cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Application of Piecewise Approximations to Reliability and Statistical Design

If a random variable can be expressed as a weighted sum of other random variables having known distributions which can be approximated piecewise by, for example, polynomials, the distribution of the random variable can be obtained, relatively easily, by the use of the algorithm described in this paper.
Playing it safe.

It is important that children be included as participants in research. There are several reasons why this is the case. First, there are diseases that afflict children that do not pose a problem for...
Is δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Rate Limiting in Heme Biosynthesis Following Exposure of Cells to δ-Aminolevulinic Acid?¶

Understanding the regulation and control of heme/porphyrin biosynthesis is critical for the optimization of the delta-aminolevulinic-acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy of cancer, in which endogenously produced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is the photosensitizer. The human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line R3230AC, the mouse mammary tumor cell line EMT-6 and the human mesothelioma cell line H-MESO-1 were used to study ALA-induced PPIX levels and their relationship to delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity in vitro. Incubation of these cell lines with 0.5 mM ALA for 3 h resulted in a significant increase in PPIX accumulation, compared with control cells, but there was no significant change in ALA-D activity. Exposure of cells incubated with ALA to 30 mJ/cm2 of fluorescent light, a dose that would cause a 50% reduction in cell proliferation, did not significantly alter the activity of ALA-D. Increasing the activity of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the enzyme immediately subsequent to ALA-D, by four- to seven-fold via transfection of cells with PBGD complementary DNA did not alter the activity of ALA-D. However, incubation of cells with various concentrations of succinyl acetone, a potent inhibitor of ALA-D, caused a concomitant decline in both PPIX accumulation and ALA-D activity. These data imply that when cells are exposed to exogenous ALA, ALA-D is an important early-control step in heme/porphyrin biosynthesis and that regulation of PPIX synthesis by this dehydratase may impact the effectiveness of ALA-mediated photosensitization.
Overview of Resorbable Biomaterials

Importance of textile based resorbable biomaterials is discussed in this chapter. Requisites for an ideal biomaterial are also given.
Monetary Policy Targeting in Central Europe's Transition Economics: The Case for Direct Inflation Targeting

Monetary policies of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have undergone a significant transformation in the 1990s. The initial currency peg and the exchange-rate-based monetary policy have been gradually replaced by more flexible exchange rates and money-based policies. Preparations for accession to the European Union and, later, to the European Monetary Union, call for further policy advancements including effective measures for lowering inflation, for reducing volatility of interest rates and market exchange rates, and for stabilizing domestic financial markets. Monetary authorities need to gain credibility for their policies, which should become more transparent, forward-looking and predictable. This paper argues that direct inflation targeting will be a desirable monetary policy approach for accomplishing these objectives. At the initial stage of monetary policy adjustments, a stricter form of inflation targeting is proposed in order to strengthen central banks policy discipline and commitment to disinflation. When price indexes reach a more sustainable level, flexible inflation targeting is advised. After the candidates join the EU and begin preparations for accession to the EMU, direct inflation targeting will have to be gradually phased-out and replaced by the euro-peg.
Anatomic VisualizeR: Teaching and Learning Anatomy with Virtual Reality

The University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine's Learning Resources Center (LRC) has been actively engaged in the development and implementation of a virtual reality (VR) based application for education and training. The resultant product, VisualizeR , is a virtual environment (VE) designed to support the teaching and learning of any subject that requires an understanding of three-dimensional (3-D) structures and complex spatial relationships. VisualizeR 's multimodal application interface approach, named virtual reality-multimedia synthesis (VR-MMS), enables interaction with 3-D models and concurrent access to multimedia resources, including text, images, animations, video, and sound. Moreover, the flexible and extensible VisualizeR architecture accommodates the needs of a wide variety of different teaching approaches and provides the capability for dynamic and unstructured student exploration. The scientific domain selected for UCSD's first VisualizeR lessons was human anatomy, because it represented one context in which a VR-MMS-based strategy was both achievable and apropos. While still considered the gold standard against which alternatives are judged, current educational methods?-? a combination of lectures and laboratory dissections?-? fall short of instilling the requisite 3-D conceptualization, retention, and application of anatomic knowledge to clinical-problem solving. These pedagogical challenges are further complicated by shortened anatomy curricula owing to competition from other courses; the desirability of less dependence on human cadavers because of scarcity, costs, aesthetics, and environmental concerns; and reductions in hours and resources (including faculty) available for wet laboratory coursework. At the same time, many curricula are including greater amounts of anat omic information, including conceptually challenging 3-D relationships, a need that could be well met by VR-based anatomy resources.
Environmental Scanning, Environmental Uncertainty, and the Capabilities of the Firm: A Proposed Framework

Marketing research identifies the significant role that the external environment plays in the formulation and implementation of marketing strategies (Achrol and Stern 1988; McKee, Varadarajan, and Pride 1989). However, the impact that environmental scanning can have in the strategic decision-making process has been largely ignored in marketing research. In an effort to overcome this limitation, a framework is proposed which identifies the environmental scanning characteristics of the firm based on two environmental dimensions; (1) environmental uncertainty, and (2) the capabilities of the firm to implement an adaptive strategy.
Inverse relation between evoked cortical association responses and behavioral orienting to repeated auditory stimuli

It is hypothesized that amplitudes of evoked cortical association responses will be inversely related to degree of “attention”, the latter being operationally defined as the extent of behavioral orienting to a stimulus. Cats with implanted cortical recording electrodes were given series of clicks through either of two oppositely placed speakers. The degree and accuracy of the orienting response was rated, and evoked cortical association response simultaneously recorded, for each click. As predicted, the degree of the orienting response decreased significantly over trials, while the amplitude of the evoked association response exhibited a concomitant increase over trials.
Abstract 3086: Gain of chromosome 13 is a cause of CDK8 overexpression associated with colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression

Introduction: Colorectal adenomas are common precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). About only 5% of adenomas progress to cancer and this progression is mostly associated with overall onset/increase of chromosomal instability. Gain of 13q is often implicated in this progression of adenoma to carcinoma (1). Until recently however no genes were identified to be the drivers of this amplicon. Recently, Firestein and collaborators (2) showed that cyclin 8 (CDK8), at 13q12.13, functions as an oncogene in CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate CDK8 gene dosage effects in colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression. Material and methods: Sixty seven colorectal tumours (34 adenomas and 28 carcinomas) were analysed by array CGH (5k BAC platform, including contig coverage of 13q) and by expression microarray (30k Compugen library). Integration of DNA copy number dosage and gene expression was performed using the Ace-it tool (3). Results: In the tumours analysed we observed 13q copy number gain in 9% and 46% of adenomas and carcinomas, respectively. Integrating copy number and mRNA expression with the differential upregulation of genes between carcinomas and adenomas, provided us with a list of 43 genes. Within this list, CDK8 ranked 7th in significancy (p=0.003). Conclusions: Copy number gain of 13q has a gene dosage effect on CDK8 mRNA expression, indicating a role of this gene in colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression. (1) Hermsen M, Postma C, Baak J, Weiss M, Rapallo A, Sciutto A, Roemen G, Arends JW, Williams R, Giaretti W, De Goeij A, Meijer G. Colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression follows multiple pathways of chromosomal instability. Gastroenterology 2002 Oct;123(4):1109-19. (2) Firestein R, Bass AJ, Kim SY, Dunn IF, Silver SJ, Guney I, Freed E, Ligon AH, Vena N, Ogino S, Chheda MG, Tamayo P, Finn S, Shrestha Y, Boehm JS, Jain S, Bojarski E, Mermel C, Barretina J, Chan JA, Baselga J, Tabernero J, Root DE, Fuchs CS, Loda M, Shivdasani RA, Meyerson M, Hahn WC. CDK8 is a colorectal cancer oncogene that regulates beta-catenin activity. Nature 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):547-51. (3) van Wieringen WN, Belien JA, Vosse SJ, Achame EM, Ylstra B. ACE-it: a tool for genome-wide integration of gene dosage and RNA expression data. Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug 1;22(15):1919-20. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3086.
THE EFFECTS OF MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIAL TRANSFORMATIONS ON BIOAVAILABILITY, TOXICITY AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSES OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

OF DISSERTATION THE EFFECTS OF MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIAL TRANSFORMATIONS ON BIOAVAILABILITY, TOXICITY AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSES OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS In recent decades, there has been a rapid expansion in the use of manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs). Experimental evidence and material flow models predict that MNPs enter wastewater treatment plants and partition to sewage sludge and majority of that sludge is land applied as biosolids. During wastewater treatment and after land application, MNPs undergo biogeochemical transformations (aging). The primary transformation process for silver MNPs (Ag-MNPs) is sulfidation, while zinc oxide MNPs (ZnO-MNPs) most likely undergo phosphatation and sulfidation. Our overall goal was to assess bioavailability and toxicogenomic impacts of both pristine, defined assynthesized, and aged Agand ZnO-MNPs, as well as their respective ions, to a model organism, the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We first investigated the toxicity of pristine Ag-MNPs, sulfidized Ag-MNPs (sAgMNPs), and AgNO3 to identify the most sensitive ecologically relevant endpoint in C. elegans. We identified reproduction as the most sensitive endpoint for all treatments with sAg-MNPs being about 10-fold less toxic than pristine Ag-MNPs. Using synchrotron xray microspectroscopy we demonstrated that AgNO3 and pristine Ag-MNPs had similar bioavailability while aged sAg-MNPs caused toxicity without being taken up by C. elegans. Comparisons of the genomic impacts of both MNPs revealed that Ag-MNPs and sAg-MNPs have transcriptomic profiles distinct from each other and from AgNO3. The toxicity mechanisms of sAg-MNPs are possibly associated with damaging effects to cuticle. We also investigated the effects pristine zinc oxide MNPs (ZnO-MNPs) and aged ZnOMNPs, including phosphatated (pZnO-MNPs) and sulfidized (sZnO-MNPs), as well as ZnSO4 have on C. elegans using a toxicogenomic approach. Aging of ZnO-MNPs reduced toxicity nearly 10-fold. Toxicity of pristine ZnO-MNPs was similar to the toxicity caused by ZnSO4 but less than 30% of responding genes was shared between these two treatments. This suggests that some of the effects of pristine ZnO-MNPs are also particle-specific. The genomic results showed that based on Gene Ontology and induced biological pathways all MNP treatments shared more similarities than any MNP treatment did with ZnSO4. This dissertation demonstrates that the toxicity of Agand ZnO-MNPs to C. elegans is reduced and operates through different mechanisms after transformation during the wastewater treatment process.
Research on Modeling and Simulation of Optimal Search of Multifunction Phased Array Radar

The agility of the beam and the system parameters offers multifunction phased array radar the ability to simultaneously search in multiple volumes with specified search mode respectively. The search resource is to change with the resources occupied by the missions with higher priority such as tracking. It is necessary to allocate the acquired search resource to the sub-volumes dynamically to optimize the search performance of the system. The evaluation of the search performance of the multifunction phased array was first modeled and the relation of the search load and the search performance as well as the search performance gain was derived. Then for the dynamic change of the search load, the optimization of the allocation of the search resource to multiple sub-volumes was modeled and the model was validated through simulation.
A New Stabilization Conditions for T-S Fuzzy Descriptor System

Fuzzy-model-based(FMB)control approach offered a systematic ways to tackle nonlinear systems.At the same time,For continuous- time T-S fuzzy systems,a certain degree of conservativeness remains because information on the time derivative of membership functions is generated into the fuzzy Lyapunov function(FLF) time-derivative.In this paper,we investigated the problems of stability analysis of continuous- time T-S fuzzy descriptor systems based on the descriptor system approach.New criteria for the asymptotic stability of the T-S fuzzy descriptor systems are established.Moreover,with the usage of the non-PDC control scheme,less conservative stabilizations are attained by both introducing additional variables and applying a kind of relaxed technique.Furthermore,all the conditions we obtained are expressed in the terms of linear matrix inequalities.And numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the less conservatism of the proposed conditions.
Investigation of the therapeutic effect of condylar bone plate and retrograde interlocking intramedullary pins for old patients with femoral supracondylar fracture

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of condylar bone plate and retrograde interlocking intramedullary pins for old patients with femoral supracondylar fracture.Methods 43 aged patients(aged from 65~88) with femoral supracondylar fracture were divided into two groups randomly,with 19 cases treated with condylar bone plate and 24 cases with retrograde interlocking intramedullary pins.They were all followed up for 19 months.And the joint function and nonunion rates of these two groups were compared.Results There was statistical difference in joint function between the two groups(P0.05),because the latter group had obviously better joint function.Statistical difference was also found in the nonunion rates between groups,with the latter having the lower nonunion rate than the other group.Conclusion It is the first choice of treatment for aged patients with femoral supracondylar fracture to use retrograde interlocking intramedullary pins.
Serum calcium, albumin and tumor stage in cutaneous malignant melanoma

Aim: Assess the relationship of serum calcium and serum albumin to tumor stage and other clinical characteristics in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). Patients & methods: A cross-sectional study to evaluate serum calcium as a marker of disease progression (n = 644) in MM. Results: Serum albumin was significantly lower among men (p < 0.01) and among patients with stage 4 disease (p < 0.05). In a multivariable regression model adjusted for age, gender and site, albumin-corrected calcium was positively associated with disease stage (odds ratio: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02–2.07; p = 0.04). The odds of higher stage increased 60% for each 1.0 mg/dl increase in albumin-corrected calcium. Conclusion: Higher albumin-corrected serum calcium may be a marker of disease progression in MM.
Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: A review

Three interrelated world trends may be exacerbating emerging zoonotic risks: income growth, urbanization, and globalization. Income growth is associated with rising animal protein consumption in developing countries, which increases the conversion of wild lands to livestock production, and hence the probability of zoonotic emergence. Urbanization implies the greater concentration and connectedness of people, which increases the speed at which new infections are spread. Globalization—the closer integration of the world economy—has facilitated pathogen spread among countries through the growth of trade and travel. High-risk areas for the emergence and spread of infectious disease are where these three trends intersect with predisposing socioecological conditions including the presence of wild disease reservoirs, agricultural practices that increase contact between wildlife and livestock, and cultural practices that increase contact between humans, wildlife, and livestock. Such an intersection occurs in China, which has been a “cradle” of zoonoses from the Black Death to avian influenza and SARS. Disease management in China is thus critical to the mitigation of global zoonotic risks.
Phase coherence and fragmentation of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in state-dependent optical lattices

A binary mixture of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in the presence of fragmentation-driving external lattice potentials forms two interdependent mean-field lattices made of each component. These effective mean-field lattices, like ordinary optical lattices, can induce additional fragmentation and phase coherence loss of BECs between lattice sites. In this study, we consider the nonequilibrium dynamics of two hyperfine states of one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, subjected to state-dependent optical lattices. Our numerical calculations using the truncated Wigner approximation (TWA) show that phase coherence in a mixture of two-component BECs can be lost not just by optical lattices, but by mean-field lattices gradually formed by other components, and we reveal that such an effect of internal mean-field lattices, however, is limited, contrary to external optical lattices, in regard to phase decoherence.
From Restructuring to Dissolution to Rebuilding? Endowments and Foundations in East Germany

Thomas Adam points out that the East German regime wiped out private enterprise for ideological reason; endowments and foundations continued to exist in the German Democratic Republic. Mostly focused locally on providing social services, endowments and foundations in the GDR were reduced to their core economic function. As such, these endowments did not contribute to the formation of political dissent, but rather may have helped to stabilize the political system.
Myelitis due to Hypertrophic Dens

This is a condition of upper cervical cord compression due to hypertrophied dens, i.e. increased diameter (15 mm or larger). It is usually associated with atlantodental osteoartheritis and may have developmental narrowing of the atlas ring.
Lessons from the genomes and transcriptomes of filarial nematodes

Human filarial infections are a leading cause of morbidity in the developing world. While a small arsenal of drugs exists to treat these infections, there remains a tremendous need for the development of additional interventions. Recent genome sequences and transcriptome analyses of filarial nematodes have provided novel biological insight and allowed for the prediction of novel drug targets as well as potential vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss the currently available data, insights gained into the metabolism of these organisms, and how the filaria field can move forward by leveraging these data.
New Frontiers for Computer Ethics

After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: 1. Understand the value of ethics in automated decision making. 2. Identify and discuss the different forms of automated decision making. 3. Recognize the role ethics plays in artificial environments. 4. Identify and discuss credible safeguards to ensure privacy concerns and prevent run-away computation resulting from autonomous agents. 5. Understand the role of autonomous agents in our daily lives. 6. Recognize and discuss the responsibilities of users of virtual environments.
Atherectomy led to a greater gain in lumen size than did balloon angioplasty but restenosis rates and clinical events did not differ at 6 months in coronary artery disease

Source Citation Topol EJ, Leya F, Pinkerton CA, et al. A comparison of directional atherectomy with coronary angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329:221-7.
Why Bid? The Logic of Pursuing Sports Mega-Events

This chapter presents some of the key shifts that have occurred in the Olympic bidding process. An apparent crisis in the lack of bid cities during recent mega-event competitions has prompted the International Olympic Committee to stress that bid cities should be looking to produce a positive urban legacy and to marry Olympic objectives with urban development goals. Yet, as the IOC attempts to be relevant by inviting cities to partake in legacy planning, there is an emerging concern that bid cities are using the bidding process to leverage urban development objectives that are at best only tangentially related to the bid. This chapter proposes that we have entered a new era of Olympic bidding that has fundamental implications for the “geography of failure.”
Miscellaneous Gems of Algebraic Combinatorics

An evil warden is in charge of 100 prisoners (all with different names). He puts a row of 100 boxes in a room. Inside each box is the name of a different prisoner. The prisoners enter the room one at a time. Each prisoner must open 50 of the boxes, one at a time. If any of the prisoners does not see his or her own name, then they are all killed. The prisoners may have a discussion before the first prisoner enters the room with the boxes, but after that there is no further communication. A prisoner may not leave a message of any kind for another prisoner. In particular, all the boxes are shut once a prisoner leaves the room. If all the prisoners choose 50 boxes at random, then each has a success probability of 1/2, so the probability that they are not killed is 2−100, not such good odds. Is there a strategy that will increase the chances of success? What is the best strategy?
“No Facts Equals Unconvincing”: Fact and Opinion as Conceptual Tools in High School Students’ Written Arguments:

In this study, I present a qualitative analysis of 11 writing portfolios drawn from a yearlong instructional program designed to apprentice students into the practices of argumentative writing typi...
Comments of Academics to Department of Education's RFI Regarding Evaluating Undue Hardship Claims in Adversary Actions Seeking Student Loan Discharge in Bankruptcy Proceedings (Docket No. Ed–2017–Ope–0085)

This is a response to the Department of Education's request for information regarding evaluating undue hardship claims in adversary actions seeking student loan discharge in bankruptcy proceedings. Although by law student loan borrowers may receive a discharge of their student loans when repayment would constitute an “undue hardship,” in practice many borrowers who would qualify for such a discharge in bankruptcy do not receive it. This proposal recommends changes to the Department of Education’s (the “Department”) policies and regulations that govern federal loan guarantors and loan servicers. The proposal would facilitate the appropriate discharge of student loans by establishing ten categories of borrower circumstances under which the Department would agree to the borrower’s discharge of federal student loans. The aim of the proposal is to establish clear, easy-to-verify, dire circumstances that merit the Department’s acquiescence to a student loan discharge and thereby promote the efficient use of taxpayer funds. Taxpayer funds should not be used to challenge a debtor’s discharge of her student loans where undue hardship is clearly present, or where the costs to fight a discharge are disproportionate to the likely recovery.
A Program for the Investigation of the Possible Chronic Hazards of Drugs

A program of research into the possible chronic hazards, particularly carcinogenicity, of medicaments was begun this year in the Division of Oncology of The Chicago Medical School. This program is a collaborative one with the Field Studies Branch of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health and has support for the first year of operation of a contract for * 1 million. It has resulted from the foresight and efforts of Drs. Kenneth Endicott and Paul Kotin. In essence, the program has been divided into two major equal segments. The first segment is devoted to the testing of various drugs in animals: the second to basic research in carcinogenesis. The research segment of the program is designed to assist in better testing of chemicals for carcinogenesis and to gain more insight into mechanisms of action to enable better evaluation of the results to be made.
Estrogen Regulation of T-Cell Function and Its Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment:

Epidemiologic studies demonstrate significant gender-specific differences in immune system function. Males are more prone to infection and malignancies, while females are more vulnerable to autoimm...
Exploring Fiber Skeletons via Joint Representation of Functional Networks and Structural Connectivity

Studying human brain connectome has been an important, yet challenging problem due to the intrinsic complexity of the brain function and structure. Many studies have been done to map the brain connectome, like Human Connectome Project (HCP). However, multi-modality (DTI and fMRI) brain connectome analysis is still under-studied. One challenge is the lack of a framework to efficiently link different modalities together. In this paper, we integrate two research efforts including sparse dictionary learning derived functional networks and structural connectivity into a joint representation of brain connectome. This joint representation then guided the identification of the main skeletons of whole-brain fiber connections, which contributes to a better understanding of brain architecture of structural connectome and its local pathways. We applied our framework on the HCP multimodal DTI/fMRI data and successfully constructed the main skeleton of whole-brain fiber connections. We identified 14 local fiber skeletons that are functionally and structurally consistent across individual brains.
γδ T cells are the predominant T cell type in opossum mammaries during lactation

Milk provides mammalian neonates with nutritional support and passive immunity. This is particularly true in marsupials where young are born highly altricial and lacking many components of a fully functional adaptive immune system. Here we investigated the T cell populations in the mammaries of a lactating marsupial, the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of T cells within the opossum mammaries throughout lactation. Results of quantifying transcript abundance for lymphocyte markers are consistent with γδ T cells being the most common T cell type within lactating mammaries. Numbers of γδ T cells appear to peak early during the first postnatal week, and then decline throughout lactation until weaning. In contrast, numbers of αβ T cells and γμ T cells appear to be low to non-existent in the lactating mammaries. The results support an ancient and conserved role of immune cells in the evolution and function of mammalian mammary tissue.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Proteasome’s Regulatory Particle

Cells need to synthesize and degrade proteins consistently. Maintaining a balanced level of protein in the cell requires a carefully controlled system and significant energy. Degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins into smaller peptide units can be accomplished by the proteasome. The proteasome is composed of two main subunits. The first is the core particle (20S CP), and within this core particle are three types of threonine proteases. The second is the regulatory complex (19S RP), which has a myriad of activities including recognizing proteins marked for degradation and shuttling the protein into the 20S CP to be degraded. Small-molecule inhibitors of the 20S CP have been developed and are exceptional treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). 20S CP inhibitors disrupt the protein balance, leading to cellular stress and eventually to cell death. Unfortunately, the 20S CP inhibitors currently available have dose-limiting off-target effects and resistance can be acquired rapidly. Herein, we discuss small molecules that have been discovered to interact with the 19S RP subunit or with a protein closely associated with 19S RP activity. These molecules still elicit their toxicity by preventing the proteasome from degrading proteins, but do so through different mechanisms of action.
Physiological parallels with perception

Signal detection theory (SDT) lends itself to comparison among perceptual and physiological results in humans and other animals. In physiological recordings, trial-by-trial distributions of single-unit spike counts or of event-related-potentials typically yield non-normal distributions, calling for non-parametric tests. An empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve can compare distributions of physiological measures between pairs of stimulus conditions. The area under the ROC curve is a non-parametric measure of sensitivity, yielding the proportion correct and, thence, the sensitivity index, d’. The d’ cumulated over a succession of the increasing values of a stimulus parameter provides a measure of the growth of response over that parameter range. I will present examples from several ongoing projects including: (1) studies of activation of the central auditory pathway by cochlear implants and by a penetrating auditory nerve electrode, with single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus; (2) comparisons of spatial stream segregation among 2-alternative forced choice in humans, hold-response measures in cats, and cortical single-unit recording in cats; and (3) studies of frequency sensitivity using the auditory change complex and masked onset responses. In general, these techniques derived from SDT yield a satisfying agreement among perceptual measures and their physiological underpinnings.Signal detection theory (SDT) lends itself to comparison among perceptual and physiological results in humans and other animals. In physiological recordings, trial-by-trial distributions of single-unit spike counts or of event-related-potentials typically yield non-normal distributions, calling for non-parametric tests. An empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve can compare distributions of physiological measures between pairs of stimulus conditions. The area under the ROC curve is a non-parametric measure of sensitivity, yielding the proportion correct and, thence, the sensitivity index, d’. The d’ cumulated over a succession of the increasing values of a stimulus parameter provides a measure of the growth of response over that parameter range. I will present examples from several ongoing projects including: (1) studies of activation of the central auditory pathway by cochlear implants and by a penetrating auditory nerve electrode, with single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus;...
N -linked Glycan Release Efficiency: A Quantitative Comparison between NaOCl and PNGase F Release Protocols.

There are several methods, both chemical and enzymatic, to release N-linked glycans for structural characterization. One of the most common enzymatic release methods is the use of peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). A less expensive and quicker alternative has been reported for the release of N-linked glycans chemically using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which hydrolyzes the peptide-glycan bond, yielding the intact glycan with a free reducing terminus. Here, we quantitatively analyzed the efficiency of the NaOCl release protocol compared with the PNGaseF release protocol for small-scale analysis (300 µg) using liquid chromatography–single reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry. We determined that the relative glycan composition of released N-linked glycans from the NaOCl protocol is similar to a typical PNGase F protocol, but the absolute recovery of N-linked glycans is significantly lower with the chemical procedure.
Surgical Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Release of Stroke-Related Equinovarus Contracture of the Foot and Ankle

Abstract Cerebrovascular accident frequently causes spastic equinovarus contracture of the foot and ankle, for which traditional surgical correction involves tendon transfer, osteotomy, and hindfoot fusion, which can be challenging for patients after cerebrovascular accident. We prospectively assessed the efficacy of a minimally invasive, ambulatory approach to correct this complex deformity in 12 consecutive patients. Surgery included Achilles tendon lengthening, lengthening of the posterior tibial tendon, and flexor tenotomy of all 5 digits. The 10-cm visual-analog scale and the Bristol Foot Score were used to assess pain and subjective foot-related quality of life, respectively. The mean patient age was 61.5 ± 5.68 years, and the duration of follow-up was 29.3 ± 18.5 (range 12.2 to 63.3) months. All patients had a preoperative equinovarus foot structure and all had a rectus foot in weightbearing stance at the 1-year postoperative evaluation. Nine (75.0%) patients showed no residual or recurrent deformity, whereas 3 (25.5%) displayed incomplete release of digital contractures; all patients were treated with in-office flexor tenotomy. Preoperative maximum ankle dorsiflexion was ≤90° in 12 (100%) patients and >90° in 9 (75.0%) patients postoperatively. The mean visual-analog scale score decreased in 10 (83.3%) patients, although a statistically significant decrease was not observed (p = .0535). The Bristol Foot Score improved from 55.17 ± 11.10 preoperatively to 36.83 ± 13.26 postoperatively, and this improvement was statistically significant (p = .0022). These outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the minimally invasive, ambulatory surgical approach to spastic equinovarus contracture without identified patient harm.
Matrix Completion for Low-Observability Voltage Estimation

With the rising penetration of distributed energy resources, distribution system control and enabling techniques such as state estimation have become essential to distribution system operation. However, traditional state estimation techniques have difficulty coping with the low-observability conditions often present on the distribution system due to the paucity of sensors and heterogeneity of measurements. To address these limitations, we propose a distribution system state estimation algorithm that employs matrix completion (a tool for estimating missing values in low-rank matrices) augmented with noise-resilient power flow constraints. This method operates under low-observability conditions where standard least-squares-based methods cannot operate, and flexibly incorporates any network quantities measured in the field. We empirically evaluate our method on the IEEE 33- and 123-bus test systems, and find that it provides near-perfect state estimation performance (within 1% mean absolute percent error) across many low-observability data availability regimes.
Extracting Biographical Spatial Timelines: Corpus and Experiments

This article presents a corpus and experiments to extract spatial timelines from biographies. Spatial timelines capture where someone is and is not located, and specify when this spatial information is true. We work with 100 Wikipedia biographies, and consider intersentential ( location, year ) pairs as well as years that are not explicitly stated in the biographies. Experimental results show that a combination of LSTMs outperforms SVM with linguistically motivated features.
Application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in very low birth weight infants after weaning ventilator

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)in very low birth weight infants after weaning ventilator.Methods 33 very low birth weight infants in experimental group accepted NCPAP,29 very low birth weight infants in control group accepted O2 via head box.The two groups were compared by the duration of invasive ventilation,time of oxygen requirement,hospital stay,the weaning success rate and the ineidence lung frequent hemorrhoid.Results The duration of invasive ventilation in experimental group and control group was respectively(127±70.2)h and(156±65.5)h(P＜0.05).The weaning success rate was 84.9%in therapy group versus 68.9%in control group(P＜0.05).there were no increase in time of oxygen requirement,hospital stay and the incidence lung frequent hemorrhoid.Conclusion NCPAP iannediately after weaning ventilator may decrease the duration of invasive ventilation and incresge the weaning success rate. Key words: Very low birth weight; Infant; Nasal cotinuous Positive airway prossure
Significantly Improving Lossy Compression for HPC Datasets with Second-Order Prediction and Parameter Optimization

Today's extreme-scale high-performance computing (HPC) applications are producing volumes of data too large to save or transfer because of limited storage space and I/O bandwidth. Error-bounded lossy compression has been commonly known as one of the best solutions to the big science data issue, because it can significantly reduce the data volume with strictly controlled data distortion based on user requirements. In this work, we develop an adaptive parameter optimization algorithm integrated with a series of optimization strategies for SZ, a state-of-the-art prediction-based compression model. Our contribution is threefold. (1) We exploit effective strategies by using 2nd-order regression and 2nd-order Lorenzo predictors to improve the prediction accuracy significantly for SZ, thus substantially improving the overall compression quality. (2) We design an efficient approach selecting the best-fit parameter setting, by conducting a comprehensive priori compression quality analysis and exploiting an efficient online controlling mechanism. (3) We evaluate the compression quality and performance on a supercomputer with 4,096 cores, as compared with other state-of-the-art error-bounded lossy compressors. Experiments with multiple real-world HPC simulations datasets show that our solution can improve the compression ratio up to 46% compared with the second-best compressor. Moreover, the parallel I/O performance is improved by up to 40% thanks to the significant reduction of data size.
Adanite, a new lead-tellurite-sulfate mineral from the North Star mine, Tintic, Utah, and Tombstone, Arizona, USA

Adanite, Pb₂ (Te⁴⁺O₃)(SO₄), is a new oxidation-zone mineral from the North Star mine, Tintic district, Juab County, Utah, and from Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona, USA. The characterization of the species is based principally on North-Star holotype material. Crystals are beige wedge-shaped blades, up to about 1 mm in length, in cockscomb intergrowths. The mineral is transparent with adamantine luster, white streak, Mohs hardness 2½, brittle tenacity, conchoidal fracture, and no cleavage. The calculated density is 6.385 g/cm³. Adanite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.90(1), β = 2.04(calc), γ = 2.08(calc), 2V(meas) = 54(1)°. The Raman spectrum is consistent with the presence of tellurite and sulfate groups and the absence of OH and H₂O. Electron-microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula Pb_(1.89)Sb³⁺_(0.02)Te⁴⁺_(0.98)S⁶⁺_(1.04)Cl_(0.02)O_(6.98). The mineral is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with a = 7.3830(3), b = 10.7545(5), c = 9.3517(7) A, β = 111.500(8)°, V = 690.86(7) A₃, and Z = 4. The four strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs A(I)(hkl)]: 6.744(47)⁠, 3.454(80)⁠, 3.301(100)⁠, and 3.048(73)⁠. The structure (R₁ = 0.022 for 1906 I > 2σI reflections) contains Te⁴⁺O₃ pyramids that are joined by short (strong) Pb–O bonds to form sheets. Interlayer SO₄ groups link the sheets via long Pb–O and Te–O bonds.
Identification of a degradation signal at the carboxy terminus of SREBP2: A new role for this domain in cholesterol homeostasis.

Lipid homeostasis in animal cells is maintained by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), membrane-bound transcription factors whose proteolytic activation requires the cholesterol-sensing membrane protein Scap. In endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of SREBPs binds to the CTD of Scap. When cholesterol levels are low, Scap escorts SREBPs from the ER to the Golgi, where the actions of two proteases release the amino-terminal domains of SREBPs that travel to the nucleus to up-regulate expression of lipogenic genes. The CTD of SREBP remains bound to Scap but must be eliminated so that Scap can be recycled to bind and transport additional SREBPs. Here, we provide insights into how this occurs by performing a detailed molecular dissection of the CTD of SREBP2, one of three SREBP isoforms expressed in mammals. We identify a degradation signal comprised of seven noncontiguous amino acids encoded in exon 19 that mediates SREBP2’s proteasomal degradation in the absence of Scap. When bound to the CTD of Scap, this signal is masked and SREBP2 is stabilized. Binding to Scap requires an arginine residue in exon 18 of SREBP2. After SREBP2 is cleaved in Golgi, its CTD remains bound to Scap and returns to the ER with Scap where it is eliminated by proteasomal degradation. The Scap-binding motif, but not the degradation signal, is conserved in SREBP1. SREBP1’s stability is determined by a degradation signal in a different region of its CTD. These findings highlight a previously unknown role for the CTD of SREBPs in regulating SREBP activity.
Partial Configuration Spaces as Pullbacks of Diagrams of Configuration Spaces

Partial configuration spaces are a version of ordinary configuration spaces where some points are allowed to coincide. We express these spaces as pullbacks of diagrams of ordinary configuration spaces and provide some examples where the limit coincides with the homotopy limit. We also indicate how one might use calculations in cohomology to show that the limit is the homotopy limit in general.
Estado emocional del personal de salud del “Centro de atención Especializado Familymed” durante la pandemia del Covid- 19

El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar los sentimientos y expectativas que genera el covid-19 en el personal de salud del centro de atencion especializado Familymed; para su desarrollo se aplico el Test Trait Meta Mood el mismo que evalua el meta conocimiento de los estados emocionales mediante 24 items donde el personal puede ser consciente de sus propias emociones y asi como la capacidad de regularlas y el Test de Maslach que mide su nivel de estres, como ese involucra emocionalmente con su trabajo y su realizacion personal, esto se efectuo a traves de una encuesta aplicada a 10 personas en donde los resultados mostraron que el personal conoce sus emociones y sabe como trabajar en ellas ademas que no existe un nivel de estres laboral en su desempeno.
The Influence of Organization Acquisition Experience on Acquisition Performance: A Behavioral Learning Perspective

Drawing on work from behavioral learning theory in psychology, this study examines the influence of organizational acquisition experience. Consistent with this theory, which focuses on both the conditions preceding organization events as well as organizational responses, data from 449 acquisitions show (1) an overall U-shaped relationship between organizational acquisition experience and acquisition performance, and (2) that the more similar firm acquisitions are to their prior targets, the better that they perform. These findings indicated that the application of behavioral learning theory may enhance understanding of organizational experience effects.
A Piercing Diagnosis – Occult Foreign Body as the Cause of Acute Inguinal Pain

Author(s): Bays-Muchmore, Coral; Sims, Deion T.; Gross, Joel A.; Ilgen, Jonathan S. | Abstract: Case Presentation: A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with severe right inguinal pain. Her medical history was non-contributory and there was no known trauma or injury to the region. Amid concern for an incarcerated inguinal hernia, a computed tomography was obtained revealing a linear foreign body (FB) lateral to the femoral vessels. The FB was removed without complication at bedside and found to be a beading needle likely occultly lodged three days prior. Discussion: Occult inguinal FBs are rare but can lead to deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism if in or near vessels. By nature of being occult, an absence of ingestion, insertion, or penetrative history should not preclude consideration of a FB etiology. Computed tomography imaging is crucial in determining the urgency of, and approach to, inguinal foreign body removal.
Belonging and loneliness in cyberspace: impacts of social media on adolescents’ well-being

Objectives: The rapidly shifting landscape of social media technology presents challenges to researchers and clinicians attempting to understand the impact of such technology on individuals’ psycho...
Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Pt or Pd Monolayer on Transition-Metal Single Crystals: A First-Principles Structure Sensitivity Analysis

We present a density functional theory analysis of trends for the electrooxidation of formic acid (FAO) on a single Pt or Pd monolayer supported on the close-packed (111) facet of transition metals...