlinear electromagnetic metamaterials

We derive the expressions for the effective nonlinear susceptibilities of a metacrystal formed from resonant elements that couple strongly to the magnetic field. We experimentally illustrate the accuracy and validity of our theoretical framework.
Quantum Field Theory

Quantum field theory is the framework in which the regnant theories of the electroweak and strong interactions, which together form the standard model, are formulated. Quantum electrodynamics (QED), besides providing a complete foundation for atomic physics and chemistry, has supported calculations of physical quantities with unparalleled precision. The experimentally measured value of the magnetic dipole moment of the muon, $${\left({{g_\mu } - 2} \right)_{\exp }} = 233\,184\,600\,\left({1680} \right) \times {10^{ - 11}},$$ for example, should be compared with the theoretical prediction $${\left({{g_\mu } - 2} \right)_{{\rm{theor}}}} = 233\,183\,478\,\left( {308} \right) \times {10^{ - 11}}$$ (see the chapter by Hughes and Kinoshita on pp. 223-233 in this book).
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Eight‐Membered‐Ring Allenes from Propargylic Epoxides and Aldehydes by Silylene Insertion into Carbon–Oxygen Bonds

Bent out of shape: Silver-catalyzed insertions of silylenes into propargylic CO bonds of epoxides regioselectively form 1,2-silaoxetanes, which add to aldehydes to give the title allenes as single diastereomers (see scheme; Ts=4-toluenesulfonyl). An X-ray crystal structure confirmed the stereochemistry of the allene, which is bent significantly from linearity (164°).
Stannyl cyclopropanes by diastereoselective cyclopropanations with (tributylstannyl)-diazoacetate esters catalyzed by Cu(I) N-heterocyclic carbene.

Catalyzed cyclopropanations of alkenes with Bu3SnC(N2)CO2R (R = Et, t-Bu) have been achieved in good yield with excellent diastereoselectivity to make stannyl cyclopropanes having two or three stereocenters, one of which is quaternary.
An Artificial Neural Network in Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting of a University Campus: A Case Study

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting the short-term electrical load of a university campus using real historical data from Colorado State University. A spatio-temporal ANN model with multiple weather variables as well as time identifiers, such as day of week and time of day, are used as inputs to the network presented. The choice of the number of hidden neurons in the network is made using statistical information and taking into account the point of diminishing returns. The performance of this ANN is quantified using three error metrics: the mean average percent error (MAPE); the error in the ability to predict the occurrence of the daily peak hour; and the difference in electrical energy consumption between the predicted and the actual values in a 24-hour period. These error measures provide a good indication of the constraints and applicability of these predictions. In the presence of some enabling technologies such as energy storage, rescheduling of non-critical loads, and availability of time of use (ToU) pricing, the possible DSM options that could stem from an accurate prediction of energy consumption of a campus include the identification of anomalous events as well the management of usage.© 2012 ASME
Novel lactone compounds from Mortierella verticillata that induce the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene: fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities.

Among methods of controlling hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia is the direct stimulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. Two novel lactone compounds, CJ-12, 950 and CJ-13, 357, containing an unusual oxime moiety, were isolated from a zygomycete Mortierella verticillata. These lactones are potent inducers of the LDL receptor gene in vitro, that enhanced LDL receptor expression in human hepatocytes 2-fold at 100nM.
NiCl2(dppe)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Mesylates, Arenesulfonates, and Halides with Arylboronic Acids

An investigation of the NiCl2(dppe)-, NiCl2(dppb)-, NiCl2(dppf)-, NiCl2(PCy3)2-, and NiCl2(PPh3)2-catalyzed cross-coupling of the previously unreported aryl mesylates, and of aryl arenesulfonates, chlorides, bromides, and iodides containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents with aryl boronic acids, in the absence of a reducing agent, is reported. NiCl2(dppe) was the only catalyst that exhibited high and solvent-independent activity in the two solvents investigated, toluene and dioxane. NiCl2(dppe) with an excess of dppe, NiCl2(dppe)/dppe, was reactive in the cross-coupling of electron-poor aryl mesylates, tosylates, chlorides, bromides, and iodides. This catalyst was also efficient in the cross-coupling of aryl bromides and iodides containing electron-donating substituents. Most surprisingly, the replacement of the excess dppe from NiCl2(dppe)/dppe with excess PPh3 generated NiCl2(dppe)/PPh3, which was found to be reactive for the cross-coupling of both electron-rich and electron-poo...
Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antiviral activities of new neolignans related to honokiol and magnolol

A series of new bisphenol derivatives bearing allylic moieties were synthesized as potential analogs of honokiol and/or magnolol. Certain compounds exhibited specific anti-proliferation activity against SVR cells and moderate anti-HIV-1 activity in primary human lymphocytes. Compound 5h was the most potent compound and its anti-tumor activity was evaluated in vivo.
Optimal Design of Private Litigation

Abstract This article translates and extends Becker (1968) from public law enforcement to private litigation by examining optimal legal system design in a model with private suits, signals of case strength, court error, and two types of primary behavior: harmful acts that may be deterred and benign acts that may be chilled. The instruments examined are filing fees or subsidies that may be imposed on either party, damage awards and payments by unsuccessful plaintiffs (each of which may be decoupled), and the stringency of the evidence threshold (burden of proof). With no constraints, results arbitrarily close to the first best can be implemented. Prior analyses of optimal damage awards, decoupling, and fee shifting are shown to involve special cases. More important, previous results change qualitatively when implicit assumptions are relaxed. For example, introducing a filing fee can make it optimal to minimize what losing plaintiffs pay winning defendants and to reduce the evidence threshold as much as possible — even though the direct effect of these adjustments is to chill desirable behavior, a key feature absent in prior work.
Subsidies and Structure: The Lasting Impact of the Hill-Burton Program on the Hospital Industry

We study the effect of public subsidies from the Hill-Burton program on hospital capacity, organization of the hospital industry, and utilization. We estimate that the program accounted for a net increase of over 70,000 beds nationwide and that these effects lasted well beyond twenty years. We also show that differences in the number of hospital beds per capita between high- and low-income counties, rural and urban counties, and the South and the rest of the country fell substantially. We conclude that the program largely achieved its goals, with substantial and long-lasting effects on the U.S. hospital industry.
Charting a Course for the Australian Wine Industry: Insights from New England Australia.

For a period of almost thirty years the Australian wine industry experienced rapid growth and a concurrent expansion in productive capacity, buoyed by higher prices largely attributable to increased export demand. For example, from 1990-91 to 2007-08, production expanded from 346 million litres to 1.25 billion litres per annum, with export volume increasing from 57 million litres to a little over 714 million litres in the same time period (ABS 2009). This expansion saw a marked increase in the number of domestic wineries, from approximately 600 in 1990-91 to almost 1900 in 2004-05. It also witnessed a geographic dispersion of grape growing and wine production; with the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) recently listing no fewer than 86 wine producing regions (Jackson 2009).
A new mechanism for chondrule formation: Radiative heating by hot planetesimals

Abstract We propose that chondrules are formed by radiative heating of pre-existing dust clumps during close fly-bys of planetesimals with incandescent lava at their surfaces. We show that the required temperatures and cooling rates are easily achieved in this scenario and discuss how it is consistent with bulk aspects of chondritic meteorites, including complementarity and the co-mingling of FeO-poor and FeO-rich chondrules.
Seeing the Offenders’ Perspective Through the Eye-Tracking Device: Methodological Insights From a Study of Shoplifters

This article examines the utility of a novel tool for conducting offender-based research: the “eye-tracking device” (ETD), which is designed to identify what a person sees in the center of his or h...
The impact of social segregation on human mobility in developing and industrialized regions

This study leverages mobile phone data to analyze human mobility patterns in a developing nation, especially in comparison to those of a more industrialized nation. Developing regions, such as the Ivory Coast, are marked by a number of factors that may influence mobility, such as less infrastructural coverage and maturity, less economic resources and stability, and in some cases, more cultural and language-based diversity. By comparing mobile phone data collected from the Ivory Coast to similar data collected in Portugal, we are able to highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences in mobility patterns - such as differences in likelihood to travel, as well as in the time required to travel - that are relevant to consideration on policy, infrastructure, and economic development. Our study illustrates how cultural and linguistic diversity in developing regions (such as Ivory Coast) can present challenges to mobility models that perform well and were conceptualized in less culturally diverse regions. Finally, we address these challenges by proposing novel techniques to assess the strength of borders in a regional partitioning scheme and to quantify the impact of border strength on mobility model accuracy.
Products as Self-Evaluation Standards: When Owned and Unowned Products Have Opposite Effects on Self-Judgment

Consumers frequently evaluate their own traits before making consumption decisions (e.g., “Am I thin enough for skinny jeans?”). The outcome of these self-evaluations depends on the standard consumers use and on whether they evaluate “self” in assimilation or contrast to that standard. Previous self-judgment research has focused on self-standards that arise from social aspects of the environment including people and groups. We propose that self-judgment is sometimes made relative to other standards that originate from different aspects of the environment, namely material objects, including products and goods. Two experiments demonstrate that consumers classify products they own as “self” and products they do not own as “not-self.” Consequently, consumers judge their own physical and personal traits (e.g., height, sincerity) in assimilation to traits of products they own, but in contrast to traits of products they do not own, even following imposed ownership, when a person acquires an object they may not have chosen themselves. Extending this paradigm, experiment 3 shows that simply wearing products can evoke ephemeral felt ownership, leading to consumers taking on product traits. We discuss implications for modern consumers, who often acquire objects inadvertently through gifts and are frequently exposed to products they do not own through advertisements.
Simple and fast rounding algorithms for directed and node-weighted multiway cut

We study the multiway cut problem in directed graphs and one of its special cases, the node-weighted multiway cut problem in undirected graphs. In Directed Multiway Cut (Dir-MC) the input is an edge-weighted directed graph G = (V, E) and a set of k terminal nodes {s1, s2, . . ., sk} ⊆ V; the goal is to find a min-weight subset of edges whose removal ensures that there is no path from si to sj for any i ≠ j. In Node-weighted Multiway Cut (Node-wt-MC) the input is a node-weighted undirected graph G and a set of k terminal nodes {s1, S2, . . . ., sk} ⊆ V; the goal is to find a min-weight subset of nodes whose removal ensures that there is no path from si to sj for any i ≠ j. Dir-MC admits a 2-approximation [28] and Node-wt-MC admits a 2(1 - 1/k)-approximation [21], both via rounding of LP relaxations. Previous rounding algorithms for these problems, from nearly twenty years ago, are based on careful rounding of an optimum solution to an LP relaxation. This is particularly true for Dir-MC for which the rounding relies on a custom LP formulation instead of the natural distance based LP relaxation [28].In this paper we describe extremely simple and near linear-time rounding algorithms for Dir-MC and Mode-wt-MC via a natural distance based LP relaxation. The dual of this relaxation is a special case of the maximum multicommodity flow problem. Our algorithms achieve the same bounds as before but have the significant advantage in that they can work with any feasible solution to the relaxation. Consequently, in addition to obtaining "book" proofs of LP rounding for these two basic problems, we also obtain significantly faster approximation algorithms by taking advantage of known algorithms for computing near-optimal solutions for maximum multicommodity flow problems. We also investigate lower bounds for Dir-MC when k = 2 and prove that the integrality gap of the LP relaxation is 2 even in planar directed graphs.
Convergence of Magnus integral addition theorems for confluent hypergeometric functions

ABSTRACTIn 1946, Magnus presented an addition theorem for the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind U with argument x+y expressed as an integral of a product of two U's, one with argument x and another with argument y. We take advantage of recently obtained asymptotics for U with large complex first parameter to determine a domain of convergence for Magnus' result. Using well-known specializations of U, we obtain corresponding integral addition theorems with precise domains of convergence for modified parabolic cylinder functions, and Hankel, Macdonald, and Bessel functions of the first and second kind with order zero and one.
Conflation of Short Identity-by-Descent Segments Bias Their Inferred Length Distribution

Identity-by-descent (IBD) is a fundamental concept in genetics with many applications. In a common definition, two haplotypes are said to share an IBD segment if that segment is inherited from a recent shared common ancestor without intervening recombination. Segments several cM long can be efficiently detected by a number of algorithms using high-density SNP array data from a population sample, and there are currently efforts to detect shorter segments from sequencing. Here, we study a problem of identifiability: because existing approaches detect IBD based on contiguous segments of identity-by-state, inferred long segments of IBD may arise from the conflation of smaller, nearby IBD segments. We quantified this effect using coalescent simulations, finding that significant proportions of inferred segments 1–2 cM long are results of conflations of two or more shorter segments, each at least 0.2 cM or longer, under demographic scenarios typical for modern humans for all programs tested. The impact of such conflation is much smaller for longer (> 2 cM) segments. This biases the inferred IBD segment length distribution, and so can affect downstream inferences that depend on the assumption that each segment of IBD derives from a single common ancestor. As an example, we present and analyze an estimator of the de novo mutation rate using IBD segments, and demonstrate that unmodeled conflation leads to underestimates of the ages of the common ancestors on these segments, and hence a significant overestimate of the mutation rate. Understanding the conflation effect in detail will make its correction in future methods more tractable.
A Natural Resource Theory of U.S. Crop Insurance Contract Choice

A large variety of subsidized crop insurance products are available to U.S. crop growers. Distinct and perhaps puzzling patterns in the choices of insurance products and coverage levels can be discerned. Where production conditions are better and yields are less risky then (a) higher insurance coverage levels are chosen; and (b) revenue insurance is preferred over yield insurance. Also, (c) the extent of preference for revenue insurance is stronger in more productive areas. Assuming, as many do, that growers seek to maximize subsidy transfers, point (a) can be explained by the interaction between yield technology and natural resource endowments. Points (b) and (c) can be explained by location in conjunction with the "natural hedge" and a contract design bias in how revenue insurance guarantees are computed. Empirical study of Risk Management Agency data on corn, soybean, and wheat yields, and insurance contract choices lend support to our model inferences.
Unilateral substitutability implies substitutable completability in many-to-one matching with contracts

Abstract We prove that the unilateral substitutability property introduced in Hatfield and Kojima (2010) implies the substitutable completability property from Hatfield and Kominers (2014) . This paper provides a novel linkage between these two sufficient conditions for the existence of a stable matching in many-to-one matching markets with contracts. A substitutable completion of a preference is a substitutable preference created by adding some sets of contracts to the original preference order. We provide an algorithm which when operated on the unilaterally substitutable preferences produces such a substitutable completion. Thus it provides a constructive proof of the connection between the two properties.
Games People Play in Supervision

This article attempts to make explicit the variety of games most frequently played in supervision, reviewing the rationale behind supervisory gamesmanship, the ploys used, and the counter-cames that have been devised. The emphasis is on games developed and utilized by supervisees, although the gamesmanship potentialities of supervisors are also suggested.Copyright of Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping is theproperty of Cleveland State University and its content may not be copied oremailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyrightholder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, oremail articles for individual use.
Induced magnetic moment in the magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking

Abstract The chiral symmetry breaking in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio effective model of quarks in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated. We show that new interaction tensor channels open up via Fierz identities due to the explicit breaking of the rotational symmetry by the magnetic field. We demonstrate that the magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking leads to the generation of two independent condensates, the conventional chiral condensate and a spin-one condensate. While the chiral condensate generates, as usual, a dynamical fermion mass, the new condensate enters as a dynamical anomalous magnetic moment in the dispersion of the quasiparticles. Since the pair, formed by a quark and an antiquark with opposite spins, possesses a resultant magnetic moment, an external magnetic field can align it giving rise to a net magnetic moment for the ground state. The two condensates contribute to the effective mass of the LLL quasiparticles in such a way that the critical temperature for chiral symmetry restoration becomes enhanced.
Seed-Based Approach for Automated Crack Detection from Pavement Images

An accurate and reliable pavement crack detection system plays an important role in evaluating pavement condition and providing needed information for decision making for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. Among existing crack detection methods, the seed-based image segmentation method has proved to be fast and efficient for automated crack detection. However, its performance is not stable under varying conditions. This paper proposes an extended and optimized seed-based crack detection method after an extensive review of current practices. The proposed method included two main steps. In the first step, pavement images were preprocessed. Lane marking was masked to be a noncrack area and the nonuniform background of the images was corrected. In the second step, crack seeds were detected through grid cell analysis and then connected through a Euclidean minimum spanning tree construction. In addition, undesirable small objects, such as minimal branches and noises, were removed by a path length–based re...
Symmetric Complementation

This paper introduces a class of 1 player games of perfect information, which we call complementing games;; the player is allowed moves which complement the value of successive plays. A complementing game is symmetric if all noncomplement moves are reversible (i.e., form a symmetric relation). These games are naturally related to a class of machines we call symmetric complementing machines. Symmetric nondeterministic machines were studied in [Lewis and Papadimitriou, 80]; they are identical to our symmetric complementing machines with complement moves allowed only on termination. (A companion paper to appear describes the computational complexity of symmetric complementing and alternating machines.) Of particular interest is the complexity class -&-Sgr;(
Never let your sense of morals keep you from doing what's right: using newly dead bodies as educational resources.

Aside from living human beings, newly dead bodies present the most realistic models available for allowing novice medical professionals to acquire the skills they need to perform certain invasive procedures. For many years, medical educators have taken advantage of opportunities presented by such bodies, encouraging beginners to use them for practicing essential professional skills. The last decade, however, has seen a fair amount of commentary criticizing and even condemning this long-standing educational practice. In this article, I present and defend a contrary point of view. Until synthetic devices whose educational value equals that of newly dead bodies become readily available, we should encourage rather than condemn use of a unique resource that can no longer be helped or harmed.
FluidNet: a flexible cloud-based radio access network for small cells

Cloud-based radio access networks (C-RAN) have been proposed as a cost-efficient way of deploying small cells. Unlike conventional RANs, a C-RAN decouples the baseband processing unit (BBU) from the remote radio head (RRH), allowing for centralized operation of BBUs and scalable deployment of light-weight RRHs as small cells. In this work, we argue that the intelligent configuration of the front-haul network between the BBUs and RRHs, is essential in delivering the performance and energy benefits to the RAN and the BBU pool, respectively. We propose FluidNet---a scalable, light-weight framework for realizing the full potential of C-RAN. FluidNet deploys a logically re-configurable front-haul to apply appropriate transmission strategies in different parts of the network and hence cater effectively to both heterogeneous user profiles and dynamic traffic load patterns. FluidNet's algorithms determine configurations that maximize the traffic demand satisfied on the RAN, while simultaneously optimizing the compute resource usage in the BBU pool. We prototype FluidNet on a 6 BBU, 6 RRH WiMAX C-RAN testbed. Prototype evaluations and large-scale simulations reveal that FluidNet's ability to re-configure its front-haul and tailor transmission strategies provides a 50% improvement in satisfying traffic demands, while reducing the compute resource usage in the BBU pool by 50% compared to baseline schemes.
A Decade of Lattice Cryptography

Lattice-based cryptography is the use of conjectured hard problems on point lattices in Rn as the foundation for secure cryptographic systems. Attractive features of lattice cryptography include apparent resistance to quantum attacks in contrast with most number-theoretic cryptography, high asymptotic efficiency and parallelism, security under worst-case intractability assumptions, and solutions to long-standing open problems in cryptography. This work surveys most of the major developments in lattice cryptography over the past ten years. The main focus is on the foundational short integer solution SIS and learning with errors LWE problems and their more efficient ring-based variants, their provable hardness assuming the worst-case intractability of standard lattice problems, and their many cryptographic applications.
The influence of map scale on engineering geologic mapping

Various engineering geologic maps ranging from statewide to local site studies have been developed during recent years in Missouri for land-use planning purposes. Because this work has been initiated at the request of and with the support of various regional planning agencies, the scope and content of these maps has varied greatly.
Public Versus Private Provision of Public Goods

It is well known that public goods are underprovided in a static setting with voluntary contributions. Public provision—in a median voter framework with proportional taxation—generally exceeds private provision. This paper compares private and public provision of public goods in a dynamic setting. In a dynamic setting, voluntary donations can result in efficient provision. Also, majority-rule solutions exist even when taxes are not proportional to income. At low discount factors, public provision tends to exceed private provision. As patience increases, however, private provision may exceed public provision. This occurs because many outcomes with a low level of public good provision—and potentially large targeted transfer payments to particular individuals—become sustainable under public provision. Under private provision, however, large targeted transfers are unsustainable. To finance the public good, private provision tends to result in benefit taxation, and public provision tends to result in progressive taxation.
Physicians' neonatal resuscitation of extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants.

PURPOSE To examine the perceptions of physicians who make delivery room decisions to resuscitate extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates at marginal viability. Nurses, parents, economists, and ethicists have questioned resuscitation of ELBW neonates, many of whom experience high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet no systematic studies were found that addressed physicians' perceptions and delivery room decisions. DESIGN Descriptive, using naturalistic inquiry. A national U.S. convenience sample was obtained in 1996-1997 of 54 physicians in five perinatal subspecialties who resuscitated ELBW neonates. METHODS Tape-recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using NUD*IST software and line-by-line constant comparison. FINDINGS Despite awareness of the high morbidity and mortality, 96 percent of the physicians offered resuscitation to all ELBW neonates in the delivery room. The main factors affecting their decisions were "the role of the physician;" having been "trained to save lives;" the belief that "if called, I resuscitate;" the inability to determine gestational age; requests from parents to "do everything;" and the need to move from a "chaotic" delivery room to a controlled neonatal intensive care unit. Six major themes were: role expectation, uncertainty, awareness, internal and external forces, burden, and continuing quandaries. Physicians were burdened by the devastated and dying babies, by their inability to predict which neonates had a chance for intact survival, and by conflicts with colleagues about viability. Statistical probability of survival, legal constraints, and cost of care did not appear to affect greatly their decisions. Physicians asked that society and national policy makers set parameters for resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS The American Academy of Pediatrics' Neonatal Resuscitation Protocol needs revision to delineate the ethical criteria for resuscitation. Early prenatal education for families which clearly teaches the margins of viability and outcomes of early deliveries is also recommended. Physicians must be supported in changing the resuscitation paradigm.
Picking Pesky Parameters: Optimizing Regular Expression Matching in Practice

Network security systems inspect packet payloads for signatures of attacks. These systems use regular expression matching at their core. Many techniques for implementing regular expression matching at line rate have been proposed. Solutions differ in the type of automaton used (i.e., deterministic versus non-deterministic) and in the configuration of implementation-specific parameters. While each solution has been shown to perform well on specific rule sets and traffic patterns, there has been no systematic comparison across a large set of solutions, rule sets and traffic patterns. Thus, it is extremely challenging for a practitioner to make an informed decision within the plethora of existing algorithmic and architectural proposals. Moreover, as multi-core processors are becoming popular, many parameters need to be tuned to maximize the multi-core potential. To address this problem, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a broad set of regular expression matching techniques. We consider both algorithmic and architectural aspects. Specifically, we explore the performance, area requirements, and power consumption of implementations targeting multi-core processors and FPGAs using rule sets of practical size and complexity. We present detailed performance results and specific guidelines for determining optimal configurations based on a simple evaluation of the rule set. These guidelines can help significantlywhen implementing regular expression matching systems in practice.
An Options Pricing Method for Calculating the Market Price of Public Sector Pension Liabilities

State and local public sector employee pensions are widely known to be underfunded, but pension financial reports do not reveal the true extent of funding shortfalls. Pension accounting methods assume that plan investments can earn high returns without taking any account of the market risk involved. This gives a false sense of the financial strength of public sector pensions and understates risks to taxpayers. Since accrued pension benefits are legally and constitutionally protected, any pension funding shortfalls must be met by taxpayers. This benefit guarantee amounts to an effective put option on plan investments, the cost of which is not disclosed under current actuarial accounting. This paper uses an options pricing method to calculate the market value of taxpayer guarantees underlying public sector pensions. The average funding ratio declines from 83 percent under actuarial accounting to 45 percent under this options pricing approach. The typical state has unfunded public pension liabilities three times larger than its explicit government debt. Public pension shortfalls equal an average of 27 percent of state gross domestic product, posing a significant fiscal challenge in coming years. Accurate measures of public pension liabilities are important for policy makers, taxpayers, investors considering the economic environment in which to start or locate a business, and bond purchasers considering the risk premia appropriate to municipal government bonds that are in practice subordinate to public pension liabilities.
A policy-based intervention for the reduction of communication breakdowns in inpatient surgical care: Results from a harvard surgical safety collaborative

ABSTRACTAfter technical errors, the most common cause of avoidable adverse events during inpatient surgical care is communication-related breakdowns. Lapses in communication have been associated with delays in care and increased patient morbidity. A previous study conducted at 4 academic medical cen
Role of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration evaluating adrenal gland enlargement or mass.

Role of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration evaluating adrenal gland enlargement or mass
THE DISCIPLINARY ROLE OF FAILED TAKEOVER ATTEMPTS

I find that the CEO turnover in target firms following failed takeover attempts is 21% greater than matched nontarget firms and negatively correlated with stock returns both before and during the attempt. Target firms are 14% more likely than matched nontarget firms to initiate corporate restructurings during the failed attempt. Restructured firms have more positive stock returns during this period and are less likely to experience subsequent CEO turnover. When restructurings do not occur, active outside blockholders are more likely to emerge and facilitate CEO turnover. These findings indicate that failed takeover attempts can play a disciplinary role.
Water Productivity in Agriculture: Looking for Water in the Agricultural Productivity and Efficiency Literature

Expectations are that the agricultural sector will have to expand the use of water for irrigation to meet rising food demand, while at the same time the competition for water resources is growing in many regions. Increasing water productivity in agriculture is widely seen as a critical response to help address this challenge. Yet much of the public debate is vague on the meaning of agricultural water productivity — often emphasizing “more crop per drop” as if water were the only input that mattered —, and approaches for assessing and increasing water productivity are seldom addressed systematically. This paper discusses conceptual issues that should be kept in mind when assessing agricultural water productivity, and presents findings from what may be the first survey of the agricultural productivity and efficiency literature with regard to the explicit inclusion of water aspects in productivity and efficiency measurements. The survey comprises studies applying single-factor productivity (SFP) measures, total factor productivity (TFP) indices and frontier models. Studies using deductive methods are also included. A key finding is that the studies tend to either incorporate field- and basin-level aspects but focus only on a single input (water), or they apply multi-factor approaches but do not tackle the basin-level aspects. It seems that no study has yet presented an approach that accounts for multiple inputs and basin-level issues. Deductive methods may provide the flexibility to overcome some of the limitations of the other methods.
Infectivity of sporozoites of Plasmodium cathemerium 3H2 exposed in vitro to hen and canary bloods.

SummaryCanaries were injected intramuscularly with sporozoites of P. cathemerium 3H2 in pooled hen or canary blood, the sporozoite-blood mixtures having been incubated previously at 41.5° C, with agitation, for periods of 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2, and 2 1/2 hours. Of 80 canaries injected with sporozoites in canary blood, 97.5% became infected; of 76 canaries injected with sporozoites in hen blood, 2.6% became infected. All 74 canaries which failed to become infected when injected with sporozoites in hen blood did become infected when subsequently bitten by infected mosquitoes. It is felt that these findings suggest the existence of a factor in the blood of the hen that prevents the initiation by the sporo-zoite of the exoerythrocytic cycle in the canary.
Neuroradiologic Findings in AIDS: A Review of 200 Cases

The radiologic studies of 200 consecutive AIDS patients with neurologic symptoms were evaluated to determine their diagnostic specificity and prognostic value. Of 81 patients with initially normal CT scans, four (5%) later developed progressive neurologic illness. Of 75 patients with CT evidence of diffuse cerebral atrophy, 12 (16%) later developed CT abnormalities or had postmortem CNS disease. CT scans showed mass lesions initially in 44 patients and later in an additional seven patients. Although toxoplasma gondii infection was the most frequent cause of these lesions, the CT characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis are too nonspecific to warrant diagnosis without biopsy. Preliminary evidence suggests that MRI may be more sensitive than CT in detecting intracranial disease in patients with AIDS.
On the complexity and performance of parsing with derivatives

Current algorithms for context-free parsing inflict a trade-off between ease of understanding, ease of implementation, theoretical complexity, and practical performance. No algorithm achieves all of these properties simultaneously. Might et al. introduced parsing with derivatives, which handles arbitrary context-free grammars while being both easy to understand and simple to implement. Despite much initial enthusiasm and a multitude of independent implementations, its worst-case complexity has never been proven to be better than exponential. In fact, high-level arguments claiming it is fundamentally exponential have been advanced and even accepted as part of the folklore. Performance ended up being sluggish in practice, and this sluggishness was taken as informal evidence of exponentiality. In this paper, we reexamine the performance of parsing with derivatives. We have discovered that it is not exponential but, in fact, cubic. Moreover, simple (though perhaps not obvious) modifications to the implementation by Might et al. lead to an implementation that is not only easy to understand but also highly performant in practice.
Platinum/yttrium iron garnet inverted structures for spin current transport

30-80 nm thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on a 5 nm thick sputtered Pt atop gadolinium gallium garnet substrate (GGG) (110). Upon post-growth rapid thermal annealing, single crystal YIG(110) emerges as if it were epitaxially grown on GGG(110) despite the presence of the intermediate Pt film. The YIG surface shows atomic steps with the root-mean-square roughness of 0.12 nm on flat terraces. Both Pt/YIG and GGG/Pt interfaces are atomically sharp. The resulting YIG(110) films show clear in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with a well-defined easy axis along 〈001〉 and a peak-to-peak ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of 7.5 Oe at 9.32 GHz, similar to YIG epitaxially grown on GGG. Both spin Hall magnetoresistance and longitudinal spin Seebeck effects in the inverted bilayers indicate excellent Pt/YIG interface quality.
Racially Restrictive Covenants—Were They Dignity Takings?

Racially restrictive covenants—subdivision rules or neighborhood agreements that “run with the land” to bar sales of rentals by minority members—were common and legally enforceable in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century. In spite of their demeaning character, these racial covenants took away opportunities from excluded minorities, rather than things, and thus they amounted to something less than the dramatic “dignity takings” that Bernadette Atuahene (2014) describes in her new book on dignity takings in South Africa. In this article, I explore some significant ways in which racially restrictive covenants differed from dignity takings as Atuahene defines them, as well as the shadowy similarities between racial covenants and Atuahene's dignity takings; I focus here on the dimensions of dehumanization, state involvement, and property takings. I conclude with a discussion of remedies, particularly considering measures that restore dignity through both public policies and private actions.
Accelerating extended least-squares migration with weighted conjugate gradient iteration

ABSTRACTLeast-squares migration (LSM) iteratively achieves a mean-square best fit to seismic reflection data, provided that a kinematically accurate velocity model is available. The subsurface offset extension adds extra degrees of freedom to the model, thereby allowing LSM to fit the data even in the event of significant velocity error. This type of extension also implies additional computational expense per iteration from crosscorrelating source and receiver wavefields over the subsurface offset, and therefore places a premium on rapid convergence. We have accelerated the convergence of extended least-squares migration by combining the conjugate gradient algorithm with weighted norms in range (data) and domain (model) spaces that render the extended Born modeling operator approximately unitary. We have developed numerical examples that demonstrate that the proposed algorithm dramatically reduces the number of iterations required to achieve a given level of fit or gradient reduction compared with conjuga...