cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Cross Memory Attach for MPI libraries on HPC Clusters

With the number of cores per node increasing in modern clusters, an efficient implementation of intra-node communications is critical for application performance. MPI libraries generally use shared memory mechanisms for communication inside the node, unfortunately this approach has some limitations for large messages. The release of Linux kernel 3.2 introduced Cross Memory Attach (CMA) which is a mechanism to improve the communication between MPI processes inside the same node. But, as this feature is not enabled by default inside MPI libraries supporting it, it could be left disabled by HPC administrators which leads to a loss of performance benefits to users. In this paper, we explain how to use CMA and present an evaluation of CMA using micro-benchmarks and NAS parallel benchmarks (NPB) which are a set of applications commonly used to evaluate parallel systems.Our performance evaluation reveals that CMA outperforms shared memory performance for large messages. Micro-benchmark level evaluations show that CMA can enhance the performance by as much as a factor of four. With NPB, we see up to 24.75% improvement in total execution time for FT and up to 24.08% for IS.
Stability criteria for multivariable polynomials

Algebraic criteria are proposed for testing stability properties of multivariable polynomials. The tests are recursive and can be executed in finite number of steps.
A 0.6-V Zero-IF/Low-IF Receiver With Integrated Fractional-N Synthesizer for 2.4-GHz ISM-Band Applications

Supply voltage reduction with process scaling has made the design of analog, RF and mixed mode circuits increasingly difficult. In this paper, we present the design of an ultra-low voltage, low power and highly integrated dual-mode receiver for 2.4-GHz ISM-band applications. The receiver operates reliably from 0.55-0.65 V and is compatible with commercial standards such as Bluetooth and ZigBee. We discuss the design challenges at low voltage supplies such as limited fT for transistors and higher nonlinearities due to limited available signal swing, and present the architectural and circuit level design techniques used to overcome these challenges. The highly integrated receiver prototype chip contains RF front-end circuits, analog baseband circuits and the RF frequency synthesizer and was fabricated in a standard digital 90-nm CMOS process; it achieves a gain of 67 dB, noise figure of 16 dB, IIP3 of -10.5 dBm, synthesizer phase noise of - 127 dBc/Hz at 3-MHz offset, consumes 32.5 mW from 0.6 V and occupies an active area of 1.7 mm2.
Human Response to Natural Disasters

This study elaborates on the connection between socioeconomic status, education, and the ability to respond to natural disasters. Using the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and other natural disasters as teachable moments, I foreground how uneven access to resources and capital leave some people more vulnerable than others to natural disasters and how marginal communities inevitably bear the accompanying repercussions of who gets what, when, and how much in the postdisaster emergency relief and reconstruction phase. This occurs not necessarily and merely through a “natural” disaster, as the Boxer Day Tsunami or Hurricane Katrina, but through processes of social, political, and economic disempowerment associated with prior racialized histories and inequitable access to cultural capital.
The Search for TeV-scale Dark Matter with the HAWC Observatory

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a wide field-of-view detector sensitive to 100 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays. Located at an elevation of 4100 m on the Sierra Negra mountain in Mexico, HAWC observes extensive air showers from gamma and cosmic rays with an array of water tanks which produce Cherenkov light in the presence of air showers. With a field-of-view capable of observing 2/3 of the sky each day, and a sensitivity of 1 Crab/day, HAWC will be able to map out the sky in gamma and cosmic rays in detail. In this paper, we discuss the capabilities of HAWC to map out the directions and spectra of TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays coming from sources of dark matter annihilation. We discuss the HAWC sensitivity to multiple extended sources of dark matter annihilation and the possibility of HAWC observations of annihilations in nearby dark matter subhalos.
Fitness effects and genetic architecture of plant–herbivore interactions in sunflower crop–wild hybrids

*Introgression of cultivar alleles into wild plant populations via crop-wild hybridization is primarily governed by their fitness effects as well as those of linked loci. The fitness of crop-wild hybrids is often dependent on environmental factors, but less is understood about how aspects of the environment affect individual cultivar alleles. *This study investigated the effects of naturally occurring herbivory on patterns of phenotypic selection and the genetic architecture of plant-herbivore interactions in an experimental sunflower crop-wild hybrid population in two locales. *Phenotypic selection analyses suggested that cultivar alleles conferring increased size were generally favored, but at one site cultivar-like flowering time was favored only if three types of herbivory were included in the selection model. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified three regions in which the cultivar allele conferred a selective advantage for a number of co-localized traits. Quantitative trait loci for several measures of insect herbivory were detected and, although the cultivar allele increased herbivory damage at the majority of these QTLs, they rarely colocalized with advantageous cultivar alleles for morphological traits. *These results suggest that a subset of cultivar traits/alleles are advantageous in natural environments but that herbivory may mitigate the selective advantage of some cultivar alleles.
A Fuzzy-Logic-Based Methodology for Batch Process Scheduling

We introduce a formal scheduling methodology for batch processes based on fuzzy logic theory. In particular, we present this methodology in the manufacturing context. Our approach takes into account most, if not all, relevant factors in this scheduling problem and models them as fuzzy sets. In the model developed for factory batch process scheduling, the inputs include the "literal" job priority, job's critical ratio, the length of each queue, job's current relative position in its process flow, etc. The model outputs the effective priority value for each queue, based upon which scheduling decisions are made. On numerical examples, we illustrate the use of our model and show the correctness and effectiveness of our model. More importantly, we were able to show that the batch processors' utilization could be increased and jobs' average lateness (with respect to the internal deadline) reduced significantly by applying our methodology.
national texts and gendered lives: an ethnography of television viewers in a North Indian city

Recent anthropological research highlights the significance of mass media in the construction of identities. This article focuses on the ways in which men and women, located in specific sociocultural contexts, interpret entertainment serials shown on Indian television. It then proceeds to explore the place of the viewers' active engagement with television in terms of their constitution as national and gendered subjects. [television audiences, subjectivity, gender, nationalism, India]
Predictors of Attitudes toward Cosmetic Surgery among U.S. and Colombian College Women: The Roles of Eating Behaviors and Demographic Variables

Los estudios transculturales sobre las conductas re- lacionadas con la alimentacion pueden identificar los factores culturales y sociales que contribuyen a la sintomatologia de los trastornos alimentarios (TCA). Los TCA son causa de preocupacion en los Estados Unidos, y estudios recientes en Colombia han mostrado tasas de crecimiento entre la poblacion femenina. Ademas, los procedimientos de cirugia estetica se han incrementado rapidamente en los Estados Unidos y Colombia, e investigaciones preliminares sugieren una relacion positiva entre los TCA y el respaldo de la cirugia plastica. En muestras de mujeres universitarias de Colombia y los Estados Unidos, se han investigado los patrones de asociacion entre los trastornos de la alimentacion y la aceptacion de la cirugia cosmetica. Nuestro enfoque utilizo analisis separados para los subcomponentes del consumo alimentario desordenado (para determinar asociaciones unicas con la aceptacion de cirugia estetica), ajustando covariables potencialmente pertinentes y examinando patrones transculturales. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de un colegio publico urbano en los Estados Unidos (n = 163) y de un colegio privado urbano de Colombia (n = 179). En general, nuestros resultados sugieren que los participantes de Colombia con valores mas altos en medidas del consumo alimentario desordenado eran mas propensos a apoyar la cirugia estetica por razones sociales, mientras que los de los Estados Unidos eran mas propensos a considerar el someterse a la cirugia estetica por razones personales. Resultados divergentes entre las dos muestras puede ser debido a factores culturales y sociales, que delinearemos. Estos resultados tambien tienen implicaciones potenciales para el asesoramiento prequirurgico de los candidatos de cirugia estetica.
A Rodent Model to Advance the Field Treatment of Crush Muscle Injury During Earthquakes and Other Natural Disasters

Approximately 170 earthquakes of 6.0 or higher magnitude occur annually worldwide. Victims often suffer crush muscle injuries involving impaired blood flow to the affected muscle and damage to the muscle fiber membrane. Current rescue efforts are directed toward preventing acute kidney injury (AKI), which develops upon extrication and muscle reperfusion. But field-usable, muscle-specific interventions may promote muscle regeneration and prevent or minimize the pathologic changes of reperfusion. Although current rodent crush injury models involve reperfusion upon removal of the crush stimulus, an analysis of their methodological aspects is needed to ensure adequate simulation of the earthquake-related crush injury. The objectives of this systematic review are to (a) describe rodent crush muscle injury models, (b) discuss the benefits and limitations of these models, and (c) offer a recommendation for animal models that would increase our understanding of muscle recovery processes after an earthquake-induced crush muscle injury. The most commonly used rodent model uses a clamping or pressing crush stimulus directly applied to murine hindlimb muscle. This model has increased our understanding of muscle regeneration but its open approach does not adequately represent the earthquake-related crush injury. The model we recommend for developing field-usable, muscle-specific interventions is a closed approach that involves a nonclamping crush stimulus. Findings from studies employing this recommended model may have greater relevance for developing interventions that lessen the earthquake's devastating impact on individual and community health and quality of life, especially in developing countries.
Milk-alkali syndrome in a middle-aged woman after ingesting large doses of calcium carbonate: a case report

Introduction Most cases of hypercalcaemia are secondary to malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidism. Here we report a case of hypercalcaemia that we have attributed to milk-alkali syndrome.
APL as a Statistical Specification Language

APL is a language which has had a dedicated following for many years among some sections of the academic and industrial statistical communities. Its greatest strength in this area is its value as a specification language — not only can algorithms be described consistently and umambiguously, but also, given an appropriate interpreter, the specifications can be immediately executed. Recognising this, a group of academic and industrial statisticians in the United Kingdom with the support of the British APL Association, has embarked on a project called ASL (APL Statistics Library) which aims to provide an assembly of coherent APL functions for widely used statistical calculations, thereby creating standards for the unambiguous expression of statistical algorithms. A natural consequence of this is that discussions of more complex algorithms and methods can take place without the need to revisit and redefine basic functions and the ways in which they interpret data.
Owning Words in Cyberspace: The Accidental Trademark Regime

The Internet is changing attitudes and feelings about the idea of owning language, which will affect American trademark law and regulations. This will eventually reshape American trademark's core conceptual boundaries. Specifically, the domain name system is a property system that competes with trademark law and encourages the commodification of words in ways that is contrary to current trademark law. For example, trademark law does not permit the sale of words, but an on-line auction house that is an internet corporation for assigned names and numbers may list thousands of words for sale on its website such as wine.com or business.com. This Article argues that the Internet domain name system is nurturing a more pro-property view of word ownership than presently exists in trademark law, and this new attitude will not easily go away. As this novel form of word ownership and right of property expands, the domain name system becomes a rival trademark regime that coexists in an uneasy tension with traditional trademark law.
Enhancement of the Essential Amino Acid Composition of Food Crop Proteins through Biotechnology

Lack of essential amino acids (EAA) in the diet of at-risk populations could beget a state of food insecurity. Plant proteins are deficient in some essential amino acids. Animals obtain EAA from plant sources. Simple biotechnologies are being developed for improving the EAA composition of crop proteins. The aim was to integrate-discriminate glycolysis and citric-glyoxylic acid cycles to optimize biosynthesis of EAA in food crops. Permutation of diverse metabolic pathways at the mRNA level by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA is a common biotechnology for doubling the nutritious compositions of plants. Peanuts were planted in plots and treated with mineral salts mixed according to stoichiometric ratios. Protein-bounded and free amino acids of mature peanut seeds were determined by HPLC. GDH-synthesized RNA probes homologous to the mRNAs encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGlycM), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), enolase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate lyase (ICL), and malate synthase (MS) were prepared from peanut seeds using restriction fragment double differential display PCR method. Northern assays of peanut total RNA showed that the mRNAs encoding PGlycM, PEPCase, MDH, and MS shared extensive sequence homologies that produced a dense network of cross-talks, resulting to co-differential silencing of the mRNAs thereby permuting glycolysis, citric-glyoxylic acid cycles. There were 42 permutations in the NPPKtreated, 105 in control, 420 in KN-, and NPKS-treated peanuts. Because of permutations involving the mRNAs encoding ICL and MS, wherever the abundances of these mRNAs were high (control, and NPPK-treated peanuts) the concentrations of the α-ketoglutarate group of total glutamate, glutamine, arginine, proline, and histidine were minimized (28.0 mg/g). The integration of glycolysis, citric and glyoxylic acid cycles increased the quality and doubled the concentrations of the protein-bounded EAA composition of NPPK-treated (33.37 mg/g) compared with the control peanut (15.66 mg/g). The commanding biotechnology was the stoichiometric mineral salts-based induction of GDH to synthesize the RNAs that integrated glycolysis, citric-glyoxylic acid cycles to one functional unit.
Recent Studies with Human IgE Pentapeptide (HEPP)

In 1975 I reported [1] the results of studies with a newly synthesized peptide: aspartic acid-serine-aspartic acid-proline-arginine (Asp-Ser-Asp-Pro-Arg or D-S-D-P-R) now termed, “HEPP” for “Human IgE Pentapeptide”. Utilizing the classic Prausnitz-Kustner (P-K) reaction in six individuals in a single-blind trial, an average of 72% inhibition of the immediate wheal and flare reaction was observed. These findings were confirmed by Tse and Sehon (personal communication) and by Stanworth et al. [2], who also extended the observation to a nonhuman primate. Another group [3] was unable to produce IgE inhibition by HEPP in several different systems. They also suggested that one of the aspartic acids in HEPP was in fact an asparagine. In cooperation with the Syntex Research group all variants of HEPP were synthesized and tested in vitro. None was found to be more active than the original preparation.
Selection and Hybridization of Trichogramma

Selection and hybridization experiments were conducted to explore the possibility of improving parasitization in Trichogramma . Several biparental stocks were hybridized and selected for their ability to live and reproduce within the temperature extremes likely to be encountered in the release area. In a uniparental stock, selection was made for locomotion, heat tolerance, a combination of locomotion and heat tolerance, and the ability to find hosts. Effects of these experiments were evaluated in field cages placed over cotton plants. No increase In parasitization resulted from the biparental crossings, and selection for temperature adaptation to the release area significantly reduced parasitization. The selection program for the uniparental stock produced positive results which were statistically significant at the 10% level. Greater significance might have been obtained if the program had been carried on for more generations. However, this type of selection program has limited application.
The Significance of Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Differential Diagnosis for the Fever of Unknown Origin of Children

To explore the significance of the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) in differential diagnosis for the fever of unknown origin (FUO) of children. Methods: The NAP activities determined by Naphthol AS-BI phosphate of 63 FUO children (FUO group)and 50 healthy children(control group) were expressed by the positive rate and the positive score. Results:There was no significant difference in the positive rates between the FUO group(71.3% ±4.1%)and the control group(74.6%±11.7%). There was a very significant difference in the positive scores between the FUO group (138.7±78.6) and the control group(95.3± 26.5) (P 0.01). In the FUO group,the NAP positive rate and score in bacterial infection group(87.6% ±12.9% and 196.0 ± 76.3)were much higher than those in viral infection group(48.7% ±21.8% and 69.9±39.3)(P0.01).Conclusion:The NAP activity is of important significance in differential diagnosis for FUO children;especially in identifying bacterial infection or viral infection.Compared with the positive rate,the positive score is more important.
The complete genomic sequence analysis of human parainfluenza virus ZYMgz01 in Guangzhou

Objective To study the genetic composition and genotype of human parainfluenza virus in Guangzhou,China.Methods Primers were designed on the basis of the genomic sequence of human parainfluenza virus(U51116)in the GenBank,and used to amplify the human parainfluenza virus genome by RT-PCR.The products of PCR were cloned to T vector and sequenced.The genomic nucleotide sequences were analyzed with Clustal W and DNAMAN.Results The full genome of ZYMgz01 contains of 15 462 bp,which is similar to the genetic structure of HPIV-3(GenBank accession NO.EU326526).The comparison of ZYMgz01 and HPIV-3 genomes revealed that their LZ22 genes showed the highest homology(99.1%),and their ABO12132 and EU424062 genes showed the lowest homolgy(94.8%).The phylogentic analysis indicates ZYMgz01 and HOIV-3 are clustered.Conclusions Comparative sequence analysis of the ZHYMgz01 genome with reported human parainfluenza virus revealed that this pathogen belongs to genotype 3.The evolution of human parainfluenza virus 3 may have regional differences.
Gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in insulin‐dependent diabetics: Follicular response, oocyte quality, embryo development, and follicular environment

Two IDD patients were stimulated with gonadotropins for IVF and ET. Both patients had high E2 response and greater than or equal to 5 preovulatory oocytes retrieved, normal fertilization and cleavage rates, and transfer; neither conceived. Follicular fluid showed levels of E2, P, A, hCG, and PRL similar to non-IDD. Epidermal growth factor could not be detected in FF. Insulin-dependent diabetes patients can undergo gonadotropin stimulation for IVF with customary responses. Their follicular milieu resembles that of non-IDD patients except for a lack of EGF.
Abstract 159: Analysis of resistance to the combination of a PI3K- and Parp-inhibitor using a genomic sequencing approach

The objective of this study is to investigate the genomic and transcriptonal changes that are associated with resistance to treatment with the combination of a PI3K-inhibitor (NVP-BKM120) and a PARP-inhibitor (Olaparib). Previous studies have shown that the combination of a PI3K-inhibitor and a PARP-inhibitor synergistically reduced the growth of BRCA-related xenograft tumors derived from patients with TNBC. However, in clinical practice, primary and secondary resistance to this combination is observed. We hypothesize that acquired resistance is the result of a genomic evolution resulting from the selection pressure exerted by the drug treatment. We used a genetically engineered mouse model, K14-Cre BRCA1f/fp53f/f, where primary tumors had been propagated in Cre-negative littermates and treated to point of resistance with NVP-BKM120 or NVP-BKM120 plus Olaparib. For each of the three tumors, we analyzed exome sequencing and RNA-seq using Illumina technology at the stage of sensitivity (C), resistance to PI3K-inhibition (B) and resistance to the combination (BO); i.e. for each individual tumor a parental clone and its drug-resistant subclones, obtained in vivo, were analyzed. We used the Mutect software tool to call somatic mutations, VarScan2 to call somatic copy number variations, Cuffdiff for differential expression analysis, and TophatFusion. Data were integrated to identify genes for functional analyses using MetaCore and MSigDB software tools. We found that tumors resistant to the combination drug treatment in general had fewer gross genomic alterations (CNVs) than parental tumors, indicative of evolution of a less variable subclone. However, these tumors also displayed a higher number of non-synonymous mutations than their parental clone. Pathway analysis showed that somatically mutated genes in PI3K-inhibitor resistant tumors were highly enriched for antigen processing and presentation, while those of tumors resistant to the combination treatment were enriched for histone modification pathways. Notably, the tumors resistant to PI3K-inhibitor alone were enriched for Insulin-processing pathways. Genomic losses in PI3K-inhibitor treated tumors enriched for the estrogen receptor pathway (ESR) in breast cancer and DNA damage pathways. In conclusion, our experimental design of analyzing isogenic tumors resistant to PI3K- or combined PI3K- and Parp-inhibitors enabled us to identify genomic alterations and pathways that explain the evolution to drug resistance. Citation Format: Sheida Nabavi, Ashish Juvekar, Nicholas Wang, Lewis C. Cantley, Gerburg M. Wulf. Analysis of resistance to the combination of a PI3K- and Parp-inhibitor using a genomic sequencing approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 159.
Enhanced Values of H c2 in Nb-Ti Ternary and Quaternary Alloys

Recently the fusion community has been very interested in the design of toroidal field magnets for tokamak devices with peak conductor fields of up to 12 T. Such fields cannot be met by the use of Nb-Ti alloys at 4.2 K, since the upper critical field (H c2) is about 11 T at this temperature. However, 12-T operation may be feasible at reduced temperatures in Nb-Ti [12] or by appropriate alloying of the Nb-Ti, since it is known that the H c2 of Nb-Ti is depressed by its strong normal-state paramag-netism [3]. Previous work, both theoretical [4] and experimental [5–6], has shown that high-atomic-number additions can reduce the paramagnetic limitation by encouraging spin-orbit scattering processes. Additional possibilities for raising H c2 come from the dependence of H c2 on the normal-state resistivity, p n. The present work reports progress on the fabrication and evaluation of some Nb-Ti, Nb-Ti-Hf, Nb-Ti-Ta, and Nb-Ti-Ta-Hf alloys, some of which have values of H c2 superior to those of standard Nb-Ti alloys.
Contracting issues at the intersection of the public and private sectors: New data and new insights

Abstract The intermittent patterns of nationalizations and privatizations suggest that the debate regarding the role of the government in the economy is far from resolved. This study summarizes some of the major trends in privatization and nationalization during the past 20 years. We then describe how the papers in this special issue test new hypotheses and provide additional insights regarding determinants of these changes in shareholder structure. The papers in this special issue specifically consider factors (such as changes in the institutional environment or changes brought on by the financial crisis) which may have contributed to the recent re-balancing of public and private ownership. By focusing on contracting issues at the intersection of the public and private sectors, the papers in this special issue deepen our understanding of the important and ever-evolving relation between business and government.
“Buffy sings to Cody”: A multimodal analysis of mother and pre-lingual-infant question–response sequences

Abstract This study examines how singer-songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie and her pre-lingual infant son, Cody, engage with each other in the sequential turn-taking process of conversation on a 1978 episode of Sesame Street. A multimodal analysis demonstrates that Cody relies on the audible prosodic contours of his mother's questions to provide responses by producing cries and relevant embodied behavior at “transition relevance places” ( Sacks et al., 1974 ). Buffy treats her son's responses to her questions as consequential parts of the interaction, and this in turn supports her son's language socialization. This study contributes to understanding how communication before language can occur through a reliance on prosody and via cries and relevant embodied behavior, and how turn-taking and sequencing can also be scaffolded through prosody and singing, which are ultimately conducive to language socialization.
Abstract 89: The Ventriculo-Ventricular Coupling Index: A Novel Approach to Assessing Biventricular Function

Bi-ventricular (Bi-V) function in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) or PH secondary to left heart failure (SPH) remains difficult to characterize. As a measure of ventricular efficiency, ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC) is calculated as the ratio of effective arterial elastance (Ea) to end-systolic elastance (Ees). No measure currently assesses ventriculo-ventricular coupling (VVC). Therefore, we developed a novel catheter-based approach to quantify Bi-V function using pressure-volume loop (PVL) analysis and hypothesized that Bi-V VAC ratios, defined as the VVC index (VVCI), may discriminate PPH and SPH. Methods: Adult male mice (n=6/group) underwent constriction of the pulmonary artery (PAC) or thoracic aorta (TAC) to model PPH and SPH respectively. Sham-operated animals underwent a left thoracotomy. Closed chest simultaneous Bi-V catheterization was performed after 7 days in PPH and 10 weeks in SPH. Conductance catheters were used for right and left ventricular PVL analysis via the right external jugular vein and right common carotid artery under steady-state conditions and with variable preload. Results: Steady-state Bi-V PVL and changes in VAC ratios and the VVCI are shown below. In sham mice VAC ratios and the VVCI reflect optimal ventricular efficiency. In PPH, the VVCI is significantly increased, while in SPH, the VVCI is significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion: These results identify a novel method to quantify Bi-V function in mice and further show that the VVCI can distinguish PPH and SPH. These findings have important implications for examining cardiac function in preclinical and clinical studies of left- and right-sided heart failure.
A floating tap termination scheme with inverted DBI AC and floating tap forcing technique for high-speed low-power signaling

This paper presents a novel floating tap termination (FTT) scheme with inverted data bus inversion (iDBI_AC) and floating tap forcing (FTF) to remove the DC current path, leading to reduction of static current. The iDBI_AC and FTF are proposed to resolve common-mode stabilization issues for the floating tap termination scheme during transmitting unbalanced data patterns. Power efficiency with the proposed scheme using 0.6V I/O supply and a 0.13-um technology is measured as 0.127mW/Gbps/pin, which is 61% lower than that of a low tap termination (LTT) scheme used in LPDDR4X. In addition to the power benefit, measurement results present that the proposed scheme leads to achieve 7Gbps data-rate without penalty of signal integrity issues and the iDBI_AC minimizes inter-symbol interference (ISI).
Roles of hippurate and indoxyl sulfate in the impaired ligand binding by azotemic plasma.

Despite extensive efforts by many investigators the chemical basis of most uremic disorders is not known. We have been studying a circumscribed disorder, impaired plasma protein binding of acidic drugs and endogenous metabolites, hoping to discover investigative approaches which might be applicable to study of more complex uremic disorders. Our initial interest in the problem arose from our finding of markedly reduced levels of plasma tryptophan in patients with renal failure, before and after long-term dialysis treatment. This change appeared to be due to impaired binding of tryptophan by azotemic plasma (1). The initial hypothesis proposed by others that binding is impaired because plasma albumin is per se abnormal has little support. Substantial evidence indicates that retained uremic solutes, which bind to plasma proteins, account for this defect (2). Two aromatic anions, hippurate and indoxyl sulfate, accumulate to substantial levels in uremia and are known to be moderate to strong displacers of several albumin-bound model probes in vitro (3-5). In addition, Lichtenwalner et al have implied that o-hydroxyhippurate may be an important binding inhibitor in azotemic plasma (6). To evaluate the relative importance of these three aromatic anions as binding inhibitors, we have developed highly sensitive and specific HPLC methods to measure their concentrations in plasma of patients With a wide range of renal failure. We have also determined the binding of 14 C-salicylate by normal plasma, azotemic plasma and normal plasma “spiked” with a wide range of hippurate and indoxyl sulfate and correlated the concentrations of these ligands with salicylate binding. Salicylate was used as a probe because it binds to both of the major binding sites on albumin for aromatic anions. Finally, we have determined the effect of wide variations in concentrations of pH, calcium and chloride on binding.
Shifting the Paradigm of Emergency Care in Developing Countries.

Background The global agenda does not address a significant amount of preventable death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While illnesses requiring acute care are increasing at an alarming rate in these countries, there are inadequate numbers of physicians or nurses to deal with the growing burden. Many people feel that emergency systems are too expensive and restricted in scope to have public health implications in resource-limited areas. Little empirical data exists to suggest otherwise. The goal of this study was to delineate the type and frequency of emergency conditions and define a novel method to estimate the burden of emergency diseases in Fort Liberte, Haiti. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional medical record review was performed on all emergency room visits to Fort Liberte Hospital in 2009 and 2010. The type, frequency, and annual incidence of emergency conditions were identified and used to determine the burden of emergency disease. A disability-adjusted life year (DALY) calculation was estimated using a variation on a model of indirect national data extrapolation to cities. Results Nineteen months of data available yielded 2000 charts with 2284 diagnoses in total. Trauma was the most common illness at 13% of all charts, followed by abdominal pain at 11%, gastroenteritis at 8%, skin and soft tissue infections at 7%, and hypertension at 6%. The DALY calculation showed disability from emergency conditions to be five times that of HIV, malaria, and TB combined. Conclusions Sufficient emergency burden of disease affects population health in Fort Liberte, Haiti to warrant addressing it as a public health concern. The kinds of conditions described in this review may be amenable to task shifting as a feasible, sustainable, and scalable way to address the burden in a cost-effective manner.
Intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus-a review of the current practice

Intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus are complex injuries that can considerably limit elbow function if not treated appropriately. Surgical management is indicated for most intra-articular distal humerus fractures with the goal of restoring elbow range of motion and function. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws has been the preferred surgical option. Double plating is recommended for bicolumnar fractures and plates can be applied either parallel or orthogonal to each other. Surgical approach for ORIF of the distal humerus can be performed through an olecranon osteotomy, but other approaches that preserve the olecranon are also in use, such as the triceps-reflecting, triceps-splitting, paratricipital, and triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle approach. The ulnar nerve is identified during the approach, followed by either in situ decompression or anterior transposition. Elbow arthroplasty has also emerged as a viable alternative to ORIF for fixation of these fractures in elderly patients with poor bone quality.
Civic Engagements in Museum Anthropology: A Prolegomenon for the Denver Museum of Nature and Science

Over the course of the 20th century, advocates and activists have sporadically argued that museums provide an ideal platform for engagements of civic life. Into the 21st century, the social roles and responsibilities of museums are actively being renegotiated, particularly with the blossoming of new collaborative and community-based programs and projects, from local tribally run ecomuseums to the National Museum of the American Indian. Through this case study of work at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science—focusing on two new enterprises, the Collections Synthesis Project and the Indigenous Inclusiveness Initiative—the challenges and opportunities for museum anthropology to contribute to the agenda of civic engagement are examined.
Comparisons of Verbal-Motor Performance and Learning in Serial Memory Tasks

Abstract Two groups of thirty male university students, equated on the basis of scores achieved when learning a series of nonsense syllables, were blindfolded and given 10 massed trials in two large maze tasks. No significant differences were found in the motor tasks between those of high and low verbal ability. No significant correlations were found between verbal and motor ability as measured by the experimental tasks.
Spatial and temporal fishing patterns at the outer banks of the Southern California Bight

We analyzed recreational and commercial catch records from 1980 to 2009 for the fishing blocks associated with the 5 southern offshore banks of the Southern California Bight (Cortes Bank, Tanner Bank, Northeast Bank, Cherry Ridge, and Garrett Ridge). Recreational fishers and divers targeted pelagic taxa (e.g., tunas and Yellowtail) but instead landed more benthic taxa (e.g., rockfishes, Ocean Whitefish, and California Sheephead). For the commercial fisheries, pelagics (Bluefin Tuna, Albacore, Skipjack, Yellowfin Tuna, Pacific Bonito, and Swordfish) were the most important taxa and represented a significant proportion (8%–27%) of the landings of these fishes in the bight. These fishes were caught primarily at Cortes and Tanner Banks, which together only represent 3.7% of the fishing grounds in the region. In addition, this proportion of catch of these critical species has been significantly increasing at the outer banks during this period. Based on their geography and physical oceanography, we propose that these offshore banks comprise a unique habitat for pelagic resources in the Southern California Bight.
Rapid evolution of acute kidney injury after initial infusion of pembrolizumab in a melanoma patient concurrently treated with RAF/MEK inhibitors

The use of either immune checkpoint blockade or RAF/MEK inhibitors represents standard of care treatment options for metastatic melanoma. Each class of these drugs has distinct response kinetics, adverse effects, and unique clinical challenges. Combination of immune checkpoint blockade and RAF/MEK inhibitors may result in rapid and durable responses, however, the potential adverse effects of such combinations are poorly characterized. Here, we describe the case of a patient with BRAF-mutant melanoma who received an initial infusion of anti-PD-1 therapy while taking RAF/MEK inhibitors and experienced severe acute kidney injury, an otherwise infrequent side effect of any of these drugs alone. Treatment with corticosteroids rapidly reversed this process, indicating an underlying immune-mediated complication. A deeper understanding of potential adverse effects of combination therapies and their potential mechanisms should be carefully considered in the treatment landscape for melanoma and other cancers.
Outcomes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients who Discontinue Hydroxychloroquine.

Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug that is recommended as a safe, daily prophylactic intervention for individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on previous studies that showed an association of HCQ use with reductions in flares compared with placebo. Our study aims to determine whether the discontinuation of HCQ leads to relapse of disease and whether the duration of HCQ use impacts the success of its eventual discontinuation. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on the medical records of patients diagnosed with SLE between July 1, 2006, and June 30, 2016. The data gathered included demographic factors, diagnostic symptoms, laboratory values, and SLE medications. Additionally, HCQ usage and discontinuation rates were collected as well as the timing and prevalence of flares during and after HCQ usage. Patients who were diagnosed with SLE but never used HCQ were excluded from the study. The occurrence of flares, clinical characteristics, and duration of treatment with HCQ were compared between the group that continued HCQ and the group that discontinued HCQ. Results Of the 509 patients who met inclusion criteria, 66.2% (n = 337) continued HCQ throughout the duration of their treatment (median duration of HCQ treatment was 8.0 years), whereas 33.8% (n = 172) did not (median duration of HCQ treatment was 1.9 years). Patients who received HCQ for less than 1 year before discontinuation (median duration of HCQ treatment was 2.5 months) were more likely to experience SLE flares compared with those who continued HCQ for more than 1 year (13.1% vs 5.7%, P = 0.019). Patients who experienced a flare while on HCQ were more likely to have arthritis, oral ulcers, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion With over 500 patient charts reviewed, this is the largest study comparing outcomes for patients on HCQ with those who discontinued it. Patients who discontinue HCQ after being on it for less than 1 year are at greater risk for flares compared with those who take HCQ for longer than 1 year. These findings should be used to guide treatment, educate patients on the role of continued treatment with HCQ, and ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality.
Self-reported antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral load in criminal justice-involved populations

Self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence measures that are associated with plasma viral load (VL) are valuable to clinicians and researchers, but are rarely examined among groups vulnerable to dropping out of care. One-seventh of all those living with HIV pass through incarceration annually and criminal-justice (CJ) involved people living with HIV (PLH) are vulnerable to falling out of care. We examined the association of self-reported ART adherence with VL in a criminal-justice sample compared to a routine-care sample. Samples: We examined data from a multisite collaboration of studies addressing the continuum of HIV care among CjJ involved persons in the Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain cohort. Data pooled from seven CJ- studies (n = 414) were examined and compared with the routine-care sample from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems’ seven sites (n = 11,698). Measures: In both samples, data on self-reported percent ART doses taken were collected via the visual analogue scale adherence measure. Viral load data were obtained by blood-draw. Analysis: We examined the associations of adherence with VL in both cohorts using mixed effects linear regression of log-VL, and mixed effects logistic regression of binary VL (≥ 200 copies/mL) outcomes. Interactions by CD4 count and self-reported health status were also tested. Among the CJ sample, the coefficient for log-VL was − 0.31 (95% CI = − 0.43, − 0.18; P < 0.01) and that in the routine-care sample was − 0.42 (95% CI = − 0.45, − 0.38; P < 0.01). For the logistic regression of binary detectable VL on 10% increments of adherence we found the coefficient was − 0.26 (95% CI = − 0.37, − 0.14; P < 0.01) and in the routine-care sample it was − 0.38 (95% CI = − 0.41, − 0.35; P < 0.01). There was no significant interaction by CD4 count level in the CJ sample, but there was in the routine-care sample. Conversely, there was a significant interaction by self-reported health status level in the criminal-justice sample, but not in the routine-care sample. The visual analogue scale is valid and useful to measure ART adherence, supporting treatment for CJ- involved PLH vulnerable to falling out of care. Research should examine adherence and VL in additional populations.
Physiological Response to Heat Stress

The human body is equipped with physiological systems that aid in heat dissipation during heat stress. These systems work to limit heat storage during heat stress to maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature. Thermal stress such as passive heat stress, exercise, or exercise in the heat exacerbates thermal strain and must be managed through various thermoeffector responses. This chapter provides a fundamental understanding of the body’s physiological responses to heat stress and biophysical factors that promote or interfere with heat loss. Our aim is to first examine environmental and exercise conditions that optimize heat loss and address biophysical determinants that result in metabolic heat production and heat dissipation. We also present neurological control of heat stress and ways in which neural control of physiological systems enhance heat loss. Finally, we address heat acclimatization and behavioral thermoregulation as methods to further enhance heat loss during heat stress.
Too loud? Do powered hand dryers violate federal noise exposure standards?

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine if high-powered air hand dryers produce sufficient noise to warrant concern over acoustic trauma as determined by federally established standards. Study design Prospective observational field data collection Setting Urban and suburban community Subjects and methods Using a NIOSH developed and calibrated soundmeter app, powered hand dryers were measured throughout two metropolitan areas. Ear level measurements were performed while drying wet hands. Recorded variables included average LAeq, Time-Weighted Average, Max and Peak Levels, Noise Dose, and Projected Dose according to NIOSH and OSHA standards, and all three major weighting networks (A, C, and Z). Results Fifty-four trials were performed at 27 locations. Average dryer run time was 28.9 s (range 14–45 s). Average LAeq (dBA), average maximum level (dBA), and average TWA (dBA) were 90.46 ± 5.32, 94.86 ± 5.73, 59.90 ± 6.80, respectively. The noise generated exceeded published manufacturer specifications. However, even with estimated cumulative daily exposure, the noise generated by these dryers did not exceed federal safety standards. Conclusions Air-powered hand dryers produce noise output at a level that many would find subjectively uncomfortable with some brands/models consistently producing noise in excess of 90 dBA. Nonetheless, these dryers do not produce sound exceeding NIOSH standards for noise exposure.
Optimal Management of the Hyperkinetic Gallbladder: A Comparison of Outcomes Between Operative and Nonoperative Approaches:

BackgroundA hyperkinetic gallbladder is defined as a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan ejection fraction (EF) of >80%. This condition is poorly described, and there is no current consens...
What Is New with Rezūm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy for LUTS/BPH?

Rezum® is a novel convection-based thermal therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This review provides an overview of its safety, efficacy, cost, and potential role in the paradigm of BPH/LUTS therapies. Data regarding Rezum® stems primarily from one large randomized controlled trial of 197 patients with 4 years of follow-up. The efficacy and safety of Rezum® is further supported by 4 additional studies including 1 prospective pilot study, 1 crossover study, and 2 retrospective studies. Durable improvements in IPSS (47–60%), QoL (38–52%), Qmax (45–72%), and PVR (11–38%) were seen without causing deterioration of sexual function. Rezum® offers a cost-effective and safe approach to treating BPH/LUTS and should be considered as a possible first-line therapy for patients with moderate to severe symptoms.