cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A solid-state density functional theory investigation of the effect of metal substitution (Metal = Mn, Cd, Co) on the terahertz spectra of isomorphous molecular metal 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazolato complexes

Abstract The crystal structure and experimental terahertz spectroscopy of an isomorphous series [Mn(C6H4N5)2(H2O)4]⋅2H2O (Mn-4PT), [Co(C6H4N5)2(H2O)4]⋅2H2O (Co-4PT), and [Cd(C6H4N5)2(H2O)4]⋅2H2O (Cd-4PT) were compared using solid-state density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The effect of the central metal atom was investigated to determine the influence on the low energy lattice and molecular vibrations exhibited in the region from 10 to 100 cm−1, known as the terahertz (THz) region. Using solid-state DFT the normal modes of these THz vibrations were determined and it was shown that the mass and size of the metal center has a large effect in this region. Each complex exhibited common vibrational modes involving whole ligand motion around the central metal atom. These vibrations were found to shift to lower frequencies with a drastic mass increase; however, this trend is reversed with the smaller mass change between the manganese and cobalt due to the stronger cobalt–nitrogen bond compared to the manganese–nitrogen bond.
The RAD9 Gene Controls the Cell Cycle Response to DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cell division is arrested in many organisms in response to DNA damage. Examinations of the genetic basis for this response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the RAD9 gene product is essential for arrest of cell division induced by DNA damage. Wild-type haploid cells irradiated with x-rays either arrest or delay cell division in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Irradiated G1 and M phase haploid cells arrest irreversibly in G2 and die, whereas irradiated G2 phase haploid cells delay in G2 for a time proportional to the extent of damage before resuming cell division. In contrast, irradiated rad9 cells in any phase of the cycle do not delay cell division in G2, but continue to divide for several generations and die. However, efficient DNA repair can occur in irradiated rad9 cells if irradiated cells are blocked for several hours in G2 by treatment with a microtubule poison. The RAD9-dependent response detects potentially lethal DNA damage and causes arrest of cells in G2 until such damage is repaired.
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious agents but usually present as genetic or sporadic disorders. The nature of the infectious agents is not known. In 1986 a new transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, which was called bovine spongiform encephalopathy or “mad cow disease,” was described in Britain.1 In 1996 the British noted cases of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease that differed from other cases of the same disease and named this entity new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.2 The possible association of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with bovine spongiform encephalopathy brought these rare diseases to public and political attention. This review summarizes the background information . . .
A Nonmonotonic Theory of Probability for Spin- $$\textstyle{1 \over 2}$$ Systems

Kolmogorov's theory of probability is monotonic, meaning that the probability of A is less than or equal to the probability of B whenever A entails B. A nonmonotonic theory of probability is obtained, if the greatest lower bound for probabilities is set at −1 instead of 0, the value fixed by Kolmogorov's positivity axiom. The new theory retains Kolmogorov's other axioms, and many important theorems still hold. It also has substantial applicability: it can accommodate probabilities for spin-\(\textstyle{1 \over 2}\) systems while preserving Boolean operations. That is to say, negative probabilities are here provided with a homely setting in the quantum domain.
Study of Subharmonic Oscillation Mechanism and Effect of Circuit Propagation Delay for Buck Converters With Constant On-Time Control

This paper explores the subharmonic oscillation mechanism for constant on-time control, which has been widely used for power supply controllers in industry. As well as analyzing the stability criterion, this research reveals that the circuit propagation delay (Δt) can significantly increase the demand of ESR· Co value for stable operation in practical applications. A thorough study is provided based on the inductor current information and the charge variations of the output capacitor. Thus, critical condition for subharmonic oscillation is derived, and the effect of circuit propagation delay is also quantified. Based on detailed analysis, a prototype with constant on-time control and added inductor current ramp is built. Experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
Weight change associated with the use of migraine-preventive medications

Background: Medications administered long term, such as those used for migraine prophylaxis, are often associated with weight change as a side effect. Such effects may compromise general health status, exacerbate coexisting medical conditions, and affect medication adherence. Weight gain should be of particular concern in patients with migraine, as there is evidence that overweight and obese patients with migraine are at risk for an increased frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Objective: This article reviews weight-change data from recent clinical studies of migraine-preventive medications in children, adolescents, and adults with migraine. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted for English-language articles published between January 1970 and November 2007. Among the search terms were migraine prevention, migraine prophylaxis, migraine treatment, antidepressant drug, β-adrenergic– receptor blockers, antiepileptic drug, anticonvulsant drug, weight gain, and weight loss. Studies that reported weight-change data (gain, loss, or neutral) were included. When available, double-blind, placebocontrolled studies were selected for review. Openlabel, retrospective or prospective trials may also have been included. Results: Most of the migraine-preventive medications classified by the United States Headache Consortium as group 1 based on the high level of evidence for their efficacy—for instance, amitriptyline, propranolol, and divalproex sodium—have been associated with varying degrees of weight gain. The exceptions are timolol, which is weight neutral, and topiramate, which is associated with weight loss. Among the drugs that have been associated with weight gain, a higher incidence of weight gain was observed with amitriptyline and divalproex sodium than with propranolol. Conclusion: Weight-change effects require careful consideration when selecting migraine-preventive medications, and weight should be monitored carefully over the course of any migraine treatment plan. (Clin Ther. 2008;30:1069–1080) © 2008 Excerpta
PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS (PI) IN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT (BMT) PATIENTS

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is characterized by accumulations of intramural gas along the gastrointestinal tract. Three patients developed PI after allogeneic BMT. A 6 yr old boy with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia received busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) prior to BMT from his HLA-identical sister. He developed acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) and was on prednisone. On day 63 post BMT he developed melena, and PI was noted on abdominal x-ray (AXR). Blood culture was positive for Hafnia alveoli and stool culture grew Candida krusei and Escherichia coli. An 8 yr old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia received BMT from his sister after CY and total body irradiation. He was treated for severe AGVHD with prednisone and cyclosporine. Abdominal tenderness and PI were noted 52 days post BMT; stools were positive for E. coli, rotavirus and adenovirus. A 4 yr old girl with severe aplastic anemia was treated with androgens, antilymphocyte globulin, and haploidentical parental marrow infusion. Eighteen mos post BMT she had abdominal pain and tenderness; AXR showed colonic PI. Blood and stool cultures were negative. All patients received systemic antibiotics and "nothing by mouth" for 10-14 days. PI resolved within 5-13 days after onset. PI may occur in the profoundly immunocompromised state after BMT; AGVHD and/or viral or bacterial pathogens may be contributory or complicating factors. With conservative therapy, PI has had a good outcome in these patients.
Hemodynamic studies during intermittent left bundle branch block

Abstract A patient with intermittent left bundle branch block and moderate aortic insufficiency, presumably due to rheumatic heart disease, is presented. At retrograde left heart catheterization, left bundle branch block recurred repeatedly and was always converted to normal conduction and left ventricular hypertrophy by administration of oxygen. Electrocardiograms, intracardiac pressures and indicator-dilution curves for cardiac output were recorded with both types of conduction. The following hemodynamic alterations consistently accompanied intermittent left bundle branch block: 1. 1. There was a significant fall in the systolic pressures in the left ventricle, central aorta and radial artery, a decreased stroke volume and an increased heart rate. These findings suggest that the force and intensity of left ventricular contraction and, consequently, systolic ejection are significantly decreased with the onset of delayed conduction. 2. 2. A prolonged phase of isometric contraction was the most important alteration in the time relationships of the hemodynamic events of ventricular contraction. This resulted in delay in onset and termination of systolic ejection, with a normal duration of the ejection phase. Isometric relaxation was also prolonged proportionately, but duration of diastole shortened as the cardiac rate increased. Prolonged isometric contraction of the left ventricle is probably responsible for the delayed closure of the aortic valve and paradoxic or fixed splitting of the second heart sound very often seen with left bundle branch block.
RF superconductivity for accelerators--Is it a hollow promise?

This review will attempt to offer a realistic and coherent overview of the failures and partial successes in harnessing rf superconductivity of niobium to particle acceleration. Work in materials, preparation processes, heat transfer, cavity structures and vacuum electronic phenomena are discussed and put in perspective. An attempt is made to draw lessons from these observations and to outline the tasks and opportunities for the future.
Increased strength, reaction time and speed of limb movement.

81 young male adults participated in a 6-wk. × 7 days a week myotatic and isometric strength training program. Associated with strength increments myotatic practice proved to be superior to the isometric program relative to improvement of movement time (MT) in the experimental leg and contralateral transfer to the control limb. As a result of isometric exercises reaction time (RT) was decreased and was transferred more effectively than in the myotatic group although there was a loss of speed of movement in both limbs following isometric training. Correlations between RT and MT with pretraining strength and strength increment scores showed a high degree of specificity of relationship of individual differences.
New conformal fixed points near the SU(N) WZW model for large N

Abstract New fixed points near the large NSU(N) WZW model for finite level k are found by adding a nearly marginal, relevant operator (the adjoint operator) to the WZW action. The central charges of the new fixed points as well as dimensions of some operators at the new fixed points are determined, and an identification with known conformal field theories is attempted. The OPE coefficients needed for these calculations are extracted from four point Green's functions in the SU(N) WZW model in the large N limit.
Intraoperative localization of thoracic spine level with preoperative percutaneous placement of intravertebral polymethylmethacrylate.

Objective To evaluate the safety and utility of preoperative vertebroplasty for intraoperative localization of thoracic spinal levels. Summary of background data Intraoperative fluoroscopy or plain radiographs are traditionally used to localize thoracic spine levels during thoracic spine operations. Unfortunately, such localization can occasionally be difficult in the midthoracic levels due to lack of landmarks, scapular shadows, and the body habitus of the morbidly obese. There are multiple techniques described in the literature that allow for preoperative localization of thoracic spinal levels during approaches to the posterior thoracic spine. For efficient and accurate intraoperative localization of thoracic spinal levels during anterior thoracic spine procedures, we describe a method that uses preoperative percutaneous placement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the vertebral body using standard vertebroplasty technique. Methods Four patients with morbid obesity and symptomatic thoracic disc herniations underwent preoperative vertebroplasty procedures using standard percutaneous techniques. The PMMA cement was used to expeditiously identify thoracic spinal levels of interest using intraoperative fluoroscopy. Results All 4 patients underwent successful vertebroplasty procedures without complications. The PMMA cement was easily identified intraoperatively and led to the correct identification of the thoracic spinal levels of interest. Conclusions Preoperative placement of PMMA into thoracic vertebral bodies using standard vertebroplasty technique provides a safe, efficient, and reliable method of localizing thoracic spine levels intraoperatively. Such procedures can be performed in the outpatient setting and can be associated with extremely low morbidity when done by experienced practitioners. This procedure should be reserved for patients in whom a surgeon anticipates difficulty using standard radiographs or fluoroscopy to localize thoracic spinal levels intraoperatively.
Cortactin Localization to Sites of Actin Assembly in Lamellipodia Requires Interactions with F-Actin and the Arp2/3 Complex

Cortactin is an actin-binding protein that is enriched within the lamellipodia of motile cells and in neuronal growth cones. Here, we report that cortactin is localized with the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex at sites of actin polymerization within the lamellipodia. Two distinct sequence motifs of cortactin contribute to its interaction with the cortical actin network: the fourth of six tandem repeats and the amino-terminal acidic region (NTA). Cortactin variants lacking either the fourth tandem repeat or the NTA failed to localize at the cell periphery. Tandem repeat four was necessary for cortactin to stably bind F-actin in vitro. The NTA region interacts directly with the Arp2/3 complex based on affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation assays, and binding assays using purified components. Cortactin variants containing the NTA region were inefficient at promoting Arp2/3 actin nucleation activity. These data provide strong evidence that cortactin is specifically localized to sites of dynamic cortical actin assembly via simultaneous interaction with F-actin and the Arp2/3 complex. Cortactin interacts via its Src homology 3 (SH3) domain with ZO-1 and the SHANK family of postsynaptic density 95/dlg/ZO-1 homology (PDZ) domain–containing proteins, suggesting that cortactin contributes to the spatial organization of sites of actin polymerization coupled to selected cell surface transmembrane receptor complexes.
Low platinum loading, lightweight PEM fuel cells

A significant improvement in hydrogen-air proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance has been achieved by the use of a pore-forming additive in the air electrode's active layer. The fuel cell was operated without significant loss of performance at atmospheric pressure and without humidification, through changes in the structure of the air electrode's substrate layer.
Characterization of lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors at rest and during exercise in ambulatory patients with chronic congestive heart failure

Abstract To investigate β-adrenergic receptor dysfunction in congestive heart failure (CHF), the density of lymphocyte β receptors and adenylate cyclase activity was measured at rest and at peak exercise in 30 patients with CHF and 7 age-matched control subjects. At rest, patients with CHF had reduced β-receptor density (normals 33 ± 2; CHF 21 ± 2 fmol/ mg protein; p
Photo detoxification of solubilized vat dye effluent using different pH ranges

The removal of solubilized vat dye effluent using photo detoxification method was studied at various pH ranges. Experiments were carried out with synthetic effluent using total dye concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 350 mg/L. In sunlight photo oxidation, the original soluble vat dye is precipitated and can be filtered and reused by the textile industries. The effect of the different concentrations (1,000, 2,000, 3,000 mg/L) of total dissolved solids on the removal of vat dye was also carried out in the photo detoxification process. The efficiency of the dye removal was found to be 99 %.
Hybrid-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo vasculature imaging

Recently developed optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), which is based on the detection of optical absorption contrast, is complementary to other optical microscopy modalities such as optical confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and multiphoton microscopy. A hybrid optical-mechanical scanning configuration increases the imaging speed of OR-PAM significantly, facilitating many demanding biomedical applications. With a high-pulse-repetition-rate laser, the hybrid-scanning OR-PAM can acquire one-dimensional depth-resolved images (A-lines) at 5 kHz and two-dimensional B-scan images containing 800 A-lines at 6.25 Hz. We demonstrated in vivo in a mouse three-dimensional imaging of the iris vasculature in 128 s for an 800x800x200 data set and of the ear vasculature in 256 s for an 800x1600x200 data set.
Weak bonding of Zn in an Al-based approximant based on surface measurements

We have studied two surfaces of a new Al–Pd–Zn approximant using mass spectrometry, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Zn is bonded weakly in this approximant, perhaps as weakly as in elemental Zn. This is based upon three observations: (1) the low vapor pressure of Zn above the approximant (detectable in the gas phase at 600 K), (2) preferential sputtering of Zn (contrary to the usual preferential sputtering of Al in Al-rich quasicrystals), and (3) preferential surface segregation of Zn. We further show that preferential segregation – and perhaps incipient evaporation – causes the surface to roughen, preventing it from forming a terrace-step morphology. Finally, our data show that at low O2 pressures, Al oxidizes. In air, Zn oxidizes as well. All results and conclusions are similar for the two-fold and pseudo-10-fold surfaces.
Development of a Form to Survey Student Reactions on Instructional Effectiveness of Lifetime Sports Classes

Abstract A form for student evaluation of instructional effectiveness was developed and evaluated. The form included two sections: (1) an 18-item section designed to evaluate each of six dimensions of instruction, and (2) an 8-item section designed to assess course outcomes. Analysis of 1382 completed forms from 66 sections of 25 different types of lifetime sports classes demonstrated: (1) alpha coefficients of five of the six scales representing the dimensions of instruction ranged from .68 to .83; (2) ratings on instructional methods were predictive of satisfaction with the instructor and course, but none were predictive of progress toward course objectives (participation, competence and attitude); and (3) enthusiasm for the subject matter, and sensitivity to class progress were most predictive of course outcomes. Followup questionnaires from students who had been enrolled in highly rated classes yielded significantly higher scores on participation and teaching activity levels as well as satisfaction wi...
Dispersion of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility in n − I n S b

Using a C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser, we have observed the dispersive behavior of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}(\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1},\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2})$, in $n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{b}$ in a magnetic field. The resonances occur when the difference frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ is near the cyclotron frequency, or twice the cyclotron frequency. A connection is drawn between the dispersion of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ and the spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering from Landau levels. A simple semiclassical theory shows the correct polarization properties and resonance behavior of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ and is qualitatively in agreement with experiment.
A role for glutathione as an endogenous inhibitor of the nonenzymatic decarboxylation of DOPA.

Abstract The aromatic l -amino acid (DOPA) is an important precursor in the formation of neurotransmitter substances (1) and of melanin (2). In both reactions, decarboxylation of DOPA is involved. Decarboxylation can occur enzymatically (3) or nonenzymatically (4,5). In most tissues nonenzymatic decarboxylation is inhibited by the presence of an unidentified endogenous inhibitor (6,7,8). In this study we have identified glutathione as a potential endogenous inhibitor of the nonenzymatic decarboxylation reaction.
Differential incorporation of tritiated proline and leucine by neurons of the dorsal column nuclei in the cat.

Abstract [ 3 H]Proline and [ 3 H]leucine were injected under a variety of experimental conditions into the dorsal column nuclei of cats in an attempt to define the circumstances that lead to a differential incorporation of these amino acids by small and large neurons 4 . Although both large and small cells were labeled by both [ 3 H]leucine and [ 3 H]proline, it was found that cells approximately 13–30 μm in diameter were much more heavily labeled by [ 3 H]leucine than by [ 3 H]proline. Conversely, smaller cells appeared to incorporate relatively more proline than leucine. The medial lemniscus and ventrobasal complex were more heavily labeled by axoplasmically transported material after a leucine injection than after a comparable proline injection, whereas the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus were equally labeled. The differential incorporation pattern was unaffected by the position of the tagged hydrogens of the proline molecule, the volume, pH or salinity of the solution injected, the rate at which it was injected, the method by which the brains were embedded and cut, the thickness of the sections, the storage age of the amino acids, and the anesthetic used. Three variables affected the differential labeling pattern. (1) At very short survival times, small as well as large cells were heavily labeled by [ 3 H]leucine. As survival time increased beyond 6 h, there was an apparent decrease in small cell labeling by [ 3 H]leucine but not by [ 3 H]proline. This result indicates that small cells probably take up or incorporates less leucine than proline and that the macromolecules containing leucine are then rapidly cleared from the cells. (2) As the amount of [ 3 H]- proline injected was increased, the large cells at the injection site were still much less heavily labeled than small cells. Despite this result the density and extent of labeled material appearing in the ventrobasal complex increased. Since the absolute number of labeled large as well as small cells increased under all of these circumstances, it was not possible to determine which of the cell types transported the additional labeled material. (3) If the injection damaged the neuropil or somata, large cells in the vicinity of this damage were heavily labeled by [ 3 H]proline as well as by [ 3 H]leucine.
Physical Property Effects on Drying of Chile Peppers

Understanding effects of pepper fruit physical properties on pepper drying allows for improvement in postharvest handling and processing plus development of better cultivars. Drying tests with jalapeno peppers demonstrated that while dimensions of pepper fruits were decreasing with progressive harvests there was essentially no difference in the drying trends of peppers from the first harvest to the last. Slicing produced a similar drying trend for cultivars distinctly different in physical properties. Speed in drying peppers averaging 89.4% moisture to the 10–11% (w.b.) safe storage level was promoted by slicing as well as drying temperatures as high as 115oC.
Posterior vermal split syndrome

We have studied a battery of movements in 5 children (age, 6-15 years) after transection of the posterior inferior cerebellar vermis. In each case, the surgery destroyed the midline vermis only (ranging from lobules VI-X). Tandem gait was badly impaired in all subjects. No subjects had impairments of kicking, reaching, pinching, or speech. Regular gait, standing, and hopping on one leg were relatively unimpaired. Cutting the parallel fibers that cross the midline may be the critical variable causing incoordination in tandem gait.
Experiences with the muMath symbolic math program

About 20 Years ago, I had the opportunity to see a real computer, an IBM 709. When I asked whether it could do Calculus, I was told that a digital computer could do numerical differentiation and integration, but that symbolic manipulation of the function definition was inherently outside the domain of the computer.
Microstructure of epitaxial VO2 thin films deposited on (1120) sapphire by MOCVD

Epitaxial VO2 thin films grown on (1120) sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrates by MOCVD at 600 °C have been characterized by conventional electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Three different epitaxial relationships between the monoclinic VO2 films and sapphire substrates have been found at room temperature: I. (200) [010] monoclinic VO2 ‖ (1120) [0001] sapphire, II. (002) [010] monoclinic VO2 ‖ (1120) [0003] sapphire, and III. (020) [102] monoclinic VO2 ‖ (1120) [0001] sapphire. Expitaxial relationships II and III are equivalent to each other when the film possesses tetragonal structure at the deposition temperature; i.e., they can be described as (010) [100] tetragonal VO2 ‖ (1120) [0001] sapphire and (100) [010] tetragonal VO2 ‖ (1120) [0001] sapphire. HREM image shows that the initial nucleation of the film was dominated by the first orientation relationship, but the film then grew into the grains of the second and the third (equivalent to each other at the deposition temperature) epitaxial relationships. Successive 90°transformation rotational twins around the a-axis are commonly observed in the monoclinic films.
Multiphoton ionization and fragmentation mechanism of CS2

Abstract Mechanisms underlying the multiphoton ionization and fragmentation of CS 2 at 266 nm and 193 nm are determined from studies of ion signal intensity as functions of laser intensity and reagent pressure. At 266 nm fragments are from highly excited states prepared by absorption of at least four photons. Atl93 nm the mechanism has changed.The one-photon state, CS 2 (A 1 B 2 ), predissociates into CS and S instead of absorbing one additional photon to form the molecular ion. The neutral CS and S fragments undergo multiphoton ionization and subsequent ion-molecule reactions produce CS+ 2 + and S 2 + .
Studies in steroid metabolism. XIII. Factors influencing the gas-chromatographic stability of steroids.

Abstract Investigation of the effects of stationary-phase concentration in relation to thermal stability of steroids during gas chromatography suggests that thermal degradation is a unimolecular vapor-phase reaction. Thermal stabilization for some compounds may be achieved by increasing the amount of the column coating. Degradation of steroids was shown to be independent of column length, temperature and particles size of the solid support within the limits studied.
Density Functional Investigation of the Antiferromagnetic Ordering, Spin Orientation, and Ferroelectric Polarization of Rare-Earth Iron Borate TbFe3(BO3)4

First-principles density functional calculations were carried out to examine the electronic and magnetic properties of rare-earth iron borate TbFe3(BO3)4. The spin exchange interactions between the Fe3+ (d5, S = 5/2) ions and the preferred orientation of the Tb3+ (f8) spins were evaluated, and the ferroelectric polarization of TbFe3(BO3)4 was calculated. In agreement with experiment, our calculations predict that the spin exchange between the Fe3+ spins is ferromagnetic within each //ab sheet of Fe3+ ions but antiferromagnetic between adjacent //ab sheets of Fe3+ ions, whereas the spin exchange between the Fe3+ and Tb3+ ions within each //ab sheet of Fe3+ and Tb3+ ions is antiferromagnetic. The Tb3+ (f8) ions is found to possess an electron configuration responsible for uniaxial magnetism, hence orienting the Tb3+ spins along the c-direction and leading to the highly anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. The ferroelectric polarization of TbFe3(BO3)4 is largely due to the absence of inversion symmetry of th...
Prohibiting Plunder: How Norms Change. By Wayne Sandholtz. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 352p. $70.00.International Norms and Cycles of Change. By Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. 432p. $85.00.

Sandholtz, Wayne. (2007). Prohibiting plunder: how norms change. New York: Oxford University Press
Study of Hot Embossing Behavior and Comparison at Normalized Temperatures of PolyCarbonate , PolyMethylMethAcrylate and Poly L-Lactic Acid

Hot embossing microreplication microfabrication (HEMM) process is one of the methods used for the fabrication of polymer based microdevices. The molds used for hot embossing have been fabricated using a Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication (FLM) system. Embossing experiments are performed on three polymers; Poly Carbonate (PC), PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA), and Poly L-Lactic Acid (PLLA). These polymers have different glass transition and melting temperatures leading to different embossing process parameters. Normalization of embossing temperatures is performed to assess the HEMM process performance as a function of a normalized quantity that considers the glass transition, melting and embossing temperatures of a polymer. The performance comparison is based on evaluating the flow rate or measuring the height of an embossed feature for a given applied embossing pressure and holding time.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
XRF analysis of trace titanium in coal using fundamental parameters

The analysis of various elements in coal has become important as coal utilization increases. The application of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to this type of analysis is complicated by matrix-correction needs and lack of matrix-matched standards. The application of fundamental parameter mathematical corrections using easily obtainable doped graphite standards is evaluated.
Wealth, income, and consumption in a developing economy

Abstract This paper examines the scope and application of the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) in a new way. The authors have computed data on the nonhuman wealth of India for 26 years. Varying parameter regressions are applied to calculate values of permanent income, permanent consumption, transitory income and transitory consumption directly from the wealth data. The proportionality aspect of the PIH as well as its basic assumptions regarding the zero correlation between the permanent and the transitory elements of income, between the permanent and transitory elements of consumption and between the transitory elements of income and consumption are tested. The results of this paper are broadly consistent with the PIH.
Influence of uvrB and pKM101 on the spectrum of spontaneous, UV- and γ-ray-induced base substitutions that revert hisG46 in Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Oligonucleotide probes were used to identify base substitutions in 1089 revertants of hisG46 in Salmonella typhimurium that arose spontaneously or following irradiation with UV- or γ-rays. The hisG46 allele, carrying a mutant CCC codon (Pro) in place of the wild-type codon CTC (Leu69) reverted via 6 distinguishable mutational events — C to T transitions at codon sites 1 or 2, C to A or C to G transversions at codon site 1, C to A at codon site 2, and an extragenic suppressor mutation. The distribution of hisG46 revertants differed among treatments and was influenced by the DNA-repair capacity of the bacteria. Plasmid pKM101 enhanced the frequencies of both spontaneous and induced mutations; transversion events were enhanced more efficiently by pKM101 than were transition events. Compared to Uvr+ bacteria, Uvr− bacteria had higher frequencies of spontaneous and induced mutations; transition mutations were enhanced more efficiently than were transversion mutations. The influence of DNA-repair activities on the mutational spectra provides some insights on the origins of spontaneous and UV-induced mutations.
The Selenium Problem in Lentic Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Selenium, an essential trace element, exists in elevated concentrations in several aquatic systems and is apparently responsible for mortality, teratogenesis, reduced reproduction, and decreased populations observed in fish and waterfowl communities. Adverse impacts associated with increasing selenium levels are derived largely from anthropogenic mobilization of selenium in the environment. This paper reviews briefly selenium in aquatic ecosystems, discussing selenium chemistry, cycling, known biological impacts, toxicology, and several potential solutions to the selenium problem. Awareness and understanding of selenium dynamics in aquatic systems is necessary to avoid future problems and manage present ones.
Continuous measurement of 14C-labeled carbon dioxide and lactic acid by cultured cells grown in Leighton tubes

Abstract A procedure for continuous measurement of 14 CO 2 production by cultured cells grown in Leighton tubes has been described. The apparatus developed also permits aliquots of the incubation medium to be taken during the experiments for analysis of labeled metabolites released into the solution. A simple method for determination of [ 14 C]lactic acid in such aliquots has been described. The reproducibility and usefulness of the apparatus has been demonstrated by incubating fibroblasts with glucose labeled in the C-1 or C-6 position, and examining the effects of selected drugs on CO 2 and lactic acid production.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology in lesions related to ornamental body procedures (skin tattooing, intraoral piercing) and recreational use of drugs (intranasal route).

Body adornment through tattooing and body piercing and the use of recreational drugs are on the increase, producing a variety of secondary lesions, the etiology of which often remains undetected, as the medical community is not yet aware of the extent of the morbidity of such procedures and practices. Three cases are presented, which underscore the problem and also the role that fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can play in clarifying the etiology of such lesions. Two of these cases were lymphadenopathies, one secondary to tattooing and the other to tongue piercing, while the third was a deep intranasal lesion, which in all probability had resulted from intranasal use of recreational drugs. Although the clinical diagnosis of these lesions was problematic, the FNA performed by a pathologist, by associating the cytologic findings with the corresponding clinical setting, was quite indicative of their relation to the aforementioned procedures or practices.
Dietary Fat in Milk or Milk Replacers for Dairy Calves Raised in Hutches During the Winter

Abstract Forty daily calves born duringDecember through April were used to determinethe effect of feeding supplemental energyas dietary fat in liquid diets on weightgains and physiological response ofcalves raised in outside hutches duringthe winter. Dietary treatments were 1)whole milk, 2) whole milk plus 113g/dfat supplement, 3) milk replacer, and 4)milk replacer plus 113g/d fatsupplement. Liquid diets were fed at 9% ofbody weight (adjusted weekly) during the4-wk trial. Calf starter was fed for adlibitum intake beginning on d 21 of trial.Growth and physiological characteristicsof calves were recorded at d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Weight gains were greater forcalves fed supplemental fat in liquid diets(d 3 to d 28). Average daily gain forcalves fed whole milk, whole milk plusfat, milk replacer, and milk replacer plusfat were 98, 154, 120, and 187g/d.Starter consumption was similar for alltreatment groups. Addition of 113g/d offat supplement during the trial resulted ina 20.6 and 39.8% increase in estimatedtotal digestible energy consumed in thewhole milk and milk replacer diets, respectively. The benefits of fatsupplementation to whole milk or milk replacerdiets was manifested as increased bodyweight gain during the dairy calves 1stmo of life.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE-INDUCED RELAXATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIES IS NOT VIA MODULATION OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM. † 2098

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) induces relaxation of pulmonary vessels but the mechanism of action is still unknown. To explore possible mechanisms of action of MgSO4 in pulmonary vessels, we studied isolated third and fourth generation pulmonary arteries (PA) from newborn rabbits (3-4 weeks old). PA rings were suspended in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs solution (95% O2, 5% CO2, 37°C) and their isometric tension recorded. Contraction was induced with 3×10-9M endothelin-1 and relaxation with increasing concentrations of MgSO4 (1.2 to 8 × 10-3 M). The effect of indomethacin, N-nitro-L-arginine and thapsigargin and ryanodine, two modulators of intracellular calcium stores, on MgSO4 relaxation was tested. MgSO4 (2 to 8 × 10-3 M) induced progressive relaxation of PA (4±2 to 48±3%) in a dose dependent manner. Maximal relaxation induced by MgSO4 was not affected by indomethacin or N-nitro-L-arginine, suggesting that the relaxant effect of magnesium on pulmonary arteries is not mediated through the cyclooxygenase pathway nor the endothelium. Magnesium-induced relaxation was also not affected by thapsigargin and ryanodine, which inhibit the release of calcium from intracellular stores, suggesting that increased magnesium does not induce relaxation through modulation of intracellular calcium.
Model of adoption and technology in households: a baseline model test and extension incorporating household life cycle

Individual adoption of technology has been studied extensively in the workplace. Far less attention has been paid to adoption of technology in the household. In this paper, we performed the first quantitative test of the recently developed model of adoption of technology in households (MATH). Further, we proposed and tested a theoretical extension of MATH by arguing that key demographic characteristics that vary across different life cycle stages would play moderating roles. Survey responses were collected from 746 U.S. households that had not yet adopted a personal computer. The results showed that the integrated model, including MATH constructs and life cycle characteristics, explained 74 percent of the variance in intention to adopt a PC for home use, a significant increase over baseline MATH that explained 50 percent of the variance. Finally, we compared the importance of various factors across household life cycle stages and gained a more refined understanding of the moderating role of household life cycle stage.
How environment supports a state: molecular dynamics simulations of two states in bacteriorhodopsin suggest lipid and water compensation.

The light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a transmembrane protein that uses large conformational changes for proton transfer from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular regions. Crystal structures, due to their solvent conditions, do not resolve the effect of lipid molecules on these protein conformational changes. To begin to understand the molecular details behind such large conformational changes, we simulated two conformations of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin, one of the dark-adapted state and the second of an intermediate (MO) state, each within an explicit dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer. The simulations included all-hydrogen and all-atom representations of protein, lipid, and water and were performed for 20 ns. We investigate the equilibrium properties and the dynamic motions of the two conformations in the lipid setting. We note that the conformational state of the MO intermediate bR remains markedly different from the dark-adapted bR state in that the MO intermediate shows rearrangement of the cytoplasmic portions of helices C, F, and G, and nearby loops. This difference in the states remained throughout the simulations, and the results are stable on the molecular dynamics timescale and provide an illustration of the changes in both lipid and water that help to stabilize a particular state. Our analysis focuses on how the environment adjusts to these two states and on how the dynamics of the helices, loops, and water molecules can be related to the pump mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin. For example, water generally behaves in the same manner on the extracellular sides of both simulations but is decreased in the cytoplasmic region of the MO intermediate. We suspect that the different water behavior is closely related to the fluctuations of microcavities volume in the protein interior, which is strongly coupled to the collective motion of the protein. Our simulation result suggests that experimental observation can be useful to verify a decreased number of waters in the cytoplasmic regions of the late-intermediate stages by measuring the rate of water exchange with the interior of the protein.
Automatic DEM generation using Magellan stereo data

The Magellan radar instrument collected a large volume of radar stereo images during its two years of operation. In order to make full use of these data an automatic means of generating digital elevation models is required. Because of Magellan's unique orbital geometry and radar image formation algorithm a number of modifications to the standard stereo processing scheme are required. This paper outlines a stereo algorithm suitable for Magellan data. >
A Machine Learning Approach to Resolving Incongruence in Molecular Phylogenies and Visualization Analysis

The incongruence between gene trees and species trees is one of the most pervasive challenges in molecular phylogenetics. In this work, a machine learning approach is proposed to overcome this problem. In the machine learning approach, the gene data set is clustered by a self-organizing map (SOM). Then a phylogenetically informative core gene set is created by combining the maximum entropy gene from each cluster to conduct phylogenetic analysis. Using the same data set, this approach performs better than the previous random gene concatenation method. The SOM based information visualization is also employed to compare the species patterns in the phylogenetic tree constructions.
Same-Day Versus Next-Day Repair of Fovea-Threatening Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments.

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the outcomes of same-day versus next-day repair of fovea-threatening rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (FT RRD). Design: Retrospective, multi-surgeon observational case series. Methods: Operative reports and medical records were reviewed to evaluate a number of visual and anatomic outcomes, including presenting features, intraoperative complications, and postoperative results in the repair of primary FT RRD undergoing same-day versus next-day repair with scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, or both procedures. Participants: A total of 96 consecutive patients (43 same-day, 45 next-day, and eight two days later) were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in visual outcomes between same-day and next-day repair at postoperative months 3 and 6 and at last follow-up (month 3 mean BCVA 20/30 same day; 20/32 next day; p = 0.82). Preoperative vision was strongly correlated with postoperative acuity. Effect of differences in length or type of visual s...
A Monte Carlo model of light propagation in tissue

The Monte Carlo method is rapidly becoming the model of choice for simulating light transport in tissue. This paper provides all the details necessary for implementation of a Monte Carlo program. Variance reduction schemes that improve the eciency of the Monte Carlo method are discussed. Analytic expressions facilitating convolution calculations for finite flat and Gaussian beams are included. Useful validation benchmarks are presented.
The Interaction of Race and Gender: Changing Gender‐Role Attitudes, 1974–2006*

Objective. The purpose of this article is to assess over-time trends in the interactive effects of gender and race on attitudes toward the changing roles of women in U.S. society. Methods. This article uses data from the 1974–2006 General Social Survey. Gender-role attitudes are measured using two composite indices of traditionalism. Results. We find black females tend to hold less traditional gender-role attitudes than their black male, white male, and white female counterparts. Black and white males tend to hold similar attitudes toward women entering politics, but differ significantly in their attitudes toward women working outside the home and its impact on children. Assessing over-time trends, we find the difference between black females and the other social groups to be generally diminishing. This convergence is more pronounced for white and black females. The difference in attitudes toward women entering politics between black females and white males, on the other hand, appears to be maintaining over time. Conclusions. These findings support the idea that the labor force participation for women may have provided the groundwork for the evolution of attitudes for men and women. As white women in particular increase participation in the workforce, ideologies regarding the place of women in U.S. society have shifted.
Planar High-Q Microresonators for Chip-Scale Integrated Silicon Photonics

In this paper we present fabrication and characterization of high Q microdisk resonators on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. We also present the planar integration of the input/output coupling waveguides with the microdisk resonator. The effect of substrate leakage loss is evaluated by comparing the performance of resonator-on-substrate versus undercut type resonators. Detailed measurements of Q and nonlinear response using lock-in technique with amplitude and phase response for both resonator structures is presented
Belief propagation distributed estimation in sensor networks: An optimized energy accuracy tradeoff

The estimation error performance of Gaussian belief propagation based distributed estimation in a large sensor network employing random sleep strategies is explicitly evaluated for a simple model using density evolution analysis. Both regular sleep strategies, in which the number of nodes awake at any time instant is fixed, as well as irregular sleep strategies, in which the number of awake nodes may vary, are analyzed. The calculated estimation error is used to study the tradeoff between estimation accuracy and energy consumption, as well as to dictate the optimal parameters for the random sleep strategy.