cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Swarm scalable storage system

Swarm is a storage system that provides scalable, reliable, and cost-effective data storage. Swarm is based on storage servers, rather than file servers; the storage servers are optimized for cost-performance and aggregated to provide high-performance data access. Swarm uses a striped log abstraction to store data on the storage servers. This abstraction simplifies storage allocation, improves file access performance, balances server loads, provides fault-tolerance through computed redundancy, and simplifies crash recovery. We have developed a Swarm prototype using a cluster of Linux-based personal computers as the storage servers and clients; the clients access the servers via the Swarm-based Sting file system. Our performance measurements show that a single Swarm client can write to two storage servers at 3.0 MB/s, while four clients can write to eight servers at 16.0 MB/s.
Narrative pre-construction

Before a narrative can be constructed, it must be pre-constructed by a cognitive process that begins with a decision that a given event is reportable. Pre-construction begins with this most reportable event and proceeds backwards in time to locate events that are linked causally each to the following one, a recursive process that ends with the location of the unreportable event — one that is not reportable in itself and needs no explanation. Comparison of such event chains with the sequence of narrative clauses actually produced will help to understand how the narrator re-organizes and transforms the events of real time in the finished narrative.
A longitudinal evaluation of the Positive Action program in a low-income, racially diverse, rural county: effects on self-esteem, school hassles, aggression, and internalizing symptoms

Positive Action is a school-based program that aims to decrease problem behaviors (e.g., violence, substance use) and increase positive behaviors (e.g., school engagement, academic achievement). Although a number of studies have shown that Positive Action successfully achieves these goals, few studies have evaluated the program's effectiveness in rural schools. Given that rural youth are at an increased risk for risky behaviors (e.g., violence, substance use), this is a critical gap in the existing Positive Action research base. The current study assesses the impact of Positive Action on change rates of self-esteem, school hassles, aggression, and internalizing symptoms in a group (N = 1246, 52% female) of ethnically/racially diverse (27% White, 23% African American, 12% mixed race/other, 8% Latino, 30% as American Indian) middle school youth (age range 9-20) located in two violent, low-income rural counties in North Carolina. One county engaged in Positive Action over the 3-year study window while the other county did not. Following multiple imputation and propensity score analysis, 4 two-level hierarchical linear models were run using each of the outcome measures as dependent variables. The results indicate that the program generates statistically significant beneficial effects for youth from the intervention county on self-esteem scores and school hassles scores. Although the program generates beneficial effects for intervention youth on the change in aggression scores, the finding is not statistically significant. The finding on the change in internalizing scores shows a non-significant detrimental effect: the youth from the comparison county have lower internalizing scores than those from the intervention county. Implications are discussed.
ReCAP: Impact of Multidisciplinary Care on Processes of Cancer Care: A Multi-Institutional Study

QUESTION ASKED:What is the relationship between the level of implementation of multidisciplinary care (MDC) and various processes of cancer care (eg, time to treatment receipt, evaluation for enrollment onto a clinical trial) among community cancer centers serving patients diagnosed with colon, rectal, or lung cancer? There is limited generalizable evidence on this topic. It is important to answer this question using data that can generalize across cancer patients, the majority of whom receive treatment in a community cancer center.SUMMARY ANSWER:Focusing on the time to receipt of cancer-directed treatment as one key process of cancer care in this patient population, we found that the answer to our question depended on the MDC assessment area and tumor site (Table 1). Among patients with colon cancer, higher MDC levels of physician engagement (ie, a higher level of physician engagement at the institutional level) were associated with a shorter time to treatment receipt, whereas higher MDC levels of case p...
The History of Immunology

Immunology begins with Edward Jenner’s discovery that vaccination with cowpox protects against smallpox. That there was an immune response was confirmed by the observations of many scientists that the same disease did not return a second time to a recovered individual. With the recognition by Friedrich Henle that germs caused disease, and the isolation of infectious bacteria by his pupil Robert Koch, the stage was set to examine how an immune response was achieved. Modern immunology begins with the research of Metchnikoff, who discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis in starfish and extrapolated it to macrophages in humans as cells that engulf infectious agents; this was the beginning of cellular immunology. Paul Ehrlich investigated the formation of antibodies recognized as later as proteins that destroyed infectious agents. However, an explanation of how antibodies were formed and selected was puzzling. Did the body have enough genes to code for every type of antibody, and did specific cells produce antibodies, or did each cell have the ability to produce antibodies to any challenging molecule? Following the work of Karl Landsteiner, Felix Haurowitz, Niels Jerne and others, the “clonal selection theory” was proposed by MacFarlane Burnett. This theory states that each B-cell produces one type of antibody, and once activated, it expands and produces memory cells. Meanwhile, work on cellular immunity and innate immunity recognized the role of various types of T-cells, dendritic cells and cytokines in the immune response. New classes of T-cells and cytokines are constantly being found, and there is an intricate connection between these three branches of the immune system.
Online monitoring of dispersion functions and transfer matrices at the SLC

Abstract The symmetries of the chromatic correction sections in the Stanford Linear Collider Final Focus System allows a high-resolution determination of the pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations by exploiting the information from beam position monitors (BPMs) in regions of large dispersion. By correlating this signal with other BPMs, one can infer the dispersion function as well as spatial components of transfer matrices anywhere in the arcs and the Final Focus System, without interrupting the normal machine operation. We present results from data samples which were recorded during both periods of stable machine operation and periods when the linac energy was intentionally varied.
Sine-Gordon model and the small k+ region of light-cone perturbation theory.

The nonperturbative ultraviolet divergence of the sine-Gordon model is used to study the [ital k][sup +]=0 region of light-cone perturbation theory. The light-cone vacuum is shown to be unstable at the nonperturbative [beta][sup 2]=8[pi] critical point by a light-cone version of Coleman's variational method. Vacuum bubbles, which are [ital k][sup +]=0 diagrams in light-cone field theory and are individually finite and nonvanishing for all [beta], conspire to generate ultraviolet divergences of the light-cone energy density. The [ital k][sup +]=0 region of momentum also contributes to connected Green's functions; the connected two-point function will not diverge, as it should, at the critical point unless diagrams which contribute only at [ital k][sup +]=0 are properly included. This analysis shows in a simple way how the [ital k][sup +]=0 region cannot be ignored even for connected diagrams. This phenomenon is expected to occur in higher-dimensional gauge theories starting at two-loop order in light-cone perturbation theory.
Can computers see

This article presents a brief introduction to the problem of computer vision. Computers, using cameras and other sensors as input devices record digital images in its memory. The computer programs must interpret these images to come up with a description of the scene. The computer vision problem can be stated simply as follows: Given a two-dimensional image, infer the objects that produced it, including their shapes, locations, colors and sizes. The concepts of low level, mid level image processing and high-level image understanding are presented. Various application areas including satellite imaging, assembly line manufacturing, handwriting and face recognition are discussed.
Does Subarachnoid Space Protect the Brain From Blast Waves and/or Blunt Impacts?

The objectives of this study is to investigate the transduction of blast wave through the SAS region and the influence of SAS including different types of trabeculae in reducing the strain in the brain, when the head is subjected to a blast wave, and finally, comparing that to a none blast load such as blunt impacts or angular accelerations of the head during contact sports or accidents. This is accomplished through a series of Global/Local models of the head, neck and the brain. Specifically, a validated FE 3D model of the head and neck is subjected to a blast wave and the time dependent local compressive pressure gradient on the dura matter is calculated. Then through several detailed local FE models of the head, consisting Dura mater, Gray matter, Subarachnoid space having trabeculae and the CSF, the strains in the brain are calculated. In the local models different architecture and morphology of the trabeculae (rod shaped and the tree-shaped) are considered. The Global/Local models were analyzed using ABAQUS 6.12. In addition, the same procedure has been carried out for a velocity impact profile corresponding to 1.1 mph. The results revealed that the shape of the trabeculae would not affect the severity of loads transferring to the brain from shock waves in blast scenarios. Moreover, the interaction between the CSF and Tree-shaped trabeculae and rods with smaller cross sections, protect the brain better in impacts.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Retrospective analysis of quality improvement when using liposome bupivacaine for postoperative pain control.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Liposome bupivacaine, a prolonged-release bupivacaine formulation, recently became available at the Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD); before availability, postsurgical pain for large thoracic/abdominal procedures was primarily managed with opioids with/without continuous thoracic epidural (CTE) anesthesia. This retrospective chart review was part of a clinical quality initiative to determine whether postsurgical outcomes improved after liposome bupivacaine became available. METHODS Data from patients who underwent laparotomy, sternotomy, or thoracotomy at NMCSD from May 2013 to May 2014 (after liposome bupivacaine treatment became available) were compared with data from patients who underwent these same procedures from December 2011 to May 2012 (before liposome bupivacaine treatment became available). Collected data included demographics, postoperative pain control methods, opioid consumption, perioperative pain scores, and lengths of intensive care unit and overall hospital stays. RESULTS Data from 182 patients were collected: 88 pre-liposome bupivacaine (laparotomy, n=52; sternotomy, n=26; and thoracotomy, n=10) and 94 post-liposome bupivacaine (laparotomy, n=49; sternotomy, n=31; and thoracotomy, n=14) records. Mean hospital stay was 7.0 vs 5.8 days (P=0.009) in the pre- and post-liposome bupivacaine groups, respectively, and mean highest reported postoperative pain score was 7.1 vs 6.2 (P=0.007), respectively. No other significant between-group differences were observed for the overall population. In the laparotomy subgroup, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients who received CTE anesthesia post-liposome bupivacaine (22% [11/49] vs 35% [18/52] pre-liposome bupivacaine). CONCLUSION Surgeons and anesthesiologists have changed the way they manage postoperative pain since the time point that liposome bupivacaine was introduced at NMCSD. Our findings suggest that utilization of liposome bupivacaine may be a useful alternative to epidural anesthesia.
in vivo Anti-tumor Activity of Total Saponins from Asparagus officinalis

The anti-tumor activity and immune regulation activity of total saponins from Asparagus officinalis were investigated by determining tumor weight and immune organ weight. The results indicated that total saponins from Asparagus officinalis had significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of sarcoma S180 (S180) and hepatoma H22 (H22) cells implanted into healthy mice. The inhibition rate in high-dose group was 39.53% (P 0.05) on S180 and 34.81% (P 0.01) on H22 cells.
Prevention of stomal complications

e20745 Background: Ileostomy/Colostomy operations are associated with a high rate of infections and complications resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and litigation. Pathogenesis of each co...
Construction of Multichromophoric Spectra from Monomer Data: Applications to Resonant Energy Transfer.

We develop a model that establishes a quantitative link between the physical properties of molecular aggregates and their constituent building blocks. The relation is built on the coherent potential approximation, calibrated against exact results, and proven reliable for a wide range of parameters. It provides a practical method to compute spectra and transfer rates in multichromophoric systems from experimentally accessible monomer data. Applications to Forster energy transfer reveal optimal transfer rates as functions of both the system-bath coupling and intra-aggregate coherence.
Pituitary Apoplexy After Initial Leuprolide Injection

Background Pituitary apoplexy is a rare complication of the initial administration of leuprolide acetate. Case Description We present the case of a 63-year-old man who experienced headache, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness after initial leuprolide treatment for prostate carcinoma. Neuroimaging showed pituitary hemorrhage. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of this rare but known complication of leuprolide injection so that prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are performed in patients with leuprolide-associated pituitary apoplexy.
To the Reader

A "Learn-by-Doing" Approach to Academic Literacies Outstanding Features Content and Organization Writing Activities and Projects Introduction to the topics to be discussed in the book and methods employed.
Information Gathering and Documentation

The medical record is the central source for information in the inpatient and acute medical setting. While the organization of the medical record may differ slightly depending on setting, medical documentation is universal in medical care and provides the essential vehicle for communicating and documenting information across multiple disciplines. In the acute and subacute medical setting, the medical record is a dynamic and “living” document with contributions from those providing direct clinical care and treatment, documentation of results, as well as information to determine future intervention and discharge. The following chapter provides basic information on record organization, data-gathering strategies, and typical types of clinical documentation used in medical rehabilitation.
MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOATING STRUCTURES.

An engineering approach to the time domain analysis which accounts for the effects of damping is developed for the purpose of evaluating the rigid body response motion of a two-dimensional floating body confined in a fixed basin. The frequency dependent added mass coefficients are first obtained under the assumption of an ideal fluid. Then the equations of motion in the frequency domain are constructed by artificially introducing the damping coefficients. Frequency response functions then follow logically from these equations of motion and are inverse-Fourier transformed to produce the impulse response functions. Essentially, three forms of damping coefficients are considered and experiments are then performed to determine how well these forms reproduce the experimental results. The optimum values of the damping ratios are also estimated from the experiments and their use for the analysis of large scale floating bodies is suggested. Finally, the causality conditions are verified numerically and it is found that they are satisfied at acceptable levels of engineering accuracy.
QuickLex: A Fast Algorithm for Consistent Global States Enumeration of Distributed Computations

Verifying the correctness of executions of concurrent and distributed programs is difficult because they show nondeterministic behavior due to different process scheduling order. Predicate detection can alleviate this problem by predicting whether the user-specified condition (predicate) could have become true in any global state of the given concurrent or distributed computation. The method is predictive because it generates inferred global states from the observed execution path and then checks if those global states satisfy the predicate. An important part of the predicate detection method is global states enumeration, which generates the consistent global states, including the inferred ones, of the given computation. Cooper and Marzullo gave the first enumeration algorithm based on a breadth first strategy (BFS). Later, many algorithms have been proposed to improve the space and time complexity. Among the existing algorithms, the Tree algorithm due to Jegou et al. has the smallest time complexity and requires O(|P|) space, which is linear to the size of the computation P. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm, QuickLex, to enumerate global states in the lexical order. QuickLex requires much smaller space than O(|P|). From our experiments, the Tree algorithm requires 2-10 times more memory space than QuickLex. Moreover, QuickLex is 4 times faster than Tree even though the asymptotic time complexity of QuickLex is higher than that of Tree. The reason is that the worst case time complexity of QuickLex happens only in computations that are not common in practice. Moreover, Tree is built on linked-lists and QuickLex can be implemented using integer arrays. In comparison with the existing lexical algorithm (Lex), QuickLex is 7 times faster and uses almost the same amount of memory as Lex. Finally, we implement a parallel-and-online predicate detector for concurrent programs using QuickLex, which can detect data races and violation of invariants in the programs.
Are there individual and sibling differences in appraisals of interparental conflict

Despite decades of empirical literature documenting the harmful effects of frequent, intense, violent, and unresolved interparental conflict on children's adjustment, there is considerable variability in the extent to which marital conflict contributes to the development of children's emotional and behavioral problems. Past research has documented links between properties of interparental conflict itself (e.g., intensity, frequency), children's appraisals of conflict, and children's outcomes, yet less is known about the role of individual and family characteristics in predicting children's conflict appraisals. Sibling studies may be especially helpful in understanding these individual differences yet are notably lacking in marital conflict research. The current study examines individual- and family-characteristic predictors of adolescents' appraisals of conflict in a study of 153 adolescents as well as sibling similarities in conflict appraisals in a subsample of 50 pairs of siblings. Controlling for parent reports of the frequency, intensity, and resolution of interparental conflict, parent-child relationship quality and stressful life events predicted conflict appraisals. In addition, there was nonindependence of sibling appraisals of conflict properties, but self-blame and threat appraisals appeared independent across siblings. Greater discrepancies in siblings' conflict appraisals were related to more negative marital conflict and discrepancies in parent-child relationship quality, and were found in mixed-sex sibling dyads. Implications for future studies on factors that impact children's appraisals of conflict and in particular making use of sibling studies to examine shared environmental and individual influences on appraisals is highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record
ON LETTING ADAPTIVE CONTROL BE WHAT IT IS: NONLINEAR FEEDBACK

Abstract This talk is a tutorial presentation of a new approach to adaptive control of linear systems. In this approach we abandon the traditional linear certainty-equivalence concept and treat the control of linear plants with unknown parameters as a nonlinear problem. We develop a recursive design procedure which guarantees strict passivity of the adaptation loop. The states of the resulting adaptive system converge to a manifold whose dimension is smaller than with any previous scheme. A simulation comparison with a standard indirect linear scheme shows that the new nonlinear controller achieves superior transient performance without an increase in control effort.
The unusual mechanism of action of the microtubule targeted drug curacin A

5412 Curacin A, isolated from the blue green alga Lyngbya majescula, has potent anti-proliferative activity. Curacin A binds with high affinity to the colchicine binding site as well as to at least two other low affinity binding sites on tubulin. Additionally, curacin A potently inhibits polymerization of microtubules in vitro and inhibits proliferation of L1210 leukemia and CA46 Burkitt cells. We found that low concentrations of curacin A (10 nM) inhibited HeLa cell proliferation by 50 % (IC50) without inducing mitotic block. By flow cytometry of cellular DNA content, low concentrations of curacin A appear to slow the cell cycle. At high concentrations (≥50 nM) cell proliferation was inhibited by 100% with approximately 80% of the cells blocked in mitosis. At the IC50 for proliferation, interphase microtubules were significantly depolymerized and the cells progressed through the cell cycle more slowly than control cells. Using the FAM FLICA caspase activation assay, we examined the ability of curacin A (10-100 nM) to activate caspases and induce apoptosis. With 100 nM curacin A, the percentage of cells with activated caspases increased by 14 -100 % after incubation with curacin A for 20-72 h, respectively. Thus at low concentrations, curacin A appears to slow the cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation by a unique depolymerizing effect on interphase microtubules. This effect is in contrast to the effects of many chemotherapeutic microtubule-active drugs that act primarily to inhibit cell proliferation by blocking mitosis. Given its microtubule-depolymerizing effects at low concentrations and its similarity to other vascular-targeting agents that bind to the colchicine site, curacin A may have potential as an anti-vascular agent. Supported by NIH CA57291 and NS13560.
Nanopore electric snapshots of an RNA tertiary folding pathway.

The chemical properties and biological mechanisms of RNAs are determined by their tertiary structures. Exploring the tertiary structure folding processes of RNA enables us to understand and control its biological functions. Here, we report a nanopore snapshot approach combined with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation and master equation analysis to elucidate the folding of an RNA pseudoknot structure. In this approach, single RNA molecules captured by the nanopore can freely fold from the unstructured state without constraint and can be programmed to terminate their folding process at different intermediates. By identifying the nanopore signatures and measuring their time-dependent populations, we can “visualize” a series of kinetically important intermediates, track the kinetics of their inter-conversions, and derive the RNA pseudoknot folding pathway. This approach can potentially be developed into a single-molecule toolbox to investigate the biophysical mechanisms of RNA folding and unfolding, its interactions with ligands, and its functions. While RNA folding is critical for its function, study of this process is challenging. Here, the authors combine nanopore single-molecule manipulation with theoretical analysis to follow the folding of an RNA pseudoknot, monitoring the intermediate states and the kinetics of their interconversion.
Addressing Criticality in Rare Earth Elements via Permanent Magnets Recycling

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for many advanced technologies and are faced with potential supply disruptions. Recycling of permanent magnets (PMs) can be good sources for REEs which can help minimize global dependence on freshly mined REEs, but PMs are rarely recycled. Recycling of PMs has been discussed with respect to improving REEs resource sustainability. Some challenges to be addressed in order to establish industrially deployable technologies for PMs recycling have also been discussed, including profitability, energy efficiency and environmental impacts. Key considerations for promoting circular economy via PMs recycling is proposed with the focus on deciding the target points in the supply chain at which the recycled products will be inserted. Important technical considerations for recycling different forms of waste PMs, including swarfs, slags, shredded and intact hard disk drives magnets, have been presented. The aspects of circular economy considered include reusing magnets, remanufacturing magnets and recovering of REEs from waste PMs.
The Default Mode of Primate Vocal Communication and Its Neural Correlates

Communication is, by default, a multisensory phenomenon. In support of this contention, I review evidence that beyond the familiar ideas about audiovisual speech in humans, there is also automatic integration of faces and voices during vocal perception by monkeys and apes. At the neural level, this integration is mediated, in part, by interactions between 'unimodal' sensory areas and association areas in the temporal lobe. How these neural interactions develop may be driven by species-typical social experiences. The overwhelming evidence from the studies reviewed here, and numerous other studies from different domains of neuroscience, all converge on the idea that, like the behavior of communication itself, the neocortex is fundamentally multisensory. It is not confined to a few ‘sensu comune’ in the association cortices. This does not mean, however, that the neocortex is uniformly multisensory, but rather that cortical areas maybe weighted differently by ‘extra’-modal inputs depending on the task at hand and its context.
Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease may be due to embolism, hemodynamic compromise, or small vessel occlusive disease. The extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery was introduced as a treatment for the hemodynamic causes of cerebral ischemia in 1967. It was based on the logical assumption that the brain is like other organs in the body and that symptoms caused by hypoperfusion to a region can be prevented by increasing the blood flow to that region. In the EC-IC bypass operation, blood flow is improved distal to the occluded or stenotic artery, thereby increasing the perfusion of the ischemic areas.
Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments on Professor Rivetti Barbò’s Paper

Dialogue is, of course, fraught with difficulty. Misunderstandings and complete breakdowns of understanding are all too common. Nonetheless, as Prof. Rivetti Barbo rightly reminds us, the misunderstandings which typically take place between speakers (and authors) of a natural language are only possible against the backdrop of a large structure of common (if perhaps rather rough) linguistic understandings. Her assignment of tasks to linguistic and philosophical theories of language is sound: such theories ought to set forth the (largely structural?) underpinnings which serve, de facto, as preconditions of success in linguistic communication; such theories ought to yield an account of those features and structures of natural languages which facilitate successful communication.
Membrane Metalloendopeptidases in Immune Function and Disease

The enzymes that compose the ‘Metallopeptidases’ are a diverse group1. Forty-seven distinct evolutionary families of metallopeptidases have been identified in the last eight years; more than for any other protease classes, i.e., the serine/threonine, cysteine, or aspartic classes of proteases (see the Peptidase World Wide Web sites:http://www.qmw.ac.uk/~ugca000/iupac/enzyme/ and htpp://prolysis.phys.univ-tours.fr/Prolysis). In 1987, the primary amino acid sequence of very few metallopeptidases and of only one mammalian metalloendopeptidase (human fibroblast collagenase) were known, and the 3-dimensional structures of very few metallopeptidases (thermolysin, carboxypeptidase A and B) were solved2. 3. Now hundreds of sequences of members of this Class are known, and many x-ray structures have been determined to high resolution (see, for example, reference 4). Thus our information about this class is expanding rapidly.
Enriching Technical Communication Education: Collaborating Across Disciplines and Cultures to Develop the piClinic Console

I have observed that technical communication lessons with a real-world impact provide students with a more engaging learning experience. While this observation is consistent with the theory of adult learning, it is an ongoing challenge to keep the examples fresh from term to term. This report describes my experience developing the piClinic Console from the beginning of project in the spring of 2017 to the present. The piClinic Console is a low-cost, patient information system designed for use in limited-resource clinics in lower-middle-income countries. In addition to helping these clinics begin to automate their patient records, the project has provided opportunities to demonstrate and apply technical communication skills in a real-world context and has initiated inter-departmental and international collaborations. This experience report describes a brief history of how the project began, the design and educational lessons it has provided to our students, the collaborations it has encouraged, some lessons learned, and the plans for future development.
Design Thinking in health care.

INTRODUCTION Applying Design Thinking to health care could enhance innovation, efficiency, and effectiveness by increasing focus on patient and provider needs. The objective of this review is to determine how Design Thinking has been used in health care and whether it is effective. METHODS We searched online databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PyscINFO) for articles published through March 31, 2017, using the terms "health," "health care," or "healthcare"; and "Design Thinking," "design science," "design approach," "user centered design," or "human centered design." Studies were included if they were written in English, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, provided outcome data on a health-related intervention, and used Design Thinking in intervention development, implementation, or both. Data were collected on target users, health conditions, intervention, Design Thinking approach, study design or sample, and health outcomes. Studies were categorized as being successful (all outcomes improved), having mixed success (at least one outcome improved), or being not successful (no outcomes improved). RESULTS Twenty-four studies using Design Thinking were included across 19 physical health conditions, 2 mental health conditions, and 3 systems processes. Twelve were successful, 11 reported mixed success, and one was not successful. All 4 studies comparing Design Thinking interventions to traditional interventions showed greater satisfaction, usability, and effectiveness. CONCLUSION Design Thinking is being used in varied health care settings and conditions, although application varies. Design Thinking may result in usable, acceptable, and effective interventions, although there are methodological and quality limitations. More research is needed, including studies to isolate critical components of Design Thinking and compare Design Thinking-based interventions with traditionally developed interventions.
Temperature, discharge and development shape the larval diets of threatened green sturgeon in a highly managed section of the Sacramento River

Feeding at early fish life stages is a key determinant of survival to recruitment. To understand the environmental and developmental determinants of early life stage feeding in ESA‐threatened green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), we performed a diet study in a highly managed section of California's Sacramento River, where temperature and discharge are controlled by dam releases. Utilising field collections from 2012 to 2016, we assessed the impacts of temperature, discharge and morphological development on the composition and number of prey items in larval green sturgeon diets. Results show that there are more empty stomachs at colder temperatures. Higher discharge conditions decreased prey taxon richness and counts, especially the abundance of cyclopoid copepods in diets. Fish smaller than 30 mm had teeth on the oral jaws and showed a strong reliance on zooplankton prey. The developmental loss of teeth in fish greater than 30 mm was associated with decreased zooplankton consumption and increased richness of benthic macroinvertebrates in diets. Our results show that river management through dam releases has the potential to impact the earliest life stage of green sturgeon by reducing the prevalence of favoured zooplankton prey in diets.
Extraction Methods Play a Critical Role in Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Black Cohosh

Previous studies have indicated that black cohosh extracts obtained using different extraction methods can show different chemical profiles and biological activities. In this study, black cohosh pl...
Mind in Motion

By necessity as well as desire, people move and act in space. Our feet carry us from place to place along paths, just as our minds carry us from idea to idea along paths. The same brain structures that underlie places and paths underlie ideas and relations. We talk that way, too; I just did. Our hands place, raise, lower, put together, take apart, turn over push, pull, and throw objects. Our minds and our talk do the same with thoughts. Our minds allow us to take different perspectives on the paths in space, on the relations among ideas, on actions on objects. That turns out to be the key to creativity.
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Individuals

Globally, cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of adverse outcomes in young individuals, unlike its decline in other age groups. This group is not well studied and has a unique risk profile with less traditional cardiovascular risk factors compared with older populations. Plaque rupture still remains the most common etiology of myocardial infarction, but unique syndromes such as plaque erosion, coronary microvascular dysfunction, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and coronary spasm related to drug use are more prevalent in this age group. Such diversity of diagnosis and presentation, along with therapeutic implications, underscore the need to study the profile of myocardial infarction in young persons. We searched PubMed for articles published from 1980 to 218 using the terms acute myocardial infarction, young, plaque rupture, plaque erosion, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), coronary vasospasm, variant or Prinzmetal angina, drug-induced myocardial infarction, myocarditis, coronary embolism, microvascular dysfunction, MINOCA, and myocardial infarction in pregnancy and reviewed all the published studies. With the data from this search, we aim to inform readers of the prevalence, risk factors, presentation, and management of acute myocardial infarction in young patients and elaborate on special subgroups with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We also outline a parsimonious method designed to simplify management of these complex patients.
Extracting Uranium’s futures: Nuclear wastes, toxic temporalities, and uncertain decisions

Abstract Civilian and military uses of nuclear energy have produced a legacy of high-level radioactive wastes posing threats of millennial duration, and their production continues despite the absence of viable disposal solutions. These materials extend the impact of decisions made today into a far distant future, raising difficult questions regarding intergenerational and intragenerational social justice, ethical responsibility, and collective decision-making. This essay critically reviews those challenges using resources from the fields of communication and rhetoric, sociologies and philosophies of temporality and risk, and science and technology studies. The essay argues that modern notions of prediction, control, and decision-making are inadequate for addressing such highly complex phenomena and long temporal durations. Nuclear waste disposal is then examined as an activity that seeks not only to contain material hazards, but also to symbolically purify the system of nuclear production and consumption. The proposed U.S. nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain provides an example in which predictive models, which warrant both epistemic and political authority, are nevertheless insufficient bases for collective decision-making. The essay then considers the situation in the United States, where a new political economy of nuclear waste appears to be emerging, and offers summary conclusions regarding nuclear power and social justice.
CT-based patient-specific instrumentation for total knee arthroplasty in over 700 cases: single-use instruments are as accurate as standard instruments

Efforts in total knee arthroplasty are made to improve accuracy for a correct leg axis and reduce component malpositioning using patient-specific instruments. It was hypothesized that use of patient-specific instruments (vs. computer-navigated and conventional techniques) will reduce the number of outliers. Our second hypothesis was that single-use instrumentation will lead to the same accuracy compared to patient-specific instruments made of metal. 708 primary total knee arthroplasties between 2014 and 2018 using computer tomography (CT)-based patient-specific cutting block technique and a preoperative planning protocol were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative data [hip–knee–angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), tibial slope, femoral component flexion] was compared to postoperative performed standard radiological follow-up X-rays. Differences of > 3° between measurements were defined as outliers. Overall 500 prostheses using standard instrumentation and 208 prostheses using single-use instruments were implanted. Preoperative HKA axes (− 1.2°; p < 0.001), femoral component flexion (Δ 0.8°, p < 0.001), LDFA (Δ − 1.5°, p < 0.001), MPTA (Δ − 0.5°, p < 0.001) and tibial posterior slopes (Δ 0.5°, p < 0.001), respectively, were different from postoperative axes. More outliers occurred using standard (vs. single-use) instruments (p < 0.001) regarding postoperative HKA (ranges of standard- vs. single-use: instruments: HKA 178.0°–180.5° vs. 178.0°–180.5°, femoral component flexion 0.0°–6.0° vs. 0.0°–4.5°, LDFA 90.0°–91.0° vs. 90.0°–90.0°, MPTA 90.0°–90.0° vs. 90.0°–90.0°, tibial posterior slope − 10° to 10° vs. − 1° to 10°). No differences were seen for other angles measured. Comparing both systems, total number of outliers was higher using standard (8%) vs. single-use instruments (4.3%). This study shows a high accuracy of CT-based patient-specific instrumentation concerning postoperative achieved knee angles and mechanical leg axes. Single-use instruments showed a similar accuracy. III.
Sobering centers, emergency medical services, and emergency departments: A review of the literature.

Abstract Background Acute alcohol intoxication accounts for a large proportion of potentially unnecessary emergency department visits and expenditure. Sobering centers are a cheaper alternative treatment option for alcohol intoxication and can provide an opportunity to treat the psychosocial aspects of alcohol use disorder. Objective of the review The objective of this review is to analyze the existing literature regarding the use of sobering centers, EMS and their role in transporting to sobering centers, and the appropriate triage of the intoxicated patient. Discussion Excessive alcohol consumption accounts for an estimated $24.6 billion in healthcare costs and patients are often referred to the emergency department for expensive care. Current literature suggests sobering centers are an alternative to acute hospitalization and are safe, relatively inexpensive, and may facilitate more aggressive connection to resources such as longitudinal rehabilitation programs for the acutely intoxicated patient. EMS plays a pivotal role in triage and transportation of intoxicated individuals, but demonstration of outcomes in lacking. Conclusions Sobering centers are a cost effective alternative to emergency department visits for acute alcohol intoxication and further research is required to identify safe, effective protocols for EMS to triage patients to appropriate treatment destinations.
A User-Centered Design Approach to Developing a Voice Monitoring System for Disorder Prevention.

Summary Background Many individuals will experience a voice disorder in their lifetime, especially occupational voice users. While a number of voice monitoring systems have been developed, most were designed with the clinician/researcher as the end user. For a patient to use these systems, they need field experts to help them interpret data from the system to understand its meaning. Most of these systems would have challenges in being used in a preventative context with the occupational voice user as the sole system user. Objective The current study introduces a novel design approach: user-centered design (UCD) with paper prototypes in the creation of a voice monitoring system for voice disorder prevention (VDP). The goal of this design approach is to design systems that are engaging and intuitive for users so they will be interested in interacting with the system and be able to benefit from the system without the need of external support. Methods The current study was conducted in two phases: an iterative design phase and a test phase. In the iterative design phase, 15 participants gave their opinions on the measures and feedback designs they felt would be the most beneficial to users. In the test phase, the researchers collected real voice data over multiple sessions for 18 additional participants and provided this data using the final feedback displays from the design phase. Results By engaging in UCD, the researchers identified key design challenges for VDP: (1) educating the user, (2) balancing contextualization and granularity, and (3) addressing disconnection between user and system goals. Conclusion UCD holds promise for designing VDP systems that are both engaging and intuitive for occupational voice users.
Special Considerations in Infants

Advancements in robotic surgery have allowed this modality to evolve from adults to the pediatric population and is pushing the envelope to expand its applications to smaller children.
Anti-PD-L1 therapy does not improve survival in a murine model of lethal Staphyloccocus aureus pneumonia.

BACKGROUND Staphyloccocus aureus (SA) bacterial pneumonia is a common cause of sepsis in intensive care units. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) that target programmed death (PD)-1 protein and its ligand (PD-L1) have been proposed for the treatment of sepsis. However, in our systematic review of sepsis pre-clinical models, none of the models examined CPIs in pneumonia. METHODS Mice were inoculated intratracheally with vehicle control, low (LD)- or high dose (H D)-SA. Immune cell recruitment and checkpoint molecule expression were examined at 4h, 24h and 48h after infection. Infected animals, treated with control or anti-PDL1 antibodies, were assessed for survival, bacterial burden, lung immunophenotypes and mediator production. RESULTS LD-SA and HD-SA produced lethality of 15% and 70% respectively by 168h. At 24h, LD-infected animals exhibited increased lung monocyte PD-L1 expression (p=0.0002) but lower bacterial counts (p=0.0002) compared to HD-animals. By 48h, either infection induced lung neutrophil and macrophage PD-L1 expression (p<0.0001). Anti-PD-L1 treatment at the time of infection and at 24h infection with low to high doses of SA reduced PD-L1 detection but did not affect survival or bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS Anti-PD-L1 therapy did not alter survival in this pneumonia model. Pre-clinical studies of additional common pathogens and septic foci are needed.
Emotional Resilience of Older Adults during COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Studies of Stress and Well-Being.

Objectives: To examine post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and well-being in older adults under quarantine.Methods: A systematic review of CINAHL, Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2020 was conducted. Keywords included coronavirus, epidemic, quarantine, stress, mental health, and similar terms. Included studies enrolled participants under quarantine, quantitatively measured mental health or well-being, and characterized outcomes by age.Results: Of 894 initial results, 20 studies met the criteria and were included. Studies comprise 106,553 participants from eight countries, ages 6-100, two epidemics (COVID-19, SARS), and 27 assessment tools. One study found greater distress in older adults relative to younger adults, one found no significant differences, and 18 found lower negative outcomes in older participants in at least one metric.Conclusions: Older adults in this review generally have lower stress and less negative emotions under quarantine than younger adults. It is unknown how this compares to pre-pandemic measures. More representative and longitudinal studies are needed to measure the impact of quarantine on the mental health of older adults.Clinical Implications: As existing scales may not capture the full extent of pandemic psychological effects on older adults, clinicians must vigilantly monitor older adults' mental health.
Ethics in the public human resource management course: An integrated and case approach to decision making

With a solid foundation in public administration since the 1980s, few could argue that ethics is not an important aspect of a public service education. Yet, in many public human resource management...