cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal Evolution of Miarolitic Granitic Pegmatites at the Little Three Mine, Ramona, California, USA

Miarolitic granitic pegmatites at the Little Three mine property near Ramona, San Diego County, California, USA, possess a bulk composition that closely matches that of a hydrous peraluminous granitic liquid that is saturated with respect to tourmaline at a temperature of ∼450°C. As such, the pegmatites appear to represent the compositions of the silicate liquid from which they crystallized, which contained 2 O 3 and minor amounts of Li and F. They do not appear to have contained phenocrysts upon emplacement, and they are neither partially cumulate nor hydrothermal in nature. The Little Three pegmatites are, however, sharply zoned. Chemical zonation across one small dike matches the patterns expected from crystallization of undercooled granitic liquids, in which the far-field diffusion of alkalis and local constitutional zone refining of fluxing and incompatible elements contribute to the chemical and textural changes from the margins inward. Feldspar thermometry records nearly isothermal crystallization at ∼420°–430°C for dikes from 1 to 2.5 m in thickness. Temperatures recorded by feldspars fall toward the miarolitic center of the thicker (Main) dike, but increase to ∼500°C in the thinner (Swamp) dike. Fluid inclusions within quartz and topaz from miarolitic cavities of the Main dike contain cryolite, arsenides, arsenates, pollucite, and borates, including Cs borate, the latter of which indicates a higher degree of chemical fractionation than is present in the minerals that line the cavities. Extrapolation along isochores based on the homogenization (200°–225°C) of the low-salinity aqueous fluid (
Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of colon polyps.

Sixty-eight colonic polyps of various histologic types were studied using retrospective flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis to determine the prevalence of aneuploid cell populations and whether they were associated with any particular histologic features. Overall, 13 of 68 polyps (19%) contained DNA-aneuploid cells, including 3 of 9 villous and 4 of 10 villoglandular polyps with histologic features of carcinoma in situ (CIS), 4 of 11 villous and 1 of 18 villoglandular polyps without CIS, and 1 of 12 adenomatous polyps. Eight hyperplastic polyps were diploid. These results show (1) retrospective FCM analysis can detect DNA aneuploidy in polyps; (2) DNA aneuploidy may occur before histologic evidence of invasive carcinoma; and (3) this change is more frequent in types of polyps thought to have increased malignant potential (i.e., those with villous morphology and/or CIS).
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of ProEx C and GLUT1 in Melanocytic Lesions.

Background: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of two biomarkers, ProEx C and glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1), in the diagnosis and prognostication of melanoma. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 129 melanomas and 59 benign nevi in a tissue microarray using immunohistochemical method with antibodies to topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) using ProEx C and to GLUT1. Results: The average proliferative index by ProEx C immunostain was significantly higher in melanomas (37.5%) compared to benign nevi (1.9%) as was the expression of GLUT1 (p<0.0001 respectively). Dermal mitosis was found to correlate positively with both ProEx C and GLUT1 (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Ulceration and tumor thickness positively correlated with GLUT1 expression (p=0.013 and p=0.033, respectively), but not with ProEx C staining. There was a significant association between increasing ProEx C index and stronger expression of GLUT1 (p<0.001). Kaplan–Meier disease-specific survival analyses indicated that patients whose melanoma exhibited expression of GLUT1 had a significantly lower rate of disease-specific survival than patients whose melanoma did not (p=0.039). However, staining by ProEx C did not show a prognostic significance in disease-specific survival. Conclusion: ProEx C and GLUT1 are potentially useful markers in differentiation of melanoma from nevi. Absence of GLUT1 expression in patients with primary melanoma predicts better survival.
Cytochrome P450 and non-Cytochrome P450 Oxidative Metabolism: Contributions to the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Xenobiotics

The drug-metabolizing enzymes that contribute to the metabolism or bioactivation of a drug play a crucial role in defining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of that drug. Although the overall effect of the cytochrome P450 (P450) family of drug-metabolizing enzymes in this capacity cannot be understated, advancements in the field of non-P450-mediated metabolism have garnered increasing attention in recent years. This is perhaps a direct result of our ability to systematically avoid P450 liabilities by introducing chemical moieties that are not susceptible to P450 metabolism but, as a result, may introduce key pharmacophores for other drug-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, the effects of both P450 and non-P450 metabolism at a drug's site of therapeutic action have also been subject to increased scrutiny. To this end, this Special Section on Emerging Novel Enzyme Pathways in Drug Metabolism will highlight a number of advancements that have recently been reported. The included articles support the important role of non-P450 enzymes in the clearance pathways of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs over the past 10 years. Specific examples will detail recent reports of aldehyde oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase, and other non-P450 pathways that contribute to the metabolic, pharmacokinetic, or pharmacodynamic properties of xenobiotic compounds. Collectively, this series of articles provides additional support for the role of non-P450-mediated metabolic pathways that contribute to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of current xenobiotics.
Temporary vascular occlusion during cerebral aneurysm surgery

Temporary artery occlusion is an effective way to reduce the detrimental effects of intraoperative aneurysm rupture and to facilitate aneurysm dissection. The major risk incurred is of cerebral infarction. Dilemmas in the use of this technique include the amount of time that arterial flow may be interrupted safely and whether or not there is benefit to intermittent reperfusion. Protocol for the use of temporary occlusion is described.
Mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the esophagus

Four case reports of patients with tumors of the esophagus resembling those of salivary gland origin are presented with a review of the cases published to date. These tumors arise in the submucosal glands in the esophagus and are histologically similar to adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary glands. The mucoepidermoid variety occurs more frequently in men than in women, and the adenoid cystic carcinomas are equally distributed between the sexes. In most of the cases reported the tumors were resectable but the overall survival rate is poor and is similar to the rates found with the more frequent squamous cell cancer of the esophagus.
Role of the physician in bereavement.

The purpose of this article is to set forth a clear and concise guide for physicians to use in their treatment of the bereaved. The physician’s attitudes toward death and dying, as well as normal and abnormal grief reactions, are reviewed. The role of the physician prior to the time of death, at the time of death, and after the death are discussed. Models of hospital-based programs that can be of significant help to physicians in treating the bereaved are presented also.
Comparison of MERV 16 and HEPA filters for cab filtration of underground mining equipment

Significant strides have been made in optimizing the design of filtration and pressurization systems used on the enclosed cabs of mobile mining equipment to reduce respirable dust and provide the best air quality to the equipment operators. Considering all of the advances made in this area, one aspect that still needed to be evaluated was a comparison of the efficiencies of the different filters used in these systems. As high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters provide the highest filtering efficiency, the general assumption would be that they would also provide the greatest level of protection to workers. Researchers for the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) speculated, based upon a previous laboratory study, that filters with minimum efficiency reporting value, or MERV rating, of 16 may be a more appropriate choice than HEPA filters in most cases for the mining industry. A study was therefore performed comparing HEPA and MERV 16 filters on two kinds of underground limestone mining equipment, a roof bolter and a face drill, to evaluate this theory. Testing showed that, at the 95-percent confidence level, there was no statistical difference between the efficiencies of the two types of filters on the two kinds of mining equipment. As the MERV 16 filters were less restrictive, provided greater airflow and cab pressurization, cost less and required less-frequent replacement than the HEPA filters, the MERV 16 filters were concluded to be the optimal choice for both the roof bolter and the face drill in this comparative-analysis case study. Another key finding of this study is the substantial improvement in the effectiveness of filtration and pressurization systems when using a final filter design.
Flat Chains Modulo v , Varifolds, and (M, ε, δ)-Minimal Sets

A number of alternative spaces of surfaces have been developed in geometric measure theory as required for theory and applications. This chapter gives brief descriptions of flat chains modulo v , varifolds, and ( M , ɛ, δ)-minimal sets. One way to treat nonorientable surfaces and more general surfaces is to work modulo 2 or more generally modulo ν for any integer ν ≥ 2. Most of the concepts and theorems on rectifiable currents have analogs for rectifiable currents modulo v: mass, flat norm, the deformation theorem, the compactness theorem, existence theory, and the approximation theorem. Varifolds provide an alternative perspective to currents for working with rectifiable sets. Varifolds carry no orientation and, hence, there is no cancellation in the limit and no obvious definition of boundary. Perhaps the best model of soap films is provided by the ( M , ɛ, δ)-minimal sets of Almgren. Three basic properties of ( M , ɛ, δ)-minimal sets are rectifiability, monotonicity, and the existence of an ( M , ɛ, δ)-minimal tangent cone at every point.
Pickleball Transcends the Generations in Southwest Indiana: A University and Area Agency on Aging Partnership Changing the Face of Aging

ABSTRACTAn intergenerational pickleball tournament was designed to create a setting wherein older adults interact with undergraduate students, generating an intergenerational learning experience. Teams of older adults were recruited through the local Area Agency on Aging and paired with undergraduate students to provide an opportunity for older adults to share their love and knowledge of pickleball with a younger generation. The students interacted with active, older adults in an activity that connected the generations. An informal evaluation, completed by students, and process-evaluative measures revealed the successes of the tournament. Interdisciplinary approaches to this intergenerational experience brought both academic and community partners together for the creation and implementation of the event. This practice-based paper includes a rationale for tournament implementation, describes program goals and implementation details, and includes a theoretical framework for application. Additionally, the a...
Composition Operators on Weighted Banach Spaces of a Tree

We study composition operators on the weighted Banach spaces of an infinite tree. We characterize the bounded and the compact operators, as well as determine the operator norm and the essential norm. In addition, we study the isometric composition operators.
A review of the safety of cosmetic procedures during pregnancy and lactation

The safety of cosmetic procedures in patients who are pregnant and/or lactating is a complex clinical question surrounded by uncertainty. Our objective is to consolidate data on the safety of commonly requested cosmetic procedures during pregnancy and lactation after a systematic review of the current literature to guide evidence-based care in the future. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted for articles on cosmetic procedures during pregnancy and lactation. Due to a lack of controlled trials, case reports and series were considered. Minor procedures such as shave, punch, snipping, and electrocautery are considered safe. With respect to chemical peels, glycolic and lactic acid peels are deemed safe; however, trichloracetic and salicylic acid peels should be avoided or used with caution. Although safety data on botulinum toxin A is insufficient, the procedure may be safe because systemic absorption and placental transfer are negligible. Sclerotherapy can be safe during pregnancy but must be avoided during the first trimester and after week 36 of the pregnancy. Laser and light therapies have been considered generally safe for patients with granulomatous conditions and condylomata. Epilation should be limited to waxing, shaving, and topical treatments instead of permanent procedures. In patients who are lactating, most therapies discussed above are safe but fat transfer, sclerotherapy, and tumescent liposuction are not recommended. Better evidence is needed to make concrete recommendations on the safety of cosmetic therapy during pregnancy and lactation but preliminary evidence suggests excellent safety profiles for many commonly requested cosmetic procedures.
Association splitting of the sexual orientation-OCD-relevant semantic network.

AbstractThere is little research on treating symptoms of sexual orientation-obsessive-compulsive disorder (SO-OCD). Semantic networks represent a new cognitive approach for understanding cognitive mechanisms of SO-OCD. Specifically, we tested whether the self-help cognitive technique of association splitting (AS) developed from this approach would be efficacious in reducing SO-OCD symptoms and thought suppression. One hundred and twenty heterosexual undergraduates (82 females, 38 males) were randomly assigned to either the AS or waitlist control group. At baseline and four weeks later, participants completed items assessing SO-OCD symptoms, measures of sexual obsessions and thought suppression, and an association task in which they generated associations to different cue words. Generated associations were coded based on SO-OCD relevance and emotional valence. Results indicated reductions in SO-OCD-relevant associations across levels of emotional valence and SO-OCD-irrelevant negative associations, and inc...
Reclaiming teacher intellectualism through and for inclusive education

ABSTRACTInclusive education, understood as a pedagogical commitment to schooling experiences that value diversity and promote equitable participation for all students, has not been broadly taken up...
Developing a Volunteer Computing Project to Evolve Convolutional Neural Networks and Their Hyperparameters

This work presents improvements to a neuroevolution algorithm called Evolutionary eXploration of Augmenting Convolutional Topologies (EXACT), which is capable of evolving the structure of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While EXACT has multithreaded and parallel implementations, it has also been implemented as part of a volunteer computing project at the Citizen Science Grid to provide truly large scale computing resources through over 5,500 volunteered computers. Improvements include the development of a new mutation operator, which increased the evolution rate by over an order of magnitude and was also shown to be significantly more reliable in generating new CNNs than the traditional method. Further, EXACT has been extended with a simplex hyperparameter optimization (SHO) method which allows for the co-evolution of hyperparameters, simplifying the task of their selection while generating smaller CNNs with similar predictive ability to those generated with fixed hyperparameters. Lastly, the backpropagation method has been updated with batch normalization and dropout. Compared to previous work, which only achieved prediction rates of 98.32% on the MNIST handwritten digits testing data after 60,000 evolved CNNs, these new advances allowed EXACT to achieve prediction rates of 99.43% within only 12,500 evolved CNNs - rates which are comparable to some of the best human designed CNNs.
Computer-Assisted Image Analysis in Tissue-Material Interactions

During the past century and a half, the science and practice of pathology have developed relying primarily upon the descriptive analysis of microscopic preparations. Pattern recognition remains the cornerstone of histopathologic diagnosis. Since the early years as a defined specialty, its practitioners have recognized the need for quantitative analysis to address specific questions. Numerous morphometric methods were employed, including planimetry, scaling, and direct object measurement. The availability of the microcomputer within the past decade has not only brought morphometry and image analysis to the general pathology laboratory, but has revolutionized the capacity to process images through the microscope.
Analysis and Design of a Family Reunion Information System

Family reunions are often large events which require advance planning, data processing and feedback analysis. The successful planning, budgeting and organizing of this modernized social gala are a considerable feat. Several desktop solutions exist to aid reunion planners, but at the same time they are limited to use only by the planners. OurFamily247.com is a proposed information system tailored to organizing all types of family reunion gatherings in a distributed fashion. The system will allow planners and family members to be abreast of all information during the planning process, pre and post event. This research uses the software development life cycle to provide a structured analysis of the information needed to economically, socially and sequentially produce a desired and joyous event.
The Phonon-Dislocation Interaction

Since the early theoretical papers by Klemens1 in 1955 until the present,2 there has been a continuing controversy in the literature concerning the physical nature of the interaction of thermal phonons with dislocations. The present paper is an attempt to partly clarify the situation through a review of the experimental data on LiF available in the literature.
Fission-Product Energy Release for Times Following Thermal-Neutron Fission of 235U Between 2 and 14 000 s

Fission-product decay energy-release rates have been measured for thermal-neutron fission of 235U. Spectral data were obtained using scintillation spectrometers for beta and gamma rays separately, ...
On Kantian Equilibrium and Conjectural Variation Equilibrium

In this paper, I make a connection between a Kantian equilibrium for a game as introduced in Roemer (2010) and a conjectural variation equilibrium as discussed in the literature on oligopolistic competition. I show that, for the class of games studied by Roemer (2010), any Kantian equilibrium is an appropriate conjectural variation equilibrium.
Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes Comprising the Simplest T → dU Substitutions

Members of the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) enzyme family recognize and bind uracil, sequestering it within the binding site pocket and catalyzing the cleavage of the base from the deoxyribose, leaving an abasic site. The recognition and binding are passive and rely on innate dynamic motions of DNA wherein base pairs undergo thermally induced breakage and conformational fluctuations. Once the uracil breaks from its base pair, it can be recognized and bound by the enzyme, which then alters its conformation for sequestration and catalysis. Our results suggest that the thymine to uracil substitution, which differs only by a single methyl group, causes a destabilization of the duplex thermodynamics, which would lead to an increase in the population of the extrahelical state and increase the probability of uracil being recognized and excised from DNA by UDG. This destabilization is dependent on the identity of the nearest-neighbor base-pair stacks; a G·C nearest neighbor leads to thermal and enthalpic destabilization that is weaker that that seen with two A·T neighbors. In addition, uracil substitution yields a nearest-neighbor increase in the counterion uptake of the duplexes but decreases the level of immobilization of structural water for all substituted duplexes regardless of the neighbor identity or number of substitutions.
Mapping the Holistic Impact of Realistic Job Preview― Pre-recruitment Phase, Post-recruitment Phase and Marketing Spillover Effect

Realistic Job Preview (RJP) is a method of disseminating relevant information regarding job offers essentially allowing potential applicants to better evaluate their prospects. While this procedure is welldocumented in industrial psychology, its application as a marketing tool remains neglected. Furthermore, its conceptualization, operationalization and evaluation are still widely debated. The current paper attempts to provide a more inclusive conceptualization of RJP and focuses on mapping its holistic impact through combining the effects of RJP during the pre-recruitment phase and post-recruitment phase as well as including its marketing spillover effect.
Dust explosions: Regulations, standards, and guidelines

Abstract A global synopsis is presented of combustible dust regulations, consensus standards, and guidelines. Scopes of the IECEx standards and the corresponding certification and labeling practices are summarized. The absence of a combustible dust category in the UN Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals is discussed, as is a recent proposal to include such a category. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration combustible dust regulatory practices are described along with a review of the pertinent National Fire Protection Association and FM Global combustible dust standards representing current good practices for dust explosion prevention, isolation, and mitigation. The applicable European ATEX regulations and CEN standards are also summarized including the equipment certification and labeling practices, and the use of Category 1, 2, and 3 equipment in Zones 20, 21, and 22, respectively. Dust explosion protection standards and regulations in several other nations are also described to give the reader a sense of current practices in various parts of the world.
Safe and Efficient High Dimensional Motion Planning in Space-Time with Time Parameterized Prediction

In this work, we propose an algorithm that can plan safe and efficient robot trajectories in real time, given time-parameterized motion predictions, in order to avoid fast-moving obstacles in human-robot collaborative environments. Our algorithm is able to reduce the robot configuration space and the time domain significantly by constructing a Lazy Safe Interval Probabilistic Roadmap based on a pre-planned path. The algorithm then plans efficient obstacle-avoidance strategies within the space-time roadmap. We benchmarked our algorithm by evaluating the performance of a simulated 6-joint manipulator attempting to avoid a quickly moving human hand, using a dataset collected from human experiments. We compared our algorithm’s performance with those of 8 variations of prior state-of-the-art planners. Results from this empirical evaluation indicate that our method generated safe plans in 97.5% of the evaluated situations, achieved a planning speed 30 times faster than the benchmarked methods that planned in the time domain without space reduction, and accomplished the minimal solution execution time among the benchmarked planners with a similar planning speed.
Permeation dynamics of dimethyl methylphosphonate through polyelectrolyte composite membranes by in-situ Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Reliable measurement of permeability of membranes with respect of different chemical compounds is of paramount importance for the design of novel materials for selective separations, protective barriers against chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. An original in-situ Raman spectroscopy experimental setup is devised to measure the dynamics of permeation of toxins with example of diffusion of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a nerve agent surrogate, across polyelectrolyte composite membranes. Efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on two types of commercial membranes, Nafion 117 and Nexar MD9200, modified with metal oxide nanoparticles. It was found that loading membranes with ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduces agent permeation, enhancing its protective capabilities against hazardous substances. The proposed methodology can be adopted and applied for characterization of permeability of other types of CWAs, their simulants, and other chemicals through polymeric membranes of different origin.
Discrepancy Between Stone and Tissue Mineral Type in Patients with Idiopathic Uric Acid Stones

Objectives: To describe the papillary pathology found in uric acid (UA) stone formers, and to investigate the mineral form of tissue deposits. Materials and Methods: We studied eight UA stone formers treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Papillae were imaged intraoperatively using digital endoscopy, and cortical and papillary biopsies were taken. Biopsies were analyzed by light microscopy, micro-CT, and microinfrared spectroscopy. Results: As expected, urine pH was generally low. UA supersaturation exceeded one in all but one case, compatible with the stone material. By intraoperative imaging, the renal papillae displayed a heterogeneous mixture of plaque and plugging, ranging from normal to severe. All patients had mineral in ducts of Bellini and inner medullary collecting ducts, mainly apatite with lesser amounts of urate and/or calcium oxalate in some specimens. Papillary and cortical interstitial tissue injury was modest despite the tubule plugging. No instance was found of a stone growing attached to either plaque or plugs. Conclusions: UA stone formers resemble those with ileostomy in having rather low urine pH while forming tubule plugs that contain crystals that can only form at pH values above those of their bulk urine. This discrepancy between tissue mineral deposits and stone type suggests that local tubular pH exceeds that of the bulk urine, perhaps because of localized tubule injury. The manner in which UA stones form and the discordance between tubule crystals and stone type remain open research questions.
The prognostic value of initial serum lactate for survival in postcardiac arrest patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the prognostic value of serum lactate on survival in patients postcardiac arrest. BACKGROUND Patients who experience cardiac arrest, in- or out-of-hospital, may have a poor outcome. Initial electrocardiograms may suggest ischemia as an underlying cause and urgent referral for catheterization occurs. It remains unclear which of these patients may suffer a poor outcome. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our institution taken for urgent catheterization after cardiac arrest between January 2014 and September 2018. Three hundred and eighty four patients were referred urgently to the cath lab during this period, 50 with prior arrest. RESULTS Sixty six percent underwent coronary intervention. The mean age of the entire cohort was 57 years. Thirty four percent were female, 40% had a history of coronary artery disease, and 94% were intubated at the time of cardiac catheterization. Overall survival to discharge was 40%. Survival in patients who underwent coronary intervention compared with those who did not was similar (45.5 vs. 29.4%, p = .27). Mean lactate level in survivors versus nonsurvivors was 4.7 ± 3.8 and 9.8 ± 4.7 mmol/L, respectively (p < .05). When divided into tertiles by serum lactate (< 4.5, 4.5-9, 9 mmol/L), survival to discharge was 75, 29.4, and 17.6%, respectively (p < .05). Initial serum lactate and age were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing cardiac catheterization following cardiac arrest, routine measurement of serum lactate is a useful and available laboratory test that may help identify patients at risk for a poor outcome.
Performance and Utilization of a Laboratory-Developed Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Low-Prevalence Area.

OBJECTIVES Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health problem. In low-prevalence areas and low clinical suspicion, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can speed therapy initiation and infection control. An NAAT assay (TBPCR) targeting MTBC IS6110 is used for detecting MTBC in our low-prevalence population. METHODS Fifteen-year review of patient records identified 146 patients with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Laboratory-developed TBPCR was retrospectively compared with standard stain and cultures for PTB and EPTB diagnoses. RESULTS TBPCR assay was used in 57% of patients with PTB and 33% of patients with EPTB. TBPCR detected 88.4% of all TB (smear-positive, 97%; smear-negative, 79%) with 100% specificity. Low bacterial load was indicated in TBPCR-negative PTB (P = .002) and EPTB (P < .008). CONCLUSIONS TBPCR performance was optimum but significantly underused. Guidelines are proposed for mandated use of TBPCR that capture patients with clinically suspected PTB. Focused TBPCR use in low prevalence populations will benefit patient care, infection prevention, and public health.
Cognitive behavioral therapies for rumination

Abstract In this chapter, I review the empirical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating rumination. After exploring evidence for traditional CBT and the lack of understanding of its mechanisms, I describe a treatment package targeting rumination specifically: rumination-focused CBT. I explain its theoretical basis, describe the therapy itself, and examine the research supporting its efficacy. Finally, I review a set of interventions involving cognitive bias modification that show promise for reducing rumination.
New quota-based apportionment methods: The allocation of delegates in the Republican Presidential Primary

Abstract We survey the apportionment methods used by the Republican Party in their 2012 and 2016 state presidential primaries, with a focus on the seven methods that are proportional. All of the proportional methods are quota-based, and all but one are new (or at least previously unstudied). After comparing the apportionment methods for three candidates using simplicial geometry, we evaluate how they differ in bias toward the top and bottom vote-getting candidates. We also compare the methods by how they distinguish among candidates in close elections. We use the bias comparisons to suggest which methods should be used at different junctures in the primary season. We discuss how these new methods were implemented in practice and summarize how successful these methods were in making the Republican delegate process more proportional.
Rate and maintenance of improvement of myofascial pain with dry needling alone vs. dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial.

Study design Prospective, randomized. Objectives To determine the difference in rate and maintenance of improvement of pain and disability for Dry Needling (DN) compared to Dry Needling with Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation (DN/IMES), in Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS). Background DN and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) have been shown to be efficacious in treating MPS. DN/IMES for MPS treatment has not been studied extensively, but initial results are promising. Methods Forty-five subjects were randomly assigned to the DN (n = 25) or DN/IMES (n = 20) group. Both groups received six consecutive weekly treatments and completed NDI and NPRS questionnaires (week 0, 3, 6, and 12). Results Both DN and DN/IMES groups showed significant improvement between weeks 0-6 on NDI (p = 0.008 and 0.00002, respectively) and NPRS scores (0 = 0.017 and p = 0.018, respectively). DN/IMES group showed significant within group changes on the NPRS between weeks 0-3 (p = 0.029). No changes were noted in the DN or DN/IMES groups between week 6-12 on NDI (p = 0.497 and p = 0.714, respectively) or NPRS (p = 0.801 and p = 0.164, respectively). Conclusion DN and DN/IMES demonstrated improvement and maintenance in disability and pain for 6 weeks. No differences in improvement of disability or pain existed between the groups at week 6 or 12.
Secure Access Authentication of Power Terminal Based on Multi-Channel Frequency Intensity

This paper analyzes the security issues in the smart grid. According to the characteristics of wireless signal transmission, combined with the existing physical layer authentication technology, we apply the physical layer authentication technology to resource-constrained power terminals, this paper proposes a device location fixed multi-channel frequency intensity authentication scheme. This scheme mainly utilizes the space-time uniqueness characteristics of the wireless channel when the location of the wireless device is fixed. The signal intensity of the device is used as the unique identification information of the wireless device. The similarity of channel characteristics is used to identify the device and determine whether it is legal. Tests show that this scheme has better recognition performance.
Runout Analyses Using 2014 Oso Landslide

Understanding the runout of slope failures is important for hazard identification, risk assessments, and disaster prevention. This study evaluates the accuracy of three runout software packages, DA...
Following Your Group or Your Morals? The In-Group Promotes Immoral Behavior While the Out-Group Buffers Against It:

People learn by observing others, albeit not uniformly. Witnessing an immoral behavior causes observers to commit immoral actions, especially when the perpetrator is part of the in-group. Does conf...
Combined Hemodynamic Measures of Left and Right Ventricular Function Predict Clinical Outcomes the ESCAPE Trial

Purpose We evaluated the utility of combined assessment of left and right ventricular function for prediction of clinical outcomes in hospitalized heart failure patients. Methods The Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial individual-level data were used. Aortic pulsatility index (API), (systolic - diastolic blood pressure)/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI), (systolic pulmonary arterial pressure - diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure)/right atrial pressure, were computed from the final hemodynamic measurements. Participants were grouped as: Low API/Low PAPI, Low API/High PAPI, High API/Low PAPI, and High API/High PAPI based on cut-points of 2.9 and 2.6 for API and PAPI, respectively, which were previously determined by our group using receiver operator characteristic analysis. The primary outcome was need for left ventricular assist device or heart transplant, or death at six-months post-hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included any rehospitalization and cardiac rehospitalization. Results Of 433 participants enrolled in the ESCAPE trial, 142 had complete final hemodynamic data with which to calculate API and PAPI. Low API/Low PAPI was associated with the primary outcome when compared to the 3 other groups, HR 3.58 (95%CI 1.95-6.57), p Conclusion Combined measurements of left and right ventricular function using API and PAPI is associated with significant clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure, and may be useful for prognostic risk stratification.
Trump’s Impeachment: Cheap Grace and the Comic Frame

Of all of the comments surrounding the 2019 impeachment of President Donald Trump, the ones that generated the most attention were from Senator Susan Collins of Maine. After the House brought charg...
M1 receptors interacting with NMDAR enhance delay-related neuronal firing and improve working memory performance

Abstract The recurrent excitatory circuits in dlPFC underlying working memory are known to require activation of glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDAR). The neurons in these circuits also rely on acetylcholine to maintain persistent activity, with evidence for actions at both nicotinic α7 receptors and muscarinic M1 receptors (M1R). It is known that nicotinic α7 receptors interact with NMDAR in these circuits, but the interactions between M1R and NMDAR on dlPFC neuronal activity are unknown. Here, we investigated whether M1Rs contribute to the permissive effects of ACh in dlPFC circuitry underlying working memory via interactions with NMDA receptors. We tested interactions between M1Rs and NMDARs in vivo on single neuron activity in rhesus macaques performing a working memory task, as well as on working memory behavior in rodents following infusion of M1R and NMDAR compounds into mPFC. We report that M1R antagonists block the enhancing effects of NMDA application, consistent with M1R permissive actions. Conversely, M1R positive allosteric modulators prevented the detrimental effects of NMDAR blockade in single neurons in dlPFC and on working memory performance in rodents. These data support an interaction between M1R and NMDARs in working memory circuitry in both primates and rats, and suggest M1Rs contribute to the permissive actions of ACh in primate dlPFC. These results are consistent with recent data suggesting that M1R agonists may be helpful in the treatment of schizophrenia, a cognitive disorder associated with NMDAR dysfunction.
Modeling Bioinspired Fish Scale Designs via a Geometric and Numerical Approach.

Fish scales serve as a natural dermal armor with remarkable flexibility and puncture resistance. Through studying fish scales, researchers can replicate these properties and tune them by adjusting their design parameters to create biomimetic scales. Overlapping scales, as seen in elasmoid scales, can lead to complex interactions between each scale. These interactions are able to maintain the stiffness of the fish’s structure with improved flexibility. Hence, it is important to understand these interactions in order to design biomimetic fish scales. Modeling the flexibility of fish scales, when subject to shear loading across a substrate, requires accounting for nonlinear relations. Current studies focus on characterizing these kinematic linear and nonlinear regions but fall short in modeling the kinematic phase shift. Here, we propose an approach that will predict when the linear-to-nonlinear transition will occur, allowing for more control of the overall behavior of the fish scale structure. Using a geometric analysis of the interacting scales, we can model the flexibility at the transition point where the scales start to engage in a nonlinear manner. The validity of these geometric predictions is investigated through finite element analysis. This investigation will allow for efficient optimization of scale-like designs and can be applied to various applications.
A History of Central Collisions at the Bevalac

You have heard a great deal about Plastic Ball results at this conference. There were talks on the first morning by Hans-Georg Ritter and Karl-Heinz Kampert on the Plastic Ball at Berkeley, there will be a talk next week by Rudi Schmidt on the Plastic Ball at CERN, and many other speakers have mentioned Plastic Ball results. The young students may think that when the new field of relativistic heavy ion physics opened up, an ideal detector was designed and built, data immediately analyzed, and results produced. The theme of my talk is to show that this is incorrect. The experiments proceeded in logical stages, one building upon the other, increasing in complexity and sophistication. The analysis techniques and the theory developed along with the experiments. If the more senior people in the audience easily remember this history of the development of the relativistic heavy ion field, they may spend their time during this talk thinking about what is happening now and what will happen in the future in the ultrarelativistic heavy ion field, where I believe history is repeating itself.
Spatiotemporal nonlinear optics in multimode fibers

We study nonlinear pulse propagation of high-energy ultrashort pulses in graded-index multimode fibers. By adjusting initial conditions, we observe and control a wide range of nonlinear effects including spatiotemporal effects resembling self-focusing and multiple filamentation.
Applications of Persistent Object Systems 1

In the past few years, persistent object systems have reached a level of maturity where significant applications can be built and studied. The first two presentations in this session each concentrated on a single application of a persistent system; the third dealt with an analysis of multiple applications implemented in the same persistent language.
“We do what we must, and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect. Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can a Dog Learn a Word

Language is considered a uniquely human trait. In his Perspective, Bloom discusses exciting new findings with a border collie called Rico that might challenge this view. Rico has a vocabulary of 200 words and can fetch an item according to a command from his owner. Bloom ponders whether this ability is indeed word learning akin to that of human babies.
Impaired modulation of sympathetic α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting forearm muscle of ageing men

Recent evidence indicates that older healthy humans demonstrate greater vasoconstrictor tone in their active muscles during exercise compared with young adults. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the normal ability of muscle contractions to blunt sympathetic α-adrenergic vasoconstriction (functional sympatholysis) is impaired with age in healthy humans. We measured forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) and calculated the forearm vascular conductance (FVC) responses to α-adrenergic receptor stimulation during rhythmic handgrip exercise (15% maximum voluntary contraction) and during a control non-exercise vasodilator condition (intra-arterial adenosine infusion) in seven young (25 ± 2 years) and eight healthy older men (65 ± 2 year). FVC responses to intra-arterial tyramine (evokes endogenous noradrenaline release), phenylephrine (α1-agonist) and clonidine (α2-agonist) were assessed. In young men, the vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine (−25 ± 1 versus−56 ± 6%), phenylephrine (−11 ± 4 versus−39 ± 4%) and clonidine (−12 ± 4 versus−38 ± 5%; all P < 0.005) were blunted during exercise compared with adenosine. In contrast, exercise did not significantly blunt the response to tyramine (−30 ± 2 versus−36 ± 7%; P= 0.4) or phenylephrine (−16 ± 2 versus−19 ± 3%; P= 0.3) in older men, but did attenuate the response to clonidine (−22 ± 3 versus−37 ± 6%; P < 0.05). The magnitude of functional sympatholysis, calculated as the difference in the vasoconstrictor responses during adenosine infusion and exercise, was significantly lower in older compared with young men in the presence of tyramine (−6 ± 7 versus−31 ± 6%), phenylephrine (−3 ± 3 versus−28 ± 4%) and clonidine (−15 ± 4 versus−26 ± 3%; all P < 0.05). We conclude that ageing is associated with impaired functional sympatholysis in the vascular beds of contracting forearm muscle in healthy men. These findings might help explain the greater skeletal muscle vasoconstrictor tone and reduced blood flow during large muscle dynamic exercise in older adults.
The Importance of Place: Re‐territorialising Embeddedness

Sociologists have used the concept of embeddedness to examine the relationships between social networks, social capital, cultural and cognitive elements and the construction of markets. Yet important questions remain regarding how local and extra-local actors actively construct embedded markets and how networks exhibit both embedding and disembedding tendencies. I use qualitative data on a case study of Comte cheese, an origin-labelled cheese produced in eastern France, to develop a more critical and precise analysis of what embeddedness means in the context of (localised) food systems. I demonstrate the importance of horizontal and vertical forms of embeddedness. The expansion of the market and the entry of extra-local actors into the chain put a strain on the proximity and close ties that have historically constituted the basis of the social embeddedness of the Comte supply chain. The institutions that the Inter-professional Committee for Gruyere from Comte has developed, the support offered by the French state and the actors' shared belief in terroir are forms of vertical embeddedness that all act to re-embed the Comte supply chain in its particular territory, even in the context of these destabilising forces.