cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Differences in Human Hippocampal Connectivity During Episodic Memory Processing

The question of longitudinal hippocampal functional specialization is critical to human episodic memory because an accurate understanding of this phenomenon would impact theories of mnemonic function and entail practical consequences for the clinical management of patients undergoing temporal lobe surgery. The implementation of the robotically assisted stereo electroencephalography technique for seizure mapping has provided our group with the opportunity to obtain recordings simultaneously from the anterior and posterior human hippocampus, allowing us to create an unparalleled data set of human subjects with simultaneous anterior and posterior hippocampal recordings along with several cortical regions. Using these data, we address several key questions governing functional hippocampal connectivity in human memory. First, we ask whether functional networks during episodic memory encoding and retrieval are significantly different for the anterior versus posterior hippocampus (PH). We also examine how connections differ across the 2-5 Hz versus 4-9 Hz theta frequency ranges, directly addressing the relative contribution of each of these separate bands in hippocampal-cortical interactions. While we report some overlapping connections, we observe evidence of distinct anterior versus posterior hippocampal networks during memory encoding related to frontal and parietal connectivity as well as hemispheric differences in aggregate connectivity. We frame these findings in light of the proposed AT/PM memory systems. We also observe distinct encoding versus retrieval connectivity patterns between anterior and posterior hippocampal networks, we find that overall connectivity is greater for the PH in the right hemisphere, and further that these networks significantly differ in terms of frontal and parietal connectivity. We place these findings in the context of existing theoretical treatments of human memory systems, especially the proposed AT/PM system. During memory retrieval, we observe significant differences between slow-theta (2-5 Hz) and fast-theta (4-9 Hz) connectivity between the cortex and hippocampus. Finally, we test how these distinct theta frequency oscillations propagate within the hippocampus, using phase slope index to estimate the direction slow-theta and fast-theta oscillations travel during encoding and retrieval. We uncover evidence that 2-5 Hz oscillations travel in the posterior-to-anterior direction, while 5-9 Hz oscillations travel from anterior-to-posterior. Taken together, our findings describe mnemonically relevant functional connectivity differences along the longitudinal axis of the human hippocampus that will inform interpretation of models of hippocampal function that seek to integrate rodent and human data.
Accounting MattersTax transparency

As increasing pressures on government budgets lead to austerity measures, a growing number of protesters, corporate watchdog groups, and policymakers are shining the light on worldwide corporate tax avoidance. Current and proposed disclosures at the entity and country levels will pull back the veil of tax secrecy and inevitably prompt more regulatory and tax authority oversight. These disclosures could also lead to damning front-page stories and, ultimately, tax code reform. This first installment of Accounting Matters takes a close look at what tax transparency may mean for U.S. multinationals in the coming years. The article concludes with recommendations for officers and owners to manage tax and reputational risks through U.S. and international planning strategies.
Metabolic disorders with immunologic consequences

Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism encompass hundreds of individual, rare, inherited diseases, including disorders of amino acids, organic acids, urea cycle, purine and pyrimidines, energy metabolism and subcellular organelle function. While most of these disorders are multi-systemic, the immune system rarely plays a central role in the disorder, with a few notable exceptions. However, many of these metabolic disorders are known to present with regression and/or metabolic decompensation in the setting of fever and infection, which increases baseline energy requirements. Specific treatments include blood products and/or granulocyte colony stimulating growth factor (G-CSF) for pancytopenia, and intravenous immunoglobulin for comorbid immunodeficiency. Maintaining immune health is extremely important in metabolic disorders, with clinicians providing education on reducing risk of infection, adherence to vaccination schedules, and timely administration of antibiotics or antivirals including Tamiflu. Metabolic clinicians need to recognize and refer to an immunologist for any concerns about immune deficiency or immune dysfunction.
Customer Reactions to Voluntary Use of Automated Service Interactions: An Abstract

An increasing number of service providers offer automated service interactions (ASI) in an effort to improve service effectiveness and efficacy. However, there has been little academic research investigating ways to encourage customers to choose automated customer-to-machine service interactions over traditional customer-to-employee service interactions. From the service organization’s perspective, the main draw for offering ASI is to “do more with less” by enabling customers to more accurately, quickly, and efficiently perform tasks that were previously undertaken by service employees. Customer satisfaction from an increased level of customization and convenience and from giving customers more control over their own experiences are added benefits. However, there is evidence of customers’ resistance to adopting SST as a service option, as nearly 80% of respondents to a poll conducted by MSN claimed that they would be less inclined to go to a restaurant that uses ASI for ordering. Drawing on self-determination theory and prior research, this paper explores how promoting customer’s voluntary use of ASI drives positive customer service experiences. A dual study approach is taken to test the hypotheses. In Study 1, respondents’ personal experiences of voluntarily using ASI in field contexts are measured by surveying customers. In Study 2, survey findings are replicated in an experimental setting to enhance the robustness of the findings. The analysis reveals perceived control as a mechanism through which a customer’s voluntary use of ASI results in positive customer service experiences. In addition, customers are more willing to use ASI when their observation of other customers using it shows that it is hassle-free. This study focuses on understanding the benefits of encouraging a customer’s voluntary use of ASI in service delivery and identifies the boundary condition that enhances the intentions to use ASI. The findings demonstrate that promoting a customer’s voluntary use of ASI enhances the customer’s perceived control over completing the service task, which in turn leads to positive customer service experiences. Furthermore, ease of use amplifies the intentions to use ASI.
Chinese Exilic Intellectual: Escaping from Collectivism

During the 1960s and late 1980s, Chinese modern history is full of turbulence and controversy. Chinese exilic intellectuals who chose to flee to overseas during this period bore the weight of private tragedy, historical trauma, and political disputes, which, more or less, is mirrored in their writings. And encountering a profoundly ambivalent, marginal, and “unhealable” condition, Chinese exilic intellectuals fit the notion of metaphoric exile in Said’s sense. However, unlike the exilic intellectuals in the contexts of postcolonialism or imperialism, they on the one hand, voluntarily self-exile themselves from the Chinese collective consciousness to pursue individualism; on the other hand, “Chineseness,” as an indispensable element, is deeply inscribed in their writing with particular nostalgia. Thus, it is unlikely to categorize Chinese exilic intellectuals into any existing theories regarding exile while the understanding of exile should be extended and reconsidered.
Microporous silica membranes promote plasmonic nanoparticle stability for SERS detection of uranyl

Silica membrane stabilized gold coated silver (Ag@Au) (i.e., internally etched silica coated Ag@Au (IE Ag@Au@SiO2)) nanoparticles promote surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity and detection of uranium(VI) oxide (uranyl) under harsh solution phase conditions including at pH 3–7, with ionic strengths up to 150 mM, and temperatures up to 37 °C for at least 10 hours. These materials overcome traditional solution-phase plasmonic nanomaterial limitations including signal variability and/or degradation arising from nanoparticle aggregation, dissolution, and/or surface chemistry changes. Quantitative uranyl detection occurs via coordination to 3-mercaptopropionate (MPA), a result confirmed through changes in correlated SERS intensities for uranyl and COOH/COO− vibrational modes. Quantification is demonstrated down to 110 nM, a concentration below toxic levels. As pH varies from 3 to 7, the plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles are unchanged, and the uranyl signal depends on both the protonation state of MPA as well as uranyl solubility. High ionic strengths (up to 150 mM) and incubation at 37 °C for at least 10 hours do not impact the SERS activity of uranyl even though slight silica dissolution is observed during thermal treatment. All in all, microporous silica membranes effectively protect the nanoparticles against variations in solution conditions thus illustrating robust tunability for uranyl detection using SERS.
DUNE Production processing and workflow management software evaluation

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be the world’s foremost neutrino detector when it begins taking data in the mid-2020s. Two prototype detectors, collectively known as ProtoDUNE, have begun taking data at CERN and have accumulated over 3 PB of raw and reconstructed data since September 2018. Particle interaction within liquid argon time projection chambers are challenging to reconstruct, and the collaboration has set up a dedicated Production Processing group to perform centralized reconstruction of the large ProtoDUNE datasets as well as to generate large-scale Monte Carlo simulation. Part of the production infrastructure includes workflow management software and monitoring tools that are necessary to efficiently submit and monitor the large and diverse set of jobs needed to meet the experiment’s goals. We will give a brief overview of DUNE and ProtoDUNE, describe the various types of jobs within the Production Processing group’s purview, and discuss the software and workflow management strategies are currently in place to meet existing demand. We will conclude with a description of our requirements in a workflow management software solution and our planned evaluation process.
Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Characteristics of Pulmonary Hamartomas With Uncommon Presentation.

Objectives To investigate the clinicopathologic and radiologic features of pulmonary hamartomas (PHs) with uncommon clinical presentation. Methods A retrospective clinicopathologic and radiologic review was performed for patients diagnosed (1999-2019) with multiple hamartomas, lesions arising adjacent to a coexisting pulmonary malignancy, and tumors with predominantly extrapulmonary localization. Results Of 979 patients diagnosed with PHs, 6 (0.6%) had multiple hamartomas, 4 (0.4%) had hamartomas adjacent to lung adenocarcinoma, and 2 (0.2%) had large mediastinal masses. Patients with multiple lesions had a median age of 65 years and mean tumor size of 0.9 cm; 1 patient had 3 hamartomas, and 5 patients had 2. Lesions next to adenocarcinomas had a mean size of 1.4 cm, and affected patients had a median age of 69 years. Predominantly mediastinal PHs, diagnosed in a 63-year-old woman and a 68-year-old man, measured 4.1 to 6 cm and were connected to the lung. All lesions were solid on imaging with absence of definitive fat or calcification, concerning for granuloma or malignancy. All cases had typical histology of PH, although one of the mediastinal tumors had an unusual amount of epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusions PHs can be clinically and radiologically challenging to diagnose. Histopathologic examination of biopsies and resection specimens is diagnostically crucial in this setting.
Sevoflurane But Not Propofol Provided Dual Effects of Cell Survival in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

Background We have hypothesized that the most commonly used intravenous (propofol) and inhalational (sevoflurane) general anesthetics affect cell survival concentration and duration dependently with different potency associated with their differential potency to affect intracellular calcium homeostasis. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with either wild type or M146L mutant human presenilin 1 were cultured and exposed to equipotent of propofol or sevoflurane. Cell viability, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium were measured. Results Sevoflurane but not propofol, at clinically relevant concentrations and durations, promoted cell survival. Prolonged exposure (24 hours) of 1% sevoflurane resulted in significant cell damage in both types of cells. Both sevoflurane and propofol had significantly higher cell response rates to the elevation of cytosolic calcium or mitochondrial calcium in the presence of extracellular calcium. With the contribution of calcium influx, sevoflurane but not equipotent 1 MAC propofol, caused a significantly greater increase in peak and overall calcium in Alzheimer's mutation cell than in wild type cells, but significantly more increase in overall mitochondrial calcium concentrations in wild type than mutation cells. In the absence of extracellular calcium influx, sevoflurane, but not propofol, caused more significant elevations of overall mitochondrial calcium concentration in mutation cells than control cells. Conclusion Calcium influx contributed to the general anesthetics mediated elevation of cytosolic or mitochondrial calcium, which is especially true for propofol. Sevoflurane has a greater potency to either promote or inhibit cell survival than propofol, which may be associated with its ability to affect cytosolic or mitochondrial calcium.
Understanding Somatic Symptoms Associated with South Korean Adolescent Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Social Anxiety.

Korea’s suicide rate has increased steadily in recent years and it has become the leading cause of death among Korean youth. This paper aims to propose suicide risk identification strategies for South Korean youth by identifying profiles of suicide risk alongside reported somatic complaints. For several reasons, somatic complaints are more commonly reported than mental health concerns in Korea, where somatic complaints are likely to be representative of larger mental health worries. Nationally representative data of Korean first-year middle school students were used to identify mental health profiles by examining reported suicidal ideation, depression, and social anxiety and the prediction effect of reported somatic symptoms within these profiles. Results indicated that female students reported a greater level of suicidal ideation, depression, and social anxiety compared to male students. Each gender (females and males) exhibited five different mental health profile groups, which ranged from low risk to high risk. Somatic symptoms (sleep, stomach ache, tiredness, breathing, appetite, headache, fever, nausea) significantly predicted each profile group, with sleep issues serving as the strongest predictor for risk across both genders and all groups. Therefore, for mental health professionals working with Korean youth, it is encouraged to identify and recognize somatic complaints as potentially representative of mental health concerns and suicidality risk.
Synthesis Methods for Robust Nonlinear Control

In this paper, we will discuss the application of robust control techniques and especially ?-synthesis to the Army's ATB-1000 test fixture. For comparison, two SISO controller designs are also described. The test fixture is pattered after the Apache helicopter's 30 mm gun and has tunable nonlinearities which may be representative not only of the nonlinearities of the gun, but of other mechanical systems as well. The models of the test fixture which were available at the time of the work are also described. The goal in pointing the gun is to reduce dispersions of fired gun rounds on targets. The resulting ?-synthesis design, when connected with a nonlinear simulation, exhibited limit-cycle behavior of unacceptable amplitude. The unacceptable performance is due to the nonlinearities and, in future work, would be improved upon by frequency domain trade-offs during the synthesis step. In particular, we will sketch the use of advanced nonlinear H? techniques for such problems.
AN EXPERIENTIAL APPROACH FOR TEACHING BUSINESS ETHICS

Despite the recognition in the business literature of the need to include ethics in all business courses, ethics is still given at best a perfunctory treatment by many instructors. This paper presents two pedagogical methodologies that the authors have used with success for teaching ethics to undergraduate business students. The approaches described in this paper are founded on the belief that in order to raise students' consciousness about ethical issues, students must be challenged to experience conscious ethical conflicts and to incorporate their own values into solving ethical problems. The power of working through ethical conflicts lies in its ability to force such a confrontation and, through it, to achieve enhanced self understanding.
How the proposd Basel Guidelines on rating-agency assessments would affect developing countries

Using historical data on sovereign and individual borrowers, the authors assess the potential impact on non-high-income countries of linking capital asset requirements for banks to private sector ratings, as the Basel committee has proposed. They show that linking bank's capital asset requirements to external ratings would have undesirable effects for developing countries. First, ratings of banks and corporations in developing countries are less common, so capital asset requirements would be practically insensitive to improvements in the quality of assets-widening the gap between banks of equal financial strength in higher- and lower-income countries. Second, bank and corporate ratings in developing countries (unlike their counterparts in high-income countries) are strongly linked to the sovereign ratings for the country-and appear to be strongly related (asymmetrically) to changes in the sovereign ratings. A sovereign downgrading would bring greater changes in capital allocations than an upgrading, and would call for larger capital requirements at the very time access to capital markets was more difficult. Under the new guidelines, capital requirements in developing countries would thus be exposed to the cyclical swings associated with the revision of sovereign ratings in recent crises. Ultimately, linking banks' capital asset requirements to private sector ratings would reduce the credit available to non-high-income countries and make it more costly, limiting economic activity. Bank capital needs in developing countries would be more volatile than those in high-income countries. These findings suggest that the Basel Committee should assess the role it proposes assigning to external ratings, to minimize the detrimental impact of the regulatory use of such ratings on developing countries.
A linear-logarithmic CMOS sensor with offset calibration using an injected charge signal

A combined linear and logarithmic image sensor is implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m 1P3M technology. The pixel is 7.5/spl times/7.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with a 37% fill factor and contains only 4 transistors. Offset calibration in the logarithmic region is realized by using electrical charge injection into the photodiode. The sensor achieves 120 dB DR and the offset calibration reduces the FPN from 13 mV to 5 mV.
Principles for Mentor Teacher Selection

Programs aimed at improving the experiences of beginning teachers are an important part of professional development activities (Furtwengler 1993). Varying greatly in intended purpose, organization, and resources, most programs include as a central feature a veteran teacher who serves as a mentor, coach, or "buddy" for a beginning teacher. Generally, experienced teachers take on mentoring responsibilities in addition to their work assignments, although they may be released from some or all of their assignments to serve as mentors (DeBolt 1992; Ganser, Freiberg, and Zbikowski 1993). Choosing veteran teachers to serve as mentors is critical to the success of any mentoring program. Recent studies have identified the basic principles that can guide the related processes of selecting prospective mentors and pairing them with beginning teachers (Bey and Holmes 1990, 1992; Gordon 1991; and Odell 1990), principles I will be discussing here.
Decay patterns of dysprosium nuclei produced in 32S+118,124Sn fusion reactions.

Multiplicity distributions of neutrons and energy spectra of light charged particles have been measured in coincidence with evaporation residues from the [sup 32]S+[sup 118,124]Sn fusion reactions at [ital E][sub lab]=130--180 MeV. The experimental data are found to be in agreement with the results of statistical-model calculations, provided [ital a]=[ital A]/12 MeV[sup [minus]1] is assumed for the effective level-density parameter for all nuclides in the decay path. Simulation calculations have further shown that such a low value of the level-density parameter cannot be explained as a result of a possible population of superdeformed bands, unaccounted for by the statistical-decay code.
Electron Microscopy of Colicin I-Producing Cells

Electron microscope examination of mitomycin C-induced strains of Escherichia coli colicinogenic for colicins Ia or Ib reveals particles of approximately 15 to 20 nm in diameter associated with the cell surface. Such structures are not present on uninduced colicinogenic strains nor on a mitomycin C-treated non-colicinogenic strain. In contrast to wild-type colicinogenic strains, induction of a colicinogenic strain known to be lacking the specific colicin I receptor was shown to result in the release of colicin activity into the cell medium. Examination of such induced mutants by electron microscopy showed their cell surfaces to be free of the particles observed on the wild-type strain. The cell medium of such induced mutant strains contained large numbers of particles of similar size and shape to those found on the surface of induced colicinogenic wild-type strains.
Laboratory Tests Ordered By a Chiropractic Sports Physician on Elite Athletes Over a 1-Year Period

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss laboratory tests ordered on elite athletes in an interdisciplinary sports medicine clinic by a doctor of chiropractic over 1 calendar year. Methods A retrospective review of laboratory tests ordered during routine clinical practice as standard screening and diagnostic tests from November 1, 2009, to November 1, 2010 was performed. Data were collected during clinical encounters at one sports medicine clinic and entered into a database for analysis. Descriptive and frequency statistics were used to describe the tests ordered and the frequency of abnormal findings. Results Five hundred and thirty-nine studies were ordered for diagnostic and routine screenings on 137 athlete patients (86 males, 51 females), representing 49 types of tests. Sample sources included blood, urine, skin lesions, and fecal matter. The most commonly ordered tests were complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, serum ferritin, creatine kinase, serum iron and total iron binding capacity, total cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone, and lipid panels. There were 217 studies (40%) flagged as abnormal by the reporting laboratory. Conclusion This report provides greater insight into the diverse array of laboratory studies ordered over a 1-year period for diagnosis and screening of elite athletes. A high percentage of the results were flagged as abnormal by the laboratory. These findings show that the unique physiology of the elite athlete must be considered when interpreting laboratory findings in this population.
Influence of sediment characteristics on the composition of soft-sediment intertidal communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Benthic infaunal communities are important components of coastal ecosystems. Understanding the relationships between the structure of these communities and characteristics of the habitat in which they live is becoming progressively more important as coastal systems face increasing stress from anthropogenic impacts and changes in climate. To examine how sediment characteristics and infaunal community composition were related along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast, we sampled intertidal infaunal communities at seven sites covering common habitat types at a regional scale. Across 69 samples, the communities clustered into four distinct groups on the basis of faunal composition. Nearly 70% of the variation in the composition of the communities was explained by salinity, median grain size, and total organic content. Our results suggest that at a regional level coarse habitat characteristics are able to explain a large amount of the variation among sites in infaunal community structure. By examining the relationships between infaunal communities and their sedimentary habitats, we take a necessary first step that will allow the exploration of how changes in habitat and community composition influence higher trophic levels and ecosystem scale processes.
Abstract 26: Retirement of a Quality Measure: The Case of Beta Blocker Use After Myocardial Infarction

Background: Quality measures are increasingly used as a basis for targeting intervention and structuring compensation. Their use has lead to substantial improvements in care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and congestive heart failure. Because of these improvements, many cardiovascular quality metrics are slated for retirement in 2015. The consequences of removing external quality monitoring are unclear. We evaluated the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)’s retirement in 2007 of the measure for beta-blocker prescribing after AMI because of consistently high performance. This was one of the first quality measures to be retired. Methods: We used medical and pharmacy claims from a large national insurer from 2003-2013 to compare trends in the proportion of AMI patients who filled a beta blocker prescription within 7 days of discharge according to HEDIS specifications. The quality measure reporting period was 2003 through 2006 and the period after the measure was retired was 2007 through 2013. Pre and post trends were compared using interrupted time-series design with linear regression models. Results: From 2003-2013, we identified 25,648 patients with AMI eligible for beta blocker prescription. Overall 79.2% patients filled a beta-blocker within 7 days of discharge. Beta blocker prescription rates were improving at a rate of 0.28 percentage points per month during the quality measure reporting period. Retirement of the measure lead to a flattening of this trend and an abrupt 4.8 percentage point decrease in the proportion of patients discharged with a beta-blocker post-AMI (p < .001 for changes in level and slope). This decrease was highest for HMO/PPO enrollees (11.6% points, p < .001). Adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical factors attenuated the decrease in beta blocker prescription rates but did not eliminate the effect. Conclusion: We found that beta blocker use among post-AMI patients appears to be much lower than publically-reported national averages. Beta blocker fill rates increased during the period of NCQA quality measure reporting but decreased significantly after this measure was retired. This finding may have relevance to upcoming plans to remove external monitoring for other cardiovascular quality measures. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The longitudinal association between substance use and delinquency among high-risk youth

Over the past two decades, studies have provided evidence for the strong link between substance use (SU) and delinquency among adolescents. However, the dynamics of this relationship and its temporal ordering remain unclear. The current study used four waves of data collected from high-risk youth over a 12-month period to examine the temporal association between SU and delinquency. Youth (n=449) were recruited from the Los Angeles juvenile probation system. The majority of the sample was male (87%), with 43% Hispanic, 16% White, 15% African American, and 26% of participants describing themselves as some other ethnicity. We estimated a series of cross-lagged path models using maximum likelihood estimation and controlled for gender, age, ethnicity, and time spent in a controlled environment during the study period. We estimated models examining the cross-lagged association between SU and drug-related crime, interpersonal crime, and property crime. The temporal relationship between SU and delinquency was similar across the three types of crime, thus we estimated a fourth model examining the relationship between SU and a latent delinquency variable indicated by the three crime scales. Findings indicated that the relationship between SU and delinquency was reciprocal at each time point, suggesting that the reciprocal effects of SU and delinquency appear to be fairly stable over time.
A herbicidal fatty acid produced by Lyngbya aestuarii

Abstract A herbicidal component isolated from ethanolic extracts of Lyngbya aestuarii was identified as 2,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid. It inhibited the growth of Lemna minor at concentrations higher than 200 ng/ml. Growth inhibition was strongly pH dependent.
Identification of a type 1 insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGF BP) in serum from rats with diabetes mellitus.

Summary Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGF BP) activity is increased in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Separation of BPs by SDS/PAGE for ligand and immunoblot analysis revealed that a 32,000 molecular weight BP is present and increased in diabetic serum. This BP is immunologically distinct from the low molecular weight fetal rat BP (rBP2) and is related to the human amniotic fluid BP (hBP1) that is increased in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Identity and Language Learning: Extending the Conversation (2nd ed.). by Bonny Norton

For Eva, a Polish immigrant learning English and working at a fast food restaurant in Canada, communicating with coworkers and customers requires more than applying the appropriate turn of phrase o...
Glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration in the hearts of doxorubicin-treated rabbits.

Abstract Doxorubicin-treated cardiotoxicity was studied in the rabbit. Rabbits given intravenous injections of 1.5 mg doxorubicin/kg body weight (3 times per week for 3 weeks) developed morphological and histological alterations in their hearts. In addition to these changes, both glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration were significantly reduced in the hearts of the doxorubicin-treated rabbits. The decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity is probably related to the decrease in the concentration of selenium, since this enzyme requires selenium for activity and, furthermore, since in vitro studies failed to show any effect of doxorubicin on glutathione peroxidase. Although the mechanism responsible for the observed decrease in selenium is not known, an alteration in the selenium flux in the myocardial cell may account for the observation. The results of the present studies suggest that the observed increase in lipid hydroperoxides in the hearts of doxorubicin-treated animals may be the result of a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity.
Effect of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein on expression of the gene for chicken malic enzyme.

Abstract The gene for malic enzyme is expressed at a high level in chick embryo-hepatocytes (CEH) treated with triiodothyronine (T3) and at a low level in the absence of T3. In chick-embryo fibroblasts (CEF), expression of the malic enzyme gene is low and not regulated by T3. Specific nuclear proteins from both CEH and CEF bound to a consensus CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) site at −335 to −327 bp of the malic enzyme gene. The level of binding was much higher in extracts from CEH than in extracts of CEF, and the complexes formed had different mobilities. C/EBPα was present in the complex that bound to the C/EBP site in nuclear extracts from CEH but not in those from CEF. The C/EBP element was necessary and sufficient to bestow full T3 responsiveness to 5800 bp of 5′-flanking DNA of the malic enzyme gene in CEH. C/EBPα was not detectable in wild-type CEF, and deletion of the C/EBP binding site had no effect on expression of transgenes containing 5800 bp of 5′-flanking DNA of the malic enzyme gene. In CEF, overexpression of C/EBPα stimulated promoter activity of constructs that contained the C/EBP site linked to the malic enzyme promoter or a heterologous reporter. The results suggest that C/EBPα or a closely related isoform is involved in the tissue-specific expression of the malic enzyme gene.
Time-Resolved Interventional Cardiac C-arm Cone-Beam CT: An Application of the PICCS Algorithm

Time-resolved cardiac imaging is particularly interesting in the interventional setting since it would provide both image guidance for accurate procedural planning and cardiac functional evaluations directly in the operating room. Imaging the heart in vivo using a slowly rotating C-arm system is extremely challenging due to the limitations of the data acquisition system and the high temporal resolution required to avoid motion artifacts. In this paper, a data acquisition scheme and an image reconstruction method are proposed to achieve time-resolved cardiac cone-beam computed tomography imaging with isotropic spatial resolution and high temporal resolution using a slowly rotating C-arm system. The data are acquired within 14 s using a single gantry rotation with a short scan angular range. The enabling image reconstruction method is the prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) algorithm. The prior image is reconstructed from data acquired over all cardiac phases. Each cardiac phase is then reconstructed from the retrospectively gated cardiac data using the PICCS algorithm. To validate the method, several studies were performed. Both numerical simulations using a hybrid motion phantom with static background anatomy as well as physical phantom studies have been used to demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate reconstruction of image objects with a high isotropic spatial resolution. A canine animal model scanned in vivo was used to further validate the method.
Effects of bar length on switching field of nanoscale nickel and cobalt bars fabricated using lithography

The switching behavior of isolated nanoscale nickel and cobalt bars, which were fabricated using electron‐beam lithography, was studied as a function of bar length. The bars have a 35 nm thickness, a 100 nm width, and a length varying from 200 nm to 5 μm. Magnetic force microscopy showed that except for the Ni bars with a length equal to or less than 250 nm, all other as‐fabricated bars were single domain. Unlike the bar width dependence, the switching field of the single‐domain bars was found to first increase with the bar length, then decrease after reaching a peak. The peak switching field and the corresponding bar length are 640 Oe and 1 μm for Ni and 1250 Oe and 2 μm for Co, respectively. The nonmonotonic length dependence suggests that the magnetization switching may be quasicoherent in the short bars and incoherent in the long bars, and that the exchange coupling is much stronger in Co bars than in Ni bars. Furthermore, the switching field of 1‐μm‐long Co bars was found to increase monotonically as the bar width decreases, reaching 3000 Oe at a 30 nm width.
Disturbance Recording in IEC 61850 Substation Automation Systems

IEC 61850 is the new standard for communications in substations. It provides a set of new features that allow the development of distributed applications based on high-speed peer-to-peer communications. They can be used in different ways for the recording of abnormal system conditions. Cross-triggering of recording between different devices connected to the substation local area network, recording of waveforms using distributed sampled analog values during short circuit faults or recording voltage and frequency profiles using generic object oriented substation event (GOOSE) messages are described in the paper
A comprehensive analysis of 22q11 gene expression in the developing and adult brain

Deletions at 22q11.2 are linked to DiGeorge or velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), whose hallmarks include heart, limb, and craniofacial anomalies, as well as learning disabilities and increased incidence of schizophrenia. To assess the potential contribution of 22q11 genes to cognitive and psychiatric phenotypes, we determined the CNS expression of 32 mouse orthologs of 22q11 genes, primarily in the 1.5-Mb minimal critical region consistently deleted in VCFS. None are uniquely expressed in the developing or adult mouse brain. Instead, 27 are localized in the embryonic forebrain as well as aortic arches, branchial arches, and limb buds. Each continues to be expressed at apparently constant levels in the fetal, postnatal, and adult brain, except for Tbx1, ProDH2, and T10, which increase in adolescence and decline in maturity. At least six 22q11 proteins are seen primarily in subsets of neurons, including some in forebrain regions thought to be altered in schizophrenia. Thus, 22q11 deletion may disrupt expression of multiple genes during development and maturation of neurons and circuits compromised by cognitive and psychiatric disorders associated with VCFS.
Analytic sets from the point of view of compact sets

A set A ⊂ ω ω is called compactly if, for every compact K ⊂ ω ω , A ∩ K is . Consider the proposition that every compactly set is . ( AD implies that it is true, ZFC + CH implies that it is false.) We are concerned here with whether this is consistent with ZFC , particularly when n = 1. In the case of sets (that is, analytic sets), this consistency question is due to Fremlin (see [7], page 483, problem 18). Kunen and Miller [3] have proved the following two theorems.
Diagnostic tools to evaluate a spatial land change projection along a gradient of an explanatory variable

This paper proposes a method to quantify the goodness-of-fit of a land change projection along a gradient of an explanatory variable, by classifying pixels as one of four types: null successes, false alarms, hits, and misses. The method shows: (1) how the correctness and error of a land change projection are distributed along the gradient of an explanatory variable, (2) how the gradient of the explanatory variable relates to the stationarity of the land transition processes, and (3) how to use the insights from the previous two points to search for additional explanatory variables. The paper illustrates the method through a case study that applies the model Geomod in Central Massachusetts, USA. Results reveal that the model predicts more than the observed amount of change on flat slopes and less than the observed amount of change on steep slopes. One reason for these types of errors is that the land change process during the calibration interval is different than the process during the prediction interval with respect to slope. The method allows modelers to use the validation step as a diagnostic tool to search for potentially influential missing variables and to gain insight into land transition processes. The technique is designed to be applicable to a variety of types of land change models.
Recovery of dissolved organic matter in sea-water and organic sorption by particulate material

Abstract A brief discussion on some initial data concerning organic matter dissolved in sea-water and its adsorption on particulate material is given. Various methods of isolating dissolved organic matter, its effect on the buffer system and on calcium carbonate solubility are discussed. In addition some data on the fatty acid content of sea-water is given. The studies on the sorption of organic material on suspended sedimentary particles indicate a functional relationship of mineralogy and organic type.
Periosteum Biology and Applications in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration

The bone-regenerative potentials of the periosteum have been explored as early as the 17th century. Over the past few years, however, much has been discovered in terms of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the periosteal contribution to bone regeneration. Lineage tracing analyses and knock-in transgenic mice have helped define the relative contributions of the periosteum and endosteum to bone regeneration. Additional studies have shed light on the critical roles that BMP, FGF, Hedgehog, Notch, PDGF, Wnt, and inflammation signaling have or may have in periosteal-mediated bone regeneration, fostering the path to novel approaches in bone-regenerative therapy. Thus, by examining the role that each pathway has in periosteal-mediated bone regeneration, in this review we analyze the status of the current research on the regenerative potential of the periosteum. The provided analysis aims to inform both clinician-scientists who may have interest in the current studies about the biology of the periosteum as well as dental surgeons who may find this review useful to perform periosteal-harnessing bone-regenerative procedures.
CNTF mediates neurotrophic factor secretion and fluid absorption in human retinal pigment epithelium.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects photoreceptors and regulates their phototransduction machinery, but little is known about CNTF's effects on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) physiology. Therefore, we determined the expression and localization of CNTF receptors and the physiological consequence of their activation in primary cultures of human fetal RPE (hfRPE). Cultured hfRPE express CNTF, CT1, and OsM and their receptors, including CNTFRα, LIFRβ, gp130, and OsMRβ, all localized mainly at the apical membrane. Exogenous CNTF, CT1, or OsM induces STAT3 phosphorylation, and OsM also induces the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p44/42 MAP kinase). CNTF increases RPE survivability, but not rates of phagocytosis. CNTF increases secretion of NT3 to the apical bath and decreases that of VEGF, IL8, and TGFβ2. It also significantly increases fluid absorption (JV) across intact monolayers of hfRPE by activating CFTR chloride channels at the basolateral membrane. CNTF induces profound changes in RPE cell biology, biochemistry, and physiology, including the increase in cell survival, polarized secretion of cytokines/neurotrophic factors, and the increase in steady-state fluid absorption mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. In vivo, these changes, taken together, could serve to regulate the microenvironment around the distal retinal/RPE/Bruch's membrane complex and provide protection against neurodegenerative disease.
What is the clinical significance of ipsilateral renal lesions during nephron-sparing surgery?

What is the clinical significance of ipsilateral renal lesions during nephron-sparing surgery?
A Duplex System of Communications for Microwaves

This paper discusses the properties of a communication system obtained by the use of a single microwave oscillator as both transmitter and beating oscillator of a superheterodyne receiver. The oscillator is stabilized in frequency by an electronic circuit at the frequency of a high-Q cavity and frequency-modulated about this stabilization frequency. The resultant communication sets are capable of very simple duplex communication in pairs, and evidence that he is being received at the other station is given to the operator initiating communication. An application to communication from ground to aircraft, utilizing the very large number of channels available in the microwave region, is discussed. A booster station for a relay link, based on the same principles, is suggested, and an experimental version of the duplex microwave communication set is described.
Comparative efficacy of oral and intravenous granisetron for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis

Intravenous 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists are now established antiemetics in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. For optimal convenience and acceptability, oral therapy is desirable. Retrospective comparisons indicate that oral granisetron may have an efficacy comparable with that of intravenous granisetron. Recent new data are available on the use of granisetron in the prophylaxis of acute emesis in randomized, double-masked trials. After moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, the optimal regimen appears to be 1 mg twice daily, although 2 mg once daily is equally effective. Oral granisetron is significantly superior to oral prochlorperazine. After high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy, oral granisetron is as effective as metoclopramide plus dexamethasone; the addition of dexamethasone further enhances its efficacy. Oral granisetron was well tolerated in all these trials. Headache and constipation were the most common adverse events, as has been reported for other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. No randomized trials of oral-only tropisetron or dolasetron have yet been published.
Optical attenuation of plasmonic nanocomposites within photonic devices

Plasmonic nanostructures enable microscopic optical manipulation such as light trapping in photonic devices. However, integration of embedded nanostructures into photonic devices has been limited by tractability of nanoscale and microscale descriptions in device architectures. This work uses a linear algebraic model to distinguish geometric optical responses of nanoparticles integrated into dielectric substrates interacting with macroscopic back-reflectors from absorptive and nonlinear plasmonic effects. Measured transmission, reflection, and attenuation (losses) from ceramic and polymer composites supporting two- and three-dimensional distributions of gold nanoparticles, respectively, are predictable using the model. A unique equilateral display format correlates geometric optical behavior and attenuation to nanoparticle density and back-reflector opacity, allowing intuitive, visual specification of density and opacity necessary to obtain a particular optical performance. The model and display format are useful for facile design and integration of plasmonic nanostructures into photonic devices for light manipulation.
Simulated and observed L-HH radar backscatter from tropical mangrove forests

Abstract We applied the Santa Barbara canopy backscatter model to model radar backscatter from mangrove forest stands in the Ganges delta of southern Bangladesh, and assessed the feasibility of delineating flooding boundaries within the stands. Modelled L-band (0-235 m wavelength) HH backscatter showed that canopy volume scattering dominated for stands under nonflooded ground surface. Double bounce trunk-ground term were enhanced by the presence of water under trees. For flooded mangrove forest, the trunk-ground term was dominant at small radar incidence angles; the trunk-ground term dominancy reduced as the incidence angle increased. Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B) data and model results showed that for the mangrove forest, radar data with small incidence angles should be used to delineate the flooding boundaries.
Gender and situational differences in managers' values: A look at work and home lives.

Abstract This study examined gender differences in values of 258 managers (127 women, 131 men) in 2 separate worlds: work and personal life. The subjects were employed in a variety of organizations in Southeast Florida, and ranked the importance of 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values using Rokeach's Value Survey Scale. Each gender reported strikingly similar work values, but different personal values. Both ranked values differently in work and home lives, suggesting dual situational values that also vary by gender. Implications for organizations and research were discussed.