cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral, Cognitive and Virtual Biometrics

This chapter presents an overview and classification of security approaches based on computer analysis of human behavior. Overview of different methodologies is followed by an analysis of achieved accuracy rates, required equipment and prospects for future improvements. In particular the following broad categories of behavior-based authentication mechanisms are examined: Behavioral Biometrics (Authorship based, Human–Computer Interaction based, Motor Skill, and Purely Behavioral), Behavioral Passwords (syntactic, semantic, one-time methods and visual memory based), Biosignals (cognitive and semi-controllable biometrics) and Virtual Biometrics (representations of users in virtual worlds).
An Overview of Chinese Literary History

This chapter presents an overview of the major Chinese literary histories (CLH) and anthologies compiled in the East and the West. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, literary historians have never ceased rewriting Chinese literary histories. Why do we need new literary histories? What is the underlying mechanism of literary historiography? The answers to these questions seem not that easy. Chinese literary history was first written in Japanese by Japanese sinologists. Much effort has also been made in the field of Chinese literary histories and anthologies compiled in English, beginning with Herbert Allen Giles’ A History of Chinese Literature in 1901. The bloom of rewriting Chinese literary histories in China leads to our exploring into the critical issues of literary historiography. Therefore, the new approaches to rewriting Chinese literary history deserve a thorough investigation.
A longitudinal study on the association between facets of mindfulness and eating disorder symptoms in individuals diagnosed with eating disorders

Mindfulness-based treatments for eating disorders could be improved by understanding how facets of mindfulness predict eating disorder symptoms over time. We examined whether facets of mindfulness predict eating disorder symptoms over time and vice versa. Individuals with an eating disorder diagnosis (N = 124; 87.9% diagnosed with anorexia nervosa) and an undergraduate sample (N = 290) completed measures of mindfulness at baseline. The clinical sample also completed these measures 1 month later. Individuals in the clinical sample had lower acting with awareness and higher observing than individuals in the undergraduate sample (ps < 0.002). In the clinical sample, higher body dissatisfaction prospectively predicted lower acting with awareness (p = 0.02). Lower acting with awareness prospectively predicted higher drive for thinness (p < 0.01) and bulimic symptoms (p < 0.01). Acting with awareness shows potential as a process that can be altered to effect positive outcomes on drive for thinness and bulimic symptoms.
Premature battery depletion due to compromised low-voltage capacitor in a family of defibrillators.

Background Boston Scientific (Marlborough, MA, USA) implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds) manufactured between 2008 and 2014 are potentially subject to premature battery depletion through a low-voltage capacitor malfunction occurring as a result of hydrogen buildup within the device. Although some of these devices are currently under advisory, other devices manufactured during this timeframe carry a lower risk of the same malfunction. These same devices are known to have superior longevity in general, and the overall mean lifespan of the devices remains long. Methods All patients implanted or followed at our two centers who experienced premature battery depletion and had a Boston Scientific ICD or CRT-D potentially at risk for low-voltage capacitor malfunction were studied retrospectively. Results Nineteen out of 838 patients (2.3%) with devices potentially at risk have had premature battery depletion: 5.7% of those under advisory and 1.1% of those not under advisory. None of our patients had compromised therapy, and all had >27 days of projected battery longevity remaining. Conclusions Undetected premature battery depletion in this population of ICDs has the potential to expose a patient to an interval of time where the device is unable to provide therapy. However, with enrollment in remote monitoring, regular follow-up, and attention to audible alerts, the risk of therapy loss due to low-voltage state can be effectively mitigated. For these reasons, prophylactic generator replacement is not recommended.
The Effect of Frailty on Mortality and Defibrillator Implantation in Older Recipients of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy guidelines do not distinguish between defibrillators (CRT-D) and pacemakers (CRT-P). Drivers of CRT device choice remain uncertain but may be influenced by comorbidities and frailty, particularly in older recipients. Purpose We sought to evaluate the effect of frailty, measured as deficit accumulation, on mortality and CRT device choice in older (age≥75 yrs) heart failure patients. Methods In 502 consecutive older CRT recipients with EF≤35% implanted between 2002 and 2014 (age 81±4 yrs; 71% men; 19% CRT-P), we retrospectively collected 36 dichotomous variables each reflecting the presence or absence of a deficit and summed these to create a frailty score which has been previously validated in the primary care setting as a predictor of mortality. We divided the score into quartiles of fit, mild, moderate, and severe frailty and tested its association with survival from time of device implant (Cox regression) and type of CRT device implanted (chi-square). Results Over a median follow up of 4.7 yrs, 414 (82%) patients died. Frailty quartile predicted mortality in unadjusted analysis (Figure) and similarly after adjustment for device type, ejection fraction, and age at time of device implant. The 1-, 3-, and 7-year cumulative survival between fit and severely frail recipients were 98% vs. 71% (p=0.02), 86% vs. 51% (p Conclusion A frailty score predicts mortality in older CRT recipients and tracks physician tendency towards CRT-P implantation among the frail relative to the fit. Yet, even among the severely frail, CRT-D remained the norm in our sample despite its lack of known benefit on survival compared to CRT-P. As a result, type of device implanted did not predict survival, indicating that physician intuition may be limited regarding frailty assessment and patient outcome. Use of a frailty score may assist in CRT device choice by helping physicians identify patient frailty extent and providing individualized risk assessment.
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus following decompressive hemicraniectomy: Incidence and risk factors in a prospective cohort of severe TBI patients.

Abstract Background In severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), the rate of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is high at 12–36%. Early diagnosis and shunt placement can improve outcomes. Herein, we examined the incidence of and predictors of PTH after craniectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database of severe TBI patients at a single U.S. Level 1 trauma center from May 2000 to July 2014 was performed. Demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), bleeding pattern and time-to-cranioplasty were analyzed. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at 6 and 12-months were studied. Statistical significance was assessed at p Results A total of 402 patients were enrolled and 105 patients had DHC. Twenty-two (21.0%) of 105 required ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), compared to 18 (6%) of 297 patients without DHC. There was increased odds ratio for shunting after DHC at 3.62 (95%CI:1.62–8.07; p Conclusions After severe TBI requiring hemicraniectomy, shunt-dependent hydrocephalus was 21%. Younger patients and higher ISS score were associated with PTH. Shunt-dependent patients achieved similar 6- and 12-month outcomes as those without PTH. Early diagnosis and shunt placement can enhance long-term neurological recovery.
Interference Analysis and Mitigation for Massive Access Aerial IoT Considering 3D Antenna Patterns

Due to dense deployments of Internet of things (IoT) networks, interference management becomes a critical challenge. With the proliferation of aerial IoT devices, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), interference characteristics in 3D environments will be different than those in the existing terrestrial IoT networks. In this paper, we consider 3D topology IoT networks with a mixture of aerial and terrestrial links, with low-cost cross-dipole antennas at ground nodes and omni-directional antennas at aerial nodes. Considering a massive-access communication scenario, we first derive the statistics of the channel gain at IoT receivers in closed form while taking into account the radiation patterns of both ground and aerial nodes. These are then used to calculate the ergodic achievable rate as a function of the height of the aerial receiver. We propose an interference mitigation scheme that utilizes 3D antenna radiation pattern with different dipole antenna settings. Our results show that using the proposed scheme, the ergodic achievable rate improves as the height of aerial receivers increases. In addition, the ratio between the ground and aerial receivers that maximizes the peak rate also increases with the aerial IoT receiver height.
Does your child need therapy? Maternal reflective functioning and perceived need for and use of child mental health treatment.

Interventions to improve reflective functioning (RF) are being delivered to parents of children with mental health needs, yet whether this population differs in RF is unknown. We examine if mothers...
Ethical Advocacy Across the Autism Spectrum: Beyond Partial Representation

Recent debates within the autism advocacy community have raised difficult questions about who can credibly act as a representative of a particular population and what responsibilities that role entails. We attempt to answer these questions by defending a set of evaluative criteria that can be used to assess the legitimacy of advocacy organizations and other nonelectoral representatives. With these criteria in hand, we identify a form of misrepresentation common but not unique to autism advocacy, which we refer to as partial representation. Partial representation occurs when an actor claims to represent a particular group of people but appropriately engages with only a subset of that group. After highlighting symbolic and substantive harms associated with partial representation, we propose several strategies for overcoming it.
Resolvin E1 is a pro-repair molecule that promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing

Resolution of intestinal inflammation and wound repair are active processes that mediate epithelial healing at mucosal surfaces. Lipid molecules referred to as specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) play an important role in the restorative response. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a SPM derived from omega-3 fatty acids, has been reported to dampen intestinal inflammation by promoting anti-inflammatory responses including increased neutrophil spherocytosis and macrophage production of IL-10. Despite these observations, a role for RvE1 in regulating intestinal epithelial cell migration and proliferation during mucosal wound repair has not been explored. Using an endoscopic biopsy-based wound healing model, we report that RvE1 is locally produced in response to intestinal mucosal injury. Exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to RvE1 promoted wound repair by increasing cellular proliferation and migration through activation of signaling pathways including CREB, mTOR, and Src-FAK. Additionally, RvE1-triggered activation of the small GTPase Rac1 led to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell-matrix adhesion, and cellular protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells. Furthermore, in situ administration of RvE1-encapsulated synthetic targeted polymeric nanoparticles into intestinal wounds promoted mucosal repair. Together, these findings demonstrate that RvE1 functions as a prorepair lipid mediator by increasing intestinal epithelial cell migration and proliferation, and highlight potential therapeutic applications for this SPM to promote mucosal healing in the intestine.
Chapter 10 – Selective Media

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on selective media. Selective growth is made possible by the fact that different kinds of cells have different qualitative and quantitative growth requirements. The chapter is explains the development of culture media that selectively favor growth of one particular type of cell while inhibiting growth of other cell types that are likely to be present in the same inoculum. It, therefore, deals primarily with differences in growth requirements among different cell types from the same species. However, the principles that are discussed are for the most part also applicable to differences between normal and transformed cells and to species-based differences. Recent progress in the development of defined media for various types of normal cells is beginning to make feasible the use of differences in responses to regulatory molecules as a possible basis for the development of selective media. Differences in growth requirements can be either qualitative or quantitative. The requirements of fibroblasts for serum mitogens and lipids has been used to obtain selective growth of diverse types of epithelial cells in hormonally defined media that satisfy all the requirements of the epithelial cells but not of the contaminating fibroblasts.
Hybrid Governance of Disaster Management in Freetown, Monrovia, and Dar es Salaam.

This article introduces a hybrid governance perspective to disaster management. Hybrid governance refers to situations where state and non-state actors collectively provide key services. We argue that hybridity is often the norm rather than exception for disaster management, particularly in developing countries where the state is often weak and may be unable or unwilling to provide essential services. In these instances, risks are addressed by the state and non-state entities-from citizens and NGOs to customary authorities. Because of their important role in risk reduction, disrupting hybrid processes by attempting to bring them under the remit of the state may create rather than reduce risk. To make this argument, we first outline the key tenants of hybridity and their applicability to disasters before illustrating hybridity through three case studies of hybrid risk management in three cities in Africa, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Monrovia, Liberia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Silver-Catalyzed, N-Formylation of Amines Using Glycol Ethers.

A silver-catalyzed protocol was found to afford the N-formylation of amines in moderate-to-good yields. Ethylene glycol-derived, oligomeric ethers were found to function as the formylating agent, w...
Abstract 15802: Diet and Exercise in 2020 in America: Where Are We?

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death among individuals living in the United States. Adherence to heart-healthy diets and exercise reduce risk of CVD. However, a ...
Lyme Neuroborreliosis presenting as multiple bilateral cranial nerve palsies (4838)

Objective: Demonstrating Lyme Neuroborreliosis(LNB) as one of the rare causes of bilateral multiple cranial nerve(CN) palsies Background: Lyme disease is a multisystem infectious disease and one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the United States. Lyme Neuroborreliosis can present with an array of neurological disorders but can rarely cause multiple bilateral cranial nerve palsies. Design/Methods: We present a 59 years-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, and hyperlipidemia who presented with diplopia. These symptoms preceded with a 12-centimeter rash in his right inguinal region 2 months prior to the onset of diplopia. He was initially treated for cellulitis with Keflex and then Bactrim with resolution of the rash. After the rash resolved, he started having retro-orbital headache, myalgia and followed by diplopia with right gaze. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast was performed which showed enhancement of cisternal segments of bilateral CN III, V and VI with concerns for Lyme’s disease. Lyme antibodies were positive both in serum and CSF confirming the diagnosis. Patient was started on Ceftriaxone for two weeks per infectious diseases recommendations. Patient continued to have diplopia even at 3 month follow up clinic visit although his systemic symptoms have resolved. Results: NA Conclusions: Due to delayed diagnosis of the condition, patient progressed both clinically and had radiological evidence of LNB in the rare form of multiple CN involvement. Presentation of Lyme’s disease can be variable throughout its progression due to it’s multisystem involvement. LNB should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis, especially in an endemic region when patient presents with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Early clinical diagnosis needs to be established and treatment should be started to avoid progression and long term or permanent neurological deficits as in our patient. Disclosure: Dr. Surpur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tayal has nothing to disclose.
Regulation of λ exonuclease

Lambda exonuclease was purified 133 times from the hyperactive mutant lysogen, W3350(λ T11 ) and 1000 times from the wild-type lysogen, W3350(λ + ). The following properties of the two enzymes were similar: (1) strong specificity for native DNA; (2) pH optimum; (3) divalent cation requirement; (4) K m ; and (5) inhibition by sodium chloride. Inhibition and competition experiments with antiserum prepared against partially purified λ T11 exonuclease demonstrated immunologic similarity and similar enzymic activity per mole of enzyme. These data indicate that the active site of λ T11 exonuclease has not been mutationally altered. In the last stage of purification from λ T11 by chromatography on phosphocellulose, exonuclease activity was repeatedly eluted in two sharp peaks. The activity in both peaks was identical by the enzymic and immunologic criteria listed above. Both peaks contained exonuclease activity which filtered through Sephadex G100 with a mobility similar to that of bovine serum albumin (mol. wt 67,000).
Barack Obama and Celebrity Spectacle

In the contemporary era of media politics, the role of image and media spectacle has played an increasingly important role in presidential politics and other domains of society. As corporate journalism became increasingly tabloidized, the line between news and information and entertainment blurred and politics became a form of entertainment and spectacle. In this context, presidential candidates become celebrities and they are packaged and sold like the products of the culture industry. In this study, I will suggest some of the ways that the logic of the spectacle promoted the candidacy of Barack Obama and how he has become a master of the spectacle and global celebrity of the highest order. I will discuss how he became a supercelebrity in the presidential primaries and general election of 2008 and utilized media spectacle to help his win the presidency. Finally, I will discuss how Obama has so far in the first 100 Days of his presidency deployed his status as global supercelebrity and utilized media spectacle to advance his agenda.
Robotic Workspaces after a Free-Swinging Failure

A robotic manipulator can fail in many different ways, and its capabilities after a failure are a major concern, especially for manipulators used in hazardous and remote environments, where the cost of repair or replacement is high. This article presents a study of the workspaces of robotic arms after a free-swinging failure, defined as a hardware or software failure that prevents the application of actuator torque on a joint. Two analytical methods are discussed. The first is for planar arms only and is based on a positional inverse-kinematic algorithm that uses polynomial roots, guaranteeing that all solutions, and therefore the postfailure workspace, can be found. The second method has no such guarantee, but is applicable to general spatial manipulators. It is based on a differential technique for tracing the postfailure workspace boundary.
Boarding the Onramp to Drive Innovation

Innovation has become an integral part of increasing performance and competitiveness in the rapidly changing volatile business market. To effectively respond to the demands of innovation, the strategic decision making process has to encompass a broad spectrum of attributes which constructs and approaches environments are dependent upon the capabilities of the key areas aligning in order to create a positive outcome. Through the assessment of these strategies, leaders can develop an understanding of the strengths and opportunities to grow innovation.
Effects of cyclodextrins on fatty acid synthesis.

Abstract The stimulatory effects of the mycobacterial polysaccharides MMP (3-O-methylmannose containing polysaccharide) or MGLP (lipopolysaccharide containing 6-O-methylglucose and glucose) on the activity of the fatty acid synthetase from Mycobacterium phlei are mimicked by α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins in the order α g β g γ. Methylation to the hexakis or heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl) α- and β-cyclodextrins increases the stimulatory effect severalfold. Complex formation between the cyclodextrins or their alkyl derivatives and palmitoyl coenzyme A has been demonstrated by Sephadex chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Algorithm analysis for returning adult students

Returning adult students typically have expectations of gaining both near-term applicable skill sets and long-term foundational concepts from their courses. Most Algorithm Analysis classes are designed for traditional students and do not have teaching practical skill set as one of their major goals. This paper describes an attempt to meet the expectations of both applicable skills and foundational concepts in an Algorithm Analysis class. The class emphasizes implementation and experimentation while covering concepts supporting students' future self-learning. We also present our approach to support the teaching of this highly demanding course to students with busy life schedules.
Regulation of Structure and Function of Sarcomeric Actin Filaments in Striated Muscle of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a valuable system to study structure and function of striated muscle. The body wall muscle of C. elegans is obliquely striated muscle with highly organized sarcomeric assembly of actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. Genetic and molecular biological studies in C. elegans have identified a number of genes encoding structural and regulatory components for the muscle contractile apparatuses, and many of them have counterparts in mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscles or striated muscles in other invertebrates. Applicability of genetics, cell biology, and biochemistry has made C. elegans an excellent system to study mechanisms of muscle contractility and assembly and maintenance of myofibrils. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of structure and function of actin filaments in the C. elegans body wall muscle. Sarcomeric actin filaments in C. elegans muscle are associated with the troponin-tropomyosin system that regulates the actin-myosin interaction. Proteins that bind to the side and ends of actin filaments support ordered assembly of thin filaments. Furthermore, regulators of actin dynamics play important roles in initial assembly, growth, and maintenance of sarcomeres. The knowledge acquired in C. elegans can serve as bases to understand the basic mechanisms of muscle structure and function.
Circadian Gating of the Mammalian Cell Cycle Restriction Point: A Mathematical Analysis

A critical decision in the mammalian cell cycle is whether to pass through the restriction point (R-point) or enter the cell cycle. In this letter, we modeled the decision-making system of the mammalian cell cycle entry and the simulated circadian regulation of the R-point driven by external epithelial growth factor (EGF) patterns. Our conceptual model replicated key signaling behaviors observed experimentally, suggesting that the proposed network captured the essential system features. The model revealed the dramatic importance of the EGF dynamics on promoting cell proliferation, showed that the EGF signal duration was more important than the signal strength for driving cells past the R-point, and suggested that the loss of circadian control of the cell cycle entry could be associated with cancer development.
MR and CT of Lacunar Infarcts

Twenty-two patients with clinical signs and symptoms compatible with lacunar transient ischemic attack or stroke of varying chronicity were evaluated with MR imaging. CT was also performed in 21 of these patients. MR revealed small, deep cerebral lesions in locations appropriate to the clinical symptoms in 19 patients. Lacunar infarcts were imaged by CT in 11 patients; however, no lesions were identified on CT that were not detected with MR. Presumed lacunar infarcts were identified on MR images in 17 additional patients. Lacunae generally appeared as focal areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and as focal areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. T2-weighted MR images detected a greater number of lacunar infarcts than did mixed T1-/T2-weighted images, which in turn detected more lacunae than did T1-weighted images. In general, acute lacunar infarcts (within 1 week of onset or recurrence of clinical symptoms) were seen only on T2-weighted images, while chronic lesions (more than 1 week) were seen on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Our results indicate that MR is superior to CT for evaluating lacunar infarcts, and second, that T2-weighted images are more sensitive than T1- and mixed T1-/T2-weighted images for detecting lacunar infarcts.
Pharmacoeconomics of propofol in anesthesia

Pharmacoeconomic data on the use of propofol in anesthesia are reviewed, with consideration of clinical characteristics that affect overall costs. Propofol is more expensive than many other anesthetics but its use can affect the costs of perioperative care as well as costs not directly related to the health care system, such as those associated with time off work. Using propofol can result in earlier discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), which can result in lower PACU costs. Anesthesia induction and maintenance with propofol versus barbiturates for induction and volatile anesthetics for maintenance have been associated with a lower frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the immediate postoperative period. A reduced frequency of PONV may improve the ability to increase patient flow through the PACU, which may reduce PACU costs. The cost of treating PONV in the PACU might not be high enough to justify the use of more expensive agents such as propofol solely for their reduced propensity to cause PONV. Propofol use has been associated with significantly shorter times to extubation of cardiac-surgery patients compared with the use of other agents. Early extubation has, in turn, been associated with shorter hospital stays, shorter stays in the cardiac intensive care unit, and lower hospital charges. Policy changes regarding criteria for discharge from the PACU may need to be implemented if the economic advantages of propofol are to be realized. Anesthesia with propofol, compared with other agents, has been associated with shorter stays in the PACU. Whether using propofol decreases the costs of care is unclear.
Allozyme frequency changes associated with selection for increased grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.).

ABSTRACT Frequency changes of alleles at eight enzyme loci were monitored in four long-term maize selection experiments. The results indicate that changes in frequencies of the alleles at these loci are associated with changes due to selection for improved grain yield. The frequencies changed more than is consistent with the hyFothesis of selective neutrality. In addition, significant deviations from a random-drift model were nearly always accompanied by significant linear tiends as would result ii allozyme frequencies respond to directional selection. Evaluations of linkages aiid linkage disequilibria in the selected populations indicate that the eight enzyme loci responded independently as selection progressed.
Integrated double sided cooling packaging of planar SiC power modules

A packaging scheme for the integrated power electronics building block is developed, that incorporates double sided direct cooling (forced air or liquid) into assembly comprised of multiple planar packaged power silicon carbide (SiC) phase leg modules. The power modules feature three-dimensional (3-D) planar electrical interconnection and dual exposed cooling surfaces through bonding of power dies between two sandwiched substrates with attached pin-fin cold plates. The unique coolant manifolds, providing matched cooling passages to the modules, were designed and fabricated by using newly developed additive manufacture (three dimensional, 3-D printing) technology. By combining these packaging attributes, advanced SiC power converters integrating both functions of electrical interconnection and cooling that achieve 75% reduction in parasitic electrical impedance and 40% reduction in thermal resistance have been produced. The advantages of this SiC packaging scheme in cost-effectiveness, power conversion efficiency, power density of power electronics systems in modern electric drive vehicles are demonstrated by evaluating the 100A, 1200V SiC half-bridge power module assemblies.
Measuring the social impacts associated with Super Bowl XLIII: Preliminary development of a psychic income scale

Abstract Sport mega-events have taken on an elevated profile and assumed a key role as urban and regional development strategies. While a number of studies have investigated the potential impacts of these events, most (not surprisingly) have focused on economic, rather than non-economic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the non-economic features associated with a high profile mega-event in the United States. Based on Crompton's (2004) psychic income paradigm and a comprehensive review of the extant literature, this article describes the development and validation of a self-report scale designed to measure the psychological impact of Super Bowl XLIII on the residents of Tampa Bay, Florida. The research method followed standard scale development techniques. Initial scale validation (i.e., face and content validity) was assessed through a panel of experts and a field test. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted; the results of which revealed that mega-event psychological impact can be examined using 22 items under five factors: (1) community pride as a result of enhanced image, (2) enhanced community attachment, (3) event excitement, (4) community excitement, and (5) pride in efforts to improve community infrastructure.
Trivariate Cr Polynomial Macroelements

Trivariate Cr macroelements defined in terms of polynomials of degree 8r + 1 on tetrahedra are analyzed. For r = 1,2, these spaces reduce to well-known macroelement spaces used in data fitting and in the finite-element method. We determine the dimension of these spaces, and describe stable local minimal determining sets and nodal minimal determining sets. We also show that the spaces approximate smooth functions to optimal order.
Influence of cooling rate on phase formation in spray-formed H13 tool steel

Abstract Spray forming is an effective way to process many tool steels into near-net-shape molds, dies, and related tooling. The general approach involves depositing atomized droplets onto a refractory pattern in order to image the pattern's features. The pattern is removed and the die insert is mounted in a standard mold base or holding block. This approach results in significant cost and lead-time savings compared to conventional machining. Spray-formed dies perform well in many industrial forming operations, oftentimes exhibiting extended die life compared to conventional dies of the same material and design. Care must be exercised when spray forming tool steel dies to minimize porosity and control the nature and distribution of phases and residual stresses. Selection of post-deposition heat treatment is important to tailor the die's properties (hardness, strength, impact energy, etc.) for a particular application. This paper examines how the cooling rate during spray processing and heat treatment of H13 tool steel influences phase formation. Porosity and hardness were evaluated over a range of deposit cooling rates and residual stresses were evaluated for a die in the as-deposited condition. Finally, the performance of spray-formed dies during production runs in forging, extrusion, and die casting is described.
Molecular building block approaches to chiral porous zirconium phosphonates for asymmetric catalysis

Abstract Porous zirconium phosphonates containing chiral dihydroxy functionalities have been synthesized via a building block approach. Enantiopure atropisomeric bisphosphonic acids of various lengths, L1–L3, were first synthesized starting from 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) in multi-step sequences. Amorphous chiral porous zirconium phosphonates were then obtained by refluxing BINOL-derived bisphosphonic acids with Zr(OnBu)4 in n-BuOH, and have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state CP-MAS 31 P NMR, IR, TGA, adsorption measurements, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and microanalyses. These zirconium phosphonates have empirical formulae of (Zr-L1–3)·xH2O (x=4 or 5), and exhibit BET surface areas ranging from 431 to 586 m2/g. In combination with Ti(OiPr)4, these zirconium phosphonates have been used to heterogeneously catalyze the additions of diethylzinc to a wide range of aromatic aldehydes with high conversions and e.e. of up to 72%. This work represents a novel approach towards heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis. The tunability of such a molecular building block approach promises to lead to practically useful heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic processes.
Social judgments by children of short stature.

Recent psychiatric literature suggests that short stature in childhood may be associated with poor social judgment and a lack of adaptive competitiveness. In the present study these personal charac...
The Philosophical Outlook for Character Education

(1936). The Philosophical Outlook for Character Education. Religious Education: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 37-40.
Quantification Of Leakage In Microvessels Using Entropy

This paper describes the use of entropy to quantify leakage of large molecules in a microvascular system. This measure can be used as a global parameter to characterize leakage. A software package for analysis of a sequence of images comprising leakage in rat cremaster tissue has been developed. The analysis is based on the statistics of both gray level components and frequency components of the images. Results show that entropy provides a better measure of leakage because it does not depend on variation in illumination or translation and rotation of image objects. Moreover entropy based on frequency components provides a more sensitive leakage measure than entropy based on gray level components.
Polariton condensates: A feature rather than a bug

Recent work on Bose–Einstein condensation of short-lived 'quasiparticles' in solid-state systems opens up the new field of non-equilibrium condensates.
Total synthesis and structural elucidation of azaspiracid-1. Final assignment and total synthesis of the correct structure of azaspiracid-1

The molecular structure of azaspiracid-1, a neurotoxin isolated from mussels, has been elucidated by total synthesis which also enriched its supplies. The degradatively derived fragments of this marine biotoxin, compounds 5 (EFGHI), 6 (FGHI), and 40 (ABCD), were matched with synthetic materials, thus confirming their structural identities. Based on this detective work, a new structure of azaspiracid-1 (i.e., 1) was proposed and constructed by total synthesis. The final strategy for the total synthesis of azaspiracid-1 featured a dithiane anion (C(21)-C(27) fragment) reacting with a pentafluorophenol ester (C(1)-C(20) fragment) followed by a Stille-type union of an advanced allylic acetate substrate (C(1)-C(27) fragment) with a vinyl stannane as the main coupling processes to assemble the carbon skeleton of the molecule. In addition to the total synthesis of azaspiracid-1 (1), the syntheses of its C(1)-C(20) epimer (2) and of several truncated analogues for biological investigations are described.
Rigorous surface enhanced Raman spectral characterization of large-area high-uniformity silver-coated tapered silica nanopillar arrays.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been increasingly utilized as an analytical technique with significant chemical and biological applications (Qian et al 2008 Nat. Biotechnol. 26 83; Fujita et al 2009 J. Biomed. Opt. 14 024038; Chou et al 2008 Nano Lett.8 1729; Culha et al 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 6196; Willets K A 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 85; Han et al 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 1719; Sha et al 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 17214). However, production of a robust, homogeneous and large-area SERS substrate with the same ultrahigh sensitivity and reproducibility still remains an important issue. Here, we describe a large-area ultrahigh-uniformity tapered silver nanopillar array made by laser interference lithography on the entire surface of a 6 inch wafer. Also presented is the rigorous optical characterization method of the tapered nanopillar substrate to accurately quantify the Raman enhancement factor, uniformity and repeatability. An average homogeneous enhancement factor of close to 108 was obtained for benzenethiol adsorbed on a silver-coated nanopillar substrate.
Cross sections for J, m/sub J/. -->. J', m/sub J/' transitions within the 4 /sup 2/P states of potassium induced by collisions with He, Ne, and Kr

We have used selective excitation and monitoring of individual (J,m/sub J/) Zeeman sublevels of the 4 /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ and 4 /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ states of K at 22 kG and 131 kG to measure (J,m/sub J/..-->..J', m/sub J/') transition cross sections for K colliding with He, Ne, and Kr at 380 K. The results, translated into irreducible tensor cross sections for depolarization are, in units of 10/sup -16/ cm/sup 2/: /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/; ..lambda../sup 1//sub 3/2/(He) = 97 +- 13; ..lambda../sup 2//sub 3/2/(He) = 130 +- 17; ..lambda../sup 3//sub 3/2/(He) = 99 +- 23 ..lambda../sup 1//sub 3/2/(Ne) = 103 +- 10; ..lambda../sup 2//sub 3/2/(Ne) = 146 +- 14; ..lambda../sup 3//sub 3/2/ (Ne) = 111 +- 14 ..lambda../sup 1//sub 3/2/(Kr) = 270 +- 24; ..lambda../sup 2//sub 3/2/(Kr) = 341 +- 29; ..lambda../sup 3//sub 3/2/(Kr) = 276 +- 30 /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/; ..lambda../sup 1//sub 1/2/(He) = 45 +- 5 ..lambda../sup 1//sub 1/2/(Ne) = 56 +- 6 ..lambda../sup 1//sub 1/2/(Kr) = 81 +- 6. The measured total cross sections for intramultiplet transitions, sigma/sup 0//sub 1/2/(/sup 2/P/sub 1/2/..-->../sup 2/P/sub 3/2/) and sigma/sup 0//sub 3/2/ (/sup 2/P/sub 3/2/..-->.. /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/), are, in units of 10/sup -16/ cm/sup 2/: sigma/sup 0//sub 1/2/(He) = 36.5more » +- 9.5; sigma/sup 0//sub 3/2/(He) = 18.7 +- 7 sigma/sup 0//sub 3/2/(Ne) = 5.9 +- 2.6 sigma/sup 0//sub 3/2/(Kr) = 25 +- 7« less
Three dopaminergic polymorphisms are associated with academic achievement in middle and high school

Abstract Although academic achievement is a heritable construct, to date research has yet to explore its molecular genetic underpinnings. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the current longitudinal study investigated the associations between polymorphisms in three dopaminergic genes (DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4) and academic achievement during middle and high school (Ns ranged between 622 and 2181). Findings revealed statistically significant associations between the three dopaminergic polymorphisms and a composite genetic risk index with English, math, history, and science grades.
Composition and Sensory Characterization of Red Raspberry Juice Concentrated by Direct-Osmosis or Evaporation

Raspberries were processed into juice and concentrated to 45 o Brix by two processes Osmotek's cold, direct-osmotic concentration process and conventional evaporative technology. Compositional analyses included pH, titratable acidity, formol value, total anthocyanin pigment, polymeric color, and nonvolatile acid, sugar and anthocyanin pigment profiles. Concentration by either process resulted in small anthocyanin pigment losses and formation of fumaric acid and small increases of polymerized pigment. The aroma and flavor of the experimental samples and nine commercial concentrates were evaluated in a raspberry drink formulation by a trained descriptive flavor panel. Principal component analysis revealed no significant flavor differences between the single-strength juice, the concentrates and three of the commericial samples
Perceptions of Approved Clinical Instructors: Barriers in the Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice

Context: As evidence-based practice (EBP) becomes prevalent in athletic training education, the barriers that Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) experience in implementing it with students need t...
Remark on the Yukawa sector of the standard model.

The Goldstone-fermion interaction in the standard model is examined. We show that massless fermions still couple to Goldstone particles. An application in the technicolor model shows that electronlike quarks should couple to pions.
RES blockade: A strategy for boosting efficiency of nanoparticle drug

Summary Nanoparticles have been intensely pursued for drug delivery for three decades, but their delivery efficiency remains low despite numerous innovations in nanoparticle manufacturing including materials, particle size, surface physicochemistry and targeting moieties. A major reason for this shortfall is their unintended uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the liver, spleen, lung, lymph nodes, etc. , which competes with the intended targets. Here we demonstrate a temporary blockade of RES by commercial liposome to substantially delay blood clearance and increase tumor accumulation of small sized, PEGylated nanoparticles. RES-blockade dramatically enhanced therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel-containing nanoparticles against human prostate cancer: substantial tumor cell kill was detected within 48 h of administration by diffusion MRI and a remarkably longer tumor growth delay was achieved in comparison with nanoparticle treatment alone. Importantly, RES-blockade did not result in any weight loss or impairment of liver function, neither did it jeopardize RES-mediated host defense. Cellular and molecular studies have revealed blockade mechanisms, suggesting this safe and effective blockade strategy has broad utility.
Stabilization and onset of sawteeth in TFTR.

Measurements from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) of the q profile using motional Stark effect polarimetry and the pressure profiles have allowed detailed comparison of both supershots and L-mode discharges to theoretical models describing the stability of sawteeth. In TFTR supershots sawteeth are usually absent, whereas in L-mode discharges they are generally present, and in both cases q(0) is less than 1. It has been found that the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$-stabilization criterion of the two-fluid collisionless m=1 reconnection mode agrees very well with the presence or absence of sawteeth in TFTR and no beta limits to the sawtooth stabilization have been observed.
Magnetohydrodynamic Angular Inertial Sensor

An angular acceleration sensor for control system stabilization is described. Magnetohydrodynamic principles are applied to develop a voltage in a toroid of mercury having a permanent magnet field and electrodes. The transfer function'is given by e/? = Ks2 /(s + 1/T).
BibNetMiner: mining bibliographic information networks

Online bibliographic databases, such as DBLP in computer science and PubMed in medical sciences, contain abundant information about research publications in different fields. Each such database forms a gigantic information network (hence called BibNet), connecting in complex ways research papers, authors, conferences/journals, and possibly citation information as well, and provides a fertile land for information network analysis. Our BibNetMiner is designed for sophisticated information network mining on such bibliographic databases. In this demo, we will take the DBLP database as an example, demonstrate several attractive functions of BibNetMiner, including clustering, ranking and profiling of conferences and authors based on the research subfields. A user-friendly, visualization-enhanced interface will be provided to facilitate interactive exploration of a bibliographic database. This project will serve as an example to demonstrate the power of links in information network mining. Since the dataset is large and the network is heterogeneous, such a study will benefit the research on the analysis of massive heterogeneous information networks.
The methoxychlor metabolite, HPTE, inhibits rat luteal cell progesterone production.

Abstract The methoxychlor metabolite, HPTE, was shown to inhibit P450-cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc) activity resulting in decreased progesterone production by cultured ovarian follicular cells in previous studies. It is not known whether HPTE has any effect on progesterone formation by the corpus luteum. Results Exposure to 100 nM HPTE reduced progesterone production by luteal cells with progressive declines to
Gonadal stromal or sertoli cell tumor

Abstract The seventieth case of gonadal stromal tumor is reported. The pathologic and histogenic aspects are discussed.
Physiology of the alveolar surface network.

The alveolar surface network (ASN) is the totally fluid intraacinar conformation of the alveolar surface liquid (ASL) continuum circulating, both in series and in parallel, through ultrathin (to 99:1) cannot be duplicated by the conventional theories and models of an open 'alveolar lining layer'. The unfortunate research technologies upon which these theories and models have been formulated have, indeed, obfuscated recognition of the ASN in vivo. They are also presented and critiqued in this review.
Genome-wide association study of the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Background Substantial interindividual variability exists in the disease trajectories of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Some decline rapidly whereas others decline slowly, and there are no known explanations for this variability. We describe the first genome-wide association study to examine rate of cognitive decline in a sample of AD patients with longitudinal measures of cognition. Methods The discovery sample was 303 AD cases recruited in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the replication sample was 323 AD cases from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. In the discovery sample, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale responses were tested for association with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using linear regression. We tested the 65 most significant SNPs from the discovery sample for association in the replication sample. Results We identified SNPs in the spondin 1 gene ( SPON1 ), the minor alleles of which were significantly associated with a slower rate of decline (rs11023139, P = 7.0 × 10 −11 ) in the discovery sample. A SPON1 SNP 5.5 kb upstream was associated with decline in the replication sample (rs11606345, P = .002). Conclusion SPON1 has not been previously associated with AD risk, but is plausibly related because the gene product binds to the amyloid precursor protein and inhibits its cleavage by β-secretase. These data suggest that SPON1 may be associated with the differential rate of cognitive decline in AD.