cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of acceptance sampling in modern quality control

Acceptance sampling procedures can be employedina program of accept ance control to achievebetterqualityat lowercost. An overview of the application of moder nacceptance samplingplans, schemes, andsys tems is described with emphas is on the iruse in facilitating process control. Sampling procedures must continually bemade to matchexist in gconditions, and to self-destruct whennolonger warranted. In this way they can be usedinane voluti on ary manne rina continuing program of acceptance control for quality improvement. Implemen- tation of process control canbefacilitated by on-going application of acceptance control to achieve the full be nefits of statistical quality control.
The relationship between the poisson-boltzmann model and the condensation hypothesis: an analysis based on the low salt form of the donnan coefficient

Abstract Two common models for the interaction of counterions with cylindrical polyions are considered in the context of the Donnan membrane equilibrium. General analytic expressions are obtained from the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the Donnan coefficient in terms of the potential at the surface of the polyion or the local concentration of unbound ions at the surface. Analysis based on these expressions shows that if, and only if, the polyion charge density exceeds a certain critical value a large local concentration of ions will persist near the polyion surface at low ionic strengths. We therefore conclude that this principal hypothesis of the condensation model is consistent with the characteristics of the Poisson-Boltzmann potential at the surface of the porion.
Resection of brain metastases from sarcoma

Background: Brain metastases from sarcoma are rare, and data concerning the treatment and results of therapy are sparse. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with brain metastases from sarcoma of skeletal or soft-tissue origin, surgically treated in a single institution during 20 years. Results: In 18 patients the brain lesion was located supratentorially, and in 7 patients infratentorially. Median age at brain metastasis diagnosis was 25 years. Median time from primary diagnosis to diagnosis of brain metastasis was 26.7 months. Lung metastases were present in 19 patients and in 8 patients they were synchronous with the brain lesion. Pulmonary metastases were resected in 12 patients (48% of total, and 63% of those with pulmonary lesions). The overall median survival from diagnosis of the primary sarcoma was 38 months and from craniotomy was 7 months. The presence or absence of lung lesions did not alter the median survival as calculated from diagnosis of brain metastasis. Overall percent survival was 40% at 1 year and 16% at 2 years. Conclusions: Because brain metastases from sarcoma are refractory to alternative treatment, surgical excision is indicated when feasible. Brain metastases from sarcoma are uncommon, usually occurring with or after lung metastasis. Long-term survival is possible in some patients.
Modulations of nerve growth factor and Bcl‐2 in ultraviolet‐irradiated human epidermis

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to the skin causes apoptosis of keratinocytes. Melanocytes are more resistant to UV-induced apoptosis, due, in part, to high levels of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2. In vitro studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophic polypeptide, is produced by keratinocytes and exerts a protective role for melanocytes by upregulating Bcl-2. The purpose of this study was to determine NGF and Bcl-2 modulations in UV-irradiated human skin. Methods: Nine volunteers were irradiated with two minimal erythema doses using solar-simulated UV irradiation. Seventy-two hours post irradiation, skin biopsies were obtained from irradiated and sun-protected skin. The skin specimens were stained with anti-tyrosinase-related protein-1 monoclonal antibody IgG2a (Mel-5), anti-Bcl-2 (monoclonal antibody IgG-kappa), and with anti-NGF (polyclonal antibody IgG). Results: NGF staining was identified within the cytoplasm of epidermal melanocytes, similar to the staining observed for TRP-1 and Bcl-2. While no significant difference in the number of TRP-1- and Bcl-2-positive melanocytes was observed between irradiated and non-irradiated skin within 72 h, the number of NGF-positive melanocytes decreased significantly, 72 h after UV irradiation (p < 0.024). NGF was also identified within keratinocytes, and while non-irradiated skin exhibited cytoplasmic NGF staining throughout the epidermis, NGF staining was reduced in the lower epidermal layers after UV irradiation. Conclusions: This is the first in vivo study showing NGF to be present in melanocytes, as well as showing modulations of NGF and Bcl-2 in melanocytes, following solar-simulated UV irradiation.
High Resolution X-Ray Scattering Measurements For The Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF)

The image quality of a high resolution x-ray telescope is determined both by the accuracy to which the optics can be figured and by the smoothness of the reflecting surfaces. The former determines the angular resolution, and the latter, through scattering, affects the fraction of flux within the resolution element. This paper describes a research program designed to enhance the understanding and characterization of x-ray reflecting surfaces with regard to their scattering properties. Included are representative measurements, at the subarcsecond level, of the x-ray scattering from a variety of flat reflectors, and measurements of the surface roughness of a large number of flat reflectors by more traditional methods. This work is part of a technology study for the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, a near earth-orbiting x-ray observatory to be launched by the Space Shuttle in the late 1980's
Effects of dietary fiber on intake, milk yield, and digestion by lactating dairy cows during cool or hot, humid weather.

Lactating cows were offered diets with increasing neutral detergent fiber concentrations to determine the effects on intake, milk yield and composition, blood hormones, and nutrient digestion during cool or hot weather conditions. Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay was substituted for corn silage so that the forage portion of diets were: 1) 40% corn silage (control), 2) 32.4% corn silage, 7.6% bermudagrass, 3) 24.8% corn silage, 15.2% bermudagrass, or 4) 17.2% corn silage, 22.8% bermudagrass (dry basis). Dietary neutral detergent fiber concentrations (% dry matter) were 30.2, 33.8, 37.7, and 42.0, respectively. Intake of dry matter declined with increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber during cool and hot periods, but intake adjusted for cool weather treatment differences did not change further during hot weather. Milk yield declined linearly with increasing neutral detergent fiber during cool weather and changed quadratically during hot weather. Milk temperature declined with increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber for the p.m. milking during the cool period and declined with increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber for the a.m. and p.m. milkings during the hot period. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber improved and ruminal turnover of particulate digesta was increased with greater dietary neutral detergent fiber content. No dietary fiber level by hot weather interaction was observed, suggesting that total energy intake may have had a greater effect on milk yield than dietary fiber content during hot, humid weather.
Electrothermally actuated free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold

We present an electrothermally actuated MEMS lens scanner for board-to-board free-space optical interconnect systems capable of zero standby power. U-shaped thermal brakes, and lens frames are designed, fabricated, and characterized with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSELs) for dynamic beam steering. We demonstrate up to 170 µm displacement, at a maximum speed of 350 µm/s. The mechanical brakes have a holding force of 1.6 mN with switching speeds of up to 100Hz. A telecentric (4-f) optical interconnect operating at 1.25 Gb/s is demonstrated. The microlens scanner increases the tilt tolerance of the board by 2.5°.
Oxide-ion conductors by design

An oxide-ion conductor is a solid oxide material in which the oxygen ions are highly mobile. These materials form the basis of devices that have a huge market potential. The discovery of a new structural family of oxide-ion conductors may lead to fresh design strategies for finding new materials.
Treating factor interpretations as hypotheses

Factor analysis is used extensively in the construction of psychometric scales. It may appear to be a mathematically precise and objective technique, but it involves many subjective choices and its results require subjective interpretation. Factor interpretations are hypotheses that should be tested, yet often are accepted simply on the basis of post hoc expert judgment. Untested judgments about the meaning of factors sometimes result in mislabeling of published scales and misinterpretation of research findings. This article cites several such cases to illustrate the need for testing factor interpretation hypotheses and the difficulty of doing so without bias. Techniques for generating and testing such hypotheses are then reviewed.
Relationship between glycemic control and readmission rates in patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure during implementation of hospital-wide initiatives.

Objective: To determine the relationship between inpatient glycemic control and hospital readmission in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods: We used an electronic data collection tool to identify patients with a discharge diagnosis of CHF who underwent point-of-care glucose assessments. Timeweighted mean glucose (TWMG), hemoglobin A1c, and glycemic lability index (GLI) served as glycemic indicators, and readmission for CHF was determined at 30 days and between 30 and 90 days.Results: The analysis included 748 patients. After adjustment for significant covariates, log-transformed increasing TWMG (odds ratio 3.3; P = .03) and log-transformed hemoglobin A1c (odds ratio 5.5; P = .04) were independently associated with higher readmission for CHF between 30 and 90 days, but not by 30 days. Renal disease, African American race, and year of hospital admission were also significantly associated with readmission, but GLI was not. There was no significant difference in TWMG when analyzed on the basi...
Below-minimum-wage workers: Implications for minimum-wage models

Abstract Prior research on minimum wage employment tends to assume that coverage is either universal or easily estimated. In reality, coverage of teenagers and youth is low and results from a diversity of both employer and employee characteristics. Failure to recognize this has biased prior estimates of noncompliance and displacement. This study uses the NLSY to document the prevalence of below-minimum wage jobs among young workers and show their links to both worker and employer characteristics.
Capacity of Ad Hoc wireless networks

Early simulation experience with wireless ad hoc networks suggests that their capacity can be surprisingly low, due to the requirement that nodes forward each others' packets. The achievable capacity depends on network size, traffic patterns, and detailed local radio interactions. This paper examines these factors alone and in combination, using simulation and analysis from first principles. Our results include both specific constants and general scaling relationships helpful in understanding the limitations of wireless ad hoc networks.We examine interactions of the 802.11 MAC and ad hoc forwarding and the effect on capacity for several simple configurations and traffic patterns. While 802.11 discovers reasonably good schedules, we nonetheless observe capacities markedly less than optimal for very simple chain and lattice networks with very regular traffic patterns. We validate some simulation results with experiments.We also show that the traffic pattern determines whether an ad hoc network's per node capacity will scale to large networks. In particular, we show that for total capacity to scale up with network size the average distance between source and destination nodes must remain small as the network grows. Non-local traffic-patterns in which this average distance grows with the network size result in a rapid decrease of per node capacity. Thus the question “Are large ad hoc networks feasible?” reduces to a question about the likely locality of communication in such networks.
The National Farm Worker Ministry as Freirian Apprenticeship

Abstract In “Education, liberation and the church,” Paulo Freire uses the metaphor of apprenticeship to describe a form of liberative education for people of faith who begin to discover the ways in which they benefit from the systemic oppression of other human beings. As depicted in ten oral history interviews conducted with the organization's staff, board members, and volunteer supporters, the National Farm Worker Ministry emerges as a contemporary example of Freirian apprenticeship that can offer valuable insight to those seeking to promote similar educational experiences.
Similarity Judgments: Philosophical, Psychological and Mathematical Investigations

This study investigates similarity judgments from two angles. First, we look at models suggested in the psychology and philosophy literature which capture the essence of concept similarity evaluation for humans. Second, we analyze the properties of many metrics which simulate such evaluation capabilities. The first angle reveals that non-experts can judge similarity and that their judgments need not be based on predefined traits. We use such conclusions to inform us on how gold standards for word sense disambiguation tasks could be established. From the second angle, we conclude that more attention should be paid to metric properties before assigning them to perform a particular task.
Exploring expert confidence in cost estimates for nuclear power engineering, procurement and construction projects – a survey of nuclear industry experts

Nuclear power is currently undergoing a renaissance because of increasing energy demand and the ability of nuclear power to provide low-emissions, base-load power supply. However, the industry has been historically plagued with considerable technology deployment risks, with project cost and schedule overruns presenting a significant risk to nuclear plant investors. Considerable uncertainties exist with new nuclear power deployment, and there is a lack of a standardised industry approach to characterising, assessing and acting on these uncertainties to limit the variability on eventual project performance. This study identifies the major causes of risks in nuclear power plant deployment projects, and the role of project risk-management, as defined as the framework for creating awareness, assessment and action on risk. The study is performed through both a literature review of nuclear power plant project risk documentation, interviews with subject matter experts and a survey of a cross section of nuclear industry experts.
Quantitative characterization of biomolecular assemblies and interactions using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been applied in many biological investigations in the past 15 years. This review focuses on the application of AFM for quantitatively characterizing the structural and thermodynamic properties of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes. AFM can be used to determine the stoichiometries and association constants of multiprotein assemblies and to quantify changes in conformations of proteins and protein-nucleic acid complexes. In addition, AFM in solution permits the observation of the dynamic properties of biomolecular complexes and the measurement of intermolecular forces between biomolecules. Recent advances in cryogenic AFM, AFM on two-dimensional crystals, carbon nanotube probes, solution imaging, high-speed AFM, and manipulation capabilities enhance these applications by improving AFM resolution and the dynamic and operative capabilities of the AFM. These developments make AFM a powerful tool for investigating the biomolecular assemblies and interactions that govern gene regulation.
Use and indication of vitamin D and vitamin D analogues in patients with renal bone disease

Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and treatment of renal bone disease. Vitamin D levels decline in the early phase of renal failure, however, through a compensatory mechanism parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3), calcitriol) to return it to normal circulating concentrations. Nevertheless, resistance to calcitriol is observed and may be related to the decreased presence of the heterodimeric, DNA-binding partner for the vitamin D receptor protein. In end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) the circulating levels of calcitriol are invariably low. The indications of vitamin D therapy are the replacement of the missing hormone vs suppression of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) requiring daily low-dose oral vs intermittent 'pulse' or oral administration. However, this therapy must be accompanied by careful patient monitoring to avoid hypercalcaemia and low bone turnover. Low bone turnover is not merely a histologic entity, but a clinical condition associated with a high risk of extraosseous calcifications, in particular in the cardiovascular system, leading to increased morbidity. Thus, determination of bone turnover in patients with ESKD is essential. Bone biopsy is the gold standard to assess bone turnover, however, it is not always available and nephrologists rely on PTH levels. The intact PTH assay measures PTH(1-84) and large C-PTH fragments, which may antagonize the PTH(1-84) effects on bone. An assay that measures exclusively PTH(1-84) has recently become available and a calculated PTH(1-84)/C-PTH fragment ratio has been shown to be the best predictor of bone turnover in patients with ESKD not treated with vitamin D or with other medications known to affect bone metabolism. 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D(3) (22-oxacalcitriol, OCT) is a vitamin D analogue that could control serum PTH concentrations without deleterious effects on bone.
The heart in Friedreich's Ataxia: Basic findings and clinical implications

Friedreich's Ataxia is the most common inherited ataxia in man. It is a mitochondrial disease caused by severely reduced expression of the iron binding protein, frataxin. A large GAA triplet expansion in the human FRDA gene encoding this protein inhibits expression of this gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and typically diagnosed in childhood. The primary symptoms include severe and progressive neuropathy, and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that may cause death. The cardiomyopathy is difficult to treat and is frequently associated with arrhythmias, heart failure, and intolerance of cardiovascular stress, such as surgeries. Innovative approaches to therapy, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, and enzyme replacement with cell penetrant peptide fusion proteins, hold promise for this and other similar mitochondrial disorders. This review will focus on the basic findings of this disease, and the cardiomyopathy associated with its diagnosis.
Left Lower Extremity Pain and Swelling

*Division of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, †Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Reprint Address:David F.M. Brown, MD, Department of EmergencyMedicine,Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Founders 114, Boston, MA 02114
Detection-time-bin-shift polarization encoding quantum key distribution system

A detection-time-bin-shift scheme for polarization encoding QKD is proposed. This scheme reduces cost and overcomes the security loss caused by dead-time and unbalanced characteristics of detectors. This scheme is experimentally demonstrated with the B92 protocol.
Cardioprotective Benefits of Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener Diazoxide Are Lost with Administration after the Onset of Stress in Mouse and Human Myocytes

Background Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (K ATP ) potassium channel opener diazoxide (DZX) maintains myocyte volume and contractility during stress via an unknown mechanism when administered at the onset of stress. This study was performed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of DZX when added after the onset of the stresses of hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, and hypo-osmotic stress. Study Design Isolated mouse ventricular and human atrial myocytes were exposed to control Tyrode's solution (TYR) for 10 to 20 minutes, test solution for 30 minutes (hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegia [CPG], CPG + 100uM diazoxide [CPG+DZX], metabolic inhibition [MI], MI+DZX, mild hypo-osmotic stress [0.9T], or 0.9T + DZX), with DZX added after 10 or 20 minutes of stress, followed by 20 minutes of re-exposure to TYR (±DZX). Myocyte volume (human + mouse) and contractility (mouse) were compared. Results Mouse and human myocytes demonstrated significant swelling during exposure to CPG, MI, and hypo-osmotic stress that was not prevented by DZX when administered either at 10 or 20 minutes after the onset of stress. Contractility after the stress of CPG in mouse myocytes significantly declined when DZX was administered 20 minutes after the onset of stress (p Conclusions To maintain myocyte volume homeostasis and contractility during stress (hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, and hypo-osmotic stress), K ATP channel opener diazoxide requires administration at the onset of stress in this isolated myocyte model. These data have potential implications for any future clinical application of diazoxide.
Lifetime selection on a hypoallometric size trait in the spotted hyena

Size-related traits are common targets of natural selection, yet there is a relative paucity of data on selection among mammals, particularly from studies measuring lifetime reproductive success (LRS). We present the first phenotypic selection analysis using LRS on size-related traits in a large terrestrial carnivore, the spotted hyena, which displays a rare pattern of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Using path analysis, we investigate the operation of selection to address hypotheses proposed to explain SSD in spotted hyenas. Ideal size measures are elusive, and allometric variation often obfuscates interpretation of size proxies. We adopt a novel approach integrating two common methods of assessing size, and demonstrate lifetime selection on size-related traits that scale hypoallometrically with overall body size. Our data support selection on hypoallometric traits in hyenas, but not on traits exhibiting isometric or hyperallometric scaling relationships, or on commonly used measures of overall body size. Our results represent the first estimate of lifetime selection on a large carnivore, and suggest a possible route for maintenance of female-biased SSD in spotted hyenas. Finally, our results highlight the importance of choosing appropriate measures when estimating animal body size, and suggest caution in interpreting selection on size-related traits as selection on size itself.
Rapid signaling of estrogen in hypothalamic neurons involves a novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor that activates protein kinase C

Classically, 17beta-estradiol (E2) is thought to control homeostatic functions such as reproduction, stress responses, feeding, sleep cycles, temperature regulation, and motivated behaviors through transcriptional events. Although it is increasingly evident that E2 can also rapidly activate kinase pathways to have multiple downstream actions in CNS neurons, the receptor(s) and the signal transduction pathways involved have not been identified. We discovered that E2 can alter mu-opioid and GABA neurotransmission rapidly through nontranscriptional events in hypothalamic GABA, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and dopamine neurons. Therefore, we examined the effects of E2 in these neurons using whole-cell recording techniques in ovariectomized female guinea pigs. E2 reduced rapidly the potency of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen to activate G-protein-coupled, inwardly rectifying K+ channels in hypothalamic neurons. These effects were mimicked by the membrane impermeant E2-BSA and selective estrogen receptor modulators, including a new diphenylacrylamide compound, STX, that does not bind to intracellular estrogen receptors alpha or beta, suggesting that E2 acts through a unique membrane receptor. We characterized the coupling of this estrogen receptor to a Galpha(q)-mediated activation of phospholipase C, leading to the upregulation of protein kinase Cdelta and protein kinase A activity in these neurons. Moreover, using single-cell reverse transcription-PCR, we identified the critical transcripts, PKCdelta and its downstream target adenylyl cyclase VII, for rapid, novel signaling of E2 in GABA, POMC, and dopamine neurons. Therefore, this unique Gq-coupled estrogen receptor may be involved in rapid signaling in hypothalamic neurons that are critical for normal homeostatic functions.
Inferences Concerning a Mean Vector when the Variables are Grouped into Subsets

In experiments involving multivariate measurements biological considerations often indicate a grouping of the variables into subsets such that all the variables in a subset are equally important and the subsets may be arranged in a decreasing order of importance (JENSEN, 1972). This paper deals with a method of analysis appropriate in such cases, to solve multivariate problems such as profile analysis, comparison of two mean vectors, or univariate problems such as analysis of SCHEFFE'S mixed effects model with interaction (SCHEFFE, 1959; MILLER, 1966), usually treated using HOTELLING'S T2. An invariance structure underlying this procedure is examined and used to obtain noncentrality parameters of the power function, and derive some of its properties. The multiple comparisons procedure in MUDHOLKAR and SUBBAIAH (1976) is extended and illustrated in terms of the data from a clinical trial.
Financial Strain Is Associated with Malnutrition Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women

This study examined the relationship between financial strain, or difficulty acquiring necessities, and malnutrition risk in a community dwelling sample of frail and nonfrail women aged 70–79 in the Women’s Health and Aging Study (). Malnutrition risk was measured with a modified version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and defined as a score <11, financial strain was measured by (1) sufficiency of money on a monthly basis and (2) adequacy of income for food, and income was measured by ordinal categories. Mean (SD) modified MNA-SF score was 12.2 (1.80), and 14.7% of women had malnutrition risk. Women who usually did not have enough money to make ends meet had more than four-fold increased odds of malnutrition risk (; 95% CI: 2.26, 9.14) compared to their counterparts who had some money left over each month. This was only slightly attenuated after control for income and education, (; 95% CI: 1.95, 8.52) remaining robust. These results show an association between financial strain and malnutrition risk, independent of income, in older women. Self-reported financial strain may be preferable to income as a screener for malnutrition risk in older adults in clinical and research settings.
P50 sensory gating: impact of high vs. low schizotypal personality and smoking status.

Abstract Sensory gating deficits are seen in individuals with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorders, yet smoking influence, regional or lateral difference effects are rarely assessed. We examined sensory gating in smokers and non-smokers within university-level high and low schizotypal personality (HiS and LoS) groups using Raine's (1991) [Raine, A., 1991. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ): A measure of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophr. Bull. 17, 555–564] Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Among 39 (18 men; 19 smokers) right-handed undergraduates, a paired-tone paradigm (40 pairs; 10 s ISI; 70 dB, 1000 Hz) was presented in two conditions (smokers while abstaining and after smoking). Sensory gating [S2(P50–N40)/S1(P50–N40)] was assessed at frontal, fronto-central, central, centro-parietal, and parietal midline and lateralized sites. Sensory gating was better at (1) midline than left/right hemispheric sites, and (2) fronto-central and central midline sites. At fronto-central/central lateral sites, (1) among non-smokers, better sensory gating occurred in LoS than HiS, (2) among smokers, better sensory gating occurred in HiS than LoS, and (3) among LoSs, smokers showed less sensory gating than non-smokers. No acute smoking effects emerged. Unlike schizophrenia studies, smoking did not impact sensory gating. Differences among smokers and non-smokers in LoS and HiS groups reinforce need to evaluate both smoking and schizotypal characteristics, as well as midline and lateral sites in anterior to posterior regions, in sensory gating studies.
BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY AND DEFINITIVE IRRADIATION FOR EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER

Abstract Breast conserving surgery and postoperative breast radiotherapy were used to treat 219 cases of AJCC Stage I and II breast carcinoma at the Michael Reese and University of Chicago Hospitals. Most patients were treated with lumpectomy and axillary sampling followed by breast irradiation to a dose of 46 Gy followed by a boost dose of 14–16 Gy to the surgical bed. The 5-year actuarial local control is 92%. Follow-up is 1 to 10 years and the median follow-up is 36 months. Of the seven patients who recurred in the breast, three failed in the boost site and three failed adjacent to the boost site. The seventh patient recurred diffusely in the breast and skin. Four of the seven recurrences were in patients with positive surgical margins. The 5-year actuarial relapse-free survival is 80%. Factors which had an adverse affect on the cosmetic results were a scar length greater than 8 cm and a volume of resected breast tissue greater than 100 cm 3 Treatment related complications were minor and infrequent. Breast conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy is effective in achieving local control with good to excellent cosmetic results.
Classifying land development in high resolution satellite images using straight line statistics

We introduce a set of measures based on straight lines to assess land development levels in high resolution (1 meter) satellite images. Urban areas exhibit a preponderance of straight line features, generally appearing in fairly simple, quasiperiodic organizations. Wilderness and rural areas produce line structures in more random spatial arrangements. We use this observation to perform an initial triage on the image to restrict the attention of subsequent, more computationally intensive analyses. We extract statistical measures based on straight lines to guide the analysis. We base these measures on orientation, length, contrast, periodicity and location. We trained and tested parametric and non-parametric classifiers using the feature set. Finally, we introduce a decision system performing region classification via an overlapped voting method for consensus discovery.
Carcinoma of the Testis: Pathology

The basis of the current classification of testicular germ cell tumors was established by the work of Friedman and Moore, who reviewed almost 1000 cases of testicular cancer and published their findings in 1946 (Friedman and Moore 1946). Refinements to their classification were based on observations of many but by Teilum in particular. Mostofi and Sobin, with the assistance of a distinguished group of pathologists, created the World Health Organization classification in the 1970s, the preferred classification in the United States. PUGH and his colleagues established a somewhat comparable classification, the British Testicular Tumor Panel classification. Skakkebaek and colleagues, through numerous publications, have demonstrated the importance of carcinoma in situ, or intratubular germ cell neoplasia, defining the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors. The classification of germ cell tumors created a framework to evaluate therapeutic strategies, leading to a dramatic decrease in the mortality among patients with a highly lethal tumor. Additionally, the work has led to a histogenetic scheme that has provided the framework to formulate hypotheses that can answer the many remaining questions concerning testicular cancer (Leahy 1992; Ginsburg 1997).
Essential literature for the chiropractic profession: a survey of chiropractic research leaders.

Background Evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) is an accepted practice for informed clinical decision making in mainstream health care professions. EBCP augments clinical experience and can have far reaching effects in education, policy, reimbursement and clinical management. The proliferation of published research can be overwhelming—finding a mechanism to identify literature that is essential for practitioners and students is desirable. The purpose of this study was to survey leaders in the chiropractic profession on their opinions of essential literature for doctors of chiropractic, faculty, and students to read or reference.
Inside the guts of wood-eating catfishes: can they digest wood?

To better understand the structure and function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of wood-eating catfishes, the gross morphology, length, and microvilli surface area (MVSA) of the intestines of wild-caught Panaque nocturnus, P. cf. nigrolineatus “Maranon”, and Hypostomus pyrineusi were measured, and contrasted against these same metrics of a closely related detritivore, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus. All four species had anatomically unspecialized intestines with no kinks, valves, or ceca of any kind. The wood-eating catfishes had body size-corrected intestinal lengths that were 35% shorter than the detritivore. The MVSA of all four species decreased distally in the intestine, indicating that nutrient absorption preferentially takes place in the proximal and mid-intestine, consistent with digestive enzyme activity and luminal carbohydrate profiles for these same species. Wild-caught Pt. disjunctivus, and P. nigrolineatus obtained via the aquarium trade, poorly digested wood cellulose (<33% digestibility) in laboratory feeding trials, lost weight when consuming wood, and passed stained wood through their digestive tracts in less than 4 h. Furthermore, no selective retention of small particles was observed in either species in any region of the gut. Collectively, these results corroborate digestive enzyme activity profiles and gastrointestinal fermentation levels in the fishes’ GI tracts, suggesting that the wood-eating catfishes are not true xylivores such as beavers and termites, but rather, are detritivores like so many other fishes from the family Loricariidae.
Vibration Identification in Rotating Equipment

The principal causes of vibrations in rotating machinery are discussed with particular attention given to the condition of resonance and how it affects a machine-foundation unit. Experimental procedures are outlined which will guide the engineer in determining the cause of vibration in a rotating machine. A case study is presented which involves an induced draft fan in a power plant, a retrofit situation, and a resonance situation. The procedure which was used to determine the cause of the excessive vibration is discussed and the structural modifications required on the foundation to eliminate the problem are given.
Serum Glycoproteins and Malignant Neoplastic Disorders

(1977). Serum Glycoproteins and Malignant Neoplastic Disorders. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 333-362.
Reporting on Federal Fiscal Sustainability in the United States

This paper presents a brief description of fiscal sustainability and government budget accounting issues - as they are being hotly debated in the United States. The debate is proceeding in the context of two projects underway at the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). One of these projects concerns the accounting of expenditures of U.S. social insurance programs - focusing on when program benefits should be 'recognized' and reported as federal liabilities. The second project involves estimating and reporting on the entire federal government’s financial condition, taking account of all projected expenditures and revenues under 'current laws.' The two projects are clearly related because estimates show that prospectively, an overwhelming share of U.S. federal fiscal imbalances are attributable to three major social insurance and welfare programs - Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security.
Review of “Film Criticism, the Cold War, and the Blacklist: Reading the Hollywood Reds,” by Jeff Smith

Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 2014, 368 pp., $65.00, ISBN: 978-0-520-28068-7As one of the most widely discussed and researched subjects within the field of film studies, the Hollywo...
Carbohydrate Metabolism during the Postprandial Intestinal Hyperemia

AbstractIntestinal carbohydrate uptake and utilization were studied before and during the perfusion of the canine jejunal lumen with food. Under conditions of normal oxygen consumption (1.8 ml O2/min/100 g) and blood flow (46.4 ± 3.5 ml/min/100 g), intestinal glucose uptake was low (2 mg/min/100 g) and glucose utilization was aerobic. When food was present in the lumen, there was a 15% increase in intestinal metabolism, as measured by oxygen consumption, while lactic acid production increased threefold. This increase in lactic acid production was not due to a shift in glycolysis toward lactic acid synthesis as the venous lactic acid/pyruvic acid concentration ratio actually decreased. Intestinal glucose utilization was offset by carbohydrate absorption as glucose uptake from arterial blood decreased. The data suggest that a relatively greater proportion of intestinal energy demand is met by glycolysis during the absorption of nutrients than at rest and supports the findings of other investigators that a p...
The In Vitro Action of Immune Rat Serum on the Nematode, Nippostrongylus Muris

In a previous paper (Sarles and Taliaferrol), evidence was presented that acquired immunity to Nippostrongylus muris in the rat (1) has to a large extent an antibody basis since it is passively transferable, (2) is manifested locally in the skin, lungs and intestine, and (3) may involve a precipitin, since masses of precipitate are found around the anterior end and in the intestine of worms retained in the skin and lungs of immune rats. The study of this parasite in vitro in immune rat serum offered a means of securing direct evidence of the action of the antibody on the parasite in a situation free of cellular elements and other factors present in the living host. An abstract summary of the present work has been published previously.2 The author is indebted to Prof. William H. Taliaferro for advice in planning the experiments. Blacklock, Gordon and Fine3 report the only known case of the formation of precipitate about a metazoan parasite in vitro. They attempted to duplicate in vitro the sequence of events which led to the formation of a precipitate and the death of the larvae in an immune animal and found that fly maggots (Cordylobia anthropophaga) removed from the skin of "normal" guinea pigs became surrounded with precipitate when placed in immune serum. Schwartz4 reported that serum from animals infected with Trichinella spiralis had no effect in vitro on the larvae of this roundworm digested from trichinous meat, and Sandground' likewise obtained negative results when larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and S. fuilleborni were placed in serums from a number of "naturally immune" and "actively immune" animals. Neither of the latter authors was dealing with serum of proven antibody content, and both mention early death of the parasites due to heavy bacterial growth.
Changes of blood electrolytes and lipids in type 1 diabetes meilitus children with ketoacidosis(DKA)

Objective To analyze blood electrolyte and serum lipid profiles,and to study the relationship between hypokalemia and the effect of insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus children with ketoacidosis.Methods The clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of the 101 type 1 diabetes mellitus children were collected,who were firstly diagnosed in our hospital from 1999 to 2004.The blood electrolyte and serum lipids recorded at diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.The effect ofwas studied.Results Mild,moderate and severe ketoacidosis were in 16 children(15.8%), 9Chidren(8.9%),17 children(16.8%),respectively.The blood glucose,anion gap,TG,and TC were higher in DKA group than those in non-DKA group.Eleven patients had pseudohyponatremia.The occurrence rate of hypokalemia in DKA group and non-DKA group was 22/42(52.4%) and 20/59(33.9%),respectively.The duration of hospitalization and duration of hypokalemia recovery in DKA group and non-DKA group was(13.64±4.77)d,(140.0±10.6)h and (10.75±4.92)d,(96.0±11.8)h,respectively.There were differences between the two groups.The time of blood glucose getting normal was 3.6～8.4 h in DKA with hypokalemia group,5.8～12.2 h in DKA without hypokalemia group.There were differences between the two groups(t=5.623,P＜0.01).The time of ketosis and urine Ketone becoming negative in DKA without hypokalemia group was shorter than that in DKA with hypokalemia group.There were significant differences between the two groups(t=5.623 P＜0.01;t=6.167,P＜0.01).Conclusions Parents should know the importance of pseudohyponatremia in children.Elevation of blood glucose may increase the incidence rate of hypokalemia.Insulin should be reduced in the amount in type 1 diabetes mellitus children with DKA.
G481 Growing up in PICU

Background Approximately half of all children admitted to PICU in the United Kingdom are infants (under 1 year of age). We perceive that the length of PICU stay for infants is increasing over time. Aims To describe the following trends in infants, in our institution: Crude numbers of proportions of PICU admission Length of PICU stay (LOS) Mortality rate, up to two years of age Methods Single centre multi-disciplinary PICU, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected anonymised data of all PICU admissions from PICU database, between 1 September 1995 and 31 August 2015 (20 years). Infant admission was defined as age ≤365 days at PICU admission. Long-stay was defined as cumulative PICU stay of ≥28 days. Results Of 19,140 patients (23,306 admissions; 139,434 bed-days), 8647 patients (11,954 admissions) were infants at the time of admission. The proportion of infant admissions (mean 51%, range: 47–56%) and bed-days (60%, range: 52–66%) remained sTable. However, the mean length of stay per infant increased on average by 0.3 days/year (5.4 ± 6.8 to 11.5 ± 11.9 days; r 2 = 0.8; p 2 =0.7; p 2 =0.6; p Conclusions There is a steady trend towards increasing LOS for all infants over the last two decades in PICU. Long-stays are also increasing and they have a significantly higher mortality compared to overall infant and PICU population.
Improved success of living unrelated renal transplantation with cyclosporine immunosuppression.

AbstractKidney transplantation with a living unrelated donor was performed in 13 patients. The donors comprised 10 spouses, 2 brothers-in-law and 1 stranger. All donor-recipient pairs were red blood cell compatible with a negative T cell crossmatch. Five patients underwent transplantation before 1984 without cyclosporine immunosuppression; the 1-year patient and graft survival rates in this group were 40% and 20%, respectively. Eight patients have undergone transplantation since 1985 with cyclosporine immunosuppression. The 1-year patient and graft survival rates in this group were 100% and 88%, respectively (p = 0.03). Currently, 6 patients in the latter group have a well functioning graft with serum creatinine levels of 1.2 to 2.0mg./dl. (mean 1.5mg./dl.) and with followup of 1 to 6 years (mean 2.9 years). Excellent graft survival results can now be achieved with living unrelated donors and their expanded use can provide an important additional source of organs for transplantation.
ErbB2 inhibition by lapatinib promotes degradation of mutant p53 protein in cancer cells.

// Dun Li 1, 2 , Natalia D. Marchenko 1 1 Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA 2 Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA Correspondence to: Natalia D. Marchenko, email: natalia.marchenko@stonybrook.edu Keywords: lapatinib, mutant p53, ErbB2, Hsp90, MDM2 Received: July 28, 2016 Accepted: October 13, 2016 Published: October 25, 2016 ABSTRACT Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most prevalent genetic events in human Her2-positive breast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis and survival. Human clinical data and our in vitro and in vivo studies strongly suggest potent oncogenic cooperation between mutant p53 and Her2 (ErbB2). Yet, the translational significance of mutant p53 in Her2 positive breast cancer, especially with respect to Her2-targeted therapies, has not been evaluated. Our previous work identified novel oncogenic activity of mutant p53 whereby mutp53 amplifies ErbB2 signaling via the mutp53-HSF1-ErbB2 feed-forward loop. Here we report that pharmacological interception of this circuit by ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib downregulates mutant p53 in vitro and in vivo . We found that ErbB2 inhibition by lapatinib inhibits transcription factor HSF1, and its target Hsp90, followed by mutant p53 degradation in MDM2 dependent manner. Thus, our data suggest that mutant p53 sensitizes cancer cells to lapatinib via two complementary mechanisms: mutant p53 mediated amplification of ErbB2 signaling, and simultaneous annihilation of both potent oncogenic drivers, ErbB2 and mutant p53. Hence, our study could provide valuable information for the optimization of therapeutic protocols to achieve superior clinical effects in the treatment of Her2 positive breast cancer.
18F-FDG silicon photomultiplier PET/CT: A pilot study comparing semi-quantitative measurements with standard PET/CT.

Purpose To evaluate if the new Discovery Molecular Insights (DMI) PET/CT scanner provides equivalent results compared to the standard of care PET/CT scanners (GE Discovery 600 or GE Discovery 690) used in our clinic and to explore any possible differences in semi-quantitative measurements. Methods The local Institutional Review Board approved the protocol and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Between September and November 2016, 50 patients underwent a single 18F-FDG injection and two scans: the clinical standard PET/CT followed immediately by the DMI PET/CT scan. We measured SUVmax and SUVmean of different background organs and up to four lesions per patient from data acquired using both scanners. Results DMI PET/CT identified all the 107 lesions detected by standard PET/CT scanners, as well as additional 37 areas of focal increased 18F-FDG uptake. The SUVmax values for all 107 lesions ranged 1.2 to 14.6 (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 2.8), higher on DMI PET/CT compared with standard of care PET/CT. The mean lesion:aortic arch SUVmax ratio and mean lesion:liver SUVmax ratio were 0.2–15.2 (mean ± SD: 3.2 ± 2.6) and 0.2–8.5 (mean ± SD: 1.9 ± 1.4) respectively, higher on DMI PET/CT than standard PET/CT. These differences were statistically significant (P value < 0.0001) and not correlated to the delay in acquisition of DMI PET data (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our study shows high performance of the new DMI PET/CT scanner. This may have a significant role in diagnosing and staging disease, as well as for assessing and monitoring responses to therapies.