cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: Experiences in the management of thirty-seven cases

This report reviews experiences in the management of 37 cases of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. The statistical analysis includes location, age, sex, size on initial presentation, and other variables relating to incidence and distribution. The technique of curettage or curettage with peripheral ostectomy was used in all cases treated surgically, resulting in no evidence of disease in 21 out of 23 cases followed postoperatively for 2 or more years. Radiation therapy was curative in one instance. Preoperative endodontic therapy for teeth in the field of surgery has proved to be advantageous. The pathogenesis of the giant cell granuloma of the jaws is discussed.
Optimization of Low-Velocity Impact Properties of E-Glass/Epoxy Composites Using Plasticizing Modifiers

The prime aim of this work is to enhance the energy absorbing capabilities of e-glass/epoxy composite under low velocity impact using plasticizing modifiers. Epoxy terminated polyol at 5–15 phr loading levels as plasticizing modifier was mixed into two-phase SC-15 epoxy resin system by a high speed mechanical stirrer. Modified epoxy resin system was then used to fabricate E-glass/epoxy composites by hot press processing. Low velocity impact test at two different energy levels was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of incorporating plasticizing modifier on impact properties of these composites. In addition, three point bend test was also conducted to examine the effects on flexure properties with plasticizing modifiers. Incorporation of epoxy terminated polyol in E-glass/epoxy laminates proved efficient with a significant improvement of 23% in impact energy absorption capability over control counterpart. On the other hand, flexure strength and modulus has been decreased upon polyol loading whereas failure strain has been increased. The flexible polymer chain of polyol group inserted between epoxy molecules by chemical reaction enhances the ductility of the composites and reduces the number of cross-linking. Hence, energy absorption capability or overall toughness was found to increase with a slight reduction of peak strength and flexure strength and stiffness.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Detection of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9q22.3 in microdissected sporadic basal cell carcinoma

Identification of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific genetic loci in cancer cells suggests the presence of a tumor suppressor gene within the deleted region. A basal cell carcinoma (BCC) susceptibility gene, human homolog of drosophila patched (PTC), has been recently cloned and localized on chromosome 9q22.3. Mutation and deletion of this region has been reported in BCCs using frozen tumor tissue. The objective of this study was to test whether LOH of human PTC on chromosome 9q22 could be detected in archival sporadic BCCs. We studied 20 randomly selected sporadic BCCs by microdissection and polymerase chain reaction using paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed material on glass slides. In all cases, analysis was performed with the polymorphic markers D9S53, D9S15, D9S287, and D9S303. The LOH frequencies were 30%, 42%, 56%, and 75% with D9S15, D9S287, D9S53, and D9S303, respectively. LOH at 9q22 was identified in 12 of 20 cases (60%) with at least one marker. Seven cases showed LOH with two markers, two cases with three markers, and one case showed LOH with all four markers. The results indicate that BCC LOH can be frequently identified in paraffin-embedded BCC after routine processing.
THREATS TO U.S. PUBLIC LANDS FROM CUMULATIVE HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS OUTSIDE OF THEIR BOUNDARIES

U.S. public lands are increasingly threatened by human alteration of hydrologic connections outside their boundaries. Cumulative effects of dams, impoundments, regulated flows, wetlands drainage, and groundwater extraction outside of public land boundaries can play a key role in controlling the hydrology and biology within these managed areas. Expanding human populations require more water, and they often look to public lands to meet their demands. Immediate challenges facing water resource managers are increased pressure to dam rivers and pump aquifers near public lands, as a result of water shortages exacerbated by droughts coupled with increased demands from municipal and agricultural growth. As pollutants become more concentrated in less water, water quality often becomes a major related issue. While these problems are particularly acute in rapidly growing regions of the arid West where water is severely limited, they are also emerging in the East. Data on cumulative effects of hydrologic alterations on the biological integrity of public lands have not been systematically assessed at a national level. However, emerging trends can be used to gauge the magnitude of outside pressures and to place water resource challenges into context. The U.S. National Park Service is participating in water rights adjudications in over 50 different park service units. The U.S. Forest Service currently has over 500 legal claims concerning water rights for national forests located in 55 basins of 11 Western states. Similar conflicts exist for national wildlife refuges which are particularly vulnerable to water quality and quantity problems because of their small size; in 1994, 150 out of 224 Western wildlife refuges reported conflicts with other water users, and only 98 reported that their existing water rights assured delivery of adequate water in an average year. As human demands for water continue to expand, financially strapped federal land management agencies have a greater need for strengthened institutional, legal, and scientific tools to manage hydrologic connections. Two case studies from different biogeographic extremes (Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge in the arid Nevada desert and the Caribbean National Forest in the wet tropics of Puerto Rico) illustrate the synergism that can occur between field managers and scientists in implementing localized solutions. Moreover, they highlight the critical need to address cumulative long-term effects of hydrologic alterations outside of public land boundaries. Recommendations include: establishment of more stream gaging stations and monitoring programs within and adjacent to public lands; development of new and innovative partnerships between federal land management agencies and both federal and academic scientists; and interdisciplinary research and development of science-based tools to predict cumulative and interactive effects of hydrologic alterations.
A Markov chain analysis of genetic algorithms with power of 2 cardinality alphabets

Abstract In this paper we model the run time behavior of GAs using higher cardinality representations as Markov chains, define the states of the Markov Chain and derive the transition probabilities of the corresponding transition matrix. We analyze the behavior of this chain and obtain bounds on its convergence rate and bounds on the runtime complexity of the GA. We further investigate the effects of using binary versus higher cardinality representation of a search space.
The impact of boundary conditions in free flow field step electrophoresis

The impact of the type of membrane used to separate the electrolyte compartments from the separation cell for continuous flow field step electrophoresis is examined using both experimental and computer simulation data. It is shown that the distinct transport characteristics of ion exchange membranes and dialysis membranes may have an effect on the stability of the pH and conductivity gradients created by the buffer system. These effects are interpreted using computer simulation data. The limitations of the model used to portray the transport characteristics of ion exchange membranes are discussed as are the experimental conditions which provide the greatest stability for field step electrophoresis.
Intra-cellular potential of rabbit corneal endothelial cells.

A stable potential difference across corneal endothelial cell membranes (−45±2 mV, 301 impalements) was measured by minimizing mechanical disturbances and penetrating the cells with microelectrodes of 50–150 MΩ resistance. A microelectrode tip could be kept in a cell for as long as 40 min. The highest stable potential difference obtained was −75 mV. In addition, the input resistance of the cells was 29 MΩ in the average (20 impalements; range 3·5 to 93 MΩ). Treatment with 10−4m ouabain and high [K+] in the external medium decreased the intra-cellular potential difference.
Eliminating unwanted loops in Prolog

Modifications to Prolog are proposed that make it possible to express transitive and symmetrical relations and biconditionals. This is done by blocking recursion under circumstances that would lead to infinite loops.
Cavitational mechanisms in ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis at 1 MHz.

Inertial cavitation is hypothesized to be a mechanism by which ultrasound (US) accelerates the dissolution of human blood clots when the clot is exposed to a thrombolytic agent such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). To test this hypothesis, radiolabeled fibrin clots were exposed or sham-exposed in vitro to 1 MHz c.w. US in a rotating sample holder immersed in a water-filled tank at 37 degrees C. Percent clot dissolution after 60 min of US exposure was assessed by removing the samples, centrifuging, and measuring the radioactivity of the supernatant fluid relative to the pelletized material. To suppress acoustic cavitation, the exposure tank was contained within a hyperbaric chamber capable of pneumatic pressurization to 10 atmospheres (gauge). Various combinations of static pressure (0, 2, 5, and 7.5 atm gauge), US (0 or 4 W/cm(2) SATA), and t-PA (0 or 10 microg/mL) were employed, showing statistically significant reductions in thrombolytic activity as static pressure increased. To gain further insight, an active cavitation detection scheme was employed in which 1-micros duration tonebursts of 20-MHz US (< 1 kPa peak negative pressure, 1 Hz PRF) were used to interrogate clots subjected to US and static pressure. Results of this cavitation detection scheme showed that scattering from within the clot and broadband acoustic emissions that were both present during insonification were significantly reduced with application of static pressure. However, only about half of the acceleration of thrombolysis due to US could be removed by static pressure, suggesting the possibility of other mechanisms in addition to inertial cavitation.
Perceptual Interference and Memory for Order

Abstract Interfering with the perception of words (by backward masking) can improve memory for occurrence (item memory) but may disrupt memory for order (Mulligan, 1999a). Six experiments further delineate the relationship between perceptual interference and order memory. Experiments 1–3 indicate that perceptual interference reduces order memory on tests of absolute position but not on tests of relative position, indicating that the multiple types of information may underlie different measures of order (Greene et al., 1998). Experiments 4–6 indicate that delaying the mask from 100 to 266 ms, a delay at which the mask no longer interferes with perception, eliminated the positive perceptual-interference effect in recognition but still produced worse performance on an order test of absolute position. Thus, the positive effects of perceptual interference on item memory can be dissociated from its negative impact on order memory. This implies that, in the case of perceptual interference, encoding of item information occurs at a different stage of processing than order encoding.
Priorities for the future for clinical research center perspective

Clinical research has by and large been responsible for the success achieved in treating pediatric cancer during the last 20 years. An important milestone has recently been reached with the passing of the halfway mark in the goal of curing all childhood cancer. It is important to re-evaluate our priorities and set future goals. The large multi-institutional cooperative groups have been the mainstay of past successes and should as their major goal continue work towards improvements in survival, particularly for those malignancies which continue to have a poor prognosis. The second priority should be the identification of potential long-term effects of childhood cancer and the effects associated with therapy. Concomitant with improvements in the cure rate it is our responsibility to ensure that cured patients can have the opportunity to enjoy productive, useful and happy lives. The third priority is to foster research of pilot clinical research to serve as a source of ideas to be used for future Phase III clinical trials. Moreover, increased efforts should be directed towards aspects of preventive oncology which requires increased knowledge regarding the etiology of childhood cancers.
Measuring CP asymmetry in B--> rho pi decays without ambiguities.

We reexamine the question of isospin analysis applied to the [rho][pi] decay modes of the [ital B] as a tool to extract the CKM angle between [ital V][sub [ital u][ital b]][sup *][ital V][sub [ital u][ital d]] and [ital V][sub [ital t][ital b]][sup *][ital V][sub [ital t][ital d]], without ambiguities or uncertainties due to penguin amplitude contributions. We find that a maximum-likelihood fit of the parameters to the full Dalitz plot distribution can successfully extract the parameters---perhaps with as few as 1000 events. This result is from a study of Monte Carlo--generated events without inclusion of detector efficiency or background effects. The interference between channels is a large effect and provides additional constraints on the parameters compared to channel-by-channel studies. These can usually lift the degeneracy between the multiple solutions that plague such studies. The inclusion of charged [ital B] decays in the analysis would provide a direct check of the standard model prediction that the penguin amplitude weak phase for this channel is canceled by the weak mixing phase.
Toxicity of Purified Proteins and the HD-1 Strain from Bacillus thuringiensis Against Lesser Cornstalk Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Toxicity of cryIA(a), cryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIC, and CryIIA proteins, and the HD-1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis was determined against neonate lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in diet incorporation bioassays. CryIIA was the most toxic of the individual proteins with an LC 50 (micrograms protein per gram diet) of 1.94. The LC 50 (micrograms protein per gram diet) for the HD-1 strain that contains all of the above mentioned proteins except CryIC was 5.46. The toxicity of CryIIA and the HD-1 strain suggests that these compounds could be used to efficaciously control E. lignosellus in peanut fields either in typical ground applications, or in the case of CryIIA, be overexpressed in other organisms such as plants or plant-colonizing bacteria.
Coarse-grained models for simulations of multiprotein complexes: application to ubiquitin binding.

We develop coarse-grained models and effective energy functions for simulating thermodynamic and structural properties of multi-protein complexes with relatively low binding affinity (Kd > 1 μM) and apply them to binding of Vps27 to membrane-tethered ubiquitin. Folded protein domains are represented as rigid bodies. The interactions between the domains are treated at the residue level with amino-acid dependent pair potentials and Debye-Huckel-type electrostatic interactions. Flexible linker peptides connecting rigid protein domains are represented as amino-acid beads on a polymer with appropriate stretching, bending, and torsion-angle potentials. In simulations of membrane-attached protein complexes, interactions between amino acids and the membrane are described by residue-dependent short-range potentials and long-range electrostatics. We parameterize the energy functions by fitting the osmotic second virial coefficient of lysozyme and the binding affinity of the ubiquitin-CUE complex. For validation, extensive replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations are performed of various protein complexes. Binding affinities for these complexes are in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulated structures are clustered on the basis of distance matrices between two proteins and ranked according to cluster population. In ∼70% of the complexes, the distance root mean square (DRMS) is less than 5 A from the experimental structures. In ∼90% of the complexes, the binding interfaces on both proteins are predicted correctly, and in all other cases at least one interface is correct. Transient and non-specifically bound structures are also observed. With the validated model, we simulate the interaction between the Vps27 multiprotein complex and a membrane-tethered ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is found to bind preferentially to the two UIM domains of Vps27, but transient interactions between ubiquitin and the VHS and FYVE domains are observed as well. These specific and non-specific interactions are found to be positively cooperative, resulting in a substantial enhancement of the overall binding affinity beyond the ∼300 μM of the specific domains. We also find that the interactions between ubiquitin and Vps27 are highly dynamic, with conformational rearrangements enabling binding of Vps27 to diverse targets as part of the multivesicular-body protein-sorting pathway.
Mechanisms of Progressive Glomerulosclerosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis

In this paper we provide an overview of the cellular changes that accompany progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Emphasis is placed on the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the proliferation of the mesangial cell and interstitial fibroblast. PDGF also stimulates the synthesis and expression of a protein called secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). TSP1 may have an important role in the conversion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β from its latent to active form. In turn, TGF-β appears to have a major role in mediating the extracellular matrix deposition that occurs with progressive glomerular and interstitial scarring.
DAMPING OF FLUID INFILTRATED NANOPOROUS MEDIA : PART II. RELAXATION TIME

For water confined in a nanoporous glass, the damping behavior is studied further. Specifically, this paper reports how the water transport process depends on temperature, specimen thickness, pore size, and water content. The experimental results seem to agree with the predictions of the preceding paper.
A Control Case for Glottochronology1

WE HAVE just passed the decade mark in the life history of an important lexicostatistical technique widely known to the anthropological fold as "glottochronology." Considering the lengthy bibliography which could be compiled in any attempt to survey the ink split on various applications and criticisms of the technique, we are immediately obliged to attest to its viability and relative importance. As a matter of fact, it represents, along with our current interests in ethnoscience, one of the most productive anthropological fads which have been derived from linguistics. Within linguistics, however, glottochronology has enjoyed much lower esteem and has been increasingly subject to malign in.the form of published critiques, the latter of varying degrees of potency, rigor, and specificity. Liaison in the United States between linguistics and anthropology is now such that linguists have sought out, for their criticisms of glottochronology, media of wide currency among anthropologists. Thus anthropologists have been kept well apprised of the linguists' reservations. As an example, the pages of Current Anthropology appear to have become the principal theater wherein glottochronology will undergo proofing. The recent article by Bergsland and Vogt (1962), with the sundry comments received in the course of 'CA treatment,' together with Hymes's earlier tour de force of lexicostatistics (1960) with its satellite comments and a subsequent addendum (Hymes et al. 1960) have done much to acquaint the anthropological audience with the nature of and the issues concerning lexicostatistical method. Glottochronology is a not radical development from methods used in historical and comparative linguistics. The recognition that certain lexical items are more resistant than others to replacement (especially by linguistic borrowing) early led to the exploitation of "basic" vocabulary in comparative work as a means for both establishing the fact of relatability between languages and for such procedures as the subgrouping of the languages thus shown to be related. Swadesh's study of the Salishan languages (1950) well illustrates the use of more traditional lexicostatistical procedures and is historically of interest because of its immediate antecedence to the jelling of ideas concerning the time dimension which gave to glottochronology its distinctive and very controversial character. The assumption of a constant rate of attrition (through time) among certain vocabulary items opened the way to the development of the technique as a means for dating the divergence of a protolanguage into descendent "daughter" languages. The involvement of chronology is what differentiates glottochronoloy from its less complex lexiocostatistical predecessors. Glottochronology thus made its debut in print when Swadesh (1952) and Lees (1953) geared in a time dimension to a set of pro-
Common sports hand injuries. An overview of aetiology, management and prevention.

Injuries to the hand are among the most common in all of sports. Appropriate care should include prompt diagnosis and treatment. Dislocations of the digits should be reduced promptly, particularly the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Volar dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint need to be splinted in full extension, and the more common dorsal dislocations in slight flexion. Collateral ligament injuries of the fingers respond well to initial immobilisation followed by early motion. Although ligament injuries to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint may be treated closed, they generally respond better to operative management. This is true particularly for those occurring on the ulnar side which are at risk for soft tissue interposition. Metacarpal shaft fractures can usually be treated closed with acceptance of more significant deformity in the ulnar 2 shafts. Open reduction is reserved for multiple shaft fractures and deformity in the second and third metacarpals. Near-perfect alignment should be the goal in extra-articular fractures of the phalanges as well as fractures involving the articular surface. Closed tendon injuries occurring on the extensor side, i.e. mallet finger, may be treated with prolonged splinting if a congruous reduction can be achieved with closed reduction. Flexor side avulsions occurring most commonly in the ring finger also require prompt attention with the level of retraction of the tendon dictating the need for the immediacy of repair. Although often not initially debilitating, lack of recognition of hand injuries and improper treatment can lead to debilitating sequelae. Therefore, early recognition and diagnosis can easily avoid many of the pitfalls of care resulting in a less than optimal outcome.
A nucleopolyhedrosis virus in populations of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Hemerocampa pseudotsugata, in California.

Abstract A nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Hemerocampa pseudotsugata, was found in the white fir forests of California for the first time. Tussockmoth populations declined in 1965, and this virus may be one of the important mortality factors. Egg masses were collected in selected study areas and the larvae reared in petri dishes on artificial diet. Larvae were also collected in several instars during the course of the summer and reared individually in petri dishes. An attempt was made to design a survey technique that would indicate the rate of decline, due to virus, of tussock-moth populations in the field. Further refinement will be necessary before egg-mass collections can be used as a survey tool but these studies indicate a good potential for such use. Evidence from this study shows the rate of dying in sample dishes in the laboratory to be related to the rate of larval mortality in the field. The primary use of such a survey would be an indicator to those involved in pest control decisions.
Treatment of ranulas

Ranulas present as a painless cyst on the floor of the mouth. They present in varying sizes, ranging from the small ranula on the floor of the mouth to large plunging ranulas that extend through to the neck. Treatment options vary depending on the size of the ranula and the operative techniques. This article describes the authors' methods for treating ranulas.
Critical re-examination of the premature aging concept in progeria: a light and electron microscopic study.

Abstract While premature aging is traditionally considered the underlying process in progeria, previous studies of post-mortem material have failed to provide compelling support for this concept. Lipofuscin accumulation, a marker of aging in certain tissues, was studied by light and electron microscopy in a 19-year-old male with progeria. Although lipofuscin was demonstrated in several viscera and brain, it was neither excessive nor morphologically abnormal. As in previously reported cases, the post-mortem findings demonstrated atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, aorta and heart valves, as well as moderate nephrosclerosis. There was hypoplasia of the mandible and clavicles, and coxa valga deformities of the hips. The morphological abnormalities in progeria occur mainly in tissues of mesodermal derivation. It is suggested that progeria represents either a developmental disturbance or a degenerative process in mesodermal tissues rather than a generalized accelerated aging process.
Proton radiosurgery in the management of functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas: A 10-year experience at the massachusetts general hospital

at least 50% of the dose there was a lower probability of NVG (p 0.0001). The further away the tumor was from the fovea or from the disc the later NVG occurred (p 0.003, p 0.006) with the 3 year estimates for distances of 0 and 0 mm of 72% and 89% to the fovea and 76% and 88% to the disc. If 100% of the macula and optic disc and less than 29% (upper quartile) of the ciliary body received at least 50% of the dose, the NVG outcome was more favorable (p 0.02, p 0.006 and p 0.0001). Factors in univariate analysis that were not predictors of NVG are age of the patient, gender, or the eye involved. When the factors determined to be significant predictors of NVG with univariate methods are considered simultaneously, the most significant predictor of NVG is when at least 30% of the ciliary body received at least 50% of the dose (LLRT: p 0.0001). There is also a significant association between the macula and optic disc being treated with at least 50% of the dose (p 0.0001). For 50% of the patients 100% of both sites and for 23% of the patients 100% of both sites were treated with at least 50% of the dose. Therefore, using these cut-points, the final predictive model was either ciliary body proportion plus macula or plus disk proportion (LLRT: p 0.003).
Discontinuation of Therapy With Bupropion SR.

Sir: In the April 1999 issue of the Companion, Drs. Berigan and Harazin1 report a case of possible bupropion-associated withdrawal symptoms in a patient treated for smoking cessation. The authors describe the emergence of a number of symptoms following abrupt discontinuation of bupropion sustained-release (SR). The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms or a discontinuation syndrome with bupropion has been extensively evaluated in smoking cessation and depression development programs involving over 10,000 patients. In clinical trials (references 2 and 3 and Glaxo Wellcome Inc., data on file), patients were monitored for the emergence of posttreatment adverse events 1 week after abrupt discontinuation of therapy. Withdrawal symptoms were not observed in patients treated with bupropion. It is estimated that 9.5 million patients have used bupropion since it was first marketed. A review of the adverse events associated with the use of bupropion spontaneously reported to Glaxo Wellcome Inc. revealed few cases of withdrawal symptoms following discontinuation of therapy, and a causal relationship to bupropion could not be established. Glaxo Wellcome Inc. reviews all spontaneous reports of adverse events and closely monitors the reports for any type of signal that may suggest a previously unrecognized trend. As with all reported adverse drug events, Glaxo Wellcome Inc. will continue to monitor for other similar cases. Given our clinical trial experience and postmarketing surveillance data, the evidence does not indicate that bupropion is associated with withdrawal symptoms and does not support a general recommendation to taper the dose of bupropion prior to discontinuation.
Conflict Resolution Through Tourism Cooperation? The Case of the Partitioned Island-State of Cyprus

Hostility and armed conflict can exist most easily in closed societies. Social science literature suggests that increasing contact among individuals from diverse groups creates an opportunity for mutual acquaintances, enhances understanding and acceptance among the interacting group members, and consequently reduces inter-group prejudice, tension, and conflict. International tourism has been recognized for the opportunities it provides for social contact to occur. This paper presents the conceptual framework for a more effective management of the intercommunal conflict on the island of Cyprus through tourism cooperation within the framework of the cooperation and inter-group contact theories. More specifically, the paper suggests how different groups of stakeholders can be instrumental in free tourist migration, joint tourism ventures, and tourism-based community interaction and collaboration between the Turkish-Cypriot north and the Greek-Cypriot south, and which in turn, may lead to an alternative–and more effective–solution to tension and conflict which has existed on the island for several decades.
Perfluorinated Surfactants and the Environmental Implications of Their Use in Fire-Fighting Foams

The recent identification of one class of fluorinated surfactants in groundwater impacted by fire-fighting activity has created an awareness of the potential environmental issues resulting from the...
The Nuclear Present: A Guide to Recent Books on Nuclear War, Weapons, the Peace Movement, and Related Issues, with a Chronology of Nuclear Events, 1789-1991

The Nuclear Present is a guide to English-language literature on nuclear weapons and related topics in this precarious environment. In over 800 entries divided by subject, Burns gives substantial, often critical annotations of books and U.S. government documents published for the most part between 1984 and 1991. Useful for both undergraduates and advanced scholars, The Nuclear Present focuses on the history and effects of nuclear weapons, nuclear strategy, the US-Soviet arms race, proliferation, the Strategic Defense Initiative, the peace movement, and many other areas. With a nuclear chronology, a periodical guide, and indexes. The Nuclear Present supplements The Atomic Papers with no overlap.
Work-Life Balance Perspectives of Marketing Professionals in Generation Y

The current generation of workers places greater attention on work-life balance than the prior generation. The employee recruiting process in professional services firms will have to take this into consideration if they are to effectively compete in the marketplace for employees. This study examines research questions regarding work-life balance perspectives of Millennial job candidates. Maslow's hierarchy theory and McClelland's motivational needs theory offer some theoretical support regarding why people strive to achieve a healthy work-life balance. Results of the study indicate that Millennials regard work-life balance as important to a person's quality of work, job performance, ethical decision-making, and long-term job satisfaction.
Strained cyclophane macrocycles: impact of progressive ring size reduction on synthesis and structure.

The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and calculated strain energies are reported for a homologous series of 11- to 14-membered drug-like cyclophane macrocycles, representing an unusual region of chemical space that can be difficult to access synthetically. The ratio of macrocycle to dimer, generated via a copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclization in flow at elevated temperature, could be rationalized in terms of the strain energy in the macrocyclic product. The progressive increase in strain resulting from reduction in macrocycle ring size, or the introduction of additional conformational constraints, results in marked deviations from typical geometries. These strained cyclophane macrocyclic systems provide access to spatial orientations of functionality that would not be readily available in unstrained or acyclic analogs. The most strained system prepared represents the first report of an 11-membered cyclophane containing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring and establishes a li...
Magnetic resonance imaging in acute and subacute mediastinal bleeding

The appearance of intracranial hematoma on magnetic resonance (MR) images has been described. However, the appearance of hematoma on ECG-gated spin-echo images, which are used for cardiac imaging, has not been described previously. Accordingly a retrospective analysis of nine consecutive patients with acute and subacute mediastinal bleeding imaged with ECG-gated spin-echo MR images was done. The time interval between the incipient event and the date of the MR study was determined, and the signal appearance of the hemorrhage was evaluated relative to striated muscle and fat. MR findings were corroborated by other imaging modalities and surgical findings. Acute hematomas showed medium to high signal intensity, whereas subacute hematomas had areas of high signal intensity on images acquired with ECG gating to every heart beat (repetition time = R-R interval) and a short echo time (30 msec). The characteristic signal intensities of blood on ECG-gated MR images are usually distinct in comparison to other pericardial and mediastinal fluid collections. The ability of MR to specifically identify blood within the first few hours after hemorrhage was not tested in this study.
Transient electromagnetic analysis of selected blanket modules of the ITER blanket system due to plasma disruption

The prediction of electromagnetic loads on the ITER blanket modules during a plasma disruption is considered for two different blanket modules and different disruption events. The key features of the analysis procedure will be presented including the modeling the blanket modules (first wall and shield block), the plasma disruption current, and the integration of these models to produce a high-fidelity electromagnetic simulation that describes a plasma disruption event. The electromagnetic calculations are performed using the Opera-3d software. The loads due to the eddy currents were calculated for two outboard blanket modules and a number of selected disruption scenarios. Once these loads have been calculated they can also be exported for additional postprocessing to assess the mechanical loading effects.
Newspaper Coverage of the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Report

The accuracy of medical stories in newspapers is a controversial issue. This study evaluated the accuracy of newspaper reports on an annual consumer report that reports the expected number of deaths following bypass surgery conducted in Pennsylvania hospitals. Analysis of 42 articles published following the 1994 report identified 52 factual errors, 127 mistakes in technical terms, 29 misspellings of proper names, and 7 misquotations. Daily newspapers averaged 5.61 errors per article, weekly newspapers averaged 4.33 errors per article, and trade publications averaged 2.83 errors per article. The authors conclude that trade publications appear to have provided the most accurate coverage and recommend development of a voluntary certification program for science reporters and that scientists be encouraged to seek additional training in newspaper relations.
Nikolskii-type inequalities for generalized polynomials and zeros of orthogonal polynomials

Generalized polynomials are defined as products of polynomials raised to positive real powers. The generalized degree can be defined in a natural way. Relying on Remez-type inequalities on the size of generalized polynomials, we estimate the supremum norm of a generalized polynomial by its weighted L, norm. Based on such Nikolskii-type inequalities we give sharp upper bounds for the distance of the consecutive zeros of orthogonal polynomials associated with weight functions from rather wide classes. The estimates contain some old results as special cases.
Evidence for centripetally shifting terminals on the tectum of postmetamorphic Rana pipiens.

In larval frogs the retina and tectum grow in topologically dissimilar patterns: new cells are added as peripheral annuli in the retina and as caudal crescents in the tectum. Retinotopy is maintained by the continual caudalward shifting of the terminals of the optic axons. After metamorphosis the pattern of growth changes. The retina continues to add new ganglion cells peripherally, but there is no neurogenesis in the tectum. To maintain retinotopy in postmetamorphic frogs, the terminals of the optic axons must continually shift toward the central tectum. We tested the proposal of centripetally shifting axons by making punctate injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the tectum of adult Rana pipiens and observing the patterns of filled cells in the contralateral retina, as was done in the goldfish (Easter and Stuermer, '84). Punctate applications of HRP in the tectum should be taken up: 1) by fascicles, and label a partial anulus of cells, 2) by terminals, and label a cluster of cells in the corresponding retinotopic site, and 3) by the extrafascicular axonal segments, and label a band of cells connecting the partial annulus to the cluster. If the terminals have shifted centripetally, the band of cells labeled through their extrafascicular segments should have a spoke-like orientation, with the center of the retina as the hub. As the tectal site moves from rostral to caudal, this band of cells should move, pendulum-like, from temporal to nasal retina. In general, the patterns of HRP-filled retinal cells we observed were consistent with our predictions. In adddition, HRP taken up by the oldest (rostral) tectal axons produced more complex patterns of filled cells that indicated that these axons had shifted both caudally before metamorphosis and centripetally after.
Surgical Repair of Esophageal Perforation in Cirrhotic Patients With Varices

A 51-year-old woman, a known alcohol abuser, had sclerotherapy for esophageal varices from portal hypertension. A perforation of the distal esophagus, diagnosed several days later, could not be closed primarily at thoracotomy due to extensive bleeding. The method of "exclusion and diversion in continuity" was modified by ligation of the esophagogastric junction with absorbable suture over a tube stent. The perforation healed and patency of the esophageal lumen was demonstrated 2 weeks later. This alternative life-saving procedure may be useful in chronic esophageal perforation, especially in cirrhotic or otherwise debilitated patients.
US biobanking strategies and biomedical immaterial labor

Many commentators seem in agreement that the ‘promise’ of the genomics revolution is to be realized through the creation of large-scale biobanks: that is, collections of human tissue and associated data from populations ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of subjects. Yet obtaining access to such large volumes of biospecimens and data is often difficult, and especially so in the United States. Drawing on published material and interviews with biobank managers conducted between 2006 and 2011, this article provides a tripartite typology of strategies currently employed by US biobanking advocates, distinguishing between de novo, networking and repurposing biobanking strategies. This typology emphasizes the economic aspects of biobanking, and emphasizes as well a conflict between two different understandings of biological citizenship: on the one hand, a mode of biological citizenship that links donation to a form of clinical labor in order to enable access to tissues and health biographies of individuals; on the other, an approach to biovalue that seeks to avoid both clinical labor and biological citizenship in favor of protocols designed to extract biovalue unobtrusively from already existing patterns of health-care and life by means of what I call ‘biomedical immaterial labor’.
Boosted Top Quarks, Top Pair Resonances, and Top Partner Searches at the LHC

The increased center-of-mass energy of proton-proton collisions at the LHC allows for higher and higher mass scales to be probed in the search for new physics. These searches for new physics can often involve the reconstruction of top quark decays. In this high-mass regime, event topologies can change and top quark decay products become highly boosted, requiring the use of special identification algorithms. This report summarizes the latest techniques used in the reconstruction of boosted top quarks, and highlights several new physics searches from ATLAS and CMS where they are utilized. Such analyses include the search for top quark pair resonances as is expected from Z’ decays, as well as top quark partner searches, such as fourth generation vector-like quarks, excited top quarks, and top quark partners with non-standard charges
Mode selection in nearly-self sustained explosive crystallization

Abstract We study a model of a driven thermally activated, exothermic process, in the context of explosive crystallization of a thin amorphous film. In the limit in which self-sustained crystallization at a speed close to the laser scan speed is almost possible, the model reduces to a single autonomous second-order differential equation for the amorphous-crystalline interface position. The steady state of this equation represents a straight-line interface advancing into the amorphous region at a speed equal to the laser scan speed. As a control parameter is increased, this steady state of the model becomes linearly unstable, undergoing a Hopf bifurcation which gives rise to oscillations of the interface velocity. For parameter ranges in which the interface remains a straight line, the amplitude, period, and form of these oscillations is calculated as a function of the control parameter. A similar equation, valid when the interface does not necessarily remain straight but may take on a long-wavelength shape, is also derived; it is harder to analyze.
Embryonic handedness choice in C. elegans involves the Gα protein GPA-16

The mechanism by which polarity of the left-right (LR) axis is initially established with the correct handedness is not understood for any embryo. C. elegans embryos exhibit LR asymmetry with an invariant handedness that is first apparent at the six-cell stage and persists throughout development. We show here that a strong loss-of-function mutation in a gene originally designated spn-1 affects early spindle orientations and results in near randomization of handedness choice. This mutation interacts genetically with mutations in three par genes that encode localized cortical components. We show that the spn-1 gene encodes the Gα protein GPA-16, which appears to be required for centrosomal association of a Gβ protein. We will henceforth refer to this gene as gpa-16 . These results demonstrate for the first time involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins in establishment of embryonic LR asymmetry and suggest how they might act.
Time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for in vivo characterization of pediatric epileptogenic brain lesions

Optical spectroscopy for in vivo tissue diagnosis is performed traditionally in a static manner; a snap shot of the tissue biochemical and morphological characteristics is captured through the interaction between light and the tissue. This approach does not capture the dynamic nature of a living organ, which is critical to the studies of brain disorders such as epilepsy. Therefore, a time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system with a fiber-optic probe was designed and developed. The system was designed to acquire broadband diffuse reflectance spectra (240 ~ 932 nm) at an acquisition rate of 33 Hz. The broadband spectral acquisition feature allows simultaneous monitoring of various physiological characteristics of tissues. The utility of such a system in guiding pediatric epilepsy surgery was tested in a pilot clinical study including 13 epilepsy patients and seven brain tumor patients. The control patients were children undergoing suregery for brain tumors in which measurements were taken from normal brain exposed during the surgery. Diffuse reflectance spectra were acquired for 12 seconds from various parts of the brain of the patients during surgery. Recorded spectra were processed and analyzed in both spectral and time domains to gain insights into the dynamic changes in, for example, hemodynamics of the investigated brain tissue. One finding from this pilot study is that unsynchronized alterations in local blood oxygenation and local blood volume were observed in epileptogenic cortex. These study results suggest the advantage of using a time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system to study epileptogenic brain in vivo.
Absence of resonant enhancements in some inclusive rates

A toy model is defined and solved perturbatively with the aim of examining some claimed ``resonant'' enhancements of certain reaction rates that enter popular models of leptogenesis. We find (a) that such enhancements are absent, and (b) that the perturbative solution, as done correctly using finite-temperature field theory, is well defined without the ``resumming'' procedures found in the literature. The pathologies that led to the perceived need for these procedures are an artifact of uncritical use of weighted vacuum cross sections in the determination of rates, without adequate attention to the effects of the medium upon the single particle states within it.
Living block copolymerization of phenyl vinyl sulfoxides and characterization of a stereogradient polymer

The polymerization of phenyl vinyl sulfoxide in blocks of increasing enantiomeric excess was carried out. Portions of the polymer were removed after each charge of monomer was consumed. The poly(phenyl vinyl sulfoxide)s were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reduction of the poly(phenyl vinyl sulfoxide)s to poly(phenyl vinyl sulfide)s permitted assignment of the polymer stereochemistry and verification that stereogradient polymers were formed.