cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trichomonas vaginitis in depressed women

W H I L E most women who develop Trichomonas vagina& vaginitis have recurrences, either early or late, the disease is readily relieved by local treatment in the vast majority. However, there is a “hard core” of “refractory” cases that makes up about 10 per cent of the total and, no matter what local measures are recommended, the disease persists in this group for months or even years, during which time the patient continues with the original doctor, or makes the rounds from one doctor to another, confused as to why she cannot be cured. Several years ago Moore and Simpson’ reported on the emotional component of Trichomonas vaginitis, which they regarded as a psychogynecologic disorder, resulting from changes in vaginal physiology subsequent to emotional stress. In their observation any type of stressful situation could initiate the vaginitis, which they advised managing with a minimum of local therapy in order to avoid vaginal “fixation.” The goal of treatment, in their view, was helping the patient: with her fundamental emotional problem, which occasionally required referral for formal psychotherapy. The distribution of Trichomonas vaginitis in 4 different social groups was recently reported on by Buxton and others2 who found these striking contrasts: While there was not a single case among 157 undergraduate students in a women’s college, and while the incidence of infestation was 6.3 per cent in a group of 575 routine obstetric and/or gynecologic patients, there was an incidence
Family history of cancer predicts Papanicolaou screening behavior for African American and white women

BACKGROUND: Understanding women's motivations for getting Papanicolaou (Pap) screening has the potential to impact cancer disparities. This study examined whether having a family history of cancer was a predictor for Pap screening. METHODS: By using the National Health Interview Survey 2000 Cancer Control and Family modules, we identified a subsample (n=15,509) of African American (n=2774) and white women (n=12,735) unaffected by cancer, with and without a family history of cancer. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: African American and white women with a positive family history of cancer were 42% (P < .0001) more likely to have had a recent Papanicolaou (Pap) test than their counterparts without a family history of cancer. Among African American women, those with a positive family history of cancer were 53% more likely to have had a recent Pap test, whereas among white women those with a positive family history of cancer were 41% more likely to have received a Pap test. African American women with a family history of cancer were more likely to have had a recent Pap test than white women with or without a family history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a unique perspective on Pap screening behavior. Having an immediate family member with any cancer statistically predicted having a recent Pap test for both African American and white women. Because these results demonstrated that regardless of the cancer type, having an immediate affected family member is a motivator for cervical cancer screening behavior, healthcare providers managing cancer treatment patients have a teachable opportunity that extends beyond the patient. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Toll-Like Receptor Mediated Regulation of Breast Cancer: A Case of Mixed Blessings

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in American women after skin cancer. It is also the second deadliest cause of fatalities in women, exceeded only by lung cancer (1). There is a lot of variation within the tumors of an individual and also between the tumors of different individuals. These differences account for assessing therapeutic resistance and progression of disease. It is a challenge to characterize these tumors and design effective therapies to control their progression (2). There is a dynamic interaction between the tumors and the immune system, which determines the fate of their existence (3). Most tumors arise as a result of genetic and epigenetic changes that occur within an individual. These changes are often followed by inflammation that helps in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the microenvironment of host tumor cells. The interaction of tumor cells and the cells of the tumor microenvironment determines the invasive potential of the tumors (4).
Plumbers and Architects - A Supervisory Perspective on International Financial Architecture

Financial crises worldwide have been a feature of the past two decades, and particularly in the period 1997-98 in a number of hitherto very successful Asian countries. The paper describes the part being played by financial supervisors, especially through their international groupings - Basel, IOSCO and IAIS - in strengthening the international financial architecture, in order to limit the frequency and sever-ity of crises. The paper suggests that the standard-setting role of financial supervisors needs to be complemented by a much stronger emphasis on compliance with international standards. Three steps are identified: independent assessment of compliance; publication of those assessments; and making use of those public assessments in building in more incentives for compliance, through both markets and official rules. Carrying all of these steps through to a successful conclusion will require close co-operation between the supervisors and others, extra resources and a determination to press on well after the crises have turned into recovery. The changes needed in financial architecture are modest; but the significant changes within and between institutions amount to extensive plumbing work.
Phase I trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon with whole body hyperthermia in advanced cancer

Abstract Laboratory studies have shown a potentiation of the biological effects of interferons (IFN) by elevated temperatures (39.5–40.5°C). Based on such observations a Phase I clinical trial involving 17 cancer patients was conducted to assess the toxicity and biological effects of combining whole body hyperthermia (WBH) (40.5°C for 75 min) and IFN. The study design incorporated a treatment schedule which allowed comparisons of WBH alone, to IFN administered i.m., to combinations of the two modalities. Human lymphoblastoid IFN was given for 6 days in weeks, 2, 4, and 6. At least 4 patients were entered at each of three IFN dose levels (1 × 10 6 units/m 2 ; 3 × 10 6 units/m 2 ; 10 × 10 6 units/m 2 ). WBH was delivered on day 1 of week 1, day 6 of week 4, and days 4 and 6 of week 6. IFN was administered 1 h prior to WBH. The schedule used allowed for the development of tachyphylaxis to IFN-induced fever. Maximum temperatures were not significantly higher 24 h post-IFN/WBH than after a comparable number of days of human lymphoblastoid IFN alone. There was no statistically significant difference in toxicity assessments, hematological and hepatic blood parameters, serum IFN levels, or biological response modulation ( i.e. , 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity; β 2 -microglobulin levels; natural killer cell cytotoxicity, using K562 target cells and Change cells) 24 h posttreatment between human lymphoblastoid IFN alone or combined modality therapy. No cumulative toxicity was observed in 6 patients receiving maintenance therapy for up to 1 year. Prior preclinical observations, together with the clinical safety reported in this study, encourage further investigation into the interactions between IFNs and hyperthermia.
The political economy of taking and just compensation

By creating an implicit right to judicial review and lowering the transaction costs a property owner must incur to challenge a taking, the just compensation restriction on eminent domain limits the tendency of political decision-makers to avoid the subjective costs their actions inflict on property owners and moves the level of taking closer to the social optimum. Its impact, however, is partially to completely erased by the risk aversion of the property owner and the fiscal illusion of the political decision-maker, unless there are additional constraints in the fiscal constitution.
Creep rupture studies of two alumina-based ceramic fibres

Creep rupture tests were performed in air on two polycrystalline oxide fibres (Al2O3, Al2O3-ZrO2) using both filament bundles and single filaments. Tests were performed at applied stresses ranging from 50–150 MPa over the temperature range 1150–1250 °C. Under these conditions, creep rates for the alumina-zirconia fibre ranged from 4.12 × 10−8−7.70 × 10−6s−1. At a given applied stress, at 1200°C, creep rates for the alumina fibre were 2–10 times greater than those of the alumina-zirconia fibre. Stress exponents for both fibres ranged from 1.2–2.8, while the apparent activation energy for creep of bundles of the alumina-zirconia fibre was determined to be 648 ± 100kJmol−1. For the alumina-zirconia fibre, the two test methods yielded similar steady-state creep rates, but the rupture times were generally found to be longer for bundles than for single filaments. The steady-state creep behaviour of these alumina-based fibres is consistent with an interface-reaction-controlled diffusion-controlling mechanism.
Compound formation and energy levels at the interface betweeb amorphous Se and Cu, Ag and Al electrodes

Abstract The formation of selenide layers at the interface between Se and Cu, Ag and Al electrodes has been studied by vacuum photoemission. Cu and Ag react rapidly to form thick selenide layers while Al rectts to produce a layer protective against further reaction. The valence band maximum in the thick Se layer lies 1.26 eV below E F with the copper electrode, 1.2 eV below E F with an Ag electrode and 1.0 eV with an aluminum electrode.
Characterization of the toxicity of Cochlodinium polykrikoides isolates from Northeast US estuaries to finfish and shellfish.

Abstract Harmful algal blooms caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides are annual occurrences in coastal systems around the world. In New York (NY), USA, estuaries, bloom densities range from 103 to 105 mL−1 with higher densities (≥104 cells mL−1) being acutely toxic to multiple fish and shellfish species. Here, we report on the toxicity of C. polykrikoides strains recently isolated from New York and Massachusetts (USA) estuaries to juvenile fish (Cyprinodon variegates) and bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), as well as on potential mechanisms of toxicity. Cultures of C. polykrikoides exhibited dramatically more potent ichthyotoxicity than raw bloom water with 100% fish mortality occurring within ∼1 h at densities as low as 3.3 × 102 cells mL−1. More potent toxicity in culture was also observed in bioassays using juvenile bay scallops, which experienced 100% mortality during 3 days exposure to cultures at cell densities an order of magnitude lower than raw bloom water (∼3 × 103 cells mL−1). The toxic activity per C. polykrikoides cell was dependent on the growth stages of cultures with early exponential growth cultures being more potent than cultures in late-exponential or stationary phases. The ichthyotoxicity of cultures was also dependent on both cell density and fish size, as a hyperbolic relationship between the death time of fish and the ratio of algal cell density to length of fish was found (∼103 cells mL−1 cm−1 yielded 100% fish mortality in 24 h). Simultaneous exposure of fish to C. polykrikoides and a second algal species (Rhodomonas salina or Prorocentrum minimum) increased survival time of fish, and decreased the fish mortality suggesting additional cellular biomass mitigated the ichthyotoxicity. Frozen and thawed-, sonicated-, or heat-killed-, C. polykrikoides cultures did not cause fish mortality. In contrast, cell-free culture medium connected to an active culture through a 5 μm nylon membrane caused complete mortality in fish, although the time required to kill fish was significantly longer than direct exposure to the whole culture. These results indicate that ichthyotoxicity of C. polykrikoides isolates is dependent on viability of cells and that direct physical contact between fish and cells is not required to cause mortality. The ability of the enzymes peroxidase and catalase to significantly reduce the toxicity of live cultures and the inability of hydrogen peroxide to mimic the ichthyotoxicity of C. polykrikoides isolates suggests that the toxicity could be caused by non-hydrogen peroxide, highly reactive, labile toxins such as ROS-like chemicals.
Experimentally Induced Proliferation of the Rudimentary Gonad of an Intact Domestic Fowl

IT is well known that the right female gonad of the domestic fowl ceases to grow about the ninth day of incubation and that it always hypertrophies following sinistral ovariectomy. I have shown1 that œstrogen could act in vivo as the inhibitor of rudiment growth. In view of the anti-œstrogenic effect of 17 α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (‘Nilevar’, Searle) upon the chicken's oviduct2, the effect of this substance upon the rudimentary chicken gonad was investigated. Starting at 60 days of age intact White Leghorn females received 40 subcutaneous injections of ‘Nilevar’. The substance was dissolved in a carrier of 5 per cent benzyl alcohol in corn oil and 0.1 c.c. of solution was injected daily. Experimental procedures were analogous to those outlined in the earlier paper1 and the weights of blotted, fixed (Bouin's fixative) tissue were recorded (Table 1).
Mechanical Properties of Collagen, Fibrin and Collagen-Fibrin Networks

The macroscopic mechanical properties of bio-engineered tissues are inextricably linked to their microstructure. Often, their microstructure is a complex arrangement of several different components (e.g. collagen, fibrin) that interact with each other to give a tissue its overall properties. These microstructural complexities are further compounded by the dynamic cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our group [1] uses fibrin as the starting scaffold material for cell seeding and tissue growth; over time, the underlying microstructure undergoes dynamic remodeling as the fibrin network is degraded and gradually replaced with collagen. Currently, we have a modeling framework that incorporates a single-component microstructure network to predict the mechanical properties of the engineered tissue [2]. However, this model is unable to capture the transient intermediate stages of tissue growth, during which the tissue is composed of interpenetrating collagen and fibrin networks at varying compositions. In this work, we have incorporated a second network into our model and compared these modeling results with experimental data obtained from uniaxial tests on acellular collagen-fibrin co-gels. This work represents one step in the progression of our model to capture better the relationships between tissue microstructure and macroscopic mechanical properties, with the ultimate goal of developing a comprehensive model framework for rational design of functional engineered tissues.© 2010 ASME
Mouse Dendritic Epidermal T Cells Exhibit Chemotactic Migration Toward PAM 212 Keratinocyte Culture Supernatants

Abstract Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are Thy-1 + , CD45 + , CD3 + , CD4 − , CD8 − , and T-cell receptor-Vγ3/Vδ1 + leukocytes that reside normally in adult mouse skin. We have demonstrated previously that keratinocytes serve as adhesion substrates for DETCs, and that interleukin 7 (IL-7), which is produced by keratinocytes, serves as a growth factor for DETCs. The present study was conducted to address the mechanisms by which DETCs migrate into the epidermis, reasoning that keratinocytes may also be a source of chemotactic activity. Short-term DETC lines were 35 S-labeled and tested for migration toward Parn 212 keratinocyte culture supernatants using a modified Boyden chamber method; cell movement from upper chambers toward test samples in lower chambers was traced by counting radioactivity. DETC displayed rapid (within 60 min) and marked (> 50%) migration toward keratinocyte supernatants. The majority of cells that had migrated into keratinocyte supernatants expressed the Vγ3 T-cell receptor, thus verifying that the migrating cells were DETCs. Addition of keratinocyte supernatants to the upper chambers completely blocked migration, suggesting its chemotactic nature. By contrast, no DETC migration was observed toward 3T3 fibroblast supernatants. Chemotactic activities were 1) produced by Pam 212 cells even in the absence of serum; 2) greater than 12 kD in size; 3) heat and pH labile; 4) trypsin sensitive; and 5) precipitated by 60–100% ammonium sulfate. Several cytokines (e.g., IL-1α and IL-8) failed to mediate DETC migration when added to the lower chambers. Likewise, the same cytokines, when added to the upper chambers, failed to inhibit DETC migration toward Pam 212 supernatants. These results support our hypothesis that keratinocytes facilitate the residence of DETC in epidermis by secreting unique chemotactic factors, by providing adhesion substrates, and by elaborating specific growth factors.
Simple method for microgram amounts of sulfate in atmospheric particulates.

Abstract A simple, manual procedure is described which is useful for the analysis of water-soluble sulfate in low volume ( = 20m3) filter samples. The technique uses an aqueous extraction and an exchange reaction between a barium-nitrosulfonazo III chelate and sulfate in aqueous acetonitrile. Decrease of absorbance at 642 nm is measured in a double beam spectrophotometer. The method has been evaluated for extraction efficiency, precision, accuracy, working range, equivalence to other methods, and interferences.
Shock index: blunt clinical predictions.

We appreciate the work of Mutschler and colleagues regarding shock index (SI) in trauma patients [1]; however, we would like to discuss a few points of interest. The SI obtained at the scene differed from the SI obtained in the emergency department (ED). Patients with SI category III had a SI at the scene of 0.7 to 1.5. This indicates that SI can vary with time and vary with changes in medical condition. Patients classified as ‘no shock’ still had a 10.9% mortality rate, a 12.5% risk of multi-organ failure, and a 6.3% risk of sepsis. We do not know when the onset of sepsis occurred in these trauma patients. Thus, a single SI taken within ‘the first hours’ of ED admission might not accurately reflect a patient’s condition, especially if the initial SI is category I or II. Other studies have shown that SI may also lead to an undertriage of those patients most likely to develop early and progressive hemorrhagic shock [2]. In addition, prehospital SI alone was found to have diminished accuracy for patients aged over 60 years [3]. SI may be of limited value in the assessment of systemic oxygen transport [4], which is a more direct measurement of end-organ perfusion and tissue viability than the SI. Finally, the results of this study can best be applied to male patients with blunt trauma injuries who develop hypovolemic shock, but not to every trauma patient on presentation to ED with high risk of other types of shock.
Simian virus 40-, but not human papillomavirus-, transformation of prostatic epithelial cells results in loss of growth-inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3

In addition to its well known calcemic actions, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D] exhibits differentiating and antiproliferative effects in several types of cancer cells. 1,25(OH)(2)D receptors (VDR) as well as 1,25(OH)(2)D-mediated growth-inhibition have been demonstrated in human prostate cancer cell lines. In order to further develop model systems for the study of 1,25(OH)(2)D action and to elucidate the mechanism of growth-inhibition, we studied several human prostate cell lines immortalized with either simian virus 40 (SV40) or human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV). The SV40-transformed cell lines P69SV40-T and P153SV40-T were not growth-inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D at concentrations as high as 100 nM, whereas the HPV-transformed cells PZ-HPV-7 and CA-HPV-10 were growth-inhibited. All cell lines expressed VDR, and VDR mRNA was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. All cells exhibited induction of 24-hydroxylase mRNA, a 1,25(OH)(2)D responsive gene, after 1,25(OH)(2)D treatment. In an attempt to understand the apparent dissociation of 1,25(OH)(2)D actions in the SV40-transformed cells, we turned to the human prostate cancer cell line DU 145. These cells, like the SV40-transformed cells, are not growth-inhibited but demonstrate induction of 24-hydroxylase mRNA after 1,25(OH)(2)D treatment. DU 145 cells contain a mutated retinoblastoma gene (Rb) which contributes to their uncontrolled growth, analogous to the disruption of Rb by SV40 and HPV. We compared DU,145 cells to DU 145 cells transfected with normal Rb (DU 145/Rb). Similar to DU 145, DU 145/Rb cells were not growth-inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D, while 24-hydroxylase mRNA was induced. These results suggest that divergent pathways mediate the growth-inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D and its induction of 24-hydroxylase. It also appears that the antiproliferative effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D is mediated by an Rb-independent mechanism.
Streamwise distribution of the recovery factor and the local heat transfer coefficient to an impinging circular air jet

Abstract An investigation of the radial distribution of the recovery factor and the local heat transfer for an axisymmetric impinging air jet formed by a smooth nozzle is described. The recovery factor is dependent on the jet nozzle to impingement plate spacing, but is independent of jet Reynolds number. The maximum stagnation region heat transfer occurs at a nozzle to impingement plate spacing of about eight jet diameters. A correlation is obtained for the average heat transfer from the surface.
Confirmation of an unexpected brain O-methylation pattern for the dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolinol.

Abstract Using high resolution capillary gas chromatography, we have unequivocally separated two possible (6- and 7-)mono-O-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline metabolites in rat brain after acute intraventricular administration of salsolinol, a cyclized dopamine/acetaldehyde derivative. 7-O-Methylsalsolinol (salsoline) constituted 94–98% of the two isomers in five brain regions examined. These results confirm the report by Bail et al . that salsolinol is largely O-methylated in vivo (presumably by brain catechol-O-methyl transferase) on the hydroxyl situated “para” in the parent dopamine molecule. In comparison, dopamine itself, administered intraventricularly to pargyline-pretreated rats, was O-methylated exclusively on the “meta” hydroxyl group.
Isochores and 3-D visualization of rising and falling slat diapirs

Abstract Diapir fall, which was predicted by physical models, has been identified in salt provinces, such as the South Atlantic margins, the North Sea, and the Paradox Basin (Colorado–Utah). However the 3-D geometry of falling diapirs and their country rock is still poorly understood. 3-D visualization and isochore patterns from a physical model help elucidate this geometry. The model initially comprised a unit of viscous silicone overlain by a prekinematic sand unit. Sand units representing brittle sediments were deposited episodically during gravity gliding and spreading. Regional extension triggered and eventually widened salt walls, causing them to sag. The 3-D visualization shows that regional hydrocarbon migration, which tends to be seaward during diapir rise and landward during diapir fall, can potentially be orthogonal to local migration along grabens at soft-linked zones of relay ramps. Furthermore, anticlinal culminations may form (1) in horsts that bend along strike and (2) adjoining the fork of Y-shaped salt walls. Sequential isochore maps of the overburden show how patterns of sedimentation, deformation, and underlying salt thickness changed through time. Isochores of prekinematic units record only strain: thinned belts record early extension. In contrast, isochores of synkinematic units record mostly thickness variations due to deposition on actively deforming topography. Isochores above sagging diapirs identify the thickest part of crestal depocenters, where the most rapid sagging occurred in regions of maximum extension near the unbuttressed downdip part of the gravity-spreading system. Additionally, asymmetric isochore patterns may reveal underlying half-grabens or tilted symmetric grabens. In relay systems, overlying isochores may indicate which part of a salt wall rose to compensate for sagging elsewhere in the relay.
Discrepancies between men and women in reporting number of sexual partners: A summary from four countries

Men and women in national surveys from four countries, the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Norway, give mutually inconsistent reports of numbers of opposite-gender sexual partners. In all cases the number of female partners reported by men exceeds the number of male partners reported by women. Gender difference in reporting bias seems to be the most plausible explanation for the discrepancies.
Therapy: HIV-associated dyslipidemia: the Heart Positive study

Despite advances in treating HIV infection, dyslipidemia and accelerated cardiovascular disease are prevalent in this patient population. In the Heart Positive study, Balasubramanyam et al. suggest that fenofibrate and niacin combined with diet and exercise are an effective treatment for dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients.
Mammalian hyperplastic discs Homolog EDD Regulates miRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through translation repression and mRNA destabilization. However, the molecular mechanisms of miRNA silencing are still not well defined. Using a genetic screen in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, we identify mammalian hyperplastic discs protein EDD, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a key component of the miRNA silencing pathway. ES cells deficient for EDD are defective in miRNA function and exhibit growth defects. We demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is dispensable for EDD function in miRNA silencing. Instead, EDD interacts with GW182 family proteins in the Argonaute-miRNA complexes. The PABC domain of EDD is essential for its silencing function. Through the PABC domain, EDD participates in miRNA silencing by recruiting downstream effectors. Among the PABC-interactors, DDX6 and Tob1/2 are both required and sufficient for silencing mRNA targets. Taken together, these data demonstrate a critical function for EDD in miRNA silencing.
THE CHAPERONIN ASSISTED AND UNASSISTED REFOLDING OF RHODANESE CAN BE MODULATED BY ITS N-TERMINAL PEPTIDE

Thein vitro refolding of the monomeric, mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1), which is assisted by theE. coli chaperonins, is modulated by the 23 amino acid peptide (VHQVLYRALVSTKWLAESVRAGK) corresponding to the amino terminal sequence (1–23) of rhodanese. In the absence of the peptide, a maximum recovery of active enzyme of about 65% is achieved after 90 min of initiation of the chaperonin assisted folding reaction. In contrast, this process is substantially inhibited in the presence of the peptide. The maximum recovery of active enzyme is peptide concentration-dependent. The peptide, however, does not prevent the interaction of rhodanese with the chaperonin 60 (cpn60), which leads to the formation of the cpn60-rhodanese complex. In addition, the peptide does not affect the rate of recovery of active enzyme, although it does affect the extent of recovery. Further, the unassisted refolding of rhodanese is also inhibited by the peptide. Thus, the peptide interferes with the folding of rhodanese in either the chaperonin assisted or the unassisted refolding of the enzyme. A 13 amino acid peptide (STKWLAESVRAGK) corresponding to the amino terminal sequence (11–23) of rhodanese does not show any significant effect on the chaperonin assisted or unassisted refolding of the enzyme. The results suggest that other sequences of rhodanese, in addition to the N-terminus, may be required for the binding of cpn60, in accord with a model in which cpn60 interacts with polypeptides through multiple binding sites.
A Proposed Solution to the Problem With Using Completely Random Data to Assess the Number of Factors With Parallel Analysis

A number of psychometricians have argued for the use of parallel analysis to determine the number of factors. However, parallel analysis must be viewed at best as a heuristic approach rather than a mathematically rigorous one. The authors suggest a revision to parallel analysis that could improve its accuracy. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to compare revised and traditional parallel analysis approaches. Five dimensions are manipulated in the study: number of observations, number of factors, number of measured variables, size of the factor loadings, and degree of correlation between factors. Based on the results, the revised parallel analysis method, using principal axis factoring and the 95th percentile eigenvalue rule, offers promise.
Dissociation of solvent molecules from Mo2O3I2(dtc)2(solv)2 in solutions of non-coordinating solvents

Abstract Mo 2 O 3 I 2 (dtc) 2 (THF) 2 reacts with solvents in various ways depending on their coordinating ability. With weakly coordinating solvents the coordinatively unsaturated Mo 2 O 3 I 2 (dtc) 2 results because the THF molecules have been removed. With moderately coordinating solvents the THF is replaced by solvent molecules resulting in Mo 2 O 3 I 2 (dtc) 2 (solv) 2 . However, NMR and electronic absorption studies indicate that in CH 2 Cl 2 and CHCl 3 solution the coordinated solvent molecules from the Mo 2 O 3 I 2 (dtc) 2 (solv) 2 species are dissociated. With the strongly coordinating solvent pyridine a complex results which has no MoO bonds.
PROTON HEATING BY NONLINEAR FIELD-ALIGNED ALFVÉN WAVES IN SOLAR CORONAL HOLES

Field-aligned Alfven waves are often viewed as a source of the proton heating that accelerates the fast solar wind. However, the energy that they can inject into the protons in the limit of cyclotron-resonant quasi-linear diffusion is insufficient to account for the observed acceleration. To test the validity of this limit in coronal holes, nonlinear Alfven waves are modeled using a hybrid code. It is found that the nonlinearity is particularly strong when the intensity of antisunward-propagating waves is comparable to that of sunward waves. The sunward waves can be generated by the proton distribution as it evolves with the heliocentric distance. The ponderomotive force and beat interaction are identified as the most important nonlinear effects. The nonlinearity of the field-aligned Alfven waves produces density fluctuations. In the simulations, the amplitude of the density fluctuations was kept within the observed constraints from the interplanetary scintillation measurements in the corona. In this case, the characteristic time of the proton heating is almost 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the solar wind expansion time. Therefore, it can contribute to the energization of the solar wind on the global scale. The nonlinear wave damping operating alone cannot be responsible for the energization because it only causes particle diffusion parallel to the magnetic field. However, it can relax the limitation on the perpendicular diffusion imposed by the cyclotron resonance condition. The nonlinear damping combined with the linear one can then inject the additional thermal energy needed to accelerate the solar wind.
Chemical shift assignments for F-plasmid TraI (381–569)

TraI, the F plasmid-encoded nickase, is a 1,756 amino acid protein essential for conjugative transfer of F plasmid DNA from one bacterium to another. While crystal structures of N- and C-terminal domains of F TraI have been determined, central domains of the protein are structurally unexplored. These middle domains (between residues 306 and 1,500) are known to both bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and unwind DNA through a highly processive helicase activity. Of this central region, the more C-terminal portion (~900–1500) appears related to helicase RecD of the E. coli RecBCD complex. The more N-terminal portion (306–900), however, shows limited sequence similarity to other proteins. In an attempt to define the structure of well-folded domains of this middle region and discern their function, we have isolated stable regions of TraI following limited proteolysis. One of these regions, TraI (381–569), was identified and a genetic construct encoding it was engineered. The protein was expressed, purified, and the sequence-specific chemical shifts for it were assigned.
Pretense Theory and the Imported Background

Kendall Walton’s pretense theory, like its rivals, says that what’s true in a fiction F depends in part on the importation of background propositions into F. The aim of this paper is to present, explain, and defend a brief yet straightforward argument–one which exploits the specific mechanism by which the pretense theory says propositions are imported into fictions–for the falsity of the pretense theory.
The Efficacy of Perioperative Steroid Therapy in Pediatric Primary Palatoplasty

Abstract Objective: To determine if perioperative steroid therapy benefits pediatric primary palatoplasty patients. Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial with a placebo control. Setting: An academic medical center. Patients: Forty-five children undergoing primary repair of their cleft palate between 1989 and 1996 who were under the age of 48 months and without developmental delay or any associated syndrome. Interventions: Intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.25 mg/kg) or a placebo (5% dextrose in water) immediately preoperatively and once every 8 hours for two doses postoperatively. Main outcome measures: Postoperative airway distress, fever, oral fluid in take, discharge eligibility, and palatal fistula formation. Results: Perioperative steroid therapy significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative airway distress (p = .05) and postoperative fever (p = .02); postoperative oral fluid intake, discharge eligibility, and palatal fistula formation were not significantly affected...
Assimilation of Sea Surface Topography into an Ocean Circulation Model Using a Steady-State Smoother

Abstract The central issue of how to obtain useful, approximate, uncertainty estimates for assimilation methods using full general circulation models is addressed. Such estimates would be used with assimilation done by either sequential methods or Pontryagin principle/adjoint techniques. The problem of computing the error covariances of realistic oceanic general circulation models is explored by finding the asymptotic solutions to the Riccati equations governing Kalman filters and related smoothers. Existence of the steady-state is established through applying the concepts of controllability and observability to a coarse-resolution primitive equation model in the presence of altimetric observations. A “doubling algorithm” is then used to solve the Riccati equation. The methodology has the added benefit of rendering sequential estimation methods much less costly. Results are presented for a “twin experiment” and for Geosat altimeter data from the North Atlantic Ocean. A realistic altimetric system improves...
Intrinsic inter-specific competition in a guild of tephritid fruit fly parasitoids: Effect of co-evolutionary history on competitive superiority

Abstract Tephritid fruit fly parasitoid guilds are dominated by solitary koinobiont species that attack different host stages, but most emerge as adults from host puparia. Previous studies suggest intrinsic competitive superiority by the egg-attacking parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) against all larval-attacking parasitoids in Hawaii. In this study, we tested the early-acting competitive superiority prediction in relation to the co-evolutionary history of competition between an egg–larval parasitoid ( Fopius ceratitivorus Wharton), and each of three larval parasitoids [ Psyttalia concolor (Szepligeti), Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway), and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)]. F. ceratitivorus and P. concolor share a common origin (eastern Africa), while D. kraussii is an Australian species, and D. longicaudata is from Southeast Asia. The outcomes of intrinsic competition between the egg-attacking parasitoid and each of the three larval-attacking parasitoids within their common host, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were compared. F. ceratitivorus invariably eliminated the co-evolved P. concolor through physiological suppression of the later-attacking parasitoid’s egg development, providing evidence that supports the early-acting-superiority hypothesis. However, F. ceratitivorus was unable to suppress development of the two non co-evolved larval parasitoids. Instead, the larvae of both later-acting parasitoid species physically killed F. ceratitivorus larvae inside the host. The results suggest that co-evolutionary history influences competitive superiority. The evolution of inter-specific competition and its implications for biological control are discussed.
Resonant band-electron--f-electron scattering theory for highly correlated actinide systems

In earlier studies we recognized that the highly correlated behavior of the f electrons within moderately delocalized light actinide (uranium, neptunium, plutonium) systems is linked to the non-f-band behavior via the hybridization process. By transforming the hybridization into a band-electron--f-electron resonant scattering from the correlated multiplet states of the actinide ions, and considering only the scattering processes that involve f electrons in the ${m}_{l}$=0, ${m}_{s}$=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1/2 states (for quantization along the interionic axis) which dominate the two-ion interactions, our earlier work explained the main features of the anisotropic magnetic equilibrium behavior for the PuSb system but failed to reproduce the correct polarization (longitudinal) for the long-period antiferromagnetic structure observed in the temperature range below the N\'eel temperature. In this paper we include the next-to-dominant scattering channels (single-site scattering processes involving f electrons with ${m}_{l}$=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1, ${m}_{s}$=\ensuremath{\mp}1/2). This refinement changes the angular dependence of the anisotropic interaction, and successfully yields the ferromagnetic to longitudinally polarized long-period antiferromagnetic phase transition as is experimentally observed. Excellent agreement with experiment for the correlation length anisotropy is also obtained. For the magnetic excitation behavior in the ferromagnetic phase pertinent to PuSb at T=0, the theory gives a spectrum with two polarized branches at the zone boundary for q along the [100] (transverse-to-moment) direction. In fact, the predicted excitation behavior is rather remarkable. The appearance of two polarized branches rather than a single branch at the zone boundary occurs only over an extremely narrow range of crystal-field splitting. We choose the crystal-field splitting to give two branches, and this unadjustably yields excitation energies that are very close to the experimental values. An only slightly different crystal-field value would give neither two branches nor correct excitation energies.
Ethers-as solvents in dewaxing of raffinates. Communication 1

Dewaxing of raffinates using ethers from different groups as solvent was investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the ethers investigated in comparison to traditional solvents were demonstrated.
Cancer and the older patient: Let's waltz together

Abstract This is a personal recollection of over 50 years in academic medicine as a clinical hematologist, medical oncologist and hematopathologist. All three areas are involved with managing the aging patient with cancer. The John Hartford Foundation and the American Society of Clinical Oncology provided much of the financial and administrative support to allow for the launching and development of a combined fellowship program in Geriatric Oncology.
Experiment to characterize videos stored on the Web

The design of file systems is strongly influenced by measuring the use of existing file systems, such file size distribution and patterns of access. We believe that a similar characterization of video stored on the Internet will help network engineers, codec designers, and other multimedia researchers. We therefore executed an experiment to measure how video data is used on the Web today. In this experiment, we downloaded and analyzed over 57,000 AVI, QuickTime and MPEG files stored on the Web -- approximately 100 gigabytes of data. Among our more interesting discoveries, we found that the most common video technology in use today is QuickTime, and that the image resolution and frame rate of video files that include audio are much more uniform than video-only files. The majority of all audio/video files have dimensions of CIF or QCIF (or very similar) at 10, 12, 15, or 30 fps, whereas the dimensions and frame rates of video-only files are more uniformly distributed. We also experimentally verified the conjecture that current Internet bandwidth is at least an order of magnitude too slow to support streaming playback of video. We present these results and other statistical information characterizing video on the web in this paper.
Reactions of 2‐chloro‐2‐(4‐pyridyl)propane with nucleophiles. Substitution on tertiary carbon

The reaction of 2-nitro-2-(4-pyridyl) propane (I) with lithium 2-propanenitronate, lithium cyclohexanenitronate, and sodium thiophenoxide affords excellent yields of the C-alkylation products 2-nitro-3-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dimethylbutane (II), 2-(4-pyridyl)-2-(1-nitrocyclohexyl) propane (V) and 2-thiophenyl-2-(4-pyridyl) propane (VI), respectively. In contrast, the reaction of compound I with sodium azide does not afford the expected tertiary azide; but instead gives the dimer 2,3-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dimethylbutane (III), in near quantitative yield. Evidence has been obtained that all of these transformations proceed via electron transfer pathways.
Shipboard Power Systems Reconfiguration—A Cyber-Physical Framework For Response Time Analysis

Several applications within a shipboard system involve the integration of physical systems (e.g., power systems) and cyber computing platforms such as command and control, communications, and sensing networks, and require real-time quality of service (QoS) guarantees. In this paper, the distribution of total (end-to-end) delay associated with fault diagnosis and reconfiguration of shipboard power system (SPS) is investigated from a cyber-physical systems (CPS) perspective. Specifically, a cross-layer end-to-end delay analysis framework is introduced for SPS reconfiguration. The proposed framework stochastically models the heterogeneity of actions of various subsystems involved in the reconfiguration tasks viz., generation of fault information by sensor nodes associated to the power system, processing of actions at control center to resolve fault locations and reconfiguration, and flow of information through communication network to perform necessary actions. The proposed framework then combines appropriately the output delay distributions from each subsystem to: 1) analytically predict the distribution of end-to-end delay in SPS reconfiguration after the occurrence of faults and 2) analyze and design real-time reconfiguration solutions for shipboard CPS, that meet total delay requirements. Simulations using various topological scenarios demonstrate that the proposed analytical framework closely predict the total delay associated with SPS reconfiguration.
Vacuum alignment in technicolor theories: The technifermion sector

We have carried out numerical studies of vacuum alignment in technicolor models of electroweak and flavor symmetry breaking. The goal is to understand alignment implications for strong and weak CP nonconservation in quark interactions. In this first part, we restrict our attention to the technifermion sector of simple models. We find several interesting phenomena, including (1) the possibility that all observable phases in the technifermions' unitary vacuum-alignment matrix are integer multiples of {pi}/N{sup '} where N{sup '}{<=}N, the number of technifermion doublets, and (2) the possibility of exceptionally light pseudo Goldstone technipions. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The intraocular pressure lowering effect of colchicine

Abstract The plant alkaloids, colchicine and vinblastine were studied for their effects on rabbit intraocular pressure. Both colchicine and vinblastine administered either topically or by intravitreal injection lowered intraocular pressure in a dose-dependent manner. A single topical application of 2–5 μg of either of these compounds reduced intraocular pressure significantly for more than 24 hr without signs of ocular irritation or pupillary constriction. Intravenous administration of colchicine (1 mg/kg) was not found to lower intraocular pressure. Lumicolchicine, an inactive isomer of colchicine with little or no affinity for microtubular protein, failed to lower intraocular pressure when administered either topically or intravitreally. Pretreatment with topical colchicine failed to increase the sensitivity of the rabbit iris to the mydriatic effects of topically applied epinephrine. The present results suggest that the microtubular system is involved in the ocular hypotensive action of colchicine and vinblastine.
Response of Peritoneal Exudate Cells to Brucella melitensis. Influence of Nature of Inflammatory Irritant.

ConclusionStudies on mononuclear cell responses to B. melitensis require that attention be paid especially to the nature of inflammatory agent itself when interpreting behavior of the mononuclear cell. The inflammatory substance may so alter mononuclear response as to reverse cytolytic susceptibility of monocytes from normal and immunized animals.
Visualizing creative destruction in entrepreneurship education

Creative destruction — the creation of new industries and the destruction of old industries — is a very abstract concept. Those teaching entrepreneurship, where creative destruction is a central feature, often struggle to communicate the dynamism of industry evolution where industry disruption can yield innovation, entrepreneurial opportunities and new wealth. This paper examines the application of human computer interaction (HCI) and specifically information visualization to the context of entrepreneurship education, a specialized area of business education. The chief aim is to evaluate two-dimensional visualizations of industry emergence and growth to compare entrepreneurship learning outcomes in the general comprehension of creative destruction, the specific comprehension of new market creation in industry evolution, and the rates and dynamics of changing industry market structure. Different two-dimensional visualizations of creative destruction in the Popular Music Industry examining 1951–2008 are developed and tested to determine which visualizations correspond to improved entrepreneurship learning outcomes.
Automated detection of ocular focus.

We characterize objectively the state of focus of the human eye, utilizing a bull's eye photodetector to detect the double-pass blur produced from a point source of light. A point fixation source of light illuminates the eye. Fundus-reflected light is focused by the optical system of the eye onto a bull's eye photodetector [consisting of an annulus ( A ) and a center ( C ) of approximately equal active area]. To generate focus curves, C/A is measured with a range of trial lenses in the light path. Three human eyes and a model eye are studied. In the model eye, the focus curve showed a sharp peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ±0.25 D. In human eyes, the ratio C/A was >4 at best focus in all cases, with a FWHM of ±1 D. The optical apparatus detects ocular focus (as opposed to refractive error) in real time. A device that can assess focus rapidly and objectively will make it possible to perform low-cost, mass screening for focusing problems such as may exist in children at risk for amblyopia.
Identification of pyrethrol with taraxasterol.

The insecticidally inactive substance pyrethrol from pyrethrum flowers has been identified as taraxasterol.