cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of age at operation on late results with subclavian flap aortoplasty.

Despite the popularity of subclavian flap aortoplasty for repair of aortic coarctation, reported experience and follow-up in neonates is surprisingly limited. This paucity of reports prompted this review of age-related late recurrence rates. Of 83 patients having subclavian flap aortoplasty from 1976 to 1983, 60 were less than 8 weeks of age at operation (mean 2.6 weeks). Operative and late mortality were 18 % and 14%, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 26 months, 10 patients have experienced recurrent coarctation (a mean of 10 months elapsed between operations). For 23 patients older than 8 weeks of age at operation (mean 20 months), operative and late mortality were 13% and 10%, mean follow-up is 16 months, and no patient has yet experienced recurrence. Thus, 75 % of infants less than 8 weeks of age at operation are free of recoarctation at 2 years, and 100% of older children are free of recoarctation at 2 years (p = 0.06). Review of the literature corroborates our findings. The difference in recurrence rates may be due to age-dependent involution of residual coarctation tissue unavoidably left in place during subclavian flap aortoplasty. We conclude that subclavian flap aortoplasty is effective for correction of coarctation in infants, but patients less than 8 weeks old have a significant risk of early recurrence. Based on this review and our recently reviewed experience with end-to-end anastomosis, our preference is to use the latter in this age group when technically feasible.
Abstract 281: Resveratrol Enhances Cholesterol Efflux Through PPAR-γ--Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Macrophages

Introduction: We previously reported that resveratrol, a plant derived polyphenol with numerous cardioprotective properties, improves cholesterol homeostasis by upregulating the expression of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) proteins critical for preventing lipid overload and macrophage foam cell formation. However, the mechanism(s) by which resveratrol exerts this effect are unclear. The present study explores a possible mechanism for the atheroprotective actions of resveratrol on cholesterol metabolism. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the anti-atherogenic effects of resveratrol are mediated through PPAR-γ dependent signaling pathways leading to upregulation of RCT proteins and enhanced cholesterol efflux. Methods: THP-1 macrophages, a pertinent model for atherosclerosis, were incubated for 20h with resveratrol (10μM) with/without the specific PPAR-γ antagonist GW6992 (1μM). Alternatively, cells were transfected with 100 nM of human PPAR-γ small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing prior to resveratrol treatment. Total RNA was isolated, converted to cDNA, and evaluated by QRT-PCR. Each reaction was done in triplicate. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm results of gene expression. Results: Resveratrol significantly increased expression of PPAR-γ, ABCA1, and 27-hydroxylase mRNA (mean±SEM, 136.2±8.5%, 168.3±9.2%, and 171.7±11.0% of control respectively, P<0.001). PPAR-γ gene silencing and PPAR-γ antagonist GW6992 effectively reduced PPAR-γ message by 90.4% and 54.7%, respectively (P<0.001). Both pharmacological blockade and gene knockdown of PPAR-γ nullified resveratrol effects on cholesterol efflux proteins. In cells treated with GW6992, mRNA levels of ABCA1 and 27-hydroxylase were decreased to 66.1±3.3% and 55.0±2.9% of control, respectively (P<0.001). Similarly, PPAR-γ silencing resulted in downregulation of ABCA1 and 27-hydroxylase expression to the level of control, which is significantly lower than in resveratrol treated cells (P<0.001). Data from gene expression studies were subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusions: We propose here a mechanistic model for the atheroprotective effects of resveratrol. Our data strongly suggests that resveratrol regulates cholesterol efflux and intracellular cholesterol processing via the PPAR-γ/LXR-α pathway.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Isoperbergins and Correction of the Chemical Structure of Perbergin

On the basis of its reported chemical structure, perbergin, a Rhodococcus fascians virulence quencher from the bark of Dalbergia pervillei, and its isomer were synthesized in nine steps with a 13.5% yield. However, the NMR spectra of the synthetic products were inconsistent with those reported in the literature. Re-evaluation of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra of the natural product perbergin revealed that the geranyl moiety of this compound is located at C-6 and has an E-configuration, instead of the reported C-8 geranylation with a Z-configuration. Interestingly, the synthetic isoperbergins demonstrated good antibacterial activity against R. fascians, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus, but not against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
Characterizing Accidents, Exposures, and Laboratory-Acquired Infections Reported to the National Institutes of Health's Office of Biotechnology Activities (NIH/OBA) Division under the NIH Guidelines for Work with Recombinant DNA Materials from 1976–2010:

The goal of this project is to identify and characterize the types of incidents, accidents, exposures, and subsequent infections involving recombinant DNA materials that have occurred since the inception of biotechnology and oversight by NIH from June 1976 through December 31, 2010, a period spanning approximately 35 years of recombinant DNA research. A total of 197 records were identified by NIH/OBA describing incidents, accidents, exposures, or laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) from 88 NIH-funded institutions reporting. These data were provided over a 3-year period from NIH through several FOIA requests and included all documentation in support of notification to NIH through resolution by the entity of a laboratory incident, accident, exposure, or LAI and constituted 3,045 pages of documentation. These data were collected using the REDCap data collection tool. A number of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were completed. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) occupational exposures were re...
Dramatic response of metaplastic breast cancer to chemo-immunotherapy

Frequent overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 has recently been demonstrated in metaplastic breast cancer, which is a rare breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. This report describes the clinical course of a patient with metastatic metaplastic breast cancer who had a remarkable response to anti-programmed death-1 therapy with pembrolizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel. Tissue correlates are presented including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high-programmed death-ligand 1 expression in the tumor.
Demosaiced pixel super-resolution in digital holography for multiplexed computational color imaging on-a-chip (Conference Presentation)

Digital holographic on-chip microscopy achieves large space-bandwidth-products (e.g., >1 billion) by making use of pixel super-resolution techniques. To synthesize a digital holographic color image, one can take three sets of holograms representing the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) parts of the spectrum and digitally combine them to synthesize a color image. The data acquisition efficiency of this sequential illumination process can be improved by 3-fold using wavelength-multiplexed R, G and B illumination that simultaneously illuminates the sample, and using a Bayer color image sensor with known or calibrated transmission spectra to digitally demultiplex these three wavelength channels. This demultiplexing step is conventionally used with interpolation-based Bayer demosaicing methods. However, because the pixels of different color channels on a Bayer image sensor chip are not at the same physical location, conventional interpolation-based demosaicing process generates strong color artifacts, especially at rapidly oscillating hologram fringes, which become even more pronounced through digital wave propagation and phase retrieval processes. Here, we demonstrate that by merging the pixel super-resolution framework into the demultiplexing process, such color artifacts can be greatly suppressed. This novel technique, termed demosaiced pixel super-resolution (D-PSR) for digital holographic imaging, achieves very similar color imaging performance compared to conventional sequential R,G,B illumination, with 3-fold improvement in image acquisition time and data-efficiency. We successfully demonstrated the color imaging performance of this approach by imaging stained Pap smears. The D-PSR technique is broadly applicable to high-throughput, high-resolution digital holographic color microscopy techniques that can be used in resource-limited-settings and point-of-care offices.
A CMOS UWB receiver with reconfigurable notch filters for narrow-band interferers

In this paper, an interferer-tolerant receiver for the first group of ultra-wideband systems (3.1–4.8 GHz) is presented. The entire system operates in two modes; detecting and receiving. In the detecting mode, the locations of up to three blockers in 2.35–2.75 GHz and 5.1–5.9 GHz bands are reported to three notch filters used in the receiving path for rejection. In the receiving mode, the receiver operates normally with the activated notch filters. The entire system is integrated in a standard TSMC CMOS 65-nm technology and consumes up to 23.8 mW and 9.6 mW, in the receiving and detecting modes, respectively, with a 1 V voltage supply. The receiver can achieve an out-of-band IIP3 of as high as 18.9 dBm.
Technology domain analysis: A case of energy-efficient advanced commercial refrigeration technologies

Abstract Effective and economical tools and techniques that contribute to a more efficient and faster association of ideas to support technology research and development efforts are important. Many methods, tools, and techniques to identify promising technology R&D opportunities require experts’ opinion. Finding qualified experts is no simple task—but it is critical because such knowledge and experience directly determine the quality of the results. Since the 1960s, the idea of identifying the most important actors in a society or people with prestige in the community has gained interest. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a common method for identifying knowledgeable people within a community. The SNA method is coupled with Bibliometric Analysis and Patent Analysis to determine experts in the field of advanced commercial refrigeration technologies, along with their corresponding affiliations and contact information. The results support the work of energy efficiency engineers at the Bonneville Power Administration (a federal wholesale electric utility in the United States) who desired such information to continue to develop and implement measures to drive regional energy conservation for their customer utilities.
Congenital heart disease with ductal-dependent systemic perfusion: Doppler ultrasonography flow velocities are altered by changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen

Background An unfavorable balance in systemic and pulmonary perfusion may occur in neonates with ductal-dependent systemic perfusion while being treated with prostaglandin E1 before surgical palliation or transplantation. At our institution, we adjust the fraction of inspired oxygen, with supplemental nitrogen if needed, to control pulmonary vascular tone and maintain systemic oxygen saturations near 75%. Methods We performed a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound study in 10 patients to determine whether velocity time integrals in the descending aorta and middle cerebral arteries and the peak velocity at the foramen ovale were acutely altered by changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen. Measurements were performed after 10- to 15-minute intervals of breathing 14% to 19%, 21%, and 35% oxygen. Results Antegrade descending aortic velocity time integrals did not change significantly when these patients breathed different amounts of oxygen; however, the retrograde velocity time integral in the descending aorta and the peak velocity of left-to-right shunt at the foramen ovale increased with increasing amounts of inspired oxygen. The ratio of antegrade to retrograde velocity time integrals in the descending aorta was greater with supplemental nitrogen than with supplemental oxygen. Middle cerebral arterial velocity time integrals were not significantly greater with supplemental nitrogen than with supplemental oxygen (p = 0.061). Conclusions Systemic and interatrial Doppler velocities are acutely influenced by the fraction of inspired oxygen in neonates with ductal-dependent systemic perfusion.
Swedish Influences, Austrian Advances: The Contributions of the Swedish and Austrian Schools to Market Process Theory

Market process theory has its origins in the attempt to gain a richer understanding of how the invisible hand operates in coordinating the vast array of economic exchanges that occur on a daily basis. This is in stark contrast to general equilibrium theory, which seeks a price vector that allows all markets to simultaneously clear. As Ludwig von Mises (1978: 36) wrote: ‘What distinguishes the Austrian School and will lend it immortal fame is precisely the fact that it created a theory of economic action and not of economic equilibrium.’ General equilibrium theory explains the achievement of the desired efﬁciency in terms of strict behavioral assumptions placed upon economic participants. In contrast, the former methodology focuses on the institutional structure that creates a unique incentive-based framework that in turn inﬂuences the behavior of actors. This behavior includes the dissemination of information which then directly inﬂuences the decisions and actions of agents in coordinating their activities and hence in improving the overall efﬁciency of the economic system. The Austrian School was certainly not the only one to focus attention on the market process rather than the equilibrium state. The Swedish school of economics made signiﬁcant contributions to the development of a theory of the economic process as well. The Swedish and Austrian Schools, while surely not the only contributors to market process theory, have made distinct contributions to the development of this methodology. These contributions have established market process theory as a distinct and robust explanation of economic activity.
Hypothalamus-specific regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression.

Publisher Summary The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons of the hypothalamus represent such a group of neurons that is refractory to direct study because of their low numbers and diffuse distribution within the rostral hypothalamus and forebrain. The GnRH releasing neurons are important regulators of the pituitary gonadotropes and the endocrine actions that regulate reproductive function. Most studies of these neurons are limited to in situ analyses with immunological or nucleic acid probes. The tissue-specific transcriptional activity of the GnRH gene is a result of the unique complement of DNA-binding proteins present in the GnRH-releasing neurons, which mediate specific gene expression through the GnRH enhancer. The characterization of these proteins and their regulation is essential to our understanding of the development and regulation of the differentiated functions of the GnRH-releasing neurosecretory neurons.
Next Permutation of n Letters (NEXPER)

This chapter discusses an algorithm for generating next permutation of n letters. There are many methods of sequentially producing all n ! permutations of n letters. Some of these methods require the construction of the next permutation ab initio while others produce it by a small modification of the previous permutation. The chapter presents the methods that adopt the latter approach because of computational simplicity and elegance. The algorithm presented in the chapter has the advantage that it not only produces a complete list of permutations if started at the identity permutation but can also be entered with any permutation and its sign and produce the successor of that permutation. The chapter presents sample output. The subprogram NEXPER was called repeatedly with N = 5, until termination. It also presents 120 output vectors A (1), A (2),…… A (5).
The effects of hemorrhage, hypoxia, and a preparation of erythropoietin on thrombopoiesis

The effects of hemorrhage, hypoxia, or a preparation of erythropoietin on platelet production were investigated by measuring incorporation of selenomethionine-75Se (75SeM) into the platelets of rabbits or mice. Rabbits that were bled daily for 5 days had a significant increase in the platelet count, 48 hours after cessation of hemmorrhage, that coincided with a threefold increase in isotope incorporation into platelets. Mice that were bled daily for 3 days also had significantly higher platelet counts and a 38 per cent increase in incorporation of isotope into platelets, 3 days after the last hemorrhage. Normal rabbits, injected with plasma from repeatedly bled, anemic, and moderately thrombocytopenic rabbits, had a 58 per cent greater maximum incorporation of 75SeM than did control animals. Mice exposed to hypoxia for 6 days had a mean platelet count 23 per cent lower than normal controls, but no change in incorporation of 75SeM into platelets. Plasma from hypoxic mice did not stimulate platelet production when injected into normal mice. A preparation of human urinary erythropoietin (15 to 30 U. per mouse or 30 to 120 U. per rabbit) significantly increased incorporation of isotope into the platelets of normal mice and rabbits. The results demonstrated that hemorrhage, but not hypoxia, is associated with increased thrombopoietic activity in plasma. However, large doses of preparations of human erythropoietin contained detectable thrombopoietic activity.
Automated detection of counterfeit ICs using machine learning

Abstract The electronic industry has been experiencing a growing counterfeit market, resulting in electronic supply chains in other industries to be prone to counterfeit parts as well. Over the past few years, several methods have been developed for evaluating the reliability of an IC and distinguishing them as counterfeit or authentic. Trained experts offer services for evaluating an IC based on destructive or non-destructive methods. However, defect detection and recognition are mostly dependent on human decision, and therefore are vulnerable to error. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically detect and identify die-face delamination on an IC die. Die-face delamination is a predominant internal defect in recycled ICs but can be easily missed during defect detection. Here, we have acquired the 3D image of an IC non-destructively using X-ray computed tomography and applied image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms on the 3D image to detect die-face delamination in the forms of thermally induced cracks and damaged surfaces.
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Stability of Crystalline Phases of Li2S2

In lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery, Li2S2 is one of the key intermediate products which may exist as an insoluble solid in a battery system. In this article, the low-energy crystalline phases of Li2S...
District Court Decision-Making Before and After U.S. v. Booker: The Effects of Legislative Action on Judicial Discretion

In this paper, I determine how the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, promulgated by the United States Sentencing Commission and changes in the law governing these guidelines, affected federal district court decision-making from fiscal years 1999 to 2005. I also determine whether changes in sentencing laws affect the number and manner of plea bargains that prosecutors bring before district court judges. I examine three groups of cases where guideline application varies. My results establish significant differences in how judges make decisions depending on whether or not they applied the guidelines or departed. Cases where guideline ranges were applied have higher sentences and less variance as compared to cases where there were departures. I also find that limitations on judges' ability to depart as mandated by the Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003 and the conversion of guidelines by the Supreme Court in United States v. Booker (2005) from mandatory to advisory affected case frequencies, prosecutors' strategies, and sentence averages at the circuit, but not national, level.
Content Validation of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Prelicensure Clinical Evaluation Instruments.

Background Clinical evaluation is a high-stakes assessment that requires valid and reliable instruments that are understandable to faculty and students. Purpose This article describes the development of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)-based clinical evaluation instruments to measure competency in prelicensure clinical courses. The goal was to establish content validation for the items included on each and appropriately level requisite behaviors to demonstrate increasing progression in clinical performance expectation from fundamentals to senior nursing clinical courses. Methods Based on their area of expertise, nurse educators were recruited into panels of 5 to 7 members each to review and rate items for relevance for each course-specific clinical evaluation instrument using the Content Validity Index. Results Two rounds of rigorous review yielded 6 content-validated instruments. Conclusions The QSEN-based clinical evaluation instruments provide standardized language framed in quality and safety that demonstrate evolving sophistication, complexity, and expectation in student clinical performance.
Hybrid Cerasomes Composed of Phosphatidylcholines and Silica Networks for the Construction of Vesicular Materials with Functionalized Shells

A phosphatidylcholine-based cerasome (PC-cerasome) was prepared by a combination of a copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cyclo-addition (CuAAC) reaction and a sol–gel condensation process. In a 2 wt % u...
Extremity free fillet flap for reconstruction of massive oncologic resection—Surgical technique and outcomes

Background and objectives The purpose of this study is to present our experience using free fillet flaps to reconstruct massive oncologic defects of the upper and lower extremity. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to include patients who underwent oncologic resection followed by reconstruction using free fillet flaps from July 2001 to October 2018. Patient demographics, clinical and surgical characteristics, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Results In total, 12 patients were identified and included in this study. Mean age was 48.9 years old. Five patients had extended forequarter amputations and seven patients had external hemipelvectomies, all for locally advanced tumors. Mean tumor size was 15 ± SD 6.4 cm, and negative tumor margins were achieved in all the patients. Mean flap size was 1028 ± SD 869 cm2 . The mean follow-up was 13 months. There were no partial or total flap losses in the postoperative period. Two patients had flap-related postoperative complications, including flap bleeding and wound dehiscence. Median survival was 18 months. Conclusion The free fillet flap is a safe, reliable, and valuable approach for reconstructing oncological defects. It offers the advantage of avoiding donor site morbidity, while providing extensive soft-tissue coverage as a one-step solution for massive oncologic defects.
A Single Amino-Acid Substitution in gag p19 Protein (MA) of Rous Sarcoma Virus Suppresses Virus Production from Infected Cells

Gag p19 protein (MA) of the transformation-defective Rous sarcoma virus mutant, tdPH2010, has a point mutation at nucleotide 376 (G to A) that results in an amino-acid change at residue 126 of p19 (Glu to Lys). This single amino-acid change is the cause of the aberrantly fast migration of this protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. To study the biological significance of the mutation, we introduced this mutation into a transformation-defective derivative of the molecularly cloned Rous sarcoma virus, SRA2, and examined its effect on virus replication. The virus possessing the mutation in its gag p19 gene had 50% slower replication as measured by the amount of reverse transcriptase as well as gag p27 protein (CA) in the culture media. Glu at position 126 appears to be important for efficient production of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro.
Effects of optically absorbent coatings on parallel optical control of levitating milli-robots

Passively levitating pyrolytic graphite (PyG) milli-robots can be controlled optically due to the thermal dependence of PyG’s magnetic susceptibility and optically induced, localized temperature changes. A combination of projector technology and optically absorbent coatings is proposed to address the challenge of simultaneous parallel control of levitating PyG milli-robots. Experimental results demonstrate successful parallel control using commercially available projector technology. Experimental actuation responses show marginal ability of absorbent coatings to increase PyG robot maximum actuation speed as well as reduce minimum controllable robot size under fixed optical power density constraints. While enhanced optical absorption opens opportunities for system miniaturization and extension to device-level magneto-optic actuators, doing so with minimal impact to levitating properties in a highly thermally conductive material remains a challenge.
Simultaneous Mode, In put and State Set-Valued Observers with Applications to Resilient Estimation against Sparse Attacks

A simultaneous mode, input and state set-valued observer is proposed for hidden mode switched linear systems with bounded-norm noise and unknown input signals. The observer consists of two constituents: (i) a bank of mode-matched observers and (ii) a mode estimator. Each mode-matched observer recursively outputs the mode-matched sets of compatible states and unknown inputs, while the mode estimator eliminates incompatible modes, using a residual-based criterion. Then, the estimated sets of states and unknown inputs are the union of the mode-matched estimates over all compatible modes. Moreover, sufficient conditions to guarantee the elimination of all false modes are provided and the effectiveness of our approach is exhibited using an illustrative example.
A Model Checking-based Analysis Framework for Systems Biology Models

Biological systems are often modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-invariant parameters. However, cell signaling events or pharmacological interventions may alter the cellular state and induce multi-mode dynamics of the system. Such systems are naturally modeled as hybrid automata, which possess multiple operational modes with specific nonlinear dynamics in each mode. In this paper we introduce a model checking-enabled framework than can model and analyze both single- and multi-mode biological systems. We tackle the central problem in systems biology--identify parameter values such that a model satisfies desired behaviors--using bounded model checking. We resort to the delta-decision procedures to solve satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) problems and sidestep undecidability of reachability problems. Our framework enables several analysis tasks including model calibration and falsification, therapeutic strategy identification, and Lyapunov stability analysis. We demonstrate the applicablitliy of these methods using case studies of prostate cancer progression, cardiac cell action potential and radiation diseases.
5 – Open Systems

Open systems exchange particles with their environment in addition to work and heat. This exchange entails energy transfer. Internal energy becomes a function of entropy, volume, and moles of particles; its partial derivative with particle mole number is called chemical potential. This is extended to multicomponent systems. The chemical potential of an ideal gas depends on temperature and the logarithm of pressure, with fugacity replacing pressure for real gases. Maxwell relations result by equating mixed partial derivatives and relate measurable physical quantities. Euler’s theorem of homogeneous functions formalizes relationships of extensive and intensive variables, allows integration of fundamental differentials (Euler equation), and connects differentials of intensive variables (Gibbs-Duhem equation). Mole fractions define composition of multicomponent systems. Legendre transformations are developed and used to define new potentials such as Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies. Partial molar quantities are calculated by the method of intercepts. Entropy of a chemical reaction is introduced.
Institutional Change and Early-Stage Start-Up Selection: Evidence from Applicants to Venture Accelerators

Existing research at the nexus of institutional theory and entrepreneurship suggests that lowering institutional barriers to forming, growing, and exiting new firms can affect the types of start-up...
A comparison of manual electrocardiographic interval and waveform analysis in lead 1 of 12-lead ECG and Apple Watch ECG: A validation study

Background The Apple Watch Series 4 (AW) can detect atrial fibrillation and perform a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), but the clinical accuracy of AW ECG waveforms compared to lead 1 of a 12-lead ECG is unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of interval measurements on AW ECG tracings in comparison to lead 1 on a 12-lead ECG. Methods We obtained ECGs at a university hospital of healthy volunteers age >18 years. ECG waveforms were measured with calipers to the nearest 0.25 mm. When possible, 3 consecutive waveforms in lead 1 were measured. Waveform properties, including intervals, were recorded. Concordance correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess level of agreement between devices. Results Twelve-lead (n = 113) and AW (n = 129) ECG waveforms from 43 volunteers (mean age 31 years; 65% female) were analyzed. Sinus rhythm interpretation between devices was 100% concordant. No arrhythmias were recorded. Mean difference (d) for heart rate was 1.16 ± 4.33 bpm (r = 0.94); 3.83 ± 113.54 ms for RR interval (r = 0.79); 5.43 ± 17 ms for PR interval (r = 0.83); –6.89 ± 14.81 ms for QRS interval (r = 0.65); –11.27 ± 22.9 ms for QT interval (r = 0.79); and –11.67 ± 27 ms for QTc interval (r = 0.57). There was moderate (d Conclusion The AW produces accurate ECGs in healthy adults with moderate to strong agreement of basic ECG intervals.
Counteracting Ambition: Applying Corporate Compliance and Ethics to the Separation of Powers Concerns with Domestic Surveillance

When it comes to domestic surveillance, even in the name of foreign intelligence, one constitutional challenge is to balance suspicion of and confidence in executive power - to leave the executive flexibility to meet changing threats, while ensuring that flexibility is not a pretext for abuse. To address this challenge, this Essay draws on expertise from an area of private law: the design, implementation, and operation of corporate compliance and ethics programs. A corporate compliance and ethics program consists of an organization's code of conduct, policies, and procedures that help achieve compliance with relevant laws as well as the organization's ethical standards. My thesis is that constitutional separation of powers analysis ought to incorporate lessons from corporate compliance and ethics programs. Over the last half century, businesses have accumulated vast expertise on checking and balancing the exercise of corporate power to protect shareholder value. The federal government ought to employ similar measures to protect our constitutional values. Corporate compliance and ethics best practices, then, should guide analysis of whether a given exercise of federal power incorporates adequate checks against abuse.
Nonpharmacologic Pain Management in Inflammatory Arthritis

This article provides an overview of nonpharmacologic options for the treatment of pain in patients with inflammatory arthritis, such as peripheral spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The experience of pain in chronic disease is a complex process influenced by multiple domains of health. The discussion focuses on the establishment of a framework for pain control that engages with factors that influence the experience of pain and explores the evidence base that supports specific modalities of nonpharmacologic pain control, such as mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, massage, splinting, and heat therapy. Rheumatoid and spondyloarthritides are considered separately.
Pedagogical Pivoting, Emergent Curriculum, and Knowledge Production: But Just Don’t Call It Social Justice

The current context of skill-based curriculum and high-stakes, outside mandates makes teaching exceedingly difficult. This educational climate creates a challenging environment in which to identify opportunities for engaging students in inquiry-based, emergent forms of curriculum centering on issues and topics they name. Through side-by-side narrative inquiry, this article focuses on the perspectives drawn from a co-teaching experience of a third-grade teacher and a university professor who worked together to adjust teaching approaches from a skill-based to an emergent, knowledge-generative pedagogy. By engaging young people around issues the students identified, the teacher engages in a pedagogical pivot. While the teacher embraced new practices related to emergent curriculum, she resisted naming it as justice-oriented teaching. This inquiry raises issues around curriculum and student agency, framing curriculum as social justice, and pedagogical agility.
Species-specific deployment of Runx2 isoforms and differential regulation of target genes during avian jaw development and evolution

ABSTRACT Developmental regulation of bone formation in the jaw skeleton is essential to species-specific adaptation. The jaws are derived from neural crest mesenchyme (NCM), a progenitor population that directs skeletal patterning by exerting temporal and spatial control over molecular and cellular programs for osteogenesis. One important NCM-mediated gene is Runx2, which is a transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. RUNX2 protein binds many target genes involved in the deposition and resorption of bone. To determine the extent to which changes in Runx2 structure, function, and expression underlie the evolution of the jaw skeleton, we compare Runx2 across vertebrates and within birds. Runx2 contains two alternative promoters, tandem repeats of glutamine and alanine with variable lengths in different species, a conserved DNA-binding domain, an exon that is alternatively spliced, as well as two possible C-termini. Such alternative splicing produces eight potential isoforms that show distinct stage- and species-specific patterns in the jaw primordia of chick, quail and duck embryos. We also find that certain isoforms are strongly induced by TGFβ signaling whereas others are not. Overexpressing Runx2 isoforms in NCM reveals that some are transcriptionally activating, while others are repressive. But context appears to be relevant since species-specific polymorphisms in the promoter of target genes like Mmp13, can modulate the effects of different isoforms. Overall, our study indicates that the structure and species-specific deployment of Runx2 isoforms affect the transcriptional activity of target genes in ways that may have played a generative and regulatory role in the evolution of the avian jaw skeleton.
Aedes albopictus Strain and Dengue Virus Serotype in the Dengue Fever Outbreaks in Japan: Implications of Wolbachia Infection.

From August 27 to October 15, 2014, a dengue fever outbreak with 158 autochthonous cases occurred after nearly 70 years of no reports of autochthonous cases in Japan. The most competent mosquito vector for dengue virus (DENV) transmission in Japan is Aedes albopictus. Since A. albopictus is widely distributed throughout Japan, we examined the susceptibility of this species to infection by DENV and the relationship of the endosymbiont Wolbachia (wAlbA and wAlbB) with susceptibility to DENV. The A. albopictus YYG strain, collected from Yoyogi Park in 2014, the epicenter of the dengue fever outbreak, was found to have lower susceptibility to DENV 1 and 3 than that of indigenous Japanese strains A. albopictus EBN 201808 (F1 from the field) and A. albopictus ISG 201603. Further, the A. albopictus EBN 201808 strain showed a same susceptibility to DENV3 as A. albopictus ISG 201603tet strain (Wolbachia-free). Susceptibility to DENV3 was not related to Wolbachia strains wAlbA or wAlbB in the A. albopictus ISG 201603 strain.
Felon history and change in U.S. employment rates

Abstract In recent decades, the share of U.S. adults with felony-level criminal records has risen and the growth in the employment rate has slowed. Sociological theories of labeling and stigmatization, as well as economic theories of statistical discrimination, suggest a possible causal connection between the two phenomena. Surveys of employers have shown increasing reliance on criminal background checks, for example, and audit studies reveal explicit discrimination against people with felony-level criminal records. This paper draws on novel, state-level annual measures of individuals with felony-level records to estimate pooled cross-sectional, panel models predicting changes in aggregate employment rates. Estimates from these models indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in the share of a state's adult population with a felony history is associated with 0.3 percentage point increase in non-employment (being unemployed or not in the labor force) among those aged 18 to 54. Subgroup analysis shows that effects are stronger for women and whites. These results suggest that the stigma of a felony record may play an important part in aggregate employment rates as well as in individual hiring practices.
QLB: Collision-Aware Quasi-Newton Solver with Cholesky and L-BFGS for Nonlinear Time Integration

We advocate for the straightforward applications of the Cholesky and the Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithms in the context of nonlinear time integration of deformable objects with dynamic collisions. At the beginning of each time step, we form and factor the Hessian matrix, accounting for all internal forces while omitting the implicit cross-coupling terms from the collision forces between multiple dynamic objects or self collisions. Then during the nonlinear solver iterations of the time step, we implicitly update this Hessian with L-BFGS. This approach is simple to implement and can be readily applied to any nonlinear time integration scheme, including higher-order schemes and quasistatics. We show that this approach works well in a wide range of settings involving complex nonlinear materials, including heterogeneity and anisotropy, as well as collisions, including frictional contact and self collisions.
Resident Perceptions of Faculty Behaviors Promoting Learner Operative Skills and Autonomy.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the resident perceived faculty factors associated with the promotion of resident operative skill and autonomy DESIGN Qualitative retrospective analysis utilizing anonymous open-ended comments from residents on department of surgery faculty teaching evaluations and cross references them to observed faculty entrustment scores SETTING Single tertiary midwestern allopathic academic medical center using data obtained between January 2016-August 2019 PARTICIPANTS Forty-six resident and fourteen faculty surgeons from general, plastic, thoracic, and vascular surgery sections. RESULTS Themes of personal traits, the working environment created, and teaching techniques employed were identified across resident promoting attendings and resident limiting attendings. Promoting attendings employed preoperative goal setting, increased operative autonomy, and postoperative feedback while creating environments conducive to learning by promoting teamwork and collaboration. Alternatively, limiting attendings used more ineffective teaching techniques including micromanaging, lack of delegation, and treating residents as observers. Additionally, trainees described these operating room environments as stressful and strained. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative analysis of resident teaching evaluations of attending surgeons highlights the importance of relationships between learner and teacher, the learning environment, and teaching techniques. Continuous professional development programs centered on entrustment and promoting behaviors have the potential to disseminate strategies to enhance educator skills among surgeons.
Parent involvement, expectancy values, and STEM outcomes among underrepresented adolescents

Racial and ethnic achievement gaps contribute to the lack of underrepresented minorities in STEM-related careers. This research is grounded in the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation which posits that motivation is influenced by social-cognitive variables such as self-efficacy and beliefs about the usefulness or utility of the task. These social-cognitive variables (self-beliefs and task beliefs), in turn, are influenced by numerous ecological factors such as parental involvement. Parent involvement can promote children’s self-efficacy and task beliefs which is important for STEM interest and persistence. This study utilized data from the High School Longitudinal Study: 2009 (HLS: 2009) to examine links among parent involvement and underrepresented students’ STEM self-efficacy, utility, interest and achievement. Concurrent and longitudinal models conducted in MPlus tested whether parent involvement in 9th grade predicted STEM interest and achievement directly and indirectly via self-efficacy and utility. Concurrent models showed that parent involvement in STEM was significantly related to adolescents’ STEM self-efficacy which in turn was significantly related to STEM interest and achievement. Longitudinal models showed that parents’ STEM involvement in 9th grade predicted adolescents’ STEM efficacy in 11th grade which in turn predicted adolescents’ cumulative GPA in STEM courses. Parent involvement in STEM was more strongly and consistently linked to self-efficacy than to utility. These results suggest that parent involvement in STEM helps adolescents to feel more confident in their STEM abilities but it does not necessarily contribute to adolescents’ STEM utility values.
Stock composition and ocean spatial distribution inference from California recreational Chinook salmon fisheries using genetic stock identification

Abstract We apply genetic stock identification (GSI) data and models of the catch and sampling process to describe spatial and temporal patterns in the stock composition and stock-specific catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of both tagged and untagged stocks encountered in California recreational ocean Chinook salmon fisheries during the period 1998–2002. Spatial and temporal distributions inferred from GSI sampling of stocks with tagged hatchery components were broadly consistent with those previously inferred from studies of tag recoveries alone, while GSI provided additional insight into untagged stocks of conservation concern. The catch in all times and areas was dominated (typically ≥90%) by the “Central Valley Fall” genetic reporting group, which is comprised primarily of Sacramento River fall run Chinook. Other contributing stocks were more spread out in space and time with the exception of Central Valley winter run Chinook, which were rarely encountered by boats fishing in port areas north of Point Reyes. Localized stock-specific CPUE appeared to increase near a stock's respective natal river while decreasing in other port areas at the time of adult return to freshwater for spawning. We describe methods for quantifying uncertainty in stock proportions, stock-specific catch, and determining the statistical support for proposed management boundaries hypothesized to represent “break points” in the spatial distributions for stocks of concern, and find at most equivocal support for a proposed delineation line at Point Reyes in north-central California.
Energy budget-based backscatter in an eddy permitting primitive equation model

Abstract Increasing computational resources are starting to allow global ocean simulations at so-called “eddy-permitting” resolutions, at which the largest mesoscale eddies can be resolved explicitly. However, an adequate parameterization of the interactions with the unresolved part of the eddy energy spectrum remains crucial. Hyperviscous closures, which are commonly applied in eddy-permitting ocean models, cause spurious energy dissipation at these resolutions, leading to low levels of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and weak eddy induced transports. It has recently been proposed to counteract the spurious energy dissipation of hyperviscous closures by an additional forcing term, which represents “backscatter” of energy from the un-resolved scales to the resolved scales. This study proposes a parameterization of energy backscatter based on an explicit sub-grid EKE budget. Energy dissipated by hyperviscosity acting on the resolved flow is added to the sub-grid EKE, while a backscatter term transfers energy back from the sub-grid EKE to the resolved flow. The backscatter term is formulated deterministically via a negative viscosity, which returns energy at somewhat larger scales than the hyperviscous dissipation, thus ensuring dissipation of enstrophy. The parameterization is tested in an idealized configuration of a primitive equation ocean model, and is shown to significantly improve the solutions of simulations at typical eddy-permitting resolutions.
Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science—XVI: Donald D. Bogard

Abstract– Donald D. Bogard (Don, Fig. 1) became interested in meteorites after seeing the Fayetteville meteorite in an undergraduate astronomy class at the University of Arkansas. During his graduate studies with Paul Kuroda at Arkansas, Don helped discover the Xe decay products of 244Pu. After a postdoctoral period at Caltech, where he learned much from Jerry Wasserburg, Peter Eberhardt, Don Burnett, and Sam Epstein, Don became one of a number of young Ph.D. scientists hired by NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center to set up the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) and to perform a preliminary examination of Apollo samples. In collaboration with Oliver Schaeffer (SUNY), Joseph Zahringer (Max Planck, Heidelberg), and Raymond Davis (Brookhaven National Laboratory), he built a gas analysis laboratory at JSC, and the noble gas portion of this laboratory remained operational until he retired in 2010. At NASA, Don worked on the lunar regolith, performed pioneering work on cosmic ray produced noble gas isotopes and Ar-Ar dating, the latter for important insights into the thermal and shock history of meteorites and lunar samples. During this work, he discovered that the trapped gases in SNC meteorites were very similar to those of the Martian atmosphere and thus established their Martian origin. Among Don’s many administrative accomplishments are helping to establish the Antarctic meteorite and cosmic dust processing programs at JSC and serving as a NASA-HQ discipline scientist, where he advanced peer review and helped create new programs. Don is a recipient of NASA’s Scientific Achievement and Exceptional Service Medals and the Meteoritical Society’s Leonard Medal. Figure 1. Donald Bogard. Download figure to PowerPoint
The Internet as a Site for Changing Practice: The Case of Ms. Owens

The Internet has been seen as a resource for reforming education. Researchers and reformers have had some success in developing reform-based innovations using the Internet. However, most teachers who use the Internet are not part of such projects and instead, are developing their own approaches to Internet use. This study explores the experiences of one teacher as she uses the Internet on her own as a tool for changing her practice. Ms. Owens is a high school chemistry teacher who used the Web as part of a unit on nuclear chemistry. Her experience suggests that reform by way of the Internet is complex and challenging; that it makes huge demands on teacher knowledge and time; and that, even with commitment and effort, the results can be distant from the kind of science reform at which the NRC Standards are aimed.