cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EmuEdge: A Hybrid Emulator for Reproducible and Realistic Edge Computing Experiments

Numerous recent research efforts have been devoted to edge computing due to its key role in supporting emerging IoT applications. Prior to deploying edge technologies to real- world environments, they need to be adequately tested, tuned and validated. However, to our best knowledge, a testing platform for edge computing that provides both networking and computing realism at low cost is still missing. In this paper, we present EmuEdge, a hybrid emulator based on Linux netns and Xen for full-stack edge computing emulation. Supporting both container and VM, EmuEdge is the first edge computing emulator that takes advantage of both OS level and system level virtualization. Meanwhile, EmuEdge provides interfaces to integrate with both simulators and testbeds. The hybrid design provides on-demand realism on both networking and computing plane while ensuring emulation scalability. Moreover, it supports network replay and can be configured with an easy-to-use configuration tool. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that EmuEdge provides more realistic computation isolation and higher network fidelity than the state-of-the-art solutions.
Characterizing the Mineral Assemblages of Hot Spring Environments and Applications to Mars Orbital Data.

Certain martian hydrated silica deposits have been hypothesized to represent ancient hot spring environments, but many environments can produce hydrated silica on Earth. This study compares the min...
View Planning and Navigation Algorithms for Autonomous Bridge Inspection with UAVs

We study the problem of infrastructure inspection using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in box girder bridge environments. We consider a scenario where the UAV needs to fully inspect box girder bridges and localize along the bridge surface when standard methods like GPS and optical flow are denied. Our method for overcoming the difficulties of box girder bridges consist of creating local navigation routines, a supervisor, and a planner. The local navigation routines use two 2D Lidars for girder and column flight. For switching between local navigation routines we implement a supervisor which dictates when the UAV is able to switch between local navigation routines. Lastly, we implement a planner to calculate the path along that box girder bridge that will minimize the flight time of the UAV. With local navigation routines, a supervisor, and a planner we construct a system that can fully and autonomously inspect box girder bridges when standard methods are unavailable.
Dietary guidelines/RDA/Daily Value workshop.

A recommended dietary allowance (RDA) should be established for total dietary fiber (TDF) in the next edition of the National Academy of Sciences Report on recommended intakes. Sufficient scientific evidence is available to warrant advice on, at least, the upper and lower limits of fiber intake consistent with health. An RDA needs to be established for fiber intake to guide the development of Daily Values, used in the Nutrient Facts on food labels as well as the development of Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Augmenting Safety Planning With Text Messaging Support for Adolescents at Elevated Suicide Risk: Development and Acceptability Study.

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. A critical need exists for developing promising interventions for adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization who are at a high risk of experiencing repeated suicidal behaviors and related crises. The high-risk period following psychiatric hospitalization calls for cost-effective and scalable continuity of care approaches to support adolescents’ transition from inpatient care. Text messages have been used to improve a wide range of behavioral and health outcomes and may hold promise as an accessible continuity of care strategy for youth at risk of suicide. Objective: In this study of 40 adolescents at elevated suicide risk, we report on the iterative development and acceptability of a text-based intervention designed to encourage adaptive coping and safety plan adherence in the high-risk period following psychiatric hospitalization. Methods: Adolescents (aged 13-17 years) who were hospitalized because of last-month suicide attempts or last-week suicidal ideation took part in either study phase 1 (n=25; 19/25, 76% female), wherein message content was developed and revised on the basis of feedback obtained during hospitalization, or study phase 2 (n=15; 11/15, 73% female), wherein text messages informed by phase 1 were further tested and refined based on feedback obtained daily over the course of a month after discharge (n=256 observations) and during an end-of-study phone interview. Results: Quantitative and qualitative feedback across the 2 study phases pointed to the acceptability of text-based support. Messages were seen as having the potential to be helpful with the transition after hospitalization, with adolescents indicating that texts may serve as reminders to use coping strategies, contribute to improvement in mood, and provide them with a sense of encouragement and hope. At the same time, some adolescents expressed concerns that messages may be insufficient for all teens or circumstances. In phase 2, the passage of time did not influence adolescents’ perception of messages in the month after discharge (P=.74); however, there were notable daily level associations between the perception of messages and adolescents’ affect. Specifically, higher within-person (relative to adolescents’ own average) anger was negatively related to liking text messages (P=.005), whereas within-person positive affect was associated with the perception of messages as more helpful (P=.04). Conclusions: Text-based support appears to be an acceptable continuity of care strategy to support adolescents’ transition after hospitalization. The implications of study findings are discussed. Future work is needed to evaluate the impact of text-based interventions on suicide-related outcomes.
Probing lattice vibrations of stabilized CsPbI3 polymorphs via low-frequency Raman spectroscopy

Understanding electron–phonon interactions in metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) is critical for improving their performance in optoelectronic devices. Probing lattice vibrations with conventional spectroscopic methods, however, is challenging due to the sensitivity of MHPs to laser light, humidity, and temperature changes. Here we report low-frequency Raman spectra of the δ and γ phases, as well as mixed ion derivatives, of CsPbI3. These spectra were obtained by combining below-bandgap low-frequency Raman measurements using a 976 nm laser and nanoconfinement of crystals within inert scaffolds to stabilize the MHPs against temperature-induced polymorph transitions and humidity-induced degradation. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the main vibrational modes in the δ- and γ-CsPbI3 Raman spectra correspond to octahedral twisting and distortions. Effects of the A-site cation and halide on these vibrational modes were determined by analyzing low-frequency Raman spectra of CsPbIxBr3−x and MAyCs1−yPbI3. The Raman peak positions primarily depend on the lattice dimensions, regardless of the nature of the cations and anions, with lattice expansions causing a shift of the vibrational modes to lower frequencies.
High-speed visualization of ingested, ejected, adherent, and disintegrated thrombus in contemporary ventricular assist devices

Biocompatibility of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been steadily improving, yet the rate of neurological events remains unacceptably high. Recent speculation for elevated stroke rates centers on ingestion of thrombi originating upstream of the pump, such as in the ventricle or left atrial appendage. These thrombi may be ejected by the VAD or become deposited within the blood flow pathway, presenting serious complications to the patient. This study was performed to visualize and quantify the degree of disruption, adherence, and disintegration of thrombi that are ingested by the three most implanted VADs: the HeartMate II, HeartMate 3, and HVAD. Clot analogs of varying microstructure compositions (red, white) and sizes (0.5, 1, 2 cm3 ) were synthesized in vitro based on clinical explant data. These were introduced individually into an in vitro flow loop with a transparent replica of the HMII, HM3, and HVAD operated at nominal steady flow (2.3-4.0 L/min). High-speed videography (up to 10 000 fps) revealed the ingestion, disruption, ejection, and adherence of thrombus fragments. Thromboemboli of varying compositions and sizes were observed mechanically attaching to components in all 3 VAD models. In some instances, ingested thrombi physically obstructed portions of the blood flow path; 18% (3 of 17 total) of red thrombi adhered to the inflow straightener of the transparent HMII. In the HVAD model, fewer than 4% of clots were adherent or trapped within the pump, irrespective of microstructure or initial volume. In comparison, 100% (4 of 4 total) of 1-cm3 white (fibrin) clots became lodged within the transparent HM3 while, in contrast, less than 5% of macerated red clots (3 of 63 total) of the same volume were adherent inside the pump. A significant proportion of ingested thrombi were macerated into infinitesimal fragments; 84% and 74% of 2-cm3 red thrombi in the HVAD and HM3 models, respectively, were found to have disintegrated upon ingestion. However, large emboli were also discharged from both centrifugal VADs; these fragments, ranging from 0.01 to 0.29 cm3 regardless of microstructure and original volume, may be capable of occluding an intracranial vessel. Therefore, ingested thrombus may explain, in part, elevated stroke rates in contemporary blood pumps in the absence of adherent pump thrombosis.
Who is (Not) Complying with the Social Distancing Directive and Why? Testing a General Framework of Compliance with Multiple Measures of Social Distancing

A study involving over 2000 online participants tested a general framework regarding compliance with a directive in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study featured not only a self-report measure of social distancing but also behavioral measures -- simulations that presented participants with graphical depictions mirroring multiple real-world scenarios and asked them to position themselves in relation to others in the scene. The conceptual framework highlights three essential components of a directive: (1) the source, some entity is advocating for a behavioral change; (2) the surrounding context, the directive is in response to some challenge; and (3) the target, the persons to whom the directive is addressed. Belief systems relevant to each of these three components are predicted, and were found, to relate to compliance with the social distancing directive. The implications of the findings for public service campaigns encouraging people to engage in social distancing are discussed.
Fluorescence Microscopic Investigations of Molecular Dynamics in Self-Assembled Nanostructures

Many analytical methods employ self-assembled nanostructured materials as chemical recognition media. Molecular permeation through these materials exhibits unique selectivity owing to nanoconfinement-induced enhancement of permeant-nanostructure interactions. This Personal Account introduces our efforts to investigate the detailed dynamics of single or a small number of molecules in nanostructured materials. We developed new experimental and analysis approaches built upon laser-based fluorescence microscopy to measure the detailed translational and orientational dynamics of molecules diffusing in horizontally-oriented, cylindrical nanostructures, including surfactant micelles, silica mesopores, block copolymer microdomains, and bolaamphiphile-based organic nanotubes. Our studies clarified nanoscale details on the structural/chemical heterogeneity of the nanostructures, and their impacts on molecular mass transport dynamics.
High $H_0$ Values from CMB E-mode Data: A Clue for Resolving the Hubble Tension?

The E-mode (EE) CMB power spectra measured by Planck, ACTPol, and SPTpol constrain the Hubble constant to be $70.0\pm2.7$, $72.4^{+3.9}_{-4.8}$, and $73.1^{+3.3}_{-3.9}$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ within the standard $\Lambda$CDM model (posterior mean and central 68% interval bounds). These values are higher than the constraints from the Planck temperature (TT) power spectrum, and consistent with the Cepheid-supernova distance ladder measurement $H_0=73.2\pm1.3$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$. If this preference for a higher value was strengthened in a joint analysis it could provide an intriguing hint at the resolution of the Hubble disagreement. We show, however, that combining the Planck, ACTPol, and SPTpol EE likelihoods yields $H_0=68.7\pm1.3$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $2.4\sigma$ lower than the distance ladder measurement. This is due to different degeneracy directions across the full parameter space, particularly involving the baryon density, $\Omega_bh^2$, and scalar tilt, $n_s$, arising from sensitivity to different multipole ranges. We show that the E-mode $\Lambda$CDM constraints are consistent across the different experiments within $1.4\sigma$, and with the Planck TT results at $0.8\sigma$. Combining the Planck, ACTPol, and SPTpol EE data constrains the phenomenological lensing amplitude, $A_L=0.89\pm0.10$, consistent with the expected value of unity.
Cefoxitin versus piperacillin-tazobactam as surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction Although antibiotic prophylaxis is established in reducing postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), the optimal antibiotic for prophylaxis in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) remains unclear. The study objective is to evaluate if administration of piperacillin–tazobactam as antibiotic prophylaxis results in decreased 30-day SSI rate compared with cefoxitin in patients undergoing elective PD. Methods and analysis This study will be a multi-institution, double-arm, non-blinded randomised controlled superiority trial. Adults ≥18 years consented to undergo PD for all indications who present to institutions participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (NSQIP HPB) Collaborative will be included. Data collection will use the NSQIP HPB Collaborative Surgical Clinical Reviewers. Patients will be randomised to either 1–2 g intravenous cefoxitin or 3.375–4.5 g intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam within 60 min of surgical incision. The primary outcome will be 30-day postoperative SSI rate following PD. Secondary outcomes will include 30-day postoperative mortality; specific postoperative complication rate; and unplanned reoperation, length of stay, and hospital readmission. A subset of patients will have bacterial isolates and sensitivities of intraoperative bile cultures and SSIs. Postoperative SSIs and secondary outcomes will be analysed using logistic regression models with the primary predictor as the randomised treatment group. Additional adjustment will be made for preoperative biliary stent presence. Additionally, bacterial cultures and isolates will be summarised by presence of bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivities. Ethics and dissemination This study is approved by the Institutional Review Board at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This trial will evaluate the effect of piperacillin–tazobactam compared with cefoxitin as antibiotic prophylaxis on the hazard of postoperative SSIs. The results will be disseminated regardless of the effect of the intervention on study outcomes. The manuscript describing the effect of the intervention will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal when data collection and analyses are complete. Trial registration number NCT03269994.
Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of both true- and pseudo-resistant hypertension in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes trial: a cohort study.

Resistant hypertension (RH) has been poorly studied due to the difficulty in distinguishing it from nonadherence-the exclusion of which is necessary to accurately diagnose RH. Therefore, little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of true RH. We evaluated 1838 patients from the standard blood pressure (BP) arm of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Trial. We classified patients into three groups: "true RH", "pseudo-RH" (i.e., patients with BP levels that would classify them as RH but who were non-adherent), and "other" (i.e., those who could not be classified as having "true RH" or "pseudo-RH"). We examined predictors of true and pseudo-RH and the relationship between true RH and the composite outcome of nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. Among 1838 participants with complete information, 489 (26.6%) met the definition of true RH, and 94 (16.1%) RH patients had "pseudo-RH" on ≥1 visit over the first 12 months. Predictors of RH included: baseline SBP ≥ 160 mmHg (OR = 8.79; 95% CI: 5.70-13.68) and baseline SBP between 140-159 (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 2.13-4.00) compared to SBP < 140, additional baseline BP medication (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 2.83-4.11), macroalbuminuria (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50-3.67), CKD (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99-2.33), history of stroke (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.04-2.82), and black race (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.02-1.88); the cross-validated C-statistic was 0.80. "True RH" patients had a 65% increased hazard in composite outcome (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.13-2.42). In conclusion, the majority of patients classified as having RH had "true RH," which was more common among those who are black, have macroalbuminuria, CKD, stroke, higher baseline SBP, and are taking more baseline antihypertensives. These patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular and mortality events.
Potassium, contracting myocytes and rapid vasodilatation: peaking more than just our interest?

Following a single brief muscle contraction in humans, skeletal muscle blood flow rapidly increases in a monophasic pattern that reaches a peak response in ∼4–5 seconds. Further, vasodilatation via smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization appears to be an essential determinant for this phenomenon (Hamann et al. 2004). Although the existence of contraction-induced rapid vasodilatation is apparent, a clear explanation of the mechanism(s) underlying this response has been difficult to uncover.
Cell death of lumbosacral motoneurons in chick, quail, and chick-quail chimera embryos: a test of the quantitative matching hypothesis of neuronal cell death

The quantitative matching hypothesis of neuronal cell death was tested for the chick hindlimb by determining the relationship between myotube number at the onset of motoneuron cell death and the number of motoneurons that survive in chicks, quail, and chick-quail chimeras. Hindlimb buds, which differ in size between the 2 species, were exchanged at stages 16 1/2–19, myosin ATPase-stained myotubes in selected thigh muscles were counted during the cell death period (stages 30–34), and lumbosacral motoneurons were counted following the cell death period (stage 38). No quail motoneurons were rescued when quail cords innervated chick limbs. When chick cords innervated quail limbs, the number of surviving motoneurons was significantly decreased but not to quail values. We consider that this occurred because chicks develop more slowly than quail, and we found that transplanted chick limbs were developmentally younger than the contralateral quail limb at the onset of motoneuron cell death and contained fewer myotubes. Similarly, transplanted quail limbs contained more myotubes at the onset of cell death than normal stage 30 quail limbs. An excellent correlation was obtained during normal development of both species between the number of myotube clusters at the onset of cell death and the number of surviving motoneurons. This correlation was also observed for chick-quail chimeras, and when the data points were plotted for control chick, control quail, chick host-quail limb, and quail host- chick limb, the correlation coefficient was 0.996. This strongly suggests that some parameter closely related to myotube number limits the number of motoneurons that will survive. A proposal consistent with our observations is that motoneuron survival is dependent on the uptake of a myotube-derived trophic factor that can only be taken up at synaptic sites and that the number of such sites is limited and directly related to myotube number. In conclusion, our observations strongly support a quantitative-matching component in the process of neuronal cell death. However, since we were unable to rescue any neurons, we cannot exclude the possibility that some proportion of neurons normally dies for reasons other than peripheral competition.
c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 prevents luminal cell commitment in normal mammary glands and tumors by inhibiting p53/Notch1 and breast cancer gene 1 expression.

// Michael A. Cantrell 1, * , Nancy D. Ebelt 1, * , Adam D. Pfefferle 3, 4 , Charles M. Perou 3, 4, 5 , Carla Lynn Van Den Berg 1, 2 1 Institute of Cellular & Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA 2 Division of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 4 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 5 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Carla Lynn Van Den Berg, e-mail: carla.vandenberg@austin.utexas.edu Keywords: breast cancer, JNK2, p53, Notch1, BRCA1 Received: March 13, 2015 Accepted: April 13, 2015 Published: April 25, 2015 ABSTRACT Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with several subtypes carrying unique prognoses. Patients with differentiated luminal tumors experience better outcomes, while effective treatments are unavailable for poorly differentiated tumors, including the basal-like subtype. Mechanisms governing mammary tumor subtype generation could prove critical to developing better treatments. C-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is important in mammary tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Using a variety of mouse models, human breast cancer cell lines and tumor expression data, studies herein support that JNK2 inhibits cell differentiation in normal and cancer-derived mammary cells. JNK2 prevents precocious pubertal mammary development and inhibits Notch-dependent expansion of luminal cell populations. Likewise, JNK2 suppresses luminal populations in a p53-competent Polyoma Middle T-antigen tumor model where jnk2 knockout causes p53-dependent upregulation of Notch1 transcription. In a p53 knockout model, JNK2 restricts luminal populations independently of Notch1, by suppressing Brca1 expression and promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. JNK2 also inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) expression and confers resistance to fulvestrant, an ER inhibitor, while stimulating tumor progression. These data suggest that therapies inhibiting JNK2 in breast cancer may promote tumor differentiation, improve endocrine therapy response, and inhibit metastasis.
Enzymic Studies of Bile Acid Metabolism I. 6β-HYDROXYLATION OF CHENODEOXYCHOLIC AND TAUROCHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACIDS BY MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS OF RAT LIVER

Abstract 6β-Hydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid-24-14C and taurochenodeoxycholic acid-24-14C was demonstrated in vitro by cell-free preparations of rat liver. The enzymic activity, requiring O2 and NADPH, was located in the microsomes prepared in 0.1 m phosphate buffer and could be stimulated by addition of the 105,000 x g supernatant fluid. The microsomal fraction prepared in 0.01 m phosphate buffer had full activity and was not further stimulated by the 105,000 x g supernatant fluid. A clear extract made by suspending this microsomal pellet in 1.0 m phosphate and subsequently centrifuging it at 105,000 x g contained the complete 6β-hydroxylase system. The activity of the 1.0 m phosphate extract was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, Cu++, cytochrome c, and CO. The inhibition by CO could be reversed by light. The presence of cytochrome b5 and the CO-binding pigment, P-450, in the extract was detected by differential spectrophotometry.
Knowledge, Ignorance and True Belief

Suppose that knowledge and ignorance are complements in the sense of being mutually exclusive: for person S and fact p, either S knows that p or is ignorant that p. Understood in this way, ignorance amounts to a lack or absence of knowledge: S is ignorant that p if and only if it is not the case that S knows that p. Let us call the thesis that knowledge and ignorance are opposites the “Complement Thesis”. In this article, I discuss its deployment in an ingenious new argument advanced by Alvin Goldman and Erik Olsson (2009) which, if sound, establishes that there is a kind of knowledge that amounts to nothing more than true belief. I rebut their argument and in doing so delineate some important epistemological lessons brought to light by the contrast between ignorance and knowledge.
From Conflict To Embedment: The Individual-Society Relationship, 1920-1991

Why does the perception of Americans as conformists disappear after 1970 while the idea of a need for community persists? The literatures of social criticism, self-help, and the social scientific analysis of American character reveal a change in the paradigm used to understand individual–society relationships. A model that assumed the inevitability of conflict between the individual and society has been replaced by one that sees individual selves as possible only within society. For this “relational” or “embedded” self, both conformity and alienation are ever present, and community is a matter of personal choice. Hence, conformity ceases to be an issue, and the nature of individual ties to the broader community remains problematic. Some possible causes and implications of this paradigm shift are suggested.
A guide to interpreting soil ingestion studies. I. Development of a model to estimate the soil ingestion detection level of soil ingestion studies

This paper provides a model with which to predict soil ingestion recovery values in soil ingestion studies either retrospectively or prospectively. The predictive equations generated from the model can be used to estimate minimum soil ingestion detection levels from soil ingestion studies which use mass-balance methods. The model is derived from data assessing soil recovery efficiencies in adults using eight different predictive tracer elements. The results constitute a methodology for determining minimum detection levels of soil ingestion and hence have important regulatory significance.
trans‐Stilbene Oxide

trans-Stilbene Oxide product: trans-stilbene oxide Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[3]; cyclization, oxidative cyclization; epoxide formation
Ripley's K Function

Ripley's K function summarizes spatial point process data. It can be used to describe a set of locations, test hypotheses about patterns, and estimate parameters in a spatial point process model. For a stationary point process, K(t) is the expected number of additional points within distance t of a focal point divided by the intensity of the process. A univariate version is used for one set of locations and a multivariate version is used when points can be labeled by a small number of groups. This article reviews the properties of Ripley's K function and two related functions, then illustrates the computation and interpretation using data on the locations of trees in a swamp hardwood forest. Keywords: spatial point process; spatial point pattern; clustering; spatial scale; spatial segregation; edge effect corrections
Arterial Disease of the Lower Extremity

The overwhelming majority of vascular disease of the lower extremities is secondary to atherosclerosis. Depending on the severity of the vascular lesions and the existing collateral circulation, symptoms generally follow a continuum ranging from claudication, to rest pain, to frank gangrene with tissue loss. A primary goal of the vascular surgeon is the preservation of limb function by appropriate timing of vascular reconstruction.
Morphogenesis, Dictyostelium, and the search for shared developmental processes

Abstract In the 1930s John Tyler Bonner began studying the slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, as a way to investigate how organisms develop. With a life cycle that includes periods of unicellularity and multicellularity, Dictyostelium raises questions fundamental to development and evolution. In Morphogenesis: An Essay on Development (1952), Bonner built on his work with Dictyostelium to inform developmental theory and practice. By exploring how Bonner’s early work with Dictyostelium motivated his synthetic approach in Morphogenesis, this paper presents an example of how those who studied development sought ways to gain traction in the rapidly changing life sciences. While a biochemical viewpoint of development became dominant, morphogenesis provided a way to reintroduce and emphasize biological organization at the organismal level. Bonner’s early work offers a window to mid-twentieth century studies of development, an understudied area in the history of science, and shows that it was a time when growing experimental evidence enabled new ways of thinking about the relationship between ontogeny and evolution, and more broadly, about how the parts of nature might fit together.
Direct, accurate and automated determination of hold-up time with flame lonization and thermionic detectors

Accurate determination of gas hold-up time of packed columns can be made by measuring the elution time of air either with a FID or with a themionic N-FID under normal operating conditions. The air elution time obtained is suited to the automated determination of absolute and relative retention data.
Giftedness Can it be Predicted in Infancy

A cohort of 200 children, who were followed from birth and periodically evaluated as part of a longitudinal study of child development, was used to determine the ability of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) to predict children who would be considered intellectually gifted at 7.5 years. The cohort was predominantly white (91%), upper middle class (70% in Hollingshead class 1 or 2), and had preschool educational experiences (94% ).At outcome, 36 children had WISC-R verbal, performance, or full scale IQs greater than 135 and were called gifted. On average, gifted children walked 0.7 months earlier and spoke two-word sentences 2.2 months earlier than the non-gifted group. As a group, gifted children showed statistically significant, but clinically small, advantages for age of walking, age of speaking two-word sentences, BSID, and Stanford Binet IQ.Of the 36 children who later proved to be gifted, only two had BSID IQs > 134. Of the four children who had BSID IQs > 134, two maintained their superi...
One versus Two-Handed Six Degree-of-Freedom Compensatory Tracking in 3D and the Effects of Practice

Three-dimensional displays and input devices are now widely available. While research has investigated 3D input devices for a variety of applications, much research describes custom-made devices. There are also limited guidelines on the use of 3D input devices. A previous study investigating six degree-of-freedom (DOF) compensatory tracking performance found that novice users with little practice performed the task very poorly. This study investigates the effects of practice on performance. Subjects performed a compensatory tracking task using off-the-shelf six-DOF input devices with one device in one hand, or two devices, one in each hand splitting translation (X, Y, Z axis) and rotation (Heading, Pitch, Roll) control between hands. Examining Root Mean Square Error for each axis indicated that the tracking task was difficult to perform. Regression results and slopes indicated there was greater improvement over time for translation movements for the two hand condition, but performance for translation was ...
Oribacterium parvum sp. nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium.

Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1T, ACB7T and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. All strains required yeast extract for growth. Strains ACB1T and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7T grew weakly on sucrose only. The growth temperature range was 30–42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1T were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7T and ACB8 was acetate. Major fatty acids of strain ACB1T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C18 : 1ω7c DMA. Major fatty acids of strain ACB7T were C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 1ω7c DMA. The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3 % between strains. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1T, ACB8 and ACB7T formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium , with 98.1–98.6 % sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus . Predicted DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1T, ACB8, ACB7T and O. sinus F0268 were <70 %. Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1T and ACB8, and strain ACB7T are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium , for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are ACB1T ( = DSM 24637T = HM-481T = ATCC BAA-2638T) and ACB7T ( = DSM 24638T = HM-482T = ATCC BAA-2639T), respectively.
Phosphorus control is critical to mitigating eutrophication

The Midwest floods of 2008 added more than just water to the region's lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. Runoff from farms and towns carries a heavy load of silt, nutrients, and other pollutants. The nutrients trigger blooms of algae, which taint drinking water. Death and decay of the algae depletes oxygen, kills fish and bottom-dwelling animals, and thereby creates “dead zones” in the body of water. The syndrome of excessive nutrients, noxious algae, foul water, and dead zones—which ecologists call eutrophication—is depressingly familiar to those who depend on water from rich agricultural regions.
d-Wave pairing symmetry in cuprate superconductors/-fundamental implications and potential applications

Abstract A combination of conventional and phase-sensitive probes has firmly established the prevalence of d-wave pairing symmetry in the superconducting state of high- T c cuprates. In this paper we first describe the basic ideas behind our tricrystal phase-sensitive pairing symmetry experiments, which we use the half-integer flux quantum effect as a definitive signature for d-wave pairing symmetry. We then argue that d-wave symmetry is universal in the cuprates, including as an example our recent results on the electron-doped high- T c superconductors. We consider the implications of this universal d-wave pairing symmetry for understanding the origin of high-temperature superconductivity, and on potential applications. In particular, we discuss the possibility of using the half-integer flux quantum effect for all d-wave single qubits and qubit arrays.
Increased Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Through Comicronization with Microcrystalline Cellulose

Micronization is a commonly used enabling technology to improve the bioavailability of compounds where absorption is dissolution rate limited. However, decreasing particle size often results in increased Van der Waals' interactions and electrostatic attraction between particles. This causes agglomeration of particles, thereby compromising the increase in surface area gained by micronization. Comicronization with excipients has been reported to offer significant advantages over neat micronization. The present work describes the comicronization of a model compound CI-1040 at a high drug load that shows an increase in the dissolution rate and bioavailability in male Wistar rats. Physicochemical characterization of the comicronized and neat micronized material is presented to help explain the in-vitro and in-vivo data.
A note on estimating a partly linear model under monotonicity constraints

We consider asymptotic properties of the least-squares estimator of a partly linear regression model when the nonparametric component is subject to monotonicity constraints. We show that the least-squares estimator of the finite-dimensional regression coefficient is root-n consistent and asymptotically normal. We also show that the isotonic estimator of the monotone nonparametric function at a fixed point is cube root-n consistent, and apart from a scale constant, has the same limiting distribution in nonparametric monotone density estimation and isotonic regression derived by Prakasa Rao (Sankhya Ser. A 31 (1969) 23) and Brunk (In: M.L. Puri (Ed.), Nonparametric Techniques in Statistical Inference, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970).
vfr, a Novel Locus Affecting Cysteine Protease Production in Streptococcus pyogenes

A gene unique to Streptococcus pyogenes, called vfr, that negatively regulates speB, an important extracellular proteinase, has been identified. Disruption of vfr markedly increased SpeB production in a clinical strain of S. pyogenes and relieved its growth phase dependency. These findings may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of invasive S. pyogenes infections.
Turnout and the Democratic Vote

Although political folk wisdom has long suggested that high turnout works to the advantage of the Democratic Party, this hypothesis has not fared well when subjected to empirical testing. The autho...
Thalassiosira antarctica (Bacillariophyceae): Vegetative and resting stage ultrastructure of an ice-related marine diatom

The ultrastructure of T. antarctica var. antarctica vegetative and resting stages are compared using light and transmission electron microscopy. Resting spores contain noticeably more lipid reserves than do vegetative cells. Numerous mitochondria and generally fewer numbers of other organelles are eliminated from spores into an abortive daughter cell when the spore formation division sequence is terminated. The remaining spore contents are a compact arrangement of organelles with lipid bodies predominating. These two stages are thus ultrastructurally distinct, and differences in their chemical composition can be manifested as cytological modifications.
Pet Therapy: Initiating a Program

This paper provides the outline of a Pet Therapy program on the Long Term unit at the Providence Hospital, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, which was initiated as a pilot program and is now part of regular occupational therapy programming. This paper covers the occupational therapy objectives, setting, procedure and criteria for patient involvement in pet therapy, and detail is given to aid other departments thinking of initiating their own program. The literature review briefly looks at the occupational therapy needs of long term care patients. It also gives an overview of the variety of ways in which pet therapy can be of benefit, especially to the aged.
Robo4 Cooperates with Cxcr4 to Specify Hematopoietic Stem Cell Localization to Bone Marrow Niches

Specific bone marrow (BM) niches are critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function during both normal hematopoiesis and in stem cell transplantation therapy. We demonstrate that the guidance molecule Robo4 functions to specifically anchor HSCs to BM niches. Robo4-deficient HSCs displayed poor localization to BM niches and drastically reduced long-term reconstitution capability while retaining multilineage potential. Cxcr4, a critical regulator of HSC location, is upregulated in Robo4−/− HSCs to compensate for Robo4 loss. Robo4 deletion led to altered HSC mobilization efficiency, revealing that inhibition of both Cxcr4- and Robo4-mediated niche interactions are necessary for efficient HSC mobilization. Surprisingly, we found that WT HSCs express very low levels of Cxcr4 and respond poorly to Cxcr4 manipulation relative to other hematopoietic cells. We conclude that Robo4 cooperates with Cxcr4 to endow HSCs with competitive access to limited stem cell niches, and we propose Robo4 as a therapeutic target in HSC transplantation therapy.
Presidential Rhetoric's Visual Turn: Performance Fragments and the Politics of Illusionism

This essay explores the aesthetic and rhetorical implications of prudent and imprudent presidential performance fragments embodied in photo‐opportunities, thereby addressing presidential rhetoric's “visual turn. “Assembled as a critical rhetoric text, this essay posits that presidential performance fragments privilege the dominant ideology and its power relationships. In addition, this project argues that prudent presidential performances signal a chief executive's consubstantiality with the mythic presidency, centralized authority, and active political leadership. Imprudent photo‐opportunity performances, by contrast, impact negatively a president's image, agenda, credibility, and authority. The essay concludes with a discussion of how political images symbolically affect the citizenry and democratic processes, and advances foundational issues for the critic.
The Use of Knowledge for Technological Innovation Within Diversified Firms

We propose that searching for and transferring knowledge across divisions in a diversified firm can cultivate innovation. Using a sample of 211,636 patents from 1,644 companies during the period 1985–96, we find that the use of interdivisional knowledge positively affects the impact of an invention on subsequent technological developments. Furthermore, the positive effect of the use of interdivisional knowledge on the impact of an invention is stronger than the effect of using knowledge from within divisional boundaries or from outside firm boundaries. Our empirical findings have significant implications for the management of knowledge in diversified firms.
Improving memory after environmental context change: A strategy of “preinstatement”

A change in environmental context between study and test can produce detrimental effects on memory. For instance, when a change in the environment occurs after an event, memory for the event declines. However, the negative effects of context change can be eliminated when participants are provided with contextual cues. Here, we report that, as predicted by the Lehman–Malmberg model (Lehman & Malmberg Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 35(4):970, 2009, Psychological Review, 2012), participants can overcome a change in the environment by recalling the future test environment while studying, a strategy referred to as preinstatement.
Self-consistent large-N expansion for normal-state properties of dilute magnetic alloys.

Finite-temperature properties of the infinite-$U$ Anderson model for rare-earth alloys are calculated within a unified approach. The impurity-electron density of states and magnetic moment spectrum provide a natural framework for describing both static and dynamic properties. The density of states and moment spectrum exhibit low-energy "Kondo resonances" with approximate single-parameter scaling, which persists for impurity valences in the range 1.0-0.7. The position of the resonance in the zero-temperature density of states, ${T}_{0}$, sets the scale for all low-temperature properties. Results are reported for the impurity valence, resistivity, thermopower, thermal conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, photoemission and inverse-photoemission spectra, and neutron scattering linewidth. The effect of spin-orbit interactions is incorporated in the theory. The calculation is a diagrammatic approximation motivated by the simplifying concept of large angular momentum degeneracy ($N$). The approximate solution is thermodynamically consistent and satisfies all pertinent sum rules. Static properties (magnetic susceptibility and specific heat) are in good agreement with exact results of the Bethe ansatz. Experimental results on both dilute and concentrated Ce alloys are described quantitatively with use of a one-parameter (${T}_{0}$) theory.
Choice tests and neighbor effects during fungal brown rot of copper- and non-treated wood

Abstract In previous work, a ‘choice’ test was used to test wood durability in mixtures of wood types. Results demonstrated that a filamentous fungus ( Gloeophyllum trabeum ) made a ‘choice,’ degrading white pine significantly less when less-durable woods were readily available. For this experiment, we substituted white pine with copper-treated pine and used three fungi ( G. trabeum , Serpula himantioides , and Wolfiporia cocos ) representing a range of copper tolerances. Southern pine blocks treated commercially with micronized copper azole or treated in-house using copper ethanolamine were used as treated wood substrates. Trials were soil-block tests, using two-block combinations to include non-treated, non-durable pine or as single-block treatments. After 12 weeks of decay, copper tolerance by S. himantioides and W. cocos was evident while G. trabeum was not copper tolerant. Availability of non-durable pine blocks, however, had no effect on decay in copper-treated wood. This contrasts with our past results using white pine. The reason for the discrepancy may relate to fungal mechanisms of copper tolerance (e.g., constitutive oxalic acid secretion) which may differ from mechanisms to overcome extractives in white pine. More fungal research using choice trials to assess these ‘neighbor effects’ is logical, given increased use of mixed, composite, and hybrid materials.
Design and synthesis of cosalane, a novel anti-HIV agent

Abstract Cosalane, a novel anti-HIV agent having a dichlorodisalicylmethane unit linked to C-3 of cholestane by a three-carbon linker, was synthesized by a convergent route.
Problems of Inpatient Treatment of Addiction

There are many problems encountered in the inpatient treatment of addiction. Because drugs provide emotional and physical comfort, the addict has mixed feelings about cure. There is another complexity of addiction, in that it is often a part of a rather broad antisocial problem. In treating addiction the characterologic problem of delinquency also requires treatment, and both aspects are chronic problems. Fortunately, both have a tendency to be self-limiting in duration. Meanwhile treatment presents frustrations to the professional. The addict is immature, demanding, manipulating, he is often intolerant of personal discomfort and he has difficulty in postponing gratification and' in forming deep human relationships. Where the addict appears in treatment, contraband drugs tend to appear and security measures are required during detoxification and also during the continuing period of treatment. Medical problems include the fact that many addicts have combined addiction; they are dependent upon opiates and a...
Differences in resting energy expenditure in African-American vs Caucasian overweight females

Differences in resting energy expenditure in African-American vs Caucasian overweight females