cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa

Lead dioxide is an important silica analog that has high-pressure behavior similar to what has been predicted for silica, only at lower pressures. We have measured the structural evolution and compressional behavior of different lead dioxide polymorphs up to 140 GPa in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell using argon as a pressure medium. High-temperature heating prevents the formation of multi-phase mixtures found in a previous study conducted at room temperature using a silicone grease pressure medium. We find diffraction peaks consistent with a baddeleyite-type phase in our cold-compressed samples between 30 and 40 GPa, which was not observed in the previous measurements. Lead dioxide undergoes a phase transition to a cotunnite-type phase at 24 GPa. This phase remains stable to at least 140 GPa with a bulk modulus of 219(3) GPa for K ′ 0 = 4. Decompression measurements show a pure cotunnite-type phase until 10.5 GPa, where the sample converts to a mixture of baddeleyite-type, pyrite-type, and OI-type ( Pbca ) phases. Pure α-structured lead dioxide (scrutinyite) is found after pressure release at room pressure even though our starting material was in the β-structure (plattnerite). Pressure quenching to the α-structure appears to be a common feature of all group IVa oxides that are compressed to structures with greater density than the rutile-type structure.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Zhejiang Province in 2011

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhejiang province in2011,and to provide evidence for establishing scientific strategies and measures for measles elimination.Methods Reported measles cases in Zhejiang province in 2011 were analyzed. Results There were935 measles cases reported in Zhejiang province in 2011. The incidence rate was 1. 72 per 100 thousand people,which was a decrease of 17. 65% compared with 2010. All measles surveillance quality indicators had reached the requirements of the measles surveillance guideline of Zhejiang province. The indicators had improved compared with 2010. Measles cases were clustered geographically,and were reported by a limited number of hospitals that also were clustered geographically. The highest measles incidence occurred among young children and adults who were not the target population of the national immunization strategy. Conclusions The incidence of measles in 2011 was the lowest level observed in Zhejiang province since 1951,but there is still a distance to go for measles elimination. Measles elimination strategies and measures should be conducted with a good understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhejiang province.
The Impact of Recombinant Human Erythropoeitin on Exercise Capacity in Hemodialysis Patients

Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) of patients with end-stage renal failure treated with hemodialysis is very low. The improvement of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) results in a very small change in V02peak. This change is minimal compared with the magnitude of change in hematocrit, suggesting that other factors continue to limit exercise tolerance. This article reviews the physiology of oxygen transport and the determinants of V02peak. Anemic hemodialysis patients are limited by a reduced cardiac output response to exercise and an inability to widen the arterio-venous oxygen difference. The lack of change in cardiac output and a remaining low arterio-venous oxygen difference following improvement of anemia with rHuEPO therapy suggest an underlying muscle limitation to exercise. Evidence for this muscle limitation is presented. Exercise training may improve the ability of muscle to use oxygen, thus optimizing the effect of the increased hematocrit resulting from rHuEPO therapy.
PARAGON: Parallel Architecture-Aware Graph Partition Refinement Algorithm

With the explosion of large, dynamic graph datasets from various fields, graph partitioning and repartitioning are becoming more and more critical to the performance of many graph-based Big Data applications, such as social analysis, web search, and recommender systems. However, well-studied graph (re)partitioners usually assume a homogeneous and contention-free computing environment, which contradicts the increasing communication heterogeneity and shared resource contention in modern, multicore high performance computing clusters. To bridge this gap, we introduce PARAGON, a parallel architecture-aware graph partition refinement algorithm, which mitigates the mismatch by modifying a given decomposition according to the nonuniform network communication costs and the contentiousness of the underlying hardware topology. To further reduce the overhead of the refinement, we also make PARAGON itself architecture-aware. Our experiments with a diverse collection of datasets showed that on average PARAGON improved the quality of graph decompositions computed by the de-facto standard (hashing partitioning) and two state-of-the-art streaming graph partitioning heuristics (deterministic greedy and linear deterministic greedy) by 43%, 17%, and 36%, respectively. Furthermore, our experiments with an MPI implementation of Breadth First Search and Single Source Shortest Path showed that, in comparison to the state-of-the-art streaming and multi-level graph (re)partitioners, PARAGON achieved up to 5.9x speedups. Finally, we demonstrated the scalability of PARAGON by scaling it up to a graph with 3.6 billion edges using only 3 machines (60 physical cores).
Effects of using iPads on First Grade Students' Achievements in Arabic Language Classes In Saudi Arabia

Although the iPad device has become a new trend as a teaching and learning tool in schools, using it in Saudi schools is still relatively new. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether teaching and learning with the iPad enhances Arabic language learning for first graders. Participants were separated into two groups: a technology group where students used the iPad and educational apps to learn the Arabic Language and a traditional group where students used pencil and paper. Progress in reading, writing, and cognitive skills were measured before and after instruction of Arabic language lessons. Independent t-tests were used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in the scores and times taken to complete tasks. The study results show that the technology group had significantly higher scores on the post tests for cognitive and reading skills than the technology group. The results also show a significant difference between the writing scores of the two groups, and the technology group had lower writing scores than the traditional group.
Yields from meat-type chickens at five ages.

Dietitians and other food specialists recognize the need to examine critically the response of new products to cooking procedures. Such data becomes a basis of dietary recommendations for individuals at home or under hospital care. This study should aid in one phase of new product evaluation.
Renting Apartments to Felons: Variations in Real Estate Agent Decisions due to Stigma

ABSTRACTThe study provides a qualitative analysis of 300 real estate agent responses to telephone calls from researchers posing as convicted felons and inquiring about renting an apartment. Telephone calls were made to real estate agents in New York State and primarily in New York City. Criminal conviction type was manipulated across callers who revealed three types of prior convictions: child molestation, statutory rape, or drug trafficking. Analyses indicate that decisions about renting fall within a continuum of responses, including overt rejection, deferral of rental decision to landlords, ambivalence on the part of the agent, concerns about financial ability to pay rent, and concealing the caller’s offense from the landlord. Reasons for acceptance and rejection of renting an apartment are explored. The stigmatized status of offenders appears to have contributed to the variations in the real estate agents responses.
Cough and expiration reflexes elicited by inhaled irritant gases are intensified in ovalbumin-sensitized mice

This study was designed to determine the effect of active sensitization with ovalbumin (Ova) on cough responses to inhaled irritant gases in mice. Conscious mice moved freely in a recording chamber...
An Evaluation of New Console Technology – Large Display – in Process Control Display

The objectives of this study were to test the effect of display layout/screen type on performance in a process control task (managing a tank farm). The study compared the following two conditions: (a) 4K-resolution 55″ screen with keyboard/mouse versus (b) 6-pack screens with keyboard/mouse. A within-subject experiment was conducted among 20 college engineering students. A primary task of preventing tanks from overfilling as well as a secondary task of manual logging with situation awareness questions were designed. Primary Task performance (including tank level at discharge, number of tank discharged and performance score), Secondary Task Performance (including Tank log count, performance score), system interaction times, subjective workload, situation awareness questionnaire, user experience survey regarding usability and condition comparison were used as the measures. The 6-pack setup was found to be slightly outperformed the 4K setup in tank discharge percentage. Detection+Navigation time was approximately one second shorter in the 4K condition compared to the 6-pack condition. On the other hand, the 6-pack condition outperformed the 4K-screen in the time to enter the values by two seconds. It was also found that the total time it took participants to properly discharge tanks was not significantly different between these conditions. In terms of the subjective feedbacks, participants felt equally about the 4K-screen and 6-pack conditions. More experiments need to be conducted to resolve some of the issues and come to a clearer conclusion.
Open-Field Foraging: The Influence of Prior Taste-Aversion Conditioning

Two experiments evaluating open-field foraging behavior of rats that had received prior taste aversion conditioning to liquid saccharin are reported. In both studies each rat had free access to six foraging patches containing powdered laboratory chow (three plain, three saccharin-adulterated). As consumption at the saccharin-adulterated patches was significantly less for taste-aversion treated animals than at the plain patches, generalization of a taste aversion to a different type of ingestive stimulus in a different environment was demonstrated. The possible relationship of these data to environmental potentiation effects is discussed.
Incorporating low grade energy recovery in process integrated systems

Low grade energy streams are available in large quantities and end up as loss in the energy consumption in the United States. For sustainability and security of the energy future, various research efforts are under way to harness this low grade energy. This paper provides a review of low grade energy resources available in industry, and applications where that can be used. Then, an underdeveloped research area is identified in the integration of the low grade energy in process systems. Some of these areas include the use of low grade solar energy or flare systems, and applications include desalination, district heating, refrigeration, etc. A few applications related to saline agriculture are also identified. This work provides a basis where the recovery of low grade energy sources and subsequent integration can provide potential cost savings, environmental benefits and social impacts. The paper also concludes that further research is needed at the systems level for including sustainability considerations in the low grade energy integration of processes.
Single-Session Percutaneous Endovascular Mesocaval Shunt Creation and Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for the Treatment of Gastric Varices

In the setting of portal hypertension, the body responds by creating portosystemic venous shunts, which may lead to the development of varices. Endoscopic treatment of these varices is often warranted to prevent catastrophic bleeding. During the course of variceal treatment, 1 or more portosystemic shunts may be sacrificed, which may acutely exacerbate portal hypertension and reduce systemic venous return. This report describes percutaneous creation of a mesocaval shunt and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in a patient with cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The patient had previously undergone an unsuccessful attempt at transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation with postoperative bleeding requiring splenectomy. As TIPS was not feasible, creation of a percutaneous mesocaval shunt provided an alternate pathway for portosystemic decompression, facilitating safe treatment of gastric varices with BRTO via a gastrorenal shunt. These procedures were performed simultaneously to reduce the risk of variceal bleeding from acute changes in portal venous pressures and redirect blood flow through the shunt to maintain patency. This is the first reported case of combined mesocaval shunt placement and BRTO in a single session.
Disruption of Trim9 function abrogates macrophage motility in vivo

The vertebrate immune response comprises multiple molecular and cellular components that interface to provide defense against pathogens. Because of the dynamic complexity of the immune system and its interdependent innate and adaptive functionality, an understanding of the whole-organism response to pathogen exposure remains unresolved. Zebrafish larvae provide a unique model for overcoming this obstacle, because larvae are protected against pathogens while lacking a functional adaptive immune system during the first few weeks of life. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to immune agonists for various lengths of time, and a microarray transcriptome analysis was executed. This strategy identified known immune response genes, as well as genes with unknown immune function, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-9 (Trim9). Although trim9 expression was originally described as "brain specific," its expression has been reported in stimulated human Mϕs. In this study, we found elevated levels of trim9 transcripts in vivo in zebrafish Mϕs after immune stimulation. Trim9 has been implicated in axonal migration, and we therefore investigated the impact of Trim9 disruption on Mϕ motility and found that Mϕ chemotaxis and cellular architecture are subsequently impaired in vivo. These results demonstrate that Trim9 mediates cellular movement and migration in Mϕs as well as neurons.
Correction of Post-laminectomy Kyphosis and Cervical Deformity

Post-laminectomy kyphosis and cervical deformity can present unique challenges to both patients and surgeons. Patients may present with significant pain, neurologic symptoms, and functional impairment. These, as well as multiple other clinical and radiographic factors, must be considered before operative intervention, including flexibility of curve, severity of deformity, goals of intervention, prior surgeries, and bone quality. Surgical planning involves decisions about direction of approach, areas of compression and deformity that need to be addressed, and whether or not osteotomies are required to achieve optimal, safe surgical correction.
Sizing sub-diffraction limit electrosprayed droplets by structured illumination microscopy

Electrosprayed droplets are widely studied for their role in the formation of ions at atmospheric pressure. Most droplet measurement methods used today employ light scattering to infer information about an electrosprayed droplet's size. However, these methods fail to measure droplets smaller than about 400 nm in diameter due to constraints imposed by the diffraction limit of light. To overcome this limitation, a super resolution fluorescence microscopy-based method for determining the sizes of electrosprayed droplets has been developed. Solutions containing rhodamine B and different amounts of glycerol were paper sprayed and nanoelectrosprayed onto conductive microscope coverslips using a single, high voltage pulse. Images of the deposited droplets were collected using a super resolution microscope operating in 3D structured illumination microscopy mode (3D-SIM). The sizes of droplets were measured using a modified circular Hough transformation program in Matlab. On average, the diameters of paper sprayed droplets were between 500 nm and 2 μm while almost all nanoelectrosprayed droplets were smaller than 1 μm. The center of a paper spray plume exhibited larger droplets than those at the periphery, likely due to greater Coulombic repulsive forces acting on the smaller droplets to drive them outwards. The periphery also likely contained progeny droplets in addition to smaller parent droplets. It was possible to alter the sizes of nanoelectrosprayed droplets in several ways, including by changing the solvent composition and voltage applied to the emitter. Droplets consisting of high concentrations of glycerol were larger than droplets containing high concentrations of methanol, presumably due to the high surface tension of glycerol. Correspondingly, droplets became smaller when the voltage applied to the emitter was increased, likely due to the ability to overcome the surface tension of the solvent more easily. The smallest detectable droplets confidently measured with this method were 200 nm in diameter. This method demonstrates a new way of measuring the sizes of electrosprayed droplets with half the diameter of conventional droplet size measurement methods. Through further optimization, it may be possible to measure the sizes of electrosprayed droplets as small as the theoretical resolution limit of SIM (∼100 nm).
Unpacking Global Service-Learning in Developing Contexts: A Case Study from Rural Tanzania.

This article examines intercultural aspects of global service-learning (GSL) focused on gender and sustainable development in rural Tanzania. The discussion draws from critical development and postcolonial feminist approaches to examine how GSL addresses globalization, social histories, and political economies of development. The empirical analysis is based on a program that is designed to develop global awareness, intercultural competence, and critical thinking among students and communities. The relationships, discourses, and actions of the participants are examined through written assignments, a focus group discussion, and observations of activities and the community. The findings of this study contribute to broader debates concerning experiential learning that address students’ and other participants’ global awareness and intercultural competency. This program also encourages the formation of responsible and ethical partnerships among institutions and communities where GSL is taking place. In sum, we argue that critical approaches to global service-learning ultimately advance inclusive and transformational pedagogies and development.
Administration of low dose triclosan to pregnant ewes results in placental uptake and reduced estradiol sulfotransferase activity in fetal liver and placenta.

Abstract Sulfonation is a major pathway of estrogen biotransformation with a role in regulating estrogen homeostasis in humans and sheep. Previous in vitro studies found that triclosan is an especially potent competitive inhibitor of ovine placental estrogen sulfotransferase, with Kic of
Chapter Thirteen – PRICING TOPICS

Publisher Summary Perfectly competitive firms usually have no appreciable influence over price, whereas the firms under imperfect competition are able to select the prices most consistent with their goals, at least most of the time. Consequently, monopolistic and oligopolistic firms generally possess a greater degree of market power and price-setting ability than their counterparts operating under conditions of perfect competition. This chapter reviews some additional pricing policies of price-making, or price-searching, firms. A firm is said to be engaging in first-degree or perfect price discrimination if it charges a different—unique—price to each customer. Another form of price discrimination is a diluted version of perfect price discrimination. Under second-degree price discrimination, or quantity-discount pricing, the firm charges successively lower prices for each additional range of output purchased. Yet another type of price discrimination occurs when a firm charges varying prices to different groups of customers. Such pricing is also referred to as multiple-market price discrimination.
Gerard Manley Hopkins and Ruskin’s Idea of the Christian Artist

John Ruskin gave Gerard Manley Hopkins an aesthetic vocabulary imbued with Christian concepts of obedience, sacrifice, truth, and Divine Beauty. Even secular art is never morally neutral; Christian art has additional moral weight in the artist’s reverence for God’s self-revelation in creation. Hopkins’s Scotism confirmed his conviction that an artist’s work must be a responsible personal proclamation of truth about creation. Such moral responsibility discourages easy sentimentality but demands reverence for beauty. The depth of Hopkins’s interaction with etymology, syntax, and sound springs from Ruskinian sacrificial expenditure of workmanship and reverence for what Ruskin called “truth” to materials. “Ashboughs,” a cheerful, subtly Marian curtal sonnet, shows Hopkins’s Ruskinian principles at work late in his life, especially in the poet’s attention to diction, syntax, and divine truth revealed in concrete, worldly beauty.
Across the campuses and around the globe: Reaching online learners through high-level embedded librarianship

In response to strategic and administrative goals, a large R1 public university with 24 campuses developed a programmatic embedded librarian pilot in 2016. This pilot provided high-level embedded l...
The great American health care debate: A classroom game to explore risk and insurance

Health insurance policy is a current topic of concern for the United States. The classroom game discussed here provides students with a thorough understanding of some of the policy options under de...
Two Punic inscriptions from Roman Tripolitania

This article provides the edition and commentary of two Punic inscriptions of Roman imperial date from inland areas of Tripolitania. One is the first edition of a Punic funerary text written in Latin script from Bani Walid in the Werfalla district. The other is a discussion offering an alternative interpretation of two architectural blocks bearing a fragmentary dedication that were recovered from the vicinity of the mausoleum of Gasr Doga in the Tarhuna district. Both texts shed new light on aspects of the cultural dynamics of Libyco-Punic culture under Roman rule.
Cultural Diversity, Conceptual Pedagogy, and Educating Students for Their Futures

This chapter focuses on cultural diversity, its conflicts, and its possibilities. Cultural diversity is the bringing together of individuals with different cultures. Immigrants bring cultural diversity to our country, communities, and classrooms. Conflicts are created in our country, communities and classrooms with the presence of cultural diversity. On the other hand, cultural diversity can boost the creative and innovative energy of a country, rejuvenate a lackluster community, and enable world-class education in the classroom. Young people are the future of our country and communities and minimizing the conflicts and promoting the possibilities that come with cultural diversity will not happen by itself. These young people must be educated for their future in a global community dominated by cultural diversity. Multicultural education provides what students need to be successful in the future. Preparing students for this future requires an education that is culturally sensitive and what might this culturally sensitive education look like and how might it be delivered? The knowledge and skills students need to successfully interact with diverse populations are the “what” and the practical experiences students receive by interaction and collaboration are the “how” multicultural education might be delivered. The what and the how of multicultural education are discussed in more detail in this chapter, but it is worthwhile to mention that the delivery mechanism for this multicultural education is the conceptual pedagogy in visual arts through project-based activities. Cultural diversity can be present in schools, but multicultural education is not promoted because of the lack of support from the community and the archaic systems and structures of the education enterprise can be a barrier to promoting multicultural education as well. The rationale for developing the pedagogical approach is not only to promote multicultural education directly but to encourage the community, as a stakeholder, to buy into the idea of multicultural education and to reimage the education enterprise systems making them responsive to the advancement of various tenets of multicultural education. If this pedagogical approach and strategy are successful, students will receive a multicultural education that enable them to be successful in the global community.
Optogenetic control of gut bacterial metabolism

Gut bacteria produce a wide range of metabolites that impact host biology. However, in situ studies of microbe-host interactions are challenging due to the poor accessibility of the gut environment. Here, we develop a method wherein light is used to remotely control E. coli gene expression in the C. elegans gastrointestinal tract. We go on to engineer an E. coli strain from which secretion of the longevity-enhancing exopolysaccharide colanic acid (CA) is regulated by light. We then combine this strain with our optogenetic method to discover that CA produced by gut bacteria protects intestinal mitochondria from stress-induced hyper-fragmentation. Finally, we exploit the quantitative control of CA secretion afforded by light to reveal that CA extends worm lifespan in a dose-dependent manner. Optogenetic control of gut bacterial metabolism will enable new mechanistic studies of how the microbiome impacts health and disease.
Engineering Identity and K12 Outreach Mentors

Context: Many universities utilize undergraduate and graduate students as mentors for K12 outreach programs. Many studies have focused on the benefits to K12 youth mentees. There remains a gap in the literature on the benefits to university student mentors’ sense of being a scientist or engineer, or their science / engineering identity. Object: This pilot study aims to explore how participation in K12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) outreach programs affects the engineering or science identity of university student mentors. Method: Following a narrative methodology, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with university student mentors and outreach program coordinators. Results: Results from this study will inform future studies and benefit K12 outreach programs.
Globalization and the challenges of public administration: governance, human resources management, leadership, ethics, e-governance and sustainability in the 21st century

Globalization is undoubtedly an important and timely topic, and has been the object of debate within an extensive range of settings, from classrooms to talk shows. Globalization can entail differen...
Physical and Emotional Satisfaction at First Same-Sex Anal Sex in Young Gay and Bisexual Men.

Research has focused on adolescents’ feelings about their first sexual experiences, but little research has examined this topic in sexual minority adolescents. In this study, we examined how experiencing emotional and physical satisfaction at first same-sex anal sex differed by age of first sex for young gay and bisexual men. We applied the time-varying effect model to data from an Internet survey of men who initiated first sex between ages 14–26 (n = 6401) to examine emotional and physical satisfaction at first same-sex anal sex across continuous age of onset and by partner factors. The majority of men reported satisfaction across all ages; however, satisfaction was generally less likely for men who had first anal sex with a non-relationship partner, an older partner, or a partner they had sex with only once and this was particularly true at earlier ages. Findings suggest that many young gay and bisexual men report satisfaction with their first anal sex and that relationship context can be important in predicting satisfaction, particularly at younger ages.
Abstract IA19: Genomic analysis of osteosarcoma: Insights into tumor evolution and therapy response

While significant progress has been made in most other cancers to advance targeted therapy, there has been essentially no change in our approach to treatment of osteosarcoma in over 30 years. Osteosarcomas exhibit an extremely complex genome characterized by multiple copy number changes and structural alterations. Using patient-derived xenografts and primary tumors, we are employing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNAseq to characterize the evolution of this disease with a goal of understanding how evolutionary constraints can identify targetable vulnerabilities. We have identified a number of potential subtypes of osteosarcoma based on copy number alterations and defined how these copy number alterations can be exploited for therapeutic benefit using a large and clinically annotated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) collection. A key current effort is to identify novel genome-informed combination therapies for this disease. To facilitate this work, we have developed a panel of cell lines derived from PDX models, which have also be characterized with regards to their genomic characteristics. We have used these cell lines to screen for response to a wide variety of drugs with the goal of matching response to specific genomic characteristics. Lastly, we are using PDX models to study the process of metastatic progression and have identified a possible role for the enzyme ENPP1 in osteosarcoma metastasis. Citation Format: E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Genomic analysis of osteosarcoma: Insights into tumor evolution and therapy response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Hemipelvectomy hernia: case series and literature review.

Hemipelvectomy is a major operation in which significant portions of the pelvic girdle and lower extremity are resected. The development of hernia following hemipelvectomy is a complex surgical challenge with limited published guidelines for management. We present our experience with three cases of hernia repair following internal hemipelvectomy and review the previously described ten cases of similar patients. A systematic review of the current literature regarding hernias in the setting of hemipelvectomy was performed. A comprehensive search strategy on MEDLINE/PUBMED database searching for the key words of hemipelvectomy and hernia was used. There were 13 reported cases of incisional hernia after hemipelvectomy. The indication for hemipelvectomy was sarcoma in 77% of cases. The median time to presentation for hernia repair was 3 years following initial resection. Mesh repair was used in 77%. Identified risk factors for the development of incisional hernia included chemoradiation, wound infection, multiple operations, and weight gain. There was one event of hernia recurrence with a mean follow-up of 16 months. Hernia in the setting of hemipelvectomy is an infrequently reported problem. General principles in management are similar to all hernia repairs and include local approximation of tissues, avoidance of contamination or wound infection, and use of prosthetic mesh when local tissue is inadequate for a tension-free repair.
Luiseño Features: Background

Given its focus on agreement and other such conditions, this work is primarily concerned with phrasal units, i.e. with expressions potentially composed of more than a single word. However, the values available to such expressions are not independent of the values available to words. This is not of course an idea idiosyncratic to this work. X-bar theories claim a relationship between lexical and phrasal categories, as do unification-based theories. Thus, before we turn to the analysis of Chapters Three through Six, we must consider the values available to Luiseno words.
Accelerated Aging Stability of β-Ga2O3-Titanium/Gold Ohmic Interfaces.

Stable ohmic contacts are critical to enable efficient operation of high-voltage electronic devices using ultrawide bandgap semiconductors. Here we perform, for the first time, thermally accelerate...
A Bayesian learning model for estimating unknown demand parameter in revenue management

Abstract This article proposes a series of Bayesian learning and pricing models to uncover the unknown demand parameter through a data driven process and in the meantime to achieve a good regret bound for revenue. Treating the unknown demand sensitivity as a multinomial random variable whose parameters follow a Dirichlet prior, we take an advantage of conjugate property and derive the analytical form of posterior parameters. We show that the proposed learning process ensures the asymptotic convergence of the parameters. In addition to exploration, with few restrictive assumptions we develop a heuristic algorithm for revenue exploitation and establish a regret bound that is comparable to the best bounds available in the literature. We also show that if the estimated parameter falls into the neighborhood of its true value with sufficient learning, the heuristic can switch to the dynamic programming process. The revenue gap between the optimal dynamic programming process and its approximate counterpart becomes negligible. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical conclusion. The heuristic algorithms, including a simplified two-price policy and an approximate dynamic programming heuristic, generally lead to an expected revenue with a small gap from its optimal level.
Harnessing technological solutions for childhood obesity prevention and treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current applications.

Technology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth. This review examined the efficacy of recent technology-based interventions on weight outcomes. Seven databases were searched in April 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: participants aged 1–18 y, use of technology in a prevention/treatment intervention for overweight/obesity; weight outcome; randomized controlled trial (RCT); and published after January 2014. Random effects models with inverse variance weighting estimated pooled mean effect sizes separately for treatment and prevention interventions. Meta-regressions examined the effect of technology type (telemedicine or technology-based), technology purpose (stand-alone or adjunct), comparator (active or no-contact control), delivery (to parent, child, or both), study type (pilot or not), child age, and intervention duration. In total, 3406 records were screened for inclusion; 55 studies representing 54 unique RCTs met inclusion criteria. Most (89%) included articles were of high or moderate quality. Thirty studies relied mostly or solely on technology for intervention delivery. Meta-analyses of the 20 prevention RCTs did not show a significant effect of prevention interventions on weight outcomes (d = 0.05, p = 0.52). The pooled mean effect size of n = 32 treatment RCTs showed a small, significant effect on weight outcomes (d = ‒0.13, p = 0.001), although 27 of 33 treatment studies (79%) did not find significant differences between treatment and comparators. There were significantly greater treatment effects on outcomes for pilot interventions, interventions delivered to the child compared to parent-delivered interventions, and as child age increased and intervention duration decreased. No other subgroup analyses were significant. Recent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.
Development, validation and application of physiologically based biopharmaceutics model to justify the change in dissolution specifications for DRL ABC extended release tablets

The generic drug product DRL ABC is an Extended Release (ER) Tablet manufactured by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited and have multi point dissolution as part of release specification. A proposal is...
Using Log Data to Measure Provider EHR Activity at a Cancer Center during Rapid Telemedicine Deployment.

Objectives Accurate metrics of provider activity within the electronic health record (EHR) are critical to understand workflow efficiency and target optimization initiatives. We utilized newly described, log-based core metrics at a tertiary cancer center during rapid escalation of telemedicine secondary to initial coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) peak onset of social distancing restrictions at our medical center (COVID-19 peak). These metrics evaluate the impact on total EHR time, work outside of work, time on documentation, time on prescriptions, inbox time, teamwork for orders, and undivided attention patients receive during an encounter. Our study aims were to evaluate feasibility of implementing these metrics as an efficient tool to optimize provider workflow and to track impact on workflow to various provider groups, including physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and different medical divisions, during times of significant policy change in the treatment landscape. Methods Data compilation and analysis was retrospectively performed in Tableau utilizing user and schedule data obtained from Cerner Millennium PowerChart and our internal scheduling software. We analyzed three distinct time periods: the 3 months prior to the initial COVID-19 peak, the 3 months during peak, and 3 months immediately post-peak. Results Application of early COVID-19 restrictions led to a significant increase of telemedicine encounters from baseline Conclusion Our analysis showed that implementation of these core metrics is both feasible and can provide an accurate representation of provider EHR workflow adjustments during periods of change, while providing a basis for cross-vendor and cross-institutional analysis.
PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION: Design and implementation of a novel doctor of pharmacy curriculum

Introduction: The University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy has a rich tradition of transforming curricula to graduate pharmacists who are equipped to serve the current and future healthcare needs of the public. Description of programme: This paper describes the process of the design, build, and implementation of a three-year, year-round, competency-based, integrated, Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum with a pass/no pass grading policy. Evaluation: A variety of data streams are in place to collect data on courses, teaching, and student performance as part of continuous quality improvement activities. Future Plans: In addition to traditional evaluation metrics of the curriculum the school will implement a career outcomes project to track students’ career and employment placements. The results of the evaluation and assessment activities will be shared in future manuscripts.
Influence of acculturation on dining-out behavior of Koreans living in the United States – an exploratory study

This exploratory study aimed to determine the role of acculturation on the dining-out behavior of Koreans living in the United States. Ethnic minorities are increasing in numbers and they represent a potentially lucrative market for the foodservice industry. To target this clientele, it is essential to determine their purchasing behaviors and the factors that influence their behavior in order to design suitable marketing strategies. The results of this study showed that scores on the acculturation scale correlated with the dining-out behavior of Koreans. Level of acculturation was related to length of stay in the United States, age, visa status and presence of children in the household which in turn influenced the dining-out behavior of Koreans. With the increasing cultural diversity of consumers, future studies investigating the relationship between acculturation and consumer behavior will continue to garner attention.
Characterization of the 3' Termini of the RNAs of Cowpea Mosaic Virus.

Abstract A sequence of polyadenylic acid, homogeneous in composition but heterogeneous in length, was isolated from complete pancreatic RNase digests of both middle and bottom RNAs of cowpea mosaic virus. The polyadenylic acid was 3′-terminal and occurred once per molecule. A fragment consisting of the polyadenylic acid and approximately the next 25 nucleotides could be isolated from complete T1 RNase digests of either RNA. The region adjacent to the polyadenylic acid in both RNAs was rich in pyrimidines. The mobilities of the fragments in 12.4% polyacrylamide-8 M urea gels were used to estimate their lengths and to calculate number average and weight average molecular weights.
Utilization of active and cooperative learning in EE courses: three classes and the results

Educational researchers confirmed that active learning strategies will result in more retention of subject matter and a deeper comprehension of the concepts covered in a class. In part this is due to the fact that these strategies require that the learner assume more responsibility, during class, for the learning environment. In conjunction with active learning, much interest has been focused on cooperative learning strategies, which require that the students operate in a more cooperative, or team, mode versus the more traditional competitive modes. In this paper three electrical engineering courses at Texas A&M University which incorporated various active and cooperative learning strategies are presented. The information does not deepen the already present research on these strategies. However, it does present detailed examples of the assignments made which utilized active and cooperative learning, the adaptations in student grading procedures which were made, the attitudes of the students during the courses, and a brief follow-up on the students a year after the courses.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Climate Modeling

This special issue on climate modeling presents a snapshot of some of the researchscientists are conducting to improve our climate modeling capabilities. We present articles on promising atmospheric and ocean models, meshing issues for geophysicalapplications, implementation on distributed computer architectures, atmospheric-chemistry models, and the testing and evaluation of models.These articles, taken together, provide a good indication of the problems facing climate modelers today andsome of the solutions they are pursuing.
Bending properties, porosity, and ash fraction of black bear (Ursus americanus) cortical bone are not compromised with aging despite annual periods of disuse.

Abstract In many species, including humans, disuse causes an imbalance in bone remodeling that leads to increased bone porosity as a result of increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. However, black bears (Ursus americanus) may not develop disuse osteopenia, to the extent that other animals do, during long periods of disuse (i.e. hibernation) because they maintain osteoblastic bone formation during hibernation, even though bone resorption is increased during hibernation. Black bears may also have a mechanism to rapidly and completely recover the bone lost (by increased resorption during hibernation) during their remobilization period. Our findings suggest that cortical bone bending strength (211–328 MPa), bending modulus (16.0–29.5 MPa), fracture energy (0.0118–0.0205 J mm −2 ), porosity (2.3–7.1%), and ash fraction (0.638–0.672) are not compromised with age in black bears, despite annual periods of disuse. In fact, the ultimate strength ( p =0.01), modulus ( p =0.04), and ash fraction ( p =0.03) of cortical bone were shown to significantly increase with age (2–14 yrs). Female bears give birth and nurse during hibernation; however, we found no significant ( p >0.16) differences between male and female bone properties. Other animals require remobilization periods 2–3 times longer than the immobilization period to recover the bone lost during disuse. Our findings support the idea that black bears, which hibernate 5–7 months annually, have evolved a biological mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of disuse on bone porosity and mechanical behavior.
Optical absorption spectra of reduced transition-metal ion-doped SrTiO3

Abstract The optical absorption spectra of SrTiO 3 doped with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni have been measured as a function of reduction temperature. The high-temperature reduced state was frozen in the crystal by rapid quenching to room temperature. Low-temperature reduction ≲ 1100°C generally produces low valency states of the dopants, but at higher reduction temperatures totally different absorption spectra are produed. These spectra are thought to be intimately related to some aggregation of the high density of oxygen vacancies produced upon high-temperature reduction.
Poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activation mediates pulmonary microvascular and intestinal mucosal dysfunction in endotoxin shock.

Abstract Endotoxin shock is known to impair critical cellular functions and is associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction. Recent in vitro and vivo studies demonstrated that oxidants produced during shock and inflammation trigger the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), resulting in intracellular energetic failure and tissue dysfunction. Here we examined the role of PARS activation in the development of barrier dysfunction of the intestine and lung during endotoxemia in rats. Ileal mucosal permeability was assessed by the measurement of the lumen to plasma directional passage of the hydrophil solute sodium fluorescein. Microvascular permeability in the lung was examined by the measurement of the extravasation of Evans blue. Inhibition of PARS was achieved by treating the animals with 3-aminobenzamide 30 min prior and 3 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection (10 mg kg ). Endotoxemia ( E. coli bacterial lipopolysaccharide, 5–10 mg kg ) resulted in an increased epithelial permeability in the ileum and a microvascular hyperpermeability and neutrophil accumulation in the lung in 6 hr. The PARS inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperpermeability in both organs, without affecting neutrophil deposition. Thus, PARS activation plays a role in mediating endothelial and epithelial dysfunction and hyperpermeability during endotoxin shock.