cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Conditions Diagnosed 1-4 Months Following an Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Encounter: A Matched-Cohort Study Using Inpatient and Outpatient Administrative Data-United States, 1 March-30 June 2020.

BACKGROUND: Late sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported; however, few studies have investigated the time-course or incidence of late new COVID-19-related health conditions (post-COVID conditions) after COVID-19 diagnosis. Studies distinguishing post-COVID conditions from late conditions caused by other etiologies are lacking. Using data from a large administrative all-payer database, we assessed the type, association, and timing of post-COVID conditions following COVID-19 diagnosis. METHODS: Using the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (PHD-SR) (release date, October 20, 2020) data, during March-June 2020, 27,589 inpatients and 46,857 outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 (case-patients) were 1:1 matched with patients without COVID-19 through the 4-month follow-up period (control-patients) by using propensity score matching. In this matched-cohort study, adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess for late conditions that were more common in case-patients compared with control-patients. Incidence proportion was calculated for conditions that were more common in case-patients than control-patients during 31-120 days following a COVID-19 encounter. RESULTS: During 31-120 days after an initial COVID-19 inpatient hospitalization, 7.0% of adults experienced at least one of five post-COVID conditions. Among adult outpatients with COVID-19, 7.7% experienced at least one of ten post-COVID conditions. During 31-60 days after an initial outpatient encounter, adults with COVID-19 were 2.8 times as likely to experience acute pulmonary embolism as outpatient control-patients and were also more likely to experience a range of conditions affecting multiple body systems (e.g. nonspecific chest pain, fatigue, headache, and respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and gastrointestinal system symptoms) than outpatient control-patients. Children with COVID-19 were not more likely to experience late conditions than children without COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to the evidence of late health conditions possibly related to COVID-19 in adults following COVID-19 diagnosis and can inform health care practice and resource planning for follow-up COVID-19 care.
Broadcast News Interviews

The broadcast news interview is a genre of broadcast talk characterized by a distinctive confluence of participants, subject matter, and interactional form. In a prototypical news interview, the interviewer acts as a professional journalist rather than as a partisan commentator or celebrity entertainer. Interviewees are public officials, experts, or others whose actions or views are newsworthy. The discussion focuses on current events and is “formal” rather than “conversational” in character. This article reviews the discursive and interactional practices characteristic of broadcast news interviews, including the turn-taking system that organizes such talk, the relevance of the audience, practices of questioning geared to the norms of neutralism and adversarialness, the boundary conditions for such norms, practices of answering associated with responsiveness and resistance, and various interview genres. Keywords: conversation analysis; journalism, broadcast; mass media; objectivity; political communication
Uniform Driver Interface (UDI) reference implementation and determinism

This paper briefly discusses the technology and standardization activities that are in progress in Project UDI (Uniform Driver Interface) and INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) Technical Committee R1, Real-time Computing Systems. Project UDI has an open source reference implementation that runs in several operating systems. The design of this implementation is discussed and real time issues identified. The focus of this paper is to discuss the changes that can be made to the Project UDI reference implementation to develop a deterministic UDI reference implementation suitable for real-time needs. These changes are fairly significant, but affect the operating system only, allowing the same UDI drivers to be used in the deterministic implementation as in the time-sharing implementations. The effects of these changes are evaluated in terms of the benefits to, or impacts on, different categories of users. Some of these changes are suitable for real-time safety critical systems; others make sense for other types of realtime systems. The types of issues discussed include allocation of data buffers and control structures, interrupt processing, scheduling, multiprocessors, I/O processors, etc. UDI also introduces a fundamental concept of execution "regions." Regions allow I/O drivers or protocol modules to live in different protection domains. These regions may in fact be on different processors. There are real-time trade-offs to be made in transitioning between regions. These trade-offs are discussed. Finally the paper discusses the status of the real-time standardization activity, the standardization decisions that have been made and the reasons for these decisions.
The Education of Librarians for Data Administration.

On souligne que le developpement des systemes de question de bases de donnees cree une nouvelle situation en ce qui concerne l'activite des bibliothecaires et des specialistes de l'information. L'enseignement propose doit tenir compte de ces developpements et les programmes doivent etre modifies en consequence
Utility of VerifyNow for Point-of-Care Identification of an Aspirin Effect Prior to Emergency Cardiac Surgery

BACKGROUND Patients with cardiovascular disease are frequently on aspirin, which may place them at risk for bleeding during surgical procedures. The utility of the VerifyNow test to rapidly identify an aspirin effect and predict bleeding risk prior to cardiac surgery was explored. METHODS A retrospective study was performed of patients on a clinical pathology consultation service that provides laboratory and transfusion support for patients undergoing major cardiac surgery. Patients who had VerifyNow testing for aspirin effect were selected. RESULTS A total of 88 patients had VerifyNow aspirin testing during the study period. The VerifyNow test correctly identified 52/63 (82.5%) patients with documented aspirin use, and missed 11/63 (17.5%) of aspirin users. Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) showed an aspirin effect in the majority of aspirin users missed by the VerifyNow assay. Moderate correlations were found between LTA and VerifyNow. Low aspirin reaction units were not associated with significant bleeding in these cardiac surgery patients. CONCLUSIONS We propose the VerifyNow assay for point-of-care identification of aspirin effect prior to emergency surgeries.
The Chemical Control of Feeding Behaviour in Cyphastrea Ocellina And In Some Other Hawaiian Corals

1. The feeding response of the Hawaiian coral Cyphastrea ocellina was elicited by alcoholic extracts of Artemia nauplii and of plankton. 2. Chromatographic analysis of these extracts revealed that the imino acid proline was primarily responsible for the observed mouth opening and feeding behaviour. 3. Somewhat less feeding activity was also caused by the reduced tripeptide glutathione. 4. Analogues of these compounds, pipecolic acid and S -methyl glutathione, respectively, were as effective as the naturally occurring compounds. 5. Some data are also presented for the feeding responses of two other Hawaiian corals, Pocillopora damicronis and Fungia scutaria .
Adenosine mapping for adenosine-dependent accessory pathway ablation.

Background This study describes the use of adenosine during ablation procedures to allow conduction through adenosine-dependent accessory pathways (APs), which are inactive at the time of the procedure. The technique allows for successful mapping and ablation of these pathways. Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing AP ablation from 1998 to 2008 to identify patients with absent or intermittent AP conduction during electrophysiology study. Adenosine boluses were used to activate the AP for the purpose of mapping in each case. Results Adenosine mapping was utilized in seven patients. One patient had a concealed AP at baseline and six patients had manifest preexcitation at baseline but lost AP conduction during the case. Alternative methods of enhancing AP conduction were attempted in five patients, but failed. Acute ablation results included: four patients with complete elimination of AP conduction, two patients with AP conduction only with adenosine, and one patient with return of baseline preexcitation. Patients with residual antegrade conduction had right superior (anterior) septal APs considered too close to the atrioventricular conduction system for safe ablation. At median follow-up of 2 years, all three patients with residual AP conduction had recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia; the remainder remained free of preexcitation and SVT. Conclusion Adenosine mapping is a useful technique for facilitating AP ablation when pathway conduction is absent or inconsistent, and may enhance conduction in mechanically inhibited or previously ablated APs. Recurrence of AP conduction only during adenosine administration is predictive of late recurrence.
Comparison of intratracheal and intravenous inoculation of sheep erythrocytes in the induction of local and systemic immune responses.

The interdependence of the local and systemic immune systems in the development of the immune responses relating to the lung was evaluated. Hamsters were inoculated with 109 sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) via local (intratracheal) or systemic (intravenous) routes of immunization. The local immune response was quantitated by the specific antibody-forming cell (sAFC) response in the pulmonary draining lymph nodes (pdLNC). sAFC in the spleens and serum hemagglutination titers evaluated the systemic immune response. The local inoculation of antigen was superior for induction of the maximal numbers of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and non-IgM sAFC in the pdLNC at 4 days post-immunization. However, the local response coould be enhanced by a concomitant splenic response. The local route of inoculation did not consistently induce an sAFC response in the spleen, but when the spleen was involved, two unique observations were recorded regarding the IgM response: (i) an approximate twofold increase in the numbers of sAFC was seen in the pdLNC on day 7 post-inoculation in animals that had a splenic sAFC response; and (ii) the appearance of an early (day 4) serum IgM hemagglutination titer was observed in the animals with a splenic sAFC response. However, the appearance of IgG serum hemagglutination titers was independent of the indirect sAFC response in the spleen but correlated with the appearance of indirect sAFC response in the pdLNC. As expected, intravenous inoculation of antigen was superior for inducing a systemic IgM response. We concluded that the local and systemic immune responses are related and interdependent in providing immune reactivity related to the lung. Whereas the systemic response enhanced both the serum IgM titer and the specific IgM antibody-forming cell response in the draining nodes, we observed that the local response was sufficient for the IgG serum hemagglutination titer even in the absence of a splenic sAFC response.
A scaled-down microgrid laboratory testbed

The demand for microgrids is growing rapidly since it is able to integrate distributed generation, reduce peak-load profile and transmission power losses, and increase customers' power reliability. Microgrid infrastructures and testbeds are built or under construction globally. A 13.8-kV 4.75-MVA microgrid laboratory testbed is being built and initially tested at the University of Arkansas. However, applying and debugging new control schemes and algorithms directly in a large-scale high-power testbed poses considerable safety risks and could even damage testbed equipment. Computer-based simulations (e.g., using Matlab/SimulinkTM, PSCADTM) of a microgrid including several power electronic converters are time consuming and sometimes the degree of modeling may not be able to reveal some hardware experimental problems. Therefore, a low-cost, scaled-down microgrid laboratory testbed is proposed in this paper for pre-validation of new microgrid concepts before full-power implementation. Power electronic circuit hardware design, the differences with the high-power prototype and hardware test results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and shortage of the proposed ideas.
Real Enemies: Conspiracy Theories and American Democracy, World War I to 9/11 – By Kathryn S. Olmstead

Barack Obama took the oath of office on 20 January 2009. A day later, to correct for Chief Justice John Roberts's syntactical errors, he took it again in no small part to ward off accusations by co...
Dynamic decentralized estimation and control in a multi-access broadcast channel

A class of simple recursive procedures for decentralized control of a multi-access broadcast channel is presented. The procedures are designed to maintain a constant level of channel traffic in the presence of backlog fluctuations. The control procedures give rise to simple Markov chain models for the system, and stable throughput is achieved for input rates ? < e-1. A general technique and some results based on the analysis of drift are introduced for obtaining bounds of geometric type on marginal distributions, hitting time distributions, and occupation measures of random processes. The technique can be used to prove stability of the control policies presented in this paper.
Controller to Regulate Maximum Server CPU Temperatures in a Rack by Varying CRAC Supply Air Temperatures

Conventionally, raised floor data centers operate using controllers that only maintain constant data center space conditions (i.e. supply air temperatures or return air temperatures) at the Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) Unit level with the intention of providing enough cooling for the servers. The objective of this paper is to explore the framework required to design a controller that regulates server CPU temperatures by specifying the supply air temperature of the CRAC. The controller will be an addition to the existing controller used by the CRAC to regulate supply air temperatures. In the discrete-time domain, implementation and the performance of the modified integral action controller is analyzed and other important parameters are compared. As a preliminary attempt, the controller will be designed for a standard 44U cabinet with 42 “1U” servers, where the machines will execute a prescribed compute load variation: (1) step increase in all compute loads and (2) scaled down representation for a rack of servers using utilization trends from one of Google’s data centers. Ultimately, the development of this controller is motivated by the growing interest in Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) where the IT level and facility level information are both used to intelligently plan and manage resources of a data center.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Forecast bias and accuracy of exchange rates in emerging markets

Abstract This study assesses the forecast bias and accuracy of the three commonly used forecast methods for 12 different emerging market currencies. We find that each forecast method commonly exhibits a forecast bias. The random walk method outperformed the forward rate and ARIMA methods for some emerging market currencies, and was not outperformed by these alternative methods. In general, it appears that the incorporation of expectation components by the implicit forward and ARIMA methods do not improve the forecast, and actually reduce forecast accuracy in some cases. Furthermore, the Latin American currencies were typically forecast with more error.
Inhibition of cardiovascular low‐Km cAMP phosphodiesterase activity by medorinone

Medorinone (5-methyl-1, 6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one) is a structurally novel cardiotonic/vasodilator agent. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of medorinone on subcellular systems involved in the contractile-relaxation processes of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle (VSM); cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), Ca2+-regulated contractile proteins, and sarcolemmal Na+-K+ ATPase. Medorinone produces concentration-related inhibition (IC50 values between 0.38 and 1.3 μ) of the cGMP-inhibitable, low-Km cAMP PDE (peak III PDE from a DEAE-cellulose column) present in guinea pig and canine cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. The potency of medorinone is similar to that of milrinone and papaverine, less than CI-930, and greater than imazodan, piroximone, and amrinone. Medorinone is approximately 300–400 × less potent an inhibitor of the low-Km cAMP PDE. Medorinone appears to be a non-linear mixed inhibitor of the low-Km cAMP PDE having a Ki value of approximately 0.3 μM. Medorinone is also an equipotent inhibitor (IC50 values between 0.23 and 0.35 μM) of the low-m cAMP PDE present in soluble and particulate fractions obtained from normal and myopathic human hearts, with no differences in potency observed between normal and myopathics. Medorinone (10 and 100 μM) does not affect VSM myosin light chain phosphorylation or VSM actomyosin superprecipitation. Moreover, medorinone does not affect cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity or cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-K+ ATPase activity. In summary, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of the low-Km cAMP PDE isozyme by medorinone in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle is a mechanism by which this agent produce both positive cardiac inotropy and VSM relaxation.
Psychological effects of custody disputes on children

This two-group, repeated measures examination of the psychological impact of child custody contests on children reports a subset of data from an ongoing longitudinal study of 95 children and their parents from 43 divorcing families. The authors report clinical observations concerning children's experience of custody litigation, as well as comparisons of baseline and post-test responses of contested and uncontested groups on measures of locus of control, separation anxiety and family concept. Contested children exhibited significantly greater internality of control orientation than the normative sample. Contested children's test scores also suggested significantly less separation anxiety and significantly more positive family concept than the uncontested group at post-test. The implications of these unanticipated findings are discussed.
New developments in understanding the role of salicylic acid in plant defence

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) is currently considered as a key molecule in activating plant defence againstvarious insects and pathogenic invaders. Its role in determining the so-called systemic acquiredresistance (SAR), that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, hasdeﬁnitely been established. The activation of an SA-dependent signalling pathway is also associatedwith more speciﬁc plant defences, such as those determined by gene-for-gene recognition of thepathogen by plants carrying resistance genes (R-genes). A recent further impulse in the investi-gation of the role of SA, both in local defences and SAR, has come either from genetic screens ofArabidopsis or from SA-degrading transgenic plants that express the bacterial salicylate hydroxylasegene (NahG). Genetic screens of Arabidopsis and the recently developed microarray technologyallowed us to identify several genes involved in SA synthesis and signalling. However, the bio-chemical mechanisms by which SA can exert its many functions are not clear yet and the scope ofthis review is to report on such mechanisms. SA signalling is indicated here as a complex networkoperating through gene expressions and biochemical pathways which are ﬁnely regulated by SAconcentration. According to its level in plants, SA may operate as a beneﬁcial anti-inﬂammatorycompound or as a cell killer. New developments in understanding the role of SA in plant defenceare reported from studies on root response to soil pests, such as root-knot nematodes. The roleof SA in diseases of roots has been reviewed here for the ﬁrst time, as most of our knowledge onthis matter is based on studies carried out on leaves.Keywords: Salicylic acid, Plant resistance, Root diseases, Hypersensitive reaction, Reactive oxygen species,Programmed cell death
Design and synthesis of metal ion-recognition-induced conjugated polymers: An approach to metal ion sensory materials

The synthesis and metal ion responsive properties of two 2,2‘-bipyridyl-phenylene-vinylene-based polymers is reported. These polymers are designed to be partially conjugated in their metal-free state and fully conjugated when exposed to metal ions so that the ion-induced conjugation enhancement can be transduced into a measurable signal. It is found that these polymers exhibit highly ionochromic effects with a wide variety of transition and main group metal ions excluding metal ions of the alkali and alkaline earth groups. For instance, both absorption and fluorescence emission bands of the polymers upon exposure to metal ions can be red-shifted up to 120 nm, depending on the metal ions present and the polymers used.
Validation of Annuli Formation in Pectoral Fin Rays from Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Lower Platte River, Nebraska

AbstractFish age is commonly estimated by counting bands on calcified structures. Age estimates are used to calculate information on population dynamics such as growth, mortality, and recruitment. Pectoral fin rays are the most frequently used structure to age sturgeon species, yet little work has been done to validate annuli formation. We collected Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus monthly from the lower Platte River, Nebraska, during 2011 and 2012 and removed the leading, left pectoral fin ray from each fish captured. We used marginal increment analysis to assess the validity of annual deposition of growth marks on pectoral fin rays. There were two complete cycles of increasing and decreasing increment values between March and November within each year. Mean marginal increments showed minimal peaks in March, July, and October followed by a decrease in increment length during April, September, and November. However, mean marginal increments were similar between months in both years. These r...
Extensive adaptive changes occur in the transcriptome of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) in response to incubation with human blood.

To enhance understanding of how Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) adapts during invasive infection, we performed a whole-genome transcriptome analysis after incubation with whole human blood. Global changes occurred in the GBS transcriptome rapidly in response to blood contact following shift from growth in a rich laboratory medium. Most (83%) of the significantly altered transcripts were down-regulated after 30 minutes of incubation in blood, and all functional categories of genes were abundantly represented. We observed complex dynamic changes in the expression of transcriptional regulators and stress response genes that allow GBS to rapidly adapt to blood. The transcripts of relatively few proven virulence genes were up-regulated during the first 90 minutes. However, a key discovery was that genes encoding proteins involved in interaction with the host coagulation/fibrinolysis system and bacterial-host interactions were rapidly up-regulated. Extensive transcript changes also occurred for genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including multi-functional proteins and regulators putatively involved in pathogenesis. Finally, we discovered that an incubation temperature closer to that occurring in patients with severe infection and high fever (40°C) induced additional differences in the GBS transcriptome relative to normal body temperature (37°C). Taken together, the data provide extensive new information about transcriptional adaptation of GBS exposed to human blood, a crucial step during GBS pathogenesis in invasive diseases, and identify many new leads for molecular pathogenesis research.
Distortion of OPO bond angles in phosphorus monoanions: Ab initio studies

Results are reported from ab initio studies of phosphinate anion H2PO2− and phosphate anion, (HO)2PO2− and the distortion of these anions by the biochemically important metal cations, Mg++ and Zn++. Ab initio results are reported from four basis sets for phosphinate ion and three basis sets for phosphate ion. We find that: 1) the results using the STO-3G∗ basis set are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and with the calculation done with the large 6−31+G∗ basis set and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory; 2) that phosphinate anion is an appropriate analog for studying the interactions of phosphate monoanion; 3) that the interaction with Mg++ and Zn++ is enough to cause the deformation previously hypothesized; 4) that correlations we have noted from experimental results are supported by the computational data; 5) that the OPO angle contracts significantly more on metal interactions than we predicted from our previous experimental studies using the one-bond, PH coupling constant; and 6) density matrix elements for interaction of the 3s orbital at phosphorous and 1s orbital at hydrogen correlate with one-bond, PH coupling constants.
Simulating the degradation of TCE under methanogenesis

Abstract The purpose of this work was to illustrate a procedure to simulate, based on the methane production, the biodegradation of trichloroethylene by mixed bacterial cultures under methanogenic conditions. For this purpose, the degradation kinetics of trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and chloroethane were investigated in a series of batch‐type experiments. Kinetic rate constants were normalized with respect to the methane production in the vials. These normalized rates measured in the laboratory where then extrapolated to the field scale to simulate the degradation of TCE in aquifers with different methanogenic activities.
Terahertz Pioneer: Erik L. Kollberg ``Instrument Maker to the Stars''

This article presents a brief biographical account of Erik L. Kollberg and his career in radioastronomy pioneering the development of terahertz-wave devices and equipment for use in radiotelescopes.
Thrust-Washer Evaluation of Self-Lubricating PS304 Composite Coatings in High Temperature Sliding Contact

PS304 self-lubricating composite coatings were successfully deposited on steel substrates at various plasma spray facilities using mixtures blended from commercially obtained constituent particles. Coatings were evaluated in thrust-washer tests against Inconel X-750 at low contact pressures to 40kPa, sliding speed of 5Amis, and either ambient temperature or 500 °C chosen to simulate conditions in airfoil bearings during startup and shutdown contact. Wear factors for all PS304 coatings tested, regardless of contact pressure and temperature, ranged from 1–3*10−4 mm3/Nm while coefficients of friction of approximately μ =0.5 were measured in all cases. While wear and friction behavior of PS304 in air foil bearings appear to have been simulated, surface roughening was observed in these thrust-washer tests which used continuous sliding contact, as opposed to the evolution of smoother surfaces observed in high-temperature foil bearings experiencing cyclic startup/shutdown. Wear-induced surface smoothening of PS3...
Magnetic compatibility of solar electric propulsion module with spacecraft and science

An investigation has been conducted in order to assess the impact of magnetic fields generated by the propulsion module upon the scientific instrumentation of the spacecraft as proposed for the mission to comet Encke. It was found that dc magnetic fields could potentially be a threat to the magnetometer experiment, whereas ac fields could affect the plasma wave experiment instrumentation. Studies included a set of measurements, computer simulation, and mathematical analyses. Ways for achieving the compatibility of the propulsion module with science are studied and recommendations advanced.
High capacity silicon nitride-based composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

A new composite material comprised of Si nitride (SiNx) derived from Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) via a vacuum CVD approach within a graphene matrix was synthesized as a potential Li ion battery (LIB) anode material. The deposition technique generated an external composition of Si3N4 and SiN0.73 on the SiNP, with the overall N-levels increasing with deposition time. The SiNx electrochemical reaction can be attributed to a two-stage reversible mechanism: first the SiNx phase was converted to a matrix of Li3N with embedded nano Si, and then the Si content participates in the high capacity alloying/dealloying reactions. Galvanostatic cycling of the composite (50% Si w/w) using 500 mA g−1 displayed exceptionally stable capacity around 1400 mA h g−1 attributed to the improved stress management and conductivity of the Li3N matrix. SiNx is demonstrated to be a compelling anode for LIBs, and with further development and optimization this might become the leading contender for the high capacity anode to possibly succeed current graphitic electrodes.
Comprehensive Linkage of Defect and Phase Equilibria Through Ferroelectric Transition Behavior in BaTiO3‐Based Dielectrics: Part 2. Defect Modeling Under Low Oxygen Partial Pressure Conditions

Defect and phase equilibria have been investigated through the ferroelectric phase transition behavior of pure and equilibrated nonstoichiometric BaTiO3 powders. The paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition temperature (TC–T) was found to vary systematically with materials fabricated with different Ba/Ti ratio (g*) and under various oxygen partial pressure () conditions.1 The solubility regime, as determined through the TC–T variation, decreased with decreasing.2 Determining the solubility limits and equilibrating the defect reactions at the solubility limits provide a direct approach to calculate the defect formation energies and provide data to test a new defect model for concurrent defect reactions of partial Schottky and reduction defects. A refined approach introduces a balanced equilibrium between the oxygen vacancy concentrations controlled by the partial Schottky and reduction reactions. In the limiting ambient cases the approach gives the expected results, and also fully explains the solubility trends under low's. Universally, the theory supports all the experimental data over different temperatures and's.
Acquisitions in the nineties: Surviving the fragmenting future

Articles forecasting the effects of automation on libraries have only recently begun to recognize the impact technologies external to the library will have on the acquisition function and librarians in all parts of academic libraries. Although the technologies appear to be fragmenting the acquisitions process within and external to the library, these technologies offer options that will dramatically change how libraries serve their clientele. At this time, these options may preclude traditional organizational design. Acquisitions librarians and their peers in all library departments must explore and learn about these technologies and the information they can provide, and actively participate in the design of new services.
Laser deposition and deformation behavior of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys for orthopedic implants.

Abstract Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser deposited complex quaternary Ti–34Nb–7Zr-7Ta (all wt%), an orthopedic load-bearing implant alloy, has been investigated in detail in both as-deposited as well as heat-treated (β-solutionized and quenched) conditions. The difference in stress–strain behavior of this alloy in the above conditions has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), orientation imaging microscopy (OIM™) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to the sample in heat-treated condition, the as-deposited sample showed evidence of strong growth related texture. Again in the as-deposited post tensile-tested condition formation of a high density of shear bands, possibly arising from slip localization due to shearing of ω precipitates in the β matrix is observed. TEM investigations also show the presence of lenticular shaped deformation induced ω phase within the shear bands. In contrast, in case of the β-solutionized sample, twinning and the formation of stress-induced plates appears to be the primary mode of deformation. The change in deformation mechanism and thus the tensile property of this alloy could be attributed to the crystallographic texture along the growth direction as well as diffusion mediated isothermal ω precipitates, that cause an enrichment of Nb and Ta in the β matrix, during the laser-deposition process. This is no longer present after the solutionizing treatment.
Experimental Analysis of a Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine

Increases in wind turbine efficiency have helped to provide cost-effective power to an ever-growing portion of the world. This paper explores the possibility of increasing power production using two counter-rotating sets of wind turbine blades. A review of design characteristics, such as number of blades, blade angle of twist, chord length, and generator efficiencies, resulted in the design of a counter-rotating wind turbine incorporating three different National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) cross-sectional blade profiles along the span of the blades. A three-blade front system and two different three-blade rear systems were studied. The blade prototypes were modeled in SolidWorks® , produced using a Dimension SST 3D printer, and then tested using two Parallax™ four-pole stepper motors as generators in a model 406B ELD wind tunnel. Testing was performed between 15 mph and 40 mph in 5-mph increments. Preliminary results indicate that a counter-rotating assembly is promising for increasing energy extraction from a column of air. The counter-rotating system reached its optimum operating efficiency in wind tunnel testing at 25 mph using an exact reflection for the rear fan. At these test conditions 0.40% of the energy in the air column was converted into usable power. This outcome compares to a 0.21% power conversion when testing only the front-blade system. Additional testing will be completed using flow visualization in a ELD 502 water tunnel along with CFD analysis. The purpose of this testing is to discover air column behavior behind the upstream and downstream blade systems to optimize the design and increase total system efficiency. An appropriate scaling method must also be found. Currently, an energy model is being used to scale from the wind tunnel to the water tunnel. These tests would make it possible to design blade sets to create a maximum total efficiency at a specific wind speed. It would also be valuable to determine if counter-rotating systems could expand the range of possible turbine locations by lowering the required wind speed for significant power generation.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Isotopic compositions of calcium, barium, neodymium and xenon in meteorites

Isotopic anomalies observed in meteorites for Ca, Ba, Nd and Xe are explained as due to the alteration of the isotopic ratios by a combined effect of mass fractionation, neutron-capture and cosmic-ray irradiation processes, which took place prior to and during the period of formation of the solar system. The neutron-capture process appears to have occurred at a temperature higher than that of the earth's surface.
Rapid assessment of aortic regurgitation and left ventricular function using cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and the proximal convergence zone

Abstract In patients with aortic regurgitation (AR), knowledge of the severity of AR, and the degree of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction are important for optimal management. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies to assess these parameters used multiple tomographic planes that are time-consuming to obtain and analyze, and thus not cost-effective. In addition, these studies assessed the severity of AR by looking simply at the size of the regurgitant jet, a parameter that relates only poorly to regurgitant volume, the present study evaluates a rapid, single-plane, cine NMR approach (scan time 0.87; n = 18). The NMR approach enables simultaneous assessment of LV function and AR, using practical acquisition and analysis times.
The Lady Windermere Syndrome

A 78-year-old woman with bronchiectasis, numerous prior admissions for bacterial pneumonia, and mitral valve prolapse presented to this hospital with fever and cough for 6 days. The patient reported developing a nagging, persistent cough described as ‘‘inhaling cake crumbs,’’ without sputum production 6 days prior. Concomitantly, the patient experienced low-grade temperatures ranging from 37.8–38.6 C. On presentation to this hospital, the patient reported worsening ‘‘coughing attacks,’’ complicated by diffuse myalgias and generalized weakness. The patient, however, denied recent illnesses or travel. Physical examination was notable for a temperature of 38.9 C, respirations of 29 breaths per minute, an oxygen saturation of 90 % while breathing ambient air, and diffuse wheezing and rhonchi throughout all the lung fields. A chest radiograph showed widespread bronchiectasis bilaterally, but no consolidative opacities, pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, or pneumothoraces (Fig. 1). Computed tomography of the chest without intravenous contrast material demonstrated moderate bilateral bronchiectasis as well as tree-in-bud nodularity throughout the right, middle and lingular segments, suggestive of mycobacterium avium–intracellulare infection (Fig. 2). Two separate sputum samples were obtained, and were subsequently positive for mycobacterium avium–intracellulare. Human immunodeficiency virus testing was negative. The patient was initially prescribed ceftazidime and levofloxacin with transition to clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol for 1 year, with complete resolution of her symptoms. Repeated computed tomography of the chest without intravenous contrast material completed 6 months later demonstrated persistent, moderate bilateral bronchiectasis with near complete resolution of the previously seen tree-in-bud nodularity, suggestive of resolving mycobacterium avium–intracellulare infection (Fig. 3).
The role of the T-pilus in horizontal gene transfer and tumorigenesis.

Abstract The T-pilus is a flexuous filamentous appendage that is essential for Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence. T-pilus subunits are derived from a VirB2-processing reaction that generates cyclized polypeptide subunits. The T-pilus filament has a diameter of 10 nm and contains a lumen approximately 2 nm in diameter. Biogenesis of the T-pilus requires all 11 VirB proteins, but not the VirD4 protein, which is used in conjugal plasmid transfer. VirB4 and VirB11 are two ATPases that may form homohexameric rings within the transport apparatus, which is composed of VirB6–10 proteins.
Improved conditions for the preservation and extraction of polyphosphoinositides.

Abstract 1. 1. Conditions have been determined which permit the recovery of greater amounts of di- and triphosphoinositides from tissues than previously obtained, especially when some time must be allowed to elapse before the extraction procedure can be started. Addition of CaCl2 at the optimal level of 60 μmoles/g of tissue to the chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) (at least 15 vol.) used for the extraction of the bulk of the lipids results in the subsequent isolation of larger quantities of polyphosphoinositides and especially diphosphoinositide. When tissue homogenates or subcellular fractions are to be analyzed, the use of an alkaline homogenization medium largely prevents the degradation of these lipids for several hours. Keeping the temperature near 0 °C is desirable. 2. 2. When these conditions were combined with the usual extraction of polyphosphoinositides with acidified solvents and separation by thin-layer chromatography, levels of the two lipids in brains of 1- and 7-day-old rats were similar at both ages, but diphosphoinositide was about 50 % higher than triphosphoinositide. During standing at room temperature levels in 7-day-old brains fell more rapidly than in 1-day-old brains. 3. 3. Levels in gray matter of 34-day-old rats were higher than previously found (Hauser G., Eichberg J. and Gonzalez-Sastre F. (1971) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 248, 87–95) but the marked disappearance during a period of anoxia was confirmed. 4. 4. Adult rat kidney values were increased much less than those for brain when the initial extraction was carried out in the presence of CaCl2.
The Electrophysiological Substrate of Atrial Fibrillation

The electrophysiological substrate that predisposes the human atrium to sustain alrial fibrillation is incompletely understood. However, abnormalities of atrial size, refractory period and conduction are important precursors to this arrhythmia. The propensity of various disease states, cardio active drugs and the autonomic nervous system to potentiate atrial fibrillation may be explained by changes in these electrophysiological properties.
Mahogany/Attractin: Enroute from Phenotype to Function

The mouse mahogany mutation affects melanocortin signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis and hair color. The gene mutated in mahogany mice encodes attractin, a large transmembrane protein that is broadly expressed and conserved among multicellular animals. Mouse attractin is likely to have additional roles outside melanocortin signaling, and cloning of the gene provides information that can be used to form testable hypotheses about its biochemical function.
From vamps and tramps to teases and flirts: Stereotypes of women in criminology textbooks, 1956 to 1965 and 1981 to 1990

This paper compares the coverage of women and crime topics in all known introductory criminology textbooks published from 1956 to 1965 (N = 15) and from 1981 to 1990 (N = 29). Few changes are noted over time, either in the number of pages devoted to women and crime topics or in the women and crime topics discussed most often by textbook authors. I also examine in detail several sexist themes regarding women as criminals and crime victims, which appear often in the older textbooks and reappear all too frequently in the newer books. I conclude by discussing the implications of my findings for criminal justice education.
Strong interaction corrections to K0-K0 mixing in the six quark model☆

Abstract Strong interaction corrections to K0K0 mixing in the six quark model are computed in quantum chromodynamics using the leading logarithm approximation. The corrections to the real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal K0- K 0 mass matrix elements can be large.
Two sources of human irrationality: Cognitive dissonance and brain dysfunction

Abstract Akerof and Dickens explored the relevance of cognitive dissonance theory for economics, and the theory is shown here to predict occasional irrational thinking. Secondly, it is proposed that the focus of neuroeconomics on brain dysfunction and the role of neurotranmitters on cognition suggests two ways in which the functioning of the brain can impair rational decision-making.
Characterization of pollen deposition in a forest environment

Abstract Measurements of the dry deposition of pollen were made during the months of May and June 1987 in northern Wisconsin, using a smooth surrogate surface. Samples were taken on a raft located on Little Rock Lake and at a nearby field monitoring station. Rain samples were also collected at the field station. The wet SO 4 2− flux was 102.7 mg m −2 , compared with a dry SO 4 2− flux of 118 mg m −2 at the field monitoring site and 45 mg m −2 at the lake site. The SO 4 2− content of pollen ranged from 0.2 to 0.8% of the weight of the pollen, and NO 3 − concentrations were an order of magnitude lower. Between 9 and 22% of the pollen weight was available as total organic carbon (TOC) upon addition to water. The addition of pollen to distilled water produced an acid reaction, due to organic acids and not inorganic acidity.
Induced Increase in Resistance of Entamoeba histolytica to Fumagillin

ALTHOUGH there has been much work on in vitro effects of various amœbicidal agents on Entamoeba histolytica, I have not found any published data dealing with the induced increase in resistance of this protozoan to amœbicidal agents. The antiamœbic activity of fumagillin was first studied by McCowen et al. 1 and was confirmed by Hrenoff and Nakamura2. Many workers have since studied the clinical efficacy of fumagillin in amœbiasis3–7. The present work was undertaken to determine the activity of fumagillin against a number of newly isolated strains of E. histolytica from a variety of clinical infections. Also, an attempt was made to increase resistance of these strains to this highly active amœbacidal antibiotic. The main reason for using fumagillin in these experiments is that it is not antibacterial in activity and therefore this agent can be studied in cultures of amœbae growing in association with a mixed bacterial flora. The associated bacteria are required because E. histolytica cannot be cultivated axenically consistently. Furthermore, use of fumagillin minimizes the indirect activity of the drug on amœbae since the bacterial flora apparently are unaffected, and the inhibition of the amœbae can be considered as directly due to the antibiotic.
Light and electron microscopy of diet-induced atrial thrombosis in TS mice. I. Primary changes in the endocardium.

Light and electron microscopic studies were made of atria of mice (TS stock) fed either a normal diet or one high in fat (28% lard), low in protein (8% casein) and hypolipotropic. After four weeks on the high fat diet there was a pronounced thickening and splitting of the endocardial basement membrane into several layers. Concurrently the basal surface of atrial endothelium became indented and irregular. By 5–6 weeks numerous villous projections were present on the luminal surface of endothelial cells at sites other than at cell junctions, and vacuolization of endothelial cells had developed. Vacuole formation began on the basal surface of atrial endothelial cells. Closure of the indentations on the basal surface of endothelial cells seemed to produce the vacuoles. At seven weeks there was degeneration of the endothelial cells and atrial myocardium, with severe swelling of the mitochondria adjacent to unorganized thrombi. After 8–9 weeks small organizing atrial mural thrombi were observed attached to the atrial wall. Growth and organization of the lesion eventually filled the entire atrial lumen. After 20 weeks on the fat diet, 92% of the mice had large atrial thrombi. Control mice did not develop the above changes.
Assessing residual stress development and stress relaxation in restrained concrete ring specimens

Abstract Recently, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials implemented a provisional standard that uses the `ring test' to help quantify a materials' propensity for cracking. While this test may provide qualitative information that enables different mixtures to be compared, it does not provide quantitative information to describe how close a specimen is to failure. This paper will describe how the ring test may be used to provide quantitative information about stress development that may be used to assess the potential for cracking in concrete. An analytical stress formulation is presented to compute the actual residual stress level in the concrete using only the measured strain from the steel ring. The theoretical elastic stress is computed using the free shrinkage, ring deformation, and elastic modulus of the concrete. A comparison of the residual and theoretical elastic stress levels provides information about the extent of stress relaxation in a material. Continuously monitoring the strain that develops in the steel ring from the time of casting enables the effects of autogenous shrinkage to be determined as well as the effects of drying shrinkage.