cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can the DSM's major depression bereavement exclusion be validly extended to other stressors? Evidence from the NCS.

Objective To evaluate whether the DSM's distinction between uncomplicated (normal) vs. complicated (disordered) bereavement-related depressive episodes can be validly extended to non-bereavement stressor-related depression (SRD). Previous findings supporting the uncomplicated/complicated SRD distinction's discriminant validity were criticized as tautological because of definitional biases (e.g., ‘uncomplicated’ requires brief duration, yet duration was a validator). We tested whether uncomplicated/complicated SRD validator differences are tautological or real. Method Using National Comorbidity Survey data, we compared uncomplicated SRDs, complicated SRDs, and endogenous/psychotic MDD on levels of eight pathology validators. We identified definitional biases affecting six validators, and corrected them by deleting the biasing definitional components and recalculating validator levels. Results After correction of biases, uncomplicated SRDs had significantly lower pathology levels than both complicated SRDs and endogenous/psychotic MDD on seven of eight validators, disconfirming the tautology hypothesis. Regression analysis revealed that ‘uncomplicated’ cannot be equated with ‘mild’. Extending the ‘uncomplicated’ durational threshold from 2 to 6 months yielded equal or stronger discriminant validity, suggesting the arbitrariness of the current durational criterion. Conclusion Uncomplicated SRDs' lower pathology levels are because of real syndromal differences, not definitional tautologies. The uncomplicated/complicated distinction has discriminant validity when extended to non-bereavement SRDs as an indicator of normality vs. disorder.
Life Style, Work Group Structure, Compatibilities, and Job Satisfaction

Relationships between life style-work group structure compatibility, life style compatibility with co-workers and supervisors, and job satisfaction among registered nurses (RNs) were examined. Persona listic-coordinative and formalistic-bureaucratic compatibilities explained 41% of the variance in satisfaction with work; RN-co-worker and RN-supervisor formalistic compatibility explained 40o of the variance in satisfaction with co-workers; 57%o of the variance in satisfaction with supervisor was explained by the following compatibilities: RN-supervisor formalistic and sociocentric, RN-co-worker sociocentric, and sociocentric-collaborative, and the personalistic life style dimension; 52% of satisfaction with pay was explained by the personalistic and coordinative dimensions, and sociocentric-collaborative and RN-co-worker personalistic compatibilities; and RN-co-worker personalistic compatibility explained 15% of the variance in satisfaction with promotions. Implications for increasing various components of...
ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE: 101

The human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene has been isolated and characterized as a set of overlapping genomic clones spanning more than 30kb of the human X chromosome. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence analysis of exon-intron boundaries show that the HPRT gene is split into nine exons whose boundary sequences are consistent with the established consensus splice site sequences and whose boundary locations are the same as those defined in the mouse HPRT gene. Transcription orientation and some intron sizes of genomic clones have been determined by heteroduplex analysis. Characterization of 5' flanking sequences shows that the promoter region lacks typical eukaryotic regulatory elements such as TATA and CCAAT boxes and is very rich in G and C residues. These characteristic features common to a number of housekeeping genes presumably have some role in the expression of the human HPRT gene.
Effect of portal hypertension on in vivo bile acid-mediated small intestinal mucosal injury in the rat.

This study's purpose was to determine whether portal hypertension adversely affects small intestinal mucosal injury. Portal hypertension was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by two-stage ligation of the portal vein. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. Two weeks later, intestinal injury was produced byin vivo perfusion with 5 mM chenodeoxycholic acid for 30 min. Intestinal injury was assessed by quantitative morphometry and by measuring intestinal water and mannitol absorption. Portal hypertension resulted in more injury in the distal perfused intestine as manifested by increased villus tip denudation [portal hypertensive 52.5±9.6sem) vs controls 28.1±5.7μm, P=0.05). Additionally there was a significant decrease in the unperfused duodenal villus height in portal hypertensive rats (portal hypertensive 755±22 vs controls 848±28μm, P<0.02). Portal hypertension had no significant effect on the increase in mannitol absorption or water secretion caused by chenodeoxycholic acid perfusion. This study suggests that portal hypertension alters small intestinal mucosa and increases susceptibility to injury.
Nonuniversality of Tricritical Behavior

Deviations from the classical phenomenological theory of tricriticality are analyzed on the basis of the exact solution (in four field variables) of the spherical-model limit ($n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) in three dimensions. The scaling functions are nonuniversal but are parametrized by a single variable, which vanishes for infinite-range interactions. Special relations between critical amplitude ratios correlate well with observations on antiferromagnets and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ mixtures. Novel qualitative predictions are made for the threephase monohedron below ${T}_{t}$.
Stem Endings and the Acquisition of Inflections.

This study attempted to determine if the stem ending to which an inflection is affixed influenced the acquisition of the plural allomorphs by young children. The materials consisted of forty-six nonsense monosyllables, two examples for each possible, final, single consonant in English. Using the technique developed by Berko, the researcher discovered that children do significantly better inflecting some stems requiring a particular allomorph than inflecting other stems requiring the same allomorph. In other words, the stem ending does influence the acquisition of the plural allomorphs. Children's rules for plural inflections are also discussed briefly.
Granivores, exclosures, and seed banks: harvester ants and rodents in sagebrush-steppe.

Experiments were conducted to assess the influences of granivores on the seed bank in sagebrush-steppe. Rodent and/or ant exclosures were established at two distances from five harvester ant mounds. Monthly soil samples were collected from the exclosures, and from open access areas at two distances to ascertain changes in the seed bank. Seed dish experiments were conducted monthly to establish a maximum seed removal rate. Rodents were trapped monthly. More seeds were recovered from rodent exclosures than from ant exclosures. Seed banks changed temporally and spatially, with more seeds recovered in September and at 6 m from mounds. Rodents removed seeds more rapidly from seed dishes than did ants. Ants removed more seeds from dishes closest to the nests. Rodents may have a larger impact on the local seed bank than harvester ants. Ant activities, other than seed consumption, may have more influence on vegetation.
Optical properties of a vertically inhomogeneous mid-latitude mid-level mixed-phase altocumulus in the infrared region

Abstract A vertically inhomogeneous mid-latitude mixed-phase altocumulus cloud was observed around 17:26 UTC on Oct. 14, 2001 during the 9th Cloud Layer Experiment (CLEX9). In this study the microphysical and optical properties of this cloud are investigated on the basis of in-situ observed vertical profiles of particle size and habit distributions. Two cloud models, assuming that the cloud properties were vertically homogeneous and inhomogeneous, are adopted to derive the bulk optical and radiative properties of this cloud. The observed microphysical properties are combined with the theoretical solutions to the scattering and absorption properties of individual cloud particles to determine the bulk optical properties at various heights within the cloud layer. The single-scattering properties of spherical liquid water droplets and nonspherical ice crystals are obtained from the Lorenz–Mie theory and an existing database, respectively. The bulk microphysical and optical properties associated with the inhomogeneous model depend strongly on the height above the cloud-base whereas the dependence is smoothed out in the case of the homogeneous model. Furthermore, the transfer of infrared radiation is simulated in conjunction with the two cloud models. It is shown that the brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere in the case of the homogeneous model can be 1.5% (3.8 K) higher than their counterpart associated with the inhomogeneous cloud model. This result demonstrates that the effect of the vertical inhomogeneity of a mixed-phase cloud on its radiative properties is not negligible.
Nongenomic action of progesterone: activation of Xenopus oocyte phospholipase C through a plasma membrane-associated tyrosine kinase.

Using a plasma membrane-cortex preparation (wherein the nucleus and> 90% of the total cell protein are removed), progesterone stimulated tyrosine kinase activity that stimulated phospholipase C. Although it has been known for over 20 yr that progesterone acts at the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes to induce oocyte maturation, this is the first report that progesterone stimulates this tyrosine kinase activity that is associated with the oocyte plasma membrane and cortex. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tyrphostin B46) inhibited steroid stimulation of tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C (PLC) activities, but did not block lipase C stimulation by G protein activators. A fusion protein that contains tandem N- and C-terminal SH2 domains of PLCγ also blocked progesterone stimulation of PLC (a fusion protein with the SH2 domain from Shc was ineffective). Lowering the Ca2+ concentration in the medium inhibited progesterone, but not guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), stimulation of PLC, and the effects of proges...
General approach to the synthesis of polyquinenes VII. Synthesis of a centro-substituted triquinacene

Abstract The synthesis of the 1, 10-cyclohexanotriquinacene 3 has been accomplished via the Weiss reaction. The pivotal steps centered on the regiospecific mono-allylation of bis enol ether 7 to provide tetraester 8 , and the HMPA-mediated removal of three molecules of water from triol 12 to furnish 3 .
Linguistic Acculturation and Gender Effects on Smoking among Hispanic Youth

Background. Hispanic populations have been shown to be at high risk for smoking. The complex psychological process of adaptation to a different culture (acculturation) has been linked to smoking among Hispanic adults and adolescents. Although a positive association between acculturation and smoking appears to depend on gender among adults, research with Hispanic adolescents has ignored the moderating effect of gender. Methods. Students in 22 New York City schools completed self-report questionnaires and provided carbon monoxide breath samples at two annual assessments. Sixth and seventh graders who identified themselves as Hispanics participated in the study (N= 1,295 at baseline;N= 1,034 at 1-year follow-up). The questionnaire included items related to smoking, acculturation, and demographic characteristics. Results. Analyses were conducted to determine the effects of linguistic acculturation and gender on smoking. Girls smoked more frequently than boys at both time points. Being more acculturated was also associated with more smoking at the two survey assessments. As predicted, adolescent smoking depended on both gender and linguistic acculturation. For girls, but not boys, the highly acculturated adolescents smoked more frequently than either the bilingual or the less acculturated. Conclusions. Based on these findings, smoking prevention programs designed for Hispanic youth may benefit from an emphasis on Hispanic culture.
Electrophoretic Evaluation of Blood Sera Proteins of Adult Male Chickens

Abstract SIX protein fractions have been reported to be present in the blood serum of the cock (McCully et al., 1959; McKinley et al., 1953; Heim and Schectman, 1954). These fractions were separated by zone electrophoresis on paper using aqueous veronal or borate buffer. The six protein zones were designated in order of decreasing mobility as: albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, alpha-3-globulin, beta globulin and gamma globulin. In addition to these six fractions. Brandt et al. (1951) found a fraction (pre-albumin) moving ahead of albumin in the sera of laying hens. This pre-albumin was apparently absent in the sera of males (Brandt et al., 1951; Heim and Schectman, 1954). In contrast to these findings, Kristjansson et al. (1963) using vertical starch gel electrophoresis found two protein fractions migrating in front of albumin in the sera of males. A third pre-albumin was only present in the sera of hens in production. The present study…
Role of gender and rumination in suicide ideation : A comparison of college samples from Ghana and the United States

The role of ruminative coping and gender as potential moderators of cultural differences in suicide ideation among 194 college students from Ghana and the United States were studied. Participants completed the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and the Rumination scale of the Response Style Questionnaire. Significant main effects for cultural group and gender were found for suicide ideation. Furthermore, gender and rumination together accounted for significant portions of the variance in suicide ideation scores. Implications for future research are discussed.
Coupling between the N- and C- Termini of Kir2.1 is Critical for Cholesterol Modulation

In recent years, cholesterol has been emerging as a major regulator of ion channel function. The most common effect of cholesterol on ion channels is a decrease in channel activity that may include a decrease in the open probability, in the unitary conductance and/or in the number of active channels in the membrane. Yet, the mechanism by which cholesterol affects channel function is unclear.Here we focus on Kir2 channels, a subfamily of constitutively active, strongly inwardly rectifying K+ channels that set the resting membrane potential and modulate membrane excitability.We have previously shown that the function of Kir2 channels is suppressed by the elevation of membrane cholesterol and enhanced by cholesterol depletion. Furthermore, our earlier studies have shown that cholesterol sensitivity of Kir2 channels critically depends on a group of residues that form a belt-like structure around the cytosolic pore of the channel in proximity to the transmembrane domain. Surprisingly, however, each of the mutations of the cholesterol sensitivity belt residues that abrogated the cholesterol sensitivity of Kir2.1 also converted these residues to the corresponding residue in Kir2.2. This was completely unexpected because cholesterol sensitivities of Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 channels are very similar.In this study, we used this phenomenon to gain further insights into cholesterol sensitivity of Kir2 channels. Focusing on the L222I mutation, we screened the differences in the cytosolic domain between Kir2.1 and Kir2.2. Our analysis led to the identification of residues in the N-terminus and in the EF and GA loops of the C-terminus that reversed the effect of the L222I mutation on the cholesterol sensitivity of Kir2.1. These results indicate that an allosteric coupling between the N- and C- termini plays a critical role in cholesterol modulation of Kir2 channels.
The American Anthropological Association and the Values of Science, 1935‐70

American anthropologists have repeatedly addressed questions about the nature of anthropology as a science and the relationship of anthropology to society. Complex interactions between anthropology and political events in American life have challenged definitions of science, including anthropologists as citizens, scientists, and professionals and the roles they appropriately play. A series of exchanges and events between the 1930s and 1970 are examined in order to shed light on some of the recurrent dilemmas of definition and practice in anthropology as anthropologists have grappled with them in different times and in relation to different contexts. [Keywords: U.S. anthropology, U.S. history, science]
Internalization and trafficking of guanylyl (guanylate) cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor A is regulated by an acidic tyrosine-based cytoplasmic motif GDAY.

We have identified a GDAY motif in the C-terminal domain of guanylyl cyclase (guanylate cyclase)/NPRA (natriuretic peptide receptor A) sequence, which serves a dual role as an internalization signal and a recycling signal. To delineate the role of the GDAY motif in receptor internalization and sequestration, we mutated Gly 9 2 0 , Asp 9 2 1 and Tyr 9 2 3 to alanine residues (GDAY/ AAAA) in the NPRA cDNA sequence. The cDNAs encoding wild-type and mutant receptors were transfected in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney 293 cells). The internalization studies of ligand-receptor complexes revealed that endocytosis of 1 2 5 I-ANP by HEK-293 cells expressing G920A, Y923A or GDAY/ AAAA mutant receptor was decreased by almost 50% (P < 0.001) when compared with cells expressing the wild-type receptor. However, the effect of D921A mutation on receptor internalization was minimal. Ligand-mediated down-regulation of G920A, Y923A and GDAY/AAAA mutant receptors was decreased by 35-40% when compared with wild-type NPRA. Subsequently, the recycling of internalized D921A and GDAY/AAAA mutant receptors from the intracellular pool was decreased by more than 40 ′4% when compared with wild-type NPRA. Recycling of G920A and Y923A mutant receptors was also decreased, but to a significantly lesser extent compared with the D921A or GDAY/AAAA mutant receptors. We conclude that the Gly 9 2 0 and Tyr 9 2 3 residues within the GDAY consensus motif are necessary for internalization, and that residue Asp 9 2 1 is important for recycling of NPRA. The current results provide new evidence for a dual role of the GDAY sequence motif in ligand-mediated internalization, recycling and down-regulation of a single-transmembrane receptor protein NPRA.
1,3-Cyclohexadiene Polymers. 3. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene-block-styrene)

The synthesis of block copolymers of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (1,3-CHD) and styrene under various conditions is reported. sec-Butyllithium alone can initiate the polymerization of 1,3-CHD but does not yield a living process due to chain transfer and termination reactions. However, certain additives such as tetramethylethylenediamine, dimethoxyethane, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, combined with the suitable butyllithium isomer, can be used to improve control of the polymerization of 1,3-CHD. Using these initiator systems, well-defined poly(styrene-block-1,3-cyclohexadiene)s with a wide range of compositions were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. In addition, the rate of crossover reactions during block copolymer formation and the “random” copolymerization of 1,3-CHD and styrene were investigated.
Selective adsorption of 3He and 4He on clean surfaces of NaF and LiF

Abstract Atomic beam scattering was used to study the gas-surface interaction between helium and ionic crystals. In particular, the binding energies of the selectively adsorbed states were measures for two isotopes of helium on the (001) surfaces of NaF and LiF cleaved in vacuum. Consistent results were obtained by avoiding incident conditions where band structure effects invalidate the free particle approximation. The energy levels can be fit to a 9-3 model potential.
Environmental factors in Soviet interbasin water transfer policy

Over 60% of the USSRs river discharge crosses sparsely settled regions and flows into the Arctic Ocean, whereas the most densely settled and economically developed southern regions possess only 12% of surface flow. Consequently, the Soviets perceive an urgent need to redistribute water resources to avoid future shortages. The Soviet government is diligently pursuing development of schemes for the mass transfer of water from northern to southern drainage basins. Because of their grand scale, these could have major, pervasive, and long-term environmental impacts. Although environmental factors were given minimal attention in earlier designs for interbasin water transfers, present proposals are being subjected to thorough, careful, and thoughtful environmental evaluation. The Academy of Sciences and the Hydrometeorological Service as well as several national ministries have been assigned responsibility for evaluating the potential environmental ramifications of alternative schemes including formulation of systems of mathematical models for quantitative estimation of these effects. Indeed, a guiding principle for the development of an “acceptable” diversion system is that it be environmentally sound. This requires identification and estimation of the magnitude of significant adverse environmental impacts and, where possible, formulation of mitigative measures; reasonable economic-environmental tradeoffs; and a negligible potential for irreversible catastrophic environmental changes. It appears that environmental factors are of major importance in devising Soviet interbasin water transfer policy and that resolution of key environmental questions is to precede implemention of any large-scale water diversion scheme.