cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling genetic effects on growth of diverse provenances and families of loblolly pine across optimum and deficient nutrient regimes

Optimal deployment of improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planting stock in the southeastern United States requires knowing how diverse seed sources and families perform over time across the wide range of sites used for plantations. This study tests if the relative growth performance of provenances and families is the same at the individual-tree and stand levels for family block plantings and determines what type of adjustment may be required to account for genetic differences when modeling growth and yield. Ten open-pollinated families from two very different provenances, Atlantic Coastal Plain and “Lost Pines” Texas, were grown in single-family block plots to test for growth differences between provenances and among families under severely deficient and optimal nutrition regimes on a nutrient-deficient, dry site. The three-parameter Chapman–Richards function was fit to plot means over time by provenance, family, and nutrition treatments. Models with provenance- or family-specific parameters of the C...
On the analysis of a transition to a layered ridged dielectric waveguide

With the ultimate goal being the characterization of a transition to a dielectric waveguide, the authors present the three-dimensional integral equation mode matching technique, with emphasis on the extensions of the technique from 2-D to 3-D problems and from simple microstrip on ridges to more complicated multilayered structures. The analysis of some simple geometries is presented as evidence of the utility of the numerical technique. Preliminary results and future considerations which are necessary for the full characterization of a transition are discussed. >
Charge-independence in K - -deuterium capture reactions

Abstract The effects of the ( K − , K 0 ) mass difference Δ and of multiple scattering in the initial state are discussed for K−-deuterium capture rates at zero energy. In contrast with the large distortions from charge-independence due to Δ in K−-p capture processes, the ratio (π + + π − ) 2π 0 in K−-d capture is deviated surprisingly little from the charge-independence value of unity, a result due in part to the dominance of the I = 0 absorptive interactions. For direct Λ-production, the ratio (π − Λ p ) (π 0 Λ n ) , at present unobservable, is distorted rather strongly by Δ. With the Humphrey-Ross solution II parameters, the effect of the multiple scattering is to modify the (π + π − ) ratio appreciably in the direction required by experiment.
The Moderating Effects of Congregational and Denominational Support on the Impact of Stress on Clerical Emotional and Physical Health Status

This research is the third component of a three-part series that explores the relationship between stress and health in the clerical profession. The first article (Wells J Relig Health 51:215–230, 2012) determined that there is an association between two different sources of stress in the clerical profession (work-related stress and boundary-related stress). The second article (Wells Pastor Psychol 62:101–114, 2013) determined that there is an association between the two sources of stress and two differing measures of health (emotional health and physical health). This third and final article establishes congregational and denominational support as possible moderators of the effects of both sources of stress on emotional and physical health. The same dataset utilized in the two previous studies is used in this research. Simple and multiple regression are utilized. This research determined that support from both the congregation and the denomination moderates or lessens the negative effects of stress on clerical health status.
SAP — A structural analysis program for linear systems

Abstract The current version of the computer program SAP for the static and dynamic analysis of linear structural systems is described. The analysis capabilities of the program, the finite element library, the numerical techniques used, the logical construction of the program and storage allocations are discussed. The main advantages of the program as a general purpose code become apparent. Results of analyses as comparisons with other existing solutions are given, and running times which demonstrate the efficiency of the program are included.
Picosecond photorefractive beam coupling in GaAs

We report the first observation to our knowledge of the photorefractive effect on picosecond time scales. Photorefractive beam coupling in GaAs with picosecond, 1.06-μm pulses is observed owing to charge separation between electrons and the ionized defect EL2+ at low fluences and to separation between free electrons and holes created by two-photon interband absorption for high fluences. The accompanying processes of linear absorption, two-photon absorption, and transient energy transfer are also observed.
Effect of pressure on the morphology of polyaniline nanostructures

Abstract We present experimental results regarding the effects of applied pressure on the morphology and electrical conductivity of polyaniline/HClO4 nanostructures synthesized via dilute polymerization. By applying a local pressure of 4000 psi (28 MPa) to the nanostructured network, the morphology of the network was transformed to that of a continuous film. The conductivity shows a concomitant increase for the temperature range of 250–300 K. We assign this enhancement of room temperature conductivity to an increase in the effective contact areas between the previously fibrous structures leading to a shorter charge transport path length as the morphology of the film is transformed from a nanostructured network to a continuous film.
Atrisco Well #5: a case study of failure in professional communication

Examines the communication problems that can arise in policy-making situations requiring public input and assent when the ethical and cultural assumptions of technical people representing a government entity differ from those of the citizen participants. Technical people often operate from an "ethic of expediency" that values clear, precise technical data as the basis for decision-making, but when citizen participants hold sharply different cultural values and interests, they may perceive such communication as privileging the interests of government over their own. Drawing on Habermas's (1979) concept of the "ideal speech situation", the authors present a case study in which engineers representing a city government attempted to gain the assent of a minority community to a well drilling project. The study suggests that the engineers' communication, although presented in good faith, did not meet Habermas's "claims to validity" and was thus seen by community residents as ideologically distorted. Because they did not trust the communication, the residents could not enter into consensus building, and the project remains at impasse. The engineers' propensity to frame the situation as a technical space for rational decision-making, from which cultural concerns and political motives could be excluded, made them blind to reality as the citizen participants perceived it. Government representatives in such situations have an ethical obligation to observe cultural difference and to create a communicative context in which consensus building is possible. >
Main Chain Noncentrosymmetric Hydrogen Bonded Macromolecules Incorporating Aniline, Alkanol, and Alkanoic Acid Hydrogen Bond Donors

The syntheses and characterization of three noncentrosymmetric main chain hydrogen bonded macromolecules which incorporate aniline, alkanoic acid, and alkanol hydrogen bond donor units are reported. These macromolecules participate in weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding as demonstrated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR. The phase transitions of these macromolecules depend on the identity of the hydrogen bond donor.
Curvature-based wavefront sensor for use on extended patterns

We present results of simulations involving a curvature-based wavefront sensor which uses an extended pattern as a reference source. The proposed sensor provides measurements of both symmetric and asymmetric aberration terms by comparing the Fourier transforms of two oppositely defocused images. Symmetric terms such as defocus and astigmatism can be measured without regard to the object distribution. The asymmetric terms, such as tip and tilt, rely on averaging the signal over many atmospheric realizations in order to determine the object phase, or on defining an arbitrary reference phase. Only after removal of the object Fourier transform phase can the asymmetric terms be identified. Although this paper reports on preliminary results, we believe the proposed sensor will be useful for both real-time compensation of atmospheric distortions while imaging the Sun, and post-facto compensation of optical misalignments in Earth-pointing satellites.
Threshold shifts in negative-ion photodetachment

The authors study threshold shifts theoretically in negative-ion photodetachment, using the approach of Rzezewski, Lewenstein and Eberly (1982), by considering two model couplings for the discrete-state continuum interaction specific to outgoing p and s electrons. They apply their results to the photodetachment of Pt- and predict a threshold shift which is directly proportional to laser intensity and is approximately 2.3*10-10 I cm-1 (W cm-2)-1. This shift appears too small to be measured by present day techniques.
Mechanisms linking early life stress to adult health outcomes.

Research relating stress to health has progressed from anecdotal evidence in the 1930s and 1940s to complex multivariate models that identify underlying longitudinal mechanisms. Enduring questions that have guided our research are: How does the early life environment affect health outcomes into adulthood? How is the latent damage stored and what processes are set into motion that link early life stress to health disorders in the later years? An emerging perspective focuses on the accumulation of interacting dysregulations in multiple physiological systems that compromise the systems’ abilities to respond flexibly to stressful circumstances. Our research explores: the antecedents of these processes, including genetic predispositions, the harshness of the early environment, and their interaction; the mediating roles of neural regulation in the brain and psychological and social resources; and health-related outcomes, such as metabolic functioning and inflammatory processes.
A Critical Look at Oppositional Culture and the Race Gap in Education

This paper offers a sociological critique of the perceived Black-White gap in education and of the theory of “opposition” that underpins it. The literature extending back a century discusses how oppressed and segregated groups adopt attitudes opposed to those who oppress and contain them. Failure to situate the current oppositional culture in this larger body of literature makes opposition seem specific to Black Americans; it is not. Further, among people with similar economic resources, Black Americans have higher educational aspirations and go to college more than comparable Whites. The continued framing of a “race gap” without reference to economic circumstances reifies race and lays the blame for educational failure on schools, teachers, families, and students, when the real culprits are social and economic issues like jobs, wages, and residential segregation. But because politically we are unwilling to deal with these larger socioeconomic issues, educational professionals are compelled to practice as if economic inequality and poverty do not matter, but in fact they do. Because Black Americans are disproportionately represented in lower economic strata, a spurious correlation exists in professional and popular discourse that mistakenly identifies Black people as “opposed” to education. Net of socioeconomic status, Black Americans are no more opposed than anyone else.
Expressions of emotion as mediated by context

In her thoughtful work regarding various aspects of emotion and emotion related words, Pavlenko explores a variety of perspectives on how we might characterize and conceptualize expressions of emotion. It is a work that is quite rich in breadth – one that leads to a variety of different thoughts on this topic, many of which are amenable to experimental exploration. Thus, the work prompts the field into asking new and interesting questions. My comments will relate some of these new directions that are prompted by reading Pavlenko's paper, as well as a few ideas that constitute a bit of a reinterpretation of her conclusions. Towards the end, a body of literature (i.e., Emotional Stroop Effects) that is highly relevant but was not covered will be noted as it yields a greater understanding of the activation and access of emotion.
Evaluation of layered Nb 3 Sn conductor

In the past several years, considerable progress has been made in developing a low loss superconductor for use in a 60 Hz ac power transmission line. In particular, work by Snowden, et al.[1] has indicated the possibility of exploiting conductor configurations attainable by thin film evaporation techniques to achieve critical currents and ac loss characteristics superior to that of bulk materials. In this paper, we describe instrumentation which has been designed to test conductors fabricated by the evaporation technique and present some of our first results on these materials.
The Ni-Ni3Al phase diagram: thermodynamic modelling and the requirements of coherent equilibrium

The Ni-rich portion of the Ni-Al phase diagram is examined in light of data on coherent equilibrium between the γ (Ni-Al solid solution) and γ' (Ni3Al) phases, as well as on the thermodynamic requirements of coherent equilibrium. The model of Ardell and Maheshwari was used to calculate the difference between the incoherent and coherent solubility limits over the temperature range of 400-800 °C. New data on the elastic constants of Ni3Al as a function of temperature and composition, as well as the Gibbs free energy functions of the most recent thermodynamic model of the Ni-Al alloy system, were used in the calculations. With these input parameters the predicted differences between the incoherent and coherent solubility limits are very small, and inconsistent with recent experimental data on the variation of the coherent solubility with the γ' volume fraction. The inconsistency is a consequence of the large curvature of the Gibbs free energy function for the γ phase obtained from the thermodynamic model. These findings are discussed in the context of the accuracy of thermodynamic modelling of phase diagrams.
Radio science with voyager at jupiter: initial voyager 2 results and a voyager 1 measure of the io torus.

About 22 hours after its closest approach to Jupiter, Voyager 2 passed behind the planet as viewed from the earth. Although the spacecraft was geometrically occulted for nearly two hours, the radio links between it and the earth were maintained almost continuously because of the refraction of the signals in Jupiter's south polar atmosphere. A figure shows the plane-of-the-sky geometry of this grazing occultation and preliminary data on the intensity of the spacecraft radio signals as received by the tracking station at Goldstone, California. The intensity data indicate a classic atmospheric occultation profile and the effects of turbulence and ionospheric focusing and defocusing. Analysis of the dispersive ionospheric refraction data yields preliminary profiles for the topside ionosphere at 66.7 deg S (entry in the evening) and 50.1 deg S (exit in the morning) that are reversed with respect to corresponding Voyager 1 profiles in terms of plasma concentration at a fixed altitude. Preliminary reduction of the preencounter occultation of Voyager 1 by the Io torus gives an average plasma density of about 1000 e/cu cm.
Binding to cyclodextrins: An interpretive model

Abstract A model is presented for the interpretation of cyclodextrin inclusion complex binding constants. The binding process is broken down into several steps and various aspects of the process are examined, the importance of nonbonded interactions and solvation processes being reiterated. In the context of the breakdown given here, mass differences in the guest molecule are shown to affect significantly the contributions from several of the steps. In addition, the importance of the “tightness” of the guest-host fit is illustrated. Estimates of the various contributions to the value of the binding constant are given for complexes of α-cyclodextrin with an azo dye and with methanol.
Pseudorotation in the D2O trimer.

Far-infrared spectra of Ar/D_2O supersonic expansions have been recorded between 39 and 44 cm^(−1), in which a c-type band centered at 41.1 cm^(−1) was observed. This new band, attributed to the cyclic water trimer, has the same ground state rotational constants as the (D_2O)_398 cm^(−1) a-type band reported by Liu et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994) 3507]. Fits of the observed far-infrared band positions to an effective one-dimensional potential require a substantially larger pseudorotation barrier or effective moment of inertia than predicted theoretically. Estimated frequencies of unobserved transitions in the pseudorotation manifolds of (D_2O)_3 and (H_2O)_3 are presented as a guide to future experimental searches.
Alkaline phytase from lily pollen: Investigation of biochemical properties

Abstract Phytases catalyze the hydrolysis of phytic acid (InsP6, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), the most abundant inositol phosphate in cells. In cereal grains and legumes, it constitutes 3–5% of the dry weight of seeds. The inability of humans and monogastric animals such as swine and poultry to absorb complexed InsP6 has led to nutritional and environmental problems. The efficacy of supplemental phytases to address these issues is well established; thus, there is a need for phytases with a range of biochemical and biophysical properties for numerous applications. An alkaline phytase that shows unique catalytic properties was isolated from plant tissues. In this paper, we report on the biochemical properties of an alkaline phytase from pollen grains of Lilium longiflorum. The enzyme exhibits narrow substrate specificity, it hydrolyzed InsP6 and para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). Alkaline phytase followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a Km of 81 μM and Vmax of 217 nmol Pi/min/mg with InsP6 and a Km of 372 μM and Vmax of 1272 nmol Pi/min/mg with pNPP. The pH optimum was 8.0 with InsP6 as the substrate and 7.0 with pNPP. Alkaline phytase was activated by calcium and inactivated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; however, the enzyme retained a low level of activity even in Ca2+-free medium. Fluoride as well as myo-inositol hexasulfate did not have any inhibitory affect, whereas vanadate inhibited the enzyme. The enzyme was activated by sodium chloride and potassium chloride and inactivated by magnesium chloride; the activation by salts followed the Hofmeister series. The temperature optimum for hydrolysis is 55 °C; the enzyme was stable at 55 °C for about 30 min. The enzyme has unique properties that suggest the potential to be useful as a feed supplement.
Thin‐film characterization by x‐ray fluorescence

A precise and practical x-ray fluorescence technique using the fundamental-parameter method and the LAMA computer program for the simultaneous determination of composition and thickness of single- and multiple-layer thin films is reviewed. Results from the analysis of Fe-Ni single-layer and chromium, Fe-Ni, copper triple-layer thin films are discussed
Abstract 1345: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in human colon cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Unresectable colorectal liver metastases remain major unsolved issues and more effective regimens are urgently needed. During screening synergistic drug combinations for colon cancer therapy, we identified a novel multimodality treatment for colon cancer cells-chemotherapeutic agent melphalan in combination with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin. We showed in this study that melphalan triggered apoptosis, bortezomib induced both apoptosis and autophagy, rapamycin caused autophagy, and the combinatorial treatment induced synergistic apoptosis which was mediated through an increase in caspase activation. We observed that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the combination was linked with altered cellular metabolism and induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and thus resulted in Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96. Interestingly, Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96 is sufficient to induce Beclin-1 cleavage by caspase 8 for switching off autophagy to achieve the synergistic induction of apoptosis. The multimodality treatment-induced Beclin-1 cleavage was abolished in Beclin-1 double mutant (D133A/D149A) knock-in HCT116 cells, restoring the autophagy-promoting function of Beclin-1 and suppressing the apoptosis induced by the combination therapy. These observations provide a novel mechanism for AMPK induced apoptosis through interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Citation Format: Xinxin Song, Seog-Young Kim, Lin Zhang, Yong J. Lee. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in human colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1345
This time it is personal: Employee online shopping at work

Online retailers may like to promote the relaxing image of consumers shopping online while wearing pyjamas or lounging on the couch; however, the reality is that online shoppers are more likely to be wearing business attire and be sitting in the office when shopping online, as they have been spending most of their (personal) online shopping dollars while at the workplace. This study focused on exploring some of the underlying factors related to personal online shopping in the workplace. In a survey of 852 employees from the USA and Canada, 72 per cent indicated that they had shopped online at work. Americans were more likely than Canadians to shop online at work. And those in a workplace with a high-speed internet connection were more likely to shop online at work. In fact, the most popular reason for shopping online at work was the availability of a faster connection. The degree of ‘permissibility’ of a company's online shopping policy was positively correlated to the percentage of online shopping that people conducted at work. But corporate monitoring of online behaviour had no impact on an employee's likelihood to shop online at work; although job satisfaction was less, on average, for employees where monitoring was reported.
Collective Excitations in a System of Permanent Electric Dipoles

It is argued that for a system of permanent dipoles no collective excitations associated with the charge-density fluctuations exist.
On critical thresholds for influence spreading

We investigate the problem of influence maximization in a social network. Building on the widely used threshold diffusion model where each node has a threshold and is activated when the influence it receives is above the threshold, we define a critical threshold vector as a vector (consisting of the thresholds for all nodes) that guarantees influence spreading to the entire network, but any larger threshold vector would result in spreading to only part of the network. We show that a critical threshold vector can be translated to a graph coloring, based on which we establish a necessary condition for influence maximization. Further, we propose a k-neighborhood decomposition method to construct a critical threshold vector, and show that this method can be used to find a large family of critical threshold vectors. We also explore the connection between critical threshold vectors and graph orientations, as well as the properties of the k-neighborhood decomposition.
A structural equation model assessment of logistics strategy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess relevance of the three dimensions (process strategy, market strategy, and information strategy) of the Bowersox and Daugherty typology to logistics strategy and organizational competitive outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical data gathered from US logistics managers were analyzed using second‐order factor analysis to examine the Bowersox/Daugherty typology's relevance to logistics strategy and organizational competitive responsiveness.Findings – The findings identify overall logistics strategy and its effect on logistics coordination effectiveness, customer service effectiveness and organizational competitive responsiveness. Implications for teachers and practitioners of logistics and supply chain management are discussed.Practical implications – The paper's findings expand the understanding of logistics strategy's role in organizational competitive responsiveness. In addition, the findings of this paper provide a foundation for future research i...
USF in the Lytechinus sea urchin embryo may act as a transcriptional repressor in non-aboral ectoderm cells for the cell lineage-specific expression of the LpS1 genes

Abstract Expression of the aboral ectoderm-specific LpS1 gene in Lytechinus was used to study lineage-specific transcriptional regulation during sea urchin development. Band shift assays using anti-USF antibody showed that a USF-like protein bound the USF core sequence 5′-CACGTG-3′ in the promoter of the LpS1 gene. DNA constructs consisting of a wild-type LpS1 promoter and the same LpS1 promoter with a mutated USF binding site fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene were tested. The mutation in the USF binding site caused an increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferse activity. We selected a clone that encodes USF, LvUSF, from a gastrula-stage cDNA library representing Lytechinus variegatus . Transactivation experiments, in which LvUSF RNA or a DNA construct consisting of the LvUSF cDNA clone fused to the Lytechinus pictus metallothionein promoter coinjected with the wild-type or mutated LpS1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene construct, showed that chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity from the wild-type construct was repressed, while the construct mutated at the USF binding site was active. The same wild-type and mutated LpS1 promoter DNA fragments ligated to the green fluorescent protein reporter gene were used to examine spatial expression. The reporter gene constructs containing the mutated USF binding site were expressed inappropriately in all cell types including the gut and oral ectoderm in gastrula and larva stage embryos, while the wild-type constructs were expressed primarily in the aboral ectoderm. USF was expressed in all cells of the early embryo and in all tissues except the aboral ectoderm in later embryos. The data are consistent with a model depicting Lytechinus USF, as a temporal and spatial regulator by repressing LpS1 gene transcription in non-aboral ectoderm cells.
On-Demand Online Real Estate Information System

Internet is helping change the structure of the residential real estate industry by offering new services in the system aiming to enhance the facilities provided to the user. This would enhance the demand chain management. The first purpose of this paper is to illustrate these changes by specifying the functional components of the demand chain management system for online real estate. The author uses a formal specification language to model the interaction between the online real estate management system, the new entities and the other actors. The proposed online real estate management system includes advanced modules that can be bundled together, creating differentiation and enhancing the value chain. The second objective is to propose a simplified implementation architecture for an integrated demand and supply chain management system for online real estate services. The author chose an open source Customer Relationship Management system as a platform to manage some of the online real estate modules. Other value-added modules are integrated from third-party providers using their open interfaces.
A New Ornamental Peperomia from Venezuela

For the past several years, Dr. Bassett Maguire and associates at the New York Botanical Garden have been carrying on an intensive botanical survey of the southern part of Amazonas Territory of Venezuela. An interesting species of Peperomia has been discovered which appears to be rather common locally but which, so far as known, has not been previously described or named. This species, which has been grown in the greenhouses of the Garden, is now being propagated in certain commercial greenhouses. Because of the possible wide distribution of this attractive plant through the trade, it is believed that it should now be described and given a name.
Choroidal Regulation of Scleral Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis during Recovery from Induced Myopia

PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between choroidal permeability and scleral glycosaminoglycan synthesis rates during the development of and recovery from form deprivation myopia. METHODS Form deprivation myopia was induced in chicks for 10 days and was followed by a period of unrestricted vision for 0 to 15 days (recovery). Choroidal permeability was quantified by measuring albumin leakage from choroidal blood vessels into suprachoroidal fluid using Evans blue. Scleral sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis was assessed on punches of sclera obtained immediately after extraction of suprachoroidal fluid for permeability measurements or after incubation with suprachoroidal fluid by measuring the amount of (35)SO(4) incorporated into glycosaminoglycans over a period of 4 hours at 37 degrees C. Suprachoroidal fluid was subjected to size fractionation and proteinase digestion to characterize the bioactive fractions from recovering and control chick eyes. RESULTS Recovery from prior form deprivation was associated with a significant increase in choroidal permeability, compared with that of myopic eyes and contralateral control eyes, and was coincident with a significant decrease in scleral sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis rates in treated eyes compared with contralateral control eyes. Suprachoroidal fluid isolated from recovering chick eyes significantly inhibited scleral glycosaminoglycan synthesis compared with suprachoroidal fluid from control eyes (-54%; P < 0.01; ANOVA). Preliminary characterization of suprachoroidal fluid suggested that all inhibitory activity in suprachoroidal fluid fractions specific to recovering eyes is present in molecular weight fractions of less than 10 kDa. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that increased choroidal permeability coincides with a decrease in the rate of scleral glycosaminoglycan synthesis during recovery from myopia. The authors speculate that increased choroidal permeability may represent a mechanism for controlling the rate of delivery of bioactive factors to the sclera to regulate the rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the posterior sclera.
Nursing Interventions in Pediatric Palliative Care

Caring for chronically ill children whose health is declining and thosechildren who are critically ill is stressful and can be overwhelming to bothhealthcare professionals and parents. Palliative care teams aim to providethe multidisciplinary and holistic support staff and families need. Families,nurses, and primary medical teams value the involvement of a pediatric pal-liative medicine team to improve the quality of living. The bedside nurse isa vital part of the support system and is ready and available to be presentwith the palliative care team to support families no matter what the circum-stances. Advocating for the patient; creating a culture of flexibility; antici-pating, identifying, and responding to the patient and family needs;fostering hope; and providing the support needed for the parents to makeinformed decisions, are keys to providing quality patient care. Nurses arein the position to positively influence each of these areas of patient care ina positive manner.
Borehole temperatures record changing climate

Recent changes in the Earth's surface temperature can now be probed by measuring the temperature of rocks beneath the surface. Rock temperatures at shallow depths are an archive of temperature changes that have occurred at the surface of the Earth in the recent past. Thus, subsurface temperatures comprise a valuable complement to surface meteorological data in understanding the Earth's surface temperature history, particularly for times before the establishment of a worldwide network of meteorological stations. The subsurface observations are relevant to an assessment of the role of atmospheric greenhouse gases in the global warming of the 20th century.
Spatial distribution of local currents of massless Dirac fermions in quantum transport through graphene nanoribbons

We employ the formalism of bond currents, expressed in terms of the nonequilibrium Green functions, to image the charge flow between two sites of the honeycomb lattice of graphene ribbons of few nanometers width. In sharp contrast to nonrelativistic electrons, current density profiles of quantum transport at energies close to the Dirac point in clean zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) differs markedly from the profiles of charge density peaked at the edges due to zero-energy localized edge states. For transport through the lowest propagating mode induced by these edge states, edge vacancies do not affect current density peaked in the center of ZGNR. Furthermore, the long-range potential of a single impurity placed in the center of ZGNR acts to reduce local current around it while concurrently increasing the current density along the zigzag edge, so that ZGNR conductance remains perfect G=2e2/h.
Resting Energy Expenditure Changes With Weight Loss: Racial Differences

It is controversial whether weight loss reduces resting energy expenditure (REE) to a different magnitude in black and white women. This aim of this study was to determine whether changes in REE with weight loss were different between black and white postmenopausal women, and whether changes in body composition (including regional lean and fat mass) were associated with REE changes within each race. Black (n = 26) and white (n = 65) women (age = 58.2 +/- 5.4 years, 25 < BMI < 40 kg/m(2)) completed a 20-week weight-loss intervention. Body weight, lean and fat mass (total body, limb, and trunk) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and REE via indirect calorimetry were measured before and after the intervention. We found that baseline REE positively correlated with body weight, lean and fat mass (total, limb, and trunk) in white women only (P < 0.05 for all). The intervention decreased absolute REE in both races similarly (1,279 +/- 162 to 1,204 +/- 169 kcal/day in blacks; 1,315 +/- 200 to 1,209 +/- 185 kcal/day in whites). REE remained decreased after adjusting for changes in total or limb lean mass in black (1,302-1,182 kcal/day, P = 0.043; 1,298-1,144 kcal/day, P = 0.006, respectively), but not in white, women. Changes in REE correlated with changes in body weight (partial r = 0.277) and fat mass (partial r = 0.295, 0.275, and 0.254 for total, limb, and trunk, respectively; P < 0.05) independent of baseline REE in white women. Therefore, with weight loss, REE decreased in proportion to the amount of fat and lean mass lost in white, but not black, women.
Systems issues for WDM components

WDM can dramatically increase the capacity in point-to-point transmission and can increase the capacity and routing functionality in local- and wide-area networks. However, there are many systems-level limitations on the bandwidth, number of wavelengths, WDM-device characteristics, and inter-user distance. Systems issues include crosstalk, wavelength chirp, EDFA bandwidth, and nonlinearities. We briefly describe some of these component-related issues and the constraints which they place on WDM systems.
Classifiers comparison for a new eye gaze direction classification system

The classification of eye gaze direction is a growing topic in the field of computer vision research. It has been found to have a wide range of potential applications. However, implementing a robust eye gaze direction classification system is still a challenge which requires more effort. This paper introduces an eye gaze classification algorithm which uses Viola-Jones algorithm for face detection and the Circular Hough Transform for eye detection. Once the eye is detected, low level features, color features in particular, are extracted from the detected eye region. The features are then used in eye gaze direction classification. The performance of different classifiers was evaluated using a database containing 4000 images of 40 males and females from different ages. These classifiers are: K-Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree classifiers. The highest accuracy was obtained when using the linear SVM classifier and is equal to 92.1%.
Regeneration of rhodopsin: Effect of quaternary ammonium detergents

Abstract Regeneration of rhodopsin from opsin and 11-cis-retinaldehyde was studied to distinguish between the possibilities that rhodopsin denatures upon bleaching in the presence of quaternary ammonium detergents or the quaternary ammonium detergent fails to provide a microenvironment that promotes regeneration from underatured opsin. Both unbleached and bleached rhodopsin were transferred from quaternary ammonium detergent to environments consisting of either phospholipid or phospholipid plus digitonin. When rhodopsin was exposed to quaternary ammonium detergent in the unbleached state, it could be regenerated to a level of 66–79% of its original extinction at 498 nm. However, when bleached rhodopsin contacted the quaternary ammonium detergent, subsequent regeneration was impossible. These findings suggest that opsin is denatured in the quaternary ammonium detergents during the photo-bleaching process.
Visceral peritoneum is not essential for solute transport during peritoneal dialysis.

Visceral peritoneum is not essential for solute transport during peritoneal dialysis. The importance of visceral peritoneum in determining transperitoneal solute exchange was studied by determining the influence of evisceration on diffusive solute transport during peritoneal dialysis. Three series of experiments were performed in anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Series 1 studies compared solute transport rates from eviscerated rabbits (N = 5) with those from sham-operated controls (N = 5). Series 2 studies compared solute transport rates from eviscerated (N = 6) and sham-operated rabbits (N = 5) with application of circumferential abdominal compression to control intraperitoneal pressure and presumably maximize dialysate-peritoneum contact. Series 3 studies compared solute transport rates from sham-operated rabbits (N = 4) with and without applied circumferential abdominal compression. Transperitoneal solute exchange of creatinine and FITC-labeled neutral dextran (15 to 40 A) was equally assessed by both the dialysate to plasma concentration ratio at the end of the exchange and the diffusive permeability-area product of the peritoneum. Evisceration reduced creatinine (P per se had no effect on solute exchange in series 3 experiments. These findings demonstrate that the influence of evisceration on peritoneal solute transport depends on the experimental conditions. These observations further demonstrate that visceral peritoneum is not essential for solute transport during peritoneal dialysis.
Quantitative genetic analysis of blood pressure response during the cold pressor test.

Background The genetic association between blood pressure (BP) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT) is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic architecture of BP during the CPT, and to determine whether BP at rest and during the CPT share common genetic influences. Methods In 419 individuals distributed across four large families, variance components methods were used to estimate heritabilities of resting BP and CPT BP, along with genetic correlations among BP traits. The CPT consisted of immersion of the left foot in 4°C water while the participant was supine. Blood pressure reactivity (ΔBP) was defined as BP at 15 to 30 sec and 45 to 60 sec of foot immersion minus resting BP. Results Significant ( P 2 SBP = 0.35), CPT BP (h 2 SBP = 0.27 and 0.33, h 2 DBP = 0.18 and 0.30), and ΔSBP (h 2 SBP = 0.12 and 0.37) but not for ΔDBP. Bivariate analyses detected significant ( P Conclusions Measures of BP at rest and during cold immersion are significantly influenced by additive genetic effects. These genetic influences are only partially shared between SBP at rest and SBP during cold immersion, suggesting that a somewhat different set of genes may influence SBP during cold immersion. Unique sets of genes also appear to influence ΔSBP independent of those influencing resting SBP.
Observations on crossed products and invariants of Hopf algebras

Introduction. Let B = A ~ ~ H denote a crossed product of the associative algebra A with the finite-dimensional Hopf algebra H. By studying the process of induction of modules from A to B in the case where H is pointed we show in Section 1 that the Jacobson radicals of B and A are related by J(B) dimkH ~ J(A) B. We then specialize to the situation where A is an H-module algebra, the cocycle a is trivial (so B is a smash product), and the trace map from A to the algebra of H-invariants A n is surjective. Making essential use of the well-known Morita context linking B with the algebra of H-invariants A H we investigate the transfer of properties from A to An. In Section 3 we show, for example, that if A is right Noetherian (right Artinian) then so is A H. In fact, A is Noetherian (Artinian) as right An-module in this case. Furthermore, if Kdim (AA) exists then Kdim (A~H) exists as well and is bounded above by Kdim (AA). The results concerning the Noetherian property have first been obtained by S. Montgomery ([7], Theorem 4.4.2) and have motivated much of our research in this section. Furthermore, we extend most of [5], Theorem 3.3 from group algebras to pointed Hopf algebras. For example, we show that if the right A-module W is Noetherian (Artinian) then WA~, the restriction of Wto A H, is likewise. Further, Kdim (W) exists if and only if Kdim (W~) does and in this case both are equal. Finally, we prove the following estimate for the right global dimension of AH:
Promotion And Retention Of African American Accountants In The 21st Century US Public Accounting Profession: A Summary Of Findings And A Call For Action

While African – American CPAs have experienced some considerable progress in the US public accounting profession over the past thirty years, their level of participation in the profession remains far below their representation in the general US population. While federal government data suggest that African – American men and women constitute over 11% of US business graduates, the AICPA estimates that only 4% of the major firms’ employment. Moreover, the rate of black CPA participation appears to fall as one’s analysis moves up the ladder of the profession’s largest firms. The AICPA reports that less than 1% of the partners from the major firms are African – American accounting professionals. Our study seeks to answer two basic questions. One, why is the level of African – American participation in management of the major firms so low? Two, what actions should the major firms’ leadership, African – American accounting practitioners, and accounting educators take to improve the level of African – American participation in management of the major firms? Our empirical data is drawn from three recent surveys of predominantly African – American accountants and a dozen structured interviews of a racially diverse group of Big 4 firm managers and partners. We reached three major conclusions. One, there are a disproportionately low number of African – American accountants in the management pipeline of the major firms. Two, our structured interviews with successful (managers and partners) accounting professionals of both races makes it clear that the road to management is a rigorous path for all professionals regardless of race. Three, many of the few black accountants within the major firms have become discouraged due to lack of key resources for success and search for other professional opportunities. Our conclusions form the basis for a variety of recommendations for employers, aspiring African – American professionals, established African – American accounting practitioners, the AICPA, the PCAOB. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents a brief review of this paper’s relevant research literature and the three research questions that are motivated by the results of our literature search. Section 2 describes the various survey designs and structure interviews that we used to gather this study’s empirical data. We discuss our findings in Section 3. We offer some recommendations for corrective action in Section 4.
Evolution of Two-Band Superfluidity from Weak to Strong Coupling

We analyze the evolution of two-band superfluidity from the weak to the strong coupling (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensation) limit. We find that population imbalances between the two bands can be created by tuning the intraband or interband (Josephson) interactions. In addition, when the Josephson interband interaction is tuned from negative to positive values, a quantum phase tran- sition occurs from a 0-phase to a π-phase state, depending on the relative phase of the two order parameters. We also find two undamped low energy collective excita- tions corresponding to in-phase phonon (Goldstone) and out-of-phase exciton (finite frequency) modes. Lastly, we derive the coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations, and show that they reduce to coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for two types of weakly interacting bosons (tightly bound fermions) in the BEC limit.
Seeing Invisible Religion: Religion as a Societal Conversation about Transcendent Meaning*

Contemporary sociology conceptualizes religion along two dimensions: the institutional and the individual. Lost in this dichotomy is religion's noninstitutional, but collective and public, cultural dimension. As a result, theories of religious modernity, including both sides of the secularization debate, are unable to recognize or evaluate the social power of noninstitutionalized religious communication. This article offers a reconceptualization of religion that highlights its cultural, communicative dimension. Original research on religious talk provides an empirical ground for a theoretical discussion that highlights: (1) the “invisible” nature of religion in modern societies, as theorized by Thomas Luckmann and (2) the social power attributed to communication by contemporary cultural sociologists and cultural theorists. I argue that conceptualizing religion as an evolving societal conversation about transcendent meaning broadens the empirical and theoretical grasp of the religion concept.