cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Correction through Movement of the Closed Orbit

The closed orbit correction system can be used to correct the vertical dispersion by displacing the orbit at the quadrupoles and sextupoles. The accuracy of the results has been verified by comparison with exact calculations. Results for correcting the horizontal dispersion are also given.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in experimental chorizos

Chorizos—Mexican-style raw-meat sausages—are a concern in California because their production in small ethnic food markets is unregulated. Their formulation may cause them to appear cooked to the consumer, who may eat the raw sausage without prior proper cooking. Bacterial pathogens in such products may cause illness or even death. Survivability of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizos was evaluated under different storage conditions selected on the basis of an initial survey of uninspected chorizos in California. Sausages were formulated to five different initial water activity (aw) levels (0.85, 0.90, 0.93, 0.95, 0.97), stored under four conditions (refrigeration, “Ref,” 6 to 8°C under convective air circulation; room temperature, “RT,” 24 to 26°C under convective air circulation; hood, “Hd,” 24 to 26°C under forced air circulation; and incubation, “Inc,” 30 to 31°C under convective air circulation), and sampled after 1, 2, 4, and 7 days. The initial pH was 4.8 and remained near 5.0 from day 1 of the sampl...
Experimental Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis

Cancer, it has been said, is an environmental problem. As long as we live on the surface of the earth, we will have to deal with what must be the most ubiquitous carcinogen of all—sunlight. Soon after the recognition that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) could act as a carcinogen, a number of investigators attempted quantitative studies and made efforts to identify mechanisms of photocarcinogenesis. These aims were central to the investigations that Blum(1) and his colleagues performed at the National Institutes of Health during the 1940’s and 1950’s. The thrust of the Blum experiments was an effort to describe the relation of stimulus (UVR) to response (tumor formation and development) in quantitative terms. These data made a unique contribution to the cancer literature, and they remain an important component in the evolution of quantitative models of the carcinogenesis process. It is safe to predict that such models will continue to appear.
Inhibition of Hepatotoxicity by a LXR Inverse Agonist in a Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Alcohol abuse is a major cause of liver disease and mortality worldwide and is a significant public health issue. Patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have severe hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Therapies for ALD are very limited and even abstinence from alcohol consumption does not necessarily protect patients from progression of the disease. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a liver X receptor (LXR) inverse agonist, SR9238, in an animal model of ALD. SR9238 suppresses hepatic lipogenesis, a pathological hallmark of ALD, and we hypothesized that targeting suppression of hepatic metabolic pathways that are activated in ALD may be an effective treatment for the disease. A chronic ethanol diet with or without a final ethanol binge treatment was used to induce ALD in mice. Mice were administered the liver specific LXR inverse agonist SR9238 for 4 weeks after the mice had been maintained on the ethanol diet for 14 days. Mice developed all the hallmarks of advanced ALD demons...
Mesenchymal stromal cell potency to treat acute kidney injury increased by ultrasound-activated interferon-γ/interleukin-10 axis.

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies combined with renal pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) pretreatment increase MSC homing and improve cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) better than MSC alone. However, mechanisms underlying improved outcomes remain unknown. We hypothesize pFUS up-regulates renal interferon-γ (IFNγ) and stimulates MSC to produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) after migrating to kidneys. To demonstrate initially, MSC cultured with IFNγ up-regulated IL-10. More MSC-derived IL-10 was detected in kidneys when IFNγ-stimulated MSC were infused and they improved AKI better than unstimulated MSC. Next, IFNγ-knockout mice with AKI received pFUS+MSC, but MSC-derived IL-10 expression and AKI were similar to using MSC alone. AKI in wild-type mice receiving pFUS and IL-10-deficient MSC was also unimproved compared to administering IL-10-deficient MSC alone. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an anti-inflammatory enzyme up-regulated in MSC by IFNγ, was up-regulated during AKI, but was not further elevated in MSC from pFUS-treated kidneys, suggesting that IDO is not involved in improved AKI healing by pFUS+MSC. These data suggest IFNγ is up-regulated by pFUS and after i.v.-infused MSC home to pFUS-treated kidneys, IFNγ stimulates additional IL-10 production by MSC to improve AKI. Analogous mechanisms of ultrasound-treated tissue microenvironments stimulating therapeutic MSC may exist in other pathologies where adjuvant ultrasound techniques are successful.
EXTREMELY LOW TESTOSTERONE DUE TO RELATIVE ENERGY DEFICIENCY IN SPORT: A CASE REPORT.

ABSTRACT Objective: Recognize extremely low testosterone due to hypothalamic dysfunction from overtraining syndrome in a male athlete with relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Methods: Clin...
Autonomic arousal in a foreign language in the context of decision making

We test emotional distancing in a second language (L2) by replicating an experiment by Keysar, Hayakawa, and An (2012) on making decisions under the framing effect (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979). With their participants’ average Age of Acquisition (AoA) being around and beyond puberty, autonomic arousal was evident in native language (L1) but absent in L2. Our study showed no difference between L1 and L2 when AoA was around 4. However, when average AoA was around 7.7, autonomic arousal was evident in L1 but absent in L2, predicting an AoA threshold affecting L2 affective processing significantly earlier than puberty.
Management of Enterovesical Fistula

Crohn’s disease (CD) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract anywhere from the mouth to the anus and is characterized by transmural inflammation that leads to penetrating complications. As a result, about one-third of Crohn’s disease patients have internal fistulas over the course of their life. Fistulas are abnormal communications between two epithelial surfaces, and patients with Crohn’s disease may suffer from different types of fistulas: anorectal, enterovesical or colovesical, enterovaginal or rectovaginal, enteroenteric or enterocolic, and enterocutaneous fistulas. Entero-urinary fistulas are a relatively uncommon, yet challenging, complication of Crohn’s disease. Our understanding of fistulas to the urinary tract is incomplete, and strategies to manage these fistulas remain somewhat controversial. Epidemiological data on entero-urinary fistulas are contradictory, with published studies reporting highly variable incidence rates, ranging from 1.7% to 7.7%. Entero-urinary fistulas are most commonly diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, although diagnostic tests such as cystoscopy, computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), upper gastrointestinal contrast studies with small bowel follow-through, barium enema, and colonoscopy are often necessary to confirm the fistula. At present, there is no uniform agreement on the optimal diagnostic algorithm, although certain principles remain.
Fast, provable algorithms for Isotonic regression in all ℓ- p -norms

Given a directed acyclic graph G, and a set of values y on the vertices, the Isotonic Regression of y is a vector x that respects the partial order described by G, and minimizes ‖x - y ‖, for a specified norm. This paper gives improved algorithms for computing the Isotonic Regression for all weighted lp-norms with rigorous performance guarantees. Our algorithms are quite practical, and variants of them can be implemented to run fast in practice.
Acute Air Pollution Exposure and the Risk of Violent Behavior in the United States.

Background:Violence is a leading cause of death and an important public health threat, particularly among adolescents and young adults. However, the environmental causes of violent behavior are not well understood. Emerging evidence suggests exposure to air pollution may be associated with aggressiv
An Important and Often Ignored Turnaround Time in Radiology - Clinician Turnaround Time: Implications for Musculoskeletal Radiology.

Background: There has been an increase in routine musculoskeletal (MSK) MRI studies performed on weekends. Study Aims: First, to assess whether radiologist interpretation of routine MSK MRI studies on weekends decreases the time to when the clinician reads the radiologist’s report compared to studies performed on the weekend but interpreted the following Monday. Second, to evaluate whether reports are more likely to be read by clinicians if the MRIs are interpreted by radiologists on weekends compared to the following Monday. Methods: A random sample of 1765 patients who underwent routine MSK MRIs from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 was evaluated. The radiologist turnaround times (rTATs), clinician turnaround times (cTATs) and the provider turnaround time (pTAT) were calculated. The pTAT was the sum of the rTAT and the cTAT. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to compare turnaround time metrics. Results: There was no difference in the pTAT for studies performed and interpreted on the weekends compared to those performed on the weekend but interpreted the following Monday (P = 0.750). However, clinicians were significantly less likely to read the reports interpreted on the weekend compared to studies interpreted on weekdays (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Routine MSK MRI studies performed on weekends can be interpreted by radiologists on the following weekday (Monday) without affecting the time at which the clinician reads the reports and these reports are more likely to be read by clinicians if the radiologist interprets the study on a weekday.
Depression Detection Using Feature Extraction and Deep Learning from sMRI Images

Major Depression Disorder (MDD) affects people's life and it is a common disorder worldwide. Finding useful diagnostic biomarkers would help clinicians to diagnosis MDD in its early stages. Machine learning algorithms for brain imaging classification of MDD is beneficial although it is challenging. In this paper, we investigate utilizing augmentation, feature extraction and classification for MDD detection from sMRI Images. Using images, we extract 10 slices with highest entropy values from each 3D sMRI image as raw features. The selected slices are the most representative 2D slices of each volume and the problem is reduced to classifying these slices. Next, augmentation is done by either duplication or rotation to balance the data. Then deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural network and pre-trained networks with or without fine tuning are applied to extract features automatically. We compared several feature extraction methods in combination with SVM classifiers with linear or RBF kernels. Experiments show that raw features work pretty well for MDD classification. Also, pre-trained VGG16 with fine-tuning produces good results. However, pre-trained network without fine tuning returns acceptable result with short training time.
The Evolving Landscape of Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiation (LCRT) and short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) are evidence-based treatment options for locally advanced rectal cancer. Both paradigms improve local control but have not shown to impact distant metastases or overall survival. Herein, we compare these two radiation approaches and review their role in the multidisciplinary management for locally advanced rectal cancer. There are no significant differences in disease outcomes between LCRT and SCRT. Delaying surgery after either radiation regimens is safe and leads to tumor downstaging without compromising oncologic outcomes. Attempts to incorporate chemotherapy to intensify neoadjuvant radiation regimens are under active investigation. LCRT and SCRT are proven neoadjuvant regimens that improve local control. Supporters of LCRT emphasize the higher likelihood for tumor downstaging and sphincter preservation, while those favoring SCRT highlight lower acute toxicities, decreased costs, and patient convenience. Delaying surgery after either LCRT or SCRT is safe and provides pathologic downstaging. The optimal timing of surgery has yet to be determined. There is growing interest in total neoadjuvant therapy which incorporates chemotherapy with neoadjuvant radiation.
Metal-Embedded Chiplet Assembly for Microwave Integrated Circuits

This letter provides an overview of the metal-embedded chiplet assembly for microwave integrated circuits (MECAMICs) technology. MECAMIC is a 2.5-D wafer-level packaging approach that provides seamless heterogeneous integration capabilities of compound semiconductor transistors (e.g., GaN HEMTs) with passive components and interconnects using a backside metal embedding process. The chiplets are embedded in through-interposer cavities, and the backside metallization locks the chiplets into position while providing dc and RF ground for the high-frequency circuits. With this hybrid manufacturing approach, high-performance RF ICs can: 1) be designed using the best transistor technology for the function; 2) be fabricated in short cycle times through hybrid manufacturing; and 3) compete performancewise with monolithic circuits. We demonstrated an $X$ -band power amplifier circuit realized in MECAMIC with a saturated output power of 31 dB and a peak power added efficiency of 54%, which compared favorably to its monolithic GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) counterpart. The MECAMIC process cycle time was $4.5\times $ faster than the monolithic process.
Tot-Mon: A Real-Time Internet of Things Based Affective Framework for Monitoring Infants

An increase in the number of working parents has led to a higher demand for remotely monitoring activities of babies through baby monitors. The baby monitors vary from simple audio and video monitoring frameworks to advance applications where we can integrate sensors for tracking vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate monitoring. Internet of Things based frameworks consists of sensors or nodes that can wirelessly transmit the acquired data to the cloud. Affective computing, also known as emotional artificial intelligence, helps in developing systems that recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. In this research, we have proposed a real-time framework, Tot-mon, that deploys affective computing through the Internet of Things for baby monitoring. The proposed system recognizes the mood of the baby through the camera and records the corresponding ambient values through the ambient sensor array, which consists of a humidity sensor and temperature sensor. The research demonstration will include a real-time emotion recognition algorithm that reacts to data collected through a single-board computer.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Simulation Curriculum: Vitamin K Deficiency in the Newborn.

Introduction The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends vitamin K prophylaxis at birth for all newborns to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Despite a lack of evidence for serious ha...
The Role of the Marketing Department in the Organization of the Future

It is hard to believe that there was a time when companies did not have marketing departments. They had sales departments, of course. But they did not have product managers, brand managers, key account managers, market segment managers, customer service managers, and an assortment of other job positions found in today’s company marketing departments.
Ovary-II Germ Cell Tumors and Sex Cord Tumors

Ovarian primitive germ cell tumors are uncommon. The diagnosis of dysgerminoma, EC and YST and their distinction from non-germ cell tumors often requires immunohistochemical markers such as SALL4, OCT4, CD117, D2-40, CD30, AFP, and glypican-3. Immature teratoma is graded on the amount of immature neuroepithelium. The biologic behavior of struma ovarii cannot be reliably predicted by specific histologic features. Diagnosis of gonadoblastoma should prompt chromosomal analysis for the patient. Sex cord stromal tumors include pure stromal tumors, sex cord tumors and mixed sex-cord stromal tumors. Fibroma can be cellular and mitotically active but lack diffuse cytologic atypia seen in fibrosarcoma. Adult granulosa cell tumor and cellular fibroma/fibrothecoma can be distinguished with reticulin stain and FOXL2 mutation analysis. Juvenile granulosa cell tumor may mimic small cell carcinoma hypercalcemic type but without SMARCA4 (BRG1) loss. Intermediate and poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors most often possess DICER1 mutations and genetic testing is advised. Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is the most common sex-cord stromal tumor associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Effectiveness of the POWER Program in Improving Physical Activity and Executive Function in Fifth Grade Students.

BACKGROUND High volumes of school-based sedentary time may impact academic achievement and executive function negatively. This study evaluated a multimodal classroom program's (POWER) effect on fifth graders' physical activity (PA) and executive function. METHODS Six 5th grade classes (3 = intervention [POW]; 3 = waitlist control [CONT]) in 2 diverse New Jersey schools participated. Data were collected before, during, and post-intervention. PA was assessed via accelerometer, executive function by NIH Toolbox, and academic achievement via standardized math tests. The POW principal, teachers, and select students participated in follow-up interviews. Group comparisons were made by multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA and linear regression. RESULTS PA decreased in both groups over time, but POW's post-intervention class-time PA was significantly higher than CONT's. POW's NIH Toolbox score increased 3 percentiles more than CONT's. Intervention fidelity was associated with significantly higher scores for one NIH Toolbox test. Student math test scores increased significantly for both schools, but there was no significant main effect for group. POW's feedback was positive, with the principal reporting fewer disciplinary referrals and teachers and students conveying positive growth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, POW's positive changes and the favorable reception of POWER support POWER'S ability to improve children's socioemotional and physical health.
“Constant Pressure of Having to Perform”: Exploring Player Health Concerns in Esports

Esports is a rapidly growing industry, generating interest from research disciplines including marketing, social sciences, and human-computer interaction. Despite its continued growth, there is a lack of studies surrounding the health of esports players. Previous work on the subject is limited, as research has only recently begun to explore the potential factors affecting physical and psychological wellness. Using an exploratory mixed-methods approach, a series of semi-structured interviews (n = 10) and an online survey (n = 68) were used to identify the biggest health concerns among esports players. The results demonstrate a better understanding of issues regarding physical and psychological wellness according to the players. Moving forward, we suggest the HCI community adapts mindfulness, ergonomics, and social-emotional learning as methods for supporting player’s health concerns.
ApneaDetector: Detecting Sleep Apnea with Smartwatches

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing is briefly and repeatedly interrupted. Polysomnography (PSG) is the standard clinical test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, it is expensive and time-consuming which requires hospital visits, specialized wearable sensors, professional installations, and long waiting lists. To address this problem, we design a smartwatch-based system called ApneaDetector, which exploits the built-in sensors in smartwatches to detect sleep apnea. Through a clinical study, we identify features of sleep apnea captured by smartwatch, which can be leveraged by machine learning techniques for sleep apnea detection. However, there are many technical challenges such as how to extract various special patterns from the noisy and multi-axis sensing data. To address these challenges, we propose signal denoising and data calibration techniques to process the noisy data while preserving the peaks and troughs which reflect the possible apnea events. We identify the characteristics of sleep apnea such as signal spikes which can be captured by smartwatch, and propose methods to extract proper features to train machine learning models for apnea detection. Through extensive experimental evaluations, we demonstrate that our system can detect apnea events with high precision (0.9674), recall (0.9625), and F1-score (0.9649).
Adenosine A2a receptors modulate TrkB receptor-dependent respiratory plasticity in neonatal rats.

Abstract Neuroplasticity is a fundamental property of the respiratory control system, enabling critical adaptations in breathing to meet the challenges, but little is known whether neonates express neuroplasticity similar to adults. We tested the hypothesis that, similar to adults, tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) or adenosine A2a receptor activation in neonates are independently sufficient to elicit respiratory motor facilitation, and that co-induction of TrkB and A2a receptor-dependent plasticity undermines respiratory motor facilitation. TrkB receptor activation with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) in neonatal brainstem-spinal cord preparations induced a long-lasting increase in respiratory motor output in 55 % of preparations, whereas adenosine A2a receptor activation with CGS21680 only sporadically induced respiratory motor plasticity. CGS21680 and DHF co-application prevented DHF-dependent respiratory motor facilitation, whereas co-application of MSX-3 (adenosine A2a receptor antagonist) and DHF more rapidly induced respiratory motor plasticity. Collectively, these data suggest that mechanisms underlying respiratory neuroplasticity may be only partially operational in early neonatal life, and that adenosine A2a receptor activation undermines TrkB-induced respiratory plasticity.
La dualidad historia/leyenda en Bécquer, Valle-Inclán y Antonio Machado

In studies of the Generation of 1898, realist and present-oriented literary works have been accorded greater critical authority than the literature recreating an emphatically mythic past. This gesture runs the risk of undervaluing not only the social import of the seemingly less engaged works, but also their structural complexity. My essay studies the earlier Machado in relation to Becquer and Valle-Inclan, and seeks to avoid the pitfalls just mentioned by subjecting the poet’s concept of “leyenda” to a historical and philosophical treatment (grounded especially in Bergson, Ortega y Gasset, and the role of “transference” in psychoanalysis) while subjecting the related concept of “historia” to a poetic treatment. Most of the poems and prose pieces discussed in greater detail were published in the fifty years stretching from 1857 to 1907.
A comparative analysis of the locomotory systems of medusoid Cnidaria

1. The locomotory systems of forty-two genera of hydro- and scyphomedusae, representing nine orders, were surveyed, to serve as a basis for generalizations about medusan locomotion. The more pertinent of these have been discussed. The comparisons are based on previous studies ofPolyorchis montereyensis andCyanea capillata (Gladfelter 1972a, b). 2. The bell ranges from broad and flat to long, narrow and pointed; the mesoglea ranges from soft to rigid. Radial mesogleal fibers are distributed in the regions of the bell deformed during contraction, and are most densely arrayed along joint apices. A variety of “joint systems” is present, from none or temporary creases, to permanent exumbrellar creases, to elaborate systems in most Anthomedusae and Scyphomedusae: a classification of mesogleal skeletons was erected. 3. The contractile elements of the swimming muscle vary from widely spaced cord-like elements in weak swimmers to tightly packed ribbon-like processes with aligned striations in small strong swimmers, to thick cord-like elements in closely spaced, highly convoluted array arranged on larger mesogleal folds. Radial swimming muscles are present in flat forms. 4. The velum (Hydromedusae) or its analog, the velarium (Cubomedusae) is important in forms with strongly arched bells, where it functions as a nozzle during straight swimming and turning. It is less important in broader bells, which, however, can turn in a smaller radius than tall forms.
Théorie cognitive de la culture

Les theories sociobiologiques postulent des normes comme unites fonctionnelles de la selection naturelle et culturelle. Mais ces theories ignorent la facon dont elles sont representees dans l’esprit et comment elles influent sur les comportements. Faute de contenu ou de limites fiables, elles ne peuvent se repliquer de maniere telle qu’elles satisfassent la selection darwinienne. Aussi la notion d’un ensemble de normes regissant une societe, ou sa « vision du monde », et qui possederait des avantages d’un point de vue darwinien pour une culture tout entiere, n’a guere de sens. Une « experience de jardin », menee dans les Basses Terres maya illustre les avantages qu’il y a a adopter une approche evolutionniste differente, l’epidemiologie culturelle, si l’on veut proceder a l’analyse causale de la formation et du developpement des societes. Cette perspective epidemiologique considere les distributions et variations d’idees et de comportements comme un objet d’etude a part entiere, elle envisage le desaccord entre personnes comme un signal et non comme bruit ou deviance. A l’instar de l’espece darwinienne, une culture n’a pas d’existence au-dela des individus et des contextes ecologiques qui la constituent.
Studies on isolated cell components: VII. A reexamination of the preparation and properties of rat liver homogenates☆

Abstract Several aspects of the preparation of homogenates and certain physical properties of suspending media have been examined in an attempt to develop a more rational approach to the problem of the differential centrifugation of tissue homogenates. The addition of calcium-binding agents to the perfusion solution has been found to result in the presence of a large number of whole cells in liver breis. No difference in cell breakage was observed when calcium-free Locke's solution was compared with complete Locke's solution. The addition of 0.0018 M CaCl2 to a perfusion medium consisting of 0.25 M sucrose resulted in an increase in the number of whole cells and cell wall material when compared with sucrose alone. Comparison of the composition of homogenates identically prepared except for variations in the pH of the homogenization medium showed that at pH 6 a large number of whole cells, broken cells, and cell wall fragments were present. The number of these contaminants decreased markedly as the pH was raised to 7.88. Data on the viscosity and density of a number of suspending media, on the density of perfused liver, and on the density of homogenates are presented. From these the requirements for the preparation of layered systems for differential centrifugation can be calculated.
Primary Nodal Gastrinomas

Abstract Background.—The term primary lymph node gastrinoma was first used to describe a group of patients with gastrin-producing tumors present in lymph nodes located in a well-defined anatomic re...
An efficient adaptive interlace-to-progressive scan conversion scheme and hardware implementation

The digital television (DTV) technology becomes widely available and the need for a good interlace-to-progressive conversion (IPC) algorithm becomes more inevitable. In this paper, a new IPC scheme is proposed, which combines several existing techniques and is suitable for hardware implementation. The proposed scheme consists of three components: a spatial linear pre-filter, a motion estimator, and a three stage adaptive recursive (3SAR) filter. The proposed adaptive filter improves the performance of the system without requiring complex hardware design. The computer simulations and real-time FPGA/ASIC implementation demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in hardware applications.
EXTENSIBLE PROGRAMMING: BEYOND REUSABLE OBJECTS

This paper describes the rapid development of a set of 30 custom-designed statistical routines that make use of the special features of the NEXTSTEP operating and development environment. The speed and flexibility of this effort was made possible because of NEXTSTEP’s object-oriented approach to programming, including the ability to dynamically load new objects as a program is running.
Torsion in cohomology of compact Lie groups and Chow rings of reductive algebraic groups

The purpose of the present note is to give a general procedure for calculating the singular cohomology H*(K, IFp) with coefficients in an arbitrary finite field IFv of a connected compact Lie group K. Simultaneously, we calculate the Chow ring A(G, IFp)..=A(G)| p of the corresponding complex algebraic group G, and the degrees of the basic "generalized invariants" of the Weyl group W in arbitrary characteristic p. A mysterious connection between the degrees of generators of A(G, IFp) and the kernel of the principal nilpotent element in characteristic p is pointed out. The computation of real cohomology of compact Lie groups started by E. Cartan in 1929 was completed for classical groups by R. Brauer and by L. Pontryagin in 1935. H. Hopf and H. Samelson showed in 1941 that H*(K, F,.) is an exterior algebra on generators of degrees 2 d 1 1 . . . . ,2dr-l , where l = r a n k K . But only in 1949 C.T. Yen managed to compute the d; for all exceptional groups, case by case. On the other hand, C. Chevalley and J. Leray showed that the d i are nothing else but the degrees of the basic invariants over of the Weyl group W. A simple procedure for calculating the dl was given in the late fifties by A.J. Coleman and by B. Kostant. Nowadays this is common knowledge. The problem of computing the torsion in H*(K,Z) proved to be more recalcitrant. This was done by several authors: C.E. Miller settled SO,, in 1953 [,23], A. Borel settled Spin,, Ad Spin,, and the quotients of SU, and Sp, in 1954 [,6], P.F. Baum and W. Browder settled the remaining classical group, the semispin group, in 1965 [-4]. G 2 and F 4 were settled in 1954 [6], and the p > 3 torsion for E 6 and p>5tors ion for Ev,E s in 1961 [,7], by A. Borel. S. Araki computed the 2-torsion for E 6 , E 7 [-1] and the 3-torsion for E 7 , E s [2], and announced the 2-torsion for E 8 in a joint paper with Y. Shikata in 1961 [-3]. The details of the proof for the last result have appeared only recently [,18]. There was an error in [,1] in the case of Ad E 7, which has been fixed in [,13].
Investigating the Visual Functions of Fixational Eye Movements

Precise control of the retinal stimulus is necessary to elucidate the visual function of the instability of natural fixation. This talk will review a real-time system for gaze-contingent display which was designed for this purpose.
Alkali ion exchange reactions with RbA1SiO4: A new metastable polymorph of KA1SiO4

Abstract A new metastable polymorph of KA1SiO4 has been prepared by K+ ion exchange of orthorhombic RbA1SiO4 (a=9.215±.001, b=5.329±.001, c =8.742±.001 A ). The new phase is pseudo-orthorhombic with a=18.151±.003, b=10.551±.002, c =8.490±.001 A with apparent Cc★★ symmetry but may be monoclinic. This new polymorph is metastable at temperatures up to approximately 1100°C where it transforms to normal “low” orthorhombic KA1SiO4.
Independent dominating sets in triangle-free graphs

The independent domination number of a graph is the smallest cardinality of an independent set that dominates the graph. In this paper we consider the independent domination number of triangle-free graphs. We improve several of the known bounds as a function of the order and minimum degree, thereby answering conjectures of Haviland.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis clinically exacerbated by type I hypersensitivity.

Abstract Type I hypersensitivity can interfere with evolution of Type IV immune responses. A 16-year-old female with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis may exemplify a clinical consequence of this immune interaction. Ungual candidiasis occurred at age 2 years. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed and treated at 8 years of age. By age 14, candidiasis, which involved her buccal mucosa, paronychia, face, and vagina, was refractory to topical nystatin, intravenous amphotericin B, and transfer factor. Abnormal laboratory findings included IgA deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and antibodies against erythrocyte, thyroid, and thyroglobulin antigens. At age 14, while lymphocyte transformation with candidal antigen remained consistently negative, skin testing with this antigen revealed both an immediate wheal and flare and a positive delayed hypersensitivity response at 48 hr. Unusual features of this patient's illness included exacerbation of the candidal lesions on her buccal mucosa by topical food allergens in the setting of undetectable salivary IgA. A history of buccal mucosal sensitivity to banana was confirmed by skin testing. Exacerbation of her oral candidiasis occurred repeatedly upon rechallenge with banana. Avoidance of this food and the use of topical fungistatic therapy resulted in dramatic improvement of her oral lesions.
Melanoma-induced suppression of tumor antigen-specific T cell expansion is comparable to suppression of global T cell expansion

We have observed that in vivo interaction between melanoma and resting T cells promotes suppression of antigen-driven proliferative T cell expansion. We hypothesized that this suppression would affect tumor antigen-specific T cell populations more potently than tumor-unrelated T cell populations. A B16F10 cell line was stably transfected to express low levels of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein GP33 (B16GP33). Mice bearing B16F10 or B16GP33 tumors were infected with LCMV, and proliferative expansion of LCMV epitope-specific T cell populations was quantified. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed low levels of antigenic GP33 expression by B16GP33 tumors. Suppressed expansion of GP33-specific T cells was equivalent between mice bearing B16F10 and B16GP33 tumors. These observations suggest that the ability of growing melanoma tumors to impair antigen-driven proliferative expansion of activated T cells is global and not antigen-specific, and provide further insight into the influence of cancer on activated T cell homeostasis.
THE DEREK PRICE ARCHIVE AT THE ADLER PLANETARIUM

title SUMMARY /title The scholarly legacy of Derek Price resides in two archives one at La Villette near Paris and one at the Adler Planetarium Astronomy Museum in Chicago. The Adler archive is primarily photographic, comprising several thousand prints and hundreds of slides, lantern slides, and large-format transparencies. The largest subject categories are Astrolabes and Sundials. In addition to this photography, the archive includes sketches and photographs of the Antikythera mechanism and a written appraisal of the Adler collection circa 1960.
Assessing business risk: The case of Premier Punch, Inc

Abstract The recently issued Statement on Auditing Standards No. 109, Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement, emphasizes the need for auditors to understand the client’s business and environment, particularly the client’s business risk [American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) (2006a), understanding the entity and its environment and assessing the risks of material misstatement, Statement on Auditing Standards No. 109. New York, NY: AICPA]. However, the manner in which auditors obtain such an understanding, especially an auditor’s assessment of a client’s business risk, is often challenging for students because they lack the business experience necessary to perform such an assessment. This case provides students with an opportunity to assess business risk in a realistic context that includes evidence beyond the content of the financial statements. Company information is provided via a webpage ( www.premierpunch.com ) with content similar to that of an actual investor relations site. Students must evaluate the information presented in the company’s annual report, press releases and other sources, and consider the impact of that information on several facets of business risk. Students also perform an analytical review of the company’s financial statements and synthesize the case information into a professional memo containing their assessment of business risk.
An electromyographic study of the human lateral pterygoid muscles

An electromyographic investigation of the lateral pterygoid muscles was undertaken to determine their activity relative to isolated and functional movements of the mandible. Daerally in the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. Surface electrodes were placed bilaterally on the skin over the temporalis and masseter muscles. Our data strongly suggest that separate roles for the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid cannot be supported electromyographically. In addition, the lateral pterygoid is active in protrusive movements, including an incisor clench, and not active in retrusion or a molar clench. Both lateral pterygoid muscles initiate depression of the mandible and the contralateral muscle initiates a lateral transversion. The ipsilateral activity present is not sufficient to be an active stabilizer of the temporomandibular joint. In the chewing cycle, the lateral pterygoids are bilaterally active, both in alternation with and overlapping the elevating musculature. The sequence of the lateral pterygoid activity in the chewing cycle is led by the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid muscle.
Flight Behavior and Color-trap Preference of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Citrus Orchard

A significantly greater number of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) adults were attracted to a yellow (570 µm) trap than were attracted to green (510 µm), red (630 µm), blue (450 µm), fluorescent yellow (550 µm), white, or clear traps. The optimum trap height for a sticky yellow trap within a citrus orchard was 0.76 m, although whiteflies commonly flew above the tree canopies. P. myricae flew between sunrise and dusk, with flight peaks occurring during late morning and late afternoon. Abiotic factors such as sunlight, wind velocity, and temperature appeared to influence flight behavior.
Conduit selection for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: contemporary options and outcomes

Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, with the establishment of an unobstructed pathway between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries, is a task that the congenital heart surgeon frequently faces. In situations where this outflow tract is congenitally absent, or the pulmonary valve has been used to replace a dysfunctional left ventricular outflow tract, a conduit is usually required to establish pulmonary blood flow. Cryopreserved homografts are currently favored for this, though these nonviable valved allografts have certain limitations. The following review will further define the problem of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction, with an emphasis on conduit selection and possible alternatives to conduit repair.
Failure mode maps for foam core sandwich beams

Abstract Sandwich panels can fail in several ways. The faces and core can yield plastically or fracture depending on the nature of the materials from which they are made; the compressive face can buckle locally or “wrinkle”, and the bond between the faces and core can fracture, causing delamination. The critical failure mode, which occurs at the lowest load, depends in part on the properties of the face and core materials and, in part, on the design of the beam. Here, we develop equations describing the load at which failure occurs for each possible failure mode for a sandwich beam with face and core materials that yield plastically. We then develop a failure mode map, with axes of core relative density and the ratio of face thickness to span length, which, for a given loading configuration and set of face and unfoamed solid core materials, shows the dominant failure mode for every possible beam design. Tests on sandwich beams with aluminum faces and rigid polyurethane foam cores show that the equations and map describe failure well. The map can then be used to design the minimum-weight sandwich beam for a given strength. Similar failure mode maps can be developed for sandwich beams made from face and core materials that fracture and for sandwich plates.
Between Technology and Literacy

Art education exists between technology and literacy, that is, between the methods social groups use to equip themselves with material objects, to shape and control their environment, and the mastery of specific technologies used to communicate ideas and values. Technology and literacy also function as metaphors, implied comparisons between the visual arts and realms of contemporary education generally seen as possessing higher status in Western cultures. My intent in this historical essay is to examine both terms in historical contexts grounded in North American art education in order to reveal elements of political and social control in these metaphors. While art-making is a means to technical literacy, responding to visual images has been used as a means to maintain social groups and continue particular cultural traditions. Art education itself can be considered one of many technologies useful in managing a complex society, at the same time as it is perceived as a means of human liberation.
Regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Expression by an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Signaling, Vitamin D Receptor-independent Pathway

Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent mechanisms regulate human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP)/LL-37 in various cell types, but CAMP expression also increases after external perturbations (such as infection, injuries, UV irradiation, and permeability barrier disruption) in parallel with induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We demonstrate that CAMP mRNA and protein expression increase in epithelial cells (human primary keratinocytes, HaCaT keratinocytes, and HeLa cells), but not in myeloid (U937 and HL-60) cells, following ER stress generated by two mechanistically different, pharmacological stressors, thapsigargin or tunicamycin. The mechanism for increased CAMP following exposure to ER stress involves NF-κB activation leading to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) activation via MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, both increased CAMP secretion and its proteolytic processing to LL-37 are required for antimicrobial activities occur following ER stress. In addition, topical thapsigargin also increases production of the murine homologue of CAMP in mouse epidermis. Finally and paradoxically, ER stress instead suppresses the 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-induced activation of VDR, but blockade of VDR activity does not alter ER stress-induced CAMP up-regulation. Hence, ER stress increases CAMP expression via NF-κB-C/EBPα activation, independent of VDR, illuminating a novel VDR-independent role for ER stress in stimulating innate immunity.
“The Way We Hear Ourselves is Different from the Way Others Hear Us”: Exploring the Literate Identities of a Black Radio Youth Collective

How do black students acquire academic literacy skills without being severed from their cultural and historical identit(ies)? In this article, the author presents instances of literacy events in an out-of-school program called Youth Voices that serves to create opportunities for development of a strong sense of historical and cultural identity. An examination of Youth Voices provides insight into African American adolescent language and literacy learning at the intersection of youth media production and civic engagement.
Joint flow-seismic inversion for characterizing fractured reservoirs: theoretical approach and numerical modeling

Traditionally, seismic interpretation is performed without any account of the flow behavior. Here, we present a methodology to characterize fractured geologic media by integrating flow and seismic data. The key element of the proposed approach is the identification of the intimate relation between acoustic and flow responses of a fractured reservoir through the fracture compliance. By means of synthetic models, we show that: (1) owing to the strong (but highly uncertain) dependence of fracture permeability on fracture compliance, the modeled flow response in a fractured reservoir is highly sensitive to the geophysical interpretation; and (2) by incorporating flow data (well pressures and production curves) into the inversion workflow, we can simultaneously reduce the error in the seismic interpretation and improve predictions of the reservoir flow dynamics.
The 1998 Castroviejo Lecture. New strategies in the treatment of dry-eye states.

PurposeTo review developments in dry-eye research leading to new therapeutic possibilities and to suggest a prioritizing schema.MethodsNew development in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnoses, and treatment of dry-eye states have been reviewed along with the possible impact on new therape
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-I and Regulation of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I catalyzes the regulated step in overall mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The enzyme is controlled by the steady state level of malonyl-CoA and the enzyme’s sensitivity to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. The former is established by the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, while the latter is influenced by post-translational modification (phosphorylation) of CPT-I and/or by changes in the lipid environment of CPT-I.
Canalization of arousal in the preweanling rat: effects of amphetamine on aggregation with surrogate stimuli

Preweanling rats, 15 days of age, were placed in an unfamiliar cage containing 1 of a variety of surrogate conspecific stimuli. The surrogate stimuli consisted of a rat-sized aluminum tube covered with soft fluffy synthetic fur, a tanned rat pelt, felt, and an aluminum sheet. The surrogate was either maintained at ambient temperature or heated to body surface temperature (37 degrees C). The 1st experiment revealed that both furriness (length and softness of fur) and temperature of the surrogate stimulus are important determinants of conspecific aggregation (huddling). The 2nd experiment demonstrated that preference for the soft, fluffy surrogate was not mediated by temperature conservation by showing that the same huddling behavior was obtained when ambient temperature was raised to thermoneutrality (33 degrees C). The final experiment demonstrated that amphetamine restricted the range of surrogate stimuli that elicited huddling in the preweanling rat. The finding that amphetamine produces a steeper generalization gradient of approach to surrogate stimuli further confirms our previous hypothesis that amphetamine canalizes arousal toward salient environmental stimuli. These findings have implications for the use of amphetamines to treat hyperkinetic children.
Electromagnetic and isospin breaking effects decrease ϵ′/ϵ

Abstract The effects are examined on standard model predictions of ϵ′ which are generated by electromagnetism and by isospin breaking due to quark mass differences. Such corrections are potentially important because the first-order result is strongly suppressed by the ΔI = 1 2 rule. A factor of two or three reduction is found in the predicted value of ϵ′/ϵ.