cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibody-based treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia

Monoclonal antibodies have become an important treatment modality in cancer therapy. Genetically engineered chimaeric and humanised antibodies have demonstrated activity against a variety of tumours. Whereas the humanised anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody HuM195 has only modest activity against overt acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), it can eliminate minimal residual disease detectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. High-dose radioimmunotherapy with β-particle-emitting isotopes targeting CD33, CD45 and CD66 can potentially allow intensification of antileukaemic therapy before bone marrow transplantation. Conversely, α-particle immunotherapy with isotopes such as bismuth-213 or actinium-225 offers the possibility of selective tumour cell kill while sparing surrounding normal cells. Targeted chemotherapy with the anti-CD33–calicheamicin construct gemtuzumab ozogamicin has produced remissions as a single agent in patients with relapsed AML and appears promising ...
Electron Spin and Its History

The history of electron spin is summarized. Topics include the discovery of electron spin, the birth of quantum electrodynamics, the invention of magnetic resonance, the invention of renormalization, the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron in experiment and theory, and searches for the electron electric dipole moment.
Permissiveness in the learning and development of song syntax in swamp sparrows.

Vocal learning in swamp sparrows, Melospiza georgiana, is subject to a host of sensory and motor limitations. One such limitation is that young swamp sparrows almost invariably crystallize their songs with a simple trilled syntax, irrespective of the syntax of vocal models from which they learn. A striking exception to this pattern was recently identified by Podos (1996, Animal Behaviour, 51, 1061‐1070), who found that large-scale organizational changes in vocal syntax, including the production of an intermittent or ‘broken’ syntax, were produced when birds faced limits on vocal performance capacities during motor ontogeny. Our goal in the present study was to determine whether song models with broken syntax could serve as suitable training models for young swamp sparrows, and, if so, if broken syntax could be faithfully reproduced. We hand-reared 10 male swamp sparrows and exposed them to control, rapid and broken song models. Control song models were copied with a high degree of accuracy, as in previous studies. Rapid song models were copied with deficiencies that suggested performance limits on vocal production; such deficiencies included the production of songs with broken syntax and the production of songs in which notes were dropped out as songs progressed. Broken songs proved suitable as training models. Furthermore, copies of broken song models were crystallized either with normal or with broken syntax. These data identify an unexpected direction of permissiveness in the types of songs swamp sparrows will memorize and accurately reproduce, and also point to a possible proximate basis for syntactical changes in the evolution of sparrow songs. © 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Congenitally Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava Without Other Features of the Heterotaxy Syndrome: Report of Five Cases and Characterization of a Rare Entity

Congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) due to absence of its hepatic segment is usually found in patients with polysplenia. The occurrence without other features of the heterotaxy syndrome is rare, and the frequency of associated additional vascular and cardiac anomalies in these patients is not well known. We reviewed the literature and present 5 of our own patients to characterize this entity. All but 1 of the 67 known cases had visceroatrial situs solitus. There was 1 patient with interruption of the IVC in complete situs inversus. The interrupted IVC typically continued via the azygos system into the superior vena cava, but there were 4 cases without a direct connection between the infrahepatic IVC and the azygos system. Additional venous abnormalities or cardiac malformations were present in 47.8% and 31.4%, respectively. In contrast to the classical heterotaxy syndrome, heart defects with interrupted IVC and normal situs did not involve inversion of cardiac segments. The diagnosis can readily be made by echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Failure to recognize this anomaly can result in various problems during invasive medical or surgical procedures. In our own patients, interventional procedures failed, necessitating an operation in all 5 cases. Careful analysis of systemic venous drainage should be performed in all patients prior to cardiac catheterization, pacemaker implantation, or surgery, even if the visceroatrial situs is normal.
Al K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) study on the coordination structure of aluminum in minerals and Y zeolites

Curved-wave−multiple-scattering cluster calculations with the FEFF6 code were used to interpret experimental AlK-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of various minerals and Y zeolites for energies ∼15 eV above threshold. Octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar geometries of Al can be easily distinguished from each other utilizing characteristic features in the NEXAFS data. NEXAFS line shapes are used for determining the geometrical conformations of Al atoms in Y zeolites with one or more conformational geometries. In the H−Y zeolite, separate contributions to the NEXAFS from tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Al atoms are identified. The differences in the octahedrally coordinated Al spectra in the H−Y zeolite compared with spectra for standard octahedrally coordinated Al compounds can be attributed to the presence of very small nonregular clusters of octahedrally coordinated Al dispersed over the zeolite. However, the presence of some pentacoordinated Al cannot be e...
A comparison of algorithms for teams of robots

The effective use of teams of robots to accomplish large tasks is an important goal of robotic research.. An important part of achieving this is to understand the trade-offs between various approaches to team organizations and communications. The goal of our research was to understand and compare, in a real-world environment, the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of common approaches to multiple-robot algorithms. We have built a robot simulation environment. The behavior of our simulated environment is validated by comparison with the behavior of our real robots. We have used the standard search-and-tag problem for our initial investigation in which a number of targets that must be located in an unstructured environment. A group of robots explore the environment and report the location of the targets. The efficiency of the approaches is compared in terms of time required to locate the first target and the average time to locate the targets that were found. Our initial experiments revealed interference among the robots, the targets and the obstacles. The effect of this interference was larger than expected
New and emerging factors in tumorigenesis: an overview

This article provides an overview of the genes and cellular processes that have emerged recently as new key factors in tumorigenesis. We review these in the context of three broad categories. First, genome-scale sequencing studies have revealed a set of frequently mutated genes in cancer. Genes that are mutated in >5% of all cancers across tissue types are discussed, with a highlighted focus on the two most frequently mutated genes, TP53 and PIK3CA. Second, the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy are reviewed. These include acquired resistance under targeted therapy selection owing to mutations and amplification of genes in the same or parallel signaling pathways. Importantly, sequencing of primary tumors has revealed that therapy-resistant clones already exist prior to targeted therapy, demonstrating that tumor heterogeneity in primary tumors confers a mechanism for inherent therapy resistance. Third, “metastasis-specific genes”, or rather lack thereof, are discussed. While many genes have been shown to be capable of promoting metastasis in experimental systems, no common genetic alterations have been identified specific to metastatic lesions. Rather, the same gene mutations frequently found in primary tumors are also found prevalent in metastases, suggesting that the genes that drive tumorigenesis may also drive metastasis. In this light, an emerging view of metastatic progression is discussed. Collectively, these recent advances in cancer research have refined our knowledge on cancer etiology and progression but also present challenges that will require innovative new approaches to treat and manage cancer.
Whole body nonrigid CT-PET registration using weighted demons

We present a new registration method for whole-body rat computed tomography (CT) image and positron emission tomography (PET) images using a weighted demons algorithm. The CT and PET images are acquired in separate scanners at different times and the inherent differences in the imaging protocols produced significant nonrigid changes between the two acquisitions in addition to heterogeneous image characteristics. In this situation, we utilized both the transmission-PET and the emission-PET images in the deformable registration process emphasizing particular regions of the moving transmission-PET image using the emission-PET image. We validated our results with nine rat image sets using M-Hausdorff distance similarity measure. We demonstrate improved performance compared to standard methods such as Demons and normalized mutual information-based non-rigid FFD registration.
Demonstration of a silicon Raman laser

We report the demonstration of the first silicon Raman laser. Experimentally, pulsed Raman laser emission at 1675 nm with 25 MHz repetition rate is demonstrated using a silicon waveguide as the gain medium. The laser has a clear threshold at 9 W peak pump pulse power and a slope efficiency of 8.5%.
Attention and learning in the connected classroom

Increasingly, students are spending a large percentage of their time connected to the internet (in and out of the physical classroom), and instructors are using online tools to disseminate course information and administer assessment of student understanding. In fact, homework assignments are often completed on students' personal laptops while they're connected to the internet. Traditionally, the course instructor directed student attention to relevant material during lecture. Increasingly, students self-navigate to course material online, and, as a result, they must resist distracting elements such as advertisements, social networking invitations, entertainment sites and contentheavy web pages. Staying focused on academic tasks while online must be difficult for today's student; and almost impossible for students with ADD/ADHD. This paper describes a preliminary study of the impact of online learning on student productivity, part of an ongoing investigation into methods, tools and techniques for improving attention and learning in the connected classroom.
Evaluation of Frame-Based and Event-by-Event Motion-Correction Methods for Awake Monkey Brain PET Imaging

PET imaging of nonhuman primates (NHPs) requires correction of head motion if the subjects are scanned awake and their heads are unrestrained, because the NHPs move their heads faster and more frequently than human subjects. This work focuses on designing and validating 2 motion-correction algorithms for awake NHP brain PET imaging. Methods: Two motion-correction methods were implemented for awake NHP brain PET imaging: multiacquisition frame (MAF) and event-by-event (EBE). Motion data were acquired from an external motion-tracking device. The MAF method divides scan data into short subframes, reconstructs each subframe individually, and registers them to a reference orientation. This method suffers from residual intraframe motion and data loss when motion is large because a minimum frame duration is often required. The EBE method, previously implemented for a human brain scanner and adapted for a small-animal PET scanner in this work, eliminates intraframe motion and should have a best accuracy. We first evaluated the accuracy of both motion-correction methods with moving phantom scans. Both motion-correction methods were then applied to awake NHP brain PET studies with a gamma-aminobutyric acid A-benzodiazepine receptor ligand, 11 Cflumazenil, and the reconstructed images were compared with those from a motion-free anesthetized study. Results: The phantom studies showed that EBE motion correction recovers the contrast (within 3%) similarly to the static study, whereas MAF motion correction using the standard algorithm setting showed a 25% reduction in contrast from the static case. In awake NHP brain PET imaging, EBE motion correction better recovers the fine structures than the MAF method, as compared with anesthetized studies. Conclusion: The large magnitude and frequency of NHP head motion suggests that EBE motion correction with accurate externally measured motion data can noticeably alleviate image blurring due to the intraframe motion in the MAF motion-correction method.
Resisting Colonial Mastery: Becoming Animal, Becoming Ethical in The Impressionist

Theories about Third Space or “in-betweeness” often lack an ethics that responds to the position of the majority of those people who experience the violence of colonialism, as Amar Acheraiou argues. How can we think hybridity with a more committed ethics? Hari Kunzru’s The Impressionist suggests that much of the violence experienced by humans and animals under dominant or colonial thought stems from a traditional view of subjectivity as fixed, stable, knowable, distinct and perhaps independent from the nonhuman. Colonial logic sacrifices and views as “disposable” those regarded as not human or somehow less than human through a sense of mastery and in order to maintain a stable notion of subjectivity, an exclusionary definition of Man, and a particular hierarchy or ordering of the world. This article argues that The Impressionist portrays subjectivity not as fixed but in process after Deleuze and Guattari’s “becoming animal” as a way to challenge dominant thinking, while also emphasizing the nonhuman nature of subjectivity and human dependence on the nonhuman, including the environment, for existence. The Impressionist offers an important corrective to concepts of hybridity by emphasizing that those humans and nonhumans regarded as “disposable” demand ethical response.
The swallowing disorder in myotonia dystrophica

Summary The motor function of the pharynx and esophagus was studied in 12 patients with myotonia dystrophica. All 12 patients had diminished peristaltic amplitude in the pharynx and upper esophagus with diminished resting tone in the upper esophageal sphincter. In addition, 10 of the 12 patients showed diminished peristaltic amplitude in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus. This study suggests that smooth as well as striated muscle of the upper alimentary tract may be involved in this disorder.
Harassment of Older Adults in the Workplace

This chapter reviews research on harassment of older adults in the workplace and highlights results from my recent study of harassment of older workers in Maine. I suggest that the power that older people hold at work, at home, and in their communities shapes their workplace harassment experiences. Based on a survey of nearly 200 Maine workers aged 62 and above, four questions framed the study: (1) What is the content of older workers’ harassment experiences?; (2) Which older workers are most likely to become targets of workplace harassment?; (3) How do older workers respond to potentially harassing behaviors?; and (4) What do older workers have to say about their workplace experiences? I find that workplace isolation is one of the most common harassment experiences among older workers, that gender differences are less prominent than anticipated, and that many older workers remain silent about their harassment experiences. I conclude by considering what these findings suggest about improving older people’s workplace experiences.
Medical professionalism and the American College of Cardiology: a renewed commitment.

![Figure][1] More than a decade ago, on February 5, 2002, precisely, a document was published that was the result of a project undertaken by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine Foundation, and the
A Systematization of the Defense Modes for Structural Analysis

Previous classifications of the defense mechanisms are described. A new classification is presented in which defense mechanisms are replaced by pairs of coping modes and defense modes within a matr...
Electrodynamic Displacement of Atomic Energy Levels. II. Lamb Shift

The vacuum fluctuations of the photon and pair fields modify the interaction of an electron with an electromagnetic field. The effects on the energy levels are conveniently described in terms of the mass operator and the vacuum polarization potential. An operator calculus for handling the mass operator is used to separate the contribution of low energy quanta, for which the external electromagnetic field may not be treated as weak. The remainder is given as a power series in the field. The additional displacement of order $Z\ensuremath{\alpha}$ with respect to the published values for the Lamb shift is calculated by specializing the external field to the Coulomb field of the nucleus and by taking the matrix element of the operators in an $S$-state of a hydrogen-like atom. It is found that the $\mathrm{nS}$-level is raised by $\frac{{Z}^{5}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{4}}{{n}^{3}}\mathrm{Ry}\left(1+\frac{11}{128}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{ln}2+\frac{5}{192}\right).$ The theoretical value for the Lamb shift of an atom with infinitely heavy nucleus becomes 1058.42 Mc/sec. Effects of finite nuclear mass and size change this value to 1057.8 Mc/sec and 1058.9 Mc/sec for hydrogen and deuterium, respectively.
Understanding the Metal-Directed Growth of Single-Crystal M-TCNQF4 Organic Nanowires with Time-Resolved, in Situ X-ray Diffraction and First-Principles Theoretical Studies

The deterministic growth of oriented crystalline organic nanowires (CONs) from the vapor–solid chemical reaction (VSCR) between small-molecule reactants and metal nanoparticles has been demonstrated in several studies to date; however, the growth mechanism has not yet been conclusively understood. Here, the VSCR growth of M-TCNQF4 (where M is Cu- or Ag-) nanowires is investigated both experimentally and theoretically with time-resolved, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and first-principles atomistic calculations, respectively, to understand how metals (M) direct the assembly of small molecules into CONs, and what determines the selectivity of a metal for an organic vapor reactant in the growth process. Analysis of the real-time growth kinetics data using a modified Avrami model indicates that the formation of CONs from VSCR follows a one-dimensional ion diffusion-controlled tip growth mechanism wherein metal ions diffuse from a metal film through the nanowire to its tip where they react with small molecule...
Distortions, infrastructure, and female labor supply in developing countries

Abstract In this paper I document cross-country gaps between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and GDP per worker. The gaps are driven mostly by a lower female labor force participation (LFP) in developing countries. Females began to participate more in the labor markets of these countries when more households acquired access to basic infrastructure and when distortive policies affecting the prices of household appliances were partially removed. I use a model of home production with endogenous labor force participation to account for these facts. I find that the prices of household appliances and access to infrastructure are quantitatively important in explaining cross-country labor supply differences.
Permissive role of prostacyclin in cerebral vasodilation to hypercapnia in newborn pigs

Hypercapnic cerebral vasodilation in piglets is accompanied by increased cerebral prostanoid synthesis. Interventions that prevent the increased prostanoids also interfere with the vasodilation. However, the increased prostanoids may not produce vasodilation directly; instead, they may allow or enhance function of another mechanism. The present experiments examined the hypothesis that prostacyclin can allow, but may not directly produce, cerebral vasodilation to hypercapnia. Chloralose-anesthetized piglets were equipped with closed cranial windows for measurements of pial arteriolar diameters. Hypercapnia (arterial CO2 partial pressure approximately 70 mmHg) was administered before and after indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv) in all animals. Then artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) under the cranial window was replaced for the remainder of the experiment with aCSF containing vehicle, carbaprostacyclin (60 pM), iloprost (1 pM), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 1.7 and 3.3 nM), isoproterenol (10 and 100 nM), or sodium nitroprusside (1 microM), and hypercapnia was repeated. The two prostacyclin receptor agonists restored cerebral vasodilation to hypercapnia that had been blocked by indomethacin (to 92 +/- 31% and 76 +/- 11% of the before-indomethacin dilation for carbaprostacyclin and iloprost, respectively.) The highest dose of PGE2 partially restored the dilation (43 +/- 7% of the pre-indomethacin response). In contrast, neither isoproterenol nor sodium nitroprusside permitted significant dilation to hypercapnia following indomethacin treatment. These data indicate that prostacyclin can allow hypercapnic vasodilation to occur, but increasing levels do not appear to be necessary to cause the dilation directly. The short half-life of prostacyclin may explain why active prostanoid synthesis appears to be necessary for hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in newborn pigs.
Genomic Structure of the Mouse δ Opioid Receptor Gene

Using mouse delta opioid receptor (DOR) cDNA sequence to probe genomic libraries in bacteriophage lambda and P1 vectors, clones traversing the entire DOR coding sequence and 5' and 3' flanking regions were isolate. Genomic sequence encoding mature DOR message, including 5' and 3' untranslated sequence, is divided by two introns of 26 kb and 3 kb, resulting in the gene occupying 32 kb of chromosomal DNA. Multiple putative transcription initiation sites were located, by RNase protection assay, in TATA-less G+C rich sequence between 390 and 140 nucleotides upstream from the ATG translation start codon. A polyadenylation site was located 1.24 kb downstream from the TGA translation stop codon. Examination of 1.3 kb of 5'flanking sequence revealed potential binding sites for several known transcription factors including: Sp1, Ap-2, NF-kappa B, NF-IL6, and NGFI-B.
Predicting Membrane Protein Structure

The transmembrane segments of a membrane protein may be predicted from a membrane propensity profile of its amino acid sequence, in which the amino acids are represented by their frequencies of occurrence in a number of putative transmembrane segments. When this sequence has been smoothed by a running average function, the transmembrane segments appear as extended, positive peaks. In an application of this technique to a pool of ten previously studied membrane proteins, the predicted intra- and extra- membrane structures agreed 93.6% on a residue-by-residue basis with the previously suggested structures. This algorithm has been applied to predict the transmembrane segments in subunits I, II, III, IV, V, VIa, VII, VIIIa, and VIIIb of bovine cytochrome c oxidase and has also been used as a tool for studying structural homology between different species cytochrome oxidase subunit I.
Preparing Preservice Elementary Teachers to Teach About Financial Literacy: Towards a Broader Conception

This chapter describes a research project that compared the beginning and ending semester attitudes towards financial literacy of enrollees in four sections of a social studies methods course at a large public institution of higher learning in the Midwestern United States. Two of the sections (treatment) related financial literacy to the various social studies areas throughout the semester, interpreted financial literacy as a topic that related to social justice and required elements of social stewardship in practice. The other two sections learned the content conventionally, not focusing on financial literacy though providing attention to each of the main social studies themes. The research found that those who learned about financial literacy throughout the course expressed more confidence teaching about the subject, realized a stronger moral or social awareness with the topic, considered the topic as less controversial, and viewed children of younger ages as mature enough to discuss related social and moral issues. They also related financial literacy more to planning concerns and less with investments and money management. The results bring attention to the importance of both the need to teach preservice elementary teachers about financial literacy, and the importance of defining the nature of financial literacy that they learn.
“We’ll call you when the results are in”: Preferences for how medical test results are delivered

Abstract Objective Whether healthy or sick, adults undergo frequent medical testing; however, no guidelines currently exist as to how patients are informed of their medical test results. This short report provides an initial look at how healthcare professionals deliver medical test results and patient preferences regarding these procedures. Methods We specifically focus on two options for delivery of results: (1) open-ended timing, in which patients are contacted without warning when test results become available; or (2) closed-ended timing, in which patients are provided with a specific day and time when they will learn their test results. Participants who underwent a recent medical test indicated which delivery method their healthcare professional provided and their preferred method. Results Findings demonstrate a large discrepancy between actual and preferred timing, stemming from a general trend towards providing open-ended timing, whereas patient preferences were evenly split between the two options. Conclusion This study provides a first step in understanding the merits of two options for delivering medical test results to patients and suggests an opportunity to improve patient care. Practice implications The findings from this study provide first steps toward the development of guidelines for delivering test results in ways that maximize the quality of patient care.
Digging for perfection: discourse of deformity in Richard III’s excavation

Shakespeare’s Richard III, the archetypal world-infamous villain, has long served as an informative case study for the tendency of humanity to categorize the non-normative and surprising as repulsive. This article considers the ways in which the public spectacle of excavation of Richard III’s skeleton in Leicester harnessed Shakespeare’s cultural capital to address contemporary anxieties with non-normative bodies. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
Potential energy savings from deployment of Dynamic Insulation Materials for US residential buildings

Abstract This paper presents a summary of the results obtained from a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the potential energy savings associated with replacing traditional, static insulation with Dynamic Insulation Materials (DIMs) for US residential buildings. In order to determine the effectiveness of DIMs to reduce heating and cooling energy use, two different control schemes are investigated: 1) using temperature sensors and the measured temperature profile to trigger the switching mechanism, 2) seasonal control based on climate and weather trends. The performance of DIMs varied significantly by climate, with total energy savings ranging from 7% to 42%.
Immunity, hormones, and life history trade-offs

Immunity is an integral part of organismal life histories because it is crucial for maximizing evolutionary fitness, and because it is energetically expensive to develop, maintain, and activate. This chapter orients the reader to the roles of immunity in human life history trade-offs, and specifically the utility of sex hormones in mediating variation in immunity. Hormones are central mechanisms that contribute to the onset and timing of key life history events, fine-tune the optimal allocation of time and energy between competing functions, and in general modulate phenotypic development and variation. Here we describe the roles of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol in moderating immunocompetence from a life history perspective, illustrating how correlated changes in immunity and gonadal function reflect the manifold interactions between these two systems. The immunomodulatory actions of these hormones are complex and varied, and we attempt to provide explanations for this variation from the literature. Although our evidence comes from clinical medicine, our basic prediction is derived from life history theory: altering the hormonal milieu may result in differential susceptibility to both infectious and chronic diseases. Furthermore, the immunological costs associated with hormone supplementation are worthy of greater consideration by both clinical practitioners and evolutionary ecologists alike.
The Ethics of Hostility

In this article I engage with Peter French’s defense, in The Virtues of Vengeance, of the view that hostility is sometimes morally appropriate. In light of our current intellectual climate (which I briefly describe herein) French’s position is truly courageous. While I agree with French’s position, I wish to suggest that it faces an interesting dilemma. Either French has not really distinguished vengeance from punishment (and in such a case, some of his views on vengeance would need to be revised), or he would have to admit that vengeance is really not as virtuous as he makes it appear. For one characteristic of the avenger, as opposed to the punisher, is a certain imperviousness as to the reality and the significance of the suffering that she inflicts – and it is hard to see this indolence of sorts as a virtue.
Age Structure and Neighborhood Homicide: Testing and Extending the Differential Institutional Engagement Hypothesis:

We examine the empirical applicability of differential institutional engagement in explaining the youth age structure effect on neighborhood homicide. Using the National Neighborhood Crime Study and Census data, we conduct a multilevel spatial analysis of homicides in 8,307 census tracts. We find support for three indicators of differential institutional engagement (disengaged youth, educational engagement, employment engagement). An additional dimension of institutional engagement (familial engagement) operates in the expected direction but is not statistically significant. We argue that previous cross-sectional studies reporting a null or negative relationship between percentage of young and homicide are due to omitting measures of institutional youth (dis)engagement.
Sex and SES differences in reports of parental involvement in different interaction areas with Iranian adolescents.

To investigate perceptions of differential and joint parental role enactment reports of parental involvement in certain areas of interaction or indices of these areas were obtained from 732 Iranian senior high school students. Data were collected and analyzed in cross-classification by sex parental education family ownership of modern goods and overall family socioeconomic status index. Results indicated that: 1) mothers were reported as enacting more supportive-nurturant roles considered here as manifestations of referent power within the family; 2) fathers were reported to be more involved in coercive-authoritarian power exertions; 3) while there were indications of greater same-sex parent-adolescent interaction culturally defined differential parental role requirements also prevailed; and 4) there were consistent although not statistically significant effects of parental education and SES background indicating that greater "differential" parental involvement was reported by low rather than high SES respondents. Results were generally interpreted in the framework of French and Ravens theory of power. It is concluded that application of both refined power frameworks and cross-cultural insights negate the assumption that women in the Iranian family are powerless. (authors)
CHAPTER 11 – Metal Ions Bound to Proteins

This chapter discusses the importance of metal ions in the structure and function of many proteins. In the early structural studies of hemoglobin and myoglobin, the iron atom was found at a site that indicated a semicovalent bond between it and a histidine side chain. The chapter points out that the metal ions played an important role in protein crystallography and then highlights that a metal site is identified in an electron density map of a crystalline protein. Further, the coordination of metals in proteins is described. The functional reasons for metal ion binding are listed in the chapter followed by an example of a metal ion providing a conformational function. Metalloproteins used for transport and storage are also discussed. A number of proteins bind metal ions either to transport them through physiological media or to store the metal ion for later use by the organism. Metalloproteins as redox intermediates are describes in detail. The chapter further provides information on metalloproteins that bind oxygen, and that serve a catalytic function. Metalloproteins are commonplace in biological systems. The metal sites are generally preformed in the folded protein. When analyzing a metal site within a known protein structure, the coordinates are used to obtain the coordination number and geometry.
Invited paper: Low power requirements and side-channel protection of encryption engines: Challenges and opportunities

Power attack is a critical challenge to security of encryption engines. Countermeasures to side-channel attacks often come at high power, area, or performance overhead. Therefore, design of side-channel secure encryption engines is a critical challenge for power-/resource-constrained platforms. This paper discusses that although low-power need imposes critical challenge for side-channel security, but circuit techniques traditionally developed for power management also present new opportunities for side-channel resistance. As a case-study, we show the feasibility of using integrated voltage regulator, normally used for efficient power management, for increasing side-channel resistance of AES engines.
Scattering characteristics of relativistically moving concentrically layered spheres

Abstract The energy extinction cross section of a concentrically layered sphere varies with velocity as the Doppler shift moves the spectral content of the incident signal in the sphere's co-moving inertial reference frame toward or away from resonances of the sphere. Computations for hollow gold nanospheres show that the energy extinction cross section is high when the Doppler shift moves the incident signal's spectral content in the co-moving frame near the wavelength of the sphere's localized surface plasmon resonance. The energy extinction cross section of a three-layer sphere consisting of an olivine-silicate core surrounded by a porous and a magnetite layer, which is used to explain extinction caused by interstellar dust, also depends strongly on velocity. For this sphere, computations show that the energy extinction cross section is high when the Doppler shift moves the spectral content of the incident signal near either of olivine-silicate's two localized surface phonon resonances at 9.7 μm and 18 μm.
Performance, workload, and usability in a multiscreen, multi-device, information-rich environment

Potential benefits of multiscreen and multiple device environments were assessed using three different computing environments. A single factor, within-subject study was conducted with 18 engineering students in a laboratory experiment. Three levels for the computing environment factor included one with a desktop computer with a single monitor (control, condition A); one with a desktop with dual monitors, as well as a single tablet computer (condition B); and one with a desktop with a single monitor, as well as two tablet computers (condition C). There was no statistically significant difference in efficiency or workload when completing scenarios for the three computing environments. However, a dual monitor desktop with a single tablet computer (B) was the ideal computing environment for the information-rich engineering problem given to participants, supported by significantly fewer errors compared to condition C and significantly higher usability ratings compared to conditions A and C. A single desktop monitor with two tablet computers (C) did not provide any advantage compared to a single desktop monitor (A).
Garden Series. Green Burial Robe Halfscale Prototype

My scholarship with natural dyes is merging with textile and apparel design for green burials. I was introduced to green burial garments while participating in the Halfscale Forum for Creative Patternmaking initiated through Cornell University. Thus, this green burial design addressed the Halfscale theme Inversion, of viewing the body and patternmaking from atypical points of departure. I elected to design from the back, supine position wrapping the fabric around the body and limbs using gathers on slits, ties, lacings, and casings to secure the shape using seams minimally. The fabrics were dyed and printed with local garden plants through solar bundling and plant pounding.
Nosographic identification and management of pediatric craniovertebral junction anomalies: evolution of concepts and modalities of treatment.

The clinical significance of abnormalities of the craniocervical junction has gained tremendous momentum with the increasing interest in the area as a result of better neurodiagnostic imaging. Abnormalities of the bone, soft tissue, and neural structures are easily recognized and there is a better understanding of the biomechanics of this complex region as well as the embryology. A database of symptomatic patients, children, and adults with neurological symptoms and signs secondary to abnormalities at the craniocervical junction have been evaluated by the author at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. This large database comprises 6,000 patients and provides a better awareness of the natural history of abnormalities as well as diseases affecting this area.
Plenary lecture 7: spectral element solution of Klein-Gordon equation on infinite channel with high-order boundary treatment

A spectral element (SE) method is propsed for solution of the linearized Euler equations. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B (see Figure 1) and a high-order Non-Reflecting Boundary Condition (NRBC) is developed and applied on B The new NRBC does not involve any high dervatives, but its order of accuracy is as high as one desires. It invilves some parameters which are chosen automatically as a pre-process. A C° semi-discrete FE formulation incorporating this NRBC is constructed for the problem in the finite domain bounded by B. A numerical example concerning the propagation of a pressure pulse is used to demonstrate the performance of the new method.
Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of cord blood as an alternate source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation as compared to bone marrow transplantation (BMT). BMT is a curative treatment for patients suffering from genetic diseases, some cancers, or aplastic anemia. However, only 30% of the patients are lucky enough to find a family donor for bone marrow. The other 70% have to rely on unrelated donors for BMT; only 25% of them find one. The rest of the 50% patients have to look for alternative source of stem cells. For them, cord blood stem could be a solution. Cord blood has been found to have high content of marrow stem cells. Forty-four related matched and mismatched cord-blood transplants—reported to the International Cord Blood Transplant Registry—and 78 transplants from European Centers have been performed for malignant and nonmalignant diseases in patients ranging in age from 0.2 to 20 years. The chapter presents the advantages and disadvantages of cord blood stem-cell transplantation. The chapter concludes with the fact that the use of unrelated cord blood has outstripped that of related cord blood. Unrelated cord blood banks are now widely established and offer a new source of stem cells.
Structural features for predicting the linguistic quality of text: applications to machine translation, automatic summarization and human-authored text

Sentence structure is considered to be an important component of the overall linguistic quality of text. Yet few empirical studies have sought to characterize how and to what extent structural features determine fluency and linguistic quality. We report the results of experiments on the predictive power of syntactic phrasing statistics and other structural features for these aspects of text. Manual assessments of sentence fluency for machine translation evaluation and text quality for summarization evaluation are used as gold-standard. We find that many structural features related to phrase length are weakly but significantly correlated with fluency and classifiers based on the entire suite of structural features can achieve high accuracy in pairwise comparison of sentence fluency and in distinguishing machine translations from human translations. We also test the hypothesis that the learned models capture general fluency properties applicable to human-authored text. The results from our experiments do not support the hypothesis. At the same time structural features and models based on them prove to be robust for automatic evaluation of the linguistic quality of multidocument summaries.
Steroid tapering for patients with spinal cord compression or symptomatic brain metastases at Jackson Memorial Hospital.

238Background: Metastases to the spinal column and brain for patients with cancer are common occurrences seen in oncology practices. Steroids play a critical role in symptom management upon patient...
Incoming Interns Perceived Preparedness for Core Entrustable Professional Activities.

The AAMC described 13 core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for which every graduating medical student should perform proficiently on day 1 of residency. We studied how prepared starting interns felt in the core EPAs. Interns from a diverse health system were surveyed on how well medical school prepared them in the 13 core EPAs. Data were collected on type of medical school, participation in an acting/sub-internship (AI/SI), knowledge of EPAs, and participation in an EPA experience. We collected 224 surveys out of 384 (58%) interns. 61.2% attended allopathic, 14.6% attended osteopathic, and 24.2% attended international schools. 67% had not heard of EPAs. 29% had an EPA experience of which 82% were required. 80% or more felt prepared in all EPAs except orders (60.7%) and handovers (73%). Allopathic interns were significantly more likely to have heard of EPAs and participated in an EPA experience than international. Allopathic interns felt more prepared than international in oral presentations and evidence-based medicine. Interns who participated in an EPA experience felt more prepared for oral presentation and evidence-based medicine. There were small but significant differences in feeling prepared in certain EPAs and types of AI/SI taken. The majority of interns entering residency have not heard of EPAs with fewer than 1/3 of interns participating in an EPA experience. International graduates were less likely to be aware or have experience with EPAs and report being less prepared in oral presentation and evidence-based medicine compared to allopathic graduates.
A low percentage of metastases in deep brain and temporal lobe structures.

BACKGROUND Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases (BM) is associated with neurocognitive decline. Given its crucial role in learning and memory, efforts to mitigate this toxicity have mostly focused on sparing radiation to the hippocampus. We hypothesized that BM are not evenly distributed across the brain and that several additional areas may be avoided in WBRT based on a low risk of developing BM. METHODS We contoured 2757 lesions in a large, single-institution database of patients with newly diagnosed BM. BM centroids were mapped onto a standard brain atlas of 55 anatomic subunits and the observed percentage of BM was compared with what would be expected based on that region's volume. A region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed in a validation cohort of patients from 2 independent institutions using equivalence and one-sample hypothesis tests. RESULTS The brainstem and bilateral thalami, hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri, amygdala, and temporal poles had a cumulative risk of harboring a BM centroid of 4.83% in the initial cohort. This ROI was tested in 157 patients from the validation cohort and was found to have a 4.1% risk of developing BM, which was statistically equivalent between the 2 groups (P < 1 × 10-6, upper bound). CONCLUSION Several critical brain structures are at a low risk of developing BM. A risk-adapted approach to WBRT is worthy of further investigation and may mitigate the toxicities of conventional radiation.
Citizens of the Teaching Commons: The Rise of SoTL among US Professors of the Year, 1981-2015

ABSTRACT From 1981 to 2015, the US Professors of the Year program recognized 101 college and university teachers as national winners in its annual competition for faculty who demonstrated “extraordinary dedication to undergraduate teaching.” Their dossiers provide a window onto the leading edge of teaching and educational leadership over a critical thirty-five years when innovative faculty nationwide sought to engage a more diverse set of students, enliven the teaching repertoires of their fields, develop new media for instruction, and encourage more active learning in their classrooms and beyond. But that is not all. As the pace of pedagogical change picked up, so too did the level of engagement with colleagues both on and beyond campus on educational issues. The roster of national winners has always included authors of text-books and other materials, but as time went on, a growing number were also making their approaches to pedagogical problems public through workshops, conference presentations, and publications. Increasingly engaged in the scholarship of teaching and learning, the US Professors of the Year reflect the emergence of a new view of the nature and source of teaching expertise and of what it means to be a “citizen” of the teaching commons.
Technology Needs Assessment of Medical, Dental, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Students

The type of computer and related equipment used by students, students’ network connection, students’ ability to download plug-ins required to run applications, and students’ ability and/or knowledg...