cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L'effet de p53 sur la radiosensibilité des cellules humaines normales et cancéreuses

La radiosensibilite des fibroblastes diploides humains est liee a l'expression de p53, et a la perte de cellules en cycle resultant d'un arret irreversible en phase G 1 ; dans les cellules n'ayant pas une fonction p53 normale, on ne constate aucun arret, et elles sont plus radio-resistantes. Dans des conditions favorables a la reparation de lesions potentiellement lethales dues a l'irradiation, la proportion de cellules bloquees en phase G 1 baisse, et les chances de survie sont accrues. Bien differente est la reaction des cellules cancereuses humaines. Le blocage par irradiation en phase G 1 est minime ou inexistant dans les cellules cancereuses p53+, et la perte de la fonction normale p53 n'a pas d'effet constant sur leur radiosensibilite. Ces resultats laissent penser que l'expression de p53 n'est pas un indice fiable permettant de prevoir la reaction des tumeurs solides a la radiotherapie.
The PSR control system

Abstract We have essentially completed the control system for the Proton Storage Ring at Los Alamos and, at present, are applying modifications required in the light of machine physics and operating experience. We describe here in some detail the present design of the system and indicate future planned modifications.
Female Preference for Male Lateral Projection Area in the Shortfin Molly, Poecilia mexicana: Evidence for a Pre-existing Bias in Sexual Selection

Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) males possess a large dorsal fin (sailfin) and perform an elaborate courtship display. Females prefer to associate and mate with males of greater body and sailfin size. Evidence supports a single origin for the sailfin species complex from a shortfin ancestor. Unlike sailfin species, males of the shortfin species complex are sexually monomorphic in fin size and exhibit little or no courtship behavior. In this study, we tested the pre-existing bias and lateral projection area (LPA) hypotheses for sexual selection by examining female mating preferences in the shortfin molly, P. mexicana. Specifically, we presented females with pairs of dummy males differing in: (1) dorsal fin and body size together (holding fin:body size ratio constant); (2) body size (holding dorsal fin size constant); (3) dorsal fin size (holding body size constant); and dorsal fin:body size ratio (holding total LPA constant). Females spent more time near dummies of greater body and dorsal fin size. The preference functions based on the first three sets of stimuli showed a similar pattern: the greater the LPA difference between paired dummies, the stronger the preference for the larger of the two. However, in the fourth experiment, neither fin size, body size, nor any particular dorsal fin + body size combination was preferred. These findings support the LPA hypothesis suggesting that increased LPA is more stimulating to sexually receptive females and that females consequently prefer larger males. Moreover, these data are consistent with results obtained in an identical series of experiments conducted on P. latipinna. The preference for increased male dorsal fin size/LPA by both female P. latipinna and P. mexicana supports the pre-existing bias hypothesis. Thus, a bias for increased male LPA and consequent selection for enlarged dorsal fins may have preceded the appearance of the sailfin trait within the Molliensia lineage.
Ballistic energy transport via perfluoroalkane linkers

Abstract Intramolecular energy transport in a series of perfluoroalkane oligomers with various chain lengths of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 carbon atoms terminated by a carboxylic acid moiety on one end and –CF 2 H group on another end is studied by relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. Perfluoroalkane oligomers adopt an extended structure with antiperiplanar orientation of the neighboring carbon atoms. The energy transport initiated by exciting the C O stretching mode of the acid was recorded by measuring a cross-peak amplitude between the C O stretch and the C–H bending mode as a function of the waiting time between the excitation and probing. A linear dependence of energy transport time vs. chain length is found, which suggests a ballistic energy transport mechanism. The energy transport speed, measured from the chain-length dependence of the half-rise time, T ½ , was found to be ca. 1150 m/s, which is close to the longitudinal speed of sound in Teflon polymers.
Monitoring vaginal epithelial thickness changes noninvasively in sheep using optical coherence tomography

Objective High-resolution optical coherence tomography can be used noninvasively to evaluate vaginal morphologic features, including epithelial thickness, to assess this protective barrier in transmission of sexually transmitted infections and to monitor tissue response to topical medications and hormonal fluctuations. We examined the use of optical coherence tomography to measure epithelial thickness noninvasively before and after topical treatment with a drug that causes epithelial thinning. Study Design Twelve female sheep were treated with intravaginal placebo (n = 4) or nonoxynol-9 (n = 8). Vaginal optical coherence tomography images were obtained before and 24 hours after treatment. Four sheep in the nonoxynol-9 group were also examined on days 3 and 7. Vaginal biopsies were obtained on the last examination day. Epithelial thickness was measured in optical coherence tomography images and in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections from biopsies. Statistical analysis was performed using analyses of variance (significance P Results Baseline optical coherence tomography epithelial thickness measurements were similar (85 ± 19 μm placebo, 78 ± 20 μm nonoxynol-9; P = .52). Epithelial thinning was significant after nonoxynol-9 (32 ± 22 μm) compared with placebo (80 ± 15 μm) 24 hours after treatment ( P P = .98 nonoxynol-9, P = .93 hydroxyethyl cellulose). Conclusion Drug-induced changes in the epithelium were clearly detectable using optical coherence tomography imaging. Optical coherence tomography and histology epithelial thickness measurements were similar, validating optical coherence tomography as a noninvasive method for epithelial thickness measurement, providing an important tool for quantitative and longitudinal monitoring of vaginal epithelial changes.
Erratum: Analysis and synthesis of matrix transfer functions using the new block-state equations in block-tridiagonal forms

A new block-Routh array with block-Routh algorithm is developed to extract the greatest common matrix polynomial of two matrix polynomials that are not coprime, and to construct a block-transformation matrix that transforms a block-state equation from a block-companion form to a block-tridiagonal form. The newly developed block-state equation in the block-tridiagonal form is a minimal realisation of a matrix-transfer function. Also, the block-state equation is used to synthesise a driving-point impedance matrix. A stability criterion is then derived to test the stability of a class of matrix transfer functions.
Insulin receptor: evidence that it is a protein kinase

Highly purified preparations of insulin receptor catalyzed the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of the insulin receptor. This subunit of the insulin receptor was also labeled with [alpha-32P]8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate, a photoaffinity label for adenosine triphosphate binding sites. The identity of the 95,000-dalton band was confirmed in both cases by precipitation with a monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor. These results suggest that the insulin receptor is itself a protein kinase.
Rheology of Pharmaceutical Systems: Oscillatory and Steady Shear of Non-Newtonian Viscoelastic Liquids

A comparative analysis of oscillatory and steady shear rate measurements was made on carboxymethylcellulose solutions of two concentrations and two viscosity grades. In the oscillatory methods, the material is examined under nearly quiescent equilibrium conditions. Steady shear, conversely, produces large deformations and may yield false results, often interpreted as thixotropy, if the shear rate experiment is not conducted properly. Solutions of carboxymethylcellulose at concentrations ordinarily used in drug product formulations were examined by oscillatory and steady shear methods at low shear. Viscoelastic properties of pharmaceutical materials were measured using a newly developed oscillometric instrument. Mathematical expressions, formulated on the basis of a generalized Maxwell model for viscoelasticity and viscosity in steady shear, were correlated using these two rheological test methods. The results showed large increases in viscosity and relaxation time with increasing carboxymethylcellulose concentrations as well as with increasing molecular weights of the polymeric solute. The behavior of carboxymethylcellulose under both oscillatory and steady shear agreed with theory, linking the two methods of testing. Applications in pharmacy to this rheological analysis are presented. The present investigation attempted to bridge the gap between oscillatory and steady shear methods, demonstrating how both can find appropriate use in the analysis of non-Newtonian materials of pharmaceutical importance.
Aureole deposits of the Martian volcano Olympus Mons

The large shield volcano Olympus Mons has an aureole of grooved terrain that has been the subject of much controversy since it was first seen on Mariner 9 pictures. Various origins have been proposed for the aureole of grooved terrain. Each of the proposed origins attempts to explain certain aspects of the aureole; none satisfactorily explains all of the observed relations of the deposits to one another and to Olympus Mons. In connection with the present investigation, the proposal is made that the aureole deposits were formed by a series of great pyroclastic eruptions from several vents, fissures, or cauldrons. They occurred near the site of Olympus Mons but were emplaced prior to its construction. At least six major eruptions of pyroclastic material may have occurred.
Robotic lake lander test bed for autonomous surface and subsurface exploration of Titan lakes

We introduce a robotic lake lander test bed that can be operated either stand-alone or as part of a Tier-Scalable Reconnaissance mission architecture to study and field test an integrated hardware and software framework for fully autonomous surface and subsurface exploration and navigation of liquid bodies. The lake lander is equipped with both surface and subsurface sensor technologies. Our particular focus is on Saturn's moon Titan with its hydrocarbon lakes with respect to future missions involving lake landers (e.g., Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) mission), potentially in conjunction with balloons/airships and orbiter-support overhead. This test bed serves as an analog to a Titan unpiloted surface vessel equipped with its own onboard realtime navigation and hazard avoidance system, surface and subsurface exploration sensor suite, and autonomous science investigation software system. As such the test bed helps map out a technical path toward true autonomy for the robotic exploration of the Solar System.
Computing finite commutative semigroups: Part III

New precedence results are obtained for semigroups without zero, which describe the first row in detail and provide effective comparisons with the next few rows. These results can be used to further sharpen existing algorithms for the computation of finite commutative semigroups.
Antiendothelial cell antibodies mediate enhanced leukocyte adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells through a novel mechanism requiring cooperation between FcγRIIa and CXCR1/2

Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) are commonly detectable in diseases associated with vascular injury, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, Wegener granulomatosis, Behcet syndrome, and transplant arteriosclerosis. Here, we explore the hypothesis that these antibodies might augment polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to endothelium in inflammation. Initially, we established that a mouse IgG mAb bound to endothelial cells (ECs) significantly increased PMN adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelium in an FcgammaRIIa-dependent manner. Neutralizing antibodies, and adenoviral transduction of resting ECs, demonstrated that the combination of E-selectin, CXCR1/2, and beta(2) integrins is both necessary and sufficient for this process. We observed an identical mechanism using AECA IgG isolated directly from patients with SLE. Assembled immune complexes also enhanced PMN adhesion to endothelium, but, in contrast to adhesion because of AECAs, this process did not require CXCR1/2, was not inhibited by pertussis toxin, and was FcgammaRIIIb rather than FcgammaRIIa dependent. These data are the first to demonstrate separate nonredundant FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb-mediated mechanisms by which EC-bound monomeric IgG and assembled immune complexes amplify leukocyte adhesion under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, the observation that FcgammaRIIa and CXCR1/2 cooperate to enhance PMN recruitment in the presence of AECAs suggests a mechanism whereby AECAs may augment tissue injury during inflammatory responses.
SU‐FF‐J‐124: When Do We Need to Consider Motion Management During Treatment of Mobile Lesions?

Purpose: To evaluate the range of motion threshold, and its relation to the lesion size, requiring motion‐managed treatment delivery for lungtumors.Method and Materials: A lung patient CT scan with volume of both lungs ∼5000 cm3 was considered. Spheres with pre‐specified radii were auto‐contoured in one of the lungs as static PTVs (sPTV). Imposing motion on a spherical sPTV in the superior‐inferior direction generated a cigar‐shaped, motion‐inclusive, PTV (miPTV). A single dynamic arc of 230°, 6 MV photons, was used for IMRT optimization. Three different prescription levels were considered − 60 Gy, 70 Gy, and 80 Gy. Each prescription required that 95% of the PTV (sPTV or miPTV) receives the prescription dose with standard deviation of the dose below 3%. For a given sPTV radius the range of motion was increased until OAR DVH constraints were violated. The OAR constraints were: dose to 1% of the cord less than 45 Gy, dose to 33% of the heart less than 45 Gy, and dose to 20% and 30% of the lungs less than 30 Gy and 20 Gy, respectively. Treatment plans for 8 different sPTV radii were generated for each prescription level. The ranges of tumor motion ranged from 0 to over 3 cm. Results: Three look‐up curves, outlining the sPTVs sphere sizes as a function of the range of motion, were generated. In addition, analytic fits to those curves were computed. The correlation coefficients for the fits were greater than 0.99 for all three curves. Similar data relating the absolute lesion volume as a function of the range of motion were also generated.Conclusions: The motion management threshold of 0.5 cm found in the literature is reasonable, although in some cases, depending on the original static sPTV size, it might be too restrictive.
Dilution-induced order in quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets.

We consider a quasi-one-dimensional spin-S quantum antiferromagnet as a function of dilution x. We show that in some regimes, dilution suppresses quantum fluctuations. For small enough interchain coupling and integer S, the ground state is disordered for x=0, but antiferromagnetically ordered for xg${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{c}}$. We estimate that for large S, ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is exponentially small. This is a novel diffusion-induced ordering transition.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Quaternary Systems: Oil/Brine/Surfactant/Alcohol

Surfactant flooding for EOR results in multiphase oil/brine/surfactant/alcohol mixtures. Because alcohol and surfactant do not partition among the phases in constant proportion, thermodynamic modeling of quaternary systems is necessary in an accurate treatment of phase equilibria in these systems. We describe here the quaternary version of a free-energy-based equation of state (EOS). The systematic computation of phase equilibria in a quaternary system begins on the binary edges and ternary faces and proceeds by numerical continuation through the higher dimensional composition space. We expedite the computation with knowledge of the limits of thermodynamic stability--the spinodal surfaces--and all critical points that lie on those surfaces. This preliminary calculation indicates those regions in which solution of the nonlinear equations of phase equilibria will suffer from slow numerical convergence. Multiphase equilibria are searched out by both parametric and compositional continuation. The results provide the basis for understanding the trends of three- and four-phase equilibria in oil/brine/surfactant/alcohol mixtures.
Quantum effects and optimization of heterodyne detection

We review the classical and the quantum aspects of the noise behaviour of heterodyne detection, making connections among quantum noise in heterodyne receivers, the uncertainty principle, and the concept of electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations as a description of that noise.
Characterizing Fenbuconazole and Propiconazole Sensitivity and Prevalence of ‘Mona’ in Isolates of Monilinia fructicola from New York

Abstract Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) resistant populations of Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruit, and the presence of the genetic DMI resistance determinant ‘Mona’ have been reported throughout the eastern United States. In this study, we endeavored to conduct a comprehensive investigation of DMI sensitivity, the prevalence of ‘Mona’, and implications of DMI use for M. fructicola populations from New York and Pennsylvania. Of the 18 orchards surveyed, only 9 were primarily composed of isolates with either resistance or reduced sensitivity to fenbuconazole and propiconazole. The DMI resistance determinant ‘Mona’ was only found in 5 orchards, present in isolates with a range of sensitivity phenotypes, and not always present in resistant isolates. These results suggested that ‘Mona’ only contributes to a portion of the quantitative resistance response to DMI fungicides. On detached blossoms and fruit, protective applications of fenbuconazole (Indar 2F) against isolates with ...
Gene action on proliferation and migration in the developing neural crest of black and white axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw.

The mitotic index of the neural crest and its derivatives in situ was determined in serially-sectioned embryos of the black (DD or Dd) and white (dd) strains of the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw, to see whether the differences between the strains in the number and distribution of their initial complement of melanophores could be causally related to differences in the pattern of development of their respective neural crests. Prior to and during the initial appearance of melanophores, the mitotic index of the neural crest in situ in the black axolotl is significantly greater than in the white. Concommitantly, there are more crest cells in the black than in the white prior to crest cell migration. However, during the periods of maximum crest cell migration and initial appearance of melanophores, there are significantly more crest cells in situ in the white than in the black. These crest cells in situ in the white are clumped together mid-dorsal to the neural tube, while in the black they show the dispersion typical of migrating crest cells. Following the initial appearance of melanophores, there are no differences between the strains in the number of melanophores dorsal to the neural tube and somites, but there are significantly more crest-derived cells in this area in the black than in the white. The latter difference between the strains may be causally related to the significantly greater number of cells in the early spinal ganglia of the black axolotl than in the white.
Design of an acoustic metamaterial lens using genetic algorithms

The present work demonstrates a genetic algorithm approach to optimizing the effective material parameters of an acoustic metamaterial. The target device is an acoustic gradient index (GRIN) lens in air, which ideally possesses a maximized index of refraction, minimized frequency dependence of the material properties, and minimized acoustic impedance mismatch. Applying this algorithm results in complex designs with certain common features, and effective material properties that are better than those present in previous designs. After modifying the optimized unit cell designs to make them suitable for fabrication, a two-dimensional lens was built and experimentally tested. Its performance was in good agreement with simulations. Overall, the optimization approach was able to improve the refractive index but at the cost of increased frequency dependence. The optimal solutions found by the algorithm provide a numerical description of how the material parameters compete with one another and thus describes the level of performance achievable in the GRIN lens.
Formalization of computer input and output: the Hadley model

Current digital evidence acquisition tools are effective, but are tested rather than formally proven correct. We assert that the forensics community will benefit in evidentiary ways and the scientific community will benefit in practical ways by moving beyond simple testing of systems to a formal model. To this end, we present a hierarchical model of peripheral input to and output from von Neumann computers, patterned after the Open Systems Interconnection model of networking. The Hadley model categorizes all components of peripheral input and output in terms of data flow; with constructive aspects concentrated in the data flow between primary memory and the computer sides of peripherals' interfaces. The constructive domain of Hadley is eventually expandable to all areas of the I/O hierarchy, allowing for a full view of peripheral input and output and enhancing the forensics community's capabilities to analyze, obtain, and give evidentiary force to data.
Bitterness-Modifying Properties of Hop Polyphenols Extracted from Spent Hop Material

A polyphenolic extract was produced from spent Galena hop material and added to a low-bitterness, commercial lager beer at three levels (+0, +100, and +200 mg/L) along with iso-α-acids from a preis...
Antibiotic Tolerance of Staphylococcus epidermidis

The phenomenon of antibiotic tolerance was studied in 50 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood cultures. The antibiotics used for study were methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefazolin and vancomycin. The MICs and MBCs were determined in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) after incubation at 24 and 48 h at 37°C. Tolerance was defined as the MBC/MIC ratio of ≥16. About one third of the strains were tolerant to vancomycin and another one third were tolerant to multiple betalactam antibiotics. However, cross tolerance between vancomycin and betalactam antibiotics occurred very infrequently (4 strains). Tolerance was demonstrated for some strains in both MHB and BHI. Other strains were tolerant only in MHB or BHI. Similarly, some strains were tolerant at both 24 and 48 h. However, many strains were tolerant only at 24 and not at 48 h.
The bonding mechanism at bimetallic interface: Pd/Ta(110)

Abstract The mechanism responsible for bimetallic bonding in Pd/Ta(110) is investigated using the local density full potential linearized augmented plane wave method with the atomic force approach. A multilayer relaxation in Ta(110) is found to be removed by the Pd adlayer. Charge transfer from the Pd layer to the Ta(110) substrate and the resulting potential barrier in the interfacial region are found to play a significant role. The calculated bonding energy (79 kcal/mol) and the energy shift of the Pd 3d 5 2 core state from that on the clean Pd(001) surface (0.65 eV) agrees well with recent experiments of Goodman et al.
Laboratory Tests of 55 Insecticides on Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth Larvae

Fifty-five insecticides were tested for their toxicity to larvae of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Hemercampa pseudotsugata McDunnough. The 10 most active insecticides in descending order of average toxicity at LD90 were: pyrethrins, Dursban® ( O, O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate), dichlorvos, GC-6506 (dimethyl p-(methythio) phenyl phosphate), aminocarb, tetramethrin, allethrin, Bayer 37298 ( O -ethyl 0-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate), and DDT. Four of the 10 insecticides–pyrethrins, Dursban, Zectran. And DDT–have been field-tested recently with varying results. Several insecticides were examined in the laboratory in more detail in different formulations for such characteristics as rate of toxic action and residual activity.
Formulation and characterization of a compacted multiparticulate system for modified release of water-soluble drugs--part 1--acetaminophen.

The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate a modified release, multiparticulate tablet formulation consisting of placebo beads and drug-loaded beads. Acetaminophen (APAP) bead formulations containing ethylcellulose (EC) from 40–60% and placebo beads containing 30% calcium silicate and prepared using 0–20% alcohol were developed using extrusion–spheronization and studied using a central composite experimental design. Particle size and true density of beads were measured. Segregation testing was performed using the novel ASTM D6940-04 method on a 50:50 blend of uncoated APAP beads (60%EC) : calcium silicate placebo beads (10% alcohol). Tablets were prepared using an instrumented Stokes-B2 rotary tablet press and evaluated for crushing strength and dissolution rate. Compared with drug beads (60%EC), placebo beads (10% alcohol) were smaller but had higher true densities: 864.8 μm and 1.27 g/cm3, and 787.1 μm and 1.73 g/cm3, respectively. Segregation testing revealed that there was approximately a ...
The nature of an electron sheath in steady-state, low-pressure plasma

Summary form only given. Electron sheaths are electric fields that form near plasma boundaries to preserve quasineutrality in the bulk plasma by reducing the positive ion current lost to a boundary. Previous conjectures hypothesize that electron sheath formation near a positive anode is a solution to the current balance when the ratio of the anode area, Aa, to the chamber wall area, Aw, is less than the square root of the ion to electron mass ratio, Aa/A w<(me/mi)1/2. However, we show that the general nature of an electron sheath exhibits a potential dip which allows the electron sheath solution for a larger anode than is predicted by this relationship. Potential dips have been observed in electron sheaths, but were attributed to an ion pumping mechanism to an insulator present near the probe. We show that the dip is necessary even when no insulator is present and that the ion pumping needed for a steady-state potential well to exist is provided naturally by the plasma potential adjusting to decrease from the well bottom to the chamber wall. Data were taken for low-pressure argon plasma generated by hot filaments and confined in a multidipole chamber. Bulk plasma density, electron temperature and potential were measured with a planar Langmuir probe. Plasma potential profiles in the sheath regions were measured with an emissive probe operated in the limit of zero emission
Evaluation of a single-step multiplex RT-PCR for influenza virus type and subtype detection in respiratory samples.

A single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus type and subtypes was evaluated for its use in clinical specimens. One part of each specimen was tested using an established standard culture and/or monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence assay method, and the other part was tested by the multiplex RT-PCR method for the presence or absence of the influenza virus, and its type and subtype. Sixty-seven specimens were examined. The results revealed a strong agreement between the data obtained by the established method and those obtained by the multiplex RT-PCR.
E‐prints, institutional archives, and metadata: disseminating scholarly literature to the masses

E‐print servers, once the exclusive domain of physicists, have permeated many academic disciplines, and threaten to revolutionize the scholarly publishing industry. This article explores the history and maturation of e‐print servers, institutional archiving, and the role metadata plays in retrieving information from these repositories. The article highlights Project RoMEO and the Metadata Harvesting Protocol of the Open Archives Initiative.
Traumatic Bilateral Jugular Vein Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) with associated elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a rare complication of central venous catheterization but has not been reported as a result of blunt trauma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old male patient was observed to be obtunded after an assault. The initial examination was remarkable for somnolence, bruising of the anterior neck, and diffuse, edematous swelling of the face and scalp. The results of computed tomography of the brain were normal. An angiogram obtained on the 2nd hospital day to rule out carotid injury revealed bilateral IJV thromboses to the cranial base. An ICP monitor was placed with an opening pressure of 33 mm Hg. The central venous pressure was measured to be 9 mm Hg. A catheter was passed through the left IJV thrombus and into the sigmoid sinus, where the pressure was 17 mm Hg. INTERVENTION: An intravascular stent was deployed in the left IJV. ICP rapidly normalized. A regimen of coumadin was administered to the patient for 6 weeks, at which time the stent remained patent. CONCLUSION: We conclude that traumatic jugular vein thrombosis can be associated with significant elevation in ICP and that treatment with an endovascular stent can affect the rapid correction of intracranial hypertension in patients who are candidates for anticoagulation.
Marketing executive development in a changing world: the needed executive skills

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges and marketing executive development needs of the future as revealed in surveys of senior marketing executives, chief marketing officers and CEOs of major corporations in the USA and globally. Design/methodology/approach – A historical analysis of the marketing function, its importance and emerging needs was conducted. Findings – Within this paper, the two questions of key importance that will be explored to manage marketing in tomorrow's world are as follows: what emerging trends present challenges to the marketing executive of the future? And what skills and knowledge trends and changes demand that the effective marketing executive acquire? The conclusion of this study indicate that the marketing executive of the future must have the needed skills in managing innovation and change, educating and developing leaders, understand technology, formulate and implement strategy, apply new leadership concepts, collaborate with government, anticipat...
Ion induced metastable phases

We have investigated the formation of crystalline, metastable phases in metallic alloy systems by use of ion beam mixing techniques. Equilibrium phases with two atoms/cell such as CsCl structures or solid solutions can be formed as well as metastable amorphous alloys. Al-based alloys Al/Pd, Al/Fe and Al/Zr represent examples of systems which exhibit different behavior under irradiation. Extended solid solutions and CsCl structures are formed in Pd/Al. Both Al/Fe and Al/Zr at compositions of 80 at.% Al form amorphous alloys under room temperature irradiation and transform to metastable structures under elevated temperature ion irradiation or thermal annealing. Al 80 Fe 20 transforms to the quasicrystalline icosahedral phase and Al 80 Zr 20 to an ordered cubic. Both systems transform to the stable phase Al 3 M when annealed at 400°C. Further, irradiation of multilayer structures at 200°C results in a direct transformation to the metastable phase.
P-median problems with edge reduction

This paper presents a variation on the reverse p-median problem that does not require that the facilities are placed as an input to the problem. The variation, which will be referred to as the p-median problem with edge reduction, requires solving the p-median problem and the reverse p-median problem together. This paper presents a series of algorithms for solving the 1- and 2-median problems with edge reduction on trees. For the 1-median on a tree, where the location problem can be solved in O(n) time and the reverse problem in O(n log n) time, an algorithm is presented to solve the combined problem in O(n log n) time as well. The 2-median combined problem on a tree, for which each individual problem requires O(n log n) time, can be solved in O(n2 log n) time.
POTENTIAL ROLE OF REL/NUCLEAR FACTOR-kappa B IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

AbstractPurpose: Despite assertive investigation in the last 2 decades, interstitial cystitis remains an unresolved problem in clinical urology, and its etiology and the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are still a matter of conjecture. Recently nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, and is thought to be a key regulator of genes involved in response to infection, inflammation and stress. We document the presence, pattern and distribution of NF-kappa B in bladder biopsies from patients with interstitial cystitis.Materials and Methods: Bladder biopsies from 7 women clinically diagnosed with interstitial cystitis according to National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria and 5 women diagnosed with urinary incontinence were used for immunohistochemical localization of p65, an NF-kappa B subunit.Results: Our immunohistochemical localization experiments indicate that NF-kappa B was predominantly activated in bladder urothelial cells ...
SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAMS—OIL SPILL SIMULATION EXERCISES AND A TANK TRUCK ROLLOVER TRAINING COURSE

ABSTRACT This paper assesses the general needs for training oil spill response teams and training in the safe handling of tank truck rollovers. Texas A&M University's new oil spill simulation exercise and tank truck rollover training course provide examples of such training programs. Background information, curriculum design and development, course objectives and goals, and training techniques and equipment are reviewed. The steps in preparing an oil spill simulation exercise, examples of a general spill scenario and information cards, and the basic simulation format and ground rules are described. For the Tank Truck Rollover Training Course, special modifications were made to an MC-306 tank truck, and the hands-on training exercise emphasizes safety considerations and offloading procedures for handling rollover. Discussions of specialized equipment and training techniques for handling rollovers are enhanced by photographs. Adjustments to and adaptations of each program are discussed and future growth and...
Stability Indicating HPLC Assay of Propranolol for Transdermal Permeation Study

Abstract A stability indicating reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of propranolol (PP) was developed. The assay enabled the quantitation of PP in both diffusate and human skin extract samples of permeation study, at as low as 0.1 μg/ml with a signal noise ratio of 7. Baseline resolution of PP from internal standard, Verapamil (VRP) and degraded products was achieved with a cyano column and a mobile phase of 47% acetonitrile in water with 5 mM heptane sulfonic acid as the ion pairing agent. The linear range was established at 0.5–10 μg/ml, and 1–15 μg/ml, for diffusate and skin extract samples, respectively. The assay was reproducible with low within-day (2.2 and 8.8 % for diffusate and skin extract, respectively) and between-day (2.2 and 7.7%, respectively) variations. The applicability of the assay for transdermal permeation studies of PPHC1 and PP was demonstrated.
Sorption equilibrium of a solid desiccant felt and the effect of sorption properties on a cooled-bed desiccant cooling system

Abstract The equilibrium sorption isotherms of a silica gel matrix manufactured in the form of a desiccant felt are experimentally determined as a function of temperature and relative humidity. Using the data, the differential heat of sorption and the integral heat of wetting are calculated. These results then are used as property data in a numerical model of the nonlinear heat and mass transfer processes that occur in a cooled-bed, desiccant dehumidifier which is the principal component of a low temperature (i.e. typically 60–65°C) thermally activated desiccant cooling system. Using the numerical model, the effect of variations in the equilibrium isotherm shape and the heat of sorption on the performance of the desiccant cooling system are also documented.
Spectrum for the allen-chan, chan-hillard, and phase-field equations for generic interfaces

(1994). Spectrum for the allen-chan, chan-hillard, and phase-field equations for generic interfaces. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 19, No. 7-8, pp. 1371-1395.
Transient Ionizing Radiation Effects on Baritt Diode Oscillators

The performance of a variety of IMPATT diode oscillators has been measured under transient ionizing radiation conditions, and the results of a large signal model which agrees with experiment are presented. Five hundred milliwatt cw diode oscillators (silicon and gallium arsenide with various types of avalanching junctions) were exposed to 100 nanosecond pulses of 10 MeV electrons at dose rates between 2 × 108 and 8 × 109 rads/sec. With these oscillators, the RF power is reduced at increasing dose rates and is quenched entirely during the radiation pulse at a dose rate dependent upon the DC bias current (greater than 5 × 109 rads/sec for 500 mW oscillators in vacuum). With diodes open to air, oscillators in low Q cavities were quenched during the radiation pulse with a total dose of 500 rads. The results of a large signal theory including the effects of leakage current are presented that agree well with the RF power decrease during irradiation.
Low-dose oral amiodarone prophylaxis reduces atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection increases morbidity and costs. To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose oral amiodarone (LDOA) as prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection, we reviewed all patients 60 years or older having pulmonary resections by thoracotomy in a 30-month period. Methods We identified 31 patients who received prophylactic LDOA (200 mg by mouth every 8 hours) while hospitalized and 52 patients who received no prophylactic treatment. The groups were comparable for sex, age, comorbidities, and surgical procedure. Results Twenty of 83 patients (24%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation: 17 of 52 patients (33%) without prophylaxis and 3 of 31 (9.7%) with prophylaxis (odds ratio, 0.221; 95% confidence interval, 0.059 to 0.829; p = 0.0253). The median total hospital charge was $30,800 (range, $20,400–$96,900) for 50 patients without prophylaxis and $26,700 (range, $11,000–$55,900) for 31 patients with prophylaxis (p = not significant). Patients receiving LDOA had lower accumulated charges per day of hospital stay (p = 0.0011). Conclusions LDOA prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection. Its use in this population may be cost-effective. Results of this pilot study provide a rationale for a prospective randomized trial.
Disturbing trends: The epidemiology of pediatric emergency medical services use

OBJECTIVE: To compare pediatric ambulance patients transported for chief complaints of suicide, assault, alcohol, and drug intoxication (SAAD) with pediatric patients transported for all other chief complaints. METHODS: An out-of-hospital database for the primary transporting service in an urban area was analyzed for patients 0-20 years of age from 1992 to 1995. Chief complaints by age, gender, and billing status were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 17,722 transports. The SAAD group comprised 14.9% of all transports (suicide attempt 1.6%, assault 5.9%, alcohol intoxication 3.2%, and drug abuse 4.2%). The proportion of transports due to SAAD increased with age: 0-11-year-olds (4.2%); 11-16-year-olds (17.5%); and 17-20-year-olds (20.3%) (p = 0.0001). Genders were equally represented in the overall group, while males comprised 52.6% of the SAAD transports (p = 0.032). In the SAAD group, the majority of transports for assaults (55.9%) and alcohol (58.8%) involved males, while females were the majority in transports for suicide (52.3%) and drug abuse (66%) (p = 0.0001). Reimbursement sources differed, with those in the SAAD group less likely to be reimbursed by private or public (Medicaid, government) insurance (p Language: en
Single-Layer Group-III Monochalcogenide Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

The recent synthesis of single-layer GaS and GaSe opens the question of stability for other single-layer group-III monochalcogenides (MX, M = Ga and In, X = S, Se, and Te) and how the dimension reduction affects the properties of these materials. Using a first-principles design approach, we determine that the single-layer group-III monochalcogenides exhibit low formation energies and are suitable for photocatalytic water splitting. First, density-functional calculations using a van der Waals functional reveal that the monochalcogenides have formation energies similar to that of single-layer MoS2, implying the ease of mechanically extracting single-layer monochalcogenides from their layered bulk counterparts. Next, calculations using a hybrid density functional and the quasiparticle many-body G0W0 approximation determine the conduction and valence band edge positions. Comparing the band edge positions with the redox potentials of water shows that single-layer monochalcogenides are potential photocatalysts ...
An open port sampling interface for liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

RATIONALE: A simple method to introduce unprocessed samples into a solvent for rapid characterization by liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry has been lacking. The continuous flow, self-cleaning open port sampling interface introduced here fills this void. METHODS: The open port sampling interface used a vertically aligned, co-axial tube arrangement enabling solvent delivery to the sampling end of the device through the tubing annulus and solvent aspiration down the center tube and into the mass spectrometer ionization source via the commercial APCI emitter probe. The solvent delivery rate to the interface was set to exceed the aspiration rate creating a continuous sampling interface along with a constant, self-cleaning spillover of solvent from the top of the probe. RESULTS: Using the open port sampling interface with positive ion mode APCI and a hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer, rapid, direct sampling and analysis possibilities are exemplified with plastics, ballpoint and felt tip ink pens, skin, and vegetable oils. These results demonstrated that the open port sampling interface could be used as a simple, versatile and self-cleaning system to rapidly introduce multiple types of unprocessed, sometimes highly concentrated and complex, samples into a solvent flow stream for subsequent ionization andmore » analysis by mass spectrometry. The basic setup presented here could be incorporated with any self-aspirating liquid introduction ionization source (e.g., ESI, APCI, APPI, ICP, etc.) or any type of atmospheric pressure sampling ready mass spectrometer system. CONCLUSIONS: The open port sampling interface provides a means to introduce and quickly analyze unprocessed solid or liquid samples with liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization source without fear of sampling interface or ionization source contamination.« less
The Hydrodynamically Relevant Endothelial Cell Glycocalyx Observed In Vivo Is Absent In Vitro

In recent years, the endothelial cell surface glycocalyx has emerged as a structure of fundamental importance to a broad range of phenomena that determine cardiovascular health and disease. This new understanding of the functional significance of the glycocalyx has been made possible through recently developed experimental techniques using intravital microscopy that are capable of directly probing the glycocalyx in vivo. Using fluorescent microparticle image velocimetry in venules and endothelialized cylindrical collagen microchannels, we show that the hydrodynamically relevant endothelial cell glycocalyx surface layer observed in microvessels in vivo (0.52±0.28 μm thickness), which is a fundamental determinant of the hydrodynamic and mechanical environment at the endothelial cell surface, is absent from human umbilical vein (0.03±0.04 μm thickness) and bovine aortic (0.02±0.04 μm thickness) endothelial cells grown and maintained under standard cell culture conditions in vitro. An endothelial surface–bound glycosaminoglycan layer, not necessarily indicative of but having similar hydrodynamic properties to the endothelial glycocalyx observed in vivo, was detected (0.21±0.27 μm thickness) only after hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate were added to the cell culture media at hyperphysiological concentrations (0.2 mg/mL perfused for 75 minutes). The implications of this glycocalyx deficiency under standard cell culture conditions in these pervasive in vitro models broadly impact a myriad of studies involving endothelial cell monolayers in which inferences are made that may depend on endothelial cell surface chemistry. In light of these findings, conclusions drawn from such studies in the areas of microvascular permeability, inflammation, mechanotransduction, and atherosclerosis must be carefully reconsidered.
Recurrent pediatric aggressive fibromatosis of the head and neck with vocal cord paralysis: A case report and review

Abstract Aggressive fibrosis (AF), a fibrous tissue proliferation disorder, is rare and benign but locally aggressive and has a high recurrence rate. A 13-year-old boy with a 9-year history of recurrent AF of the neck previously treated by surgery, chemotherapy, Celebrex, Tamoxifen, and Imatinib presented with another recurrence, this time with hoarseness and ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis. The tumor was extensively debulked but complete surgical resection was impossible and tracheostomy was required. Review of the pediatric literature found no previous case of AF with cranial nerve dysfunction. The high morbidity and recalcitrance of AF to numerous treatments warrants further research.
Metal oxide arrays from block copolymer thin film templates

We present a simple, though uncommonly used, method to produce versatile, well-ordered, nanoscale arrays of metal oxides such as MgO, Al2O3, TiO2, MnO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, RuO2, SnO2, or Ce2O3 by decoupling metal oxide precursor incorporation from block copolymer (BCP) template formation. In this work, neat BCP thin films were cast and annealed, using standard techniques, to generate templates. The templates were immersed in a precursor solution and formed metal–polymer complexes in one polymer domain. Finally, the organics were removed in an oxidative environment to leave the templated metal oxides. As a concrete example of the method's applicability, we show that the templating method produced ordered TiO2 arrays that exhibited a 13% increase in photocatalytic activity over TiO2 produced by EISA. Furthermore, the addition of gold nanoparticles further improved photocatalytic activity by 43% on our templated TiO2, whereas gold nanoparticles on EISA TiO2 exhibited no improvement. The simplicity and modularity of the templating method makes it amenable to additional applications in catalysis, optics, and sensors.