cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Democratizing Innovation and Capital Access: The Role of Crowdfunding:

This article focuses on how crowdfunding might democratize the commercialization of innovation as well as financing. First, it examines how crowdfunders decide what effort to support and asks how do crowd and expert decisions differ? Second, it investigates whether crowdfunding democratizes access to capital by asking whether groups that have historically been underrepresented in capital markets gain additional access to capital markets through crowdfunding. Finally, it investigates whether crowdfunding leads to the growth of new firms in the same way that traditional funding does. Taken together, these questions point at a potentially vast alternative infrastructure for developing, funding, and commercializing innovation.
Synthesis, Structure and Antitumor of a Water-Soluble Platinum Complex, (1R, 3R, 4R, 5R)-(-)-Quinato(1R, 2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II)

The reaction of dihydroxo(1R, 2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II) with (-)-quinic acid gave a water soluble complex, (-)-quinato(1R, 2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II). The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray analysis. The data indicate a chelation of the α-hydroxycarboxylic acid part of quinic acid to platinum(II).The complex shows moderate antitumor activity against murine leukemia L1210 at high doses (T/C×100=179% at a dose of 200mg/kg).
Factors Affecting Gallery Construction, Oviposition, and Reemergence of Dendroctonus frontalis in the Laboratory

The effects of constant temperature, adult density, female size, and month of adult emergence on gallery construction and oviposition per mating pair were examined for Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. These factors interacted such that the effect of a single factor on reproduction could not be ascertained. Predictive models were developed to describe their combined effects on (1) total gallery and eggs per pair and (2) the cumulative proportion of gallery and eggs per pair through time. Models for (1) and (2) were consolidated to describe time-dependent reproduction per pair. Beetles constructed more gallery and laid more eggs at 15°C, whereas least gallery construction occurred at 30°C and fewest eggs at 10°C. Larger females emerging in February produced more gallery and eggs than did smaller females emerging in May or June. Total gallery and eggs per pair generally decreased with increasing pairs per dm2. Female size did not influence the timing of the cumulative distributions of gallery and eggs per pair, although temperature, density, and month of emergence did. The influence of temperature and density on daily fractional reproduction was described by a single empirical distribution function using constants to adjust the time scale. A separate function was needed to distinguish beetles emerging in February from those emerging in May and June. Weibull functions described the cumulative proportion of gallery per pair through time, whereas gamma functions provided similar descriptions for eggs. The effects of temperature, density, size, and month of emergence on the mean distances and times of initial and terminal egg-free and egg-bearing gallery were studied. The biological implications of these and other analyses on reemergence behavior were discussed.
Maximum Individual Dose and Vicinity-Average Dose for a Geologic Repository

Recent proposals for a new U.S. standard for high-level waste disposal would limit the average dose to individuals in the vicinity surrounding a geologic repository. This would be a new approach to protecting the public from environmental releases of radioactivity. Heretofore, criteria adopted for geologic disposal have limited the reasonable maximum exposure to a future hypothetical individual. Here we present quantitative analyses of the relation between maximum exposure and vicinity-average exposure, resulting from future human use of ground water contaminated by radioactive releases from a repository. Estimating the vicinity-average exposure would require postulates and guesses of location and habits of future people. Exposure probabilities postulated by others show that proposed dose limit to the vicinity-average individual would be a far more lenient standard than the traditional dose limit to reasonably maximally exposed individuals. The proposed vicinity-average dose limit would allow far greater concentrations of contaminants in ground water than would be allowed by normal standards of ground water protection. A safety standard that limits vicinity-average exposure should also include limits on maximum exposure.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MORDENITE AND OLINOPTILOLITE IN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (II)

Data regarding amounts of gas adsorbed, cation exchange capacity values and X-ray reflection peak intensities of mordenite and clinoptilolite from sedimentary zeolite rocks were compared with those of zeolite-content by the X-ray diffraction division method in order to simply know the zeolite-content. Amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorbed on mordenite-tuffs are fairly directly proportional to mordenite-content values as are those of carbon dioxide on clinoptilolite-tuffs to clinoptilolite-content values. The content values of mordenite and clinoptilolite in the specimens which contain both the above zeolite minerals, were successfully obtained at a time by a combination method of carbon dioxide adsorption and X-ray diffraction. Cation exchange capacity values of mordenite-tuffs appears to be directly proportional to mordenite-content values. However those of clinoptilolite-tuffs are inadequate to estimate clinoptilolite-content values. The relationships between X-ray reflection peak intensities of zeolite minerals and zeolite-content values can be expressed with a quadratic equation (1). I=a•x2+b•x (1) where I is the X-ray reflection peak intensity, x is the zeolite-content value and, a and b are constants. The content values of mordenite and clinoptilolite in the specimens which contain both the above zeolite minerals, were easily calculated by the equation (1) using (202) plane for mordenite and (035) plane for clinoptilolite.
Quantum cosmology of openR×S 2 ×S 1

We examine the classical and quantum cosmology of a Kantowski-Sachs spacetime manifold with a topology openR\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${\mathit{S}}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${\mathit{S}}^{1}$ and a nonzero cosmological constant, within the framework of canonical quantum gravity. The classical trajectories are analyzed, and it is shown that the classical problem can be reduced to that of free particles. Both the Hartle-Hawking ``no-boundary'' proposal and the Vilenkin ``outgoing flux'' proposal are examined. First, the Hartle-Hawking proposal is generalized to canonical quantum gravity by imposing generic initial conditions on the solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation at small scale factors. The resulting wave function has essentially the same leading exponential behavior as the semiclassical approximation to the ``no-boundary'' Euclidean functional integral in the nonoscillatory region. It is further shown, by calculating overlap integrals with semiclassical wave functions, that the wave function diverges too quickly in this region to be interpreted probabilistically. An analogue of the Baum-Hawking factor appears, and is interpreted as indicating that, given a small \ensuremath{\Lambda}, the wave function is highly peaked around a class of configurations in which the ${\mathit{S}}^{2}$ radius is R=[1/(2G${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{1/2}$)]. These configurations are classically unstable. Second, given a complete set of solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, the outgoing flux proposal is found to be insufficient to select a unique wave function. A source is found for the Wheeler-DeWitt current of the above solutions. No analogue of the Baum-Hawking factor appears in the outgoing flux model.
Secure SCADA communication network for detecting and preventing cyber-attacks on power systems

This paper presents a scaled model for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) communication network, which monitors and controls power distribution in residential areas. We recommend to integrate advanced communication technologies into current SCADA system to improve its performance in monitoring and controlling the operations of the power systems. This paper further proposes to use ad hoc wireless sensor networks in the residential areas as a part of SCADA communication in power distribution network. Moreover, a trust-based intrusion detection and prevention (IDP) technology built on monitoring, detecting, and rehabilitation (MDR) approach is applied to the proposed network for cyber security analysis. To verify the performance of the proposed SCADA communication network using MDR, simulation is carried out for three different cases and results demonstrate that the proposed MDR approach helps in detecting and preventing the malicious nodes in the network effectively.
Improved Management of Non-Seminomatous Testis Tumors

AbstractTwo contributions to the management of non-seminomatous germinal cell tumors of the testisare reviewed. First, a midline technique of extended retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has been developed, allowing good access to both renal suprahilar zones as well as the traditional hilar and infrahilar areas. This technique has been used at our medical center to stage embryonal carcinoma or teratocarcinoma of the testis in patients who had negative preoperative chest tomography. Of 58 consecutive patients seen from 1965 to 1975, 30 had stage A disease and 28 had stage B. All 30 patients with stage A disease survived (100 per cent) and 24 of 28 patients with stage B disease survived (86 per cent), for an over-all survival rate of 93 per cent.The second contribution relates to the development of a new combination chemotherapy protocol for patients with stage 0 disease. Preoperative stage C lesions are treated with platinum, vinblastine sulfate and bleomycin. Patients who achieve clearance of pulmonary ...
Strategies for Pain Management in Traumatic Thoracic Injuries

Tissue damage, such as that caused by traumatic injury, is associated with the sensations and responses characterized initially as acute pain. It is known that unrelieved pain contributes to morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Is pain contributing to morbidity and mortality in critically injured patients as well? Nurses are in a critical position to assess and manage pain. They must be familiar with the wide variety of available pain management techniques and be prepared to advocate their use.
Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Cancer

Hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are strongly associated with about 80–90% of HCCs developing in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers. Here, we will review the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and HCC, focusing on the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the primary source of hepatic myofibroblast, and the production of extracellular matrix in hepatocarcinogenesis. After reviewing the premalignant microenvironment and tumor microenvironment of the liver, we will discuss evidence for a role of HSCs in hepatocarcinogenesis and highlight mediators and pathways through which HSCs may contribute to the promotion and progression of HCC.
Problem Behavior Theory and Adolescent Risk Behavior: A Re-Formulation

This chapter reports a re-formulation of Problem Behavior Theory into the risk and protective factor concepts of epidemiology. A comprehensive risk and protective factor conceptual framework is presented, and Problem Behavior Theory is shown to be a particular approach embedded in that larger, explanatory framework. The concepts of risk and protection are analyzed, as is the concept of risk behavior, and a sharp distinction is drawn between risk behavior and so-called risk-taking behavior, with the latter considered a source of explanatory confusion. Five ‘causal’ domains of risk factors and protective factors are articulated—biology/genetics; social environment; perceived environment; personality; and behavior—and examples of Problem Behavior Theory risk factors and protective factors in each domain are presented. Linkages of each of those domains with risk behaviors are illustrated, as is the linkage between engaging in risk behavior and health- or life-compromising outcomes.
Abstract 434: Insig-2a Links CREBH Signaling to Hepatic Lipogenesis and Systemic Hyperlipidemia

The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are master transcription factors that regulate hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Perturbation of SREBPs functionality is closely related to the onset of hyperlipidemia. The current investigation sought to advance our understanding on the activation of SREBP-1c via the interplay between the cAMP responsive element binding protein H (CREBH) and the liver specific insulin-induced gene 2a isoform (Insig-2a). Genetic depletion of CREBH specifically down regulated expression of both Insign-2a mRNA and protein levels which resulted in the hyperactivation of SREBP-1c and the subsequent hypertriglyceridemia. Challenging wild type (WT) mice with a high fat diet (HFD) specifically stimulated expression of Insig-2a mRNA and protein in the WT mice. In contrast, HFD failed to enhance expressions of Insig-2a mRNA and protein in CREBH-null mice. No alterations were detected on the mRNA transcription of another Insig-2 isoform, Insig-2b, in the livers of WT mice and CREBH-null mice under both chow and HFD conditions. Decrease of Insig-2a caused activation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, mainly via SREBP-1c activation, which contributed to the development of sever systemic hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in CREBH-null mice. Consistent with the in vivo observation, forced expression of CREBH cDNA in a rat hepatoma cell line, McA cells, specifically increased expressions of both Insig-2a mRNA and protein which in turn inhibited activation of SCREBP-1c. Analyzing the gene promoter of Insig-2a, we identified a CREB binding site at the promoter of the Insig-2a and a ChIP assay further confirmed the physical association between CREBH and the Insig-2a promoter. These data identify Insig-2a as a target gene of CREBH. Modulation of Insig-2a expression by CREBH is essentially involved in regulating hepatic triglyceride metabolism. Given the role of CREBH in hepatic acute phage response signaling, this finding further reveals the cross-talk between inflammatory and insulin signal pathways in maintaining systemic lipid homeostasis and may provide rationale for pharmaceutical design to specifically target CREBH and insig-2a in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
Tethered Swimming Test: Reliability and the Association With Swimming Performance and Land-Based Anaerobic Performance.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was three-fold: (a) to examine the test-retest reliability of a 30 second maximal tethered freestyle swimming test (TST), (b) to assess the validity of the TST by examining the association to sprint swimming performance and, (c) to examine the associations between a
Interaction of the cryptic fragment of myelin basic protein with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 affects cell energy metabolism.

In demyelinating nervous system disorders, myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of the myelin sheath, is proteolyzed and its fragments are released in the neural environment. Here, we demonstrated that, in contrast with MBP, the cellular uptake of the cryptic 84-104 epitope (MBP84-104) did not involve the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, a scavenger receptor. Our pull-down, mass-spectrometry and molecular modeling studies suggested that, similar with a number of other unfolded and aberrant proteins and peptides, the internalized MBP84-104 was capable of binding to the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 (VDAC-1), a mitochondrial porin. Molecular modeling suggested that MBP84-104 directly binds to the N-terminal α-helix located midway inside the 19 β-blade barrel of VDAC-1. These interactions may have affected the mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in multiple cell types. Notably, MBP84-104 caused neither cell apoptosis nor affected the total cellular ATP levels, but repressed the aerobic glycolysis (lactic acid fermentation) and decreased the L-lactate/D-glucose ratio (also termed as the Warburg effect) in normal and cancer cells. Overall, our findings implied that because of its interactions with VDAC-1, the cryptic MBP84-104 peptide invoked reprogramming of the cellular energy metabolism that favored enhanced cellular activity, rather than apoptotic cell death. We concluded that the released MBP84-104 peptide, internalized by the cells, contributes to the reprogramming of the energy-generating pathways in multiple cell types.
Investigating the Near-IR Properties of PN: Deep Imaging of Molecular Hydrogen Emission

We present the first results of a deep near-infrared narrowband imaging study of several planetary nebulae. The data were acquired using the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope on Mauna Kea and the “QUIRC” 1024 × 1024 array camera. With these sensitive high spatial resolution imaging data, we are able to explore in detail where H2 is found relative to the ionized region in planetary nebulae at various stages of evolution (See Figure 1, for an example). The objects were selected from previous studies to have evidence for extended emission from H2, and they are at several differing phases of central star evolution. The presence of molecules in the UV-flooded environment of a planetary nebula cannot be explained without highly non-spherical geometries and high densities, or clumping. Although there can be an ambiguity in the excitation mechanism (UV photons or shocks), the location of H2 emission identifies regions of the nebula with sufficient dust shielding and density for the survival of molecular species. The emission morphology also provides information that helps identify which excitation mechanism is most likely. When combined with data provided by other molecular studies, we can examine how the photodissociation region evolves through the circumstellar envelope as the planetary nebula tracks across the top of the HR diagram. We can also consider how morphological evolution of the nebula, through interacting winds and shocks, might provide the conditions necessary for molecular survival.
GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN STATISTICS: PANEL DISCUSSION COMMENTS

Publisher Summary In graduate programs in statistics, there is a need for periodic re-examination of the scope, content, and objectives of every graduate program in statistics. Statisticians should be educated and not trained. This means, in particular, that every student should have a firm grasp of the foundations of probability and statistics. It is industry's responsibility to give on-the-job training to the statistician to satisfy its individual needs. Mathematics is an essential tool in the study of probability and statistics. Every statistics student should have sufficient background in mathematics to be able to digest new material and new techniques. This is especially important as every possible course cannot be taught because of time limitations. There is little time for consulting courses, but every statistics student should have experience in consulting. This could be done in a consulting laboratory attached to the program. Every student should have a background in at least one cognate area.
Public Participation, Trust and Data Sharing: Gardens as Hubs for Citizen Science and Environmental Health Literacy Efforts.

ABSTRACTGardenroots: A Citizen Science Project (2015) is the product of a needs assessment, revealing environmental quality concerns of gardeners living near hazardous waste or resource extraction activities. Participants were trained, collected garden samples for analysis, and later received their data visualized (individual and aggregated) via community events or mail. This article describes participant motivations, changes in knowledge and efficacy, and whether these depend on the mode of data sharing and visualization. Motivations were internal, and self-efficacy increased, while knowledge and satisfaction were higher in event attendees due to increased researcher contact. This reveals importance of data-sharing events, data visualizations, and participatory research processes.
Modeling Sulfur Poisoning of Palladium Membranes Used for Hydrogen Separation

Hydrocarbons are the most important source for hydrogen production. A combined reaction-separation process using inorganic membranes can significantly increase the reaction conversion by shifting the equilibrium toward product formation. Sulfur poisoning is a significant problem as it deactivates the most commonly used metallic membranes. The relationship of the membrane activity and surface coverage with the surface structure has been recognized in the literature. A theoretical model to simulate hydrogen transport in the presence of sulfur compounds is presented. This model accounts for active site deactivation and permanent structural damage to the membrane. Transport and reaction rate parameters used in the model have been estimated from experimental data. Qualitatively, the model represents well the behavior of inorganic membranes, including partial membrane activity regeneration after the sulfur source is removed.
On certain zeta integral: Transformation formula

Abstract We introduce an “L-function” L built up from the integral representation of the Barnes' multiple zeta function ζ. Unlike the latter, L is defined on a domain equipped with a non-trivial action of a group G. Although these two functions differ from each other, we can use L to study ζ. In fact, the transformation formula for L under G-transformations provides us with a new perspective on the special values of both ζ and its s-derivative. In particular, we obtain Kronecker limit formulas for ζ when restricted to points fixed by elements of G. As an illustration of this principle, we evaluate certain generalized Lambert series at roots of unity, establishing pertinent algebraicity results. Also, we express the Barnes' multiple gamma function at roots of unity as a certain infinite product. It should be mentioned that this work also considers twisted versions of ζ.
The effect of maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet on offspring oocytes and early embryo development.

Observational human data and several lines of animal experimental data indicate that maternal obesity impairs offspring health. Here, we comprehensively tested the model that maternal obesity causes defects in the next three generations of oocytes and embryos. We exposed female F0 mice to a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet for 6 weeks before conception until weaning. Sires, F1 offspring and all subsequent generations were fed control chow diet. Oocytes from F1, F2 and F3 offspring of obese mothers had lower mitochondrial mass and less ATP and citrate than oocytes from offspring of control mothers. F0 blastocysts from HF/HS-exposed mice, but not F1 and F2 blastocysts, had lower mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, less citrate and ATP and smaller total cell number than F0 blastocysts from control mothers. Finally, supplementation of IVF media with the anti-oxidant mito-esculetin partially prevented the oocyte mitochondrial effects caused by maternal HF/HS diet. Our results support the idea that maternal obesity impairs offspring oocyte quality and suggest that antioxidant supplementation should be tested as a means to improve IVF outcomes for obese women.
The expression and significance of Smad4 and Smad7 in newborn rats with hyperoxia-induced chronic lung diseases

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Smad4 and Smad7 in newborn rats with hyperoxia-induced chronic lung disease(CLD).Methods Sixty-four newborn Wistar rats 12 h after birth were divided into high-oxygen group (n =32) and air group (n =32,control group) by random number table method.The high-oxygen group was placed in the oxygen glass tank with continuous infusion of oxygen.And 1,3,7,14 d after experiment,tracheal separated,the chest opened to expose heart and lung,slices were Masson staining,undergo dynamic observation of the pulmonary pathological changes under light microscope.Lung fibrosis score was carried out to determine the degree of pulmonary fibrosis,and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect Smad4 and Smad7 protein expression in lung tissue.The expression levels of Smad4 and Smad7 protein in lung tissue were detected with Western blot.Results Compared with the air group,there was statistically significant difference in pulmonary fibrosis score on day 7 (2.67 ± 0.21 vs 0.58 ± 0.17) and day 14 (4.48 ± 0.24 vs 0.63 ± 0.13) in high-oxygen group (P ＜ 0.05) ; Smad4 and Smad7 was main in visible lung epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts.Smad4 expression in the high-oxygen group gradually enhanced,compared with the air group (P ＜ 0.05) on day 7 (122.35 ± 10.3 vs 140.08 ±7.77) and day 14(129.7 ± 7.33 vs 144.99 ± 6.49).Smad7 expression in the high-oxygen group first increased and then decreased,expression in the high-oxygen group increased on day 7 (122.35 ± 10.29 vs 130.56 ±9.8),and compared decreased with the air group(P ＜0.05) on day 14(132.16 ±4.38 vs 126.22 ±6.49).Conclusion The newborn rat exposed hyperoxia,the up-regulation of Smad4 protein expression and the down-regulation of Smad7 protein expression are imposible closely related to the happen and development of CLD pulmonary fibrosis. Key words: Smad4 protein; Smad7 protein; Pulmonary fibrosis; Hyperoxia; Rat, newborn
Strategies to Grow and Expand a Nonprofit Business

Nonprofit organizations make significant contributions to individuals, organizations, communities, the environment, and societies, but many do not survive in the long run. This study is important to business leaders in for-profit and nonprofit organizations who want to implement strategies for the long-term survival of their business, improve business performance, and effect positive social change. Grounded in Penrose’s theory of growth, the purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore strategies leaders used to grow and expand a nonprofit business in the midwestern region of the United States. The participants comprised 5 nonprofit leaders with recorded success at growing and expanding their business. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and document reviews involving the governance system, programs, strategies, operations, partners, and budget. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four themes emerged: strategic planning cycle, effective fundraising planning and strategy, resource and financial assessment, and team development and positive working conditions. A key recommendation includes that nonprofit leaders seeking growth and expansion engage in effective strategic planning. The implications for positive social change include the potential for leaders of nonprofit organizations to provide growth and expansion strategies to increase their organizations' capacity for positively transforming communities by maintaining or improving available opportunities and services.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Therapeutics and Management

Over the past decade, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, has undergone significant transformation in risk stratification and treatment options available to patients. Frontline management now allows for several approaches to optimize patient responses in both younger and elderly patients. In addition to standard chemotherapy options, targeted therapies improve patient outcomes in relapsed and refractory disease. In this paper we examine the landscape of current treatment modalities for patients with MCL.
Mineralogical and surface charge characteristics of Andosols experiencing long-term, land-use change in West Java, Indonesia

Extensive areas of Andosols in tropical Indonesia have been subjected to long-term (>100 years) alterations from native forest to agricultural land use. This study assessed the mineralogical and su...
Latinx Boys and Juvenile Delinquency

This study examines Latinx boys in the juvenile justice system and addresses acculturation theory to assess whether or not adjudicated foreign-born Latinx boys are more delinquent than others befor...
Maintaining access to a large-scale test of academic language proficiency during the pandemic: The launch of TOEFL iBT Home Edition

The TOEFL iBT test was introduced in 2005 to better reflect the language demands of real-life academic tasks than did previous versions of the test. The task-based design of the test was intended t...
Multiple metabolic signals including AMPK and PKA regulate glucose-stimulated double strand break resection in yeast

Abstract DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic lesions repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), with 5’ strand resection being the committed step in transition from NHEJ to HR. We previously discovered that gal1 yeast, which cannot metabolize galactose, were unable to perform efficient 5’ resection even though DSBs were formed. Adding glucose or restoring GAL1 restored resection, suggesting that carbon source metabolism signals to DSB repair. Here we demonstrate that any fermentable carbon source, including raffinose, can stimulate resection and that the stimulatory effect of glucose was associated with decreased, not increased, cellular ATP. The effect was cell cycle dependent and did not occur in G1, while glucose augmented the G2/M checkpoint arrest even in cells deficient in resection. AMP-activated protein kinase pathway mutants showed only low basal resection despite glucose addition but had normal checkpoint arrest, indicating a primary role for Snf1 specifically in glucose-stimulated resection. The metabolic inputs to resection were multifactorial, however, with loss of the transcriptional repressor Mig1 leading to increased basal resection, three distinct patterns of deficiency with loss of the protein kinase A catalytic subunits, Tpk1, Tpk2 andTpk3, and a resection delay in yeast lacking the lysine demethylase Rph1 that helped separate early and late phase responses to glucose. These results reveal multiple interrelated metabolic signals that optimize DSB resection efficiency while independently amplifying the G2/M checkpoint response.
Mass specific performance of potassium tetrabromoaurate as a carbon nanotube dopant

Abstract Improvements in carbon based conductors can impact the development of a variety of new electronic and optoelectronic devices, and may offer significant weight savings (over copper), important in mass sensitive applications such as aircraft design. Published experimental work indicates that chemical doping offers the most likely route to high specific conductivity carbon-based wiring. Interpretation of the test data on potassium tetrabromoaurate, the most successful carbon nanotube dopant tested to date, is complicated by the possibility that the nominal dopant molecule and the ‘in situ’ configuration of the dopant species may differ, due to disassociation, ionization, or other chemical effects. Ab initio modeling of KAuBr4 doping, in both molecular and disassociated forms, allows for the theoretical isolation of molecular, molecular fragment, and atomic dopant effects on metallic and semiconducting tubes, as a function of dopant concentration. The modeling results suggest that the dopant is most effective in a disassociated form, but that KAuBr4 doping is not likely to produce high specific conductivity CNT wiring.
Development and Implementation of a Multicomponent Protocol to Promote Sleep and Reduce Delirium in a Medical Intensive Care Unit

Background:Evidence suggests that poor sleep increases risk of delirium. Because delirium is associated with poor outcomes, institutions have developed protocols to improve sleep in critically ill ...
CytokineLink: A Cytokine Communication Map to Analyse Immune Responses-Case Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19.

Intercellular communication mediated by cytokines is critical to the development of immune responses, particularly in the context of infectious and inflammatory diseases. By releasing these small molecular weight peptides, the source cells can influence numerous intracellular processes in the target cells, including the secretion of other cytokines downstream. However, there are no readily available bioinformatic resources that can model cytokine–cytokine interactions. In this effort, we built a communication map between major tissues and blood cells that reveals how cytokine-mediated intercellular networks form during homeostatic conditions. We collated the most prevalent cytokines from the literature and assigned the proteins and their corresponding receptors to source tissue and blood cell types based on enriched consensus RNA-Seq data from the Human Protein Atlas database. To assign more confidence to the interactions, we integrated the literature information on cell–cytokine interactions from two systems of immunology databases, immuneXpresso and ImmunoGlobe. From the collated information, we defined two metanetworks: a cell–cell communication network connected by cytokines; and a cytokine–cytokine interaction network depicting the potential ways in which cytokines can affect the activity of each other. Using expression data from disease states, we then applied this resource to reveal perturbations in cytokine-mediated intercellular signalling in inflammatory and infectious diseases (ulcerative colitis and COVID-19, respectively). For ulcerative colitis, with CytokineLink, we demonstrated a significant rewiring of cytokine-mediated intercellular communication between non-inflamed and inflamed colonic tissues. For COVID-19, we were able to identify cell types and cytokine interactions following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting important cytokine interactions that might contribute to severe illness in a subgroup of patients. Such findings have the potential to inform the development of novel, cytokine-targeted therapeutic strategies. CytokineLink is freely available for the scientific community through the NDEx platform and the project github repository.
Winding Down the Workday: Zoning the Evening Hours in Paris, Oslo, and San Francisco

This article explores the subtle yet far-reaching ways that cultural environments shape the uses of the evening hours among business professionals in three countries. Drawing on interviews with professional men and women living and working in Paris, Oslo, and San Francisco from a spectrum of professional fields and employers, the article explores their evening routines. Three contrasting patterns are identified. Where the early evening hours between 17:00 and 21:00 are concerned, French, Norwegian, and American professionals traverse different cultural terrains. The French professionals and their employers treat this temporal zone as a status-conferring period. Adhering to a transorganizational cultural convention defining the early evening as work time, they use these hours to distinguish themselves as committed practioners of their metier equipped with status and authority. In Norway, comparable professionals approach this period as nonwork time off limits to their employer. Early departures from the office are encouraged and facilitated in the Norwegian workplace. Among the American professionals far less uniformity prevails among the evening routines of respondents working in different organizations and occupations. This variability is explained by the absence of the higher-level temporal conventions present in the two European contexts. In the American setting two deciding factors come into play: the temporal expectations of the professional’s employer and the bargaining power wielded by the individual professional vis-a-vis this employer. These differences between the evening routines of the three groups reflect important cultural differences across countries with broadly similar postindustrial landscapes.
Practical Software Diversification Using In-Place Code Randomization

The wide adoption of non-executable page protections has given rise to attacks that employ return-oriented programming (ROP) to achieve arbitrary code execution without the injection of any code. Existing defenses against ROP exploits either require source code or symbolic debugging information, or impose a significant runtime overhead, which limits their applicability for the protection of third-party applications. Aiming for a practical mitication against ROP attacks, we introduce in-place code randomization, a software diversification technique that can be applied directly on third-party software. Our method uses various narrow-scope code transformations that can be applied statically, without changing the location of basic blocks, allowing the safe randomization of stripped binaries even with partial disassembly coverage. We demonstrate how in-place code randomization can prevent the exploitation of vulnerable Windows 7 applications, including Adobe Reader, as well as the automated construction of reliable ROP payloads.
STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Moose (Alces alces) populations have recolonized much of their historic range in the northeastern United States in the past 30 years, with their southern range edge extending to southern New England and northern New York. This southerly expansion occurred when certain other populations in the United States were in decline along the southern range edge, with climate change often cited as a probable cause. The areas that moose have recently occupied in the northeastern United States are some of the most densely human populated in moose range, which has raised concern about human safety and moose-vehicle collisions (MVC). We conducted a literature search about moose in the northeastern United States, and distributed a questionnaire and conducted phone interviews with regional biolo- gists responsible for moose management to determine the status of moose, management activity, and research deficiencies and needs. Moose numbers appear stable throughout much of the region, with slow population growth in northern New York. Management activity ranges from regulated harvest of moose in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, to no active management in southern New England and New York. The combined annual harvest in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont is >3,000. MVCs are a widespread regional concern with >1,000 occurring annually involving several human fatalities. Research should address impacts of parasitism by winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) and brain-worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) on productivity and mortality of moose, influence of climate change on population dynamics and range, and conflicts in areas with high human population density .
Archetype-Driven Character Dialogue Generation for Interactive Narrative

Recent years have seen a growing interest in creating virtual agents to populate the cast of characters for interactive narrative. A key challenge posed by interactive characters for narrative environments is devising expressive dialogue generators. To be effective, character dialogue generators must be able to simultaneously take into account multiple sources of information that bear on dialogue, including character attributes, plot development, and communicative goals. Building on the narrative theory of character archetypes, we propose an archetype-driven character dialogue generator that uses a probabilistic unification framework to generate dialogue motivated by character personality and narrative history to achieve communicative goals. The generator's behavior is illustrated with character dialogue generation in a narrative-centered learning environment, Crystal Island .
DIOS++: A Framework for Rule-Based Autonomic Management of Distributed Scientific Applications

This paper presents the design, prototype implementation and experimental evaluation of DIOS++, an infrastructure for enabling rule based autonomic adaptation and control of distributed scientific applications. DIOS++ provides: (1) abstractions for enhancing existing application objects with sensors and actuators for runtime interrogation and control, (2) a control network that connects and manages the distributed sensors and actuators, and enables external discovery, interrogation, monitoring and manipulation of these objects at runtime, and (3) a distributed rule engine that enables the runtime definition, deployment and execution of rules for autonomic application management. The framework is currently being used to enable autonomic monitoring and control of a wide range of scientific applications including oil reservoir, compressible turbulence and numerical relativity simulations.
Analysis of transcription complexes and effects of ligands by microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The human vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα) modulate gene activity by forming homodimeric or heterodimeric complexes with specific DNA sequences and interaction with other elements of the transcriptional apparatus in the presence of their known endogenous ligands 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-[OH]2D3) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-c-RA). We used rapid buffer exchange gel filtration in conjunction with microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (μESI-MS) to study the binding of these receptors to the osteopontin vitamin D response element (OP VDRE). In the absence of DNA, both VDR and RXRα existed primarily as monomers, but in the presence of OP VDRE, homodimeric RXRα and heterodimeric RXRα–VDR complexes were shown to bind OP VDRE. Addition of 9-c-RA increased RXRα homodimer–OP VDRE complexes, and addition of 1,25-(OH) 2D3 resulted in formation of 1,25-(OH)2D 3–VDR–RXRα–OP VDRE complexes. Addition of low-affinity binding ligands had no detectable effect on the VDR–RXRα–OP VDRE transcription complex. These results demonstrate the utility of μESI-MS in analyzing multimeric, high-molecular-weight protein–protein and protein–DNA complexes, and the effects of ligands on these transcriptional complexes.
Real‐Time Simulation of Time‐Varying Harmonics

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Description of the RT-HIL platform Sample case: testing the sensitivity of a thyristor firing board to poor quality power Conclusions and future work References ]]>
Channel estimation for D-BLAST OFDM systems

The Diagonal Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (D-BLAST) structure offers a low complexity solution to realize the attractive capacity of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We apply D-BLAST in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems and address the issue of channel estimation. Different from other MIMO-OFDM, where symbols at all tones are always available for decision-directed channel estimation, in D-BLAST OFDM, we update estimated channel parameters each time a layer is detected with a least square (LS) approach, using a pieced combination of received signals at previous and current OFDM blocks. The initial estimate is further refined by a robust estimator to exploit the time correlation of channel parameters among OFDM blocks. Computer simulation results show the performance improvement over block-wise channel estimation. It is also shown that D-BLAST with proposed channel estimation is robust to fast fading of channel parameters.
Efficient Modeling of Memory Arrays in Symbolic Ternary Simulation

This paper enables symbolic ternary simulation of systems with large embedded memories. Each memory array is replaced with a behavioral model, where the number of symbolic variables used to characterize the initial state of the memory is proportional to the number of distinct symbolic memory locations accessed. The behavioral model provides a conservative approximation of the replaced memory array, while allowing the address and control inputs of the memory to accept symbolic ternary values. Memory state is represented by a list of entries encoding the sequence of updates of symbolic addresses with symbolic data. The list interacts with the rest of the circuit by means of a software interface developed as part of the symbolic simulation engine. This memory model was incorporated into our verification tool based on Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation. Experimental results show that the new model significantly outperforms the transistor level memory model when verifying a simple pipelined data path.
ATTENTION BIAS OF ANXIOUS YOUTH DURING EXTENDED EXPOSURE OF EMOTIONAL FACE PAIRS: AN EYE-TRACKING STUDY

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrate that anxiety is characterized by biased attention toward threats, typically measured by differences in motor reaction time to threat and neutral cues. Using eye-tracking methodology, the current study measured attention biases in anxious and nonanxious youth, using unrestricted free viewing of angry, happy, and neutral faces. METHODS: Eighteen anxious and 15 nonanxious youth (8-17 years old) passively viewed angry-neutral and happy-neutral face pairs for 10 s while their eye movements were recorded. RESULTS: Anxious youth displayed a greater attention bias toward angry faces than nonanxious youth, and this bias occurred in the earliest phases of stimulus presentation. Specifically, anxious youth were more likely to direct their first fixation to angry faces, and they made faster fixations to angry than neutral faces. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with findings from earlier, reaction-time studies, the current study shows that anxious youth, like anxious adults, exhibit biased orienting to threat-related stimuli. This study adds to the existing literature by documenting that threat biases in eye-tracking patterns are manifest at initial attention orienting. Language: en
Iron Uptake Is Enhanced in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers by Cysteine and Reduced Cysteinyl Glycine

Human and animal studies have shown that amino acids and peptides influence iron absorption from the intestinal lumen. This study was conducted using Caco-2 cell monolayers as the experimental model to determine whether similar effects on iron absorption occur. Conditions were chosen to mimic the pH of the intestinal lumen and the most likely order whereby ferric and ferrous forms of iron would combine with various amino acids and dipeptides resulting from protein digestion. We demonstrated the enhancing effect of cysteine and reduced cysteinyl glycine on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. The addition of glutathione to the transport media had no effect on uptake from ferrous or ferric iron complexes, nor did it affect iron solubility. Cysteine and reduced cysteinyl glycine increased iron solubility when added to a solution containing insoluble iron. This effect is different from that of ascorbate, which must be combined with soluble ferric iron at pH 2 to reduce and solubilize iron. Taken together, these observations are evidence that cysteine and reduced N-terminal cysteine peptides are capable of enhancing iron uptake from soluble and insoluble ferric iron. These results qualitatively reflect those observed in human studies. Our results indicate that glutathione requires digestion to Cys or Cys-Gly in order to promote iron uptake. The similarity between this study and human studies further reinforces that the Caco-2 cell model is a useful tool in studies of iron absorption and bioavailability.
Asymptotic properties of adaptive nonlinear stabilizers

A classical question in adaptive control is that of convergence of the parameter estimates to constant values in the absence of persistent excitation. We provide an affirmative answer for a class of adaptive stabilizers for nonlinear systems. Then we study their asymptotic behavior by considering the problem of whether the parameter estimates converge to values which would guarantee stabilization if used in a nonadaptive controller. We approach this problem by studying invariant manifolds and show that, except for a set of initial conditions of Lebesgue measure zero, the parameter estimates do converge to stabilizing values. Finally, we determine a (sufficiently large) time instant after which the adaptation can be disconnected at any time without destroying the closed-loop system stability.