cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous retinal projection after removal of contralateral optic tectum in adult goldfish

Abstract Retinotectal projections were mapped in a series of adult goldfish at various intervals after complete ablation of one tectum, or after enucleation of one eye and removal of its ipsilateral tectum. In the first case, regenerating optic axons entered the ipsilateral tectum and innervated it retinotopically; the normal and ipsilateral projections overlapped each other. In the second case, the remaining eye projected over the remaining ipsilateral tectum in normal retinotopic order. Thus, the presence of already innervated optic tectum does not deter regenerating axons from innervating it. It is suggested that the visual projection of goldfish tends to retain its completeness in the absence of normal terminal spaces.
Moisture diffusion in epoxy resins Part I. Non-Fickian sorption processes

Diffusion of water in a glassy epoxy resin has been studied by the sorption method. Film thickness scaling is used as a diagnostic tool for non-Fickian sorption processes. A sorptiondesorption cycle effectively increases the preexisting free volume in the resin and renders the subsequent sorption process different from the original. The effect is understood by considering the time scale for diffusion and that for molecular relaxation of the glassy polymer network. A non-Fickian sorption process is observed for an insufficiently cured resin and is caused by the resin undergoing further postcuring in the sorption process. It is shown that oxidation of the resin during sorption also gives rise to non-Fickian processes previously described in the literature as diffusion anomalies for epoxies. It is further shown that the difference between sorption and resorption curves is not caused by irreversible damage to the resin but due to reversible changes in network conformations.
A new account of the neurocognitive foundations of impairments in space, time and number processing in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

In this paper I present an updated account that attempts to explain, in cognitive processing and neural terms, the nonverbal intellectual impairments experienced by most children with deletions of chromosome 22q11.2. Specifically, I propose that this genetic syndrome leads to early developmental changes in the structure and function of clearly delineated neural circuits for basic spatiotemporal cognition. This dysfunction then cascades into impairments in basic magnitude and then numerical processes, because of the central role that representations of space and time play in their construction. I propose that this takes the form of “spatiotemporal hypergranularity”; the increase in grain size and thus reduced resolution of mental representations of spatial and temporal information. The result is that spatiotemporal processes develop atypically and thereby produce the characteristic impairments in nonverbal cognitive domains that are a hallmark feature of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. If this hypothesis driven account is supported by future research, the results will create a neurocognitive explanation of spatiotemporal and numerical impairments in the syndrome that is specific enough to be directly translated into the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Dynamic pixel test pattern for CMOS image sensor

We propose a dynamic pixel test pattern for CIS (CMOS Image Sensor) to measure the performance of the pixel unit including TX (Transfer Transistor), DX (Amplifier Transistor), RX (Reset Transistor), SX (Select Transistor), FD (floating Diffusion) and PD (Photo Diode). The proposed TP (Test Pattern) was implemented and verified using a 90nm CIS process. The proposed TP has well delivered the expected properties of pixel; blooming, pixel reset level, pixel output signal, pixel signal swing range and TX gate turn on pulse width which can only be guessed for a conventional TP. The measured parameters should help to optimize and improve the CIS design.
Stereo-Tem Imaging of Sol-Gel Glass Surfaces

Sol-gel top and cross-fractured surfaces have been Pt-C replicated (9.7–11.3 A thick) and carbon film backed (100–145 A thick) and separated from the gel with an HF solution. Samples made from both base catalyzed LUDOX/Kasil mixtures and acid catalyzed alkoxides were studied with tilt series of 104 to 105 magnification TEM micrographs of the surface replicas. The LUDOX/Kasil gels contained spherical particles with a raspberry-like morphology and the acid catalyzed alkoxIdes are composed of densely packed filaments and no apparent particles. The smallest structural entity in both gels are Pt/C coated filaments (12–14A) estimated to be 1.5–2.7 A in width. The pore sizes were characterized in both gel types, though TEM pore measurements were only made on the LUDOX/Kasil gels.
The amplitude and phase control of the ALS storage ring RF system

A 500 MHz, 300 kW klystron power amplifier provides RF power to the ALS storage ring. In order to accommodate the amplitude and phase changes during beam stacking and decay, which demand continuously varying power levels from the klystron, four loops are used to keep the system operating properly, with two of those loops dedicated to keeping the two cavity tuners on tune. Description of the control loops and their performance data will be given. Using the modulation anode of the klystron in the amplitude loop will be discussed.
Characterization of sufB Sequences from Nongreen Photoautotrophs

Partial sequences for the hypothetical chloroplast frame 24 (ycf24) were determined for 13 species of algae representing the classes Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Pinguiophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Raphidophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. In many databases ycf24 is considered an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Our analyses of translated amino acid sequences demonstrate that these sequences lack Walker A and B boxes, a conserved ABC signature sequence motif, and transmembrane domains that characterize ABC transporters. Our data, as well as those of others, convincingly indicate that ycf24 is not an ABC transporter and is instead homologous to the sufB gene first described from prokaryotes. The function of the sufB gene product in eukaryotic plastids is not known with certainty but it likely plays a key role in iron–sulfur (2Fe−2S) cluster formation. Our data, unpublished results and database searches imply that sufB is plastid encoded in the ‘red’ plastid lineage, but has been transferred to the nucleus or lost within the streptophyte lineage. Phylogenetic analyses of all available eucaryotic sufB sequences indicate that this gene is a useful marker for tracing the ancestry of plastids and their hosts. For example, our sufB analyses indicate that the 35-Kb circular plastid genome of Plasmodium falciparum is a member of the ‘red’, not ‘green’, plastid lineage and was acquired via secondary endosymbiosis. Our results also support the hypothesis that, despite their similarities, the plastids of prymnesiophytes and heterokont algae were independently obtained by separate secondary endosymbiotic events.
Incipient Alzheimer's disease: Microarray correlation analyses reveal major transcriptional and tumor suppressor responses

The pathogenesis of incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been resistant to analysis because of the complexity of AD and the overlap of its early-stage markers with normal aging. Gene microarrays provide new tools for addressing complexity because they allow overviews of the simultaneous activity of multiple cellular pathways. However, microarray data interpretation is often hindered by low statistical power, high false positives or false negatives, and by uncertain relevance to functional endpoints. Here, we analyzed hippocampal gene expression of nine control and 22 AD subjects of varying severity on 31 separate microarrays. We then tested the correlation of each gene's expression with MiniMental Status Examination (MMSE) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) scores across all 31 subjects regardless of diagnosis. These well powered tests revealed a major transcriptional response comprising thousands of genes significantly correlated with AD markers. Several hundred of these genes were also correlated with AD markers across only control and incipient AD subjects (MMSE > 20). Biological process categories associated with incipient AD-correlated genes were identified statistically (ease program) and revealed up-regulation of many transcription factor/signaling genes regulating proliferation and differentiation, including tumor suppressors, oligodendrocyte growth factors, and protein kinase A modulators. In addition, up-regulation of adhesion, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and initial inflammation processes occurred, and down-regulation of protein folding/metabolism/transport and some energy metabolism and signaling pathways took place. These findings suggest a new model of AD pathogenesis in which a genomically orchestrated up-regulation of tumor suppressor-mediated differentiation and involution processes induces the spread of pathology along myelinated axons.
Media use, face-to-face communication, media multitasking, and social well-being among 8- to 12-year-old girls

An online survey of 3,461 North American girls ages 8–12 conducted in the summer of 2010 through Discovery Girls magazine examined the relationships between social well-being and young girls’ media use—including video, video games, music listening, reading/homework, e-mailing/posting on social media sites, texting/instant messaging, and talking on phones/video chatting—and face-to-face communication. This study introduced both a more granular measure of media multitasking and a new comparative measure of media use versus time spent in face-to-face communication. Regression analyses indicated that negative social well-being was positively associated with levels of uses of media that are centrally about interpersonal interaction (e.g., phone, online communication) as well as uses of media that are not (e.g., video, music, and reading). Video use was particularly strongly associated with negative social well-being indicators. Media multitasking was also associated with negative social indicators. Conversely, face-to-face communication was strongly associated with positive social well-being. Cell phone ownership and having a television or computer in one’s room had little direct association with children’s socioemotional well-being. We hypothesize possible causes for these relationships, call for research designs to address causality, and outline possible implications of such findings for the social well-being of younger adolescents.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability and observability of a class of linear, time-invariant systems with interval plants

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of single-input/multi-output linear time-invariant systems with interval plants and for the observability of multi-input/single-output linear time-invariant systems with interval plants. In arriving at our results, we determine allowable plant uncertainty bounds for controllability and observability. Two specific examples are considered to demonstrate the applicability of our results. >
Choosing negative examples for the prediction of protein-protein interactions

The protein-protein interaction networks of even well-studied model organisms are sketchy at best, highlighting the continued need for computational methods to help direct experimentalists in the search for novel interactions. This need has prompted the development of a number of methods for predicting protein-protein interactions based on various sources of data and methodologies. The common method for choosing negative examples for training a predictor of protein-protein interactions is based on annotations of cellular localization, and the observation that pairs of proteins that have different localization patterns are unlikely to interact. While this method leads to high quality sets of non-interacting proteins, we find that this choice can lead to biased estimates of prediction accuracy, because the constraints placed on the distribution of the negative examples makes the task easier. The effects of this bias are demonstrated in the context of both sequence-based and non-sequence based features used for predicting protein-protein interactions.
Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity in Response to the Asian Longhorned Beetle Infestation in Worcester, Massachusetts

Invasive species pose a significant threat to communities and ecosystems around the world affecting social, political and ecological conditions. The Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) is one such pest that has affected parts of North America, including central Massachusetts. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) felled more than 30,000 trees there as part of an ongoing eradication effort. In this paper, we draw on relational place-making theories to consider multi-scalar social vulnerability, and livelihoods frameworks to assess the social, political, and ecological factors that contributed to vulnerability and responding adaptations in Worcester, MA. Interviews with stakeholders identified vulnerabilities and emerging policy —including a new non-governmental organization— that has increased resilience, despite some institutional weaknesses in the capacities of the local government. Future research will explore ways to institutionalize long-term tree stewardship at the municipal level, and the socio-spatial impacts of emerging policies.
Feature extraction and classification models for high-dimensional profile data

As manufacturing transitions to real-time sensing, it becomes more important to handle multiple, high-dimensional (non-stationary) time series that generate thousands of measurements for each batch. Predictive models are often challenged by such high-dimensional data and it is important to reduce the dimensionality for better performance. With thousands of measurements, even wavelet coefficients do not reduce the dimensionality sufficiently. We propose a two-stage method that uses energy statistics from a discrete wavelet transform to identify process variables and appropriate resolutions of wavelet coefficients in an initial (screening) model. Variable importance scores from a modern random forest classifier are exploited in this stage. Coefficients that correspond to the identified variables and resolutions are then selected for a second-stage predictive model. The approach is shown to provide good performance, along with interpretable results, in an example where multiple time series are used to indicate the need for preventive maintenance. In general, the two-stage approach can handle high dimensionality and still provide interpretable features linked to the relevant process variables and wavelet resolutions that can be used for further analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full-duplex crystalless CMOS transceiver with an on-chip antenna for wireless communication in engine controller board of hybrid electric vehicles

A full-duplex transceiver for wireless inter-chip data communication in an engine controller board of hybrid electric vehicles that for the first time integrates an on-chip antenna and a duplexer, as well as allowing operation without a crystal frequency reference is demonstrated. The BER degradation of RX due to the TX operation is negligible when the input power is greater than −44dBm necessary to achieve BER of less than 10−12. The transceiver fabricated in 0.13µm CMOS consumes 245mW.
Gender Equity: Illusion or Reality for Women in the Federal Executive Service?

With the passage of the Civil Service Reform Act in 1978, the federal government created the Senior Executive Service (SES) and formally committed the federal government to equal employment opportunity, advocating a “federal service reflective of the nation's diversity.” Since then, women have made dramatic progress in the ranks of the SES. This research probes the following questions: Has women's advancement into the ranks of the SES been illusory or real? Are women simply being appointed to token positions to fulfill affirmative action goals? Or do they contribute to governance from real positions of power and influence? Using data from a recent survey of Senior Executive Service members, this research indicates that male and female members of the SES have almost identical responsibilities and, most interestingly, women executives rate themselves as relatively more influential than do their male colleagues.
Unexpected cardiac arrest among children during surgery: a North American registry to elucidate the incidence and causes of anesthesia related cardiac arrest

Relatively rare adverse events, such as unexpected cardiac arrest, are difficult to study in the clinical setting. These events are often unpredictable in their occurrence (prompting interest in their investigation) and do not occur with sufficient frequency in any single institution to provide an adequate sample for analysis. A disease-specific registry is an epidemiological technique that can be used to collect data on a set of relatively rare unpredictable events. This approach was adopted for investigation of cardiac arrest in children when it became apparent from analysis of malpractice claims that a significant clinical problem existed. This report provides a brief historical account of the development of the Pediatric Peri-Operative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry and elaborates on the methodology including strengths, weaknesses, and practical implementation issues.
Helicobacter pylori associated gastric Burkitt lymphoma.

Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been linked to lymphoma of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), a tumor that is typically localized at presentation. Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) frequently presents as an abdominal mass. However, primary gastric BL is unusual and the role of H. pylori in its pathogenesis is unclear. We describe a 12 year old with localized gastric BL and concurrent H. pylori infection. In this report, we discuss the potential association between H. pylori and gastric BL and also highlight certain similarities between gastric MALT lymphomas and BL arising in the stomach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:888–890. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Outsourcing to China: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategic Fit

China is a prominent outsourcing destination in Asia. International labour outsourcing, specially in the IT sector, has grown rapidly in recent years. This article defines outsourcing through an extensive review of the literature and discusses the opportunities and challenges for outsourcing to China. Seeking strategic 'fit' among the disparate elements that influence the firm's outsourcing decision is recommended. The authors explore the IT and business landscapes in China and propose strategies for outsourcing success there.
Visual Signal Analysis: Focus on Texture Similarity (Presentation Recording)

Texture is an important visual attribute both for human perception and image analysis systems. We present new structural texture similarity metrics and applications that critically depend on such metrics, with emphasis on image compression and content-based retrieval. The new metrics account for human visual perception and the stochastic nature of textures. They rely entirely on local image statistics and allow substantial point-by-point deviations between textures that according to human judgment are similar or essentially identical. We also present new testing procedures for objective texture similarity metrics. We identify three operating domains for evaluating the performance of such similarity metrics: the top of the similarity scale, where a monotonic relationship between metric values and subjective scores is desired; the ability to distinguish between perceptually similar and dissimilar textures; and the ability to retrieve "identical" textures. Each domain has different performance goals and requires different testing procedures. Experimental results demonstrate both the performance of the proposed metrics and the effectiveness of the proposed subjective testing procedures.
Integrated Staff and Room Scheduling for Surgeries: Methodology and Application

We consider the problem of minimizing daily expected resource usage and overtime costs across multiple parallel resources such as anesthesiologists and operating rooms, which are used to conduct a variety of surgical procedures at large multi specialty hospitals. To address this problem, we develop a two-stage stochastic dynamic programming model with recourse. The first stage allocates these resources across multiple surgeries with uncertain durations and prescribes the sequence of surgeries to these resources. The second stage determines actual start times to surgeries based on realized durations of preceding surgeries and assigns overtime to resources to ensure all surgeries are completed using the allocation and sequence determined in the first stage. We develop a data driven robust optimization method that solves large-scale real-sized versions of this model close to optimality. We validate and implement this model as a decision support system at the UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center. This has led to an average daily cost savings of around 7% or $2.2 million on an annual basis. In addition, the insights based on this model have significantly influenced decision making at the operating services department at this hospital.
Transformation circuits

Earlier transmission-line based metamaterials were limited to having effective material parameters that are diagonal in the Cartesian basis. In contrast, this paper presents transmission-line metamaterials with arbitrary, tensorial effective material parameters. The proposed metamaterials can provide extreme control of electromagnetic fields along a surface or radiating aperture, and therefore will find application in antennas and microwave devices.
Multicomponent Ceramic Powder Generation by Spray Pyrolysis

We have examined methods for controlling the morphology and microstructure of ceramic particles produced by spray pyrolysis. A variety of materials were examined including SrTiO3and BaTiO3 and the oxides of Al, Mg, Zn, Pd, V, Mo, and Bi. The morphology of the particles was influenced by using colloidal precursors in combination with molecular precursors for particle generation. Slow drying rates obtained by using high relative humidities and controlled axial temperature gradients did not influence particle morphology for the systems and conditions studied. The microstructure of Al2O3, V2O5, and PdO particles was controlled by varying the temperature to provide nanocrystalline or single-crystal particles. Evaporation and condensation of volatile species such as MoO3 and V2O5 dramatically modified particle microstructure and morphology.
Resistance investigation of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus to eight pesticides and resistance control strategy in Zhejiang province

Objective To investigate the resistances of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus to eight insecticides for making the dynamic mosquitoe control strategy in Zhejiang.Methods Immersion method of pesticide was used to assay the medium lethal concentration(LC 50) for the fourth instar larvae of mosquitoes.Results The resistances of Cx.pipiens pallens in Jinhua city to permethrin was at medium level,the RR 11.5.The resistances of Cx.pipiens pallens in Shaoxing city to beta-cypermethrin was at medium level,the RR 11.2.The Cx.pipiens pallens showed low resistance to other types of insecticides in all cities.In Jinhua city,the resistances of Ae.albopictus to dichlorvos was at high level,the RR 22.8.The resistances of Ae.albopictus to permethrin and tetramethrin were at medium level,the RR 13.4 and 11.4,respectively.In Ningbo city,the resistances of Ae.albopictus to deltamethrin and β-cypermethrin were at medium level,the RR 17.2 and 11.8,respectively.In Yiwu city,the resistances of Ae.albopictus to beta[cypermethrin was at high level,the RR 28.8.The resistances of Ae.albopictus to deltamethrin and permethrin were at medium level,the RR 19.7 and 18.4,respectively.The Ae.albopictus showed the lower resistance in other area.Conclusion The Cx.pipiens pallens and Ae.albopictus demonstrated varied resistance to the pesticides,and were mostly resistant to pyrethroid pesticide.The monitoring of their insecticide resistance should be strengthened in conjunction with scientific and proper application of insecticides.
Role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in an ethnically distinct population: Korean patients with ulcerative colitis.

Objectives : Studies have suggested that antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), known as a useful diagnostic marker in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), may have a genetic basis, particularly in association with HLA class II genes. Because most studies examining the role of ANCA in UC have been performed in ethnically undefined populations, we have analyzed ANCA status in an ethnically distinct group of patients with UC. Methods: Serum samples from 24 Korean patients with a known diagnosis of UC and 58 healthy Koreans were examined for the presence of ANCA, using a fixed neutrophil enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ANCA-binding patterns were examined by indirect immunofluorescence. Results : The incidence of ANCA in 83.3% of Korean patients with UC was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.0001). The mean binding level at a 1 :100 dilution and the titer of ANCA were significantly higher in patients with UC than in controls. Among UC patients with ANCA, there was also a high incidence of perinuclear binding pattern. In contrast, there was no relationship between ANCA and age of patients, duration, activity, or extent of disease. Conclusions : High sensitivity and specificity of ANCA in an ethnically distinct group of patients with UC show that ANCA expression may not be ethnically determined, and they confirm the utility of ANCA as a useful diagnostic indicator of UC in an ethnically diverse groups of patients.
VideoHacking: Automated Tracking and Quantification of Locomotor Behavior with Open Source Software and Off-the-Shelf Video Equipment

Differences in nervous system function can result in differences in behavioral output. Measurements of animal locomotion enable the quantification of these differences. Automated tracking of animal movement is less labor-intensive and bias-prone than direct observation, and allows for simultaneous analysis of multiple animals, high spatial and temporal resolution, and data collection over extended periods of time. Here, we present a new video-tracking system built on Python-based software that is free, open source, and cross-platform, and that can analyze video input from widely available video capture devices such as smartphone cameras and webcams. We validated this software through four tests on a variety of animal species, including larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), Siberian dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), and wild birds. These tests highlight the capacity of our software for long-term data acquisition, parallel analysis of multiple animals, and application to animal species of different sizes and movement patterns. We applied the software to an analysis of the effects of ethanol on thigmotaxis (wall-hugging) behavior on adult zebrafish, and found that acute ethanol treatment decreased thigmotaxis behaviors without affecting overall amounts of motion. The open source nature of our software enables flexibility, customization, and scalability in behavioral analyses. Moreover, our system presents a free alternative to commercial video-tracking systems and is thus broadly applicable to a wide variety of educational settings and research programs.
Environmental controls on canopy foliar nitrogen distributions in a Neotropical lowland forest.

Distributions of foliar nutrients across forest canopies can give insight into their plant functional diversity and improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycling. We used airborne remote sensing and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to quantify canopy foliar nitrogen (N) across ~164 km2 of wet lowland tropical forest in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We determined the relative influence of climate and topography on the observed patterns of canopy foliar N using a gradient boosting model (GBM) technique. At a local scale, where climate and substrate where constant, we explored the influence of slope position on canopy N by quantifying canopy N on remnant terraces, their adjacent slopes and knife edged ridges. In addition, we climbed and sampled 540 trees and analyzed foliar N in order to quantify the role of species identity (phylogeny) and environmental factors in predicting canopy N. Observed canopy N heterogeneity reflected environmental factors working at multiple spatial scales. Across the larger landscape, elevation and precipitation had the highest relative influence on predicting canopy foliar N (30 and 24%), followed by soils (15%), site exposure (9%), compound topographic index (8%), substrate (6%), and landscape dissection (6%). Phylogeny explained ~75% of the variation in the filed collected foliar N data, suggesting that phylogeny largely underpins the response to the environmental factors. Taken together, these data suggest that a large fraction of the variance in canopy N across the landscape is proximately driven by species composition, though ultimately this is likely a response to abiotic factors such as climate and topography. Future work should focus on the mechanisms and feedbacks involved, and how shifts in climate may translate to changes in forest function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rare Nonleptonic Decays of the Omega Hyperon: Measurements of the Branching Ratios for Ω∓ --> Ξ$*0\atop{(1530)}$ (anti-Ξ$*0\atop{(1530)}$) π∓ and Ω∓→ Ξ∓ π± π∓

A clean signal of 78 (24) events has been observed in the rare nonleptonic particle (antiparticle) decay modes {Omega}{sup {-+}} {yields} {Xi}{sup {-+}}{pi}{sup {+-}}{pi}{sup {-+}} using data collected with the HyperCP spectrometer during Fermilab's 1999 fixed-target run. We obtain B({Omega}{sup -} {yields} {Xi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = [4.32 {+-} 0.56(stat) {+-} 0.28(syst)] x 10{sup -4} and B({Omega}{sup +} {yields} {Xi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}) = 3.13 {+-} 0.71(stat) {+-} 0.20(syst) x 10{sup -4}. This is the first observation of the antiparticle mode. Our measurement for the particle mode agrees with the previous experimental result and has an order-of-magnitude better precision. We extract the contribution from the resonance decay mode {Omega}{sup {-+}} {yields} {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0} ({ovr {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0}}){pi}{sup {-+}} to the final state {Xi}{sup {-+}}{pi}{sup {+-}}{pi}{sup {-+}}. This the first actual measurement of the resonance-mode branching ratios, gives B({Omega}{sup -} {yields} {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0} {pi}{sup -}) = [4.55 {+-} 2.33(stat) {+-} 0.38(syst)] x 10{sup -5}, B({Omega}{sup +} {yields} {ovr {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0}}{pi}{sup +}) = [1.40 {+-} 2.83(stat) {+-} 0.12(syst)] x 10{sup -5} and disagrees with the current Particle Data Group review value, being {approx} 14 times smaller. Since the central value of the resonance-mode branching ratio is less than two more » standard deviations away from zero, we also calculate branching ratio upper limits at 90% confidence level: B({Omega}{sup -} {yields} {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0} {pi}{sup -}) < 7.61 x 10{sup -5} and B({Omega}{sup +} {yields} {ovr {Xi}*{sub 1530}{sup 0}} {pi}{sup +}) < 5.61 x 10{sup -5}. This analysis provides new data on nonleptonic hyperon decays which allows studies of how weak interaction processes occur in the presence of strong interactions. « less
Potassium Channelopathies and Gastrointestinal Ulceration

Potassium channels and transporters maintain potassium homeostasis and play significant roles in several different biological actions via potassium ion regulation. In previous decades, the key revelations that potassium channels and transporters are involved in the production of gastric acid and the regulation of secretion in the stomach have been recognized. Drugs used to treat peptic ulceration are often potassium transporter inhibitors. It has also been reported that potassium channels are involved in ulcerative colitis. Direct toxicity to the intestines from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with altered potassium channel activities. Several reports have indicated that the long-term use of the antianginal drug Nicorandil, an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, increases the chances of ulceration and perforation from the oral to anal regions throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several of these drug features provide further insights into the role of potassium channels in the occurrence of ulceration in the GI tract. The purpose of this review is to investigate whether potassium channelopathies are involved in the mechanisms responsible for ulceration that occurs throughout the GI tract.
Politics of Teaching

This article explores the political aspects of applied linguistics and second language teaching. It examines mainstream and critical perspectives on language policy and planning (LPP), English as an international language, English for academic purposes (EAP), and adult second language teaching.
Whewell on classification and consilience.

Abstract In this paper I sketch William Whewell's attempts to impose order on classificatory mineralogy, which was in Whewell's day (1794–1866) a confused science of uncertain prospects. Whewell argued that progress was impeded by the crude reductionist assumption that all macroproperties of crystals could be straightforwardly explained by reference to the crystals' chemical constituents. By comparison with biological classification, Whewell proposed methodological reforms that he claimed would lead to a natural classification of minerals, which in turn would support advances in causal understanding of the properties of minerals. Whewell's comparison to successful biological classification is particularly striking given that classificatory biologists did not share an understanding of the causal structure underlying the natural classification of life (the common descent with modification of all organisms). Whewell's key proposed methodological reform is consideration of multiple, distinct principles of classification. The most powerful evidence in support of a natural classificatory claim is the consilience of claims arrived at through distinct lines of reasoning, rooted in distinct conceptual approaches to the target objects. Mineralogists must consider not only elemental composition and chemical affinities, but also symmetry and polarity. Geometrical properties are central to what makes an individual mineral the type of mineral that it is. In Whewell's view, function and organization jointly define life, and so are the keys to understanding what makes an organism the type of organism that it is. I explain the relationship between Whewell's teleological account of life and his natural theology. I conclude with brief comments about the importance of Whewell's classificatory theory for the further development of his philosophy of science and in particular his account of consilience.
Live restructuring of data architecture: WIP

In large-scale Earth System simulation codes, such as the Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME), complex user derived data types (containing large number of variables) are designed to represent the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere to project global climate under a wide variety of conditions.The following is our proposed approach to restructure the data architecture of a land component within the ACME project while the project is undergoing active development. The data architect for the land subsystem defines the new datatype requirements that would greatly simplify the implementation of terrestrial land submodels by converting more than 50 to just eight primary data-types. Since the code is developed with the community governance, we have to ensure that the restructuring does not interface the other development which, with dozens of changes occurring every day, make it impossible to work on a shared development branch. The active development also occurs on almost five hundred branches, making it extremely difficult to assess potential interactions.To address these challenges we have designed and started an iterative procedure for implementing the data restructuring and estimating both the effort it takes to restructure and the effort would save once the restructuring is implemented.
Effect of protic additives in Cu-catalysed asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions of doubly activated dienophiles: towards the synthesis of magellanine-type Lycopodium alkaloids.

The pronounced beneficial effect of a precise amount of protic additive in an enantioselective Cu-catalysed Diels–Alder reaction is reported. This reaction, which employs a cyclic alkylidene β-ketoester as a dienophile, represents one of the first examples of a transformation where these extremely versatile, though highly unstable reaction partners participate effectively in catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition with a functionalised diene. The cycloadduct was used as an intermediate towards the synthesis of magellanine-type Lycopodium alkaloids featuring a Stille cross-coupling of a highly congested enol triflate and a unique Meinwald rearrangement/cyclopropanation sequence.
The Impossibility of Forgetting: Would This Heart Forget You?

Would This Heart Forget You? (2009–2010) was a controversial program, taken off the air because of its challenging narrative, which explored connections between the 1980 coup and contemporary Turkey. The serial’s fictional protagonist reflects on the past during psychotherapy sessions in contemporary Turkey, reminiscing about torture and displacement as practices that ushered in the new social, political, and cultural landscape. This landscape includes new opposition movements such as those dedicated to human rights, feminism, and environmentalism. Remembering the past as a national childhood marked by tragedy, and the child as a person of unsettled heritage, the serial questions Turkish history and identity. It was discontinued amid protests by political and institutional figures, reports about low ratings, and televised pleas for audience support.
Structure-guided evolution of a 2-phenyl-4-carboxyquinoline chemotype into PPARα selective agonists: New leads for oculovascular conditions

Abstract Small molecule agonism of PPARα represents a promising new avenue for the development of non-invasive treatments for oculovascular diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein we report initial structure–activity relationships for the newly identified quinoline-based PPARα agonist, Y-0452. Preliminary computational studies led to the hypothesis that carboxylic acid transposition and deconstruction of the Y-0452 quinoline system would enhance ligand–protein interactions and better complement the nature of the binding pocket. A focused subset of analogs was designed, synthesized, and assessed for PPARα agonism. Two key observations arose from this work 1) contrary to other PPARα agonists, incorporation of the fibrate “head-group” decreases PPARα selectivity and instead provides pan-PPAR agonists and 2) computational models reveal a relatively unexploited amphiphilic pocket in PPARα that provides new opportunities for the development of novel agonists. As an example, compound 10 exhibits more potent PPARα agonism (EC50 = ∼6 µM) than Y-0452 (EC50 = ∼50 µM) and manifests >20-fold selectivity for PPARα over the PPARγ and PPARδ isoforms. More detailed biochemical analysis of 10 confirms typical downstream responses of PPARα agonism including PPARα upregulation, induction of target genes, and inhibition of cell migration.
Invention, Industry Standards, and Intellectual Property

When an industry standard incorporates a patented invention, the demand for products that comply with the standard has two components. Some of the demand may be for the inherent technical advantages of the invention; the patentee is generally entitled to revenues attributable to this demand. But some of the demand is for the benefits of standardization, such as interoperability, and the patentee is not entitled to revenues attributable to this demand. From this point, the article draws two conclusions. First, the amounts to which a patentee is entitled, either in litigation or in licensing negotiations, should be calculated by determining the portion of demand that is attributable to its invention. In some cases, there will be evidence from which one can make this determination directly; in others, there may be no such direct evidence, but it may still be possible to draw inferences regarding the contributions of the patentee. Second, because the contributions of the standard itself, like interoperability, are economically distinct, the "owner" of a standard - typically a standard-setting organization - should be allowed to negotiate license fees with the patentee of an invention incorporated in the standard.
Aging of cell membrane molecules: Band 3 and senescent cell antigen in neural tissue

Senescent cell antigen (SCA), an aging antigen, is a protein that appears on old cells and acts as a specific signal for the termination of that cell by initiating the binding of IgG autoantibody and subsequent removal by phagocytes (Kay 1975, 1978, 1981, 1984; Kay et al. 1986 and 1989; Hebber and Miller 1984; diner et al. 1986; Glass et al. 1983 and 1985; Bartosz et al. 1982a and b; Khansari et al. 1983; Khansari and Fudenberg 1983; Alderman et al. 1980; Tannert 1978; Wegner et al 1980; Walker et al. 1984; Kay et al 1983; Lutz et al. 1984; Muller and Lutz 1983). This appears to be a general physiologic process for removing senescent and damaged cells in mammals and other vertebrates (Kay 1981). Although the initial studies were done using human erythrocytes as a model senescent cell antigen has been found on all cells examined (Kay 1981). the aging antigen itself is generated by the degradation of an important structural and transport membrane molecule, protein band 3 (Kay 1984). Besides its role in the removal of senescent and damaged cells, senescent cell antigen also appears to be involved in the removal of erythrocytes in clinical hemolytic anemias (Hebbel and Miller 1984; Kay et al. 1989) and the removal of malaria-infected erythrocytes (Friedman et al. 1985; Dluzewski et al 1986). Oxidation generates senescent cell antigen in situ (Kay et al. 1986).
Integrative Properties of Parastriate Neurons

When a cat learns to associate a click with a light or a touch with a particular visual stimulus or discriminates one kind of visual stimulus from another, as judged by appropriate quantitative behavioral tests, we assume that there has occurred in the cats’s nervous system an alteration in the relationship between, for instance, the auditory and visual systems or the visual and somatosensory systems, as the case may be. The present research is aimed at discovering the mechanisms of such a change in relationships.
Integrating a Medical Home in an Outpatient Dialysis Setting: Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life.

Integrating primary care has been proposed to reduce fragmented care delivery for patients with complex medical needs. Because of their high rates of morbidity, healthcare use, and mortality, patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may benefit from increased access to a primary care medical home. To evaluate the effect of integrating a primary care medical home on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with ESKD receiving chronic hemodialysis. Before–after intervention trial with repeated measures at two Chicago dialysis centers. Patients receiving hemodialysis at either of the two centers. To the standard hemodialysis team (nephrologist, nurse, social worker, dietitian), we added a primary care physician, a pharmacist, a nurse coordinator, and a community health worker. The intervention took place from January 2015 through August 2016. Health-related quality of life, using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) measures. Of 247 eligible patients, 175 (71%) consented and participated; mean age was 54 years; 55% were men and 97% were African American or Hispanic. In regression analysis adjusted for individual visits with the medical home providers and other factors, there were significant improvements in four of five KDQOL domains: at 12 and 18 months, the Mental Component Score improved from baseline (adjusted mean 49.0) by 2.64 (p = 0.01) and 2.96 (p = 0.007) points, respectively. At 6 and 12 months, the Symptoms domain improved from baseline (adjusted mean = 77.0) by 2.61 (p = 0.02) and 2.35 points (p = 0.05) respectively. The Kidney Disease Effects domain improved from baseline (adjusted mean = 72.7), to 6, 12, and 18 months by 4.36 (p = 0.003), 6.95 (p < 0.0001), and 4.14 (p = 0.02) points respectively. The Physical Component Score improved at 6 months only. Integrating primary care and enhancing care coordination in two dialysis facilities was associated with improvements in HRQOL among patients with ESKD who required chronic hemodialysis.
Beckett Matters: Essays on Beckett's Late Modernism

Collects Stan Gontarski's finest essays on the work of Samuel Beckett over a forty-year period.Representing a profound engagement with the work of Samuel Beckett, this volume gathers the very best of Stan Gontarski's Beckett criticism on practical, theoretical and critical levels. Such a range suggests a multiplicity of approaches to a body of work itself multiple, produced by an artist who underwent any number of transformations and reinventions over his long writing career. Many of the essays collected here explore Beckett's debt to his age, Beckett very much a product of a culture in transition, which change he would help foster. But much of Beckett's creative struggle was to find a new way, his own way. Most of the essays that comprise this volume detail that struggle, toward a way we now call Beckettian.Key FeaturesIncludes 24 original essays divided into thematic sections: modernism, theory, editing, introducing, and performing and covers Beckett's drama, staging, fiction, poetry and proseUnique collection of Beckett scholarship by a leading Beckett critic and theatre director brought together for the first timeNew introductory essay reflecting on the development of Beckett scholarship