cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early visual experience affects mate choice of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Experience-dependent development of the nervous system is now recognized among insects, in which its functional significance can be studied readily. Depriving normal Drosophila melanogaster of visual stimulation during their first few days of adult life (‘dar-rearing’) had a dramatic effect on mate choice. Dark-reared males were at a disadvantage when they competed with males reared in alternating light-dark cycles (‘light-rearing’) for light-reared females. Dark-rearing also affected reproductive success when deprived males or females were paired with light-reared flies of the opposite sex; the pairs that had the same rearing histories had higher copulation frequencies and lower copulation latencies than those that did not. Dark-reared males tested with light-reared females under dim red light to reduce the use of visual cues were less successful at copulating than light-reared control males. The effects of dark-rearing thus may not be limited to the visual system.
Strain Rate, Temperature, and Sample Size Effects on Compression and Tensile Properties of Frozen Sand

Abstract Selection of material properties for use in design of frozen earth structures has been a limiting factor for some field applications. In particular, the mechanical properties governing the behavior of a frozen soil structure subjected to bending stresses are of interest. The effects of strain rate, temperature, and sample size on the compressive and tensile properties of frozen silica sand have been determined experimentally using uniaxial compression and split cylinder tests. Data included on the initial tangent modulus, compressive strength, failure strains, and tensile strength help delineate some limitations of available test procedures. Failure modes for various test conditions are described. Data analysis shows that the initial yield stress, the compressive peak strength, and the initial tangent modulus increase with decreasing temperatures and increasing strain rates. Tensile strengths from split cylinder tests appear to be independent of deformation rates. Uniaxial compressive strengths decreased slightly and the initial tangent modulus increased with increasing sample diameter (constant length to diameter ratio). Deformation and failure modes changed from a plastic to a brittle behavior when strain rates were increased from low to high values. Larger failure strains at slower strain rates (more time available) appear to be a result of pressure melting, water migration and refreezing, permitting more particle readjustments before development of the peak strength. Observations on failure strains suggest limiting values for design situations.
Spinal nociceptive transmission in the spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rat

Background and noxious heat-evoked responses of wide-dynamic-range (WDR) and high-threshold (HT) lumbosacral spinal dorsal horn neurons were recorded in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKYs), lifetime captopril-treated SHRs, SHRs with bilateral cervical vagotomy, SHRs with bilateral sino-aortic deafferentation (SAD), and SHRs with either a single or repeated administration of naloxone methobromide (NMB). Stimulus-response functions (SRFs) were generated for neurons using 15 sec of heating of the foot at temperatures ranging from 38 to 52 degrees C. Comparisons were made of neuronal response thresholds, slopes of the SRFs, mean discharge frequency during heat stimulation, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and heart rate (HR). The primary finding was that group mean SRFs for both WDR and HT neurons were shifted in a parallel, rightward fashion in SHRs compared to WKYs. Heat-evoked response thresholds were increased and asymptotic discharge frequencies were decreased in WDR and HT neurons of SHRs compared to WKYs. Analyses of group mean SRFs for WDR and HT neurons of SHRs receiving lifetime captopril treatment indicated they were normalized to the SRFs of WKYs, but detailed comparisons using discharge frequency during heat stimulation revealed that this was due to a statistical averaging effect. Specifically, lifetime captopril-treated SHRs not only showed enhanced neuronal responses to the onset of noxious heat but also enhanced adaptation of neuronal responses with continued heating compared to WKYs. Bilateral SAD in SHRs significantly increased the total discharge frequency of WDR neurons to heat stimuli between 44 and 52 degrees C, but produced no change in the response threshold for heat-evoked activation of these neurons. A similar effect of SAD was observed in HT neurons of SHRs, but the greater response thresholds of HT neurons precluded detection of any significant effect. Bilateral cervical vagotomy did not affect response thresholds, slopes, or total discharge frequencies of SHRs, although only WDR neurons were studied. SRFs of WDR and HT neurons in SHRs obtained pre- and post-administration of a single dose of NMB did not differ. However, repeated administration of NMB in SHRs resulted in a parallel, leftward shift in SRFs of both WDR and HT neurons. In all strains and treatments studied, there were no significant differences in background activities of these neurons that might contribute to the observed outcomes. In conclusion, the hypoalgesia reported in human essential hypertensives and animals with chronic hypertension may be due to a significant attenuation in spinal nociceptive transmission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase of rat tissue.

1. 1. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UDP-glucose:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.22) from rat liver was purified over 200-fold, and some of its properties were elucidated. 2. 2. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.9; the Km is 0.023 mM for UDP-glucose and 0.081 mM for NAD+. 3. 3. The reaction product, UDP-glucuronic acid, is a relatively weak competitor of UDP-glucose. Inhibition by UDP-xylose is much more pronounced. 4. 4. Experiments with radioactive UDP-glucuronic acid demonstrate that the reaction cannot be reversed at pH 8.9 or 7.0. 5. 5. The enzyme was also purified from rat skin.
Utilization of DDT Resistance as a Means of Investigating the Possible Existence of Host-Specific Strains of the Boll worm, Heliothis zea

Research was conducted utilizing DDT resistance as a criterion for studying the possible existence of host specific strains of the boll worm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). Bollworm larvae were collected from several hosts growing in representative cotton-producing areas of Louisiana and the response of their laboratory-reared progeny to DDT was determined by the topical application technique. It was found that within the same representative area, progeny of populations taken from hosts having a previous history of very limited insecticide treatment responded essentially the same to DDT as progeny of populations associated with cotton having a long history of intensive insecticide treatment. DDT resistance in boll worm populations tended to be associated with areas rather than hosts, indicating that host-specific strains probably do not exist in Louisiana.
Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Promotes Enhanced Viral Egress by Preventing Ebola VP40 From Associating With the Host Restriction Factor BST2/Tetherin

Background BST2/tetherin is an innate immune molecule with the unique ability to restrict the egress of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV). Coincident with this discovery was the finding that the HIV Vpu protein down-regulates BST2 from the cell surface, thereby promoting viral release. Evidence suggests that the EBOV envelope glycoprotein (GP) also counteracts BST2, although the mechanism is unclear. Results We find that total levels of BST2 remain unchanged in the presence of GP, whereas surface BST2 is significantly reduced. GP is known to sterically mask surface receptors via its mucin domain. Our evaluation of mutant GP molecules indicate that masking of BST2 by GP is probably responsible for the apparent surface BST2 down-regulation; however, this masking does not explain the observed virus-like particle egress enhancement. We discovered that VP40 coimmunoprecipitates and colocalizes with BST2 in the absence but not in the presence of GP. Conclusions These results suggest that GP may overcome the BST2 restriction by blocking an interaction between VP40 and BST2. Furthermore, we have observed that GP may enhance BST2 incorporation into virus-like particles. Understanding this novel EBOV immune evasion strategy will provide valuable insights into the pathogenicity of this deadly pathogen.
Cloud computing performance benchmarking and virtual machine launch time

This research is to study the performance of cloud computing platforms in the perspective of information technology (IT) management. Two separate test clouds of Eucalyptus and OpenStack were established on identical hardware. The BYTE UNIX benchmark suite was employed to conduct various performance tests on both clouds. While the OpenStack cloud out performed Eucalyptus considerably in the larger size copy test, the Eucalyptus cloud performed better than the OpenStack in the tests of serial excel and serial shell scripts. Scripts were written to compute the amount of time that was needed for the clouds to launch a virtual machine (VM) in two different ways. On average, it took a shorter time to launch a VM instance in both clouds when several VMs were created simultaneously than that when they were created one by one, the results showed a variation with different numbers of VMs that were launched concurrently.
Changes in muscle moment arms following split tendon transfer of tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Moment arms of tibialis anterior (TA) and tibialis posterior (TP) about the subtalar and talocrural joint axes were measured in anatomic specimens both before and after split tendon transfers. These procedures are commonly performed to correct hindfoot varus, a gait deformity that is often seen in patients with cerebral palsy, stroke, and brain injury. Split tendon transfer significantly reduced the inversion moment arms of tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior at all subtalar joint angles except for the most everted position in the case of TA. Changes in subtalar joint moment arms produced by split tendon transfer, especially those seen in TA, were variable, suggesting that the procedure may be susceptible to technical errors, especially related to balancing tensions in the medial and lateral tendon halves. Talocrural joint moment arms of both muscles were preserved following split tendon transfer. This study presents the first measurements of the moment arms of split transferred muscles. These characterizations of the mechanics of split tendon transfer will aid in the planning and assessment of these procedures.
Problems in simulating macromolecular movements

Insufficient sampling of conformational sub-states by current molecular dynamics simulations accounts for deficiencies in representations of the fluctuating interatomic separations in macromolecules.
The myth of suicide prevention.

Abstract Beginning in the 1950's, a movement to prevent suicides grew in the United States. One of the early suicide prevention centers was in Los Angeles, and this center pioneered in research into the psychodynamics and identification of the suicidal individual. The Los Angeles center was funded by NIMH and, in the 1960's, one of the codirectors of the Los Angeles center, Edwin Shneidman, joined NIMH to found a Center For Studies In Suicide Prevention. As a result of the stimulation of the Los Angeles center and the NIMH unit, the suicide prevention movement in the United States has grown immensely. There are now over 200 suicide prevention centers, an American Association of Suicidology with over 500 members, and a thriving unit at NIMH. Yet we are not preventing suicide. The evidence is overwhelming at the present time that this activity in suicide prevention has had very little, if any, effect upon the suicidal behavior of Americans. The present paper will attempt to document the failure of the suicide prevention movement, suggest some reasons for this failure, and evaluate the prospects for suicide prevention in the future. First, we must briefly look at some typical activities of a suicide prevention center.
Identification of Nucleophosmin as an NF-κB Co-activator for the Induction of the Human SOD2 Gene

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an anti-oxidant enzyme essential for the survival of life. We have reported that NF-κB is essential but not sufficient for the synergistic induction of MnSOD by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and cytokines. To further identify transcription factors and co-activators that participate in the induction of MnSOD, we used NF-κB affinity chromatography to isolate potential NF-κB interacting proteins. Proteins eluted from the NF-κB affinity column were subjected to proteomic analysis and verified by Western analysis. Nucleophosmin (NPM), a nucleolar phosphoprotein, is the most abundant single protein identified. Co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest a physical interaction between NPM and NF-κB proteins. To verify the role of NPM on MnSOD gene transcription, cells were transfected with constructs expressing NPM in sense or antisense orientation as well as interference RNA. The results indicate that an increase NPM expression leads to increased MnSOD gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this, expression of small interfering RNA for NPM leads to inhibition of MnSOD gene transcription but does not have any effect on the expression of interleukin-8, suggesting that the effect of NPM is selective. These results identify NPM as a partner of the NF-κB transcription complex in the induction of MnSOD by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and cytokines.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase functions as a major repressor of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin gene expression.

Hypoxia and biological responses to hypoxia are commonly encountered in both normal and pathologic cellular processes. Here we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) plays a major role in regulating the magnitude of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression, thus implicating superoxide as an intermediary signal transduction molecule critical to this process. We found that mice which have the EC-SOD gene inactivated show a marked more than 100-fold elevation in hypoxia-induced Epo gene expression, compared with wild-type controls, which was both dose and time dependent. These mice also showed a significant increase in serum Epo levels after 1 d hypoxia. Interestingly, despite elevated Epo levels, reciprocal changes in hematocrit and reticulocyte counts were not found, suggesting that this newly synthesized Epo lacks functional hematopoietic effects. When EC-SOD was overexpressed in Hep3B cells, we found a significant reduction in Epo gene induction by both CoCl2 (50 μm) and hypo...
Sulfhydryl-mediated redox signaling in inflammation: role in neurodegenerative diseases

Posttranslational modifications of cysteine sulfhydryl (–SH) moieties, e.g., S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, or S-sulfuration, play an important role in cellular response to oxidative stress. Reversible cysteine modifications alter protein function and can play a critical role in redox signal transduction. Perturbation of sulfhydryl homeostasis is a hallmark of many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Besides direct oxidative stress within the neurons, inflammation of the central nervous system as well as the periphery is implicated also in the development and progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, perturbation of redox regulation of key inflammatory mediators is an important component of neurodegenerative diseases. Many proteins involved in inflammation have been shown to undergo S-nitrosylation (–SNO) and/or S-glutathionylation (–SSG) with functional consequences. The mechanistic and functional relationships between these two modifications have yet to be thoroughly investigated. While protein–SNO intermediates in some cases may signal independently of protein–SSG intermediates, the relatively unstable nature of protein–SNO derivatives in the presence of GSH suggests that protein–SNO formation in many cases may serve as a precursor for protein–SSG modifications. In this review, we describe the cysteine modifications of specific inflammation-mediating proteins and their relationship to inflammatory responses such as cytokine and chemokine production. In particular, we consider evidence for sequential protein–SNO → protein–SSG modifications of these proteins. We conclude that cysteine modifications of critical regulatory proteins are likely to play a central role in the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory diseases and thus should be studied thoroughly in this context.
Emotions expressed by leaders in videos predict political aggression

Matsumoto, Hwang, and Frank [2012a. Emotions expressed in speeches by leaders of ideologically motivated groups predict aggression. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. doi:10.1080/19434472.2012.716449] provided evidence that the verbal expression of anger, contempt, and disgust by leaders of ideologically motivated groups when talking about their archrival opponent outgroups is associated with subsequent political aggression. That study was limited in two ways, first because it only analyzed emotions expressed in text, and second because it analyzed only text excerpts that directly mentioned the outgroups. In this study, we remedied both limitations by analyzing emotions nonverbally expressed by leaders in videos, and by comparing both outgroup and non-outgroup mentions. Leaders of groups that eventually committed acts of aggression expressed significantly more anger, contempt, and disgust when talking about their archrival opponent outgroups than when not talking, whereas there was...
Iso-phote Based Tool-path Generation for Machining Free-form Surfaces

This paper presents a novel approach for generating efficient tool paths in machining free-form surfaces. Concept of iso-phote is used to facilitate tool-path generation. An iso-phote is defined as a region on a surface where the normal vector does not differ by more than a prescribed angle from a fixed reference vector. The boundary curves of the iso-phote, called iso-inclination curves, are numerically generated and are served as the initial master tool paths. These iso-inclination curves are then projected to a 2D plane which is perpendicular to the fried reference vector. 2D curve offsetting of the projected iso-inclination curve is then performed. The resulted 2D offset curves are projected back to 3D surface to form final tool paths. The resulted tool paths can guarantee the satisfaction of machining tolerance requirements. A comparison study of this iso-phote based machining with the conventional iso-parametric machining and the iso-planar machining shows favorite result for the new approach.
Detection of Coexisting Bilayer Gel and Fluid Phases by Equilibrium Surface Pressure Analysis

A study of bilayer phase behavior is presented for the phospholipid mixture di12:0-PC/di16:0-PC, based on an analysis of equilibrium surface pressures which develop at the gas−water interface above suspensions of bilayer vesicles. At 22 ± 1 °C, the fluidus and solidus bilayer phase boundaries are determined to be 32 and 85 mol % di16:0-PC, respectively, consistent with literature values obtained through calorimetry. Evidence is presented which suggests that Teflon substrates are better suited than high-energy substrates for surface pressure measurements involving insoluble monolayers.
Bridging the detection gap chasm of risk: where can computed tomography angiography take us?

In this issue of iJACC , a large validation series of the prognostic value of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) by cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is published ([1][1]). This new report adds to our understanding of the prognostic accuracy of CTA measurements of obstructive CAD
Simulating Realistic Packet Routing without Routing Protocols

A fundamental requirement for any network simulation environment is the realistic forwarding of packets from a source to a destination in the simulated topology. The routing decisions at each hop along the path should accurately represent decisions made by actual routers with a similar topology. Further, the routing decisions must be affected by topology changes, such as link weight adjustments or node failures. The methods used by the simulation tools to achieve these requirements can be classified into three fundamental classes. First, the simulator can implement a model of any of the well known routing protocols, such as BGP, OSPF, or EIGRP. Assuming the implemented models of these protocols are a reasonable representation of the deployed protocol, the routing decisions and routing updates in the presence of failures are highly accurate and accurately model the real-world network. A second method is to use global topology knowledge within the simulator to pre-compute routing information using any of several graph theoretic algorithms that compute paths through a graph. Should any topology changes occur, the simulator can simply recompute routes based on revised global knowledge. A third method is the use of on-demand routing computations using global topology knowledge, coupled with a source-based routing scheme, such as the well-known NIx-Vector method. Both of the first two methods suffer from excessive memory requirements for routing table storage, which can be O(N/sup 2/) in the extreme case. The last two methods suffer from unrealistic routing decisions in the presence of topology changes, due to the use of instantaneous global topology knowledge. A link failure in some part of the topology is immediately known to all nodes, which results in instantaneous and unrealistic routing updates throughout the network. We present an approach to improve the realism of the on-demand methods, without incurring the O(N/sup 2/) memory overhead of the routing protocol method.
Energy and execution time analysis of a software-based trusted platform module

Trusted platforms have been proposed as a promising approach to enhance the security of general-purpose computing systems. However, for many resource-constrained embedded systems, the size and cost overheads of a separate trusted platform module (TPM) chip are not acceptable. One alternative is to use a software-based TPM (SW-TPM), which implements TPM functions using software that executes in a protected execution domain on the embedded processor itself. However, since many embedded systems have limited processing capabilities and are battery-powered, it is also important to ensure that the computational and energy requirements for SW-TPMs are acceptable. In this work, an evaluation of the energy and execution time overheads for a SW-TPM implementation on a Sharp Zaurus PDA was performed. The execution time and energy required by each TPM command was characterized through actual measurements on the target platform. In addition, the overheads of using SW-TPM in the context of various end applications, including trusted boot of the Linux operating system (OS), secure file storage, secure VoIP client, and secure Web browser was also evaluated. Furthermore, it was observed that for most TPM commands, the overheads are primarily due to the use of 2048-bit RSA operations that are performed within SW-TPM. In order to alleviate SW-TPM overheads, the use of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) as a replacement for the RSA algorithm specified in the trusted computing group (TCG) standards was evaluated. Experiments indicate that this optimization can significantly reduce SW-TPM overheads (an average of 6.51times execution time reduction and 6.75times energy consumption reduction for individual TPM commands, and an average of 10.25times execution time reduction and 10.75times energy consumption reduction for applications). This work demonstrates that ECC-based SW-TPMs are a viable approach to realizing the benefits of trusted computing in resource-constrained embedded systems
End-user programming of mashups with vegemite

Mashups are an increasingly popular way to integrate data from multiple web sites to fit a particular need, but it often requires substantial technical expertise to create them. To lower the barrier for creating mashups, we have extended the CoScripter web automation tool with a spreadsheet-like environment called Vegemite. Our system uses direct-manipulation and programming-by-demonstration tech-niques to automatically populate tables with information collected from various web sites. A particular strength of our approach is its ability to augment a data set with new values computed by a web site, such as determining the driving distance from a particular location to each of the addresses in a data set. An informal user study suggests that Vegemite may enable a wider class of users to address their information needs.
Amplification of Mutator Cells in a Population as a Result of Horizontal Transfer

Mutator cells that lack the mismatch repair system (MMR(-)) occur at rates of 10(-5) or less in laboratory populations started from wild-type cells. We show that after selection for recombinants in an interspecies mating between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli, the percentage of MMR(-) cells rises to several percent of the recombinant population, and after a second successive mating and selection, greater than 95% of the recombinants are MMR(-). Coupling a single cross and selection with either mutagenesis or selection for spontaneous mutants also results in a dramatic increase in MMR(-) cells. We discuss how horizontal transfer can result in mutator strains during adaptive evolution.
The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism, and Postsocialism on the Black Sea

The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism, and Postsocialism on the Black Sea, by Kristen Ghodsee. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 240 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-8223-3650-1, ISBN-10: 0-8223-3650-2 (hbk.)....
In situ analysis of thioarsenite complexes in neutral to alkaline arsenic sulphide solutions

The solubility of arsenic in anoxic soil and sediment pore waters is strongly influenced by complexation with dissolved sulphide. Despite their importance in arsenic chemistry, thioarsenite complexes have not been well characterized, and considerable questions remain regarding their structure, protonation state, and relative stabilities. Here we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine the type and structure of aqueous arsenic-sulphur complexes in sulphidic solutions under neutral to alkaline pH. Arsenic formed a variety of thioarsenites, including AsS(SH)(OH) − , As(SH)S 2 2− , AsS 3 3− and As(SH) 4 − complexes. The relative fraction of each species varied strongly with the S:As ratio – with the fraction of AsS(SH)(OH) − greatest at low S:As and trithioarsenites dominating As speciation when S:As ratios exceeded 3 in solution. As much as 40% of the total As also was present as AsS 3 S 3+ x (SH) 3– x − x in solutions at S:As ratios of 3 or greater. Sulphide complexation was somewhat dependent on pH, with sulphide complexation generally increasing with pH. The speciation observed in these experiments is similar to, though distinct from, speciation predicted based on As 2 S 3 solubility (inferred to contain AsS 2 − and AsS 3 S 3+ x (SH) 3– x − x ) and chromatographic separation of arsenic species (which does not identify polymeric species). Thus, these data indicate that stability constants for arsenic sulphide complexes must be reappraised.
Management of Low-Grade Gliomas: A Surgical Perspective

Low-grade gliomas pose a daunting challenge to all clinicians involved in their management.Far from a single clinicopathological entity, this group of tumors is characterized by numerous histologic subtypes each possessing their own unique biological characteristics and behavior. Subdivisions of these neoplasms include low-grade astrocytomas (LGAs),pilocytic astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, gangligliomas,dysembryonic neuroepithelial tumors,pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. As each subgroup is overall clinically distinct, this chapter will focus primarily on the most common type of low-grade glioma-the astrocytomas. We will also further restrict our review to grade I and grade II astrocytomas, as defined by the Kernohan classifications, or grade II tumors, as categorized by Daumas-Duport. Although some of the observations and recommendations suggested by this chapter may also apply to other types of low-grade gliomas, the lack of consistent literature on these rarer entities makes them even more difficult to analyze
Reliability Evaluation of Braided Networks Using A Recursive Method

The global reliability of a connected network reflects the probability of having a connected path between every pair of processors. Given any network, there are several ways of finding this reliability measure such as path set and cut set methods. These methods are computation extensive for large networks and do not utilize the symmetry of the networks. In this paper, we present a generalization of a special class of networks called Braided-Line networks and derive the reliability expressions for these networks using recursive techniques. These recursive techniques utilize the symmetry of the networks thus reducing the computation time of the global reliability substantially.
Visual search on a mobile device while walking

As smartphone usage increases, safety concerns have arisen. Previous research suggested cognitive impairments while using mobile devices in walking conditions. Mobile user interfaces that are designed in ways not to require users' full attention may mitigate the safety concerns. Primary focus of this research was on the perception process during visual search rather than the physical target selection by finger tapping, which most previous research focused on. The effects of object size, contrast, and target location on mobile devices while walking and standing were examined. A serial visual search using "T" and "L" shapes on a mobile device was conducted, which controlled for the physical target selection involvement. The results showed that walking, bigger object size, and the target position in the outer area of the mobile device display slowed the visual search reaction time. This suggests mobile interface improvement possibilities by proper object sizing and placement.
Nonlinear Extrapolation of Inflow and Infiltration Behavior under Heavy Storms

A two-sample nonlinear heteroscedastic regression model is described and proposed for the purpose of evaluating a sewer basin rehabilitation by quantifying the reduction in rain-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII). The proposed methodology is used at the second stage of RDII studies after RDII volumes of individual rain events are estimated. The proposed methodology utilizes boundary conditions of system capacity and extrapolates the RDII behavior under usually unobserved heavy design storms in short-term flow data series—a common problem in RDII studies. As compared to the commonly used linear models, the proposed methodology offers flexibility in modeling, reasonable extrapolation, and simplicity in interpretation.
Estimation of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib - von Willebrand factor (vWf) bond lifetime under hydrodynamic flow

The interaction between the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and von Willebrand factor (vWf) is crucial in hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we investigated the kinetics of this interaction under flow conditions. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the GP Ib/spl alpha/ receptor were perfused through a parallel-plate flow chamber over coverslips coated with vWf-A1 at concentrations below those that will support cell rolling. Under these conditions, the cells formed transient tethers with the matrix, after which they detached and rejoined the bulk flow. The events were recorded in realtime with a video microscope and later analyzed by digital image processing. We fitted a first-order kinetic model for bond dissociation to the tether time distribution and estimated an off-rate constant (k/sub off/) at different shear stresses. The k/sub off/ showed a weak exponential dependence on the shear stress. We also have compared k/sub off/ obtained by using different definitions of transient tether that exist in the literature, based on distance and instantaneous velocity plots.
Hispanic Youth, Substance Abuse, and Stress: Implications for Prevention Research

Hispanic adolescents are the fastest growing ethnic-minority age group in America. They are also at high risk for drug, alcohol, and tobacco use. In this paper, the authors discuss the etiology of Hispanic adolescents' substance abuse, as explained in part by psychological stress. Based on the authors' research and on other data, a model for preventing substance abuse among Hispanic youths is presented. The model draws from coping, acculturation, social learning, and informal network theories. Concluding with a research agenda, the paper calls for descriptive, correlative, and intervention outcome studies to scientifically understand and prevent substance use among Hispanic adolescents.
Adding Authentication to Model Driven Security

As service-oriented architecture has become popular, security has been a critical issue in multiple security domains using the WS-security framework. The authentication requirements depend on the application semantics, but configuring authentication is very difficult for someone who is not a security expert, such as an application developer, because it is necessary to understand platform-specific security features and authentication mechanisms. To resolve these difficulties, we propose a framework for platform-independent security configuration based on the model driven architecture. In this paper, we introduce a security qualifier, which is an abstract annotation for specifying authenticated identity on a platform-independent model, and a security infrastructure model which is a model including the platform information required for creating security policies. These ideas make authentication configuration possible without understanding the platform-specific information, such as the federation of the security domain and the relationships of trust between the servers. Our framework allows a non-security expert to configure security easily. We show how to configure the authentication for an ID propagation scenario and discuss advantages of our framework compared to existing tools
On robust impact control via positive acceleration feedback for robot manipulators

In this paper, a long outstanding problem, robust impact control and force regulation with guaranteed stability is solved by adding a novel positive acceleration, feedback to the feedback loop in the direction of impact and force control for robot manipulators working in an unknown environment. A quick and stable transition can be accomplished with a nonzero impact velocity, and the transient force response can be controlled with minimum impact forces and minimum bouncing. In addition, a switching control strategy is designed to guarantee the stability of the impact control. Unexpected bouncing can be eliminated after finite switches. The output force and motion can be regulated simultaneously with high accuracy after contact is established. Rigorous stability analysis based on the Liapunov-like method is presented for the proposed control scheme. The control scheme was implemented and tested on a 6 DOF PUMA 560 robot arm. The experimental comparisons with other force control strategies were given to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method. The result obtained in this paper can be applied to any system requiring impact control and force regulation.
Bordetella avium antibiotic resistance, novel enrichment culture, and antigenic characterization

Bordetella avium continues to be an economic issue in the turkey industry as the causative agent of bordetellosis, which often leads to serious secondary infections. This study presents a broad characterization of the antibiotic resistance patterns in this diverse collection of B. avium strains collected over the past thirty years. In addition, the plasmid basis for the antibiotic resistance was characterized. The antibiotic resistance pattern allowed the development of a novel enrichment culture method that was subsequently employed to gather new isolates from diseased turkeys and a healthy sawhet owl. While a healthy turkey flock was shown to seroconvert by four weeks-of-age, attempts to culture B. avium from healthy turkey poults were unsuccessful. Western blot of B. avium strains using pooled serum from diseased and healthy commercial turkey flocks revealed both antigenic similarities and differences between strains. In sum, the work documents the continued exposure of commercial turkey flocks to B. avium and the need for development of an effective, inexpensive vaccine to control spread of the disease.
The Role of Additional Processing Time and Lexical Constraint in Spoken Word Recognition

Three phoneme monitoring experiments examined the manner in which additional processing time influences spoken word recognition. Experiment 1a introduced a version of the phoneme monitoring paradigm in which a silent interval is inserted prior to the word-final target phoneme. Phoneme monitoring reaction time decreased as the silent interval increased indicating that lexical knowledge was utilized more effectively with additional processing time. Experiment 1b used short, medium, and long words and derived nonwords with word-initial mismatching segments. Phoneme monitoring response times to words and nonwords were sensitive to both additional processing time (silent interval delay) and word length. Experiment 2 examined the utilization of anticipatory coarticulation as a function of word length and additional processing time. The results suggest that (segmental and coarticulatory) information subsequent to mismatching information influences spoken word recognition in a manner dependent on word length and availability of additional processing time.
Secondary organic aerosol formation initiated by α-terpineol ozonolysis in indoor air.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) owing to reactive organic gas (ROG) ozonolysis can be an important indoor particle source. However, SOA formation owing to ozonolysis of α-terpineol, which is emitted by consumer product usage and reacts strongly with ozone, has not been systematically quantified. Therefore, we conducted 21 experiments to investigate the SOA formation initiated by α-terpineol ozonolysis for high (0.84 h-1 ), moderate (0.61 h-1 ), and low (0.36 h-1 ) air exchange rates (AER), which is the frequency with which indoor is replaced by outdoor air. α-Terpineol concentrations of 6.39 to 226 ppb were combined with high ozone (~25 ppm) to ensure rapid and complete ozonolysis. No reactants were replenished, so SOA peaked quickly and then decreased due to AER and surface losses, and peak SOA ranged from 2.03 to 281 μg/m3 at unit density. SOA mass formation was parameterized with the aerosol mass fraction (AMF), a.k.a. the SOA yield, and AMFs ranged from 0.056 to 0.24. The AMFs strongly and positively correlated with reacted α-terpineol, whereas they weakly and negatively correlated with higher AERs. One-product, two-product, and volatility basis set (VBS) models were fit to the AMF data. Predictive modeling demonstrated that α-terpineol ozonolysis could meaningfully form SOA in indoor air.
Rosenthal’s l1 Theorem

The Eberlein-Smulian theorem tells us that in order to be able to extract from each bounded sequence in X a weakly convergent subsequence it is both necessary and sufficient that X be reflexive. Suppose we ask less. Suppose we ask only that each bounded sequence in X have a weakly Cauchy subsequence. [Recall that a sequence (x n ) in a Banach space X is weakly Cauchy if for each x* ∈ X* the scalar sequence (x*x n ) is convergent.] When can one extract from each bounded sequence in X a weakly Cauchy subsequence?
Workforce design in primary care-mental health integration: a case study at one veterans affairs medical center

Many Veterans screen positive for mental health disorders in primary care, yet it appears that only a fraction of those who could benefit receive treatment. One potential way to ensure that a larger proportion of these Veterans receive appropriate care would be to increase access to mental health services through primary care-mental health integration (PC-MHI) clinics. Yet a systematic method to evaluate the impact of projected increases in patient volumes on PC-MHI clinics is lacking. As a first step, we develop and validate a discrete-event simulation model to understand how the clinic could respond to a projected increase in PC-MHI utilization at one Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Numerical results illustrate the impact of increased patient volume and the availability of providers on patient wait times and patients seen by mental health providers outside of clinic hours. We also note that although discrete-event simulation has a long history in health care, it is rarely used in the assessment of the resource allocation decisions in mental health.
Heterogeneous Behaviors and Direct Interactions in Artificial Stock Markets

In this paper, we explore the dynamic of stock prices over time by developing an agent-based market. The developed artificial market is comprised of heterogeneous agents occupied with various behaviors and trading strategies. The developed market has property of direct interaction. The environment takes the form of network structurenamely, it manifests as a scale-free network. The information will flow between the agents through the linkages that connect them. The model is subjected to testing for goodness of fit to the empirical observations of the S&P500. Furthermore, the effect of increasing the population size of various agent types is investigated.
Zinc-induced augmentation of excitatory synaptic currents and glutamate receptor responses in hippocampal CA3 neurons.

Zinc is found throughout the CNS at synapses co-localized with glutamate in presynaptic terminals. In particular, dentate granule cells' (DGC) mossy fiber (MF) axons contain especially high concent...
Effect of Tolbutamide on Plasma Free Fatty Acids and Blood Sugar in Birds

SummaryIntravenous injection of tolbutamide (15.0 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease of plasma FFA and BS concentration in geese and ducks, but not in owls. The decrease of plasma FFA was significant 5 min after the injection whereas the decrease of BS became significant first at 15 min of injection. The decrease of plasma FFA produced by tolbutamide in geese and ducks whose plasma FFA had been elevated by continuous infusion of glucagon (0.2 μg/kg/min) was not greater than that observed in intact birds injected with the same dose of the drug. Glucagon infusion in geese previously injected with tolbutamide caused an elevation of plasma FFA comparable to that observed when glucagon was infused at the same rate in intact birds. These results indicate that tolbutamide does not inhibit the adipokinetic effect of glucagon in vivo.
Influence of Insecticide Application Timing on Damage by Smicronyx fulvus and S. sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Permethrin (0.11 and 0.056 kg [AI]/ha), cypermethrin (0.056 kg [AI]/ha), and carbofuran 4F (0.56 kg [AI]/ha) were compared with an untreated check for the control of Smicronyx fulvus and S. sordidus infestations in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. over a period of 3 years. Insecticides were applied by a ground sprayer to individual plots when 10 and 80% of the plants were in bloom. Pyrethroid treatments reduced the amount of seed infested by weevils from 26.6 to 71.4% when compared with the untreated check. Time of application did not greatly affect performance of the pyrethroids in 2 of the 3 years. However, late treatments offered better control in 1983, and carbofuran applied at early bloom provided better control than treatments applied later in 2 out of 3 years. Adult emergence comparisons between S. fulvus and S. sordidus indicated earlier emergence and an increasing population of S. sordidus .
High lateral resolution vs molecular preservation in near-IR fs-laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry.

Ultrashort pulse length lasers operating in the near-infrared region show promise for submicrometer lateral resolution by laser desorption-based mass spectrometry (MS) imaging. However, these exper...
Rhythm of Lay in Chickens as Influenced By a 16 Hour “Day”

Abstract LENGTH of the natural daylight or of imposed periods of artificial light restrict the pattern of lay of most domestic fowls. Egg sequences are usually initiated in the early morning and terminated in mid or late afternoon. Continuous alternating periods of light and dark fail to alter the rhythmic 24-to-26 hour laying pattern of the hen. Thus, the nature of the neurohumoral control of lay with regard to the role of the dark and of the light period of the day can best be tested under periods of unusual or abnormal day lengths and photoperiods. The purpose of these experiments was: (1) to attempt to modify the time interval between intra-sequence eggs by imposing an unnatural day length of 16 hours (8L-8D), and (2) to examine the extent to which darkness and the normal daily activity period influence the initiation and termination of egg sequences. METHODS AND PROCEDURE The hens …
Proteomics/qPCR protocol to estimate physical ages of wild male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Abstract Laboratory reared fruit flies may have different behavioral phenotypes as compared to the wild in the field. The domesticated lab setting and the absence of factors from the natural environment on lab reared insects may result in different behavioral patterns, such as the length of life cycle. This study was performed to conduct a regression analysis of the ratio of odorant binding protein 99b (OBP99b) expression from 4 to 12-d-old oriental fruit fly males, relative to 1-d-old males to estimate the physical ages of wild male fruit flies. We established two polynomial linear regression equations based on 4–12 days old lab-reared flies using proteomics and qPCR. The equations are Y = − 0.7768 + 0.7205X, R 2 = 0.89 (for proteomics) and Y = − 0.6478 + 0.344X, R 2 = 0.64 (for qPCR). We used these equations to estimate the physical ages of wild-caught male fruit flies. These results indicate that despite multiple behavioral differences between laboratory reared and field-caught flies, the physical ages of both groups are identical. We suggest proteomics and qPCR analysis of selected genes and the proteins they encode may be developed into reliable tools for determining the ages of wild-caught animals, including oriental fruit flies.
Heterobimetallic Lantern Complexes That Couple Antiferromagnetically through Noncovalent Pt···Pt Interactions

A series of Pt-based heterobimetallic lantern complexes of the form [PtM(SAc)4(OH2)] (M = Co, 1; Ni, 2; Zn, 3) were prepared using a facile, single-step procedure. These hydrated species were reacted with 3-nitropyridine (3-NO2py) to prepare three additional lantern complexes, [PtM(SAc)4(3-NO2py)] (M = Co, 4; Ni, 5; Zn, 6), or alternatively dried in vacuo to the dehydrated species [PtM(SAc)4] (M = Co, 7; Ni, 8; Zn, 9). The Co- and Ni-containing species exhibit Pt—M bonding in solution and the solid state. In the structurally characterized compounds 1–6, the lantern units form dimers in the solid state via a short Pt···Pt metallophilic interaction. Antiferromagnetic coupling between 3d metal ions in the solid state through noncovalent metallophilic interactions was observed for all the paramagnetic lantern complexes prepared, with J-coupling values of −12.7 cm–1 (1), −50.8 cm–1 (2), −6.0 cm–1 (4), and −12.6 cm–1 (5). The Zn complexes 3 and 6 also form solid-state dimers, indicating that the formation of sh...