cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domestic violence: a pediatric concern.

1. Carol D. Berkowitz, MD* 1. *Executive Vice Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Torrance, CA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Discuss the characteristics of those who are most likely to suffer serious injury and death as victims of domestic violence. 2. Describe the symptoms that children exposed to domestic violence are most likely to exhibit. 3. Know the rate of concurrence of domestic violence and child maltreatment. 4. Recognize at what age women experience the highest per capita rate of intimate partner violence. Historically, beating one’s wife was the prerogative of the woman’s husband. The phrase “rule of thumb” came from the notion that a husband had the right to discipline his wife physically so long as the stick that was used was not thicker than his thumb. The term “family violence” is used to denote acts of violence that occur between family members: adult partners against each other, caregivers against children or elders, and siblings against each other. Sometimes the term “domestic violence” is used interchangeably with family violence, but more often it is used to mean “intimate partner violence.” Intimate partner violence is characterized by a series of behaviors that includes threats of or actual physical injury, psychological abuse, sexual assault, and economic domination. Psychological abuse is a wide-ranging category that includes social isolation, intimidation, and stalking. The goal of intimate partner violence is the control of one individual by the other. Estimates suggest that an intimate partner has physically or sexually assaulted 20% to 30% of all women and 7.5% of all men in the United States at some point in their adult lives. Annually, 4 million women experience a serious injury or a life-threatening attack by a partner. Women are 10 times more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than are men. In 32% of known female homicides, an intimate partner who has a prior history of domestic …
Can we rely on computed tomographic scanning to diagnose pulmonary embolism in critically ill surgical patients

Background: Spiral computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is gaining an increasing role in pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis because it is more convenient and less invasive than conventional pulmonary angiography (PA). Encouraging reports on the reliability of CTPA for medical patients have prompted widespread use despite the fact that its value in critically ill surgical patients has been inadequately explored. Hemodynamic and respiratory issues of critical illness may interfere with CTPA's diagnostic accuracy. The objective of this study was to compare CTPA with PA for the diagnosis of PE in critically ill surgical patients. Methods: Over 30 months (August 1999-February 2002), 37 critically ill surgical patients (28 trauma and 9 non-trauma patients) with clinical suspicion of PE were enrolled prospectively. CTPA and PA were independently interpreted by four radiologists (two for each test) blinded to each other's interpretation. Clinical suspicion for PE was classified as high, intermediate, or low on the basis of predetermined criteria. PA was considered as the standard of reference for the diagnosis of PE. Results: PE was found in 15 (40%) patients by PA: central PE in 8 and peripheral PE in 7. CTPA and PA findings were different in 11 patients (30%): CTPA was false-negative in 9 patients and false-positive in 2. Its sensitivity and specificity were PE 50% and 100%, respectively, for central PE; 28% and 93% for peripheral PE; and 40% and 91% for all PE. There were no differences in risk factors or clinical characteristics between patients with and without PE. The level of clinical suspicion was identical in the two groups. The independent reviewers disagreed on CTPA or PA interpretations in 11% and 16% of the readings, respectively. Conclusion: PA remains the gold standard for diagnosis of PE in critically ill surgical patients. CTPA should be explored further before being universally accepted. Clinical criteria are unreliable for detecting PE in this population and therefore a high index of suspicion should be maintained.
Study on Corrosion Process of Lead Alloy Anode in Plating Solution of Tin Free Steel

Plating solution of tin free steel (TFS) composes of Cr ions and F ions, which have a characteristic of strong corrosion. The weight loss/gain of the specimens immersed in the test solution was measured by using the electro-balance, to evaluate the erosion of the lead alloy in the corrosive solutions. The results show that lead alloy anode is eroded obviously by F- ions solution, and corrosion rates are constant throughout the examined time. The F- ions concentration have an insignificantly effect on corrosion rate. Corrosion product of anode materials in Cr6+ ions solution is partly deposited on anode materials surface, others might be dissolved into plating solution. This is leading to weight of anode materials remaining almost constant. But the weight of lead alloy anode firstly increases and decreases, then increases using the mixed solution of F- ions and Cr6+ ions as corrosive solution. Corrosion structure variation of lead alloy anode is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results indicate that corrosion product structure is different using different ions solution as corrosive solution.
Large-reach memory management unit caches

Within the ever-important memory hierarchy, little research is devoted to Memory Management Unit (MMU) caches, implemented in modern processors to accelerate Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) misses. MMU caches play a critical role in determining system performance. This paper presents a measurement study quantifying the size of that role, and describes two novel optimizations to improve the performance of this structure on a range of sequential and parallel big-data workloads. The first is a software/hardware optimization that requires modest operating system (OS) and hardware support. In this approach, the OS allocates page table pages in ways that make them amenable for coalescing in MMU caches, increasing their hit rates. The second is a readily-implementable hardware-only approach, replacing standard per-core MMU caches with a single shared MMU cache of the same total area. Despite its additional access latencies, reduced miss rates greatly improve performance. The approaches are orthogonal; together, they achieve performance close to ideal MMU caches.Overall, this paper addresses the paucity of research on MMU caches. Our insights will assist the development of high-performance address translation support for systems running big-data applications.
Subcutaneous lidocaine delivered by jet-injector for pain control before IV catheterization in the ED: The patients' perception and preference

Abstract To evaluate patients' perceptions and preferences concerning pain control during intravenous (IV) catheterization, a sample of 50 adult patients received subcutaneous lidocaine (0.2 mL 1%) by jet injector, or no anesthetic with a sham injection before IV catheterization. Visual analog scale (VAS), pain intensity score (PIS), and adverse reactions were recorded. A significant difference existed in the scores of patients who received lidocaine versus those who did not VAS ( P P
Dataflow Architectures: Flexible Platforms for Neural Network Simulation

Dataflow architectures are general computation engines optimized for the execution of fine-grain parallel algorithms. Neural networks can be simulated on these systems with certain advantages. In this paper, we review dataflow architectures, examine neural network simulation performance on a new generation dataflow machine, compare that performance to other simulation alternatives, and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the dataflow approach.
Sectioning Clay Models Makes Anatomy & Development Tangible

Clay models have proved to be useful teaching aids for many topics in biology that depend on three-dimensional reasoning. Students studying embryonic development struggle to mentally reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of embryos and larvae by observing prepared slides of cross-sectional slices. Students who build clay models of embryos and slice them into cross sections, however, have a much easier time interpreting the slices of real embryos and gain a deeper understanding of development in three dimensions.
Skeletal muscle biochemical adaptations to exercise training in miniature swine.

McAllister, Richard M., Brian L. Reiter, John F. Amann, and M. Harold Laughlin. Skeletal muscle biochemical adaptations to exercise training in miniature swine. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1862–1868, ...
Elastographic Imaging of the Strain Distribution at the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and ACL-Bone Insertions

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) functions as a mechanical stabilizer in the tibiofemoral joint. Over 250,000 Americans each year suffer ACL ruptures and tears, making the ACL the most commonly injured knee ligament. Methods which permit the in situ monitoring of changes in ACL graft mechanical properties during healing are needed. A long term goal in ACL reconstruction is to regenerate the ACL-bone interface. To this end, an understanding of mechanical properties of the ligament-bone interface is needed. However, experimental determination has been difficult due the small length scale (<1 mm) involved and limited resolution of standard techniques. The current study uses elastography to characterize the functional properties of the ACL and the ACL-bone interface under applied load. In a first experiment, bovine joints were excised, cast in an agar gel matrix and externally compressed. In a second experiment, tibiofemoral joints were mounted on a MTS 858 Bionix Testing System. The ACL was loaded at different strain rates and tested to failure while RF data was collected at 5 MHz. For both tensile and compression testing, axial elastograms between successive RF frames were generated using cross-correlation and recorrelation techniques. When the ACL-bone complex was tested in the tibial alignment on the MTS system, compressive strains were found to dominate at the tibial insertion. Compressive strains were observed in the ligament proper when the transducer beam was aligned with respect to the insertion during loading. The distribution of tensile and compressive strain varied as a function of strain rate during testing and between loading and unloading. These preliminary results agree with those of prior FEA model predictions. In addition, a narrow band of high strain in the middle of the ACL was detected during compression that is considered to be a softer region of the ACL containing a highly collagenous structure. These preliminary results on ACL geometry and function indicate that elastography can provide important information in understanding the structure and function of both the ACL and the ACL-bone insertion. Ongoing studies focus on in-depth evaluation of the mechanical properties existing at the ACL and ACL-bone insertions
Plastics: Engineering Materials

This paper is concerned solely with the engineering characteristics of plastics. A description of the reaction of these materials to the various environmental factors of force, time, temperature, a...
Political Ecology across Spaces, Scales, and Social Groups

Political Ecology across Spaces, Scales, and Social Groups. Susan Paulson and Lisa Gezon, eds. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005. 289 pp.
Effect of Skewing and Splaying on Pullout Capacity of Steel Reinforcements in Mechanically Stabilized Earth Structures

Structures embedded in the reinforced fill of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls often prevent the soil reinforcements from being placed in their proper design configurations. Such conflicts are generally addressed with alternative reinforcement layouts that circumvent the obstructions. The most commonly used strategies include the skewing of strip-type reinforcements and the cutting and splaying of grid-type reinforcements. This research investigated the impact of skewing and splaying on the pullout resistance capacity of these two types of reinforcement. The research involved a series of pullout tests that were conducted in a specially designed large-scale pullout resistance test system. This MSE pullout load test system included an MSE test box with dimensions of 12 by 12 ft (3.66 by 3.66 m) in area and 4 ft (1.22 m) in depth. In this test system, the action of the soil overburden pressures on the embedded earth reinforcement were simulated with a reaction frame assembly that consisted...
Selegiline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: its impact on orthostatic hypotension.

Less than a consensus exists as to whether chronic treatment with selegiline in combination with levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease, is associated with more pronounced orthostatic hypotension than treatment with levodopa/carbidopa alone. To resolve this issue, we compared orthostatic tolerance and autonomic reflexes in 95 patients with Parkinson's disease treated chronically with either selegiline alone (n = 10), levodopa/carbidopa alone (n = 49) or both agents combined (n = 36). Supine heart rate and blood pressure, autonomic cardiovascular reflexes and the frequency and magnitude of orthostatic hypotension were similar in all three treatment groups.
The Current Status of Research on Sequential-Request Compliance Techniques

Three meta-analyses have been conducted on the foot-in-the-door literature and two on the door-in-the-face. This article presents a qualitative comparison and synthesis of those quantitative reviews. First, an overview of the findings is presented. Next, two recent attempts to develop a theoretical perspective that accounts for both request sequences are examined. Finally, attention is given to questions that are as yet unresolved.
Test results for HD1, a 16 tesla Nb/sub 3/Sn dipole magnet

The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been developing the technology for using brittle superconductor in high-field accelerator magnets. HD1, the latest in a series of magnets, contains two, double-layer Nb/sub 3/Sn flat racetrack coils. This single-bore dipole configuration, using the highest performance conductor available, was designed and assembled for a 16 tesla conductor/structure/pre-stress proof-of-principle. With the combination of brittle conductor and high Lorentz stress, considerable care was taken to predict the magnet's mechanical responses to pre-stress, cool-down, and excitation. Subsequent cold testing satisfied expectations: Training started at 13.6 T, 83% of "short-sample", achieved 90% in 10 quenches, and reached its peak bore field (16 T) after 19 quenches. The average plateau,/spl sim/92% of "short-sample", appeared to be limited by "stick-slip" conductor motions, consistent with the 16.2 T conductor "lift-off" pre-stress that was chosen for this first test. Some lessons learned and some implications for future conductor and magnet technology development are presented and discussed.
Improving the aggregate throughput of access points in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

In IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, the DCF access method and the PCF access method operate alternatively within a superframe to service the time-varying traffic demands. Due to different medium access mechanisms deployed by DCF and PCF, they work well for some particular types of traffic scenarios respectively, while their performance may degrade under some other types of traffic demands. None of them can keep high performance under all types of traffic demands. In this paper, we propose an adaptive control algorithm to keep the aggregate throughput of access points close to the best capacity of both DCF mode and PCF mode upon various traffic requests, by dynamically adjusting the duration of DCF mode and PCF mode within a superframe based on recent traffic scenarios in wireless LANs. We modified the MAC module of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs in OPNET to support our algorithm. Extensive simulations have been done using OPNET. The simulation results show that high performance of access points is achieved during the dynamic traffic demands. The new control algorithm only requires simple extensions to the MAC layer of access points and is compatible with the MAC layer defined in IEEE 802.11 standard.
Myocardial Remodeling in Hypertensive Ren-2 Transgenic Rats

Rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 transgene develop hypertension despite low levels of plasma renin. We determined the extent of left ventricular remodeling present in Ren-2 rats at 16 weeks of age by measuring blood pressure, ratio of heart weight to body weight, left ventricular wall thickness, passive (diastolic) left ventricular compliance, and left ventricular collagen content using hydroxyproline and collagen area fraction. Changes in perivascular fibronectin and collagen type I and III were examined with immunohistochemistry. Blood pressure values at time of death were 244 +/- 15 mm Hg for Ren-2 rats (mean +/- SD, n = 5). Ratios of heart weight to body weight (grams per kilogram) for Ren-2 animals were 4.1 +/- 0.2 versus 3.1 +/- 0.1 for controls (n = 6, P < .001). Wall thickness values for control animals were 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus 4.1 +/- 0.4 mm for Ren-2 animals (P < .001). Left ventricular Ren-2 hydroxyproline measurements were significantly decreased (3.4 +/- 0.2 versus 4.7 +/- 0.9 mg/g dry wt for controls). Significant decreases of approximately 30% were also observed in collagen area fraction in Ren-2 rats. Immunohistochemical and picrosirius red staining indicated increased amounts of perivascular fibrosis in all Ren-2 animals (when compared with controls) with enhanced levels of perivascular fibronectin and type I and type III collagen proteins. Left ventricular compliance measurements indicated a decrease in left ventricular volume for all left ventricular pressures (P = .07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biofilm Formation In Vitro and Virulence In Vivo of Mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae

One of the early stages of Klebsiella pneumoniae airway infections may involve biofilm formation. Bacterial biofilm formation is frequently investigated using in vitro techniques that facilitate identification and analysis of individual genes. We investigated the correlation between K. pneumoniae biofilm formation in vitro and ability to cause infection in vivo following construction of a bank of mini-Tn5 mutants.
The Galvanized Yankees

'"The Galvanized Yankees" is an accurate, interesting, and sometimes thrilling account of an unusual group of men who rendered a valuable service to the nation in a time of great need. It is also a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society' - Bell I. Wiley, "New York Times Book Review". Here is the fascinating and little-known story of the Galvanized Yankees, who stood watch over a nation that they had once sought to destroy. They were Confederate soldiers who were recruited from Union prison camps in the North to serve in the West. On the condition they would not be sent south to fight their former comrades, they exchanged gray for blue uniforms.From 1864 to 1866 six regiments of Galvanized Yankees fought Indians, escorted supply trains along the Oregon and Sante Fe trails, accompanied expeditions, guarded surveying parties for the Union Pacific Railroad, and manned lonely outposts on the frontier. Dee Brown, the author of "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", tells what happened to a lost legion, unhonored and unsung.
The Structural Basis of an Innate Behavioural Pattern

The abdominal nervous system of the crayfish contains six serially homologous ganglia, each containing approximately 650 neurones. No two ganglia are identical, and the ganglia interact extensively. Studies confined to intraganglionic interactions thus yield limited and sometimes misleading information. Each ganglion contains intrinsic (local) interneurones, motor neurones and projecting interneurones in roughly equal numbers, except in the specialized terminal ganglion where the ratio of these cells is approximately 3:2:1. Although the number of nerve cell bodies in a ganglion is small enough to be tractable, integration occurs in the neuropile, which contains terminals from interneurones and afferents that outnumber the neurones originating in the ganglion by at least ten to one. The abdominal nervous system responds almost exclusively to a variety of mechanosensory stimuli. It has very limited light sensitivity. Other modalities, notably chemosensitivity, are undescribed and may be lacking. The effectors of the abdomen consist of fast axial muscles (used for tailflip-powered escape), slow axial muscles (for setting abdominal posture), appendage muscles (for swimmeret beating), and slow muscles of the intestine and rectum (that control gut emptying). The fast and slow muscles of the tailfan are specialized homologues of the axial and appendage muscles. The abdominal nervous system represents only 3–4% of the 100 000 neurones within the crayfish central nervous system (CNS). Most sensory information gathered in the abdomen is transmitted to the rostral CNS for processing, and many abdominal motor programmes are activated by descending commands. Nevertheless, a surprising degree of autonomy is present, and at least some motor programmes of every motor system can be activated in isolated abdomens. Tailflip escape behaviour illustrates the integrative properties of the crayfish nervous system. Ninety pairs of efferents and eighteen pairs of interneurones have been identified within the abdominal portion of the escape circuit. A cell-by-cell analysis has so far provided neurophysiological explanations, in varying states of completeness, for ethological concepts such as innate releasing mechanisms, spatial patterning of movement, serial order in behaviour, and alterations in responsiveness to a constant stimulus.
Automatic I/O hint generation through speculative execution

Aggressive prefetching is an effective technique for reducing the execution times of disk-bound applications; that is, applications that manipulate data too large or too infrequently used to be found in file or disk caches. While automatic prefetching approaches based on static analysis or historical access patterns are effective for some workloads, they are not as effective as manually-driven (programmer-inserted) prefetching for applications with irregular or input-dependent access patterns. In this paper, we propose to exploit whatever processor cycles are left idle while an application is stalled on I/O by using these cycles to dynamically analyze the application and predict its future I/O accesses. Our approach is to speculatively pre-execute the application’s code in order to discover and issue hints for its future read accesses. Coupled with an aggressive hint-driven prefetching system, this automatic approach could be applied to arbitrary applications, and should be particularly effective for those with irregular and, up to a point, input-dependent access patterns.
Dendritic Na+ spikes enable cortical input to drive action potential output from hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons

Synaptic inputs from different brain areas are often targeted to distinct regions of neuronal dendritic arbors. Inputs to proximal dendrites usually produce large somatic EPSPs that efficiently trigger action potential (AP) output, whereas inputs to distal dendrites are greatly attenuated and may largely modulate AP output. In contrast to most other cortical and hippocampal neurons, hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons show unusually strong excitation by their distal dendritic inputs from entorhinal cortex (EC). In this study, we demonstrate that the ability of these EC inputs to drive CA2 AP output requires the firing of local dendritic Na+ spikes. Furthermore, we find that CA2 dendritic geometry contributes to the efficient coupling of dendritic Na+ spikes to AP output. These results provide a striking example of how dendritic spikes enable direct cortical inputs to overcome unfavorable distal synaptic locale to trigger axonal AP output and thereby enable efficient cortico-hippocampal information flow.
Kindergarten literacy achievement: The effects of the Plato integrated learning system

Abstract This study examined the efficacy of using an integrated learning system (ILS) to augment kindergarten emergent reading skills. This quasi‐experimental design used repeated measures. Change scores were calculated to run analyses. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen, with large effect sizes noted for phonological awareness and knowledge of print concepts and a moderate effect size for listening comprehension. Conclusions from this study indicate that an ILS can positively impact kindergarten emergent reading skills.
‘[Trans] Boy Meets World’: A Comparison of State Anti-discrimination Laws and First Amendment Protections for Gender Identity and Expression

In accepting the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at the 2015 EPSYS, Caitlyn Jenner described her personal transition and experience learning about transgender issues as “eye-opening, inspiring [and] frightening.” In her television series, I Am Cait, Jenner strives to educate the public about transgender problems. Jenner is one of many who have taken on this Herculean feat to bring light to the discrimination transgender people face. For scholars, however, questions about trans-individuals’ legal rights and protections remain. Uncertainty regarding protections to combat inequality and discrimination against transgender individuals arises because the federal government has left a void. In an effort to fill some of those gaps, states have enacted laws pertaining to transgender issues, but state approaches vary considerably. Some state anti-discrimination disability statutes only apply to people suffering from gender dysphoria. Conversely, other states explicitly exclude coverage for gender dysphoria from their disability discrimination statutes. This Note explores how the First Amendment may protect one’s gender expression and how states have approached transgender rights through legislation. Subsequently, this Note lays out the basic tenants of First Amendment jurisprudence and the intersection of gender expression. This Note also compares three states’ approaches to the rights of transgender individuals in public schools and employment settings. Specifically, it describes transgender discrimination protections, or lack thereof, in three states: Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Indiana. Additionally, this section of the Note comments on each state’s policies first for transgender employees and then for transgender students in public schools.This Note ends with recommendations for other states considering how best to protect their transgender residents. The recommendations briefly consider where the case studies succeeded, where they failed, and how they need to continue. Moreover, the final portion of this Note calls for federal protections, at least for transgender employees who are discriminated against because of their real or perceived gender identity. By incorporating First Amendment jurisprudence generally, and specifically as applied to transgender (as well as lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals, this Note sheds light on legal avenues transgender people can utilize against discrimination based on their gender expression.
Military Cyber Operations: A Primer

Military Cyber Operations (MCO) is an umbrella term for the acquisition and use of cyber capabilities at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of conflict. MCO is not the same as “cyber war.” Cyber war, as usually articulated, focuses on two (or more) combatants exclusively deploying malicious cyber capabilities against the other side’s systems, resulting in death and destruction, in order to achieve a set of explicit political goals. This formulation, however, ignores both existing U.S. military doctrine and the manner in which modern forces actually deploy such capabilities. In fact, there are potentially good reasons to think that cyber war, when properly defined, won’t actually take place or may constitute an ineffective policy tool.
Why Kant We Just Locke Them Up?: Understanding Penal Justification Through Political Philosophy

This paper seeks to revisit dominant theories of penal justification through the lens of canonical political theory, most specifically focusing on the work on punishment by Immanuel Kant, John Locke, and Cesare Beccaria. While contemporary work (scholarly and technical) on the reasons for punishing in specific ways is often couched in the justificatory narratives of deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation, and restoration, there is little attention paid to the philosophical underpinnings of these narratives. By revisiting dominant philosophical formulations one is then able to more clearly analyze material claims about punishment and their genealogies. This paper further argues that through more explicitly connecting justification with the theoretical structures that produce a particular goal, there is greater possibility for using the justificatory narrative as a test for how successfully those goals are being met.
Noise reduction in four-wave-mixing wavelength converters

Wavelength conversion is recognized as an important function in future broadband-wavelength-division-multiplexing lightwave systems.1 Wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is an attractive approach for realizing this function since it is inherently transparent to the bit rate.
Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Prestice Black-Pied Pig Breed

The objective of the study was to evaluate fattening performance, carcass value and meat quality in pigs of Prestice Black-Pied breed in relation to slaughter weight (SW) and gender (barrows and gilts, resp.). Pigs were divided into weight categories: SW1 (75 to 99.9 kg), SW2 (100 to 109.9 kg) and SW3 (110 to 130 kg) and all individual traits were analyzed by the general linear model procedure (SAS 9.3). Average SW of each weight group was as follows: SW1 94.2 kg, SW2 105.8 kg, and SW3 115.2 kg. Differences among average backfat thickness of 36.07 mm in SW1, 40.16 mm in SW2, and 43.21 mm in SW3 were significant (p<0.01). Lean meat content was 48.94% (SW1), 48.78% (SW2), and 48.76% (SW3). Pigs were slaughtered at average weight of 105.7 kg for barrows and 104.4 kg for gilts. Average backfat thickness for barrows was 40.90 mm and 38.72 mm for gilts (significant difference p<0.05). Lean meat content was 48.75% in barrows and 48.91% in gilts. The values of pH45, characterizing the meat of very good quality. The loin in SW3 was darker than the muscles of SW1 and SW2. Drip loss was the lowest in SW1 (1.96%), compared to the highest drip loss in SW3 (2.59%). Content of intramuscular fat was 2.68% in SW3, 2.79% in SW2, and SW1 had the lowest content 2.47%. The values of pH45, colour lightness and drip loss were similar in both genders. However barrows had higher intramuscular fat content by 0.31% than gilts (p<0.05).
Effect of adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy, thyro-adrenalectomy and cortisone on eruption rate of incisors in adult female rats.

SummaryThe eruption rate of maxillary incisors was determined in normal, thyroidectomized, adrenalectomized and thyroadrenalectomized, adult, female rats, with or without daily administration of cortisone. Thyroidectomy resulted in an average reduction in rate of 19% during the first 8 weeks. When adrenalectomy was superimposed on thyroidectomy 8 weeks post-operatively, average rate decreased to 53% below normals, increased the rates in all 4 groups to levels above that of normal controls. The results suggest that the normal controls. The results suggest that the normal controls. The results suggest that the normal rate of eruption of the incisor may be influenced by a synergistic action of the thyroid and adrenal hormones.
Effect of lithium chloride on adrenocortical function in the rat.

SummaryThe effect of lithium chloride treatment on adrenocortical function was studied. Rats given lithium orally for 2 weeks demonstrated elevated AM “resting” plasma corticosterone levels compared to saline-treated controls. There was increased plasma corticosterone 2 hr after a single lithium injection. Dexamethasone blocked the lithium-stimulated adrenal response in chronically treated rats.
Morphology of the Reproductive Organs of Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae (Phycitinae))

The reproductive organs and spermatophore of Dioryctria abietella (Denis & Schiffermuller) are similar in general morphological characteristics to those of other Lepidoptera. Eggs were found in the bulla seminalis of many females but did not completely block sperm transmission. The aperture end of the spermatophore has a serrulate surface and exhibits a small horn. These microstructures probably serve to maintain alignment with the opening to the ductus seminalis.
On the Coefficients of Reciprocal Power Series

(1958). On the Coefficients of Reciprocal Power Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 90-94.
Exercise and Cognition.

Abstract Existing literature shows promising effects of physical activity on children's cognitive outcomes. This study assessed via a randomized, controlled design whether additional curricular physical activity during the school day resulted in gains for children's fluid intelligence and standardized achievement outcomes. Participants were children (N = 460) from four urban schools in the Southeast United States. Schools were randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. Treatment schools received additional physical activity breaks throughout the school day while control schools maintained a typical schedule without curricular activity breaks. Results from the one-year study show positive effects for children's mathematics and reading achievement but no differences across treatment and control groups for children's fluid intelligence scores. Implications for school psychologists in promoting physical activity breaks on a systems-wide level are discussed.
The interaction between environmental risk factors and genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase-2 and the risk of female breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To explore environmental factors and the association of NAT2 genetic polymorphism and female breast cancer,and their interactions. METHODS:A case-control study was adopted to collect information in 140 female primary breast cancer diagnosed by pathology and treated in major hospitals of Tangshan city. The 140 controls were selected from the female patients without tumor from the same hospitals at the same time. Each subject was investigated by an unified questionnaire,which mainly included eating habits and ways of life,environment and occupational exposure,etc. DNA was extracted by salting out method,and NAT2 genotype were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). SPSS 13.0 were adopted to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS:Environmental risk factors of female breast cancer were environmental PAHs pollution of residence,occupational exposure to PAHs,occupational use of pesticide exceeding 10 years,indoor insecticide use over 5 years,passive smoking wore than 10 years. While more intake of beans,fumes exhaust equipment used in cooking were all protective factors. The frequencies of rapid and slow speed acetylation phenotypes were 55.0%,45.0% in case group,and 77.9%,22.1% in control group,respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). There were interactions between passive smoking exceeding 10 years,as well as occupational PAHs exposure and NAT2 slow speed acetylation phenotype. The interaction value were 3.39 and 1.70,respectively (P0.05). CONCLUSION: There were interactions between passive smoking or occupational exposure and carrying slow speed acetylation phenotype,which would increase the risk of breast cancer.
The Physiological Analysis of Aerobic Exercise

Through research on some material,the essay analyses and illustrates the physiological significance of aerobic exercise and it also analyses physiological functions of the potential of the mechanism and practice of aerobic exercise.Conclusion: The aerobic exercise is the best way to maintain the overall physical and mental health of the human body.
Characterization of essential sulfhydryl groups of rat renal Na(+)-Pi cotransporter.

Sulfhydryl (SH) groups are essential for the function of the Na(+)-Pi cotransporter of renal brush-border membrane (BBM) as determined by inhibition of Na(+)-Pi cotransport by HgCl2. Recent studies...
Comparison of 3.0 T PAC versus 1.5 T ERC MRI in Detecting Local Prostate Carcinoma

Increased utilization of prostate-specific antigen screening and prostate imaging has led to detection of smaller indolent tumors that traditional brachytherapy and prostectomy may be too aggressive for. New targeted techniques require greater locational accuracy of tumor detection to guide treatment. Prostate MRIs can be important for initial staging and for guiding targeted biopsies and treatments. We compared the accuracy of local staging of prostate cancer using 1.5 Tesla MRI with endorectal coil (ERC) versus 3 Tesla MRI with pelvic array coil (PAC) to the gold standard of trans-rectal US guided biopsies (TRUS). ERC is uncomfortable and has many imaging artifacts that may limit detection, so we hypothesize that 3 T MRI with PAC will have improved performance. 72 patients underwent prostate MRIs and TRUS prostate biopsies from 2008-2011 (33 were excluded due to prior radiation therapy, 24 patients underwent 1.5 T ERC and 15 underwent 3.0 T PAC.) 3.0 T PAC was trending towards greater sensitivity although we lack the statistical power for significance.
Etiologic Causes of Metabolic Acidosis I: The High Anion Gap Acidoses

This chapter reviews the pathophysiological basis and numerous causes of the high anion gap metabolic acidoses as a means of linking the pathophysiology of each disorder to more detailed review of the differential diagnosis, appropriate laboratory tests and recommended treatment that follows in subsequent chapters. The chapter reveals that the pathogenesis of each disorder is quite unique, thus aiding the student in developing a better foundation so that diagnosis and treatment can be considered comprehensively.
Do patient variables influence the subarachnoid spread of hyperbaric lidocaine in the postpartum patient

Background and Objectives Age, height, weight, body mass index (weight/height2), and vertebral column length may affect the subarachnoid spread of local anesthetics. Little information exists concerning the relationship between these variables and the spread of hyperbaric lidocaine. The authors studied the influence of patient demographics on the block produced by hyperbaric lidocaine in women undergoing postpartum tubal ligation. Methods Within 48 hours of vaginal delivery, the authors studied 44 ASA class 1-2 women agreeing to spinal anesthesia for postpartum tubal ligation. Before induction of anesthesia, the authors weighed each patient, measured her height and vertebral column length, and calculated body mass index. In a standardized manner, the authors induced spinal anesthesia with 5% lidocaine 75 mg. An observer, blinded to the measured variables, evaluated loss-of-temperature sensation and loss-of-sensation of sharpness to pinprick bilaterally every 5 minutes for 30 minutes and again at 45 and 60 minutes. Results There was no correlation between age, weight, body mass index, vertebral column length, or time from delivery to placement of the block, and the spread of sensory block after subarachnoid injection of hyperbaric lidocaine. Only height weakly correlated with the spread of block (r2 = 0.15). Conclusions While height may have some small influence on the spread of sensory block, the variation in spread of block within patients of the same height is large. The data suggest that adjusting the dose of local anesthetic injected based on differences in patient height would provide no clinically significant benefit.
Towards an Integrated Understanding of Critical Upheavals: From Crisis to Contentious Politics to “All-Encompassing Contentious Crisis”†

This article advances a general, comprehensive approach around the concept of “all-encompassing contentious crisis” to studying critical upheavals and their historical impacts. This interpretative framework aims to reorient how we think about extraordinary events by providing a rubric for converting the scheme of seemingly unrelated destructive upheavals into an integrative model of constructive development. It appropriates the theoretical insights developed in political science and sociology to enrich historical inquiry and, furthermore, to turn crisis into a more precise and full-fledged model of development. It is hoped that this synthesized model can not only help to lessen the barrier between historians and social scientists but also bridge the gap between event and structure in explaining historical change.
Factors Influencing the Need for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

BackgroundRisk factors in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) associated with surgical intervention have not been delineated.ObjectiveTo identify characteristics of adult patients with CF and ...
Monitoring Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI)

The present study aims at quantitatively characterizing, monitoring, and potentially predicting skin toxicity induced by radiation for the treatment of breast cancer using an experimental imaging device, Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI).
What's the Matter with Kansas — And Utah?: Explaining Judicial Interventions in Plea Bargaining

This short piece suggests explanations for an apparent increase in a certain kind of “managerial judging” among state criminal court judges. In a recent study of ten states that authorize their trial court judges to play a role in the plea bargaining process, Nancy King and Ronald Wright found evidence that judges in eight states have indeed have become more involved in facilitating negotiated pleas. I suggest that an important likely reason for this development is that the eight states with active judges all have broad regimes of pretrial discovery. The two states in which judges have not moved into more active role — Kansas and Utah — are the two jurisdictions with much more limited pretrial discovery rules. Broad discovery was a key explanation the “managerial judging” that Resnik described in her classic account of federal civil litigation. Discovery — rather than simply rules authorizing a judicial role in the plea process — seems likely, for various reasons, to be an important factor in the somewhat analogous development of the judicial role in state criminal courts. I also consider the possible effects of other factors that make Kansas and Utah distinctive — they are the most rural states in the King-Wright study, and they have consistently had the lowest state incarceration rates.
Fast beam discovery for mmWave cellular networks

Pencil beamforming is used to compensate for channel impairments in millimeter wave cellular networks. This method requires testing of all beam combinations at the base and mobile stations in order to detect the unique beam pair with the optimum signal level for use in the control and data planes. However exhaustive search results in high computational complexity and prolonged discovery times, and therefore has an implicit incremental impact on control plane latency. Furthermore, power usage also increases, leading to reduced energy efficiency. Hence this paper presents fast and adaptive beam search algorithms derived from the heuristic Nelder Mead method, the Levy flight random walk, and the Von Neumann and Chebyshev distance searches. These innovations give a notable reduction in complexity (25–99%), reduced discovery time and lower energy consumption versus existing solutions. Success rates are also high.
More is Different…Sometimes: Ising Models, Emergence, and Undecidability

Philip Anderson’s seminal paper `More Is Different’ is explicit in its arguments for the failure of construction methods in some areas of physics and inexplicit about the consequences of those failures. I argue that as published, Anderson’s position is obviously consistent with a reductionist position and, contrary to many casual claims, does not provide evidence for the existence of emergent phenomena. Various emergentist positions are defined and some recent undecidability results about infinite and finite Ising lattices by Barahona and by Gu et al. are examined. The former do not provide evidence for the existence of ontologically emergent states in real systems but they do provide insight into prediction-based accounts of emergence and the limits of certain theoretical representations. The latter results bear primarily on claims of weak emergence and provide support for Anderson’s claims. A pressing open problem is to articulate what counts as a novel physical property.
LLN, CLT and Ergodicity

We recall from Chap. 8 that discussion of random variables (r.v.) takes place in a probability space (Ω, \(\mathcal{A}\), \(\mathcal{P}\)), where Ω is the sample space, \(\mathcal{A}\) is the σ-algebra and \(\mathcal{P}\) is the probability measure.
Joint sensing duty cycle scheduling for heterogeneous coverage guarantee

In this paper we study the following problem: given a set of m sensors that collectively cover a set of n target points with heterogeneous coverage requirements (target j needs to be covered every fj slots), how to schedule the sensor duty cycles such that all coverage requirements are satisfied and the maximum number of sensors turned on at any time slot is minimized. The problem models varied real-world applications in which sensing tasks exhibit high discrepancy in coverage requirements — critical locations often need to be covered much more frequently. We provide multiple algorithms with best approximation ratio of O (log n + log m) for the maximum number of sensors to turn on, and bi-criteria algorithm with (α, β)-approximation factors with high probability, where the number of sensors turned on is an α = O(δ(log (n) + log(m))/β)-approximation of the optimal (satisfying all requirements) and the coverage requirement is a β-approximation; δ is the approximation ratio achievable in an appropriate instance of set multi-cover. When the sensor coverage exhibits extra geometric properties, the approximation ratios can be further improved. We also evaluated our algorithms via simulations and experiments on a camera testbed. The performance improvement (energy saving) is substantial compared to turning on all sensors all the time, or a random scheduling baseline.
Host lattice effects on the design of different metallophilic nanoclusters with novel photonic properties

Abstract Designing nanocluster systems in given host lattices with specific photophysical properties requires the careful selection of dopants and of the host lattice. Nanocluster size and structure, which influence these properties, are dependent on metallophilic interactions between dopant metal complexes as well as metal complex interactions with the specific host. In this study, luminescence spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, along with atomistic simulations and DFT calculations are utilized to analyze d8 Pt(CN)42− and d10 Cu(CN)2− complexes doped alone or together in different alkali halide hosts. Nanocluster size and structure are found to be dependent upon the host lattice, which are explained by the interaction energies from atomistic calculations. What we observe in these mixed d10-d8 systems with certain host lattices is electron transfer from the d10 donor to the d8 acceptor ion. This electron transfer is not observed in pure systems. The importance of cluster size and structure is exemplified through laser irradiation experiments which show different photochemical reactions with different alkali halide host lattices.