cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between numbers of the endangered American burying beetle Nicrophorus americanus Olivier (Coleoptera : Silphidae) and available food resources

The American burying beetle Nicrophorus americanus Oliver (Coleoptera: Silphidae), designated in the United States as an endangered species, requires vertebrate carcasses for feeding, breeding and rearing young (optimally 80-200 g for breeding, but beetles readily feed on smaller carcasses). Previous studies at the 29 000 ha Fort Chaffee Military Reservation, Arkansas and the 20000 ha Camp Gruber Training Site, Oklahoma have shown that with habitat defined based on vegetation, the species is a habitat generalist when feeding. Given that the species was not selective relative to habitat type at Fort Chaffee, we investigated whether there was a relationship between numbers of beetles and measures of vertebrate abundance. For beetles, eight baited pitfall traps were set for three nights in 1992 and 1993 along each of the 52 transects where, in previous years, birds and mammals had been censused. Birds were counted using a modified point-count technique (five counts during May-June 1989-1991), and mammals were sampled with 'museum special' snap traps and rat traps (three two-day trapping periods during May-June 1989-1991). In analyzing O-200g mammals trapped and birds counted on the transects, significant correlations were found of the number of American burying beetles caught with biomass of mammals; biomass of mammals plus birds; numbers of species of mammals; and numbers of individual mammals. American burying beeties frequented sites where small vertebrates (particularly mammals) were relatively abundant, irrespective of the predominant habitat at that site. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

We compared conventional capture (primarily mist nets and harp traps) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging techniques for estimating capture and survival probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado. A total of 987 female adult and juvenile bats were captured and marked by subdermal injection of PIT tags during the summers of 2001–2005 at five maternity colonies in buildings. Openings to roosts were equipped with PIT hoop-style readers, and exit and entry of bats were passively monitored on a daily basis throughout the summers of 2002–2005. PIT readers ‘recaptured’ adult and juvenile females more often than conventional capture events at each roost. Estimates of annual capture probabilities for all five colonies were on average twice as high when estimated from PIT reader data ( = 0.93–1.00) than when derived from conventional techniques ( = 0.26–0.66), and as a consequence annual survival estimates were more precisely estimated when using PIT reader encounters. Short-term, daily capture estimates were also higher using PIT readers than conventional captures. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using PIT tags and passive encounters with hoop readers vs. conventional capture techniques for estimating these vital parameters in big brown bats.
Disaster, Litigation, and the Corrosive Community

Disaster researchers have debated the utility of distinguishing "natural" from "technological" catastrophes. We suggest that litigation serves as a source of chronic stress for victims of human-caused disasters involved in court deliberations for damages. Data from the Exxon Valdez oil spill are used to evaluate a social structural model of disaster impacts three and one-half years after the event. Results suggest that the status of litigant and litigation stress serve as prominent sources of perceived community damage and event-related psychological stress. We conclude that litigation is a critical characteristic of technological disasters that precludes timely community recovery and promotes chronic social and psychological impacts. Suggestions for alternatives to litigation are provided. As we enter the twenty-first century, it is increasingly clear that large-scale disasters will be pervasive features of social life. The impact of disasters, according to the 2002 World Disasters Report, has significantly changed since
Does possible world semantics turn all propositions into necessary ones

Abstract A number of philosophical and semantic analyses make essential use of the concept of a possible world. Following tradition, we will refer to this family of analyses as “possible world semantics” (PWS). The present work argues that there is no interpretation of the term “world” that validates even a single one of the doctrines composing PWS. It is argued that, depending on what the word “world” is taken to mean, PWS entails either that all modal terms (words like “necessarily” and “possibly”) are infinitely ambiguous or that all true propositions are necessarily true. It is also argued that David Lewis’ PWS-based analysis of counterfactuals can succeed only relative to decidedly retrograde conceptions of space and time. Most importantly, it is shown that PWS is false even if it finds a way to neutralize the arguments just described. Given certain truisms about spatiotemporal existence, it is a substantive modal question whether the worlds needed to validate PWS are even possible. (As we will see, there is reason to believe that many of those worlds are in the same category as worlds that comprise light but not electromagnetic radiation.) The modal status of these worlds cannot be non-circularly resolved within a PWS-framework, and must be therefore resolved within some other modal framework, showing that PWS is parasitic on some more fundamental understanding of modality.
BMI and Lipid Levels in Mexican American Children Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine potential associations between obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) and lipid values in Mexican American (MA) children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Background: Obesity in children is considered to be an emerging epidemic that is accompanied by an increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Literature shows that there is a direct and strong relationship between abnormal lipid levels and obesity in Caucasian and African American children without type 2 diabetes. However, it was unknown whether Mexican American children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have abnormal lipid levels. Method: A retrospective medical-record review was conducted on paediatric patients who received medical care from a military medical centre in the Southwest region of the United States. A convenience sample of records was used to study the relationship between obesity as measured by BMI and lipid levels in 49 Mexican American children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and BMI were reviewed. Data were analysed using descriptive and logistic regression statistics. Findings: Ninety percent of the sample was obese and 75% had two or more abnormal lipid values. Abnormal levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The main findings indicate that MA children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes had significant associations between obesity as measured by BMI and abnormal total cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels. As the BMI increased, the probability of abnormal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased. Similarly, as the BMI increased, the probability of abnormal HDL values increased. Mexican American children in this study had obesity levels similar to those in a study by the National Center for Health Statistics. In this study a step has been taken toward understanding a physiologic marker for cardiovascular disease in children.
Leading the way to faster new product development

Executive Overview Industrial competitiveness can be evaluated in many ways, but for high-tech firms no measure is more important than that of getting new products into their relevant markets ahead of the competition. Especially for companies with technology-driven products, where technological obsolescence compounds the problems of head-to-head competition, speed-to-market is an essential factor for survival. As the last few years have seen more international competition for many U.S. companies, there have been numerous alarms calling for increased attention to this aspect of corporate competitive behavior. Partly in response to these clarion calls numerous studies in recent years have pointed out the economic and strategic benefits associated with the accelerated product introductions. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have examined the situation in detail, so that previous recommendations have often been limited to highlighting such mainstream concepts as concurrent engineering and cross-functional...
Tang China in Multi‐Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War. By Zhenping Wang (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2013. Pp. xiii, 472. $65.00.)

As China seeks to regain its former status as East Asia's dominant economic and military power, an examination of how it handled such a position in the Tang dynasty [618–907] is of more than purely...
Does Foreign Aid Promote the Expansion of Government

Building on the literature on public finance, I seek to advance our understanding of variations in government size by exploring the impact of official development assistance on fiscal policy. I hypothesize that foreign aid operates in accordance with the “flypaper effect,” systematically generating incentives and opportunities for the expansion of government spending. Results from a time-series cross-sectional regression analysis of growth in government spending over the 1970–99 time period are consistent with the hypothesis. For middle- and lower-income nations, aid represents an important determinant of government expansion. Looking at the tax and revenue side of the equation, however, reveals a more perverse pattern of response: aid promotes not only increased spending but also reduced revenue generation. The results have important implications from both a theoretical and policy perspective. Inter alia they point to the potentially self-defeating nature of efforts to promote market-oriented programs of state retrenchment via development assistance as well as to the importance of incorporating international transfers into future research on government spending.
Marking the Body, Marking the Text: David Greetham's "Archive Fever"

In honor of David Greetham’s retirement as a Distinguished Professor from The Graduate Center, I was pleased to offer a few remarks about his influence on my work and a few anecdotes about the highlights of working with him while completing my doctorate in the English Department at The Graduate Center, CUNY. For the ceremony itself in March 2014, I was excited to receive an invitation to revisit my alma mater, the place where I discovered how glorious it is to do research down the street in either direction with the main research library of the New York Public Library and the Morgan Library flanking either side of The Graduate Center.
Diterpenoid Synthesis in Brown Seaweeds of the Family Dictyotaceae

Brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta), taxonomically placed within the family Dictyotaceae, are common inhabitants of the shallow water and intertidal community, particularly in subtropical and tropical ecosystems. No less than thirteen genera have been assigned to this distinct family (Figure 1), all of which are characterized by their flattened thalli, which emanate from single apical cell division. Despite extreme herbivore activity in most subtropical and tropical areas, seaweeds of the Dictyotaceae are observed in abundance and are apparently avoided by many fishes and Crustacea. Bioassay experiments with extracts from various species in this family have shown that substances toxic to fish1, bacteria2–4, and viruses5 are produced by these algae. Subsequent studies of the natural products chemistry of a few species, particularly those of the genus Dictyopteris, have shown the production of a diverse group of substances including sesquiterpenes6, C11 hydrocarbons and sulphur-containing compounds7, and C21 hydroquinones of mixed biogenesis8. C21 chromanols, also of mixed biogenetic origin, have been reported from the closely related alga Taonia 9 (Figure 2). Presumably these unique substances are involved in providing selective advantage against predation.
Federalism, Full Disclosure, and the National Markets in the Interpretation of Federal Securities Law

Under federal securities law, emphasis on both Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v. Green, principles, disclosure and federalism, is misguided. While the Court rightly attempted to limit the otherwise almost unbounded application of rule 10b-5, emphasis on a 'philosophy of full disclosure' fails to take into consideration crucial differences between provisions that regulate specific transactions and general, catchall provisions like rule 10b-5. The result is an overly limited interpretation of the specific federal regulatory provisions, which can frustrate Congress' purpose in adopting them and fails to limit the reach of the catchall rules. There should be a much more limited role for general principles of 'full disclosure' in the interpretation of both specific regulatory provisions and the rule 10b-5 catchall. The author suggests a general principle of interpretation, called the 'Disclosure principle,' pursuant to which all references to a general philosophy or policy of full disclosure are avoided in interpreting the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether the provision in question regulates a specific transaction or is a general catchall. The Disclosure Principle provides a well-defined and sharply limited role for disclosure as such - that is, independent of a more comprehensive fraudulent scheme - in the interpretation of rule 10b-5. The author also suggests Federalism Principles 4 and 5, based on the distinction between the specific regulatory provisions of the federal securities statutes and the catchall provisions. Appeals to general principles of federalism usually will not be helpful in interpreting the specific regulatory provisions of federal securities law, but that the federal interest in maintaining free and honest national markets can and probably should play an important role in interpreting and applying the catchall provisions.
A Note on the Distribution of β Alanine

SummaryThe diphtheria bacilli growth test for β-alanine has been applied to a number of proteins and animal tissues. Skeletal muscle and liver were shown to be the richest animal sources of β-alanine, and β-alanine was shown to be absent from a number of purified proteins.
Am I Under Arrest? Why the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Need a Strict Definition of What Constitutes an Intervening Arrest

Congress provided for the creation of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines to promote fairness and produce proportional and uniform sentences. The Guidelines provide judges with a guideline range for sentencing based on a defendant’s criminal history score and the offense level of the defendant’s criminal conduct. A defendant’s prior “intervening arrests” are considered in computing her criminal history score. But the current version of the Guidelines does not clearly define what constitutes an intervening arrest for the purposes of calculating an offender’s score. Consequently, a split has developed between circuit courts as to whether a criminal traffic citation constitutes an intervening arrest when determining a defendant’s criminal history score. This Note analyzes the different definitions of an intervening arrest within the circuit courts. It then outlines reasons why the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit’s definition of an intervening arrest should prevail. Finally, this Note proposes that the U.S. Sentencing Commission should revise the Guidelines to provide a clearer explanation of the term intervening arrest in order to resolve disagreement among the circuit courts and achieve greater fairness in sentencing. INTRODUCTION 1308 I. THE U.S. SENTENCING GUIDELINES 1309 A. History of the Guidelines 1309 B. Guideline Range 1311 1. Determining the Offense Level and Criminal History Score 1311 2. Calculating the Guideline Range 1313 3. An Illustration 1313 II. THE CIRCUIT SPLIT 1314 A. The Seventh Circuit: Unites States v. Morgan 1315 B. The Ninth Circuit: United States v. Leal-Felix 1317  J.D. 2015, University of Florida Levin College of Law. B.S. 2012, University of Florida. I would like to acknowledge my Note advisors Katie Carlson and Marc Hernandez for their guidance and patience with me throughout the Note writing process. I would also like to thank Marla Spector Bowman and Megan Testerman for their thoughtful editing suggestions, their support, and, mostly importantly, their friendship. Finally, a special thanks to the staff and student editors of the Florida Law Review for their diligence and hard work. 1 Runyon: Am I Under Arrest? Why the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Need a Stri Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2016 1308 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 67 C. The Middle District of Florida: United States v. Johnson 1322 III. ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING THE NINTH CIRCUIT’S DEFINITION 1325 IV. PROPOSAL 1330 CONCLUSION 1333 APPENDIX 1335
Possible Changes in the U.S. Legal Units Of Voltage and Resistance.

The Consultative Committee on Electricity of the International Committee on Weights and Measures is considering adopting sometime in the future 1) a new value for the Josephson frequency-voltage ratio 2e/h (e is the elementary charge and h is the Planck constant) and 2) a value for the quantized Hall resistance RH≡h/e2. Both values are to be chosen as consistent with their International System of Units (SI) values as possible and would be used by every national standards laboratory which employs the Josephson and quantum Hall effects to define and maintain their national or legal units of voltage and resistance. Based on current knowledge, this would lead to an increase in the U.S. Legal Volt of about nine parts-per-million (ppm) and an increase in the U.S. Legal Ohm of about 1.5 ppm. Comparable changes would be required in the voltage and resistance units of most other national, governmental, and industrial standards laboratories throughout the world. Many high-precision instruments would also have to be readjusted to make them consistent with the new units. It is the purpose of this paper to review in some detail the basis for these proposed and potentially significant changes.
Laboratory culture and biology of Orthellia caesarion with notes on determining larval instars.

A culture of O. caesarion (Meigen) was maintained in the laboratory on a diet of distilled water, cattle manure, malt soup extract, non-fat dry milk, and an artificial preparation for adult house flies. Musca domestica L. The culture was reared at 90±2°F, 50–55% relative humidity, and under constant light. The puparia were held at 72± 2°F in petri dishes containing a moist filter paper. The life cycle averaged 19.1 days—legg 12 hours, larva 4.3 days, pupa 7.3 days, and preoviposition 7 days. After eclosion, first-instar larvae were present in the rearing medium up to 8½ hours. 2nd instar from 2 to 33 and 3rd instar from 15 hours to pupation. The sex ratio was 3 females to 4 males. Each female produced an average of 46.9 puparia. Maximum fecundity, based on puparia recovery, occurred between an average of 8 and 28 days after adult emergence. Characteristics of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the posterior spiracles were used to determine the stage of larval development.
Synthesis and Lithium Ion Conduction of Polysiloxane Single-Ion Conductors Containing Novel Weak-Binding Borates

Three borate monomers: lithium triphenylstyryl borate (B1), a variant with three ethylene oxides between the vinyl and the borate (B2) and a third with perfluorinated phenyl rings (B3) were synthesized and used to prepare polysiloxane ionomers based on cyclic carbonates via hydrosilylation. B1 ion content variations show maximum 25 °C conductivity at 8 mol %, reflecting a trade-off between carrier density and glass transition temperature (Tg) increase. Ethylene oxide spacers (B2) lower Tg, and increase the dielectric constant, both raising conductivity. Perfluorinating the four phenyl rings (B3) lowers the ion association energy, as anticipated by ab initio estimations. This increases conductivity, a direct result of 3 times higher measured carrier density. The ∼9 kJ/mol activation energy of simultaneously conducting ions is less than half that of ionomers with either sulfonate or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions, suggesting that ionomers with weak-binding borate anions may provide a pathway to ...
Comparing Chinese Tone and Vietnamese Tone of the Vietnamese Students

Chinese and Vietnamese belong to tonal language,so they are similar in tonal type.For the influence of positive transfer of mother language,the tone in western style of Vietnamese students is not an evident problem,but the different languages must have negative transfer,making the Vietnamese students are inevitable the universal phenomenon of tonal errors during they learn Mandarin Chinese.Researching these phenomena of errors are favorable to the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
Capacity Analysis on Wind Power Integration into Anhui Power Grid

Many factors attribute to the capacity of wind power integration into grid,among which the most important one is the peak load regulation of the power system.Meanwhile,the peak load regulation has been greatly influenced by the scale,structure of the power system,load impedance,peak performance of the thermal power units,etc.According to the technical problems such as reactive power balance of regional power network,voltage stability,power transmission passage capacity,this paper,based on the design of grid-connected system and the relating fields,proposes responding technical measures.Then from the capacity of peak load regulation of Anhui Power Grid,the paper analyses the integration capacity of Laian Wind Power into Anhui Power Grid.
Recursive partitioning identifies greater than 4 U of packed red blood cells per hour as an improved massive transfusion definition.

BACKGROUNDMassive transfusion (MT) is classically defined as greater than 10 U of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in 24 hours. This fails to capture the most severely injured patients. Extending the previous work of Savage and Rahbar, a rolling hourly rate-based definition of MT may more accurately d
Electrohydraulic Shock Wave Induced Renal Injury

Abstract The pathological effects of focused electrohydraulic shock waves on renal parenchyma were studied using a porcine model. Testing was carried out using the Northgate SD-3 and Dornier HM-3 shock wave lithotripters. Pigs received 3,000, 5,000 or 6,000 shocks at energy levels equivalent to 18 to 20 KV on the Dornier HM-3. The animals were sacrificed one or four weeks post treatment and evaluated for renal injury. Kidneys were serially sectioned and injury volume calculations carried out. The predominant injury pattern was interstitial and perivascular fibrosis with chronic lymphoid infiltration. Dense areas of fibrosis ranged from
Elementary epimorphisms between models of set theory

We show that every $$\varPi _1$$ź1-elementary epimorphism between models of $$\mathrm{ZF}$$ZF is an isomorphism and hence, trivial. On the other hand, nonisomorphic $$\varSigma _1$$Σ1-elementary epimorphisms between models of $$\mathrm{ZF}$$ZF can be constructed, as can fully elementary epimorphisms between models of $$\mathrm{ZFC}^-$$ZFC- (a formulation of ZFC without powerset). We construct examples of such elementary epimorphisms. We also construct an inverse-directed system of elementary epimorphisms between models of $$\mathrm{ZFC}^-$$ZFC- and determine the inverse limit of this system. Elementary epimorphisms were introduced by Rothmaler (J Symb Log 70(2):473---488, 2005). An elementary epimorphism is somewhat like an elementary embedding taken in reverse. To be precise, a surjective homomorphism $$f{: } M \rightarrow N$$f:MźN between two model-theoretic structures is an elementary epimorphism if and only if every formula with parameters satisfied by N is satisfied in M using a preimage of those parameters. Given a class of formulas $$\varGamma $$Γ, a $$\varGamma $$Γ-elementary epimorphism is defined by restricting the above definition to this class of formulas.
A Multicenter Evaluation of Emergency Department Pain Care Across Different Types of Fractures.

Objectives . To identify differences in emergency department (ED) pain-care based on the type of fracture sustained and to examine whether fracture type may influence the more aggressive analgesic use previously demonstrated in older patients. Design . Secondary analysis of retrospective cohort study. Setting . Five EDs (four academic, one community) in the United States. Participants . Patients (1,664) who presented in January, March, July, and October 2009 with a final diagnosis of fracture (774 long bone [LBF], 890 shorter bone [SBF]). Measurements . Primary-predictor was type of fracture (LBF vs. SBF). Pain-care process outcomes included likelihood of analgesic administration, opioid-dose, and time to first analgesic. General estimating equations were used to control for age, gender, race, baseline pain score, triage acuity, comorbidities and ED crowding. Subgroup analyses were conducted to analyze age-based differences in pain care by fracture type. Results . A larger proportion of patients with LBF (30%) were older (>65 years old) compared to SBF (13%). Compared with SBF, patients with LBF were associated with greater likelihood of analgesic-administration (OR = 2.03; 95 CI = 1.58 to 2.62; P < 0.001) and higher opioid-doses (parameter estimate = 0.268; 95 CI = 0.239 to 0.297; P < 0.001). When LBF were examined separately, older-patients had a trend to longer analgesic wait-times (99 [55–163] vs. 76 [35–149] minutes, P = 0.057), but no other differences in process outcomes were found. Conclusion . Long bone fractures were associated with more aggressive pain care than SBF. When fracture types were examined separately, older patients did not appear to receive more aggressive pain care. This difference should be accounted for in further research.
A hybrid systems approach to splay state stabilization of pulse coupled oscillators

This paper deals with the problem of asymptotically stabilizing the splay state configuration of a network of identical pulse coupled oscillators through the design of their phase response function. The network of pulse coupled oscillators is modeled as a hybrid system. The design of the phase response function is performed to achieve asymptotic stability of a set wherein oscillators' phases are evenly distributed on the unit circle. To establish such a result, a novel Lyapunov function is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown in two examples.
Lessons from the Letter: Security flaws in a large organization

I recently received a letter in which a company notified me that they had exposed some of my personal information. While it is now quite common for personal data to be stolen, this letter amazed me because of how well it pointed out two major flaws in the systems of the company that lost the data. I am going to insert three illuminating paragraphs here and then discuss what they actually can teach us.
Psychosocial Variables Contribute to Length of Stay and Discharge Destination After Lumbar Surgery Independent of Demographic and Clinical Variables.

Study design Prospective analysis of resource utilization (RU) after lumbar surgery. Objective To determine contributions of patient psychosocial variables to RU, specifically length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination. Summary of background data Associations between demographic/clinical variables and RU are well-established; less is known about associations between psychosocial variables, such as social support and depressive/anxiety symptoms, and RU. Methods Preoperatively 532 patients provided standard ratings of depressive and anxiety symptoms and amount of social support. Clinical variables included calculation of a composite score reflecting invasiveness of surgery. Two outcomes were considered: LOS ≤ 3 or > 3 days; and discharged home without external services or discharged with external services. Independent variables in multivariable logistic models were demographic/clinical and psychosocial variables. Results Mean age was 56 years, 55% were men, 87% had degenerative conditions, 40% had a positive depression screen, 62% had anxiety greater than population norms, and 77% reported as much social support as wanted. Variables that remained associated with a LOS > 3 days (53%) in multivariable analysis were: older age (OR 1.8, confidence interval, CI, 1.2-2.8); female sex (OR 1.9, CI 1.2-2.9), less social support (OR 1.4, CI 1.1-1.7); obesity (OR 1.8, CI 1.1-2.8), worse functional status (OR 1.0, CI 1.0-1.0), and more invasive surgery (OR 3.0, CI 2.4-3.7). Variables that remained associated with discharged with external services (17%) in multivariable analysis were: older age (OR 3.3, CI 1.9-5.9); less social support (OR 1.3, CI 1.0-1.7); positive depression screen (OR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.4); more anxiety (OR 2.4, CI 1.3-4.2); major comorbidity (OR 1.7, CI 1.0-2.8); and more invasive surgery (OR 1.9, CI 1.5-2.5). Conclusion This study confirms the importance of demographic/clinical variables as predictors of greater RU after lumbar surgery and provides preliminary evidence for the importance of concurrent psychosocial variables, particularly less social support, and worse psychological well-being. Level of evidence 2.
Interprofessional collaborative practice through an adult medicine based simulation

Abstract Background There is limited data on the effect of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) in clinical settings with fully trained, licensed medical professionals. Purpose Practicing nurses, physicians, and pharmacists completed a simulation in a rounding environment and nurses' Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) pre- and post-simulation survey scores were compared. Methods Practicing nurses completed the pre-ISVS survey prior to a simulation centered on an adult medicine patient with pain and functional status issues. During the simulation, nurses completed a patient assessment followed by interprofessional clinical rounds with a physician and pharmacist and a debriefing session followed. Upon completion, nurses immediately completed the post-ISVS survey and pre- and post-survey scores were compared. Discussion Significant differences were noted on 16 of the 24 ISVS items ranging from comfort level debating issues within a team to awareness of roles of other professionals on a team. Conclusion A single IPCP simulation-based experience can positively alter nursing perceptions of interprofessional care and attitudes toward the roles that other disciplines play in the delivery of patient care were heightened.
The Funk-Hecke formula, harmonic polynomials, and derivatives of radial distributions

We give a version of the Funk-Hecke formula that holds with minimal assumptons and apply it to obtain formulas for the distributional derivatives of radial distributions in Rn of the type Yk 􀀀 r j (f (r)) ; where Yk is a harmonic homogeneous polynomial. We show that such derivatives have simpler expressions than those of the form p 􀀀 r (f (r)) for a general polynomial p:
New insights in the mechanics of neutrophils

Publisher Summary Using a realistic continuum model of the neutrophil that includes contributions from the cytoskeleton, the cytosol, and the membrane, scientists have recently been able to successfully model several experimental datasets. Beyond fitting parameters such as viscosity or surface tension, these simulations have allowed us to develop new insights into the mechanical properties of the neutrophil. The tension of the membrane cortex of the neutrophil turns out to be exquisitely adapted to its packaging purpose. The mechanism responsible for cellular protrusion, while remaining mysterious, can be constrained in interesting thermodynamic ways. The neutrophil is usually the most abundant of the circulating white blood cells and it is the foot-soldier of the immune system. Neutrophils are capable of transforming themselves into ferocious fighters adhering and crawling on tissues, extending protrusions, and eating small particles in their war against microbes. Furthermore, neutrophils carry a lethal payload of toxic granules that can be discharged to blast friend and foe alike in scorched earth tactics against pathogens.
Additional Solutions for Three-Dimensional Signal Structures

With probability of error as the criterion, when D = 3 the signal-design problem has been solved for M = 2 through M = 6. For M > 6, however, the solution is still open with the exceptions M = 8 and M = 12. We can arrive at some insight into these solutions by examining the somewhat easier criterion of maximizing the minimum distance between the signal vectors (constrained to the unit sphere). Unfortunately, this is also a very difficult problem with few solutions. Solutions that have been found, other than those for which M ≤ 6, are for the cases M = 7, 8, 9, 12, and 24.
Heat Flow Limitations in Rapid Solidification Processing

The term Rapid Solidification Processing, RSP, is equally applicable to the formation of both crystalline and non-crystalline solid phases by quenching of a material from an initial liquid state. During RSP cooling rate in the liquid prior to solidification affects nucleation (undercooling) and growth phenomena in important ways — it influences undercooling in crystalline solidification and is an overriding factor in the formation of non-crystalline structures. On the other hand, the fineness of a crystalline microstructure (e.g. segregate spacing, size of second phase particles, etc.) can usually be correlated to average cooling rate during solidification or time available for coarsening. Thus, a clear distinction must be made between cooling rates in the liquid (or during noncrystalline solidification) and during crystalline solidification; the latter is significantly lower at equivalent rates of external heat extraction due to the heat of fusion.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases conundrums

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinicians and researchers have only recently recognized the disease heterogeneity and systemic consequences from tobacco smoking in aging COPD patients. Diagnosis and management of COPD and its acute exacerbations that begin to occur regularly after FEV1 has declined to less than 40–60% of predicted is a conundrum encountered frequently in clinical practice. Perhaps the most important challenge is the need to diagnose COPD in earlier stages, beginning in the fifth decade of life, at least a decade before the ­familiar albeit terminal phenotypes of chronic bronchitis (“blue bloater”) and emphysema (“pink puffer”) emerge. Persisting poor exercise tolerance despite the use of bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids should alert the clinician to the presence of co-morbidities associated with COPD, especially those that resemble acute exacerbation. COPD can often present as conundrums, singularly or severally in a patient. Thus enhancing the knowledge, skills and professional performance of an integrated COPD health care team to provide comprehensive COPD management may improve patient outcomes via early treatment and/or prevention of ­serious complications secondary to COPD.
Dimensionality Effects in trans-(CH) x

In a conference proceedings devoted to “interacting electrons in reduced dimensions” it might at first seem inappropriate to discuss a calculation of the full three-dimensional (3-D) structure of trans-polyacetylene [trans-(CH) x ]. This impression is only strengthened by the very extensive literature on one-dimensional (1-D) models of trans-(CH) x , much of it focusing on the seemingly more relevant—at least in the present context—issue of the relative importance of electron-electron (e-e) versus electron-phonon (e-p) interactions [for reviews, see1–6]. Nonetheless, as we hope will become apparent, the (often fairly small) interchain couplings that are present in the real solid state materials can alter profoundly expectations based on strictly 1-D models. For trans-(CH) x this is particularly the case. Thus, if nothing else, our contribution serves as a reminder that the issue of dimensionality can in fact be absolutely crucial in determining the properties of even highly anisotropic, “low”-dimensional materials, independent of which interactions appear to be dominant. To begin our discussion, we start from an analysis of the ground state of crystalline trans-(CH) x .
Using Analytics to Support Instructor Reflection on Student Participation in a Discourse-Focused Undergraduate Mathematics Classroom

This paper describes a method for using instructional analytics to support changes in teaching practice. The study took place in a discourse-focused undergraduate mathematics classroom taught by an experienced instructor. Using the classroom observation tool EQUIP and social network surveys, we generated quantitative data on patterns of student participation in this classroom that were presented to the instructor at the end of the semester. Our analysis focuses on how the instructor made sense of these analytics and ultimately changed his teaching practices in a future semester. This paper provides insight into how three data sources can be triangulated—classroom participation, student experiences, and teacher perspective—to better understand discourse-based participation in undergraduate mathematics. We also discuss the implications of using this methodology for faculty professional development.
A Traumatic Pulseless Electrical Activity Model: Mortality Increases With Hypovolemia Time.

Abstract Background There currently are no well-defined animal models for traumatic pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Our objective was to develop a swine model of traumatic PEA that would be useful for laboratory research where mortality is an outcome of interest. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that animals that remained in PEA without intervention for a longer period would have increased mortality. Materials and methods Sixteen Yorkshire swine were alternately allocated to either 5 or 10 min of traumatic PEA without intervention. After the nonintervention period, basic life support (BLS) with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated and performed for 10 min followed by advanced life support (ALS) for an additional 10 min. Hemodynamic and laboratory values are reported for baseline, posthemorrhage, end of BLS, and end of ALS periods. Results Mortality in the 10-min PEA group (100%) was higher than the 5-min group (38%) (P = 0.03). Animals in the 5-min group had improved aortic diastolic blood pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and end-tidal CO2 at the end of both the BLS (P = 0.02, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively) and ALS (P = 0.009, 0.005, and 0.008, respectively). The 10-min animals had increased hyperkalemia at the end of the BLS (P = 0.004) and ALS (P = 0.005) periods. All animals in the 10-min group developed ventricular fibrillation (VF) and 38% of the 5-min animals developed VF (P = 0.03). Conclusions In our pilot study of traumatic PEA in a swine model, a shorter period of nonintervention resulted in increased survival, improved hemodynamics during resuscitation, decreased hyperkalemia, and less incidence of conversion to VF arrest.
About Some Relatives of Palindromes

We introduce two new classes of integers. The first class consists of numbers $N$ for which there exists at least one nonnegative integer $A$, such that the sum of $A$ and the sum of digits of $N$, added to the reversal of the sum, gives $N$. The second class consists of numbers $N$ for which there exists at least one nonnegative integer $A$, such that the sum of $A$ and the sum of the digits of $N$, multiplied by the reversal of the sum, gives $N$. All palindromes that either have an even number of digits or an odd number of digits and the middle digit even belong to the first class, and all squares of palindromes with at least two digits belong to the second class. These classes contain and are strictly larger than the classes of $b$-ARH numbers, respectively $b$-MRH numbers introduced in Ni\c tic\u a \cite{N1}.
Multi-process production scheduling with variable renewable integration and demand response

Abstract Integrating renewable energy sources to power manufacturing facilities is one approach to achieve low carbon economy. The contribution of this paper is to propose a way to facilitate and assess renewable sources’ integration into manufacturing systems, by exploring an optimization model that obtains a production schedule adapted to match the onsite renewable energy supply, with energy storage systems and the power grid as backups. A multi-process production scheme as well as demand side management policies such as Time-and-Level-of-Use and power consumption reduction requests are considered. To capture renewable uncertainties, a two-stage robust optimization model is formulated to optimize the production scheduling under the worst-case scenario of renewable generation. A nested Column-and-Constraint Generation algorithm is applied to solve this formulation. Numerical experiments are performed on a benchmark case, and sensitivity analysis is conducted by modifying renewable integration, uncertainty, data granularity, scheduling horizon, switch of on-peak prices hours, and zero-inventory policy. Obtained results validate the proposed model and algorithm.
Classification methods for point clouds in rock slope monitoring: A novel machine learning approach and comparative analysis

Abstract High-resolution remote monitoring of slopes using terrestrial LiDAR and photogrammetry is a valuable tool for the management of civil and mining geotechnical asset hazards, but accurately classifying regions of interest in the data is sometimes a difficult and time-consuming task. Filtering unwanted areas of a point cloud, such as vegetation and talus, is often a necessary step before rockfall change detection results can be further processed into actionable information. In addition, long-term monitoring through seasonal vegetation changes and snow presents unique challenges to the goal of accurate classification in an automated workflow. This study presents a Random Forest machine learning approach to improve the classification accuracy and efficiency of terrestrial LiDAR monitoring of complex natural slopes. The algorithm classifies points as vegetation, talus, snow, and bedrock using multi-scale neighborhood geometry, slope, change, and intensity features. The classifier was trained on two manually labeled scans from summer and winter, then tested on three other unseen times. We find that F Score generally remains above 0.9 for talus and vegetation, and above 0.95 for bedrock and snow, indicating very high accuracy and an ability to adapt to changing seasonal conditions. In comparing this approach to CANUPO, an existing classification tool, we find our approach to be generally more accurate and flexible, at the expense of increased complexity and computation time. Comparisons with manual masking and a hybrid approach indicate that a machine learning solution is useful primarily in cases of rapidly changing rock slopes or in climates with significant seasonal variability and snow.
Long term effects of stress on hippocampal function: Emphasis on early life stress paradigms and potential involvement of neuropeptide Y

The brain is both central in orchestrating the response to stress, and, a very sensitive target when such response is not controlled. In fact, stress has long been associated with the onset and/or exacerbation of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in the response to stress, not only due to its anatomical connections with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis but also as a major target of stress mediators. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)-CA3 circuit, composed of DG granule cells axons (mossy fibers) synapsing onto CA3 pyramidal cells, plays an essential role in memory encoding and retrieval, functions that are vulnerable to stress. Although naturally excitatory, this circuit is under the inhibitory control of GABAergic interneurons that maintain the excitation/inhibition balance. One subgroup of such interneurons produces neuropeptide Y (NPY), which has emerged as a promising endogenous stress "resilience molecule" due to its anxiolytic and anti-epileptic properties. Here we examine existing evidence that reveals a potential role for hilar NPY+ interneurons in mediating stress-induced changes in hippocampal function. We will focus specifically on rodent models of early life stress (ELS), defined as adverse conditions during the early postnatal period that can have profound consequences for neurodevelopment. Collectively, these findings suggest that the long-lasting effects of ELS might stem from the loss of GABAergic NPY+ cells, which then can lead to reduced inhibition in the DG-CA3 pathway. Such change might then lead to hyperexcitability and concomitant hippocampal-dependent behavioral deficits.
FORENSICS IN GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY FELLOWSHIP: EVOLUTION AND PRACTICE VALUE

Abstract There are over 50 million adults aged 65 or older in the United States, representing 15% of the U.S. population (United States Census Bureau, 2018). There are too few geriatric psychiatrists to serve this population. Annually, small numbers of psychiatrists are choosing to pursue careers in Geriatric Psychiatry, with fewer than 60 individuals completing subspecialty training in Geriatric Psychiatry each year (ACGME, 2019). To meet the needs of this diverse population, clinical training in Geriatric Psychiatry must be comprehensive and evolve to ensure trainees graduate with requisite practical competence in areas within their purview. Medicolegal issues arise in the routine care of older individuals across different settings and situations, necessitating a firm understanding, knowledge and assessment skill of relevant medical, psychosocial and cognitive factors that may have legal importance. The teaching of forensic aspects of Geriatric Psychiatry varies across fellowship programs and Forensic Psychiatry fellowships often do not have an elder law component or explicit curriculum addressing the forensic needs of the older adult. Thus, Geriatric Psychiatry fellowship training is the ideal place to educate the future cohort of geriatric psychiatrists serving the older population in forensic matters. UCLA has developed an interdisciplinary curriculum involving integrative encounters combining the education of Geriatric Psychiatry fellows and law students and ending with the practical experience of a mock trial. Participants of this symposium will gain knowledge necessary to develop an integrative educational curriculum for Geriatric Psychiatry fellows that results in procurement of skills to serve as an expert witness, to write expert reports and to testify for probate or conservatorship hearings.
Outpatient health care utilization for sleep disorders in the Cerner Health Facts database

Study Objectives:Sleep disorders are common in the general population. This study aimed to identify direct health care utilization for sleep disorders using big data through the Cerner Health Facts...
Coaching in Context: Exploring Conditions that Shape Instructional Coaching Practice:

Background/ContextThe literature shows that one constant in coaching is the high degree of variation in coach roles and contexts, suggesting that understanding coaching practice requires that we al...
Prevalence of Complications Following Unifocalization and Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction Procedures

Background:Unifocalization and pulmonary artery reconstructions have been developed to treat complex disorders of pulmonary artery development. These procedures require extremely long periods of ca...