cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Interactive Holographic Curriculum for Urogynecologic Surgery.

Background Urogynecologic surgery, transvaginal pelvic floor surgery in particular, requires learning by feel and high-volume pattern recognition. In the era of limited duty hours and case numbers, we sought to develop a curriculum, one that can be self-guided, to help trainees develop a spatial understanding of the relationships of pelvic floor musculature, ligamentous supports, and surrounding neurovasculature outside of the operating room. Instrument We created and piloted an innovative interactive holographic using an augmented reality headset to teach surgical anatomy, procedural steps, recognition, and management of the uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrospinous ligament fixation, the two most common native tissue vaginal prolapse repairs. Experience Our curriculum was independently trialed by obstetrics and gynecology residents and subspecialty fellows and was widely accepted by trainees, postgraduate levels 1-6. As compared with usual self-study, 88% ranked the modules as "much" or "very much better" and 81% would be "likely" or "very likely" to use mixed reality smartglasses to prepare for surgery. Conclusion This interactive holographic curriculum is a novel technique to teach complex pelvic floor anatomy, key steps, and management of complications of the uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrospinous ligament fixation. It is widely accepted by obstetrics and gynecology residents and gynecologic subspecialty fellows.
Magnetic Integration into SiC Power Module for Current Balancing

High-current power module contains dice in parallel. Threshold-voltage mismatch among paralleled dice leads to unbalanced turn-on peak currents and switching energies, thus degrading reliability. A passive method employing inversely coupled inductors of tens of nH and drive-source resistors reduces current unbalance. An integrated design of the coupled inductors is required to facilitate their practical use in a power module. Layout to achieve inverse coupling, high coupling coefficient, and low voltage stress, as well as magnetic materials suitable for operation at tens of MHz, and high current rating of tens of Amperes with small magnetic core are the challenges for its implementation. A module with integrated coupled inductors that achieve inverse coupling by utilizing the copper trace of the substrate and bond wires, size comparable to the silicon carbide (SiC) die, coupling coefficient higher than 0.98, tens of nH operating at tens of MHz, and current rating of tens of Amperes was designed, fabricated, and validated in this work. The coupled inductors with magnetic material of low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) are compatible with existing packaging technology for module fabrication. Effectiveness on reducing transient-current mismatch at various input voltages, load currents, and gate resistances was verified by experiments. Compared with the baseline module following commercial practice, the module with integrated coupled inductors reduces current unbalance from 36% to 6.4% and turn-on-energy difference from 28% to 2.6% while maintaining the same total switching energy and negligible increase of voltage stress.
ENDOCRINE OUTCOMES OF TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY FOR PITUITARY APOPLEXY VERSUS ELECTIVE SURGERY FOR PITUITARY ADENOMA.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the rate of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary apoplexy (PA) versus elective resection of a null cell (NC) macroade...
Non-visual Perception of Lines on a Multimodal Touchscreen Tablet

While text-to-speech software has largely made textual information accessible in the digital space, analogous access to graphics still remains an unsolved problem. Because of their portability and ubiquity, several studies have alluded to touchscreens as a potential platform for such access, yet there is still a gap in our understanding of multimodal information transfer in the context of graphics. The current research demonstrates feasibility for following lines, a fundamental graphical concept, via vibrations and sounds on commercial touchscreens. Two studies were run with 21 blind and visually impaired participants (N = 12; N = 9). The first study examined the presentation of straight, linear lines using a multitude of line representations, such as vibration-only, auditory-only, vibration lines with auditory borders, and auditory lines with vibration borders. The results of this study demonstrated that both auditory and vibratory bordered lines were optimal for precise tracing, although both vibration- and auditory-only lines were also sufficient for following, with minimal deviations. The second study examined the presentation of curving, non-linear lines. Conditions differed on the number of auditory reference points presented at the inflection and deflection points. Participants showed minimal deviation from the lines during tracing, performing nearly equally in both 1- and 3-point conditions. From these studies, we demonstrate that line following via multimodal feedback is possible on touchscreens, and we present guidelines for the presentation of such non-visual graphical concepts.
#Screening out: Criminal justice students’ awareness of social media usage in policing

The “rise of police indiscretion” on social media has sparked demands to closely monitor officers’ online activity and more effectively screen job applicants. The extent to which criminal justice m...
Contributions of quantum chemistry to the development of ring opening polymerizations and chemical recycling

Abstract Quantum chemistry has increasingly become an integral component for the development of homogeneous catalytic processes to form polymers and to break them down. This review examines how quantum chemistry has been utilized to gain insights on mechanisms and selectivities in polymerization and depolymerization reactions by homogeneous catalysts, from some of the earliest uses of theory to the most recent efforts. Key aspects of catalysis by transition-metal catalysts, organocatalytic bases and organic acids will be highlighted.
Pyrimidines. 24. Analogues and derivatives of 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP)†

Preparation of a number of derivatives of 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP) including the 2-dialkylaminoalkylamino-, 2-hydroxyalkylamino-, 2-ethoxycarbonylamino- and 2-alkylaminocarbonyl-amino- groups substituted on the pyrimidine ring as well as preparation of 1-(alkylaminoalkyl)-4,6-dioxo-8-phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-α]pyrimidines and 3,5-dioxo-7-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo-[1,2-α]pyrimidines with or without the bromo-substitution are reported.
Syndecan-1 Mediates Sorting of Soluble Lipoprotein Lipase with Sphingomyelin-Rich Membrane in the Golgi Apparatus.

Summary In the secretory pathway, budding of vesicular transport carriers from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) must coordinate specification of lipid composition with selection of secreted proteins. We elucidate a mechanism of soluble protein cargo sorting into secretory vesicles with a sphingomyelin-rich membrane; the integral membrane proteoglycan Syndecan-1 (SDC1) acts as a sorting receptor, capturing the soluble enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) during export from the TGN. Sorting of LPL requires bivalent interactions between LPL and SDC1-linked heparan sulfate chains and between LPL and the Golgi membrane. Physical features of the SDC1 transmembrane domain, rather than a specific sequence, confer targeting of SDC1 and bound LPL into the sphingomyelin secretion pathway. This study establishes that physicochemical properties of a protein transmembrane domain that drive lateral heterogeneity of the plasma membrane also operate at the TGN to confer sorting of an integral membrane protein and its ligand within the biosynthetic secretory pathway.
Conservative Treatment of Charcot Neuroarthropathy

A multidisciplinary approach is the key to Charcot foot management. The total contact cast (TCC) remains the gold standard treatment of active Charcot neuropathic osteoarthopathy (CN). However, outcomes are better if treatment is started as soon as possible after the onset of clinical symptoms.
A Case Study Using Shame Resilience Theory: Walking Each Other Home

Homelessness is an epidemic that affects thousands of people in the United States, the majority being single adults. Stigma and shame are emotions that can saturate the homeless experience. People who are experiencing homelessness can be subjected to shame from society, their community, and themselves, but also by the very organizations and social workers who are meant to help end their period of homelessness. When a person feels shamed and stigmatized by a social worker or organization, they are less likely to seek out or return and receive the services that can help them change their circumstances. Incorporating the key components of shame resilience theory (SRT) into the engagement phase with people who are experiencing homelessness can have an immense impact on that person’s ability to navigate their experience and build resiliency. The case presented is that of a woman who experienced homelessness for three years. Her experience highlights how shaming interactions with providers can lead to disengagement from services, while experiencing empathy and building shame resilience can lead to drastic change. By integrating the components of SRT into clinical practice with people who are experiencing homelessness, social workers will be informed regarding how to build a strong empathic relationship that is crucial to helping the individual build shame resilience and the ability to change their circumstances.
Assessing the success of teacher leadership: the case for asking new questions

While many educational practitioners and researchers can speak to the benefits of teacher leadership anecdotally and theoretically, tracing direct evidence of impact via traditional quantified meas...
Tree Cover Number and Maximum Semidefinite Nullity of Some Graph Classes

Let $G$ be a graph with a vertex set $V$ and an edge set $E$ consisting of unordered pairs of vertices. The tree cover number of $G$, denoted $\tau(G)$, is the minimum number of vertex disjoint simple trees occurring as induced subgraphs of $G$ that cover all the vertices of $G$. In this paper, the tree cover number of a line graph $\tau(L(G))$ is shown to be equal to the path number $\pi(G)$ of $G$. Also, the tree cover numbers of shadow graphs, corona and Cartesian product of two graphs are found. The graph parameter $\tau(G)$ is related to another graph parameter $M_+(G)$, called the maximum semidefinite nullity of $G$. Suppose $S_+(G,\mathbb{R})$ denotes the collection of positive semidefinite real symmetric matrices associated with a given graph $G$. Then $M_+(G)$ is the maximum nullity among all matrices in $S_+(G,\mathbb{R})$. It has been conjectured that $\tau(G)\leq M_+(G)$. The conjecture is shown to be true for graph classes considered in this work.
The Differential Effects of Privacy Protections and Digital Ad Taxes on Publisher and Advertiser Profitability

We model an asymmetric ad-network duopoly with heterogeneous publishers and advertisers to assess the effects of data frictions (driven, for instance, by stricter data rulesets or digital ad taxes), on the profits of publishers, advertisers, and the ad networks. We show that new frictions that hamper ad networks' ability to deliver revenues lead to the highest percentage profit declines for small publishers and small advertisers, and especially for the subset that contracts with the smaller ad network. We demonstrate that our findings are robust to regulations that differentially impact ad networks and to other market settings.
Search for New Bosons in Gluon-Gluon and Vector Boson Fusion Processes at the LHC and Development of Silicon Module Assembly Techniques for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

A search for heavy resonances decaying to a pair of vectors bosons is presented which utilizes events in which a hadronically decaying Z orWboson is identified using jet substructure techniques and large missing transverse momentum is found. Data analyzed were recorded by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and correspond to 137 fb−1. The events are categorized as having arisen from Vector Boson Fusion process or not, and are characterized by their transverse mass distribution. The standard model backgrounds are estimated based on observed yields in control regions. No excess of events above the expected SM background are observed and limits are placed on the production cross section of Radion (spin-0), Wprime (spin-1) and Bulk graviton (spin- 2) particles. In adiditon, the high luminosity LHC and the CMS HGCAL upgrade are also presented. The assembly techniques and various tests for the Silicon module and the cassette are discussed.
What’s Gender Got to Do with It? An Empirical Examination of Gender-based Workplace Feedback and Performance

Real-time workplace feedback applications allow managers to deliver performance reviews to their staff in a timely manner, addressing positive and negative behaviors soon after they occur instead of waiting until an end-of-year review. As with traditional forms of workplace feedback, implicit and explicit gender biases may play a role in the fairness and quality of real-time performance reviews. In this study, we apply a qualitative content analysis to managerial workplace feedback gathered through a commercially available mobile app to specifically examine gender-based differences in workplace feedback. Gendered patterns in feedback may lead to ethical concerns and inadvertently affect how employees are or are not able to develop and advance throughout their career. Although organizations are increasingly adopting real-time performance feedback as a replacement for traditional annual reviews, the research on the role that real-time feedback applications play in employee performance is limited. This study is among the first to explore how performance feedback apps are used in business settings by men and women in managerial and non-managerial roles. Our research finds that employee work performance is directly associated with the rating scores they receive and the quality of comments their rater provides. We find differences between how managers and non-managers of both genders rate each other and explore the pairings of male-male, female-male, female-female, and male-female rater and ratee pairings to discern how managers and non-managers rate and receive feedback across genders. Our findings have implications for the design and implementation of real-time feedback systems in organizations. Further, organizational leaders need to understand the dynamics and behaviors involved in delivering and receiving real-time workplace feedback in order to effectively implement these applications to best serve their organizations and address any issues caused by underlying gender dynamics.
Multi-Area Model-Free State Estimation via Distributed Tensor Decomposition

This paper proposes a model-free method for distribution system state estimation based on tensor completion using canonical polyadic decomposition. In particular, we consider a setting where the network is divided into multiple areas. The measured physical quantities at buses located in the same area are processed by an area controller. A third-order tensor is constructed to collect these measured quantities. The measurements are analyzed locally to recover the full state information of the network. A closed-form iterative algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is developed to obtain the low-rank factors of the whole network state tensor where information exchange happens only between neighboring areas. To demonstrate the efficacy of the developed algorithm, numerical simulations are carried out using an IEEE test system.
Search Behavior Regarding Cancer Susceptibility Genes Using a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Gene-Specific Penetrance: Content Analysis.

Background: Genetic testing for germline cancer susceptibility genes is widely available. The Ask2Me.org (All Syndromes Known to Man Evaluator) tool is a clinical decision support tool that provides evidence-based risk predictions for individuals with pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the search behavior of the Ask2Me.org tool users, identify the patterns of queries entered, and discuss how to further improve the tool. Methods: We analyzed the Ask2Me.org user-generated queries collected between December 12, 2018, and October 8, 2019. The gene frequencies of the user-generated queries were compared with previously published panel testing data to assess the correspondence between usage and prevalence of pathogenic variants. The frequencies of prior cancer in the user-generated queries were compared with the most recent US population–based cancer incidence. Results: A total of 10,085 search queries were evaluated. The average age submitted in the queries was 48.8 (SD 16.5) years, and 84.1% (8478/10,085) of the submitted queries were for females. BRCA2 (1671/10,085, 16.6%), BRCA1 (1627/10,085, 16.1%), CHEK2 (994/10,085, 9.9%), ATM (662/10,085, 6.6%), and APC (492/10,085, 4.9%) were the top 5 genes searched by users. There was a strong linear correlation between genes queried by users and the frequency of pathogenic variants reported in published panel testing data (r=0.95, r2=0.90, P<.001). Over half of the queries (5343/10,085, 53.0%) included a prior personal history of cancer. The frequencies of prior cancers in the queries on females were strongly correlated with US cancer incidences (r=0.97, r2=0.95, P<.001), while the same correlation was weaker among the queries on males (r=0.69, r2=0.47, P=.02). Conclusions: The patients entered in the Ask2Me.org tool are a representative cohort of patients with pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes in the United States. While a majority of the queries were on breast cancer susceptibility genes, users also queried susceptibility genes with lower prevalence, which may represent a transformation from single gene testing to multigene panel testing. Owing to these changing tides, more efforts are needed to improve evidence-based clinical decision support tools to better aid clinicians and their practice.
Hysteresis-free MOSCAP made with Al 2 O 3 /(010)β-Ga 2 O 3 interface using a combination of surface cleaning, etching and post-deposition annealing

Development of electronic-grade gate dielectrics with negligible hysteresis, low interface defect density (N IT ), reduced gate leakage and high breakdown strength (E BD ) have significant importance for the application of β-Ga 2 O 3 in next-generation power electronic devices. In this article, we present a method for fabricating a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) exhibiting low hysteresis by depositing Al 2 O 3 on a piranha-cleaned, BOE (buffered oxide etchant)-treated, (010) β-Ga 2 O 3 and after performing forming gas post-deposition annealing (FG-PDA). Resultant devices were characterized using different electrical methods and using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). An interface defect density of ~ 1011 cm-2 was obtained for the MOSCAP that had the most optimized process showing a V FB ~ 1.0V and a gate leakage of J G ≤ 2x10-8 A/cm2 when the device was accumulated up to ~ 2.7 MV/cm. This is the first demonstration of hysteresis-free MOSCAP using a (010) β-Ga 2 O 3 substrate.
Empirical evaluation of the spatial scale and detection process of camera trap surveys

BACKGROUND Camera traps present a valuable tool for monitoring animals but detect species imperfectly. Occupancy models are frequently used to address this, but it is unclear what spatial scale the data represent. Although individual cameras monitor animal activity within a small target window in front of the device, many practitioners use these data to infer animal presence over larger, vaguely-defined areas. Animal movement is generally presumed to link these scales, but fine-scale heterogeneity in animal space use could disrupt this relationship. METHODS We deployed cameras at 10 m intervals across a 0.6 ha forest plot to create an unprecedentedly dense sensor array that allows us to compare animal detections at these two scales. Using time-stamped camera detections we reconstructed fine-scale movement paths of four mammal species and characterized (a) how well animal use of a single camera represented use of the surrounding plot, (b) how well cameras detected animals, and (c) how these processes affected overall detection probability, p. We used these observations to parameterize simulations that test the performance of occupancy models in realistic scenarios. RESULTS We document two important aspects of animal movement and how it affects sampling with passive detectors. First, animal space use is heterogeneous at the camera-trap scale, and data from a single camera may poorly represent activity in its surroundings. Second, cameras frequently (14-71%) fail to record passing animals. Our simulations show how this heterogeneity can introduce unmodeled variation into detection probability, biasing occupancy estimates for species with low p. CONCLUSIONS Occupancy or population estimates with camera traps could be improved by increasing camera reliability to reduce missed detections, adding covariates to model heterogeneity in p, or increasing the area sampled by each camera through different sampling designs or technologies.
Assessing the necessity of a family of genes that encode small proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum development.

Dictyostelium discoideum’s genome encodes for a large class of small proteins that are developmentally regulated. We deleted six of the genes that encode these proteins to determine if they play an essential role in Dictyostelium discoideum development. Deletion of these genes had no significant effect on Dictyostelium discoideum development. These results suggest that the selected genes do not play an essential role in Dictyostelium discoideum development.
MuSun: muon capture on the deuteron

The goal of the MuSun experiment at PSI is to measure the rate of muon capture on the deuteron with a precision of 1.5%. This rate will be used to fix the low-energy constant that describes the two-nucleon weak axial current in Chiral perturbation theory. It will therefore calibrate evaluations of solar proton-proton fusion and neutrino-deuteron scattering(SNO experiment). MuSun forms part of the systematic program to achieve a new level of precision in confronting the theories of weak interactions, QCD and few body physics. MuSun inherits some of the well developed techniques and apparatus from a successful measurement of the rate for muon capture on the proton, the MuCap experiment, also performed at PSI. As in MuCap, MuSun uses a TPC as an active target. To optimize the molecular kinetics, its ultra-pure deuterium gas is kept at 31K. The status of the hardware and details of the data analysis for a high statistics run taken in 2013 will be presented.
Nitric Oxide: Biological Targets

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule for many eukaryotic organisms. NO is produced in vivo by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from the amino acid L-arginine. The apolar gas readily diffuses across cell membranes, where it binds to the heme of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the principle NO receptor. Once activated, sGC converts GTP to cGMP at a rate that is several-hundred–fold above the basal level. This NO/cGMP signaling cascade modulates several physiologic processes including vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and neurotransmission. Although the cGMP-dependent affects of NO remain active areas of research, additional cGMP-independent responses to NO also are being investigated. Endogenous levels of NO can modulate protein function by S-nitrosation, a covalent modification that has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the immune response and in apoptosis.
VIP and PACAP: neuropeptide modulators of CNS inflammation, injury, and repair

Inflammatory processes play both regenerative and destructive roles in multiple sclerosis, stroke, CNS trauma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's. Endogenous defence mechanisms against these pathologies include those that are directly neuroprotective, and those that modulate the expression of inflammatory mediators in microglia, astrocytes, and invading inflammatory cells. While a number of mechanisms and molecules have been identified that can directly promote neuronal survival, less is known about how the brain protects itself from harmful inflammation, and further, how it co-opts the healing function of the immune system to promote CNS repair. The two closely related neuroprotective peptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), which are up-regulated in neurons and immune cells after injury and/or inflammation, are known to protect neurons, but also exert powerful in vivo immunomodulatory actions, which are primarily anti-inflammatory. These peptide actions are mediated by high-affinity receptors expressed not only on neurons, but also astrocytes, microglia and peripheral inflammatory cells. Well-established immunomodulatory actions of these peptides are to inhibit macrophage and microglia production and release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, and polarization of T-cell responses away from Th1 and Th17, and towards a Th2 phenotype. More recent studies have revealed that these peptides can also promote the production of both natural and inducible subsets of regulatory T-cells. The neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions of VIP and PACAP suggest that receptors for these peptides may be therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and other forms of CNS injury.
Doubtful Threats and the Limits of Student Speech Rights

Public school authorities are charged with occasionally conflicting missions, including the promotion of academic learning, independent thought, personal responsibility, and a measure of orderliness. Conflicts among these values often take the form of what that Article refers to as "doubtful threats," in which the threat is reasonable judged, under the circumstances, to be unlikely to be carried out, and at a minimum to lack the element of imminence. Often, courts adjudicate such cases by finding a "substantial disruption" under Tinker. Among the Article's conclusions is that candor and transparency suggest that the courts should instead shift the focus in such cases from "disruption," as defined in Tinke, to something more akin to "distraction." While a focus on distraction is not endorsed by the language of Tinker, such a focus is both more accurately descriptive of the circumstances in many of the doubtful threat cases and at least equally faithful to a sensible balancing of the public schools' basic civic and educational missions.
Plasma Wave Measurements: Skepticism and Plausibility

Plasma waves, at least linear plasma waves, are characterized by four parameters, which may have complex values: one of frequency and three of wave vector. Generally, space plasma wave instruments have only measured wave frequency while assuming wave vector properties, either for instrument design or for interpreting plasma wave data. Exceptions to this general trend, such as instruments that measure wave vector properties, have revealed that in many cases these assumptions are wrong; thus skepticism is appropriate for interpreting plasma wave data, while instrument design is critical for assuring plausible results. In this brief paper we outline the inherent challenges in completely measuring plasma wave properties and examine several case studies where knowledge of wave vector properties has been critical.
Antibiotic Resistance: An Ecological Imbalance

Antibiotic resistance thwarts the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Although a number of factors can be identified which contribute to the problem, clearly the antibiotic as a selective agent and the resistance gene as the vehicle of resistance are the two most important, making up a 'drug resistance equation'. Both are needed in order for a clinical problem to arise. Given sufficient time and quantity of antibiotic, drug resistance will eventually appear. But a public health problem is not inevitable if the two components of the drug resistance equation are kept in check. Enhancing the emergence of resistance is the case by which resistance determinants and resistant bacteria can spread locally and globally, selected by widespread use of the same antibiotics in people, animal husbandry and agriculture. Antibiotics are societal drugs. Each individual use contributes to the sum total of society's antibiotic exposure. In a broader sense, the resistance problem is ecological. In the framework of natural competition between susceptible and resistant bacteria, antibiotic use has encouraged growth of the resistant strains, leading to an imbalance in prior relationships between susceptible and resistant bacteria. To restore efficacy to earlier antibiotics and to maintain the success of new antibiotics that are introduced, we need to use antibiotics in a way which assures an ecological balance that favours the predominance of susceptible bacterial flora.
Should the north make unilateral technology transfers to the south?: North–South cooperation and conflicts in responses to global climate change

Abstract Whether developed countries should make unilateral technology transfers to developing countries in order to address global environment problems is debatable. This paper discusses the issue in a framework that recognizing nations' joint production of environmental externalities. Unlike the existing literature on unilateral transfers, this paper presents a North–South environmental–economic optimal growth model that allows transfers to mitigate externalities only. The paper derives criteria that would make such transfers feasible. By solving the transfer problem in a modified RICE model [Nordhaus, W.D., Yang, Z., 1996. A regional dynamic general equilibrium model of alternative climate change strategies, Am. Econ. Rev., 86 (4) 741–65], this paper also provides information on the timing and the amount of unilateral transfers from North to South to address potential global warming problem, one major global environmental externality. A policy implication from this study is that moderate employment of unilateral transfers would benefit North along with the world as a whole.
Electroconvulsive therapy : current concepts

Recent developments in the practice and theory of ECT are reviewed. Indications, efficacy, and risk/benefit considerations are discussed with emphasis on the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of increased and earlier usage of ECT in hospitalized patients. Treatment procedures are presented in some detail with listings of medical considerations, management of complications, and other applications to general hospital practice. Research on the mechanism of action, potential future developments, and some training issues are briefly discussed.
Uptake of radiosulfur during the healing of surgical wounds.

The feasibility of using the deposition of S35 in wounds as a measure of the rate of healing was investigated by administering isotopically labeled methionine, cystine, or sulfate to surgical patients. It was found that the level of S35 measurable at the surface of the wounds was higher when either methionine-S35 or cystine-S35 was given after wounding than when given before. More S35 was incorporated into the wound tissue when methionine was the source of the isotope than when labeled cystine supplied the S35. About 4-7 times as much S35 was detectable in the regenerating wound tissue within a few days after wounding, compared to S35 detectable in unaltered skin. Only a relatively small amount of sulfate-S35 was taken up by healing wound tissue. These results were obtained by the use of a technic which made it possible to measure repetitively, over a long period, the activity at the surface of the same sample of wound tissue.
Scheduling of replicated tasks to meet correctness requirements and deadlines

The authors consider a coarse-grained multiprocessing environment in which multiple task copies or unreliable versions referred to as task instances need to be scheduled to run on unreliable processors in the face of correctness and timeliness requirements that are considered met if c task instances run to correct completion before the deadline d. The authors study the interplay of correctness and timeliness requirements, providing examples of how scheduling policies that are optimal in other contexts can fail to meet correctness and timeliness needs in this environment. Optimal scheduling policies for certain special cases of the problem are presented, followed by a discussion of heuristics with reasonable performance in more general cases. >
Total Synthesis of (±)-7-epi-Nemorosone

A concise total synthesis of (±)-7-epi-nemorosone is reported. Our synthetic approach establishes a viable route to polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol natural products (PPAP’s) bearing a C-7 endo prenyl side chain. Key steps include retro-aldol-vinyl cerium addition to a hydroxy adamantane core scaffold and palladium-mediated deoxygenation.
Early light adaptation in young, middle-aged, and older observers

Early light adaptation (ELA) was examined in young, middle-aged, and older observers in two experiments employing a criterion-free procedure. All subjects had corrected visual acuity of at least 20/30 and no history of ocular pathology. A white, 1.2°, 50-msec test flash (TP) was presented in the center of a white, 8.2° × 7.4°, 1,000-msec photopic adapting field (AF) through an artificial pupil to the left temporal retina. Our results showed a systematic slowing in the time course of ELA: the young group, a steep recovery function; the middle group, a less steep function; and the oldest group, a reversal of the function. The individual data of the young and older observers were characteristic of their groups, but the middle-aged observers showed interesting transitional functions. The possible selective loss of channels in the aging visual system is discussed.
Respiratory surface area as a factor controlling the standard rate of O2 consumption of aquatic salamanders

The standard rate of O2 consumption of various aquatic lunged salamanders is compared for animals breathing water only and for animals breathing both air and water. When submerged and prevented from surfacing in air-equilibrated water, most species studied were capable of survival for periods of at least two weeks. The animals that were allowed to respire bimodally exhibited an increased rate of O2 consumption relative to their submerged counterparts who were denied the use of pulmonary respiration. The standard rate of oxygen consumption is submerged and air-and-water-breathing Siren lacertina was determined over a large range of body size. The rate of the bimodally breathing animals was higher than that of the submerged animals, and the difference increased with increasing body size. These data suggest that it is the oxygen transport capacity of these animals that at least partially regulates the standard rate of O2 consumption rather than all such control being exerted at the cellular level.
Duct flow in magnetohydrodynamics

In dieser Arbeit wird die Stromung einer elektrisch-leitenden Flussigkeit durch ein gerades Rohr mit einem gleichformigen, querlaufenden magnetischen Feld betrachtet. Das Problem wird unter Berucksichtigung des elektromagnetischen Feldes sowohl innerhalb als ausserhalb der Flussigkeit formuliert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird auf die Ableitung der Randbedingungen gerichtet. Es wird klargemacht, dass, wenn die Wande des Rohres endliche Leitfahigkeit haben, das Problem, abgeseben von Einzelfallen, kein gewohnliches Randwertproblem darstellt. Eine Losung wird fur die Stromung durch ein rechteckiges Rohr mit unendlich fernen, dem ausseren Feld parallelen Wanden bei beliebiger Wandleitfahigkeit gefunden, ebenso fur die Stromung durch ein endliches rechteckiges Rohr mit idealleitenden Wanden. Es gelingt, die asymptotische Geschwindigkeitsverteilung bei grosser Hartmannscher Zahl fur ein dunnwandiges symmetrisches Rohr bei beliebiger Wandleitfahigkeit anzugeben.
PNAs for AML

The introduction of the purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs) including fludarabine, pentostatin, and cladribine, either alone or in combination with other agents, has produced durable remissions and cures of patients with the chronic lymphoproliferative disorders chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy
High school students’ experiences in a Sport Education unit: The importance of team autonomy and problem-solving opportunities

This study examined high school students’ experiences in a Sport Education unit being implemented with smaller teams and fewer roles. The participants included one physical education teacher and he...
On information release and the January effect: Accounting-information hypothesis

Since most firms select December fiscal year-ends, theJanuary effect is a fiscal year-end accounting effect, according to the accounting-information hypothesis. This hypothesis attributes the unusually large stock returns in January to higher risk, caused by uncertainty about the impending announcement of firm performance. The empirical evidence does not support the hypothesis. Small firms with non-December fiscal year-ends fail to display a fiscal year-end effect. Yet all small firms, regardless of their fiscal year-end month, exhibit large January returns.
SPA: a smart phone assisted chronic illness self-management system with participatory sensing

The medical system has not been able to effectively adapt to the dramatic transformation in public health challenges; from acute to chronic and lifestyle-related illnesses. Although acute illnesses can be treated successfully in an office or hospital, chronic illnesses comprise the bulk of health care needs and require a very different approach. There is overwhelming consensus that the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic pain, obesity, asthma, HIV, and many other chronic illnesses require substantial patient self-management [2].
CNS glial cells support in vitro survivial, division, and differentiation of dissociated olfactory neuronal progenitor cells

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are replaced and differentiate in adult animals, but differentiation in dissociated cell culture has not been demonstrated. To test whether contact with the CNS regulates maturation, neonatal rat olfactory cells were grown on a culture substrate or on CNS astrocytes. Mature ORNs, immunopositive for olfactory marker protein (OMP), disappeared rapidly from both systems. Neurons positive for neuron-specific tubulin (immature and mature) disappeared from substrate-only cultures, but remained abundant in the cocultures. OMP-positive neurons reappeared after 10 days in vitro. Pulse labeling with [3H]thymidine showed extensive neurogenesis of both immature and mature olfactory neurons. This demonstrates, in vitro, both division and differentiation of olfactory progenitor cells.
Quantum and classical simulations of an excess proton in water

The dynamics of excess proton motion in bulk water is investigated through both quantum and classical molecular dynamics simulations. Results are given both for the dynamics of the excess proton itself, as well as for the solvent dynamics which influence it. The shuttling of the excess proton between two solvating water molecules has been modeled using the empirical valence bond EVB model of Lobaugh and Voth. A critical analysis of the methodology used to model the proton exchange barrier is also given.
Calculations of the Quasi-Geostrophic Potential Vorticity Gradient from Climatological Data.

Climatological data (5-year sets) are used in calculating the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity meridional gradient between 10 and 1000 mb for latitudes from 25 to 65 deg N in the months of January, April, July, and October. The data comprise zonal and one-month averaged values of the zonal velocity and temperature and represent seasonal transitions and extremes. It is noted that previous papers have shown that zeros of the meridional gradient are important in determining the stability properties of the atmosphere. It is shown that the profiles of the meridional gradient generated from the climatological data possess zero in all seasons and at many latitudes and levels. In all seasons, therefore, the atmosphere is shown to have a wide variety of potential sources of baroclinic instability.
Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Risk for Choanal Atresia and Stenosis in Offspring

Objective To assess the relationship between estimated residential maternal exposure to atrazine during pregnancy and the risk for choanal atresia or stenosis in offspring. Study design Data for 280 nonsyndromic cases and randomly selected, population-based controls delivered between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. County-level estimates of atrazine levels obtained from the US Geological Survey were assigned to cases and controls based on maternal county of residence at delivery. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between maternal residential atrazine exposure and the risk for choanal atresia or stenosis in offspring. Results Compared with offspring of mothers with low levels of estimated residential atrazine exposure, those with high levels had nearly a 2-fold increase in risk for choanal atresia or stenosis (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.17-2.74). A significant linear trend was also observed with increasing levels of atrazine exposure (adjusted P = .002). Conclusion A link between maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as atrazine, and the risk of choanal atresia is plausible based on previous findings. Our results lend further support to this hypothesis.
Linguistic, Intellectual, and Adaptive Behavior Skills in a Sample of Children with Communication Disorders

The relationship among norm-referenced measures of language, nonverbal intelligence, and adaptive behavior was examined in a sample of 53 school-aged children (aged 8 to 12 years) with previously diagnosed communication disorders. On average, these children earned scores that were in the “below average” to “well below average” range on all tests. Composite scores within test batteries designed to assess language and adaptive behavior were intercorrelated moderately to highly. Correlations among these batteries, and with a measure of nonverbal intelligence, were in the moderate range. Substantial individual variability was apparent as assessed using profile analysis procedures.
Fine structure and Zeeman effect in the triplet state of 6Li2 by Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy

The low-lying triplet states of the lithium dimer are of particular interest because of their role in the predissociation of states correlating with the 22S112 +22P3a,la atomic states of Li. In this work, the fine structure of the b(1)3H state of 6Li2 is investigated using Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy. The triplet state is accessed using one of the rare singlet-triplet intercombination transitions. In such a transition only one of the triplet fine structure sublevels receives intensity through spin-orbit interaction with the A1EJ state. However, the remaining two fine structure levels can be excited by using the Zeeman interaction to mix levels of different J. Two polarization geometries were used in separate experiments to study different groups of M levels in magnetic fields up to 3 kG. An irreducible tensor derivation of the fine structure and Zeeman Hamiltonian matrix in Hund's case (b) symmetrized basis functions was used to find the electronic perturbation parameters and the spin-spin and spin-rotation fine structure constants by a fit to the Zeeman splitting pattern. In the particular case presented here (levels with high J), the spin-orbit contribution to the fine structure was too small to be accurately determined. However, the electronic singlet-triplet spin-orbit interaction could be found with high precision.
Resolution studies in diffusion tomography

In these resolution studies, a sophisticated version of the finite element method was used to model the time evolution of a laser pulse within a simulated medium. An array of 'detectors', placed in the medium, were used to measure the pulse intensity at a discrete set of points. As we will show in this report, the 'detectors' were able to resolve distortions in the pulse owing to two 1 mm diameter inclusions embedded in this otherwise homogeneous medium and separated by as little as 1 mm. Thus, the data from these detectors could, in principle, be employed by an algorithm designed to solve the inverse problem: the imaging, at 1 mm resolution, of inclusions based upon data from detectors placed, or surrounding, the medium.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mesh generation for two-dimensional regions using a DVST (direct view storage tube) graphics terminal

Abstract This paper describes the code DVMESH and the use of a DVST graphics terminal for applications of preparing mesh data for use in various two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element stress analysis and heat transfer codes.
Hepatitis A virus polyprotein synthesis initiates from two alternative AUG codons

Abstract The genomic RNA of hepatitis A virus has two potential translation initiation sites for synthesis of a 251-kDa polyprotein. It is not known which of these AUG codons, located at positions 735–737 and 741–743, is used in vitro or in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to eliminate each start codon independently. Transcripts from the unmodified and modified cDNA clones were used either to program an in vitro translation system or for transfection of BS-C-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo translation data revealed preferential usage of the downstream AUG located at position 741 to 743, although either site could be utilized in the absence of the other. Both modified RNAs were able to induce productive infections in BS-C-1 cells. Deletion of almost all of the 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR) of the RNA, however, stimulated selection of AUG 735–737 in vitro resulting in equal utilization of both sites, suggesting a strong influence of the 5′ UTR for directing the ribosome to a specific internal initiation site.
An epizootic Amblyospora sp. (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) in field populations of the mosquito, Aedes cantator

Description de l'epizootie, sa progression naturelle et ses implications dans la transmission du pathogene
Modeling of chimney CVD reactors

Abstract A two-dimensional numerical model employing the finite element method was used to phenomenologically describe the effect of buoyancy forces on fluid flow and growth rate for mass transfer-controlled chemical vapor deposition in chimney reactors. For typical reactor geometries at 0.1 atm pressure, buoyancy effects are insignificant, and fluid flow and growth rate uniformity are unaffected by reactor orientation. In the normal orientation with upward gas flow at atmospheric pressure, buoyancy forces influence the flow. For moderate Gr/Re (proportional to the ratio of buoyancy-to-viscous forces), the velocity profile deviates noticeably from parabolic at the front of the susceptor, with an increased buoyancy-driven flow near the susceptor, a decreased flow rate at the centerline, and maximum velocity at a location between the centerline and the susceptor. At the trailing edge of the susceptor, buoyancy-driven recirculating flow occurs. Growth rate uniformity decreases as compared to growth at 0.1 atm pressure. For downward gas flow at atmospheric pressure and moderate Gr/Re, recirculating flow occurs over the leading edge of the susceptor and decreased flow at the centerline occurs over the trailing edge. At high Gr/Re, asymmetric flow or eddying can occur for both upward and downward gas flow.