cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-Selective Charge Transport Pathways through p-Oligophenylene-Linked Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Molecules

A series of donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) triads have been synthesized in which the donor, 3,5-dimethyl-4-(9-anthracenyl)julolidine (DMJ-An), and the acceptor, naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (NI), are linked by p-oligophenylene (Ph(n)) bridging units (n = 1-5). Photoexcitation of DMJ-An produces DMJ(+*)-An(-*) quantitatively, so that An(-*) acts as a high potential electron donor, which rapidly transfers an electron to NI yielding a long-lived spin-coherent radical ion pair (DMJ(+*)-An-Ph(n)-NI(-*)). The charge transfer properties of 1-5 have been studied using transient absorption spectroscopy, magnetic field effects (MFEs) on radical pair and triplet yields, and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. The charge separation (CS) and recombination (CR) reactions exhibit exponential distance dependencies with damping coefficients of beta = 0.35 A(-1) and 0.34 A(-1), respectively. Based on these data, a change in mechanism from superexchange to hopping was not observed for either process in this system. However, the CR reaction is spin-selective and produces the singlet ground state and both (3*)An and (3*)NI. A kinetic analysis of the MFE data shows that superexchange dominates both pathways with beta = 0.48 A(-1) for the singlet CR pathway and beta = 0.35 A(-1) for the triplet CR pathway. MFEs and TREPR experiments were used to measure the spin-spin exchange interaction, 2J, which is directly related to the electronic coupling matrix element for CR, V(CR)(2). The magnitude of 2J also shows an exponential distance dependence with a damping coefficient alpha = 0.36 A(-1), which agrees with the beta values obtained from the distance dependence for triplet CR. These results were analyzed in terms of the bridge molecular orbitals that participate in the charge transport mechanism.
Canthine analogs via intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions

Abstract Carbocyclic analogs ( 10 and 12 ) of canthine ( 1 ) and canthin-6-one ( 2 ) were prepared in three and four steps, respectively, from indole-3-car☐aldehyde. The key step was an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction carried out in refluxing sulfolane.
Spectroscopic studies on phycoerythrin 545, its bilins, and its isoproteins

Abstract Phycoerythrin 545 is a biliprotein isolated from the cryptomonad Rhodomonas lens . Some of its properties, which allow the protein to function as a light-harvesting and energy-transfer pigment in photosynthesis, have been investigated by three approaches. In the first, the fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, and absorption spectra of the purified protein were analyzed. The fluorescence polarization spectrum across the visible absorption spectrum indicated that the chromophores were segregated into at least three energetically different sets. The two higher-energy sets, sensitizing chromophores, lose excitation by excition migration to the lowest-energy group of chromophores, fluorescing chromophores. Secondly, the chromophore content of phycoerythrin 545 was determined. With use of trypsin to cleave the protein into peptides, the four chromopeptides were obtained and then purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Three of the chromopeptides appear to have phycoerythrobilin, while the fourth has a chromophore with a novel absorption spectrum. A tentative proposal was made that this chromophore (bilin) was unique in the biliproteins, and it was named cryptobilin 562. Cryptobilin 562 was the sole chromophore on the α subunit of the protein. Phycoerythrin 545 had only phycoerythrobilins on the β subunit and one cryptobilin 562 on the α subunit. A hallmark of the cryptomonad biliproteins seems to be a large diversity in structurally unique bilins. Bilins from the cyanobacteria and red algae appear to be limited to only four. Finally, the different isoproteins of both phycoerythrin 545 and 566 were examined. Isoelectric focusing experiments showed that there were six and five major isoproteins for phycoerythrins 545 and 566, respectively. In both cases, the isoproteins showed very similar spectra when placed in the identical buffer.
Evaluation of the Theories of Rubberlike Elasticity Using Swollen Networks Crosslinked at Different Degrees of Dilution

Abstract A recently reported study described the preparation of elastomeric networks by crosslinking poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains in both the undiluted state and in solution. Measurements of the moduli of these networks in the unswollen state gave results supporting the theory of rubberlike elasticity developed by Flory and coworkers, rather than the corresponding theory due to James and Guth. These results were not entirely unambiguous, however, because of complications due to departures (“2C2 corrections”) from the expected elastic equation of state. Much of this uncertainty has now been removed by measurements of the moduli of such networks in the swollen state, a condition under which the effects of the 2C2 contributions are known to be minimized. These new results strongly support the earlier conclusion that the Flory theory is the more nearly correct. Nonequilibrium effects, as well as the 2C2 corrections, diminish upon incorporation of a diluent into the crosslinked network; similar decreases occu...
Future-time perspective in adolescence: The present of things future revisited

Several theorists have suggested that the observed changes in adolescent future-time perspective are due to the emergence of formal-operations reasoning [e. g., T. J. Cottle and S. Klineberg (1974),The Present of Things Future, Free Press-Macmillan, New York; P. Fraisse (1963),The Psychology of Time, Harper & Row, New York; H. Hartmann (1958),Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation, International Universities Press, New York; J. Piaget (1968),Six Psychological Studies, Vintage Book, New York]. Using a cross-sectional sample of 60 Caucasian adolescents, the present study was designed to examine this hypostatized interrelation. Data obtained through individual interviews provide only limited support for a cognitive hypothesis. As predicted, older students showed greater future extension and the more cognitively advanced students proved better able to project a set of events into the distant future. However, neither the older, nor the more cognitively advanced, students projected a greater number or a more consistent set of future events than did their respective counterparts. Moreover, analysis of the types of events projected obtained significance only for grade level. The findings are discussed from a contextualist perspective, within which consideration is given to the influence of experiential and life-span status factors.
Steady state analysis of high penetration PV on utility distribution feeder

The current deregulation trend in the electric power industry has led to the utilities trying to adapt Distributed Generation (DG) into their existing infrastructure. In this paper, 12.47 kV distribution feeders of American Electric Power (AEP) are modeled in OpenDSS to investigate the impacts of PV integration. With increasing PV penetration reverse power may flow on the grid which is associated with voltage rise that may lead to violation of integration standards. The impact on voltage profiles and losses depends upon the size and location of the PV system. Voltages of the feeder, voltage regulation and feeder losses under various locations and levels of PV penetration are analyzed for the utility feeder utilizing unbalanced power flow solution.
Response of the food and beverage industry to the obesity threat.

TO AVOID PUBLIC CRITICISM AND FORESTALL GOVERNment intervention, the food and beverage industry hopes that self-regulation is sufficient and also seeks to establish public-private partnerships. This reaction is common in industries under threat and can take helpful or harmful forms. Industry self-regulation can sometimes work in the public interest, with forestry and fisheries serving as examples. Public-private partnerships can also promote health. For instance, donations by pharmaceutical companies of mectizan for river blindness, mebendazole to eliminate intestinal parasites, and azithromycin to treat trachoma have supported health agencies and benefited millions of persons with debilitating diseases. The food industry has demonstrated its ability to contribute to the public’s health through folate fortification of flour and bread products, a productive public-private collaboration aimed at reducing rates of neural tube defects. In other cases, such as tobacco, self-regulation and public-private partnerships have a long history of undermining public health. Food and beverage companies have reacted to criticism in ways forecast by the behavior of other industries. Some practices obstruct public health goals and may even hurt industry interests by creating public relations liabilities and provoking rather than preventing government intervention. This Commentary highlights some common food and beverage industry attitudes and practices.
Visual grouping and the right-hemisphere interpreter

Abstract Four decades of research with callosotomy—or “split-brain”—patients have revealed dramatic functional asymmetries between the cerebral hemispheres. The most striking hemispheric differences have been found in tasks tapping relatively high-level cognitive functions such as language, syllogistic reasoning, and schema-based cognition, all of which are performed much better by the left hemisphere in most patients. These findings have led Gazzaniga and his colleagues to postulate the existence of a left-lateralized cognitive module called the “interpreter” that performs these functions and attempts to resolve ambiguous events as it occurs in the world. Characterization of right-hemisphere specialization has been more problematic. Some visuospatial functions seem to be performed equivalently by both hemispheres, whereas others appear to be strongly right lateralized. I describe a series of behavioral experiments with split-brain patients that suggest that the two hemispheres process visual information in qualitatively different ways. Specifically, it appears that the left hemisphere does not have access to all of the visual mechanisms that are available to the right hemisphere. These data suggest that the right hemisphere also performs “interpretive” functions that are geared towards resolving the spatial ambiguity that is inherent in visual perception.
Differentiation of metal‐rich meteoritic parent bodies: I. Measurements of PGEs, Re, Mo, W, and Au in meteoritic Fe‐Ni metal

We describe an analytical technique for measurements of Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Ru, Rh, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au in bulk samples of iron meteorites. The technique involves EPMA (Fe, Ni, Co) and LA-ICP-MS analyses of individual phases of iron meteorites, followed by calculation of bulk compositions based on the abundances of these phases. We report, for the first time, a consistent set of concentrations of Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au in the iron meteorites Arispe, Bennett County, Grant, Cape of Good Hope, Cape York, Carbo, Chinga, Coahuila, Duchesne, Gibeon, Henbury, Mundrabilla, Negrillos, Odessa, Sikhote-Alin, and Toluca and the Divnoe primitive achondrite. The comparison of our LA-ICP-MS data for a number of iron meteorites with high-precision isotope dilution and INAA data demonstrates the good precision and accuracy of our technique. The narrow ranges of variations of Mo and Pd concentrations within individual groups of iron meteorites suggest that these elements can provide important insights into the evolution of parent bodies of iron meteorites. Under certain assumptions, the Mo concentrations can be used to estimate mass fractions of the metal-sulfide cores in the parent bodies of iron meteorites. It appears that a range of Pd variations within a group of iron meteorites can serve as a useful indicator of S content in the core of its parent body.
Prediction of Forming Limit in Single Point Incremental Forming With the Ductile Fracture Criterion

Many experiments have been conducted to investigate the forming limit in single point incremental forming (SPIF). The forming limit curve (FLC) generated from these experiments follows a linear line with a negative slope in the positive minor strain side of the forming limit diagram (FLD). It is also found that, in general, for the same material subjected to the SPIF process, the failure strain level greatly exceeds the traditional FLC based on theories of the plastic instability [Iseki and Kumon, 1994]. Currently, no theoretical work or no criterion was proposed to predict this FLC in the SPIF. In this paper, the criterion for the ductile fracture [Oyane, 1980] is introduced to try to predict the forming limit of the material in the SPIF. Based on the calculated stress and strain from the finite element simulation and the ductile fracture criterion, the fracture initiation site and the forming limit are predicted. The predicted results are compared with that from the SPIF experiment to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Predislocation syndrome: A review and retrospective analysis of eight patients

Predislocation syndrome is defined as an either an acute, subacute, or chronic inflammatory process involving the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints. If left untreated, this process can lead to plantar plate and capsular attenuation and metatarsophalangeal joint instability. A retrospective analysis were performed on eight patients who were treated with a flexor tendon transfer for this condition. A subjective analysis and chart review were performed to determine the final outcome of these patients. All patients had a chief complaint of a painful second metatarsophalangeal joint with seven of eight patients having an associated hallux valgus deformity. Excellent results were achieved in six patients. Residual stiffness was the primary complaint of two patients following surgery, suggesting that metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness may be a potential problem after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfers. However, we concluded that the flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer remains an excellent procedure for second toe instability and late-stage predislocation syndrome. A literature review describing the epidemiology, symptom complex, physical findings, radiographic signs and therapies used to manage predislocation syndrome were also discussed.
Going to Extremes: Managing Service Encounters and Assessing Provider Performance:

The authors advance a framework for analysis and comparison of service encounters using three neglected dimensions—duration, affective content, and spatial proximity. They focus on service encounte...
Proteasome inhibition rescues clinically significant unstable variants of the mismatch repair protein Msh2

MSH2 is required for DNA mismatch repair recognition in eukaryotes. Deleterious mutations in human MSH2 account for approximately half of the alleles associated with a common hereditary cancer syndrome. Previously, we characterized clinically identified MSH2 missense mutations, using yeast as a model system, and found that the most common cause of defective DNA mismatch repair was low levels of the variant Msh2 proteins. Here, we show that increased protein turnover is responsible for the reduced cellular levels. Increasing gene dosage of more than half of the missense alleles fully restored function. A titration experiment revealed that raising the expression level of one variant to less than wild-type levels restored mismatch repair, suggesting that overexpression is not always required to regain function. We found that the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway is the major mechanism for increased turnover of the Msh2 variants and identified the primary ubiquitin ligase as San1. Deletion of San1 restored protein levels for all but one variant, but did not elevate wild-type Msh2 levels. The unstable variants interacted with San1, whereas wild-type Msh2 did not. Additionally, san1Δ suppressed the mismatch repair defect of unstable variants. Of medical significance, the clinically approved drug Bortezomib partially restored protein levels and mismatch repair function for low-level variants and reversed the resistance to cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic. Our results provide the foundation for an innovative therapeutic regime for certain mismatch-repair-defective cancers that are refractory to conventional chemotherapies.
Stability of Met-enkephalin content in brain structures of morphine-dependent or foot shock-stressed rats

THE discovery of enkephalin has suggested one more theory to explain the mechanisms of opiate tolerance and addiction. Kosterlitz and Hughes1 proposed that a reduced enkephalin release might explain tolerance and physical dependence to opiates. Simantov and Snyder2 supported this view by showing that the content of enkephalin was changed in brain of morphine-dependent rats. Others3–5 have reported that Met-enkephalin is rapidly metabolised by brain tissue. Because of this in vivo lability of Met-enkephalin, particular precaution must be taken in the preparation of brain tissue samples for enkephalin assay. In fact, we have shown that by killing the rats with a microwave beam focused to the head and by taking particular precautions in preparing the brain samples we could measure Met-enkephalin concentrations which were higher (by several orders of magnitude) than the concentrations measured by other authors who failed to take such precautions6. Since the changes in the brain enkephalin content reported to occur either after a stress induced by foot shock7 or during morphine dependence2, were measured by a binding assay which lacks specificity for enkephalin, we decided to repeat these experiments with a technique that specifically measures Met-enkephalin6 to decide whether the brain enkephalin content changes during stress7 or opiate dependence2.
Abstract 811: Co-inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Hyperactivation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been observed separately in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in rats that is induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), a powerful carcinogen found in some human diets. In approach to discover new prevention strategies for ESCC, celecoxib and S,S′-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT), selective inhibitors respectively to COX-2 and iNOS, were evaluated in the NMBA-rat preclinical esophageal cancer model. F344 rats were treated with NMBA (0.30mg/kg b.w.) three times per week for five weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last NMBA treatment, rats were fed with control diet with or without different doses of celecoxib and PBIT. At week 35, rats were sacrificed and esophageal tumors were counted. Celecoxib (1000 ppm) or PBIT (100 ppm) alone, and a combination treatment with celecoxib (500 ppm) and PBIT (50 ppm), significantly decreased the NMBA-induced tumor multiplicity (from 4.73 ± 0.45 to 2.00 ± 0.25, 1.89 ± 0.23, and 1.61 ± 0.27, respectively), which were accompanied by the inhibition of transcription, translation and kinase activity of both COX-2 and iNOS in all these treatments. By using this COX-2/iNOS co-inhibition strategy, celecoxib/PBIT combination inhibited cancerous esophagus cell proliferation by immunohistochemistry staining of PCNA, and decreased c-Myc expression in NMBA-induced papillomas by Western blot analysis. In addition, the histopathological examination of rat esophagus showed that celecoxib/PBIT combination significantly prevented NMBA-induced tumor transformation (from 8.373% to 1.765%). In conclusion, our results indicated that co-inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS by Celecoxib/PBIT combination prevented NMBA-induced ESCC in rats, which represents a new means of esophageal cancer prevention. (Supported by NIH/NCI RO1 CA131073-01A1). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 811. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-811
Reduced benzodiazepine sensitivity in panic disorder.

• We evaluated the functional sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid—benzodiazepine supramolecular complex in 9 patients with panic disorder and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects by comparing the effects of four logarithmically increasing doses of intravenous diazepam on saccadic eye movement velocity, memory, and self-rated sedation. Patients with panic disorder were less sensitive than controls to diazepam using eye velocity as the dependent measure. Sedation and memory effects did not distinguish the two groups. These findings suggest that panic disorder is associated with functional subsensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid—benzodiazepine supramolecular complex in brain-stem areas controlling saccadic eye movements.
Novel Facets of the Nonabelian Anomaly

We derive new constraints on multipoint amplitudes involving chiral currents. These constraints are valid for arbitrary values of the momenta of the currents, and for arbitrary chiral symmetry-breaking schemes. Examples of how these constraints are realized for several symmetry-breaking patterns are given, and relations to the Wess—Zumino action are discussed. The constraints are shown to result from the presence of nonAbelian phases on surfaces in gauge group parameter space. They represent subtler manifestations of a general class of topological structures, the simplest of which gives rise to the nonAbelian anomaly equation by the Abelian phase winding.
Detection of low abundant mutations in DNA using single-molecule FRET and ligase detection reactions

New strategies for analyzing molecular signatures of disease states in real time using single pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) were developed to rapidly detect point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA (DNA diagnostics). The assay was carried out using allele-specific primers, which flanked the point mutation in the target gene fragment and were ligated using a thremostable ligase enzyme only when the genomic DNA carried this mutation (ligase detection reaction, LDR). We coupled LDR with spFRET to identify a single base mutation in codon 12 of a K-ras oncogene that has high diagnostic value for colorectal cancers. A simple diode laser-based fluorescence system capable of interrogating single fluorescent molecules undergoing FRET was used to detect photon bursts generated from the MB probes formed upon ligation. We demonstrated the ability to rapidly discriminate single base differences in heterogeneous populations having as little as 600 copies of human genomic DNA without PCR amplification. Single base difference in the K-ras gene was discriminated in less than 5 min at a frequency of 1 mutant DNA per 10 normals using only a single LDR thermal cycle of genomic DNA. Real time analyses of point mutations were also performed in PMMA microfluidic device.
A new pathway of metabolism of chloramphenicol which influences the interpretation of its irreversible binding to protein in vivo

Abstract The mechanism of the metabolic activation of chloramphenicol (CAP) in vivo in the rat has been studied by measuring the irreversible binding to protein of specifically labeled [1, 2-14C] dichloroacetamido and 1-3H-benzylic derivatives of CAP. In every tissue examined, the 14C-label of CAP bound significantly more than the 3H-label, indicating that only part of the structure of CAP was bound. When 14C-labeled plasma protein, from rats given [14C]CAP, was hydrolyzed chemically or enzymatically, glycine and serine were identified by thin-layer chromatography and reverse isotope dilution analysis as the predominant radioactive products. These results indicate that the majority of the irreversible binding of CAP to protein in vivo is not due to its metabolic activation into a reactive metabolite as was found in vitro in liver microsomes, but instead is due to its metabolism into small molecular fragments, which are incorporated into pools of normal tissue constituents. These small molecules are subsequently biosynthesized into glycine and serine, and these amino acids are then incorporated into the structure of tissue protein. The general importance of these results and possible pathways for the metabolism of CAP into glycine and serine are discussed.
Largest mixed transition metal/actinide cluster: a bimetallic Mn/Th complex with a [Mn10Th6O22(OH)2]18+ core.

A high-nuclearity mixed transition metal/actinide complex has been prepared from the reaction of a MnIII4 complex with Th(NO3)4 in MeCN/MeOH. The complex [Th6Mn10O22(OH)2(O2CPh)16(NO3)2(H2O)8] is the largest such complex to date and the first Th/Mn species. It is rich in oxide groups, which stabilize all of the metals in the high ThIV and MnIV oxidation levels. Magnetic characterization establishes that the complex has an S = 3 ground-state spin value.
Acoustic emission interpretation of ductile fracture processes

Detailed analyses of acoustic emission from several material classes have established that the predominant source in tensile testing is particle decohesion and fracture. Acoustic emission is a smoothly varying parameter with plastic strain in 4340 steel where small carbides predominate; however, in an IN 718 superalloy, it is both bimodal and exhibits a burst phenomena where very large carbides and nitrides as well as a medium size laves (δ) phase contribute. From microscopic and acoustic emission observations, it is found that the fracture process is sulfide decohesion followed by void sheet instability associated with carbides in 4340 steel. In IN 718, large carbide or nitride fractures are followed by void sheets associated with laves phase. Identification of the major particle nucleation sites have allowed an initial interpretation of ductile hole growth models. Application of McClintock hole growth and a Hahn and Rosenfield void sheet instability criterion to the ductile fracture process has provided a good correlation to tensile ductilities, plane-strain crack tip ductilities, and plane-strain fracture toughness, K IC.
Comparative morphology and ecology of two species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea) of rodents in Florida, with a key to the species of Litomosoides Chandler, 1931.

Abstract From April 1970 to August 1971, 235 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and 281 rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) were trapped in salt and fresh water marshes in north-central Florida and examined for natural infections of filarial worms, Litomosoides spp. Cotton rats from both types of marshes were infected (28–44 per cent prevalence), whereas only rice rats from the salt marsh were infected (56 per cent prevalence). Older animals were more commonly infected than younger ones. In cotton rats the worms were located in the pleural cavity, whereas in rice rats the worms were located primarily in the abdominal cavity. Filarial worms from rice rats were transmitted experimentally to laboratory-reared rice rats and cotton rats, but worms from cotton rats were transmitted only to cotton rats. Morphological studies on adult forms and microfilariae indicated that the worms in rice rats were distinct from those in cotton rats and are therefore described as Litomosoides scotti sp. n. The cotton rat filariids were referable to Litomosoides carinii (Travassos, 1919) Vaz, 1934. L. scotti differs from L. carinii in the ratio of the spicules, in the shape of the distal end of the right spicule and in having shorter microfilariae.
The nucleotide sequence of the yeast ARG4 gene

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of a 2296-bp DNA fragment containing the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ARG4 gene has been determined. This gene specifies the synthesis of the arginine biosynthetic enzyme, argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1). The sequence contains one major open reading frame of 463 codons, giving a calculated Mr of 52010 for the protein, in good agreement with the experimentally determined value of 53 000. The sequence upstream from the ARG4 gene shares structural features in common with other yeast genes subject to general amino acid control.
Anti-oxidant heme-oxygenase 1 is induced by a polymerized hemoglobin solution in human pulmonary endothelial cells

Abstract Introduction: In previous clinical trials with severely injured patients, we observed that resuscitation with a polymerized hemoglobin solution (PolyHb) compared to stored pRBCs reduced circulating plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 at 6–12 hours after injury. HO-1, the inducible isoform of the anti-oxidant protein heme-oxygenase, is present in most tissues and can be induced by heme products. HO-1 has been shown to protect against ischemic tissue injury. We hypothesize that PolyHb can induce HO-1 in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Methods: HMVEC cultures were grown to > 80% confluence on 12-well plates and incubated for 2hrs, 5hrs, 8hrs, or 10hrs with a 50% (v/v) mixture of a polymerized hemoglobin solution with cell culture media. Endothelial cell lysates were collected at each timepoint and HO-1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. HO-1 protein was quantified in cell lysates by ELISA. Results: HO-1 protein was detected by Western blot in HMVEC cultures after incubation periods of 5hrs, 8hrs, and 10hrs with PolyHb. By ELISA, cells incubated with PolyHb for 2hrs, 5hrs, 8hrs, and 10hrs showed a 1.1-fold, 4-fold, 7-fold, and 10-fold increase, respectively, in HO-1 protein as compared to control cells not exposed to PolyHb. Conclusions: Polymerized hemoglobin can induce heme-oxygenase 1 in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Heme-oxygenase 1 activity may explain the anti-inflammatory effects we observed in clinical trials and could be exploited for tissue protection following trauma or ischemia.
Supersymmetry applied to the spectrum edge of random matrix ensembles

Abstract A new matrix ensemble has recently been proposed to describe the transport properties in mesoscopic quantum wires. Both analytical and numerical studies have shown that the ensemble of Laguerre or of chiral random matrices provides a good description of scattering properties in this class of systems. Until now only conventional methods of random matrix theory have been used to study statistical properties within this ensemble. We demonstrate that the supersymmetry method, already employed in the study Dyson ensembles, can be extended to treat this class of random matrix ensembles. In developing this approach we investigate both new, as well as verify known statistical measures. Although we focus on ensembles in which T -invariance is violated our approach lays the foundation for future studies of T -invariant systems.
Abnormal P-Wave Delays in The Geysers—Clear Lake Geothermal Area, California

Large teleseismic delays, exceeding 1 second, are found near Mount Hannah in the Clear Lake volcanic field and in the steam-production area at The Geysers. The delays are superimposed on a general delay field of about 0.5 second extending over the volcanic rocks and the steam reservoir. It is postulated that a magma chamber under the surface volcanic rocks with a core of severely molten rock beneath Mount Hannah and a highly fractured steam reservoir probably underlain by partially molten rock at The Geysers are responsible for the observed delays. Both zones extend to depths of 20 kilometers or more.
The Fifth Column: The Case of the Confounded Water Model or All Streams Do Not Flow North

Once upon a time, there was a nameless county near the eastern seaboard of New England. This county looked ripe for the development of many more homes per square foot than presently existed. A consortium of real-estate investors was found and before long these investors were poring over eight color maps, much as a group of crows might discuss which part of the corn field to eat next. The county planning commission sat through the usual presentation of the proposed new development duly noting the deep vistas covered with proposed parks, proposed bike paths, proposed swing sets, pools, and, oh yes, HOUSES. Meanwhile, the developers were patting themselves on the back at how few houses they had proposed with which to infest this proposed development. Naturally, the county planning commission was absolutely horrified at the plethora of habitations the developers were proposing. Now, let’s digress for a moment and explain how this chess game is usually played.
Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma Masquerading as Amblyopia

Purpose A healthy 13-year-old girl, previously diagnosed with amblyopia in her right eye, was seen in consultation after her vision continued to decrease. Methods A complete ophthalmologic examination including visual field testing and optic nerve photography was performed in the neuro-ophthalmologic clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging study was also obtained. Results Visual sensory deficits and pale optic nerves were noted on clinical examination. Visual field testing showed a chiasmatic junctional defect. Magnetic resonance imaging verified a large chiasmatic mass, histologically proven to be a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. Conclusion Early recognition of signs and symptoms of chiasmatic lesions is essential for preventing visual loss.
Influence of adjunctive interferon-γ on treatment of gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection in mice

Increasing antibiotic resistance and the development of multidrug-resistance in the enterococci has complicated the treatment of serious enterococcal infections. It has been demonstrated in vitro that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) significantly augments the activities of gentamicin and vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis resistant to these antibiotics. The present study was aimed at determining whether this beneficial effect of IFN-gamma on antienterococcal antibiotic activity can be validated in vivo. Following intraperitoneal inoculation in mice with a gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis clinical isolate, the animals received IFN-gamma, antibiotic or a combination of both agents, subcutaneously, at determined dosing regimens. Treatment with IFN-gamma alone significantly improved survival of infected animals in a dose-dependent manner. High dose IFN-gamma was not beneficial and the level of enterococcal infectious burden influenced the effectiveness of the cytokine. The addition of IFN-gamma to therapy with gentamicin or vancomycin, or a combination of both antibiotics was associated with a marked increase in survival of infected non-neutropenic mice compared to treatments with the agents alone. However, the same treatments made in infected neutropenic mice did not show an enhancement effect by IFN-gamma after a combination therapy with antibiotics. In a study to examine pharmacokinetic interactions, concurrent administration with IFN-gamma significantly modified the disposition of gentamicin but not that of vancomycin. The results of this study suggest that the use of IFN-gamma in combination with vancomycin or gentamicin is a new treatment option that might improve the outcome of therapy of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis infections.
Clinical signs of severe acute mitral regurgitation.

Abstract Unusual auscultatory and palpatory findings are described in a case of acute destruction of the mitral valve by staphylococcal endocarditis. An early decrescendo systolic murmur ending well before aortic closure was heard and recorded at the apex. The apical impulse consisted of grossly exaggerated a and rapid filling waves, and a nonsustained outward systolic movement of normal height. These findings are discussed in the light of hemodynamic data obtained. The importance of careful analysis of such physical signs is stressed.
Analysis of the low temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of p-difluorobenzene

Abstract The low temperature fluorescence spectra (4.2 K) of solid solutions of p -difluorobenzene- h 4 ( p DFB- h 4 ) and - d 4 have been recorded and analyzed. The absence of fluorescence from vibrationally excited states at 4.2 K eliminates the sequence and “hot band” structure which complicate the analysis of the vapor fluorescence spectrum. On the basis of a comparison of our vibrational analysis with those published for the vapor phase fluorescence, several incorrect assignments in the latter have been identified. The high resolution and lack of spectral congestion obtained in the low temperature matrix isolated fluorescence spectra also allowed additional vibrational assignments to be made. These results are of added importance because of the extensive use which has been made of p DFB for radiationless relaxation studies in the vapor phase. The phosphorescence spectrum of crystalline p DFB- h 4 was observed with sufficient intensity to locate the electronic origin to make several vibrational assignments. Additionally, the zero-field splitting of the first triplet excited state was measured by optically detected magnetic resonance techniques.
An Outline for Comparison Testing of Mathematical Software - - Illustrated by Comparison Testings of Software Which Solves Systems of Nonlinear Equations

This paper presents an outline for doing comparison testing of mathematical software. The outline is illustrated with examples from two comparison testings. One comparison tested software that solves nonlinear least squares problems, while the other tested software that solves square systems of equations.
Simulation experience enhances medical students' interest in cardiothoracic surgery.

Background Applications to cardiothoracic training programs have declined dramatically. Increased effort in recruiting trainees is paramount. In this study, we test our hypothesis that mentored instruction on cardiothoracic simulators will enhance the interest of junior medical students in cardiothoracic surgery. Methods First- and second-year medical students were recruited from a "surgery interest group" to receive mentored instruction on high-fidelity cardiothoracic simulators. Before and after simulation assessment tools were used to assess attitudes toward simulation, general surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery. Results Forty-four medical students participated in the study. Although 80% of the students were interested in pursuing a career in surgery before the course, the majority (64%) indicated they were "neutral" about pursuing a career in cardiothoracic surgery. After participating in the course, 61% of the students agreed or strongly agreed that they were interested in pursuing a career in cardiothoracic surgery ( p = 0.001). When asked to select a surgical subspecialty for their third-year clerkship rotation, 18% of the students selected thoracic surgery before participating in the simulator course versus 39% after completing the course. This increase was most evident among the female participants, of whom only 3 (12%) selected a thoracic rotation before the simulator course versus 9 (35%) after completion of the course ( p Conclusions High-fidelity surgical simulators are an effective way to introduce medical students to cardiothoracic surgery. Participation in moderated simulator sessions improves attitudes toward cardiothoracic surgery as a career choice and correlates with a greater interest in selecting thoracic surgery as a third-year clerkship rotation. The role of surgical simulation as a recruitment tool should be further delineated.
Electron Impact Ionization of Multicharged Ions

The available literature on electron impact ionization of ions of charge + 3 or greater is reviewed. Several easily used formulae are presented-the classical result, the Lotz formula, and a scaled Coulomb-Born prescription. The available experimental cross-sections, which now include a few good quality crossed-beams measurements, are compared with the cross-sections obtained from the formulae and, where available, with true Coulomb-Born calculations. The Lotz formula is overall found to be closest to the experimental results. However, this result is fortuitous since much of the experimental data are found to contain measurable contribution from the excitation-autoionization process not included in any of the formulae. It appears to be more important to include estimates of the excitation-autoionization contribution to ionization cross-sections than to improve the models of the direct ionization process.
Linear systems formulation of non-paraxial scalar diffraction theory

Goodman's popular linear systems formulation of scalar diffraction theory includes a paraxial (small angle) approximation that severely limits the conditions under which this elegant Fourier treatment can be applied. In this paper a generalized linear systems formulation of non-paraxial scalar diffraction theory will be discussed. Diffracted radiance (not intensity or irradiance) is shown to be shift-invariant with respect to changes in incident angle only when modeled as a function of the direction cosines of the propagation vectors of the usual angular spectrum of plane waves. This revelation greatly extends the range of parameters over which simple Fourier techniques can be used to make accurate diffraction calculations. Non-paraxial diffraction grating behavior (including the Woods anomaly phenomenon) and wide-angle surface scattering effects for moderately rough surfaces at large incident and scattered angles are two diffraction phenomena that are not limited to the paraxial region and benefit greatly from this extension to Goodman's Fourier optics analysis. The resulting generalized surface scatter theory has been shown to be valid for rougher surfaces than the Rayleigh-Rice theory and for larger incident and scattered angles than the classical Beckman-Kirchhoff theory. This has enabled the development of a complete linear systems formulation of image quality, including not only diffraction effects and geometrical aberrations from residual optical design errors, but surface scatter effects from residual optical fabrication errors as well. Surface scatter effects can thus be balanced against optical design errors, allowing the derivation of optical fabrication tolerances during the design phase of a project.
Chronotypic induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by α-methyl-p-tyrosine

Abstract αMethyl-p-tyrosine induced hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activitity to different extents depending upon the time of day of administration of the drug. Maximal induction occurred when α-methyl-p-tyrosine (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally during the first several hours of the light phase of the daily cycle, but the magnitude of the induction depended on the nutritional state of the animal. Induction was 4 to 5-fold greater in fasting rats. The effect of α-methyl-p-tyrosine on hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase is believed to be mediated by decreases in hypothalamic norepinephrine. This hypothesis was supported by the demonstration that decreasing levels of hypothalamic norepinephrine at times of day when hypothalamic turnover of norepinephrine was greatest resulted in the greatest induction of tyrosine aminotransferase, while lowering hypothalamic norepinephrine at times when turnover was minimal resulted in minimal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase.
PLAQUE STUDIES WITH CERTAIN GROUP B ARBOVIRUSES. I. JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS STRAINS ON HAMSTER KIDNEY AND CHICK EMBRYO TISSUE CULTURE.

SummaryNakayama and OCT-wild strains of JBE produced similar plaques on HKTC, double agar overlay, which are 0.3-0.7 cm in diameter, clear with sharp boundaries while plaques produced by OCT-attenu-ated are much smaller and hazy.Virus adsorption at 37°C is optimum at 2 hours for OCT-wild and only 1 hour for OCT-attenuated in HKTC; in CETC 90 minutes is the optimal adsorption time for Nakayama strain and 1 to 2 hours produces about the same plaques for OCT-attenuated strain. Washing after the adsorption period is apparently unessential and repeated washing is deleterious to the tissue. For optimal plaque visualization in HKTC with the 3 JBE strains, 0.004% neutral red is most satisfactory in the second agar overlay. Larger plaques occur with all strains at 37°C than at lower temperatures. Plaques produced by Nakayama and OCT-attenuated on CETC were much smaller and less clear than those on HKTC. Plaque formation of JBE Nakayama, OCT-wild and OCT-attenuated strains in HKTC (double agar overlay) and CETC (si...
Atp7b-/-mice as a model for studies of Wilson's disease

Wilson9s disease is a severe human disorder of copper homoeostasis. The disease is associated with various mutations in the ATP7B gene that encodes a copper-transporting ATPase, and a massive accumulation of copper in the liver and several other tissues. The most frequent disease manifestations include a wide spectrum of liver pathologies as well as neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. A combination of copper chelators and zinc therapy has been used to prevent disease progression; however, accurate and timely diagnosis of the disease remains challenging. Similarly, side effects of treatments are common. To understand better the biochemical and cellular basis of Wilson9s disease, several animal models have been developed. This review focuses on genetically engineered Atp7b −/− mice and describes the properties of these knockout animals, insights into the disease progression generated using Atp7b −/− mice, as well as advantages and limitations of Atp7b −/− mice as an experimental model for Wilson9s disease.
Marital Intimacy Among Older Persons The Spouse as Confidant

This article reports on a study of the choice of confidant among a sample of married persons aged 55 and over. Although 85% of the women and 70% of the men reported having a confidant, less than 30% of the women and 40% of the men reported confiding in their spouses. Those who do confide in their spouses have markedly higher levels of marital satisfaction than others and also generally score higher on measures of overall emotional well-being. In many cases, the estimated negative effects of confiding in someone other than one's spouse are as large as or larger than the negative effects of not having a confidant. These findings indicate the import of identity of the confidant for both marital and general well-being.
JOINT FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS AND RURAL NOTABLES IN 19TH-CENTURY EGYPT

During the past thirty years, the study of the family in European history has developed with a strong comparative emphasis.' In contrast, the study of the family in Middle East history has hardly begun, even though the family is assumed to have had a major role in "the structuring of economic, political, and social relations," as Judith Tucker has noted.2 This article takes up the theme of the family in the economic, political, and social context of 19th-century rural Egypt. Its purpose is, first of all, to explicate the prevailing joint household formation system in relation to the system of landholding, drawing upon fatwas and supporting evidence. Second, it argues that rural notable families in particular had a tendency to form large joint households and that this was related to the reproduction and enhancement of their economic and political status. Specifically, the maintenance of a joint household appears to have been a way of avoiding the fragmentation of land through inheritance. After the middle of the 19th century, when it appeared that the coherence and durability of the joint family household were threatened, the notables sought to strengthen it through legislation. Their involvement in the law reform process contradicts the progressive, linear model of social and legal change that is often applied in 19th-century Egyptian history.