cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensification of medical management in type 2 diabetes: A real-world look at primary care practice.

Abstract Aims To determine which drugs were selected to be added to metformin for patients on dual anti-diabetic medication in the management of type 2 diabetes and to assess HbA1c and BMI outcomes at 6 and 12 months after the initiation of a second anti-diabetic medication. Methods A retrospective chart review of electronic medical record data. Second line anti-diabetic medication added to metformin between 7/1/2012 to 8/31/2017 in the primary care practice in Fairview Health System in Minnesota. Results 3413 patients met the selection criteria of type 2 diabetes, 18 years and older, dual anti-diabetes therapy with metformin being the first prescribed. The most frequently prescribed medications added to metformin were sulfonylurea and basal insulin accounting for 51% (1724/3413) and 37% (1268/3413) respectively. Mean HbA1c reductions at 6 and 12 months among 2134 patients with baseline and follow-up HbA1c data respectively were: GLP-1 agonist (−1.3, P Patients prescribed a GLP-1 agonist had a higher mean baseline BMI (BMI =40.3 kg/m2) and this was the only group with a statistically significant BMI reduction from baseline at 6 and 12 months (−1.5, P = 0.049 and −1.8, P = 0.041). Conclusion and relevance Type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulfonylurea, basal insulin and GLP-1 agonist as an add on to metformin had significant reductions in HbA1c. Patients prescribed a GLP-1 agonist had a significant BMI reduction.
Perceived Psychological Control in Early Adolescence Predicts Lower Levels of Adaptation into Mid-Adulthood

This study examined perceived parental psychological control in early adolescence as a critical stressor likely to be associated with lower levels of adaptation into mid-adulthood. A diverse sample of 184 adolescents was followed from age 13 through 32 to assess predictions to adult adaptation. Perceived parental psychological control at age 13 predicted relative decreases in observed support, lower likelihood of being in a romantic relationship, and lower academic attainment (after accounting for grade point average at baseline) by age 32. Many outcomes were mediated by lower levels of psychosocial maturity and peer acceptance in mid-adolescence. Overall, results suggest that perceived parental psychological control in early adolescence potentially undermines autonomy so as to lead to less favorable outcomes well into adulthood.
Investigating the relationship between olfactory acuity, disgust, and mating strategies

Abstract Although humans' sense of smell is relatively diminished compared to other species, olfaction is still a central sensory modality through which people evaluate both potential threats and prospective romantic partners. Despite olfaction's role in interpersonal relationships and disease avoidant responses, however, it remains unknown whether variation in olfactory acuity is associated with disease- and mating-relevant psychological constructs and behaviors. In the current exploratory study, we examined the relationships between olfactory acuity, disgust sensitivity, and mating strategies in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 162) at a university in the Southern United States using an extended assessment of olfactory acuity (measuring olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification). Results revealed that people with greater discrimination acuity were higher in dispositional sexual disgust, but not pathogen or moral disgust. People with greater discrimination acuity were also less inclined towards short-term mating. Further, sexual disgust mediated the relationship between discrimination acuity and short-term mating orientation. These results provide further evidence for the importance of olfaction and olfaction-related disgust in close relationships.
La paranoïa dans Le Conte d’Hiver de W. Shakespeare: Savoir, interprétation, stabilisation

Leontes - le protagoniste principal du Conte d’Hiver de Shakespeare - nous amene a nous questionner sur un certain nombre de points relatifs a la psychose paranoiaque : declenchement, rapport au savoir et a la verite, interpretations et certitudes delirantes, stabilisation. La revue selective de la litterature que nous consacrons au Conte d’hiver met en relief cette dimension interpretative caracteristique de la folie de Leontes. Nous proposerons ainsi d’articuler - avec l’appui de l’enseignement de J. Lacan - verite et savoir, plus specialement dans le registre de la paranoia. Nous nous interesserons aux interpretations et aux convictions delirantes de Leontes en nous referant notamment aux travaux classiques de Serieux et Capgras (1909). Enfin, compte tenu de la transformation radicale de Leontes dans l’Acte III, nous devrons egalement dire quelques mots sur ce que l’on entend sous le terme de « stabilisation ». En effet, jusqu’ici, sa folie furieuse emplie d’interpretations delirantes a theme de jalousie n’avait cesse de croitre. Subitement, suite a un evenement reel mettant en jeu a la fois la question de la perte et celle de la paternite, les flammes de son delire s’eteignent.
Defective monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis is associated with exacerbation frequency in COPD.

Lower airway bacterial colonisation (LABC) in COPD patients is associated with increased exacerbation frequency and faster lung function decline. Defective macrophage phagocytosis in COPD drives inflammation, but how defective macrophage function contributes to exacerbations is not clear. This study investigated the association between macrophage phagocytosis and exacerbation frequency, LABC and clinical parameters. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were generated from 92 stable COPD patients, and at the onset of exacerbation in 39 patients. Macrophages were exposed to fluorescently labelled Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 h, then phagocytosis measured by fluorimetry and cytokine release by ELISA. Sputum bacterial colonisation was measured by PCR. Phagocytosis of H. influenzae was negatively correlated with exacerbation frequency (r = 0.440, p < 0.01), and was significantly reduced in frequent vs. infrequent exacerbators (1.9 × 103 RFU vs. 2.5 × 103 RFU, p < 0.01). There was no correlation for S. pneumoniae. There was no association between phagocytosis of either bacteria with age, lung function, smoking history or treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, or long-acting bronchodilators. Phagocytosis was not altered during an exacerbation, or in the 2 weeks post-exacerbation. In response to phagocytosis, MDM from exacerbating patients showed increased release of CXCL-8 (p < 0.001) and TNFα (p < 0.01) compared to stable state. Impaired COPD macrophage phagocytosis of H. influenzae, but not S. pneumoniae is associated with exacerbation frequency, resulting in pro-inflammatory macrophages that may contribute to disease progression. Targeting these frequent exacerbators with drugs that improve macrophage phagocytosis may prove beneficial.
The perioperative management of simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy with renal transplantation: a case series

Bilateral nephrectomy is performed at times with renal transplantation. Though surgical indications and timing of these two procedures have been described, there are no large case series describing the anesthetic management of these cases. We sought to describe our experience. We performed a historical cohort study on 54 consecutive cases of simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy with renal transplantation at a single, tertiary-care medical centre. Descriptive statistics were used. The most common etiology of kidney disease involved was autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease at 52/54 (96%) cases. All patients received grafts from living donors. An arterial line was placed in 44 (81%) and a central venous catheter in 16 (30%) subjects. At least one vasopressor infusion was used in 44 (81%) cases and 37 (69%) patients required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Of this subset, 30 (81%) were admitted for ongoing vasopressor support and six (16%) for hemodynamic monitoring. All patients were extubated in the operating room upon completion of the procedure. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] ICU length of stay (LOS) was 0.9 [0.7–1.4] days and total hospital LOS was 4.4 [4.3–5.4] days. There were no cases of mortality at 30 days or of postoperative dialysis. Adult patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy with renal transplantation often developed perioperative hypotension requiring vasopressor infusions and postoperative transfer to the ICU. This is possibly due to a temporary loss of the renin-angiotensin system. Despite this, patients most commonly were transferred to the floor on postoperative day 1 and had successful outcomes with no mortality at 30 days.
Curvilinear Sexism and Its Links to Men’s Perceived Mate Value:

We tested the novel hypothesis that men lower in status-linked variables-that is, subjective social status and perceived mate value-are relatively disinclined to offset their high hostile sexism with high benevolent sexism. Findings revealed that mate value, but not social status, moderates the hostile-benevolent sexism link among men: Whereas men high in perceived mate value endorse hostile and benevolent sexism linearly across the attitude range, men low in mate value show curvilinear sexism, characterized by declining benevolence as hostility increases above the midpoint. Study 1 (N = 15,205) establishes the curvilinear sexism effect and shows that it is stronger among men than women. Studies 2 (N = 328) and 3 (N = 471) show that the curve is stronger among men low versus high in perceived mate value, and especially if they lack a serious relationship partner (Study 3). Discussion considers the relevance of these findings for understanding misogyny.
Modeling Social Impacts of Urban Highways

The variety of roles played by an urban dweller, and the fact that such roles are often played at different points in geographical space, render it likely that social impacts of an urban highway project are not all confined within a narrow transportation corridor. Residential relocation in particular may affect widespread portions of an urban area. Social status considerations are important factors in location decisions by highway relocatees and other homeseekers. A residential location model based on social status is presented and tested against census data for the Toledo, Ohio SMSA. The model is then applied to a set of three hypothetical freeway locations to show the change in the geographical distributions of various social indicators, including total population, non-white populations, and housing vacancies. It is concluded that the proposed model provides a useful tool for quantitative study of social impacts outside a transportation corridor.
Socs36E limits STAT signaling via Cullin2 and a SOCS-box independent mechanism in the Drosophila egg chamber

The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins are critical, highly conserved feedback inhibitors of signal transduction cascades. The family of SOCS proteins is divided into two groups: ancestral and vertebrate-specific SOCS proteins. Vertebrate-specific SOCS proteins have been heavily studied as a result of their strong mutant phenotypes. However, the ancestral clade remains less studied, a potential result of genetic redundancies in mammals. Use of the genetically tractable organism Drosophila melanogaster enables in vivo assessment of signaling components and mechanisms with less concern about the functional redundancy observed in mammals. In this study, we investigated how the SOCS family member Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling at 36E (Socs36E) attenuates Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Jak/STAT) activation during specification of motile border cells in Drosophila oogenesis. We found that Socs36E genetically interacts with the Cullin2 (Cul2) scaffolding protein. Like Socs36E, Cul2 is required to limit the number of motile cells in egg chambers. We demonstrated that loss of Cul2 in the follicle cells significantly increased nuclear STAT protein levels, which resulted in additional cells acquiring invasive properties. Further, reduction of Cul2 suppressed border cell migration defects that occur in a Stat92E-sensitized genetic background. Our data incorporated Cul2 into a previously described Jak/STAT-directed genetic regulatory network that is required to generate a discrete boundary between cell fates. We also found that Socs36E is able to attenuate STAT activity in the egg chamber when it does not have a functional SOCS box. Collectively, this work contributes mechanistic insight to a Jak/STAT regulatory genetic circuit, and suggests that Socs36E regulates Jak/STAT signaling via a Cul2-dependent mechanism, as well as by a Cullin-independent manner, in vivo.
Piaget's Logic of Meanings: Still Relevant Today

In his last book, Toward a Logic of Meanings (Piaget & Garcia, 1991), Jean Piaget describes how thought can be categorized into a form of propositional logic, a logic of meanings. The intent of this article is to offer this analysis by Piaget as a means to understand the language and teaching of science. Using binary propositions, conjunctions, and disjunctions, a table of binary operations is used to analyze the structure of statements about conclusions drawn from observations of science phenomena. Two examples from science content illustrate how the logic of binary propositions is used to symbolize typical reasoning of secondary-school science students. The content areas are the period of a pendulum and the Archimedes' Principle, which were chosen based on observations in secondary science classrooms. The analyses of the student responses in these two observations demonstrate the commonalities of arguments used by students of science as they try to make sense of observations. The analysis of students' reasoning, demonstrates that Piaget's logic of meanings is a useful and relevant tool for science educators' understanding of the syntactical aspects of pedagogical content knowledge.
Ultraviolet studies of O and B stars in the LMC cluster NGC 2100, the SMC cluster NGC 330 and the Galactic cluster NGC 6530

High-resolution and low-resolution IUE spectra of O and B stars in the LMC cluster NGC 2100, the SMC cluster NGC 330, and the young Galactic cluster NGC 6530 are investigated. Temperatures and luminosities are determined. In the LMC and SMC clusters, the most luminous stars are evolved stars on the horizontal supergiant branch, while in NGC 6530 the stars are all still on the main sequence. Extinction laws were determined. They confirm the known differences between LMC and Galactic extinctions. No mass loss was detected for the evolved B stars in the LMC and SMC clusters, while the high-luminosity stars in NGC 6530 show P Cygni profiles.
Small particle transport experiments in vacuum and gas using pulsed-power Z-pinch liner-on-target drive and diagnosed with proton radiographic imaging

When a sufficiently strong shock emerges from the free surface of a solid, micron-sized particles may be “ejected” from the tiny defects, grain boundaries or surface inclusions characteristic of real surfaces. If the solid surface bounds a gas or plasma such as an MTF or ICF target, the introduction of surface (perhaps high-Z) material into the gas or plasma may significantly alter its properties and behavior. The formation of ejecta particles has been the subject of both experimental measurements and computational modeling. Simple hydrodynamic drag models have been less than completely adequate, and recent work has explored hydrodynamic (such as Richtmyer-Meshkov) explanations. Less experimental work has been devoted to exploring ejecta particle transport in gas (or plasmas), and most of that work has been done in planar geometries. A new high precision, experiment, called the Damaged Surface Hydrodynamics Experiment, has been developed to explore transport of ejecta particles into gas (or plasma) in converging geometries, diagnosed by high resolution, fast, multi-frame imaging by proton radiography to inform the continuing development of transport models and validate current and future simulations.
Purification and characterization of human endonucleases specific for damaged DNA: Analysis of lesions induced by ultraviolet or X-radiation

1. An endonuclease activity from a cultured human lymphoblast cell line, CCRF-CEM, was further purified by chromatography on phosphocellulose to remove a nonspecific acid endonuclease. 2. The purified enzyme acted quantitatively on apurinic sites in the DNA of PM2 phage. It showed optimum activity over a broad range of pH (7.0--8.5), was absolutely dependent on Mg2+ (optimum concentration 0.5 mM) and did not have detectable activity against intact DNA. 3. This enzyme was used as a probe to estimate the number of apurinic or apyrimidinic lesions induced in PM2 DNA by either ultraviolet or X-ray irradiation. High doses of ultraviolet radiation (2500 to 5000 J/m2) immediately induced 0.2 to 0.4 endonuclease-susceptible lesions per molecule of DNA. The lesions continued to increase for several hours after irradiation, reaching a level more than double that found initially. By contrast, in DNA exposed to 5000 rads of X-ray irradiation, the number of endonuclease-susceptible sites reached a maximum of about 0.6 per molecule immediately after exposure and did not increase further. It thus appears that ultraviolet-irradiated (but not X-ray irradiated) DNA contains damaged bases that are lost spontaneously after irradiation. 4. A second endonuclease was purified and was shown to act on ultraviolet-induced lesions that are distinct from either apurinic or apyrimidinic sites. These new lesions occur about ten times more frequently than ultraviolet-induced apurinic or apyrimidinic sites.
The onset of shear modes in the high frequency spectrum of simple disordered systems: current knowledge and perspectives

Nearly two decades of thorough inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) studies of transverse-like excitation in the spectrum of simple amorphous materials are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the case of liquid water and other prototypical samples, through discussion of both solved and still open issues. The perspectives opened up by the development of next generation IXS instruments with unprecedented contrast and resolution bandwidth are briefly illustrated.
Computers as partners: a technology forecast for decision-making in the 21st century

By the end of the next decade, computers will not be just information gatherers who return reams of keyword-related information. Instead computers will become mobile intelligent helpers who will truly understand entire problems and provide just the right information to solve them. What capabilities will be needed to realize such advanced systems? This paper projects technology advances and assesses the impact such systems might have on future decision-makers. The scenarios and ideas presented by the panelists will provide a reasonable starting point for discussion and solicitation of alternative views.
Structured design of communication protocols

We propose a compositional technique to design multifunction protocols. The technique involves first designing the protocols performing the various functions separately and then combining them using a set of constraints. The constraints are used to specify the interactions between the component protocols. The interactions, for example, specify when a function has to be performed and whether two functions can be performed concurrently or not. We illustrate the use of our technique by designing several protocols. We give sufficient conditions to infer properties of the composite protocol from those of the component protocols.
Los conventos coloniales como espacios liberadores y de creación artística para la mujer

Uno de los capitulos mas apasionantes de la colonia es el relacionado con la vida conventual en las Indias. Para comprender lo que representaron los conventos en aquella sociedad, hay que tener en cuenta que despues de la intensa movilidad social que se produjo en los comienzos de la conquista, al igual que en Espana y en todas las colonias del imperio, en nuestro suelo se impuso un sistema politico-social muy cerrado; un sistema de estratificacion enganosamente abierto que admitia el dominio de la nobleza senorial para constituirse sobre ella como poder absoluto bajo cuyo control todo funcionaba. Hasta el tan decantado honor hispanico es parte de este engranaje monarquico-senorial. Al estudiar el teatro de la epoca, Jose Antonio de Maravall explica que bajo ese sistema politico-social absolutista los temas morales sufrian una gran transformacion: el de la victoria del hombre sobre si mismo y sus instintos, dejaba de ser un vencimiento de las malas inclinaciones de la naturaleza humana.
The Grothendieck duality theorem via Bousfield’s techniques and Brown representability

Grothendieck proved that if f: X ) Y is a proper morphism of nice schemes, then Rf* has a right adjoint, which is given as tensor product with the relative canonical bundle. The original proof was by patching local data. Deligne proved the existence of the adjoint by a global argument, and Verdier showed that this global adjoint may be computed locally. In this article we show that the existence of the adjoint is an immediate consequence of Brown's representability theorem. lIt follows almost as imme- diately, by "smashing" arguments, that the adjoint is given by tensor product with a dualising complex. Verdier's base change theorem is an easy conse- quence. DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA 22903 E-mail address: an3rQvirginia. edu This content downloaded from 157.55.39.27 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 06:26:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Application of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry to Profiling Rat and Dog Bile

Reversed-phase gradient UPLC−ESI−MS, in both positive and negative ionization modes, has been applied to the analysis of untreated bile obtained from bile-cannulated rats and dogs. The use of UPLC provided a high-resolution system that enabled global metabolite profiles of bile from the two species to be obtained that were suitable for metabolomic and metabonomic applications. When these metabolite profiles were analyzed using unsupervised multivariate statistical methods, based on principle components analysis (PCA), they were correctly classified by species of origin. Conventional approaches to characterizing sample components via, for example, mass and retention time compared to authentic standards resulted in the identification of a range of bile acids. In addition, the value of using an “MSE” approach to simplify the problem of classifying and identifying the metabolites present in the sample (as e.g., sulfates or taurine conjugates) was demonstrated.
Nickel-rich outflows from accretion discs formed by the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs

A white dwarf (WD) approaching the Chandrasekhar mass may in several circumstances undergo accretion-induced collapse (AIC) to a neutron star (NS) before a thermonuclear explosion ensues. It has generally been assumed that such an AIC does not produce a detectable supernova (SN). If, however, the progenitor WD is rapidly rotating (as may be expected due to its prior accretion), a centrifugally supported disc forms around the NS upon collapse. We calculate the subsequent evolution of this accretion disc and its nuclear composition using time-dependent height-integrated simulations with initial conditions taken from the AIC calculations of Dessart and collaborators. Soon after its formation, the disc is cooled by neutrinos and its composition is driven neutron rich (electron fraction Y e ∼ 0.1) by electron captures. However, as the disc viscously spreads, it is irradiated by neutrinos from the central proto-NS, which dramatically alters its neutron-to-proton ratio. We find that electron neutrino captures increase Y e to ∼0.5 by the time that weak interactions in the disc freeze out. Because the disc becomes radiatively inefficient and begins forming α-particles soon after freeze out, powerful winds blow away most of the disc's remaining mass. These Y e ∼ 0.5 outflows synthesize up to a few times 10 ―2 M ⊙ in 56 Ni. As a result, AIC may be accompanied by a radioactively powered SN-like transient that peaks on a time-scale of ∼1 d. Since few intermediate mass elements are likely synthesized, these nickel-rich explosions should be spectroscopically distinct from other SNe. The time-scale, velocity and composition of the AIC transient can be modified if the disc wind sweeps up a ∼0.1 M ⊙ remnant disc created by a WD-WD merger; such an 'enshrouded' AIC may account for sub-luminous, sub-Chandrasekhar Type I SNe. Optical transient surveys such as the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System and the Palomar Transient Factory should detect a few AIC transients per year if their true rate is ∼ 10 ―2 of the type Ia rate, and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope should detect several hundred per year. High cadence observations (≤1 d) are optimal for the detection and followup of AIC.
Large scale geometric programming: an application in coding theory

An algorithm is presented that solves the initial vector problem for group codes for the Gaussian channel. The Gaussian channel is a communications model in which messages are represented by vectors in Rn and transmitted over a noisy channel. In this paper, the set of messages, called a code, is generated by a group of permutation matrices and the problem of finding the code with the largest minimum distance between codewords for a particular permutation group is called the initial vector problem. This problem is an especially large scale nonlinear programming problem. We transform it to a generalized geometric programming problem and use the double condensation method to develop an algorithm for its solution.
Long-Time Dynamics of Met-Enkephalin: Comparison of Theory with Brownian Dynamics Simulations

A recent theory for the long time dynamics of flexible chain molecules is applied for the first time to a peptide of biological importance, the neurotransmitter met-enkephalin. The dynamics of met-enkephalin is considerably more complicated than that of the previously studied glycine oligomers; met-enkephalin contains the interesting motions of phenyl groups and of side chains relative to the backbone, motions that are present in general flexible peptides. The theory extends the generalized Rouse (GR) model used to study the dynamics of polymers by providing a systematic procedure for including the contributions from the memory function matrices neglected in the GR theory. The new method describes the dynamics by time correlation functions instead of individual trajectories. These correlation functions are analytically expressed in terms of a set of equilibrium averages and the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the diffusion operator. The predictions of the theory are compared with Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, so that both theory and simulation use identical potential functions and solvent models. The theory thus contains no adjustable parameters. Inclusion of the memory function contributions profoundly affects the dynamics. The theory produces very good agreement with the BD simulations for the global motions of met-enkephalin. It also correctly predicts the long-time relaxation rate for local motions.
Creation of VOx Surface Species on Pure Silica MCM-48 Using Gas-Phase Modification with VO(acac)2

Pure silica MCM-48 is prepared by a novel synthesis method, using the [C18H37N+(CH3)2−(CH2)12−N+(CH3)2C18H37]·2Br- surfactant, abbreviated as GEMINI 18-12-18. The MCM-48, obtained after careful calcination, is a highly crystalline, mesoporous material with the characteristics of the Ia3d cubic phase, a surface area exceeding 1000 m2/g, and a narrow mesoporous pore size distribution (r = 1.4 nm; fwhh < 0.2 nm). This MCM support is grafted with VOx species using a designed dispersion of VO(acac)2 in a gas-deposition reactor. In the first step, the complex is anchored to the support. In a subsequent step the adsorbed complex is thermolyzed to yield chemically bonded VOx surface species. The final material contains 1.7 mmol V/g (8.7 wt % V) and still has a narrow pore-size distribution and a surface area of 800 m2/g. It is observed that all silanols are consumed during the adsorption of the VO(acac)2 complex to the MCM support. Therefore, the maximum achievable number of surface V species is limited by the si...
Virtual teams: a leader's guide

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines to help leaders understand and lead virtual teams.Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the importance and implementation of effective leadership for virtual teams. It begins with a review of conventional versus virtual teams, and then describes the two primary leadership functions in virtual teams – performance management and team development. Following the discussion of the development and function of new teams, the article then provides a detailed guide for the leadership of virtual teams over the life of a project. These guidelines follow the four stages of a project timeline: Pre‐Project, Project Initiation, Midstream, and Wrap‐Up.Practical implications – Following guidelines and understanding the differences between conventional and virtual leadership will enable managers to become effective virtual team leaders.Originality/value – The paper shows how, in the context of increasing globalization and technology, leaders can ma...
Combining Keyword Search Advertisement and Site- Targeted Advertisement in Search Engine Advertising

Internet advertising has seen a strong growth in recent years and search engine advertising has played an important role in that growth. Search engines continue to expand their business by providing new options of advertising. For ex-ample, Google provides a new advertisement mechanism based on cost-per-thousand-impression (CPM) payment called “site-targeted advertisement” in addition to the famous “keyword search advertisement” based on cost-per-click (CPC). While keyword search advertisement is a cost-efficient way of advertising, site-targeted advertisement provides a quicker alternative to expose the ad to a mass population at a higher expense. This paper studies a mixed strategy of optimization by combining these mechanisms to exploit their corresponding advantages. We set up a general model to find optimal starting and ending times for both methods. Closed-form solutions are calculated for two applications: (1) Advertising of perishable information with click-based revenue only; and (2) Site-targeted advertisement first and key-word search advertisement last. Comparative static analysis provides an analysis of properties of each application. We also develop a computational experiment based on Google AdWords to illustrate the application of the model.
A Thyroid Tumor in a Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) from the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract An adenoma of the thyroid of the brackish water sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) appeared after the fish had been held in a saltwater aquarium with other fish. The tumor appeared to be well delineated grossly. Microscopically, the tumor was invasive into adjacent gill tissues but was without mitotic figures.
A Simple Solution of the Uniform Halting Problem

The uniform halting problem (UH) can be stated as follows. Give a decision procedure which for any given Turing machine (TM) will decide whether or not it has an immortal instantaneous description (ID). An ID is called immortal if it has no terminal successor. As it is generally the case in the literature (see e.g. Minsky [3, p. 118]) we assume that in an ID the tape must be blank except for some finite numbers of squares. If we remove this restriction the UH becomes the immortality problem (IP). The UH should not be confused with the initialised uniform halting problem (whether or not a TM has an immortal ID when started in a specified state) which can easily be shown to be undecidable (see e.g. Minsky [3, p. 151]). The unsolvability of IP was shown by Hooper [2]. It can be seen from Part V (p. 225) of his paper that his method also shows the unsolvability of the UH. However, this is largely accidental (not even pointed out by Hooper) and one feels that a direct proof of the UH could be much simpler than the proof given for the IP. This paper provides one such direct proof. The proof is essentially a diagonal argument based on the fact, proved by Davis [1, ?V], that every total computable unary function can be computed by a TM which has no immortal ID. We shall afterwards show why our method fails to prove the unsolvability of the IP as well. THEOREM. There is no algorithm which for any given Turing machine decides whether or not it has an immortal instantaneous description. PROOF. By reductio ad absurdum. We assume that there is an algorithm for deciding the UH. Then in particular, given any TM whose alphabet includes the nonblank symbol 1, the algorithm will decide whether or not this TM has an immortal ID. From now on we assume that all TM's under consideration have an alphabet which includes 1. Using our assumption we can effectively enumerate all Turing machines which have no immortal ID's. I.e. there is a sequence Io, I,, I2, of Turing machines such that (i) no Turing machine in this sequence has an immortal ID, (ii) if a Turing machine has no immortal ID's, then it is Ii for at least one i, (iii) there is an algorithm which for any number n will produce the Turing machine I, With every natural number i we associate a total computable unary function Ji. Given the argument n, the value off(n) is computed as follows.
Sedimentation Equilibrium in the Simplest Air-driven Tops

IT has been highly desirable to develop a simple device everywhere available for accurately measuring sedimentation equilibrium of particles of all sizes from the smallest molecules in solution to the largest colloids or filter-passing organisms. We have used one method of limited scope throughout the past year for measuring the molecular weight of sucrose within 5 per cent in a one-piece hollow air-driven rotor1.
Malingering on neuropsychological memory tests: Potential objective indicators

We evaluated five potential indicators of malingering on the Rey Memory Test (RMT), Hebb's Recurring Digits (HRD), the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS-R). the Complex Figure Test (CFT), and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Fifty-seven subjects were assigned randomly to either a control group or a simulated malingering group. Two indicators - discriminant functions derived from the WMS-R and from the CFT/AVLT achieved classification accuracy of 88% and 86%, respectively, without misidentifying controls as malingerers. Among the remaining indicators, there were problems with the recommended RMT cut-off, but it and the HRD show some promise. Subjects who simulated malingering did so by suppressing performance on tasks that involve recall as well as recognition memory and are relatively easy, but not obviously so.
Affective problem solving: emotion in research practice

This paper presents an analysis of emotional and affectively toned discourse in biomedical engineering researchers’ accounts of their problem solving practices. Drawing from our interviews with scientists in two laboratories, we examine three classes of expression: explicit, figurative and metaphorical, and attributions of emotion to objects and artifacts important to laboratory practice. We consider the overall function of expressions in the particular problem solving contexts described. We argue that affective processes are engaged in problem solving, not as simply tacked onto reasoning but as integral to it. The examples we present illustrate the close relation of emotion to problem solving and experimentation; they also implicate social and cultural dimensions of emotion expression. The analysis underscores a need to consider emotional expression to be intimately and importantly tied to the cognitive achievements and social negotiations of laboratory practices.
On random least-square analysis

Abstract Dispersion in the output data of a system can be analyzed as either noise fluctuations about a deterministic model or as the noise with added fluctuations due to randomness in the model itself. This latter interpretation finds applications in the identification of inherently random systems which provide rational models for systems such as biological and economic systems. It is shown that the computational procedure is closely related to traditional least-square analysis. Both linear and nonlinear models are considered. Results of computer simulations are presented for some simple cases.
Flat panel detector-based cone beam CT for dynamic imaging: system evaluation

The purpose of this study is to characterize a newly built flat panel detector (FPD)-based cone beam CT (CBCT) prototype for dynamic imaging. A CBCT prototype has been designed and constructed by completely modifying a GE HiSpeed Advantage (HSA) CT gantry, incorporating a newly acquired large size real-time FPD (Varian PaxScan 4030CB), a new x-ray generator and a dual focal spot angiography x-ray tube that allows the full coverage of the detector. During data acquisition, the x-ray tube and the FPD can be rotated on the gantry over Nx360 degrees due to integrated slip ring technology with the rotation speed of one second/revolution. With a single scan time of up to 40 seconds , multiple sets of reconstructions can be performed for dynamic studies. The upgrade of this system has been completed. The prototype was used for a series of preliminary phantom studies: different sizes of breast phantoms, a Humanoid chest phantom and scatter correction studies. The results of the phantom studies demonstrate that good image quality can be achieved with this newly built prototype.
‘The confidence I needed’: elementary education majors' perceptions of teaching physical education

Many US states do not require that elementary schools provide a physical education specialist, making the classroom teacher the only provider of physical education instruction. Their attitudes toward physical education and perceptions of their ability to teach it will affect their efforts to do so. Elementary education majors (n = 183) were questioned at the end of a practicum to gain insight into their perceptions of their skill in teaching physical education; of the changes that had occurred in their skill and of how and why those changes occurred; their understanding of physical education; and their comparisons of teaching classroom and physical education. The most striking finding was the confidence they expressed about their ability. Perceptions of their strengths as teachers related more to affect and management than to instructional skills and content knowledge. Students identified practice, instructor feedback and a supportive class environment as contributing to developing their ability to teach ...
The use of nitrones in the synthesis of anatoxin-a, very fast death factor

Abstract The synthesis of anatoxin-a ( 1 ) was completed by using the cycloaddition of 1-pyrroline 1-oxide ( 2 ) onto dienol ( 6 ), a reaction which proceeded with high stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and site selectivity. The resultant adduct (i.e. 7 ) was oxidized to a second nitrone (i.e. 8 ) which undergoes a second closure to afford cycloadduct 9a with regiospecificity. The conversion of 9a into anatoxin-a hydrochloride ( 1 · HC1) was both direct and efficient.
Electron position: jumping in double concentric quantum rings

Semiconductor heterostructures as quantum dots or quantum rings (QR) demonstrate discrete atom-like energy level structure. In an atom the position of an electron can be changed by electromagnetic field influence with accompaniment of quantum number change. In present work we show that in the weak coupled Double Concentric Quantum Ring (DCQR), the electron jumping is possible due to tunneling accompanied with level anti-crossing which has a place in a magnetic field. We study DCQR composed of GaAs in an Al0.70Ga0.30As substrate under influence of a magnetic field. In our model the DCQR is considered within three dimensional single sub-band effective mass approach. When a magnetic field is applied in the z direction, perpendicular to the DCQR plane. The results of the numerical calculations for DCQR are presented for DCQRs of different geometry.
ACUTE ADMISSION RATES FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE CARED FOR BY ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATIONS

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are designed to provide more comprehensive, efficient, coordinated care for patients with heart failure and other chronic diseases. Currently, however, ACO quality measures do not assess ACOs’ success at lowering heart failure patients’ risk for a wide range
Vowel Acoustics in Adults With Apraxia of Speech

Purpose To investigate the hypothesis that vowel production is more variable in adults with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) relative to healthy individuals with unimpaired speech. Vowel formant fr...
Variation in Plant Substrates and its Consequences for Insect Vibrational Communication

Many insects and other arthropods communicate using plant-borne vibrational signals. Vibration transmission along plant stems imposes a frequency filter on signals, and may cause signal degradation from reflected waves. Furthermore, different plant species and plant parts can differ in their transmission properties. This variability in the communication channel may constrain the reliability of signals, with important consequences for the evolution of vibrational communication systems, as well as for researchers studying signal variation at an individual, population, or species level. In this study we estimate the magnitude of substrate-related variation in the mate advertisement signals of a treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Umbonia crassicornis). We used laser vibrometry to record the signals produced by 25 adult males on two different plant species, one host and one non-host. We recorded male signals on two plants per species; within each plant, signals were recorded simultaneously at two distances. We measured three spectral characteristics (dominant frequency, relative amplitude of the signals’ high and low frequency components, frequency at the end of the signal) and two temporal characteristics (signal duration and click repetition rate). Spectral characteristics were influenced by the distance at which the signal was recorded, and this influence varied among plant species and individuals. Temporal characteristics were less influenced, although signal length was influenced by distance, an effect that varied among individual plants. Overall, the magnitude of the effects was small. Furthermore, there was significant within-individual repeatability of almost all signal traits across different plant substrates. Signal characteristics were thus reliably associated with individuals, even when they signaled on different plants.
La biogenèse du VIH-1 dévoilée

> Les recentes avancees technologiques d’imagerie cellulaire ont permis de visualiser de nombreuses etapes de la replication des virus dans des cellules vivantes. Ainsi, en fusionnant certaines proteines virales a des proteines fluorescentes, l’attachement, la penetration et le transport de virus dans leurs cellules hotes ont pu etre caracterises au cours des dernieres annees [1]. Cependant, la biogenese de nouveaux virus, une etape cle de la replication virale, n’avait pas encore ete visualisee jusqu’a ce jour.
Time development of probability distributions for interacting species

A general solution to the dynamical equation for the probability distribution associated withn interacting species is obtained by employing the author's generic canonical expression for the rate functions. Interacting species models with limit-cycle dynamics and no stable equilibrium points feature probability distributions that are asymptotic for large values oft to Dirac δ-distributions concentrated on the limit-cycles, as illustrated here for an analytically solvable two-species model. For ann-species Volterra model, a stationary or temporally-averaged probability distribution should generally be much more complicated than the specialized Poisson form studied by Kerner and others.
On the contribution of (mini)quasars to reionization

Abstract Recent data from WMAP and SDSS implies that the reionization history of the universe is extended and complex. These discoveries motivated models in which the ionizing radiation from accreting black holes, residing in shallow dark matter potential wells, dominate the ionization of the universe at redshifts z = 10–20. Here we show that (1) contrary to previous beliefs, photoionization heating does not prevent gas from cooling and condensing in small ( v circ ∼ 10 km/s) dark matter potential wells at z ≳ 10; but (2) current models in which an early generation of accreting small black holes dominate full reionization, saturate the unresolved soft X-ray background at the ≳2 σ level.
Moisture Sorption Effects on and Properties of a Carbon Fiber-reinforced Phenylethynyl-terminated Poly(etherimide):

This paper reports the results of anin vestigationof moisture sorption effects on the properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced high-performance phenylethynyl-terminated poly(etherimide). Due to the relative newness of this material, minimal information regarding its performance under the duress of environmental effects is known. Composite and neat resin specimens were cycled to effective moisture equilibrium during exposure to a 85% relative humidity/90 C environment followed by exposure to a 10% relative humidity/90 C environment. The composite through-the-thickness moisture diffusion coefficients (Dz) ranged from 2.3 × 10 -6 to 6 mm2/s. The value of Dz for moisture absorptionwas measured to be about 67% greater thanthe value of Dz for moisture desorption; residual stress-accelerated diffusion, void-assisted diffusion, and diffusion hindered by moisture–matrix interactions are discussed as possible explanations for this difference. At 85% relative humidity, the effective moisture equilibrium content of th...
Mechanism of interferon action: synthesis and activity of the interferon-mediated low-molecular-weight oligonucleotide from murine and human cells.

Abstract The interferon-mediated synthesis of the low-molecular-weight 2′,5′-oligoadenylate effectors (LMWE) of endoribonuclease activity and the interaction of the LMWE with components present in extracts prepared from mouse fibroblast and human amnion cells was investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The LMWE was synthesized by cell-sap fractions prepared from mouse and human cells treated with their homologous interferons. Preincubation of interferon-treated cell-free S-10 extracts increased by about 50-fold the apparent concentration of the LMWE oligonucleotide synthetase observed in the S-100 cell-sap fractions. Mouse and human LMWEs enhanced ribonuclease activity in their heterologous human and mouse cell-free extracts prepared from untreated cells. (2) Degredation of the reovirus [3H]mRNA by the LMWE-activated endonuclease was quantitated both by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by formation of acid-soluble oligonucleotides. (3) Free LMWE was rapidly inactivated ( t 1 2 min ) by cell-free extracts prepared from untreated L929 cells. The inactivation of LMWE appeared to involve the cleavage of a 2′,5′-phosphodiester bond of the oligonucleotide rather than removal of the 5′-terminal phosphate residue. (4) In addition to the effect of LMWE on ribonuclease activity, the phosphorylation of a 110,000-dalton protein present in S-10 extracts prepared both from untreated and interferon-treated cells was observed in the presence of [γ-32P]-LMWE. Increased phosphorylation of a protein of comparable molecular weight was also observed in ribosomal salt-wash fractions that contained an interferon-activated nuclease. The LMWE did not, however, substitute for RNA with double-stranded character in the phosphorylation of either the 38,000-dalton subunit of eIF-2 or the 67,000-dalton ribosome-associated protein P1.