cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Structural Time Series Approach to Constructing Rent Indexes: An Application to Indian Office Markets

We introduce new methodology for constructing real estate rent indices. Using unique data on contract rents from six Indian metropolitan markets, we pair subsequent rented units in the same building to create over 12,000 pseudo repeat rent pairs. We impose an autoregressive structure on the log rent returns in a structural time series variant of the repeat sales model widely used in real estate price indexing. We also allow for time-varying index signal and noise variance parameters. This method has several advantages, including low statistical estimation noise (even in small samples), fewer historical revisions, and the ability to capture changes in market volatility and its subsequent effect on the rent index and estimation error. Finally, we estimate the model using full Bayesian inference that gives the entire posterior distribution. The resulting indices are robust to property heterogeneity and omitted variables, and present well behaved quarterly depictions of the recent history of office market rents in the six cities.
Radiological severity of hip osteoarthritis in patients with adult spinal deformity: the effect on spinopelvic and lower extremity compensatory mechanisms

Sagittal spinal deformity (SSD) patients utilize pelvic tilt (PT) and their lower extremities in order to compensate for malalignment. This study examines the effect of hip osteoarthritis (OA) on compensatory mechanisms in SSD patients. Patients ≥ 18 years with SSD were included for analysis. Spinopelvic, lower extremity, and cervical alignment were assessed on standing full-body stereoradiographs. Hip OA severity was graded by Kellgren–Lawrence scale (0–4). Patients were categorized as limited osteoarthritis (LOA: grade 0–2) and severe osteoarthritis (SOA: grade 3–4). Patients were matched for age and T1-pelvic angle (TPA). Spinopelvic [sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1-pelvic angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL), T1-spinopelvic inclination (T1SPi)] and lower extremity parameters [sacrofemoral angle, knee angle, ankle angle, posterior pelvic shift (P. Shift), global sagittal axis (GSA)] were compared between groups using independent sample t test. 136 patients (LOA = 68, SOA = 68) were included in the study. SOA had less pelvic tilt (p = 0.011), thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.007), and higher SVA and T1Spi (p 0.05). Patients with coexisting spinal malalignment and SOA compensate by pelvic shift and thoracic hypokyphosis rather than PT, likely as a result of limited hip extension secondary to SOA. As a result, SOA had worse global sagittal alignment than their LOA counterparts. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Mental Health Across the Reproductive Cycle in Women Veterans.

Introduction Premenstrual, perinatal, and/or perimenopausal psychiatric problems require specific screening, assessment, and treatment strategies. The scope of these reproductive-linked psychiatric symptoms among women veterans is unknown. Due to high rates of sexual trauma among women veterans, it is also important to ascertain relationships between sexual trauma experiences and reproductive cycle mood problems. This pilot study investigates the prevalence of self-reported premenstrual, perinatal, and perimenopausal emotional problems and whether these correlate with pre-military sexual abuse, military sexual harassment, and/or military sexual assault, among veterans receiving psychiatric evaluations within a Veterans Administration Women's Health Clinic. Materials and methods Participants included all women veterans (N = 186) who received psychiatric evaluations within a Veterans Administration Women's Health Clinic over a 13-mo period. Evaluations included a clinical questionnaire, a psychiatric interview, and medical record review. De-identified data were extracted from a clinical data repository for this descriptive study. Results High proportions of study participants reported emotional problems premenstrually (43.3%), during pregnancy (35.1%), postpartum (30.4%), or during perimenopause (31.2%). Unintended pregnancy (73.3% of pregnancies) and pregnancy loss (56.6% of women who had been pregnant) were prominent perinatal stressors. Military sexual harassment was significantly associated with emotional problems during pregnancy and postpartum. Conclusion These pilot data suggest the need for further study of the reproductive mental health needs of women veterans and their relationship with sexual trauma. The findings underscore the need for Veterans Administration facilities and other providers of veterans' health care to be prepared to detect, diagnose, and treat premenstrual, perinatal, and perimenopausal mental health problems.
Optimizing Inter-Operator Network Slicing over Licensed and Unlicensed Bands

Network slicing has been considered as a key enabling technology for 5G due to its ability to customize and "slice" a common resource to support diverse services and verticals. This paper introduces a novel inter-operator network slicing framework in which multiple mobile network operators (MNOs) can cooperate and jointly slice their accessible spectrum resources in both licensed and unlicensed bands. For the licensed band slicing, we propose the inter-operator spectrum aggregation method which allows two or more MNOs to cooperate and share their licensed bands to support a common set of service types. We then consider the sharing of unlicensed bands. Since all MNOs enjoy equal rights to access unlicensed bands, we introduce the concept of right sharing for MNOs to share and trade their spectrum access rights. We develop a modified back-of-the-envelop method for the MNOs to evaluate their value of rights when coexisting with other wireless technologies. We develop a network slicing game based on the overlapping coalition formation game to investigate the possible cooperation between MNOs. We prove that our proposed game always has at least one stable slicing structure that maximizes the social welfare. To evaluate the practical performance of our proposed framework, we develop a C++-based discrete-event simulator and simulate a possible implementation of our proposed framework over 400 base station locations deployed by two primary cellular operators in the city of Dublin. Numerical results show that our proposed framework can almost double the capacity for all supported services for each operator under certain conditions.
CRITIQUE OF: COMPUTER SIMULATION MODELING FOR NITROGEN IN IRRIGATED CROP LANDS

Models for simulation of plant uptake of water and nitrogen are critically examined. Inherent complexity of the soil-plant system as well as a general unavailability of the input parameters required in the microscopic-level models precludes model validation at the present time. Thus, macroscopic-level models that provide a gross description of nitrogen and water uptake by plants may be of more immediate practical use. A simple model describing plant uptake of nitrogen during a crop growing season is presented and validated using field-measured data. The need for conducting careful experiments to develop an extensive data base for validation of the simulation models is discussed.
Implicit Formulation of Unate Covering

In the previous chapters we have seen that the solution of a unate covering problem appears as a key step both in the minimum selection of encoding dichotomies and in GPI minimization.
LIPID MEDIATORS | Leukotrienes

Leukotrienes (LTs) are potent bioactive lipid mediators whose synthesis is increased in response to inflammatory stimuli. LTB4 and the cysteinyl LTs (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and exert their biological effects through specific receptors located on the surface of target cells. In addition to promoting the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells in the lung, LTs increase mucus secretion, enhance vascular permeability, and cause airway constriction. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of LT biosynthetic and signaling pathways in experimental animals has uncovered a variety of functions of LTs in models of respiratory disease including allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. Clinical data, including increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of LTs in numerous disease states, also indicate a prominent role for LTs in respiratory disease and dysfunction. While the effects of LT modifiers in many lung diseases have not been thoroughly investigated, the use of LT biosynthesis inhibitors and cysteinyl LT receptor antagonists has proven valuable for the treatment of asthma. Continued investigation into the roles of LTs in the lung will undoubtedly yield significant advancements in the treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases.
The open incentive kit (OINK): standardizing the generation, comparison, and deployment of incentive systems

Incentives are a key facet of human studies research, yet the state-of-the-art often designs and implements incentive systems in an ad-hoc, on-demand manner. We introduce the first vocabulary for formally describing incentive systems and develop a software infrastructure that enables UI-based graphical generation of complex, auditable, reliable, and reproducible incentive systems. We call this infrastructure the Open INcentive Kit (OINK). A review of recent literature from several communities finds that of the one hundred and twenty-one publications that incorporate incentives, only thirty-one describe their incentive system in detail, and all of these could be implemented using OINK. We evaluate OINK in practice by using it for an active energy monitoring deployment in Ghana and find that OINK successfully facilitates thousands of individual incentive payments. Finally, we describe our efforts to generalize OINK for different research communities, specifically focusing on architectural decisions around extensibility to support unanticipated use cases. OINK is free and open-source software.
Do personnel with lived experience cultivate public values? Insights and lessons from mental healthcare managers.

Health organizations charged with addressing public problems sometimes employ persons with relevant lived experience in meaningful organizational roles. Because of their prior experience, these ind...
Co-creating the future of work: Lessons from workplace automation

What sociology and ethnography can teach us about designing the workplace technologies of tomorrow.
Modeling of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters

A kinetic model for Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) was derived to analyze data from patch clamp experiments. The model was fitted to experimental data for EAAT1, and reliable parameter estimations were obtained. This allowed for inference and estimate of the turnover rate of EAAT1 and, potentially, for other EAATs, which would resolve longstanding discrepancies in the literature.
Studies of the Complexation of Gluconate with Th(IV) in Acidic Solutions: Stability Constant Determination and Coordination Mode Analysis.

Gluconate is a multidentate ligand and its complexation with actinides has received increasing attention because of its existence in high level nuclear wastes as well as in nuclear waste repositories. In this work, the complexation of gluconate with Th(IV) was studied in deuterated water (D2O) by pD titrations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the pCD range 2.0–4.6, gluconate (GD4–) forms two 1:1 complexes with Th(IV), Th(GD3)2+ and Th(GD2)+. Their stability constants were determined to be log β(D)101(−1) = 1.04 ± 0.12 for Th4+ + GD4– = Th(GD3)3+ + D+ and log β(D)101(−2) = −(1.31 ± 0.09) for Th4+ + GD4– = Th(GD2)+ + 2D+ at I = 1.0 mol·L–1 NaClO4 and t = 22 °C. The coordination modes of these two complexes were also analyzed. In both complexes, the tridentate chelation forms through the binding of Th(IV) to one oxygen from the carboxylate group and two oxygens from α- and γ-hydroxyl groups. The difference is that in Th(GD2)+, both α- and γ-hydroxyl groups deprotonate, and in Th(GD3)2+, ...
Developing a Computing Identity Framework: Understanding Computer Science and Information Technology Career Choice

This paper expands on knowledge of computing identity by building on what is known about prior identity models in science and mathematics education. The model theorizes three primary sub-constructs that contribute to the development of a computing identity: belief in one's performance/competence, interest, and recognition in computing. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey of more than 1,700 college students at 22 colleges and universities, the study tested the alignment of the theorized model to the measures on the survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to validate whether the appropriate measures loaded on the three separate sub-constructs. Criterion-related validity was also established by testing whether the computing identity measures predicted the choice of a computer science career. The results reveal that a computing identity proxy based on the theorized measures was a highly significant predictor of students' computer science and information technology career choice (p
Narrow- versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Simple Acute Appendicitis Treated by Appendectomy: A Post Hoc Analysis of EAST MUSTANG Study

Abstract Background We sought to compare the effectiveness of narrow- versus broad-spectrum antibiotics (abx) in preventing infectious complications in adults with acute appendicitis treated with appendectomy. Methods In this post hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study of appendicitis in adults (≥18 y) conducted from January 2017 to June 2018, we included only patients with simple appendicitis. Subjects were grouped based on receipt of broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum abx before and/or after appendectomy. Outcomes compared were surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscess, secondary interventions (percutaneous drainage or operation), emergency department (ED) visits, 30-d readmission, and hospital length of stay. Results A total of 2336 subjects were analyzed. In comparing narrow (n = 778) versus broad (n = 1558) groups, there were no differences in male sex (53% versus 54%, P = 0.704), white blood cell (13.0 ± 3.9 versus 13.4 ± 4.5, P = 0.05), Alvarado score (6 [5-7] versus 6 [5-7], P = 0.25), or Charlson comorbidity index (0 [0-1] versus 0 [0-1], P = 0.09). A total of 688 (29%) received postoperative abx, [184 (24%) narrow and 504 (32%) broad, P Conclusions Significant practice variation in duration and spectrum of antibiotic adjunct for surgical treatment of simple acute appendicitis treatment is evident, and broad-spectrum abx did not offer clinical advantages over narrow-spectrum abx. Restriction of antibiotic spectrum should be considered, although randomized trials are required to overcome selection bias.
Initiation of Intrathecal Drug Delivery Dramatically Reduces Systemic Opioid Use in Patients With Advanced Cancer.

OBJECTIVES Pain is common in cancer, affecting more than 70% of patients with advanced disease. Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) are a well-established treatment for patients with refractory cancer pain, improving pain control and reducing associated side effects. To date, details of systemic opioid use before and after IDDS implant have not been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients at Huntsman Cancer Institute-University of Utah treated with IDDS for cancer pain from May 2014 to May 2018. Oral, transdermal, and parenteral opioid use before IDDS implant was compared to use 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 173 patients were included, 93% with stage IV disease. The pre-implant median daily oral morphine equivalent (OME) was 240 mg (interquartile range 130-390, range 0-2616 mg). OME doses >200 mg/day were required by 57% of patients, and >500 mg OME by 19% of patients. The post-implant median OME was 0 mg (interquartile range 0-0, range 0-480 mg) and 82.6% of patients discontinued systemic opioids completely. 11.0% of patients used 200 mg OME. Mean OME decreased by 94% following IDDS implant (p < 0.0001) and all patients who continued to use systemic opioids required a lower OME compared to pre-implant. CONCLUSIONS In the largest cohort of patients with advanced cancer and refractory pain treated with IDDS, implantation was associated with a dramatic reduction in systemic opioid use 30 days postoperatively, with a large majority of patients discontinuing systemic opioids. Those patients that continued systemic opioids utilized significantly lower doses as compared to their pre-implant dose.
Impulsivity and Suicidal Behavior.

Suicide is the leading cause of injury mortality in the United States and the second-leading cause of death in people aged 10–34 years. While many long-term risk factors are known, the short-term prediction of suicidal behavior remains elusive. Many characteristics of suicidal behavior cut across diagnoses, but suicide is increased in recurrent psychiatric disorders, addictive disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Suicide results from the interaction of short-term and long-term behavioral regulation. The shorter the time-course of the mechanism, the closer it is to actual suicidal behavior, and the harder it is to prevent. We will discuss the manner in which impulsivity, a major determinant of short-term suicide risk, interacts with longer-term risk factors, especially sensitization to addictive or traumatic stimuli. Impulsivity predisposes to sensitization; in turn, impulsivity is a prominent component of sensitized behavior. Impulsivity can be described as a general pattern of behavior (“trait” impulsivity), as responses that are not conformed to their context (action-impulsivity), or as inability to delay reward or to take future consequences into account (choice-impulsivity). Each of these contributes to suicidal behavior. The neural mechanisms of impulsivity and sensitization are analogous, and sensitization can produce rapidly fluctuating patterns of impulsive behavior, arousal, and anhedonia. In order to recognize and prevent suicidal behavior, it is necessary to identify factors associated with susceptibility to bouts of impulsive behavior in people at elevated long-term risk.
Numerical Framing and Emotional Arousal as Moderators of Review Valence and Consumer Choices: An Abstract

Review valence refers to consumers’ positive or negative evaluations of products (Mudambi and Schuff 2010). It can be reflected by star ratings or dichotomous choices such as recommendation rates and thumbs up or down rates. The effects of valence reported in previous studies have been equivocal (King et al. 2014). Therefore, this dissertation aims to identify factors that help reconcile these inconclusive findings through two essays. Specifically, the first essay investigates the role of numerical framing with five experiments, including an eye-tracking study. It shows that the effect of review volume (vs. review valence) on purchase likelihood will be lower when valence is presented as absolute numbers (160 of 200 customers recommend) than when it is in percentages (80% of 200 customers recommend). This is because consumers adopt two distinct approaches (piecemeal vs. holistic) when processing the two aforementioned numerical formats. In addition, the ability of an absolute number format to weaken the impact of volume on purchase likelihood will be lower when valence and volume are shown in two different colors than when they are in the same color.
Tort Tales, Gold Diggers, and the Crusade against Heart Balm:

Beginning in the early 1930s, US citizens made a concerted effort to ban lawsuits for breach of promise, seduction, criminal conversation, and alienation of affection. By 1940, ten states had outla...
A Dual Laser Lidar System for Aerosol Studies

This paper describes development of an inexpensive aerosol lidar system based on dual continuous wave solid state lasers. The system employs a bistatic configuration and a CCD camera detection system for aerosol profiling.
Adopting a Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Pruning Discriminatory Factors From California’s Regulatory Template

As part of a plan to curtail climate change, states with executive targets of net-zero GHG by 2050 necessitate using a proven approach to reduce GHG from the transportation sector, which nationally accounts for 28% of GHG emissions—more than any other sector. Any substantial reduction in total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will necessarily address this fossil fuel reliant sector. An approach modeled after the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), as part of a comprehensive climate change legislation, is indispensable to achieving a meaningful GHG reduction and, thus, should be pursued. Although set out as a model regulatory template, California’s LCFS has not been immune to legal challenges since its inception, and this Comment identifies certain impermissible aspects of this market-based regulation that can be adjusted to bring it in compliance with Dormant Commerce Clause doctrine and the letter of the U.S. Constitution.
Building and leveraging competence exploitation and exploration for firm new product success

Abstract We theorize that industry conditions of collaboration intensity and innovation intensity drive the development of competence exploitation and exploration in manufacturer-manufacturer collaborations, and that such competencies can be leveraged to increase firm-level new product sales and market share, contingent on the firm's establishment of non-proprietary knowledge transfer capability. We test our model using a survey of 224 manufacturer-manufacturer collaborations. Our findings indicate that collaboration intensity drives firms to build both competence exploration and exploitation while innovation intensity drives neither. We also find that while non-proprietary knowledge capability enhances the influence of competence exploration on a firm's new product sales and market share, it dampens the firm's ability to leverage competence exploitation for firm-level new product success.
Cellulose acetate phthalate, a common pharmaceutical excipient, inactivates HIV-1 and blocks the coreceptor binding site on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120

Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a pharmaceutical excipient used for enteric film coating of capsules and tablets, was shown to inhibit infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and several herpesviruses. CAP formulations inactivated HIV-1, herpesvirus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and the major nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens and were effective in animal models for vaginal infection by HSV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. Enzyme-linked immunoassays and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate CAP binding to HIV-1 and to define the binding site on the virus envelope. 1) CAP binds to HIV-1 virus particles and to the envelope glycoprotein gp120; 2) this leads to blockade of the gp120 V3 loop and other gp120 sites resulting in diminished reactivity with HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5; 3) CAP binding to HIV-1 virions impairs their infectivity; 4) these findings apply to both HIV-1 IIIB, an X4 virus, and HIV-1 BaL, an R5 virus. These results provide support for consideration of CAP as a topical microbicide of choice for prevention of STDs, including HIV-1 infection.
Run EDGAR Run: SEC Dissemination in a High-Frequency World

We describe the process through which the SEC makes the information in its filings “publicly available,” a critical element of event studies. For a sample of Form 4 (insider trade) filings, we show that the majority of filings are available to paying subscribers of the SEC’s PDS feed before they are posted to the SEC website, and so provide subscribers and their clients with a private advantage. We show that this advantage translates into an economically significant trading advantage, and that prices, volumes, and spreads respond to the news contained in filings beginning around 30 seconds before public posting. Our findings indicate that the SEC dissemination process is not a level playing field and that the meaning of publicly-available information in capital markets is no longer simple or obvious.
Jennifer L. Griffiths. Traumatic Possessions: The Body and Memory in African American Women's Writing and Performance.

The primary title of Jennifer Griffith's new critical work, Traumatic Possessions, evokes a spontaneous trajectory of signification. One thinks almost immediately of illicit possession—slavery, rap...
Afro-Cuban Diasporas in the Atlantic World

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Solimar Otero Year: 2010 Pages: 270 Publisher: University of Rochester Press ISBN: 9781580463263 (hard cover). Prices: $75.00 USD(hard cover).
Massive hemorrhage in the scalp of the newborn infant: hemorrhagic caput succedaneum.

A newborn infant with massive hemorrhage within the fascial planes of the scalp has been described. The bleeding was above the periosteal layer of the scalp and was therefore a hemorrhagic caput succedaneum rather than a giant cephalhematoma. Massive hemorrhage in the scalp of an infant should be treated as a medical emergency, and fresh whole blood should be given to prevent severe anemia and posthemorrhagic shock.
Evaluating the Risks of High Altitude Travel in Chronic Liver Disease Patients.

Abstract Luks, Andrew M., and Erik R. Swenson. Clinician's Corner: Evaluating the risks of high altitude travel in chronic liver disease patients. High Alt Med Biol 16:80–88, 2015.—With improvements in the quality of health care, people with chronic medical conditions are experiencing better quality of life and increasingly participating in a wider array of activities, including travel to high altitude. Whenever people with chronic diseases travel to this environment, it is important to consider whether the physiologic responses to hypobaric hypoxia will interact with the underlying medical condition such that the risk of acute altitude illness is increased or the medical condition itself may worsen. This review considers these questions as they pertain to patients with chronic liver disease. While the limited available evidence suggests there is no evidence of liver injury or dysfunction in normal individuals traveling as high as 5000 m, there is reason to suspect that two groups of cirrhosis patients ar...
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Hematopoietic Growth Factor PIXY321 After Moderate-Dose Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide in Stage II and III Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: To measure the effect of PIXY321 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3 S. cerevisiae fusion protein) on the incidence, duration, and complications of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia after moderate-dose fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 (FAC) chemotherapy in patients with stage II and III breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 71 women were to receive four 21-day cycles of treatment with moderate-dose FAC chemotherapy by short intravenous infusion on day 1, followed by either placebo or PIXY321 (375 μg/m2 subcutaneously twice a day) on days 3 to 15. All patients were to receive prophylactic oral ciprofloxacin when the absolute neutrophil count was less than 1,000/μL. RESULTS: PIXY321 significantly reduced the incidence and duration of grade 3 and grade 4 neutropenia in cycles 1 and 2 and the duration of grade 3 neutropenia in cycles 1 through 4. In cycles 3 an...
Far-infrared and Raman study of lithium and sodium cryptates in nonaqueous solvents

Far-infrared spectra of sodium and lithium cryptates were observed in several nonaqueous solvents. The spectra are characterized by a broad band whose frequency is independent of the solvent or of the anion and which is assigned to the vibration of the cation in the cryptand cavity. The band frequencies were 234±2, 218±1, 243±3, and 348±1 cm−1 for Na+-C222, Na+-C221, Li+-C221, and Li+-C211 cryptates, respectively. These bands were found to be Raman-inactive, indicating that the cation-ligand interaction is very largely electrostatic in nature.
Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of both cocaine and sucrose seeking in rats

Stimuli previously associated with drug taking can become triggers that can elicit craving and lead to relapse of drug-seeking behavior. Here, we examined the influence of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the nucleus accumbens shell on cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, an animal model of relapse. Rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.254 mg, i.v.) for 2 h daily for 21 days, with each infusion of cocaine being paired with a cue light. After 21 days of self-administration, cocaine-taking behavior was extinguished by replacing cocaine with saline in the absence of the cue light. Next, during the reinstatement phase, DBS was administered bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens shell through bipolar stainless steel electrodes immediately prior to re-exposure to cues previously associated with cocaine reinforcement. DBS continued throughout the 2 h reinstatement session. Parallel studies examined the influence of accumbens shell DBS on reinstatement induced by cues previously associated with sucrose reinforcement. Results indicated that DBS of the nucleus accumbens shell significantly attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine and sucrose seeking. Together, these results indicate that DBS of the accumbens shell disrupts cue-induced reinstatement associated with both a drug and a natural reinforcer.
In vitro synthesis of T4 proteins: the products of genes 9, 18, 19, 23, 24, and 38.

Abstract The improved acrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure of Laemmli (1970) permits identification of a number of specific T4 gene products among the proteins whose synthesis is directed in vitro by RNA from T4-infected E. coli . RNA isolated late in infection directs the synthesis of the products of genes 9 (baseplate), 18 (tail sheath), 19 (tail core), 23 and 24 (head), and 38 (tail fiber). Synthesis of these proteins is not directed by RNA isolated early in wild-type T4 infection, or by RNA isolated late in DNA-negative or maturation defective infection. These results are consistent with the suggestion that T4 gene expression is regulated primarily at the level of transcription. A major difference between the products of in vitro protein synthesis and the display of proteins made in vivo is the absence of proteins of molecular weight greater than 80,000 from the former. We believe this result is a consequence of transcription-translation coupling in vivo , which limits the size of functional messages that can be isolated. The proteins made in vitro also lack P23∗, a protein found in vivo as a result of “processing” of the primary product of gene 23.
Autopsy findings in 154 patients with germ cell tumors of the testis

Autopsy findings are reviewed in 154 patients treated for germ cell tumors of the testis. Of the patients with apparently pure seminoma, 44% had autopsy evidence of nonseminomatous metastases. For all tumor types, the most common sites of distant metastasis were lung (89%), liver (73%), brain (31%), and bone (30%). There was a high incidence of brain metastases in choriocarcinoma and of bone metastases in seminoma. Brain, liver, and bone metastases were late occurrences in the course of the disease and were almost always associated with involvement of other sites. Recurrences in the retroperitoneal area after lymph node dissection occurred mainly in those who had had retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. No difference in site or frequency of metastases was apparent in autopsied patients treated before or after introduction of platinum containing regimens. Respiratory failure, secondary to lung metastases, was the most common cause of death. Of the autopsied patients, 6% died of iatrogenic causes.
Identification of macrophages at the site of peritoneal injury: evidence supporting a direct role for peritoneal macrophages in healing injured peritoneum

Abstract Objective: To determine if peritoneal macrophages are present at the site of a surgical injury to the peritoneum during wound healing. Design: Controlled research study. Setting: Academic research laboratory. Experimental Model: A murine model of peritoneal wound healing. Intervention(s): Intraperitoneal injection of polystyrene beads 1 hour after a surgical peritoneal injury to identify peritoneal macrophages. Main Outcome Measure(s): Presence of peritoneal macrophages at the site of the healing wound as determined by intracellular polystyrene beads on transmission electron microscopy 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. Result(s): Peritoneal macrophages were easily distinguished from other cell types by the phagocytosis of polystyrene beads. One day after injury, peritoneal macrophages were adherent to the wound surface. By 3 days, mesothelial cells began covering the peritoneal macrophages at the wound surface and peritoneal macrophages were identified deep within the wound. Seven days after injury, the mesothelial layer was completely reconstituted, but peritoneal macrophages persisted within the healing would below the surface mesothelium. Conclusion(s): These data indicate that peritoneal macrophages are present at the peritoneal injury site throughout the healing interval and are consistent with these macrophages having a critical role in peritoneal wound healing.
Coherent radiometers for cosmic microwave background polarization detection

Coherent radiometers have been used for decades in the detection of polarization of astronomical signals. Recent success in detection of intensity fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has created great interest in the potential measurement of CMB polarization. Detection of polarization at predicted levels may stretch the sensitivity of today's radiometers. I will review the state-of-the-art of receiver front-ends, discuss their application to polarimeter design in experiments, both existing and under development and finally describe the prospects for massive arrays for the detection of CMB polarization.
World SIVA: the pediatric initiative

Summary Total intravenous anesthesia and targeted controlled infusions are emerging and developing techniques that can have a broad range of important clinical applications in future pediatric care.
Transport processes associated with the initial elevated concentrations of Chernobyl radioactivity in surface air in the United States

Abstract Elevated concentrations of radioactivity from the Chernobyl accident were encountered in the surface air over the United States along the east coast and in the north-west on 9 and 10 May 1986. The nearly simultaneous arrival of radioactive debris at widely separated locations resulted from different paths being taken by the debris released at different times during the course of the accident. Debris released during the explosion at the Chernobyl reactor was transported across the Arctic, within the lower troposphere, and zonally across Asia and the North Pacific Ocean, within the mid-troposphere. This debris descended into the planetary boundary layer along the east coast of the US. The descent was associated with a quasi-stationary cyclone located over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Debris that had a different composition of radioactivity was released from the damaged reactor during the week immediately following the initial explosion. This debris was then transported zonally across Asia and the North Pacific Ocean within the planetary boundary layer and lower troposphere and was swept into the north-western US.
Numerical study of a separated-reattaching flow

The flow over a normal plate with a long, downstream splitter plate is numerically studied with fine spatial and temporal resolutions. The time-dependent two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are integrated in time using a high-order, upwind-biased finite-difference scheme. Calculations are performed at several Reynolds numbers to study the evolution of the unsteady nature of the flow. Steady separated flow has been observed for Reynolds numbers up to 150, after which unsteady vortical structures are seen to develop from the shear layer. The time-mean flow characteristics in the steady and unsteady regimes are described. The calculations are seen to agree fairly well with experimental data at high Reynolds numbers.
Inhibition of rat neutrophil functional responses by azapropazone, an anti-gout drug

Abstract Azapropazone at concentrations of 0.1 to 1 mM inhibited by 30–70% rat neutrophil migration, aggregation, and degranulation in response to the synthetic chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe. Binding studies using fNle-Leu-[ 3 H]Phe, a radiolabeled analog of fMet-Leu-Phe, showed that azapropazone did not inhibit these responses by interfering with fMet-Leu-Phe binding. Azapropazone also decreased both the apparent rate of production and maximal levels of Superoxide anion (O 2 − ) generated by cells stimulated with 100 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). The concentrations of azapropazone that inhibit these neutrophil responses in vitro approximate those previously found in vivo after administration of therapeutic doses of drug to rats or humans. Taken together, the data suggest that the efficacy of azapropazone in gouty arthritis may be partly due to its ability to inhibit key neutrophil functional responses in vivo .
Business priorities and the relative importance of state and local economic-development incentives

State and local governments commonly use a variety of incentives to encourage economic development and business retention. Policies which include economic development incentives are commonly criticized as being ineffective and wasteful uses of public funds. This paper addresses the issue of wastefulness through a business community's assessment of the relative value of eighteen incentives commonly used for business retention and development. Results are based on survey responses from nearly 700 businesses located in Wichita, Kansas. This study illuminates differences in value assigned to incentives by different types of business. Findings indicate that state and local governments that offer incentives without consideration of business type are in many cases delivering “windfalls” to the private sector. Even such highly touted incentives as property tax abatements are not valued equally by all types of businesses. This paper provides state and local governments with an improved understanding of business in...
Fabrication and characterization of heterojunctions between chalcogenide glasses and III–V crystals

Abstract Heterojunctions of threshold-type chalcogenide glasses deposited onto both crystalline n-GaAs and crystalline n-InP have been fabricated and studied. Once the glass is switched into the on state, very asymmetric behavior is observed in both cases. Under forward bias, the devices exhibit low resistance, but strong current saturation occurs under reverse bias. No microwave gains or losses have been detected. The properties are explained by a consideration of the expected results when an N-type negative-differential-resistance device is placed in series with an S-type negative-differential-resistance device. A band diagram for the heterojunctions has been determined. The investigation of these heterojunctions has led to the new conclusion that a high field near the anode exists in the on state of the glass.
How can more women of childbearing age be encouraged to follow fish consumption recommendations

Abstract Several studies show that most women do not consume enough fish during pregnancy (and afterward) to derive the maximum health benefits for themselves and their babies, according to the USDA guidelines. We engaged in a two-part study to better understand what might be done to encourage women of childbearing age to eat healthy fish—a mail survey of women who recently gave birth in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania, and six focus groups with women of childbearing age living in the Great Lakes region. Similar to other studies, we found that many women changed their behavior and consumed less fish during pregnancy than before. Most women reported receiving information, primarily during pregnancy, about the types of fish and how much fish to eat. As a result, increasing access to information during pregnancy likely would not result in increasing many women׳s fish consumption. Based on our examination of factors influencing women to try to follow the recommendations, the strongest connection with trying to follow the recommendations was receiving enough information to decide and believing that eating fish was good for the baby. Focus group participants also reported that messages about the specific health benefits of fish consumption for their children were particularly influential. These findings suggest that refining messages through testing might be a valuable approach toward increasing women׳s consumption of less-contaminated fish.
Light Boundary Effect in Photophoresis

IN the course of a more extensive investigation of the phenomenon of photophoresis1–3, sunlight was focused vertically downward into an intense, sharply converging–diverging beam within a chamber containing air at a reduced pressure ranging from 5 to 15 torr. Graphite powder having particles mostly in the 0.1–1.0µ diameter range was dispersed as a dilute aerosol within the chamber. Particles in the beam exhibited both positive and negative photophoresis, that is, some of them moved along the rays of the beam away from the light source (positive) and some moved toward it (negative). The particles were also settling under the influence of gravity, and, as a result, some of them eventually came to the beam boundary, There they displayed a behaviour previously unreported; that action is described here.
Modeling the switched-induced error voltage on a switched-capacitor

An analytical model for switch-induced error voltage on a switched capacitor is derived. A compact expression contains the effects of gate voltage falling rate, threshold voltage, and storage capacitance. It can be used to quickly predict the error voltage. The model is in good agreement with computer simulations using SPICE program and experiment.
Painful Intercourse: Dyspareunia and Vaginismus

Dyspareunia and vaginismus are complex disorders involving a myriad of predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors that make painful intercourse a difficult symptom to relieve. A multidisciplinary, intersystems approach to etiology, assessment, and treatment is proposed as the optimal standard of care, with the collaboration of sex therapy, gynecology, and physical therapy. Etiology is reviewed as potentially involving physiological, psychological, couple, intergenerational, and sociocultural causes and influences. It is recommended that initial assessment focus on the properties of the pain, sexual function, and individual cognitive and coping styles. The assessment of relational, intergenerational, and sociocultural factors is best integrated throughout treatment. It is also recommended that treatment commence with education, goal setting, and anxiety reduction to then proceed to the systematic targeting of pain and physiological processes, sexual interactions, individual schema, and relationsh...
Left Anterior Hemiblock Concealing Diaphragmatic Infarction and Simulating Anteroseptal Infarction

athologic Q waves on the surface electrocardioPgram often reflect transmural myocardial infarction.'" Intraventricular conduction defects may sometimes be responsible for pathologic Q waves, erroneously suggesting i n f a r c t i ~ n . ~ In addition, evidence of myocardial infarction may be concealed by the development of intraventricular conduction defect^.^ This report describes a patient with acute diaphragmatic infarction in whom development of transient left anterior hemiblock (with possible septa1 fascicular block) concealed a diaphragmatic infarction and simulated anteroseptal infarction.
Morphological and structural studies of poly(gly-gly-ala)

The ultrastructural morphology and x-ray and electron diffraction of poly (Gly-Gly-Ala) have been studied. The polymer has two forms; the first, form I possesses a super-folded cross-β structure, long fibers of which show some twisting and intertwining. Form II precipitates in a less distinct fibrous form from aqueous solution. The x-ray diffraction and oriented electron diffraction data suggest that form II is a polyglycine II helix situated in a monoclinic cell with dimensions a = 8.86 A, b = 22.0 A, c = 9.42 A, and β = 90°. Combined with the morphological evidence it appears likely that form II is also in an antiparallel superfolded array.
Inhibitory activity and mechanism of inhibition of the N-[[(4-benzoylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino acid aldose reductase inhibitors.

Abstract A series of substituted N-[[4-benzoylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino acids (BAPS-amino acids) were synthesized by established methods, and the stereochemistry of the products was confirmed by HPLC analysis after chiral derivatization. When tested against aldose reductase (alditol:NADP+ oxidoreductase;EC 1.1.1.21;ALR2) isolated from rat lens, all of the BAPS-amino acids were determined to be significantly more inhibitory than the corresponding N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino acids. Structure-inhibition and enzyme kinetic analyses suggest that the BAPS-amino acids inhibit ALR2 by a mechanism similar to the N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino acids. However, multiple inhibition analyses indicate that the increased inhibitory activity of the BAPS-amino acids is a result of interaction with multiple sites present on ALR2. Enzyme specificity studies with several of the BAPS-amino acids demonstrated that these compounds do not produce significant inhibition of other nucleotide-requiring enzymes including aldehyde reductase (alcohol: NADP+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.2; ALR1).
Management of a spot price based energy marketplace

Abstract Some electricity utilities are moving away from rigid fixed prices towards a spot price marketplace. This paper discusses the management of four aspects of such new price structures: the electricity marketplace itself; the customers; the utility; and the regulatory commission. Both operating and planning management is addressed.
Environmental consequences of increasing food production

Abstract The success of agriculture in the technologically-advanced countries has been accompanied by a number of environmental problems. These problems have arisen because of the need for insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, and the local accumulation of large quantities of animal wastes. The less-developed nations have not achieved the same success in food production, and yet it is prudent for them to give attention even now to the environmental consequences of agricultural activities. They must initiate courses of action, so that there will be the least possible environmental perturbation as they come to rely more and more on pesticides and fertilizers. Both the advanced and the less-developed countries, however, must now devote considerable effort to minimizing salinization, erosion, and soil deterioration.
An isoperimetric inequality for the thread problem

Given a fixed curve C 0 in R n of length L 0 and a variable curve C of fixed length L ≤ L 0 , the thread problem seeks a least-area surface bounded by C 0 + C . We show that an extreme case is a circular arc and its chord. We provide some counterexamples and generalisations to higher dimensions.