cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Parallel Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Clustering Program

This paper describes the UIcluster software tool, which partitions Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequences and other genetic sequences into "clusters" based on sequence similarity. Ideally, each cluster will contain sequences that all represent the same gene. If a naive approach such as an NxN comparison (N is the number of sequences input) is taken, the problem is only feasible for very small data sets. UIcluster has been developed over the course of four years to solve this problem efficiently and accurately for large data sets consisting of tens or hundreds of thousands of EST sequences. The latest version of the application has been parallelized using the MPI (message passing interface) standard. Both the computation and memory requirements of the program can be distributed among multiple (possibly distributed) UNIX processes.
The deoxyribonuclease induced after infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T5. I. Characterization of the enzyme as a 5'-exonuclease.

Abstract The major deoxyribonuclease induced by bacteriophage T5, as previously studied (Paul, A. V., and Lehman, I. R., J. Biol. Chem., 241, 3441 (1966)), has been purified 400-fold and has been shown to initiate hydrolysis specifically at the 5'-ends of either single or double stranded DNA. The products of hydrolysis are nucleoside 5'-monophosphates and acid-soluble 5'-phosphoryl-terminated oligonucleotides of varying lengths. The average length of the oligonucleotides is 3 residues. The purified exonuclease preparation is free from significant levels of endonuclease activity as measured on circular DNA substrates. The oligonucleotide products can therefore not be accounted for by endonucleolytic hydrolysis. The purified enzyme, in contrast to exonucleases like Escherichia coli exonuclease III, can degrade ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.
Formation of ice layers by infiltration and refreezing of meltwater

Melt-layer frequency and magnitude in polar and sub-polar ice cores have been interpreted as measures of past summer temperature, and calibrations have been proposed relating frequency of occurrence of ice layers in ice cores to past summer temperatures. But, observations in the percolation facies in Greenland and an analysis of the combined processes of meltwater infiltration and refreezing of water in snow indicate that, in addition to unusually high rates of meltwater input, formation of ice layers will also be facilitated by unusually cold initial conditions or early onset of melt. Uniform warming of both summer and winter conditions has the opposite effect and suppresses ice-layer formation in favor of uniform wetting and refreezing of the snowpack. Numerical modeling of infiltration and refreezing at a stratigraphic fine-to-coarse transition allows quantification of the effects of significant parameters (initial temperature, grain-size and density contrast across the stratigraphic transition, water-input rate and minimum impermeable-layer thickness). Calculations are made to distinguish threshold values of parameters at which infiltration progresses faster than refreezing, resulting in a break-through of water across the stratigraphic transition, from values leading to the formation of an ice layer when refreezing progresses faster than infiltration.
Cenozoic Reconstructions of the Australia-New Zealand-South Pacific Sector of Antarctica

Reconstructions are presented documenting the relative motion of the Australia. Antarctic and Pacific plates since Chron 27 (61.1 Ma). In addition to the motion of the major plates, the reconstructions show the relative motion between East and West Antarctica and the continental fragments that make up the South Tasman Rise. Recent observations that are used in making these reconstructions include the mapping of seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies in the Adare basin, northeast of Cape Adare, which recorded roughly 150 km of opening between East and West Antarctica between Chrons 20 (43.8 Ma) and 8 (26.6 Ma). In addition, magnetic and bathymetric observations from the lselin Rift, northeast of the Iselin Bank, and from the Emerald Fracture Zone, along the western boundary of Pacific-Antarctic spreading, document the rotation of the Iselin Bank between Chrons 27 and 24 (53.3 Ma). Our reconstructions indicate that there was a total of about 200 km of separation between East and West Antarctica in the northern Ross Sea region in the Cenozoic. These reconstructions document the development of a deep-water passageway between Australia and Antarctica as the South Tasman Rise clears the final piece of the Antarctic continental margin around Chron 13 (33.5 Ma).
Implications of Lawn Care and Landscape Maintenance Firm Profiles for Adoption of Pest-Management Practices

Firm characteristics and managers' attitudes and opinions about pesticide safety were used to classify lawn care and landscape management firms into four categories and compare them using the logit procedure. Survey data obtained from 223 firms was used in the empirical investigation of the adoption of the IPM techniques. Results showed the need for continued transfer of new technology to independently owned firms, multidisciplinary assessment of IPM methods before their transfer to ascertain the economic viability of proposed methods, public investment in programs training workers in knowledge-based pesticide applications, possible assistance in obtaining capital, and investment in consumer education.
Adaptation to Acute and Regular Exercise: From Reductionist Approaches to Integrative Biology

This chapter serves as an introduction to the volume focused on the molecular and cellular regulation of adaptation to acute and chronic exercise exposure. It begins with a definition of the overall content of the "sedens-physical activity-exercise training-fitness" domain. One conclusion from this brief overview is that past and current studies have primarily dealt with very limited subsets of the traits and parameters of interest to exercise biologists. Molecular and cellular studies have focused more on adaptation to exercise and less on variable levels of cardiorespiratory fitness even though the latter is a powerful indicator of current and future health status and longevity. In this regard, molecular profiling of intrinsic versus acquired cardiorespiratory fitness would seem to be an area of research deserving more attention. Although molecular and cellular studies are clearly reductionist by nature, they constitute the primary material allowing systems biology to draw inferences about pathways, networks, and systems. Integrative physiology can be substantially enriched by taking advantage of the findings and lessons from molecular studies and systems biology approaches. DNA sequence variation within and between populations as well as recent advances in the definition of the functional elements in the human and other genomes offer unique opportunities to pursue new and more powerful molecular studies, and to reconcile reductionist and integrative approaches.
Environmental Determination of Neurotransmitter Functions in Developing Sympathetic Neurons

One area of neuronal development which is particularly interesting is the interaction between cells and their environment as they migrate and differentiate. One of the techniques that has proven useful in studies of such interactions is cell culture, because of the opportunity to control both the fluid and cellular environments surrounding developing neurons. It is the ability to grow dissociated neurons in culture, either in the virtual absence of other cell types, or in the presence of any of a variety of known types of non-neuronal cells that enables to control the type of transmitter produced and the type of synapse formed by developing sympathetic neurons in culture. When sympathetic neurons are cocultured with appropriate non-neuronal cells, they develop striking cholinergic properties: they synthesize and store large amounts of acetylcholine (ACh) and use it at functional cholinergic synapses with a number of targets. Furthermore, this cholinergic induction caused by non-neuronal cells can be mediated by a diffusible factor. Neurons grown in culture medium that has been conditioned by incubation on cultures of appropriate non-neuronal cells (CM) also causes dramatic increases in (i) choline acetyltransferase activity (CAT) as measured in neuronal extracts, (ii) ACh synthesis and accumulation from [^3H] choline by living cells, and (iii) cholinergic synapse formation between the neurons. Thus the presence of certain non-neuronal cells, or a medium conditioned by them, has a profound effect on the type of transmitter chosen by the sympathetic neurons.
Human genetics after the bomb : archives, clinics, proving grounds and board rooms

In this paper I track the history of post-1945 human genetics and genomics emphasizing the importance of ideas about risk to the scientific study and medical management of human heredity. Drawing on my own scholarship as it is refracted through important new work by other scholars both junior and senior, I explore how radiation risk and then later disease risk mattered to the development of genetics and genomics, particularly in the United States. In this context I excavate one of the central ironies of post-war human genetics: while studies of DNA as the origin and cause of diseases have been lavishly supported by public institutions and private investment around the world, the day-to-day labor of intensive clinical innovation has played a far more important role in the actual human experience of genetic disease and genetic risk for affected families. This has implications for the archival record, where clinical interactions are less readily accessible to historians. This paper then suggests that modern genomics grew out of radiation risk; that it was and remains a risk assessment science; that it is temporally embedded as a form of both prediction and historical reconstruction; and that it has become a big business focused more on risk and prediction (which can be readily marketed) than on effective clinical intervention.
Remyelination and Multiple Sclerosis: Therapeutic Approaches and Challenges

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. After acute inflammatory mediated demyelination, some remyelination often occurs, but in chronic demyelinated MS plaques, remyelination frequently fails. Chronically demyelinated axons cause a variety of symptoms and probably are more likely to degenerate, leading to irreversible clinical disability. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) present in the adult brain can proliferate and differentiate to remyelinate lesions. Failure of remyelination in the majority of MS patients is secondary to arrest in OPC differentiation. Many therapies have been developed to modulate the immune response in MS, but no neuroprotective or remyelinating therapies are available. Promoting remyelination is a promising avenue for protecting axons, reversing neurologic disability and preventing progressive disease in MS. This review will begin with an overview of remyelination and remyelination failure, consequences of demyelination, and available animal disease models. In addition, preclinical and clinical studies on the most promising potential therapies for inducing remyelination will be described.
Comparing complexity classes

Complexity classes defined by time-bounded and space-bounded Turing acceptors are studied in order to learn more about the cost of deterministic simulation of nondeterministic processes and about time-space tradeoffs. Here complexity classes are compared by means of reducibilities and class-complete sets. The classes studied are defined by bounds of the order n, n^k, 2^n, 2^n^^^k. The results do not establish the existence of possible relationships between these classes; rather, they show the consequences of such relationships, in some cases offering circumstantial evidence that these relationships, do not hold and that certain pairs of classes are set-theoretically incomparable.
Archibald Grimké: Portrait Of A Black Independent

This biography by Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., presents the first full-length examination of one of the most important figures in African-American life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Born a slave in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1849, Archibald Grimke was the nephew of two of the major leaders of the antislavery movement, Angelina and Sarah Grimke. With their assistance, he attended college after Emancipation and became one of the first black graduates of Harvard Law School. As a young man, he edited a newspaper and became active in Republican, then Democratic, politics. He also began literary career and wrote widely read biographies of Charles Sumner and William Lloyd Garrison, among other works. From 1894 to 1898, he served as American consul to the Dominican Republic. After the turn of the century, Grimke became an ever more prominent and influential participant in African-American intellectual life, producing scores of pamphlets, magazine articles, and newspaper pieces. He was a key figure in one of the central debates in African-American history, that between he proponents and opponents of Booker T. Washington. Grimke occupied a peculiar place in that debate, helping to frame the arguments that challenged Washington's accommodationist views while, for a time a least, working closely with Washington's allies. His actions tell us much about the dynamics of African-American thought and politics during the early years of the century. Grimke participated in the founding of the NAACP, and as president of its influential District of Columbia branch he became one of the organization's most visible leaders. For many years Grimke was the NAACP's point man in the battleagainst segregation at the national level. Throughout his career, both black and white leaders sought his advice and counsel on racial issues. Bruce's biography of Grimke is grounded in an impressive array of primary sources, particularly the letters and writings of Grimke and hi
An Integrated Radiation Hybrid Map of Bovine Chromosome 19 and Ordered Comparative Mapping with Human Chromosome 17

We recently constructed a 5000-rad cattle whole-genome radiation hybrid panel with the primary objective of integrating linkage maps of microsatellites with evolutionarily conserved genes into one ordered map. This study utilized the panel to construct a radiation hybrid (RH) map of bovine chromosome 19 (BTA19). Twelve microsatellites from different cattle linkage maps, 15 coding genes, and 2 expressed sequence tags were placed on the BTA19 RH map, with 16 of the markers ordered with odds of at least 1000:1. When the BTA19 RH map was compared with human chromosome 17 cytogenetic and RH maps, rearrangements in linear order were revealed for homologous genes on these two chromosomes that are totally conserved at the level of synteny mapping. Radiation hybrids, which have to date been used almost exclusively in mapping the human genome, are a potentially powerful resource for constructing maps for other species and for ordered comparative mapping between species.
An ultramicro method of amino acid analyses: Application to studies of protein metabolism in cultured cells

Abstract Analysis of the quantity and specific radioactivity of amino acids derived from intra-cellular pools, aminoacyl-transfer RNA, and protein hydrolysates of cultured cells has been achieved using a radiolabeled amino group ligand, dansyl chloride. Speeific activities of 14C- or 3H-labeled amino acids are calculated after reaction with appropriately labeled dansyl chloride of known specific activity. The quantity of amino acid is determined as a function of its diluting influence on a radioactive standard. The specific activity of as little as 2 pmol of amino acid can be measured using [14C]dansyl chloride the less sensitive of the two isotopic species available. Thus, cells from a single 60-mm culture dish provide sufficient material for analysis of both intracellular and transfer RNA amino acid pools, and one can easily analyze the amino acids in hydrolysates made from individual bands in polyacrylamide gels. The method offers significant improvement in speed, sensitivity, and economy over conventional methods of amino acid analysis and, because of its double-label design, gives accurate results with a minimum of technical expertise and no major equipment other than a scintillation counter.
Effect of ions on melanin formation.

Melanin pigment in the skin and eyes is formed biochemically through the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine to dopa and dopa to melanin (1).
The Neutron-Proton and Neutron-Carbon Scattering Cross Sections for Fast Neutrons

An experimental investigation of the total scattering cross section of hydrogen and carbon for neutrons of energies 0.35 to 6.0 Mev is reported. Neutrons of discrete energies were produced by particle bombardment of lithium, carbon, and heavy water targets. Transmissions of cyclohexane (${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$${\mathrm{H}}_{12}$) and graphite scatterers under conditions of good geometry were measured. Results for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{H})$ are compared with the theoretical interpretations of Bohm and Richman in a later paper and to the experimental results of D. Frisch at lower energies in a companion paper. It is estimated that ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{H})$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{C})$ are determined to approximately five percent.
Pretend play and positive psychology: Natural companions

In this article we posit that (1) research on pretend play fits under the umbrella of the positive psychology movement, (2) pretend play involves a multitude of processes that are linked to adaptive functioning, and (3) understanding and implementing knowledge of pretend play processes in therapy or interventions may lead to more optimal functioning in children. We review five areas of positive psychology in relation to pretend play: (1) creativity, (2) coping, (3) emotion regulation, (4) empathy/emotional understanding, and (5) hope. Implications for interventions and future research questions are discussed.
Three-dimensional analysis of the electronic structure of cylindrical vertical quantum dots

We present a detailed analysis of single-electron charging effects in cylindrical vertical quantum dots (CVQD's). Emphasis is placed on three-dimensional (3D) device effects that induce appreciable features in the quantized electron spectrum and in the addition energy spectrum of CVQD's. A potential model based on a 3D analytical solution of the Poisson equation provides intuitive physical insight into the variation of the eigenspectrum as a function of the potential nonparabolicity. This analytical model is in good qualitative agreement with a full 3D self-consistent quantum simulation of single-electron charging in quantized CVQD's based on the density-functional theory. Hence we show that the spin sequences realized in filling the third and fourth electronic shells are a sensitive function of the potential nonparabolicity arising from the 3D CVQD geometry, and varying with applied gate bias. Within this ``atomic shell'' model, the addition energy spectrum reflects the influence of 3D device effects and is not necessarily a signature of a particular spin-filling sequence.
Communalism, familism, and filial piety: Are they birds of a collectivist feather?

The present studies examined the extent to which (a) communalism, familism, and filial piety would pattern onto a single family/relationship primacy construct; (b) this construct would be closely related to indices of collectivism; and (c) this construct would be related to positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. In Study 1, 1,773 students from nine colleges and universities around the United States completed measures of communalism, familism, and filial piety, as well as of individualistic and collectivistic values. Results indicated that communalism, familism, and filial piety clustered onto a single factor. This factor, to which we refer as family/relationship primacy, was closely and positively related to collectivism but only weakly and positively related to individualism and independence. In Study 2, 10,491 students from 30 colleges and universities in 20 U.S. states completed measures of communalism, familism, and filial piety, as well as of positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. The family/relationship primacy factor again emerged and was positively associated with both positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. Clinical implications and future directions for the study of cultural values are discussed.
Second formant transitions in fluent speech of persistent and recovered preschool children who stutter

Abstract This study investigated frequency change and duration of the second formant (F2) transitions in perceptually fluent speech samples recorded close to stuttering onset in preschool age children. Comparisons were made among 10 children known to eventually persist in stuttering, 10 who eventually recovered from stuttering, and 10 normally fluent controls. All were enrolled in the longitudinal Stuttering Research Project at the University of Illinois. Subjects fluently repeated standard experimental sentences. The same 36 perceptually fluent target segments (syllables embedded in words) from each subject’s repeated sentences were analyzed. The syllables were divided into three phonetic categories based on their initial consonant: bilabial, alveolar, and velar placement. The frequency change and duration of F2 transitions were analyzed for each of the target CV segments. F2 transition onset and offset frequencies and their interval (duration) were measured for each utterance. Data indicate that near stuttering onset, children whose stuttering eventually persisted demonstrated significantly smaller frequency change than that of the recovered group. It is suggested that the F2 transitions should continue to be investigated as a possible predictor of stuttering pathways. Learning outcomes (1) Readers will learn about studies regarding second formant transition related to stuttering. (2) Readers will learn about differences between children who persist in stuttering and those who recover from stuttering. (3) Readers will learn about research concerned with early identification of risk criteria in persistent stuttering.
A novel structural-based approach to model the age hardening behaviour of aluminium alloys

A new approach based on an artificial neural networks (ANN) model was used to model the ageing behaviour of an Al–Mg–Si alloy. A systematic combination of hardness measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), image analysis and the ANN method was used to correlate the key precipitate parameters with the age-hardening response. The ageing behaviour of AA6022 during isothermal heating was characterized by hardness measurements and the structural evolution was studied by TEM. To distinguish the precipitate morphology at each stage of ageing, an image analysis algorithm capable of capturing orientation gradient, nearest neighbour distances, number density, shapes and size of precipitates was developed. A parametric study was performed to identify the significance of each precipitate parameter, and then the most important parameters were used to train the ANN model. The model combines the most important precipitate parameters including volume fraction, shape, size and distance between precipitates. It was found that the model is able to successfully predict the age hardening behaviour of AA6022 in both deformed and undeformed conditions.
Scotopic vision, color vision, and stereopsis in infants.

Infants as young as 1 month postnatal have scotopic spectral sensitivity closely resembling the CIE standard curve and thus appear to have a functional, rhodopsin-based rod system. Neutrally adapted photopic spectral sensitivities are broad and roughly equal to those of adults tested under similar conditions, although infants may show an elevated sensitivity in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. Spectral sensitivity has been shown to change with changes in chromatic adaptation. Some wavelength discriminations are possible under conditions in which brightness artifacts can be ruled out. All of these factors support the conclusion that young infants are at least dichromats. However, 2-month-olds to date have shown some unpredicted failures of chromatic discrimination (for example, yellow-greens from white), and the percentage of infants who demonstrate discriminations (for example, among wavelengths ≥ 550 nm) improves with age in early infancy. Thus the status of young infants as trichromats is no...
The temporal behaviour of the hydrodynamic force on a body in response to an abrupt change in velocity at small but finite Reynolds number

A modification to the O(Re)-accurate expression for the hydrodynamic force acting on a body in arbitrary time-dependent motion, determined by Lovalenti & Brady (1993), is presented. This simple modification captures the O(Re2) transient behaviour of the force, which has been recently shown to dominate at large time (Lawrence & Mei 1995), while maintaining the overall O(Re) accuracy.
Sequentially operating finite memory detectors

The Bayesian approach in signal detection theory generally yields detectors with memory which contains appropriate statistics used in producing a detection output. This memory summarizes each available observation in terms of precisely representable continuous variables. Precise representation of any real number requires an infinity of digits which in turn means an infinite soft or changeable memory requirement. This presentation provides a procedure for design of sequentially operating finite memory detectors applicable to the open-ended type detection problem. The approach is applied to a general class of problems including the Signal-Known-Exactly (SKE), Signal-Known-Except-Amplitude (SKEA), and the M-ary signaling problems. Results presented compare the detection performance of the finite and optimum infinite memory detector designs using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).
Improved Efficiency of Replica Exchange Simulations through Use of a Hybrid Explicit/Implicit Solvation Model

The use of parallel tempering or replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations has facilitated the exploration of free energy landscapes for complex molecular systems, but application to large systems is hampered by the scaling of the number of required replicas with increasing system size. Use of continuum solvent models reduces system size and replica requirements, but these have been shown to provide poor results in many cases, including overstabilization of ion pairs and secondary structure bias. Hybrid explicit/continuum solvent models can overcome some of these problems through an explicit representation of water molecules in the first solvation shells, but these methods typically require restraints on the solvent molecules and show artifacts in water properties due to the solvation interface. We propose an REMD variant in which the simulations are performed with a fully explicit solvent, but the calculation of exchange probability is carried out using a hybrid model, with the solvation she...
Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism.

Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism are usually produced by transplacental passage of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. Most commonly, the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are a component of a...
Focusing on Living: Attitudinal Approaches of Long-Term Survivors of Aids

This naturalistic study reports the attitudinal approaches of long-term survivors of AIDS. Ethnographic interviewing techniques were employed to interview a purposive sample of 14 men and 6 women who had had AIDS for at least 3 years and who were living in the Tampa/St. Petersburg, FL, area. As part of a larger study on the phenomenon of surviving AIDS, participants reconstructed their lives within the context of AIDS. There were five dimensions involved in becoming a long-term survivor, and this article reports on the attitudinal dimension, labelled “focusing on living.” Components of this dimension include having a positive attitude, planning for the future, and having a focus for one's energies. Implications for practice, theory, and research are discussed, and specific strategies are suggested for nurses to assist people in all stages of HIV disease.
Self-Concept in Learning Disabled Adolescents

A prevailing assumption in the learning disabilities literature is that the learning disabled adolescent has a poor self-concept. The assumption is widely held but has little foundation in research. To test the assumption, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was administered to LD adolescents in a large urban school system and in urban, suburban, and rural junior high schools. Results indicated that mean self-concept scores of LD adolescents were comparable to those of the age appropriate norm population and to a normal control group also tested. The assumption is rejected and new research directions are suggested.
A New Approach to Directional Survey Interpretation and Course Correction by the Sectional Method

In this paper, an oblique circular arc representation for wellbore trajectories, a geometric analysis termed the sectional method, is presented. This approach permits projected line segments to be functions of the dogleg angle and to be related to usually measured displacements between survey stations. The program provides a solution summary for a course correction from various survey stations in a well to any planned target. As a result, an optimum course correction or minimum plugback depth can be quickly determined. Once the desired kickoff point is selected, the program provides an exact solution of true vertical depth, azimuth, inclination, and toolface angle for every 100 of correction course length.
Is gabapentin an effective treatment choice for hemicrania continua

The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of hemicrania continua (HC) in cases where patients had difficulty tolerating indomethacin due to adverse effects. A retrospective chart review of nine patients with HC between October 2006 and February 2008. Inclusion criteria included men and women age 18 or above presenting to the headache center with a headache that meets International Headache Society criteria for HC including a response to indomethacin, but were not able to continue on indomethacin secondary to adverse effects. Four patients report being pain free, three patients report a 50–80% reduction of pain, one patient reports a 10% reduction of pain, and one patient reports no change in pain. Seven out of nine patients demonstrated at least a 50% reduction of pain on gabapentin, four patients becoming completely pain free.
A review of marijuana in relation to stress-response mechanisms in the dental patient

This sympathomimetic, parasympatholytic agent may interfere with normal cardiovascular and stress-response mechanisms. Recent government surveys indicate that marijuana is used by 50% of the college-age population; 8% of these use excessive amounts of the drug daily. Many of these habitual users of marijuana may come to the dental operatory for elective or emergency treatment. Marijuana is a pharmacologically active sympathomimetic and parasympatholytic agent that interferes with normal cardiovascular and stress-response mechanisms. Cross-reactions between active cannabis metabolites and atropine, local anesthetic agents containing epinephrine, and gingival retraction cords impregnated with racemic epinephrine are possible. The development of cardiac arrhythmias and syncopal hypotensive episodes should be anticipated when treating these patients. Marijuana is vasoactive, cardiotropic, steroidogenic, and sympathomimetic and thus could complicate the treatment of a dental patient.
Ray Optics at Sub-Wavelength Scale

Molding the flow of light via ray optical way is proposed at sub-wavelength scale. Anisotropic indefinite media having near-flat isofrequency contours are conformal transformed. Multi-layers of matched opposite permittivity/permeability metamaterials enable the control of light.
Weighted synergy graphs for role assignment in ad hoc heterogeneous robot teams

Heterogeneous robot teams are formed to perform complex tasks that are sub-divided into different roles. In ad hoc domains, the capabilities of the robots and how well they perform as a team is initially unknown, and the goal is to find the optimal role assignment policy of the robots that will attain the highest value. In this paper, we formally define the weighted synergy graph for role assignment (WeSGRA), that models the capabilities of robots in different roles as Normal distributions, and uses a weighted graph structure to model how different role assignments affect the overall team value. We contribute a learning algorithm that learns a WeSGRA from training examples of role assignment policies and observed values, and a team formation algorithm that approximates the optimal role assignment policy. We evaluate our model and algorithms in extensive experiments, and show that the learning algorithm learns a WeSGRA model with high log-likelihood that is used to form a near-optimal team. Further, we apply theWeSGRA model to simulated robots in the RoboCup Rescue domain, and to real robots in a foraging task, and show that the role assignment policy found by WeSGRA attains a high value and outperforms other algorithms, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the WeSGRA model.
Diabetes management in adolescents in poor metabolic control.

Purpose This study was conducted to describe and compare adolescent and parent report of diabetes management and to identify racial/ethnic differences in diabetes management and metabolic control in adolescents in poor metabolic control. Methods The convenience sample consisted of 31 mother-adolescent dyads. Diabetes management was measured by the Diabetes Management Scale. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results The overall mean of individual management activities was 66% for adolescents and 68% for mothers. Mismanagement of insulin was reported by 25% of the adolescents yet this behavior was supervised only 65% of the time. Better metabolic control was related to eating 3 meals a day, getting insulin every day, and more assistance with meals. African American adolescents were in poorer metabolic control than European Americans. Conclusions Diabetes management behaviors are performed much less frequently than recommended by adolescents and their mothers. Additional research is necessary to identify modifiable factors that contribute to inadequate diabetes management to identify intervention strategies to improve diabetes management in adolescents with poor metabolic control.
Enhancement of Saturation Boiling of PF-5060 on Microporous Copper Dendrite Surfaces

Experiments are performed to investigate saturation boiling of degassed PF-5060 dielectric liquid on microporous copper dendrite surface layers deposited on 10 × 10 mm 2 Cu substrates. The electrochemically deposited surface layers are of different thicknesses (145.6 μm, 46.3 μm, and 33.1 μm). The thickest layer gives the best results: the saturation CHF of 25.27 W/cm 2 occurs at a surface superheat of only 2.9 K and the maximum nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, h MNB , near the end of the fully developed nucleate boiling region, is 8.76 W/cm 2 K. In addition, nucleate boiling ensues at a surface temperature slightly above saturation (<0.5 K), with no temperature excursion. The temperature excursions before initiating boiling on the 46.3 μm and 33.1 μm thick Cu nanodendrite surface layers are small (3.7 K and 6 K), corresponding to surface temperatures of ∼55.1°C and 57.4°C, respectively. These temperatures are much lower than recommended (85°C) for reliable operation of most silicon electronics and central processor units.
Maximizing inpainting efficiency without sacrificing quality

We propose a quality-aware computational optimization of inpainting based upon the intelligent application of a battery of inpainting methods. By leveraging the Decision-Action-Reward Network (DARN) formalism and a bottom-up model of human visual attention, methods are selected for optimal local use via an adjustable quality-time tradeoff and (empirical) training statistics aimed at minimizing observer foveal attention to inpainted regions. Results are shown for object removal in high-resolution consumer video, including a comparison of output quality and efficiency with homogeneous inpainting applications.
Release of 3H-α-methyl-m-tyramine from rat striatum in vitro

Abstract Release of 3H-d-α-methyl-m-tyramine (3H-MMTA), a false dopaminergic transmitter, from rat striatum was studied in vitro. After its initial uptake, 3H-MMTA was released by high K+ and by amphetamine. The release requirements were essentially the same as those known to exist for release of dopamine in vitro. Thes studies indicate that 3H-MMTA might serve as a useful tool with which to study dopamine release mechanisms in vitro.
Optimization of Blend Toughness by Simultaneous Measurement of Heat and Work of Deformation

The technique of differential gas pressure calorimtery is used to simultaneously measure heat and work of isothermal deformation of acrylic based latex blend coatings. These coatings comprise of phase separated hard and soft components resulting in a combination of stiffness and toughness. An overall energy balance approach is adopted to study the partition of energy between the two phases in their respective energy-dissipating and energy-absorbing mechanisms. The toughness is maximized by a simultaneous maximization of heat dissipation and energy absorption; a fact often overlooked in the design of commercial rubber toughened systems that focus almost entirely on increasing the energy absorbing capacity of the glassy matrix. It is observed that maximizing both the energy absorption as well as dissipation can result in much higher toughness without a large sacrifice in stiffness.
Campylobacter jejuni fatty acid synthase II: structural and functional analysis of beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (FabZ).

Fatty acid biosynthesis is crucial for all living cells. In contrast to higher organisms, bacteria use a type II fatty acid synthase (FAS II) composed of a series of individual proteins, making FAS II enzymes excellent targets for antibiotics discovery. The β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (FabZ) catalyzes an essential step in the FAS II pathway. Here, we report the structure of Campylobacter jejuni FabZ (CjFabZ), showing a hexamer both in crystals and solution, with each protomer adopting the characteristic hot dog fold. Together with biochemical analysis of CjFabZ, we define the first functional FAS II enzyme from this pathogen, and provide a framework for investigation on roles of FAS II in C. jejuni virulence.
ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE RANGE-FREQUENCY COMPROMISE IN JUDGMENT

Summary.-A developmental hypothesis is derived from Parducci's RangeFrequency Compromise model of judgment. It is held that the range is developmentally the first basis of judgment and subsequently one learns the range-frequency compromise. Using 6- and 18-yr.-olds to test this hypothesis, the results clearly indicate that 6-yr.-olds are already making the range-frequency compromise in judgment. Therefore under the present experimental conditions the hypothesis is disallowed. There currently exist several explicit models of judgment (see Anderson, 1970; Helson, 1964; Patducci, 1963; Sherif & Sherif, 1969; Warren, 1969). These models are approximations of adult judgments. They have been largely derived from the psychophysical judgment characteristics of subjects 18 yr. or older. Ic seems logical, however, to ask how the human develops the capacity to make fairly complex judgments that each of these models purports to explain. In fairness to the model builders, it should be pointed out that they are not concerned with developmental aspects of judgment nor ate they explicitedly stating how their models of judgment suggest that humans develop this capacity. It still seems that for a psychological model to have wide applicability and utility, it should provide hypotheses concerning how this behavior develops. It appeared to the authors that the j~tdgmental models of each of the above cited psychologists have developmental implications. Both as an experimental and as a heuristic example, we choose to test a hypothesis derived from Parducci's Range-Frequency Compromise Model. Parducci has proposed and tested a model whereby judgments in general are characterized as a compromise between S's tendency to divide the range of stimuli into proportionate subranges and the tendency to use different parts of the response scale with proportionate frequencies. When these judgments ate category judgments, Parducci ( 1965) has made explicit two assumptions, ( 1) S divides his judgment range into categories whose relative widths are independent of the stimuli, and (2) S uses these categories with equal frequency. From these assumptions, we derived the developmental hypothesis that in learning the range-frequency compromise, humans first learn to make judgments using only the range of the stimuli and later incorporate the ability to use the frequency of occurrence of each srimuli in making the range-frequency compromise. In other words, the abilicy to integrate the value of each stimulus as a function of the number of times it appears seems to us to be logically the second aspect of the developmental sequence. Studies by Piaget and Inhelder (1959; see Etkind & Flavell, 1969), for example, have shown that children can
Detection of multiple corrosion thresholds in reinforced concrete structures using passive sensors

This paper describes the ongoing research efforts to develop a novel class of low-cost, unpowered, wireless sensors for detecting corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. The sensors are powered through magnetic coupling between an external reader coil and an embedded sensor. Measured AC impedance is used to interpret the state of the embedded sensor. The sensors are envisioned to be placed during construction and interrogated as part of routine inspections. The sensor prototype incorporates a sacrificial corroding element that is placed entirely outside the sensor components and interacts with the resonant circuit by inductive coupling and shielding of the magnetic fields. As the resistance of the sacrificial element increases due to corrosion, the measured frequency response changes gradually indicating corrosion initiation within concrete. In this paper the potential for detecting multiple levels of corrosion damage is demonstrated.
HIGH-RESOLUTION GRATING SPECTROSCOPY OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 030328 AND 041006 WITH CHANDRA LETGS

We present high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of two recent γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglows observed with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra. The afterglows to GRBs 030328 and 041006 are detected beginning 15.33 and 16.8 hr after each burst, respectively, and are observed to fade in time during each ~90 ks observation. We fit for the continuum emission in each full data set and for the data sliced into half and quarter time sections. For both afterglows, the continuum emission is well described by an absorbed power-law model, and the model parameters describing the absorption and spectral slope do not appear to evolve in time. We perform a careful search for deviations from the model continua for the full and time-sliced data and find no evidence for significant (3 σ) narrow emission/absorption lines or edges. The lack of detections implies that line emission—if it is a general feature in GRB X-ray afterglows—occurs early (t ~ 0.3 days in the source frame) and/or is short-lived (dt 10 ks). We also comment on synchrotron fireball models for the X-ray and optical data.
DNA protection by histone-like protein HU from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima

In mesophilic prokaryotes, the DNA-binding protein HU participates in nucleoid organization as well as in regulation of DNA-dependent processes. Little is known about nucleoid organization in thermophilic eubacteria. We show here that HU from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima HU bends DNA and constrains negative DNA supercoils in the presence of topoisomerase I. However, while binding to a single site occludes ~35 bp, association of T. maritima HU with DNA of sufficient length to accommodate multiple protomers results in an apparent shorter occluded site size. Such complexes consist of ordered arrays of protomers, as revealed by the periodicity of DNase I cleavage. Association of TmHU with plasmid DNA yields a complex that is remarkably resistant to DNase I-mediated degradation. TmHU is the only member of this protein family capable of occluding a 35 bp nonspecific site in duplex DNA; we propose that this property allows TmHU to form exceedingly stable associations in which DNA flanking the kinks is sandwiched between adjacent proteins. We suggest that T. maritima HU serves an architectural function when associating with a single 35 bp site, but generates a very stable and compact aggregate at higher protein concentrations that organizes and protects the genomic DNA.
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of bcc 3 He

The thermal conductivity of bcc $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has been measured between 30 and 600 mK for a wide range of molar volumes. For carefully grown samples, the conductivity exhibited a ${T}^{3}$ temperature dependence. This dependence is characteristic of diffuse phonon boundary scattering with a temperature-independent mean free path, and a phonon specific heat which is in agreement with calorimetry measurements on bulk bcc $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. We were also able to grow samples for which the temperature dependence of the conductivity was less than cubic. These results are interpreted as the presence of another phonon-scattering mechanism in addition to boundary scattering. This scattering mechanism has a temperature dependence suggestive of edge dislocations in crystals. Several variations in sample growth techniques were performed, and these results support our interpretation of the presence of structural crystalline defects.
Vascular Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In the five years since MRI has become widely available, numerous promising vascular applications have been described. No other modality is as versatile in its ability to image and characterize anatomy and blood flow. While the use of MRI for vascular diagnosis is likely to increase as technical developments improve its efficacy, there are certain applications for which MRI can be used effectively, where available. There include detection of aortic pathology in patients who are hemodynamically stable and detection of venous thrombosis or occlusion. Other applications, such as detection and characterization of arterial stenoses and flow measurement, are likely to be important in the future, but technical improvements and clinical trials are necessary before widespread application will occur.
Development of an inpatient treatment alliance scale

Although alliance has been one of the most widely investigated variables in outpatient treatment research, its role in inpatient care has received little attention. One factor likely contributing to the lack of inpatient alliance research is the burdensome quality of most alliance scales. Guided by the existing alliance literature, we developed a brief 10-item scale that is designed to measure patients' overall level of alliance to their inpatient care. This new scale was administered to 140 inpatients receiving standard inpatient care early in their hospitalization. Seventy-two patients completed the scale a second time at discharge. The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties including internal consistency, adjusted item-to-scale correlations, and test-retest reliability. Scores from the inpatient alliance scale were meaningfully related to multiple outcome and treatment variables. Overall, this study demonstrates both the feasibility and potential benefit of exploring the effect of alliance on the process and outcome of inpatient treatment.