cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mate choice by male sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Abstract Territorial male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus , were presented simultaneously with two gravid female stickleback dummies that differed only in degree of abdominal distention. Males directed most (approximately 60%) of their courtship behaviour (zigzags and leads) to the more distended dummy. However, when presented with the same two dummies consecutively, males directed similar amounts of courtship to each. Males probably prefer the more distended females because distention indicates greater fecundity or spawning readiness.
Impact of mobility pattern on epidemic propagation in wireless networks

The physical topology of a wireless ad hoc network has a great impact on not only the performance of the algorithms developed for such networks, but also on the robustness (i.e., vulnerability to attacks or node failures) of the network. In this work, an empirical study on the impact of mobility on the epidemic (e.g., worm) propagation is provided, where topology-dependent and independent mobility models are compared in terms of infection (compromise) propagation among nodes. Results show that if there is no node recovery (i.e., no patches), for some mobility models whole network can be compromised in a short amount of time with infection rates less than 0.01 for even sparsely-connected ad hoc wireless networks. If there is recovery an epidemic might arise depending on the infective time durations and infection rates.
Further Studies on the Pathogenicity of Trichomonas Gallinae for Baby Chicks

Abstract A DISEASE of the upper digestive tract caused by a protozoon of the genus Trichomonas has long been recognized in pigeons. A similar condition was described in turkeys by Volkmar (1930), and discussed more fully by Hawn (1937). Stabler (1938a) considered that the causative protozoa of trichomoniasis in pigeons and turkeys belonged to the same species. In chickens, Giercke (1933) described a disease of the upper digestive tract associated with Trichomonas. Yakimoff (1934) encountered a Trichomonas which he named Trichomonas halli in the throat of a single chicken. Schaaf and Scherle (1938a, b, c) found trichomonads with four anterior flagella on the healthy mucous membrane of the throat of 2 percent of the healthy chickens which they examined. They did not consider this organism pathogenic. Recently Levine and Brandly (1939) described an outbreak in Illinois of a disease of the upper digestive tract of chickens associated with Trichomonas. More recently . . .
The Transition from Student to Adult Politics

This study is the second follow-up of 1960s civil rights activists. It examines the long-term effects of political activism. Consistent with Mannheim's thesis we find that the former activists are a distinctive intragenerational unit that differ significantly from two control groups. We also find control groups becoming more politically active with age. This provides limited support for a maturation effect. Finally, all three groups became more conservative in their political attitudes during the 1980s, demonstrating a period effect. The 1960s social movements generated voluminous research on the causes of political protest. In contrast there has been little empirical research on the consequences of these movements for the participants. The empirical studies (Fendrich 1977; Fendrich & Krauss 1978; Fendrich & Tarleau 1973; Hoge & Ankney 1982; Jennings 1987; Marwell, Aiken & Demerath 1987; Nassi & Abromowitz 1979; Whalen & Flacks 1980) support Mannheim's ([1928] 1972) theory of distinctive intragenerational units forming out of intense youthful politics. There is, however, a major research gap. Most of the studies have too short a time period to test for either maturation (Cutler & Bengtson 1974; Lipset & Ladd 1972) or period effects (Braungart & Braungart 1988; Weil 1987). The objective of the present study is to overcome the limitations of previous work. Twenty-five years have now elapsed since the subjects were students and 15 since our last follow-up study. This time span should be sufficient to begin to adjudicate between Mannheim's theory of intragenerational units, political maturation, and period effects. *This research was partially funded by a Summer Grant from Florida State University. We appreciate the editorial assistance and comments of Susan Carlson, the anonymous referees, and the outside readers Russell Dalton, Richard Flacks, M. Kent Jennings, Robert J. S. Ross, and Ed Walsh. Direct correspondence to James Max Fendrich, Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306. ?D 1989 The University of North Carolina Press
Interpersonal Identity and Social Capital: The Importance of Commitment for Low Income, Rural, African American Adolescents:

Social capital may be particularly important for the well-being and future opportunities of African American adolescents living in low income families. In this study, linkages between interpersonal identity formation and adolescents’ perceptions of social capital quality were examined in a cross-sectional study of 374 low income, rural, African American adolescents (161 males, 213 females), ranging in age from 12 to 19. It was argued that adolescents who have stronger commitments to their interpersonal identities will report better social capital quality. Analysis of variance results indicated that adolescents classified as foreclosed (high commitment/low exploration) in identity status never differed in their perceptions of social capital quality from those classified as achieved (high commitment/high exploration) in identity status. Furthermore, results of structural equation modeling indicated that identity commitment mattered most for explaining variability in social capital quality. Implications for ...
Observer Design for Non-Uniform Sampled Systems Using Gain-Scheduling

In non-uniform sampled systems, the measurements are arriving at irregular time intervals. However, the control is updated at regular time intervals. An observer is required to obtain the estimate of the states during the control update times. We evaluate two observer designs: A Kalman filter and a gain-scheduling observer. The Kalman filter has the optimal performance. However, it is computationally expensive. In contrast, a recent gainscheduling synthesis technique [1] can be used to design a time varying observer, whose time varying coefficients are a function of the measured sampling time variations. This observer is suboptimal, but it has significantly less computational complexity as compared to the Kalman filter, which makes it feasible to implement. Simulations are conducted for a self servo writing process in hard disk drives, in order to evaluate performance of H2 gainscheduling observer design.
Is code speech? Law and the expressivity of machine language

This article examines Universal City Studios v. Reimerdes and its appeal (Universal v. Corley), which tackle the question of whether code is speech, protected under First Amendment law. Computer code raises problems for free speech law, as code can be seen as both expression and conduct. The legal decisions in the case created an expression/function dichotomy that limited recognition of expressivity to communication among programmers through unexecuted code. This dichotomy creates a low bar for the regulation of code, including uses of code as political expression and dissent. Cultural definitions of computers and legal notions of authorship and agency rooted in old media kept the judges from considering the functional capacities of code as speech. However, legal consideration of this functional expressivity is necessary in order to recognize the actual political and cultural uses of digital media and to enable a more nuanced regulatory framework.
Peering Down the Barrel of a Bacteriophage Portal: The Genome Packaging and Release Valve in P22

SUMMARY The encapsidated genome in all double-strand DNA bacteriophages is packaged to liquid crystalline density through a unique vertex in the procapsid assemblyintermediate,whichhasaportalproteindodecamer in place of five coat protein subunits. The portal orchestrates DNA packaging and exit, through a series of varying interactions with the scaffolding, terminase, and closure proteins. Here, we report an asymmetric cryoEM reconstruction of the entire P22
A Criticality Analysis of Clustering in Superscalar Processors

Clustered machines partition hardware resources to circumvent the cycle time penalties incurred by large, monolithic structures. This partitioning introduces a long inter-cluster forwarding latency and the potential for load imbalance, both of which degrade IPC and thus counter the cycle time benefits of clustering. We show that program dataflow can be mapped to clustered machines so as to achieve an IPC rivaling that of an equivalent monolithic machine. That is, the IPC penalties observed by extant schemes are largely an artifact of instruction steering and scheduling policies. Using critical path analysis, we investigate and uncover the main causes for this performance loss. By way of code samples, we illustrate those causes and propose three policies for mitigating them. First, we introduce a new metric, likelihood of criticality, and show how it can halve the performance lost to contention-induced stalls. Second, we develop a stall-over-steer policy that addresses performance lost to inter-cluster forwarding delay. Finally, we show that a proactive load-balancing policy is necessary to improve the distribution of ready instructions among the clusters. Together, these three policies yield performance on 2-, 4- and 8-cluster implementations of an 8-wide machine that is within 2, 4, and 6%, respectively, of the monolithic equivalent.
FIELD-ACTIVATED PRESSURE-ASSISTED COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE TI3SIC2

The simultaneous synthesis and densification of the ternary Ti3SiC2 was investigated by the field-activated, pressure-assisted combustion method. Depending on temperature and time at temperature, relatively pure and nearly fully dense materials can be synthesized by this approach. The optimum conditions to produce this phase were a reaction temperature of 1525 °C and a time at temperature of 2 h. The product contained TiC as a second phase at a level of ≤2 mol%. The resulting ternary phase has typically elongated grains which were about 25 μm in size. Within a range of applied force of 1–4 N, the microhardness of the product was relatively constant, ranging from 6 to 7 GPa. Investigations on the thermal and chemical stabilities of the ternary were also conducted. Vacuum annealing at temperatures of 1600 and 2000 °C resulted in the formation of a surface layer of TiC, while the air annealing at 1000 °C resulted in the formation of TiO2. Oxidation studies on the prepared Ti3SiC2 were made at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1100 °C. The results suggest a two-mechanism process, one dominating in the approximate range of 800–950 °C and the other in the range 950–1100 °C with corresponding activation energies of 137.7 and 312.5 kJ·mol−1. The results are explained in terms of two proposed reactions on the basis of microprobe analyses.
Building reliable metaclassifiers for text learning

Appropriately combining information sources to form a more effective output than any of the individual sources is a broad topic that has been researched in many forms. It can be considered to contain sensor fusion, distributed data-mining, regression combination, classifier combination, and even the basic classification problem. After all, the hypothesis a classifier emits is just a specification of how the information in the basic features should be combined. This dissertation addresses one subfield of this domain: leveraging locality when combining classifiers for text classification. Classifier combination is useful, in part, as an engineering aid that enables machine learning scientists to understand the difference in base classifiers in terms of their local reliability, dependence, and variance---much as higher-level languages are an abstraction that improves upon assembly language without extending its computational power. Additionally, using such abstraction, we introduce a combination model that uses inductive transfer to extend the amount of labeled data that can be brought to bear when building a text classifier combination model. We begin by discussing the role calibrated probabilities play when combining classifiers. After reviewing calibration, we present arguments and empirical evidence that the distribution of posterior probabilities from a classifier will give rise to asymmetry. Since the standard methods for recalibrating classifiers have an underlying assumption of symmetry, we present asymmetrical distributions that can be fit efficiently and produce recalibrated probabilities of higher quality than the symmetrical methods. The resulting improved probabilities can either be used directly for a single base classifier or used as part of a classifier combination model. Reflecting on the lessons learned from the study of calibration, we go on to define local calibration, dependence, and variance and discuss the roles they play in classifier combination. Using these insights as motivation, we introduce a series of reliability-indicator variables which serve as an intuitive abstraction of the input domain to capture the local context related to a classifier's reliability. We then introduce the main methodology of our work, STRIVE, which uses metaclassifiers and reliability indicators to produce improved classification performance. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Grouping WWW Image Search Results by Novel Inhomogeneous Clustering Method

In this paper, a novel inhomogeneous clustering method is proposed for grouping web images. It is used to re-organize the search result of web image search engines into a hierarchical structure so that the users can conveniently browse the search result. This method takes into account various features associated with web images, and treats them in different ways. For the surrounding text extracted from the containing web pages, co-clustering approach is adopted; for low-level features of the image content and other features, one-way clustering approach is adopted. The clustering results of different approaches are combined together to produce the final image groups. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages by cAMP Is mediated by PKA-AKAP95-p105

The activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways leads to the production of a broad array of cytokines and mediators that coordinate the immune response. The inflammatory potential of this response can be reduced by compounds, such as prostaglandin E_2, that induce the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Through experiments with cAMP analogs and multigene RNA interference (RNAi), we showed that key anti-inflammatory effects of cAMP were mediated specifically by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Selective inhibitors of PKA anchoring, time-lapse microscopy, and RNAi screening suggested that differential mechanisms of PKA action existed. We showed a specific role for A kinase–anchoring protein 95 in suppressing the expression of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor–, which involved phosphorylation of p105 (also known as Nfkb1) by PKA at a site adjacent to the region targeted by inhibitor of nuclear factor B kinases. These data suggest that crosstalk between the TLR4 and cAMP pathways in macrophages can be coordinated through PKA-dependent scaffolds that localize specific pools of the kinase to distinct substrates.
The Applicability of Network Effect Theory to Low-Cost Adoption Decisions: An Investigation of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Technologies

In this work, we examined the boundary of the applicability of network effects theory. We theorized that when adoption is cheap, the cognitive demands of estimating network effects outweigh the benefit of making optimal adoption decisions. Thus, even in contexts where network effects do exist, we predict that adopters will use simple heuristics to make adoption decisions, if adoption is cheap. We propose that adopters simply do what they observe others doing. Using the context of peer-to-peer file sharing, we conducted three studies comparing network effects against simply following the behavior of others, and found in all three cases that there was no marginal effect of network size on willingness to adopt. However, when subjects were told classmates' adoption choices, there was a strong marginal effect on willingness to adopt. Put simply, if people are offered the option of downloading a free peer-to-peer software, then changing the network size from 1,000 to 1,000,000 has no effect on their willingness to adopt, but having two classmates express a choice not to download the software had a large negative impact on a subject’s willingness to download. Thus, our subjects, when faced with the option of a free download, did not behave in accordance with network effects theory, suggesting that there is a boundary on the applicability of the theory to internet adoption behavior.
Adaptive and hierarchical modelling of fatigue crack propagation

A methodology is developed to simulate adaptively and hierarchically fatigue crack growth in structural components. Cracks are modelled, by overlaying portions of the finite element mesh free of cracks with a discontinuous finite element field containing unconstrained double nodes along the discontinuity. Crack propagation is simulated by advancing the crack front in the superimposed mesh only keeping the underlying mesh fixed. Adaptivity in time and space domain together with the hierarchical nature of the method ensure both economical and reliable simulation of crack propagation. Numerical results of fatigue crack growth in the attachment lug were found to be, in good agreement with the experimental data.
Oriented nanomaterial air bridges formed from suspended polymer-composite nanofibers.

In a two-step method, carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanowires, or graphene sheets are connected between two anchor points to form nanomaterial air bridges. First, a recently developed method of forming directionally oriented polymer nanofibers by hand-application is used to form suspended composite polymer–nanomaterial fibers. Then, the polymer is sacrificed by thermally induced depolymerization and vaporization, leaving air bridges of the various materials. Composite fibers and bundles of nanotubes as thin as 10 nm that span 1 μm gaps have been formed by this method. Comparable bridges are observed by electrospinning solutions of the same nanomaterial–polymer composites onto micrometer-scale corrugated surfaces. This method for assembling nanomaterial air-bridges provides a convenient way to suspend nanomaterials for mechanical and other property determinations, and for subsequent device fabrication built up from the suspended nanosubstrates.
AGE-SPECIFIC STOPOVER BEHAVIOR OF MIGRANT BALD EAGLES

Abstract A review of stopover behavior in birds revealed that most migrate as quickly as fuel reserves allowed (i.e., were time minimizers). This pattern stemmed from studies conducted almost exclusively on small-bodied species (< 50 g), which migrate primarily by flapping flight. However, body size has a significant effect on metabolic rate and costs of locomotion, two characteristics with direct relevance to migration and stopover behavior. I examined the autumn stopover behavior of a large-bodied species (4–5.5 kg) that migrates by soaring. I captured and radio-tagged 68 Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) at Hauser Reservoir, Montana from 1992–1994. After capture, juveniles stayed at the stopover site longer than older eagles. Body condition was similar between the two age groups and did not correlate with post capture residence time. Consumption rates of eagles were not age-specific. Juvenile and 1.5-year old eagles had similar consumption rates and body condition, but differed in residence times,...
WATER ABSORPTION FROM THE INTESTINE VIA PORTAL AND LYMPHATIC PATHWAYS IN RATS.

SummaryWhen tritiated water was introduced into the lumen of the intestine of rats equilibrium with body water occurred in about an hour. Collections of absorbed tritium in the lymph and body water showed that 97% was absorbed into the portal system and only 3% into the mesenteric lymph.The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. M. F. Sullivan for his suggestions and comments in preparation of this manuscript.
iMet: Interactive Metric Learning in Healthcare Applications.

Patient similarity assessment aims at providing a clinically meaningful distance measure for case retrieval in the context of clinical decision intelligence. Two of the key challenges are how to incorporate physician feedback with regard to the retrieval results and how to interactively update the underlying similarity measure based on the feedback. In this paper, we present the interactive Metric learning (iMet) method that can incrementally adjust the underlying distance metric based on latest supervision information. iMet is designed to scale linearly with the data set size based on matrix perturbation theory, which allows the derivation of sound theoretical guarantees. We show empirical results demonstrating that iMet outperforms the baseline by three orders of magnitude in speed while obtaining comparable accuracy on several benchmark datasets. We also describe the application of the algorithm in a real world physician decision support system.
Teaching (About) Mindfulness: A Tale of Two Courses

To practice mindfulness is to pay attention in a curious, deliberate, kind, and non-judgmental way to life as it unfolds each moment. Mindfulness is currently very fashionable and has been so for sometime now in American business, education, media, popular culture, and sports. Many American law students, law professors, law schools, lawyers, and legal organizations are considering how mindfulness can be helpful in law and conflict resolution. Much of the popularity of mindfulness stems from research about how mindfulness can improve mental and physical health by reducing stress and negative affect. This Essay tells a tale of teaching (about) mindfulness in two courses: first, a seminar about law and neuroscience, and second, a required law school course about legal ethics and professionalism. These courses offer memorable lessons that mindfulness is an experience and provides a space in which to pause and then choose well.
SU‐D‐202‐06: Prospective Free‐Breathing CT Scan Selection for 5DCT

Purpose: 5DCT employs 25 fast helical scans and breathing surrogate monitoring to sample the respiratory cycle. Deformable image registration is used to fit a correspondence model between tissue motion and breathing amplitude and rate. The number of scans was chosen to ensure a high probability that tissues were imaged at sufficiently distinct breathing phases for accurate modeling of the entire breathing cycle. This work describes a method to prospectively select scan start times and reduce the protocol’s number of scans from 25 to 6. Methods: Breathing traces from 7 patients imaged with 5DCT were used to simulate acquisition of 6 scans. Breathing phase was estimated using only observations from previous time points. Cross-correlation between the representative breath and the most recent half period was continuously computed. If phase and cross-correlation criteria were met, scans were triggered with a 2 second delay before acquisition. Blind acquisition, 6 scans separated by a fixed delay, was modeled at staggered start times. The spread of prospectively and blindly sampled breathing waveforms was characterized using a previously published objective function. Results: Prospectively selected scans ranked on average in the 84th percentile of objective function values obtained by blind acquisition at staggered start times for 7 patient breathing traces. Conclusion: A method to prospectively determine scan start times for 5DCT was developed and tested by simulating acquisition on patient breathing traces. The method is computationally inexpensive enough for real-time implementation and would result in an imaging dose of less than one quarter of the current 5DCT protocol.
Surface tension—Inorganic compounds

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the results of the surface tension for inorganic compounds in tabular format. For the tabulation, a modified Othmer relation is selected for correlation of the surface tension as a function of temperature. The tabulation is arranged by alphabetical order such as Ag, Al, Ar, and Zr to provide ease of use in quickly locating the data by using the chemical formula. The compound name and chemical abstracts registry number (CAS No) are also provided in columns. Values for regression coefficients are given in the adjacent columns. The temperature range for use is given in the next columns (TMIN and TMAX). The equation should not be used for temperatures outside this range. The next column provides the code for the tabulation. The last two columns provide a representative temperature and value for the surface tension at the representative temperature. The compilations of CRC, Daubert and Danner, Jasper, Keene, Lu and Jiang, Mills and Su, and Yaws are used extensively. The reviews of Keene and Mills and Su are especially valuable and helpful for the metals. The review of Jasper is especially valuable and helpful for gases and liquids. Estimates are primarily based on the Sugden method. Experimental data and estimates are regressed to provide the same equation for all compounds. A comparison of calculated and data values is also shown for a representative compound. The graph shows favorable agreement of equation and data.
An empirical study of electromagnetic interference caused by ultra wideband transmissions in an IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network

Military communications require the rapid deployment of mobile high-bandwidth systems. This work characterizes the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects of ultra wideband (UWB) transmissions on an IEEE 802.11a ad-hoc network throughput performance. Radiated measurements in an anechoic chamber investigate interference performance for three binary modulation schemes including bi-phase shift keying (BPSK), pulse position modulation (PPM), and on-off keying (OOK) and four pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) transmitted over two unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII) channels. Results indicate that OOK and BPPM can degrade throughput performance by up to twenty percent at lower PRF and lower U-NII channels. Minimal performance degradation (less than one percent) due to interference is observed for BPSK at the lower PRF and higher U-NII channels.
Team situation awareness within the context of human-autonomy teaming

Abstract Effective team communication, a fundamental part of team coordination, is crucial for both effective Team Situation Awareness (TSA) and team performance. In this study, we looked at the role that team interaction (i.e., more specifically team verbal behaviors) played in TSA and team performance in order to better understand Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). We first analyzed team verbal behaviors (i.e., pushing and pulling information) across conditions of human-autonomy teams and human-human teams, and then analyzed their relationship with TSA and team performance via Growth Curve Modelling (GCM). Good teamwork involves anticipating the needs of teammates and that means pushing information before it is requested. Therefore, if things are going well, there should be little need for pulling information. In this study’s task, participants were instructed to push information to others, and over time master the specific timing of information sharing to the intended recipient. Findings indicate that pushing information was positively associated with TSA and team performance, and human-autonomy teams had lower levels of both pushing and pulling information than all-human teams. Through this study, we have learned that anticipation of other team member behaviors and information requirements in human-autonomy teams are important for effective TSA and team performance. In order to make HAT more effective in terms of teamwork, we need to develop mechanisms to enhance pushing information within HAT.
A Weighted Question Retrieval Model using Descriptive Information in Community Question Answering

Community Question Answering (CQA) sites such as Yahoo! Answers and Stack Overflow, are knowledge sharing platforms that allow users to post questions and answer questions asked by other users. One of the characteristics of CQA is a time lag between questions and answers. To reduce the time lag between them, various approaches have been suggested such as question retrieval and question routing. In this paper we propose a weighted question retrieval model that uses question titles, question descriptions, and their relationship for calculating question similarity in large-scale CQA archives. From the experiment our weighted question retrieval model outperforms the baseline that uses only question titles, and we found that exploiting the question descriptions increases the ranks of the relevant questions while reducing the recalls of them as compared with the baseline.
Exploring simulation based dynamic traffic assignment with a large-scale microscopic traffic simulation model

With better computational resources, microscopic transportation models are beginning to reach size and scale similar to regional macroscopic models. Calibrating complex large-scale transportation models is not trivial and is typically performed using observed traffic counts to simultaneously calculate demand and path choice. One issue that needs further exploration is the use of simulation based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) techniques to determine route choices between origin and destination pairs. In this paper, we test the implementation of DTA in a commercial tool on a large-scale microscopic model. Performance of the DTA is quantified for two conditions - normal traffic flow and a future flow with heavy congestion. Results reveal why current DTA techniques may struggle and suggest mitigating. This paper does not offer a complete solution, but contributes to the research of utilizing microscopic models in a larger scale by providing evidence and discussing the challenges of current commercial DTA techniques.
E2112: randomized phase iii trial of endocrine therapy plus entinostat/placebo in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer

Endocrine therapies are effective in the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer, however, de novo or acquired treatment resistance is a significant clinical problem. A potential mechanism of resistance involves changes in gene expression secondary to epigenetic modifications, which might be reversed with the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as entinostat. The ENCORE 301 phase II randomized, placebo-controlled study demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with the addition of entinostat to exemestane in patients with HR-positive advanced breast cancer with disease progression after prior non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI). These results prompted the development of E2112, a phase III registration trial which is investigating entinostat/placebo in combination with exemestane in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have experienced disease progression after a non-steroidal AI. E2112 aims to validate the preclinical and clinical findings supporting the role of HDAC inhibitors in overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with advanced breast cancer.
Identification of yeast artificial chromosomes containing the inversion 16 p-arm breakpoint associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia

We report the cloning of the chromosome 16 p-arm breakpoint involved in inversion 16(p13;q22) associated with subtype of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) M4Eo. Inter-Alu polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from a series of interspecific somatic cell hybrids that contain only small portions of the human chromosome 16 p-arm were generated for use as fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) probes. When applied to patient cells, rapid and unambiguous identification of the inversion resulted. Using FISH analysis, cosmid clones associated with the hybrids were identified that bracketed the p-arm breakpoint. A repeat-free fragment of one of these cosmids (35B11) when used as probe on Southern blots from pulsed-field gels identified rearranged macrorestriction fragments in patient DNA. Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were isolated using sequences derived from cosmids flanking 35B11 in a cosmid contig. Of 4 YACs so identified, 3 were shown by FISH to cross the inversion-16 p-arm breakpoint. Therefore, the breakpoint has been molecularly cloned, and identified as being within these 3 YACs. These clones will facilitate the unraveling of the genetic events associated with inversion-16 and are available tools with immediate clinical application.
Free (ℤ/2)k-actions and a problem in commutative algebra

for this case, the theorem is proved for S nl x...x S n~ , where the ni's may be distinct. The proofs of these theorems rely heavily on the special homological properties of the spaces involved, in particular on the non-vanlshing of cup-products in H (X; ~/p ~) or . H (X;Q) . One's initial reaction is to attempt to remove the hypothesis of trivial action on homology in Theorem 1.1, to extend the n I n~ result to S x...x S . However, in attempting this, one is still utilizing the special properties of the spaces involved; a more appealing approach is to try to find a priori homological properties which__ must be satisfied by spaces which admit free (2Z/p ~)k or (s1)k-actlons, and which apply in a wide family of examples.
Elementary and Miscellaneous Analysis

We have attempted to make the title of this chapter broad enough to encompass all the results contained therein. More precisely, we have placed in this chapter those results connected with analysis that are either very elementary or do not seem to fit in any other chapter. It must be admitted that some entries in this chapter are not particularly interesting. Some entries are trivial or are well known to almost all mathematicians, and one may ask why Ramanujan recorded them. There are at least two rejoinders. First, the third notebook appears to contain findings from Ramanujan’s youth, possibly as early as 1903, in addition to theorems perhaps recorded in England. Second, the recording of such items as the definition of a limit and the connection between a function’s singularities and the radius of convergence of its power series evince the absence of theoretical analysis in Ramanujan’s training.
Accelerated Consensus with Linear Rate of Convergence

We are concerned with the problem of achieving average consensus on fixed, undirected and connected graphs with an unknown graph topology. Motivated by Nesterov's accelerated gradient algorithm [1] [2], we describe a completely distributed consensus protocol that has a rate of convergence of $\mathcal{O}(q^{2k}/k^{2})$ , where $k$ is the iteration number and $q is dependent on the second largest eigenvalue modulus of weighting matrix constructed on the graph. By casting the protocol into a linear time-variant system, we show a dimension-free worst case convergence rate bound, that is, a rate independent of the scale of the network. We also discuss several convergence rate bounds for different choices of the weighting matrix in the protocol.
Insights on arterial secondary flow structures and vortex dynamics gained using the MRV technique

Abstract The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the formation of arterial secondary flow structures due to physiological parameters such as geometry (curvature), pulsatility and harmonics of inflow conditions. The variation of the unsteady pressure gradient, inflow vorticity and wall shear stress, and its concomitant effect on the secondary flow morphology during the pulsatile flow cycle was investigated. In vitro experimental investigation of arterial secondary flow structures was performed using the magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) technique in a 180° curved artery model at Stanford University. MRV benefits include its being a tracer- particle-free technique and its ability to resolve a full, three-dimensional flow field. In this paper, we discuss the kinematics of vorticity in the following two regions of a 180° curved artery model; (i) the entrance- (or straight-inlet pipe) and (ii) the 180° curved pipe-region. We applied the Womersley solution in the entrance-region to ascertain the time-dependent pressure drop per unit length, in-plane vorticity and wall shear stress for a pulsatile, carotid artery-based flow rate waveform. We hypothesize that in the 180° curved pipe region, the time rate of change of circulation will discern the propensity of large-scale, deformed Dean-type vortices to separate into two vortices in pulsatile arterial flows.
Setting Wildfire Evacuation Triggers by Coupling Fire and Traffic Simulation Models: A Spatiotemporal GIS Approach

Wildfire evacuation triggers refer to prominent geographic features used in wildfire evacuation practices, and when a fire crosses a feature, an evacuation warning is issued to the communities or firefighters in the path of the fire. The existing wildfire trigger modeling methods consider evacuation time as an input from a decision maker and employ fire spread modeling and GIS to create a trigger buffer around a threatened asset. This paper substantially improves on previous methods by coupling fire and traffic simulation models to set triggers, which allows us to estimate evacuation time using a traffic simulation model rather than relying on expert judgment. Specifically, we propose a three-step method within a spatiotemporal GIS framework to couple these models and to evaluate the value of the generated trigger buffers. The first step uses traffic simulation to estimate the total evacuation time for a threatened community. The second step derives the cumulative probabilities for distinct evacuation times from multiple simulations and generates corresponding probability-based trigger buffers. In the last step, we evaluate the value of the generated buffers by coupling fire and traffic simulation models to examine the spatial configurations of fire perimeters and evacuation traffic. A case study of Julian, California is used to test the proposed method. The results from two evacuation scenarios with different travel demand indicate that a larger trigger buffer (more lead time) will be needed for higher levels of evacuation travel demand. For example, the time required to guarantee that 95% of the evacuating residents arrive at the safe area as a fire approaches a community is estimated at 160 min for one scenario but 292 min if the travel demand is doubled. The resulting framework advances the dynamic representation of evacuation traffic in wildfires and improves our understanding of wildfire evacuation timing and decision making. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the proposed method, as well as future research directions.
Looking at Nitrogenase: Insights from Modern Structural Approaches

Nitrogenase, the primary biological source of fixed nitrogen, has been studied by various biochemical and biophysical methods to determine the mechanism of nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Previously, structural studies have contributed to determining the arrangement and identity of the unique metallocofactors of the as-isolated nitrogenase enzyme. Due to the multi-protein, dynamic nature of catalysis in nitrogenase, structurally capturing intermediates is not trivial. Recently, we have developed methods for preparing crystallographic samples of nitrogenase from active assay mixtures. The “out-of-assay” approach has yielded structures of small molecules bound to the active site cofactor, revealing an unexpected rearrangement of the belt sulfur atoms. The activity-based methods provide a framework for accessing non-resting states of the cofactor and introduce new questions surrounding the controlled binding and release of substrates. In the following, we discuss recent structural advances in the field and the novel directions for future activity-based research.
Abstract WP503: Your House or Mine: Where to Do Stroke Imaging for Thrombectomy Decision?

Introduction: Thrombectomy is a standard of care for eligible patients, yet there are many systems of care challenges associated with where the advanced imaging is done. The goal is to always selec...
Stratified planning

Most planning problems have strong structures. They can be decomposed into subdomains with causal dependencies. The idea of exploiting the domain decomposition has motivated previous work such as hierarchical planning and factored planing. However, these algorithms require extensive backtracking and lead to few efficient general-purpose planners. On the other hand, heuristic search has been a successful approach to automated planning. The domain decomposition of planning problems, unfortunately, is not directly and fully exploited by heuristic search. We propose a novel and general framework to exploit domain decomposition. Based on a structure analysis on the SAS+ planning formalism, we stratify the sub-domains of a planning problem into dependency layers. By recognizing the stratification of a planning structure, we propose a space reduction method that expands only a subset of executable actions at each state. This reduction method can be combined with state-space search, allowing us to simultaneously employ the strength of domain decomposition and high-quality heuristics. We prove that the reduction preserves completeness and optimality of search and experimentally verify its effectiveness in space reduction.
The Cauchy problem for the 1-D Gurevich-Zybin system

In this paper, we prove well-posedness of the one dimensional Gurevich-Zybin system in Besov spaces Bp,rs. This will imply the existence and uniqueness of solutions in the aforementioned spaces along with the continuity of the data-to-solution map, provided that the initial data belong to Bp,rs. We also establish persistence properties of solutions by showing that strong solutions to the Gurevich-Zybin system decay at infinity in the spatial variable, provided that the initial data do. Furthermore, it is shown that the system exhibits finite speed of propagation in the sense that if the initial data are endowed with compact support, then the solution carries this support along particle trajectories. As a concluding note, we discuss blow-up criterion for solutions.
Magnetic and Optical Study of Nematic Liquid Crystal E7 Mixed Fe 3 O 4 Ferrofluid

The magnetic and optical properties of suspension of ferrofluid (FF)-based spherical Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in E7 nematic liquid crystal (NLC) matrix have been investigated experimentally in an isotropic phase. The ferronematic liquid crystal (FNLC) mixture exhibits a uniform molecular interaction under an externally applied magnetic field as low as 2 kOe. While the pure NLC shows the expected positive birefringence behavior, the FNLC mixture shows an improvement in tunability with mainly a negative birefringence behavior. The magnetic measurements of samples, including the magnetization curve, hysteresis loop, and pertinent parameters, are carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The optical properties of samples within the visible spectral range of 380–900 nm are investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) device. The results and analysis of magnetic measurements using VSM device show initial magnetic susceptibility of $2.03\times 10^{-6}$ , $8.25\times 10^{-5}$ , $9.85\times 10^{-4}$ , and $3.38\times 10^{-2}$ for FLC0, FLC1, FLC2, and FLC3 samples, respectively. The analysis of SE data shows ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices $n_{\mathrm {o}}$ and $n_{\mathrm {e}}$ of FNLCs samples from 1.85 to 1.67 and from 1.73 to 1.40, respectively.
Measuring Intrapersonal Skills and Proposing a Methodology for Improving Students ‘Academic Performance at a Japanese College of Technology

This research aims to relate intrapersonal skills including self-awareness, perseverance, self-efficacy and goal setting to the academic performance of a college of technology year 2 students. Two questionnaires were prepared to define the reasons for low average scores on the term final exam in Physics and Chemistry course. 102 students participated in the self-efficacy and post-exam questionnaires to improve their self-awareness and metacognitive skills. A methodology was later proposed to help the failing students to recognize their intrapersonal skills' weaknesses and work towards a better academic performance.
Analysis on the immune effect of influenza A (H1N1)split-virus vaccine

2009年甲型H1N1流感的流行引起了广泛重视,接种疫苗是预防流感流行、降低死亡率和病死率的最有效方法[1],本研究通过比较不同人群甲型H1N1抗体水平变化趋势,初步评估甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的免疫效果. 1.对象与方法: (1)研究对象:2009年11月、12月、2010年2月,在江苏省随机选择甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种人群(免疫人群),连续采集同一批人群(共281人)免疫前、免疫后1个月及3个月的血清标本(排除季节性流感疫苗接种者和接种前1个月内有流感样症状者);连续采集甲型H1N1流感确诊病例(发病时间为2009年10月15日至11月15日,经RT-PCR检测确诊为甲型H1N1流感病毒感染[1])同一组病例发病2周内(107例)、发病后1个月(77例)及3个月(52例)的血清标本(排除甲型H1N1流感疫苗和季节性流感疫苗接种者),选择同时期自然人群作为背景资料。
Statistical Bootstrapping for Uncertainty Estimation in Off-Policy Evaluation

In reinforcement learning, it is typical to use the empirically observed transitions and rewards to estimate the value of a policy via either model-based or Q-fitting approaches. Although straightforward, these techniques in general yield biased estimates of the true value of the policy. In this work, we investigate the potential for statistical bootstrapping to be used as a way to take these biased estimates and produce calibrated confidence intervals for the true value of the policy. We identify conditions - specifically, sufficient data size and sufficient coverage - under which statistical bootstrapping in this setting is guaranteed to yield correct confidence intervals. In practical situations, these conditions often do not hold, and so we discuss and propose mechanisms that can be employed to mitigate their effects. We evaluate our proposed method and show that it can yield accurate confidence intervals in a variety of conditions, including challenging continuous control environments and small data regimes.
Accounting for Meso- or Micro-Level Effects When Estimating Models Using City-Level Crime Data: Introducing a Novel Imputation Technique

Criminological scholars have long been interested in how macro-level characteristics of cities, counties, or metropolitan areas are related to levels of crime. The standard analytic approach in this literature aggregates constructs of interest, including crime rates, to the macro geographic units and estimates regression models, but this strategy ignores possible sub-city-level processes that occur simultaneously. One solution uses multilevel data of crime in meso-level units within a large number of cities; however, such data is very difficult and time intensive to collect. We propose an alternative approach which utilizes insights from existing literature on meso-level processes along with meso-level socio-demographic measures in cities to impute crime data from the city to the smaller geographic units. This strategy allows researchers to estimate full multilevel models that estimate the effects of macro-level processes while controlling for sub-city-level factors. We demonstrate that the strategy works as expected on a sample of 91 cities with meso-level data, and also works well when estimating the multilevel model on a sample of cities different from the imputation model, or even in a different time period. The results demonstrate that existing studies aggregated to macro units can yield considerably different (and therefore potentially problematic) results when failing to account for meso-level processes.