cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inductive Patterns, Finite Differences, and a Missing Region.

The September 1985 Arithmetic Teacher contained an article entitled "On Pat terns, Conjectures, and Proof: Developing Students' Mathematical Thinking.,, In it, author Alba Thompson discusses some situ ations that can arise in exploring patterns as a problem-solving strategy. The third of her examples involves a fairly well known problem, sometimes referred to as the "problem of the missing region," where the "obvious" pattern turns out to be incorrect (Gibbs 1973; Glenn 1968). Thompson men tions the problem and merely suggests it as an example to be used to illustrate the danger of assuming that patterns continue to hold just because they seem to be well established. I would like to explore this problem more thoroughly, in a form taken from Bill stein, Libeskind, and Lott (1981, 15, problem 3).
Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Development: Antibody-Perturbation Studies

The differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OL) and their elaboration of myelin sheaths is a crucial event of brain development. The resultant saltatory nerve conduction allows for dramatic savings in energy consumption and space utilization. Disruption of myelinogenesis causes serious neurological deficits, many with chronic implications (Morell, 1984).
Cómo cumplir con los estándares de acreditación: el papel esencial del desarrollo docente

Accreditation systems are established to set standards and to measure quality. One of the most difficult hurdles Latin American and Caribbean institutions will face as they achieve higher and higher standards will be the need to increase the qualifications of the faculty. The current state of the professorate shows a significant gap in two important areas: the extent to which faculty members have achieved graduate degrees and their rate of scientific production. An increase in the number of faculty with advanced degrees can be achieved by creating incentives for study in accredited national Ph.D. programs, sending faculty to other countries for advanced degree programs, recruiting international faculty, and investing in career development through “in service” programs such as executive education Accreditation standards that include measures of faculty achievement will provide needed incentives to bridge the knowledge gap in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Enhancing New York City's resilience to sea level rise and increased coastal flooding

Abstract Accelerating Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet ice mass losses and potential West Antarctic Ice Sheet instability may lead to higher than previously anticipated future sea levels. The New York City Panel on Climate Change Antarctic Rapid Ice Melt (ARIM) upper-end, low probability sea level rise (SLR) scenario, which incorporates recent ice loss trends, improved ice sheet-ocean-atmosphere modeling, and potential ice sheet destabilization, projects SLR of up to 2.1 m by the 2080s and up to 2.9 m by 2100, at high greenhouse gas emissions ( NPCC, 2019 ). These results exceed previous high-end SLR projections (90th percentile) of 1.5 m by the 2080s and 1.9 m by 2100, relative to 2000–2004 ( NPCC, 2015 ). By 2100, the 1% annual chance (100-year) floodplain could cover 1/3 of the city's total area under ARIM; around 1/5 of the area could be flooded during monthly high tides. Some low-lying locations could become permanently inundated by late century. Will New York City coastal resiliency initiatives, guided, in part by NPCC findings, suffice for very high sea levels? Additional research is needed to determine technological, environmental, or economic limitations to coastal protection and to decide when and where strategic relocation may become necessary.
Interactive Regulation of Neuronal Development by Hippocampal Stem Cell Niche Populations.

Microenvironment cues and cell-to-cell interactions balance stem cell quiescence with proliferation and direct neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal niche. Tang et al. report that hippocampal stem cells release feedback signals that regulate the dendritic complexity and activity of newborn neurons.
Understanding renewable energy policy adoption and evolution in Europe: The impact of coercion, normative emulation, competition, and learning

Abstract This article explores the diffusion of renewable energy policies across nation-states of Europe. In doing so, alternative models of diffusion processes are compared to understand the role of coercion, emulation, competition and learning. Going beyond the traditional analysis of individual policies, this paper explains the adoption of five groups of renewable energy policies. It proceeds by estimating logit event history analysis and stratified Cox conditional gap time models for first time and subsequent policy adoptions for 30 European countries from 1990 to 2012. The findings suggest that the impact of external forces varies across policy instrument groups and along the policy development timeline. Initial renewable energy policy adoptions are mainly driven by EU coercive power, competition pressure from economic peers and policy learning from intergovernmental organizations, while subsequent policy evolution is more heavily influenced by EU coercion and regional emulation. Thus, we specify the causal mechanisms of EU energy policy convergence and coalescence.
Guideline based approach to male fertility preservation

With the increased awareness that cancer and its treatments may have a substantial impact upon quality of life before, during, and after therapy, fertility preservation is now widely recognized as an essential component of care for all patients with a new cancer diagnosis. The emergence of formal fertility preservation guidelines from multiple professional societies has provided a framework for incorporating fertility preservation into clinical practice. Providers should discuss fertility considerations with new cancer patients at the earliest possible opportunity, prior to initiation of potentially gonadotoxic cancer treatments. Sperm banking via masturbation remains the easiest and most reliable method for fertility preservation, though a variety of alternatives exist for adolescents and adult males with azoospermia or those who are unable to provide a sample. Ultimately, care can be optimally delivered through a formal fertility preservation program that includes providers from multiple disciplines with the resources to provide comprehensive and expedient care.
Contending with the nature of climate change: Phenomenological interpretations from northern Wisconsin

Abstract In this study we conduct interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the narrative accounts of 17 community members who reside on the south shore of Lake Superior in northern Wisconsin regarding the experience of living amid climate change. We propose that there is a connection between the fundamental nature of climate change and the phenomenological nature of living with it, and that difficult emotions emerge from those experiences. Our analysis illustrates how feelings of helplessness and fear are entwined with not only experiences of ecological loss and living within harmful systems and structures, but also the experience of living with an awareness of the global scale and complexity of climate change. Participants narrate their understandings of the failure of collective action and the uncertainties surrounding the magnitude and timing of localized effects of climate change. While facing and processing difficult emotions that arise in relation to climate change can lead toward hope, renewal, and political and moral action, we propose that the nature of climate change challenges us to be more intentional about providing spaces for such transformations.
L’écriture engagée du XXIe siècle : l’autofiction au-delà d’un « mauvais genre »

Cet article explore le rapport entre l’autofiction au XXIeme siecle et les mouvements socio-politiques reconceptualisant l’identite en examinant la facon dont ce genre vehicule des commentaires sur les notions de l’alterite, de l’etrangete, et de l’appartenance. L’etude d’Autoportrait en vert de Marie N’diaye et de Mes mauvaises pensees de Nina Bouraoui demontrent la possibilite de voir dans l’emploi du prive, de l’intime, et du personnel une provocation visant a declencher une reflexion quant a la dependance des notions d’identite qui reposent sur des hierarchies binaires. L’axe principal de cette etude est d’examiner comment cette ecriture, en s’auto-referenciant, interroge sa propre evolution, celle du role de l’œuvre litteraire et de l’auteur. Elle se penche sur l’emploi de l’autofiction a des fins explicitement politiques, capable de creer un espace litteraire commun — un « territoire » partage — depuis lequel l’auteur et le lecteur peuvent interroger le role attribue aujourd’hui aux marqueurs d’identite et a la notion de difference.
The FUTURE partner network: Linking graduate students and postdoctoral scholars to Ph.D. professionals to inform career decisions

Abstract FUTURE is a career exploration program at the University of California, Davis established with a NIH BEST award and currently supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Center. FUTURE is open to predoctoral graduate students and postdoctoral scholars conducting health-related research in a broad range of graduate programs and departments. The FUTURE Partner Network is a unique feature of the program and is comprised of Ph.D. professionals in non-faculty careers who share their career knowledge and experience with program participants. In this chapter, we describe the network, our data management methods, and the interactions between our program partners and participants.
Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant and generation of hydroxyl radical

Abstract Herein, a sustainable and reproducible method for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and their application in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant is reported. The ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by combusting a mixture of highly porous sawdust and zinc nitrate hexahydrate at 600 °C in a tube furnace. The porous morphology of the sawdust mediated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles by preventing their growth to the macroscopic size. Four different ZnO nanoparticles samples [ZnO-n, where n = 1–4] were prepared by varying the ratio of sawdust and zinc nitrate salt to obtain the best-performing ZnO nanoparticles. The average size of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to be ~ 23 nm, measured from TEM image. The ZnO-4 and ZnO-2 degraded ~ 95% methyl orange (MO) in deionized and simulated fresh drinking water matrices after 42 min of ultraviolet (UV-B) light irradiation. The ZnO-2 and ZnO-4 catalyzed degradation of MO in deionized and fresh drinking water matrices were found to be about 24 and 27 times faster compared to the ZnO-control. The ability of ZnO-n towards the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) was studied by the terephthalic acid fluorescence tests. Additionally, the reproducibility of the synthesis methodology and the cyclic stability of the as prepared ZnO-n was thoroughly studied. Finally, it was found that the ZnO nanoparticles, prepared in this study, leached less amount of zinc in water compared to the commercial ZnO; which indicated its better safety and sustainability in regard to the photocatalytic water treatment.
Phosphoribokinase from Pseudomonas saccharophila

Abstract 1. An enzyme catalyzing the formation of ribose 1,5-diphosphate from ribose 5-phosphate and ATP has been purified 40-fold from sonic extracts of Pseudomonas saccharophila. This preparation is free of both phosphoribomutase and phosphoglucomutase activity. It is specific for ribose 5-phosphate as substrate; ribose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and glucose 1-phosphate fail to react. 2. The apparent Km for both ribose 5-phosphate and ATP is about 1 mm. Inhibition is observed at higher concentrations of either substrate. The pH optimum is 9.1. 3. The ribose diphosphate formed was identified by the following characteristics: ability to stimulate the phosphoglucomutase reaction; chromatography on Dowex 1 (Cl-); mobility identical with that of authentic ribose diphosphate on paper electrophoresis; and acid lability, yielding a material which corresponds electrophoretically with ribose 5-phosphate and which no longer stimulates the mutase reaction. 4. It is suggested that the function of the ribose diphosphate formed is to serve as a cofactor in the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to ribose 1-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoribomutase. The availability of ribose diphosphate could serve as a means for controlling this reaction.
Best Practices: Application of NI-RADS for Posttreatment Surveillance Imaging of Head and Neck Cancer.

Imaging surveillance is an important component of posttreatment management of head and neck cancers. There is variability in the surveillance regimen used by various practitioners and institutions,...
Uniqueness of convex ancient solutions to mean curvature flow in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$ R 3

A well-known question of Perelman concerns the classification of noncompact ancient solutions to the Ricci flow in dimension 3 which have positive sectional curvature and are $$\kappa $$ -noncollapsed. In this paper, we solve the analogous problem for mean curvature flow in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$ , and prove that the rotationally symmetric bowl soliton is the only noncompact ancient solution of mean curvature flow in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$ which is strictly convex and noncollapsed.
Comment on "Born's rule for arbitrary Cauchy surfaces"

A recent article has treated the question of how to generalize the Born rule from non-relativistic quantum theory to curved spacetimes (Lienert and Tumulka, Lett. Math. Phys. 110, 753 (2019)). The supposed generalization originated in prior works on 'hypersurface Bohm-Dirac models' as well as approaches to relativistic quantum theory developed by Bohm and Hiley. In this comment, we raise three objections to the rule and the broader theory in which it is embedded. In particular, to address the underlying assertion that the Born rule is naturally formulated on a spacelike hypersurface, we provide an analytic example showing that a spacelike hypersurface need not remain spacelike under proper time evolution -- even in the absence of curvature. We finish by proposing an alternative `curved Born rule' for the one-body case, which overcomes these objections, and in this instance indeed generalizes the one Lienert and Tumulka attempted to justify. Our approach can be generalized to the many-body case, and we expect it to be also of relevance for the general case of a varying number of bodies.
Topic Classification of Electric Vehicle Consumer Experiences with Transformer-Based Deep Learning

The transportation sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is a driver of adverse health effects globally. Increasingly, government policies have promoted the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a solution to mitigate GHG emissions. However, government analysts have failed to fully utilize consumer data in decisions related to charging infrastructure. This is because a large share of EV data is unstructured text, which presents challenges for data discovery. In this article, we deploy advances in transformer-based deep learning to discover topics of attention in a nationally representative sample of user reviews. We report classification accuracies greater than 91% (F1 scores of 0.83), outperforming previously leading algorithms in this domain. We describe applications of these deep learning models for public policy analysis and large-scale implementation. This capability can boost intelligence for the EV charging market, which is expected to grow to $27.6 billion USD by 2027. Cite paper as: Ha, S., Marchetto, D. J., Dharur, S., & Asensio, O. I. (2021). Topic classification of electric vehicle consumer experiences with transformer-based deep learning. Patterns, 2(2), 100195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2020.100195
Catalysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Transition Metal Nitrate Hydrates by Poly(vinylidene difluoride).

Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) doped with transition metal nitrate hydrates are cast into thin films giving a high β-phase content. Analysis of the thermal behavior of the doped PVDF shows that the decomposition of the metal (II) nitrate hydrates to metal (II) oxides is catalyzed by the PVDF, as evidenced by reduction in the decomposition temperature by as much as 170 °C compared to the pure metal salts. In contrast, there is little to no apparent catalysis for the decomposition of the metal (III) nitrate hydrates. The FTIR spectra of the gas phase decomposition products show H2O and NO2 are the major components for both PVDF-doped material and the pure metal nitrate hydrates. A mechanism for the role of PVDF is proposed that uses the internal electric field of the ferroelectric phase to orient the nitrate ions and polarize the N–O bonds.
Evolution of Pigment Pattern Formation in Teleosts

Teleosts comprise roughly half of all vertebrates and exhibit a diverse array of pigment cells and pigment patterns that function in behaviors ranging from camouflage to mate choice. This chapter examines recent advances in understanding the developmental genetics of teleost pigment cells and pattern formation, and how comparative studies across species and populations are providing insights into fundamental aspects of vertebrate development and evolution.
Venous Thromboembolism for the Practicing Cardiologist

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is encountered commonly. Acute PE may present as a high-risk cardiovascular emergency, and acute DVT can cause acute and chronic vascular complications. The goal of this review is to ensure that cardiologists are comfortable managing VTE-including risk stratification, anticoagulation therapy, and familiarity with primary reperfusion therapy. Clinical assessment and determination of degree of right ventricular dysfunction are critical in initial risk stratification of PE and determination of parenteral versus oral anticoagulation therapy. Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as preferred first-line oral anticoagulation strategy in VTE scenarios.
Oversight and Executive Privilege in the Context of Separated Powers

This prepared statement formed the basis for testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action, and Federal Rights on August 3, 2021. The hearing chaired by Senator Whitehouse regarded "Breaking the Logjam: Principles and Practice of Congressional Oversight and Executive Privilege."
The role of news in promoting political disagreement on social media

Network size and frequency of use are positively related to news use.News use is positively related to political messaging and monitoring.Messaging and monitoring are positively related to political disagreement.Messaging and monitoring mediate the relationship between news use and disagreement. Determining whether and how social media networks expose individuals to political disagreement is critical to understanding how individuals experience civil society in the digital age. Recent research from the United States and Europe shows that, all else equal, heavy social media users are exposed to more political disagreement on social media than light users. The present study seeks to elaborate on these findings in the context of Colombia. In doing so, it adds depth to existing theory about social media and political disagreement by outlining a process for how social media use results in exposure to disagreement and the role played by news. Results from path analysis show that (a) news use on social media acts as a link between general use and disagreement and (b) political engagement mediates the relationship between news use and disagreement. Results are discussed in light of existing literature and possibilities for further research.
Velocity Concentrations in Stratified Fluids

Examples of velocity concentrations or jets in fluid systems; systems are discussed in which vorticity is present or is generated by density variations; typical jet streams of atmosphere are those related to Gulf Stream and Equatorial Undercurrent; similar phenomena were created in laboratory by using rotating and heated fluids to simulate large scale features and by using salt water mixtures in channels to simulate smaller scale motions; conclusions.
Identification of glucose response proteins in two biological models of beta-cell adaptation to chronic high glucose exposure.

Abstract High resolution 2-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with computerized analysis of gel images was used to search for proteins whose biosynthesis was induced or repressed in pancreatic islet cells chronically exposed to high glucose in an in situ and a tissue culture model of islet cell adaptation to excessive fuel load. The in situ model involved a 4-day intravenous infusion of either 50% glucose or 0.45% saline solution, followed by islet isolation, [35S]methionine labeling at 3 and 18 mM glucose for both groups, and protein analysis by 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE. The tissue culture model involved a 7-day culture of isolated rat islets in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum containing either 3 or 30 mM glucose, followed by radiolabeling and 2-dimensional PAGE of proteins as in the in situ model. A small fraction of about 1.5% of the approximately 2000 identifiable proteins can be characterized as adaptive proteins. Of these altogether 58 proteins in the two models, 5 proteins were demonstrable in both models and two of these (proteins 1526 and 7622) are particularly noteworthy. Protein 1526 (Mr 57,000; pI 5.09) showed the same response pattern in both models and its expression was most enhanced when islets from chronically glucose-infused animals or those cultured for 7 days at 30 mM were radiolabeled at 18 mM glucose. Protein 7622 (Mr 68,000; pI 6.50) (also known as GSP-65; Collins, H.W., Buettger, C., and Matschinsky, F.M. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 5494-5498) showed a different labeling pattern in the two models: stimulation of [35S]methionine incorporation by 18 mM glucose both in control and experimental islets from the infusion study, but lack of such stimulation of radiolabeling in islets cultured for 7 days at 30 mM glucose in contrast to islets cultured at 3 mM. The experimental strategy and the methodology are evaluated and the significance of the results is discussed. Potentials of the approach and plans for future experiments are considered.
A Right to Legal Aid: The ABA Model Access Act in International Perspective

For over two centuries America has failed to fulfill its revolutionary ideals of bringing equal justice to all. In August 2010 the American Bar Association moved to bring the nation closer to its ideals when it proposed the ABA Model Access Act. The Act would do what the Supreme Court of the United States has refused to do: it would recognize that legal aid in civil litigation is a matter of right and not of charity. The Act is a framework law and leaves many details to be filled in by enacting bodies and by the institutions eventually charged with implementing it.The drafters of the Model Act were aware of foreign legal aid systems. In some European countries, such as in Germany and in France, legal aid in civil litigation has been a civil right for over a century and a half. This article examines the Model Act in light of that century and a half of experience in Germany. Based on that experience it points to many issues that the Model Act leaves open and identifies how German law resolves them.
LEUKEMIA AND BACKGROUND RADIATION IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND.

A survey of background radiation and mortality from leukemia was conducted in the states of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. The radioactivity in bedrock underlying each of 1,178 minor civil divisions was estimated on the basis of radiogeological analysis. Values were found to range from 5 parts per million equivalent uranium in the limestone areas of Vermont to 45 parts per million equivalent uranium in the Conway granite region of New Hampshire. Mortality records from the tri-state study area for the period 1925-54 were examined. One thousand nine hundred and seventy deaths from leukemia were identified and tabulated by minor civil division. An expected number of deaths by decade was calculated for each minor civil division using the tristate age specific rates for standardization. Minor civil divisions were grouped into four categories according to mean equivalent uranium concentration in underlying bedrock. The difference in annual dose rate from external background sources was estimated to be 14.65 mrads per year. No significant difference in exposure to internal emitters was noted. The observed and expected numbers of deaths were compared within each of the four radiogeological categories. No statistically significant association was observed between mortality from leukemia and radiogeological category either for the entire 30-year study period or within successive decades. These data do not allow rejection of the hypothesis that leukemia mortality varies with background radioactivity if the dose response relationship is of the order of that estimated from studies in humans at doses of 100 rads or greater. It seems unlikely that such a hypothesis could be adequately tested in the United States where geographic variation in background radiation is relatively small.
Influence of ration and rumen inoculation on the growth of dairy calves.

Summary Thirty-two new-born dairy calves were used in studying the effects of a highroughage ration and rumen inoculations on growth and development. The experimental treatments were imposed through four months of age. The control calves gained an average of 1.21 lb. daily; those restricted in grain feeding, 0.99 lb.; those fed similar to the controls and inoculated, 1.11 lb., those restricted in grain feeding and inoculated, 1.04 lb. None of the differences between groups were statistically significant. Restricting the grain intake resulted in a significant (P =0.01) decrease in the height at withers, but had no essential effect on chest or barrel circumference. Rumen inoculations had no significant effect on height at withers or on chest or barrel circumference. No significant differences were observed in efficiency of feed utilization (calculated TDN per lb. body weight gain) between treatment groups; however, the calves limited in grain intake consumed significantly less (P =0.05) TDN than calves allowed up to four pounds of grain daily. Restricting the grain intake did not materially affect the consumption of roughage. The inoculated calves did consume slightly more roughage than the uninoculated animals; however, the difference was not significant. The development of the reticulo-rumen, as judged by the decline in blood glucose, was not affected by the amount of roughage in the diet or by rumen inoculations.
Sociocultural Researchers Can Shape the Future of Education

Starting in 2001, Dennis M. McInerney and colleague(s) have edited a series of volumes concerned with research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning. These volumes serve as a compe...
Segmental duplications and the human genome

Segmental duplications are a newly identified class of repetitive elements that consist of physically interspersed blocks of duplicated material in a genome. Initial sequence analysis of the human genome has shown that ∼5–6% of the genome is highly homologous sequences, ranging in size from a few to hundreds of kilobases. Closely located segmental duplications are one of the factors predisposing to the occurrence of genomic disorders and are one of the major driving forces in primate genome evolution, by acting as highly unstable hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements. A combination of computational, molecular, sequence, and cytogenetic methods has facilitated the detection and characterization of segmental duplications. Understanding the origin and propagation of segmental duplications will provide fundamental insight into how genes and genomes change during the course of time. Keywords: duplicon; gene duplication; genome evolution; low-copy repeat; mutation; paralogous sequence variation; pericentromeres; primates; segmental duplications; subtelomeres; human genome
Direct Product Branching Processes and Related Induced Markoff Chains I. Calculations of Rates of Approach to Homozygosity

In this paper we introduce a class of finite state Markoff chains of special structure which includes many cases of interest in applications. For these chains we will determine a full set of eigenvalues (Sections 3 and 4) and provide their probabilistic interpretations (Section 5) which in the present context is rather striking. An intrinsic characterization of these processes and some associated limit theorems will be elaborated in a separate publication (see also [4]).
Large-scale environmental variables and transition to deep convection in cloud resolving model simulations: A vector representation

[1] Cloud resolving model simulations and vector analysis are used to develop a quantitative method of assessing regional variations in the relationships between various large-scale environmental variables and the transition to deep convection. Results of the CRM simulations from three tropical regions are used to cluster environmental conditions under which transition to deep convection does and does not take place. Projections of the large-scale environmental variables on the difference between these two clusters are used to quantify the roles of these variables in the transition to deep convection. While the transition to deep convection is most sensitive to moisture and vertical velocity perturbations, the details of the profiles of the anomalies vary from region to region. In comparison, the transition to deep convection is found to be much less sensitive to temperature anomalies over all three regions. The vector formulation presented in this study represents a simple general framework for quantifying various aspects of how the transition to deep convection is sensitive to environmental conditions.
A comparison of riparian condition and aquatic invertebrate community indices in central Nevada

The importance of maintaining healthy riparian communities to sustain natural stream processes and function is well documented. Land management agencies in the West are currently developing methods to assess and monitor riparian community condition to adapt land use practices that would better protect rangeland ecosystems. To determine whether these methods also provide an indication of abiotic and biotic stream condition, we compared the classification system of riparian communities developed by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) to physical parameters of stream condition and to aquatic invertebrate community assemblages. Thirty-three sites in 19 different streams of the Toiyabe Range in central Nevada were measured for water quality, substrate characteristics, and fish abundance and diversity. We sampled aquatic invertebrates and calculated community indices based on environmental tolerance levels, taxonomic diversity, and abundance of sensitive taxa. USFS personnel classified these sites by dominant riparian plant community type (meadow, willow, or aspen) and ecological status (low, moderate, or high) using plant abundance data, rooting depth, and soil infiltration to determine similarities to potential natural communities. Riparian condition indices as well as community diversity were significantly correlated to proportions of fine and small-diameter substrate in streambeds. Accumulation of silt was significantly related to plant community type, with meadow sites expressing highest proportions. Further examinations indicated that 2 of 6 invertebrate community indices were significantly related to ecological status, with highest diversity levels occurring mainly in willow- and aspen-domi- nated sites in moderate ecological condition. Nevertheless, we show that several other environmental variables, including substrate characteristics, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and species richness of fish communities, were more strongly and consistently related to invertebrate assemblage patterns. Our results demonstrate that information on aquatic invertebrates and stream condition could augment the existing riparian classification system and provide useful monitoring tools to more thoroughly examine ecosystem health in rangelands.
Bacterial Growth on Aminoalkylphosphonic Acids

Abstract Harkness, Donald R. (University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Fla.). Bacterial growth on aminoalkylphosphonic acids. J. Bacteriol. 92:623–627. 1966.—Of 10 bacterial strains tested, 9 were found to be able to utilize the phosphorus of at least one of eight different aminoalkylphosphonic acids for growth, indicating that the ability to catabolize the carbon–phosphorus (C–P) bond is widespread among bacteria. Several organisms gave comparable growth rates as well as cell yields when an equimolar amount of either Pi or 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (2-AEP) was added to the medium. No compounds containing C–P bonds were detected in Escherichia coli B grown on 2-AEP32-orthophosphate. No degradation of phosphonates by cell-free extracts or suspensions of dried cells was demonstrated. The direct involvement of alkaline phosphatases in cleaving the C–P bond was excluded.
Capacity of passively administered antibody to prevent establishment of Brucella abortus infection in mice.

Abstract In contrast to immunity against some other facultative intracellular parasites, protective immunity against Brucella abortus is mediated in mice by antibodies as well as by cell-mediated immune responses. It was the purpose of this study to determine whether antibody alone would prevent infection with B. abortus. The majority (82%) of CD-1 outbred mice infected with 100 CFU of virulent B. abortus 2308 preincubated with graded quantities of an O polysaccharide-specific IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) were free of infection 1. 2, 4, and 6 weeks later, based on detection limits of 13 brucellae per spleen and 39 per liver. Infection was present in 95% of control animals. Similar results were obtained with a challenge dose of 500 CFU, but with a challenge dose of 5,000 CFU, infection became established even with the highest concentration of MAb used (50 micrograms of MAb per 5,000 brucellae). Pretreatment with an O polysaccharide-specific IgG1 MAb or with convalescent-phase serum diminished but did not prevent establishment of infection by 100 CFU of B. abortus. A majority of culture-negative mice tested 6 weeks after infection were serologically negative, which could have signified either the absence of previous infection or the early elimination of infection. In an in vitro test system, all of the antibody preparations were efficient in opsonizing B. abortus. Effective killing of the organism by unelicited mouse peritoneal macrophages occurred in conventional but not in endotoxin-free medium, suggesting that activated macrophages were required for killing of opsonized B. abortus. These results emphasize the potential importance of antibodies in the immunoprophylaxis of brucellosis and suggest that the design of a successful vaccine will require the induction of antibodies not only of appropriate specificity but also of the optimal isotype for mediating protective functions.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 191

Abstract Spectroscopic data for al nuclei with mass number A-191 have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation for A=191 supersedes the earlier one by E. Browne (80Br16), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 30, 653 (1980).
Adsorption of carbamazepine on sludge/fish waste derived adsorbents: Effect of surface chemistry and texture

Abstract Sewage sludge, fish waste and their homogenized mixtures (90:10, 75:25, or 50:50) were carbonized at two temperatures (650 and 950 °C). The obtained materials were extensively characterized in terms of their chemistry and porosity, and tested as adsorbents of carbamazepine from an aqueous phase. The content of a carbon phase was between 26% and 45% and the main components of an inorganic phase were oxides and salts of such metals as Si, Ca, Al, and Fe. The materials were predominantly mesoporous, with pore sizes larger than 30 A. The high carbonization temperature led to better performing materials. Moreover, for the composites a synergistic effect of the component mixture was observed. An addition of a small amount of the fish waste increased the content of the carbon phase. A high carbonization temperature improved the level of carbonization and thus resulted in the favorable dispersion of the polar inorganic phase. While the former increased the adsorption of carbamazepine in the small pores via dispersive interactions, the latter contributed to the specific adsorption in mesopores via complexation and/or acid–base interactions.
Log-Domain Time-Multiplexed Realization of Dynamical Conductance-Based Synapses

We present a compact circuit architecture for analog VLSI realization of event-addressable neuromorphic arrays with conductance-based synaptic dynamics. Synaptic input events are time-multiplexed, pooled by synapse type according to common reversal potential and activation dynamics. One such physical synapse element per postsynaptic neuron is provided for each type, selected by type index along with postsynaptic address. A log-domain encoding of first-order linear dynamics of synaptic conductance results in a compact circuit realization with three MOS transistors per synapse element. Circuit simulations show low-power operation with linear dynamics in conductance.
High-field magnetoresistance of polycrystalline ZrZn2

Abstract We report magnetoresistance measurements of polycrystalline ZrZn2 as a function of temperature (4.2–48K) and magnetic field up to 19 T. The results indicate the presence of both positive and negative contributions to the magnetoresistance. The latter is due to spin fluctuations. Below Tc the resistivity varies with temperature like T2 over the entire field range (0–19 T). The coefficient of the T2 -term decreases with increasing field and fits a H − 1 3 dependence above ∼ 10 T, in accordance with theoretical predictions. Complex behaviour of the magnetoresistance is found in the paramagnetic regime above ∼ 5 T.
Status of high-energy OPCPA at LLE and future prospects

The scope and status of a mid-scale optical parametric amplifier line (OPAL) that will demonstrate scalable technologies will be presented along with technical challenges and prospects for an OPAL pumped by OMEGA EP.
Bridging the gap: balancing faculty expectations and student realities in computer gaming courses

As game design and game development emerges as an academic discipline, it is important for programs to balance the technical and creative aspects of the curriculum. Students must be exposed to both the technical and content creation experiences that define the field, and also be exposed to critical areas such as games and media history, games analysis, literature, media study, and psychology. Furthermore, students must understand the ramifications of cultural and societal factors as they intersect games and entertainment technology. In this paper, the authors examine how a technically focused game program can provide students with a broader exposure to the world of game development. In particular, the authors will discuss where their treatment succeeded and failed, and how the curriculum has evolved over several offerings.
Production and dosimetry of [14O]water for PET activation studies

Abstract [14O]water was produced by the 14N(p,n)14O reaction in quantities greater than 80 mCi (EOB). The carbon-11 impurity in the final product was approximately 0.003±0.002% of 14O activity at EOB. A factor of 0.5±0.02 was obtained to correct the dose calibrator for the additional 2.313 MeV γ-ray. The effective dose equivalent was calculated for 14O and 15O using MIRDOSE, and the 14O dose was found to be ≈70% of that for 15O. For scanner performance based on noise equivalent count measurements, the peak activity concentration for 14O was 30% lower than that for 15O. At their peak activity concentrations the noise equivalent count rate for 14O was found to be about 13% less than that for 15O.
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF A MALE SEX-ROLE ATTITUDE SURVEY: THE TRADITIONAL-LIBERATED CONTENT SCALE

Previous research (Fiebert, 1983; Biggs & Fiebert, 1984) has identified two factor analytically derived scales which show promise in assessing some major dimensions of men's attitudes. Scale I of 15 items focuses on traditional attitudes, while Scale I1 contains 14 items emphasizing liberated attitudes. In each scale items are presented in a 7-point format on a continuum of very strongly agree to very strongly disagree. The present study examined test-retest reliabilities of the two scales. The phrasing of the items was consistent with prior research with the Traditional-liberated Content Scale. These subjects, who voluntarily participated, were 70 men enrolled at the university during Spring, 1984. They came from classes in Psychology, Computer Studies, and Engineering. Ages of subjects ranged from 18 to 49 yr., with a mean of 22.9 yr. and a standard deviation of 5.16 yr. Data were collected from subjects on two occasions three weeks apart. During the second administration instructions to subjects were as follows: "Prior work with survey data has shown that it is often helpful to collect information more than once. You are asked NOT to try to answer the questions in the same or opposite mznner as you answered them earlier. Respond to each question as it zpplies to you at this very moment." The test-retest correlation was .S5 for the traditional factor and .92 for the liberated factor. On the traditional scale a mean of 38.39 (SD 9.75; range of scores 19-61) was obtained on the first administration, while a mean of 39.40 (SD 9.01; range of scores 15-64) was obtained at the second administration. On the liberated scale a mean of 54.19 (SD 9.93; range of scores 31-73) was obtained on the first administration, while a mean of 53.16 (SD 10.06; range of scores 32-75) was obtained at the second one. The reliabilities are encouraging of further validational development of the scale.
Numerical Stabilization of Orbital Motion

Mainly, the author focuses on Baumgarte's method and its applications in satellite, asteroid, stellar and planetary problems. In the paper arguments are given for the use of energy relations for stabilization in the elliptical two-body problem. Stabilizing properties of Baumgarte's equations and others are discussed. A simple approach is proposed for stabilizing the equations of almost circular motion. By using Baumgarte's technique, the author derives stabilized equations of perturbed restricted three-body problem. It is shown experimentally that stabilization in the problems mentioned above can raise the accuracy of numerical integration by several orders.
Effects of Client Expectation for Counseling Success, Client-Counselor Worldview Match, and Client Adherence to Asian and European American Cultural Values on Counseling Process with Asian Americans.

After assessing their expectation for counseling success, adherence to Asian cultural values, and adherence to European American cultural values, 88 Asian American volunteer clients with personal concerns engaged in single-session counseling with 1 of 11 female counselors who either matched or mismatched the client’s worldview. Clients in the worldview match condition perceived stronger client–counselor working alliance and counselor empathy than those in the mismatch condition. Client adherence to Asian cultural values was positively related to client–counselor working alliance. Client adherence to European American values was positively associated with client–counselor working alliance and session depth. In addition, an interaction effect was observed such that high expectation for counseling success and strong adherence to European American cultural values were associated with increased perception of counselor empathy.
Measurements and modeling of a bluff body stabilized flame

Abstract An axisymmetric bluff body stabilized nonpremixed turbulent flame of 27.5% CO/32.3% H 2 /40.2% N 2 -in-air was investigated. The recirculation zone stabilized the flame and provided greater strain rates than possible in jet or even piloted-jet flames. Major species, density, and temperature were measured using a laser Raman scattering system, which was modified to operate in a chemiluminescent environment. The computational model was based on partial equilibrium in the radical pool, an assumed shape pdf over the two thermochemical variables required, and the k -ϵ turbulence model for closure of the density-weighted averaged Navier Stokes equations. The equations were solved in the elliptic form appropriate to recirculating flow. Enough grid was added to reduce the transverse cell Reynolds numbers to below two, ensuring second-order accurate and stable discretization of convection operators and so eliminating artificial diffusion. Mean properties such as density were obtained at each node by convolution with the joint pdf over the two thermochemical scalars. The k -ϵ turbulence model gave too rapid an initial decay. Agreement was encouraging on mixture fraction mean and variance, temperature, and species concentration fields. The bluff body provides an intensely turbulent flowfield for interactions with combustion chemistry, and is within the scope of numerical analysis. To improve the turbulence model, and to have a formalism that permits three or more scalars as required for hydrocarbon fuels, pdf transport methods should be merged with conventional solvers for the mean hydrodynamics.
Distribution of nucleotide differences between two randomly chosen cistrons in a population of variable size.

Abstract The distribution of the number of nucleotide differences between two randomly chosen cistrons in a finite population is studied here when the population size changes from generation to generation. When genetic variability is measured by heterozygosity (i.e., the probability that two cistrons are different), by the probability that two cistrons differ at two or more nucleotide sites, or by mean number of site differences between cistrons, it is seen that in a population going through a small bottleneck all of these measures decline rapidly but, as soon as population size becomes large, they start to increase owing to new mutations. The amount of reduction in these measures depends not only on the size of bottleneck but also on the rate of population growth. The implications of this study explaining the observed variations in the rates of amino acid substitutions during the evolutionary process are also discussed.