cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel tri-layer nanoindentation method to measure the mechanical properties of a porous brittle ultra-low-k dielectric thin film

Abstract The mechanical properties of two porous ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectric thin films (porous carbon-doped silicon dioxide (pSiCOH); and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)) were measured by nanoindentation. Since a direct contact of a nanoindentation tip with a thin and brittle ULK film will likely induce damage to the film and thus alters its mechanical response, the mechanical properties measured from direct nanoindentation on an ULK film do not necessarily represent the behavior of an ULK thin film in service condition. To circumvent this difficulty, a novel tri-layer configuration was used for sample preparation. In this method, a thin layer of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) silica was deposited on an ULK thin film to protect it from direct contact with a nanoindenter tip. A nanoindenter tip was in contact with TEOS coating on the layered film in nanoindentation, and the collected data was subsequently analyzed by finite element analysis. The Ogden hyperfoam model was used as the constitutive law for the ULK film in simulations, and found to be appropriate. Results indicate that the linear elastic model is only applicable for very small strains. At large strains the ULK films show nonlinear behavior due to densification of the porous ULK material under compaction. The moduli for the pSiCOH and OMCTS dielectric films were determined as 2.6 GPa and 5.2 GPa, respectively.
Cross-coupling of sulfonic acid derivatives via aryl-radical transfer (ART) using TTMSS or photoredox

The intramolecular cross-coupling of sulfonic acid derivatives occurs in the presence of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) at room temperature and in air to form biaryl compounds. A photoredox-catalyzed procedure is also described. These protocols provide mild and convenient alternatives to standard tin-mediated reactions. Combined with the trivial preparation of the substrates from activated sulfonic acids and 2-halophenols or anilines, this work presents a useful means to employ sulfonic acid derivatives in cross-coupling transformations. A modified linker to realize high regioselectivity is also presented. Finally, a one-pot cross-coupling procedure is demonstrated.
The theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model approach to consumer behavior regarding organic menus

Abstract This study’s purpose is to explore consumers’ intention to choose organic menu items at restaurants and their intention to visit restaurants featuring organic menu items. The study model was developed using the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model. With a total of 461 responses, the results from structural equation modeling indicated that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and personal norm are determinants of intention to choose organic menu items, which eventually lead to consumers’ intention to visit restaurants featuring organic menu items. Theoretical and managerial implications of the research are discussed.
Problems Experienced in the First Month After Discharge From a Heart Failure-Related Hospitalization

Purpose Heart failure is a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. Individuals with heart failure commonly experience problems that impact daily life. However, little is known regarding which problems are most significant during the immediate posthospitalization period. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify high-priority problems experienced by individuals the first month after discharge from an acute care facility with a diagnosis of heart failure. Methods This descriptive, exploratory study was part of a 12-week randomized controlled pilot study that examined the efficacy of a coping partnership intervention (COPE-HF Partnership) between a trained research nurse and individuals with heart failure in managing self-care and depressive symptoms. Data from participants randomized to the intervention group (N=19; 58% Caucasian, 58% male) were used in this study. Participants were provided a list of potential heart failure-related problems, from which they identified those of highest priority. Content and quantitative data analysis was conducted. Results Difficulty in managing heart failure symptoms, adhering to treatment plan, completing daily activities, and experiencing negative emotions and moods were the most common problems experienced by individuals with heart failure. Other less common problems for the group were inadequate resources and managing interpersonal issues. Conclusions Individuals with heart failure experience complex problems in the home that impact all aspects of their lives. Incorporating strategies to address these problems could assist in the development of interventions to reduce negative heart failure outcomes.
Slot Machine Preferences of Pathological and Recreational Gamblers Are Verbally Constructed

The current study attempted to alter preferences for concurrently available slot machines of equal payout through the development of equivalence classes and subsequent transfers of functions. Participants rated stimuli consisting of words thought to be associated with having a gambling problem (e.g., desperation and debt), words associated with overcoming a gambling problem (e.g., happiness and wealth), and various colors according to level of “pleasantness.” Next, participants alternated play between two simulated casinos, each containing two slot machines. Equivalence classes were formed between pleasantly and aversively rated stimuli, stimuli associated with the slot machines at each casino, and neutral color stimuli. Intermittent reex-posure to the various casino and slot machine options demonstrated that preferences could be altered based on derived transfer of emotive functions via equivalence relations.
From history of pharmacy to pharmaceutical history.

and all sorts of exciting-looking film equipment and at least 40 people, some of whom seemed to be hard at work but most of whom were just standing around. Perched at the edge of the ocean were two bathtubs side-by-side on a wooden platform. I parked my beach chair and watched for about an hour, during which time not much of anything happened. The male actor and the female actor sat in their respective tubs and occasionally spritzed themselves. My favorite part was when some of the crew used a fire hose to hose down the beachto make it look
Diseased skeletal muscle: a noncardiac source of increased circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is immunoreactive cardiac troponin T (cTnT) expression in diseased skeletal muscle that might cause possible false-positive increases in cTnT. Background Cardiac troponin (I or T) is the biomarker of choice for the diagnosis of cardiac injury. Recently, we were presented with a case that challenged the specificity of cTnT. Methods Patients with myopathies seen in the Neuromuscular Clinic at the Mayo Clinic were screened for increases in cTnT. If present, an assay for cTnI was performed. If normal, skeletal biopsy tissue was obtained for Western blot analysis using the capture and detection antibodies from both the fourth-generation and high-sensitivity cTnT assays. Results were compared with findings in normal cardiac tissue. Results Sixteen patients had increases in cTnT but not cTnI. All had a myopathy by clinical evaluation, clinical testing, and biopsy. Four residual biopsy samples were obtained. All 3 antibodies used in the cTnT (M11.7, M7) and high-sensitivity cTnT (5D8, M7) assays were immunoreactive with a 37- to 39-kDa protein in all 4 diseased skeletal muscle biopsy specimens and in cardiac tissue. A second immunoreactive isoform (34 to 36 kDa) was also found in 1 patient. None of the noncardiac control tissues expressed immunoreactive protein. Conclusions These results document that there are forms in diseased skeletal muscle that could cause increases in circulating levels of cTnT. These increases could reflect re-expressed isoforms. Clinicians need to be aware of the possibility that noncardiac increases in cTnT may occur and lead to a possible false-positive diagnosis of cardiac injury when skeletal muscle pathology is present.
Increase Power Density and Simplify Designs Using 3-D SiP Modules

Abstract Today, designers are demanding an overall form-factor reduction to save board space, increase functionality, and allocate more circuit board real estate toward end-user applications – all ...
Alerts and Warnings on Short Messaging Channels: Guidance from an Expert Panel Process

AbstractInformation is of utmost importance to the public during disasters, especially for those under imminent threat. Without information, and more specifically, without the right information, pe...
Kompressionskolbenringe in Otto- und Dieselmotoren

Der Kundenwunsch nach hoherer Motorleistung und geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch sowie die Forderung nach geringerer Umweltbelastung durch den Kraftfahrzeugverkehr erfordert einen hohen Entwicklungsaufwand bei den Herstellern von Otto- und Dieselmotoren. Der Zulieferer Federal-Mogul Burscheid GmbH leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erfullung dieser Zielvorgaben bei Kompressionskolbenringen durch Optimierungen und Weiterentwicklungen der wesentlichen Funktionsmerkmale Grundwerkstoff, Verschleisschutz und Konstruktion.
Isospin breaking in B→K∗γ decays

Abstract A calculation of the leading isospin-breaking contributions to the B→K ∗ γ decay amplitudes based on the QCD factorization approach is presented. They arise at order Λ/mb in the heavy-quark expansion and are due to annihilation contributions from 4-quark operators, the chromo-magnetic dipole operator, and charm penguins. In the Standard Model the decay rate for B 0 → K ∗0 γ is predicted to be about 10–20% larger than that for B − →K ∗− γ . Isospin-breaking effects are a sensitive probe of the penguin sector of the effective weak Hamiltonian. New Physics models in which the hierarchy of B→K ∗ γ decay rates is either flipped or greatly enhanced could be ruled out with more precise data.
The neighborhood story project: a practice model for fostering place attachments, social ties, and collective action

The injustice of gentrification is often reduced to residential displacement and the loss of affordable housing. Yet, in addition to physical displacement of residents, gentrification also displaces community histories, social ties, and spaces of cultural gathering and civic action. The Neighborhood Story Project is a participatory action research intervention designed to engage residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in addressing more than the material effects of gentrification. This multi-case study of three Neighborhood Story Projects finds that participants experienced gains in (1) place knowledge and attachments, (2) social relationships, and (3) self and collective efficacy. Findings from this multi-case study suggest a broad practice model for group-level interventions to advance justice in gentrifying neighborhoods.
Electrochemical properties of IrO2-Ti2O5-Co3O4 coated Ti anode in acid media

Abstract Iridium oxide-tantalum pentoxide (IrO 2 –Ta 2 O 5 ) coated anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition on a tubular titanium substrate with and without cobalt salts containing a precursor. The surface morphology and microstructure of the deposited coatings were investigated by use of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The electrochemical properties of the deposited thin coatings were examined by cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization scan and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The service life cycle of the applied coatings was evaluated under electrolysis at a constant current density of 1 A cm −2 in 1 M sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) solution. The role of cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) in the electrocatalytic activity and stability of IrO 2 –Ta 2 O 5 coating are discussed. A small amount of Co 3 O 4 resulted in improving the life cycle of the IrO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 anode in the 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution due to dense nature coating. Meanwhile, the Co 3 O 4 had no significant contribution to the electrochemical measurements.
Irreversible energy transfer, localization and non-reciprocity in weakly coupled, nonlinear lattices with asymmetry

Abstract A semi-infinite network of two coupled semi-infinite nonlinear lattices is studied, having the capacity for passive irreversible energy transfer (redirection) from an “excited lattice” (forced by an impulse) to an “absorbing lattice” (that is not directly forced). This is achieved by breaking the symmetry through a spatial variation of the grounding stiffnesses of the excited lattice from the second unit cell onwards, and assuming weak coupling. We show analytically that irreversible energy transfer is caused by the macroscopic analogue (in space) of the Landau–Zener tunneling (LZT) effect, which originated in quantum mechanics in the context of linear parametric oscillators (in time). By constructing a reduced-order model (ROM) of two coupled oscillators it is possible to theoretically model the LZT-induced irreversible energy redirection from the excited to the absorbing lattice. A computational study reveals that the LZT effect is realized only in a critical band of energy, while outside this band there occurs energy localization. The lower and upper energy bounds of this critical band are theoretically approximated by constructing appropriate ROMs of the coupled lattices and studying the bifurcations in their dynamics with energy. This analysis sheds physical insight on the different regimes of the acoustics, and theoretical predictions agree well with direct numerical simulations of the full lattice network. Finally, we show that the LZT effect induces strong non-reciprocity in the dynamics of the finite asymmetric lattice network, in the sense that the impulsive response of this network depends crucially on the forcing-measurement locations and energy. The implications and the possible applications of these results are discussed.
Randomized Clinical Trial: Crofelemer Treatment in Women With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Introduction Crofelemer, the active compound purified from latex of Croton lechleri, has been shown to improve HIV and traveler's diarrhea and improve pain in women with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D). This trial evaluated the effect of crofelemer on abdominal pain in women with IBS-D. Methods Women with IBS-D were randomized to crofelemer (125 mg) or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall change in percentage of abdominal pain/discomfort-free days. Post hoc analysis for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monthly responders was performed for stool consistency, abdominal pain, and combined stool consistency and abdominal pain. Results A total of 240 women were enrolled. There was no significant difference in overall percentage of pain/discomfort-free day between the groups. In post hoc analysis, FDA abdominal pain monthly responders were significantly more likely during months 1 through 2 (58.3% vs 45.0%, P = 0.030) as well as during the entire 3 months (54.2% vs 42.5%, P = 0.037) in the crofelemer group when compared with placebo. However, there was no significant difference in the percentage of FDA stool consistency monthly responders or combined stool consistency and pain monthly responders between the groups. Crofelemer had a safety profile similar to placebo. Discussion Crofelemer did not significantly improve abdominal pain over placebo by the primary endpoint. However, it did based on the FDA abdominal pain monthly responder endpoint. This suggests that crofelemer may have a role in the treatment of abdominal pain associated with IBS-D. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of crofelemer as a visceral analgesic.
Financial Toll of Untreated Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among 2017 Births in the United States

Objectives. To estimate the economic burden of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) among 2017 births in the United States.Methods. We developed a mathematical model based on a co...
The use of electrical conductivity to develop temporally precise breakthrough curves in tracer injection experiments

Abstract Tracer injection is a common technique in the studies of chemical transport in streams and channels. One of its limitations is the requirement of frequent sampling for representative tracer breakthrough data. Frequent collection and analysis of water samples are normally expensive and time-consuming. The measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is a potential alternative to sample collection and analyses, because of its ease of data acquisition. But whether the EC value can characterize the injected solute concentration requires further evaluation. This article assesses the ability of EC to predict solute concentrations in tracer injections. Two injection studies were conducted in two separate flumes: an instantaneous injection of phosphorus (P) and bromide (Br) in a 20-m flume and a constant injection of P in a 10-m flume. Water samples were collected intensively at multiple locations and EC was automatically and continuously recorded. Using a linear model, a solute breakthrough was calculated based on recorded EC and compared to the measured solute concentrations. The results showed that the EC-solute relationship can reduce the number of water samples needed for an accurate solute breakthrough. A small sample of paired recorded EC and solute concentrations can be used to build a model for each tracer study. By collecting at least 9 water samples at specific times, i.e., at shoulder, peak, and tail of a breakthrough curve, a simple regression model can efficiently predict P concentrations. The correlation is 80% or greater between predicted and observed concentrations, confirming that EC successfully traced P presence in water and can be used to facilitate tracer injection studies.
Further Improving General Aviation Flight Safety: Analysis of Aircraft Accidents During Takeoff

Data from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reveal that general aviation (GA) accounted for 76% of total air transport related accidents and incidents in the U.S. between 2014 and 2019. The identification of causes is one of the most important tasks in aircraft accident investigation and a critical strategy for proactive aircraft accident prevention. Aircraft and flight crew perform differently in each phase of flight given the changes of aircraft configuration, flight operation environment and flight crew workload, therefore, the causes of aircraft accident may vary by phase of flight. Most accidents occur in the phases of final approach and landing have been investigated by many researchers from various perspectives. Few studies, however, have been published on flight safety for the phase of takeoff, which has the second-highest number of GA aircraft accidents and incidents. A good understanding of the causes of GA aircraft accidents during takeoff is crucial to develop more effective countermeasures for aircraft takeoff risk mitigation and accident prevention. The objective of this study is to understand the causes of GA aircraft takeoff accidents by analyzing aircraft accident investigation reports published by the NTSB. To better understand the causes of GA aircraft takeoff accidents, the following research design has been implemented. First, comparative analysis was applied to depict the statistical features of GA takeoff accidents compared to other air transport categories. Temporal change of GA takeoff accidents was analyzed using a linear-by-linear association test. Secondly, primary accident causes were identified by analyzing the NTSB investigation reports. Text mining techniques were applied to further explore contributing factors associated with the identified causes to enrich discovered knowledge. Finally, logistic regression analysis was applied to explore risk factors for fatal GA aircraft takeoff accidents. Lists of key causal and contributing factors were revealed and discussed from the analytical results. The identification of causal factors, contributing factors and risk factors for GA aircraft takeoff accidents are expected to be a valuable supplement to existing knowledge for aircraft accident prevention.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Binding between Zwitterionic Viologen Guests and the Cucurbit[7]uril Host

The host–guest binding interactions between a series of zwitterionic, symmetric viologens, and the cucurbit[7]uril host were investigated using NMR and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. The nature o...
Pancreatic complications in children with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose of review The pancreas is highly affected in cystic fibrosis, with complications occurring early in childhood. This review highlights recent research in exocrine pancreatic function in the era of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and discusses how these are affecting pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in children. Additionally, new research into exocrine--endocrine interactions sheds light on how CFTR dysfunction in ductal cells may affect beta cells. Recent findings Ivacaftor has disproved the hypothesis that EPI in children with cystic fibrosis is irreversible. Improvements in pancreatic function have increased pancreatitis episodes in some children and reduced them in others. Imaging advances are providing complementary methods for exocrine pancreatic function testing. New research into the interplay between the exocrine and endocrine components of the pancreas are elucidating the intertwined and complex relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Summary Pancreatic complications contribute to the morbidity and mortality of children with cystic fibrosis. Increasing use of highly effective CFTR modulators will not only abrogate these but will also advance our understanding of pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis. New frontiers into pancreatic gene therapy and exocrine--endocrine research will help provide new therapeutic opportunities for pancreatitis, EPI, and diabetes in cystic fibrosis.
Modeling and Visualizing the Codevelopment of Word and Nonword Reading in Children From First Through Fourth Grade: Informing Developmental Trajectories of Children With Dyslexia.

Developmental studies examining relations between word reading (WR) and decoding in typical and dyslexic populations routinely cut the reading distribution to form distinct groups. However, dichotomizing continuous variables to study development is problematic for multiple reasons. Instead, we modeled and visualized the parallel growth of WR and nonword reading (NWR) factor scores longitudinally in a Grade 1-4 developmental sample (N = 588). The results indicate that while WR and NWR growth factors are highly related (r = .71), the relation between WR and NWR trajectories change as a function of initial WR. Results are interpreted within computational models of dyslexia in which children with dyslexia overfit orthography → phonology relations at the level of the word, limiting the development of sublexical representations needed to read nonwords.
Sign Gain to Deaf Gain: Deafness in Early Modern Manual Rhetoric and Modern Shakespeare Performances

Deaf Gain helps to realize what John Bulwer, seventeenth-century manual rhetorician, began to do: it moves Bulwer’s valorizing of signs on the printed page to actual performative moments on the stage via Deaf actors and sign language. Bulwer’s work presciently emphasizes how bodies and words need to be together for authenticity in public and theatrical rhetoric and discourse in contrast to the aural society around him that prioritized the spoken word. Bulwer’s ideas resonate in modern theatre in his focus on movement, body, and expression, which helps open up rhetorical space and possibilities for Deaf Gain in Shakespearean performances. Gesture and eloquence, mind and body: for John Bulwer, rhetorician, these things are intertwined through physical, manual bodily movements, and as such he was ahead of his time in terms of the rhetorical bodily expression which comes to fruition in recent years in sign language theatre. This essay will argue that Bulwer’s work constructs a “bridge” between early modern rhetorical theory and contemporary Deaf theatre, partly via director and professor Peter Novak’s use of his manual rhetoric and other visual/historical images to aid his American Sign Language translation process for Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night.
Behavioral Methods in Community Settings: A Neglected or a Vital Force?

Behavioral community psychology emerged in the 1970s, during a time when many psychologists and mental health professionals were becoming more skeptical of an exclusively person-focused, primarily psychodynamic paradigm. Behavioral approaches brought the advantages of a focus on tangible and quantifiable phenomena and an appreciation of setting influences on actions. Contemporaneously, the emerging field of community psychology also addressed the discontent with psychodynamic, individual-driven theories, providing an emphasis on systems and ecological contexts to understand and promote mental health and social justice. The synthesis of behavioral approaches and community psychology resulted in the creation of the field of behavioral community psychology. The failures and successes of the behavioral community combination may be understood from historical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives.
Evaluation of the Effect of Local Water Chemistry on Trace Metal Accumulation in Puget Sound Shellfish Shows That Concentration Varies With Species, Size, and Location

Global climate change is causing ocean acidification (OA), warming, and decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal areas, which can cause physiological stress and compromise the health of marine organisms. While there is increased focus on how these stressors will affect marine species, there is little known regarding how changes in water chemistry will impact the bioaccumulation of trace metals. This study compared trace metal concentrations in tissue of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) in Puget Sound, Washington, a region that experiences naturally low pH, seasonal hypoxia, and is surrounded by urbanized and industrialized areas. Shellfish were held at three sites (Carr Inlet, Point Wells, and Dabob Bay) where oceanographic data was continuously collected using mooring buoys. Using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure trace metals in the tissue, we found differences in accumulation of trace metals based on species, location, and shellfish size. Our study found differences between sites in both the mean metal concentrations and variability around the mean of those concentrations in bivalves. However, high metal concentrations in bivalves were not associated with high concentrations of metals in seawater. Metal concentrations in shellfish were associated with size: smaller shellfish had higher concentrations of metals. Carr Inlet at 20 m depth had the smallest shellfish and the highest metal concentrations. While we could not eliminate possible confounding factors, we also found higher metal concentrations in shellfish associated with lower pH, lower temperature, and lower dissolved oxygen (conditions seen at Carr Inlet at 20 m and to a lesser extent at Point Wells at 5 m depth). There were also significant differences in accumulation of metals between oysters and mussels, most notably copper and zinc, which were found in higher concentrations in oysters. These findings increase our understanding of spatial differences in trace metal bioaccumulation in shellfish from Puget Sound. Our results can help inform the Puget Sound aquaculture industry how shellfish may be impacted at different sites as climate change progresses and coastal pollution increases.
Repair of aluminum 6061 plate by additive friction stir deposition

The deposition of new alloy to replace a worn or damaged surface layer is a common strategy for repairing or remanufacturing structural components. For high-performance aluminum alloys common in the automotive, aerospace, and defense industries, however, traditional fusion-based deposition methods can lead to solidification cracking, void formation, and loss of strength in the heat-affected zone. Solid-state methods, such as additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), mitigate these challenges by depositing material at temperatures below the melting point. In this work, a solid-state volumetric repair was performed using AFSD of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 to fill grooves machined into the surface of a plate of 6061-T651. The groove-filling process is relevant to replacement of cracked or corroded material after removal by localized grinding. Three groove geometries were evaluated by means of metallographic inspection, tensile testing, and fatigue testing. For the process conditions and groove geometries used in this study, effective mixing of the substrate and deposited alloy were achieved to a depth of 3.1–3.5 mm. Below that depth, the interface between the substrate and AFSD alloy exhibited poor bonding associated with insufficient shear deformation. This suggests a practical limitation of approximately 3 mm for the depth of repair by groove filling using the current combination of process parameters, materials, and tool design. The mechanical properties of the filler alloy, the depth of the heat-affected zone, and areas for further optimization are discussed within the context of precipitation hardened aluminum alloys.
El "evangelio de la avaricia": Peirce y la dirección de empresas

Peirce predicted that the latter half of the twentieth century would see the failure of the economic order. Was Peirce right? The first part of the article is devoted to Peirce's comments on nineteenth century economic thought. The second part presents some of the concepts that nowadays are more in fashion in the business world. The conclusion is reached that management at present is nearer to Peirce's ideas than to the ideas he was opposing.
Normal pregnancy in a patient with a prior postpartum factor VIII inhibitor: with observations on pathogenesis and prognosis

A 22-yr-old primigravada developed a hemorrhagic diathesis 6 days after delivering a normal female infant and was found to have an immunoglobulin inhibitor of factor VIII (15 Bethesda units). The patient was treated with prednisone and the bleeding stopped soon thereafter. Her inhibitor titer decreased over the next 8 mo, at which time no inhibitor was detectable. Nine months later she became pregnant again and proceeded to have an uneventful pregnancy and delivery of a normal female infant without evidence of a recurrence of the inhibitor. Studies of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the patient's lymphocytes in the presence of her own plasma or plasmas from her husband, normals, a von Willebrand patient, and a hemophilic patient yielded equivocal results. Analysis of VIII:CAg using 2 different antisera failed to discern immunologic differences between the VIII:CAg of the patient, her husband, or her first child. A review of the literature revealed that there were no recurrences with second pregnancies in any of the 8 patients with postpartum factor VIII inhibitors whose inhibitors had completely disappeared prior to delivery. While the pathogenesis of this disorder remains uncertain, the apparently favorable prognosis for such patients should be considered in counselling with regard to future pregnancies.
Error Analysis Of An Underdetermined, Spectral Unfold Problem As Applied To An X-ray Absorption Spectrometer

Random error propagation and unfold accuracy have been studied for the spectral unfold method used in the x-ray absorption spectrometer reported by Carlson [1]. This system of 13 measurements and 30 spectral bins (0.01 - 8 MeV) is underdetermined; a trial spectrum prevents unphysical solutions. Accuracy of the unfold was tested with simulated data from known spectra; the unfolds agreed with the known spectra to better than 10%, between 0.05 MeV and near the endpoints. Error propagation was studied by perturbing the input data randomly and unfolding the resulting data sets. In each unfold energy bin the standard deviation was taken as the propagated error. Above 0.05 MeV the unfold roughly doubled the input errors. The trial spectrum affects the unfold accuracy more strongly than the propagated errors.
Collective Bargaining on the Campus

Unionizing of university faculties, with consequent adversary bargaining, is a live trend, with NLRB recently assuming jurisdiction. The Manhattan College case is detailed. Engineering faculty ought not to permit a campus bargaining group to spring into being without full cognizance and voting by every engineering faculty member.
Aboriginal Folk Tales of Taiwan: Animals, Heroes, and Heroic Adventures

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Charles P. Beaupre Year: 2007 Pages: 316 Publisher: The Edwin Mellen Press ISBN: 978-0-7734-5302-9 (hard cover). Prices: $119.65 USD(hard cover).
Interaction Between Colicinogenic Factor V and the Integrated F Factor in an Hfr Strain of Escherichia coli

Kahn, Phyllis L. (Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.), and Donald R. Helinski. Interaction between colicinogenic factor V and the integrated F factor in an Hfr strain of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 90:1276-1282. 1965.-The production of colicin V by strains of Escherichia coli is determined by a colicinogenic factor, colV. The colV factor possesses a genetic determinant of fertility, F(v). V(+)F(v) (+) cells are characteristically susceptible to a male-specific phage, mu, and able to transfer the colV factor and chromosomal markers to recipient cells. The present work describes an interaction of the colV factor with the chromosome of the Hfr strain, HfrH. A colV-containing HfrH strain, designated HfrHV(+)F(v) (+)(l), was isolated and shown to be insensitive to phage mu and impaired in its fertility properties. Loss of the colV factor by this strain, either spontaneous or induced by acridine orange, resulted in a further 10(3)- or 10(4)-fold loss in fertility. This additional loss of fertility was restored by reinfection of these strains with the colV factor. The colV interaction with the HfrH chromosome also can result in defects in the fertility properties of the colV factor. Altered colV factors were found in recombinants isolated from a cross between the HfrHV(+)F(v) (+)(l) strain and F(-) recipients. It is postulated that in the HfrHV(+)F(v) (+)(l) strain an interaction of the colV episome with the integrated F region of the chromosome occurs, with a resulting modification of the fertility properties of the HfrH strain. This interaction can also result in a defect in certain properties of the colV factor.
Chance-constrained real-time volt/var optimization using simulated annealing

Solar is the fastest growing source of renewable electricity in the U.S. The anticipated PV proliferation brings integration challenges on system volt/var performance at the utility scale. One of the greatest challenges is to maintain desirable feeder voltages in utility distribution networks. The intermittent PV generation causes more frequent operation of volt/var control (VVC) devices to alleviate voltage issues. This paper proposes a real-time volt/var optimization (VVO) strategy to control voltage regulators, switched capacitors, and PV inverters for minimizing the active power loss. Chance constrained programming is used to model solar uncertainty. Simulated annealing technique is applied to solve the developed optimization problem. The proposed VVO strategy is tested in the modified IEEE 37-bus system. Simulation results demonstrate that the coordination of VVC devices and reactive power support of PV inverters can help handle solar variability and uncertainty in real-time volt/var operation.
Monitoring production target thickness

Pion and muon production targets at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility consist of rotating graphite wheels. The previous target thickness monitoring procedure scanned the target across a reduced intensity beam to determine beam center. The fractional loss in current across the centered target gave a measure of target thickness. This procedure, however, required interruption of beam delivery to experiments and frequently indicated a different fractional loss than at normal beam currents. The new monitoring procedure compares integrated upstream and downstream toroid current-monitor-readings. The current monitors are read once per minute and the integral of readings are logged once per eight-hour shift. Changes in the upstream to downstream fractional difference provide a nonintrusive continuous measurement of target thickness under normal operational conditions. Target scans are now done only when new targets are installed or when unexplained changes in the current monitor data are observed. >
N-(n-Dec-yl)-4-nitro-aniline.

N-(n-Dec­yl)-4-nitro­aniline, C16H26N2O2, crystallizes with two essentially planar mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The decyl chains are fully extended in an anti conformation. The mol­ecules pack in planar layers, within which mol­ecules are linked into chains by two approximately linear N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the amine N atom and one O atom of the nitro group of an adjacent mol­ecule. These mol­ecular chains propagate via inter­leaving of the decyl chains to form the two dimensional sheets. The sheets are associated exclusively via non-bonded contacts. The structure has features in common with those of other N-alkyl-4-nitro­anilines, but also subtle differences in packing.
The Effects of Strategic Morphological Analysis Instruction on the Vocabulary Performance of Secondary Students with and without Disabilities.

This study tested the effects of teaching high school students with learning disabilities (LD) and other students enrolled in general education classes a morphemic analysis strategy for analyzing a...
A comparison study of chemical sensor array pattern recognition algorithms

Probabilistic neural networks (PNN), learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural networks, back-propagation artificial neural networks (BP-ANN), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA), Mahalanobis linear discriminant analysis (MLDA), and the nearest-neighbor (NN) pattern recognition algorithms are compared for their ability to classify chemical sensor array data. Comparisons are made based on five qualitative criteria (speed, training difficulty, memory requirements, robustness to outliers, and the ability to produce a measure of uncertainty) and one quantitative criterion (classification accuracy). Four sample data sets from our laboratory, involving simulated data and polymer-coated surface acoustic wave chemical sensor array data, are used to estimate classification accuracies for each method. Among the seven algorithms in this study and the four data sets, the neural network based algorithms (LVQ, PNN, and BP-ANN) have the highest classification accuracies. When considering the qualitative criteria, the LVQ and PNN approaches fare well compared to BP-ANN due to their simpler training methods. The PNN is recommended for applications where a confidence measure and fast training are critical, while speed and memory requirements are not. LVQ is suggested for all other applications of chemical sensor array pattern recognition.
Response of wheat seedlings to actual and simulated migratory grasshopper defoliation.

Regrowth of wheat seedlings subjected to equal levels of actual insect defoliation (grasshopper grazing) and simulated insect defoliation (manual clipping) was compared. Severe defoliation by Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) resulted in a significantly lower rate of seedling regrowth as compared to an equal level of manual clipping. Also, plant response to type of defoliation varied significantly with degree of defoliation. These results suggest that defoliation by chewing insects may be more difficult to simulate than is generally acknowledged.
Spatiotemporal variation in the origin of C4 grasses: δ13C analysis of grass pollen from the southeastern United States

Abstract The C4-plant functional type is a major evolutionary and ecological success. However, the relative importance of environmental factors, such as climatic conditions and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, in driving the origin of C4 grasses in different parts of the world remains poorly understood. We determined the carbon-isotope composition of 612 individual grains of grass pollen in seven sediment samples from the southeastern United States from the middle/late Eocene. By applying a Bayesian model to these data, we determined the probability of rejecting (at p
Transport of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba through preferential flowpaths in an unsaturated claypan soil near Centralia, Missouri

Abstract The objectives were to determine how atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine), dicamba (3-6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid) move through claypan soils (fine montmorillonitic, mesic Udollic Ochraqualf Mollic albaqualf, Mexico silty loam) at the Missouri Management System Evaluation Area (MSEA) near Centralia in Boone County, Missouri, and the role of preferential flowpaths in that movement. Twelve intact soil cores (30 cm diameter by 40 cm height), were excavated sequentially, four from each of the following depths: 0–40 cm, 40–80 cm, and 80–120 cm. These cores were used to study preferential flow characteristics using dye staining experiments and to determine hydraulic properties. Six undisturbed experimental field plots, with a 1 m 2 surface area (two sets of three each), were instrumented at the Missouri MSEA on 11 May 1991: 1 m 2 zero-tension pan lysimeters were installed at 1.35 m depths in Plots 1–3 and at 1.05 m depths in Plots 4–6. Additionally, each plot was planted with soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and instrumented with suction lysimeters and tensiometers at 15 cm depth increments. A neutron probe access tube was installed in each plot to determine soil water content at 15 cm intervals. All plots were enclosed with a raised frame (of 8 cm height) to prevent surface runoff, and were allowed to equilibrate for a year before data collection. During this waiting period, all suction and pan lysimeters were purged monthly and were sampled immediately prior to herbicide application in May 1992 to obtain background concentrations. Atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba moved rapidly through the soil, probably owing to the presence of preferential flowpaths. Staining of laboratory cores showed a positive correlation between the per cent area stained by depth and the subsequent breakthrough of Br − in the laboratory and leaching of field-applied herbicides owing to large rainfall events. Suction lysimeter samples in the field showed increases in concentrations of herbicides at depths where laboratory data indicated greater percentages of what appeared to be preferential flowpaths. Concentrations of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba exceeding 0.50, 0.1, and 0.15 μg ml −1 were observed with depth (45–135 cm, 60–125 cm and 60–135 cm) after several months following rainfall events. Preferential flowpaths were a major factor in transport of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba at the site.
Exercise dose response in muscle

Exercise increases peak VO2 partially through muscle adaptations. However, understanding muscle adaptations related to exercise dose is incomplete. This study investigated exercise training dose on capillaries per fiber and capillaries per area; and citrate synthase from vastus lateralis and related both to changes in peak VO2. This randomized trial compared 3 exercise doses: low amount-moderate intensity (n=40), low amount-high intensity (n=47), high amount-high intensity (n=41), and a control group (n=35). Both measures of capillary supply increased in all exercise groups (p<0.05). Low amount-high intensity and high amount-high intensity improved citrate synthase (p<0.05) and the low amount-moderate intensity citrate synthase approached significance (p=0.059). Muscle improvements were only related to improvements in peak VO2 in high amount-high intensity (citrate synthase, r=0.304; capillaries:fiber, r= - 0.318; p<0.05 and capillaries/mm2 r= - 0.310, p<0.05). These data suggest muscle adaptations occur following both low and high exercise doses, but are only related to improved peak VO2 following high amount-high intensity training.
Maternal and fetal prostaglandins during acute fetal acidosis

Abstract Prostaglandins have been detected in high levels in the fetal circulation. These substances are known to cause marked changes in the fetal and uterine circulations. The present study demonstrated an increase in fetal and maternal circulating levels of i prostaglandin F 2α in fetal lambs with acute acidosis. Both levels correlated with the degree of fetal acidosis. No consistent change in levels of i PGE were noted. Prostaglandins may play a role in the pathogenesis of response to fetal stress.
A truncated peptide model of the mutant P61A FIS forms a stable dimer

Abstract Factor for inversion stimulation (FIS) is a 98-residue homodimeric DNA-binding protein involved in several different cellular processes including DNA inversion and the regulation of multiple genes. FIS contains a flexible and functionally important N-terminus followed by four helices (A–D), the last two of which consist of the DNA-binding region. Helix B, which comprises the main dimerization interface has a 20° kink at its center that was originally thought to be caused by the presence of a proline at position 61. However, it was later shown that the kink remained largely intact and that FIS retained its native-like function when the proline was mutated to an alanine. We previously showed that the P61A mutation increased the stability of FIS, but decreased its equilibrium denaturation cooperativity apparently due to preferential stabilization of the B-helix. Here we studied a peptide of P61A FIS, corresponding to residues 26–71 (26–71(A3) FIS), which encompasses the dimer interface (helices A and B). Circular dichroism (CD) and size-exclusion chromatography/multi-angle light scattering showed that the peptide was α-helical and dimeric, respectively, as expected based on the 3D structure of FIS. Urea-induced equilibrium denaturation experiments monitored by far-UV CD revealed a concentration-dependent transition, and data analysis based on a N2 ⇆ 2U model yielded a ΔG of approximately − 10 kcal/mol. Our results suggest that 26–71(A3) FIS can form a stable dimeric structure despite lacking the N- and C-terminus of native FIS.
Current Trends in Adaptive Training With Military Applications: An Introduction

The U.S. military's operational and institutional training requirements continue to increase in scope and complexity; but training resources, including time, manpower, and money, are limited. Many ...
Women and Career Competence: A Theoretical and Experiential Model.

The authors describe an experiential workshop, developed to help women with career difficulties, that emphasizes freedom and responsibility for choice.