cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress Report of Investigations relating to Repellents, Attractants and Larvicides for the Screw-worm and other Flies.

Among many tests of baits for use against the screw worm fly, (Chrysomya macellaria) and its relatives dried egg was found to be one of the most satisfactory. Over two hundred chemicals were tested as repellents for use on live stock. Some of the most promising were furfural, safrol, salicylic aldebyde, several essential oils—namely cloves, cassia, citronella, fennel, sassafras and anise—pine tar oils and certain camphor oils. A very effective repellent for practical use is a mixture of one part furfural to four parts pine tar oil. As a larvicide for use on wounds benzol is satisfactory.
A new statistical max operation for propagating skewness in statistical timing analysis

Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) is emerging as a solution for predicting the timing characteristics of digital circuits under process variability. For computing the statistical max of two arrival time probability distributions, existing analytical SSTA approaches use the results given by Clark in [8]. These analytical results are exact when the two operand arrival time distributions have jointly Gaussian distributions. Due to the nonlinear max operation, arrival time distributions are typically skewed. Furthermore, nonlinear dependence of gate delays and non-gaussian process parameters also make the arrival time distributions asymmetric. Therefore, for computing the max accurately, a new approach is required that accounts for the inherent skewness in arrival time distributions. In this work, we present analytical solution for computing the statistical max operation.1 First, the skewness in arrival time distribution is modeled by matching its first three moments to a so-called skewed normal distribution. Then by extending Clark's work to handle skewed normal distributions we derive analytical expressions for computing the moments of the max. We then show using initial simulations results that using a skewness based max operation has a significant potential to improve the accuracy of the statistical max operation in SSTA while retaining its computational efficiency.
Characterization of the electrocrystallization products of the mixed-donor system ET:MET (1:1) / I3 / TCE: How to get crystals with the ordered ß∗-(ET) 2I3 structure and a Tc of 4.6 K without applied pressure

Crystals that result from the electrocrystallization of a 1:1 mixture of the organic donor molecules ET and MET with the I3- anion are superconducting at ambient pressure, Tc = 4.6 K. Single crystal X-ray diffraction investigations (298 K) show that the crystals are s-(ET) 2I3 and little or no MET is incorporated. However, at 125 K no modulated structure is observed, instead the ethylene groups of the ET molecule are ordered. The conformation of the ET molecule is the same as that observed in s∗-(ET) 2I3, the high pressure form of s-(ET) 2I3, with Tc ∼ 8 K.
HIGH AND LOW LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL ADAPTATION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, AND PERFORMANCE

In this study, we have examined high and low levels of organizational adaptation to environmental change by analyzing strategy, structure, and performance relationships. Our results indicate that organizations with particular levels of adaptation tend to have specific strategy-structure arrangements which yield certain performance results. Organizations with an optimum strategy-structure match tend to have higher performances. Implications for future research in organizational adaptation are discussed.
A sample collector for robotic sample return missions III: Impact survivability studies

Abstract Laboratory impact tests have been performed on experimental versions of a proposed robotic sample collector for extraterrestrial samples. The collector consists of a retractable aluminum ring containing an impregnable silicone compound that is pressed into the surface of the body to be sampled. As part of a comprehensive program to evaluate this idea, we have performed tests to determine if the samples embedded in the collector medium can survive the impact forces experienced during direct reentry, such as that of the recent Genesis sample return mission. For the present study, samples of sand, rock, glass, and chalk were subjected to decelerations of 1440–2880 g using drop tests. We found that even the most fragile samples, chosen to be representative of a wide range of the types of materials found on the surface of asteroids that have currently been studied, can withstand impacts of the intensity experienced by a sample return capsule during direct reentry.
Children's understanding of the interpersonal consequences of dissemblance of nonverbal emotional-expressive behavior.

Eighty-five children in three age groups (6–7, 10–11, and 13–14 years) participated in an interview study in which their beliefs were elicited about how others are likely to react when one presents an “emotional front.” They also responded to questions about (a) their preference for adults versus peers as targets of genuine emotional expressiveness, (b) expected outcomes for children who either almost never reveal their feelings or who almost always do, and (c) how they construct a balance for themselves between when to reveal their real feelings and when not to. Age and sex differences were found for some social contexts and not for others. The oldest girls stood out on a number of comparisons as a unique group: They were more likely to believe that dissembled expressions would be taken at face value in a couple of social contexts, they were more likely to prefer peers as the recipients of genuine emotional-expressive displays, and they gave more complex reasoning about how to achieve a balance between dissemblance and expression of genuine feelings. The data are discussed from the standpoint of how naive theories of emotion are used by children to make sense of their social relations.
Curriculum Integration in the General Music Classroom

Arts integration is a topic that has been researched and discussed by music educators and general educators alike. Some feel this is a worthwhile endeavor in both the arts classroom and the general...
Improved method for measuring the ensemble average of strand breaks in genomic DNA.

The cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is the major photoproduct induced in DNA by low wavelength ultraviolet radiation. An improved method was developed to detect CPD formation and removal in genomic DNA that avoids the problems encountered with the standard method of endonuclease detection of these photoproducts. Since CPD-specific endonucleases make single-strand cuts at CPD sites, quantification of the frequency of CPDs in DNA is usually done by denaturing gel electrophoresis. The standard method of ethidium bromide staining and gel photography requires more than 10 μg of DNA per gel lane, and correction of the photographic signal for the nonlinear film response. To simplify this procedure, a standard Southern blot protocol, coupled with phosphorimage analysis, was developed. This method uses random hybridization probes to detect genomic sequences with minimal sequence bias. Because of the vast linearity range of phosphorimage detection, scans of the signal profiles for the heterogeneous population of DNA fragments can be integrated directly to determine the number-average size of the population. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:166–174, 2001 © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Suggestions for providing services to the handicapped in Latin America

Abstract This paper discusses some issues involved in the transfer of models of programmes for the handicapped from the US to Latin America. It argues that different needs require a re-evaluation of criteria of efficiency and the uses of professional help in Latin-American programmes. A variety of studies by international organizations concerned with services for the handicapped (in the context of provision of general health services) as well as this author's experience indicate that such services should be more closely tied to the community, provided in places that do not cost a great deal of money to construct or maintain, and delivered by local people who are involved in the daily lives of the recipients. This paper attempts to answer the question why Latin-American countries, despite such recommendations, continue to base their programmes on inappropriate and highly professionalized models from the US.
The Role of the International Law Commission in the Decade of International Law

The object of this study is, as suggested by its title: “The Role of the International Law Commission in the Decade of International Law”. In this exercise, the title role will be played by the International Law Commission in the context of the ‘Decade of International Law’ recently proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations. The contribution to be expected of the Commission will be viewed from the perspective of the prospect of enhancing the practice of states in the adoption of available means of their choice for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.
Confidence Measure for Word Alignment

In this paper we present a confidence measure for word alignment based on the posterior probability of alignment links. We introduce sentence alignment confidence measure and alignment link confidence measure. Based on these measures, we improve the alignment quality by selecting high confidence sentence alignments and alignment links from multiple word alignments of the same sentence pair. Additionally, we remove low confidence alignment links from the word alignment of a bilingual training corpus, which increases the alignment F-score, improves Chinese-English and Arabic-English translation quality and significantly reduces the phrase translation table size.
Reinforcement Learning for Mapping Instructions to Actions

In this paper, we present a reinforcement learning approach for mapping natural language instructions to sequences of executable actions. We assume access to a reward function that defines the quality of the executed actions. During training, the learner repeatedly constructs action sequences for a set of documents, executes those actions, and observes the resulting reward. We use a policy gradient algorithm to estimate the parameters of a log-linear model for action selection. We apply our method to interpret instructions in two domains --- Windows troubleshooting guides and game tutorials. Our results demonstrate that this method can rival supervised learning techniques while requiring few or no annotated training examples.
Advanced method for increasing the efficiency of white light quantum dot LEDs

Covering a light-emitting diode (LED) with quantum dots (QDs) can produce a broad spectrum of white light. However, current techniques for applying QDs to LEDs suffer from a high density of defects and a non-uniform distribution of QDs, which respec-tively diminish the efficiency and quality of emitted light. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has the unique capability to thermally anneal QD structures at extremely high power densities for very short durations. This process, called pulse thermal proc-essing (PTP), reduces the number of point defects while main-taining the size and shape of the original QD nanostructure. Therefore, the efficiency of the QD wavelength conversion layer is improved without altering the emission spectrum defined by the size distribution of the quantum dot nanoparticles. The cur-rent research uses a thermal model to predict annealing tempera-tures during PTP and demonstrates up to a 300% increase in pho-toluminescence for QDs on passive substrates
A synthesis of group dynamic processes and GDSS designs to foster innovative organizational decisions

Presents a synthesis of small group dynamics theory and practice that are of relevance to group decision support system (GDSS) designs, with special attention to the dynamics of productive discussion and innovative decision-making. Developing a climate conducive to innovational thinking in group decision situations requires the maintenance of equilibria between (1) the use of human judgment and analytic models; (2) conflict and conformity behaviors; and (3) the encouragement of open discussion tempered by the need to make progress. To facilitate the productiveness of group decision making and reduce meeting adversity, such balanced equilibria are proposed. >
POISSON study of electrostatic septa for the MIT-Bates SHR

The POISSON group of computer codes was used to study the details of field distributions of electrostatic septa for use with the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring (SHR). Studies were made to minimize field penetration and field gradients near the foil strips while satisfying the technical constraints. In addition, effects of upstream guard foils and an additional electrode opposite these foils on the field shapes were studied in great detail. The guard foils will shadow the main foils from the direct beam, and the electrode will prevent the secondary low-energy electrons from the guard foils from reaching the anode. The optimal configuration of foils and electrodes as well as the electric field shapes are presented. >
Determinants of expectations of retirement: evidence from a less developed country

This paper presents and tests a model of expectations of retirement, using data from a developing country. Using three stage least-squares, the expected amount of labour force participation at age 55 is shown to be positively related to current hours worked per week and to education. Current illness has little effect on quantity of employment at age 55. The effects of non-labour income sources are variable in sign and significance. The lack of significance is probably due to differences in the relevant time periods.
The Study of Linear Associative Algebras in the United States, 1870–1927

When the “modern algebra” of Emmy Noether and her school became known in the United States in the early 1930s it encountered and interacted with algebra as it had been known and practiced here. It should be useful to examine one aspect of that algebra in order to prepare a background for understanding the relationship of Noether’s work to that of algebraists in the United States. One area in particular, the study of hypercomplex number systems, or linear algebras as they came to be called, had a particularly American flavor in its development from 1870 to about 1927. For this reason and because much of Noether’s most influential work is related in some way to hypercomplex number systems, I shall examine this aspect of algebra. I will describe how hypercomplex numbers were viewed and what language was used to describe them, what were seen as major problems, and what principles guided American algebraists in this field during the period 1870–1927.
Error estimation for solution verification of stochastic problems in PIC plasma models

Summary form only given. When approximate methods are used to solve equations that represent a physical system of interest, a reliable and robust method of estimating the error and the convergence behavior of the model is critical to understand the quality of the solutions obtained. We present the current state of a method we're developing to estimate error with stochastic particle-in-cell plasma models as the target model application. Richardson extrapolation is a long tried and often very useful method for investigating the error we're interested in here. The standard application of Richardson extrapolation, however, is not adequate for our stochastic models, and so we're extending it to suit our purpose. Foremost, a least squares method is employed to estimate the Richardson parameters from a sample of system responses. Additionally, we employ a stochastic extension of Richardson extrapolation to estimate error bounds on the parameters themselves. A Child-Langmuir diode and a sheath of ionized hydrogen are presented as quasi-steady examples of the current method.
The most C‐terminal tri‐glycine segment within the polyglycine stretch of the pea Toc75 transit peptide plays a critical role for targeting the protein to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane

The protein translocation channel at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc75) is synthesized as a larger precursor with an N-terminal transit peptide. Within the transit peptide of the pea Toc75, a major portion of the 10 amino acid long stretch that contains nine glycine residues was shown to be necessary for directing the protein to the chloroplast outer membrane in vitro[Inoue K & Keegstra K (2003) Plant J34, 661–669]. In order to get insights into the mechanism by which the polyglycine stretch mediates correct targeting, we divided it into three tri-glycine segments and examined the importance of each domain in targeting specificity in vitro. Replacement of the most C-terminal segment with alanine residues resulted in mistargeting the protein to the stroma, while exchange of either of the other two tri-glycine regions had no effect on correct targeting. Furthermore, simultaneous replacement of the N-terminal and middle tri-glycine segments with alanine repeats did not cause mistargeting of the protein as much as those of the N- and C-terminal, or the middle and C-terminal segments. These results indicate that the most C-terminal tri-glycine segment is important for correct targeting. Exchanging this portion with a repeat of leucine or glutamic acid also caused missorting of Toc75 to the stroma. By contrast, its replacement with repeats of asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, and proline did not largely affect correct targeting. These data suggest that relatively compact and nonhydrophobic side chains in this particular region play a crucial role in correct sorting of Toc75.
Flow modulation of agonist (ATP)-response (Ca2+) coupling in vascular endothelial cells

ATP-induced increases of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured as a function of flow rate in single cell recordings within a confluent endothelial cell monolayer. Although flo...
InAs-Based Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Lasers Near 5.3 $\mu{\rm m}$

InAs-based interband cascade (IC) lasers with dielectric-metal hybrid top cladding layers were demonstrated at emission wavelengths near 5.3 μm for temperatures up to 248 K in continuous wave mode and 300 K in pulsed mode. Preliminary experimental results showed that these hybrid waveguide IC lasers had slightly better device performances in terms of operating temperature, compared to IC lasers with InAs plasmon cladding layers on both sides. The threshold current densities of these IC lasers were as low as 12 A/cm2 with voltage efficiency above 96% at 80 K. The output power of these IC lasers reached 120 mW/facet and a power efficiency of 21% was obtained at 80 K.
Step-response of a torsional device with multiple discontinuous non-linearities: Formulation of a vibratory experiment

Abstract A vehicle clutch damper is intentionally designed to contain multiple discontinuous non-linearities, such as multi-staged springs, clearances, pre-loads, and multi-staged friction elements. The main purpose of this practical torsional device is to transmit a wide range of torque while isolating torsional vibration between an engine and transmission. Improved understanding of the dynamic behavior of the device could be facilitated by laboratory measurement, and thus a refined vibratory experiment is proposed. The experiment is conceptually described as a single degree of freedom non-linear torsional system that is excited by an external step torque. The single torsional inertia (consisting of a shaft and torsion arm) is coupled to ground through parallel production clutch dampers, which are characterized by quasi-static measurements provided by the manufacturer. Other experimental objectives address physical dimensions, system actuation, flexural modes, instrumentation, and signal processing issues. Typical measurements show that the step response of the device is characterized by three distinct non-linear regimes (double-sided impact, single-sided impact, and no-impact). Each regime is directly related to the non-linear features of the device and can be described by peak angular acceleration values. Predictions of a simplified single degree of freedom non-linear model verify that the experiment performs well and as designed. Accordingly, the benchmark measurements could be utilized to validate non-linear models and simulation codes, as well as characterize dynamic parameters of the device including its dissipative properties.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion for Therapeutic Application

Human mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as an important candidate in cell therapy owing to their unique therapeutic properties. The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells will require a rapid cell expansion process with high reproducibility. The cell expansion process must also preserve the native cell properties during expansion and meet regulatory requirements. The microenvironmental factors that influence the phenotype of the mesenchymal stem cells are being identified and reproduced in bioreactor-based cell expansion processes, moving the cell production technology toward clinical application.
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeric Molecules

Protein degradation is one of the mechanisms employed by the cell for irreversibly destroying proteins. In eukaryotes, ATP-dependent protein degradation in the cytoplasm and nucleus is carried out by the 26S proteasome. Most proteins are targeted to the 26S proteasome by covalent attachment of a multiubiquitin chain. A key component of the enzyme cascade that results in attachment of the multiubiquitin chain to the target or labile protein is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls the specificity of the ubiquitination reaction. Defects in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis have been shown to result in a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. We have developed a novel approach to target proteins that cause cancer for ubiquitination and degradation. This technology, known as Protac, involves a chimeric molecule that could potentially recruit any cancer-causing protein to an E3 ligase for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In this chapter, we describe the development of this technology for cancer therapy.
In Defense of Citizens United

Citizens United v. FEC is one of the most reviled decisions of the Supreme Court in recent years. The President of the United States denounced it to the Justices’ faces at his 2011 State of the Union address. His 2008 opponent, John McCain, called it “the worst decision ever.” The Democratic Party is pledged to reverse it by constitutional amendment if necessary. Prominent newspapers attribute to it virtually every excess of the campaign finance system, whether or not the practices were authorized by the decision or would have been lawful even without it. It has become shorthand for corporate domination of politics. It has few defenders among legal scholars. I believe it is time for a more balanced evaluation.
Alkaline phosphatase activity in the rat uterus.

A Comparative study of the distribution of placental scars from the first and second pregnancies in laboratory rats indicated that the most posterior scar of first pregnancy tends to be nearer to the cervix than the most posterior second pregnancy scar (Momberg & Conaway, 1956). Frazer (1955) in an earlier study observed that more embryos implanted in the caudal half of the uterus of the rat than in the cranial half when the embryo number was four or less. Momberg & Conaway (1956) found this difference to be greater when the embryo number was high. The reasons for such distributions are not known, but these findings suggest that the uterus varies along its length and does not provide a uniform environment for the implanting embryos. It would further appear that analyses of the various regions of the uterus might furnish information about conditions offering favourable and less favourable environments for the implantation of the blastocysts.
Making Sense of Asian American Ethnic Neighborhoods: A Typology and Application to Health

Research on Asian American ethnic neighborhoods lacks appreciation of the national-origin, nativity, and socioeconomic diversity within this racial group. Using the 2000 U.S. Census, this paper cre...
Survival, disease-free survival and adverse effects of conditioning for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with busulfan/cyclophosphamide vs total body irradiation: A meta-analysis

Randomized, prospective studies comparing BUCY to TBI conditioning regimens for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation have yielded conflicting results. We investigated the overall survival, the disease-free survival and the toxicities of BUCY vs TBI-based regimens by conducting a meta-analysis of all published, randomized, prospective trials comparing these regimens. Five studies were analyzed. We evaluated six endpoints: survival, disease-free survival, veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and interstitial pneumonitis. We combined individual study results using a random effects model. Survival and disease-free survival were better with TBI-based regimens than with BUCY, but these differences were not statistically significant (survival odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 0.9-2.2, P = 0.09; disease-free survival odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.7-2.1, P = 0.44). A power analysis indicated that BUCY was unlikely to have a clinically relevant survival or disease-free survival advantage. The power analysis could not exclude the possibility of such an advantage for TBI-based regimens. A significantly greater incidence of VOD occurred with BUCY (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.2, P = 0.02). For the other side-effects, there were no significant differences. We concluded that TBI-based regimens cause less VOD than BUCY and are at least as good for survival and disease-free survival.
NUP98 gene fusions in hematologic malignancies

Acute leukemia is associated with a wide spectrum of recurrent, non-random chromosomal translocations. Molecular analysis of the genes involved in these translocations has led to a better understanding of both the causes of chromosomal rearrangements as well as the mechanisms of leukemic transformation. Recently, a number of laboratories have cloned translocations involving the NUP98 gene on chromosome 11p15.5, from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To date, at least eight different chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 have been identified. The resultant chimeric transcripts encode fusion proteins that juxtapose the N-terminal GLFG repeats of NUP98 to the C-terminus of the partner gene. Of note, several of these translocations have been found in patients with therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS), suggesting that genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents may play an important role in generating chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98.
Lipids and Fatty Acids in the Preterm Infant, Part 1: Basic Mechanisms of Delivery, Hydrolysis, and Bioavailability

Lipids represent a diverse class of organic compounds that are critical for optimal nutrition, growth, and development. Fatty acids are the major building blocks for these compounds, and their structural configuration defines their bioactive potential in optimizing cell membrane structure and function. Activation and metabolism of membrane-bound long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids lead to the production of terminal metabolites that have diverse properties in regulating inflammation and organogenesis and thus are critical in maintaining global health. This article (part 1) provides a review of basic mechanisms in lipid and fatty acid delivery, hydrolysis, and bioavailability. Part 2 highlights the special considerations for preterm infants in the pathways of lipid hydrolysis and fatty acid bioavailability, including their unique needs in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Survey on dynamic of fly in Jiangxia district in Wuhan

Objective To provide theoretical foundation for fly control by investigating dynamic of adult fly in Wuhan in 2010.Methods Cage trap to catch flies.Results The results showed that 11 species fly were distributed in 7 genera under 4 family.The dominant species were Musca domestica,Lucilia sericata,Chrysomyia megacephala and Aldrichina grahami,accounted for 34.8%,18.4%,13.7% and 13.4% respectively.The density seasonal fluctuation of Musca domestica had two peaks,Lucilia sericata and Chrysomyia megacephala only one peak,and Aldrichina grahami had several peaks.Density of fly: marketplaces green belts outside of restaurants residential areas.The dominant species seasonal fluctuation of dominanc and density were similar basically.Conclusion Objects of fly control are Musca domestica,Lucilia sericata and Chrysomyia megacephala,and fly control can be carried out from May to October in Jiangxia district.
Floatability Study of Diatomite,Albite and Quartz

The flotation behavior of diatomite,albite and quartz w as studied using laurylamine as the collector,and the acting mechanism of the collector w ith the minerals w as analyzed by Zeta potential measuring and FT-IR spectrum analyzing methods. The mineral flotation test results indicate that the recoveries of the albite and quartz w ere above 92 w t. % and 97 w t. %,and the recovery of diatomite w as below 5 w t. %,in a slurry of pH ranging from 5. 5 to 10. 5 at a laurylamine concentration of 2. 38 × 10- 4mol / L. Zeta potential analysis indicates that the action betw een the laurylamine and the diatomite surfaces in a slurry of pH ranging from 5. 5 to 10. 5 is w eaker than that betw een the laurylamine and albite / quartz sufaces,w hich confirms the flotation results of the minerals. The IR spectrum analysis show s that hydrogen bond and electrostatic adsorptions occur betw een the laurylamine and the diatomite,albite and quartz surfaces in a slurry of pH 5. 5. How ever,these actions betw een the laurylamine and the diatomite surfaces are w eaker than those betw een the laurylamine and albite / quartz sufaces,resulting in its bad floatability.
The Role of Mcm10 in Replication Initiation

Minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10) is a conserved component of the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery. Mcm10 promotes the initiation of replication by facilitating DNA unwinding and origin firing. Although the molecular details of this action remain unclear, current data support a scaffolding role for Mcm10 via interactions with DNA and other protein partners. Mcm10 binds both single- and double-stranded DNA, as well as components of the CMG helicase complex, DNA polymerase-α, and Ctf4. Upon initiation, Mcm10 becomes part of the replisome, primarily mediating the initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis, which involves DNA polymerase-α/primase and the replication clamp PCNA. Mcm10 likely contributes to the recruitment of both of these factors. Emerging concepts predict that steady-state levels of Mcm10 are tightly controlled to balance origin firing and fork progression. Investigations into the cellular requirements for Mcm10 have also revealed a key role in maintaining genome stability. Accordingly, it is not surprising that genetic alterations of MCM10 are associated with cancer. Loss of Mcm10 function is a possible source of DNA damage, whereas overexpression of Mcm10 might serve to facilitate rapid DNA synthesis and proliferation. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature describing Mcm10’s role in replication initiation. Additionally, we consider how contributions to elongation and other potential functions may affect chromosomal integrity.
Conceptual issues in Bayesian divergence time estimation

Bayesian inference of species divergence times is an unusual statistical problem, because the divergence time parameters are not identifiable unless both fossil calibrations and sequence data are available. Commonly used marginal priors on divergence times derived from fossil calibrations may conflict with node order on the phylogenetic tree causing a change in the prior on divergence times for a particular topology. Care should be taken to avoid confusing this effect with changes due to informative sequence data. This effect is illustrated with examples. A topology-consistent prior that preserves the marginal priors is defined and examples are constructed. Conflicts between fossil calibrations and relative branch lengths (based on sequence data) can cause estimates of divergence times that are grossly incorrect, yet have a narrow posterior distribution. An example of this effect is given; it is recommended that overly narrow posterior distributions of divergence times should be carefully scrutinized.This article is part of the themed issue 'Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks'.
The emerging role of biologics in rheumatic disease.

Biologically based therapeutics may be classified as agents which (1) restore altered immunoregulatory, hematopoietic or other disease resistant functions, (2) modulate immunologic effector mechanisms (immunomodulators), or (3) upregulate or downregulate a specific cell function. There are several characteristics which differentiate biologic agents from more traditional pharmaceutical drugs. Administered parenterally, they often generate systemic effects, and may be associated with a higher placebo response. Many are administered not at pharmacologic, but «industrial strength» doses
Monitoring Water Distribution Systems

Monitoring of water distribution systems has a number of benefits, not the least of which is its use to maintain an up-to-date calibration of the system and to detect leaks. A formal inverse calculation is to the best method of performing these functions. The steady state calculation for leak detection appears to be impractical due to the necessity of knowing accurately the pipe friction factors. The unsteady inverse problem is able to calibrate the system and perform the leak detection simultaneously. Its difficulty stems from a high sensitivity to data error and the need for an accurate forward simulation of the system. Sensitivity analysis is able to determine the necessary accuracy of data for a desired level of exactness of results. High order interpolation and Courant numbers near unity are necessary to keep the forward computation accurate.
Screen-printed planar metallization for lab-on-CMOS with epoxy carrier

The integration of biosensors, microfluidics and CMOS instrumentation provides a compact lab-on-CMOS microsystem well suited for high throughput measurement. This paper describes a screen-printed planar metallization technique for lab-on-CMOS that overcomes challenges associated with traditional thin film metallization. Utilizing a chip-in-carrier packaging approach with an epoxy carrier, screen-printed electrical interconnects are shown to reliably resolve up to 10μm step height differences between the CMOS chip and the surrounding carrier that supports microfluidics. The metallization process presented in this paper is also shown to be compatible with subsequent microfluidic integration to complete the lab-on-CMOS device platform.
A model of shared grasp affordances from demonstration

This paper presents a hierarchical, statistical topic model for representing the grasp preshapes of a set of objects. Observations provided by teleoperation are clustered into latent affordances shared among all objects. Each affordance defines a joint distribution over position and orientation of the hand relative to the object and conditioned on visual appearance. The parameters of the model are learned using a Gibbs sampling method. After training, the model can be used to compute grasp preshapes for a novel object based on its visual appearance. The model is evaluated experimentally on a set of objects for its ability to generate grasp preshapes that lead to successful grasps, and compared to a baseline approach.
Light/Dark Shifting Promotes Alcohol-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis: Possible Role of Intestinal Inflammatory Milieu and Microbiota

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with the modern lifestyle. Chronic alcohol consumption—a frequent habit of majority of modern societies—increases the risk of CRC. Our group showed that chronic alcohol consumption increases polyposis in a mouse mode of CRC. Here we assess the effect of circadian disruption—another modern life style habit—in promoting alcohol-associated CRC. Method: TS4Cre × adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)lox468 mice underwent (a) an alcohol-containing diet while maintained on a normal 12 h light:12 h dark cycle; or (b) an alcohol-containing diet in conjunction with circadian disruption by once-weekly 12 h phase reversals of the light:dark (LD) cycle. Mice were sacrificed after eight weeks of full alcohol and/or LD shift to collect intestine samples. Tumor number, size, and histologic grades were compared between animal groups. Mast cell protease 2 (MCP2) and 6 (MCP6) histology score were analyzed and compared. Stool collected at baseline and after four weeks of experimental manipulations was used for microbiota analysis. Results: The combination of alcohol and LD shifting accelerated intestinal polyposis, with a significant increase in polyp size, and caused advanced neoplasia. Consistent with a pathogenic role of stromal tryptase-positive mast cells in colon carcinogenesis, the ratio of mMCP6 (stromal)/mMCP2 (intraepithelial) mast cells increased upon LD shifting. Baseline microbiota was similar between groups, and experimental manipulations resulted in a significant difference in the microbiota composition between groups. Conclusions: Circadian disruption by Light:dark shifting exacerbates alcohol-induced polyposis and CRC. Effect of circadian disruption could, at least partly, be mediated by promoting a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory milieu via changes in microbiota.
Creating Meaning through Multimodality: Multiliteracies Assessment and Photo Projects for Online Portfolios

Actively engaged in online media, learners today are surrounded by texts overtly and covertly transmitted by visual images, sound effects, and voices as well as the written word. Language learning portfolios can engage students in the literacy-oriented learning processes of interpretation, collaboration, and problem solving as outlined by Kern (2000) to understand how meaning is created through a variety of different modes of communication. Based on the multiliteracies approach, this article demonstrates how photo projects can be incorporated in portfolios to assess learners' development as multimodal language users. To this end, the article first reviews the multiliteracies approach including Kern's (2000) seven principles of literacies. It then proceeds to examine the advantages of using photo projects in foreign language classes, before it discusses assessment based on the multiliteracies framework as suggested by Paesani, Allen, and Dupuy (2016). A sample portfolio project featuring evaluation criteria and organizational procedures demonstrates how a pedagogy of multiliteracies can be used to assess the literacy and cultural understanding of intermediate learners of German. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of the benefits of portfolio assessment based on the multiliterarcies approach.
Incubation duration effects on copepod naupliar grazing estimates

Abstract Copepod naupliar grazing estimates often appear to represent an insignificant fraction of prey community mortality, despite high naupliar abundances and weight-specific ingestion rates. To address this seeming paradox, the impact of incubation time on grazing by nauplii of the subtropical copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris on natural prey assemblages was evaluated. Measurements of prey removal during feeding experiments were taken every 6-h over a 24-h period during two experiments (E1, E2), where the initial 2–35 μm natural prey biomass differed by 3-fold, i.e., 66 μg C L − 1 (E1) vs. 198 μg C L − 1 (E2). Results showed that total prey ingestion rate estimates decreased over the course of incubation by up to 75% after 24-h, with highest ingestion rates obtained during the initial 6-h. In no predator controls, total prey biomass also decreased significantly during the 24-h incubation particularly in the smallest prey size groups despite the absence of nauplii, and positive non-significant trends were observed in prey > 10 μm in the experiment with higher initial prey abundances. Predator density effects in this experiment provided additional evidence for trophic cascades. Results of this work suggest that in communities with rapidly changing natural prey assemblages and predators with short development times, short incubations minimize bottle effects and reduce the risk of measuring grazing rates on prey communities that no longer resemble the in situ populations.
Rethinking cointegration and the expectation hypothesis of the term structure

Abstract Empirical investigations of the expectations hypothesis of the term structure often test the stationarity on the yield spread. We show that as the term difference increases this stationarity breaks down even under the most favorable assumption with regard to the risk premium. As a result, these cointegration tests are inappropriate. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations and provide empirical evidences that the frequency with which the data fail to reject no cointegration increases as the term difference increases. This finding remains robust after we account for a proxy for risk premium, asymmetries, and employ a new augmented error correction model that allows for time-varying error correction terms.
Gonococcal cellulitis: an (un)friendly bite.

Background Gonococcal infection can present with wide spectrum of symptoms, most commonly involving the genitals. This case highlights a rare presentation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection primarily with skin involvement without uro-genital disease.
Taking nurse staffing research to the unit level.

This summary of currently published literature explores gaps that explain why translation of nurse staffing research into clinical practice has been difficult.
In Vivo Assessment: Issues of Real-Time Data

One of the fundamental elements of functional assessment for challenging behaviors is the collection of data. Data are used to help determine the nature of the problem, create a case formulation, carry out the functional assessment, and monitor the progress of interventions (Hartmann, Barrios, & Wood, 2004). All decisions made during the course of a functional assessment are based off of data. Most data collected during this process are collected in vivo. That is to say, most data are collected through real-time observations of individuals in their natural environment.
FDA and the practice of pharmacy: prescription drug regulation before the Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951.

Fischelis constate en 1949 que l'organisme de la « Food and Drug Administration » n'est pas habilitee a reguler les prescriptions de medicaments du medecin ou du pharmacien, et qu'il est donc necessaire de creer une legislation en raison du danger de certains medicaments tels que les narcotiques ou les amphetamines
User-specific interfaces for clinical data-management systems: an object-based approach.

Abstract Multiple user-specific visual interfaces are desirable in any computer-based clinical data-management system that is used by different people with different jobs to perform. The programming and maintenance problems of supporting multiple user interfaces to a single information system can be addressed by separating user-interface functionality from data-management subsystems, and by building user interfaces from object-based software components whose functionality is bound to an underlying server-client data-management architecture. Experience with this approach in a patient-tracking system suggests that this object-based approach is viable in the design of a user interface for a clinical information system.
Effect of water vapor on the thermal resistance between amorphous silica nanoparticles

Nanoparticle-based materials are of interest because of their unique thermal properties. Possessing the lowest thermal conductivities of any solid materials known, they have been widely used as insulating materials. However, the presence of water vapor has been shown to have a large influence on those properties. In this work, we investigate the effect of water vapor on the heat transfer between nanoparticles using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We calculate the absolute thermal resistance and Kapitza resistance between adjacent amorphous spherical silica nanoparticles, when water molecules are allowed to diffuse as vapor into the interstitial pores between particles. The thermal resistance between nanoparticles is shown to decrease rapidly when water vapor is introduced into the pores between particles. The largest decrease in interparticle resistance occurs as a result of the silanization of the silica particle surfaces. A secondary decrease is attributable to the liquid bridge that forms as water molecules condense around the contact point between nanoparticles. Most of the decrease in resistance between nanoparticles occurs when water vapor is first introduced at relative humidities (rh) of less than 1%. As the relative humidity increases above 1%, the interparticle thermal resistance decreases more slowly, approaching a constant value near 50% rh. Numerical results are compared to experimental measurements of heat transfer across packed beds of 20 nm silica nanoparticles exposed to water vapor. The simulation results are shown to be consistent with the experimental measurements for relative humidities below 15% rh, while underpredicting the experimental measurements above 15% rh.