cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping developmental precentral and postcentral gyral changes in children on magnetic resonance images.

Purpose To study the shape changes in precentral gyrus (PRG) and postcentral gyrus (PCG) during healthy brain development in childhood. Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance (MR) images from 20 healthy children scanned twice at 6.3 ± 0.8 and 8.1 ± 0.9 years old were analyzed in this study. The analysis steps included: 1) The PRG and PCG were manually segmented from the MR images of each subject; 2) 3D mesh representing the PRG and PCG were built from the manually segmented images; 3) a series of shape description features were extracted and statistically analyzed by a permutation test method. Results This study showed the following statistically significant findings (P < 0.05): left PCG and PRG are located more posteriorly and superiorly than their right compartments; the hemispheric asymmetry of the PRG in the inferior–superior direction decreased after 2 years; the superior part of the PCG and PRG shifted and rotated to the posterior side of the brain. Conclusion During normal pediatric brain development hemispheric asymmetry and shape of PCG and PRG are changed. These findings, together with previous reports in the literature, illustrate a region-specific brain structure maturation pattern in children and may be related to changing neurocognitive functions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:62–70. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature-aware computer systems: Opportunities and challenges

Temperature-aware design techniques have an important role to play in addition to traditional techniques like power-aware design and package- and board-level thermal engineering. The authors define the role of architecture techniques and describe hotspot, an accurate yet fast thermal model suitable for computer architecture research.
Oxytocin and Vasopressin are Present in Human and Rat Pancreas

Immunoreactive oxytocin and vasopressin were found in human and rat pancreatic extracts. The pancreatic oxytocin and vasopressin eluted on Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and on reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography in the same positions as their respective reference preparations. The immunoreactive oxytocin was biologically active in the rat milk ejection assay. The presence of oxytocin and vasopressin in human and rat pancreatic extracts suggests the possibility of local synthesis of both hormones. The neurohypophysial hormones are known to be endocrine mediators of insulin and glucagon release. The finding of oxytocin and vasopressin in the pancreas raises the possibility, although yet unproven, of local synthesis and perhaps a paracrine function for the neurohypophysial peptides upon pancreatic hormone release or for a local function upon the liver.
Evolutionary significance of xanthones in Gentianaceae: A reappraisal

Abstract Three evolutionary assumptions for xanthone substitution patterns were analysed in 12 genera of Gentianaceae, computing cladograms based on chemical and morphological characters. Two types of specialization trends seem to prevail: one biosynthetic with oxidative steps in xanthone ring A and with reduction in ring B and another one with decreasing diversity of xanthone compounds, caused by evolutionary loss. Therefore hexaoxygenation (1,3-dioxygenation of ring A and tetraoxygenation of ring B) as well as co-occurrence of tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexasubstituted compounds are probably primitive characters in the family. This explanation will result in three main evolutionary lines of analysed taxa: subtribe Erythraeinae having the most primitive, the Swertia-line an intermediate and the Gentiana-line an advanced position. These constallations are in congruence with the constructed morphological cladograms.
Functionality of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies Assessed by Cryopreserved Human Thyroid Cell Bioassay*

Immunoglobulin preparations from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease may inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled bovine TSH to solubilized TSH receptors without exhibiting concurrent thyroid stimulation. Such data have emphasized the continuing need for assay of biological function in addition to binding inhibition. We have employed a convenient technique using normal human thyroid cells cultured in mono-layers for 7 days and then cryopreserved in liquid N2. Thyroid stimulation was assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation in a modified hypotonic Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution using approximately 30,000 cells/well. Forty-five consecutive unselected immunoglobulin samples from hyperthyroid Graves’ patients were assayed at 10 mg/ml protein for 2 h. Thirty-two (71%) of these untreated samples and 3 of 13 (23%) samples from treated euthyroid Graves’ patients caused significantly greater stimulation than normal Ig prepared and assayed simultaneously. Forty-four percent of the positive samples were ...
Demonstration of efficient trichloroethylene biodegradation in a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor

Rapid cometabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE) by pure cultures of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b PP358 was demonstrated in a two-stage hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor over the course of 3 weeks. PP358 was grown in a continuous-flow chemostat and circulated through the shell of a hollow-fiber membrane module (HFMM), while TCE contaminated water was pumped through the fiber lumen. In parallel-flow HFMM biological experiments, 82% to 89% of the influent TCE was removed from the lumen with 99% of the transferred TCE undergoing biodegradation. Biological experiments in a larger capacity baffled radial-flow HFMM resulted in 66% to 99% TCE transferred and 93% to 96% TCE biodegradation at lumen residence times of between 1.5 and 3.7 min. Biodegradation was maintained throughout the experiments at pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants of 0.41 to 2.8 L/mg TSS/day. Best-fit computer modeling of the baffled radial-flow biological process estimated mass transfer coefficients as large as 2.7 {times} 10{sup {minus}2} cm/min. The computer model was also shown to simulate the experimental results quite well.
Polarized Raman Scattering from Small Single Crystals

Polarized Raman scattering from single crystals can provide definitive evidence for assigning symmetry species to vibrational modes.1 Unfortunately, reflection from crystal faces and surface imperfections scrambles the polarization of the scattered radiation. Reflection problems can be avoided for large crystals by polishing the crystal surfaces. For small crystals this is not possible. Consequently, studies of small crystals have generally utilized 180° viewing, which minimizes reflection problems.1 A simple and inexpensive technique for studying the polarization of Raman scattering (90° viewing) from small single crystals is presented here.
Characterizing LEDs for general illumination applications: Mixed-color and phosphor-based white sources

The rapid development of high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) has made this technology a potential candidate for architectural lighting applications. There are two distinct approaches for creating white light. The first is combining blue LEDs with a phosphor and the second is mixing monochromatic LEDs in appropriate proportions. This manuscript presents some of the critical issues involved in creating a good quality, stable white light source using the color mixture approach for LEDs. Some sample calculations for mixing different colored LEDs to obtain specific color appearance (CCT) and color rendering properties (CRI) are shown in this paper. Calculations show that the CRI values of mixed-color white LEDs can be changed significantly by shifting the wavelengths of the LEDs by a small amount. It is also shown that small amplitude and wavelength shifts can cause perceivable color differences in the mixed-color white LEDs. Therefore, circuits must be properly designed to power these types of white light sources so that they are acceptable for architectural lighting applications. Because the light output variation as a function of time at different drive currents was not readily available, an experiment was conducted to quantify the light output change as a function of time for red, green, blue and white 5-mm LEDs, at fiber different constant current values (20,30,40,50 and 50 mA). The light output of the different colored LEDs depreciated at different rates. The depreciation rates increased in the following order: red, green, blue, and white. Furthermore, the light output depreciation increased with increasing drive current. The red LEDs has the least amount of light output depreciation rate variation as function of drive current, green and blue LEDs ranked after that, and white LEDs had the most variation for the same drive current variation. A group of twelve new high-powered phosphor-based white LEDs were tested at their rated current, (which is much higher than 20 mA), and their light output depreciation rate was very much less compared to the 5-mm phosphor-based white LEDs operating at 20 mA. It appears that manufacturers have solved the excessive lumen depreciation issues faced by traditional white LEDs by packaging them differently and properly extracting the heat, and by using materials that do not degrade over time. This progress makes the LED technology a more promising candidate for architectural lighting applications.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Retrograde gastric electrical stimulation reduces food intake and weight in obese rats

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic potential of retrograde gastric electrical stimulation (RGES) for obesity in a rodent model of obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: The study was performed in 12 obese Zucker rats implanted with two pairs of gastric serosal electrodes, one pair for stimulation and the other for recording intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity. It was composed of an acute study in three sessions to study the effect of RGES on intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity and acute food intake and a chronic phase to study the short-term effect of RGES on weight. RGES was performed through the distal stomach using long pulses at a frequency of tachygastria (known to induce gastric hypomotility). Results: RGES completely entrained intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity and turned it into tachygastria at a certain strength. RGES reduced acute food intake compared with the control (p < 0.01). A 2-week treatment of RGES resulted in a significant reduction in food intake (p = 0.002) and a significantly greater weight loss than sham stimulation (p = 0.004). Discussion: RGES at a tachygastrial frequency reduces food intake and results in weight loss in obese Zucker rats, and its effect is probably attributed to the introduction of tachygastria in the stomach.
Location of chromophoric residues in ribonuclease T1 by solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy.

Summary The degree to which aromatic amino acid residues in ribunoculease T 1 are accessible to solvent has been determined by the technique of solvent perturbation ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. Two of the nine tyrosine residues are at the surface and freely accessible to solvent. The single tryptophan residue and two to three additional tyrosine residues are close enough to the surface to be available for long range interactions with solvent. Both groups of aromatic residues are available to play a role in recognition and binding of substrate.
Generalization of the Ehrenfest Urn Model

A generalization of the usual Ehrenfest urn model is discussed. The generalization is made by relaxing the condition that the transition probabilities between the two urns are equal. The model is interpreted as a schematic representation of the behavior of a system in contact with a heat bath at fixed temperature. The stochastic equations for the model are solved by methods used by Kac and the results are interpreted physically.
Diverse characteristics of wetlands restored under the Wetlands Reserve Program in the Southeastern United States

The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) restores converted or degraded wetlands on private working lands; however, the nature and outcomes of such efforts are undocumented in the Southeastern U.S. Identification of wetland types is needed to assess the program’s conservation benefits, because ecological functions differ with hydrogeomorphic (HGM) type. We reviewed >100 WRP projects across the Southeast Piedmont–Coastal Plain to characterize their wetland types and to evaluate whether restoration practices favored original or modified functions. The projects encompassed four HGM types and diverse pre-restoration conditions. Nearly half were converted wetlands retired from active agriculture; the remainder were either drained vegetated wetlands or forested bottomlands degraded by timber harvest. Hydrology-repair practices varied by wetland type and prior condition, with differing functional implications. Depressions and flats typically were restored, whereas low-order riparian sites and prior-agriculture floodplains were often modified to enhance water retention. Timber-harvested floodplains were restored by removing barriers to water flow and biotic connectivity. Vegetation restoration was generally passive, but tree planting was frequent on prior-agriculture sites. Field surveys suggested that most projects had positive indicators of wetland hydrology, vegetation, and faunal use. The variety of Southeastern WRP wetlands has implications for ecosystem services at local and landscape scales.
A modified Wilcoxon rank sum test for paired data

SUMMARY A function of the Wilcoxon rank sum statistic is proposed for testing the equality of the marginal distributions when sampling from a bivariate population. The test statistic is asymptotically nonparametric. A comparison is made between the test statistic and several parametric and nonparametric tests in terms of their Pitman relative efficiency and small-sample performance. The test statistic has power comparable to the paired t test when sampling from the bivariate normal distribution and greater power in several important cases.
What is the Role of Biofilms in Severe Head and Neck Infections

Most infections of the head and neck and virtually all of those encountered in the practice of dentistry are caused by bacteria that are organized into biofilms. A biofilm is a complex, usually multispecies, highly communicative community of bacteria that is surrounded by a polymeric matrix. Treatment of these types of infections with traditional antibiotics alone is ineffective, and surgical removal of diseased tissue is still necessary.
Elastic Green's function for a composite solid with a planar interface

The elastic plane-strain Green's function is calculated for a general anisotropic composite solid with a plane interface and a line load parallel to the composite interface. The interface may be between two different solids or between different orientations of the same solid such as a grain boundary. The equations of elastic equilibrium are solved by the Fourier transform method. Analytical expressions are obtained for the Green's function in real as well as Fourier space. These expressions should be useful for calculations of elastic properties of a composite solid containing defects. Two sum rules are also derived for matrices which constitute the Green's function and the stress tensor. These sum rules can serve as numerical checks in detailed computer simulation calculations.
Exploring the limits of RF shimming for high-field MRI of the human head.

Several methods have been proposed for overcoming the effects of radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field inhomogeneity in high-field MRI. Some of these methods rely at least in part on the ability to independently control magnitude and phase of different drives in either one multielement RF coil or in different RF coils in a transmit array. The adjustment of these drive magnitudes and phases alone to create uniform RF magnetic (B1) fields has been called RF shimming, and has certain limits at every frequency as dictated by possible solutions to Maxwell’s equations. Here we use numerical calculations to explore the limits of RF shimming in the human head. We found that a 16-element array can effectively shim a single slice at frequencies up to 600 MHz and the whole brain at up to 300 MHz, while an 80-element array can shim the whole brain at up to 600 MHz. Magn Reson Med 56:918 –922, 2006. © 2006 WileyLiss, Inc.
Neural correlates of moral and non-moral emotion in female psychopathy.

This study presents the first neuroimaging investigation of female psychopathy in an incarcerated population. Prior studies have found that male psychopathy is associated with reduced limbic and paralimbic activation when processing emotional stimuli and making moral judgments. The goal of this study was to investigate whether these findings extend to female psychopathy. During fMRI scanning, 157 incarcerated and 46 non-incarcerated female participants viewed unpleasant pictures, half which depicted moral transgressions, and neutral pictures. Participants rated each picture on moral transgression severity. Psychopathy was assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in all incarcerated participants. Non-incarcerated participants were included as a control group to derive brain regions of interest associated with viewing unpleasant versus neutral pictures (emotion contrast), and unpleasant pictures depicting moral transgressions versus unpleasant pictures without moral transgressions (moral contrast). Regression analyses in the incarcerated group examined the association between PCL-R scores and brain activation in the emotion and moral contrasts. Results of the emotion contrast revealed a negative correlation between PCL-R scores and activation in the right amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate. Results of the moral contrast revealed a negative correlation between PCL-R scores and activation in the right temporo-parietal junction. These results indicate that female psychopathy, like male psychopathy, is characterized by reduced limbic activation during emotion processing. In contrast, reduced temporo-parietal activation to moral transgressions has been less observed in male psychopathy. These results extend prior findings in male psychopathy to female psychopathy, and reveal aberrant neural responses to morally-salient stimuli that may be unique to female psychopathy.
Selecting the Right Tool for the Job: A Review of Behavior Monitoring Tools Used to Assess Student Response-to-Intervention

The educational accountability movement has demanded that educators implement and also monitor students’ responses to positive behavioral accommodations in schools as well as communicate this information to others. This new responsibility has left many educators struggling with ways to monitor students effectively. This article provides a brief overview of how to choose a behavioral monitor strategy effectively. Four options for behavioral monitoring are reviewed: (a) permanent products; (b) behavior rating scales; (c) systematic direct observation; and (d) behavior report cards. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of each method are discussed along six areas of consideration: (a) goodness of fit; (b) directness; (c) generalization; (d) feasibility; (e) training; and (f) intrusiveness. Finally, the methods are considered in relation to each stage of the intervention process. This article provides a brief guide for school-based professionals focusing on behavior problems-one that provides multiple options for assessment and monitoring procedures and outlines considerations for selecting among these options.
Regulatory relationship among piwi, pumilio, and bag-of-marbles in Drosophila germline stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

Abstract The transition from a Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell (GSC) to its differentiated daughter cell, the cystoblast, is controlled by both niche signals and intrinsic factors. piwi and pumilio ( pum ) are essential for GSC self-renewal, whereas bag-of-marbles ( bam ) is required for cystoblast differentiation [1–8]. We demonstrate that Piwi and Bam proteins are expressed independently of each other in reciprocal patterns in GSCs and cystoblasts. However, overexpression of either one antagonizes the other in these cells. Furthermore, piwi;bam double mutants phenocopy the bam mutant. This epistasis reflects the niche signaling function of piwi because depleting piwi from niche cells in bam mutant ovaries also phenocopies bam mutants. Thus, bam is epistatic to niche Piwi, but not germline Piwi function. Despite this, bam − ovaries lacking germline Piwi contain approximately 4-fold fewer germ cells than bam − ovaries, consistent with the role of germline Piwi in promoting GSC mitosis by 4-fold [3]. Finally, pum is epistatic to bam , indicating that niche Piwi does not regulate Bam-C through Pum. We propose that niche Piwi maintains GSCs by repressing bam expression in GSCs, which consequently prevents Bam from downregulating Pum/Nos function in repressing the translation of differentiation genes and germline Piwi function in promoting germ cell division.
Enhancing reliability and flexibility of a system-on-chip using reconfigurable logic

In this paper we present the design of a SoC baseline platform with a Leon2 CPU. An Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) module and a reconfigurable core form the IP blocks that are attached to the SoC through AMIBA bus. The reconfigurable core is inserted into the design using tools developed by DAFCA, Inc. (Design Automation for Flexible Chip Architectures) for post-silicon debugging and verification. Hence, a re-spin may be avoided and the time-to-market will be reduced.
Quasi-Isothermal Superfluid Film Flow: Oscillations Between Two Reservoirs

We have carried out a detailed study of the frequency and damping of the oscillations in levels of two reservoirs of HeII which are coupled only via the mobile superfluid film. Our experiments cover the temperature range $1.2lTl2.13$ K and utilize several geometries under quasi-isothermal conditions. Below 2 K our results for the damping are in quantitative agreement with predictions based on a theory first proposed by Robinson. This indicates that the damping mechanisms proposed by Allen and by Calvani, Greulich, and Maraviglia are of minor importance under our experimental conditions. It is argued that the Robinson theory can explain the previous general agreement with the Allen theory.
Negotiation support in online markets, with competition and co-operation

We describe the design and implementation of online bilateral negotiations. The negotiation middleware can be used in a stand-alone mode for electronic commerce and to provide support for other multilateral trading systems such as auctions and RFQ's, where it is integrated with bidding and bargaining processes. The negotiation engine design uses the state-machine formalism. It supports multi-attributed bids and offers and a wide variety of evaluation schemes. Since various users of the system may need different negotiation protocols to achieve their differing objectives such as rapidly concluding the deal or finding the mutually optimal solution, the design of the negotiation engine supports the choice of a negotiation protocol best suited for the objective. The negotiation engine has been prototyped on WebSphere commerce suite, IBM's e-commerce middleware.
Radiation characteristics of conformal reflectarray antennas

This paper investigates the feasibility of designing conformal reflectarrays on cylindrical surfaces, which provides insight into many radiation characteristics of conformal reflectarrays. A general array theory formulation is described that can be applied to any conformal reflectarray geometry. Convex and concave surfaces are studied and the radiation patterns, directivity, and bandwidth of these conformal reflectarrays are compared with planar designs. It is shown that for applications where a curved platform is available, sector reflectarrays can be a suitable design that achieves a similar performance to planar arrays.
Medical student outcomes after family-centered bedside rounds.

Abstract Objective Family-centered bedside rounds (FCBRs) are recommended to improve trainee education, patient outcomes, and family satisfaction. However, bedside teaching has waned in recent years, potentially leading to less teaching and more concern for trainees. We examined medical students' concerns, teaching evaluations, and attitudes after experiencing FCBRs during the pediatric clerkship. Methods Data are both cross-sectional and pre-clerkship and post-clerkship surveys for 113 (89%) of 127 students. Students reported frequencies of post-clerkship concerns (14 items) and teaching experiences (17 items), with 5 response options (1 = never, 2=rarely, 3=occasionally, 4=usually, 5=always, dichotomized with "frequent" being usually or occasionally). Students reported pre-clerkship and post-clerkship attitudes for 4 items on a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree). Analyses included adjusted means or proportions. Results The most commonly endorsed concern was presenting information in a way that was understandable to patients and families, with 34.5% of students having this concern frequently. The majority of students frequently experienced 12 of 17 teaching items. Effective teaching of physical exam skills was the teaching item least often experienced frequently by students (20.3%). Student attitudes about the benefits of FCBRs for families were significantly more positive post-clerkship (mean change, 0.37 points; P P > .05). Conclusions Although students demonstrate positive attitudes toward FCBRs and report frequent occurrence of inpatient teaching elements, findings suggest opportunities for easing student concerns and for using this venue to teach exam skills.
Process reliability development for nonvolatile memories

Reliability development during the process design of 0.8- mu m and 1.0- mu m nonvolatile memory technology is discussed. The process development of the passivation system, the polysilicon layer, and the gate oxide are all analyzed. Passivation reliability in terms of data retention, humidity performance, and erasability is presented for various passivation options. A new failure mechanism associated with electronic emission from poly residue is highlighted, and the poly process optimization to eliminate this mechanism is shown. The effect of reoxidized nitrided dielectrics on hot carrier minimization is also evaluated, and the optimal nitridation are reoxidation conditions to achieve hot carrier immunity are presented. >
Laplacian graph eigenvectors

Abstract If G is a graph, its Laplacian is the difference of the diagonal matrix of its vertex degrees and its adjacency matrix. The main thrust of the present article is to prove several Laplacian eigenvector “principles” which in certain cases can be used to deduce the effect on the spectrum of contracting, adding or deleting edges and/or of coalescing vertices. One application is the construction of two isospectral graphs on 11 vertices having different degree sequences, only one of which is bipartite, and only one of which is decomposable.
Low Phase-Noise Planar Oscillators Based on Low-Noise Active Resonators

A very low phase-noise planar X -band oscillator employing an active resonator has been demonstrated. The high frequency selectivity of the active filter, used as the resonator, is the key factor in phase-noise reduction. A design procedure to achieve the resonator's optimum performance for low phase-noise applications is presented. In particular, the effect of the excess noise introduced by the active filter is addressed and its impact on the oscillator's phase noise is minimized. The oscillator, operating at 8 GHz, shows a measured phase noise of -150 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset with 10-dBm output power. To the best of our knowledge, this oscillator demonstrates the lowest phase noise among published X -band planar oscillators to date.
GLOBAL JUSTICE PROTEST EVENTS AND THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIFFERENCES

ABSTRACT. Recent social movement activities – in particular, transnationally-coordinated global justice mobilizations – require participants to work across substantial differences in languages, cultural backgrounds, political visions, and organizing traditions. Negotiating such differences is an active, adaptive, and learning-intensive process. In contrast to more institutionalized settings such as schools and workplaces, where tropes like “multiculturalism᾿ figure prominently in treatments of “difference,᾿ I argue that knowledge production in social movement settings cultivates a more intensely relational and dynamic disposition towards differences. LES ACTIONS REVENDICATRICES DE JUSTICE GLOBALE ET LA CREATION DE SAVOIR SUR LES DIFFERENCES RESUME. Les activites recemment menees par les mouvements sociaux – plus specifiquement, les mobilisations transnationales de justice globale – amenent les participants a collaborer au-dela de differences parfois substantielles de langues, origines culturelles, visions politiques et traditions d’organisation. La negociation de ces differences s’incarne dans un processus actif et necessite un effort intense d’adaptation et d’apprentissage. Contrairement aux milieux institutionnels – ecoles ou milieux de travail – ou les rhetoriques telles que le multiculturalisme oriente de maniere evidente la gestion des differences, je soutiens que la creation de connaissances au sein des mouvements sociaux favorise une disposition dynamique et intensement relationnelle envers les differences.
Prespeech vocalizations of a deaf infant: a comparison with normal metaphonological development.

A comparative study of the speech-like vocalizations of a deaf infant and a group of 11 hearing infants was conducted in order to examine the role of auditory experience in the development of the p...
Menopausal Issues After Spinal Cord Injury

Women with spinal cord injury (SCI) who are aging encounter menopause with disability-related issues. The SCI itself may predispose individuals to osteoporosis, genitourinary changes, and cardiovascular alterations. Menopause may exacerbate these problems by the effects of estrogen withdrawal. Treatment options for able-bodied women have been well studied and may be important preventive health measures for women with SCI. Experience is lacking, however, on the therapeutic benefits and side effects of these interventions.
Microwave and DC anisotropy fields of exchange-coupled CoFe/PtMn/CoFe trilayers

In this paper, the authors examined the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) characteristics of CoFe/PtMn/CoFe trilayer thin films to determine mechanisms behind the intermediate drop in linewidth observed, and investigate the exchange bias fields (Hex) at DC versus at X-band (9.5 GHz). Results showed that the FMR linewidth did not drop monotonically with the increase of FM thickness in the exchange coupled trilayers. This non-monotonic FMR linewidth drop could be utilized in integrated microwave magnetic materials for RF and microwave devices.
Comparative analysis of cytokeratin 15, TDAG51, cytokeratin 20 and androgen receptor in sclerosing adnexal neoplasms and variants of basal cell carcinoma.

Background Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE), morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) are sclerosing adnexal neoplasms with overlapping histopathologic features. We compared cytokeratin 15, (CK15), T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and androgen receptor (AR) in differentiating these tumors and assessed their expression in BCC subtypes. Methods Fifteen DTE, 15 infundibulocystic BCC, 18 micronodular BCC, 18 morpheaform BCC and 6 MAC were assessed for CK15, TDAG51, CK20 and AR expression. Results Quantitative CK15 staining was higher in DTE compared with BCC (p < 0.0001) and MAC (p = 0.02). Quantitative TDAG51 staining was higher in DTE than BCC (p < 0.0001). The CK20+AR− immunophenotype was 100% sensitive and specific in diagnosing DTE. The CK20−AR+ immunophenotype was 95.24% specific and 83.33% sensitive for BCC. The CK20−AR− immunophenotype was 83.33% sensitive and 90.91% specific for MAC. CK15, CK20 and AR were positive in 87, 53 and 67% of infundibulocystic BCC cases, respectively. Conclusion Combination of CK20 and AR best differentiated these sclerosing adnexal neoplasms. Greater positivity for CK15 and TDAG51 generally favors benign lesions. Infundibulocystic BCC has higher CK20 and lower AR immunopositivity than other BCC variants and a high degree of CK15 and TDAG51 positivity.
Digital Still Snapshots of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule Entry

of the observed broadband flux is due to gray body radiation from the hot surface of the thermal protection system, exceptintheverybeginningwhenstrongemissionlines ofzincfromanablating paintlayercontributedsignificantly to the blue band. The measured flux in the green band was used to measure the surface-averaged temperature variation during flight, and the corresponding flux in the blue and red bands were used to verify the expected wavelength dependence of the gray body emission.
Measuring end-to-end bulk transfer capacity

This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of an application layer tool that measures the Bulk Transfer Capacity (BTC) of a network path. BTC is roughly defined as the throughput that a flow using standard congestion control techniques would obtain across a given network path at a given time. We utilize the NIMI mesh of measurement hosts to compare stock BSD TCP with a new BTC measurement tool, cap. While BTC tools have been around for some time, no systematic evaluation of their accuracy with respect to standard TCP congestion control across a wide variety of network paths has been conducted. The goal of this paper is to provide such an empirical evaluation of a BTC tool and therefore assess the reliability of the measurement obtained using BTC tools.
Effect of Diazinon PLUS on rapidly adapting receptors in the rabbit

Campbell, Hillary, Krishnan Ravi, Emigdio Bravo, and C. Tissa Kappagoda. Effect of Diazinon PLUS on rapidly adapting receptors in the rabbit. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2604–2610, 1996.—The effects o...
Very Basic Lie Theory

(1983). Very Basic Lie Theory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 90, No. 9, pp. 600-623.
Effects of Massive Doses of P-Aminobenzoic Acid and Inositol on Reproduction in the Rat

SummaryNo adverse effects on growth or reproduction were noted in female rats fed purified rations containing 1% p-amino-benzoic acid or inositol. Lactation was inadequate both in control and experimental rations, although some young were weaned on each of the above diets.
Are you ready to run for Congress

Why me? As pharmacists, we are the health professionals who see patients most often. As pharmacists providing patient care, we are affected by rules and regulations. While some of the rules make sense, you may feel that others do not. As an advocate for the improved health of our patients, you can influence future rules and regulations. I wasn’t always active politically. Looking back about 10 years, I voted and assumed that fulfilled my obligations. Then an issue arose and I contacted my state legislator about it. This started the crusade for my work with legislative issues affecting our patients and profession. Back in 2009, we started a discharge medication reconciliation pilot at our facility. After 9 months, we found we had improved care, reduced the number of potential adverse drug events, and lowered our readmission rate by over 40%. Now 4 years later, we continue to see those results.
Contrasting concepts within the US and across the African diaspora: motherhood status reconsidered comparatively

This essay provides another perspective on motherhood status, involving an often ignored aspect of race and gender relations in U.S politics. It offers a slight caveat to Tripp's account. Whereas motherhood status serves a legitimizing force and allows women to enter the public domain with relative ease in African societies, it can work more to a woman's disadvantage and make her less likely to enter the public domain in the U.S. Herein lies the contribution of this essay. The author recognizes that prevailing notions of motherhood in the African context do not correspond well with traditional Western views of this same axis of identity especially for U.S. politics. She observes that motherhood has real conceptual meaning and comparatively so for women within the U.S. and across the African diaspora. The meaning of motherhood essentially travels and goes from passive attribute to elevated resource in one context versus the other. It has currency as an external thing, a deployable resource or reputational ...
Water soluble wire enamel

The substitution of water for the conventional cresylic/hydrocarbon system into polyester type enamels has presented no problems in its use. Tower profiles, speeds and application equipment have remained unchanged, thus providing for a smooth transition to water based systems.
Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR detection of Wnt-1,wnt-3a,andβ-catenin expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and the correlation between corresponding signaling pathways and tumor incidence

Objective To ascertain the relationship between the incidence of cervical cancer and the wnt signaling pathway in order to provide guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease and to provide new ideas for targeted therapy. Methods The expression of wnt-3aandβ-catenin was immunohistochemically detected in normal cervical tissue,cervical intraepithelial neoplasias,and cervical squamous cell carcinomas.The association between that expression and disease was analyzed and then levels of expression of wnt-1and wnt-3amRNA in the 3types of tissues were determined. Results wnt-3aprotein was slightly expressed(10%)in normal cervical tissue,where it appeared in the cell cytoplasm.The protein stained yellow in the cytoplasm of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cervical squamous cell carcinomas,where the corresponding rates of expression were 37.5%and 39.3%.In normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue,β-catenin protein was constantly expressed on the cell membrane,and this protein was mainly located in the membrane of cells in the stratum spinosum and basal layer of the epithelium.The protein was stained brown and the cytoplasm was clear.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cervical squamous cell carcinomas exhibited a loss of expression at a rate of 15%,a lack of expression at a rate of 50%,and abnormal expression at a rate of 82.1%,those these rates varied.Expression of wnt-3aprotein and abnormal expression ofβ-catenin protein were correlated(P0.05,r=0.195).Electrophoresis revealed a target band at around 100 bp for the wnt-1gene and a target band at around 147 bp for the wnt-3a gene. Conclusion The development of cervical cancer is closely related to activation of the wnt signaling pathway and abnormal expression ofβ-catenin.Detection of both wnt-3aandβ-catenin expression can more accurately diagnose cervical cancer at an early stage.
Uniaxial perfectly matched layer for period structural three-dimensional ADI-FDTD algorithm

To apply the ADI-FDTD(alternating-direction implicit finite-difference timedomain) algorithm to analyzing the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the periodic structures,the formulations of uniaxial perfectly matched layer(UPML) for periodic structural three-dimensional ADI-FDTD algorithm,as well as the treatment of the special non-tridiagonal matrix were proposed based on the conventional UPML formulations.The reflection error of the proposed ADI-UPML absorber can be-30 dB when the time-step size is six times of the conventional FDTD method.Numerical results show that this scheme can still remain unconditionally stable,and has enough precision and better effectiveness,but the CFL(courant-friedrich-levy) number should be fewer than eight due to the numerical dispersion error.
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Tcrb Gene Assembly

Vertebrate development requires the formation of multiple cell types from a single genetic blueprint, an extraordinary feat that is guided by the dynamic and finely tuned reprogramming of gene expression. The sophisticated orchestration of gene expression programs is driven primarily by changes in the patterns of covalent chromatin modifications. These epigenetic changes are directed by cis elements, positioned across the genome, which provide docking sites for transcription factors and associated chromatin modifiers. Epigenetic changes impact all aspects of gene regulation, governing association with the machinery that drives transcription, replication, repair and recombination, a regulatory relationship that is dramatically illustrated in developing lymphocytes. The program of somatic rearrangements that assemble antigen receptor genes in precursor B and T cells has proven to be a fertile system for elucidating relationships between the genetic and epigenetic components of gene regulation. This chapter describes our current understanding of the cross-talk between key genetic elements and epigenetic programs during recombination of the Tcrb locus in developing T cells, how each contributes to the regulation of chromatin accessibility at individual DNA targets for recombination, and potential mechanisms that coordinate their actions.
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Tumor invasion and metastasis formation are the hallmarks of malignant cancer. Metastatic spread of cancer cells is a result of a complex cascade of cellular events. This article discusses the matrix met-alloproteinase family, the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity, and the functions of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor progression.
Introduction: Multicultural Perspectives of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma

ABSTRACTIntergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) has increasingly been a topic of interest among researchers. What still appears lacking is the thorough understanding of ITT in various marginalized cultural groups. This special issue is the second part of a 2-part series that systematically reviews the literature, synthesizes the literature, and conducts original research in ITT in marginalized groups. Due to known devastating and far-reaching effects of ITT, the authors of the 4 articles in this special issue attempt to shed light on ITT mechanisms and salient sociocultural factors that might lead to or exacerbate ITT in 4 marginalized communities. The authors also offer suggestions on culturally responsive ways of healing from ITT in these cultural groups.
Exposure to siRNA-GalNAc Conjugates in Systems of the Standard Test Battery for Genotoxicity.

Registration of pharmaceuticals requires an assessment of their genotoxic potential using in vitro and in vivo tests outlined in the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidance S2(R1). We have evaluated numerous siRNA-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugates containing phosphorothioate linkages and various combinations of 2′-fluoro and 2′-O-methyl ribose modifications of multiple nucleotides in the ICH battery of assays, all of which have uniformly yielded negative results. To verify these negative genotoxicity results, in this study we confirm test article exposure using toolkit small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) representative of those in the clinic. In the Ames test, the highest uptake of the siRNA-GalNAc conjugates occurred at 1 h postdose in all bacterial strains independent of siRNA sequence or chemistry (up to ∼14,000 siRNA molecules per cell), followed by metabolic degradation of the parent siRNA at 6, 24, and 48 h postdose. siRNA-GalNAc conjugates were internalized by bacteria as asses...
Obesity Increases the Odds of Acquiring and Incarcerating Noninguinal Abdominal Wall Hernias

The current data available describing the relationship of obesity and abdominal wall hernias is sparse. The objective of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of noninguinal abdominal wall hernias and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and other demographic risk factors. Patients with umbilical, incisional, ventral, epigastric, or Spigelian hernias with or without incarceration were identified using the regional database for 14 hospitals over a 3-year period. Patients were stratified based on their BMI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to distinguish other significant risk factors associated with the hernias. Of 2,807,414 patients, 26,268 (0.9%) had one of the specified diagnoses. Average age of the patients was 52 years and 61 per cent were male. The majority of patients had nonincarcerated umbilical hernias (74%). Average BMI was 32 kg/m2. Compared with patients with a normal BMI, the odds of having a hernia increased with BMI: BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 odds ratio (OR) 1.63, BMI of 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 OR 2.62, BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 OR 3.91, BMI 50 to 59.9 kg/m2 OR 4.85, and BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 OR 5.17 (P<0.0001). Age older than 50 years was associated with a higher risk for having a hernia (OR, 2.12; 95% [CI], 2.07 to 2.17), whereas female gender was associated with a lower risk (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.55). Those with incarcerated hernias had a higher average BMI (32 kg/m2 vs 35 kg/m2; P<0.0001). Overall, BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 showed an increased chance of incarceration, and a BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 had the highest chance of incarceration, OR 12.7 (P<0.0001). Age older than 50 years and female gender were also associated with a higher risk of incarceration (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.59 and OR, 1.80; CI, 1.45 to 2.24). Increasing BMI and increasing age are associated with a higher prevalence and an increased risk of incarceration of noninguinal abdominal wall hernias.
High-Frequency Dusting Versus Conventional Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Intrarenal and Ureteral Calculi.

Abstract Introduction: The efficiency of holmium laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis depends upon several factors, including laser pulse energy and frequency and stone composition and retropulsion. This study investigates the complex interplay between these factors and quantifies lithotripsy efficiency using different laser settings in a benchtop kidney and ureter model. Materials and Methods: In vitro caliceal and ex vivo porcine ureteral models were constructed. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were fragmented using a 200-μm laser fiber. In the caliceal model, stone fragmentation and vaporization rates at settings of 0.6 J/5 Hz, 0.2 J/15 Hz, and 0.2 J/50 Hz were compared. In the ureteral model, fragmentation time, retropulsion rate, fragmentation rate, and fragmented stone weight were compared at settings of 0.6 J/5 Hz and 0.2 J/15 Hz. Retropulsive forces generated at 0.6 J/5 Hz, 0.2 J/15 Hz, and 0.2 J/50 Hz settings were compared. Analysis was performed using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. Result...
Promoting CM Student Success: Establishing an Academic Performance Benchmark Given Construction-Education Self-Efficacy, Motivation and Planned Behavior

ABSTRACTHigh levels of self-efficacy, motivation and intentions to perform well are necessary to achieve high grade point averages (GPA) in demanding academic programs including engineering, mathematics and the sciences. However, scant research has investigated these constructs within the domain of construction management (CM) education. The Construction Training Attitudes and Intentions Scale (CTAIS), which adapts self-efficacy, motivation and planned behavior constructs to the construction-education domain, was administered among CM and Non-CM students (n = 633) enrolled in courses required for a bachelor degree at three American Council for Construction Education accredited programs. Significant differences (p < .001) in construction-education domain-level constructs were observed for CM and Non-CM majors providing evidence of face validity. CM majors (n = 587) were separated for ANOVA. Significant differences in self-efficacy (p = .014) and planned behavior (p = .001) were observed by GPA. Post-hoc an...