cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B52: Annexin A6 promotes cellular attachment and invasiveness of breast cancer cells

Annexin A6 (ANXA6) is a member of a family of Ca2+‐dependent phospholipid‐binding proteins capable of associating with negatively charged membranes in its Ca2+‐bound state. Although the functions of this protein are yet to be clearly defined, various physiological roles have been proposed, including a role in the regulation of cell growth and tumorigenesis. We previously showed that ANXA2, ANXA4 and ANXA6 are receptors of the serum factor fetuin‐A on the surface of breast carcinoma cells. To determine which of these annexins is the bona fide cell surface receptor for fetuin‐A, we have now examined the surface expression of ANXA2 and ANXA6 in the fetuin‐A expressing hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and in the invasive breast carcinoma cell line BT549. By glycerol gradient centrifugation of the post nuclear supernatants of HepG2 cells briefly cultivated at high extracellular Ca2+, we show that while ANXA2 predominantly associated with heavy membranes corresponding to the endogenous fetuin‐A profile, the total membrane‐associated ANXA6 on the contrary, diminished. Analysis of the EGTA‐solubilized surface‐associated proteins from HepG2 and BT549 cells revealed that ANXA6 is predominantly associated with the cell surface suggesting that it is externalized. Further analysis of the secreted proteins by differential velocity centrifugation and in particular the nanovesicle‐associated (exosomal) secreted proteins confirmed that while secreted ANXA2 was barely detectable, ANXA6 was abundantly secreted via the exosomal pathway. From these data we hypothesized that the surface associated ANXA6 may be the major fetuin‐A receptor on the surface of the invasive BT549 breast cancer cells and that it may be important in the growth, attachment and migration of these tumor cells. Using ANXA6 targeted shRNA we show that down regulation of ANXA6 inhibited the attachment of these cells to collagen Type I, Collagen Type IV and to the serum factor fetuin‐A but attachment to and spreading on fibronectin was not affected. Based on the detection of vinculin and focal adhesion kinase, we demonstrate the complete absence of adhesion plaques in the ANXA6‐depleted cells compared to the parental BT549 cells. This supports our observation that the ANXA6‐depleted BT549 cells lost their ability to spread and hence are predominantly spindle‐shaped; Moreover, the ANXA6‐depleted BT549 cells proliferate faster than the parental cells; they grow in three‐dimensional cultures as spheroid colonies resembling the ANXA6‐negative MCF‐10A acini rather than as stellate colonies produced by the parental cells. Finally, ANXA6 depletion in BT549 cells inhibited their migration and in vitro invasion of matrigel. Together our data demonstrate that ANXA6 expression in this metastatic breast cancer cells correlates with the invasive phenotype and that its association with the surface of these breast cancer cells modulates at least in part, attachment of these cells to the ECM and their overall morphology. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B52.
The dangers of quick launch

A policy of launching on warning or under attack is superficially appealing, since it would seem to cut an adversary's incentive to attack first. But “quick launch” may not work, and it could lead to accidental war.
Chemosterilant Effects of Tepa, Apholate, and Metepa on the Alfalfa Weevil

Field-collected male Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) were sterilized by immersion in aqueous solutions from 0.5 to 2% of tepa, apholate, and metepa. Tepa at 0.5% most effectively sterilized both sexes. Egg viability was reduced to less than 10% for 26 days by confining untreated females with males immersed in 0.125% tepa. Maximum male sterility occurred approximately 9–12 days after immersion in 0.5–0.125% tepa; fertility was gradually regained. Duration of the sterility effect in males appeared related to dosage. Metepa and apholate immersion of males significantly reduced egg hatch, but were not so effective as tepa. Immersion of females in tepa and apholate resulted in cessation of egg production, but metepa was much less effective in reducing egg viability or production. Toxic effects of immersion treatment to males and females were not great and tepa-immersed males (0.5%) were competitive with normal males for mates. Residues of tepa and metepa on alfalfa foliage fed to males significantly reduced egg viability. Longevity of tepa-fed males was significantly reduced.
Research of Peaking Simulation on Nuclear Generating Units Based on Regulating Rod

1 200 MW PWR nuclear power unit is taken as subject for investigation to study control system model of rod cluster for power compensation and build model for rod position control system of power rod.By combining operating characteristic of the control system and experimental formula,MATLAB simulation is adopted on functions of each module,and thus variation curve of rod speed and position errors is obtained.It is concluded from the curve that rod regulating enables output power to achieve the set value;power change during the regulation is stable,error displacement of power peak is acceptable and the control is satisfying.Additionally,the scope of application of the method is discussed.
Global Comparisons of Regional Life Cycle Properties and Motion of Multiday Convective Systems: Tropical and Midlatitude Land and Ocean

AbstractTracking of convective cloud systems (cloud-top temperature <245 K) in geosynchronous satellite images at 3-h intervals is used to determine life cycle statistics of convective systems in four regimes: tropical land and ocean and midlatitude land and ocean, including seasonal comparisons. The ISCCP tracking dataset covers the period 1984–2006. Only systems with lifetimes greater than or equal to 1 day that were moving predominantly eastward or westward are considered, with splits and merges combined into larger extended convective systems. The life cycle variables are lifetime (duration), maximum area, and minimum cloud-top temperature. These are compared to each other and to the speed of longitudinal motion. Distributions and relationships between the life cycle variables are similar to previous studies based on single-day lifetimes, but the current study is globally extensive (all longitudes at lower and middle latitudes) and multidecadal, which allows extension of such results to rarer, larger,...
HIV in Japan: Epidemiologic puzzles and ethnographic explanations

Japan is widely perceived to have a low level of HIV occurrence; however, its HIV epidemics also have been the subject of considerable misunderstanding globally. I used a ground truthing conceptual framework to meet two aims: first, to determine how accurately official surveillance data represented Japan's two largest epidemics (urban Kansai and Tokyo) as understood and experienced on the ground; and second, to identify explanations for why the HIV epidemics were unfolding as officially reported. I used primarily ethnographic methods while drawing upon epidemiology, and compared government surveillance data to observations at community and institutional sites (459 pages of field notes; 175 persons observed), qualitative interviews with stakeholders in local HIV epidemics (n = 32), and document research (n = 116). This revealed seven epidemiologic puzzles involving officially reported trends and conspicuously missing information. Ethnographically grounded explanations are presented for each. These included factors driving the epidemics, which ranged from waning government and public attention to HIV, to gaps in sex education and disruptive leadership changes in public institutions approximately every two years. Factors constraining the epidemics also contributed to explanations. These ranged from subsidized medical treatment for most people living with HIV, to strong partnerships between government and a well-developed, non-governmental sector of HIV interventionists, and protective norms and built environments in the sex industry. Local and regional HIV epidemics were experienced and understood as worse than government reports indicated, and ground-level data often contradicted official knowledge. Results thus call into question epidemiologic trends, including recent stabilization of the national epidemic, and suggest the need for revisions to the surveillance system and strategies that address factors driving and constraining the epidemics. Based upon its utility in the current study, ground truthing has value as a conceptual framework for research and shows promise for future theoretical development.
Association of noninvasive quantitative decline in liver fat content on MRI with histologic response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Background:Magnetic resonance imaging-estimated proton-density-fat-fraction (MRI-PDFF) has been shown to be a noninvasive, accurate and reproducible imaging-based biomarker for assessing steatosis ...
Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings.

Introduction : Sex workers are disproportionately infected with HIV worldwide. Significant focus has been placed on understanding the structural determinants of HIV and designing related interventions. Although there is growing international evidence that policing is an important structural HIV determinant among sex workers, the evidence has not been systematically reviewed. Methods : We conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies to examine the effects of policing on HIV and STI infection and HIV-related outcomes (condom use; syringe use; number of clients; HIV/STI testing and access) among cis and trans women sex workers. Databases included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, Popline, Global Health (OVID), Web of Science, IBSS, IndMed and WHOLIS. We searched for studies that included police practices as an exposure for HIV or STI infection or HIV-related outcomes. Results : Of the 137 peer-reviewed articles identified for full text review, 14 were included, representing sex workers’ experiences with police across five settings. Arrest was the most commonly explored measure with between 6 and 45% of sex workers reporting having ever been arrested. Sexual coercion was observed between 3 and 37% of the time and police extortion between 12 and 28% across studies. Half the studies used a single measure to capture police behaviours. Studies predominantly focused on “extra-legal policing practices,” with insufficient attention to the role of “legal enforcement activities”. All studies found an association between police behaviours and HIV or STI infection, or a related risk behaviour. Conclusions : The review points to a small body of evidence that confirms policing practices as an important structural HIV determinant for sex workers, but studies lack generalizability with respect to identifying those police behaviours most relevant to women’s HIV risk environment. Keywords: systematic review; HIV; police; sex work; arrest; STI; measurement. To access the supplementary material to this article please see Supplementary Files in the column to the right (under Article Tools). (Published: 18 July 2016) Citation: Footer KHA et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19(Suppl 3) :20883 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/20883 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.4.20883
Lamb wave dispersion in gallium nitride micromechanical resonators

In this paper, we explore the phase velocity dispersion of Lamb wave in gallium nitride (GaN) thin film. For this study, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) GaN micromechanical resonators with various electrode pitch distances are designed as test vehicles. Fabricated by a process compatible with commercial monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology, our GaN resonators demonstrate promising performance (e.g. high quality factor of 1200 at 1GHz) and can be monolithically integrated with active (i.e. HEMTs) devices in an all-GaN platform. The zero-order symmetric (S0) and antisymmetric (A0) Lamb wave modes are observed in our measurements. The experimentally extracted phase velocity dispersion relations of GaN for both S0 and A0 modes are in good agreement with the theoretical data. Out results indicate that S0 mode is a better choice than A0 mode for high frequency GaN Lamb wave resonators because of its high phase velocity and low dispersion characteristics.
Workload balancing: staffing ratio analysis for primary care redesign

The objective of this paper is to investigate the staffing composition of chief care providers (e.g., physician (MD)) and support staff (e.g., medical assistant (MA)) under various task assignment settings to achieve the optimal operational efficiency. Specifically, we examine the effects of workload shifting and identify the proper ratio of MDs to MAs to attain an effective and efficient service level. Based on a Markov chain based framework that characterizes care providers’ activities during patients’ primary care clinic visits, analytical investigation and numerical experiments are conducted. The results articulate that the optimal staffing ratio is achieved when the workloads of MDs and MAs are balanced. To validate the findings under generic primary care clinic settings, discrete event simulation models are developed and extensive experiments are carried out. The sensitivity study elucidates that the balanced-workload optimality is not affected by system variations in patient volume, as well as arrival and service time distributions.
Evaluating Periodontal Treatment to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Challenges and Possible Solutions

Periodontal disease is correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in observational studies, but a causal connection has not been established. The empirical evidence linking periodontal disease and CVD consists of a large body of observational and mechanistic studies, but a limited number of clinical trials evaluating the effects of periodontal treatment on surrogate CVD endpoints. No randomized controlled trial has been conducted to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on CVD risk. In this review, we have summarized these data, described possible biological mechanisms linking periodontal disease and CVD, discussed barriers to conducting a randomized controlled trial to evaluate this hypothesis, and provided an alternative analytical approach using causal inference methods to answer the question. The public health implications of addressing this question can be significant because periodontal disease is under-treated, and highly prevalent among adults at risk of CVD. Even a small beneficial effect of periodontal treatment on CVD risk can be important.
Hidden Heritage: Underlying Ideologies at Three Welsh Heritage Sites

Heritage sites are powerful venues for disseminating and perpetuating local ideologies regarding the contemporary political and economic climate of a nation as well as ideas concerning the best way to move the local area into the future. Such is the case with slate industrial heritage sites in North Wales. By exploring site presentations in addition to interpretations by site staff at each location, I claim that heritage sites in North Wales implicitly represent three variations of the most prominent ideologies in the local area. The underlying narratives at Penrhyn Castle, funded by a British heritage institution, symbolically maintain historical class divisions and speak to the maintenance of Wales under the British government. The National Slate Museum, a site funded by the Welsh National Assembly's heritage committee, represents complete independence from the United Kingdom linguistically, culturally, economically, and politically. Llechwedd Slate Caverns, a privately owned and independently funded si...
Correlation of PROMIS CAT with Validated Hip Outcome Scores in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy

Objectives:Patient reported outcomes (PRO) following surgery is vital to determining treatment efficacy and is valuable for executing comparative trials. Traditional legacy measures used to assess ...
Approximation of the Radon Transform from Samples in Limited Range

Let the Radon transform Rf of a function f be given in the directions ωo,…, ωp ɛ S1. Based on the characterization of the range of R, the so-called consistency conditions, an approximation Rfp in terms of orthogonal polynomials is calculated. It is shown that the L2-error of fp is of the order p -αif the function f belongs to the Sobolev space H о α . The method is applied for reconstructing an object from its x-ray projections in arbitrary directions. In order to use the fast reconstruction algorithms approximations of the data in equally distributed directions are provided. The complexity of the algorithm and numerical limitations are studied, numerical experiments show the usefulness of the procedure.
Tradeoffs in the design of correlation filters

Designing filters for use with optical correlators is really an exercise in trading one performance measure against another. In this critical review, we present several different situations where such a tradeoff is carried out. An informed understanding of this law of nature is important in making sure that our goals in optical pattern recognition are realistic.
Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Infections

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is composed of two closely related organisms, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. MAC disease results primarily from ingestion or inhalation. This complex is best known for the disseminated disease that usually occurs in those with advanced …
Pop! Observing and Modeling the Legless Self-righting Jumping Mechanism of Click Beetles

Click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) have evolved a jumping mechanism to right themselves when on their dorsal side, without using their legs or any other appendages. This paper describes and analyzes the stages of the click beetle jump using high-speed video recordings and scanning electron micrographs of four beetle species, namely Alaus oculatus, Ampedus nigricollis, Ampedus linteus and Melanotus spp. The body of the click beetle is considered as two masses linked by a hinge. Dynamic and kinematic models of the jump stages are developed. The models were used to calculate the hinge stiffness and the elastic energy stored in the body during the jump. The modeling results show agreement with the experimental values. The derived models provide a framework that will be used for the design of a click beetle inspired self-righting robot.
CEO entrenchment and loan syndication

Abstract Unlike a traditional bank loan with only a single creditor, a syndicated loan involves a group of lenders: a lead arranger and a number of participant lenders. The syndication process, therefore, generates an additional dimension of agency problem between the lead arranger and the participant lenders, in addition to the traditional agency cost of debt between the borrower and the lender (Diamond, 1984; Holmstrom and Tirole, 1997). We investigate the association between CEO entrenchment of the borrowing firm and the loan syndication concentration and composition. Several results are obtained. First, in syndicated loans made to firms with entrenched CEOs, the number of participant lenders and their share in the loan are smaller; the lead arranger retains a larger loan share. Second, these loans are held more closely (in a more concentrated manner). Third, foreign lenders are less involved in these loans; the number of foreign lenders and their shares in the loan are both smaller. Fourth, we find that the results are mainly driven by loans syndicated by non-dominant lead arrangers. Our findings shed light on the two types of agency problems associated with syndicated loans; between lenders and the borrowers and between lead arranger and participant lenders, and have important implications for shareholders, creditors and regulators.
Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Stool Cultures and Parasitological Studies in Hospitalized Patients

ABSTRACT There is substantial evidence that stool culture and parasitological examinations are of minimal to no value after 3 days of hospitalization. We implemented and studied the impact of a clinical decision support tool (CDST) to decrease the number of unnecessary stool cultures (STCUL), ova/parasite (O&P) examinations, and Giardia/Cryptosporidium enzyme immunoassay screens (GC-EIA) performed for patients hospitalized >3 days. We studied the frequency of stool studies ordered before or on day 3 and after day 3 of hospitalization (i.e., categorical orders/total number of orders) before and after this intervention and denoted the numbers and types of microorganisms detected within those time frames. This intervention, which corresponded to a custom-programmed hard-stop alert tool in the Epic hospital information system, allowed providers to override the intervention by calling the laboratory, if testing was deemed medically necessary. Comparative statistics were employed to determine significance, and cost savings were estimated based on our internal costs. Before the intervention, 129/670 (19.25%) O&P examinations, 47/204 (23.04%) GC-EIA, and 249/1,229 (20.26%) STCUL were ordered after 3 days of hospitalization. After the intervention, 46/521 (8.83%) O&P examinations, 27/157 (17.20%) GC-EIA, and 106/1,028 (10.31%) STCUL were ordered after 3 days of hospitalization. The proportions of reductions in the number of tests performed after 3 days and the associated P values were 54.1% for O&P examinations (P
Development of dielectric elastomer nanocomposites as stretchable actuating materials

Dielectric elastomer nanocomposites (DENCs) filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes are developed. The electromechanical responses of DENCs to applied electric fields are investigated through laser Doppler vibrometry. It is found that a small amount of carbon nanotube fillers can effectively enhance the electromechanical performance of DENCs. The enhanced electromechanical properties have shown not only that the desired thickness strain can be achieved with reduced required electric fields but also that significantly large thickness strain can be obtained with any electric fields compared to pristine dielectric elastomers.
Learning Styles, Motivation, and Career Choice: Insights for International Business Students from Linguistic Inquiry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a model of motives and career choice based on learning styles in order to apply the model in teaching business. Although the relationship between le...
Gastric pneumatosis: An unusual presentation of superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Abstract We present a case of extensive gastric pneumatosis with portal venous air due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome in an underweight, developmentally normal seventeen-year-old boy. Despite his alarming imaging findings, his abdominal exam was benign and he was successfully treated nonoperatively.
Gender, Aging, and Social Policy

Publisher Summary The US has undergone substantial social and demographic changes over the last several decades, and many of the gender gaps have narrowed. This chapter reviews the theoretical, empirical, and policy-related research on gender differences in old age in the US. It summarizes two key socio-demographic trends—changes in marriage and care work—that shape gender differences in old age. It then examines gender differences in income and health, and explores the degree to which these are addressed by current old age policies in the US. Two key factors, increases in single parenting and the increasing intensity of unpaid care work, continue to shape gender inequality across the life course and well into old age. Gender differences in health, and in access to various types of health benefits, vary significantly across the life course. Finally, this chapter evaluates some policy solutions that could reduce gender inequality in old age. When analyzing gender inequality, old age scholars tend to highlight how social and economic factors constrain individual actions across the life course. Old age scholars will continue to analyze how the recent emphasis on cutting costs and on privatizing public benefits has overshadowed policy proposals that have the potential to make existing programs more responsive to changing social and demographic trends.
Prokaryote Inclusions: Descriptions and Discoveries

Spherical inclusions were observed in a “colorless egg-shaped alga” in 1786, but were not identified as sulfur until 1875. The discovery of additional inclusions required improvements to the light microscope. Thus, cyanophycin, polyphosphate, lipid, and glycogen inclusions were not observed until late in the nineteenth century and insecticidal protein crystals in 1915. Polyhydroxybutyrate was identified as a lipid inclusion in 1926, but the confirmed identity of the others as well as the discovery of new inclusions required the introduction of the electron microscope as well as other technological advances. Glycogen, polyphosphate, and insecticidal inclusions were confirmed in 1944, 1947, and 1953, respectively. Cyanophycin was not identified until 1971. Although lipid bodies were seen in 1893, triacylglycerols were not identified as accumulated materials in prokaryotes until 1976, and wax ester accumulation, discovered in 1960, was not confirmed as an inclusion until 1985. Recombinant protein inclusions, requiring the development of gene cloning technology, were not identified until 1982. The acidicalcisome, a polyphosphate accumulation in eukaryotes, was demonstrated to be present in a prokaryote in 2003. Characterization of the known inclusions, their structure, production and utilization, as well as the discovery of additional inclusions continue today.
A Proposed Basis for Varietal Differences in Sensitivity of Grapes to Crown Gall Disease

Crown gall disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and in grapes is manifested as tumors which most often occur on the trunks of vines. The size of the tumor reflects the cultivar’s sensitivity to the disease. We are using a tissue culture system to study the basis for varietal differences in sensitivity of grapes to crown gall disease. Stem explants from cultivars with various sensitivities to the disease were incubated on woody plant medium supplemented with equal concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid and kinetin (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l) at 28C for 16 d. As measured by increase in fresh weight, callus tissue growth from the explants was 3.0 to 6.5 times greater for highly sensitive variety than for insensitive varieties at all hormone concentrations (Fig. 1).
Then and Now: Reflections on Death at Life's Beginning.

I will never forget my first perinatal end-of-life case, nearly fifteen years ago. At the time, I was in my second year of MSW education and was selected for a highly coveted internship at one of t...
Reference frames in spatial communication for navigation and sports: an empirical study in ultimate frisbee players

Reference frames ground spatial communication by mapping ambiguous language (for example, navigation: “to the left”) to properties of the speaker (using a Relative reference frame: “to my left”) or the world (Absolute reference frame: “to the north”). People’s preferences for reference frame vary depending on factors like their culture, the specific task in which they are engaged, and differences among individuals. Although most people are proficient with both reference frames, it is unknown whether preference for reference frames is stable within people or varies based on the specific spatial domain. These alternatives are difficult to adjudicate because navigation is one of few spatial domains that can be naturally solved using multiple reference frames. That is, while spatial navigation directions can be specified using Absolute or Relative reference frames (“go north” vs “go left”), other spatial domains predominantly use Relative reference frames. Here, we used two domains to test the stability of reference frame preference: one based on navigating a four-way intersection; and the other based on the sport of ultimate frisbee. We recruited 58 ultimate frisbee players to complete an online experiment. We measured reaction time and accuracy while participants solved spatial problems in each domain using verbal prompts containing either Relative or Absolute reference frames. Details of the task in both domains were kept as similar as possible while remaining ecologically plausible so that reference frame preference could emerge. We pre-registered a prediction that participants would be faster using their preferred reference frame type and that this advantage would correlate across domains; we did not find such a correlation. Instead, the data reveal that people use distinct reference frames in each domain. This experiment reveals that spatial reference frame types are not stable and may be differentially suited to specific domains. This finding has broad implications for communicating spatial information by offering an important consideration for how spatial reference frames are used in communication: task constraints may affect reference frame choice as much as individual factors or culture.
Links between Peer Victimization, Perceived School Safety, and Internalizing Symptoms in Middle Childhood.

Abstract Extant research indicates that peer victimization is an important factor in the development of internalizing symptoms for youth. However, few studies have examined contextual factors that ...
From Human-Computer Interaction to User Experience: Evolving Curriculum to Meet Student Needs

Computer Science Curriculum 2013 and Software Engineering Curriculum 2014 recommend eight and ten hours of human-computer interaction (HCI) concepts, respectively. SE2014 notes that human factors and usability are areas where motivation is needed within SE pedagogy, "Students will often not appreciate the need for attention to those areas unless they actually experience usability differences or watch users having difficulty using software." However, while HCI topics include user-centered design, basic human principles, evaluation and understanding of links to technological and societal issues, many contemporary industry settings require broader skills in support of the user experience (UX), defined by Neilsen and Norman as "all aspects of the end-user's interaction with the company." As industry demands for people with skills in UX grow, it is useful for educators to share their best ideas and practices in the teaching of these concepts. For educators currently teaching HCI and for those planning to teach HCI and UX, we hope to discuss strategies for including broader UX topics in their classes. Additionally, we hope to include faculty who might be integrating UX topics into curricula from psychology, human factors, Advanced Placement CS Principles courses and others. We anticipate discussion of the following: UX research methods, approaches to UX design and validation, UX requirements analysis, specification and UX business case development. We will discuss these concepts in the context of computer science and software engineering education and application as well as other settings of interest to participants.
Improving task-specific representation via 1M unlabelled images without any extra knowledge.

We present a case-study to improve the task-specific representation by leveraging a million unlabelled images without any extra knowledge. We propose an exceedingly simple method of conditioning an existing representation on a diverse data distribution and observe that a model trained on diverse examples acts as a better initialization. We extensively study our findings for the task of surface normal estimation and semantic segmentation from a single image. We improve surface normal estimation on NYU-v2 depth dataset and semantic segmentation on PASCAL VOC by 4% over base model. We did not use any task-specific knowledge or auxiliary tasks, neither changed hyper-parameters nor made any modification in the underlying neural network architecture.
Neuromuscular Training Improves Self-Reported Function and Single-Leg Landing Hip Biomechanics in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction:

Background:Neuromuscular training (NMT) has been shown to attenuate high-risk biomechanics in uninjured athletes. At the time that athletes return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) re...
The Start of a Military Career (1853–1878)

Chapter 2, “The Start of a Military Career (1853–1878),” examines the formative years in White’s career when he was posted to India just before the start of the Rebellion of 1857–1858. He served primarily in the Punjab during this period, at various cantonments and outposts. It looks at issues including military life, opportunities for advancement and promotion, racial attitudes, and the debates over foreign policy concerning India.
RNA polymerases IV and V influence the 3’ boundaries of Polymerase II transcription units and pre-mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis

Nuclear multisubunit RNA polymerases IV and V (Pol IV and Pol V) evolved in plants as specialized forms of Pol II. Their functions are best understood in the context of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), a process in which Pol IV-dependent 24 nt siRNAs direct the de novo cytosine methylation of regions transcribed by Pol V. Pol V has additional functions, independent of Pol IV and 24 nt siRNA biogenesis, in maintaining the repression of transposons and genomic repeats whose silencing depends on maintenance cytosine methylation. Here we report that Pol IV and Pol V play unexpected roles in defining the 3′ boundaries of Pol II transcription units. Nuclear run-on assays reveal that in the absence of Pol IV or Pol V, Pol II occupancy downstream of poly A sites increases for approximately 12% of protein-coding genes. This effect is most pronounced for convergently transcribed gene pairs. Although Pols IV and V are detected near transcript ends of the affected Pol II-transcribed genes, their role in limiting Pol II read-through is independent of siRNA biogenesis or cytosine methylation. Interestingly, we observed that splicing was much less abundant in pol IV or pol V mutant plants, compared to wild-type, suggesting that Pol IV or Pol V affect pre-mRNA processing. We speculate that Pols IV and V (and/or their associated factors) play roles in Pol II transcription termination and pre-mRNA splicing by influencing polymerase elongation rates, bypass or release at collision sites for convergent genes.
Comparison of Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Talar Osteochondral Lesions Repaired With Micronized Allogenic Cartilage Extracellular Matrix and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate vs Microfracture

Background:Microfracture (MF) has been used historically to treat osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs), with favorable outcomes reported in approximately 80% to 85% of cases. However, MF repai...
Surrealist Curation: Urban Domesticity Through the Surrealist Poetics of Analogy

The tactic of surrealist poetic analogy forms the surrealist curation that functions as an agent that occupies, engages, and ultimately transforms the city and its built environment that surrounds us. In the case of Le Corbusier’s roof terrace of the Beistegui apartment in Paris, Le Corbusier uses intentional movements and visual analogical compositions to dictate a curated urban experience in a domestic space. The surrealist curation unfolds the tenacious relationship between house and city through an analogical narrative, in which the house extends its boundaries to the public realm and brings domesticity into the city. In the case of Alys’ Modern Procession in New York City, the carried art objects, the music performed during the procession, and the movements of the participants domesticate urban streets by relocating art objects from the interior of a private museum institution to the public urban space. The juxtaposed urban elements enact a poetic transformation that facilitates the surrealist curation to assemble an “oneiric house” filled with fantasy. The paper argues that the surrealist curation evokes “dream images” in the city that transcends the tangible material city into a dream entity and looks beyond the built environment to understand the city. By implementing the surrealist curation one can further challenge the perceptions of urban spatial boundaries and investigate the theoretical and historical overlaps between urban domesticity and surrealist imagination. Surrealist curation criticizes the homogenous quantitative treatments of urbanism and their analytical data-driven approaches to urban transformation, calls for the examination of poetic relationships in our cities through visual fantasies, corporeal kinesthesia, and alternative narratives of reveries.
Metallization Techniques for Wearable Textile Electronics

Wearable electronics must be both flexible and robust so that they can be form fitting and reliable. The first of these were fabricated with printed conductors on rubber, plastic, and other polymer substrates. More recently, conductive textiles have been preferred due to their 1) inherently flexible and lightweight physical properties, and 2) low-loss, low-dielectric electrical properties. However, a variety of challenges persist when implementing wearable textile electronics, with necessary trade-offs between conductivity, durability, and flexibility. Consequently, there is still a need to develop optimal metallization approaches. In this paper, six different textile-compatible metallization techniques are presented. These include adhering copper tape, silver paint, silver thread, silver-painted silver threads (SPST), copper mesh, and silver-painted copper mesh (SPCM) to a denim stack-up. Microstrip transmission line (TL) prototypes were fabricated with each method, and analyzed to determine which textile-compatible metallization technique had the best performance in comparison to a TL on standard printed circuit board (PCB). Measurements show that the denim TL with SPST conductors had the smallest losses versus the PCB standard, with only an average loss of 0.03 dB/cm from 0.5 to 3 GHz.
Ballerinas as analysts: Former ballet dancers’ transfer of 21st century skills to careers as data analysts:

This qualitative study examines 21st century skills used by former ballerinas in their current careers as data analysts. Using the Partnership for 21st Century Learning’s list of 21st century skill...
Hypothesis Testing Ordinary Meaning

The past decade has seen rapidly growing interest in the use of language corpora (large collections of machine readable texts) for the purpose of determining the ordinary or plain meaning of terms in the areas of statutory and constitutional interpretation. The primary benefits of this practice is that corpora provide reliable, replicable insights into how terms are used by language users in their ordinary, day-to-day contexts. The practice is not uncontroversial, however, as some critics have expressed concerns over the reliability of corpus linguistic analyses. In the current paper, we address these concerns by advocating for a hypothesis testing approach to corpus-linguistic analyses of ordinary meaning. First, we describe the scientific process of hypothesis testing. Then we argue that the components of an ordinary meaning determination (an inductive inference about a characteristic of a population based on that characteristic of a sample) mirror those of the classic hypothesis testing paradigm. Finally, we lead readers through an demonstration of the hypothesis testing approach to corpus-linguistic analyses of ordinary meaning in the context of H. L. A. Hart's "no vehicles in the park" hypothetical.
A cascade reaction of cinnamyl azides with vinyl sulfones directly generates dihydro-pyrrolo-pyrazole heterocycles.

Abstract This report describes the direct synthesis of dihydro-pyrrolo-pyrazole heterocycles from allylic azides and methyl vinyl sulfone. The product results from a complex cascade reaction that is operationally straightforward, with aromatization being the result of a concomitant elimination step. A variety of azides could participate in this reaction (12 examples) and the isolated yields of the desired product ranged from 51%−72%. Lastly the ethylene sulfone group could be removed by heating the product in pyrrolidine.
Allomorph selection precedes phonology: Evidence from Yindjibarndi

Theories of the phonology-morphology interface can be differentiated by their claims regarding the timing of phonologically conditioned suppletive allomorphy (PCSA) and phonology. Some (e.g. Paster 2006; Embick 2010) argue that PCSA occurs in a morphological component of the grammar that precedes phonology; others (e.g. Kager 1996; Mascaro 2007; Smith 2015) argue that at least phonologically optimizing PCSA occurs in the phonological component of the grammar, in parallel with phonology. This paper discusses a case of apparently optimizing PCSA in Yindjibarndi (Pama-Nyungan, Wordick 1982), proposes an analysis in which suppletive allomorphy precedes phonology, and shows that the alternative – an analysis in which PCSA occurs in the phonological component of the grammar – should be dispreferred.
The Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality with derivatives

Let m≥1 and P be a polynomial of degree at most mn−1. Let dα, dβ be Jacobi distributions and xkx be zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to dα. Then inequality of the type {fx100-1}, is considered.
Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Determined Terahertz Attenuation in Controlled Rain

The effects of rain attenuation on 0.1- to 1-THz frequencies are reported in this paper. The THz pulses propagate through a rain chamber over a 4-m distance and are measured by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). A rain chamber is designed to generate controllable and reproducible rain conditions with different intensities. Image analysis software is employed to characterize the distribution of generated raindrop sizes. Theoretical THz power attenuations due to rain are calculated using Mie scattering theory and are compared with our measurements. Results show that both experimental and theoretical results are in very good agreement with each other.
La recreación del mito en el teatro de Alfonso Sastre: Inversión e intertextualidad en El viaje infinito de Sancho Panza

Alfonso Sastre ha aportado al teatro espanol contemporaneo nuevas lecturas del mito -tanto de las figuras culturales o historicas de estatura mitica en la literatura universal como de las tragedias clasicas- que emparejan con la tematica y las tendencias actuales. De hecho, el incorporar distintas estrategias narrativas o experimentales en sus tragedias complejas basadas en los mitos prueba que cuando se da la colision vuelven a vivir. En el presente ensayo se discutira en que modo su recreacion e inversion del mito de Don Quijote y Sancho Panza logran revivir a estos personajes para reflejar una problematica que acusa explicitamente la realidad de hoy.
Vertebrate Nervous System

The sections in this article are: 1 How Many Parts Does the Nervous System Have? 1.1 Early Development of the Nervous System 1.2 Body and Brain Segments 1.3 Neurogenetic Compartments 1.4 Cell Lineage Clusters 1.5 Brain and Body Size 2 How is Sensory Information Represented in the Brain? 2.1 Receptor-Based Maps 2.2 Evolution of Receptor-Based Maps 2.3 Constructed Maps 2.4 Distributed Representations 3 How Are Movements Generated and Controlled? 3.1 Reflexes 3.2 Central Pattern Generators 3.3 Orienting Movements 3.4 Ongoing Movements 3.5 Grasping Movements 4 How Are Different Kinds of Information Integrated in the Pallium? 4.1 Association Cortex and Pallial Organization 4.2 Categorizing Sequences 4.3 Cognitive Maps 5 Traditional Hypotheses of Vertebrate Brain Evolution Reconsidered
Verisimilitude in the Conclusion of Albert Camus’s L’étranger

In discussing the historical accuracy and verisimilitude of Camus’s L’etranger, critics disagree whether the death sentence the court imposes on Meursault for killing an Arab realistically depicts the French-Algerian legal process. Most studies, such as Conor Cruise O’Brien’s brief classic, and works by English Showalter and Patrick McCarthy, consider this aspect of the roman the most unrealistic and ahistorical, since racial discrimination against Arabs in the Francophone world was such that no white colon would be convicted for shooting an Arab armed with a knife, and counsel’s demands for a “not guilty” verdict based on self-defense would have convinced a jury. Critics have not sufficiently addressed whether the novel itself indicates that Meursault/Camus regarded the death sentence for killing an Arab as uncommon or not in accord with verisimilitude. That Meursault shows no remorse for killing an Arab in cold blood suggests he shares the racial prejudices of his people. Moreover, in the course of his arrest and trial the legal authorities initially pay little attention to his case. Apparently believing that he will be released, perhaps even without trial, he thinks he does not need a lawyer. After he is imprisoned, his conduct toward the Arab prisoners, the legal authorities, his defense attorney, and his paramour, Marie, indicate that he expects to be found “not guilty.” Even the Arabs in jail with him find the presence of a white pied-noir in prison anomalous. In these ways, Camus subtly suggests cognizance of the racist historical context in which L’etranger takes place. Indeed, the judicial system turns on Meursault only after he admits to the examining magistrate that he is an atheist and the authorities learn that he had not wept at his mother’s funeral and was in other ways seemingly indifferent to her death. Thus, Camus attempts to preserve some semblance of historical authenticity.
Mode of action of streptomycin in relation to thechanges in spinal fluid sugar in tuberculous meningitis: III. A theory of the mode of action of streptomycin in vivowith a commentary on the current literature

Summary A theory on the mode of action ofstreptomycin in tuberculous meningitis is presented that explains the rise of C.S.F. sugar after treatment with streptomycin. The hypothesis is formulated to correlate known clinical observations and laboratory data: Streptomycin in the injured cell in tuberculous meningitis causes inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in spinal fluid sugar noted after the initial treatment with streptomycin is secondary to decreased utilization of glucose by the living cell and unimpaired flow of spinal fluid.
A Framework for Closing Guantánamo Bay

The treatment of the detainees Guantanamo Bay has caused an uproar both domestically and internationally. Specifically, scholars, politicians and the international community have expressed disdain with allegations of torture and the lack of process afforded to detainees at Guantanamo. As a result, the call for the closure of the prison facility at Guantanamo Bay has seemed virtually unanimous. This Note evaluates some of the proposed solutions to problems associated with closing Guantanamo. The author offers elements of a comprehensive plan to close Guantanamo Bay that attempts to balances the security needs of the free world with a respect for international law and human rights.
OSTEOMA OF MANDIBLE; REPORT OF A CASE.

Abstract An interesting case of osteoma of the mandible has been presented, with a description of pre- and postoperative findings. These tumors are said to start spontaneously, but they may be of traumatic origin. The growth usually ceases with the termination of general skeletal development.
Review of Advances in Physics

“In the beginning, things were without form and void.” This semi-Biblical quote is not really pertinent to the Mossbauer effect. After a brief period of surprise (“You mean that, despite thermal vibrations of approximately 105 cm/sec, you expect me to believe gamma-ray absorption can be changed by applying 10−2 mm/sec to the source??!!” circa Fall 1959), the phenomenon quickly found a lawful, natural, and secure place. In fact, one could feel a great deal of pride in the structure of physics that, despite the advent of a new observation technique which extended some measurements two orders of magnitude and which made possible several kinds of new measurements, nothing unexpected happened. In its essentials, our earlier picture was adequate to the new and sharper view.