cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast Cooling and Exhumation of the Valhalla Metamorphic Core Complex, Southeastern British Columbia

High-grade, migmatitic paragneisses (820°C, 8 kbar peak conditions) of the Valhalla metamorphic core complex experienced the retrograde net transfer reaction (ReNTR): garnet + melt + K-feldspar = sillimanite + biotite + plagioclase during cooling and crystallization of the melt, resulting in an increase in the Fe/(Fe + Mg) of both garnet and biotite at their margins. Diffusion profiles generated by this increase in Fe/(Fe + Mg) have been modeled numerically. Optimal fits were obtained with an initial, short period of rapid cooling (> 200°C/m.y. for < 0.5 m.y.) followed by slower (but still rapid) cooling at 20–30°C/m.y. for 10–20 m.y. Four generations of monazite have been observed. Monazite inclusions within garnet contain only generations 1 and 2, and generations 3–4 are found only in matrix monazites. Generations 1–2 record ages of 75–85 Ma, which is believed to be represent the prograde metamorphism of the complex. A single age of ~105 Ma may represent an early contact metamorphic episode. Third-generation monazite is 60 ±2 Ma, and reflects near-peak conditions. Generation 4 monazite, which occurs only on the outer rims of monazite, has not been dated, but is believed to represent monazite produced during melt crystallization. A hornblende K-Ar age of 58±2 Ma suggests a cooling rate of several tens to several hundreds of degrees/Ma immediately following the metamorphic peak. The extremely rapid cooling (hundreds of degrees/m.y.) at ~60 Ma must have been tectonically induced and it is suggested that transport of the hot Valhalla complex onto cooler basement up a thrust ramp along the underlying Gwillim Creek shear zone was the cause. Two-dimensional thermal modeling indicates that thrust transport of several centimeters/year up a 20° ramp will produce the observed cooling rates. The subsequent slower cooling rate (tens of degrees/m.y.) is believed to have been the result of extensional unroofing by low-angle normal faulting along the Slocan Lake fault.
Imagen y repercusión de Federico García Lorca en el campo intelectual argentino tras su muerte y durante 1936

In this article I study Federico Garcia Lorca’s image created by texts written by Argentine intellectuals in the press of 1936. I pay attention to texts in prose and in verse written by them fundamentally for Buenos Aires’ newspapers. I focus on those intellectuals who met Garcia Lorca in person. The goal is to show the impact of Garcia Lorca´s death in the intellectual life of Buenos Aires.
Treatment of recurrent sinonasal polyposis with steroid-infused carboxymethylcellulose foam.

BACKGROUND Recurrence of sinonasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery can be difficult to manage. Topical steroid sprays and irrigations may not provide adequate treatment and systemic steroid therapy is limited by side effects. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid-infused carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) foam as a treatment for recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed enrolling patients with recurrent sinonasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. All patients had development of symptomatic polyp disease despite aggressive postoperative topical steroid treatment. The study treatment entailed endoscopic placement of 4 mL of CMC foam hydrated with triamcinolone, 40 mg/mL (Kenalog 40; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY), into the ethmoid cavities bilaterally. Patients were evaluated using videoendoscopy and the Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test 20 (SNOT-20) at three time points: immediately before treatment, 7-14 days after treatment, and 28-35 days after treatment. The videoendoscopies were randomized and scored in a blinded fashion using a modification of the perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scoring system. RESULTS Ten treatments were performed in eight patients; two patients underwent two treatments each. Mean SNOT-20 score improved at both 1 week and 1 month after treatment (2.44 versus 1.65, p < 0.05, and 2.44 versus 1.36, p < 0.01, respectively). Videoendoscopy also revealed improvement when evaluated with the modified POSE score at 1 week (11.8 versus 8.2, p < 0.001), and 1 month (11.8 versus 7.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Endoscopic placement of steroid-infused CMC foam improves symptoms and endoscopic findings in patients with recurrent sinonasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Electrically Heated Catalysts for Hybrid Applications: Mathematical Modeling and Analysis

In view of the significant cold-start hydrocarbon emission reduction potential of the electrically heated converter (EHC) technology for conventional stoichiometric gasoline engines, there is considerable interest in better understanding of the thermal and emission performance characteristics and optimizing the design/operating aspects of an EHC system as applied to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs). The application of the EHC technology to these hybrid vehicles is unique in that catalyst cooling to below reaction temperatures can occur during extended periods of electric vehicle driving (with engine off) or during intermittent engine stops/starts, and the EHC can be heated prior to engine start (preheating) for enhanced emission reduction. In this study, the design aspects and heating strategies of an EHC system have been analyzed using a transient monolith converter model which accounts for the resistive heating of an inert metal−substrate monolith pla...
The Ivory Lighthouse: communicating climate change more effectively An editorial review essay

—seek to tackle just this question.Given the intensity of the media tempest that has surrounded climate change inthe public discourse, both authors’ timing could not have been better. Both booksare deeply engaging and paint a fuller picture of the widespread disagreementaround climate change and what to do about it. But ultimately, grand questions likethis do not have essay-length or even book-length answers. The authors illuminateanecdotes that are only just scratching the surface, a few notable waves on a vastand turbulent ocean. Both authors make preliminary but unsatisfying gestures aboutwhere to go from here. Put simply, they provide little guidance about the criticalfollow-up question—what do we do about this disagreement?Hoggan and Hulme wrestle with this cumbersome and multifaceted issue inentirely different ways and to different degrees of success. In this review essay, I firstsynthesize the main points of
Reflections on the Ebola crisis: Health worker perspectives

Health workers have been on the frontline of the Ebola crisis. Can you talk to us about the communication training that is provided to health workers? The type of communication training that is provided to health workers is highly variable, and depends on the school, the country, and the cadre. Some workers get excellent communication training, while others get hardly any at all, so it is hard to generalize. Most of the global education organizations, such as the World Federation for Medical Education, the International Council of Nurses, the International Consortium of Midwives, and the International Pharmaceutical Federation, support communication training for their health workers. However, a lot of the schools in the affected area, West Africa, are often unfunded, and tend to sometimes focus too much on theory, and not enough on competencies, which include communication. Also, in health professional education, there tends to be an overreliance on test scores for admission to professional schools, which often do not train for communication skills. An additional challenge is that many people who get into health professional schools come from the major metropolitan areas, and may speak different languages, and may belong to different tribes, ethnicities, and religions than the people in rural areas or those in underserved communities. This results in communication barriers because different groups may have different understandings of health and illness, and in turn, this may affect how people understand Ebola and communicate about it. For example, in Francophone West Africa, most of the health workers are trained in French, but quite often, people in those communities speak indigenous African languages.
SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTESTINAL HEMANGIOMAS.

The possibility of intestinal hemangiomas should be considered in every case of occult gastrointestinal bleeding.Intestinal hemangiomas are not always observed in association with hemangiomas of the skin. In addition to hemorrhage and the occasional mechanical obstruction, various gastrointestinal symptoms may occur. X-ray demonstration of phleboliths, constrictions or indentations in the bowel wall of a hemorrhaging patient is valuable in diagnosis. Use of transmitted light is helpful in locating smaller lesions.Operation is indicated in the presence of severe hemorrhage or obstruction. Otherwise, treatment should be individualized.
Alterations in glycosaminoglycan metabolism in β-aminopropionitrile-treated chick embryos

1. Na235SO4, [1-14C]glucosamine and [1-14C]acetate were used as precursors of the sulphated glycosaminoglycans to study the biochemical effect of β-aminopropionitrile in chick embryos. The incorporation of all three precursors was decreased in the treated embryos between days 7 and 10 of embryonic development. No inhibition of incorporation of these precursors occurred between days 16 and 20 of embryonic development at the dosages of β-aminopropionitrile used. 2. β-Aminopropionitrile treatment also decreased the amount of N-acetylhexosamines in the chick embryo and decreased the percentage of the hexosamine esterified by nucleotides. Respiration was decreased by homogenates prepared from treated embryos. Likewise, UDP-xylosyl- and UDP-galactosyl-transferase activities were decreased in treated embryos and cartilage from embryos and growing chicks. 3. The data suggest that β-aminopropionitrile, in addition to the known lathyrogenic activity, either is or gives rise to a potent metabolic poison that interferes with basic cellular metabolism. The results are consistent with a decreased rate of ATP generation as an explanation for the decrease in glycosaminoglycan synthesis.
Consumer Attitudes and Intentions Regarding Environmental Behaviors: Effects of Firm-Stated Motives

As many as 90% of Fortune 500 companies have integrated explicit corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives into their marketing actions, taking visible steps to communicate their socially responsible actions to consumers (Lichtenstein, Drumwright, and Braig 2004*). One of the most dominant recent CSR platforms is adopting environmentally friendly practices. This increasingly popular CSR initiative of “going green” has been adopted as a marketing platform by major companies such as Honda, Toyota, GE, Bank of America, Starbucks, REI, Whole Foods, and Home Depot (Frazier 2007; Makower 2008), with the obvious hope of increased patronage of consumer segments in appreciation of such behaviors.
Physically-based strength model of tantalum incorporating effects of temperature, strain rate and pressure

In this work, we develop a tantalum strength model that incorporates e ects of temperature, strain rate and pressure. Dislocation kink-pair theory is used to incorporate temperature and strain rate e ects while the pressure dependent yield is obtained through the pressure dependent shear modulus. Material constants used in the model are parameterized from tantalum single crystal tests and polycrystalline ramp compression experiments. It is shown that the proposed strength model agrees well with the temperature and strain rate dependent yield obtained from polycrystalline tantalum experiments. Furthermore, the model accurately reproduces the pressure dependent yield stresses up to 250 GPa. The proposed strength model is then used to conduct simulations of a Taylor cylinder impact test and validated with experiments. This approach provides a physically-based multi-scale strength model that is able to predict the plastic deformation of polycrystalline tantalum through a wide range of temperature, strain and pressure regimes.
Social and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Levels in Latina Adolescents

Objective To examine social and environmental factors that affect moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mid-adolescent Hispanic females. Design and Sample Secondary data analysis to examine social and environmental level factors related to MVPA levels in (n = 897) mid-adolescent Hispanic females. Measures Data were retrieved from the National Survey of Children's Health (2011/12). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations for factors with MVPA. Results Significant mid-adolescent predictors were English speaking, OR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.03–2.61); parental attendance of activities, OR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.81); peer support, OR 2.74 (95% CI, 1.75–4.29); supportive neighborhood, OR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.03–2.32); and safe school environment, OR 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01–2.74). Conclusion Findings highlight the need for the development of age and culturally appropriate interventions to aid the improvement of participation levels in MVPA among the Latina adolescent population. Additionally, findings suggest recommendations for policy and future research.
Constitutive expression of platelet glycoproteins by the human leukemia cell line K562

The human leukemia cell line K562 was derived from a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia. This cell line has subsequently been shown to possess phenotypic markers typical of erythroid and myeloid cells. Using a rabbit antiserum directed against purified platelet glycoproteins (PGPs), we have obtained evidence for the constitutive expression of PGPs on the surface of K562 cells. PGPs expressed have been tentatively identified as IIa and III based on their apparent migration in a 7% sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel. K562 may become an important tool for the study of early events involved in megakaryocytic differentiation.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY WITH DIRECT ANTERIOR APPROACH BY USING SHORT-STEM IMPLANTS: AN ONGOING STUDY

Introduction Cementless stems have been used in treatment of patients with osteoarthritis however, the new design concept of neck preserving stems also known as short femoral stems have been utilized to decrease the potentially adverse symptoms of the standard stems such as stress shielding and thigh pain. In this ongoing study we aim to demonstrate the clinical and radiographic outcome of direct anterior approach of total hip arthroplasty (THA) by using short stem prosthesis. Methods In this study, 390 total cases of THA in 345 patients who underwent an anterior approach of THA by using a short-stem prosthesis (Minihip, Corin) between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. This group included 282 male and 62 female patients. Table 1 summarizes the demographic information of the patients. In 48 cases avascular necrosis (AVN) was the diagnosis and 339 cases was reported to be due to osteoarthritis. Twenty eight patients were assessed to have American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical functional score of class I, 258 patients had class II, 103 had class III, and 1 had class IV. Table 2 shows the Charnley classification of the patients. In the current study we evaluated the outcomes of the surgery by utilizing Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) subscales (Pain, Symptoms, Function in daily living (ADL), Function in sport and recreation (Sport/Rec) and Quality of life (QOL)). Results All HOOS subscores were significantly increased postoperatively (F (5,97) = 1679, p Table 4 and Figure 1. No failure of the implant has yet been reported however in 9 cases (2%) calcar fracture occurred during the surgery that was successfully treated with cerclage wires. Conclusion and Discussion This study continues to support the excellent clinical outcomes of this short-stem prosthesis when is used for primary total hip arthroplasty. This short stem implant is an excellent choice particularly for younger individuals by preserving femoral neck bone that may provide easier revision procedures in the future.
High endothelial venule reporter mice to probe regulation of lymph node vasculature.

Lymphotoxin (LT) is crucial for the regulation of HEV adhesion molecules MAdCAM-1 and PNAd and a sulfotransferase, GlcNAc6ST-2 (gene symbol Chst4); here called HEC-6ST. Following immunization, some HEVs express markers of both HEVs (PNAd) and LVs (LYVE-1). In order to evaluate this process in real time, we have developed mice transgenic for a construct that consists of an HEV specific gene driving a green fluorescent reporter gene (eGFP). These mice express the reporter gene in HEVs in concurrence with the endogenous gene and PNAd. Additional mice transgenic for lymphatic vessel reporter constructs are in development. These will provide material for in vivo imaging and allow us to evaluate the regulation and interaction of HEVs and LVs.
Between Ideology and Realpolitik: Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution, 1917-1921

Introduction War and Revolution "Without Annexations and Contributions": Wilson, Lenin, and the War-Aims Question The Decision to Intervene Intervention and the Paris Peace Conference: Wilson's Soviet Policy in 1919 National Self-Determination vs. "Russia One and Indivisible" Conclusions Bibliography Index
PO-503 The cohesin stromal antigen 1 (SA-1) modulates colonic and colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells: mechanism for racial disparities

Introduction CRC disproportionately impacts African-Americans (incidence and mortality increased by ~25% and~50%, respectively). While mechanisms remain unclear, Vogelstein posited that the number of stem cell divisions determine CRC risk Science 2015. CRC stem cells may impact mortality via chemoresistance. LGR5, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1a3) and DCAMKL1 are markers of both intestinal and CRC stem cells. We have noted loss of SA-1 (a chromatin remodeler) occurred during colonic field carcinogenesis was markedly accentuated in Blacks (Cancer Prev Res 2016) via specific SNPs (Neoplasia 2018). SA-1 loss was also associated with poorer CRC prognosis. We hypothesised that SA-1 loss leads to stem cell induction and hence CRC disparities. Material and methods Rectal biopsies were obtained from endoscopically normal mucosa from ~200 patients undergoing screening colonoscopy with an IRB approved protocol. SA-1 was assessed by RT-PCR normalised to β-actin. We modulated SA-1 in human CRC cell line HT29 and tested efficacy of chemotherapy 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin via annexin V apoptosis assay. Results and discussions Adenoma-harbouring subjects had ~50% increase in LGR5, ALD1a3 and DCAMKL1 (p Conclusion This novel finding that the proneoplastic effects of SA-1 loss may be transduced through intestinal/colonic stem cell (CRC incidence) and also augmenting CRC stem cells resulting in chemotherapy resistance (CRC mortality). Future studies may mitigate CRC disparities in Blacks through development of effective biomarkers and therapeutic.
A Model of Serial Argument in Interpersonal Relationships.

While most scholars view interactional argument as a single conversational event, the phenomenon can also be seen as a serial episode that occurs and recurs in everyday life. This essay presents a ...
The antiviral activity of RNA-dye combinations.

The primary challenge of viral chemotherapy is the development of drugs with good pharmacokinetic profiles which are nontoxic, nonmutagenic, noncarcinogenic, and specific for viral functions. Effective viral chemotherapy has been hindered because viruses employ host cell systems to replicate. Recent advances in molecular virology provide a rational basis for the development of antiviral compounds that will interfere with biochemically defined, virus-specific functions, such as the herpes virus-coded thymidine kinase (Elion 1984). One strategy is to inhibit key activities in the target cell which are also required for viral replication, such as the inhibition of cellular protein kinases by tricyc-lodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) (Warlo and Rosenthal 1988) and the inhibition of glycosylation by prostaglandin A (Santoro et al. 1989) or 2-deoxyglucose (Blough and Ray 1980). However, if the virus is not killed, such a strategy can lead to the development of a drug-resistant virus (Field and Goldthorpe 1989).
The Impact of an Acute Care Surgery Model on General Surgery Service Productivity

Abstract Background The Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model has been widely adopted by hospitals across the United States, with ACS services managing emergency general surgery (EGS) patients previously treated by general surgery (GS) services. We evaluated the operational and financial impact of an ACS service model on general surgeons at an academic medical center. Methods Using WiseOR® (Palo Alto, CA), we compared surgical case volumes for the GS service two years before (October, 2013–September, 2015) and two years after (October, 2015–September, 2017) implementation of an ACS service at the University of Vermont Medical Center. From financial reports, we obtained monthly wRVUs, clinical FTEs, net patient revenue, and payer mix for the GS service and compared the two years before and after ACS model implementation. Results There was a significant reduction in the average number of cases performed by the GS service following ACS service implementation (monthly mean ± SD, 139.1 ± 16.0 vs. 116.7 ± 14.0, p Conclusions Shifting EGS patient management from the GS to ACS service did not negatively impact the productivity of the GS service.
The association between problematic alcohol use, risk perceptions, and e-cigarette use.

Background: Use of e-cigarettes among college students has escalated, in part due to the perception that they are less harmful than traditional cigarettes and have other benefits such as circumventing smoking bans. College students also drink more heavily than other age groups, and e-cigarettes are associated with alcohol, especially among students who engage in problematic drinking.Objective: The present study sought to determine if an interaction between problematic alcohol use and increased perceptions of benefits and decreased perceptions of risks of e-cigarettes would predict whether participants had ever used an e-cigarette.Method: The present study included 1,133 undergraduate college students surveyed between November 2014 - November 2016. Participants were primarily Caucasian (82.3%) and female (78.1%). Participants completed questionnaires regarding demographics, smoking status/history, and expectancies.Results: Higher levels of problematic drinking and higher perceived benefits of e-cigarette use were both associated with having tried e-cigarettes. This relationship was significant even when controlling for several covariates such as cigarettes smoking status. However, there was not a significant interaction between problematic alcohol use and perceived benefits or risks of e-cigarettes. There was also no relationship between risk perceptions of e-cigarettes and e-cigarettes use.Conclusions: Both problematic alcohol use and perception of benefits of e-cigarettes were associated with having tried an e-cigarette. This finding is problematic as the use of e-cigarettes may influence further engagement in risky behaviors including problematic drinking or transitioning to regular cigarette use. Thus, it is important to develop interventions to help college students develop more accurate risk perceptions about e-cigarettes.
Ward-like Operator in the comma theory

The construction of the Ward-like operator of the interacting string field theory presented by Witten, in terms of the half-string (comma) oscillator modes, is completed.
Emulsifier Applications in Meat Products

Emulsified meat products include frankfurters, bologna, chicken nuggets, spreadable sausage, surimi, and other products in which salt-soluble, amphiphilic proteins, emulsify the lipid. Myosin and actomyosin are the predominant emulsifiers, largely due to their high concentration and amphiphilic nature. Myosin is present in pre-rigor meat and has greater emulsifying capacity than actomyosin. Salt, most often NaCl, solubilizes these meat proteins by increasing electrostatic repulsion, which allows the proteins to unfold and orient themselves to the lipid, non-polar phase and the aqueous liquid phase. Once lean meat tissue is chopped with salt and water, ground fat can be mixed with the lean meat, and the hydrophobic portions of the proteins orient themselves such that they form a protein film around the fat, which makes an oil in water emulsion. Most emulsions are heated in a smokehouse or other thermal process which stabilizes the emulsion through protein coagulation. Salt, phosphates, nitrite, dextrose, and binders are commonly used in emulsion products. Soy proteins have a similar structure to myofibrillar proteins in the meat and can therefore be used to make imitation meat emulsions. Soy protein, modified food starch, carrageenan, sodium caseinate, whey protein, and fiber can all be used to bind water and in some cases bind fat, which enhances emulsion stability. Though the science behind meat emulsions is well established, ingredient technology and product development continue to occur in order to produce clean label, reduced fat, and reduced sodium meat emulsion products.
Comparison of computed tomography venography and intravascular ultrasound in screening and classification of iliac vein obstruction in patients with chronic venous disease

Abstract Objective To investigate power of computed tomography venography (CTV) to identify and characterize iliac vein obstruction (IVO) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination in highly symptomatic patients with chronic venous disease (CVD). Methods CVD CEAP C3-6 limbs with visual analog scale for pain score of greater than 3 and/or Venous Clinical Severity Scale of greater than 8 were prospectively investigated with CTV and IVUS examination. The segment of maximum IVO was verified and categorically classified: group I, 0% to 49%; group II, 50% to 79%; and group III, 80% or greater. The CTV's screening power to detect the point and degree of maximum IVO was compared with IVUS. Results The CTV point of maximum IVO was 80% in the left limb, 10% in the right limb, 10% bilaterally; 2% in the inferior vena cava; 91% in the common iliac vein (CIV) confluence (41.6% below the CIV confluence, 34.5 at the CIV confluence, and 23.9% above the CIV confluence); 7% at the external iliac vein (kappa index 0.841; P Conclusions CTV is a powerful screening method in determining the precise point of compression and classifying IVO in limbs with symptomatic CVD when compared with IVUS. The prevalence of an obstruction above the iliac vein confluence is significant and should be considered in iliac vein stenting treatment strategy. The tomographic classification system proposed here may help to define the optimum technique of treatment, prognosis, and comparison of outcome results.
Maternal Reminiscing Is Associated With Preschoolers’ Reports of Maltreatment During Forensic Interviews:

Children's reports during forensic interviews regarding maltreatment allegations are often critical for legal processes and for guiding decisions regarding services for children and their families. Field research examining forensic interviews with children has identified a wide range in the amount of information children report to interviewers. Research examining associations between children's forensic reports and their broader ecological and developmental contexts related to autobiographical memory would critically contribute to our understanding of children's reports of trauma during forensic investigations. Guided by the sociocultural theory of autobiographical memory development and a self-determination perspective of interviewing child witnesses, associations between the number of allegation-relevant details reported by 52 preschoolers (M = 4.59 years old, SD = 1.06) during forensic interviews concerning substantiated maltreatment allegations and later maternal elaborative and autonomy supportive reminiscing from observations of mother-child interactions during a laboratory assessment were examined. Consistent with previous research regarding children's autobiographical memory, a positive association between maternal elaborative reminiscing about everyday experiences with their children and the number of unique allegation-relevant details children reported during forensic interviews was observed, but only when mothers reminisced with their children in an autonomy supportive manner. Theoretical and practical implications for interviewing child witnesses are discussed.
Atomic Scale Analysis of a YSZ Bicrystal Grain Boundary

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies, due to the commercial applications of zirconia-based ceramics in solid state oxide fuel cells. Since the grain boundaries usually dominate the overall macroscopic performance of the bulk material, it is essential to develop a fundamental understanding of their structure-property relationships. Previous research has been performed on the atomic structure of grain boundaries in YSZ, but no precise atomic scale compositional and chemistry characterization has been carried out. Here we report a detailed analytical study of an [001] symmetric 24° bicrystal tilt grain boundary in YSZ prepared with ∼10 mol % Y2O3 by Shinkosha Co., Ltd by the combination of Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).The experimental analysis of the YSZ sample was carried out on a 200kV Schottky field emission JEOL 201 OF STEM/TEM4.
Using plug-flow column reactor data to constrain calcic mineral weathering rates from watershed mass-balance methods: Lithogenic apatite dissolution and phosphorus fluxes into the Loch Vale Watershed ecosystem, Colorado, USA

Abstract Sources of phosphorus (P5+) to ecosystems can be very difficult to identify and quantify due to P5+ being monoisotopic. Previous field-based, watershed mass-balance calculations of the lithogenic P5+ flux in the alpine/subalpine Loch Vale watershed (LVW) of Colorado, USA suggested that weathering was controlled by one of three acid-weathering scenarios: (1) All minerals experience only carbonic acid weathering; (2) all minerals experience both carbonic acid and sulfuric acid weathering; and (3) only silicate minerals experience sulfuric acid weathering. We used a plug-flow column reactor to provide additional constraints that strongly indicate scenario (1) (carbonic acid-only weathering) explains the stream chemistry at the LVW outlet (1984–2008 period of sampling). Therefore, sulfuric acid generated by pyrite oxidation in the LVW is not significantly involved in chemical weathering reactions. In the column reactor, calcite dissolution by carbonic acid seemed to suppress apatite dissolution with the likelihood of this suppression confirmed by thermodynamic modeling and comparison to kinetic data. The comparability between column reactor and watershed-scale data likely reflects the LVW landscape being dominated by relatively high rates of mechanical weathering. The lithogenic P5+ flux from the LVW is solely attributable to apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)) dissolution and is ∼47 mol ha−1 yr−1, ∼18 times greater than the modelled global average. The relatively high solubility of apatite in the Loch Vale watershed likely results from substantial quantities of radionuclides hosted as substituted elements in the crystal lattice, which may cause loss of crystallinity due to self-irradiation. Aeolian inputs to landscapes may supplement any P5+ from primary phosphate mineral dissolution. These natural sources of P5+ are likely contributing to the increases in algal biomass observed today.
Risk factor control across the spectrum of cardiovascular risk: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Abstract Background Presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs) should prompt patients and their providers to work aggressively towards controlling those that are modifiable. The extent to which a greater CVD RF burden is related to CVD RF control in a contemporary and diverse Hispanic/Latino population is not well-understood. Methods Using multicenter community-based data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we assessed the self-reported prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and prevalent CVD (ischemic heart disease or stroke). We used contemporaneous guidelines to define RF control. Multivariable logistic regression for complex survey sampling was used to examine whether having more CVD RFs was associated with CVD RF control (adjusting for age, sex, Hispanic background group, education, and health insurance). Results Our sample included 8521 participants with at least one CVD RF or prevalent CVD. The mean age in HCHS/SOL target population was 49 (SE 0.3) years and 56% were women. Frequency of one, two, or three self-reported CVD RFs was 57%, 26%, 8%, respectively, and overall 9% of participants had prevalent CVD. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, compared to those reporting one CVD RF, individuals with three CVD RFs were the least likely to have blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose optimally controlled (odds ratio [OR]: 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.80). However, those with prevalent CVD were more likely to have all three risk factors controlled, (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.01–2.01). Conclusion Hispanic/Latino adults with three major CVD RFs represent a group with poor overall CVD RF control. Secondary CVD prevention fares better. The potential contributors to inadequate CVD RF control in this highly vulnerable group warrants further investigation.
Customizing the leaf tissue nutrient ranges for blue and pink hydrangeas

Pink, blue, and red hydrangea [(Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. Macrophylla var. macrophylla (Thunb.)] cultivars contain the anthocyanin pigment delphinidin-3-glucoside that color the sepal. Without a...
Invitational Rhetoric in Epistemic Practice: Invitational Knowledge in Infertility Support Groups

Over the last several decades there have been rapid advancements in treatment options available for infertility. Consequently, infertility has become a medicalized disease, which privileges a masculine epistemology. Problematically, this masculinist perception of infertility diminishes concern for the lived experiences of women living with infertility and ignores the many ways in which infertility manifests as a social condition. This study examines narratives of women diagnosed with infertility, gathered from online support groups. Through these narratives I introduces the concept of “invitational knowledge” as a means to understand how knowledge functions rhetorically to create space for discourses that deviate from the medicalized assumptions of infertility. Invitational knowledge highlights the epistemological roots of invitational rhetoric through adoption of a postmodern feminist epistemology and is characterized by five features: 1) rhetor agency; 2) emotional knowledge; 3) transformative discourse; 4) shared knowledge; and 5) asking questions rather than making judgments.
Leadership and Moral Imagination: Beyond the Decision-making Context

Abstract: Moral imagination is often viewed as a necessary condition for ethical leadership on account of its role in managerial decision-making and organizational management. This article argues that an extension of the notion beyond this limited context sheds light on recent reconceptualizations of the nature of business and the relation of business and society proffered by several well-known business leaders. It is suggested that an account of moral imagination which takes into consideration its contribution to the development of a morally deeper and broader perspective and its bearing on character is of particular value for business leaders. Keywords: Leadership; Moral Imagination; Mental Models; Moral Self-cultivation; Character; Ray Anderson. Leadership e immaginazione morale: oltre i contesti decisionali Riassunto: L’immaginazione morale e spesso considerata una condizione necessaria per una leadership etica in virtu del suo ruolo nei processi decisionali a livello manageriale e nella gestione organizzativa. In questo articolo si sostiene che un’estensione di questa nozione al di la dei limiti di questo contesto sia utile a comprendere alcune recenti riconcettualizzazioni della natura del business e il rapporto tra business e societa avanzate proposte da diversi leader d’azienda molto affermati. Si suggerisce che una considerazione dell’immaginazione morale che tenga conto del suo contributo allo sviluppo di una prospettiva morale piu profonda e ampia e del suo peso rispetto al carattere possa avere grande importanza per i leader d’azienda. Parole chiave: Leadership; Immaginazione morale; Modelli mentali; Educazione del se morale; Carattere; Ray Anderson.
Optically Active Absorption Bands of Hemoglobin and Its Subunits

Studies of the circular dichroism of the α and β subunits of hemoglobin have shown that while their helix contents are the same as that of hemoglobin A, the intensities of the heme bands at 260 and 410 mµ are much greater for the α than for the β chains. In both spectral regions, the molar intensity for hemoglobin A is simply the sum of the intensities of the isolated chains. The ellipticities associated with the 260 mµ band are strongly influenced by the attached ligand. A smaller band of opposite sign is observed at 285 mµ in deoxyhemoglobin A but is absent in both deoxygenated subunits.
The Allegory of the Cage: Foucault, Agamben, and the Enlightenment

This article reconsiders the relations between Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault’s essays on the Enlightenment and adds Giorgio Agamben’s essay “What is an Apparatus?” to this constellation. It explores, specifically, the relations between Foucault’s definition of enlightenment and the central notion of Agamben’s philosophy: potentiality. The relation between potentiality and enlightenment is then mobilized in the article in the context of a discussion of technology in Kant, Foucault, and Agamben. What might be the relevance of the relation between Foucault’s enlightenment and Agamben’s potentiality for our understanding of technological developments today? The article engages with this question through a discussion of Foucault’s writings on the care of the self, Agamben’s theory of art, and Bernard Stiegler’s work on technology. It closes with a discussion of an artwork that stages the dramatic relation between all of these texts.
Global Star Formation from z=5e-8 to z=20

Starting with the assertion that the problem of isolated, single star formation is essentially solved, this paper examines some of the missing steps needed to go from there to understanding the star formation history of the Universe. Along the way, some results on the formation of star clusters in the Milky Way and the properties of GMCs in nearby galaxies are briefly examined.
Mobile and multicast IP services in PACS: system architecture, prototype, and performance

Traditionally, wireless cellular communication systems have been engineered for voice. With the explosive growth of Internet applications and users, there is an increasing demand on providing Internet services to mobile users based on the voice-oriented cellular networks. However, Internet services add a set of radically different requirements on to the cellular wireless networks, because the nature of communication is very different from voice. It is a challenge to develop an adequate network architecture and necessary systems components to meet those requirements. This paper describes our experience on developing Internet services, in particular, mobile and multicast IP services, in PACS (Personal Access Communication Systems). Our major contributions are five-fold: (i) PACS system architecture that provides wireless Internet and Intranet access by augmenting the voice network with IP routers and backbone links to connect to the Internet; (ii) simplified design of RPCU (Radio Port Controller Unit) for easy service maintenance and migration to future IP standards such as IPv6; (iii) native PACS multicast to efficiently support dynamic IP multicast and MBone connectivity; (iv) optimization and incorporation of Mobile IP into PACS handoff mechanism to efficiently support roaming within a PACS network as well as global mobility between PACS networks and the Internet; (v) successful prototype design of the new architecture and services verified by extensive performance measurements of IP applications. Our design experience and measurement results demonstrate that it is highly feasible to seamlessly integrate the PACS networks into the Internet with global IP mobility and IP multicast services.
Galectin-3 Induces Death of Candida Species Expressing Specific β-1,2-Linked Mannans

Lectins play a critical role in host protection against infection. The galectin family of lectins recognizes saccharide ligands on a variety of microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Galectin-3, a galectin expressed by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, binds bacterial and parasitic pathogens including Leishmania major, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, there have been no reports of galectins having direct effects on microbial viability. We found that galectin-3 bound only to Candida albicans species that bear β-1,2-linked oligomannans on the cell surface, but did not bind Saccharomyces cerevisiae that lacks β-1,2-linked oligomannans. Surprisingly, binding directly induced death of Candida species containing specific β-1,2-linked oligomannosides. Thus, galectin-3 can act as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes a unique pathogen-specific oligosaccharide sequence. This is the first description of antimicrobial activity for a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins; unlike other lectins of the innate immune system that promote opsonization and phagocytosis, galectin-3 has direct fungicidal activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens.
The Bacillus subtilis spo0B stage 0 sporulation operon encodes an essential GTP-binding protein.

Abstract Transcription of the spo0B gene and genes downstream of it was investigated by S1 nuclease protection experiments. The spo0B gene was transcribed from a single promoter, and this transcript extended through a gene, obg, coding for a 47,668 Mr protein. Transcription of this operon ended in a stem-loop structure. The sequence of the deduced obg protein contained a region with homology to known GTP-binding proteins in the nucleotide-binding regions. The amino-terminal portion of this protein showed homology to mammalian collagen, suggesting a structural role. The purified obg protein was shown to bind [alpha-32P]GTP in vitro. Several attempts to inactivate the obg gene were unsuccessful, indicating that the obg gene product was essential for growth. The possible function of this protein and its relationship to RAS-like proteins and sporulation was discussed. Immediately downstream of the obg gene were two genes involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis, pheB and pheA. The pheA gene coded for monofunctional prephenate dehydratase, on the basis of the high homology of the deduced amino acid sequence to prephenate dehydratases of bacterial origin. The sequence of the pheB gene product was not homologous to chorismate mutase, and its function remains unknown. Transcription of the phe genes was shown to begin at the stem-loop structure between obg and pheB. The possibility was entertained that phe gene transcription arises from processing or antitermination of the spo0B transcript.
Comparison of acute‐ and delayed‐onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia

Head, neck, or shoulder trauma is an occasional antecedent event before the appearance of cervical dystonia. A clinically distinctive syndrome of acute-onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia characterized by markedly restricted range of neck motion, absence of phasic involuntary movements, and poor response to treatment has previously been described. Patients with cervical dystonia attending a movement disorder clinic were reviewed for history of trauma before onset of symptoms. Patients with symptom onset within 4 weeks of trauma were compared with patients who developed symptoms between 3 months and 1 year after trauma. Acute-onset cervical dystonia was characterized by markedly reduced cervical mobility; prominent shoulder elevation with trapezius hypertrophy in most patients, absence of involuntary movements, sensory tricks, or activation maneuvers; and poor response to botulinum toxin injection. By contrast, delayed-onset cervical dystonia was clinically indistinguishable from nontraumatic idiopathic cervical dystonia. Acute-onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia is similar to limb dystonia after peripheral trauma and may represent a form of nondystonic muscle spasm similar to torticollis associated with musculoskeletal injuries of the cervical spine and craniocervical junction.
Novel role of phospholipase C-δ1: regulation of liver mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake

Mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) handling is an important regulator of liver cell function that controls events ranging from cellular respiration and signal transduction to apoptosis. Cytosolic Ca2+ ente...
New challenges for electronic health records: confidentiality and access to sensitive health information about parents and adolescents.

Electronic health records (EHRs) have been promoted as providing an opportunity to rationalize health care services and overcome the problems associated with a fragmented care system—yet EHRs also pose several critical, evolving challenges that remain to be addressed. Given that patients frequently change clinicians and see a variety of primary care clinicians and specialists, EHRs have the potential for improving the quality of health care, permitting more effective coordination of multiple clinicians, improving the safety of medications, and allowing more rapid evaluation of care.1,2 Given this potential, the federal government has made significant investments in the development of EHRs.2 Although much attention has been given to the benefits of EHRs, there has been less discussion of the serious challenges regarding privacy for minor adolescents and parents. In this Viewpoint we focus on 2 related threats to confidentiality created by EHRs: the possibility of disclosure to parents of health information that the adolescent may wish to keep private and disclosure to the adolescent of information that parents may wish to keep private.
MODIFIED IOWA FORMULA FOR VERTICAL DEFLECTION OF BURIED FLEXIBLE PIPE

In this paper, the classical work of Spangler is revisited to derive a modified Iowa formula for estimating vertical deflection of flexible pipe. During the derivation process, the approach suggested by Spangler is faithfully followed. No new assumptions or empirical elements are introduced beyond those originated by Spangler. Once the vertical deflection formula is established, its reliability is verified against field deflection measurement data supplied by Spangler. Then, a few parametric studies are conducted using the horizontal and vertical deflection modified Iowa formulas to gain further insights into the pipe-soil interaction problem as revealed by the work of Spangler. Finally, the paper concludes by offering a summary and then pointing out a few key issues that need to be remembered when applying the classical approach pioneered by Spangler.
On Richard Rorty's Culs‐de‐sac

Soulevant le probleme de l'interpretation de la position de Rorty face a l'abandon des arguments traditionnels de la philosophie, l'A. met en evidence l'incoherence interne des alternatives que propose Rorty contre Putnam. Examinant la revendication d'un mouvement de l'epistemologie et de la metaphysique vers la politique culturelle, l'A. montre que le projet nihiliste de Rorty, qui consiste a deguiser tous les concepts sociologiques, psychologiques, culturels, comportementaux et causaux en termes non-normatifs, apparait comme une menace pour le liberalisme democratique en general, et pour les notions epistemiques telles que l'assertibilite garantie, la rationalite et la verite, en particulier