cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behavior of laser micro-machined bulk 6H–SiC diaphragms

Abstract Mechanical behavior of laser micro-machined monolithic hexagonal silicon carbide (6H–SiC) diaphragms was investigated to determine the effects of laser processing. Square diaphragms with a nominal size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm were fabricated from bulk 6H–SiC wafers using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm, an average power of 0.35W, a pulse repetition rate of 3 kHz, and a pulse width of 100 ns. These parameters were chosen, based on previous experiments, to minimize surface roughness. Analysis of laser-machined diaphragms revealed that the average thickness of a diaphragm was 151 μm which is composed of two layers. One is a soft, black layer with a thickness of about 83 μm consisting of silicon, oxygen, and carbon. The other layer was a hard, virgin SiC layer with a thickness of 68 μm. The diaphragms were subjected to micro-hardness indentation tests to obtain load versus deflection curves. The data was validated using Timoshenko’s analytical model for maximum deflection of a thin plate under concentrated loading with hinged and clamped boundary conditions. Experimental measurements of the deflection were found to be slightly higher than those predicted by the analytical model. The variations in the thickness of the diaphragms, homogeneity of the elastic properties of the laser micro-machined SiC, and possibly inappropriate boundary conditions during testing of the diaphragms chiefly account for the deviations between the experimental results and the analytical model.
SAT predicts GPA better for high ability subjects: Implications for Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns.

This research examined the predictive validity of the SAT (formerly, the Scholastic Aptitude Test) for high and low ability groups. SAT scores and college GPAs were obtained from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Subjects were classified as high or low ability by g factor scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. SAT correlations with GPA were higher for high than low ability subjects. SAT g loadings (i.e., SAT correlations with g) were equivalent for both groups. This is the first study to show that the predictive validity of the SAT varies for ability groups that differ in g. The results contradict a presumption, based on Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns, that a test’s predictive validity should be lower for high ability subjects. Further research is needed to identify factors that contribute to the predictive validity of the SAT for groups that differ in g.
It's Not All Sex and Violence: Integrated Anthropology and the Role of Cooperation and Social Complexity in Human Evolution

Social scientists, especially anthropologists, have long endeavored to understand the evolution of “human nature.” This investigation frequently focuses on the relative importance of competition versus cooperation in human evolutionary trajectories and usually results in a primary emphasis on competition, aggression, and even war in attempting to understand humanity. This perspective conflicts with long-standing perspectives in anthropology and some emerging trends and theory in evolutionary biology and ecology. Cooperation and competition are not mutually exclusive in an evolutionary context. As anthropologists, we have demonstrated that humans can–and usually do–get along. Evolution is complex with multiple processes and patterns, not all of which involve competition and conflict. In this article, I summarize elements of modern ecological and evolutionary theory in the context of human cooperative patterns in an attempt to illustrate the valuable role of evolutionary theory and cooperative patterns in integrative anthropological approaches to the human condition.
Functional performance in older adults with hearing loss: Application of the International Classification of Functioning brief core set for hearing loss: A pilot study

AbstractObjectives: The beta version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) brief core set for hearing loss in adults was developed and recommended to be validated through the audiologic rehabilitation clinical practice. The aims of this pilot study were to validate the ICF brief core set by examining the dimensions of hearing performance measures used in a standard care university clinic specializing in amplification, and seeing if those dimensions support the structure provided by the core set. Design: ICF linking, classification, and qualifier coding procedures were applied on a data set identified from clinical records and two paper-pencil questionnaires; and completed by consensus of two experienced audiologists. Study sample: Forty-nine participants were recruited from an out-patient population at an audiology clinic. Results: Eighteen of 27 items from the brief core set were able to be linked and validated. Four factors were identified, and confirmed the st...
Mantle flow induced by back arc spreading

Summary I present a simple model for the mantle flow induced by back arc spreading behind a subduction zone. The spreading and the subduction are represented by imposed velocities on the boundaries of a fluid wedge of constant viscosity; the boundary condition on the upper surface is time-dependent to represent migration of the spreading centre. An analytical solution for the simultaneous flow of the unmelted mantle and an interstitial melt phase is obtained using the Mellin transform. Because the spreading centre is migrating, pathlines of material particles in the wedge differ substantially from the instantaneous streamlines. The solution for the melt flow delineates the mantle source regions for island arc tholeiites (IAT) and back arc basin basalts (BABB), and shows that these source regions are spatially distinct. The source region for BABB is connected to the downgoing slab in the early stages of spreading, but not later. This may explain the observed geochemical evolution of basalts in back arc basins such as the Lau Basin.
Adhesion and friction of PTFE in contact with metals as studied by Auger spectroscopy, field ion and scanning electron microscopy

Abstract The adhesion between PTFE and metals was studied by field ion microscopy, Auger emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Strong adhesion between PTFE and all metals, both clean and oxidized, was observed with these techniques for both static and dynamic contact. The bonding is sufficiently strong so that for soft metals such as aluminum, pieces of metal can be pulled out of the bulk and embed in the PTFE subsequently causing severe scoring of the metal surfaces.
An approach to near real-time dynamic distributed system control under uncertainty

Sensitivity analysis for integer optimization models is a very time-consuming process not conducive to applications requiring near real-time performance. The premise of this research is that the sensitivity of the optimization function in mixed integer non-linear systems creates a pattern. We demonstrate that a supervised neural network can be used to identify, classify and learn these patterns. The learned patterns can be represented in the various weights used in the neural network configuration. Using historical optimal information represented in the weights, the neural network can map the input constraints of our system to the optimal solution through functionally approximation with a high degree of accuracy. This functional approximation can be calculated in a small fixed determinate amount of time. In order to maintain good performance in a dynamic environment, the system uses feedback from an off-line component to identify and classify the constraint pattern changes. The proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation and case study to perform extremely well.
Measuring molecular flows with high-resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy

We propose using high-resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy to directly measure high-speed molecular flow velocities in wind tunnels and in combustive chambers. Our feasibility study indicates that flow speeds from Mach 0.04 up may be measured with the proposed method using available laser systems. It is pointed out that the success of the proposed technique will make possible the potential of measuring all interesting flow parameters, i.e., species concentration, temperature, and velocity, in a time of less than 1 μs at a repetition rate of 104/s using a single experimental arrangement.
Impairment of Phagocytosis in Chicken Monocytes during Aflatoxicosis

Graded doses of dietary aflatoxin (0, .625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 microgram/g) were tested for their effect on the phagocytic and locomotive capacities of monocytes from chicken blood. The percentage and mean phagocytic activites were decreased significantly (P less than .05) at 2.5 microgram/g and above and at 1.25 microgram/g and above, respectively. Both the directed and undirected locomotion of monocytes were impaired significantly (P less than .05) at 2.5 microgram/g and above. A serum factor with the heat sensitivity of complement and which was required for optimal phagocytosis by monocytes also was reduced in activity during aflatoxicosis. Thus, the circulating element of the mononuclear phagocyte series has reduced capacity to perform its role in host defense during aflatoxicosis.
Separation of Gravitational-Wave and Cosmic-Shear Contributions to Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization

Inflationary gravitational waves (GW) contribute to the curl component in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Cosmic shear—gravitational lensing of the CMB—converts a fraction of the dominant gradient polarization to the curl component. Higher-order correlations can be used to map the cosmic shear and subtract this contribution to the curl. Arcminute resolution will be required to pursue GW amplitudes smaller than those accessible by the Planck surveyor mission. The blurring by lensing of small-scale CMB power leads with this reconstruction technique to a minimum detectable GW amplitude corresponding to an inflation energy near 10^15 GeV.
Cadmium accumulation in the human retina: Effects of age, gender, and cellular toxicity

Tobacco smoking and aging are among the few factors linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of blindness in the elderly. Recent studies indicate that cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxic trace metal, is approximately four-fold higher in the retinas of smokers compared to non-smokers. In this study, we determined the effects of age and gender on Cd accumulation in human retinal tissues, specifically the neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid. Cadmium levels in cultured RPE cells or retinal tissues isolated from frozen donor eyes were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS). Cadmium uptake in cultured human RPE cells (ARPE-19) was also assessed using GF-AAS. Toxic effects of cadmium were determined from cell loss (measured as a decrease in cell density) and lactate dehydrogenase release (an indicator of membrane disruption). In "young" eyes ( or=55 years) and was significantly higher in the neural retina and RPE in older females. Cultured RPE cells exposed to Cd showed altered cell morphology, decreased cell survival, elevated ROS levels and concentration-dependent disruption of membrane integrity. We conclude that cadmium is accumulated differently in the neural retinal and RPE of older men and women. The deleterious effects of Cd on RPE cells indicate that this environmental toxin is a potentially important factor in age-related retinal disease.
Effects of dioxin, an environmental pollutant, on mouse blastocyst development and apoptosis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) on mouse embryo development and apoptosis. Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: Academic research environment. Animal(s): Female mice (CB6F1) at 3 to 6 weeks of age and proven breeders (C578B46). Intervention(s): Mouse embryos were obtained at the morula stage and cultured to the blastocyst stage in a pharmacologic dose of TCDD (3.1 μM) or a control medium. The morphology was assessed, and staining for apoptosis was performed. Immunohistochemistry for the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was performed in another set of morula-stage embryos. Main Outcome Measure(s): The number of embryos developing from the morula to the blastocyst stage and number of apoptotic blastomeres in control vs. TCDD culture conditions. Result(s): No statistically significant differences were observed in the percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage: 80.9% (115 of 142) in the TCDD-treated group, vs. 82.9% (121 of 146) in the control group. There was also no difference in the degree of apoptosis: 22.6 ± 7.3% apoptotic cells (TCDD) vs. 25.3 ± 9.7% (controls). Staining indicated the slight presence of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor in the morula-stage mouse embryos. Conclusion(s): TCDD at 3.1 μM did not alter the development of early mouse morula to blastocysts and did not significantly induce apoptosis in vitro.
Universality of the dynamic crossover in glass-forming liquids: a "magic" relaxation time.

Analysis of experimental data on the structural relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in various glass formers revealed its universality at the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ of the mode-coupling theory. In most glass formers studied $\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{(T}_{c})=\ensuremath{-}(6.5--7.5).$ Possible reasons for such a universality are discussed.
Geospatial and Statistical Modeling of Artisanal Mining Populations in Kenieba, Mali

Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has been both a formal and an informal part of many developing economies for decades. It is estimated that 13 to 20 million people are involved in artisanal mining globally. While it has been a prevalent part of poverty alleviation strategies worldwide, the people involved in ASM are a largely understudied population. This study uses a combination of remotely sensed data and fieldwork questionnaires, compiled and analyzed in a GIS, to model the spatial demographics of the ASM population in Kenieba, Mali. This paper and map discuss and illustrate the regional population of Kenieba, the number of miners per mine and the spatial-temporal movement patterns and proximity to mine sites. The Kenieba study area is located in western Mali along the Senegalese and Guinean borders. At most sites both gold and diamonds are being mined, as the mining of gold is a more profitable activity in this region than diamond mining. The map features three, 3-D figures representing land cov...
Postural preparation prior to stepping in patients with Parkinson's disease

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently have difficulties with generating anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) for forward propulsion and lateral weight transfer when initiating gait. This impairment has been attributed to deficits in motor planning and preparation. This study examined the preparation of APAs prior to an imperative cue to initiate forward stepping. A startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) was used to probe the state of preparation of the APA in eight PD (off medication) and seven matched control subjects. Subjects performed visually cued trials involving a pre-cue light instructing them to prepare to step, followed 3.5 s later by a go-cue light to rapidly initiate stepping. In random trials, a SAS (124 dB) was presented at -1,500, -1,000, -500, -250, -100, or 0 ms before the go-cue. Subjects also performed self-initiated steps. Ground reaction forces (GRFs), center of pressure (CoP) changes, and electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded. The SAS triggered APAs in 94 ± 11% (PD) and 96 ± 8% (control) of trials at latencies 89 ± 4 ms (PD) and 97 ± 3 ms (control) earlier than Control trials. The temporal profile of APA preparation was similar between groups. However, peak EMG, GRF, and mediolateral CoP amplitudes were reduced in PD. SAS-evoked APAs at 0 ms matched Control trial APAs and were enhanced compared with self-initiated stepping. These results demonstrate that people with mild to moderate PD can plan and prepare the appropriate APA sequence prior to the expected cue to initiate gait; however, the prepared APAs are underscaled in magnitude.
AIDS-related Social anxieties, Social skills and sexual activities in Indian college students

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between social skills/anxieties in HIV/STD prevention and actual and anticipated sexual behaviors in year 11 and 12 Indian college students. A quantitative questionnaire examining HIV and STD risk behaviors, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and the AIDS Social Asser-tiveness Scale (ASAS) were administered to 1230 year 11 and 12 Indian college students. The 5 scales of the ASAS were scored and compared between three groups: those who had had sexual experience (HS), those who anticipated being unable to refuse sex (AS), and those who did not anticipate problems in refusing sex (DS). Those in the AS group had significantly greater anxieties about refusing sexual or other risk behaviors than the HS and DS groups, and there were also significantly greater anxieties about dealing with condoms in the AS and DS groups compared with the HS group. Confiding sexual or HIV/STD related problems to significant others was considered more anxiety-pr...
Rivalry and Rapprochement in Early Cold War Central America

Under what conditions does a common threat cause rival states to achieve rapprochement? To inform not only contemporary policy debates about coalition-building against terrorism and insurgency, but also theoretical debates about obstacles to cooperation and conflict resolution, this article examines the pattern of rivalry and rapprochement among Central American states—non-Communist allies under the Rio Treaty—in the shadow of the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Given a common threat, why did Honduras and Nicaragua shift from rivalry to rapprochement while Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and El Salvador and Honduras, did not? Drawing on rarely explored published primary sources in English and Spanish, the article argues that the major obstacle to cooperation was the parochial interest of the armed forces in perpetuating the old mission of international rivalry despite the attractive new mission of internal security, and that presidents were able to achieve rapprochement only where state resource constraints compelled...
Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency Results at Different Stages

The results of surgical treatment of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency (PTTI) may be different at different stages of the disease. No single study has compared the results at different stages. This comparison can be helpful to the patient and physician if the patient asks “What if I wait and the disease progresses, how will my results be different?” A preliminary study comparing results for stage IIa, stage IIb (advanced stage II), and stage III was performed followed by a larger study comparing IIa and IIb with 26 and 22 patients, respectively. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) outcome scores as well as radiographs and functional questions were used. Nearly all patients, regardless of stage, felt they were helped by surgical treatment. However, the lowest AOFAS score was in stage III, the most advanced stage investigated in this study. In comparing stage IIa and IIb patients, stage IIb patients had a statistically higher incidence of lateral discomfort. Although statistically significant differences were not found in all comparisons, this study suggests that the results of surgical treatment for PTTI declines with increasing stage or severity of disease.
Topological charges and central changes in 3 + 1 dimensional supersymmetry

Abstract We show that supersymmetric theories in 3+1 dimensions which have a topological charge generically have an extended N =2 supersymmetry algebra with two real central charges (the maximum number possible). One central charge is the topological charge. The other central charge arises due to the presence of an extra conserved current in the supermultiplet of the antisymmetric tensor potential for the topological current.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR DIRECTIONAL RESIDUAL BASED FAULT ISOLATION

Abstract Generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for directional residual based fault isolation is studied in this paper. The conditional probability of correct fault isolation is used to measure the performance of the test. The explicit form of this probability is derived with the help of two GLRT invariant properties and the standard fault isolation subspace. The effect of linear transformation is studied as well.
X-Ray Monitoring of η Carinae: Variations on a Theme

We present monitoring observations by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer of the 2-10 keV X-ray emission from the supermassive star eta Carinae from 1996 through late 2003. These data cover more than one of the stellar variability cycles in temporal detail and include especially detailed monitoring through two X-ray minima. We compare the current X-ray minimum which began on June 29, 2003 to the previous X-ray minimum which began on December 15, 1997, and refine the X-ray period to 2024 days. We examine the variations in the X-ray spectrum with phase and with time, and also refine our understanding of the X-ray peaks which have a quasi-period of 84 days, with significant variation. Cycle-to-cycle differences are seen in the level of X-ray intensity and in the detailed variations of the X-ray flux on the rise to maximum just prior to the X-ray minimum. Despite these differences the similarities between the decline to minimum, the duration of the minimum, and correlated variations of the X-ray flux and other measures throughout the electromagnetic spectrum leave little doubt that that the X-ray variation is strictly periodic and produced by orbital motion as the wind from eta Carinae collides with the wind of an otherwise unseen companion.
Cytotoxic antibodies trigger inflammation through Fc receptors

Abstract Pathogenic self-reactive antibodies are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and contribute to both cytotoxic and Immune complex-triggered Inflammatory disorders, typified by rheumatic diseases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenla. Roles have been proposed for Fc receptors, complement, and complement receptors in the pathogenesis of these disorders, although the contribution of each to autoimmune injury is unclear. γ chain-deficient mice lacking FcγRI and FcγRlll are resistant to the development of experimental Immune hemolytic anemia induced by polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse red blood cell IgG antibodies. This resistance Is primarily a consequence of ineffective erythrophagocytosis, resulting from the lack of FcyRs on mononuclear phagocytes. Similarly, γ chain-deficient mice are completely resistant to the development of experimental immune thrombocytopenia induced by mouse anti-platelet antibodies. These data suggest that Fc receptors play an integral role in the pathogenesis of type II hypersensitivity and suggest potential therapeutic benefits of Fc receptor blockade.
Hyperglycosylated hCG, a review

Hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H) is a glycoprotein with the same polypeptide structure as hCG, and much larger N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides increase the molecular weight of hCG from 36,000 - 37,000 u to 40,000 - 41,000 u, depending on the extent of hyperglycosylation. hCG-H has triantennary N-linked oligosaccharides and double molecular size O-linked oligosaccharides (hexasaccharide compared with predominantly trisaccharide structures). hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast cells while hCG-H is made by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. hCG-H promotes trophoblast invasion during choriocarcinoma, growth of cytotrophoblast cells and placental implantation in pregnancy. hCG-H is an independent molecule to hCG with totally separate biological functions. hCG has numerous functions during pregnancy, it promotes progesterone production, promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature, immuno-suppresses the invading placental tissue, promotes the growth of the uterus in line with the growth of the fetus during pregnancy, promotes the differentiation of growing cytotrophoblast cells, promotes the quiescence of contractions in the uterine myometrium during the course of pregnancy, and also has function in growth and development of fetal organs. Monoclonal antibody B152 uniquely binds hCG-H. Using this monoclonal antibody in immunometric assays permits detection of pregnancy. It also permits management of gestational trophoblastic diseases and detection of quiescent gestational trophoblastic disease. This same test can be used to differentiate of aggressive and minimally-aggressive gestational trophoblastic disease, and discrimination of patients that respond to chemotherapy and who are chemorefractory. The hCG-H test can be used to screen for Down syndrome pregnancies and predict patients likely to generate hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. It also can be used to differentiate pregnancies that will miscarry and pregnancies that will go to term.
Measuring Beam Emittance for High-Energy H- Accelerators

A novel technique is presented for measuring the six-dimensional beam emittance for high-energy H- accelerators in real time. This techniuqe uses the single charge exchange cross section from thin and narrow foils (intercepting 1-3% of the beam) as a line source for measuring the divergence and momentum spectra for operating H- accelerator beams. By scanning the foil across the beam, X, ?, and p beam density spectra and emittance can be determined. The introduction of a second foil provides the Y-? emittance. Operational experience of this low cost emittance measuring device has been obtained from the 50-MeV H- linear accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory, simultaneously with its use as an injector into the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS).
Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor levels in spinal cord cultures are not regulated by alterations in heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression.

Abstract The present study was undertaken to assess both the levels of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in spinal cord cultures and to determine how they were presented to responsive cells. Western blots detected a single acidic fibroblast growth factor-like protein (17 kDa) and two (18 kDa, 24 kDa) basic fibroblast growth factor-immunoreactive proteins, the levels of which varied with the antibody used. Levels of all three proteins were unaltered in cultures grown in the presence of a mitotic inhibitor, which greatly reduced the number of astrocytes. Cell blots showed increased survival of spinal cord neurons at Mr that corresponded with the three proteins detected immunologically. Solubilized cultures separated on a P100 column showed mitogenic activity for NIH3T3 cells from 17–18 and 24 kDa fractions. Treatment of the cultures with heparitinase did not decrease the levels of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors detected by Western blots, suggesting that these proteins were not associated with extracellular membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The major fraction of both proteins appeared to be intracellular with a minor amount complexed with extracellular matrix proteins. An inhibitor of xylose-linked proteoglycan synthesis significantly altered heparan sulfate proteoglycan deposition into extracellular matrix, but did not alter the levels of acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors detected by Western blots, or the levels of choline acetyltransferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or aspartate aminotransferase activities. These results indicate that both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors are stored predominantly intracellularly, with only a minor fraction complexed with extracellular proteins. We suggest that these intracellular proteins may be released following injury in the CNS and mediate a cascade of neuroprotective events.
Deladenus (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) reproduction on species and strains of the white rot fungus Amylostereum

Deladenus siricidicola nematodes are used for the biological control of invasive Sirex noctilio woodwasps in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the discovery of established S. noctilio in North America and Canada in 2005, a similar biological control program is under consideration in the United States. In this study, a culture of Deladenus nematodes was established from a native Sirex nigricornis woodwasp collected in New York State. These nematodes were identified as Deladenus proximus using molecular and morphometric techniques. D. siricidicola Kamona are mass produced for biological control when feeding on the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum in the Southern Hemisphere, so we compared the relative development and reproduction of mycophagous forms of both nematode species when feeding on native and invasive strains of Amylostereum fungus. D. siricidicola Kamona were able to reproduce on all strains of A. areolatum tested, but reproduced poorly on the A. areolatum strain they would be most likely to encounter in northeastern North America, should the nematode be released. Multiple strains of both species of Amylostereum were observed to grow over nematode eggs, preventing them from hatching. D. proximus were able to reproduce well on both Amylostereumchailletii and A. areolatum, despite prior evidence suggesting only A. chailletii is a suitable food source. This is the first report of the ability of D. proximus to survive and reproduce on A. areolatum, the fungal symbiont usually carried by S.noctilio, suggesting this native nematode should be evaluated for its ability to parasitize and sterilize S. noctilio.
Prospects for pentaquark production at meson factories

Abstract Following Rosner [ hep-ph/0312269 ], we consider B-decay production channels for the exotic I=0 and I=3/2 pentaquarks that have been recently reported. We also discuss new search channels for isovector pentaquarks, such as the Θ ∗++ ( s duuu) , that are generically present in chiral soliton models but were not observed in recent experiments. Furthermore, we argue that weak decays of charmed baryons, such as the Λc+ and Ξc0, provide another clean way of detecting exotic baryons made of light quarks only. We also discuss discovery channels for charmed pentaquarks, such as the isosinglet Θ c 0 ( c udud) , in weak decays of bottom mesons and baryons. Finally, we discuss prospects for inclusive production of pentaquarks in e+e− collisions, with associated production of particles carrying the opposite baryon number.
Recombination Radiation in GaAs

Sharp-line emission near the absorption edge due to recombination of electrons and holes in recently available high-purity GaAs has been observed. At 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K exciton emission is observed at 1.5143\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 eV. The temperature dependence of this line is followed to 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and discussed. Below the energy gap a set of three lines is observed separated from each other by a longitudinal optical mode phonon energy (0.0364\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 eV). In crystals grown in an ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ atmosphere an emission is observed apparently due to recombination of a bound exciton. The intensity of this line relative to the exciton line increases with ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ pressure and occurs 0.0015 eV below the exciton line.
Performance of metal-supported SOFCs with infiltrated electrodes

Abstract Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with thin YSZ electrolyte films and infiltrated Ni and LSM catalysts are operated in the temperature range 650–750 °C. A five-layer structure consisting of porous metal-support/porous YSZ interlayer/dense YSZ electrolyte film/porous YSZ interlayer/porous metal current collector is prepared at 1300 °C in reducing atmosphere. This cell structure is then sealed and joined to a cell housing/gas manifold using a commercially available braze. Finally, the porous YSZ interlayers are infiltrated with Ni and LSM catalyst precursor solutions at low temperature prior to cell testing. Infiltrating the catalysts after the high temperature sintering and brazing steps avoids undesirable decomposition of LSM, Ni coarsening, and interdiffusion between Ni catalyst and FeCr in the support. Maximum power densities of 233 and 332 mW cm−2 were achieved at 650 and 700 °C, respectively, with air as oxidant. With pure oxygen as oxidant, power densities of 726, 993, and >1300 mW cm−2 were achieved at 0.7 V at 650, 700, and 750 °C, respectively.
Multiple Captures of Peromyscus leucopus: Social Behavior in a Small Rodent

Le fait que les rongeurs lors de captures multiples entrent ensemble dans les pieges n'indique pas necessairement qu'ils se deplacent ensemble. Il s'agit peut-etre de rencontres au hasard. Nombre et frequence des captures multiples (effectuees dans le Robert Allerton Park, Illinois) classees par âge, sexe et couples
Intracarotid low dose bradykinin infusion selectively increases tumor permeability through activation of bradykinin B2 receptors in malignant gliomas

Intracarotid low dose bradykinin infusion can selectively increase permeability in brain tumor capillaries. However, the mechanism by which bradykinin selectively increases transport into brain tumors and not normal brain has not been clearly defined. This study therefore sought to determine whether the mechanism by which bradykinin increases tumor permeability specifically involves the bradykinin B2 receptor in brain tumor tissue. In permeability studies, 27 Wistar rats with RG2 gliomas were utilized and a unidirectional transport, Ki, of radiolabeled [14C] sucrose was determined using quantitative autoradiography. Bradykinin (10 microg kg-1 min-1) increased the transport of sucrose to tumors 2.1-fold compared to saline infusion alone (p<0.001). The uptake of sucrose in tumors was significantly inhibited by the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, d-Arg, [Hyp3, Thi5,8, d-Phe7]-bradykinin (p<0.01), but not by the B1 receptor antagonist, des-Arg9, [Leu8]-bradykinin. The distribution of B2 receptors in normal brain and tumor tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry using the B2 receptor antiserum, AS 424. High levels of B2 receptors were detected in intracerebral RG2 glioma and brain surrounding tumor (BST), but not in normal brain tissue. These results indicate that the permeabilizing effects of bradykinin are mediated through bradykinin B2 receptors, and that differences in distribution of B2 receptors between tumor tissue and normal brain may be responsible for the selective effects on tumor tissue.
STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MELT SPINNING AND DRAWING POLY ETHER ETHER KETONE (PEEK) FIBERS

A study of the development of crystallinity and orientation in the melt spinning and drawing of poly ether ether ketone fibers is presented. Melt spun fibers are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, birefringence, and wide angle x-ray diffraction. These fibers were subsequently drawn at 160°, 180°, and 230°C. The drawn fibers were characterized by the same techniques as the melt spun fibers. Uniaxial stress-strain behavior, tensile strength, and elongation to break characteristics have been determined and correlated with fiber structure. Particularly important results are that drawdown ratios and spinline stresses can induce significant crystallization in the spinline. Correlations of fiber mechanical properties are developed with spinline stress and birefringence.
First-principles study of the mechanical properties and phase stability of TiO2

Abstract We performed a density-functional theory study of the mechanical properties, phonon and phase stability of TiO2 in the structures of rutile, anatase, columbite, baddeleyite, OI, cotunnite, fluorite, and pyrite. Six exchange–correlation functionals were used to evaluate the structural and elastic properties of TiO2. The calculated bulk and shear moduli of TiO2 confirm that the cotunnite and fluorite phases are not as hard as traditional ultrahard materials, such as diamond. The predicted phonon spectra of the cubic phases of TiO2, i.e., the fluorite and pyrite phases, show that they are dynamically unstable at ambient conditions. However, the fluorite structure can be stabilized as a metastable phase at high pressures. The pressure-induced phase transitions of TiO2 are found to depend on the starting material. The predicted pressure-induced phase transition pressures and sequence are consistent with previous experimental and theoretical studies. From the calculated Gibbs energies, we investigated the pressure–temperature phase diagram of TiO2. The calculated phase equilibria are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The currently predicted phase diagram is expected to provide helpful guidance for the future synthesis of high-pressure phases in TiO2.
Mexican American High School Students' Postsecondary Educational Goals: Applying Social Cognitive Career Theory

A multivariate multiple regression analysis predicting the educational goal aspirations and expectations of 89 Mexican American high school students was examined based on Lent, Brown, and Hackett's (1994) Social Cognitive Career Theory and prior research findings with Mexican American samples. No gender or generational status differences were found in educational aspirations or expectations; however, participants reported higher educational aspirations than educational expectations. In addition, results of a multivariate multiple regression analysis suggested that Anglo-oriented acculturation was significantly positively related to educational goal expectations and educational goal aspirations. Mexican-oriented acculturation, college self- efficacy, and college outcome expectations were not significantly related to Mexican American students' educational goals aspirations or expectations. Results are discussed as they relate to improving the educational achievement among Mexican American youth.
Implicates and prime implicates in Random 3-SAT

Abstract It has been observed previously that Random 3-SAT exhibits a phase transition at a critical ratio of constraints to variables, where the average frequency of satisfiability falls abruptly from near 1 to near 0. In this paper we look beyond satisfiability to implicates and prime implicates of non-zero length and show experimentally that, for any given length, these exhibit their own phase transitions. All of these phase transitions appear to share the same critical point as the well-known satisfiability phase transition. We also find a rich, regular pattern, in which phase transitions for longer implicates or prime implicates are less steep at a given problem size and all the phase transitions sharpen with increasing problem size. Implicates correspond in a one-to-one way to nogoods, and prime implicates correspond similarly to minimal nogoods. Knowledge about these phase transitions helps us to understand more about the behavior of search algorithms and knowledge compilation approaches in the context of Random 3-SAT.
The Effect of Interviewer Characteristics and Expectations on Response

This study reports on two sets of findings related to interviewer effects, derived from a national RDD sample of the adult population. The first of these concerns the effect of interviewer characteristics and expectations on overall cooperation rates; the second, the effect of interviewer characteristics and expectations on item nonresponse and response quality. We found that interviewers' age, the size of the interviewing assignment, and interviewers' expectations all had a strong effect on overall cooperation rates; the relation of experience to response rate was curvilinear in this sample. Age and education have consistent but statistically insignificant effects on item nonresponse. The effect of interviewers' expectations on responses within the interview resembles that in earlier studies, but is less pronounced and less consistent. Eleanor Singer is a Senior Research Associate at the Center for the Social Sciences. Martin R. Frankel is Professor of Statistics at Baruch College, CUNY. Marc B. Glassman is an independent statistical consultant in New York City. The authors wish to thank Ed Blair, Charles F. Cannell, Howard Schuman, and Seymour Sudman for reading and commenting on an earlier draft of the paper. The research was made possible by grant SES-78-19797 to the senior author. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 47:68-83 ? 1983 by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co, Inc. 0033-362X/83/0047-68/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.67 on Wed, 27 Apr 2016 06:33:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms EFECT OF INTERVIEWER CHARACTERISTICS 69 interviews, where typically fewer interviewers take a much larger number of interviews. Consequently, the effect of each interviewer's performance on response rate and response quality is magnified many times. At the same time, the fact that each interviewer on a telephone survey can be assigned to a random sample of respondents makes such effects easier to investigate and avoids the methodological weaknesses plaguing the studies by Singer and Kohnke-Aguirre and by Sudman et al., namely, the confounding of area and interviewer
Region moments: Fast invariant descriptors for detecting small image structures

This paper presents region moments, a class of appearance descriptors based on image moments applied to a pool of image features. A careful design of the moments and the image features, makes the descriptors scale and rotation invariant, and therefore suitable for vehicle detection from aerial video, where targets appear at different scales and orientations. Region moments are linearly related to the image features. Thus, comparing descriptors by computing costly geodesic distances and non-linear classifiers can be avoided, because Euclidean geometry and linear classifiers are still effective. The descriptor computation is made efficient by designing a fast procedure based on the integral representation. An extensive comparison between region moments and the region covariance descriptors, reports theoretical, qualitative, and quantitative differences among them, with a clear advantage of the region moments, when used for detecting small image structures, such as vehicles in aerial video. The proposed descriptors hold the promise to become an effective building block in other applications.
A tunneling spectroscopy study of the adsorption of ferrocyanide from water solution by Al2O3

Abstract Tunneling spectra of Fe( 12 C 15 N) 4− 6 and Fe( 12 C 14 N) 4− 6 adsorbed on Al 2 O 3 from dilute H 2 16 O and 50% H 2 18 O solutions are compared to infrared and Raman spectra of the K 4 Fe(CN) 6 salt. C–N stretching frequencies and isotopic shifts indicate that the iron remains in the divalent state after adsorption. IETS provides more information than IR, and somewhat different information than Raman spectroscopy.
Very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols and their acetate esters in pupae of the Southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania: Identification and biosynthesis

Abstract Homologous series of very long-chain methyl-branched primary alcohols and their acetate esters comprise a major lipid class in pupae of the Southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, and were characterized by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their acetate esters and their chloride and deuterated derivatives. The major components contain between 38 and 42 carbons in the alkyl chain, and have 1, 2 or 3 methyl branches. The four components, 22,26- and 22,34-dimethyloctatriacontanol, 24,28-dimethyltetracontanol and 26,30-dimethyldotetracontanol, comprise over 50% of the free alcohols and over 75% of the acetate esters. Radiolabeled acetate and propionate were incorporated at high levels into the acetate esters from 24 to 90 h after pupation and into the free alcohols from 120 to 160 h after pupation. Both microsomal and soluble enzyme preparations from the tissue associated with the pupal cases incorporated labeled methylmalonyl-CoA into lipid. The data show that very long-chain methyl-branched primary alcohols and their acetate esters are a major lipid class synthesized by S. eridania pupae, and indicate that these unusual methyl-branched alcohols are characteristic of lepidopteran pupae.
An iterative scheme for determining sea surface temperatures, temperature profiles, and humidity profiles from satellite‐measured infrared data

Methods are developed for determining sea surface temperatures, temperature profiles, and humidity profiles from infrared data as obtained from satellites. Temperature profiles are corrected directly according to the ratio of the ‘measured’ to the calculated radiance, whereas humidity profiles are corrected inversely according to the ratio of these radiances. In addition, ratios of measured and calculated radiances are amplified by small gain factors to reduce the computing time. An iterative scheme for determining successively sea surface temperature, temperature profile, humidity profile, back to sea surface temperature, and so on is also discussed.
Cathepsin K Deficiency Reduces Elastase Perfusion–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Objective— Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian elastases. We have previously shown increased expression of CatK in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions. Whether this protease participates directly in AAA formation, however, remains unknown. Methods and Results— Mouse experimental AAA was induced with aortic perfusion of a porcine pancreatic elastase. Using this experimental model, we demonstrated that absence of CatK prevented AAA formation in mice 14 days postperfusion. CatK deficiency significantly reduced lesion CD4 + T-cell content, total lesion and medial cell proliferation and apoptosis, medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss, elastinolytic CatL and CatS expression, and elastin fragmentation, but it did not affect AAA lesion Mac-3 + macrophage accumulation or CD31 + microvessel numbers. In vitro studies revealed that CatK contributed importantly to CD4 + T-cell proliferation, SMC apoptosis, and other cysteinyl cathepsin and matrix metalloproteinase expression and activities in SMCs and endothelial cells but played negligible roles in microvessel growth and monocyte migration. AAA lesions from CatK-deficient mice showed reduced elastinolytic cathepsin activities compared with those from wild-type control mice. Conclusion— This study demonstrates that CatK plays an essential role in AAA formation by promoting T-cell proliferation, vascular SMC apoptosis, and elastin degradation and by affecting vascular cell protease expression and activities.