cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D Microstructure of supercritical fluid extrudates. II: Cell anisotropy and the mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of biopolymeric cellular foams are often governed by their microstructure. 2D and 3D microstructural data of supercritical fluid extrudates were obtained with X-ray microtomography and correlated with the mechanical properties determined using compression and three-point bending tests. Cell size from transverse cross-sections of SCFX extrudates decreased with radial distance from the center. In the longitudinal direction, the cell shapes were more elliptical than spherical and were aligned along the extrusion direction. These findings indicated the presence of a certain degree of anisotropy in SCFX extrudates in both directions. Both piece density and the ratio of cell wall thickness to cell diameter were observed to be good predictors of compressive and flexural mechanical properties, including jaggedness parameters. Compressive modulus data suggested that cell shape anisotropy due to cell elongation in the longitudinal direction actually affected the mechanical properties of SCFX extrudates. X-ray microtomography was found to be useful to investigate 2D and 3D morphology of SCFX extrudates, including cell shape and cell size anisotropy.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND DETERMINISM: SUSTAINING THE CONVERSATION*

This article suggests that strategy research should concern itself with continuing the conversation of the field rather than insisting upon a place for universal methodological criteria within that conversation. It attempts to sustain the dialogue begun by Bourgeois, Bowman, Jemison, Huff, and others, who recommend the pragmatic approach of methodological and theoretical pluralism as the best way forward in increasing empirical content. the article draws heavily on the philosophical writings of Dewey, Kaplan, and Rorty and the methodological essays of economists such as Boland, Caldwell, and McCloskey in an effort to persuade others in the strategy field that ‘good science is good conversation’. … once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversation in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’thought Alice, ‘without pictures or conversation?’ Lewis Carroll (1865, p. 5)
Dissociation of Cyclic Inositol Phosphohydrolase Activity from Annexin III

Cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase is a phosphodiesterase that cleaves the cyclic bond of cyclic inositol monophosphate. In 1990, Ross et al. (Ross, T. S., Tait, J. F., and Majerus, P. W. (1990) Science 248, 605-607) purified this enzyme from human placenta and reported that cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase is identical to annexin III. Independent confirmation of this finding has not been provided. The relative distribution of annexin III and cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity in rat kidney and spleen indicated that annexin III can be dissociated from cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity. Rat spleen contains large quantities of annexin III, but has very little cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity. In contrast, rat kidney, one of the richest sources of cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity, possesses very little (immunohistochemistry) or no (Western blot) annexin III. Similar to cytosol of human placenta, cytosol of guinea pig kidney contains both annexin III and cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase. On SDS-gel electrophoresis, guinea pig kidney annexin III has a slightly different mobility than the human placental annexin III. Human placental annexin III co-migrates with cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase on ion exchange chromatography, while guinea pig kidney annexin III is clearly dissociated from cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase on ion exchange chromatography. Both guinea pig kidney annexin III and human placental annexin III pellet with the addition of calcium and centrifugation, while cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity in both of these tissues remains in the supernatant. Our studies clearly show that cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase and annexin III are two different proteins.
Minimum Data Set Plus (MDS+) scores compared with scores from five rating scales.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mandated Minimum Data Set Plus (MDS+) ratings of behavior, function, mood, communication, and cognition to ratings of these domains using analogous research instruments. DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlational study of criterion-related validity. SETTING: Three nursing homes in Rochester, New York. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two nursing home residents. MEASUREMENTS: Nursing home staff completed the MDS+ for each subject. Research scales were completed by trained research clinicians, independently of and blinded to the MDS+ results, using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Dementia Mood Assessment Scale (DMAS), Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale (PGDRS), and Physical Signs and Symptoms Scale (PSMS). RESULTS: MDS+ measures of functional status, cognitive impairment, and communication were highly correlated with comparable research rating scale scores. Pearson correlation between MDS-functional status and PSMS scores was 0.89, between MDS-dementia and BPRS Factor 3 (representing cognitive dysfunction) and MMSE scores was 0.85 and 0.77, respectively, and between MDS-communication and MMSE and PGDRS Item 6 (assessing communication) scores was 0.74 and 0.62, respectively. Behavior and mood scores did not correlate nearly as well with comparable research scale scores. Pearson correlation between MDS-behavior and PGDRS and BPRS total scores was 0.54 and 0.51, respectively, and between MDS-mood and BPRS Factor 1 (depression) and DMAS 1–17 subtotal (mood disturbance) scores was 0.20 and 0.20, respectively. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study in a small sample shows marked agreement between three of the five MDS+ components analyzed and comparable research rating scales and confirms that behavior and mood are difficult to assess with simple instruments. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:305–309, 1996.
Classical Linear-Control Analysis Applied to Business-Cycle Dynamics and Stability

Classical linear-control analysis provides a framework for studying dynamic systems involving random disturbances. This framework is used to develop a set of equations that, in historical perspective, combine traditional concepts about the dynamics of economic systems and about the effects of random economic disturbances. This set of equations provides relationships among well-known ideas in general macroeconomics and provides a means to interrelate and examine ideas about stabilization policies. In this study, linear-control analysis is applied as an aid in understanding the fluctuations of business cycles in the past, and to examine monetary policies that might improve stabilization. The analysis shows how different policies change the frequency and damping of the economic system dynamics, and how they modify the amplitude of the fluctuations that are caused by random disturbances. Examples are used to show how policy feedbacks and policy lags can be incorporated, and how different monetary strategies for stabilization can be analytically compared. Representative numerical results are used to illustrate the main points.
DU145 human prostate carcinoma invasiveness is modulated by urokinase receptor (uPAR) downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling

Tumor cell motility and invasion have been linked to upregulated signaling from both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR). However, we do not know whether these events are interdependent or unrelated, despite the obvious diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Gene microarray analyses have suggested that EGFR signaling via phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) induces uPAR transcription. We utilized two sublines of the DU145 human prostate carcinoma cell line that are genetically engineered to differentially activate the EGFR/PLCγ cascade and are variously invasive in vitro and in vivo. uPAR protein levels in these cells were found to be dependent on PLC signaling, pharmacologic inhibition of PLC signaling reduced uPAR expression. To determine whether uPAR was a required element in EGFR-mediated invasion, we stably expressed uPAR cDNA in either sense or antisense orientation in the two DU145 sublines. Interestingly, uPA production was modulated in parallel, although to a lesser degree, with uPAR in these sublines. Antisense to uPAR significantly restricted invasion of the highly invasive DU145 WT cells through Matrigel and reduced aggressiveness of tumors in nude mice. Up-regulation of uPAR significantly increased the invasiveness of the moderately invasive DU145 parental (DU145 P) cells through Matrigel, but this increased invasiveness was not seen in mice. uPA activity appears to contribute to invasiveness at least through Matrigel, as antibody to uPA or amiloride limited the transmigration. These results support a model of tumor invasion promoted by autocrine EGFR signaling involving reinforcing altered gene expression, of uPAR at least, that further induces cell motility. Herein, a number of key molecules whose expression levels are interrelated, including both EGFR and uPAR, are required but none are sufficient in the absence of other keys molecules in promoting tumor progression.
One-week therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: ranitidine bismuth citrate plus medium-dose clarithromycin and either tinidazole or amoxycillin

Background: One-week ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC)-based triple regimens may be effective for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated the efficacy of two short-term RBC-based eradicating therapies including RBC plus medium-dose clarithromycin and either tinidazole or amoxycillin. Methods: Seventy consecutive patients, who underwent gastroscopy for dyspeptic symptoms and were found to be H. pylori-positive, were randomly subdivided into two groups receiving either RBC 400 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 250 mg t.d.s. and tinidazole 500 mg b.d. (group RBCCT) or RBC 400 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 250 mg t.d.s. plus amoxycillin 1 g b.d. (group RBCCA). H. pylori status was evaluated by means of histology and rapid urease test at entry, and by 13C-urea breath test alone 8 weeks after treatment. Results: Sixty-nine out of 70 enrolled patients completed the study: 35/35 in group RBCCT and 34/35 in group RBCCA. One patient in group RBCCA was lost to follow-up. In group RBCCT, at the end of treatment, 32 of 35 patients were H. pylori-negative (per protocol analysis 91%, intention-to-treat analysis 91%; 95% CI: 77–98%). In group RBCCA, 31 of 34 patients returned H. pylori-negative (per protocol 91%; 95% CI: 76–98%, intention-to-treat 89%; 95% CI: 73–97%). Slight side-effects occurred in 3/35 patients (9%) in group RBCCT and in 3/34 (9%) in group RBCCA. Conclusions: One-week regimens consisting of RBC plus clarithromycin and either tinidazole or amoxycillin, combine high eradication rates with modest side-effects. No substantial difference was found between the two treatment regimens tested in this trial.
Pheromonal markers as indicators of parasite load: parasite-mediated behavior in salamanders (Plethodon angusticlavius)

Assessment of parasite load of conspecifics may be important during social interactions such as courtship and aggressive encounters. We used a correlational study to test whether pheromonal markers can be used to assess parasite load of conspecifics, and whether the parasite load of the pheromone receivers affected their responses. We tested the responses of parasitized and nonparasitized Ozark zigzag salamanders, Plethodon angusticlavius, to territorial markers (fecal pellets) from conspecific males. Males and females were simultaneously exposed to fecal pellets placed in front of two artificial burrows located at the opposite ends of their chambers. The treatments were (1) fecal pellet of male with low parasite load versus fecal pellet of male with high parasite load, (2) fecal pellet of male with low parasite load versus control pellet (chemical blank), and (3) fecal pellet of male with high parasite load versus control pellet. Nonparasitized females spent significantly more time near fecal pellets of males with low parasite load in test condition 1, whereas the behavior of parasitized females was not significantly different from random in any test condition. Males responded differently to treatments only in condition 3; males with low parasite loads spent significantly more time near control pellets, whereas males with high parasite loads spent significantly more time near fecal pellets of males with high parasite loads. This study demonstrates that pheromonal markers may be used for assessment of parasite load of conspecifics and that responses by both males and females may be influenced by their own level of infection.
A computational investigation of the random particle method for numerical solution of the kinetic Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equations

Abstract The random particle method for numerical solution of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker- Planck equations is computationally investigated. Techniques to increase computational speed and reduce stochastic variation for practical implementation of the random particle method are studied. An efficient energy- and momentum-conserving numerical scheme is described. The procedures and techniques are tested on several physical problems.
Murine collagen intron-binding factor I (CIBF-I) is the same protein as transcription factor Oct-1

The recognition sequence (CIB) of collagen intron-binding factor I (CIBF-I) loosely resembles the consensus octamer-binding motif (OCT). In the present study we investigate whether CIBF-I is actually the OCT-binding protein, Oct-1. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSA) demonstrate that a consensus OCT motif effectively competes for CIBF-I binding. CIBF-I and Oct-1 complexes display similar EMSA characteristics, and both factors are detected in nuclear extracts of five different cell types. In addition, pre-incubation of nuclear extracts with antiserum directed against the POU domain of Oct-1 inhibits CIBF-I complex formation. Finally, DNA transfection experiments demonstrate that a single copy of the CIB site is sufficient to stimulate transcription from the SV40 early promoter in NIH 3T3 cells. These results suggest that CIBF-I is the ubiquitously distributed OCT-binding protein, Oct-1, and represent the first report that an octamer-binding protein contributes to the transcriptional activity of a collagen-encoding gene.
Locating gene-environment interaction: at the intersections of genetics and public health.

Abstract Over the past two decades, the applications of genetic and genomic technologies have begun to transform research questions and practices within epidemiology and toxicology, the “core sciences” of public health (Annu. Rev. Public Health 21 (2000) 1). These technologies provide new models and techniques for studying genetic traits, environmental exposures, and gene–environment interaction in the production of human health and illness. This paper explores the consequences of emergent genetic and genomic approaches, their ongoing redefinitions of both genetic and environmental “risks”, and their potential implications for public health practice. The central argument of the paper is that the increasing focus on gene–environment interaction directs scientific, biomedical, and public health attention both inward , to the gene/genome, and outward , to particular places. In so doing, studies of gene–environment interaction create a challenging and productive tension—at the same time that bodies are being geneticized (Am. J. Law Med. 17 (1992) 15), they also are emphatically emplaced, located where social and cultural practices come to matter. This tension, this simultaneous movement outward and inward, towards the gene and towards the environment, into the body and into place, opens up a vista into the processes through which culture and biology form a locally and historically situated dialectic (Encounters With Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and North America, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1993) and raises important questions about the production of health and illness.
Enantioselective aldol reaction with a bromofluoroketene silyl acetal catalyzed by a chiral Lewis acid

Abstract Bromofluoroketene silyl acetal 1 was prepared in pure form. Aldol reactions of 1 with achiral aldehydes catalyzed by chiral Lewis acid 2 proceeded with high enantioselectivity to give optically active syn- and anti -α-bromo-α-fluoro-β-hydroxy esters 3a-h , respectively (up to 99% ee).
DNA damage by thiol-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore at bulged sites.

Bulge structures in nucleic acids are of general biological significance and are potential targets for therapeutic drugs. It has been shown in a previous study that thiol-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore is able to cleave duplex DNA selectively at a position opposite a single unpaired cytosine or thymine base on the 3' side. In this work, we studied in greater detail the nature of this type of cleavage and the basis for the selectivity of the bulge site cleavage over the usual strand cleavage at a T site in the duplex region by using duplexes containing an internal control and a bulge, which is composed of different types and number of bases. Experimental results indicated that the bulge-induced cleavage is initiated by 5' hydrogen abstraction and is greatly affected by the base composition of the bulge. A single-base bulge, especially when containing a purine, yields higher efficiency and greater selectivity for the bulge-induced cleavage. In particular, a single adenine base gives rise to the highest cleavage yield and provides over 20 times greater selectivity for cleavage at the bulge site compared with the internal control site in duplexes. The binding dissociation constants of postactivated drug for a stem-loop structure containing a one- or two-base bulge in the stem, measured by fluorescence quenching, show that the binding is about 3-4 times stronger for bulge-containing duplexes than for perfect hairpin duplexes. For RNA.DNA hybrid duplexes, where the DNA is the target strand and the RNA is the bulge-containing strand, bulge-induced cleavage was observed, although at low yield. On the other hand, when RNA is the nonbulge strand, no bulge-induced cleavage was found. When the reaction is performed in the absence of oxygen, the major product is a covalent adduct, and it is at the same location as the cleavage site under aerobic conditions.
Preparative-scale supercritical fluid extraction/supercritical fluid chromatography of corn bran

A preparative-scale supercritical fluid extraction/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE/SFC) procedure has been developed for the removal of oil from corn bran to obtain fractions enriched with free sterols and ferulate-phytosterol esters (FPE). Operational parameters from an analytical-scale supercritical fluid fractionation technique were translated to and optimized on a home-built, preparatory-scale SFE/SFC apparatus. SFE was performed at 34.5 MPa and 40°C using supercritical carbon dioxide. These conditions did not result in exhaustive extraction of the corn bran, but yielded about 96% of the available oil. SFC was conducted in three steps, followed by reconditioning of the sorbent bed. Preparative-scale SFE/SFC of corn bran produced a fraction enriched greater than fourfold in free sterols and 10-fold in FPE, suggesting that such a scheme could be used industrially to produce a functional food ingredient.
Studies on the uptake and metabolism of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate and N6,O2-dibutyryl 3′:5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in sea urchin eggs

Abstract Application of adenosine 3′: 5′-cyclic monophosphate (CAMP), N 6 , O 2′ -dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBCAMP) or N 6 -monobutyryl cyclic AMP (N6-MBCAMP), from concentrations of 10 −7 to 10 −2 M had no effect on fertilization or cleavage rates in sea urchin eggs up to early gastrula stages. In order to study the permeability of CAMP and DBCAMP in sea urchin eggs, they were incubated with the nucleotides. CAMP was readily taken up by the eggs. There was no significant breakdown of the nucleotide in the extracellular medium, indicating that CAMP entered the cell as such and was not resynthesized from a metabolic breakdown product. When eggs were incubated with DBCAMP, no dibutyryl derivative could be recovered from egg-extracts, the compound having been converted to N 6 MBCAMP. Homogenates of the eggs similarly were able to deacylate DBCAMP, indicating the presence of a potent esterase activity. The intracellular levels of CAMP and N 6 -MBCAMP reached concentrations greater than 10 −5 M, at least two orders of magnitude higher than the CAMP level normally found in sea urchin eggs. These results indicate that CAMP does not participate in regulation of mitosis in early embryogenesis in sea urchin eggs.
Myofibrillar and membrane-bound enzymes in skeletal muscle from myodystrophic mice.

Abstract 1. 1. Experiments were carried out to examine the biochemical changes, such as contractile protein biochemistry and membrane bound enzyme alterations associated with skeletal muscles of myd/myd. 2. 2. Our studies demonstrate that there was a progressive decline in myofibrillar ATPase activity, and this decrease is greatest in 30 weeks old animals of myd/myd as compared to controls. 3. 3. The proteolytic activity of myofibrils isolated from myd/myd was significantly higher than controls. 4. 4. There was no significant difference in Ca 2+ ATPase activity of myosin and actin-activated myosin ATPase activity of myd/myd and their controls. 5. 5. Mg 2+ ATPase and Na + + K + -ATPase of myodystrophic SL showed significant increase compared to controls. 6. 6. Isoproterenol stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was significantly lower in the SL of dystrophic mice compared to controls. 7. 7. GTP + isoproterenol stimulate adenylate cyclase was significantly higher in control SL and SR when compared to SL and SR isolated from myd/myd. 8. 8. Guanylate cyclase activity was greater in myodystrophic mice both in the absence and presence of Triton X-100. cGMP and cAMP phosphodiesterase activities were greater in dystrophic mice as compared to controls. 9. 9. These observations suggest that there are significant changes in myofibrillar ATPase, myofibrillar protease and membrane bound enzymes of myd/myd compared to control.
Residual stresses and birefringence in injection molding of amorphous polymers: Simulation and comparison with experiment

A physical modeling and a two-dimensional numerical simulation of the injection-molding of a disk cavity by using a hybrid finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method (FDM) are presented. Three stages of the injection-molding cycle––filling, packing, and cooling––are included. The total residual stresses are taken to be a sum of the flow stresses calculated using a compressible nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation and the thermal stresses calculated using a linear viscoelastic constitutive equation. The total residual birefringence is taken to be the sum of the flow birefringence related to the flow stresses through the stress–optical rule, and the thermal birefringence related to the thermal stresses through the photoviscoelastic constitutive equation. The Tait equation is used to describe the P-V-T relationship. The simulation shows that without packing the birefringence in the surface layer of moldings, with its maximum near the surface, is caused by the frozen-in flow birefringence (flow stresses) and in the core region by the frozen-in thermal birefringence (thermal stresses). With packing, a second birefringence maximum appears between the center and the position of the first maximum due to flow in the packing stage. The predicted birefringence profiles and extinction angle profiles are found to be in fair agreement with corresponding measurements in literature for disk moldings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 622–639, 2006
Impact of Breast Radiotherapy on Late Toxicities and Reoperation Following Mastectomy With Tissue Expander Based Reconstruction

Materials/Methods: The results from 15 patients treated with 3D-CRT enrolled on an IRB approved trial studying the impact of RT technique upon lung function in node-positive breast cancer are presented. Patients received breast/chest wall and regional nodal irradiation including superior internal mammary node (IMN) RT to a dose of 50 Gy with a 10 Gy boost. All underwent both SPECT lung perfusion scanning and pulmonary function testing (PFT) pre-RT and one year post-RT. The SPECT scans were co-registered and normalized and the ratio of decreased perfusion one year after RT was calculated on a voxel-wise basis. Dose to regions of the ipsilateral lung with decreased post-RT perfusion was calculated in 10% increments. The volume, mean dose, and percent volume of each region receiving > 20 Gy, > 30 Gy, > 40 Gy, and > 50 Gy (V20-V50), with standard deviations (SD), were assessed. Results: Evidence of decreased perfusion was noted in every patient following RT. The average lung volume showing a 20% and 50% deficit (expressed as % of entire ipsilateral lung) was 28% (SD 12%) and 10% (SD 9%), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean dose and V20-V50 were higher for regions with a 40-50% perfusion deficit compared to a 10-20% deficit (Table). The greatest deficits were associated with RT to the supraclavicular fields. No significant changes in lung symptoms or PFTs were observed in any patient. Conclusions: In the assessment of 15 patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with 3D-CRT in a prospective clinical trial, decreased lung perfusion by SPECT was uniformly demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the largest study quantifying lung perfusion defects in a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients where SPECT scans could be registered directly to 3D treatment fields for precise dose estimates. While no patient developed lung symptoms suggesting acceptable 3D dose-volume constraints even with treatment to the superior IMNs, this study demonstrates the ability to correlate in-field lung dose with subsequent perfusion risk. These data will serve as a reference for comparing lung exposure risk after 3D-CRT against other radiation techniques. Acknowledgment: Funding provided by the NIH (R01 CA102435) and by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Author Disclosure: A.L. Liss: None. N.S. Kapadia: None. R.B. Marsh: None. V. Rogers: None. J. Balter: None. J.M. Moran: None. K. Frey: None. L. Pierce: E. Research Grant; NIH (R01 CA102435) and by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.
THE IMPACT OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ON SOCIAL SERVICE PRACTICE

Ninety social service agency and long‐term care administrators and staff completed a questionnaire that assessed the impact of a short‐term university training program for increasing their ability to work with families and develop linkages with the informal support network of the elderly. Respondents’ levels of comfort increased significantly in each of the sex identified areas: advocating for families, providing information and referral, helping families to problem‐solve, communicating with families, dealing with the feelings of the elderly and their families, and setting limits on help provided. Twenty‐nine percent of respondents indicated changes occurred in agency policies, procedures, or programs as a result of the training program. The most common change was the implementation of new programs. Lack of time and lack of agency resources were identified as the primary barriers to applying knowledge and developing formal linkages with the informal support system.
The virtual patrol: capturing and accessing information for the soldier in the field

While a military patrol may be well-planned, its soldiers well-trained, and the intelligence objectives achieved, the information requirements of the commander may change significantly after the patrol has returned. An area that has been scouted for military action may later be the focus for humanitarian aid. In addition, the artifacts and intelligence gained from presence patrols may cause an intelligence officer, upon reflection, to wish for more specifically targeted information than what the patrol was told to recover. Georgia Tech's Virtual Patrol allows a soldier to revisit a patrol captured earlier using the Soldier's Assist System (SAS) wearable computer. SAS captures video, ambient audio, speech audio, high resolution still images, GPS position, altitude, orientation, and body movement during a patrol. The soldier can replay the patrol as a continuous movie, search for specific events, or quickly browse the patrol using a map-based or timeline-based interface. The soldier can quickly select media from the interface to semi-automatically create a presentation about the patrol. In this talk, we will describe the difficulties of creating the on-body capture hardware for this project, the lessons learned in interface design, and the challenges of automatically indexing media taken from the patrols using the types of events soldiers wish to search.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR SCLERITIS AND UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

We treated 19 patients with anterior uveitis, episcleritis, or scleritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Adequate control of ocular inflammation was achieved in 16 patients (84%). Ocular inflammation was adequately controlled with corticosteroids alone, without systemic adverse effects, in only three patients, all of whom had anterior uveitis associated with ulcerative colitis. Systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs proved beneficial in six of seven patients, and one additional patient benefited from another anti-inflammatory drug (hydroxychloroquine sulfate). Systemic cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy was used in the remaining seven patients, six of whom had bilateral disease. Ocular inflammation was controlled in six of these patients. Azathioprine was beneficial for scleritis but was less effective for anterior uveitis, especially in Crohn's disease, thus necessitating the use of another cytotoxic agent. HLA-B27-positive anterior uveitis was more refractory to corticosteroid therapy and was more likely to require systemic cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy. With the medical and surgical strategies described, vision was improved or maintained in all patients in the study group.
Philosophy as the Opening for Faith.

The purpose of this paper is to consider some reasons why philosophy, in its current highly pluralist state, can be a valuable means of creating, with the help of divine grace, an opening for faith. My paper begins with (1) the challenging conceptual diversity that besets the very idea of Catholic higher education, i.e., the theme of this issue of JCHE. After reviewing Professor Prusak’s account of this diversity in his introduction , I turn to (2) the challenge presented by another sort of diversity, that of philosophy itself. I then argue (3) that, given philosophy’s distinctive response to the human condition and the ubiquity of belief, it is, in its diversity, an invaluable element of undergraduate education in general. In order to show that philosophy is an essential part of a Catholic college curriculum, I fi rst (4) identify three ideologies or worldviews that threaten to close off the prospects of faith and then (5) argue that a philosophical habitus has resources to thwart this closure and provide an opening for faith.
Noncanonical Control of Vasopressin Receptor Type 2 Signaling by Retromer and Arrestin

The vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) is a critical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for vertebrate physiology, including the balance of water and sodium ions. It is unclear how its two native hormones, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), both stimulate the same cAMP/PKA pathway yet produce divergent antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects that are either strong (VP) or weak (OT). Here, we present a new mechanism that differentiates the action of VP and OT on V2R signaling. We found that vasopressin, as opposed to OT, continued to generate cAMP and promote PKA activation for prolonged periods after ligand washout and receptor internalization in endosomes. Contrary to the classical model of arrestin-mediated GPCR desensitization, arrestins bind the VP-V2R complex yet extend rather than shorten the generation of cAMP. Signaling is instead turned off by the endosomal retromer complex. We propose that this mechanism explains how VP sustains water and Na(+) transport in renal collecting duct cells. Together with recent work on the parathyroid hormone receptor, these data support the existence of a novel "noncanonical" regulatory pathway for GPCR activation and response termination, via the sequential action of β-arrestin and the retromer complex.
The Anticonvulsant Ethosuximide Disrupts Sensory Function to Extend C. elegans Lifespan

Ethosuximide is a medication used to treat seizure disorders in humans, and we previously demonstrated that ethosuximide can delay age-related changes and extend the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The mechanism of action of ethosuximide in lifespan extension is unknown, and elucidating how ethosuximide functions is important for defining endogenous processes that influence lifespan and for exploring the potential of ethosuximide as a therapeutic for age-related diseases. To identify genes that mediate the activity of ethosuximide, we conducted a genetic screen and identified mutations in two genes, che-3 and osm-3, that cause resistance to ethosuximide-mediated toxicity. Mutations in che-3 and osm-3 cause defects in overlapping sets of chemosensory neurons, resulting in defective chemosensation and an extended lifespan. These findings suggest that ethosuximide extends lifespan by inhibiting the function of specific chemosensory neurons. This model is supported by the observation that ethosuximide-treated animals displayed numerous phenotypic similarities with mutants that have chemosensory defects, indicating that ethosuximide inhibits chemosensory function. Furthermore, ethosuximide extends lifespan by inhibiting chemosensation, since the long-lived osm-3 mutants were resistant to the lifespan extension caused by ethosuximide. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism of action for a lifespan-extending drug and indicate that sensory perception has a critical role in controlling lifespan. Sensory perception also influences the lifespan of Drosophila, suggesting that sensory perception has an evolutionarily conserved role in lifespan control. These studies highlight the potential of ethosuximide and related drugs that modulate sensory perception to extend lifespan in diverse animals.
Differential Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Kidney Disease: A Community-Wide Perspective

Background: Patients seeking care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present with multiple symptoms. The objectives of our community-wide study are to examine the symptom profile of patients with, as compared with those without, kidney disease who present to the hospital with independently confirmed AMI. Methods: The symptom profile of 4,482 patients from the Worcester, MA, metropolitan area hospitalized with independently validated AMI at all 11 area medical centers during the 4 study years of 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 was examined. Factor analysis was used to aggregate the relevant symptoms of AMI. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine differences in symptoms of AMI according to the presence of kidney disease while controlling for several potentially confounding demographic and clinical factors. Results: Patients with kidney disease were less likely to report chest pain (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.70), arm pain (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.42 to 0.64), shoulder pain (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.72), or neck pain (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.70), while being more likely to report shortness of breath (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.62), in comparison to patients without kidney disease in the setting of AMI. Conclusion: Kidney disease impacts on the manner in which patients present with AMI. Although patients with kidney disease are at known increased risk for several diseases, this study suggests that kidney disease also might change how these patients experience these diseases, including acute coronary disease.
Blood and Marrow Neutrophils during Experimental Group B Streptococcal Infection: Quantification of the Stem Cell, Proliferative, Storage and Circulating Pools

Blood and Marrow Neutrophils during Experimental Group B Streptococcal Infection: Quantification of the Stem Cell, Proliferative, Storage and Circulating Pools
In vitro HeLa cell DNA synthesis similarity to in vivo replication.

An in vitro DNA synthesizing system, consisting of a HeLa cell lysate which incorporated dNTPs into an acid-insoluble, DNase-labile product, was optimized for incorporation per nucleus. Synthesis depended on the presence of all four dNTPs and was linear for about 15 minutes, then slowed and finally stopped after one to two hours at 37 °C. The DNA synthesized in vitro was found to be preferentially attached by covalent linkage to sites which had just been replicated in vivo. DNA fiber autoradiography of DNA labeled in vitro suggests that synthesis occurs by the replicon mechanism proposed for in vivo replication, but at a fork movement rate 50 to 60% of that in vivo. When analyzed on alkaline sucrose gradients, dNTPs appeared to be incorporated by a semidiscontinuous mechanism, with label after brief pulses (10 to 20 s) distributed about equally between a peak of Okazaki fragments and a very heterogeneous distribution of longer DNA strands. Okazaki fragments, which can be initiated in vitro, sedimented in a broad peak averaging 180 nucleotides in length.
Multiple regions of quantum criticality in YbAgGe

Dilation and thermopower measurements on YbAgGe, a heavy-fermion antiferromagnet, clarify and refine the magnetic-field temperature ($H$-$T$) phase diagram and reveal a field-induced phase with $T$-linear resistivity. On the low-$H$ side of this phase we find evidence for a first-order transition and suggest that YbAgGe at 4.5 T may be close to a quantum critical end point. On the high-$H$ side our results are consistent with a second-order transition suppressed to a quantum critical point near 7.2 T. We discuss these results in light of global phase diagrams proposed for Kondo lattice systems.
Squaric acid: Reactions with certain metals

Abstract The metals which were exposed to the action of aqueous squaric acid formed salts of comparatively low solubility. At room temperatures the solubility of magnesium squarate dihydrate, for example, was in the 0.5% range. Of the metals investigated only magnesium and zinc could be said to react rapidly. Under the conditions imposed some of the metals, such as nickel, aluminum, and indium, required many hours, or even days, to react sufficiently to yield precipitates. The activity of certain metals could be increased by placing in intimate contact with metallic copper. Predictably, only iron, cobalt, and nickel formed colored squarates. In general the salt of a given metal appeared in several different forms. Although there was some similarity in the crystalline forms of the various squarates, there was a tendency for those of several metals, such as aluminum and lead, to be restricted to smaller dimensions than others, such as zinc and cadmium. An interesting property of the product formed by tin was that the spontaneous evaporation of part of the moisture from the reaction mixture yielded a gel, in which the original crystalline forms could no longer be detected. This property was not observed in connection with any of the other metals studied.
A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of gender differences in treatment retention among clients in a faith-based residential drug treatment program in Taiwan

Faith-based treatment programs have played a visible and acclaimed role in Taiwan's long struggle against drug abuse and its social consequences. Christian organizations have been the main sponsors...
Postsedimentation Application of Polyaluminum Chloride to Enhance Dual Media Filter Performance

The postsedimentation addition of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was investigated as a means to enhance particle removal effi- ciency in dual media filtration. The process modification was evaluated in laboratory studies and at the Cornell Water Filtration Plant (CWFP). The PACl was continuously metered into CWFP filter influent to increase concentrations by 0.06-4.2 mg=L (as aluminum) during the filter-to-waste stage of the filter operation cycle to accelerate filter ripening. Lower influent PACl concentrations ranging from 0.056-0.43 mgAl=L were also continuously applied during filtration. In comparison to a control filter that received no PACl addition, the ripening time required decreased with PACl dose, and the incremental improvement in particle removal during filtration increased with PACl dose. The addition of 0.056 mgAl=L of PACl (the lowest concentration tested) significantly reduced initial filter ripening time at the CWFP from 10-1.4 h, and effluent turbidity in the test filter over the 77 h filter run was lower than the control filter by an average of 17%. Incremental head loss increase caused by the PACl feed was dose dependent and was negligible for the lowest dosage tested. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000659. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Filtration; Chloride; Sediment; Laboratory tests. Author keywords: PACl; Filtration; Ripening.
Comparison of Intramuscular Ziprasidone, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole for Agitation: A Quantitative Review of Efficacy and Safety

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of the intramuscular formulations of ziprasidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole in treating agitation. Data sources The pivotal registration trials were accessed by querying on-line literature and clinical trial databases. Pharmacovigilance data and posters were requested from the manufacturers. No date or language constraints were applied. Study selection Nine double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trials were identified. Data extraction Number needed to treat (NNT) for response to treatment for agitation and number needed to harm (NNH) for extrapyramidal effects were calculated from the study reports. Additional safety outcomes subject to NNH analysis were obtained from product labeling. Data synthesis Using the a priori definitions of response at 2 hours after the first injection, NNT for response versus placebo (or placebo equivalent) in treating agitation for the pooled data at the recommended dose of ziprasidone 10-20 mg was 3 (95% CI = 2 to 4), for olanzapine 10 mg was 3 (95% CI = 2 to 3), and for aripiprazole 9.75 mg was 5 (95% CI = 4 to 8). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring during the pivotal trials revealed statistically significant NNH versus placebo (or placebo equivalent) for aripiprazole for headache (NNH = 20, 95% CI = 11 to 170) and nausea (NNH = 17, 95% CI = 11 to 38), for ziprasidone in the treatment of headache (NNH = 15, 95% CI = 8 to 703), and for olanzapine in treatment-emergent hypotension (NNH = 50, 95% CI = 30 to 154). Olanzapine and aripiprazole had a more favorable extrapyramidal side effect profile compared to haloperidol. (There was no haloperidol treatment arm in the ziprasidone studies.) Conclusions Although the lowest NNT, and hence strongest therapeutic effect, was seen for the studies of ziprasidone and olanzapine as opposed to aripiprazole, head-to-head controlled studies directly comparing these 3 agents are needed.
Diagnostic diversity: The role of social class in diagnostic experiences of infertility

Research in the area of the sociology of diagnosis has recently expanded. Despite this development, the foundations of the social aspects of diagnoses, including race, class and gender, are relatively unexplored. Understanding such diversity is important, however, as researchers have shown that diagnoses have significant repercussions on the illness experience. This article is an effort to overcome this gap in the literature by examining class diversity in interpretations and understandings of diagnoses. Using the medicalised condition of infertility as a case example of class differences around diagnoses, I conducted 58 in-depth interviews with infertile women of various class backgrounds in the USA. By comparing the lived experiences of infertility between higher and lower class women, I explore differences in the understanding, interpretation and outcomes of diagnoses, specifically. Furthermore, among lower class women, I examine how they understand infertility outside the medical diagnostic framework. The findings reveal how interpretations and experiences of diagnoses vary depending on an individual's social location. In other words, the study demonstrates that class matters in terms of diagnoses and their understanding.
Antibody capture from corn endosperm extracts by packed bed and expanded bed adsorption

Topical treatments of chronic infections with monoclonal antibodies will require large quantities of antibodies. Because plants have been proven capable of producing multisubunit antibodies and provide for large-scale production, they are likely hosts to enable such applications. Recovery costs must also be low because of the relatively high dosages required. Hence, we have examined the purification of a human secretory antibody from corn endosperm extracts by processing alternatives of packed bed and expanded bed adsorption (EBA). Because of the limited availability of the transgenic corn host, the system was modeled by adding the antibody to extracts of nontransgenic corn endosperm. Complete clarification of a crude extract followed by packed bed adsorption provided antibody product in 75% yield with 2.3-fold purification (with antibody accounting for 24% of total protein). The small size of the packed bed, cation-exchange resin SP-Sepharose FF and the absence of a dense core (present in EBA resins) allowed for more favorable breakthrough performance compared to EBA resins evaluated. Four adsorbents specifically designed for EBA operation, with different physical properties (size and density), chemical properties (ligand), and base matrices were tested: SP-steel core resin (UpFront Chromatography), Streamline SP and Streamline DEAE (Amersham Biosciences), and CM Hyper-Z (BioSepra/Ciphergen Biosystems). Of these, the small hyperdiffuse-style resin from BioSepra had the most favorable adsorption characteristics. However, it could not be utilized with crude feeds due to severe interactions with corn endosperm solids that led to bed collapse. UpFront SP-steel core resin, because of its relatively smaller size and hence lower internal mass transfer resistance, was superior to the Streamline resins and operated successfully with application of a crude corn extract filtered to remove all solids of >44 μm. However, the EBA performance with this adsorbent provided a yield of only 61% and purification factor of 2.1 (with antibody being 22% of total protein). Process simulation showed that capital costs were roughly equal between packed and expanded bed processes, but the EBA design required four times greater operating expenditures. The use of corn endosperm as the starting tissue proved advantageous as the amount of contaminating protein was reduced ∼80 times compared to corn germ and ∼600 times compared to canola. Finally, three different inlet designs (mesh, glass beads, and mechanical mixing) were evaluated on the basis of their ability to produce efficient flow distribution as measured by residence time distribution analysis. All three provided adequate distribution (axial mixing was not as limiting as mass transfer to the adsorption process), while resins with different physical properties did not influence flow distribution efficiency values (i.e., Peclet number and HETP) when operated with the same inlet design.