cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central integration effects with stabilized afterimages

Prolonged patterned afterimages were used to study integration effects in stabilized images. Seven Ss were presented with various configurations of a pattern through a prism stereoscope, both monocularly and binocularly. Some of the fragmentations and regenerations reported in the binocular condition could only have resulted as a function of organization of the inputs to the two eyes, suggesting that postretinal processes are operative in stabilized image phenomena.
Age- and sex-dependent isozyme expression in a Wisconsin population of adult alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

A study of isozyme variability within a population of adult alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), revealed that the isozyme expression of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 3 of the 15 enzymes examined, appeared to vary with time (season) of collection. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare the expression of G6PDH, AO, and LDH in newly eclosed adult weevils with expression of the three enzymes in overwintered adults from the same generation. A sample of the subsequent generation of adults was reared in the laboratory and tested from 7 to 90 days after adult eclosion to investigate whether changes in isozyme expression during the adult stage were associated with diapause, reproductive maturation, or overwintering. Frequencies of two isozymes of G6PDH (G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2) and two isozymes of AO (AO-1 and AO-2) were different in weevils of different ages. The isozyme G6PDH-2 was present in 82–92% of newly eclosed weevils, whereas G6PDH-1 was present in 85–100% of both overwintered weevils and laboratory-reared weevils >60 days old. Newly eclosed weevils expressed only AO-2, whereas weevils just entering diapause expressed AO-1 and AO-2 simultaneously. Laboratory-reared weevils >60 days old expressed only AO-1, but AO-2 was present in 91% of overwintered males and 100% of overwintered females. Expression of an isozyme of LDH (LDH-H) was detected in all male weevils >60 days old, whether laboratory-reared or overwintered. No LDH-H was detected in young males or female weevils of any age. Thus, isozyme expression in adult alfalfa weevils can be influenced by developmental age (G6PDH, AO, and LDH), environmental conditions (AO), and sex (LDH). These results suggest that interpretation of electrophoretic phenotypes in insects be made with recognition of these potential effects.
Application of singular value decomposition for integral equation procedures in MIMICAD

An efficient moment method procedure which utilizes a point matching scheme together with a generalized inverse is formulated and implemented with the use of the singular value decomposition. The integral representation of Green's functions and a combination of semi-infinite and subdomain expansion functions are used to formulate the numerical technique required to solve for the scattering parameters of planar microstrip multiports. Scattering parameters of typical microstrip discontinuities computed by utilizing this procedure are presented and compared with known published results. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New insights into adenosine receptor modulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

The cardioprotective effects of adenosine in numerous experimental models have been well described and there is evidence that adenosine is beneficial in the clinical setting. However, the exact mechanism by which adenosine exerts its beneficial effects in reversibly and irreversibly injured myocardium has not been determined. In addition, with the exception of the A 1 receptor, there is not universal agreement on the involvement of adenosine receptor subtypes. This review summarizes recent findings in our laboratory on the role of the A 3 and A 2a receptors in adenosine cardioprotection and compartmentation of cardiomyocyte adenosine receptor signaling.
Children's perceptions of behavior problem peers: Effects of teacher feedback and peer-reputed status

Abstract In a Reputation × Feedback × Actor type (3 × 3 × 3) design, we examined the influence of teacher feedback on children's evaluations of a hypothetical peer presented as having one of three reputations. The subjects (91 first and second graders) listened to an audiotape in which two boys described five hypothetical peers. Reputation information (liked, neutral, disliked) varied for only one of the actors (the target); the others were described in neutral terms. Then the subjects watched a videotape of the five boys in a classroom scene. In the video, two actors exhibited behavior consistent with that of rejected, behavior problem children; the three other actors behaved appropriately. Teacher feedback to one of the behavior problem actors (target) varied across three conditions: (a) positive, (b) neutral, and (c) derogatory feedback. Analyses specific to the target actor revealed a significant effect of feedback, with no effect of reputation or its interaction with feedback. Feedback produced differential perceptions of the target actor across feedback conditions and had a discriminative influence on the subjects' perceptions of the other actors. Methodological improvements of the reputation manipulation and implications for classroom intervention are discussed.
Dynamic and equilibrium surface tension of aqueous surfactant and polymeric solutions

Abstract Dynamic and equilibrium surface tension data for aqueous solutions of four surfactants and two polymers are experimentally obtained using the maximum bubble pressure method. The additives employed are SDS, SLES, Triton X-100, Triton X-305, HEC QP-300, and Carbopol 934. Measurements are obtained at a surface age of 50 ms, which represents the dynamic conditions for bubble frequencies that are typically observed during nucleate boiling of water. To understand the additive adsorption/desorption kinetics during boiling, dynamic surface tension σ measurements at 80°C are also obtained. The results indicate significant differences between the dynamic and equilibrium σ values, as well as between those measured at room and elevated temperatures. Adsorption isotherms with surface tension and concentration normalized by the respective values at critical micelle concentration are shown to represent the generalized behavior of surfactants. In the case of aqueous polymer solutions, the surface-active nonionic polymer HEC is seen to exhibit surfactant-like behavior. For the high viscosity Carbopol 934 solutions, however, measured dynamic σ values are found to be significantly higher than the actual values due to the viscous resistance offered by the test fluid against the growing bubble. A correction procedure is specified, and corrected values of dynamic σ are obtained for Carbopol 934 solutions; for HEC solutions, because of their less viscous nature, this correction shows no significant change.
The kinetics of electrogeneration of (dimethylpyrrolidinium)(Pb5)

Abstract The reduction of dimethylpyrrolidinium (DMP'+) at Pb cathodes was investigated. It consisted of deposition of a monolayer followed by bulk deposition of DMP(Pb5). Both processes were found to involve nucleation and growth phenomena. The deposition of the bulk product was found to proceed via three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation and hemispherical growth, and the number of nuclei and rates of nucleation were calculated. This is analogous to the mechanism of reduction of DMP+ at Hg cathodes and the kinetics of formation of DMP(Pb5) and DMP(Hg5) were compared. It was found that the rates of nucleation at Pb were much slower than those at Hg.
Photostimulation of H2 production in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon photoinhibition of its O2-evolving system

Abstract A brief exposure (15–30 min) of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells to high-intensity light ( 2000 μ mol m - 2 s - 1 ) was accompanied by rapid suppression of photosynthetic O 2 evolution. The decline in the rate of O 2 evolution was followed by stimulation of H 2 production under light of 15 μ mol m - 2 s - 1 . The effect was dependent on light intensity and cell suspension density. It appears that photoinhibition of photosynthetic O 2 evolution led to anaerobiosis that is favorable for H 2 production.
Improving Radiologist-IT Staff Communications and Collaboration Through a Shadowing Project

It is important for radiology practices to have efficient and skillful IT staff to provide support for issues that arise during patient care. However, an anecdotal barrier exists between radiologists and IT staff that can hinder the delivery of this care, either by lengthening the time required to solve problems with the IT infrastructure or not bringing critical issues to the IT staff’s attention. We first created a survey of the radiologists and IT staff in our department to investigate this barrier, and found that there was, at baseline, a significant difference in how one group viewed the other, and, at times, there were irrational expectations from either party of what their counterparts were responsible for or capable of. We then instituted a shadowing project, whereby radiologists shadowed IT staff and vice versa, in order to give each group a better understanding of the others’ daily workflows. We gave the participants a post-intervention survey to assess their experiences, which were markedly positive. In one case, an IT issue regarding pre-fetching of cardiovascular studies was, in fact, solved during the shadowing session.
The Spectrochemical Analysis of High Purity Gallium

Gallium is separated from its impurities by solvent extraction of the HGaCl4 complex with isopropyl ether from 6-7 N HCl. Two extractions suffice to lower the Ga concentration to negligible amounts. The volume of the HCl phase after extraction is reduced and a measured portion dried on waxed graphite electrodes. The spectra are excited with a condensed spark and photographed. Maximum sensitivities reported are (parts impurity per million parts gallium). Al - .03, Ca - .03, Cr - .06, Cu - .015, Pb - .06, Mg - .015, Ni - .06, Zn - .12. The coefficient of variation of measurement varies from 3.6% for Cu to 14.8% for Pb.
Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere

Like watching a balloon borne by the breeze, a Lagrangian model tracks a parcel of air as it flows through the atmosphere. Whether running forward or backward in time, Lagrangian models offer a powerful tool for tracking and understanding the fates, or origins, of atmospheric flows. In the AGU monograph Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere, editors John Lin, Dominik Brunner, Christoph Gerbig, Andreas Stohl, Ashok Luhar, and Peter Webley explore the nuances of the modeling technique. In this interview Eos talks to Lin about the growing importance of Lagrangian modeling as the world settles on climate change mitigation strategies, the societal value of operational modeling, and how recent advances are making it possible to run these complex calculations at home.
Conduction Block in Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Different Dose–Response Characteristics for Reversal by 4-Aminopyridine

Abstract The effect of the potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), on conduction of action potentials in injured guinea pig spinal cord axons was measured using isolated tracts in oxygenated Krebs' solution at 37°C. The dose–response characteristics of acutely and chronically injured axons were compared. The maximal improvement of conduction occurred in acutely injured axons at a concentration of 100 μM 4-AP, but in chronically injured spinal cord at 10 μM. The threshold for significant response to 4-AP was between 0.5 and 1 μM in chronically injured cords, and between 1 and 10 μM following acute compression injury. The difference in susceptibility to potassium channel blockade may be related to underlying differences in the mechanism of conduction block at the two stages of injury. Initially, junctions between axons and myelin are acutely disrupted, altering primarily the leakage resistance of the myelin sheath and periaxonal space. In chronically injured cords, there is widespread but incomplete process of repair in the lesion site, which leaves many axons partially myelinated. The difference in sensitivity to 4-AP suggests there is also some modification of the accessibility of axonal potassium channel or a change in their affinity for the drug.
Velocity Power Spectra from Cross-field Turbulence in the Proton Kinetic Regime

Numerical hybrid simulations with particle protons and fluid electrons are conducted for turbulent fluctuations with spatial variations in a plane perpendicular to the background magnetic field. In the turbulent phase, the proton bulk velocity spectrum has a dissipation range starting at a smaller wavenumber than the magnetic spectrum dissipation range. The steepened portion of the proton bulk velocity spectrum is constrained to a smaller wavenumber with an increasing ratio of background proton plasma to magnetic pressure {beta}{sub p}. The form of the magnetic spectrum does not depend on {beta}{sub p}. The collisionless proton and fluctuation interaction which heats protons mainly across the magnetic field is deemed to be the result of a viscous-like interaction based, in part, on the dependence of the velocity spectrum on {beta}{sub p}.
Temperature Programmed Desorption of Hydrogen and Deuterium from Cvd Diamond Samples

The desorption kinetics of H{sub 2}, HD, and D{sub 2} from a CVD- grown diamond sample have been measured using temperature programmed desorption. The sample was exposed to hydrogen and deuterium at {approximately}100K. Molecular hydrogen does not react with the diamond surface but atomic hydrogen chemisorbs. The sample is then heated to 1500 K at a rate of 6 K/s. The hydrogen desorption spectrum from these polycrystalline specimens is surprisingly simple, consisting of a single peak near 1270 K for all coverages studied. The width of the desorption peak is {approximately}100K. Neither the width nor the peak maximum shift with increasing hydrogen coverage. The is no isotope effect to the desorption. No other desorption products (water, small hydrocarbons) are detected. Kinetic parameters can be extracted from these spectra, and these can be compared to hydrogen desorption from natural diamond single crystal surfaces. These parameters can be used to model diamond growth processes.
Substance Use Disorder Education for Medical Students: Reflections on Our Betty Ford Institute Training Experience

This article shares the personal reflections of four 3rd-year medical students and two faculty members from the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center who participated in the Summer Institute for Medical Students (SIMS) program provided by the Betty Ford Institute. The SIMS program is a one-week experiential program of participating in treatment activities with patients and their family members at the Betty Ford Center as well as educational instruction on addiction as a treatable disease. We would like to share how the SIMS experience affected us as professionals and individuals and how we will incorporate this experience in our future efforts as health care providers and educators.
Antenna designs and testing

Various efficient electrically small antennas have been designed based on metamaterial shells and metamaterial-inspired structures. Several metamaterial-inspired antennas have been fabricated and the results have confirmed the design predictions. The Z antenna, a simplified version of the metamaterial-inspired 2D electric EZ antenna, has been designed and tested successfully. The experimentally tested design of this resonant near-field parasitic element, coax-fed monopole antenna will be discussed; its predicted performance and comparisons with experimental results will be reviewed and presented.
Probabilistic Load Flow Based on Cumulant Method Considering Multi-Slack Balance

With constant improvement of intermittent energy source, its agglomeration effect and stochastic volatility will greatly influence the power system operation. It’s an inexorable trend that probabilistic power flow calculation shifts from offline analysis to real-time operation online. Among all probabilistic trend algorithms, probability flow calculation based on cumulant method is the fastest one; it has better prospect of online application. However, it requires random variables independent to each other, so the single slack bus always undertakes all unbalance power in conventional cumulant methods. When the fluctuation of system power injection becomes larger and larger, this calculation model will hardly adapted to the actual demand of the grid in the future. To improve the practicability, a improvement of probabilistic load flow based on cumulant method is proposed in this paper. By modify the calculation of the sensitivity matrix, the distribution of system unbalance power can be considered. The accuracy of this method is verified by the simulated analysis of the standard examples and actual power system model.
Risk Analysis of Biofuels Industry for Aviation with Scenario-Based Expert Elicitation

The aviation sector relies almost exclusively on petroleum-derived fuels at the present time. Due to concerns including national security, long-term availability of crude oil feedstock, and environmental impacts, there is an increasing interest in identifying alternatives to conventional jet fuel. Viable alternatives must meet a number of criteria, related to quality and quantity of supply, cost-competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. Priorities for diverse industry initiatives for the development of a biojet fuel industry are influenced by uncertainties including environmental regulation, market prices of crude oil and refinery products, and competition from other industries. This work uses scenario-based preferences to elicit and inform decision makers on the combinations of emergent and future conditions that are most impactful to the priorities for the industry. The analysis also reveals which initiatives are robust to evolving political, economic, and technological conditions, thus supporting decision-making relevant to establishing a secure supply of biojet fuel. The method and its results are helpful to the generation of systems engineering requirements recognizing key sources of risk for an emerging industry.
Prevalence of Joint Symptoms in Patients with Breast Cancer Taking Aromatase Inhibitors (S766)

nurses (n1⁄4 37), and secondary participants, such as physicians (n 1⁄4 22). Sources of data included semi-structured interviews, extensive field observations, and review of artifacts. Dedoose v.4.5.91 supported analysis of transcripts using an a priori coding schema that mapped to the research questions, interview guide, an adapted model of MD, and thematic concepts that emerged from fieldnotes. Open coding was also used as concepts emerged from the analysis. Results. Participants described significant workrelated distress, due to lack of resources, limited opportunities for professional development, complex power dynamics, and the emotional burden of bearing witness to suffering. The moral dimension to this distress was less clear. Key themes included: ‘‘we feel bad,’’ ‘‘we are alone and afraid,’’ ‘‘we are helpless,’’ and ‘‘we leave it.’’ Conclusions. Limited evidence of an association between MD and opioid availability was found. The concept of MD may be less relevant in settings where alternative courses of action are unknown, or not feasible, and where expectations for patient advocacy differ. Implications for research, policy, or practice. Initiatives to support palliative care nurses in lower income countries must be situated within the unique sociocultural realities of their practice and account for perceived moral obligations in the care of patients. Potential strategies include long-term collaborative engagement, rolemodeling, and targeting ‘‘unexpected’’ audiences.
Island Arc Carbonates from the Silurian Heceta Formation of Southeastern Alaska (Alexander Terrane)

ABSTRACT The Heceta Formation of Early to Late Silurian age forms part of a well-preserved Paleozoic island arc sequence that is exposed within the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska. Limestones and limestone breccias predominate within the formation and are interbedded with polymictic conglomerates and volcaniclastic sandstones. These deposits conformably overlie the Lower Ordovician-Lower Silurian Descon Formation, which is characterized by volcaniclastic wackes and mudstones that accumulated as turbidites in a deep-water setting. Interbedded with the turbidite deposits are basalt-andesite pillow flows and volcanic breccias that formed during incipient stages of island arc construction. The limestones within the Heceta Formation record the earliest occurrence of widespread carbonate deposition within the arc. Although previously described as having only a shallow marine origin, the limestones can be differentiated into shallow-water platform, platform margin, and slope facies. Shallow-water deposits comprise a diversity of skeletal grains that are preserved as micritized fragments associated with cyanobacterial encrustations. They are also characterized by low-diversity brachiopod communities, Amphipora, and oncolites that have a predominance of dasycladacean alga nuclei. These units reflect restricted, quiet areas of deposition that were affected by intermittent turbulence on the platform. Stromatolitic buildups and stromatoporoid reefs constructed at the pla form margin generally are not preserved in situ. They occur predominantly as slumps that initiated carbonate debris flows and deformed the underlying slope deposits during periodic collapse of the platform margin. Graded skeletal grainstones containing shelly debris of shallow-water origin and finely laminated lime mudstones represent turbidites that were affected by synsedimentary deformation in a slope environment, as indicated by the convoluted bedding, slump folds, microfaults, and truncation surfaces. Rapid facies changes, shallowing- and deepening-upwards sequences, and thick polymictic conglomerates record phases of tectonism within the arc that periodically disrupted carbonate deposition. The predominance of cyanobacteria in the limestones suggests that these organisms were largely responsible for stabilizing the substratum by constructing stromatolitic buildups and encrusting skeletal debris during early stages in carbonate platform development and following periods of tectonic disturbance within the arc.
Zero Energy Storage Voltage Sag Correctors for Industrial Applications

Voltage sags represent perhaps the major cause of productivity loss for a wide range of industrial automation equipment and continuous processes. Various solutions are available to provide ride-through and to mitigate the impact of such power disturbances, including products such as UPS, DVR and DySC. Because it is prohibitively expensive to protect against all possible power disturbances, all sag correctors rely on a statistical approach to specifying which events will be protected against, and are based at least in part, on the principle of using stored energy to allow converter operation when a voltage-sag occurs. Based on an exhaustive analysis of significant voltage sags recorded mainly at larger industrial plants, it is seen that a new approach to sag correction can be identified that is more compact, has fewer catastrophic failure modes and potentially lower cost. The concept of a 'zero energy sag corrector' or ZESC is introduced, with analysis to compare the level of protection provided against other more established sag correctors. It is seen that the ZESC system protects susceptible equipment against over 96% of all power disturbances.
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended that is not from sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise. It ranges from the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks and fidgeting. NEAT can be measured by one of two approaches. The first approach is to measure or estimate total NEAT. Here, total daily energy expenditure is measured and from it is subtracted BMR + thermic effect of food. The second is the factoral approach whereby the components of NEAT are quantified and total NEAT calculated by summing these components. The amount of NEAT that human subjects perform represents the product of the amount and types of physical activities and the thermogenic cost of each activity. The factors that affect the NEAT of a human subject are readily divisible into biological factors, such as weight, gender and body composition, and environmental factors, such as occupation or dwelling within a 'concrete jungle'. The combined impact of these factors explains the substantial variance in human NEAT. The variability in NEAT might be viewed as random but human data contradict this perception. It appears that changes in NEAT subtly accompany experimentally-induced changes in energy balance and are important in the physiology of weight change. NEAT and sedentariness may thus be important in obesity. It then becomes intriguing to dissect mechanistic studies that delineate how NEAT is regulated by neural, peripheral and humoral factors. NEAT may be a carefully-regulated 'tank' of physical activity that is crucial for weight control.
Low contact resistance series MEMS switches

This paper reports on the design and development of a novel DC-contact MEMS switch for microwave applications. The switching operation utilizes two different forces: electrostatic and stress-induced forces. The former is employed as the actuation force, while the latter is responsible for achieving the actual DC contact. In particular, when no bias voltage is applied, the deformation of a metallic cantilever beam caused by residual gradient stress leads to a metal-to-metal contact. On the other hand, when a DC-voltage is applied between the cantilever beam and an actuation electrode, the cantilever deflects due to electrostatic force and the metallic contact ceases to exist. Contact resistance of less than 1 /spl Omega/ is demonstrated with this technique in the closed position, which corresponds to an RF insertion loss of 0.1-0.2 dB up to 40 GHz. In this switch the contact force does not depend on the actuation voltage and there is no DC potential across the closed contact, which constitute the main advantages of this design.
The Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression

Copyright: © 2013 Ruppert LM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression is the third most common cause of adult compressive myelopathy, after acute trauma and degenerative etiologies. In individuals with systemic cancer it is one of the most common neurologic complications, following the brain parenchymal metastases [1]. Epidural spinal cord compression can be caused by metastases from most primary malignancies. Solid tumors of the lung, breast, prostate and kidney, lymphoma and sarcoma, however, have a higher predisposition for spinal metastases [2].
A wake model for free-streamline flow theory. Part 1. Fully and partially developed wake flows and cavity flows past an oblique flat plate

A wake model for the free-streamline theory is proposed to treat the two-dimensional flow past an obstacle with a wake or cavity formation. In this model the wake flow is approximately described in the large by an equivalent potential flow such that along the wake boundary the pressure first assumes a prescribed constant under-pressure in a region downstream of the separation points (called the near-wake) and then increases continuously from this under-pressure to the given free-stream value in an infinite wake strip of finite width (the far-wake). Application of this wake model provides a rather smooth continuous transition of the hydrodynamic forces from the fully developed wake flow to the fully wetted flow as the wake disappears. When applied to the wake flow past an inclined flat plate, this model yields the exact solution in a closed form for the whole range of the wake under-pressure coefficient.
Advancing Nursing Research Through a Mentorship Program for Staff Nurses

This article describes a unique model of implementing unit-based research teams to provide staff nurses with knowledge, skills, and mentoring. The essential elements of designing and conducting a research study are emphasized in an effort to improve nursing practice and the quality of patient care. The research education and practicum are incorporated into team meetings. This unique model provides greater efficiency and effectiveness of resources and allows for more interactive education than occurs in traditional models. Unit-based nursing teams learn together to design research studies, test hypotheses, and answer clinically relevant research questions, using the scientific process.
Inflation and its Variability: Reply

(1993). Inflation and its variability: a reply. Applied Economics: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 47-48.
Activation of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 in Rat Aorta in Response to High Blood Pressure

We have previously demonstrated that acute hypertension induces heat shock protein gene expression in rat arterial wall. Here we provide evidence that this induction is mediated through the activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 in response to high blood pressure. Rats subjected to restraint or immobilization stress displayed an acute elevation in systolic pressure accompanied by an increase in heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression. Consistent with the rapid time course of mRNA induction, an increase in binding activity to an oligonucleotide encompassing a consensus heat shock element sequence was seen in protein extracts from aorta of restrained rats as assessed with gel mobility shift assays. A similar increase in DNA binding activity was also observed in aortic extracts from rats treated with various hypertensive agents, including phenylephrine, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. That the DNA binding activity was attributed to heat shock factor 1 was shown through use of antibodies to the transcription factor that retarded the DNA-protein complexes in gel mobility supershift assays. Western blot analysis of heat shock factor 1 protein expression in aortic extracts showed a slower mobility form of the protein in hypertensive rats, indicative of an activated, presumably phosphorylated, form of the transcription factor. These findings support the view that heat shock factor 1 is responsible for induction of heat shock protein 70 in the arterial wall during acute hypertension, a response that is likely to play an important role in protecting arteries during hemodynamic stress.
Function, Role and Disposition in Basic Formal Ontology

Numerous research groups are now utilizing Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as an upper-level framework to assist in the organization and integration of biomedical information. This paper provides elucidation of the three BFO categories of function, role, and disposition, and considers two proposed sub-categories of artifactual function and bio-logical function. The motivation is to help advance the coherent treatment of functions, roles, and dispositions, to help provide the potential for more detailed classification, and to shed light on BFO’s general structure and use.
Ishi's brain, ishi's ashes : anthropology and genocide

En reponse aux demandes recentes adressees par certains groupes amerindiens de Californie au Hearst (anciennement Lowie) Museum of Anthropology pour respecter la loi sur le rapatriement des objets sacres et des restes humains (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act - NAGPRA), l'A., chercheur au departement d'anthropologie de l'Universite de Californie (Berkeley), propose quelques reflexions critiques sur l'attitude des anthropologues face aux situations de genocide, d'ethnocide, ou d'autres formes d'extermination des peuples qui ont constitue les terrains de recherche de l'anthropologie. Ses propos se veulent etre une incursion dans le domaine de l'ethnologie engagee ou publique, un travail critique d'une anthropologue qui s'exprime et agit en tant que citoyen, mais informee par des principes anthropologiques. Centrant son analyse sur l'histoire d'Ishi - les relations entre Alfred Kroeber et Ishi, ainsi que les developpements contemporains des revendications amerindiennes - elle tente de mettre en lumiere les enseignements de cette histoire, pour la communaute des anthropologues, pour les Amerindiens, et pour leurs relations reciproques.
ACTIVE TILE SELF-ASSEMBLY, PART 2: SELF-SIMILAR STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL RECURSION

We introduce a mathematical framework to describe self-similarity and structural recursion within the active tile self-assembly model, thereby providing a connection between substitution tiling and algorithmic self-assembly. We show that one such structurally recursive assembly system can simulate the dynamics of the self-similar substitution tiling known as the L-shape tiling.
Contractor Prebid Planning Principles

Planning is an essential function of project management. Yet, many small- and medium-sized contractors do a relatively poor job of operational planning. Better prebid plans will reduce costs, shorten schedules, and improve labor productivity. Unfortunately, the published literature offers little guidance for smaller contractors on what constitutes effective planning. Most papers describe planning as a macrolevel process for owners. Most emphasize scope definition for industrial projects. This paper describes a microlevel planning process for contractors. It consists of eight steps which are: (1) assess contract risks; (2) develop a preliminary execution plan; (3) develop site layout plans; (4) identify the sequences that are essential-to-success; (5) develop detailed operational plans; (6) develop proactive strategies to assure construction input into design; (7) revise the preliminary plan; and (8) communicate and enforce the plan. The entire process is illustrated with a case study project and is fully illustrated with figures which show how to integrate the work of multiple contractors, keep key resources (crews or equipment) fully engaged with no downtime, provide time buffers so the work of follow on crews can be efficiently done, expedite the schedule using multiple work stations and concurrent work, ways to communicate the work plan to the superintendent and foremen, and how to assess the feasibility of various work methods. The steps are easy to understand and implement. They will yield immediate positive results.
Perpetrator Personality and Judgments of Acquaintance Rape

Laboratory research on rape has examined how the context of the offense and characteristics of the victim influence responsibility ascriptions. The present research examined the influence of the perpetrator's personality on such attributions. This study distinguished between evaluative (general likability) and descriptive (aggressiveness) components of the perpetrator's personality and assessed the effect of each on subjects' confidence of the perpetrator's guilt or innocence for an alleged acquaintance rape. Results showed that subjects were more confident in the defendant's guilt when he was described by cohorts as generally dislikable versus likable, and as aggressive versus unaggressive. Assessments of academic punishment and legal responsibility generally paralleled these findings. Females were more confident in the defendant's guilt, and this was particularly true when the defendant was described as aggressive.
Physiology of V-ATPases.

Protons migrate much faster than other ions through water, ice and water-lined membrane channels because they participate in hydrogen bonding and H/H20 exchange. Similarly, hydrogen bonding enables protons with amino, carbonyl, phosphoryl and sulfonyl residues to influence critically the charge, conformation and stability of proteins. Therefore, it is not surprising that regulation of proton concentration, or pH, is an essential requirement in biological systems. It is no surprise either that enzymes which regulate proton concentration (i.e. proton pumps) should have evolved or that evolution should have used these enzymes further, for energization of biological membranes. At present there appear to be three classes of ATP-hydrolyzing proton pumps, or HATPases, which were dubbed P-ATPases, F-ATPases and V-ATPases, by Pederson and Carafoli (1987). H-translocating P-ATPases, as well as the Na/K-ATPase of plasma membranes and the Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, form phosphoaspartyl intermediates and are inhibited by the phosphate analogue orthovanadate. F-ATPases are the proton-translocating ATP synthases of mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacterial plasma membranes and are inhibited by azide. V-ATPases (V-type ATPases or vacuolar H-ATPases) are the proton-translocating ATPases best known as acidifiers of cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. During reaction, they separate protons from gegenions, thus producing an electrical potential difference, A^P, across the membrane in which they reside. A ^ in turn can drive other ion movements, leading directly to acidification or alkalization and secondarily to salt transport and water movement. V-ATPases are inhibited by bafilomycin (in nanomolar concentrations) and A'-ethylmaleimide (in micromolar concentrations). In this paper the transport work that is accomplished when specific channels and porters are present in V-ATPase-energized membranes will be discussed using an intuitive thermodynamic analysis. Martin (1992) discusses similar cases using ionic circuit analysis. The two approaches provide complementary frameworks for understanding how the (output) compartment receiving protons from a V-ATPase can be rendered acidic, neutral or even alkaline, depending upon the selectivity of other carriers (porters) and channels present, upon the strength of the gegenions and upon the cellular and compartmental geometry. Encouragingly, both types of analysis lead to similar conclusions. Biochemical studies on V-ATPases were initiated on vacuolar membranes of fungi and plants and on clathrin-coated vesicles and other components of endomembrane systems (reviewed by Sze, 1985; Mellman etal. 1986; Nelson, 1988, 1989; Forgac, 1989; Stone et
Declarative Specification and Solution of Combinatorial Auctions Using Logic Programming

In a combinatorial auction problem bidders are allowed to bid on a bundle of items. The auctioneer has to select a subset of the bids so as to maximize the price it gets, and of course making sure that it does not accept multiple bids that have the same item as each item can be sold only once. In this paper we show how the combinatorial auction problem and many of its extensions can be expressed in logic programming based systems such as Smodels and dlv. We propose this as an alternative to the standard syntax specific specialized implementations that are much harder to modify and extend when faced with generalizations and additional constraints.
Enhancing lateral mass transport to improve the dynamic range of adsorption rates measured by surface plasmon resonance

Abstract Ligand/receptor binding kinetics on planar surfaces are often studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) but the range of measurable intrinsic sorption constants and surface capacities for macromolecules is limited by slow diffusive mass transport. This study examines stimulating transverse hydrodynamic diffusion as a new method to increase the range of measurable intrinsic rate constants or surface capacities. Expressions and operating conditions are developed which show that the new method can measure rate constants and surface capacities ⩾ 10 -fold higher than the existing capabilities. These developments are illustrated by identifying conditions to measure rapid adsorption rates of Adenovirus Type 5 and cytochrome c , respectively, on high-capacity planar surfaces and sorptive spheres.
Evaluation of the Micromodel: An Extremely Small-Scale Movable Bed Model

The micromodel is an extremely small physical river model having a movable bed, varying discharge, and numerous innovations to achieve quick answers to river engineering problems. In addition to its size being as small as 4 cm in channel width, the vertical scale distortion up to 20, Froude number exaggeration up to 3.7, and no correspondence of stage in model and prototype, place the micromodel in a category by itself. The writer was assigned to evaluate the micromodel’s capabilities and limitations to ensure proper application. A portion of this evaluation documents the deviation of the micromodel from similarity considerations used in previous movable bed models. The primary basis for this evaluation is the comparison of the micromodel to the prototype. The writer looked for comparisons that had (1) a reasonable calibration of the micromodel and (2) about the same river engineering structures constructed in the prototype that were tested in the micromodel and (3) a prediction by the micromodel of the a...
The Powers of the Guru: Sakti, "Mind," and Miracles in Narratives of Bengali Religious Experience

This article discusses oral accounts given by Bengali disciples of gurus in which the disciples relate their personal experiences of the extranormal powers of their preceptors, as manifested, for example, in psychic healing or in rebirth in the disciple's family. I propose that these experiences, crucial to the guru-disciple relationship, may be understood in terms of the indigenous concepts of divine power (Sakti), "experiential knowing" or "miracle" (anubhuti), and a unique concept of the "mind" (man), and that these experiences are meaningful because they are powerfully transformative of the disciple's "self" as culturally defined.
Weaning in the rat: a study of hormonal influences

The control of weaning was studied in rat pups aged 17-24 days. The influence of two hormones, thyroxine (T4) and corticosterone, and the effect of declining intestinal lactase activity were evaluated. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of n-propylthiouracil and hyperthyroidism was induced by injection of T4. Hypothyroid pups failed to begin nibbling chow while littermates injected with T4 weaned normally. Two abnormalities resulting from hypothyroidism, hypothermia and stunted incisors, were not responsible for the lack of weaning in hypothyroid pups. Hyperthyroidism did not cause precocious weaning. Glucocorticoid levels were manipulated by both adrenalectomy (ADX) and administration of corticosterone. ADX pups exhibited a delayed pattern of weaning while both ADX pups injected with corticosterone and sham-operated pups weaned normally. Corticosterone injected before its normal developmental surge did not cause precocious weaning. Lactase activity, measured throughout these experiments, did not consistently reflect the degree of weaning progression. We conclude that 1) the hormones, T4 and corticosterone, are necessary for the onset of weaning, but neither is a sufficient stimulus to initiate weaning, and 2) low lactase activity does not initiate weaning.
The Political and Economic Results of January 2013

January 2013 saw yet another surge in protests in Russia – now caused by Vladimir Putin’s approval, on New Year’s eve, of the draft law banning U.S. citizens to adopt Russian orphans (it should be noted that Russia’s authorities have so far failed to offer the orphans anything worth mentioning in return for the lost benefit). Russia’s authorities continued to busily erect some additional political barriers – this time by introducing the possibility for direct gubernatorial elections to be abolished by decision of regional legislatures. Private oil and gas companies were once again - and, in fact, for an indefinite length of time - denied the right to explore and exploit the resources of Russia’s continental shelf, thus dashing hopes that the Government might take a different decision on the matter. However, the Draft Law ‘On the Protection of the Population’s Health from the Effects of Tobacco Smoke…’ – which blatantly favored large retailers at the expense of small businesses – was somewhat mitigated; as a result, many types of small retail businesses will be able to continue trading in tobacco products.
The shape of Saturn’s Huygens ringlet viewed by Cassini ISS

Abstract A new model for the shape of the prominent eccentric ringlet in the gap exterior to Saturn’s B ring is developed based on Cassini imaging observations taken over about 8 years. Unlike previous analyses, the new model treats each edge of the ringlet separately. The Keplerian component of the model is consistent with results derived from Voyager observations, and m = 2 modes forced by the nearby Mimas 2:1 Lindblad resonance are seen. Additionally, a free m = 2 mode is seen on the outer edge of the ringlet. Significant irregular structure that cannot be described using normal-mode analysis is seen on the ringlet edges as well. Particularly on the inner edge, that structure remains coherent over multi-year intervals, moving at the local Keplerian rate. We interpret the irregular structure as the signature of embedded massive bodies. The long coherence time suggests the responsible bodies are concentrated near the edge of the ringlet. Long wake-like structures originate from two locations on the inner edge of the ringlet, revealing the locations of the two most massive embedded bodies in that region. As with the Voyager observations, the Cassini data sets showed no correlation between the width and the radius of the ringlet as would be expected for a self-gravitating configuration, except for a brief interval during late 2006, when the width-radius relation was similar to those seen in most other narrow eccentric ringlets in the Solar System.
Prospects for North-South Negotiations in a Changing International Political Economy

Throughout the post-World War II era, North-South negotiations have failed to provide Southern states with many of the trade and aid benefits that they sought. The concerns of the Southern and Northern states have been well documented in the enormous literature on North-South relations. Various methodologies and alternative world views have yielded alternative explanations for the dilemmas of Northern and Southern states as they have negotiated over time in the international political-economy system. Most of this literature, we believe, does not acknowledge the rare cases where important gains by Southern states were won. Although the gains made by Southern states in a small set of bargaining cases with Northern representatives are modest when viewed in light of grand historical trends, we believe that these small advances by Southern states have been, and will continue to be important to citizens in Southern countries. Moreover, as the current international political economy undergoes enormous change, we believe it is important to analyze which trends of the future may most benefit Southern negotiators as they bargain with Northern representatives. Below, we review the prominent approaches to North-South relations and situate this paper in the vast body of North-South literature. We identify and analyze the small set of cases in which Southern states experienced success in bargaining with Northern states in the post World War period. Each of these cases shares a set of common bargaining conditions under which successful outcomes for Southern states were achieved. In this chapter, we identify the conditions under which Southern states were able to bargain successfully with Northern states. Then, we offer a theory of the conditions under which Southern states do best when bargaining with Northern representatives. Finally, we demonstrate how likely changes in the international political economy of the 1990s will influence bargaining outcomes in future North-South relations. We argue that while Northern policy makers may favor the continuation of a multilateral international economic order, Southern states will be more successful in their negotiations with Northern states in the 1990s under an international system characterized by economic blocs than one which is not.