cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical Retinitis in the Setting of Prior Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.

Aman in his 60s had decreased visual acuity in the right eye. He had a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a CD4 count of 25 and retinal detachment of the left eye secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. He was taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii). On examination, visual acuity was 20/30 OD and no light perception OS, which was phthisical with no view of the fundus. In the right eye, the anterior segment was quiet, and there was 1+ nuclear sclerosis. Dilated fundus examination showed no vitritis, multiple discrete hyperpigmented scars (Figure, A, black arrowhead), and an area of inferotemporal retinal whitening (Figure, A, white arrowhead) with associated hemorrhage. The patient was presumptively diagnosed as having CMV retinitis based on the history of CMV retinitis in the contralateral eye, and the findings of hemorrhagic retinitis adjacent to chorioretinal scars suggestive of prior, healed CMV retinitis. He was treated with oral valgancyclovir, but 3 weeks later, the lesions had progressed, prompting admission for intravenous ganciclovir before being lost to follow-up for 1 month. On his return, his visual acuity had declined to 20/50 OD, there was mild vitritis, and there were new areas of retinitis along the inferior arcade (Figure, B, white arrowheads) and vascular sheathing (Figure, B, black arrowhead). At presentation A 8 wk After presentation B
Actual Stress Analysis of Engineering Spherical Tank

At the beginning the test principle of graphic method is introduced concisely.According to this principle,subsidiary bending stresses at the place of the misaligned contact edge and angular distortion of the spherical tank are determined by the method of the second load.From the distribution curves of the bending stresses,the positions of the dangerous points on the inside and outside walls are located.And then the residual stress in the direction of the first principal stress at the point is tested by the method of the yield stress,so that the actual stress of the point is obtained,and the intensity of the actual stresses of the points is analyzed.The result shows that the accuracy of the test methods satisfies the engineering requirement and it is very convenient to analyze the test data of the dangerous point.
Bias in the published fossil record

The published fossil record has significant bias in favor of common and bio- stratigraphically important taxa when compared with data obtained from a thorough exam- ination of several hundred collections from the Western Interior of North America. Overall species diversity is underestimated by a factor of 3 to 4, and bivalve and gastropod diversity by a factor of 5. The proportion of bivalves increased from 40 to 56% of the fauna, and the proportion of ammonites decreased from 28 to 18%. Thirteen published reports listed 65 species from 203 reported occurrences. Data from all sources showed 170 species for 1050 occurrences. By using abundance data and assuming a log-normal distribution, as many as 200 fossilizable mollusc species may have inhabited the Western Interior during the upper- most biozone of the Cenomanian. The importance of this study is that it quantifies the bias in the published fossil record relative to the potential fossil record for an unusually well studied interval of geologic time. The bias would be greater for less well studied strata.
Postpartum acute renal failure: recovery after heparin therapy.

Acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and intravascular clotting occurred in a 27-year-old woman during the second week after elective cesarean section of a term pregnancy. Clinical and renal functional recovery were complete after treatment with heparin. Renal biopsy showed arteriolar thrombosis, ischemic changes, and deposition of granular material (fibrinlike) in glomeruli. Analysis of renal tissue 10 months later showed resolution of the thrombotic process. The majority of previously described cases of this postpartum syndrome have ended fatally or with chronic renal failure. Although the etiology and mechanism of vascular injury remain unknown, early recognition of the clinical syndrome and treatment with heparin provide a chance for recovery.
The symptomatic spine: relevant and irrelevant roentgen variants and variations.

SUMMARY Localized disease of the spine may constitute a real and recurrent challenge. It may be related to a variety of etiologies, some of which are associated with a recurrent complex of roentgenographic and clinical presentations. The radiologist may, therefore, be in the unique position of making the primary diagnosis or directing the clinical investigation into proper channels. Although newer, sophisticated, and even invasive studies may be warranted or even initially desirable in selected cases, routine studies and a common sense approach are commonly the fundamental and sometimes the only requirements necessary for the establishment of the diagnosis. They not only provide a rapid or preliminary solution to the problem at hand but frequently suffice for the primary identification and diagnosis of several of the commonplace and repetitive problems that have been illustrated and discussed.
Isolating and identifying atmospheric ice-nucleating aerosols: A New Technique

Publisher Summary Laboratory studies have been performed to demonstrate two key aspects of the performance of a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFD) instrument, designed to detect ice nuclei (IN) concentrations in air samples. In the first study, submicron particles containing AgI were mixed in a sample stream with submicron NaCl particles and the sample stream was processed in the CFD at -19°C and 23% supersaturation with respect to ice. Ice crystals nucleated in the CFD were detected optically at the instrument outlet, and were collected using a cascade impactor. Examination of the crystal residuals from upper impactor stages confirmed that only AgI particles served as IN in the mixed stream. The second study demonstrated the consistency between optically-measured crystal concentrations and collected residual particle concentrations from an ambient air sample. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of the elemental composition of selected particles from the IN and non-IN fractions in ambient air showed that Si and Ca were present in both, but P, S, Cl, and K were also detected in the non-IN fraction.
Complications of Inheritance

Three papers were published within a few weeks of each other in 1900 in which the authors—de Vries, Correns, and Tschermak— brought Mendel’s remarkable paper back to the attention of the scientific world and confirmed and extended his results. Segregation and random recombination were unquestionably facts. In 1906, however, Bateson and Punnett discovered evidence indicating that recombination was not universal. In our discussion of complementary gene action in Chapter 2, we saw that in their cross between white-flowered sweet peas the F1 was purple-flowered because complementary factors C and R were brought together in it, and a factor B modified the color from red to purple by the addition of blue. The original reason for this particular cross was to study inheritance of pollen shape; the color problem just presented itself by chance, as problems seem to do in scientific research. But what did they learn about inheritance of pollen-grain shape?
Exploring How to Adaptively Apply Tutorial Dialogue Tactics

Prior research aimed at identifying linguistic features of tutoring that predict learning found interactions between student characteristics (e.g., incoming knowledge level, gender, and affect) and learning. This paper addresses the question: What do these interactions suggest for developing adaptive natural-language tutoring systems? We summarize two studies which investigated interactions between gender and learning in a tutoring system for conceptual physics. We argue that student characteristics such as gender are insufficient to guide the development of adaptive tutorial dialogue systems. A more fruitful approach is to consider the underlying factors and cognitive mechanisms that potentially mediate the relationship between student characteristics and learning from particular tutoring tactics.
Taking “biology” just seriously enough: Commentary on “On the Mapping of Genotype to Phenotype in Evolutionary Algorithms” by Peter A. Whigham, Grant Dick, and James Maclaurin

“On the Mapping of Genotype to Phenotype in Evolutionary Algorithms,” by Peter A. Whigham, Grant Dick, and James Maclaurin, is a welcome reminder that evolutionary computation practitioners should be wary of taking their biological analogies too seriously. But more importantly, it is a reminder to practitioners to consider carefully their representations and operators, rather than blindly implementing a biological analogy without sufficient attention to the constraints of software engineering. “It works in biology, so it should work in EC” is poor, even lazy, software design. The primary contribution of this paper is exactly what a commentary should be: to (re)ignite discussions about how biological inspiration should inform EC practice.
A New Plethysm Formula for Symmetric Functions

This paper gives a new formula for the plethysm of power-sum symmetric functions and Schur symmetric functions with one part. The form of the main result is that for μ v b,p_\mu(\underline x) \circ s_a(\underline x) = \sum_{T} \underline \omega^{{\rm maj}_\mu(T)} s_{{\rm sh} (T)}(\underline x) where the sum is over semistandard tableaux T of weight ab, {\underline\omega} is a root of unity, and majμ(T) is a major index like statistic on semistandard tableaux. An Sb-representation, denoted Sλ,b, is defined. In the special case when λ v b, Sλ,b is the Specht module corresponding to λ. It is shown that the character of Sλ,b on elements of cycle type μ is \sum_T {\underline\omega}^{{\rm maj}_\mu (T)} where the sum is over semistandard tableaux T of shape λ and weight ab. Moreover, the eigenvalues of the action of an element of cycle type μ acting on Sλ,b are l{\underline \omega}^{{\rm maj}_\mu(T)} : Tr. This generalizes J. Stembridge‘s result [11] on the eigenvalues of elements of the symmetric group acting on the Specht modules.
Abstract 609: Hypoxia-inducible Factor (hif) Prolyl Hydroxylation Pathway In Hypertension And Renal End Organ Damage In Doca/salt Hypertension In The Rat

Kidney disease could result from hypertension and ischemia/hypoxia. Key mediators of cellular adaptation to hypoxia are oxygen-sensitive HIFs which are regulated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing dioxygenases. However, activation of HIF can be protective as in ischemic death but it can also promote renal fibrosis. Here we tested the hypotheses that HIF-1α expression will be increased concomitant with reduced PHD expression and PHD inhibition will exacerbate hypertension and target organ damage in DOCA/salt hypertension. In DOCA/salt hypertensive rats (DOCA 50 mg/kg s/c for 3 weeks+ 1% NaCl drinking water), HIF-1α expression was increased (2-fold; P per se as a therapeutic target in the hypertensive renal injury following DOCA/salt administration.
Lipopeptide produced from Bacillus sp. W112 improves the hydrolysis of lignocellulose by specifically reducing non-productive binding of cellulases with and without CBMs

Surfactants have attracted increasing interest for their capability to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Compared to chemical surfactants, biosurfactants have a broader prospect for industrial applications because they are more environmentally friendly and more effective in some researches. Commercial cellulase preparations are mainly composed of endoglucanases (EGs) and cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) that possess carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). However, the effects of lipopeptide-type biosurfactants on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose and adsorption behaviors of cellulases with CBMs remain unclear. In this study, we found that Bacillus sp. W112 could produce a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant from untreated biomass, such as wheat bran and Jerusalem artichoke tuber. The lipopeptide could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated Giant Juncao grass (DA-GJG) by fungal and bacterial enzymes. The enhancement increased over a range of temperatures from 30 to 50 °C. Lipopeptide was shown to be more effective in promoting DA-GJG saccharification than chemical surfactants at low dosages, with a best stimulatory degree of 20.8% at 2% loading of the substrates (w/w). Lipopeptide increased the thermostability of EG and CBH in commercial cellulase cocktails. Moreover, the dual effects of lipopeptide on the adsorption behaviors of cellulases were found. It specifically lowered the non-productive binding of cellulases to lignin and increased the binding of cellulases to cellulose. In addition, we investigated the influence of lipopeptide on the adsorption behaviors of CBHs with CBMs for the first time. Our results showed that lipopeptide reduced the adsorption of CBM-deleted CBH to DA-GJG to a greater extent than that of intact CBH while the non-productive binding of intact CBH to lignin was reduced more, indicating that lipopeptide decreased the binding of CBMs onto lignin but not their combination with cellulose. In this study, we found that lipopeptide from Bacillus sp. W112 promoted the enzymatic hydrolysis of DA-GJG at relative low loadings. The stimulatory effect could be attributed to increasing the cellulase thermostability, reducing non-productive adsorption of cellulases with CBMs caused by lignin and enhancing the binding of cellulases to cellulose.
Adolescent patterns of communication about sexually related topics.

For this investigation a sample survey of 179 black females representing 53 family units provided data for examining familial patterns in the amounts of information received about the menstrual cycle sex and contraception among adolescent daughters mothers and grandmothers and the major source of information about these 3 topic areas. Significant relationships were found within the triads in the amount of information received about the 3 topic areas suggesting familial patterns in the amount of information transmitted intergenerationally. This sample was more likely to report mothers as the source of information suggesting their importance as formal agents of sexual socialization. Although this sample received large amounts of information about the menstrual cycle sex and contraception from their mothers much information that is necessary for sexual health informed decision making was neglected. The very young mean age (12.3 years) at 1st intercourse and the low proportion 24.2%) of teenagers using a method of birth control at 1st intercourse suggested that intergenerational communication about sex and contraception may not be meeting adolescents needs. Consequently attention should be focused not only on mothers as agents of sexual socialization of teenagers but also the quality and impact of that information on the sexual heath of teenagers. (Authors).
Heavenly-Minded and Earthly Good: A Study of Social Interest, Ethical Style, and Word-Spirit Orientation among Christians:

The Social Interest Scale (SIS) and measures of religiosity, Word-Spirit orientation and ethical style were administered to 127 Christian college students to ascertain differences between those who...
Maternal allocation of carotenoids to eggs in an Anolis lizard.

Abstract The maternal allocation of carotenoids to eggs has been widely documented and manipulated. However, it is often assumed that the sole adaptive value of this allocation is to increase offspring fitness. Because carotenoids can be pro-oxidants or antioxidants depending on their concentrations and their chemical environment (i.e. presence of other antioxidants), dams may need to dispose of excess carotenoids upon depletion of other antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage. Additionally, the amount of carotenoids deposited in eggs may be dependent on male traits such as quality and coloration. We evaluated these two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for carotenoid allocation to eggs and assessed paternal effects by supplementing male and female brown anole lizards, Anolis sagrei , with dietary carotenoids or with a combination of carotenoids and vitamin C. We found significant differences in the antioxidant capacities of fertilized and unfertilized eggs produced by female lizards, but the treatment did not affect the antioxidant capacity or carotenoid content of eggs. However, the carotenoid concentration of unfertilized eggs from carotenoid-supplemented females was significantly higher than eggs from the control group. Male coloration and body size did not affect the antioxidant capacity or carotenoid content of the eggs. Carotenoids may be allocated to unfertilized eggs to offset oxidative damage to the dam, with a neutral effect on offspring, rather than to solely provide antioxidant benefits to offspring as has been widely assumed.
Implementation and assessment of a pulmonary diseases elective course for third-year pharmacy students.

Abstract Background Given the significant public health burden of pulmonary diseases and the vital role pharmacists play in management across the continuum of care (and within transitions in care), an elective course for pharmacy students focused on pulmonary diseases was developed. Educational activity A month-long elective course for third-year pharmacy students consisting of 12 class sessions delivered in two-hour periods three times per week, was implemented. The course was delivered using the team-based learning (TBL) format in addition to hands-on skills and simulation sessions. Knowledge and skills assessments were administered before and after completion of the course. Student perceptions of self-confidence and ability regarding management of pulmonary diseases pre- and post-course and their perceptions of the course and TBL as a teaching strategy for this course were evaluated upon course completion. Critical analysis Nine students completed the course. Mean scores on knowledge and skills assessment significantly improved after completion of the course (54.5% pre-course vs. 79.3% post-course; p
Communication Within Plant Cells

This chapter is concerned with the intracellular signaling events that take place in individual plant cells. It summarizes the known intracellular signaling events, cascades, molecular and cellular participants, receptors, transducers, and effectors; as well as their connectivity, interplay, and crosstalk. First, we review the signaling anatomy and physiology of a plant cell, describing the molecular and cellular components that are involved. Then, we provide an overview of the events taking place from perception to attenuation in a variety of contexts. We highlight some intracellular signaling components that are unique to plants. Finally, we use case studies of several types of plant cells and of several types of stimuli that trigger signaling events and result in cellular responses. The analysis of signaling pathways and networks has become an essential tool for understanding cellular functions. The presence of numerous components, their degree of interconnectivity, and their dynamic spatiotemporal redistribution all contribute to the complexity of signaling pathways. We suggest that unveiling the cellular and molecular details of the myriad of intracellular signaling processes is essential for a complete understanding of whole-plant physiology.
Risk, resilience, and gene-environment interplay in primates.

Objectives The primary objectives of the body of research reported here was to demonstrate significant interactions between genetic and social environmental factors that clearly influenced both the biological and behavioral responses of rhesus monkeys to social stressors such as separation from familial and/or familiar conspecifics throughout development and to investigate possible mechanisms underlying such interactions. Methods Prospective longitudinal studies of rhesus monkeys reared in both captive and naturalistic settings have examined individual differences in biological and behavioral responses to stress throughout the lifespan. Results Approximately 20% of monkeys in both settings consistently display unusually fearful and anxious-like behavioral reactions to novel, mildly stressful social situations and depressive-like symptoms following repeated separations from familial and/or familiar conspecifics during their infant and juvenile years, as well as profound and prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in both situations. Both genetic and experiential factors - as well as their interaction -- are implicated in these reactions to social stress. For example, a specific polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene is associated with deficits in neonatal neurobehavioral functioning and in extreme behavioral and adreno-cortical responses to social separation among infant and juvenile monkeys who experienced insecure early attachments but not in monkeys who developed secure attachment relationships with their mothers during infancy (maternal "buffering"). Similar instances of maternal "buffering" have been demonstrated in significant gene-environment interplay involving several other "candidate" gene polymorphisms. Moreover, because the attachment style of a monkey mother is typically "copied" by her daughters when they become mothers themselves, similar "buffering" is likely to occur for the next generation of infants carrying so-called "risk" alleles. Conclusions Specific gene-environment interactions can influence behavioral and biological reactions to social stress not only throughout development but also across successive generations of rhesus monkey families.
The Sectoral Politics of War: Evidence from Public Support for the U.S. - Iraq War in 2003

Do commercial interests favor peace? Or, does war bring profits to select industries? Such questions are critical to a variety of theories about interstate and intrastate war. At the same time, a large literature contends that economic considerations are an important determinant of voting and public opinion in the United States. Taken together, this raises a question relevant to both literatures: do economic interests affect public opinion about war? In this paper, I address this question by investigating whether or not the expected economic effects of military action were a consideration in public support for the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Although political elites surely influenced support for war with Iraq, I argue that private economic considerations were also important. In particular, financial markets expected the invasion of Iraq to have a broad distributional of economic consequences, with some sectors, such as construction, energy, and defense, being relative winners and other sectors, such as information technology, consumer discretionary, and airlines, being relative losers. Consistent with an asset theory of individual policy preferences, these differences are reflected in public opinion about war in a relatively reasonable fashion. Respondents with industry-specific assets working in sectors the market expected to be winners were more supportive of war than those working in sectors expected to be losers, ceteris paribus. The results provide additional micro-foundations for political economy theories of war and peace.
Evaluating the Use of Silicone Wristbands To Measure Personal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants.

Biomarkers remain the gold standard for assessing chemical exposure. However, silicone wristbands may provide some added benefits for characterizing personal exposures compared to single biomarker measurements, such as decreased costs, noninvasive sampling, and increased ease of analysis. Previously, we validated their use in characterizing exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs). However, it is unclear whether these results would extend to chemicals like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which biomagnify and have longer half-lives than PFRs in the body. This study sought to determine if accumulation of PBDEs on wristbands was correlated to serum biomarkers. Adult participants (n = 30) provided serum samples and wore wristbands for 7 days. PBDEs and 6 novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were measured on wristbands, and serum samples were analyzed for PBDE biomarkers. Like most PBDE congeners, 5 of 6 novel BFRs were frequently detected on wristbands (≥90% of bands). In particular, de...
Low-energy electron scattering from CH 3 Cl

The complex Kohn variational method is used to study low-energy electron collision processes involving CH{sub 3}Cl. The elastic differential and momentum transfer cross sections are studied from low electron energy (0.5 eV) through the resonance region (3.5 eV) to 10 eV. The effects of target correlation and polarization are studied. A comparison is made between the results of this study and experimental results available for this system. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Boundary Observers for the Expected Value of a Randomly Switching Reaction-Diffusion PDE

The pointwise expected value of the solution of a randomly switching reaction-diffusion PDE is by itself the solution of a deterministic system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations; provided that the random switching is Markovian and that the PDE satisfies some regularity conditions. Following recent results on boundary observers for systems of coupled reaction-diffusion equations, an observer is constructed for the asymptotic estimation of the expected value of the randomly switching reaction-diffusion PDE. Although only the case where the PDE switches between two states is developed here, the same results hold for an arbitrary, but finite, number of switching states. In general, the observer gains are to be computed numerically from the solution of a system of coupled second order hyperbolic PDEs. Several phenomena described by randomly switching reaction-diffusion PDEs, for example: neurotransmitters diffusion that take into account switching between quiescent and firing states, thermostats and failure in lithium-ion batteries.
Laser-induced acoustic desorption

Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) enables the desorption of nonvolatile and/or thermally labile neutral compounds, such as asphaltenes, saturated hydrocarbons in base-oil fractions and biomolecules, from a metal surface into a mass spectrometer. This is a “gentle” evaporation technique and causes minimal fragmentation to the desorbed neutral molecules, including oligonucleotides and polypeptides. LIAD can be coupled with a wide range of ionization methods to facilitate analysis of the desorbed analytes by using many different types of mass spectrometers, including Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, linear quadrupole ion trap and quadrupole time-of-flight instruments. The development and improvement of LIAD remains an active research area with diverse goals such as better desorption efficiencies, minimized analyte fragmentation and greater versatility. This article details the theory, experimental methods, applications, and future directions of LIAD in combination with mass spectrometry.
The prognostic value of KRAS mutation in locally advanced rectal cancer.

e15090Background: The prognostic value and prognostic value of the KRAS proto-oncogene mutation in colorectal cancer has been debated. Herein, we analyzed the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to ass...
Twenty-five years of research on oral and written corrective feedback in System

Abstract This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the research on various aspects of oral and written corrective feedback (CF) based on selected articles published in System over the past 25 years. The review starts with a comparison between oral and written CF, demonstrating that despite the discrepancies in the characteristics and pedagogical practices of the two types of CF, they have been examined from similar perspectives in the research. The striking similarity in the research themes makes it possible to follow the same template in organizing the research synthesis for each CF type. The synthesis for each CF type comprises three sections. Section 1 provides a taxonomy of the CF type in question and summarizes the findings of descriptive or observational research regarding how teachers provide CF and how students react to CF. Section 2 synthesizes the findings of experimental CF research regarding whether CF is effective in facilitating learning gains and what factors constrain its effectiveness. Section 3 discusses the research on teachers’ and students’ beliefs about the utility of CF and how it should be implemented in the classroom.
Regulation of RKIP expression in breast cancer cells by miRNAs

Abstract The majority of breast cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis. A special class of genes regulates the metastatic process. Metastatic genes that can enhance or suppress metastasis have been identified. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a novel metastasis suppressor gene in breast cancer and its expression is diminished in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Making up approximately 25% of all breast cancer cases, TNBC carries the worst prognosis because of its high rates of distant recurrence and metastasis and lack of effective targeted therapies. Importantly, the reduced expression of RKIP in TNBC associates with poor relapse free survival in patients. Restoring RKIP expression in TNBC cells is sufficient to inhibit cancer metastasis in experimental mouse models. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs might play a pivotal role in regulating RKIP expression in breast cancer. We have identified three miRNAs that might have a causal role in downregulating RKIP expression in TNBC. We hypothesize that targeting miRNAs that regulate RKIP for inhibition is a promising strategy to therapeutically restore RKIP expression to inhibit metastasis.
Machine Learning for Interpretation of DNA Variants of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Genes Based on ACMG Criteria

Abstract Background Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of dominantly inherited monogenic diabetes, with HNF4A-MODY, GCK-MODY and HNF1A-MODY being the three most common genes responsible. Molecular diagnosis of MODY is important for precise treatment. While a DNA variant causing MODY can be assessed by the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, gene-specific assessment of disease-causing mutations is important to differentiate between the MODY subtypes. As the ACMG criteria were not originally designed for machine learning algorithms, they are not true independent variables. Methods In this study, we applied machine learning models for interpretation of DNA variants in MODY genes defined by the ACMG criteria based on Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and ClinVar. Results The results show highly predictive abilities with accuracy over 95%, suggest that this model could serve as a fast, gene-specific method for physicians or genetic counselors assisting with diagnosis and reporting, especially when confronted by contradictory ACMG criteria. Also, the weight of the ACMG criteria shows gene specificity which advocates for the application of machine learning methods with the ACMG criteria to capture the most relevant information for each disease-related variant. Conclusion Our results highlight the need for different weights of the ACMG criteria in relation with different MODY genes for accurate functional classification. For proof of principle, we applied the ACMG criteria as feature vectors in a machine learning model obtaining precision-based result.
Peak plant diversity during early forest development in the western United States

Abstract Complex early-seral forests support biological legacies and unique understory vegetation (grasses, forbs, shrubs, juvenile trees) important to wildlife and ecosystem functioning. Intensive management in early-seral forest and other stages could reduce understory plant diversity and homogenize community compositions. Furthermore, the relative effects of management regime may vary at different stages of forest development. To what extent do taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity vary by seral stage and/or ownership (a proxy for management regime) after accounting for climatic variation? For 2224 plant species sampled systematically at 16,330 sites in sixteen Plant Association Zones (PAZs) of Washington, Oregon and California, we estimated taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity (both alpha = richness and beta = heterogeneity measures). Seral stage was inferred using forest structural metrics. Permutational multivariate analyses tested the relative effects of seral stage and ownership type. Across PAZs, a common motif emerged: low diversity in sparse, untreed stages indicated an accumulation period after stand-replacing disturbances, followed immediately by peak diversity in early sapling stages, after which gradually declining diversity coincided with the loss of shade-intolerant species during stand development and canopy closure. Departures from this motif tended to be in climatically less-permissive locations. More of the variation in diversity was explained by seral stage than ownership type (and their interactions were seldom significant). Discriminating the nuanced effects of different management regimes will require context-dependent proxies other than ownership. Identifying generalities in vegetation dynamics—and departures from those generalities—can help balance ecological and social objectives in rapidly changing forest landscapes.
To Whom Little Is Given, Much Is Expected: ECE Teacher Stressors and Supports as Determinants of Classroom Quality

Abstract Early care and education (ECE) teachers are paid strikingly low wages, yet are increasingly expected to advance children’s learning by offering high-quality classroom environments. Teachers’ capacities to provide high-quality instruction should be affected by the stressors they encounter and the supports they receive. However, ECE stressors and supports related to classroom quality, particularly those dimensions of quality reflecting the promotion of students’ self-regulation, are understudied. The capacities teachers draw on to promote student self-regulation, such as patience, planning ability, positive affect, and scaffolding of peer interactions, may be precisely those abilities most likely to be impacted by their own stressors and supports. The current study measures the prevalence of a range of stressors (depressive symptoms, household chaos, less than very good health, teacher salary, food insecurity) and supports (in the workplace and at home) in a sample of ECE teachers serving low-income preschoolers in Tulsa, OK. Multilevel regression models then test for associations between those stressors and supports and observed measures of classroom quality – both the widely-used CLASS and newer measures that assess classroom management, social-emotional instruction, scaffolding of peer interactions, and use of power assertive and dismissive behavioral control – or “red flag” – strategies. The majority of associations from stressors and supports to classroom quality measures were non-significant and effect sizes were small (ranging from 0.17-0.30). Of the stressors, only low teacher salary was significantly associated with quality outcomes, and only for just 2 of 8 outcomes tested (worse classroom management and poorer quality of instruction). Out of the 48 associations tested between the 6 workplace supports and 8 quality outcomes, fewer than one-third were statistically significant and not always in expected directions. Results underscore a need for replication with other samples, using direct measures of teacher stress, so that the field can better understand how these aspects of teachers’ experiences translate into classroom quality, and ultimately, to child outcomes.
A Letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein

Lynda Gaudreau’s current artistic research on asynchrony emerged from her choreographic practice. Asynchrony is the modification or disturbance of perception caused by a slight change in space and/or time within a work, and which, like a pebble, slips inside a machinery. This tiny friction between space and time heightens the audience’s attention. During her doctoral research (2018), she elaborated her conception of asynchrony through specific parameters, such as the hole/ gap, short circuit and fake space. These were organized into three dynamic axes: desynchronization, destruction, and editing. Her project eventually took the form of twenty-five fictional letters to various individuals - artists, thinkers and characters. They include letters to Pier Paolo Pasolini, Cedric Price, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster and a Sainte. The letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the unpublished letters of this project. Begun during the live screening of the American presidential election in 2016, the letter integrates various recollections and texts about space, movement and time. It carries the reader into a choreographic and asynchronic experience, from one place to another, and into different times (live stream, recorded…). The letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein is a reflective enquiry into the relation between space and language, and the mobile nature of both.
The effects of prior experience and gender on middle school students' computer science learning and monitoring accuracy in the Use-Modify-Create progression

Abstract This study investigated middle school students' computer science (CS) learning and monitoring accuracy in the Use-Modify-Create (UMC) progression. This study also examined the effects of prior experience and gender on CS learning and monitoring accuracy measured with sensitivity (proportion of confidence in correct answers) and specificity (proportion of uncertainty in incorrect answers). A total of 255 middle school students participated in this study. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used, and the data were analyzed using multilevel modeling and repeated-measures correlation tests. The results show a non-significant interaction effect of prior experience and gender on students' CS learning and monitoring accuracy. We found that gender significantly interacted with students' CS learning and monitoring accuracy, primarily specificity. In particular, UMC progression was able to reduce the gender gap in CS performance, and improved male monitoring accuracy. The results also showed a significant positive correlation between students' CS performance and sensitivity, and negative correlation with specificity. We discuss the results around the potential advantage of using a UMC progression strategy to reduce gender gaps in CS education, as well as the extent to which UMC can facilitate better instructional environments for serving students with a range of prior experiences.
Ultra-high temperature resistant preformed particle gels for enhanced oil recovery

Abstract Gel treatment is one of the most efficient enhanced oil recovery techniques used for conformance control. In recent years, preformed particle gels (PPG) have gained attention for conformance control and to reduce water production. However, there are no current products available to withstand reservoir conditions with high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity. In this paper, we describe the development, characterization and detailed evaluation of a unique hydrogel composition with ultrahigh temperature resistance (HT-PPGs) for chemical enhanced oil recovery. HT-PPG described herein can swell more than 30 times its initial volume in brines of different ionic strengths. We systematically evaluated the effect of variables like temperature, pH, salinity, monovalent vs divalent ions on swelling behavior. The HT-PPGs are mechanically robust in nature with storage moduli (G’) of over 3000 Pa at about 90 percent water content. Additionally, HT-PPGs showed excellent thermal stability at 150 °C for more than 12 months in monovalent and divalent ion containing brines at all swelling ratios. HT-PPGs exhibit exceptional hydrolytic thermal stability for more than 18 months in 2% KCl brine (at water content of greater than 93 percent) at 150 °C. Coreflooding tests were performed in a fractured core and showed good plugging efficiency, helped to reduce the permeability of fracture and did not wash out, were not eluted, during the test. HT-PPG discussed in this work, is a unique product with excellent features which makes it an ideal candidate for conformance control of reservoirs with harsh temperature, salinity conditions.
Smart Grid Sensors: Principles and Applications

Discover the ever-growing field of smart grid sensors, covering traditional and state-of-the-art sensor technologies, as well as data-driven and intelligent methods for using sensor measurements in support of innovative smart grid applications. Covers recent and emerging topics, such as smart meters, synchronized phasor measurements, and synchronized waveform measurements. Additional advanced topics and future trends are also discussed, such as situational awareness, probing, and working with off-domain measurements. Including real-world examples, exercise questions, and sample data sets, this is an essential text for students, researchers, and scientists, as well as field engineers and practitioners in the areas of smart grid and power systems.
A Scoping Review of Interventions for the Treatment of Eco-Anxiety

As climate change worsens and public awareness of its grave impact increases, individuals are increasingly experiencing distressing mental health symptoms which are often grouped under the umbrella term of eco-anxiety. Clear guidance is needed to enable mental health professionals to make informed choices of appropriate interventions and approaches in their eco-anxiety treatment plans. A scoping review was conducted to examine the current understanding of eco-anxiety and related intervention options and recommendations. The review included 34 records, 13 of which reflected specific psychological approaches. A thematic analysis of the content of the selected records yielded five major themes across interventions for individual and group treatment of eco-anxiety: practitioners’ inner work and education, fostering clients’ inner resilience, encouraging clients to take action, helping clients find social connection and emotional support by joining groups, and connecting clients with nature. Recommendations for treatment plans are to focus on holistic, multi-pronged, and grief-informed approaches that include eco-anxiety focused group work.
Nonprofits and the Promotion of Civic Engagement: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the "Civic Footprint" of Nonprofits within Local Communities

ABSTRACT The literature suggests that nonprofit organizations provide civic benefits by promoting engagement within local communities. However, there exists minimal empirical evidence describing the ways in which nonprofits actually undertake this role. In order to address this omission, we conducted interviews with personnel of nonprofit organizations in one rural community in the United States. Our preliminary findings indicate that nonprofit organizations promote civic engagement through programs and activities that: 1) engage volunteers and donors; 2) bring community members together; 3) collaborate with organizations within and beyond the community; and 4) promote community education and awareness. Together, these findings help to develop a working model to understand the civic footprint of nonprofit organizations with methodological implications for future research that would seek to measure the extent to which nonprofits promote civic engagement. Il est normal de supposer que les associations a but non lucratif favorisent l’engagement du citoyen dans les communautes locales. Cependant, il existe peu de donnees empiriques sur la maniere dont ces associations assument veritablement ce role. Pour combler ce manque, nous avons mene des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis aupres du personnel d’associations a but non lucratif dans une petite communaute rurale aux Etats-Unis. Nos resultats preliminaires indiquent que ces associations motivent les citoyens a s’impliquer quand elles offrent des programmes et des activites qui : 1) interessent les benevoles et les donateurs; 2) rassemblent directement ou indirectement les membres de la communaute; 3) collaborent avec d’autres associations tant au sein de la communaute qu’au-dela de celle-ci; et 4) encouragent l’education et la conscientisation communautaires. Ces constats aident a etablir un modele pour mieux comprendre la presence civique des associations a but non lucratif dans les communautes et indiquent une piste a suivre pour des recherches futures qui examineraient l’influence de ces associations sur le niveau de participation civique.
Memoization-Based Proof Search in LF: An Experimental Evaluation of a Prototype

Abstract Elf is a general meta-language for the specification and implementation of logical systems in the style of the logical framework LF. Proof search in this framework is based on the operational semantics of logic programming. In this paper, we discuss experiments with a prototype for memoization-based proof search for Elf programs. We compare the performance of memoization-based proof search, depth-first search and iterative deepening search using two applications: 1) Bi-directional type-checker with subtyping and intersection types 2) Parsing of formulas into higher-order abstract syntax. These experiments indicate that memoization-based proof search is a practical and overall more efficient alternative to depth-first and iterative deepening search.
Deep-water errant polychaetes from Hardangerfjorden, western Norway

Abstract The errantiate polychaetes from waters deeper than 200 m in Hardangerfjorden include 37 species of which 5 are newly described. These include Nothria fiordica, Eunice dubitatus, Lumbrineris agastos, L. aniara, and L. scopa. The faunal composition indicates a close relationship to shallow-water faunas in the region, and differs from the usual composition of deep-water polychaetes. A preliminary analysis indicates the presence of ecological groupings of polychaetes in Hardangerfjorden.