cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of reduced-rank STAP

The space-time radar problem is well suited to the application of techniques that take advantage of the low-rank property of the space-time covariance matrix. In particular, it was shown that when the space-time covariance matrix is estimated from a dataset with limited support, reduced-rank methods outperform full-rank space-time adaptive processing (STAP). We study the application of several reduced-rank methods to the STAP problem and demonstrate their utility by simulations in terms of the output signal-to-noise ratio and detection probability. It is shown that reduced-rank processing has two opposite effects on the performance: increased statistical stability which tends to improve performance, and introduction of a bias which lowers the signal-to-noise ratio. Several reduced-rank methods are analyzed and compared for both cases of known and unknown covariance matrix. While the best performance is obtained using transforms based on the eigendecomposition (data dependent), the loss incurred by the application of fixed transforms (such as the discrete cosine transform) is relatively small. The main advantage of fixed transforms is the availability of efficient computational procedures for their implementation. These findings suggest that reduced-rank methods could facilitate the development of practical, real-time STAP technology.
Dust and Smoke Detection for Multi-Channel Imagers

A detection algorithm of dust and smoke for application to satellite multi-channel imagers is introduced in this paper. The algorithm is simple and solely based on spectral and spatial threshold tests along with some uniformity texture. Detailed examinations of the threshold tests are performed along with explanations of the physical basis. The detection is performed efficiently at the pixel level and output is in the form of an index (or flag): 0 (no dust/smoke) and 1 (dust/smoke). The detection algorithm is implemented sequentially and designed to run on segments of data instead of pixel by pixel for efficient processing. MODIS observations are used to test the operation and performance of the algorithm. The algorithm can capture heavy dust and smoke plumes very well over both land and ocean and therefore is used as a global detection algorithm. The method can be applied to any multi-channel imagers with channels at (or close to) 0.47, 0.64, 0.86, 1.38, 2.26, 3.9, 11.0, 12.0 μm (such as current EOS/MODIS and future JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI) for the detection of dust and smoke. It can be used to operationally monitor the outbreak and dispersion of dust storms and smoke plumes that are potentially hazardous to our environment and impact climate.
Is lumbar stenosis associated with thoracic stenosis? A study of 1,072 human cadaveric specimens

Abstract Background context Tandem stenosis of the cervical and lumbar spine is known to occur in 5% to 25% of individuals with symptomatic neural compression in one region. However, the prevalence of concurrent lumbar and thoracic stenosis is not known. Whether this relationship is because of an increased risk of degenerative diseases in these individuals or because of the tandem presence of stenosis in lumbar and thoracic canal is unknown. Purpose To determine the prevalence of concurrent lumbar and thoracic stenosis, and whether the presence of stenosis in the lumbar spine is associated with stenosis in the thoracic spine. Study design A morphoanatomic study of lumbar and thoracic cadaveric spines. Methods One thousand seventy-two adult skeletal specimens from the Hamann-Todd Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were selected. Canal area at each level was also calculated using a geometric formula. A standard distribution for each level was created, and values that were 2 standard deviations below mean were considered as being stenotic. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the additive canal areas at all levels in the lumbar and thoracic spine and between the number of stenotic lumbar and thoracic levels. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for concurrent lumbar and thoracic stenosis. Results The prevalence of concurrent lumbar and thoracic stenosis is 1.42%. A positive association was found between the additive areas of all lumbar and thoracic levels (p Conclusions The stenosis of the lumbar spine is not associated with the thoracic stenosis. Thus, stenosis in lumbar and thoracic levels does not seem to be contributed by tandem stenosis.
THE MEASUREMENT AND OPERATING BENEFITS OF COMPONENT PART COMMONALITY

The product structure is a key input to a material requirements planning system. Yet, the effect of alternate product structure designs on system performance is not well understood. Analytical measures are needed to accurately relate product-structure characteristics to total cost and delivery performance. A new analytical measure of product structure called the degree of commonality index is defined in this paper. The degree of commonality index can be applied to single end items, product families, entire product lines, or to any level of product structure. This study suggests that component part commonality, as measured by the degree of commonality index, has a significant effect on system performance. For example, company standardization programs that increase the degree of component part commonality result in manufacturing cost reductions. The degree of commonality index provides a way to directly relate the degree of component part commonality to various dependent variables such as total cost, work center load, and delivery performance.
Accurate and efficient models of the human hand for the prediction of antenna efficiency in mobile devices

The antennas in a mobile device, like a cellular phone, are significantly impacted by the presence of the user, especially in the talk position. Traditionally, this impact has not been accurately modeled and, in many cases, it is completely ignored. This results in an inaccurate prediction of the antenna performance, especially the radiation efficiency, and can lead to poor antenna design. In this article, the modeling of the hand in greater detail is considered. Although many CAD tools have the capability to model the hand geometry in fine detail with multiple materials, there are associated issues dealing with the model complexity and constructing hand phantoms for measurements. Therefore, a balance needs to be reached between the details in the model geometry and materials and the needs of the simulation and measurement tools. In this paper, a homogeneous hand model is presented. The model represents the geometry of the hand in good detail and it can be adapted to form various hand grips. The effect of the material properties of this hand model on the radiation efficiency of a few typical antennas in mobile handsets is studied. These studies illustrate than an effective material property for a homogeneous hand model can be used for a reasonable accuracy in the radiation efficiency of the antennas. A two tissue model consisting of bone and muscle is also studied.
A Finite Strain Plastic-damage Model for High Velocity Impact using Combined Viscosity and Gradient Localization Limiters: Part I - Theoretical Formulation

During dynamic loading processes, large inelastic deformation associated with high strain rates leads, for a broad class of ductile metals, to degradation and failure by strain localization. However, as soon as material failure dominates a deformation process, the material increasingly displays strain softening and the finite element computations are considerably affected by the mesh size and alignment. This gives rise to a non-physical description of the localized regions. This article presents a theoretical framework to solve this problem with the aid of nonlocal gradient-enhanced theory coupled to viscoinelasticity. Constitutive equations for anisotropic thermoviscodamage (rate-dependent damage) mechanism coupled with thermo-hypoelasto-viscoplastic deformation are developed in this work within the framework of thermodynamic laws, nonlinear continuum mechanics, and nonlocal continua. Explicit and implicit microstructural length-scale measures, which preserve the well-posedness of the differential equations, are introduced through the use of the viscosity and gradient localization limiters. The gradient- enhanced theory that incorporates macroscale interstate variables and their high- order gradients is developed here to describe the change in the internal structure and to investigate the size effect of statistical inhomogeneity of the evolution related plasticity and damage. The gradients are introduced in the hardening internal state variables and are considered dependent on their local counterparts. The derived microdamage constitutive model is destined to be applied in the context of high velocity impact and penetration damage mechanics. The theoretical framework presented in this article can be considered as a feasible thermodynamic approach that enables to derive various gradient (visco) plasticity/(visco) damage theories
Political Homophobia in Postcolonial Namibia

The South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO) delivered Namibia from South African apartheid rule in 1990. Namibia’s democratic future began with the promise of equality. In 1995, however, SWAPO initiated a campaign of political homophobia. In this article, I make a case for viewing SWAPO leaders’ deployment of political homophobia as a gendered political strategy. I draw on a qualitative analysis of 194 articles from Namibian newspapers published between 1995 and 2006. My analysis illustrates two features of political homophobia. First, I demonstrate how political homophobia stifled political dissent and enhanced SWAPO leaders’ masculinist position and legacy as liberators. Second, I show how SWAPO leaders used political homophobia to expel gender and sexual dissidents from official accounts of history.
Isoform-Specific PKA Dynamics Revealed by Dye-Triggered Aggregation and DAKAP1α-Mediated Localization in Living Cells

Summary The tetracysteine sequence YRECCPGCCMWR fused to the N terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) self-aggregates upon biarsenical labeling in living cells or in vitro. Such dye-triggered aggregates form temperature-dependent morphologies and are dispersed by photobleaching. Fusion of the biarsenical aggregating GFP to the regulatory (R) or catalytic (C) subunit of PKA traps intact holoenzyme in compact fluorescent puncta upon biarsenical labeling. Contrary to the classical model of PKA activation, elevated cAMP does not allow RIα and Cα to diffuse far apart unless the pseudosubstrate inhibitor PKI or locally concentrated substrate is coexpressed. However, RIIα releases Cα upon elevated cAMP alone, dependent on autophosphorylation of the RIIα inhibitory domain. DAKAP1α overexpression induced R and C outer mitochondrial colocalization and showed similar regulation. Overall, effective separation of type I PKA is substrate dependent, whereas type II PKA dissociation relies on autophosphorylation.
Sensorless control of interior permanent magnet machine drives with zero-phase-lag position estimation

This paper presents an improved method to estimate rotor motion states for an interior permanent-magnet machine drive. This approach is based on the estimation of a saliency-based electromotive force (EMF) in the stationary reference frame using a state filter. The spatial information obtained from the estimated saliency-based EMF is used in an observer to estimate the motor motion states. By using the commanded torque as a feedforward input to the observer, the motion state estimation has zero-phase lag, providing a very-high-bandwidth estimate.
Quantitative Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Quest for a More Reliable Metric.

In this issue of the Journal, Motoji and colleagues presented a very interesting communication describing possible association of the apical longitudinal rotation (ALR) and the right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).1 The authors also presented their observation suggesting a possible overestimation of the RV function in PAH, while utilizing the variable widely used in the modern clinic practice—tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). They postulated that in patients with a marked apical rotation, one should use TAPSE with caution, and should consider other parameters of the RV function (such as the RV free wall strain or the RV fractional area change) for assessment of the RV performance.
Reply from Authors re: Tahlita C.M. Zuiverloon, Ellen C. Zwarthoff. Predicting Response to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy: Are We Moving Forward? Eur Urol 2016;69:201-2: The Goal: Individualized Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy.

We thank Zuiverloon and Zwarthoff [1] for their positive comments regarding the value of our CyPRIT assay, which had 85.5% accuracy in predicting recurrence in patients receiving intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) [2]. We wish to clarify, however, that our ultimate goal is to develop not simply a predictive tool for intravesical therapy but rather a tool that can be used to address the holy grail of BCG therapy: personalized dosing and scheduling. The accepted intravesical immunotherapy regimen is the one proposed by Lammet al [3]: sixweekly BCG instillations followed by threeweekly instillations at 3mo and 6mo, and every 6 mo thereafter. However, there has been much debate about whether this regimen is optimal for every patient, and dose reduction, dose fractionation, and other modifications of the BCG schedule have crept into common use in recent years [4]. Furthermore, while some patients remain disease-free after a single year of immunotherapy, others experience relapse almost as soon as the BCG instillations are stopped. Since CyPRIT assesses the composite immune response in the bladder, we expect that CyPRIT could permit real-time monitoring of the immune milieu to help guide therapy. For example, for a patient who does not have a favorable CyPRIT score at 6 wk (when our panel performed best), it might be better to perform additional BCG instillation(s). Conversely, for patients who achieve a favorable CyPRIT score earlier during treatment (eg, patients with prior exposure to BCG vaccine), it might be possible to shorten the treatment and reduce side effects. This potential of CyPRIT to permit real-time monitoring of the complex local immune milieu also has relevance to the scenario noted in the editorial regarding anti-PD-1 therapies in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer: CyPRIT use to identify which patients need the immune boost offered by checkpoint blockade could represent another avenue of study. We also wish to clarify one point raised in the editorial: even if CyPRIT is used purely as a predictive tool, its
Pharmaceutical Analysis Using Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

The potential utility in pharmaceutical analysis of a capillary electrokinetic separation technique that employs a micellar "pseudo-stationary phase" is discussed and illustrated. Chromatograms of separations of vitamin metabolites and derivatized amino acids are presented to illustrate the high efficiency of the technique and the ability to simultaneously separate the charged and neutral components of pharmaceutical samples. The analytical characteristics of the technique and the importance of optimizing experimental parameters, such as surfactant concentration and capillary column diameter, are discussed and demonstrated with the aid of chromatograms.
Electroshock therapy and Bender-Gestalt performance.

Pre- and post-EST Bender Gestalts (BG) from 19 psychiatric patients, compared with repeated BGs from control patients, indicate that EST does not cause any lasting impairment in copying ability.
Parameters of Genocide

As a reaction to the Nazi Holocaust against Jews and other groups, the concept of genocide was developed by international legal scholars who sought to establish guidelines for determining its applicability and the appropriate venue for prosecution. The result of this endeavor was the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention) of December 1948, which still serves as the basic document pertinent to specific types of mass killings. Despite frequent cries of ‘genocide’ raised either legitimately or spuriously, the Genocide Convention has been invoked legally on only six occasions.1 One of these was in reference to the 1994 killings in Rwanda, and it is here maintained that the Rwandan case graphically represents an incidence of genocide consistent with the Genocide Convention’s statutes.
Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging and Stages of RegionalCerebral Perfusion in Pre-infarction Period

Objective To discuss clinical value of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging and stages of regional cerebral perfusion in pre-infarction period and improve the diagnosis level for pre-infarction period, and prevent or decrease the incidence of cerebral infarction.Materials and Methods 18 cases of cerebral ischemia in case group and 20 cases of non cerebral ischemia in control group were performed with dynamic enhance perfusion MR. Parameters of blood flow dynamics of 170 images of 18 cases in case group were compared with that of 197 images of 20 cases in control group to calculate the ratios of illness side and mirror image for every image at hypoperfusion areas in the regional cerebral ischemia and compared to normal ratios and their range provided by control group. Comparing analysis of four parameters and stages blood flow dynamics were conducted by methods of nonparametric statistics and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple comparison.Results Four parameters of blood flow dynamics between two groups had a significant difference (P0.01). The characters of stages of regional cerebral in pre-infarction period were as follows: stage Ⅰ_1, TTP was delayed slightly; stage Ⅰ_2, MTT was extended markedly; stage Ⅱ_1, rCBF was markedly dropped; stage Ⅱ_2, rCBV was notable decreased.Conclusion The information of regional cerebral perfusion in pre-infarction period can be provided by MR cerebral perfusion and stages of pre-infarction period can be designated with the change of blood flow dynamics parameters.
Genome-wide Transcriptome Analysis of Yeast SOD1 Deletion Mutant in Response to Congo Red Stress

The SOD1 gene encodes an anti-oxidative enzyme,Cu / Zn-superoxide dismutase,that is required for the tolerance of cell walls to a perturbing agent Congo red( CR). In this study,we used a yeast DNA microarray to compare the genome-wide transcription profiles of sod1Δ and the wild type in response to CR stress. The results showed that 260 genes in sod1Δ( 140 up-regulated and 120 downregulated) were differentially expressed from the wild type yeast. Twelve genes were randomly selected and verified by q PCR. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to chitin biosynthesis,cell metabolism,cell defence,protein synthesis. Some genes were with unknown functions. CR treatment caused a significant increase of the content of cell wall chitin and oxidative damage shown in malondialdehyde( MDA) levels in sod1Δ yeast. This study provides useful data about the effect of yeast SOD1 in cell wall stress response at the genome level.
Culture of Normal Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Measurement of Mucin Synthesis and Secretion

The plasticity of conducting airway epithelia is well recognized (1-3). Under normal conditions, the epithelia express mucociliary function, which is the first pulmonary defense mechanism against inhaled air pollutants. Aberrance in this function is either the cause or one of the major contributors to the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis. To exert this vital defense function, mucus-secreting cell types of surface epithelium and sub- mucosal gland synthesize and secrete a high-mol-wt mucous glycoprotein, mucin, which is responsible for the viscoelastic property of the surface mucus layer. Secreted mucus, which is able to trap air pollutants and microorganisms, is steadily removed from the airway surface by ciliary escalation. Overall, the coordinated mucociliary function helps to maintain homeostasis in airway lumen.
Clinical value of prolactin bioassay in euprolactinemic reproductive disorders

To examine the disparity between clinical presentation and prolactin (PRL) measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), serum samples from 128 patients with galactorrhea and/or reproductive disorders were evaluated by RIA for immunoassayable PRL (RIA-PRL) and by Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation assay for bioassayable PRL (bioassay-PRL). One hundred fifteen patients had normal RIA-PRL and 13 patients had high RIA-PRL (greater than 25 ng/ml). Twenty patients had galactorrhea, two of whom had hyperprolactinemia. The reproductive disorders in female patients included infertility, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, and luteal phase defects. Six oligospermic males also were studied. Twenty-three male and female volunteers with no evidence of reproductive disorders served as controls. Appropriate comparisons showed that PRL bioassay/RIA ratio, an index of agreement between the two assay systems, did not differ for the various patient groups compared with controls. It is concluded that Nb2 lymphoma bioassay does not provide additional diagnostic value to RIA in defining the cause of euprolactinemic galactorrhea and/or reproductive disorders.
Restricting calf presence without suckling compared with weaning prolongs postpartum anovulation in beef cattle.

To determine how continued presence of a calf affected duration of postpartum anovulation, 23 udder-intact cows and their calves were assigned to three treatments on d 4 to 9 postpartum (experimental d 0). The treatments were 1) calf present with unlimited contact with its dam (n = 8), 2) calf restricted to noninguinal contact with its dam (n = 8), and 3) calf weaned from its dam (n = 7). Calves in the calf-present and calf-restricted treatments were weaned after 5 wk. Based on daily measurements of blood progesterone, days to first ovulation after onset of treatments were 35.4 +/- 2.2, 22.5 +/- 2.2, and 14.3 +/- 2.2 for the calf-present, calf-restricted, and calf-weaned treatments, respectively; each one differed (P < .01) from the others. Mean concentrations of LH were greater (P < .05) in the calf-restricted treatment and tended (P = .13) to be greater in the calf-weaned treatment than in the calf-present treatment on d 7 after the onset of treatments. On d 7 and 21, calves in the calf-present and calf-restricted (calves could not suckle) treatments were returned to their dams after overnight separation. Blood samples were collected to assess changes in cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, and oxytocin. No treatment effects were detected on d 7, but on d 21, the calf-present and calf-restricted cows had a greater (P < .05) increase in cortisol after calf return than the calf-weaned cows (calves were not returned), whereas prolactin was increased (P < .05) after calf return in the calf-present cows only. We conclude that calf presence is associated with an increase in cortisol and calf presence without suckling is one factor that delays the onset of first postpartum ovulation in beef cows.
THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD-WHAT EVERY PHYSICAL THERAPIST SHOULD KNOW.

Females participating in sports have the potential of developing one or multiple parts of the Female Athlete Triad, defined as the inter‐relationship among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. Energy availability, defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expended, is believed to be at the cornerstone of the triad, and complications from low energy availability span many of the bodily systems and can have psychological implications. Treatment of the triad requires a comprehensive multi‐disciplinary approach. Physical therapists frequently treat injured athletes and may have prolonged interactions with athletes depending on the length of the rehabilitation process. In addition to examination, assessment, and treatment of injuries, the role of the physical therapist includes prevention, and the promotion of health, wellness, and fitness. Thus, the goal of this clinical commentary is to identify and describe essential knowledge for the physical therapist, clearly identify the role of the physical therapist as part of multi‐disciplinary management team, and outline resources for the physical therapist and athletes relevant to the female athlete triad. Level of Evidence 5
Characterization of Rett Syndrome-like phenotypes in Mecp2 -knockout rats

Background Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disease caused by the disruption of the MECP2 gene. Several mouse models of RTT have been developed with Mecp2 disruptions. Although the mouse models are widely used in RTT research, results obtained need to be validated in other species. Therefore, we performed these studies to characterize phenotypes of a novel Mecp2−/Y rat model and compared them with the Mecp2tm1.1Bird mouse model of RTT.
Molecular-Docking-Based Drug Design and Discovery: Rational Drug Design for the Subtype Selective GPCR Ligands

Currently 30-50% of drug targets are G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). However, the clinical useful drugs for targeting GPCR have been limited by the lack of subtype selectivity or efficacy, leading to undesirable side effects. To develop subtype-selective GPCR ligands with desired molecular properties, better understanding is needed of the pharmacophore elements and of the binding mechanism required for subtype selectivity. To illustrate these issues, we describe here three successful applications to understand the binding mechanism associated with subtype selectivity: 5-HT2B (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) serotonin receptor (HT2BR), H3 histamine receptor (H3HR) and A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR). The understanding of structure-function relationships among individual types and subtypes of GPCRs gained from such computational predictions combined with experimental validation and testing is expected the development of new highly selective and effective ligands to address such diseases while minimizing side-effects.
Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: A Mirage

The popular 'bottom of the pyramid' (BOP) proposition argues that large companies can make a fortune by selling to poor people and simultaneously help eradicate poverty. While a few market opportunities do exist, the market at the BOP is generally too small monetarily to be very profitable for most multinationals. At the same time, the private sector can play a key role in poverty alleviation by viewing the poor as producers, and emphasize buying from them, rather than selling to them.
Essential Clinical Features

The diseases caused by this virus may be separated into two major types: (1) Primary infections that occur in individuals who do not possess neutralizing antibody in their bloodstream. (2) Recurrent infections that occur in individuals previously exposed to the virus and who possess antibodies against it.
Retracing the contours of her figure … slippages begin to appear: Reckoning the limits of the archive with Senam Okudzeto’s Large Reclining Nude

Large Reclining Nude (2004) by transnational artist and scholar Senam Okudzeto is an 86-inch by 63-inch acrylic drawing of a nude, black female body released into a bare milieu. At first glance, th...
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 in the PBMC of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

Objective To investigate the relation of the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and-9(MMP-9)with polymyositis/dermatomyositis(PM/DM).Methods Blood samples were obtained from 8 patients with PM,12 patients with DM and 10 normal human controls.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 respectively in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of these patients.Results The mRNA expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the PBMC of patients with PM or DM were 2.41 and 1.66 folds as high as those of the normal controls,respectively;these difierences were significant between the two groups.Increased expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also noted in the patients with PM or DM.Conclusion MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play a part in the development of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Key words: Polymyositis; Dermatomyositis; Matrix metalloproteinase 2; Matrix metalloproteinase 9
Understanding the Researcher Identity Development of Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students

Counselor education and supervision (CES) doctoral students play an important role in contributing to knowledge in the counseling profession. CES doctoral students were interviewed to explore their researcher identity, a unique self-concept that possibly includes research self-efficacy and interest. Issues critical to facilitating researcher identity development included confidence, the researcher voice, faculty support, and opportunities for research.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences of Acetobacterium sp. Strain MES1 and Desulfovibrio sp. Strain MES5 from a Cathode-Associated Acetogenic Microbial Community.

ABSTRACT Draft genome sequences of Acetobacterium sp. strain MES1 and Desulfovibrio sp. strain MES5 were obtained from the metagenome of a cathode-associated community enriched within a microbial electrosynthesis system (MES). The draft genome sequences provide insight into the functional potential of these microorganisms within an MES and a foundation for future comparative analyses.
Survey, Understanding, and Ethical Stewardship of Indigenous Collections: A Case Study

The Aboriginal and Torres Islander Protocols for Libraries, Archives, and Information Sources; the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials; and other directives provide invaluable directio...
Bringing it All Together: Multivariate Analysis

While there have been many general explanations for why young Americans do not vote in presidential elections, there are fewer explanations as to why young people do vote. As discussed, scholars have a variety of reasons why young people do not vote—from too many distractions, to lack of an investment in the political system (meaning many different things—from the fact that young people do not pay taxes to the fact that they are not committed to improving their communities), to the assumption that they have not gone through the life-cycle changes that might encourage participation.
Sample Size Determination to Detect Cusp Catastrophe in Stochastic Cusp Catastrophe Model: A Monte-Carlo Simulation-Based Approach

Stochastic cusp catastrophe model has been utilized extensively to model the nonlinear social and behavioral outcomes to detect the exisitance of cusp catastrophe. However the foundamental question on sample size needed to detect the cusp catastrophe from the study design point of view has never been investigated. This is probably due to the complexity of the cusp model. This paper is aimed at filling the gap. In this paper, we propose a novel Monte-Carlo simulation-based approach to calculate the statistical power for stochastic cusp catastrophe model so the sample size can be determined. With this approach, a power curve can be produced to depict the relationship between its statistical power and samples size under different specifications. With this power curve, researchers can estimate sample size required for specified power in design and analysis data from stochastic cusp catastrophe model. The implementation of this novel approach is illustrated with data from Zeeman’s cusp machine.
Robust decomposition of 3-way tensors based on L1-norm

Rank-1 L1-norm-based TUCKER2 (L1-TUCKER2) decomposition of 3-way tensors was recently solved exactly, for the first time, by Markopoulos et al.1 The exact solution to general-rank L1-TUCKER2 remains to date unknown. In this work, we present a novel approximate algorithm for general-rank L1-TUCKER2 decomposition of 3-way tensors. Our algorithm is accompanied by formal convergence and complexity analysis. Our numerical studies illustrate the sturdy corruption resistance of the proposed algorithm compared to state-of-the-art TUCKER2-decomposition counterparts such as GLRAM, HOSVD, and HOOI.
Principles of Taxation for People Who Have Principles

All governments need money in order to pay for the cost of operations. There are a number of ways that they can obtain the funds they need. Economies that are emerging from central planning to a market system are in a unique position in this regard - some would say enviable - because they have not built up large, burdensome tax collecting bureaucracies over the years. The tax systems in western democracies, on the other hand, have become ever more complex, inefficient, and difficult to manage. In the USA, for example, tax laws are passed and later amended, then amended again and again. Because laws are easier to pass than repeal, the volume and complexity of the tax law grows with each passing year, to the point, where the system is in danger of collapsing of its own weight. Over time, the tax laws have become more complex and more obscure.
10 – DEGRADATION AND FAILURE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

This chapter is concerned with the reasons that structural materials degrade or fail in service, and some of the practical methods employed to ameliorate these damaging effects. It deals with the serious issues of product quality, assurance, and reliability and, in a broader sense, with national competitiveness. Materials generally “fail” because of compositional or structural change brought about by chemical and mechanical driving forces. The potential for aqueous metallic corrosion exists whenever metals acting as cathodes and anodes are surrounded by electrolyte and are connected electronically to complete an electrical circuit. Strategies to combat corrosion include restricting the use of galvanic couples, keeping the sizes of anodes large and cathodes small, protecting surfaces prone to corrosion, using sacrificial anodes, impressing voltages to counter corrosion potentials, and using inhibitors and passivators. The mechanical degradation and failure (fracture) mechanisms stem either from forces that act locally at the interface among materials in contact or from forces that are applied at a distance and stress the body throughout. Wear is an example of the first case; creep, fatigue, and fracture exemplify the second category. Although the details are different, at a fundamental level, fracture mechanics is applicable to both of these mechanically functional failures. While fracture in bulk solids is the result of tensile stresses, surfaces undergoing wear are nominally stressed in compression. But parasitic tensile stresses are also operative and they cause particle detachment. Because of the tendency of compressive stresses to seal cracks, wear usually leads not to catastrophic failure, but rather to surface degradation.
The Structural Basis for Specificity in Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Signaling

Mammalian cells make decisions to divide, differentiate, adhere, chemotax, secrete, quiesce or apoptose on the basis of their developmental history, extracellular matrix composition, and the presence or absence of growth factors/differentiatiation agents and other cellular activators. From extensive research over the past ten years it has become clear that these decisions are mediated in most cases by the activation of specific protein kinases in the cytosol of the cell. A typical mammalian cell expresses hundreds of different protein-Ser/Thr kinases and protein-Tyr kinases. Thus, in order for a cellular activator to elicit a specific cellular response it is necessary that a specific subset of these kinases be activated and that these kinases find specific targets to phosphorylate. This manuscript focuses on a new approach to determining the structural basis for how protein kinases find their specific targets in the cell interior. The primary focus is on protein-Tyr kinases.
Effect of peak stress and tensile strain-rate on spall in tantalum

Materials subjected to dynamic environments experience a complex and wide range of stress, strain, and strain-rate conditions. To have confidence in material models, an accurate, predictive capability is required. In this study, we present a series of flyer-plate impact tests on well characterized, high purity tantalum. The shock-waves generated at impact release from the free-surfaces, reflect, and interact to produce incipient spall fracture. By varying the flyer-plate material and impact velocity, both the peak stress and the strain-rate in the samples were controlled independently. Velocimetry was used on the rear free-surface of the samples to measure the shock-response and the spall strength. While this measurement provided the same spall strength for all cases, at approximately 5.1 GPa, when the samples were sectioned during post-mortem, the quantity and distribution of internal damage was markedly different. For the high-strain rate cases, voids remained small and isolated, whereas in the lower strain-rate experiments, the spall damage was far more localized, with a well-defined continuous spall plane. With the use of hydrocode simulations, this was discovered to result from how the different release rates affect the interaction volume inside the sample. These results highlight the importance of careful sample recovery, and the risks of relying solely on free-surface velocity measurements.
The impact of atrial fibrillation on transcatheter mitral valve repair outcomes: A propensity-matched analysis.

Background The concomitant presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the setting of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair (TMVR) represents a clinical challenge. Despite the high AF burden in patients presenting for the TMVR procedure, there are no studies that evaluate the impact of AF on in-hospital outcomes of TMVR in a nationally representative United States sample reflecting real practice. Therefore, we sought to study the outcomes of AF patients undergoing TMVR. Methods and results The study included 1026 patients from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) registry. Patients (age ≥18 years) who had undergone TAVR as a primary procedure from 2011 to 2014 were included, using the ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. We examined patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes. To account for patient and hospital-level baseline differences, we performed propensity score-matched analysis. The prevalence of AF was approximately 56%. After adjusting for patient-level and hospital-level characteristics, there was no statistical difference regarding in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95%CI 0.29-1.80, P = 0.487), post-TMVR complications, length of stay (OR 1.15, 95%CI 0.97-1.38, P = 0.111), and cost of hospitalization (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.94-1.14, P = 0.475) between the group with AF versus without AF. However, patients with AF were more likely to have non-routine hospital discharge (42.94% vs 35.48% P = 0.02). Conclusion AF is a frequently encountered arrhythmia among patients undergoing TMVR with MitraClip. However, TMVR can be performed safely in the vast majority of patients, irrespective of their baseline rhythm.
Linear Front End Module for 4G/5G LTE Advanced Applications

With explosive band proliferation as well the use of carrier aggregation (CA), multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques and 5G, research in the area of improving the cost, performance and the size of RF transmit solutions is very active with many developments over the past few years. The proliferation of worldwide smartphones has been in part possible due to increase computational power of CMOS technology in lower feature nodes as 7nm/14nm. This has also made it possible to enhance RF CMOS through digital signal processing (DSP) and digital calibration. Despite this progress there is a shift in terms of what parts of the RF system are portioned in advanced CMOS nodes and what blocks are left and integrated together with other analogue and RF blocks in a front-end module (FEM). This paper proposes a solution for this partitioning for lower cost and size and with high linearity performance and low noise which is mandatory for new 4G/5G multimode multiband (MMBA) FEM module. A 2.3GHz – 2.7GHz broadband CMOS FDD/TDD LTE Band 7, 38, 40 and 41 power amplifier (PA) fully integrated with a fast envelope tracker (ET) on a single $0.18\mu\mathrm{m}$ CMOS die is presented, as well a method to integrate with a 4G/5G FEM. The CMOS PA and the tracker achieve a 37% overall efficiency for 26.5dBm and −39dBc ACLR1. This paper also presents how this module integrates into a full 4G/5G FEM for mobile applications.
Nutrition of the Critically Ill Adult with Congenital Heart Disease and Nutritional Rehabilitation

Adults with congenital heart disease are often cared for in the intensive care unit, though most are admitted for a brief period of time after elective cardiac surgery. While there are not likely to be significant nutritional concerns in the immediate post-surgery period, there may be significant underlying malnutrition that may affect postoperative recovery. In adult congenital heart disease patients admitted for heart failure exacerbations or with a prolonged recovery after cardiac surgery, careful attention must be paid to nutritional status to ensure patients are provided with the optimal support to assist them in their recovery.
Haven to the East, Haven to the North: Great Barrington and Pittsfield, Massachusetts

In the first decades of the 18th century, people of African descent accompanied Dutch and British settlers into the Berkshires. In 1783, Massachusetts abolished slavery by judicial decree. In the first federal census in 1790, Massachusetts and Vermont were the only states in the Union that recorded no captive Africans, at least officially. Therefore, these states were seen as havens for those fleeing captivity in slaveholding states. Although Whites transferred their “common sense” understanding of captive Africans to the free population, African Americans created “homeplaces,” as two archaeological assemblages in Massachusetts reveal. The boyhood home of W. E. B. Du Bois in Great Barrington and the Reverend Samuel Harrison Homestead in Pittsfield demonstrate how families were able to create domestic harbors within racialized space. Additionally, issues of identity formation, in a nation that was creating an American identity that was not inclusive of all, are addressed.
Maternal ethanol consumption before paternal fertilization: Stimulation of hypocretin neurogenesis and ethanol intake in zebrafish offspring.

Abstract There are numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies showing that exposure of the embryo to ethanol markedly affects neuronal development and stimulates alcohol drinking and related behaviors. In rodents and zebrafish, our studies show that embryonic exposure to low-dose ethanol, in addition to increasing voluntary ethanol intake during adolescence, increases the density of hypothalamic hypocretin (hcrt) neurons, a neuropeptide known to regulate reward-related behaviors. The question addressed here in zebrafish is whether maternal ethanol intake before conception also affects neuronal and behavioral development, phenomena suggested by clinical reports but seldom investigated. To determine if preconception maternal ethanol consumption also affects these hcrt neurons and behavior in the offspring, we first standardized a method of measuring voluntary ethanol consumption in AB strain adult and larval zebrafish given gelatin meals containing 10% or 0.1% ethanol, respectively. We found the number of bites of gelatin to be an accurate measure of intake in adults and a strong predictor of blood ethanol levels, and also to be a reliable indicator of intake in larval zebrafish. We then used this feeding paradigm and live imaging to examine the effects of preconception maternal intake of 10% ethanol-gelatin compared to plain-gelatin for 14 days on neuronal development in the offspring. Whereas ethanol consumption by adult female HuC:GFP transgenic zebrafish had no impact on the number of differentiated HuC+ neurons at 28 h post-fertilization (hpf), preconception ethanol consumption by adult female hcrt:EGFP zebrafish significantly increased the number of hcrt neurons in the offspring, an effect observed at 28 hpf and confirmed at 6 and 12 days post-fertilization (dpf). This increase in hcrt neurons was primarily present on the left side of the brain, indicating asymmetry in ethanol's actions, and it was accompanied by behavioral changes in the offspring, including a significant increase in novelty-induced locomotor activity but not thigmotaxis measured at 6 dpf and also in voluntary consumption of 0.1% ethanol-gelatin at 12 dpf. Notably, these measures of ethanol intake and locomotor activity stimulated by preconception ethanol were strongly, positively correlated with the number of hcrt neurons. These findings demonstrate that preconception maternal ethanol consumption affects the brain and behavior of the offspring, producing effects similar to those caused by embryonic ethanol exposure, and they provide further evidence that the ethanol-induced increase in hcrt neurogenesis contributes to the behavioral disturbances caused by ethanol.
Case 3: Hypoglycemia in an Infant with Cholestasis.

1. Nivedita Patni, MD* 2. Kathleen Collins, MD† 3. Perrin White, MD* 1. *Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 2. †Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA An 8-week-old boy presents with 2 days of worsening jaundice, lethargy, and poor feeding, without fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. At term he weighed 3,400 g (43rd percentile), had hypoglycemia on day 1, and received hyperbilirubinemia phototherapy for 5 days. Physical examination is noteworthy for a lethargic and jaundiced boy weighing 4,300 g (8th percentile). The liver edge is 4 cm below the costal margin. The phallus is 1.7 × 0.7 cm, with no hypospadias, normal scrotum, and descended testes. Initial laboratory results are as follows: blood glucose, less than 20 mg/dL (<1.11 mmol/L); total/direct bilirubin, 17.8/13.5 mg/dL (304.4/230.9 μmol/L); alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, 258/686 U/L (4.31/11.46 μkat/L); free thyroxine, 0.96 ng/dL (12.4 pmol/L); and thyrotropin, 4.36 μIU/mL (4.36 mIU/L). An intravenous glucose infusion is started, and the patient is admitted to the hospital. Liver ultrasonography reveals nonspecific coarse echogenicity with gallbladder wall thickening. Liver biopsy shows marked hepatocellular cholestasis, disarray and giant cell transformation, mild portal inflammation and portal fibrosis with early bridging fibrosis, and no abnormal storage material. Testing for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, enterovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, human immunodeficiency …
Research on Oval Drill Rod Using in Soft and Outburst Seam

Based on construction characteristics of gas extraction holein soft and outburst seam and analysis of characteristics of self-containded drill rod of boring machine,this paper designs a new oval drill rod and does computation on theoretic base of design,material choice and checking transmitted torque.The result of experimengtation of drilling in soft and outburst seam hows that,new oval dill rod improves drilling depth,porosity and drilling efficiency,and adds a new drill rod for gas extraction drilling rig.