cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Mental Illness in Correctional Settings

Treatment of mental illness in correctional settings is challenging to clinical as well as custody staff, for reasons ranging from the culture of the correctional facility to provision of quality mental health care. This chapter addresses the core challenges to providing high-quality mental health treatment in correctional settings and provides guidance on how to structure the delivery of care. High-quality mental health treatment in correctional facilities is an achievable and measurable goal with appropriate planning, resources, and stakeholder support. High-quality correctional mental health treatment provides benefits to inmates, correctional facilities, and to the wider community as prisoners with mental illness transition back into society with higher rates of stability.
Quantification of Ventilation and Gas Uptake in Free-Breathing Mice With Hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI

Hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful modality capable of assessing lung structure and function. While it has shown promise as a clinical tool for the longitudinal assessment of lung function, its utility as an investigative tool for animal models of pulmonary diseases is limited by the necessity of invasive intubation and mechanical ventilation procedures. In this paper, we overcame this limitation by developing a gas delivery system and implementing a set of imaging schemes to acquire high-resolution gas- and dissolved-phase images in free-breathing mice. Gradient echo pulse sequences were used to acquire both high- and low-resolution gas-phase images, and regional fractional ventilation was quantified by comparing signal buildup among low-resolution gas-phase images acquired at two flip-angles. Dissolved-phase images were acquired using both ultra-short echo time and chemical shift imaging sequences with discrete sets of flip-angle/repetition time combinations to visualize gas uptake and distribution throughout the body. Spectral features distinct to various anatomical regions were identified in images acquired using the latter sequence and were used for the quantification of gas arrival times for respective compartments.
Application and Prospect of Side Bar Fertilization Technique for Rice in Dongting Lake Region

The environment friendly agriculture in our country has stepped into the fast development stage. The technique of rice side bar fertilization firstly emphasized the environmental benefits has also been widely applied in Dongting Lake area. However,there existed some problems,such as low enthusiasm of farmers,high technical barriers,and lack of local compensation mechanism,and so on. Based on the current application situation and combined with foreign advanced experiences,this paper analyzed these problems existed in application of rice side bar fertilization technique in Dongting Lake area and put forward some solving countermeasures in order to explore direction of application of environment friendly agricultural technique in Dongting Lake area.
R & R Dialog: Congratulations, You Got a Revise and Resubmit! Now What? The Impetus Behind and Lessons Learned from a Successful Years-long PDW Focused on the Peer Review Revision Process:

For all the experiences researchers have with the publication process, questions continue to arise about how to best navigate the revise and resubmit gauntlet. This dialog captures insight from six...
Elevated phosphate mediates extensive cellular toxicity: from abnormal proliferation to excessive cell death

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for human health. Due to our change in dietary pattern, dietary Pi overload engenders systematic phosphotoxicity, including excessive Pi related vascular calcification and chronic tissue injury. The molecular mechanisms of the seemingly distinct phenotypes remain elusive. In this study, we found that Pi directly mediates diverse cellular toxicity in a dose-dependent manner on a cell-based model. At moderately higher than physiological level, extracellular Pi promotes cell proliferation by activating AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascades. By introducing additional Pi, we observed significant cell damage caused by the interwoven Pi related biological processes, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. Taken together, elevated extracellular Pi results in a broad spectrum of toxicity by rewiring complicated signaling networks that control cell growth, cell death, ER stress, and cell mobility.
Nucleosome-constrained loop extrusion model for the origin of topologically associating domains

Chromosome conformation capture techniques (e.g Hi-C) reveal that intermediate-scale chromatin organization is comprised of "topologically associating domains" (TADs) on the tens to thousands of kb scale.1-5 The loop extrusion factor (LEF) model6-10 provides a framework for how TADs arise: cohesin or condensin extrude DNA loops, until they encounter boundary elements. Despite recent in vitro studies demonstrating that cohesin and condensin can drive loop formation on (largely) naked DNA11-13, evidence supporting the LEF model in living cells is lacking. Here, we combine experimental measurements of chromatin dynamics in vivo with simulations to further develop the LEF model. We show that the activity of the INO80 nucleosome remodeler enhances chromatin mobility, while cohesin and condensin restrain chromatin mobility. Motivated by these findings and the observations that cohesin is loaded preferentially at nucleosome-depleted transcriptional start sites14-18 and its efficient translocation requires nucleosome remodeling19-23 we propose a new LEF model in which LEF loading and loop extrusion direction depend on the underlying architecture of transcriptional units. Using solely genome annotation without imposing boundary elements, the model predicts TADs that reproduce experimental Hi-C data, including boundaries that are CTCF-poor. Furthermore, polymer simulations based on the model show that LEF-catalyzed loops reduce chromatin mobility, consistent with our experimental measurements. Overall, this work reveals new tenets for the origins of TADs in eukaryotes, driven by transcription-coupled nucleosome remodeling.
Metal-Free Oxide-Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Hyperbolic Metamaterial Platform.

Metal-free plasmonic metamaterials with wide-range tunable optical properties are highly desired for various components in future integrated optical devices. Designing a ceramic–ceramic hybrid meta...
Crowdsourced Photographs as an Effective Method for Large-Scale Passive Tick Surveillance

As tick vector ranges expand and the number of tickborne disease cases rise, physicians, veterinarians, and the public are faced with diagnostic, treatment, and prevention challenges. Traditional methods of active surveillance (e.g., flagging) can be time-consuming, spatially limited, and costly, while passive surveillance can broadly monitor tick distributions and infection rates. However, laboratory testing can require service fees in addition to mailing and processing time, which can put a tick-bite victim outside the window of potential prophylactic options or under unnecessary antibiotic administration. We performed a retrospective analysis of a national photograph-based crowdsourced tick surveillance system to determine the accuracy of identifying ticks by photograph when compared to those same ticks identified by microscopy and molecular methods at a tick testing laboratory. Ticks identified by photograph were correct to species with an overall accuracy of 96.7% (CI: 0.9522, 0.9781; P < 0.001), while identification accuracy for Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae), Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (Ixodida: Ixodidae), and Dermacentor variabilis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae), three ticks of medical importance, was 98.2% (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.9575; 95% CI: 0.9698, 0.9897), 98.8% (κ = 0.9466, 95% CI: 0.9776, 0.9941), and 98.8% (κ = 0.9515, 95% CI: 0.9776, 0.9941), respectively. Fitted generalized linear models revealed that tick species and stage were the most significant predictive factors that contributed to correct photograph-based tick identifications. Neither engorgement, season, nor location of submission affected identification ability. These results provide strong support for the utility of photograph-based tick surveillance as a tool for risk assessment and monitoring among commonly encountered ticks of medical concern.
Inphasing Signal Component Separation for an X -Band Outphasing Power Amplifier

This work investigates signal component separator design for an RF-input outphasing power amplifier (RFIO PA). In the RFIO architecture, the phase- and amplitude-modulated input signals to the outphasing power stage are realized using a nonlinear “inphasing” network, resulting in an outphasing system that operates on a single RF input. Previous RFIO work has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, but the combined nonlinear effects of the inphasing and outphasing networks have resulted in overall poor linearity. In this work, we use a simplified transistor model to predict the inphasing network design requirements, and then compare three nonlinear components to synthesize the required transfer function. An $X$ -band monolithic microwave-integrated circuit (MMIC) in 150-nm GaN is used as the output stage, and its operation is characterized for hybrid inphasing networks based on three different technologies: diode-connected HEMT, p-i-n diode, and nonlinear GaN mesa resistor. The RFIO PA with mesa resistor inphasing network achieves a linearity-efficiency compromise with −27.9 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and 29% PAE at an average output power of 27.7 dBm for a 100-MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 7.9 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) centered at 10 GHz.
High performance FLIm/OCT catheter system compatible for biochemical/structural evaluation of atherosclerosis

We report a novel 355 nm multi-spectral FLIm/ 1310 nm swept-source OCT intravascular imaging catheter system with improved performance. A free-form reflective distal optics enables uncompromised UV and NIR beam focusing. Adoption of an air bearing rotary collimator (100 rps) provides stable optical coupling (single mode transmission: 70+/-2% ); the integration of solid-state multi-spectral FLIm detection within motor drive benefits both FLIm acquisition speed (30 kHz point measurement rate) and signal quality (6x reduction in lifetime standard deviation). We anticipate that this system will complement OCT’s well known capabilities with improved inflammation quantification and extracellular matrix characterization of intravascular lesions.
Magnetoelastic coupling, negative thermal expansion, and two-dimensional magnetic excitations in FeAs

We present a temperature-dependent investigation of the local structure and magnetic dynamics of the FeAs binary. The magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ result shows an anomalous broad feature up to 550 K, with \ensuremath{\chi} continuing to increase above the N\'eel antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=70\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), peaking at \ensuremath{\sim}250 K, then decreasing gently above. It is remarkable that this peak susceptibility temperature corresponds to the onset of anisotropic negative thermal expansion in both the $a$ and $c$ axes, suggesting that magnetic interactions are affecting the structure even well above the N\'eel point. A systematic investigation into local bonding correlations, from time-of-flight neutron pair distribution function analyses, shows the octahedral volume around each Fe site growing monotonically while adjacent octahedra tilt toward one another before relaxing away past this peak in the anomalous magnetic susceptibility. We use inelastic-neutron scattering to map spin-wave excitations in FeAs at temperatures above and below the ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. We find magnetic excitations near ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ to be very different from the excitations in the ground state at 1.5 K. Spin waves measured at 1.5 K are three dimensional (3D), however, in the vicinity of the magnetic transition, the magnetic fluctuations clearly indicate two-dimensional (2D) character in this intrinsically 3D crystal structure. Unlike the undoped 2D parents of iron-arsenide superconductors, where the magnetic correlations are considerably weaker along the $c$ axis than in the $\mathit{ab}$ plane, inelastic neutron scattering here shows that the spin fluctuations in the 3D FeAs binary are nearly 2D in the $\mathit{bc}$ plane at 90 K. These results demonstrate the importance of short-range correlations in understanding the magnetic properties of transition-metal binaries, and suggest how 2D excitations, even in a 3D structure, can potentially become a breeding ground for unconventional superconductivity.
Energy-Based Circulating Current Control of a Single-Phase Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter

This paper presents a mathematical model for the single-phase hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC). Based on the model, the DC and fundamental AC components of the circulating current of the single-phase hybrid MMC are analyzed and their expressions are derived for the first time. Based on the analysis, a novel dual-loop circulating current control scheme is proposed for the single-phase hybrid MMC. The proposed control scheme can suppress the low-order harmonics of the circulating current without affecting the output current. Consequently, the total harmonic distortions and peak/root-mean-square values of the arm currents, the current/voltage stresses on the submodules (SMs), and the power loss of the MMC are all reduced. Moreover, the proposed control scheme can effectively balance the energy between the upper and lower arms of the single-phase hybrid MMC. Experimental results on a prototype of the single-phase hybrid MMC with three SMs per arm are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed circulating current control scheme.
Linear Model Selection and Regularization

In the regression setting, the standard linear model $$\displaystyle{ Y =\beta _{0} +\beta _{1}X_{1} + \cdots +\beta _{p}X_{p}+\epsilon }$$ (6.1) is commonly used to describe the relationship between a response Y and a set of variables \(X_{1},X_{2},\ldots,X_{p}\). We have seen in Chapter 3 that one typically fits this model using least squares.
Role of Oxidative Tissue Injury in the Pathophysiology of Experimentally Induced Equine Laminitis: A Comparison of 2 Models

Background: Oxidative stress reportedly plays a role in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction and failure in many species. In septic horses, laminae are targeted; evidence of laminar oxidative stress has been reported experimentally in the black walnut extract (BWE) model. Carbohydrate (CHO)-induced laminitis may be more similar to clinical sepsis-related laminitis than the BWE model in that animals with CHO-induced disease commonly develop laminar failure. The role of oxidative stress in the CHO model remains unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives: Markers of oxidative stress will be increased in laminae from horses with BWE- and CHO-induced laminitis. Animals: Banked laminar tissue from various time points from animals subjected to BWE (n = 15) and CHO (n = 20) protocols. Methods: Laminar 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and protein carbonyl content were evaluated by slot blot analysis. Laminar 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: The number of laminar 3-NT (+) cells was increased at developmental and Obel grade 1 (OG1) time points in the BWE model (versus control [CON]; P= .013) and lower in OG1 tissues than CON in the CHO model (P= .04). No change in 4-HNE content was observed in the CHO model, and no increase in laminar protein carbonyl content was present in either model (P > .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results do not support a prominent role for oxidative stress at examined time points in CHO-overload laminitis and support transient oxidative stress in the BWE model. Tissue oxidation does not appear to be a central early pathophysiologic event in CHO-associated laminitis.
Cigarette smoke impairs the in situ fatigue resistance of locomotor skeletal muscle in mice (1102.18)

Muscle dysfunction is thought to contribute to exercise intolerance in smokers with COPD. In this study, cigarette smoke (CS) was hypothesized to impair skeletal muscle fatigue resistance. To test ...
Consumers' Information Processing Objectives and Effects of Product Warnings

Based on human information processing theory it was hypothesized that consumers' information processing objective would influence the amount of time they devoted to examining product labels, their ...
Context-dependence and the sorites

In Section 1 we describe the Sorites paradox and lay out options for a solution. In Section 2 we consider approaches which deny that all premises are true, and note that these solutions all seem open to a certain serious objection. In Section 3 we note a problem for the principle of transitivity of the conditional and present a contextualist resolution of the problem, according to which the "counterexamples" to transitivity involve the informal fallacy of shifting the context. In Section 4 we consider the possibility of applying the contextualist resolution of the general transitivity puzzle to Sorites arguments in particular, discussing the views of Kamp, Pinkal and Soames. Our negative conclusion, developed in Section 5, is that the paradoxes can be formulated in a way that does not commit the informal fallacy: context is held fixed. In the final section, we suggest a different defense against the objection used in Section 2.
REST on Routers? Preliminary Lessons for Language Designers, Framework Architects, and App Developers

In this position paper, we provide a preliminary assessment of hardware and software solution stack choices available to developers of resource-oriented web services on commodity embedded devices. As part of an ongoing interdisciplinary research project on air and water quality in a major urban ecosystem, we are developing an information infrastructure amounting to a role-based hierarchy of individually addressable, interconnected resources, ranging from sensors, analyzers, and other monitoring devices to aggregators and publishers. This infrastructure follows the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural pattern and integrates non-networked or non-RESTful monitoring devices through RESTful proxy resources running on low-cost, low-energy, possibly wireless, always-on embedded servers. Commodity wireless routers running a suitable embedded Linux distribution are a good choice for this purpose, and we have started to survey the landscape of supported solution stacks, including programming languages and RESTful frameworks: Not only were our preferred, familiar choices unavailable for medium-end routers, but we had to develop our own lightweight REST layer for lower-end routers. Given the growing popularity of embedded Linux devices, however, we argue that programming language designers and framework architects should support them to a much greater extent than they do now. In addition, as the demand for green computing grows, we argue that memoryand processor-efficient languages and frameworks become increasingly important.
The Development of Interactive Problem Solving: In John Burton's Footsteps

I first learned about the new approach to unofficial diplomacy that John Burton was developing when I met him on his visit to the University of Michigan in the summer of 1966. He called it controlled communication at the time (see Burton, 1969) and had first applied it in an exercise on the conflict between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore earlier that year. The approach immediately resonated with me. I saw it as a way of putting into practice the social-psychological approach to international conflict that I had been exploring at the theoretical level. When Burton invited me to come to London in the fall of 1966 as a member of the third-party panel in an exercise (what we now call a problem-solving workshop) on the Cyprus conflict that he was planning, I accepted with enthusiasm. My meeting with Burton and participation in the Cyprus exercise represented a major turning point in my work and in my life. It is important to note that I was well into midcareer at the time I met Burton. I was 39 years old and well-established in my field of social psychology. I had received my Ph.D. at Yale University in 1951, and in 1956 I was awarded the Socio-Psychological Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for my theoretical and experimental work on social influence (Kelman, 1956). I was a full professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Michigan, with a joint appointment at the Center for Research on Conflict Resolution. I was also one of the founders of the peace research movement in the United States, starting in 1951, and of the Journal of Conflict Resolution—the first journal in the field. I had even acquired some respectability within the IR field—despite my origins in psychology—especially with the publication of International Behavior: A Social-Psychological Analysis (Kelman, 1965a). Thus, my growing engagement in the type of endeavor pioneered by John Burton represented a significant change in my professional agenda—although, as I shall spell out in this article, a change that has drawn extensively on my earlier work and is directly continuous with it. The change in my endeavors as of 1966 has not been immediate and certainly not complete. I have done research, writing, and teaching in areas other than conflict resolution over the years. I have continued work in some of my earlier areas of concern. I initiated one major line of research—starting with a study in 1971, in collaboration with V. Lee Hamilton, of public reactions to the My Lai massacre and the trial of Lt. Calley, and culminating in a book entitled Crimes of Obedience (Kelman & Hamilton, 1989). But, increasingly over the years, my work came to center on activities that derived directly from John Burton’s pioneering contributions to theory and practice (Burton, 1969, 1979,
The analysis of residence histories and other longitudinal panel data: A continuous time mixed markov renewal model incorporating exogeneous variables

Abstract The analysis of residence histories and other longitudinal panel data is fraught with methodological problems. Much recent progress has been made in methods of analysis within discrete time. This paper extends the development of empirically tractable mixed continuous time stochastic models. Analysis of a sample of intra-urban residential histories identifies the effect of tenure type, age of household head, size of household and duration of stay on movement probabilities. Surprisingly, no further variation, as represented by a gamma mixing distribution over a hazard rate parameter, may be identified.
The Traffic in Babies: Cross-Border Adoption and Baby-Selling between the United States and Canada 1930-1972 by Karen A. Balcom

The historical roots of international adoption are often attributed to the first adoptions of Korean children following the Korean War. Those more aware of adoption history may cite the placement o...
Osteogenesis imperfecta and other defects of bone development as occasional causes of adult osteoporosis

Publisher Summary Osteoporosis is being recognized with increasing frequency in young adult women and men. The clinician is faced with a differential diagnosis that may range from an inherited disorder such as mild osteogenesis imperfecta, to acquired endocrine, gastrointestinal, and renal disorders. Representative of these are hyperparathyroidism, occult malabsorption, and idiopathic hypercalcuria. Osteoporosis associated with malignancy in a young adult is also a factor in differential diagnosis. However, a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic situation confronts the clinician attending a young male or premenopausal female when these disorders are eliminated and the diagnosis is primary idiopathic osteoporosis. A consideration of the etiology of osteoporosis in young adults between the ages of puberty and age 50 years invokes two concerns: the genetic background of the individual and the role of a heritable defect in connective tissue synthesis leading to diminished bone mass. Both factors may underlie the failure to achieve peak young adult bone mass, now recognized as leading to osteoporosis in later life. New developments in the molecular biology of connective tissues, particularly the definition of mutations affecting the synthesis of types I, II, and III collagens, have focused research perspectives on the possibility of mutations affecting other skeletal matrix components besides the collagens. Thus, osteoporosis related to a heritable disorder may present itself at any age.
Just dessert: Serving fruit as a separate “dessert” course increases vegetable consumption in a school lunch

Abstract Consumption of vegetables is related to overall health. American children, particularly low income students who qualify for free school meals, consume a majority of their calories at school. The United States Federal Government sets regulations for those school meals to promote healthy eating, encouraging the consumption of well-liked fruits and less-liked vegetables. Given that hedonic contrast can affect liking for foods served simultaneously, this study investigated whether a well-liked fruit served at the same time as a less-liked vegetable in a school lunch would reduce consumption and liking for that vegetable compared to when the fruit was served subsequent to vegetable consumption. All of the third and fourth grade subjects consumed some of the vegetable when the fruit was served after the vegetable. When the fruit and vegetable were served simultaneously 40% of the subjects consumed none of the vegetable (Cramer’s V = 0.52). There was no difference in liking ratings for the vegetable as reported by subjects, though they may have felt peer pressure to positively rate their meal. Serving the fruit component after the rest of the meal is recommended as a standard practice to encourage vegetable consumption in school children.
Testing of Graphical User Interfaces

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have become pervasive in software design, and constitute an accepted method for interacting with software and other products. Although they have become increasingly easy to design using contemporary tool sets, and they make software easy to use for all types of users, there are some fundamental problems in testing GUI systems. Testing GUI systems is difficult, in that a GUI may posses a large number of states to be tested, the input space is extremely large because of the different permutations of user inputs and events, and complex GUI dependencies may exist. However, probably the greatest difficulty is detecting an effect when an error occurs, because it may not be observable on the screen to the tester, or otherwise not observable at the time to the tester (unless a traumatic event, such as a “crash” occurs). The growth of the number of possible GUI tests is documented by, which illustrates why a GUI testing strategy must be systematic and scalable.By scalable,we mean that as the size of the GUI system increases, the number of tests required by the strategy increases either linearly or at most quadratically with the size of the GUI system. Two measures of GUI system size are the number of GUI objects and the total number of selections to be chosen by the user taken over all GUI objects. To give an idea of the potential growth of possible tests, if we need to test for arbitrary interactions of GUI objects or selections without regard to their order, this may grow as large as the product of all selections taken over all the GUI objects (geometric growth). On the other hand, if the GUI interactions depend on the orderof the objects or selections, then the potential number of tests may grow as large as a factorial growth in terms of the GUI objects and their selections. As of this writing, little about the number of these interactions (and hence required tests) for practical systems as known. Keywords: software design; error; scalable; industrial work; overview; implementation; reduction components; CIS interaction; system settings; research issues
Complement activation by antibodies to DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus measured by enzyme immunoassay

An enzyme immunoassay to detect complement-fixing antibodies to DNA (CF-antiDNA) was developed. Of SLE sera, 64% had these antibodies as did 6% of 50 rheumatoid arthritis and 3.2% of 93 normal human sera. The mean CF-antiDNA level was higher in the sera of SLE patients with renal disease than those SLE patients who had no renal disease (P less than 0.0001), and higher in those SLE patients with active rather than inactive renal disease (P = 0.006). CF-antiDNA was more closely associated with renal activity than total IgG-antiDNA or CH50. These observations suggest that both the quality and quantity of anti-DNA antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of renal disease, and that modern enzyme immunoassays help distinguish the relative importance of complement-fixing antibodies to anti-DNA from that of total anti-DNA.
Early warnings of unknown nonlinear shifts: a nonparametric approach

Early warning signals (EWS) of regime shifts are challenging in cases where the true natural data-generating process is uncertain. Nonparametric drift-diffusion-jump models address this problem by fitting a general model that can approximate a wide range of data-generating processes. Drift measures the local rate of change. Diffusion measures relatively small shocks that occur at each time step. Jumps are large intermittent shocks. Total variance combines the contributions of diffusion and jumps. Nonparametric methods are well suited to emerging technology for automated, high-frequency sensors. Total variance is the most precisely measured indicator. Jump intensity appears to be a useful EWS. Estimates of the drift are highly uncertain unless long time series with many regime shifts are available. EWS computed from drift estimates (such as autocorrelation coefficients or return rates) have low precision and should be used with caution. Nonetheless, in the current state of knowledge, it is premature to disregard any potential EWS.
Arginine Vasopressin Levels during a Painful Stimulus in Infancy

Summary: Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations were measured in eight healthy, full term male infants before and during circumcision. There was no change in mean (± S.E.) plasma arginine vasopressin level from the baseline period (2.1 ± 0.5 μ/ml) to 1–2 min after application of a crushing clamp on the dorsal foreskin (1.8 ± 0.7 μ/ml). Speculation: Unlike adults, the healthy newborn appears to tolerate a painful stimulus without increased plasma arginine vasopressin.
Simultaneous dislocation of the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb: A case report

A complete dislocation of the proximal phalanx of the thumb is presented. At 6 months after the injury, the patient had a painless right thumb with a full range of motion. No such similar case has been found in the literature.
Line balancing for non-traditional assembly lines, mixed models, and sequence-dependent assembly times

Abstract Traditionally, the assembly line balancing problem dealt with balancing linear assembly lines given a precedence diagram of the jobs involved. The objective of this problem is either to maximize the workstations throughput, or minimize the number of workstations, given a cycle time. The job times are traditionally assumed to be independent of the assembly sequence. Recent technological and philosophical changes in the manufacturing area leading to job enrichment, mechanized assembly, non-synchronous assembly lines and non-traditional lines have reduced the practicality of traditional solutions. This paper presents an assembly line balancing problem in which the assembly times increase when a job is assembled late, due to extended fixturing and reachability difficulties. This paper presents a methodology for job enrichment introducing multiple occurrences of the same product in the same line, resulting in increased throughput of the line. All these issues are developed for a traditional linear lin...
Separation of Germanium from Ethylene Glycol Distillates by N-Methylglucamine Resin

Abstract Germanium compounds have been widely used as polycondensation catalysts in the manufacture of polyesters (I). The reaction proceeds with successive distillation of ethylene glycol (EG) from the reaction mixture. In this process, about 50–75% of the germanium fed appears in the EG distillates along with water, diethylene glycol, low-molecular weight polyesters, etc. This loss and the high cost of germanium have provided incentive for developing a method to separate and recover germanium from the EG distillates. However, the small amount of work devoted to this purpose is recognized only in the patent literature (2–5).
Tuning the underwater oleophobicity of graphene oxide coatings via UV irradiation

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was utilized to gradually modify the chemistry and structure of graphene oxide (GO) flakes, as confirmed by XPS and AFM. Ultrathin GO coatings/membranes, made of UV-irradiated flakes, showed tunable underwater oleophobicity. UV-treated, superoleophobic GO membranes exhibited excellent antifouling capability for oil/water separation.
Adenocarcinoma in multilocular renal cyst

The fifth case of a patient with a multilocular cystic nephroma with an associated adenocarcinoma is reported. The histology of the tumor and biochemical analysis of the cyst fluid are presented and the literature summarized.
Mechanism for CO oxidation catalyzed by Pd-substituted BaCeO3, and the local structure of the active sites

Abstract Ba(Ce,Pd)O 3 perovskite is an unusual catalyst for CO oxidation by O 2 , given its low surface area. The rate law for the catalytic reaction was evaluated under CO-lean and CO-rich conditions, as well as near-stoichiometric conditions. When O 2 is present in excess, the kinetics show CO inhibition, consistent with a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism in which both reactants compete for the same adsorption sites. The Arrhenius activation energy for this mechanism is surprisingly low, (7.8 ± 0.3) kcal/mol. It is attributed to weak adsorption of CO on ionic surface Pd(II) sites. When O 2 is limiting, the reaction orders for both CO and O 2 show a strong dependence on P (CO)/ P (O 2 ), and eventually become independent of both P (CO) and P (O 2 ) at high P (CO). This suggests a new BaCeO 3 -mediated mechanism which dominates the reaction at high P (CO)/ P (O 2 ). Its Arrhenius activation energy is (9.7 ± 0.3) kcal/mol, probably reflecting the barrier to oxygen migration in the oxide phase. Both mechanisms contribute significantly for P (CO)/ P (O 2 ) ≈ 1. The catalytic activity of Pd-substituted BaCeO 3 is attributed to the increased bulk oxygen mobility in the presence of square-planar Pd(II) ions that are located on the perovskite B -sites, each adjacent to an oxygen vacancy.
Power comparisons for an improved disease clustering test

The current note presents the power comparisons for disease clustering tests, as originally reported by Kulldorff et al. (Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 42 (2003) 665). A minor improvement to the implementation of the M-statistic, motivated by that work, results in dramatically higher power to detect clusters of disease.
Shwachman-Diamond in the rough

Comment on Austin et al, page [1253][1] SBDS , the recently identified gene for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), encodes a novel protein of unknown function. The protein, absent or diminished in cells from 6 of 7 patients with SDS, localizes to the nucleolus of normal fibroblasts in a cell-cycle
Event-related potentials in cognitive neuropsychology: Methodological considerations and an example from studies of aphasia

Recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from neurological patients introduces some methodological problems that are unique to this type of work. Important issues include, for example, the signal-to-noise ratio in patients relative to control subjects and changes in conductivity that are due to brain lesion. Therefore, in order to be able to reliably interpret possible changes in the ERP effects of brain-damaged patients as reflecting changes in underlying cognitive processes, it is important to clearly identify the factors that might contaminate the results of the experiments and to apply appropriate controls. Possible controls are discussed, and, as an example, some studies illustrating the use of ERPs in aphasic patients are reviewed.
Outcome of direct current cardioversion for atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Objectives We sought to evaluate safety, efficacy, and outcome of direct current cardioversion (DCCV) for atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Background Atrial arrhythmias are increasingly noted in adults with CHD. The outcome of DCCV for atrial arrhythmias in this population is unknown. Methods Our study was a retrospective review of patients 18years or older with CHD who underwent DCCV between June 2000 and July 2003. This constituted the CHD group. Patient characteristics reviewed included the specific cardiac diagnosis and arrhythmia history. A subset of patients had transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before DCCV; this subset was reviewed to evaluate spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. The outcome data evaluated included success of DCCV, complications, recurrence of arrhythmia, antiarrhythmic medication use, electrophysiology or pacemaker procedure in follow-up, and all-cause mortality. The recurrence rate of the arrhythmia was compared to a control group consisting of an age, gender, and rhythm matched group of patients who have no CHD and who underwent DCCV for atrial arrhythmias. Results Sixty-three patients in the CHD group underwent 80 DCCVs, 59 of which were TEE-guided. Atrial flutter was more common in the CHD group (37 of 80 DCCV, 46%) than in the control group (13 of 56, 23%) ( p p =0.13). Recurrent arrhythmia in the CHD group was predicted by the presence of atrial fibrillation ( p =0.009) and less so spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium ( p =0.05). Conclusions DCCV with appropriate anticoagulation is safe and effective for patients with CHD, even in the presence of an intracardiac shunt and spontaneous contrast on TEE. However, the recurrence rate is substantial. Spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium along with atrial fibrillation predicts arrhythmia recurrence following DCCV in patients with CHD.
Workers and Strangers The Household Service Economy and the Landscape of Suburban Fear

The growing household service economy (e.g., domestic service, gardening) introduces social heterogeneity both within and near suburban regions that have previously been segregated by race and class. The author examines this dynamic through an ethnographic study of a community in Orange County, California, and argues that the shifts in social geography accompanying the household service economy in this neighborhood had exacerbated existing anxieties about security and contributed to the popular desire among residents to “fortress.” The findings of this study suggest that in a bifurcated economy in which household services proliferate, more suburban neighborhoods may retreat into highly regulated, gated communities.
Dual Interferometric-Doppler Measurements of the Radial and Angular Velocity of Humans

The first measurements of moving humans using a dual-mode millimeter-wave radar sensor are presented. The radar sensor is comprised of a Doppler detection mode for measuring the radial velocity of a moving object, as well as a recently developed interferometric mode for directly measuring the angular velocity. Combining the two detection modes, it is shown that the motion of a walking human can be detected and measured regardless of the direction of trajectory relative to the radar sensor. Such a capability has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of security radars, and may apply to a broad range of other motion detection radar applications. The frequency shifts imparted on the signal in both Doppler and interferometric detection modes are measured in the time-frequency domain, and show that as the trajectory moves from a completely radial motion to a completely angular motion, the Doppler frequency shift decreases while the interferometric frequency shift increases. The two detection modes therefore represent complementary measurements, improving the ability to measure the motion of randomly moving objects.
Quantum phase slips and superconductivity in granular films.

An explanation is proposed for the recent observation that in ultrathin Sn films there is apparently a universal normal-state sheet resistance above which superconductivity cannot be established. It is demonstrated that when the sheet resistance is larger than the quantum of resistance, ${R}_{Q}=\frac{h}{4{e}^{2}}$, the order parameter suffers phase slips due to quantum tunneling driving the film normal at low temperature. This value of the resistance agrees quantitatively with experiment.
Effect of Density and Altered Structure of Adipose Stromal Cells on Breast Cancer Initiation.

Increased adiposity is strongly associated with higher risk of estrogen-receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer and increased mortality of breast cancer. Adipose stromal cells (ASC) play critical role in both development and metastasis of cancer as well as initiation of the disease. Within tumor microenvironment role of ASC is well studied, however, its role in initiation of the disease is less understood. In this study we uncovered novel function of ASC in both estrogen-dependent and independent cancer development. We showed that ASC induces aromatase, a key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, under the influence of cell density-stimulated shape change mechanism in cancer-free individuals. The activation of aromatase transcription is mediated by IkB kinase b (IKKb), a kinase previously known for its cancer-promoting activity in tumor cells. Activation of IKKb leads to elevated expression of transcription factor C/EBPb, which binds to and stimulates two breast cancer-associated promoters of the aromatase gene. We also show that shape-induced estrogen production in ASCs can stimulate estrogen-dependent transcription in ER-positive breast tumor cells. We developed a xenograft model that supported our in vitro observation.Here we further showed that density-driven ASCs significantly stimulated migration and invasion of ER-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and tumor invasion in a co-transplant xenograft mouse model. Our study also identified cofilin-1, a known regulator of actin dynamics, as an important determinant for the stimulatory activity of ASCs. The cofilin-dependent pathway controled the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in ASCs. Depletion of IL-6 from ASC-conditioned medium abrogated the stimulatory effect of ASCs on the migration and invasion of breast tumor cells. Thus, our study revealed how ASC, under an altered cellular architecture, may contribute to the breast cancer risk in obesity and high breast density. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 505.
Compensation of nonlinear cross polarization and cross phase modulation in a 112Gb/s 7×4Gbaud PDM coherent OFDM channel caused by 10Gb/s OOK neighbors

A method for compensation of both high speed XPolM and XPM in a 112Gb/s PDM OFDM QPSK channel surrounded by 10Gb/s OOK neighbors is proposed. It allows for more than 4dB Q-factor improvement in a 10×100km NDSF fiber with 90% inline dispersion compensation.
Numerical Simulations of Microburst-producing Storms: Some Results from Storms Observed during COHMEX

Abstract In the first part of this paper, the characteristics of microburst-producing storms are examined with a three-dimensional cloud model using soundings from the Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX). With a grid resolution of 500 m, it is shown that the general characteristics of observed vertical velocities, vertical draft sizes, water contents, radar reflectivities, and surface outflow strengths can be simulated. In addition, observed microburst precursors such as midlevel convergence and descending precipitation cores can also be simulated. Using a grid resolution of 250 m, the observed structure of a particularly well-documented storm on 20 July 1986 during COHMEX is simulated, including a hail shaft 1–2 km wide that descended to the ground. In the second part of this paper, the influence of microphysical processes in the production of low-level downdrafts in simulated COHMEX storms is investigated. It is shown that low-level downdrafts are in some cases stronger and deeper ...
Abstract 4887: Omentin: A novel adipokine in the omental microenvironment associated with ovarian cancer progression

Advanced stage serous ovarian cancer metastasizes preferentially to the omentum, which is a well-vascularized fold of peritoneal tissue and is a major site of intra-abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that the omental microenvironment is a favorable niche for ovarian cancer cells. The 5-year survival drops to below 50% for the cancer cases that spread beyond the pelvis to the omentum. It has also become apparent that obesity contributes to a poor clinical outcome. The mechanisms by which omental adipose tissue promotes tumor growth and disease progression are not entirely clear. Using transcriptome profiling analysis on the microdissected adipose tissue from patients with benign gynecologic diseases and from patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), we identified a gene signature for ovarian cancer associated omental adipose tissue, suggesting that alteration of these genes in the ovarian cancer associated omental adipose tissue may generate a permissive microenvironment to support ovarian cancer growth. Among genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated in ovarian cancer associated adipose tissue compared with the normal adipose tissue, we seek to focus on evaluating the role of omentin (Intestinal Lactoferrin Receptor ITLN1) in ovarian cancer progression since it is a novel adipokine that is predominantly expressed and secreted by visceral adipose tissue and is barely detectable in subcutaneous fats. Our data showed for the first time that omentin was expressed predominantly by the mesothelial cells covering the visceral adipose tissue but not by other cell types in the omental adipose tissue. Interestingly, we showed that circulating omentin level is significantly lower in patients with HGSOC compared with those in the BMI matched healthy individuals. In addition, using monolayer culture models, we demonstrated that omentin suppressed ovarian cancer motility and invasion potential directly and ovarian cancer growth only in the presence of adipocytes. We also showed that omentin can increase insulin-dependent glucose up-take in adipocytes and omentin expression can be down-regulated by co-culturing with ovarian cancer cells and in the presence of TNF-α. The study provides the first evidence that ovarian cancer cells modify the visceral adipose tissue through down-regulation of omentin to facilitate their growth in the omental microenvironment. Citation Format: Chi Lam Au Yeung, Ngai Na Co, Michaela Onstad, Tsz-Lun Yeung, Cecilia S. Leung, Rosemarie Schmandt, Karen H. Lu, Samuel C. Mok. Omentin: A novel adipokine in the omental microenvironment associated with ovarian cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4887. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4887