cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
346 TRAINING NEEDS OF GENERAL INTERNISTS: SURVEY OF POSTRESIDENCY PRACTICE PATTERNS AND PERCEPTIONS OF PREPAREDNESS.

Purpose Internal medicine residency training programs must provide a diverse set of knowledge and skills for graduates to effectively enter general internal medicine practice. We surveyed graduates from the last 10 years of our internal medicine and medicine-pediatrics residency programs to characterize current practices and to evaluate their preparedness for general medicine practice. Methods We mailed paper surveys to all residents who completed our program from 1995-2005. Graduates were asked to rate on a 5-point Likert scale preparedness (1 = poorly prepared, 5 = very prepared) and frequency of performance (1 = never, 5 = very often) of managing common chronic adult diseases and 15 procedures traditionally performed general internists and are required training by the ABIM. "Well prepared " and "very often " were identified as a rating of 4 or 5 while "poorly prepared " and infrequent were identified as a rating of 1 or 2. Graduates were also asked to list any skills for which they had received additional training after residency. Results Of 217 surveys received, 112 were returned (52%). Of these, 78 graduates were general internists. Graduates felt well prepared for managing common medical diagnoses such as heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and COPD and also reported managing them frequently. However, they reported managing behavioral conditions, such as depression, obesity, and pain, frequently, but did not feel well prepared by their residency training. Seven of the 15 procedures in question were performed infrequently by more than 70% of internists. Only 3 of the 15 procedures were performed frequently by more than 50% of respondents. Graduates reported seeking additional training most frequently for performing office orthopedic procedures, such as joint aspirations (18%) and dermatologic procedures (9%). Conclusions Graduates of our program felt well prepared to care for common chronic medical conditions seen in general internists9 practices. However, they felt ill-prepared for common behavioral diagnoses they frequently manage in their practices. A number of ABIM-required procedures are not frequently performed by our graduates. These findings support the need for further curricular interventions designed to improve resident preparedness in behavioral medicine and raise questions regarding the efficiency of training all residents in procedures infrequently performed by general internists.
CRAFT Based Algorithm for Multi-stage Flexible Facility Layout Optimization

The total cost under multi-stage facility layout contains the costs of facility re-location,material handling and area utilization,and the objective is to minimize the total cost.First,a mathematical model for describing this problem is built.Secondly an improved CRAFT heuristic algorithm is presented to solve the optimization problem of a single stage facility layout,based on which,a heuristic CRAFT algorithm for multi-stage facility layout optimization is proposed.Finally,computational experiments show that the proposed algorithms can reduce the total cost of 28.57%.
Survey of smokeless tobacco use in basic trainees and armor basic course officers.

In this study an all-male population of 256 U.S. Army basic trainees and 98 armor officer basic course students were surveyed concerning extent of use, knowledge of, and factors contributing to the use of smokeless tobacco (ST). The survey was administered at a dental clinic at Fort Knox, Kentucky. The data were analyzed using the SPSS computer software program. Results showed that more than 17% of this population were either occasional or regular users of ST. Nearly 24% had tried ST and more than 9% were former users. Exactly one-half had not tried ST. A typical user was white, had started ST use at age 14, had used it for 4 years, and was most likely to use snuff or dip. Higher educational level achieved was associated with increased likelihood of ST use. Nearly 22% of college graduates used ST, whereas only 15.3% of high school graduates or those with some college were users. Knowledge about the potential health effects of ST was generally high or moderately high, except for its ability to cause hypertension. This was true for both high school and college graduates, although college graduates were somewhat more informed. Few in this population had a personal attitude of approval toward ST use, and very few perceived that either their parents or their superiors in the military approved of ST use. Perceived attitude of approval was highest from friends and peers. The principle reasons for starting ST use were use by friends and curiosity about taste and effects. Influence from public figures, such as athletes, and from advertising was minimal. Enjoyment of flavor and taste was found to be the main reason for continued ST use. Health professionals were identified by the majority of respondents as the single most important information source on ST. Relatively few (27%), however, stated that their dentist or hygienist had ever discussed ST with them.
Kinetic and Potential Energy

In the first part of his lecture On the Conservation of Force, Helmholtz defines the work done by a moving force as the product of the moving force and the distance over which the force acts: Thus, lifting a 5-pound body through a vertical distance of 1 ft requires an agent to do 5 ft-pounds of work. A lifting force which happens to be larger than 5 pounds would simply rise at a constant velocity. This is important, since up until now Helmholtz has been focusing his attention on bodies which are lifted (or which fall) at a constant velocity. What, then, is the connection between the work done on (or by) a body and the body’s change in velocity? It is this question to which Helmholtz now turns.
Multimodal microchannel and nanowell-based microfluidic platforms for bioimaging

Modern live-cell imaging approaches permit real-time visualization of biological processes. However, limitations for unicellular organism trapping, culturing and long-term imaging can preclude complete understanding of how such microorganisms respond to perturbations in their local environment or linking single-cell variability to whole population dynamics. We have developed microfluidic platforms to overcome prior technical bottlenecks to allow both chemostat and compartmentalized cellular growth conditions using the same device. Additionally, a nanowell-based platform enables a high throughput approach to scale up compartmentalized imaging optimized within the microfluidic device. These channel and nanowell platforms are complementary, and both provide fine control over the local environment as well as the ability to add/replace media components at any experimental time point.
Collision rates for ϱ-, ω- and φ-mesons at nonzero temperature

Abstract The ω- and φ-mesons are exceptionally narrow in vacua being about 8 and 4 MeV. At finite temperature they will scatter with other hadrons in their approach to equilibrium and thereafter. These dynamics induce broadening to the already unstable vector mesons which is calculated in the framework of relativistic kinetic theory. A rather complete set of low-lying mesons provide reaction partners whose interactions are modeled using effective lagrangians. Collision rates for ϱ and ω are found to be ∼ 100 MeV at T = 200 MeV while the rate for φ is ∼ 25 MeV. Corresponding mean free paths are about 1 and 4 fm! Possible observable consquences are discussed.
Revisiting Violence in Rural Academic Settings: A School Killing Impacting Livingston High School and Considerations of Policy and Programs

This article provides a discussion of violence with respect to educational environments involving a school shooting incident. This article examines a rural shooting incident that occurred in Livingston, Alabama. Discussions regarding the origins of school violence, preventive strategies, and violence control strategies are considered with respect to the crafting of policies and programs regarding the deterrence of school violence. Perspectives of campus violence are presented with respect to a rural high school. Various conclusions and recommendations regarding campus safety and campus security are provided.
Whence the lesbian in queer monumentality?: intersections of gender and sexuality in public memory

This article considers issues of lesbian representation within what I call “queer monumentality,” particularly the installation of LGBTQ monuments, memorials, and statuary. More specifically, the article raises awareness of gender exclusions within queer monuments and identifies two kinds of factors that contribute to this inequity. First, lesbians go underrepresented within this memory form because they are women—a group rarely afforded opportunities to do acts traditionally considered worthy of remembrance or whom only appear in monuments allegorically. Second, lesbians are also excluded from queer monuments due to particular gendered experiences within LGBTQ life, particularly separatism, HIV/AIDS, and representational reimaginings. I conclude by articulating the unique memory issues at work when sexuality and gender are viewed intersectionally.
Atrial Fibrillation in Women: Risks and Management

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most commonly occurring arrhythmias and a major modifiable risk factor for stroke, especially in women. While its prevalence is similar in both men and women, women unfortunately face a greater intrinsic AF-related risk of stroke than men do. This is likely one of the reasons that more women than men die from strokes, in addition to experiencing more new and recurrent strokes. Therefore, in women especially, it is imperative to diagnose and treat AF as early as possible. While its unreliable symptom profile and possible intermittent nature can make AF difficult to detect, proactive identification of risk factors and improved detection methods can help. Additionally, the use of risk stratification schemes for anticoagulant therapy, along with the efficacy of nonvitamin K antagonist anticoagulants can enable appropriate therapy to prevent stroke occurrence.
Effect of 5'-methylthioadenosine on RNA and DNA synthesis in cultured Xenopus laevis cells.

Abstract We have examined the effect of 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) on RNA metabolism and DNA synthesis in a cultured Xenopus laevis epithelial cell line. Cells incubated in the presence of MTA were transcriptionally less active than controls as measured by the run-off transcription technique. Experiments which measured the percentage of newly-synthesized poly(A)+ RNA and α-amanitin-sensitive nuclear transcripts suggested that MTA inhibited transcription by both RNA polymerases I and II. DNA synthesis was observed to proceed normally at times when MTA inhibited RNA synthesis. These results suggest that the well-known anti-proliferative effect of MTA is due indirectly to its initial effects on the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) rather than a direct suppression of DNA replication.
Vasectomy: Efficacy of Placing the Cut Vas in Different Fascial Planes*

The inadvertent failure to achieve sterility in 8 of 40 vasectomy procedures afforded a rare opportunity to study the efficacy of placing the two cut ends of the vasa in different fascial planes. Interposition of the fascia was performed in 12 patients and was not performed in 28 others, with no significant difference in the failure rates of the two groups. Histologic examination of vasal tissue from one patient in each group revealed that a sperm granuloma can erode fascia and the wall of the vas.
Augmented glenoid implants in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: review of available implants and current literature

Glenoid bone loss and retroversion increase the complexity of primary shoulder arthroplasty and affect the outcome. Although eccentric reaming, augmented glenoid implants, bone grafting, and reverse arthroplasty have been used to manage bone loss and retroversion, there is no consensus on treatment. Posteriorly augmented glenoid components can correct retroversion and avoid joint line medialization, which occurs with corrective reaming techniques. Full-wedged, half-wedged, and stepped polyethylene posteriorly augmented designs are currently available for use in the United States. The results of biomechanical and computer model studies support the use of augmented implants for the management of glenoid retroversion of greater than 15°. Currently, most clinical studies are retrospective case series. The short-term results of posteriorly augmented glenoid components are successful, with no clear evidence of the superiority of one design over another and unknown long-term survival rates.
Device-scale computational fluid dynamics modeling of carbon dioxide absorption using encapsulated sorbents

Abstract Micro-encapsulated carbon dioxide sorbent (MECS) is considered as a promising material for carbon capture system because of high capture rate, low fabrication cost, and efficient energy consumption. To accelerate the development of MECS technology for industrial deployment, device-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to study hydrodynamics and CO2 absorption behavior in a conceptual fluidized bed reactor. The two-fluid model solver, built in the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX), is adopted to solve the multiphase flow hydrodynamics by representing both fluid and solids as continuous phases. Filtered models are implemented to capture the sub-grid effects that normally cannot be directly considered because MECS particles are too small to be explicitly resolved at such a large scale. Using established CFD tools, this study aims to characterize MECS behavior and predict its carbon capture performance in a conceptual device-scale absorber. The MECS particle size and gas flow rate have significant impact on CO2 capture efficiency. The CO2 capture efficiency decreases with increasing gas flow rate. Smaller MECS particles lead to better CO2 absorption and gas-solid homogeneity.
The effects of hyperglycemia on outcomes in surgical high-grade glioma patients.

Abstract Objective To define the glucose values associated with an increase in complication rates in post-operative brain tumor patients. Patients and Methods Patients who underwent craniotomy for resection of WHO Grade III or IV glioma from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Post-operative blood glucose values were recorded for post-operative day #0, #1, and #2. Medians were obtained and assessed for significance. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess patient demographics, pre-operative findings, steroid use, and blood glucose values with respect to post-operative complications and to 30-day readmission. Results 108 patients underwent craniotomy for resection of high-grade glioma and had postoperative blood glucose values documented. Median blood glucose values greater than 167 mg/dL were associated with increased serious post-operative complications, and values greater than 163 mg/dL were associated with increased 30-day readmissions. Conclusion Post-operative hyperglycemia in patients with high-grade gliomas places this vulnerable patient population to undue post-operative complications and readmissions, potentially delaying further treatment of their disease.
Editorial: Does a Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood Determine an Increased Risk for Future Criminality?

Problems with occupational performance, emotional adjustment, legal involvement, and educational attainment are common in adults who had been diagnosed during childhood with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.1 The National Institute of Health (NIMH) Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (MTA study) reported that of their cohort of 579 youth diagnosed with ADHD, combined type, age 7 to 9 years, half endorsed 4 persistent symptoms of ADHD when evaluated 16 years later at a mean age of 24.7 years.2 In fact, 41% persisted in meeting full ADHD symptomatic and impairment criteria as adults. This subgroup continued to experience problems with incomplete postsecondary education, job instability, lower current income, receipt of public assistance, and risky sexual behavior.3 Although the persistence of ADHD symptoms in the MTA study follow-up study was not associated with increased jail time, other studies concluded that a childhood diagnosis of ADHD was associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of later arrests, convictions, and incarcerations.4 Furthermore, although ADHD medications were not associated with better outcomes after 16 years of follow-up of the MTA cohort,5 Lichtenstein et al.6 reported that ADHD medication exerted a possible protective effect against incarceration.
An Arctic sea ice multi-step classification based on GNSS-R data from the TDS-1 mission

Abstract This study examines the potential of using bistatic radar reflections from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to classify sea ice types in the Arctic Ocean during the sea ice formation period. For this study, we used data obtained from the United Kingdom (UK) TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) satellite mission. The main objective of the TDS-1 mission is to provide L-band radar reflections of the ocean surface in order to infer wind speed through an estimation of the ocean surface roughness. Given the orbit inclination of TDS-1, polar coverage is obtained providing datasets over the Arctic sea ice cover. Recent studies demonstrated the use of TDS-1 data for accurately deriving ocean-ice detection using the shape of the bistatic radar waveforms derived from delay-Doppler maps. We aim to advance this previous research by demonstrating the sensitivity of GNSS bistatic radar signals to sea ice types. The originality of the study presented in this manuscript is the classification of sea ice types, never implemented before with any GNSS-R mission. For this study, we examined the fall period of October 2015 in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas region, when considerable expanses of young ice, first-year ice (FYI), and multi-year ice (MYI) were present. We developed a sea ice multi-step classification approach based on bistatic radar reflections to generate not only an ocean-ice classification but to classify between the three dominant ice types present. The classification was done in multiple steps based on GNSS bistatic radar observations only and includes checks for spatio-temporal consistency with each dominant class. Validation results are based on the comparison of the GNSS classification against SAR-derived sea ice type maps produced at the US National Ice Center. First, we derived classifications of sea ice–open water samples with a success rate of 97%, comparable to previous studies. Next, the sea ice type classification results identified FYI, MYI and young ice with success rates of 70%, 82% and 81%, respectively, indicating a strong sensitivity of the L-band GNSS bistatic radar signals to the different surface scattering properties of these primary ice types. With this manuscript we demonstrate the potential of the GNSS bistatic radar signals to classify ice types during the sea ice formation period. GNSS bistatic radar signals provide unique forward scattered measurements at L-band, potentially on a daily temporal revisit, that can be used to produce enhanced information on sea ice characteristics, such as those currently generated by other sensors. In order to determine the use of GNSS-R measurements on an operational basis, further studies are needed over a year-long period of sea ice growth and melt to determine the full benefit of GNSS for improving and providing complementary information to that generated by both microwave and optical sensors.
Interstimulus interval has no effect on a mid-latency scalp potential generated by innocuous-related activity in the primary somatosensory cortex.

The sural nerve-evoked somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) scalp topography was separated into stable periods, where a stable period refers to consecutive time points with the same topographic pattern. The stimulus intensity-amplitude function, conduction velocity measurements, and a dipole source localization analysis of one of these stable periods, SP1 (60-90 ms post-stimulus), strongly suggests that it is generated by the response of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to inputs arising from the innocuous Aβ peripheral afferents. Interstimulus intervals (ISI) ranging between 2.5 s and 10.0 s had no effect on SP1 amplitude. This contrasts with an earlier report from this laboratory demonstrating that subjective magnitude ratings and the amplitude of another stable period that appears at about 160-180 ms post-stimulus and that is also generated in SI, increase with decreasing ISI. Thus, ISI appears to affect perception and the late but not the mid-latency responses in SI.
Gestational age, kindergarten-level literacy, and effect modification by maternal socio-economic and demographic factors.

Background Shorter gestational age at birth is associated with worse academic performance in childhood. Socio-economic and demographic factors that affect a child's development may modify the relationship between gestational age and later academic performance. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate socio-economic and demographic effect modification of gestational age's association with kindergarten-level literacy skills in a longitudinal Wisconsin birth cohort. Methods We sampled 153 145 singleton births (2007-2010) that linked to Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening-Kindergarten (PALS-K) scores (2012-2016 school years). PALS-K outcomes included meeting the screening benchmark (≥28 points, range 0-102 points) and the standardised score. Multivariable linear regressions of PALS-K outcomes on gestational age (completed weeks) included individual interactions for five maternal attributes measured at delivery: Medicaid coverage, education, age, race/ethnicity, and marital status. Results Each additional completed gestational week was associated with a 0.5 percentage point increase in the probability of meeting the PALS-K literacy benchmark. The benefit of an additional week of gestational age was 0.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.3, 0.7 percentage points) greater for Medicaid-covered births (0.8 percentage points) relative to non-Medicaid births (0.3 percentage points). Relative to only completing high school, having college education weakened this association by 0.3-0.6 percentage points, depending on years in college. Similar but modest relations emerged with standardised scores. Conclusions Socio-economic advantage as indicated by non-Medicaid coverage or higher levels of completed maternal education may diminish the cost of preterm birth on a child's kindergarten-level literacy skills.
Contraceptive action of intrauterine devices in the rhesus monkey.

Kelly and Marston1 have provided important information on the influence of the intrauterine device (IUD) on the distribution of ova in the spontaneously ovulating monkey.
CRT-600.02 Rates of Paravalvular Leak With the Latest-Generation CoreValve Evolut PRO Transcatheter Aortic Valve

The latest-generation CoreValve Evolut PRO has been redesigned with an outer wrap to improve annular sealing and reduce paravalvular leak (PVL). We present further data on the “real world” performance of the device at a high-volume US center. Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
The Attrition of Underrepresented Students in Computer Science

Recent concern about the underrepresentation of women and racial minorities in computer science (CS) has initiated measures to increase their participation in the field. Unfortunately, these groups remain underrepresented in the undergraduate level of CS. To improve this situation and specifically at the University of Rhode Island, we conducted a study to investigate the attrition rate of underrepresented students who switched to other majors compared to the majority of students. We collected background, demographic, and performance data of all of our students in the first four CS classes for the past four years. We used logistic regression to show any significant effect of gender and/or race on the attrition rate. We also used the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for oversampling to make up for the small sample of underrepresented students in the major. As a result, we find that underrepresented students are at a higher risk of leaving CS. Another finding of this research is that female students who left CS outperformed male students under the same circumstances, which implies that academic progress is not the main reason that women are changing their majors. Conversely, underrepresented minorities had low grades' averages when they change their majors, which implies that they likely leave CS due to academic struggles.
Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Coronavirus Disease 2019

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the transplant community worldwide 1-3 . Uncertainty and a lack of treatment protocols have resulted in a considerable reduction in, if not cessation of, transplantations. Wait-list mortality remains high and problematic in this population. The optimal transplantation timing in infected candidates who have cleared the virus remains unclear 1-4 . We report the first case of a previously COVID-19-infected HIV recipient who underwent a successful liver transplantation (LT) in the US.
Collateral Rental Yield and Bases

An ongoing puzzle is that funding rates for derivatives are different than those of cash market instruments having equivalent cash-flows, resulting in large and persistent cash-derivative bases. These bases are arbitrage opportunities. For the prominent case of cross-currency basis, representing violation of Covered Interest Rate Parity (CIP), I show that accounting for a frictionless costly collateral rental yield, an institutional feature of derivative contracts, explains away up to about four fifths of this violation. I build two unique empirical estimates of this yield. The first assumes the actual collateral rental yield is unobservable and generates it from a Kalman filter latent factor affine model. The second assumes that the collateral rental yield is observable and proxies it using differences of the difference in the risk-free and OIS rates between bilateral currencies. I use three different alternative proxies for the risk-free rate - General Collateral repo, BOX, and T-bill rates. Both approaches yield the same results, sharply reduced apparent violations. The collateral rental yield is independent of other costs or risk-based returns due to intermediary frictions, suggesting that previously documented CIP violations mostly reflect institutional details of derivatives contracts rather than frictions.
Viscoelastic-plastic damage model of porous asphalt mixtures

To characterize the mechanical behaviors of porous asphalt mixtures under loading at normal and low temperatures,a viscoelastic-plastic damage model,which includes Weibull damage function,Generalized Maxwell and Drucker-Prager model,was presented based on incremental constitutive equation. Experimental data from uniaxial compressive strength tests conducted at different strain rate and different temperature were used to validate the efficacy of the model,and the change rules of model parameters in different temperatures and loading rates were investigated. The test and analysis results show that parameters in viscoelastic model begin to behave like the elastic materials. The volume modulus and shear modulus also show obvious viscoelastic properties along with the changes of temperature and load rate. Additionally the strain plastic strain initializes keep almost same to the critical damage strain,which accommodate to the presented hypothesis. The damage curves of porous asphalt mixtures can also reveal the effects of different temperature and load rate. This model can successfully characterize the damage and mechanical behaviors of porous asphalt mixtures at normal and low temperatures.
A Treatise on Exhaust Emission Test Variability

The major sources of variability of an exhaust emission test on the 1975 Federal Test Procedure (FTP) are discussed. Vehicle, driver and the ambient conditions affect hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) variability significantly. On the other hand, oxides of nitrogen (NO/sub x/) and carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/) are influenced more by the differences in vehicle loading. However, the importance of any other source of variability cannot be ignored, especially when a comparison is made between two tests. Various diagnostic aids, such as the ''Total Torque Tester'', a ''Driver Evaluator'', an ''Exhaust Bag Cross-Check'', and a ''Repeatable Car'', which are used for the purpose of a better correlation between measurement systems on different test sites, are described. Designed experiments were conducted on vehicles whose emission levels were at or near the standards of 0.41 grams per mile HC, 3.4 grams per mile CO and 2.0 grams per mile NO/sub x/. A computer simulation of emissions was also employed to determine relative contributions from different sources to overall variability. Variability due to measurement error and within--vehicle variability observed in this work is +-19 percent of the mean for HC, +-33 percent of the mean for CO, +-9 percent of the meanmore » for NO/sub x/ and +-5 percent for the mean for CO/sub 2/. Variability as used here is defined as 1.96 times the coefficient of variation. The magnitude of variability is variable depending on differences in the overall system which includes the vehicle, the measurement system and test operating conditions.« less
Prohibiting Purchase of Sex in Sweden Impact, Obstacles, Potential, and Supporting Escape

This paper analyzes the core reasons for the Swedish law from 1999 which criminalizes purchase of sex and decriminalizes the prostituted person, passed as part of an omnibus bill against violence a ...
The Gift that Keeps On Giving: Google, Ingress and the Gift of Surveillance

This essay analyzes Ingress , Google’s new massively multiplayer online game, as indicative of an emergent gift economy that calls for the datafication of one’s mobile life in exchange for the gift of play. From this perspective, Ingress is only suggestive of broader sociocultural transformations in which citizens must submit to pervasive surveillance in order to participate in contemporary economic and political life. Turning to Roberto Esposito’s recent work on gift-giving and communal exchange, we explain how Google “immunizes” itself from its consumer community by continuously collecting that community’s gift of surveillance while structuring its own conditions of reciprocity.
Visão de causalidade: Merleau-Ponty em Michotte

espanolEl analisis de Merleau-Ponty en la descripcion de causacion percibida por Michotte es presentada con algunas explicaciones basadas en el libro de Michotte y despues en el contexto de las tres estructuras formadoras de las conductas. Tambien, en las distinciones de actividad y de pasividad primaria y secundaria en las Meditaciones Cartesianas de Husserl. EnglishMerleau-Pontys appreciation of Michottes description of seen causation is presented with some explication on the basis of the latters book and then in the context of the formers three structures of behavior as well as the distinctions of activity and primary and secondary passivity in Husserls Cartesianische Meditation. portuguesA apreciacao de Merleau-Ponty pela descricao de causacao percebida de Michotte e apresentada com algumas explicacoes baseadas no livro de Michotte e depois no contexto das tres estruturas formadoras do comportamento e tambem as distincoes de atividade e passividade primaria e secundaria no Meditacoes Cartesianas de Husserl.
αB-crystallin is mutant B-RAF regulated and contributes to cyclin D1 turnover in melanocytic cells

The serine/threonine kinase, B-RAF, is frequently mutated in melanoma and is required for cell proliferation. Proteasomal turnover of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors via E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates cell cycle progression. We previously showed that B-RAF regulates Cks1, a co-factor for the F-box protein Skp2. Recently, a second F-box protein cofactor was identified, alphaB-crystallin, that binds Fbx4 and promotes cyclin D1 degradation. Here, we demonstrate that alphaB-crystallin is down-regulated in mutant B-RAF melanoma cells compared to melanocytes in a B-RAF and MEK-dependent manner. In a subset of lines, MEK inhibition was sufficient to up-regulate alphaB-crystallin protein levels; whereas in other lines combined MEK and proteasome inhibition was required. alphaB-crystallin knockdown partially stabilized cyclin D1 in melanocytes. Expression of alphaB-crystallin in mutant B-RAF melanoma cells did not promote cyclin D1 turnover under normal conditions, but did enhance turnover following etoposide-induced DNA damage. Together, these data show that alphaB-crystallin is highly expressed in melanocytes contributing, in part, to cyclin D1 turnover. Furthermore, alphaB-crystallin is down-regulated in a B-RAF-dependent manner in melanoma cells and its re-expression regulates cyclin D1 turnover after DNA damage.
Gustatory function and dietary habits in users and nonusers of smokeless tobacco

Nicotine and smoking may modify gustatory function or preferences and are associated with altered energy balance; however, there is no information on whether smokeless tobacco (ST) has similar effects. Evaluations of gustatory function (threshold sensitivity, perceived intensity of suprathreshold stimuli, preferences) were conducted on 28 chronic ST users and 30 nonusers after both abstaining and using ST. Subjects also maintained 7-d dietary records that included descriptions of the predominant taste qualities of foods. There were few user vs nonuser differences in gustatory measures. Among nonusers, use of ST reduced perceived intensity of salty, sour, and bitter stimuli. Users reported greater alcohol intakes and lower consumption of carbohydrates, sweet foods, fruits, and grains. Chronic use of ST does not appear to have substantial effects on gustatory function but may be associated with decreased carbohydrate intakes, perhaps related to increased alcohol use and possibly because of reduced consumption of sweet-tasting foods.
Patricia Rife. Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age

Book reviewed in this article: Patricia Rife, Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age
Human cytomegalovirus infection in a retinoblastoma cell line in vitro

· Background: The focus of these studies was to determine whether the Y79 human retinoblastoma cell line could function as a good in vitro model system for studying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. · Methods: Y79 cells were exposed to an HCMV mutant carrying a LacZ gene, and the resulting β-galactosidase expression in infected cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The extent to which the three classes of viral gene products – immediate early, early, and late proteins – were expressed was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Infected Y79 cells were also co-cultivated on human foreskin fibroblast (SF cell) cultures to recover virus. · Results: Infection of Y79 cells with the virus resulted in β-galactosidase expression as detected by flow-cytometric analysis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that a portion of Y79 cells expressed antigens reactive to monoclonal antibodies against immediate early, early, and late HCMV proteins. The 43-kDa early gene product was also detected by Western blotting. Infected Y79 cells co-cultivated on SF cell cultures yielded infectious foci, which turned blue following X-gal staining, demonstrating productive HCMV infection in the Y79 cells. · Conclusion: These results demonstrate that while HCMV can productively infect Y79 cultures, it does so in a highly inefficient manner, leading these authors to conclude that this cell line does not provide a particularly good model system to study HCMV infection.
Voronoi polyhedra and the docking problem

Abstract Voronoi polyhedra, used in past work to mensurate volumes and areas of molecules, are here applied to the docking problem in biology, indicating a future use for these polyhedra in studying biological interactions.
Comparison of cuffed tunneled hemodialysis catheter survival

Despite efforts to have hemodialysis patients begin renal replacement therapy with a mature arteriovenous shunt, many patients begin dialysis with a cuffed tunneled catheter as their access. An increasing number of differently designed tunneled hemodialysis catheters have become available in the last decade. The primary aim of this study is to compare catheter survival for Hickman (Bard, Salt Lake City, UT) and Opti-flow (Bard) catheters. The 16-month experience with 182 catheters, totaling 13,861 catheter-days, is reported. The probability of Hickman catheter failure at 30, 60, and 90 days was 29%, 49%, and 67%. The probability of Opti-flow catheter failure was significantly less at 10%, 24%, and 38% for the same times, respectively (P: < 0.05 for all time points). The difference in catheter failure rates was caused by a greater malfunction rate of Hickman catheters; the two catheters had similar infection rates. We conclude that survival of Opti-flow catheters was significantly better than that of Hickman catheters from 30 to 90 days, which is a clinically relevant period when patients are waiting for maturation of a permanent access or replacement of a failed access. Since the conclusion of our study, we documented 10 episodes of Opti-flow catheter malfunction within 4 months secondary to hairline fracture of the arterial hub. The Opti-flow catheter was recalled and is now available with retooled hubs.
t(y;18) in acute myeloblastic leukemia FAB type M2

Abstract Changes affecting the Y chromosome in neoplasia have been documented. However, this usually occurs as a loss of the Y chromosome in the affected cells accompanied by or preceding other karyotypic changes. Involvement of the Y chromosome in a translocation is extremely rare, there being only 14 cases reported in the literature [3]. Presented here is a case of t(Y;18) in acute myeloblastic leukemia type M2 (FAB).
Ultrastructure and Acid Phosphatase Cytochemistry of Odontoclasts: Effects of Parathyroid Extract

Deciduous teeth extracted from mongrel puppies were decalcified and prepared for electron microscopy. Teeth were extracted before and after administration of parathyroid extract to determine its effects on the fine structure of odontoclasts and the distribution of acid phosphatase activity. Odontoclasts demonstrated cytoplasmic processes entering dentinal tubules, extracellular dense bodies showing acid phosphatase activity, and intracellular localization of this enzyme within digestive vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus. Parathyroid extract apparently affected only the extracellular dense bodies by increasing their number.
Integrating statistical genetic and geospatial methods brings new power to phylogeography

The field of phylogeography continues to grow in terms of power and accessibility. Initially uniting population genetics and phylogenetics, it now spans disciplines as diverse as geology, statistics, climatology, ecology, physiology, and bioinformatics to name a few. One major and recent integration driving the field forward is between “statistical phylogeography” and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Knowles, 2009). Merging genetic and geospatial data, and their associated methodological toolkits, is helping to bring explicit hypothesis testing to the field of phylogeography. Hypotheses derived from one approach can be reciprocally tested with data derived from the other field and the synthesis of these data can help place demographic events in an historical and spatial context, guide genetic sampling, and point to areas for further investigation. Here, we present three practical examples of empirical analysis that integrate statistical genetic and GIS tools to construct and test phylogeographic hypotheses. Insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying recent divergences can benefit from simultaneously considering diverse types of information to iteratively test and reformulate hypotheses. Our goal is to provide the reader with an introduction to the variety of available tools and their potential application to typical questions in phylogeography with the hope that integrative methods will be more broadly and commonly applied to other biological systems and data sets.
The Influence of Parental Financial Socialization on Youth’s Financial Behavior: Evidence from Ghana

How youth manage their money may influence their transitions to adulthood. This may be particularly true for youth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where many youth and young adults lack access to economic opportunities. Parental financial socialization is associated with youth financial knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in research studies conducted mostly in the US, yet little is known about the financial lives of youth living in SSA. Propensity score analysis and robust standard errors with multiple regression were used to examine the relationship between parental financial socialization and youth financial behaviors among a sample of 3,623 youth ages 12–19 and a parent or other adult guardian living in eight out of 10 regions of Ghana. Findings indicated that both parent- and youth-perceived parental financial socialization was a strong and consistent predictor of youth financial behaviors, as was receipt of earned income. Practitioners interested in empowering youth through financial education and inclusion programs might consider how to involve parents and other family members in programs and capitalize on opportunities for youth to have some earned income while they learn how to manage money.
Reactive liquid phase sintering of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting thin films: Part II. Sintering mechanism and film properties

Reactive liquid phase sintering of the YBCO films prepared from carboxylate solution precursors was investigated. A liquid phase was formed by the BaO—CuO binary compound at 620 °C, which facilitated the crystallization and growth of the YBCO grains. Strong capillary forces associated with the liquid phase sintering resulted in a dense, highly oriented microstructure. The YBCO films processed by this reactive liquid phase process showed Tc(zero) = 90.2 K and Jc = 1.3 × 105 A/cm2 at 77 K. The (006) rocking curve measurement indicated excellent grain orientation with a FWHM better than 0.2°. A secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) study showed uniform film composition, and the film/substrate interaction zone was limited to ≈0.1 μm. Average film roughness was about 32 nm.
Evidence for a Possibly X-Linked Trait Related to Affective Illness:

Objective: The present report attempts to replicate on the probands’ brothers, a previously reported (1992) negative relationship between maternal grandfather longevity (MGFL) and affective illness in grandsons. Hitherto this finding had not been replicated. To provide further evidence that the association may be recessive and X-linked, we also examined the association between MGFL and affective illness in the probands’ mothers. Finally, in order to examine why MGFL might be a predictor of affective illness, the report examines the association of the probands’ affective illness and their own mortality.Method: A 60-year prospective study of men selected in 1940 and followed until the present day provided good information on depressive illness in relatives and longevity of ancestors. To overcome the uncertainty of depressive diagnoses, we assessed affective illness in the probands categorically, dimensionally, operationally and with the Lazare Personality Inventory.Results: Presence of affective illness in ...
A Study of Combat Leadership in the Air Force by Means of a Rating Scale: Group Differences

(1950). A Study of Combat Leadership in the Air Force by Means of a Rating Scale: Group Differences. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 229-239.
Running in the Shadows: Revisiting In the Shadows of Romance: Romantic Tragic Drama in Germany, England, and France

This essay reflects on In the Shadows of Romance: Romantic Tragic Drama in Germany, England, and France (1987), revisiting its genesis, aims, and accomplishments. The book appeared at a time when little attention was paid to Romantic drama, and it thus focused widely on drama in three national traditions. While Romanticists have subsequently made great strides in recovering, interpreting, and even staging dramatic texts, we can still do more to put Romantic-era literary drama in conversation with the theater of the day.
Two- and three-dimensional instabilities and rupture of thin liquid films falling on heated inclined plate

Abstract Long-wave instabilities in thin viscous films draining down heated inclined planes are studied. Linear stability analysis and nonlinear computations are performed via a long-wave evolution equation, which describes the effects of mass loss, wave propagation, mean flow, hydrostatic pressure, thermocapillarity, vapor recoil, and mean surface tension. Mean flow, thermocapillarity, and vapor recoil destabilize the flow, and give, respectively, surface-wave, thermocapillary, and evaporative instabilities. Nonlinear flow developments, examined by numerically integrating the evolution equation, show interesting interactions of the instabilities, including generation of longitudinal patterns.
A Comprehensive Review and Performance Analysis of Data Gathering Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks comprise of vast numbers of sensor nodes deployed to monitor a particular event fire, intrusion, etc. or measure a parameter like temperature, pressure value representative of the physical condition of the ambient environment. There is a growing need of using energy-efficient data gathering algorithms that can effectively aggregate the monitored/measured data from the individual sensor nodes through a properly constructed communication topology and transmit a single representative data to a control center sink that is typically located far away from the network field. In order to maximize node lifetime and be fair to all nodes in the network, such a communication topology has to be dynamically constructed for every round of data gathering by taking into consideration available energy levels of sensor nodes. This paper presents a comprehensive description of two broad categories of data gathering algorithms for wireless sensor networks-the classical algorithms that are not energy-aware and modern energy-aware data gathering algorithms. These algorithms can also be classified based on the communication topology they choose to construct and use for data gathering. The authors also present an extensive simulation study that demonstrates the individual as well as the comparative performance of these data gathering algorithms.
Integrating testing with reliability

The activities of software testing and reliability are integrated for the purpose of demonstrating how the two activities interact in achieving testing efficiency and the reliability resulting from these tests. Integrating means modeling the execution of a variety of tests on a directed graph representation of an example program. A complexity metric is used to construct the nodes, edges, and paths of the example program. Models are developed to represent the efficiency and achieved reliability of black box and white box tests. Evaluations are made of path, independent path, node, program construct, and random tests to ascertain which, if any, is superior with respect to efficiency and reliability. Overall, path testing has the edge in test efficiency. The results depend on the nature of the directed graph in relation to the type of test. Although there is no dominant method, in most cases the tests that provide detailed coverage are better. For example, path testing discovers more faults than independent path testing. Predictions are made of the reliability and fault correction that results from implementing various test strategies. It is believed that these methods can be used by researchers and practitioners to evaluate the efficiency and reliability of other programs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.