cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Demand for Money Market Mutual Funds

As discussed in previous chapters, the Investment Company Act was designed to protect investors from financial abuse of their interests by advisers of mutual funds. One important dimension of the perceived need for such regulation was the determination of the fees charged by mutual fund advisers. It has been suggested that advisers are in the enviable position of being able to set fees that are excessively high with little or no risk of driving their customers away. Underlying this view is the perception that the nature of the contract between the investment adviser and the mutual fund denies investors the opportunity to replace the adviser if his behavior is unacceptable. This view assumes implicitly that mutual fund shareholders are either unable or unlikely to discipline the adviser by shopping around for the most attractive place to invest their money.
In need of reassurance

In our quest to ascertain whether the situations underlying 1 and 2 Thessalonians are compatible, we have first turned our attention to 1 Thessalonians and specifically the eschatological section of the letter, 4:13–5:11. The hypothesis we formulated concerning the eschatological problems underlying 1 Thess. 4:13–5:11 must, of course, satisfactorily accommodate the data from the rest of the letter. In this chapter we shall examine the remainder of 1 Thessalonians to see whether and how it confirms and develops or contradicts our conclusions regarding the situation reflected in 4:13–5:11. Specific features of the text confirming our hypothesis regarding the eschatological situation 1 Thess. 1:10b and c In verse 10b and c there is a notable shift from the Greeks' report concerning events at Thessalonica (verses 9–10a) to dogmatic statements relating to the eschaton, the second-person plural being replaced by the first-person plural. It is worth asking why. Although many claim that verses 9–10 constitute a largely pre-formed, ‘pre-Pauline’ Jewish-Christian or Christianised Jewish tradition, whether missionary sermon, baptismal hymn or credal statement, this claim is built on weak foundations, as Hooker has demonstrated. She rightly concludes, ‘There are one or two unusual phrases, one unique verb – but any passage in Paul could easily provide as many oddities. The Pauline material we have available is too scanty for us to be able to conclude that certain words and phrases are non-Pauline.’
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism

Over the past two decades, normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) has emerged as a new subset of primary hyperparathyroidism which, after exclusion of secondary hyperparathyroidism, is characterized by consistent normocalcemia with elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Population-based epidemiologic data lack reproducibility and generalizability. NPHPT has primarily been diagnosed in subjects referred for evaluation of symptoms related to this metabolic disease. However, an asymptomatic phase of the disease does appear to occur in the general population, suggesting that primary hyperparathyroidism is a spectrum that encompasses both normocalcemia and hypercalcemia that occurs in parallel with, but is not necessarily linked to, silent and symptomatic disease. In the current absence of good evidence, management recommendations for asymptomatic PHPT cannot be applied to patients with NPHPT.
Single center experience with prostate cancer in lung transplantation

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the natural history of prostate cancer post lung transplantation and the general recommendation is to have a 2 year cancer free interval prior to lung transplantation. METHOD: This is a retrospective review of 418 lung transplants performed at our center since 2007. In 2013 our institution9s adopted a protocol to treat prostate cancer and list the patient for lung transplantation without a cancer free wait period. RESULTS: 4 patients were transplanted after being treated for prostate cancer without a 2 year wait period, one of whom was transplanted without receiving curative treatment. 3 other patients developed prostate cancer after lung transplant. All patients transplanted with prostate cancer had low grade and localized disease. The immunosuppression was not modified. The results are summarized in Table 1 CONCLUSION: In our experience localized and low grade prostate cancer has acceptable short term survival following lung transplantation even when the cancer has occurred recently. We plan on reporting our long term experience in the future. Prostate cancer developing post lung transplant can be managed with good outcomes.
Verificationism and its Failure to Allow for Error and Misrepresentation

Since we are rejecting non-naturalistic views of meaning, the most obvious approach would seem to be an empiricist one, particularly, a verificationist one, which would focus on finding a naturalistic theory of meaning based on experience. Of course, it is both unnecessary and impractical here to go over the entire long history of verificationism and the major movement that subscribed to it, Logical Positivism. So I will keep us focused on meaning, and especially error. But we will need to examine some details of verificationist theories of meaning and see how they account for error. This presents difficulties in exposition. It is unnecessary and even tedious to present the details of famous arguments in Quine, Davidson, and Wittgenstein to those readers who are familiar with Positivism and the criticisms of it. However, in my experience, we can no longer assume that all philosophers, even philosophers of mind, automatically know the details and history of Positivism and chapter and verse of Quine and Davidson. To those who do not, especially those non-philosophers (in psychology, cognitive science, linguistics, and AI) who could benefit from the book, this will be essential background. My argument will be that the whole history of Logical Positivism exhibits a battle over error and misrepresentation, and the ultimate result is failure to account for it. To make this case, I must lead the reader through verificationist positions on meaning, and show how verificationism repeatedly undermines the possibility of error, and how Quine and Davidson and others attempt modifications of verificationism to allow for error. The conclusion will be that the verificationist (and behaviorist) approach to meaning fails to give a satisfactory account of content, and, in particular, fails to allow it to be possible to have error, false belief, and misrepresentation.
Education and Research for Infrastructure and Public Works

By clarifying roles through partnerships, the neglect of education and research in policy studies of infrastructure can be remedied, and the public works profession can develop a clear vision of it...
Process Synthesis, Design, and Control: A Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Framework

Abstract A mixed-integer optimal control framework for analyzing the interaction of process synthesis, design, and control is presented in this paper. The approach integrates the economic design and dynamic controllability into a multiobjective Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Problem (MIOCP). The problem formulation includes dynamic models and incorporates both discrete and continuous decisions. An algorithm for the solution of the MIOCP is developed based on the principles of Generalized Benders Decomposition for mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. The algorithm is used to determine the trade-offs between the economic design and dynamic controllability of a reactor-separator-recycle system.
Proceduralization of urban models

Architectural models have always played an important role in computer graphics, virtual environments, and urban planning; due to the size, detail and complexity of such models. Creating detailed and realistic buildings needs time and extensive coding as well as significant domain expertise. Observing the content creation problem and the challenges of procedural modeling, we identified and developed a generalized proceduralization framework, that converts existing 3D urban models into an easy to manipulate procedural form. Our proceduralization framework for urban spaces allows re-use of existing models in various formats by first conducting shape processing methods to find and exploit the repetitions and similarities to reveal the hidden high-level structural information, and then by using grammar discovery methods on those components to extract a representative grammar of the model. Additionally, we have proposed applications of such procedural representations, including completion of point cloud models and structure-aware synthesis tools for procedural editing.
Retroperitoneal Actinomycosis: A Rare Sequela of an Infected Obstructing Ureteral Stone.

Abstract Background: Actinomycosis is a condition in which Actinomyces, a normal component of the oral and gastrointenstial flora, becomes pathogenic in the setting of damaged tissue, leading to widespread tissue destruction across fascial planes. Prior literature describing this condition is rare, particularly cases involving the retroperitoneum. In this study, we report a case of retroperitoneal actinomycosis caused by an infected, obstructing ureteral stone. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old woman with a history of substance abuse, malnutrition, and gastric bypass presented to the emergency room with a 3-week history of abdominal pain and fevers. Workup revealed a 9 mm obstructing right ureteral stone with associated perinephric fluid collection that was concerning for forniceal rupture. There was left hydronephrosis and a 3 mm lower pole renal calculus as well. The patient underwent emergent decompression where bilateral duplicated collecting systems were identified, requiring stenting of all four moie...
Thermal Infrared Polarimetric Sensor for Automated Detection of Oil Spills

One of the most effective ways of minimizing oil spill impact is early detection. Effective early detection requires automated detection that relies as little as possible on an operator and can ope...
Integrated optical phased arrays for quasi-Bessel-beam generation.

Integrated optical phased arrays for generating quasi-Bessel beams are proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a CMOS-compatible platform. Owing to their elongated central beams, Bessel beams have applications in a range of fields, including multiparticle trapping and laser lithography. In this Letter, continuous Bessel theory is manipulated to formulate the phase and amplitude conditions necessary for generating free-space-propagating Bessel–Gauss beams using on-chip optical phased arrays. Discussion of the effects of select phased array parameters on the generated beam’s figures of merit is included. A one-dimensional splitter-tree-based phased array architecture is modified to enable arbitrary passive control of the array’s element phase and amplitude distributions. This architecture is used to experimentally demonstrate on-chip quasi-Bessel-beam generation with a ∼14 mm Bessel length and ∼30 μm power full width at half maximum.
Framework for Evaluating Inpatient Portals: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective

Inpatient portals - a Personal Health Record (PHR) tethered to an Electronic Health Record (EHR) that is available to hospitalized patients - are the next wave of health information technology (HIT) implementation, and are rapidly being adopted in hospitals. However, their novelty has hindered research efforts to determine best practices in this area, and as a result, little information exists concerning these tools. The implementation of Epic’s MyChart Bedside (MCB) across a large academic multi-hospital health system allows the development of an evaluation framework to study these issues. We selected the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model to guide the development of a logic model for evaluation. In this paper we present the elements of this model - work system, processes, outcomes - supported by existing literature and experience from implementation at our site. The theoretically informed framework we present can help researchers identify important perspectives in evaluation...
Convergent interpolatory quadrature rules and orthogonal polynomials of varying measures

Let (P n ) be a sequence of polynomials such that P n (x) > 0 for x ∈ [− 1, 1] and \(\lim \limits _{n\to \infty }\text {deg}(P_{n})/n = 1\). Let q n be the nth monic orthogonal polynomial with respect to \( {P}_{n}^{-1} \) d μ, where μ is a measure on [− 1, 1] that is regular in the sense of Stahl and Totik. We prove that the interpolatory quadrature rule with nodes at the zeros of q n is convergent with respect to μ provided that the zeros of P n lie outside a certain curve surrounding [− 1, 1].
Education Policy in the United States and Abroad: What We Can Learn from Each Other

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the education policy in the United States and in other countries. Most of the comparisons in the chapter involve Germany, Japan, and the United States, all of which were examined in the case study project of the third international mathematics and science study (TIMSS), a project that involved interviewing hundreds of students, parents, teachers, and educational administrators and observing scores of classrooms in several locations within each of the three countries. The comparative studies show that the Japanese, whose students' test scores exceed those of German and U.S. students in mathematics and science tests of TIMSS, also demonstrate more of the positive attributes than do members of the other two countries. Japan is characterized by the high standards and great importance it places on education and by its highly involved parents, versatile and excellent teachers, and highly motivated students. Such conditions exist in some sections of the United States, especially in advantaged neighborhoods, and in Germany, notably in many of the gymnasien, but for the most part they share fewer of the positive attributes described than does Japan.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction With Acellular Dermal Allograft for the Treatment of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Short-Term Clinical Outcomes and the Radiographic Parameter of Superior Capsular Distance.

Purpose This outcome analysis presents 88 consecutive shoulders presenting with irreparable rotator cuff tears that we treated with arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using an acellular dermal allograft. We also present the concept of superior capsular distance to quantitatively measure the decreased distance present upon restoration of superior capsular integrity. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients treated with arthroscopic SCR with a minimum 12-month follow-up. Outcome analysis was performed via an internet-based outcome-tracking system to evaluate visual analog scale (VAS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. Radiographic analysis of anteroposterior radiographs analyzed acromiohumeral interval and superior capsular distance. Digital dynamometric strength and functional range of motion assessments were also obtained. The main inclusion criteria for patients in this analysis was all patients who underwent superior capsular reconstruction during the time period of this report. Results Eighty-six patients with an average age of 59.4 years presented with massive rotator cuff tears (Cofield >5 cm). Outcome data revealed improvement in VAS (4.0-1.5), and ASES (52-82) scores at 1 year ( P = .005). Radiographic analysis showed increase in acromiohumeral interval (mean 7.1 mm preoperatively to mean 9.7 mm at 1 year) ( P = .049) and superior capsular distance (mean 52.9 mm preoperatively to mean 46.2 mm at 1 year) ( P = .011). Strength improved significantly (forward flexion/abduction/external rotation of 4.8/4.1/7.7 lb preoperatively to 9.8/9.2/12.3 lb at 1 year) as well as range of motion (forward flexion/abduction of 120°/103° preoperatively to 160°/159° at 1 year) ( P = .044/ P = .007/ P = .02). At follow-up, 90% of patients were satisfied. Conclusions This analysis reveals that arthroscopic SCR with acellular dermal allograft has been successful in decreasing pain and improving function in this patient subset. Radiographic analysis has also shown a consistent and lasting decrease in superior capsular distance and increase in acromiohumeral interval, indicating maintenance of superior capsular stability. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series.
The Cardiometabolic Burden of Self-Perceived Obesity: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Adults.

Emerging evidence has shown that self-perception of overweight/obese status is associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic outcomes, above and beyond actual body weight. Given the lack of research among Asian populations, we examined the association between weight perception and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risks among Koreans. Data from the 2010–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including women (N = 12,181) and men (N = 9,448) aged 19–65 years, were analyzed. Weight status perception was measured by participants’ self-evaluation of their body size (“very/slightly obese,” “normal,” and “very/slightly thin”). Overall, 23.2% of women and 28.7% of men had MetS. Our cross-sectional multilevel logistic analyses showed a significant positive association between self-perceived obesity (vs. perceived normal weight) and MetS, independent of BMI and sociodemographic/behavioral/medical conditions, with a stronger association detected among men (OR = 1.38, p < 0.05) than women (OR = 1.22, p < 0.05), confirmed by a statistically significant interaction. Additionally, perceived obesity was associated with high blood pressure (OR = 1.27, p < 0.05) and high triglycerides (OR = 1.38, p < 0.05) among men and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.15, p < 0.05) among women. While further prospective research is needed, our findings suggest that perception of being obese may be an unfavorable indicator of cardiometabolic health among Koreans regardless of actual body weight.
Impacts of Water Input Manipulations on Fine Root Production and Mortality in a Mature Hardwood Forest

In order to examine the below ground response of a mature upland hardwood forest in the southeastern U.S., to increases and decreases in water inputs, the gross production, mortality, and net production of fine roots were examined over the first and third years of a long-term water manipulation experiment (Throughfall Displacement Experiment). Treatments involved a 33% decrease (DRY), 33% increase (WET), and ambient (AMB) levels of throughfall to the forest floor, begun in July, 1993. Video images of roots appearing on minirhizotron faces installed on both upper and lower slopes were recorded biweekly to a depth of 90 cm from April through October of 1994 and of 1996. Comparisons were made between treatments in amounts of new root elongation, root mortality, and calculated net root production. Minirhizotron observations during 1994 growing season, immediately following winter 1994 installation, revealed a strong effect of installation disturbance and were therefore not considered valid reflections of the response of the stand to the treatments. The 1996 data, on the other hand, exhibited absence of installation biases inherent in 1994 data because of a longer period since treatment initiation (2 2/3 yr vs. 8 mths), and favorable root growth conditions in all treatments during a greater portion of the year. The 1996 data were, therefore, considered realistic measures of below ground treatment responses. During 1996, net root production at 0-30 cm depth, at the upper slope positions, was significantly greater in DRY than in WET and AMB. Net root production was also greater at the lower slope position, but not significantly so. Treatment differences were the result of gross root production, as patterns of mortality did not differ across treatments. Nor were there significant treatment differences at depths below 30 cm. Whether trees in DRY produced more roots to replace root biomass lost during a previous drought year, or whether a new root:shoot ratio was beginning to develop in response to treatments, will require observations from the response of the stand in future years to be determined.
Kreisprozesse der Kolben-Verbrennungsmotoren

Als Brennstoff sei das im Beispiel 3 angefuhrte Kraftgas mit einem Verhaltnis der wirklichen zur theoretischen Luft von k = 2gewahlt. Die dort berechneten Werte haben zur moglichst vollstandigen Berucksichtigung aller Verhaltnisse eine Berichtigung zu erfahren, indem die Ladung durch die Euckstande des vorangehenden Arbeitsprozesses in ihrem Wert vermindert wird. Schatzt man die Euckstande auf 10 v. H. des Ladevolumens, so vermehren sich die Verbrennungsprodukte auf 1 cbm Kraftgas um diesen Betrag. Es ist also zu 3,12 cbm noch 0,31 zuzuzahlen, damit wachst die Zahl der kg/Mol auf 3,43/24,35 = 0,141, wodurch sich die Warmetonung auf $$H = 1230/0,141 = 8740\,WE$$ vermindert. Die Ruckstande verkleinern auch die Konstante b, doch in so geringem Maβe, daβ dieser Einfluβ unberucksichtigt bleiben darf.
Evaluation and management of defecatory dysfunction in women.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the current recommendations for the evaluation and management of defecatory dysfunction in women and highlight key relationships between defecatory dysfunction and other pelvic floor disorders, including pelvic organ prolapse, fecal incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS Conservative measures including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and biofeedback continue to be the mainstay of treatment with newer therapies emerging. Physiologic testing and/or radiologic imaging should be considered for those who fail conservative therapy or are clinically complex. Surgical management is appropriate for carefully selected patients with anatomic causes of defecatory dysfunction. Further research is needed on surgical outcomes and patient expectations. SUMMARY Pelvic floor disorders, including defecatory dysfunction, have a significant societal impact and are highly prevalent among women. Given its potential complexity, a broader focus is needed when evaluating women with defecatory symptoms and effective treatment may require multidisciplinary care.
60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Pathloss Measurements in Boise Airport

This paper presents a large scale fading channel model at the 60 GHz band. This model is based on the measurement campaign that our team conducted at Boise Airport and Boise State University. The close-in reference path loss and floating-intercept path loss models with both statistical and stochastic approaches are investigated for these environments. The measurements were collected at several different locations in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios using high gain directional antenna. The path loss exponent and shadowing factor are determined based on the measurement results and compared with recent work at this frequency. Both the stochastic gradient descent algorithm and the statistical least-square technique are used to analyze the floating-intercept path loss model. The results show that the path loss exponents in the outdoor scenarios are higher than the indoor environment due the RF noise caused by the sunny and dry climate in the Boise area. Finally, a good agreement is found between the measurement results and the prior work results in presented in the literature.
MADEx: A System for Detecting Medications, Adverse Drug Events, and Their Relations from Clinical Notes

Early detection of adverse drug events (ADEs) from electronic health records is an important, challenging task to support pharmacovigilance and drug safety surveillance. A well-known challenge to use clinical text for detection of ADEs is that much of the detailed information is documented in a narrative manner. Clinical natural language processing (NLP) is the key technology to extract information from unstructured clinical text. We present a machine learning-based clinical NLP system—MADEx—for detecting medications, ADEs, and their relations from clinical notes. We developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model using a long short-term memory (LSTM) strategy for clinical name entity recognition (NER) and compared it with baseline conditional random fields (CRFs). We also developed a modified training strategy for the RNN, which outperformed the widely used early stop strategy. For relation extraction, we compared support vector machines (SVMs) and random forests on single-sentence relations and cross-sentence relations. In addition, we developed an integrated pipeline to extract entities and relations together by combining RNNs and SVMs. MADEx achieved the top-three best performances (F1 score of 0.8233) for clinical NER in the 2018 Medication and Adverse Drug Events (MADE1.0) challenge. The post-challenge evaluation showed that the relation extraction module and integrated pipeline (identify entity and relation together) of MADEx are comparable with the best systems developed in this challenge. This study demonstrated the efficiency of deep learning methods for automatic extraction of medications, ADEs, and their relations from clinical text to support pharmacovigilance and drug safety surveillance.
Reversible activation of glutamate transport in rat brain glia by protein kinase C and an okadaic acid-sensitive phosphoprotein phosphatase.

High-affinity L-glutamate (GLU) transport is an important regulator of excitatory amino acid (EAA) concentrations in brain extracellular fluid and may play a key role in excitatory synaptic transmission. In view of evidence that EAA transporters (EAAT) are heterogenous and contain consensus sites for phosphorylation, this investigation was undertaken to contrast the effects of transporter phosphorylation in fractions derived from glia and neurons (synaptosomes) of the adult rat forebrain. Treatment with phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), increased the maximal rate of GLU transport in glial plasmalemmal vesicles by greater than 50 percent (237 ± 18 vs. 365 ± 27 pmol/mg protein/90s, p < 0.05) but caused no change in synaptosomes. The effect by PDBu was concentration and time-dependent and was inhibited completely by the PKC inhibitor calphostin C. Inhibition of serine-threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases with okadaic acid produced similar effects which were not additive with PDBu. Together, these results demonstrate that glial EAAT can be regulated by multiple phosphorylation processes.
The impact of an introductory animal handling course on undergraduate students who lack previous livestock handling experience.

A majority of animal science undergraduates have limited livestock handling experience when they come to college. To address this issue, a course based on livestock handling, safety and welfare was implemented in the Department of Animal Science at Iowa State University. This study aimed to 1) determine if the course was effective at improving the comfort level of a student while handling livestock and 2) to identify demographic factors that contributed to student performance in the course. The course was delivered as an 8-week, lecture-laboratory format. Each semester, a pre-course survey and pre-course exam were administered during the first class period (N=87). The survey collected self-reported demographic information, prior livestock handling experience, and comfort level by specie. The exam tested the prior knowledge of each student. At the semester conclusion, a post-course survey and post-course exam were given to determine if the course was effective at improving comfort and knowledge levels of each student, respectively (N=75). Students from farm backgrounds outscored urban students by 5.56 ± 2.96% on the pre-course exam (P=0.06). Cumulative grade point average at the time of the course (GPA) had a role in the pre-exam score (P=0.003) while gender, semester, involvement in 4H or FFA, and high school or collegiate judging were not factors in the pre-exam score (P>0.10). Background and student rank did not have an effect on the post-course exam score (P=0.96 and P=0.58, respectively). As expected, GPA was significant when fit as a covariate (P<0.001) in the post-course exam model. Upon course completion, students reported that their comfort level while handling livestock had increased for all livestock species. The largest increases were observed with poultry (37.8 to 66.9%) and dairy (49.3 to 84.3%). Of the 75 students polled, 96% felt that the hands-on approach was beneficial at reinforcing lecture material, and 100% reported that they were more likely to voluntarily interact with livestock inside or outside of the classroom setting after course completion. In conclusion, some demographic attributes play a role in student performance at the beginning of the course, but these factors are no longer significant after completion of the course. In addition, the level of comfort with and knowledge of livestock handling, safety and welfare all improved, which shows that the course was successful at achieving the intended learning outcomes.
"Whoa. You Speak Mexican?": Latina/o High School Students' Sense of Belonging in Advanced Placement and Honors Classes.

AbstractThis qualitative study explored Latina/o students’ sense of belonging in majority White and Asian Advanced Placement (AP) and honors classes in a diverse suburban high school. Using self-de...
A comparison of seismic saltbody interpretation via neural networks at sample and pattern levels

Saltbodies are important subsurface structures that have significant implications for hydrocarbon accumulation and sealing in petroleum reservoirs, and accurate saltbody imaging and delineation is now greatly facilitated with the availability of threedimensional seismic surveying. However, with the growing demand for larger survey coverage and higher imaging resolution, the size of seismic data is increasing dramatically. Correspondingly, manual saltbody interpretation fails to offer an efficient solution, particularly in exploration areas of complicated salt intrusion history. Recently, artificial intelligence is attracting great attention from geoscientists who desire to utilize the popular machine learning technologies for evolving the interpretational tools capable of mimicking an experienced interpreter’s intelligence. This study first implements two popular machine learning tools, the multi-layer perceptron and the convolutional neural network, for delineating seismic saltbodies at sample and pattern levels, respectively, then compares their performance through applications to the synthetic SEAM seismic volume, and moreover tentatively investigates what contributes to the better convolutional neural network delineation. Specifically, the multi-layer perceptron scheme is capable of efficiently utilizing an interpreter’s knowledge by selecting, pre-conditioning and integrating a set of seismic attributes that best highlight the target saltbodies, whereas the convolutional neural network scheme makes it possible for saltbody delineation directly from seismic amplitude and thus significantly reduces the dependency on attribute selection from interpreters. It is concluded that the better performance from the convolutional neural network scheme results from two factors. First, the convolutional neural network builds the mapping relationship between the seismic signals and the saltbodies using the original seismic amplitude instead of manually selected seismic attributes, so that the negative impact of using less representative attributes is virtually eliminated. Second and more importantly, the convolutional neural network defines, learns and identifies the saltbodies by utilizing local seismic reflection patterns, so that the seismic noises and processing artefacts of distinct patterns are effectively identified and excluded.
A perspective on God’s view of human diversity: A missiological application of joy in diversity:

This article considers a missiological perspective that emphasizes God’s creation of and joy in human diversity. Beginning with a concrete experience of personal challenge, four questions are explo...
Evaluation of Inhaled Tobramycin in Early Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis.

Objective Early antibiotic therapy has the potential to eradicate initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and postpone chronic infection. There are limited data evaluating the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are younger than 1 year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of inhaled tobramycin in early eradication of P aeruginosa in infants with CF. Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients with CF younger than 1 year with first time infection with P aeruginosa. The primary outcome was the frequency of P aeruginosa eradication. Secondary outcomes were sustained culture negativity at 12 and 18 months and safety assessments. Results Of 18 patients included in the study, 9 received inhaled tobramycin and an enteral fluoroquinolone and 9 received inhaled tobramycin alone. Microbiologic clearance of respiratory cultures was observed in 83% patients at end of therapy and 78% of patients at 1 month posttherapy. Eradication of P aeruginosa was observed in 56% of patients at 6 months posttreatment with sustained culture negativity observed in 39% of patients up to 18 months. Conclusions Inhaled-tobramycin therapy is effective in early eradication of P aeruginosa infection and is well tolerated in infants younger than 1 year.
Enhancing membrane performance for CO2 capture from flue gas with ultrahigh MW polyvinylamine

Abstract Membranes for post-combustion CO2 capture are required to have a high CO2 permeance due to the limited driving force. For facilitated transport membranes synthesized with polyvinylamine (PVAm), a defect-free selective layer of
The State of Anatomical Donation Programs Amidst the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Pandemic

The inclusion of human body dissection in anatomical science curricula has been described as a critical educational experience for the mastery of anatomical structures and concepts. To ensure that body donors are ethically acquired and suitable for anatomy education, Anatomical Donation Programs (ADPs) are tasked with the responsibility of acquiring body donors for basic and clinical science curricula. Considering the personal and institutional impact of SARS-CoV-2, a national survey was conducted to examine the current effect of the pandemic on ADP protocols, body donation, and the sustainability of ADPs in the United States (U.S.). Eighty-nine U.S. ADPs were identified and contacted for optional participation in a survey to assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on their programs. Survey data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Thirty-six ADPs (40.5% response rate) from the nine U.S. Divisions are represented in the survey results. Data were collected on ADP descriptions and demographics, SARS-CoV-2 impact on ADPs and protocols, and body donation and ADP sustainability. Almost all ADPs reported that the pandemic has affected their ADP operations in some way; however, the sustainability for the majority of ADPs appears likely and donor availability remains stable due to a proportional decrease in body donations and body donor requests. As the long-term impact on ADPs has yet to be determined, the authors plan to reevaluate the lasting impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on body donation, ADP sustainability, and anatomical science education throughout the year 2021.
Development and calibration of a high-resolution model for the Gulf of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands: Implication for wave energy resource characterization

Abstract A high-resolution, unstructured Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model with a resolution of 200 m within 20 km of the coast was developed to provide a reliable setting for a long-term wave energy characterization of the Gulf of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. A thorough model parameter sensitivity analysis, as well as a calibration process for selecting the whitecapping dissipation formulation, were conducted. Sensitivity analyses for the simulation timestep and number of iterations highlighted the less-studied interplay between these parameters in SWAN, which can substantially affect simulation accuracy and cost and is vital for the next step long-term simulation of the wave energy resources. For the present study, a 3 min timestep and three iterations are optimum. The “Garden Sprinkling” effect and the cut-off frequency were also investigated. Using 36 directional bins and a larger cut-off frequency (1.0 Hz) enable the best agreement between the model simulation and the in situ wave observations. This subsequently leads to improved model skill and performance in resolving the observed International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) wave energy resource parameters that are highly non-linear functions of wave spectral moments.
Electromyographic Analyses of Trunk Musculature after Stroke: An Integrative Review.

Background: Observational and intervention studies examining trunk electromyographic (EMG) activity following stroke are underpowered and fail criteria for systematic reviews of randomized control ...
Pre-service Teachers’ Developing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Beliefs on the Use of Technology in the K-12 Mathematics Classroom: A Review of the Literature

In mathematics classrooms, technology allows students to reorganize and re-visualize concepts, yet many teachers are choosing not to use technology in their classrooms. This begs the question as to why technology is not being used: Do teachers lack the ability to use the technology, or do they not believe it is effective in the mathematics classroom? This review of literature examines the development of preservice teachers’ (PST’s) TPACK and changes in beliefs from PST preparation experiences. The findings of this review indicate that preservice teachers develop TPACK skills as they progress through the teacher education programs, which also lead to a more positive stance toward the use of technology for mathematics.
Epidemiology and Management of Emerging Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Beyond

Worldwide prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly increasing, primarily a result of antibiotic misuse in the medical community. Resistant infections involving the urinary tract are typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. When treating these infections, clinicians have few effective antimicrobials to choose from and many are associated with significant adverse effects. There are now situations when clinicians are tasked with managing infections from pan-resistant organisms; thus, it is of paramount importance that spread of resistance be controlled. This review discusses common gram-negative resistance classes, highlighting the mechanisms of resistance, risk factors, type of infections, treatment, and outcomes associated with each class.
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Fractionated Bacterial Systems: Effect of Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol was found to have a direct effect on the respiratory chain of Mycobacterium phlei cells grown in the presence of this drug. Analysis of the respiratory chain components revealed that the presence of chloramphenicol during growth resulted in a partial inhibition in the synthesis of the cytochromes. However, a stimulation in oxidative phosphorylation was observed with the cell-free extract of cells grown in the presence of chloramphenicol. The oxidation of succinate was found to be stimulated 20 to 130%, depending on the particular extract, whereas the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was found to be similar to that of extracts obtained from cells grown in the absence of the drug. Of particular interest was the finding that the cell-free extract of cells grown in the presence of the drug exhibited an increased level of phosphorylation (17 to 100%) when NADH was used as the electron donor. Chloramphenicol appears to affect a component of the respiratory chain between the flavoprotein and cytochrome c. Fractionation of the electron transport particles revealed an increased level of cytochrome b in the fractions which exhibited a stimulation in oxidative phosphorylation.
Some uses of the expenditure function in public finance: A comment

Abstract The purpose of this note is to correct an error in the presentation by Professors Diamond and McFadden of the application of the expenditure function to the analysis of lumpy public investments. In developing their investment criteria the authors attempt to present the same investment criterion two ways: one emphasizes the price vectors and the other emphasizes nonnumeraire quantity vectors before and after the project. However, because of an error in integration they actually present two different investment criteria. In this note it is shown that the two criteria correspond to Hicks' compensating variation and compensating surplus concepts of consumer surplus or benefits.
Stochastic Optimal Management of Perched Saline Aquifers in Irrigated Regions

Crops grown on the west side of California’s San Joaquin Valley, like those in many irrigated areas of the world, are afflicted with waterlogging and salinity due to high saline water tables. Survival of agriculture as an economically profitable and environmentally acceptable venture in these areas requires careful management of irrigation and drainage on a regional scale (Letey et al., 1986).
Unraveling Immune Privilege

J. W. Streilein discusses the concept of immune privilege, which protects from rejection tissues grafted to certain sites in the body. The differences between immune-privileged sites and immune-privileged tissues are illustrated by two recent papers implicating the cell surface protein FasL in immune privilege in the eye ( Science , [p. 1189][1] of this issue) and in the testis [D. Bellgrau et al ., Nature 377 , 630 (1995)]. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.270.5239.1189
Letter from the Wilderness

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 "; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:"";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-mirror-margins:yes; mso-facing-pages:yes;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} In a November 2006 Gamasutra article titled “We’re not listening: An Open Letter to Academic Game Researchers” John Hopson argues that much of the research into games by academics is not presented in a way likely to appeal to game developers and is largely irrelevant to their concerns. Hopson’s argument implicates humanities and many social science researchers producing speculative and descriptive research rather than more hard-edged technical and statistical research that can have an immediate impact on a game’s bottom line. While conceding Hopson’s point about the ineffectiveness of many academic communication norms, I argue that Hopson’s article is indicative not of problems with academic research into games as much as the position of game development toward the utility of academic research in general. After analyzing the assumptions underlying Hopson’s argument, I offer a schema that articulates several key types of research into games carried out by scholars with a primary background in the humanities and the contribution of each research approach to the game development process.
Development and Implementation of Guidelines for Dispersant Use: Regional Response Teams

Since 1978, dispersant use guidelines have been developed and implemented for regional response teams (RRTs) in standard federal Regions IX and X, to enhance the RRTs' ability to respond rapidly to requests to use dispersants. The guidelines define the data necessary to give approval. These data include physical, chemical, and biological parameters associated with spilled oil and dispersants. A decision to use dispersants is based on balancing the economic, social, and natural resource costs associated with oil spills. Damages expected from spills not treated with dispersants are compared to damages expected if the oil is treated. The objective of the guidelines is to help minimize the damage to natural resources. Specific criteria were developed by the RRTs as minimum standards for documentation of dispersant application, including the recording of dispersant type and application rates, visual observation of dispersant effectiveness, and monitoring environmental impacts. This paper summarizes the progress of two RRTs in responding to requests for dispersant use, developing dispersant guidelines, and recommending minimum standards for documentation. Physical, chemical, and biological factors used in the decision process are also reviewed. Finally, the paper discusses the importance of resource protection and monitoring.
TEM lattice imaging of the nanostructure of early-growth sputter-deposited MoS2 solid lubricant films

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the nanostructure of sputter-deposited MoS2 films; these films represent the early stages of growth under deposition conditions that produce a zone 2 columnar morphology. Analysis reveals that the early-growth film morphology consists of anisotropic (plate-like) islands in which the (001) basal planes are generally perpendicular to the substrate (forming “edge islands”) or parallel to the substrate (forming “basal islands”). Within the context of an active-sites nucleation model, localized regions of the substrate surface can lack the active sites needed to induce edge orientation. The edge islands evolve into the zone 2 morphology, shadowing and inhibiting the continued growth of the basal islands. Basal plane (002) lattice image curvature and kinking were observed in the edge islands. Dark-field analysis showed intensity variations within the edge islands. The edge island plates appear to be imperfect crystals of aligned basal planes. These crystals can bend, kink, or twist, apparently because of variations in local growth conditions. The ability of crystal growth to deviate has implications for the morphological evolution of thicker films. The ability of the MoS2 crystal lattice to bend supports the idea that localized deviation can occur during sliding wear.