cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development Separation in Lambda-Calculus

We present a proof technique in @l-calculus that can facilitate inductive reasoning on @l-terms by separating certain @b-developments from other @b-reductions. We give proofs based on this technique for several fundamental theorems in @l-calculus such as the Church-Rosser theorem, the standardization theorem, the conservation theorem and the normalization theorem. The appealing features of these proofs lie in their inductive styles and perspicuities.
Acoustical imaging: from ancient Phoenicians to modern physicians

Ultrasonic energy can produce images not obtainable with any other form of radiation. The human use of sound in imagery is centuries old, and many instruments of great utility have been developed. Pulse-echo, phase-amplitude, and amplitude-mapping approaches constitute the conceptual bases for three fundamental types of acoustic imaging systems. By now, however, systems exist that combine these approaches in ways that make their unambiguous categorization difficult or impossible. These systems frequently employ principles associated with holography, tomography, microscopy, and seismic exploration. >
Oriented diameter of graphs with diameter 3

In 1978, Chvatal and Thomassen proved that every 2-edge-connected graph with diameter 2 has an orientation with diameter at most 6. They also gave general bounds on the smallest value f(d) such that every 2-edge-connected graph G with diameter d has an orientation with diameter at most f(d). For d=3, their general bounds reduce to 8=
Bartlett revisited: Direct comparison of repeated reproduction and serial reproduction techniques

Abstract Bartlett developed the procedures of repeated reproduction (the same person repeatedly recalling information) and serial reproduction (people transmitting information from one person to another). Our experiment directly compared recall accuracy across these two techniques, which has not previously been reported, using DRM word lists. Recall of the initial study list words remained constant across repeated reproductions but declined markedly across serial reproductions. In contrast, recall of associated words that were not originally studied (i.e. critical words) was steady across both conditions. Because more of the original list words were forgotten across each link of the serial reproduction chain, the proportion of critical items recalled (relative to list words) increased significantly as the list passed between people. Using output bound scoring, serial reproduction resulted in lower accuracy than repeated reproduction by the final recall trial. Our results are broadly consistent with Bartlett's (1932) informal observations: Serial reproduction produces greater forgetting of the original material than does repeated reproduction and also leads to greater distortion relative to the proportion of correct material recalled.
Simulation and generation of I/sub DDQ/ tests for bridging faults in combinational circuits

In the absence of information about the layout and for better defect coverage test generation and fault simulation systems must target all bridging faults. The authors show that an I/sub DDQ/ Test Set that detects all two line bridging faults also detects all multiple line, single cluster bridging faults. A novel algorithm for simulating I/sub DDQ/ tests for all two-line bridging faults in combinational circuits is presented. Experimental results on using randomly generated I/sub DDQ/ test sets for detecting bridging faults are presented. These results point to the computational feasibility of targeting all two line bridging faults in combinational circuits, for the purpose of I/sub DDQ/ test generation. >
Genome-wide predictors of NF-κB recruitment and transcriptional activity

Inducible transcription factors (TFs) mediate transcriptional responses to environmental cues. In response to multiple inflammatory signals active NF-κB dimers enter the nucleus and trigger cell-type-, and stimulus-specific transcriptional programs. Although much is known about NF-κB inducing pathways and about locus-specific mechanisms of transcriptional control, it is poorly understood how the pre-existing chromatin landscape determines NF-κB target selection and activation. Specifically, it is not known which epigenetic marks and pre-bound TFs serve genome-wide as positive (negative) cues for active NF-κB. We applied multivariate and combinatorial data mining techniques on a comprehensive dataset of DNA methylation, DNase I hypersensitivity, eight epigenetic marks, and 34 TFs to arrive at genome-wide patterns that predict NF-κB binding. Strikingly, we observed NF-κB recruitment to accessible and nucleosome-bound sites. Within nucleosomal DNA NF-κB binding was primed by H3K4me1 and H2A.Z, but also hyper-methylated DNA outside of promoters and CpG-islands. Many of these predictors showed combinatorial cooperativity and statistically significant interactions. Recruitment to pre-accessible sites was more frequent and influenced by chromatin-associated TFs. We observed that specific TF-combinations are greatly enriched for (or depleted of) NF-κB binding events. We provide evidence of NF-κB binding within genomic regions that lack classical marks of activity. These pioneer binding events are relatively often associated with transcriptional regulation. Further, our predictive models indicate that specific combinations of epigenetic marks and transcription factors predetermine the NF-κB cistrome, supporting the feasibility of using statistical approaches to identify “histone codes”.
Sexual Dimorphism in Distance from Cover but Not Escape Behavior by the Keeled Earless Lizard Holbrookia propinqua

Potential sexual dimorphism of several aspects of antipredatory behavior by the Keeled Earless Lizard (Holbrookia propinqua) was studied by simulating approach by a predator. Females stayed closer to cover suitable for use as refuges than males, but no sex differences were detected in the distance between predator and prey when escape was initiated, the distance fled, or the tendency to enter refuges. Despite the sex difference in distance to cover, the regressions of flight initiation distance and distance fled on distance to cover were monomorphic. The sexes fled similar mean distances even though females were closer to refuges because some lizards stopped short of refuges and others fled past them. No differences in antipredatory behavior were noted between bright and plain female color phases.
Stress on the streets: Validation of a measurement

AbstractBackground: Homeless and street-dependent youths experience myriad stressors, but to date there has been no published measure of this phenomenon.Objective: This study was designed to describe the process of developing and testing a measure of stress experienced on the streets suitable for use with this population.Methods: Classical measurement theory was used to develop and evaluate relevance and validity of items in the scale.Results: The total scale content validity index was .95 and the Cronbach’s alpha was .92 in a combined sample of homeless youths (n = 90) and university students (n = 94). The mean scores of the two subsamples were statistically significantly different (t(166) = 4.22, P < .001), supporting construct validity. Factor analysis, using Principal Component Analysis, of data collected from the homeless youths yielded five subscales congruent with content in initial item construction. The subscales were: (1) safety on the streets, (2) housing stability, (3) interpersonal relationsh...
Abstract 4037: Combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors and isoflavones to target metastatic activity in prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Efforts to impede early steps in the metastatic cascade have led to the development of promising small molecule targeting agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors known to interfere with cell migration and invasion, in combination with a cytostatic soy isoflavone extract (ISFs) on metastatic activity in prostate cancer cells. Methods: PC-3ML cells (a gift from A. Fatatis, Drexel University), and LNCaP cells treated with a Src inhibitor, ISFs, or a combination, were evaluated for clonogenic cell survival, cell cycle progression, and transwell migration and invasion activity. Results: Src inhibitors and ISFs induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, respectively, with little change in cell viability or survival. Invasion studies with PC-3 ML and LNCaP cells suggest that ISFs can reduce metastatic activity by 39% and 35%, respectively. In addition, ISFs enhance the effectiveness of the Src inhibitors to reduce invasiveness. This may indicate that including ISFs in treatment regimens may allow a lower dose of the targeting agent to be used to achieve optimal response and decrease toxicity. Conclusions: In vitro studies suggested that combining a Src inhibitor and ISFs resulted in greater inhibition of metastatic activity than either alone. Citation Format: Lori P. Rice, Christine Pampo, Sharon Lepler, Dietmar W. Siemann. Combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors and isoflavones to target metastatic activity in prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4037
Effect of Flow Field Perturbations on Laminar Flame Speed Determination Using Spherical Flames

The effect of non-spherical bomb geometry on the evolution of outwardly propagating flames and the determination of laminar flame speeds using the conventional constantpressure technique is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the nonspherical chamber boundary causes significant distortion of the flame surface and modification of the propagation rate through the interaction of the wall and the flow induced by thermal expansion across the flame. The departures from an unconfined case, especially the generation of non-zero burned gas velocities, can lead to significant errors in burning velocities calculated using these conventional assumptions. A flow correction that accounts for the induced flow field is developed and is demonstrated to achieve significant improvements in accuracy for the experimental determination of burning velocity. For atmospheric syngas-air mixtures, the present flow-corrected results are significantly higher than prior reported cylindrical bomb results based upon conventional data interpretation. The flow effect is also shown to influence the determination of the Markstein length significantly. Schlieren images from an experiment with a cuboid combustion chamber reveal that the flame becomes noticeably non-spherical. The outwardly propagating flame to some extent takes the shape of its container – the schlieren images show that the crosssection of a flame traveling into a chamber with a diamond cross-section becomes diamondshaped itself. This observed flame front distortion further confirms experimentally the effect of flow disturbances caused by the chamber walls on the evolution of outwardly propagating flames.
THE INDEPENDENT ANEUPLOID ORIGIN OF TWO SPECIES OF CHAENACTIS (COMPOSITAE) FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR

Very similar species are of great interest to students of evolution because such species probably have evolved recently, making it likely that much of the evidence of their origin can be reconstructed. In very few instances of closely similar non-polyploid plant species is there evidence to suggest that one is the ancestor of another. A notable example is the cytological evidence for the origin of Crepis fuliginosa (n-= 3) from C. neglecta (n = 4) or its near ancestor (Tobgy, 1943). Similarly, Sherman (1946) showed that Crepis kotschyana (n = 4) has been derived from an ancestor like C. foetida (n 5). Another convincing example of an aneuploid species with a living diploid ancestor was described by Lewis and Roberts (1956) in their studies of Clarkia biloba (n= 8) and C. lingulata (n -9). These two species are so similar that they can only be distinguished by petal shape and chromosome number. Cytogenetic analysis showed that C. lingulata has an additional chromosome composed of parts of two chromosomes of the C. biloba genome. The presence of duplicated chromosome material in C. lingulata clearly establishes it as a derivative of C. biloba. Recently, Jackson (1962) described a case in Haplopappus that also suggests the origin of one diploid species from another. What was considered Haplopappus gracilis was found to consist of two extremely similar species, one with a chromosome number of n = 4, the other with n = 2. Cytological evidence indicates in this instance, as in Crepis, that aneuploid reduction is the most probable explanation for the difference in chromosome number, with the n = 2 species the derived one. The purpose of this paper is to present a unique example in Chaenactis (Compositae) in which the cytogenetical evidence indicates beyond reasonable doubt that an extant species of relatively mesic habitats, C. glabriuscula DC., has given rise independently to two similar desert species, C. fremontii Gray, and C. stevioides H. & A., by aneuploid reduction in chromosome number. Chaenactis comprises approximately 24 herbaceous species, all endemic to western North America. There are at least nine annual species, and four of these, C. glabriuscula, C. stevioides, C. fremontii, and C. xantiana form a closely related assemblage,2 judging from their similarity and frequent natural hybridization. The first three will be considered in detail in this paper. The yellow-flowered C. glabriuscula is the most variable, and some of its intergrading variants have been treated as separate species.3 Chaenactis stevioides and C. fremontii have white flowers, but are otherwise very similar morphologically to certain populations of C. glabriuscula. Despite their overall similarity, the gametic chromosome number of C. glabrius-
Cytoplasmic Lamellar Inclusions Resembling Tissue Mast Cell Granules in Suspected Rheumatoid Lung Disease

A biopsy of the lung from a patient with rheumatoid lung disease was examined by light and electron microscopy. The histologic sections contained numerous encapsulated, granulomatous nodules throughout the parenchyma of the lung. Ultrastructural observations revealed that numerous irregularly-shaped cells associated with the nodules contained clusters of lamellar inclusions. These inclusions were cylindrical with a laminated wall and had a uniform size. The inclusions had many characteristics identified with macromolecules, including a linear periodicity within the laminated component of the wall. The ultrastructure of these inclusions resembled, in many respects, the substructure of the granules contained in tissue mast cells; however, the identity of these cells remains unclear.
Current Status and Development of Modern Agricultural Information Service in Yunnan

The current status and the problems of agricultural information service and extension in Yunnan was described from the infrastructure,service team,service environment and resource utilization,etc.Based the current status of agricultural information in Yunnan,modern agricultural information service should be developed from the following aspects: playing the leading role of the government,constructing the suitable agricultural information resources and the integration of Yunnan local agricultural information service,combining agricultural information service with the popularization of agricultural techniques and science activities,(4) developing a low-cost and local information service to establish and perfect the mechanism with resource sharing and longefficiency service,pushing forward industrial development of agricultural information to form a perfect modern agricultural information service in Yunnan.
Nutritional disturbances associated with diabetes mellitus.

The nutritional disturbances associated with diabetes mellitus have been controlled to a considerable extent by the use of insulin, but the nature of the disease is such that normal metabolic pathways may be interrupted readily, with a breakdown in utilization of the major foodstuffs.The diabetic diet should supply the substances for which the demand is increased, and should contain liberal amounts of qualitatively adequate protein. Dietary supplementation with essential nutrients, such as the various vitamin fractions, is important. The diet should be as reasonable as is consistent with good care. Calorie intake should be adjusted to age and occupation.
A computerized sperm motion analysis

Semen samples from 35 fertile men and husbands of 32 infertile couples were evaluated with the use of a rapid computerized sperm motion analysis (CSA). The counts and percentages of motile sperm measured by routine semen analysis (RSA) and CSA were comparable in both groups. In CSA, mean values of swimming speed (microns per second), linearity, and motility index of sperm in the fertile men were significantly higher than those in the infertile group. At 3 hours, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 21 to 30 μ m/second were higher in the infertile group than in the fertile group. In contrast, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 31 to 50 μ m/second and higher was increased in the fertile group over the infertile group. Good correlations were obtained between RSA and CSA sperm counts and percentages of progressively motile sperm. Sperm counts, percent motility, indices of motility, and mean sperm speed obtained by two observers with the use of CSA correlated well. It seems that the sperm speed and the motility index remain unaltered in repeat semen analyses of fertile men. It is concluded that a computerized analysis of sperm swimming speed is a reliable and rapid mode for evaluating semen samples and offers more discriminatory sperm motion characteristics than the RSA.
Teaching NeuroImages: A Central Theta EEG Rhythm in Rett Syndrome Can Masquerade as Seizure

A 12-year-old girl with Rett syndrome presented for characterization of staring spells. Paroxysmal runs of fluctuating 4- to 5-Hz rhythmic theta activity maximal in the frontocentral electrodes occurred during periods of relative inactivity and abated with movement or tactile stimulation (figure). This patient's electrographic phenomenon had been previously interpreted as potential seizure. A prominent central theta rhythm in individuals with Rett syndrome was previously described as a slow mu rhythm equivalent, which is supported by the blocking phenomenon.1,2 Recognition of this phenomenon may forestall misdiagnosis of this fluctuating rhythmic pattern during clinical inactivity as an ictal pattern.
Communication, Interest, and Discipline

In his quest for meaningful, significant, “aesthetic” experience, for experience in which human individuals socially communicate and share purposes, perspectives, means and ends, Dewey was aware of something very important for education. And that is the enormous role played in education by sharing in the literal sense, by experiences in which human individuals break through the bonds of uniqueness and bias to communication and meaningful social intercourse. Men are constantly involved in activities together, but usually such togetherness consists only of location and participation in activities with a common purpose, as distinct from activities which are joint in that they are meaningful to both participants in similar ways. Despite the apparent sense of understanding and communication that exists because we possess a common language, very little real communication actually exists. The meanings and activities that are actually shared are more apparent than real. The routine sense of speaking and answering pervades our sense of communication, the sense in which communication is but stimulus-response to another’s verbal activity. But the common bond, the shared modes of response and similar purposes are the heart of communication.
The Postwar Boom

At the end of the Second World War, the stage was set for a new generational change, influenced in part by new sources of funding and a shift in power to private universities, notably Harvard and Columbia. This led to a division: the public universities of the Midwest continued their own heavily statistical traditions, but were outshone by the programs for the development of sociology being promoted at Harvard and Columbia by Parsons, Merton, and Lazarsfeld. Their programs had allied themselves to the idea of behavioral science. Yet the program was a failure, and broke down as a result of the student revolt of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Constrained non-convex TpV minimization for extremely sparse projection view sampling in CT

In recent years, image reconstruction with sparse view angle sampling has been investigated by exploiting sparsity in the gradient magnitude image (GMI). Most commonly this approach involves iterative image reconstruction (IIR) aimed at solving optimization problems involving the image total variation (TV). Minimizing image TV, while constraining the estimated projection to be within some Euclidean distance of the available data, is known to yield images with sparse GMI. And if the underlying image indeed has a sparse GMI, it may be possible to obtain highly accurate reconstructed images from sparse view projection data. In this work, we extend this strategy further by considering nonconvex optimization, involving minimization of the total p-variation (TpV). The TpV is l p -norm of the image gradient, and for 0 ≤ p < 1 TpV is nonconvex. Using simulated CT data, We present reconstructed images by use of nonconvex TpV and show that even further reduction in the number of views permitted by TV, i.e. p = 1, is made possible.
Preparation of water-soluble hyperbranched polymers with tunable thermosensitivity using chain-growth CuAAC copolymerization

Thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers with a dangling oligo(ethylene oxide) (EOx, x as the averaged number of EO units) chain on every monomer unit were constructed using the chain-growth copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) copolymerization of two AB2-F monomers with EO3 and EO7.5 as F groups. The one-pot polymerization produced hyperbranched polymers with a linearly increased molecular weight versus conversion and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1). The composition of hyperbranched copolymers was governed by the monomer feed ratio and directly determined the cloud temperature of the polymers in water. The cloud temperature could be further tuned via periphery modification of the hyperbranched polymers using alkynyl-terminated oligomeric EO3 chains, in the range of 17 to 60 °C within our investigation.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Peripheral Blood CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ T Regulator Cells from 11 Patients Treated with Ipilimumab Following Relapse of Malignancy after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

We conducted a multi-center dose-escalation trial to assess whether CTLA-4 blockade is safe and efficacious as immunotherapy in patients with relapse of malignancy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We hypothesized that since CTLA-4 is a negative regulator of effector T-cell activation, inhibition of CTLA-4 ligation with a blocking human monoclonal antibody (ipilimumab) will augment graft-versus-malignancy. Here we report on the effects of a single dose of ipilimumab on in vivo T cell subsets from 11 patients treated at the highest dose level (3 mg/kg) and compare these findings with those in normal volunteer donor lymphocytes. We analyzed the expression of intracellular CTLA-4 and FOXP3 on CD4+/CD25+ Treg cells, intracellular cytokines and surface markers for T-cell activation on peripheral T cells from 11 patients and 9 normal donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients before (day 0) and after the treatment at day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 were stained with a panel of antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Lymphocytes from normal donors at time zero and 3 days after culture in IL-2 (200u/ml) were used as controls. The pre-treatment expression of intracellular CTLA-4 was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells from patients than normal controls and was increased further after antibody treatment from 7.1±3.8% at day 0 to 18.2±7.1% at day 30 (p=0.02). Although the expression of FOXP3 in CD4+/CD25+ T cells was higher in patients than in normal donors (6.3±4.8% compared with 2.0±1.6%, p=0.02), there was no significant change in the levels following ipilimumab infusion. The expression of CD4+/CD25high in the patients was 7.7±2.8%, higher than the normal donors (2.3±1.1%). However, 6/11 cases had increased expression while others had decrease or no change, overall there was no statistically significant change. CD4+/CD25low activated T cells were elevated in 10/11 patients before ipilimumab (42.1±8.5%). Their levels were not affected by CTLA-4 blockade. CD8+/CD69+ activated T-cells were significantly increased in 8/11 patients within the 30 days after ipilimumab treatment but typically returned to baseline values on longer follow-up. CD4+/CD69+ and CD4+/HLA-DR+ T-cells were unchanged following ipilimumab treatment. These data show that a single dose of ipilimumab enhances levels of some subsets of activated T cells without a significant effect on cells with a T-regulatory phenotype.
Wage Differentials in the United States: Does Religious Participation Matter?

Using data on non-Hispanics from the 2005 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), this article examines the within-religion association between religious participation and wages for mainline Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Catholics, the three major religious groups in the United States. While previous studies have examined this relationship for women only and using ordinary least squares (OLS), this article further analyzes gender differences and differences along the wage distribution using a quantile regression (QR) approach. The results indicate that high participation in religious services is associated with lower wages among mainline Protestant women and men, and among Catholic men. Among Catholic women, those who are not participating in religious activities earn higher wages relative to those who participate on a weekly basis. Furthermore, this advantage is more pronounced at high wages, as the QR estimates show. These results suggest the importance of defining religious participation in a manner that allows the detection of nonlinear effects. In addition, the findings speak to the importance of religion in the lives of individuals and may benefit policies dealing with male-female wage differentials.
Prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideation in long-term prostate cancer survivors.

9529 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, even a decade after diagnosis. Prior research has relied largely on registry data collected at diagnosis, so l...
Successful treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pubic symphysis osteomyelitis with ceftolozane/tazobactam

New antibiotic options are needed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas infections. We present a case of a man aged 64 years with a bladder fistula due to radiation, ultimately causing osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis. Repeated antibiotic courses, without correcting the fistula, resulted in infection with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. He was successfully treated for his osteomyelitis through cystectomy, aggressive debridement and a prolonged course of antimicrobials directed at the MDR Pseudomonas isolate.
Karnofsky performance status assessment: Resident versus attending

Abstract Background. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) is a commonly used scale to assess a patient's functional status. Methods. Between September 1999 and March 2000, 117 patients were independently evaluated and assigned KPS scores by both an attending physician and a resident physician at the time of radiation therapy simulation. Results. Both attending and resident median assigned KPS score was 80. Attending and resident KPS scores were identical for 50 patients (43%). When KPS scores differed, this difference was of the smallest incremental value (10 points) in 50 patients (75%). The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.85, significant at the 0.01 level. Conclusion. KPS scoring by radiation oncology attending physicians is similar to that by resident physicians.
Swelling of Graphene Oxide Membranes in Aqueous Solution: Characterization of Interlayer Spacing and Insight into Water Transport Mechanisms

Graphene oxide (GO) has recently emerged as a promising 2D nanomaterial to make high-performance membranes for important applications. However, the aqueous-phase separation capability of a layer-stacked GO membrane can be significantly limited by its natural tendency to swell, that is, absorb water into the GO channel and form an enlarged interlayer spacing (d-spacing). In this study, the d-spacing of a GO membrane in an aqueous environment was experimentally characterized using an integrated quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and ellipsometry. This method can accurately quantify a d-spacing in liquid and well beyond the typical measurement limit of ∼2 nm. Molecular simulations were conducted to fundamentally understand the structure and mobility of water in the GO channel, and a theoretical model was developed to predict the d-spacing. It was found that, as a dry GO membrane was soaked in water, it initially maintained a d-spacing of 0.76 nm, and water molecules in the GO channel formed a semio...
Natural Resource Experience Affects Engagement with Emotionally Primed Presentations of Science

Effective ecosystem management is supported by the communication of emerging science to a wide range of ecosystem stakeholders. Management-oriented audiences including policymakers, agency personnel, and agricultural producers vary in their values, beliefs, and experiences and consequently may receive scientific information in unique ways. We examine the impact of priming language presented before technical presentation of ecosystem science using emotionally loaded (“negative” and “positive”) introductory paragraphs (primers). Wyoming ecosystem stakeholders (n = 114) were presented with technical text describing ecosystem uncertainty immediately after they read either positive or negative primers. Respondents with a background in agricultural production were more likely to respond in agreement with the scientific information presented in the text when it was introduced with the negative emotional (risk-based) primer. Respondents without production experience shifted their assessment of scientific information in response to both negative and positive (benefit-based) primers. All participants' responses were varied and unpredictable when technical text was not primed. Emotionally loaded primers did not lead respondents to contradict the scientific knowledge presented in the text, and in several cases primers caused stronger agreement with the text than did the control. We suggest that traditional “neutral” presentation of scientific contexts hinders rather than supports the transmission of scientific concepts and tools to management-oriented audiences. We more readily achieve successful transmission of science when emotional contexts familiar to audiences are evoked. Non-neutral primers followed by technical presentations of scientific concepts can engage audiences to increase potential field applications of emerging science.
Clearance kinetics of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex in the human.

In 15 human Subjects the rate of clearance of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex was rectilinear with respect to time between plasma levels of 175-20 mg. of bound hemoglobin.
Entgelte für ambulante Leistungen

In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland haben wir formell eine strenge Trennung zwischen der stationaren und der ambulanten Versorgung der Bevolkerung. Wahrend die Krankenhauser die Aufgabe der stationaren arztlichen und pflegerischen Versorgung der Bevolkerung haben, wird die ambulante arztliche Versorgung vor allem der Sozialversicherten und ihrer Angehorigen durch die in freier Praxis niedergelassenen Arzte vorgenommen. Die Sicherstellung der ambulanten arztlichen Versorgung obliegt den Kassenarztlichen Vereinigungen und der Kassenarztlichen Bundesvereinigung (§ 182 RVO, § 13 KVLG und § 368 n Abs. 1 RVO).
Moisture Retention and Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Textured Soils Amended with Coal Combustion Fly Ash

Previous studies have suggested that an increase in water holding capacity or matric potential (ψ) may result from the addition of coal combustion fly ash (FA) to coarse-textured soils, but common laboratory techniques for evaluating such characteristics can be time-consuming and difficult to replicate. Therefore, centrifuge-based methods were used to assess the matric potential (ψ) and hydraulic conductivity (K) as a function of the degree of saturation for a coarse-textured surface soil from the Southeastern US that was amended with acidic FA at application rates ranging from 0­15% (wt/wt). In repacked columns, a low ionic strength rainwater surrogate was used as the leaching solution. For comparison, similar amounts of standard clays and sand (i.e., kaolinite (KA); montmorillonite (MONT); and ottawa sand (OS)) were added to the test soil to demonstrate the sensitivity of the centrifuge-based methods. The water dispersible clay (WDC) content, an indicator of the susceptibility of the soil clay to dispersion, was also evaluated for the amended soils. A minor increase in matric potential was observed only at the highest FA application rates, while saturated K (Ksat) actually increased and then leveled off with increasing FA addition. In contrast, the matric potential and K for the other tested amendments was altered in the expected manner. KA and MONT decreased HC and increased matric potential at a given moisture content, while OS addition increased the soil HC and decreased the water holding capacity. Consistent respective trends were also evident in the particle size analyses of the amended soil. The seemingly inconsistent behavior observed for the FA amended columns may reflect changes in pore-water composition resulting from soluble FA components that increased the background ionic strength of the soil solution for the readily dispersive surface soil, as column effluents were generally less turbid with increasing FA addition. Changes observed in WDC for the various amendments support such a mechanism as the dispersible clay decreased and the ionic strength increased significantly for the FA amended soils.
A Hollow Shell: Covering Lemmas without a Core

This paper is an attempt to apply the proof of the covering lemma in situations where the usual statement of the covering lemma is meaningless because no core model exists. The main result is the following theorem: Theorem. Suppose L[e] is a minimal class model for a Woodin cardinal and the covering lemma over L[e]fails at a cardinal δ such that that there is no iterable L[e]-ultrafilter on any cardinal η < δ of L[e]. Then every cardinal v in the interval δ < v < sup(domain(e)) is the limit of a closed and unbounded set of weakly compact cardinals of L[e].
Timing of pubertal growth and menarche in indigenous Qom girls of Argentina.

Background: Pubertal timing is in part mediated by environmental factors, with greater energy availability often associated with earlier or more rapid development. Many indigenous populations are u...
Risk taking, decision-making, and brain volume in youth adopted internationally from institutional care

Abstract Early life stress in the form of early institutional care has been shown to have wide-ranging impacts on the biological and behavioral development of young children. Studies of brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging have reported decreased prefrontal volumes, and a large literature has detailed decreased executive function (EF) in post-institutionalized (PI) youth. Little is known about how these findings relate to decision-making, particularly in PI youth entering adolescence—a period often characterized by social transition and increased reliance upon EF skills and the still-maturing prefrontal regions that support them. As decision-making in risky situations can be an especially important milestone in early adolescence, a clearer knowledge of the relationship between risky decision making and prefrontal structures in post-institutionalized youth is needed. The youth version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and a two-deck variant of the Iowa Gambling Task were used to assess risky decision-making in post-institutionalized youth and a community control group (N = 74, PI = 44, Non-adopted = 30; mean age = 12.93). Participants also completed a structural MRI scan for the assessment of group differences in brain structure. We hypothesized that participants adopted from institutions would display poorer performance on risky-decision making tasks and smaller brain volumes compared to non-adopted youth. Results indicated that later-adopted participants made fewer risky decisions than those experiencing shorter periods of deprivation or no institutional rearing. Further, decreased prefrontal volumes were observed in later-adopted youth and were significantly associated with task performance. Our results suggest that changes in risky-decision making behavior and brain structure are associated with the duration of early institutional care.
Boundary Asymptotics of the Relative Bergman Kernel Metric for Elliptic Curves IV: Taylor Series

For a Legendre family of elliptic curves, the two-term asymptotic expansion of the relative Bergman kernel metric near the degenerate boundary is obtained by an approach based on the Taylor series of Abelian differentials and Riemann periods. Namely, the curvature form has hyperbolic growth in the transversal direction with an explicit second term at the node. For another nodal degenerate family of elliptic curves, the result turns out to be the same. But for two cusp cases, it is either trivial with a constant period or reducible to the Legendre family case. The proofs do not depend on special elliptic functions, and work also for higher genus cases. In the last part, we discuss invariant properties on curves.
NOAA-20 VIIRS thermal emissive band calibration error comparison with heritage VIIRS sensors

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 20 (NOAA-20) operational satellite, also known as the Joint Polar Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1), is the follow-on to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) with launch dates of November 2017 and October 2011, respectively. S-NPP and NOAA-20 provide critical weather and global climate products to the user community. The Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), a primary sensor on both SNPP and NOAA-20, has 22 bands covering a spectral range of 0.412-12.0μm with spatial resolutions of 750m and 375m for moderate and imaging bands, respectively. VIIRS provides calibrated Earth observations within the Sensor Data Records (SDRs) using on-orbit calibration sources such as the Solar Diffuser (SD) for the Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) and an On-Board Calibrator BlackBody (OBCBB) for the Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs), combined with pre-launch characterization information. Both the on-orbit calibration sources and pre-launch measurements contain calibration errors that propagate into the SDR radiance retrievals and degrade the performance of the Environmental Data Records (EDRs). This paper will focus on the TEB SDR calibration products and investigate the sources of the on-orbit calibration errors observed. This includes looking at gain drifts during the OBCBB warm-up and cool-down, along-scan temperature biases, and thermal model errors used in the estimation of the sensor’s background thermal emission. The pre-launch errors from the Response Versus Scan angle (RVS), calibration coefficients, and Ground Source Equipment (GSE) will also be included in the discussion. Finally, this paper will compare the differences in calibration errors between the S-NPP and NOAA-20 sensors and how they impact the SDR products in unique ways.
Correlation between total hemoglobin concentration and blood volume of breast tumors measured by NIR spectroscopy and 19F MRS of PFOB

Correlation between total hemoglobin concentration and blood volume in solid mammary tumors was explored using both NIRS and 19F MRS of PFOB, respectively, while studying dynamic changes in tumor vascular volume induced by a vasoactive agent, carbogen. A close correlation between the results obtained from the two methods indicates the potential utility of NIRS for noninvasive in vivo quantification of tumor blood volume.
Improving Programming Skills Through Classroom Presentation of Assignments

Students in non-CS STEM majors often have specific difficulties with programming content in their coursework. Instructor feedback is usually limited to the results obtained and major algorithmic errors, due to the nature of coding assignments. The authors' aim is to investigate whether presenting code and receiving feedback from their peers in class makes an appreciable difference in non-CS STEM-major students' learning of programming. The poster will present data collected over two semesters from five sections of three programming-heavy chemistry, engineering and math courses taught at the University of Wisconsin-Stout. Student groups were asked to present their homework attempts to the class, their peers were asked to fill out surveys containing Yes/No questions and comments on the attempts, and this feedback was passed on to the presenting students, who were then given time to improve their work before submitting their final versions. Comparison of student performance statistics in exams, between semesters during which the study was implemented and prior semesters, is used as a tool to assess student learning. Results of the study from two semesters have shown that group composition and the type of questions asked in the survey are the two major factors at play. The poster will also discuss the enhanced design of the study during the third and final semester in spring 2019 that will take these results into account. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3293820
The Mechanism of IgH Class Switch Recombination

Abstract Antigen-stimulated B-cells can undergo immunoglobulin-heavy (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) to change the expressed IgH constant (C) region and thereby diversify antibody effector functions. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a single-strand DNA-specific cytidine deaminase, initiates both CSR and the related variable region somatic hypermutation process. During CSR, AID is targeted to long repetitive IgH switch (S) regions that precede exons (“CHs”) that encode particular IgH C regions. Switch region deamination products in a donor and acceptor S region are channeled into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are ligated by general cellular DSB repair pathways to fuse the two S regions and change antibody class by replacing the expressed CH with a different one. We discuss the mechanism of CSR with a focus on how factors target AID to S region substrates, and how DNA repair pathways efficiently fuse together DSBs in two different S regions without causing genomic instability.
Brillouin-Mandelstam spectroscopy of stress-modulated spatially confined spin waves in Ni thin films on piezoelectric substrates

Abstract We report the results of micro-Brillouin-Mandelstam light scattering spectroscopy of thermal magnons in the two-phase synthetic multiferroic structure consisting of a piezoelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3](1−x)–[PbTiO3]x (PMN-PT) substrate and a Ni thin film. The experimental data reveal the first two modes of the perpendicular standing spin waves (PSSW) spatially confined across the Ni thin film. A theoretical analysis of the frequency dependence of the PSSW peaks on the external magnetic field reveals the asymmetric boundary condition, i.e. pinning, for variable magnetization at different surfaces of the Ni thin film. The strain field induced by applying DC voltage to PMN-PT substrate leads to a downshift of PSSW mode frequency owing to the magneto-elastic effect in Ni, and corresponding changes in the spin-wave resonance conditions. The observed non-monotonic dependence of the PSSW frequency on DC voltage is related to an abrupt change of the pinning parameter at certain values of the voltage. The obtained results are important for understanding the thermal magnon spectrum in ferromagnetic films and the development of the low-power spin-wave devices and quantum sensors.
Cancer Genetic Counseling by Humanoid Robot: Modeling Multimodal Communication of Health Risk

We describe the design and evaluation of a humanoid robot that explains inherited breast cancer genetics, and motivates women to obtain cancer genetic testing. The counseling dialogue is modeled after a human cancer genetic counselor, extended with data visualizations and nonverbal behavior. In a quasi-experimental pilot study, we demonstrated that interaction with the robot leads to significant increases in cancer genetics knowledge.
Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment of CLL, the most common leukemia in the West, has undergone a revolution in the past few years with the development of agents that target signaling kinases an...
Orientation and dynamics of Cu2+ based DNA labels from force field parameterized MD elucidates the relationship between EPR distance constraints and DNA backbone distances

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) based distance measurements using the recently developed Cu2+-DPA label present a promising strategy for measuring DNA backbone distance constraints. Herein we develop force field parameters for Cu2+-DPA in order to understand the features of this label at an atomic level. We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the force field parameters of Cu2+-DPA on four different DNA duplexes. The distance between the Cu2+ centers, extracted from the 2 μs MD trajectories, agrees well with the experimental distance for all the duplexes. Further analyses of the trajectory provide insight into the orientation of the Cu2+-DPA inside the duplex that leads to such agreement with experiments. The MD results also illustrate the ability of the Cu2+-DPA to report on the DNA backbone distance constraints. Furthermore, measurement of fluctuations of individual residues showed that the flexibility of Cu2+-DPA in a DNA depends on the position of the label in the duplex, and a 2 μs MD simulation is not sufficient to fully capture the experimental distribution in some cases. Finally, the MD trajectories were utilized to understand the key aspects of the double electron electron resonance (DEER) results. The lack of orientational selectivity effects of the Cu2+-DPA at Q-band frequency is rationalized in terms of fluctuations in the Cu2+ coordination environment and rotameric fluctuations of the label linker. Overall, a combination of EPR and MD simulations based on the Cu2+-DPA labelling strategy can contribute towards understanding changes in DNA backbone conformations during protein–DNA interactions.
An Exploration of the Effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness Online Intervention to Promote Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial:

Fun For Wellness (FFW) is an online behavioral intervention developed to promote well-being by enhancing the self-efficacy of participants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective...