cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do artificial nectar feeders affect bat–plant interactions in an Ecuadorian cloud forest?

Plant–pollinator interactions are critical to ecosystems. However, when artificial nectar feeders are available in an area, they could draw pollinators away from plants. We tested the effects of artificial nectar feeders in an Ecuadorian cloud forest on four aspects of bat–plant interactions: (1) bat relative abundance; (2) bat pollen loads; (3) flower visitation rates, and (4) breeding success of a bat-pollinated species (Burmeistera glabrata). We divided the study site into areas close to (~30 m) and far from (~500 m) three different feeder sites. At each distance, we captured nectar bats (Anoura caudifer, Anoura cultrata, and Lonchophylla robusta) to estimate their relative abundance and to collect pollen from fur and fecal samples. We also videotaped flowers to estimate bat visitation rates and recorded different breeding success variables of B. glabrata. We found that areas close to feeders have higher relative bat abundance by a factor of 40. In spite of this, the presence of feeders did not affect bat pollen loads, nor the flower visitation rates and breeding success of B. glabrata. Interestingly, there were differences in pollen loads between the three bat species, in that L. robusta individuals rarely carried pollen and were only captured near feeders.
A neurologist and ataxia: using eye movements to learn about the cerebellum.

The cerebellum, its normal functions and its diseases, and especially its relation to the control of eye movements, has been at the heart of my academic career. Here I review how this came about, with an emphasis on epiphanies, “tipping points” and the influences of mentors, colleagues and trainees. I set a path for young academicians, both clinicians and basic scientists, with some guidelines for developing a productive and rewarding career in neuroscience.
Parental Depressive Symptoms as a Predictor of Outcome in the Treatment of Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Child internalizing and externalizing problems have been identified as high priority intervention targets by the World Health Organization. Parental depression is a risk factor for development of these childhood problems and may negatively influence intervention outcomes; however, studies have rarely assessed its influence on these outcomes. The present study assessed whether baseline parental depressive symptoms predicted psychotherapy outcomes among children treated for clinically significant internalizing and externalizing problems. The sample included 142 children (79 with primary internalizing problems, 63 with primary externalizing problems). Children were aged 7–13, 67.6% boys, and race included Caucasian (46.5%), African-American (9.9%), Latino (5.6%), Asian (1.4%), and multi-racial (32.4%). Analyses focused on child- and parent-reported weekly trajectories of change and post-treatment symptoms among children treated for internalizing and externalizing problems whose parents did (N = 28 and 25) and did not (N = 51 and 38) have elevated depressive symptoms. For children with internalizing problems, growth curve analyses showed markedly different trajectories, by child- and parent-report: children with less depressed parents showed significantly steeper symptom declines than did children with more depressed parents, who showed an increase in symptoms. ANCOVAs showed marginally lower post-treatment symptoms for children of less depressed versus more depressed parents (p = 0.064 by child-report). For children with externalizing problems, growth curve analyses showed trajectories in the opposite direction, by child- and parent-report; however, ANCOVAs showed no group differences at post-treatment. These findings suggest that it may be important to consider the impact of parental depressive symptoms when treating child internalizing and externalizing problems.
Effects of arginine vasopressin on cerebral microvascular pressure

The goal of this study was to examine effects of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin on cerebral microvascular pressure and segmental vascular resistance. We measured pressure (servo-null) in pial arteries that were approximately 200 micron in diameter and cerebral blood flow (microspheres) in anesthetized cats, and we calculated resistance of large and small cerebral vessels. Resistance of large arteries (greater than 200 micron diam) was approximately 45% of total cerebral vascular resistance under control conditions. Vasopressin (40 mU/kg iv) decreased resistance of large arteries by 22 +/- 7%, increased pial artery pressure by 10 +/- 2 mmHg when aortic pressure was maintained at control levels, and increased small vessel resistance by 27 +/- 11%. This increase in small vessel resistance apparently was an autoregulatory response to the increase in pial pressure. Cerebral blood flow was not changed (38 +/- 4 vs. 37 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 g-1). Intravenous infusion of angiotensin (2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) increased large artery resistance by 32 +/- 6%, decreased pial artery pressure 6 +/- 3 mmHg with aortic pressure maintained constant, and decreased cerebral blood flow by 12 +/- 1%. Thus circulating vasopressin, at concentrations similar to those observed during hemorrhage, selectively dilates large cerebral arteries and increases microvascular pressure without changes in cerebral blood flow. In contrast to vasopressin, angiotensin selectively increases resistance of large cerebral arteries and decreases cerebral microvascular pressure. Thus vasopressin and angiotensin, at doses that have minimal effects on cerebral blood flow, may play an important role in regulation of cerebral microvascular pressure.
Manganese neurotoxicity: a mechanistic hypothesis.

This review provides a summary of the presentations and abstracts presented at the 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference which may contribute to an understanding of the mechanism and pathogenesis of manganese (Mn2+) neurotoxicity. We propose that an understanding of the pathogenesis of Mn2+ neurotoxicity must incorporate data on (1) the factors controlling Mn2+ uptake and distribution within the CNS, (2) account for the apparent selectivity of dopaminergic neurons, (3) analyze the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and (4) provide data to support or refute the role of oxidative injury in the genesis of toxicity. We propose a multifactor hypothesis coupling Mn2+ uptake with coincident transport of aluminum and iron. Selectivity of dopaminergic neurons is dependent upon interactions of Mn2+ with dopamine transport and the role of Mn2+ as a pro-oxidative toxicant in conjunction with changes in iron concentration. Within the synaptic milieu, Mn(2+)-mitochondrial interaction will influence mitochondrial--Ca2+ transport kinetics leading to defective mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Under the influence of excessive depolarization, energy failure will occur leading to secondary activation of an excitotoxic state. These conceptual ideas provide for mechanistic based hypotheses and testing and are likely to lead to rational therapeutic avenues directed against Mn2+ neurotoxicity. Language: en
Effects of chelator lipids, paramagnetic metal ions and trehalose on liposomes by solid-state NMR.

Abstract The effects of various lipid bound paramagnetic metal ions on liposomes prepared in the presence of trehalose and chelator lipids are evaluated to observe site-specific signal changes on liposome samples with optimal resolution in solid-state NMR spectroscopy. We found that Mn2+, Gd3+ and Dy3+ have different influences on the lipid 13C sites depending on their penetration depths into the bilayer, which can be extracted as distance information. The trehalose-liposome mixture is efficiently packed into solid-state NMR rotors and provides optimal resolution at reasonable instrument temperatures (10–50 °C). The effectiveness and convenience of the trehalose preparation for studying a membrane protein in liposomes are demonstrated by a membrane sample with a model membrane peptide to show that trehalose is useful to prepare consistent and stable membrane protein liposome samples for solid-state NMR.
Particle flux parameterizations: Quantitative and mechanistic similarities and differences

The depth-attenuation of sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) is of particular importance for the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle. Numerous idealized flux-versus-depth relationships are available to parameterize this process in Earth System Models. Here we show that these relationships are statistically indistinguishable from available POC flux profile data. Despite their quantitative similarity, we also show these relationships have very different implications for the flux leaving the upper ocean, as well as for the mechanisms governing POC flux. We discuss how this tension might be addressed both observationally and in modeling studies.
Abstract 364: Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High Fat/high Fructose Diet in C57bl/6 Mice Impaired Cardiac Remodeling During Pregnancy

Rationale: Due to the change of life style in the past decades, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity in women of childbearing age has been increased. Evidences have shown that com...
A computational knowledge engine for human neuroscience

Functional neuroimaging has been a mainstay of human neuroscience for the past 25 years. The goal for this research has largely been to understand how activity across brain structures relates to mental constructs and computations. However, interpretation of fMRI data has often occurred within knowledge frameworks crafted by experts, which have the potential to reify historical trends and amplify the subjective biases that limit the replicability of findings. 1 In other words, we lack a comprehensive data-driven ontology for structure-function mapping in the human brain, through which we can also test the explanatory value of current dominant conceptual frameworks. Ontologies in other fields are popular tools for automated data synthesis,2, 3 yet relatively few attempts have been made to engineer ontologies in a data-driven manner.4 Here, we employ a computational approach to derive a data-driven ontology for neurobiological domains that synthesizes the texts and data of nearly 20,000 human neuroimaging articles. The data-driven ontology includes 6 domains, each defined by a circuit of brain structures and its associated mental functions. Several of these domains are omitted from the leading framework in neuroscience, while others uncover novel combinations of mental functions related to common brain circuitry. Crucially, the structure-function links in each domain better replicate across articles in held-out data than those mapped from the dominant frameworks in neuroscience and psychiatry. We further show that the data-driven ontology partitions the literature into modular subfields, for which the domains serve as generalizable archetypes of the structure-function patterns observed in single articles. The approach to computational ontology we present here is the most comprehensive functional characterization of human brain circuits quantifiable with fMRI. Moreover, our methods can be extended to synthesize other scientific literatures, yielding ontologies that are built up from the data of the field.
XL-Editor: Post-editing Sentences with XLNet.

While neural sequence generation models achieve initial success for many NLP applications, the canonical decoding procedure with left-to-right generation order (i.e., autoregressive) in one-pass can not reflect the true nature of human revising a sentence to obtain a refined result. In this work, we propose XL-Editor, a novel training framework that enables state-of-the-art generalized autoregressive pretraining methods, XLNet specifically, to revise a given sentence by the variable-length insertion probability. Concretely, XL-Editor can (1) estimate the probability of inserting a variable-length sequence into a specific position of a given sentence; (2) execute post-editing operations such as insertion, deletion, and replacement based on the estimated variable-length insertion probability; (3) complement existing sequence-to-sequence models to refine the generated sequences. Empirically, we first demonstrate better post-editing capabilities of XL-Editor over XLNet on the text insertion and deletion tasks, which validates the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Furthermore, we extend XL-Editor to the unpaired text style transfer task, where transferring the target style onto a given sentence can be naturally viewed as post-editing the sentence into the target style. XL-Editor achieves significant improvement in style transfer accuracy and also maintains coherent semantic of the original sentence, showing the broad applicability of our method.
Evidence for a Physiological Mitochondrial Angiotensin II System in the Kidney Proximal Tubules: Novel Roles of Mitochondrial Ang II/AT 1a/O 2- and Ang II/AT 2/NO Signaling

The present study tested the hypotheses that overexpression of an intracellular Ang II (angiotensin II) fusion protein, mito-ECFP/Ang II, selectively in the mitochondria of mouse proximal tubule ce...
Abstract IA26: Understanding the impact of COVID in cancer patients through the COVID-19 and Cancer (CCC-19) and other COVID consortiums

SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting disease, COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic with broad impact on the delivery of medical care. Cancer patients may be especially vulnerable to both infection and adverse outcomes from COVID due to a number of factors including advanced age, immunosuppression from disease and/or anticancer therapy, and heightened interaction with the medical system. Several cohort studies have been launched to more fully understand risk factors for death and other adverse outcomes in patients with active or remote cancer. CCC-19 is a cohort study involving more than 100 institutions that enter data into a REDCaP database regarding patient demographics, cancer type and treatment details, and outcome of COVID infection. All patients have documented SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and/or clinical symptoms consistent with COVID, in addition to an ongoing or past history of invasive malignancy. The initial analysis of this cohort study (n=928; Kuderer et al., Lancet 2020) demonstrated a 13% mortality rate and revealed several factors associated with an increased mortality including advanced age, male gender, greater number of comorbidities, worse ECOG performance status, and progressive cancer. Recent cancer surgery and receipt of cytotoxic or other systemic anticancer therapy was not associated with worse outcome, although small patient numbers in some subsets precluded definitive conclusions. At present, there are approximately 3,000 patients entered into this database and updated analyses will be presented. In addition to this effort, a number of other societies have created similar databases including ASH, ASCO, and ESMO. These complementary efforts will allow a global assessment of the impact of COVID on cancer patients including mortality and adverse outcomes in addition to cancer-specific outcomes. Last, the NCI COVID-19 in Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS) is a prospective study in patients with active cancer and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. This 2,000-patient study is open to accrual and will prospectively define both the impact of COVID on cancer and also cancer status and treatment on COVID outcome. In addition, biospecimen collection in this study will examine genetic predisposition, cytokine and coagulopathic parameters, and serologic outcomes. Collectively, these retrospective and prospective efforts will enable a more granular understanding of COVID in cancer patients to enable both appropriate cancer care delivery and improvement in outcomes in cancer patients with COVID infection. Citation Format: Brian I. Rini, (on behalf of the CCC-19 Consortium). Understanding the impact of COVID in cancer patients through the COVID-19 and Cancer (CCC-19) and other COVID consortiums [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
INCIDENCE AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI IN FOODS1

A total of 109 food products were surveyed for the incidence of beta-hemolytic streptococci. The organisms were isolated and enumerated using a pre-enrichment–Most Probable Number technique. Eighty seven isolates were obtained from 18 of 53 meat and fish products. No beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from the remainder of the samples which included vegetables, dairy products, dehydrated foods, and miscellaneous food items. Serological and biochemical procedures indicated 73 isolates belonged to groups C, D, F, B, L, A, and G, in order of frequency. Fourteen isolates remained ungrouped. The quantity of these organisms, as determined by the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, ranged from 91 to >24,000 per 100 g of sample.
Associations Between Maternal Community Deprivation and Infant DNA Methylation of the SLC6A4 Gene

Introduction: Poverty is negatively associated with health and developmental outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) has been proposed as a mechanism that underlies the association between adversity experienced by mothers in poverty and health and developmental outcomes in their offspring. Previous studies have identified associations between individual-level measures of stress and adversity experienced by a mother during pregnancy and infant DNAm. We hypothesized that independent of individual stresses, a mother's community-level deprivation while she is pregnant may also be associated with DNAm among the genes of her offspring that are related to stress response and/or development. Methods: Pregnant mothers (N = 53) completed assessments that measured stress, adversity, and mental health. To evaluate community-level deprivation, mothers' addresses were linked to census-level socioeconomic measures including a composite index of deprivation that combines multiple community-level indicators such as income and highest level of education received. Infant buccal cells were collected at about age 4 weeks to measure DNAm of candidate genes including NR3C1, SCG5, and SLC6A4, which are associated with the stress response and or social and emotional development. Multivariable models were employed to evaluate the association between maternal community deprivation and infant DNAm of candidate genes. Results: No significant associations were identified between maternal community-level deprivation and the methylation of NR3C1 or SCG5, however, maternal community-level deprivation was significantly associated with higher mean methylation across 8 CpG sites in SLC6A4. Conclusion: This study identified an association between community-level measures of deprivation experienced by a mother during pregnancy and DNAm in their offspring. These findings may have implications for understanding how the community context can impact early biology and potential function in the next generation.
Cardiovascular Disease in Women Part 1: Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Conditions and Risk Factors

Cardiovascular (CV) disease affects nearly 50 million women in the United States and is the leading cause of death in this country, yet women do not always recognize the impact of CV risk on health nor are they aware of risk factors specific to women. Physicians also lack awareness of gender-specific risk factors. Traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity increase both men and women’s risk for heart disease but are often less well controlled in women. Women also have unique risk factors; eliciting a pregnancy history is critical in assessing a woman’s cardiovascular risk as parity and pregnancy complications can impact cardiovascular health. Also unique to women, breastfeeding has been shown to decrease the risk of CVD, while menopause increases CVD risk. Emerging concerns related to breast cancer treatment and autoimmune disease also confer excess cardiovascular disease risk for women. In this chapter, we discuss factors contributing to cardiovascular risk in women and an approach to estimating that risk.
Developing Programming Exercises for Teaching Quantum Computing

Quantum computing harnesses quantum laws of nature to enable new types of algorithms, not feasible on traditional computers, that may lead to breakthroughs in crucial areas like materials science and chemistry. There is a rapidly growing demand for a quantum workforce educated in the basics of quantum computing, supported by government programs like National Quantum Initiative and regional coalitions and hubs that bring together research institutions, universities, and companies and startups in quantum computing industry. Quantum programming education plays an important role in training the quantum workforce. Learning materials and graded assignments that focus on quantum software engineering are crucial for a modern quantum computing curriculum. This demo shows a variety of programming exercises and assignments that can be used in an introductory course on quantum computing. The materials use Microsoft Quantum Development Kit, an open-source cross-platform toolkit for developing quantum applications using its domain-specific programming language Q#. They cover different aspects of quantum software development, from learning the basic concepts of quantum computing and expressing them in a quantum programming language to implementing basic quantum algorithms to using specialized tools for evaluating and validating quantum programs to running them on quantum hardware using Azure Quantum. In this demo I will also summarize my experience using these assignments in university courses.
Contact Dermatitis and Medical Adhesives: A Review.

In more recent years, the use of medical adhesives in lieu of sutures or staples has become increasingly common for the closure of post-surgical and traumatic incisions in areas of the skin where tension is low. While medical adhesives possess many advantages and little risk of adverse side effects, there are increasing numbers of accounts in the medical literature of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by specific components contained within the medical adhesives. The goal of this paper is to provide physicians with a differential diagnosis when faced with complications after the use of medical adhesives for wound closure. Additionally, this paper aims to delineate the differences among the most commonly used adhesives, provide a rationale for assessing an individual's personal risk of developing ACD, and to highlight the unique advantages and disadvantages of each adhesive. Dermabond® appears to be the most versatile adhesive with the lowest risk of ACD. However, because of its high cost, it may not be appropriate for all patients. While Mastisol® can only be utilized in combination with a dressing, such as Steri-Strips®, it is much more affordable than Dermabond and is still capable of providing an effective wound closure. Due to these factors, it is our recommendation that Dermabond is considered the first-line medical adhesive due to its versatility and strength, while Mastisol can be readily employed in situations with financial consideration. As the number of patients treated with medical adhesives continues to grow, physicians should anticipate an increase in the number of cases of ACD secondary to adhesive sensitization. It is imperative for physicians to be able to differentiate between a case of ACD and another potentially more serious complication, such as cellulitis. We hope that this paper will assist providers in distinguishing adhesive-induced ACD and other complications, identifying patients at risk of ACD from adhesive use, and provide a basis for which adhesives are most appropriate for any given patient.
Enhanced oil recovery application in low permeability formations by the injections of CO2, N2 and CO2/N2 mixture gases

Low oil recovery which is very predominant in shale oil reservoirs has stimulated petroleum engineers to investigate the applications of enhanced oil recovery methods in these formations. One such application is the injection of gases into the formation to stimulate increased oil recovery. In many gas flooding projects performed in the field, the miscibility of the gas injected is usually the most desired displacement mechanism, and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas has been recognized to be the best performing gas for injection due to its ability to be miscible with oil in the reservoir at low pressures compared to other gases such as nitrogen. This minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is of very crucial importance because it is the primary limiting factor in the feasibility of a miscible gas flooding project. However, there are other limiting factors such as cost and availability and, in these instances, nitrogen (N2) and lean gas are the more preferred candidate as opposed to carbon dioxide gas. Mixing carbon dioxide gas with lean gas or with nitrogen in a required ratio can allow us to design an injection gas that will be suitable enough to satisfy both the availability and cost constraints and at the same time allow us to achieve a reachable and reasonable miscibility pressure. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of mixing nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas in a 50:50 ratio on oil recovery in tight oil formations. The experiment was performed with controlled constraints such as the same core sample, same crude oil and same core cleaning and saturation process which was repeated for each trial. The oil used was live oil from Eagle ford formation, and the gases used were nitrogen (99.9% purity), carbon dioxide and a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in a 50:50 ratio. The injection pressure ranged from 1000 to 5000 psi with pressure increments of 1000 psi, and the same flooding time was 6 h. The potential of the N2, CO2 and N2–CO2 mixture for improving oil recovery was assessed along with the breakthrough time. The results showed that CO2 gas had the highest recovery followed by the N2–CO2 mixture and N2 gas had the lowest recovery. The gas breakthrough time results showed that the N2–CO2 mixture had the longest breakthrough time, N2 had the shortest breakthrough time, and CO2 had a significantly longer breakthrough time than pure N2 gas. The RF increased with increasing pressure, but the gas breakthrough time decreased with increasing pressure. However, the incremental RF decreased in all three cases when the injection pressure was above 3000 psi.
The Effects of Continuous and Rotational Livestock Grazing on Forb Quality and Quantity: Implications for Pronghorn Habitat Management

Abstract Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) evolved in grasslands with a diet composed of highly nutritious forbs. However, pronghorn habitat throughout North America has been lost to fragmentation and degradation. Additionally, the effects different cattle grazing regimes have on forb biomass, protein, and energy production for pronghorn are not well known in West Texas. We sampled forbs during the growing season in the months of September 2018 and 2019 to assess the effects of different cattle grazing regimes on forbs. We hypothesized rotational grazing would increase the nutritional quality of the forb community and overall forb production, compared to continuous grazing and no grazing. We randomly sampled pastures subject to continuous and rotational grazing, as well as ungrazed exclosures using 100, 96, and 64 1 m2 plots, respectively. We collected all forbs in each plot and analyzed differences in nutritional composition and biomass production using redundancy analysis. We found that the effects of grazing varied by year. In wetter conditions, rotational grazing exhibited higher forb quality and biomass, while exclusion from grazing exhibited these results under drier conditions. The knowledge gained from this study helps resource professionals and landowners understand how cattle grazing affects forbs for pronghorn. This knowledge may be used to improve the suitability of pronghorn habitat through cattle grazing regimes.
“Remember, this is Brightmoor”: Historical Violence, Neighborhood Experiences, and the Hysteresis of Street Life:

Drawing on three years of fieldwork, this article explains the emergence and persistence of two conflicting styles of street life in Brightmoor, a depopulated, majority Black, poor Detroit neighbor...
Convulsive Status Epilepticus Due to Dalfampridine in a Patient with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P6.016)

Objective: Not applicable Background: Dalfampridine (DFP) has been used safely and effectively as an adjunct to disease modifying therapies in MS to treat gait disturbances. There is a dose-dependent risk of seizures in patients who take dalfampridine, and it is contraindicated in patients with a prior history of seizures. Prolonged seizures due to DFP in otherwise healthy patients have never been reported. In 2012, de Gusmao reported a case of a 49 year-old male with MS who developed status epilepticus (SE) while taking DFP. The patient had used cocaine which likely lowered the seizure threshold and contributed to SE. We describe a patient with MS, without apparent overdose or toxicity, who developed SE after resuming DFP. Design/Methods: A 61 year-old male, diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS in 2000, was started on DFP in 2001 and had significant improvement in walking speed and mobility. MS had been treated with dimethyl fumarate. In 2015, the dose of DFP was increased and the patient suffered an episode of loss of consciousness. Despite the fact that seizure was ruled out based on history and work up, DFP was discontinued. The patient resumed DFP four months later due to decline in mobility, and experienced recurrent seizures with focal motor onset and secondary generalization over the course of 24 hours. DFP was discontinued at the time of admission. He was treated with levetirecetam and lorazepam, intubated and sedated with propofol, which lead to cessation of seizures. EEG in the postictal period revealed intermittent bitemporal slowing, but no epileptiform activity. MRI brain revealed stable scattered demyelinating disease throughout the parenchyma and corpus callosum. He remained seizure free at 6 month follow up. Results: Not applicable Conclusions: This case highlights the need to remain vigilant for the risk of SE when prescribing dalfampridine. Disclosure: Dr. Ali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balabanov has nothing to disclose.
Lenguaje claro en el siglo XXI: panorama general y propuesta de aplicación al proceso de traducción y corrección

En este articulo se presenta un panorama del lenguaje claro en tanto enfoque para la redaccion y en tanto movimiento alineado con el derecho a entender como derecho civil, y se explora su rol en textos informativos de contenido, con particular interes en su aplicacion a la traduccion y la correccion. Se parte de una concepcion funcional del texto y multifacetica del proceso de redaccion, traduccion y correccion que tiene en cuenta las normas internacionales de ISO y ASTM. Primeramente, se aborda la definicion de lenguaje claro elaborada en el seno de la Federacion Internacional de Lenguaje Claro (IPLF) y adoptada como punto de inicio en el proyecto normativo ISO 24495 sobre lenguaje claro (aun en desarrollo). Tambien, se ofrece un panorama historico de los hitos del lenguaje claro como movimiento iniciado en el siglo XX en el contexto internacional y en el mundo hispanohablante. Seguidamente, se enumeran principios clave del lenguaje claro que surgen del juicio de expertos e incluyen pertinencia , accesibilidad , inteligibilidad y aplicabilidad ; se sugiere desdoblar el principio de inteligibilidad en textualidad y adecuacion para facilitar una aproximacion escalonada a posibles intervenciones. Se toman nociones de linguistica funcional para definir texto y presentar tecnicas de expresion que promuevan la claridad. Se proponen tecnicas para la solucion de problemas de inteligibilidad, tanto en la redaccion de texto monolingue (de partida o de llegada) como en el proceso de traduccion, ya que estas instancias atanen especificamente a la tarea del traductor y del corrector.
In search of plan(et) B: Irrational rationality, capitalist realism, and space colonization

Abstract We apply the concepts “irrational rationality,” a term condensing the Frankfurt School’s assessment of the contradictions of capitalist rationalization, and Fisher’s (2008) notion of “capitalist realism,” the termination of the ability to imagine alternatives to capitalism, to sociologically analyze the case for space colonization as a means to preserve the human species from a catastrophic ecological future. Along with failing to make a convincing instrumental case for space colonization as an effective means to preserve the species, justifications for space colonization are irrationally rational because they employ the same logic and inversion of means and ends that oversaw the degradation of Earth. Capitalist realism underpins the contemporary case for space colonization as the continuation of capitalism is not only taken for granted, but, further, capitalist priorities are used as justification. The case for space colonization is untenable when social alternatives to capitalism, the driver of the ecological crisis, are considered.
Pharmacogenomics of Rare and Monogenic Disorders

The rare monogenic diseases provide the most clearly evident examples of pathology resulting from a single genetic lesion. As such, they are in some sense the "low hanging fruit" for the application of pharmacogenomic therapeutic approaches. These quite often serious diseases, while still not fully understood, have seen a revolution in both disease classification as well as therapeutic approaches. Advances in genomic understanding of rare diseases both challenge traditional disease classifications as well as reveal, in many instances, a complex interplay of the host genome with its environment. Therapeutic approaches initially developed as "orphan" products, including molecular chaperones, agents to promote or stop codon skipping, various gene therapy techniques, substrate reduction therapies, and other novel therapies, have all either recently seen market approval or show clear promise as potential future treatment approaches.
Commentary 3 on Re-conceptualizing Mathematics Education as a Design Science

Mathematics education faces many challenges which Lesh and Sriraman clearly identify—in many countries mathematics teaching and mathematics education research have growth too far apart; in many countries most mathematics researchers and scholars do not embed their insights into usable, widely-disseminated curricular or instructional products; in many countries policy, curricular, and instructional development too rigid, presuming unrealistic images of school life; and, as a result, those polices, curricula, and instructional methods are not readily adaptable by teachers to their local contexts. Moreover, the solution that Lesh and Sriraman suggest to address these vexing problems—reconceptualizing the field as a design science—has considerable merit. Yet many of their assertions and arguments supporting this solution are either too broad or simply inaccurate. As a result, their justifications are off base and their conclusions too sweeping.
Economic Development Agreements--Part II--Agreements between States and Aliens; Choice of Law and Remedy

A N EARLIER article in this series" posed the general problem of the necessity for foreign developmental assistance to the under-developed parts of the world, and dealt with the questions of choice of law and remedy applicable to economic development loan agreements made with these States by other States or by international organizations. Numerous policy declarations by spokesmen of States of the western world indicate that a substantial portion of the funds for economic development must come from private sources.2 From the free world perspective, an important reason in support of substantial private assistance to less developed countries is that private investment tends, though not invariably, to associate with private areas of the economy in the recipient State. This association may serve to establish and sustain the type of mixed public-private economy that western States have found conducive to maintaining a large degree of individual choice in political and economic matters. At the same time, it provides the modicum of governmental participation that seems essential for planning on a long-range national scale and assisting the economy during extreme fluctuations in the business cycle. If we conclude that private investment in the less developed countries is both an economic necessity and a desired policy approach, then it would appear desirable to identify means of encouraging its flow and assuring the performance of agreements by which such assistance is extended. A variety of means of protecting private investments in underdeveloped areas have been advanced from numerous quarters in the last decade.
The Nature’s Clever Trick for Making Cyclic Dinucleotide

Ever since their initial discovery few years ago, cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs), their biosynthesis, and their biological function have been in focus of intense research efforts. In this issue, Kato et al. (2015) present strong evidence that the key enzyme in cDN biosynthesis, DncV, is poised on a tipping point such that, given a nudge, the enzyme, can link the nucleotides into a distinct cyclic loop, leading to a specific innate immune response.
Tabular placement of relational data on MEMS-based storage devices

Due to the advances in semiconductor manufacturing, the gap between main memory and secondary storage is constantly increasing. This becomes a significant performance bottleneck for Database Management Systems, which rely on secondary storage heavily to store large datasets. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the invention of alternative means for persistent storage. In particular, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) based storage technology has emerged as the leading candidate for next generation storage systems. In order to integrate MEMS-based storage into conventional computing platform, new techniques are needed for I/O scheduling and data placement. In the context of relational data, it has been observed that access to relations needs to be enabled in both row-wise as well as in columnwise fashions. In this paper, we exploit the physical characteristics of MEMS-based storage devices to develop a data placement scheme for relational data that enables retrieval in both row-wise and column-wise manner. We demonstrate that this data layout not only improves I/O utilization, but results in better cache performance.
INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC TRANSFORMATION IN STREPTOCOCCI.

Abstract Perry, Dennis (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Hutton D. Slade. Intraspecific and interspecific transformation in streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 88:595–601. 1964.—Interspecific transformation reactions, employing streptomycin resistance as a marker, were performed with eight strains of streptococci belonging to three serological groups (F, H, and O) and one ungroupable (UG) strain. Generally, autotransformation (within the same strain) was most efficient. Homotransformation (between different strains of the same serological group), however, was sometimes as efficient or slightly better. Heterotransformation (between different serological groups) yielded the least number of transformants or none at all. The rate of transformation of different strains varied from 2.0 × 10−7 to 7.6 × 10−3. Group H streptococci exhibited the highest rate of autotransformation, followed by groups F and O, and strain UG. The results of heterotransformation reactions revealed that a genetic relationship exists between various strains of different serological groups. No transformation, however, occurred between F and O strains, indicating a lack of genetic homology between these serological groups of streptococci. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), isolated by physical and enzymatic methods from a group O and a UG strain, failed to induce transformation. DNA from these strains, however, significantly inhibited the transforming ability of other DNA preparations. Heat and mechanical shear resulted in a marked decrease in this inhibitory property.
Not miR-ly micromanagers: the functions and regulatory networks of microRNAs in mammalian skin

The microRNA (miRNA) pathway is a widespread mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. In animals, each miRNA species can regulate hundreds of protein-coding genes, resulting in pervasive functions for miRNAs in numerous cellular processes. Since the identification of the first mammalian miRNA, the function of miRNAs in mammals has been a topic of great interest, both because of the versatile roles of miRNAs in biological systems, as well as the clinical potential of these regulatory RNAs. With well-defined cell lineages and the availability of versatile tools for both in vivo and in vitro studies, mammalian skin has emerged as an important system in which to examine miRNAs' functions in adult tissues. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the functions and regulatory networks of miRNAs in mammals, with a specific focus on murine skin development as a model system. We first introduce functional analyses of the miRNA biogenesis pathway in the skin, then highlight the functions of individual miRNAs in skin development, followed by an examination of miRNA roles in skin stress responses. We finish with a discussion of miRNA regulatory networks and emphasize future challenges and emerging technologies that permit the genome-wide study of miRNA functions and regulatory mechanisms in mammalian skin. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:849–865. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1250 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Forecasting Approaches for the High‐Tech Industry

Challenges in the high-tech industry, such as long supply chain lead times, short product lifecycles, and frequent new product introductions, make it unrealistic to expect highly accurate forecasting. However, there are methods to help high-tech organizations deal with this extra uncertainty, and this article focuses on two such methods: the “structured analogy” approach to new product forecasting, and forecast value added (FVA) analysis. The structured analogy approach utilizes data visualization and analytical software to augment “forecasting by analogy” (i.e., like items) with structured judgment. FVA analysis is a method adopted across a broad range of industries for identifying wasteful and bad practices in the forecasting process and is consistent with the “lean” approach to supply chain management. While neither method can guarantee highly accurate forecasts (nothing can do that), these methods help high-tech organizations forecast more efficiently (in less time, at less cost), more effectively (by eliminating process steps that just make the forecast worse), and to better understand and deal with the uncertainties and risks. Keywords: structured analogy; forecast value added analysis; FVA; forecastability; supply chain management; forecasting performance metrics; demand volatility
High expression of carbonic anhydrase IX is significantly associated with glandular lesions in gastroesophageal junction and with tumorigenesis markers BMI1, MCM4 and MCM7

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is a transmembrane glycoprotein related to hypoxia. Increased CA9 expression has been associated with decreased survival and cancer progression and has been targeted as a potential therapy for several cancers, including esophageal cancer. The reported percentages of expression of CA9 in esophageal adenocarcinoma vary, and CA9 expression in precancerous esophageal lesions has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated CA9 expression in esophageal cancers and in precancerous lesions and explored the association of CA9 expression with prognostic factors and with stem cell and tumorigenesis-related markers including BMI1, cyclin E, ki67, MCM4 and MCM7 expression. Previously constructed tissue microarrays consisting of samples of 7 tissue types (columnar cell metaplasia, Barrett esophagus, low- and high-grade dysplasia, esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous epithelium, and squamous cell carcinoma) were used for the immunostaining of CA9, BMI1, cyclin E, Ki67, MCM4 and MCM7. CA9 high expression occurred more frequently in glandular mucosa with or without dysplasia than in squamous epithelium or squamous cell carcinoma. Survival duration of esophageal adenocarcinoma did not significantly differ between patients with high CA9 expression and those with low expression. High CA9 expression is significantly associated with BMI1, cyclin E, Ki67, MCM4 and MCM7 expression. High CA9 expression may be related to the acidic environment caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease in the gastroesophageal junction and associated with tumorigenesis through BMI1, MCM4 and MCM7.
Parallel Assisted Assembly of Multilayer DNA and Protein Nanoparticle Structures Using a CMOS Electronic Array

A CMOS electronic microarray device was used to carry out the rapid parallel assembly of functionalized nanoparticles into multilayer structures. Electronic microarrays produce reconfigurable DC electric fields that allow DNA, proteins as well as charged molecules to be rapidly transported from the bulk solution and addressed to specifically activated sites on the array surface. Such a device was used to carry out the assisted self‐assembly DNA, biotin and streptavidin derivatized fluorescent nanoparticles into multilayer structures. Nanoparticle addressing could be carried out in about 15 seconds, and forty depositions of nanoparticles were completed in less than one hour. The final multilayered 3D nanostructures were verified by scanning electron microscopy.
Involvement of the bufodienolides in disorders of inflammation, body volume, tissue injury, and ischemia.

The bufodienolides are a group of circulating steroid hormones which, along with the cardenolides, compose the compounds referred to as the “cardiotonic steroids” or “cardiac glycosides.” The most extensively studied of the bufodienolides is marinobufogenin (MBG). Both groups of agents act primarily by virtue of their ability to inhibit the ubiquitous enzyme Na+/K+ ATPase. Recent evidence indicates that at least some of the effects of MBG are mediated by alterations in the MAPK signaling cascade. Previous investigations have largely been directed towards the involvement of the bufodienolides in changes in body volume and hypertension, including volume expansion-mediated essential hypertension. However, it is now clear that MBG and its antagonist, resibufogenin (RBG), are implicated in disorders characterized by the generation and maintenance of inflammation. Therefore, evidence has been presented in this review which implicates MBG in traumatic brain injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, not only does RBG prevent preeclampsia in a rat model of the disturbance, but it is also effective in ameliorating the abnormalities in traumatic brain injury. Efforts are currently underway to determine if, as is the case in the latter two disorders, it is also effective in modifying the course of the disease in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, the investigative future seems bright with regard to the potential activity of these and other bufodienolides in medicine.