cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of flow as an explanation of the multi-exponential washout of inert gas from skeletal muscle.

Abstract The explanation of the multi-exponential washout of inert gas tracers from skeletal muscle is a source of controversy. The two most likely explanations are a heterogeneous flow pattern and countercurrent shunting of gas. Autoradiographs of canine skeletal muscle obtained after injection of 85 Kr indicate that heterogeneous flow is present in this preparation which would cause multi-exponential curves. This finding does not rule out an additional contribution of countercurrent shunting to the shape of the clearance curve.
Macrophages and neutrophils in SLE-An online molecular catalog

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders defined by a consensus of clinical and laboratory criteria. Much of the pathophysiology and therapy of SLE has focused on autoimmune B and T cells of the adaptive immune system. Recently, focus has shifted to the role of myeloid cells like neutrophils and macrophages - part of the innate immune system - in SLE pathogenesis. These cells have altered molecular profiles affecting multiple pathways, but no salient overview has been undertaken to broadly define and categorize this dysregualtion. Here we endeavor to provide this overview and build a new freely accessible online resource for this purpose (http://www.mohanlab.org/SLE_BASE/myeloid_cells/).
Wall pressures of separation—reattachment flow on a square prism in uniform flow

Abstract Mean and fluctuating pressures on a two-dimensional square prism in uniform flow at a Reynolds number of 1.4 × 105 were measured to investigate the nature of the separation—reattachment phenomenon. Measurements were taken on the side-wall face and in the wake region to quantify the behavior of the fluid in the reattachment zone. The experiment was performed with and without a turbulence producing grid for angles of approach flow ranging from −50° to +90°.
Tetrameric structure of a serine integrase catalytic domain.

Summary The serine integrases have recently emerged as powerful new chromosome engineering tools in various organisms and show promise for therapeutic use in human cells. The serine integrases are structurally and mechanistically unrelated to the bacteriophage λ integrase but share a similar catalytic domain with the resolvase/invertase enzymes typified by the resolvase proteins from transposons Tn3 and γδ. Here we report the crystal structure and solution properties of the catalytic domain from bacteriophage TP901-1 integrase. The protein is a dimer in solution but crystallizes as a tetramer that is closely related in overall architecture to structures of activated γδ-resolvase mutants. The ability of the integrase tetramer to explain biochemical experiments performed in the resolvase and invertase systems suggests that the TP901 integrase tetramer represents a unique intermediate on the recombination pathway that is shared within the serine recombinase superfamily.
The behavioral pharmacology of phencyclidine

(1976). The Behavioral Pharmacology of Phencyclidine. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 513-528.
A pilot study of efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of pantoprazole in the treatment of severe erosive esophagitis.

Background and objectives Reflux esophagitis is a common disease. Erosive reflux esophagitis is a more advanced stage of reflux esophagitis. Although death from reflux disease is uncommon, significant morbidity and mortality from complications, such as esophageal ulcer, stricture, and cancer, are not uncommon. Proton pump inhibitors are the popular medication for reflux esophagitis. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of pantoprazole in the treatment of severe erosive esophagitis. Methods From February 2005 to November 2006, all patients with grade 4 erosive reflux esophagitis were screened for the study. Eligible patients were randomized into two groups. Each patient in the study group received intravenous pantoprazole 80 mg loading dose over 5 min, followed by 8 mg/h intravenous infusion for 72 h, then 40 mg orally once a day for 4 days. Each patient in the control group received 40 mg pantoprazole intravenously once a day for 72 h, then orally once a day for 4 days. A second endoscopic gastrointestinal examination (EGD) was performed on treatment days 6–8 (±1 day if day 7 was on a weekend) to document any healing of esophagitis in either the study or the control group. Results In the study group, severe erosive esophagitis healed completely in three patients and significantly in the other three by the time of the second endoscopy. In the control group, severe erosive esophagitis healed partially in five patients, and no improvement was seen at all in one patient by the time of second endoscopy. The difference in the intervention between those two groups was statistically different (P = 0.015). There were no significant complications in either group. Conclusions Severe erosive esophagitis can be completely healed in a few days if pantoprazole is given intravenously and continuously for 72 h. It is safe to give pantoprazole intravenously and continuously for treatment of severe erosive esophagitis.
Acetyldi-t-butylsilane and acetyldi-t-butylfluorosilane: Synthesis of functionalized acylsilanes

Abstract The preparation of acetyldi-t-butylsilane and acetyldi-t-butylfluorosilane, the first stable acylsilanes containing functional groups on silicon, is described. The new preparative procedure involves treatment of α-ethoxyvinyllithium with a halosilane to give an α-silyl enol ether, which is hydrolyzed under mild conditions to give the corresponding acetylsilane. Bulky t-butyl groups on silicon can be used to protect a reactive fluorine substituent during the hydrolysis step.
The Energy Distribution of Neutrons Slowed by Elastic Impacts

The problem of finding the distribution in energy of particles of mass m, initially of the same energy, which have made n impacts with particles of mass M all initially at rest, is solved. It is supposed the impacts are elastic and the distribution in angle igotropic in a coordinate system in which the center of mass is at rest. If x is the ratio of the energy after n impacts to the initial energy then the chance that x lie in dx at x is (log l/x) n-1 /(n - 1)! for m = M. For unequal masses the expression is more complicated but easy to calculate. The results have some interest in connection with the slowing of neutrons by elastic impacts with other nuclei, especially with hydrogen nuclei.
Flow and heat transfer in coaxial jet flow around an obstacle

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the gasdynamics and heat transfer in the reverse flow zone near an obstacle during coaxial jet flow on it along the normal.
Temporal performance fields: visual and attentional factors

This study is the first to investigate: (a) 'temporal performance fields,' whether the speed of information accrual differs for different locations at a fixed eccentricity, and (b) whether covert attention modulates temporal dynamics differentially at isoeccentric locations. Using the speed accuracy tradeoff (SAT) procedure, we derived conjoint measures of how isoeccentric locations and precueing targets location affect speed and accuracy in a search task. The results demonstrate the existence of temporal performance fields, analogous to spatial performance fields: information accrual was fastest for target on the horizontal meridian, intermediate for targets at the intercardinal locations, slow for targets on the vertical meridian, and slowest for targets at the North (N) location (accrual time pattern: E&W S>intercardinal>E&W). Hence, the compensatory effect of attention eliminated the temporal asymmetries across isoeccentric locations.
Asymmetrically short tendinous cords causing congenital tricuspid regurgitation: improved understanding of tricuspid valvar dysplasia in the era of color flow echocardiography.

Background Tricuspid regurgitation as a manifestation of an isolated congenital anomaly of the tricuspid valve is rare. Cross-sectional and color Doppler echocardiography allow improved evaluation of tricuspid valvar function. As a result, the heterogeneous category of congenital tricuspid valvar dysplasia may be better understood from a functional point of view. We are reporting a distinct entity in which tricuspid valvar regurgitation results from failure of coaptation due to short tendinous cords tethering the septal leaflet. Patients and results Three children with significant primary tricuspid regurgitation were evaluated, treated, and followed. On echocardiographic evaluation, a central regurgitant jet of moderate or severe degree was directed toward the atrial septum through poorly coapting tricuspid valvar leaflets, which did not approximate due to tethering of the septal leaflet by abnormally short cords. In one patient, the tricuspid valve was otherwise normal; in the other two the leaflets and cords were also thickened. Two patients underwent surgery at 9 and 11 years of age. The cords tethering the septal leaflet were augmented by interposing appropriate lengths of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture and performing commissural annuloplasty. Both patients are asymptomatic 33 and 42 months postoperatively, with mild residual tricuspid regurgitation that has not changed since surgery. The other patient, an 8 month-old infant, has not yet undergone surgery. Conclusions Asymmetric tendinous cords of the tricuspid valve causing tethering of the septal leaflet is a distinct cause of tricuspid regurgitation that can be recognized with echocardiography. Although rare, the importance of recognizing this lesion lies in its being readily amenable to surgical repair.
The use of nasotracheal Airtraq® laryngoscope with reinforced endotracheal tube: our experience.

Summary The authors describe the use of nasotracheal AirtraQ® laryngoscope to perform orotracheal intubation with reinforced endotracheal tube in patients with difficult airways. The choice of nasotracheal AirtraQ® instead of orotracheal device resulted from the difficulty that they sometimes found using orotracheal AirtraQ® with reinforced endotracheal tube. The nasotracheal AirtraQ® may be successfully used to perform orotracheal intubation with styletted reinforced endotracheal tube, specially in case of difficulty in advancing it inside the tube-guiding channel of orotracheal AirtraQ®.
Subjective effects of nitrous oxide: cognitive, emotional, perceptual and transcendental experiences.

(1979). Subjective Effects of Nitrous Oxide: Cognitive, Emotional, Perceptual and Transcendental Experiences. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 317-330.
Nanoparticle Mass Transfer From Lung Airways to Systemic Regions—Part I: Whole-Lung Aerosol Dynamics

This is a two-part paper describing inhaled nanoparticle (NP) transport and deposition in a model of a human respiratory tract (Part I) as well as NP-mass transfer across barriers into systemic regions (Part II). Specifically, combining high-resolution computer simulation results of inhaled NP deposition in the human airways (Part I) with a multicompartmental model for NP-mass transfer (Part II) allows for the prediction of temporal NP accumulation in the blood and lymphatic systems as well as in organs. An understanding of nanoparticle transport and deposition in human respiratory airways is of great importance, as exposure to nanomaterial has been found to cause serious lung diseases, while the use of nanodrugs may have superior therapeutic effects. In Part I, the fluid-particle dynamics of a dilute NP suspension was simulated for the entire respiratory tract, assuming steady inhalation and planar airways. Thus, a realistic airway configuration was considered from nose/mouth to generation 3, and then an idealized triple-bifurcation unit was repeated in series and parallel to cover the remaining generations. Using the current model, the deposition of NPs in distinct regions of the lung, namely extrathoracic, bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar, was calculated. The region-specific NP-deposition results for the human lung model were used in Part II to determine the multicompartmental model parameters from experimental retention and clearance data in human lungs. The quantitative, experimentally validated results are useful in diverse fields, such as toxicology for exposure-risk analysis of ubiquitous nanomaterial as well as in pharmacology for nanodrug development and targeting.
Interpolation for first order S5

An interpolation theorem holds for many standard modal logics, but first order S5 is a prominent example of a logic for which it fails. In this paper it is shown that a first order S5 interpolation theorem can be proved provided the logic is extended to contain propositional quantifiers. A proper statement of the result involves some subtleties, but this is the essence of it. ?
Tabu search method with random moves for globally optimal design

Optimum engineering design problems are usually formulated as non-convex optimization problems of continuous variables. Because of the absence of convexity structure, they can have multiple minima, and global optimization becomes difficult. Traditional methods of optimization, such as penalty methods, can often be trapped at a local optimum. The tabu search method with random moves to solve approximately these problems is introduced. Its reliability and efficiency are examined with the help of standard test functions. By the analysis of the implementations, it is seen that this method is easy to use, and no derivative information is necessary. It outperforms the random search method and composite genetic algorithm. In particular, it is applied to minimum weight design examples of a three-bar truss, coil springs, a Z-section and a channel section. For the channel section, the optimal design using the tabu search method with random moves saved 26.14 per cent over the weight of the SUMT method.
Spectrum Trading: An Analysis of Implementation Issues

The assignment of spectrum licenses through spectrum trading markets can be used as a mechanism to grant access to spectrum to those who value it most and can use it more efficiently. Although various methods for improved spectrum assignment have been proposed along the lines of Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) and others, several issues related to their implementation are still unsolved. Among them, how to deal with interference in a multi-provider environment and determining the elements and architectures for feasible implementations of spectrum trading markets. This paper analyzes several proposed kinds of trading interactions that may arise in a spectrum trading market and proposes a taxonomy of architectures that could be used to implement them. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of using a single or restricted set of wireless standards in the implementation of a spectrum trading infrastructure as a step towards Wireless Bandwidth Trading which is proposed as a possible path for a realizable instance of markets based on spectrum trading concepts.
A spatial regularization approach to parameter estimation for a distributed watershed model

[1] Environmental models have become increasingly complex with greater attention being given to the spatially distributed representation of processes. Distributed models have large numbers of parameters to be specified, which is typically done either by recourse to a priori methods based on observable physical watershed characteristics, by calibration to watershed input-state-output data, or by some combination of both. In the case of calibration, the high dimensionality of the parameter search space poses a significant identifiability problem. This article discusses how this problem can be addressed, utilizing additional information about the parameters through a process known as regularization. Regularization, in its broadest sense, is a mathematical technique that utilizes additional information or constraints about the parameters to reduce problems related to over-parameterization. This article develops and applies a regularization approach to the calibration of a version of the Hydrology Laboratory Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-DHM) developed by the US National Weather Service. A priori parameter estimates derived using the approach by Koren et al. (2000) were used to develop regularization relationships to constrain the feasible parameter space and enable existing global optimization techniques to be applied to solve the calibration problem. In a case study for the Blue River basin, the number of unknowns to be estimated was reduced from 858 to 33, and this calibration strategy improved the model performance while preserving the physical realism of the model parameters. Our results also suggest that the commonly used parameter field “multiplier” approach may often not be appropriate.
Analytical Solutions for the Suspended Sediment Transport in Channel with Arbitrary Velocity and Eddy Viscosity Distributions

This paper presents a new analytical approach for the solutions of suspended sediment transport in channels using generalized integral transform technique (GITT). Comparing with previous work, this new analytical solution approach takes into account the arbitrary distribution of turbulence eddy viscosity as well as the boundary conditions at the free surface and the bed. After developing the solution using GITT technique, we also present a library of analytical solutions for suspended sediment concentration considering the effects of different eddy viscosity distributions, vertical variations of mean flow distribution, bottom boundary conditions, etc. Finally, the results from this analytical solution are compared with numerical simulations.
Recurrent wheeze in early childhood and asthma among children at risk for atopy.

OBJECTIVES. Little is known about the natural history of wheezing disorders among children at risk for atopy. We examined the relation between early wheeze and asthma at 7 years of age among children with parental history of asthma or allergies followed from birth. METHODS. Information on wheeze was collected bimonthly from birth to age 24 months and every 6 months thereafter. Recurrent early wheeze was defined as ≥2 reports of wheezing in the first 3 years of life. Frequent early wheeze was defined as ≥2 reports of wheezing per year in the first 3 years of life. At 7 years of age, asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing in the previous year. RESULTS. Of the 440 participating children, 223 (50.7%) had ≥1 report of wheeze before 3 years old, 111 (26.0%) had recurrent early wheeze, and 12 (2.7%) had frequent early wheeze. Whereas only 31 (13.9%) of 223 children with ≥1 report of wheeze developed asthma at 7 years of age, 24 (21.6%) of 111 children with recurrent early wheeze developed asthma at 7 years of age. Among the 12 children with frequent early wheeze, 6 (50%) had asthma at 7 years of age. After adjustment for other covariates, recurrent early wheeze in children at risk for atopy was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of asthma at 7 years of age, and frequent early wheeze was associated with an ∼12-fold increase in the odds of asthma at 7 years of age. Most (94%) of the children without frequent early wheeze did not develop asthma at 7 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. The absence of recurrent early wheeze indicates a very low risk of asthma at school age among children with parental history of asthma or allergies. Early identification of children who will develop asthma at school age is difficult, even in children at risk for atopy. However, children with parental history of asthma or allergies who have frequent early wheeze, in particular, are at greatly increased risk of asthma and merit close clinical follow-up.
The Diffusion of Organic Food Products: Toward a Theory of Adoption

This study explores drivers influencing food processors’ decisions to adopt organic practices and the constraints which may limit the availability of food products using the National Organic Program (NOP) organic seal as a marketing tool. A constrained diffusion model is applied to assess seal qualified adoption across food categories. A second model explores market forces that influence variations in the diffusion process. Results suggest that external factors, including new regulation, impact diffusion rates. Future adoption of organic practices will require enhanced informational and physical access for potential adopters. [EconLit citations O330, Q130, Q160]. r 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Overview of the NASA Aviation Safety Program Propulsion Health Monitoring Element

The NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) has been initiated with aggressive goals to reduce the civil aviation accident rate, To meet these goals, several technology investment areas have been identified including a sub-element in propulsion health monitoring (PHM). Specific AvSP PHM objectives are to develop and validate propulsion system health monitoring technologies designed to prevent engine malfunctions from occurring in flight, and to mitigate detrimental effects in the event an in-flight malfunction does occur. A review of available propulsion system safety information was conducted to help prioritize PHM areas to focus on under the AvSP. It is noted that when a propulsion malfunction is involved in an aviation accident or incident, it is often a contributing factor rather than the sole cause for the event. Challenging aspects of the development and implementation of PHM technology such as cost, weight, robustness, and reliability are discussed. Specific technology plans are overviewed including vibration diagnostics, model-based controls and diagnostics, advanced instrumentation, and general aviation propulsion system health monitoring technology. Propulsion system health monitoring, in addition to engine design, inspection, maintenance, and pilot training and awareness, is intrinsic to enhancing aviation propulsion system safety.
Using Blog Technology For Collaborative Learning Of Accounting And Corporate Governance Issues: Design And Implementation Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Blog

The main purpose of this paper is to provide design and implementation guidance to those interested in utilizing blogs as a collaborative learning tool in any given field of study. We created the Sarbanes-Oxley Blog (SoxBlog), a web-based forum for asynchronous student-instructor-expert collaboration. Given the recent scandals and publication of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), we increased our emphasis on integrating corporate governance and ethics issues into the financial accounting curriculum. Students new to financial accounting were asked to research a number of targeted issues related to the accounting environment and corporate governance and to discuss them with their peers, instructor, and experts. Some of the items to be discussed include: the relationship between task and learning objectives, students’ engagement in the collaboration process, the structuring of the collaboration process, and the technological simplicity of creating and using blogs. Overall, students perceived the SoxBlog collaboration as a positive learning experience.
Patterns in Male Breeding Behaviors in the Bluefin Killifish, Lucania goodei: A Field Study (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae)

Abstract The determinants of male reproductive success in natural populations have not been measured for any fundulid species in North America. In this study, spawnings, courtship of females, and aggression toward other males, females, and heterospecifics were recorded during daylight hours in a natural population of bluefin killifish, Lucania goodei. Three main findings emerge. First, spawning success is correlated with male aggression toward other males and with male courtship of females, indicating that both male/male competition and female choice are likely to be operating. This result implies that both male/male competition and female choice must be considered in studies of sexual selection (as opposed to dichtomous choice tests, which preclude male/male competition). Second, males exhibited substantial levels of aggression toward both nonbreeding females and heterospecifics. Males may be guarding eggs, guarding food items, or trying to keep an open area around them so that they can be seen by gravid...
Effects of interventions on use of hearing protectors among farm operators: A randomized controlled trial

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three interventions designed to promote hearing protector device (HPD) use. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Study sample: Farm operators (n = 491) were randomly assigned to one of five intervention groups: (1) interactive web-based information with mailed assortment of HPDs; (2) Interactive web-based information only; (3) static web-based information with mailed assortment of HPDs; (4) Static web-based information only; or (5) mailed assortment of HPDs only. Data were analysed using a mixed model approach. Results: HPD use increased among all participants, and increased more among participants receiving the mailed HPDs (with or without information) compared to participants receiving other interventions. Participants receiving the interactive web-based information had comparable increased use of HPDs to those receiving the static web-based information. Participants receiving the mailed HPDs had more positive situational i...
Phenotypic variation and identification of quantitative trait loci for ozone tolerance in a Fiskeby III × Mandarin (Ottawa) soybean population.

Soybean quantitative trait loci for ozone response. Ground-level ozone reduces yield in crops such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Phenotypic variation has been observed for this trait in multiple species; however, breeding for ozone tolerance has been limited. A recombinant inbred population was developed from soybean genotypes differing in tolerance to ozone: tolerant Fiskeby III and sensitive Mandarin (Ottawa). Plants were exposed to ozone treatment for 5 days in greenhouse chambers followed by visual scoring for foliar injury. Mean injury score in the mid-canopy was 16 % for Fiskeby III, and 81 % for Mandarin (Ottawa). Injury scores were lower in younger leaves for both parents and progeny, compared to scores in the older leaves. Segregation was consistent with multigenic inheritance. Correlation coefficients for injury between leaf positions ranged from 0.34 to 0.81, with the closer leaf positions showing the greater correlation. Narrow sense heritability within an ozone treatment chamber was 0.59, 0.40, 0.29, 0.30, 0.19, and 0.35 for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and combined 3rd–5th main stem leaf positions (numbered acropetally), respectively, based on genotypic means over three independent replications. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis showed that loci were associated with distinct leaf developmental stages. QTL were identified on Chromosome 17 for the 2nd and 3rd leaf positions, and on Chromosome 4 for the 5th and 6th leaf positions. Additional loci were identified on Chromosomes 6, 18, 19, and 20. Interacting loci were identified on Chromosomes 5 and 15 for injury on trifoliate 4. The ozone sensitive parent contributed one favorable allele for ozone response.
Off-resonance operation of a MEMS Lorentz force magnetometer with improved thermal stability of the scale factor

This paper presents a new method for improving thermal stability of the scale factor in resonator-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Lorentz force magnetometers. The method uses two nominally-identical magnetometers. The first is operated off-resonance in open-loop to measure magnetic field, and the second is operated as a closed-loop oscillator to provide a frequency reference for driving current generation. The proposed operation significantly reduces the effect of the resonator's temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) on the output, improving the sensor's temperature coefficient from 12177 ppm/°C to 508 ppm/°C in a temperature range of 10–60 °C. The sensor operated with a 50 Hz frequency split exhibits a resolution of 0.36 μT/√Hz and measurement bandwidth of 38 Hz, independent from the O-limited mechanical sensor's bandwidth of 3.2 Hz.
Cyclic Nucleotides in Retina

Although adenosine 3′, 5′,-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was discovered only 25 years ago and the existence of other cyclic nucleotides, particularly guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), has been known for a much shorter period of time, an immense amount of information concerning these compounds has been generated. It has been determined that both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are present in almost all biologic systems examined, and it appears that they are involved in several metabolic and functional processes. The apparent multiple roles of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been suggested to reflect the presence of multiple “cyclic nucleotide systems” within a single tissue or even in a single cell type. Cyclic nucleotide system is an operational term and consists of a synthesizing enzyme (cyclase); a catabolizing enzyme (phosphodiesterase); and one or more cyclic nucleotide dependent enzymes (kinases) that regulate phosphorylation of proteins or lipids and their respective substrates and products. Specificity and selectivity of a cyclic nucleotide system is determined by the enzymatic properties of cyclases and phosphodiesterases; by the individual substrates of cyclic nucleotide dependent kinases; and by the cellular or sub-cellular location of the various components.
A Trap to Quantitatively Recover Dead and Abnormal Honey Bees from the Hive

A device is described which efficiently traps dead and abnormal honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) from the hive under field conditions. The device is designed to utilize normal housecleaning activities of bees to automatically collect dead and abnormal bees in glass jars which may be removed at desired intervals for tabulation of data. Almost 100% of queens and drones are recovered while approximately 80% to 90% of worker bees are recovered. Data are given which establish the normal range of mortality in populous colonies. New methods for intrahive testing of insecticide toxicity to honey bees and evaluation of adult bee diseases are made possible by the use of the trap.
385 Predictors of Graft Survival in Heart Transplant Recipients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Insights from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database

adults underwent OHT. 740 (5.4%) LTx patients and 1,117 (5.6%) OHT patients had PTM. On unadjusted analysis, both LTx patients and OHT patients with PTM had similar 30 day, 1 year and 5 year survivals (p 0.05), compared to no PTM. PTM was not significant on multivariable analysis in either the LTx or OHT cohort at any time point. No tumor types were associated with increased mortality in LTx patients. Patients with leukemia/lymphoma/myeloma(LLM) had a significant increase in univariate mortality at 30 days (HR:1.82, p 0.04), 1 year (HR:1.93, p 0.001) and 5 years(HR:1.54, p 0.01) in OHT patients. Matched cohort analysis revealed no significant data in LTx patients, but confirmed increased LLM mortality at 1 year(univariate HR:1.89, p 0.006) in OHT patients. Conclusions: In the largest study evaluating the effects of PTM on LTx and OHT, the incidence of PTM is 5.4% and 5.6% respectively. PTM does not increase mortality in either cohort. However, OHT patients with LLM have an increased hazard of mortality. Carefully selected patients with PTM should not be excluded from LTx or OHT.
The Past as Destiny: Historical Visions in Samʾal and Judah under Assyrian Hegemony*

In his groundbreaking study of the literary ramifications of the experience of western imperialism for both conquerors and the conquered, Edward Said remarks:Appeals to the past are among the commonest of strategies in interpretations of the present. What animates such appeals is not only disagreement about what happened in the past and what the past was, but uncertainty about whether the past really is past.
Speaking with People in our Profession: An interview with Allan Savory

Speaking with People in our Profession: An interview with Allan Savory DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v32i1_srm
Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growing-finishing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition of nursery and growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 216 weanling pigs (initially 4.9 kg and 19 to 23 d of age) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight in a randomized complete block design (six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment). Four barrows and four gilts were used to determine initial carcass composition. L-Carnitine replaced ground corn in the control diets to provide 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 1,250 ppm. On d 35, three barrows and three gilts per treatment (one pig/block) were killed to provide carcass compositions. L-Carnitine had no effect (P > 0.10) on growth, percentages of carcass CP and lipid, or daily protein accretion. However, daily lipid accretion tended to decrease and then return to values similar to those for control pigs (quadratic P 0.10). However, increasing dietary carnitine decreased average and tenth-rib backfat (quadratic, P < 0.10 and 0.05), and increased percentage lean and daily CP accretion rate (quadratic, P < 0.05). Break point analysis projected the optimal dosage to be between 49 and 64 ppm of L-carnitine for these carcass traits. It is concluded that dietary carnitine fed during the nursery or growing-finishing phase had no effect on growth performance; however, feeding 49 to 64 ppm of L-carnitine during the growing-finishing phase increased CP accretion and decreased tenth-rib backfat.
Evaluation of Gallium as a Tracer of Exogenous Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complexes for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications.

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma glycoprotein that generates significant interest in the drug delivery community because of its potential for delivery of antiretroviral medicines with high selectivity to macrophages and monocytes, the latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus. As is the case with other therapies that exploit transport networks for targeted drug delivery, the success of the design and optimization of Hp-based therapies will critically depend on the ability to accurately localize and quantitate Hp-drug conjugates on the varying and unpredictable background of endogenous proteins having identical structure. In this work, we introduce a new strategy for detecting and quantitating exogenous Hp and Hp-based drugs with high sensitivity in complex biological samples using gallium as a tracer of this protein and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) as a method of detection. Metal label is introduced by reconstituting hemoglobin (Hb) with gallium(III)-protoporphyrin IX followed by its complexation with Hp. Formation of the Hp/Hb assembly and its stability are evaluated with native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Both stable isotopes of Ga give rise to an abundant signal in ICP MS of a human plasma sample spiked with the metal-labeled Hp/Hb complex. The metal label signal exceeds the spectral interferences’ contributions by more than an order of magnitude even with the concentration of the exogenous protein below 10 nM, the level that is more than adequate for the planned pharmacokinetic studies of Hp-based therapeutics.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Uterine Fibroids: a Review

Laparoscopic, ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a new, FDA-cleared uterine sparing, outpatient procedure for uterine fibroids. The procedure utilizes recent technological advancements in instrumentation and imaging, allowing surgeons to treat numerous fibroids of varying size and location in a minimally invasive fashion. Early and mid-term data from multi-center clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficacy, with resolution or improvement of symptoms and significant volume reduction. Re-intervention rates for fibroid symptoms have been low. The procedure is well tolerated with a typically uneventful and rapid recovery requiring NSAIDs only for postoperative pain. While post RFA pregnancy data are limited, the results are promising.
Near infrared spectroscopic assessment of developing engineered tissues: correlations with compositional and mechanical properties

Articular cartilage degeneration causes pain and reduces the mobility of millions of people annually. Regeneration of cartilage is challenging, due in part to its avascular nature, and thus tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair have been studied extensively. Current techniques to assess the composition and integrity of engineered tissues, including histology, biochemical evaluation, and mechanical testing, are destructive, which limits real-time monitoring of engineered cartilage tissue development in vitro and in vivo. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a non-destructive technique to characterize cartilage. In the current study, we describe a non-destructive NIRS approach for assessment of engineered cartilage during development, and demonstrate correlation of these data to gold standard mid infrared spectroscopic measurements, and to mechanical properties of constructs. Cartilage constructs were generated using bovine chondrocyte culture on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds for six weeks. BMP-4 growth factor and ultrasound mechanical stimulation were used to provide a greater dynamic range of tissue properties and outcome variables. NIR spectra were collected daily using an infrared fiber optic probe in diffuse reflectance mode. Constructs were harvested after three and six weeks of culture and evaluated by the correlative modalities of mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, histology, and mechanical testing (equilibrium and dynamic stiffness). We found that specific NIR spectral absorbances correlated with MIR measurements of chemical composition, including relative amount of PGA (R = 0.86, p = 0.02), collagen (R = 0.88, p = 0.03), and proteoglycan (R = 0.83, p = 0.01). In addition, NIR-derived water content correlated with MIR-derived proteoglycan content (R = 0.76, p = 0.04). Both equilibrium and dynamic mechanical properties generally improved with cartilage growth from three to six weeks. In addition, significant correlations between NIRS-derived parameters and mechanical properties were found for constructs that were not treated with ultrasound (PGA (R = 0.71, p = 0.01), water (R = 0.74, p = 0.02), collagen (R = 0.69, p = 0.04), and proteoglycan (R = 0.62, p = 0.05)). These results lay the groundwork for extension to arthroscopic engineered cartilage assessment in clinical studies.
Telemedicine in Genetic Counseling

Genetic counselors help patients understand and adjust to the psychological, biological, and familial implications of hereditary conditions. Genetic counselors have graduate training in the biology and biochemistry of genetics and the psychology of counseling. There are 32 accredited graduate programs training genetic counselors in 22 states in the United States and 3 provinces in Canada. In North America, genetic counselors are certified by the American Board of Genetic Counselors, Inc. As of the end of 2013, there were 3260 certified genetic counselors in the United States and 235 in Canada. In 2012, full-time certified genetic counselors earned between $30,000 and $120,000 per year. Some employers also provide budgets to the genetic counselors for purchase of books, travel to professional meetings, continuing medical education studies, and occasionally sabbaticals. However, the most meaningful benefits for the counselor are the reactions from the patients they counsel. These reactions are important as they help to balance the burden the counselor faces of dealing with many patients whose own prognoses are poor. Genetic counseling is unusual in that family members often accompany the patient in the counseling session. Because of the limited number of genetic counselors, many patients live far from the nearest one. Recently technology has made it possible to offer counseling by telemedicine. These sessions are similar to face-to-face counseling sessions. They begin with introductions and discussions about the nature of heredity. The counselor then reviews the patient’s family medical history. The counselor assesses the risk for a hereditary condition and presents options for genetic testing. Finally, the session focuses on medical management and familial issues.
The First Ten Years

The 1981 Kashikojima conference marks the 10th year of the Engineering Foundation series of biannual conferences on Enzyme Engineering. The Proceedings of this sixth conference seems like an appropriate place to review the highlights of the first ten years and to answer the often asked question of how this series got started.
Baseline and distribution of organic pollutants and heavy metals in tidal creek sediments after Hurricane Sandy in the Meadowlands of New Jersey

The relatively low cost of lands along with a privileged location near an urban center attracted industry to the Meadowlands of New Jersey and the absence of regulations resulted in vast amounts of industrial waste emitted into the air and dumped to nearby estuaries and marshlands. Hurricane Sandy created an unprecedented sea surge that overtopped berms and tide gates and extensively flooded approximately 22.8 km2 of a low lying basin that includes Berry’s Creek, a tributary to the Hackensack River and well known for its legacy of high levels of contamination. The sea surge connected Berry’s Creek with eastern creeks that flow into the Hackensack River for several tidal cycles. The objectives of this study were to establish a baseline for organic pollutants and heavy metals post Superstorm Sandy, determine whether contaminants from highly contaminated areas moved to the eastern creeks during the surge and measure contaminant gradients around tide gates. Cadmium, mercury and chromium were the most abundant contaminants in sediments, and pollutants responsible for the highest ecological risk were Hg and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of PCBs were higher in the western creeks and contrary to metals did not show concentration gradients from either side of tide gates. Massive export of contaminants from western to eastern creeks due to the surge was not apparent. The abundance of heavy metals in the vicinity of tide gates shows that they play a role in their distribution across the estuary.
The spatial distribution of earthquake stress rotations following large subduction zone earthquakes

Rotations of the principal stress axes due to great subduction zone earthquakes have been used to infer low differential stress and near-complete stress drop. The spatial distribution of coseismic and postseismic stress rotation as a function of depth and along-strike distance is explored for three recent M ≥ 8.8 subduction megathrust earthquakes. In the down-dip direction, the largest coseismic stress rotations are found just above the Moho depth of the overriding plate. This zone has been identified as hosting large patches of large slip in great earthquakes, based on the lack of high-frequency radiated energy. The large continuous slip patches may facilitate near-complete stress drop. There is seismological evidence for high fluid pressures in the subducted slab around the Moho depth of the overriding plate, suggesting low differential stress levels in this zone due to high fluid pressure, also facilitating stress rotations. The coseismic stress rotations have similar along-strike extent as the mainshock rupture. Postseismic stress rotations tend to occur in the same locations as the coseismic stress rotations, probably due to the very low remaining differential stress following the near-complete coseismic stress drop. The spatial complexity of the observed stress changes suggests that an analytical solution for finding the differential stress from the coseismic stress rotation may be overly simplistic, and that modeling of the full spatial distribution of the mainshock static stress changes is necessary.
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and Cambridge Filter Test (CFT) Smoking Regimen Data Comparisons in Tobacco Product Marketing Applications.

Objective We investigated the differences in TNCO (tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide) smoke yields generated under the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Cambridge Filter Test (CFT) smoking regimens. Methods Twenty-nine commercial cigarette products from the US marketplace were acquired in 2015 and tested by measuring the TNCO smoke yields generated under these 2 nonintense smoking regimens. Results Data obtained demonstrated a linear relationship between the TNCO yields produced under the 2 smoking regimens (R2 > 0.99). TNCO yields produced by each product were higher under the CFT smoking regimen than the ISO smoking regimen. Conclusion We found that tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields were consistently 10% to 13% higher under the CFT smoking regimen than under the ISO smoking regimen. This strong correlation indicates that the 2 smoking regimens can be used to apply a correlation correction to CFT TNCO data and allow its comparison to ISO TNCO data in tobacco product marketing applications.
Tendon Tissue Engineering: Combined Tissue Engineering Approach for the Regeneration of Tendons

Abstract Every year, there are more than 32 million acute and chronic tendon and ligament injuries that occur in the United States. Due to the limited healing ability of tendons, many of these injuries require the use of a graft for recovery. These grafts are usually created from material taken from another location in the patient's body, synthetic polymers, or from decellularized tissue taken from cadavers. More often than not, these methods are problematic suffering from limited supply, threat of infection, and donor site morbidity. Another major problem facing tendon regeneration is the failure of grafts 6–12 months after implantation, which leads to pain, graft rejection, and the need for subsequent surgery. Tendon tissue engineering aims to alleviate these issues by creating viable tendon grafts that utilize the patient's own cells as the building blocks for new tissue.
Predicting Self-Control Through Familial and Environmental Factors Among Immigrant and Native-Born Adolescents

The current study addressed a research gap regarding the influence of risk factors in predicting self-control among immigrant and nonimmigrant adolescents. Three research hypotheses were postulated to test the applicability of self-control theory across generational status groups, and the influence of family and environmental factors on youths’ self-control development. The hypotheses were evaluated through hierarchical multiple regression analyses using a school-based sample of 2,056 U.S. adolescents (4% first-generation immigrants, 13% second-generation immigrants, 83% native-born) from the Second International Self-Reported Delinquency Study Dataset. In partial support of self-control theory, the results demonstrated that nearly the same set of variables including family bonding, parental supervision, neighborhood disorganization, school disorganization, and delinquent peer associations significantly predicted self-control for all three generational status groups, but that school climate significantly predicted self-control for only native-born youth. The results also showed that factors across family, neighborhood, school, and peer contexts significantly contributed to immigrant and native-born youths’ self-control. The findings suggest both family and environmental factors shape youths’ self-control. However, the variation in the contribution of those factors on self-control development for immigrant and nonimmigrant youth may be due to cultural differences promoted by acculturation. Implications for future research and delinquency prevention are discussed.