cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NNH mechanism in low-NOx hydrogen combustion: Experimental and numerical analysis of formation pathways

Abstract The role of the NNH mechanism in NOx formation is investigated using an atmospheric-pressure jet-stirred reactor (JSR). Two sets of hydrogen combustion experiments are performed over a range of fuel–air equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.8–1.3). Each experimental series uses a different diluent to maintain the temperature of the JSR recirculation zone while varying the fuel–air equivalence ratio. Nitrogen and argon were used as diluents to control the reactor temperature at 1635 K and 1525 K, respectively. In the fuel-lean region, the NOx increases with the fuel–air ratio until the stoichiometric condition (ϕ = 1) is reached, and then decreases in the fuel-rich region with a further increase in the equivalence ratio. A 2D axisymmetric CFD model is used to examine temperature and species distribution in the JSR and to guide the choice of chemical reactor network (CRN). The CFD modeling shows the NNH is formed in the flame brush for all ϕ, the region of high NNH concentration spreads into the recirculation zone for the fuel-rich conditions. Three different CRN schemes are evaluated to model NOx formation. The nitrogen chemistry of Klippenstein et al. (2011) and Glarborg et al. (2018) show the best agreement with the NOx data. The CRN analysis suggests that NNH is the main contributor in the NOx formation during the fuel-rich combustion. For the fuel-lean conditions, the contribution from the nitrous oxide mechanism is significant.
0020 The impact of focused child passenger safety (CPS) education on pediatric nurses’ knowledge of CPS

Statement of purpose Motor vehicle traffic crashes are one of the top mechanisms of injury for children in New York City and throughout the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, 2019) encourages hospitals to provide child passenger safety (CPS) programming and resources to ensure that children are being transported safely upon discharge. Literature shows that implementing a CPS education program in pediatric hospitals is an effective way to decrease car seat misuse. Although discharge education is recommended, there is a lack of literature to show the knowledge level of nurses who provide this education. The purpose of this study is to determine the CPS knowledge level of RNs before and after an educational session given by a Certified Child Passenger Safety Technician Instructor. Methods/Approach 133 RNs in the Neonatal ICU, Pediatric ICU, General Pediatric Unit, and Mother-Baby Unit in a hospital in New York City participated. Pre/post-test design was used. A demographic questionnaire and an 11 question pre/post-test was given. A 30-minute education session on CPS was given by a Certified Child Passenger Safety Technician Instructor to all RNs. Results There was a significant increase (p≤0.0001) in child passenger safety confidence and knowledge level in participating RNs after a 30-minute modular educational session, as evidenced by post-test scores. Conclusion Appropriate knowledge of CPS is essential for RNs when they are expected to provide discharge education to caregivers. The results of this study support providing formal CPS education to all RNs working in pediatric hospitals.
Evolutionary rate covariation identifies SLC30A9 (ZnT9) as a mitochondrial zinc transporter.

Abstract Recent advances in genome sequencing have led to the identification of new ion and metabolite transporters, many of which have not been characterized. Due to the variety of subcellular localizations, cargo and transport mechanisms, such characterization is a daunting task, and predictive approaches focused on the functional context of transporters are very much needed. Here we present a case for identifying a transporter localization using evolutionary rate covariation (ERC), a computational approach based on pairwise correlations of amino acid sequence evolutionary rates across the mammalian phylogeny. As a case study, we find that poorly characterized transporter SLC30A9 (ZnT9) uniquely and prominently coevolves with several components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation chain, suggesting mitochondrial localization. We confirmed this computational finding experimentally using recombinant human SLC30A9. SLC30A9 loss caused zinc mishandling in the mitochondria, suggesting that under normal conditions it acts as a zinc exporter. We therefore propose that ERC can be used to predict the functional context of novel transporters and other poorly characterized proteins.
Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of children, carried a 10–15% survival rate in the late 1960s. Since then, better understanding of biology and pathology of the tumor and the judicious use of chemotherapy and radiation has improved the prognosis drastically. In addition instead of extirpative surgery, organ salvage is now feasible in many of these children. In this article the authors review current information regarding pathology, diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma
Estrogen excretion during pregnancy in a high-risk population

Abstract The importance of serial estrogen determinations in high-risk pregnancies is well established. Motivational and methodologic factors contribute to making 24 hour urine measurements somewhat impractical. The present study presents data from 219 high-risk pregnancies with the use of a simplified technique involving estrogen/creatinine ratios in single voided urine samples. We collected 1,292 specimens from the individuals in the study. Slope and direction of curves during pregnancy approximated known values for 24 hour collections. The normal hormonal patterns obtained correctly forecast favorable obstetric outcome. Average values from the thirtieth week of gestation to delivery significantly correlated with infant birth weight. Other maternal parameters correlating with infant birth weight seemed separate and unrelated to this hormonal factor. Hormonal patterns in pregnancies ending prematurely were considerably different from those with small-for-dates infants. Possible implications are discussed.
Aging, sexuality and

Sexuality assumes many forms. The type and expression of sexual activity are similarly variable and influenced by physical, sociocultural, and attitudinal factors. Current controversies in the area include sexual expression in institutional settings and/or in relation to ability and disease, as well as recognition and understanding of sexual diversity and LGBT inclusion. Keywords: aging, cohort; consent, LGBT
Normal and Pathological Behavior in Adolescence

The term adolescence is a biosocial designation that describes the developmental period during the second decade of life. It begins with the biological changes of puberty and ends when the social status of adulthood is attained.
Leveraging the CAPTCHA problem

Efforts to defend against automated attacks on e-commerce services have led to a new security protocol known as a CAPTCHA, a challenge designed to exploit gaps in the perceptual abilities between humans and machines. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for building CAPTCHA’s which offers simultaneous benefits to both online security and pattern recognition research. We illustrate our discussion with a number of examples and suggest various directions for future work.
Open Content Web Mapping Service: A Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Approach

This project looks at using RSS protocols to create an environment that causes more geospatial portals users to become long-term users. RSS is a syndication method for delivering content to users. By pushing content to users on a timely basis one can address the three-stated user loss factors. For the novelty and stagnation factor providing an active content delivery system that sends timely information to the user will continually peak the user interest in the geospatial portal. Currently, most RSS aggregator software collects syndicated information solely based on time. This method works well for the content providers of aspatial information. By customizing the RSS aggregator software to collect based on both time and location the RSS protocol can work for location based services automatically.
An expert system architecture to detect system-level automotive EMC problems

Improving EMC in automobiles requires methods to detect potential problems early in the design process. Issues involved in the development of a system-level automotive EMC expert system are explored. The proposed system would help identify problems with radiation and immunity, crosstalk, placement of modules, component grounding and EMC testing. The architecture of the expert system has been developed. The system architecture is designed to allow rapid analysis of automobile designs, to point out potential problems and to suggest possible solutions.
Market reactions to the first‐time issuance of corporate sustainability reports: Evidence that quality matters

Purpose – The paper attempts to determine whether market participants see value in the corporate choice to begin publishing a standalone sustainability report. It also seeks to investigate whether differences in market reactions are associated with the quality of the sustainability report.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses standard market model methods to isolate the unexpected change in market returns in the period surrounding the announcement of the release of a first‐time sustainability report.Findings – The paper finds, on average, no significant market reaction to the announcement of the release of the sustainability reports. However, in cross‐sectional analyses, it is found that companies with the highest quality reports exhibited significantly more positive market reactions than companies issuing lower quality reports. These results hold when we control for firm size and membership in socially exposed industries.Research limitations/implications – The paper examines only the US firms and ...
Hemoglobin Polymorphism in White-Tailed Deer: Subunit Basis

A variety of aberrant erythrocyte forms have been related to seven adult and two fetal hemoglobins in white-tailed deer. While sickling of the erythrocyte was not associated with a single hemoglobin type, it was precluded by hemoglobin V or VII, even when in combination with other hemoglobin types normally associated with sickling. The subunit basis of the hemoglobin polymorphism was presented. Two kinds of α subunits, six kinds of β subunits and one γ subunit were related to the whole hemoglobin molecule. The heterogeneity of the deer hemoglobins was based upon a variety of combinations of these numerous polypeptide chains. It was concluded from the results of limited structural studies that there were multiple peptide differences upon comparison of three non-α polypeptide chains.
Continuing Medical Education: The Impact of Mental Illness and Psychotropic Medications on Sexual Functioning: The Evidence and Management (CME)

ABSTRACT Background Sexual dysfunction (SD) occurs frequently in patients with psychiatric illness. Methods The published literature on SD in patients with a psychiatric illness and/or taking psychotropic medications was reviewed. Results SD prevalence and type was found to vary with the specific psychiatric illness and medication treatment. Assessment is complicated by the presence of preexisting or comorbid sexual disorders or medical illness affecting sexual function. Direct questioning about sexual function before treatment and throughout the course of therapy is essential to establish baseline sexual functioning, patient preferences regarding medication side effects, and to identify medication-associated SD. A limited number of management strategies for SD in psychiatric patients have been systematically studied. Conclusions SD with psychiatric illness and its treatment requires early identification, and incorporation of patient preferences for successful management. Clayton AH, and Balon R. The Impact of mental illness and psychotropic medications on sexual functioning: The evidence and management. J Sex Med 2009;6:1200–1211.
Concentration and retention of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by marine snails demonstrate a novel mechanism for transmission of terrestrial zoonotic pathogens in coastal ecosystems

Summary The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is an environmentally persistent pathogen that can cause fatal disease in humans, terrestrial warm-blooded animals and aquatic mammals. Although an association between T. gondii exposure and prey specialization on marine snails was identified in threatened California sea otters, the ability of kelp-dwelling snails to transmit terrestrially derived pathogens has not been previously investigated. The objective of this study was to measure concentration and retention of T. gondii by marine snails in laboratory aquaria, and to test for natural T. gondii contamination in field-collected snails. Following exposure to T. gondii-containing seawater, oocysts were detected by microscopy in snail faeces and tissues for 10 and 3 days respectively. Nested polymerase chain reaction was also applied as a method for confirming putative T. gondii oocysts detected in snail faeces and tissues by microscopy. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in field-collected snails. Results suggest that turban snails are competent transport hosts for T. gondii. By concentrating oocysts in faecal pellets, snails may facilitate entry of T. gondii into the nearshore marine food web. This novel mechanism also represents a general pathway by which marine transmission of terrestrially derived microorganisms can be mediated via pathogen concentration and retention by benthic invertebrates.
Back to the Future: Charting the Course for Project Impact

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s Project Impact initiative has drastically altered the landscape of disaster mitigation activities throughout the United States. Through partnering with local and state government, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations, FEMA has established a means to accomplish a goal of significant mutual benefit: disaster resistant communities. By emphasizing the importance of land-use planning in addition to the traditional forms of mitigation, such as acquisition of property, elevation of buildings, and rehabilitation of existing structures, the Project Impact initiative is working toward a comprehensive, community-based process to incorporate technology effectively into hazard identification and sound public policy. The writer urges communities to reembrace an approach that respects the land and the forces of nature and to move away from a reflexive orientation toward sole reliance on structural solutions. This approach can more effectively establish a future with reduced risk from all natural hazards.
Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adult U.S. Hispanics: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey (1986 to 1994)

Abstract Objectives. We sought to estimate the coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality experience of U.S. Hispanics. Background. Limited information is available concerning the mortality from CHD among U.S. Hispanics, the nation’s second largest minority group. Methods. The study used data from the National Health Interview Survey (1986 to 1994), including representative national samples of 246,239 non-Hispanic whites, 38,042 blacks and 14,965 Hispanics who were ≥45 years old at baseline. Mean follow-up of mortality was 5 years (range 1 to 10). Results. During the follow-up period, 27,702 whites (11%), 4,976 blacks (13%) and 1,061 Hispanics (7%) died. Among men, the age-adjusted total mortality per 100,000 person-years was 3,089 in whites and 2,466 in Hispanics, and among women, it was 1,897 and 1,581 in whites and Hispanics, respectively. The Hispanic/white mortality rate ratio for CHD was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64 to 0.93) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.01) for men and women, respectively. The rate ratio was 0.79 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.91) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.94), respectively, for mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Given the lower all-cause mortality in Hispanics, the proportion of total deaths due to CHD and CVD was similar between the two populations for the same gender and were, respectively, 29.7% and 44.7% in white men, 28.1% and 44.3% in Hispanic men, 24.9% and 43.2% in white women and 24.1% and 41% in Hispanic women. Conclusions. These data from a cohort of a large national sample are consistent with vital statistics that show that all-cause, CHD and CVD mortality is ∼20% lower among adult Hispanics than among whites in the United States.
Do Business Improvement District Organizations Make a Difference? Crime In and Around Commercial Areas in Philadelphia

The business improvement district (BID) is an international, yet controversial, model for urban revitalization. This article contributes to the BID debate by identifying the theories that underpin the model, developing a conceptual framework that examines the linkages between crime theories and BID services, and—through the use of spatial and statistical methods of analysis—measuring the impact of BID organizations on criminal activity in and around commercial areas. Results show that lower property crime rates differentiate commercial areas with BID organizations from those without BIDs and that the lower rates are not matched by higher crime in surrounding blocks.
Highly dealkylated copper and nickel etioporphyrins in marine sediments

Abstract Copper porphyrins have been recognized as natural constituents of marine sediments only within the past 5 years (Palmer and Baker, 1978, Science201, 49–51). In that report it was suggested that these pigments may derive from and be markers for oxidized terrestrial organic matter redeposited in the marine environment. In the present study we describe the distribution of copper porphyrins in sediments from several north Pacific and Gulf of California DSDP/IPQD sites (Legs 56,63,64). These allochthonous pigments have now been found to be accompanied by identical arrays of highly dealkylated nickel etioporphyrins. Evaluation of data from this and past studies clearly reveals that there is a strong carbon-number distribution similarity betweeen coincident Cu and Ni etioporphyrins. This homology match is taken as reflecting a common source for the tetrapyrrole ligands of this population of Cu and Ni chelates. Predepositional generation of these highly dealkylated etioporphyrins is concluded from the occurrence of these pigments in sediments continuing essentially all stages of in situ chlorophyll diagenesis (cf. Baker) and Louda, 1983a, Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981, pp. 401–421). That is, their presence is not regulated by the in situ diagenetic continuum. Thus, the highly dealkylated Cu and Ni etioporphyrins represent an ‘allochthonous’ background over which ‘autochthonous’ (viz. marine produced) chlorophyll derivatives are deposited and are undergoing in situ diagenesis.
Strategic approaches to osteoporosis in transplantation.

: Recipients of stem cell transplantation are at risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Longitudinal studies performed in adults have shown that significant bone demineralization occurs following myeloablative therapy and subsequent immune suppression. Among children and adolescents, cross-sectional analyses indicate that younger patients are also at risk for long-term bone toxicity. Strategies to detect and manage this disorder in pediatric SCT recipients are presented.
Viable Alternative to N719 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A new synthetically facile heteroleptic ruthenium(II) sensitizer (NBu4)[Ru(4,7-dpp)(dcbpyH)(NCS)2], coded as YS5, where NBu4 is tetrabutylammonium, 4,7-dpp is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and dcbpyH is the singly deprotonated surface anchoring derivative of 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine (dcbpyH2), was designed, synthesized, and incorporated into regenerative mesoscopic titania-based dye-sensitized solar cells. The sensitizer has characteristic broad, high extinction coefficient MLCT bands spanning the visible spectrum. The compound was fully characterized by 1D and 2D 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, UV−vis, photoluminescence, Raman, IR, and electrochemistry. YS5 exhibits strong visible absorption properties with a molar extinction coefficient of 1.71 × 104 M−1 cm−1 at its 522 nm maximum. In operational liquid junction-based DSSCs under simulated AM 1.5G one-sun excitation (100 mW/cm2), the photovoltaic performance of YS5 compares almost equally against the current benchmark sensitizer N719 in side-by-side com...
A Survey of Massive Star Clusters in the X-ray Emission from Spiral Galaxies

The massive star clusters identified by S. Larsen are compared to the available Chandra observations of face-on spiral galaxies. In each galaxy, a few percent of the Larsen-identified clusters match X-ray-emitting point sources. An additional few match knots of emission in the diffuse emission. The cluster properties are examined to ascertain whether massive star clusters are X-ray sources.
Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries (SPCLs) : identification of the antigenic determinant of β-endorphin recognized by monoclonal antibody 3E7

Abstract The use of synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries (SPCLs), each composed of tens of millions of peptides, is described here for the identification of bioactive peptides. The identification of optimal peptide sequences is achieved through the screening of SPCLs in solution, each element of which is composed of more than 105 nonsupport-bound peptides in approximately equimolar representation, along with an iterative synthesis and screening process. Using an SPCL composed in total of 52 128 400 nonacetylated hexapeptides, along with an iterative selection process based on competitive ELISA, we identified the antigenic determinant of β-endorphin recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3E7. These results will be compared with the results found by others investigating mAb 3E7 using different peptide library approaches.
A tale of two wave trains

Abstract The present study is an investigation into the transfer of the wave energy as it propagates through the surf zone and the consequent evolution of the wave trains and the corresponding envelope of the wave trains. The generation of long wave energy is investigated and one approach to developing the nonlinear transfer function for the transformation process is attempted. A nondimensionalized format for expressing the data is suggested for clarifying future studies of this type.
Exploring quantum control landscapes: Topology, features, and optimization scaling

Quantum optimal control experiments and simulations have successfully manipulated the dynamics of systems ranging from atoms to biomolecules. Surprisingly, these collective works indicate that the effort (i.e., the number of algorithmic iterations) required to find an optimal control field appears to be essentially invariant to the complexity of the system. The present work explores this matter in a series of systematic optimizations of the state-to-state transition probability on model quantum systems with the number of states N ranging from 5 through 100. The optimizations occur over a landscape defined by the transition probability as a function of the control field. Previous theoretical studies on the topology of quantum control landscapes established that they should be free of suboptimal traps under reasonable physical conditions. The simulations in this work include nearly 5000 individual optimization test cases, all of which confirm this prediction by fully achieving optimal population transfer of at least 99.9% on careful attention to numerical procedures to ensure that the controls are free of constraints. Collectively, the simulation results additionally show invariance of required search effort to system dimension N. This behavior is rationalized in terms of the structural features of the underlying control landscape. The very attractive observedmore » scaling with system complexity may be understood by considering the distance traveled on the control landscape during a search and the magnitude of the control landscape slope. Exceptions to this favorable scaling behavior can arise when the initial control field fluence is too large or when the target final state recedes from the initial state as N increases.« less
Comparison of RBE values of 15 MeV neutrons for damage to an experimental tumour and some normal tissues

Abstract -A 15 MeV deuterium-tritium neutron generator yielding between 1 x 1012 and 3 x 1012 neutrons per sec was used to measure damage in the EMT6 tumour, bone marrow, oesophagus, and lung of the mouse. RBE and OER values for the tumour are relatively close to those previously reported for the R-1 rhabdomyosarcoma in the rat, the RBE ranging from 6.3 at 50% survival of hypoxic cells downward as a function of dose and the OER for neutrons being 1.8. The RBE's for bone marrow CPU's, oesophageal lethality, and pulmonary lethality were 1.6, 4, and 2.2, respectively. These results confirm the relative consistency of rodent tumours in response to neutrons and add further evidence of the wide range of RBE's to be expected in normal tissues.
An Overview of Sequential Bayesian Filtering in Ocean Acoustics

Sequential filtering provides a suitable framework for estimating and updating the unknown parameters of a system as data become available. The foundations of sequential Bayesian filtering with emphasis on practical issues are first reviewed covering both Kalman and particle filter approaches. Filtering is demonstrated to be a powerful estimation tool, employing prediction from previous estimates and updates stemming from physical and statistical models that relate acoustic measurements to the unknown parameters. Ocean acoustic applications are then reviewed focusing on source tracking, estimation of environmental parameters evolving in time or space, and frequency tracking. Spatial arrival time tracking is illustrated with 2006 Shallow Water Experiment data.
On the cause of offspring superiority conferred by mycorrhizal infection of Abutilon theophrasti

summary In previous studies we demonstrated that for Abutilon theophrasti Medic, offspring of mycorrhizal plants grew more rapidly than did offspring of non-mycorrhizal plants. This observation was verified in the current study. We hypothesized that the faster growth of offspring of mycorrhizal plants was caused by a superior ability to absorb nutrients, since offspring of mycorrhizal plants produced faster-growing root systems with higher phosphatase activities. We tested the hypothesis by growing offspring plants in distilled water. Despite the absence of any nutrients short-term growth rates of offspring of mycorrhizal plants were still significantly greater than those of offspring of non-mycorrhizal plants. We conclude that the faster growth of offspring of mycorrhizal plants is nor caused by a superior ability to acquire external resources.
Issues concerning the preparation of ohmic contacts to n-GaN

Abstract Several processing parameters for Ti/Al ohmic contacts to n-GaN have been considered in this study. Ti/Al contacts are widely used as low resistance contacts in GaN-based electronic and photonic devices, but the processing issues of these contacts are not thoroughly understood to allow proper standardization. In this study, we have looked at the effects of different Ti:Al layer thickness ratios, oxidizing atmospheres, wet surface cleaning procedures, and deposition techniques on the Ti/Al contact structure's performance. A parallel processing study of Ti/Al contacts with more novel contacts is suggested as a means of controlling the many inherent variables that are shown to affect contact performance. We have used this parallel processing method to quantify the performance of a novel NiAl contact to n-GaN.
Accurate calibration of relativistic mean-field models: Correlating observables and providing meaningful theoretical uncertainties

Theoretical uncertainties in the predictions of relativistic mean-field models are estimated using a chi-square minimization procedure that is implemented by studying the small oscillations around the chi-square minimum. By diagonalizing the matrix of second derivatives, one gains access to a wealth of information---in the form of powerful correlations---that would normally remain hidden. We illustrate the power of the covariance analysis by using two relativistic mean-field models: (a) the original linear Walecka model and (b) the accurately calibrated FSUGold parametrization. In addition to providing meaningful theoretical uncertainties for both model parameters and predicted observables, the covariance analysis establishes robust correlations between physical observables. In particular, we show that, whereas the correlation coefficient between the slope of the symmetry energy and the neutron-skin thickness of lead is indeed very large, a 1$%$ measurement of the neutron radius of lead may only be able to constrain the slope of the symmetry energy to about 30$%$.
A new five factor model of psychopathology: Preliminary psychometric characteristics of the five-dimensional personality test (5DPT)

Abstract The present study investigated the preliminary psychometric characteristics of an English translation of a new five factor model of psychopathology, the five-dimensional personality test (5DPT). Internal scale reliabilities were good (median α = .86, n = 683) and test–retest reliability was excellent (r = .92, n = 67, one-week interval), replicating findings from a previous study of the Dutch version of the 5DPT. The 5DPT exhibited sufficient construct validity with a measure of Karen Horney’s tridimensional theory (Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory) and a measure of personality disorders (Coolidge Axis II Inventory) to warrant further study.
Critical Conversations: Procedure Centers and the Role in Safety, Throughput, Training, and Access to Services

VignetteA 36-year-old homeless man was brought in to the emergency room with altered mental status and was unable to give a history. Based on prior emergency visits, he has a history of IV drug abuse and alcohol abuse. His vital signs on arrival are the following: HR of 110 (regular), BP of 102/58, temperature of 98.0, and respiratory rate of 8/min. His Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7. Physical examination results are that he is grossly obtunded, responds only to deep painful stimuli, is nonverbal, and moves all extremities. Pupils are small, 2 to 3 mm, and reactive. His heart reveals regular tachycardia. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Abdomen is within normal limits. His extremities are warm to touch. Skin reveals ecchymosis. His initial head CT finding is negative for bleeding, infarct, or mass. He has severe metabolic acidosis, and the urine toxin screen result is positive for cocaine and opiates. His creatinine kinase enzyme is greater than 20,000 IU/L. Peripheral venous access attempts are unsuccessf...
"The Red Zone": Temporal Risk for Unwanted Sex Among College Students

The "red zone" usually refers to the first few weeks of the first semester at college, when female students are believed to be at greatest risk for experiencing unwanted sex. We tested this notion using data from a survey study of 207 first-and second-year students (121 women, 84 men) at a small, liberal arts university. Results demonstrated only one significant elevation in incidence rates of first- and second-year women's unwanted sexual experiences (sexual touching, attempted and completed anal, oral, and vaginal sex), between the end of the first month and fall break (mid-October) during the second year at school. Previous research and local information about the relevant behaviors of sorority and fraternity members is discussed in light of these findings to provide heuristic material for further empirical testing. Because risk may involve both temporal and situational factors, systematic collection and dissemination of local data are recommended.
Multi-dimensional coherence deblending of simultaneous sources

Recent seismic exploration research proposes blended acquisition from simultaneous sources with temporal overlap between records to reduce survey time and improve the quality of seismic imaging. However, separating source records for traditional pre-stack processing poses significant challenges. Traditional procedures are incapable to remove interference from other sources equivalent to blended noise. We propose a new approach that enforces simultaneous source coherence across multiple domains in order to estimate the maximum likely distribution of energy amongst the sources.
Abstract B23: Identification of TMPRSS2:ERG-dependent regulators of AR function and differentiation status in prostate cancer

Abstract Oncogenic translocations involve the chromosomal rearrangement and fusion of two genes, which can result in either deregulated gene expression or the generation of a chimeric protein with unique oncogenic properties. Among these, fusions of the androgen-activated gene TMPRSS2 to the ETS transcription factor ERG occur in 40%–80% of prostate cancers and result in elevated expression of the ERG gene. Although a number of studies demonstrate the importance of ERG as a driver for prostate cancer development, the molecular mechanisms of ERG-mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. A deeper understanding of how ERG disrupts normal prostate biology may ultimately assist in the development of therapies that selectively target TMPRSS2:ERG -positive prostate cancer. We provide evidence that a primary role of ERG in prostate cancer is to specifically disrupt the normal regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, resulting in a selective attenuation of AR9s ability to promote prostate epithelial cell differentiation. We are testing the hypothesis that ERG proteins require recruitment of additional cofactors to mediate these AR regulatory functions, and that some of these protein partners may be valid therapeutic targets. Towards this end, we are working to elucidate the full network of ERG-interacting proteins, and validating which of these interactors are necessary and/or sufficient for the oncogenic and de-differentiation functions of ERG in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Zineb Mounir, Raymond Pagliarini, Fallon Lin, Markus Schirle, Justin Klekota, Yan Feng, Anke Hartung, Aron Jaffe, Gilles Buchwalter, Myles Brown. Identification of TMPRSS2:ERG-dependent regulators of AR function and differentiation status in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Vaccines and Autism Revisited — The Hannah Poling Case

Hannah Poling was diagnosed with encephalopathy caused by a mitochondrial enzyme deficit. Her parents believed that vaccines had triggered her encephalopathy, and they sued the Department of Health and Human Services for compensation under the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and won. Dr. Paul Offit writes that the Poling case is best understood in the context of the decision-making process of this unusual vaccine court.
A note on local maxima in maximum likelihood, restricted maximum likelihood, and baysian estimation of variance components

maximum Likelihood (ML), Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and Bayesian methods are often preferred over other methods for estimating variance components in animal breeding. Iterative computing stategies are required for obtaining estimates with unbalanced data and models with at least two variance components. If iteration converges and the converged value is within the parameter space, it is commonly accepted as the “estimate”. However, if the likelihood or posterior density function is not unimodal, the converged value may correspond to a local but not global maximum, and not be the desired estimate. Bimodal likelihood functions have been found in ML. Analytical proofs and numerical results are presented for two–variance–component models showing that the likelihood or posterior density function is always unimodal for REML and a Bayesian method but sometimes bimodal over the permissible parameter space for ML and another Bayesian method.
Spectra and structure of organophosphorus compounds. LI. IR and Raman spectra, conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, vibrational assignment, and ab initio calculations of n-propylphosphine

Abstract The Raman (3100 to 50 cm−1) and IR (3100 to 50 cm−1) spectra of gaseous and solid n-propylphosphine, C3H7PH2, and the corresponding P-d2 isotopomer have been recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectra of the liquids have been obtained with qualitative depolarization ratios. From these data, all five possible conformers have been identified in the fluid states and the trans-trans conformer is shown to be the most stable rotamer in both the gaseous and liquid states and it is the only conformer present in the solid. The first trans refers to the orientation of the lone pair to the ethylene group (rotation around the PC bond) whereas the second trans refers to the orientation of the methyl group relative to the PC bond (rotation around the −CH2CH2 bond). The next most stable conformer is the gauche-trans rotamer where the enthalpy difference has been determined from variable-temperature Raman studies to be 140 ± 5 cm−1 (400 ± 14 cal mol−1) for the vapor and 351 ± 20 cm−1 (1004 ± 57 cal mol−1) for the liquid. The other three conformers have nearly the same stabilities but significantly higher energies than the two more stable rotamers. From the far-IR data and relative conformer stabilities, some of the coefficients of the potential function governing conformer interconversion are estimated. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for the trans-trans conformer and for the fundamentals for most of the heavy atom motions for the other conformers. The conformational stabilities, barriers to internal rotation, and fundamental vibrational frequencies which have been determined experimentally are compared to those obtained from ab initio calculations employing the RHF/3-21G* and/or RHF/6-31G* basis sets. Additionally, the conformational stabilities and structural parameters have been determined with the 6-31G* basis set with electron correlation at the MP2 level. These results are compared with the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
The Rhetorical Frame of Poussin's Theory of the Modes

In 1647, the French Classicist painter Nicolas Poussin wrote a somewhat chastising letter to his friend and patron Freart de Chantelou. Of the extant letters by Poussin, it is undoubtedly the most ...
SOME ASCOMYCETES (FUNGI) OCCURRING ON TROPICAL FERNS

The new combination Eudimeriolum cyathearum is proposed for Dimeriella cyathearum; the fungus is found on pinnae of Cyathea caudata in the Philippine Islands. Dimeriella polypodii is described from scales on pinnae of Polypodium montigenum and P. madrense in Mexico. Bioscypha cyatheae, on pinnae of Cyathea sp. in Costa Rica, is redescribed. Bioscypha pteridicola is described from pinnae of Cnemidaria uleana var. abitaguensis in Colombia. Crocicreas sessilis is described from pinnae of Cyathea divergens var. tuerckheimii in Mexico.
Serum Opacity Factor Enhances HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux, Esterification and Anti Inflammatory Effects

Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a streptococcal protein that disrupts the structure of human high density lipoproteins (HDL) releasing lipid-free apo A-I while forming a large cholesteryl ester-rich particle and a small neo HDL. Given its low cholesterol and high phospholipid contents, we tested the hypotheses that neo HDL is a better substrate for cholesterol esterification via lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), better than HDL as an acceptor of THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux, and improves reduction of oxidized LDL-induced production of inflammatory markers. We observed that both cholesterol efflux and esterification were improved by recombinant (r)SOF treatment of whole plasma and that the underlying cause of the improved cholesterol esterification in plasma and macrophage cholesterol efflux to rSOF-treated plasma was due to the rSOF-mediated conversion of HDL to neo HDL. Moreover, the reduction of secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by THP-1 cells by neo HDL was twice that of HDL. Studies in BHK cells overexpressing cholesterol transporters showed that efflux to neo HDL occurred primarily via ABCA1 not ABCG1. Thus, rSOF improves two steps in reverse cholesterol transport with a concomitant reduction in the release of macrophage markers of inflammation. We conclude that rSOF catalyzes a novel reaction that might be developed as a new therapy that prevents or reverses atherosclerosis via improved reverse cholesterol transport.
Grass roots, herbs, promotors and preventions: A re-evaluation of contemporary international health care planning. The Bolivian case

In evaluating a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project in Bolivia the author argues that the program unwittingly contributed to the situation that created Bolivias political problems. A 5-year pilot project which covered 39 villages and colonies in the Montero district in the state of Santa Cruz began in 1975 and was completed in 1980. In 1980 the project was "deobligated" when all but essential economic aid to Bolivia was halted following a political coup. The pilot project was based on 1) community participation through health care; 2) a referral system from health post of the promotor to the center with an auxiliary nurse midwife to secondary and tertiary care in hospitals by physicians; 3) an emphasis on preventive medicine; and 4) the use of traditional medicine along with other therapy by the promotor. Although these concepts sound appropriate they are in fact derived from contemporary thought in advanced industrial societies. The assumptions about social reality that are inherent in these plans actually misconstrue Bolivian society. The unintended consequences of the project actually diminish rural health care. A difference between the Western health planners conception and the Bolivian conception--of community of effective referral systems of preventive and indigenous medicines--can have the effect of producing a health care program that has little resemblance to what was originally intended. The Bolivian elite actually manipulated the USAID health care programs through hegemony in the villages. The Jeffersonian concept of community is not applicable in Bolivia where resources are only exchanged through personal contacts. In villages of multiple class or ethnic groups or both or in villages with close ties or histories of ties with larger more cosmopolitan groups multiple different interests exist. These work against each other to prevent the very cooperation envisioned by the health care programs. The author suggests that developed countries should consider native ideologies native social relations and indigenous medicine more sensitively in design.
Skeletal tuberculosis, pelvic contraction, and parturition

Obliquely contracted pelvis was observed in association with tuberculosis and dystocia (difficult parturition) in four out of 762 childbearing women in a Southeast Asian population. It is hypothesized that the pelvic contracture results from tuberculosis of the sacro-iliac joint with destruction of the sacral ala. This gross morphologic deformity, as observed in living populations, may be a useful marker for skeletal tuberculosis in prehistoric and historic populations as well. The occurrence of obliquely contracted pelvis with consequent dystocia as a specific complication of systemic tuberculosis may have direct implications for differential reproductivity.
A test for self-exciting clustering mechanism

Abstract In this paper, we propose a test to distinguish between data with cluster pattern where the variables are dependent in a self-exciting fashion versus independently identically distributed random variables. We also developed asymptotic distribution of the test statistic with closed-form covariance structure. Comparisons with scan statistics are discussed in the context of simulated earthquake data. Applications to two data sets are discussed.
Percutaneous transcatheter closure of the aortic valve to treat cardiogenic shock in a left ventricular assist device patient with severe aortic insufficiency

In this case report, we present a patient status post left ventricular assist device implantation complicated by de novo aortic insufficiency. At 8 months postimplant, the patient underwent a reoperative aortic valve repair, without complete closure of the valve. Three months after reoperation, the patient developed cardiogenic shock secondary to recurrent, severe aortic insufficiency. Ultimately, the patient underwent percutaneous, transcatheter closure of the aortic valve with an Amplatzer Cribiform device (AGA Medical Corp, Plymouth, MN). Two months post procedure, the patient remains stable with improved symptoms and functional status, and without evidence of further aortic insufficiency or device migration.
Selective gas transport in miscible PPO-PS blends

The permeation rates of He, CO2 and CH4 though miscible blends of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) at 35°C are reported as a function of pressure. Sorption isotherms for CO2 and CH4 are also presented. By using ratios of the permeabilities of the pure gases the separation factors for the gas pairs HeCH4 and CO2CH4 can be estimated. For both pairs the estimated separation factor goes through a prominent maximum, thus indicating that these blends are more permselective than expected from the behaviour of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide). This stems from mobility considerations rather than solubility effects and a qualitative free volume argument is proposed as an explanation. The sorption and transport data have been interpreted and correlated using the dual sorption-mobility models developed previously for glassy polymers. Since the commercial polystyrene used contained a small amount of mineral oil to improve flow behaviour, the effect of this additive on polystyrene properties was explored in some detail.
Colloid osmotic pressure in surgical patients and its relationship to serum protein and albumin estimations.

A series of calculated colloid osmotic pressure (C.O.P.) results have been compared with concurrently performed total serum protein and serum albumin estimations. It is concluded that in most critically ill patients, serial estimations of total serum protein, which are very easy to perform using a hand refractometer or copper sulphate bottles, give a useful guide to the C.O.P. level. In a second series of patients, colloid osmotic pressure has been calculated before and after operation in a group of patients undergoing routine abdominal surgery, and significant falls in C.O.P. have been found to occur after operation. It is suggested that this may be a contributing factor in some of those patients who suffer postoperative respiratory complications.