cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensor fusion using a selective sensor framework to achieve decision and task execution

In this paper, the role of multi-sensor data fusion to achieve better interaction levels for Human Robot Collaboration is highlighted. The decision framework uses a sensor-map that is akin to our brain-map and takes into account the pre-processed information streamed by the sensors and groups the sensors and sensor data before applying to the fusion algorithm to derive a confidence level. The task-map is a dynamic structure that holds relevant details between the tasks and the corresponding sensors involved to execute the task. The confidence generated is again compared against real-world constraints before performing the interaction. In the event of uncertainty, the robot can query the user for assistance before executing any further action, thus demonstrating key interaction with the human.
Whips and Chains? Fact or Fiction? Content Analysis of Sadomasochism in Internet Personal Advertisements

In order to study the sexual attitudes, identities, and behaviours of individuals involved in sadomasochism (S & M) it is necessary to understand the role of culture which heavily influences sexual behaviour. Historically, psychologists have viewed sexual behaviour as a biological or psychological phenomenon that reflects the drives, motives, and needs of an individual (Freud, 1962; Krafft-Ebing, 1886/1965). Horney (1967) believed that masochism in women was a result of the cultural constraints they faced with regards to social status, the sexual, and roles in society that kept women in a place of submissiveness. Sexuality has traditionally been explained by three paradigms – instinct, drive, and energy and unfortunately has assumed that sexuality equals heterosexuality, making heterosexuality the norm (Fergunson, 1989). Popular sexologists, such as, Ellis (1903/1926), Kinsey (1953), and Masters, Johnson, and Kolodny (1986) have constructed models of sexuality that reflect and reproduce male supremacy, which then becomes viewed as natural and universal, giving the impression that ‘normal’ male sexuality has control over female sexuality and that female sexuality should be passive and dependent (Coveney, Jackson, Jeffreys, Kay, & Mahony, 1984).
Who is Punished? Conditions Affecting Voter Evaluations of Legislators Who Do Not Compromise

In American politics, legislative compromise is often seen as a necessary and desirable aspect of policymaking, yet people also value politicians who stick to their positions. In this article, we consider these conflicting expectations of legislators and ask two intertwined questions: what conditions lead people to punish legislators for not compromising (when legislative action is at stake) and, conversely, what conditions leave people more willing to overlook a legislator’s unwillingness to engage in compromise? Relying on previous research, we suggest that legislator gender, legislator partisanship, and issue area may all affect which legislators are punished for not compromising. Relying on two national experiments, we demonstrate that the extent to which lawmakers are punished for not compromising is conditional on the intersection of the three factors in this study. In general, our results suggest that people may be most willing to overlook unwillingness to engage in compromise when party, gender and issue ownership align than when party, gender, and issue ownership are at odds.
Low Molecular Weight Ψ[CH2NH] Pseudopeptides Yield Potent Antimicrobial Agents

Emerging drug-resistant bacteria have rapidly increased the need for new antimicrobial drug leads. Random screening of peptide libraries generated through combinatorial synthesis led to three mixtures with promising antimicrobial activity. Deconvolution of these libraries led to several individual compounds active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Modifications were made in the most active sequences for structure activity studies.
The Literary Weaving of Mghribiyya Consciousness: Laila Lalami’s Retelling of Jenara’s Moroccan Tale in Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits

(2008). The Literary Weaving of Mghribiyya Consciousness: Laila Lalami’s Retelling of Jenara’s Moroccan Tale in Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 136-153.
Middle school climate examined and altered by teacher-directed intervention assessed through qualitative and quantitative methodologies

A program of research designed to assess the climate of academically-excelling middle schools is described. Two approaches not previously used in such research have shown promise, namely, 1) the ap...
Potential for miRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Preeclampsia.

See related article, pp 721–730 Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes that impacts 5% to 7% of all pregnancies in the United States.1 Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, recent progress has provided potential mechanisms for treating preeclampsia-induced injury. Whether preeclampsia develops before (early onset) or after (late onset) 34 weeks of gestation is important for the cause, severity, and prognosis of the disease. Early-onset preeclampsia is more often associated with intrauterine growth restriction and adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes, whereas late-onset preeclampsia induces less severe outcomes. Although there is limited understanding of the mechanisms leading to early-onset preeclampsia, insufficient invasion of trophoblast cells into spiral arteries coincident with shallow uterine invasion often accompanies the diagnosis. Placental ischemia develops as a result of insufficient vascular remodeling and induces the release of detrimental soluble factors into the maternal circulation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.2 Multiple factors contribute to the development of placental syndrome, including immune and inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, damage-associated molecular patterns, components of the renin–angiotensin system, genetic and genomic factors, …
Electron Spin Relaxation and Biochemical Characterization of the Hydrogenase Maturase HydF: Insights into [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] Cluster Communication and Hydrogenase Activation

Nature utilizes [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes to catalyze the interconversion between H2 and protons and electrons. Catalysis occurs at the H-cluster, a carbon monoxide-, cyanide-, and dithiomethylamine-coordinated 2Fe subcluster bridged via a cysteine to a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Biosynthesis of this unique metallocofactor is accomplished by three maturase enzymes denoted HydE, HydF, and HydG. HydE and HydG belong to the radical S-adenosylmethionine superfamily of enzymes and synthesize the nonprotein ligands of the H-cluster. These enzymes interact with HydF, a GTPase that acts as a scaffold or carrier protein during 2Fe subcluster assembly. Prior characterization of HydF demonstrated the protein exists in both dimeric and tetrameric states and coordinates both [4Fe-4S]2+/+ and [2Fe-2S]2+/+ clusters [Shepard, E. M., Byer, A. S., Betz, J. N., Peters, J. W., and Broderick, J. B. (2016) Biochemistry 55, 3514–3527]. Herein, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is utilized to characterize the [2Fe-2S]+ and [4Fe-4S]+...
Understanding Metal for Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing of metal exists at the convergence of a wide range of advanced technologies ranging from the design of computer solid models and computer-driven machines to high-energy beam processing of materials. Many technologists with diverse backgrounds are being drawn into additive manufacturing with little knowledge of or experience working with metals. This chapter provides a quick refresher of the building blocks of metal, its crystal or microstructure and the properties resulting from the chemistry of the specific metal alloy and the process used to form it into useful shapes. Simple examples are used to illustrate the wider range of forms and structures metal can take as a result of operations such as casting and rolling, then compared with metal processed by additive manufacturing methods. The non-metallurgist is introduced to less common forms of metal such as metal powders, wire, and electrodes as well as the microstructures formed by sintering and solidification. Less common materials such as composites, intermetallic, and metallic glasses are introduced as the potential use and application of these advanced materials is increasing as made possible by the adoption of additive manufacturing.
Deep convolutional Triplet network for quantitative medical image analysis with comparative case study of gamma image classification

Alternative feature generation for quantitative image analysis is proposed. The proposed method reorganize Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to learn representation in Triplet Network. The features are compared with texture features using series of classifiers in a Gamma image classification task that contains visual information but has no known suitable features. Experiment show that features from the Triplet Network method outperform in the classification task suggesting a useful way of extracting feature for task without known suitable feature but advantageous for further investigation.
Effect of macrophages on pancreatic cancer.

324Background: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer related deaths by 2030. TGF-β is a well-studied PDAC mediator with a context dependent ro...
Effects of Interactive Book Reading for Increasing Children’s Knowledge of Instructional Verbs:

Interactive book reading (IBR) has proven effective for increasing children’s lexicons with most of the results based on students’ learning of nouns. Little is known about the application of IBR to...
Management of Adverse Events After Inguinal Hernia Repair

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common general surgery procedures worldwide. While the complication rate associated with this procedure is low, the management of adverse events can be challenging. This chapter explores the treatment of complications following both open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs.
GERM-17. CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFULLY SALVAGED PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) NON-GERMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMORS (NGGCTs)

BACKGROUND Outcomes of patients with relapsed CNS NGGCTs are extremely poor compared to patients with relapsed germinomas. The rarity of these tumors and paucity of prospective clinical trials make it difficult to establish a standard treatment approach.
Sequent Calculus and the Specification of Computation

The sequent calculus has been used for many purposes in recent years within theoretical computer science. In these lectures, we shall highlight some of its uses in the specification of and reasoning about computation.
A methodology for the automation of dry fabric layup for fiber reinforced polymer composite manufacturing

The purpose of this thesis is to test a new method known as shearing for the layup of Non-Crimp Fabric (NCF) plies for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional composite components. This research includes the development of a machine capable of imparting shear on NCF plies. Results are presented with an equation for calculating machine settings for a given contour. The machine is found to be capable of imparting a shear on the fabric, and the shear is found to have a significant positive impact on the quality of these samples during fabric layup. Fatigue tensile testing was conducted to understand the effect of the shearing method on the properties of composite components, and the samples produced by the machine display a fatigue life greater than samples produced by other methods. This research makes the automation of composite layup possible, which could replace high labor costs in industries such as wind turbine blade manufacturing.
Arthritis associated with chronic active hepatitis: complement activation and characterization of circulating immune complexes.

Circulating immune complexes were identified in cryoproteins isolated from serial serum samples from 6 of 10 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with frank arthritis and arthralgias. These immune complexes were not detectable in patients with uncomplicated CAH. Only cyroprecipitates from CAH patients with frank arthritis contained IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement components C3, C4, and C5. Hepatitis B surface antigen was concentrated several-fold in the cryoprotein immune complexes as compared with the serum concentration. The C3 activator fragment of the properdin complex was found in fresh serum of all patients with arthritis but was undetectable in patients with arthralgias and uncomplicated CAH. Thus, the presence of circulating complement-fixing immune complexes in patients with CAH and arthritis is associated with activation of both classical and alternate complement pathways, and suggests that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of the arthritis.
HP New Wave — Intelligente Arbeitsplatzrechner als Fenster zu kooperativen Rechnerumgebungen

Die gesamte Strategie von Hewlett-Packard als Computerhersteller ist naturlich darauf abgestellt, einerseits den Bedurfnissen globaler Markte zu entsprechen, andererseits in der Computerindustrie technologische Trends zu beeinflussen oder selbst Trends zu setzen.
A Software-Defined Phased Array Radio with mmWave to Software Vertical Stack Integration for 5G Experimentation

The paper introduces a software-defined phased array radio (SDPAR) operating around the 5G NR frequency band of 28 GHz. The highly re-configurable phased array radio features beam shaping/steering control as well as data TX/RX function control from a single Python-based software interface. High speed phased array control and configuration functions are enabled by extensive on-chip digital circuits co-integrated with mmWave circuit blocks to achieve agile beam-steering and beam-shaping functions. Beams are formed using up to 128 independently controlled phased array elements using RF beamforming for groups of 16 elements, and IF/digital beamforming thereafter. Both TX and RX capabilities are enabled in both H and V polarizations. These functions are accessed through a software stack providing a top level application programming interface (API) for user programmability. The same API also controls the data communication functions with both TX and RX capabilities enabling USRP-GNU radio functions at around 28 GHz frequency. In addition to the hardware platform, this paper presents a software-only SDPAR emulator to enable fast software-only development cycles prior to real-world experiments using the SDPAR hardware. The SDPAR system platform is expected to significantly benefit networking research for mmWave phased array systems, especially targeted toward 5G communications.
The role of household level electricity data in improving estimates of the impacts of climate on building electricity use

Abstract Prior studies conclude that climate plays one of the most important roles in driving variations in residential electricity consumption. While some past studies have quantified sensitivities of electricity use to ambient temperature, 1) few previous studies utilize both high temporal and spatial resolution electricity data, and 2) no research to our knowledge has investigated how the temporal and spatial resolution of electricity data, and choice of ambient temperature indicators, affects quantification of these sensitivities. In this study, we use smart meter data records of electricity use for 1245 households across California, along with hourly ambient temperature records, to compute electricity–temperature sensitivities using a segmented linear regression approach. We find that electricity use and temperature show the strongest relationships when computed using daily accumulated electricity use and daily average temperatures; using these metrics results in a mean electricity–temperature sensitivity of 0.11 kW °C−1. This value is higher than corresponding sensitivities computed using spatially aggregated data, with values ranging from 0.097–0.10 kW °C−1 depending on the amount of spatial aggregation. Through presenting probability density functions of household-level electricity–temperature sensitivities, we illustrate insights that can be gleaned using high resolution electricity datasets such as that used here. We note that values of electricity–temperature sensitivity reported here are representative of the 1245 households under investigation.
Semiconductor Nanocrystal Light Absorbers for Photon Upconversion

Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) can initiate energy and charge transfer in multiple applications with their unique optical and electronic properties. In particular, NCs are excellent light absorbers for initiating triplet energy transfer (TET) to organic molecules, a key step in triplet-fusion-based photon upconversion. Triplet energy transfer across this inorganic–organic interface is one of the bottlenecks that currently limits the overall photon upconversion quantum yield. In this Perspective, we summarize the progress made in the past three years on this hybrid photon upconversion platform. We discuss the effects of NC size, composition, and surface states on TET. Nanocrystal surface engineering may address the loss mechanisms arising from defect states and exciton–phonon coupling. Alternative materials for NC triplet photosensitizers that do not contain toxic heavy metals will be especially useful for various biological applications.
Novice Social Studies Teachers' Implementation of Differentiation: A Longitudinal Multicase Study.

This longitudinal qualitative multicase study of social studies teachers’ implementation of differentiation examined two educators’ experiences as teacher candidates and beginning teachers, drawing...
A Modular Architecture for Unsupervised Sarcasm Generation

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for sarcasm generation; the system takes a literal negative opinion as input and translates it into a sarcastic version. Our framework does not require any paired data for training. Sarcasm emanates from context-incongruity which becomes apparent as the sentence unfolds. Our framework introduces incongruity into the literal input version through modules that: (a) filter factual content from the input opinion, (b) retrieve incongruous phrases related to the filtered facts and (c) synthesize sarcastic text from the incongruous filtered and incongruous phrases. The framework employs reinforced neural sequence to sequence learning and information retrieval and is trained only using unlabeled non-sarcastic and sarcastic opinions. Since no labeled dataset exists for such a task, for evaluation, we manually prepare a benchmark dataset containing literal opinions and their sarcastic paraphrases. Qualitative and quantitative performance analyses on the data reveal our system’s superiority over baselines built using known unsupervised statistical and neural machine translation and style transfer techniques.
Patient navigation (PN) for colorectal cancer screening (CRC): Experience in program implementation for underserved neighborhoods of Cleveland, Ohio.

147Background: Cleveland, Ohio has high rates of colorectal cancer (CRC). 50% of CRC in Cleveland is late stage, and rates of CRC screening in Cleveland are low. Colonoscopy is a screening method f...
Emergency department telemedicine consults decrease time to interpret computed tomography of the head in a multi-network cohort:

IntroductionTelemedicine can improve access to emergency stroke care in rural areas, but the benefit of telemedicine across different types and models of telemedicine networks is unknown. The objec...
Phase-field investigation of the stages in radial growth of core-shell Ge/Ge1-xSnx nanowires.

Core–shell Ge/Ge1−xSnx nanowires are considered promising silicon-compatible nanomaterials with the potential to achieve a direct band-gap for optoelectronic applications. In this study, we systematically investigated the formation of this heterostructure in the radial direction by the phase field method coupled with elasticity. Our model simulated the shell growth of the wire, capturing the evolution of both the sidewall morphology and the strain distribution. We predicted the minimum chemical potential driving forces required for initiating the Ge1−xSnx shell growth at given tin concentrations. In addition, we studied the dependences of the shell growth rate on the chemical potential, the tin concentration, the sidewall interface kinetics and the mass transport rate respectively. From these analyses, we identified three sequential stages of the growth: the Stage 1 growth at an accelerated rate, the Stage 2 growth at a constant rate, and finally the Stage 3 growth at a reduced rate scaling with . This research improves our current understanding on the growth mechanisms of heterogeneous core–shell nanowires, and provides useful guidelines for optimizing nanowire synthesis pathways.
Resistance exercise training promotes fiber type-specific myonuclear adaptations in older adults

In older adults, progressive resistance exercise training (RET) increased skeletal muscle fiber volume and cross-sectional area independently of myonuclear accretion, leading to an expansion of the...
The Complementary Relationship of Bison Grazing and Arthropod Herbivory in Structuring a Tallgrass Prairie Community

Abstract Large mammal grazing is considered an important biological process that structures many grassland plant communities. While herbivorous arthropods are also important consumers in terrestrial systems, their interaction with large mammal grazing is poorly studied. We performed a field experiment in a tallgrass prairie manipulating arthropod abundance in both bison-grazed and ungrazed areas following a prescribed burn and monitored the plant community for 15 mo. Total plant biomass was unchanged by the end of the experiment, but individual biomass of forbs and grasses was altered by our manipulations. Forb biomass in the bison-grazed/arthropod-reduced plots was two to three times higher than other treatments, while grass biomass was higher in bison-grazed plots where arthropods were unmanipulated. Grass and forb richness showed smaller responses, with a significant difference only in ungrazed areas. Our results suggest that bison grazing and arthropod herbivory work in a complementary way; bison reduce grass biomass, allowing forbs to increase, while herbivorous arthropods reduce forb biomass, allowing grasses to increase. Our study showed that removing herbivorous arthropods may have lengthened the transition from forb to grass dominance, therefore delaying the return of conditions conducive to future disturbance by fire. Therefore, we argue that arthropod herbivory, interacting with large mammal grazing, is an additional important process affecting the plant community composition and disturbance patterns in tallgrass prairies and should be investigated further in additional grassland systems.
L'esprit du christianisme. Introduction à la pensée de Romano Guardini

Romano Guardini (1885-1968) nous livre une pedagogie du divin sous la forme d'une ecriture heroique plutot que moralisante, d'un temoignage plutot que d'une lecon; il est un homme qui a pris Dieu et l'homme au serieux, ne les dissociant jamais du fait de leur relation, mais les embrassant dans le meme regard. Son anthropologie n'est pas coupee de sa philosophie religieuse ou de sa theologie morale et spirituelle. Ce livre invite a recouvrer l'unite profonde de la foi et de la culture, dont l'apotheose est la liturgie, a l'ecole de celui qui fut l'un des maitre de Benoit XVI et l'inspirateur d'une profonde renovation de la pensee chretienne au XXe siecle.
Assessing Multi-Modality Breast Cancer Screening Strategies for BRCA 1/2 Gene Mutation Carriers and Other High-Risk Populations

Women with certain risk factors such as BRCA 1/2 gene mutations and family history of breast or ovarian cancer are at higher risk for breast cancer. For high-risk women, the existing guidelines suggest intensified screening and the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to address some of the limitations of mammography, the standard screening modality for average-risk women. Yet, the cost and false positive rates of MRI and operator dependency of US raise concerns about these modalities and their optimal use. Despite being capable of detecting more cancers than mammography, MRI is significantly more expensive and yields higher number of false-positives. US is cheaper but generally less sensitive than MRI, and is an operator dependent technology, causing substantial variability in the number of resulting false- positive readings and the associated costs. Currently there is no consensus on the optimal use of US and MRI in conjunction with, or instead of, mammography in high-risk women. Given the lack of definitive results from comprehensive randomized controlled trials, our objective in this paper is to study the multi-modality breast cancer screening problem in the high-risk population and identify optimal and cost-effective population screening strategies. For this purpose, we first develop a Markov model to capture the disease progression in high-risk women and parameterize it using the best available evidence. Then, we formulate a mixed integer linear program to identify the optimal structured strategies that are practical for implementation. We further study the structure of the optimal strategies, and establish the conditions under which a strategy with more frequent but less sensitive screens yields higher health benefits than a strategy with more sensitive but less frequent screens. Our main findings are as follows: (1) for young women (women aged 25-44 years-old), annual screening with ultrasound alone, despite its high operator dependency, is affordable with moderate budgets, optimal over a wide range of budget levels and is cost-effective, (2) for middle-aged women (women 45-74 years-old), annual mammography screening is robustly optimal and cost-effective and (3) the use of MRI alone or combined with mammogram, a recommended strategy by the current guidelines, leads to outcomes that are not cost-effective. Our findings can be helpful in designing future trials, developing evidence-based guidelines and informing insurance coverage decisions.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Metabolic Plasticity, and Drug Resistance in Cancer

The metabolic abnormality observed in tumors is characterized by the dependence of cancer cells on glycolysis for their energy requirements. Cancer cells also exhibit a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to the alteration of cellular bioenergetics. A highly coordinated interplay between tumor energetics and ROS generates a powerful phenotype that provides the tumor cells with proliferative, antiapoptotic, and overall aggressive characteristics. In this review article, we summarize the literature on how ROS impacts energy metabolism by regulating key metabolic enzymes and how metabolic pathways e.g., glycolysis, PPP, and the TCA cycle reciprocally affect the generation and maintenance of ROS homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how metabolic adaptation in cancer influences the tumor’s response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Though attempts of targeting tumor energetics have shown promising preclinical outcomes, the clinical benefits are yet to be fully achieved. A better understanding of the interaction between metabolic abnormalities and involvement of ROS under the chemo-induced stress will help develop new strategies and personalized approaches to improve the therapeutic efficiency in cancer patients.
Therapeutic Imagination and the Mystical Moment: Transforming Entrenched Boyhood Grief

This article draws from psychology of religion on the nature of conversion and from pastoral counseling theory on methodizing mystical experiences to explore a previously published case of rapid transformation of a boy’s entrenched grief by means of narrative therapy. It includes additional reflections on the case derived from the author’s personal interview with the therapist.
The effect of 1-day multidisciplinary clinic on breast cancer treatment

A delay in breast cancer treatment is associated with inferior survival outcomes; however, no clear guidelines exist defining the appropriate time frame from diagnosis to definitive treatment of breast cancer. A multidisciplinary approach for breast cancer treatment can minimize the time from diagnosis to first treatment. We hypothesized single-day multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) may accelerate the time to first treatment on complex breast cancer cases at our institution. We identified patients who were treated at Johns Hopkins for stage II or III breast cancer, who were at least 18 years of age, and were seen in a new single-day MDC with coordination between two or three specialties or by specialists from varying disciplines on different days (IDC). Patients who initiated treatment between May 2015 (initiation of MDC clinic) and December 2017 were included in our study. A total of 296 patient records were reviewed independently. The mean (SD) patient age was 55 (13) years. The median time to first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was significantly reduced for patients seen in the MDC (12.7 days), compared to those seen at the IDC (24.4 days, logrank p < 0.001). The median time to definitive surgery was similar between groups (31 and 32 days for the MDC and IDC cohorts, respectively). A single-day MDC visit is associated with a reduced time from diagnosis to NACT. Further studies are needed to determine if a shorter interval can improve the management and the outcome of complex breast cancer cases.
Ligand-Based Phase Control in Porous Zirconium CoordinationCages

Zirconium-based coordination cages have received considerable recent attention as a result of their structural tunability and amenability to post-synthetic modification. Although these structures h...
Toward an understanding of trait competition, cooperation and explicit intergroup prejudice.

We sought to measure whether, and to what extent, correlations existed between trait-level cooperation and competition and different forms of intergroup prejudice. We recruited two samples of heter...
Getting evidence into education: evaluating the routes to policy and practice: edited by Stephen Gorard, Abingdon, Routledge, 2020, xiv + 244 pp., £120.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780367258801 / £34.99 (pbk), ISBN 9780367258832

This is an important book. It turns “what works” into “what is actually working”. Its chapters, from a wide range of authors, address the stinging criticism from Gorard, See, and Siddiqui that “muc...
Thickness trends of electron and hole conduction and contact carrier injection in surface charge transfer doped 2D field effect transistors

One of the main limiting factors in the performance of devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is Fermi level pinning at the contacts, which creates Schottky barriers (SBs) that increase contact resistance and, for most transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), limit hole conduction. A promising method to mitigate these problems is surface charge transfer doping (SCTD), which places fixed charge at the surface of the material and thins the SBs by locally shifting the energy bands. We use a mild O2 plasma to convert the top few layers of a given TMD into a substoichiometric oxide that serves as a p-type SCTD layer. A comprehensive experimental study, backed by TCAD simulations, involving MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, and WSe2 flakes of various thicknesses exposed to different plasma times is used to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for SCTD. The surface charge at the top of the channel and the gate-modulated surface potential at the bottom are found to have competing effects on the channel potential, which results in a decrease in the doping-induced threshold shift and an increase in minimum OFF state current with increasing thickness. Additionally, an undoped channel region is shown to mitigate carrier injection issues in sufficiently thin flakes. Notably, the band movements underlying the SCTD effects are independent of the particular semiconductor material, SCTD strategy, and doping polarity. Consequently, our findings provide critical insights for the design of high-performance transistors for a wide range of materials and SCTD mechanisms including TMD devices with strong hole conduction.
Abstract 15408: Risk Factors Associated With In-hospital Mortality for Cardiac Device Extraction

Introduction: Cardiac device extraction procedures are associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for in-hospital mortality o...
Missed Opportunity for Diversity in Engineering: Black Women and Undergraduate Engineering Degree Attainment

Efforts dedicated towards broadening participation for Black and other underrepresented groups in engineering at post-secondary institutions has intensified in recent decades. However, Black women ...
High Breakdown Current Density in Monolayer Nb4C3Tx MXene

MXenes are an emerging family of transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that are promising for a variety of applications, including energy storage, gas sensors, and electromagnetic interference shielding. A recent report on a very high breakdown current density of ∼1.2 × 108 A cm–2 in Ti3C2Tx further extended the list of potential applications of MXenes to miniaturized on-chip interconnects. In this study, we investigated another promising member of the MXene family, Nb4C3Tx, and found that it also has a very high breakdown current density of ∼1.1 × 108 A cm–2, which is comparable to that of Ti3C2Tx and other highly conductive two-dimensional materials, such as graphene. The measurements were performed on electronic devices based on individual monolayer flakes of Nb4C3Tx, which were tested at gradually increasing voltages until the electrical breakdown was observed. The morphology of Nb4C3Tx devices after the breakdown was studied by microscopic techniques. The high breakdown current densities of Ti3C2Tx and Nb4C3Tx suggest that other members of the large MXene family likely possess this property and could be employed in applications utilizing their high current-carrying capacity.
Populist discourse, (counter-)mobilizations and democratic backsliding in Turkey

Pro-government protests are on the rise in recent years, mostly in populist and/or authoritarian settings, including Turkey. Based on the literatures on populism and social movements, this paper lo...
Persistent Structures in the Turbulent Boundary Layer

Persistent structures in the turbulent boundary layer are located and analyzed. The data are taken from flight experiments on large commercial aircraft. An interval correlation technique is introduced which is able to locate the structures. The Morlet continuous wavelet is shown to not only locates persistent structures but has the added benefit that the pressure data are decomposed in time and frequency. To better understand how power is apportioned among these structures, a discrete Coiflet wavelet is used to decompose the pressure data into orthogonal frequency bands. Results indicate that some structures persist a great deal longer in the TBL than would be expected. These structure contain significant power and may be a primary source of vibration energy in the airframe.
Fractures of the Talus: State of the Art.

Summary:Talus fractures occur rarely but are often associated with complications and functional limitations. Urgent reduction of associated dislocations is recommended with open reduction and internal fixation of displaced fractures when adjacent soft tissue injury permits. Delayed definitive fixati
Organizing Pelagic Ecosystems

Ecological Geography of the Sea . Alan Longhurst. Academic, San Diego, 1998. 412 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-12-455558-6. Longhurst offers an inclusive overview of oceanic ecology, based on the inseparability of the physical environment and the biological communities. Successfully integrating ideas from terrestrial ecology, his synthesis will prove useful to laymen, teachers, graduate students, and research scientists.
Modeling, Tracking and Inverting the Tropospheric Radio Occultation Signals

Abstract Radio occulation signals propagating through the moist lower troposphere are subjected to strong fluctuation due to the multipath. This causes problems for tracking such signals by means of routine phase-locked loop technique, as well as for their inversions into refractivity by means of routine calculation of the bending angles from Doppler. In this paper we discuss: 1) modeling of realistic radio occultation signals with the use of high resolution tropical radiosondes; 2) open-loop tracking technique capable of capturing the complicated structure of such signals; 3) radio holographic inversion technique capable of solving for the multipath propagation.
Biogenic Amines and Drug Action in the Nervous System of Various Vertebrate Classes

Publisher Summary The problem of the functional significance of catecholamines and serotonin in the brain has stimulated considerable research in recent years, and has led to the view that norepinephrine and serotonin might be neurohormoces of the functionally opposing systems postulated by Hess. Considerable research is also being carried out on the nature of the biophysical units at nerve endings, which synthesize, store, and release the biogenic amines. The understanding of these processes might be enhanced by comparative studies of the amines in the nervous system of the various vertebrate classes. Reports have appeared on the distribution of serotonin in the nervous system of various vertebrates, as well as on the distribution of catecholamines. As far as it is known, however, a phylogenetic comparison of the two brain amines has not been published. Recently, on a study of the formatioil, storage and release of the amines has been embarked to see whether these processes in the nerve endings of lower vertebrates are basically similar to those in mammals. The present chapter reports the findings to date.
The Griswold 9 and Student Activism for Faculty Diversity at Harvard Law School in the Early 1990s

This article reconstructs a mostly forgotten moment in Harvard Law School history when the students organized in the early 1990s across race, gender, sexual orientation, and ability and disability lines to push for faculty diversity. The new student coalition, called the Coalition for Civil Rights, gave the students’ activism unusual momentum. This initiative included the first time that law students, acting pro se, sued their law school for discrimination in faculty hiring and the first time Harvard Law School students were publically tried by their school’s Administrative Board for conducting an overnight sit-in at the Dean’s office (i.e., the Griswold 9 incident). Drawing upon social movement theory, the author analyzes why the activism was so robust during this time period by applying the concepts of signaling, framing, and resource mobilization to the actions of the students. The author argues that the unprecedented diversity of the coalition contributed to the activism’s intensity in key ways. First, the protests by this diverse group signaled to the entire student body that the faculty diversity movement was gaining momentum. Second, the ways in which the coalition members framed an inclusive conception of diversity created a sense of strong group cohesion among students. Third, the diversity of the group served as a resource that enhanced the coalition’s problem solving abilities. The author concludes that although the most vigorous activism was relatively short-lived, the students that were involved in this coalition were nonetheless successful in making their voices heard by Harvard University and the general public.
A progress report on a NASA research program for embedded computer systems software

The paper presents the results of the second stage of the Multipurpose User-oriented Software Technology (MUST) program. Four primary areas of activities are discussed: programming environment, HAL/S higher-order programming language support, the Integrated Verification and Testing System (IVTS), and distributed system language research. The software development environment is provided by the interactive software invocation system. The higher-order programming language (HOL) support chosen for consideration is HAL/S mainly because at the time it was one of the few HOLs with flight computer experience and it is the language used on the Shuttle program. The overall purpose of IVTS is to provide a 'user-friendly' software testing system which is highly modular, user controlled, and cooperative in nature.
Teaching and Evaluating Surgical Skills

Gynecologic surgery has advanced during the past two decades. Refinements in instrumentation, video technology, suture material, and adhesion prevention have resulted in less morbid and more efficient procedures. New vistas will certainly challenge the new resident physician or the experienced surgeon to rethink his or her surgical approach. Cutting-edge robotics may forecast a time when the pelvic surgeon operates with accuracy and safety bawayQ from the patient. With the introduction of these new procedures and with more emphasis on quality assurance, there is a need to critically evaluate the surgeon’s capabilities. Dr. Rebecca Rogers guest edits a compelling issue dedicated to teaching and evaluating current skills while recognizing certain pitfalls to avoid in surgical training. This effort was undertaken in response to rapid changes encountered in the teaching of surgical principles. New surgical trainees and established surgeons alike will benefit from learning new technical approaches to prepare for evolving technology. This issue reflects not only the basic, sound principles of established gynecologic surgical skills, but also what is controversial in the sometimes slow yet steady advance in knowledge of our surgical specialty. Major educational topics are addressed by the 15 contributing authors who excel as surgical educators. Uses of imagery and virtual reality simulations are presented along with specific suggestions for improving current techniques in the operating room. This comObstet Gynecol Clin N Am
Design of robot assistance for arm movement therapy following stroke

This paper describes the mechanical and control design of a robotic device for providing therapeutic assistance to arm movement following stroke. The device uses a single motor and a passively orie...
The synthesis and molecular structure of π-cyclopentadienyl-π-tetraphenylcyclobutadienerhodium(I)

The reaction of π-cyclopentadienyl-π-1,5-cyclooctadienerhodium(I) and diphenylacetylene gives hexaphenylbenzene as the principal product with a low yield of π-cyclopentadienyl-π-tetraphenylcyclobutadienerhodium(I). The crystal structure of π-cyclopentadienyl-π-tetraphenylcyclobutadienerhodium(I) was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques using diffractometer data. The crystals are monoclinic with unit cell dimensions of a =13.416(3), b =19.534(6), c =13.411(2) A and β=135.01 (1)°. The space group is P 2 1 / c and, with four molecules per unit cell, no molecular symmetry is required ( D m =1.40 g/cm 3 and D c =1.411 g/cm 3 ). The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by least-squares methods to a final R of 0.043 for the 3675 observed reflections used in the analysis. The rhodium atom is coordinated to both the cyclopentadienyl group (Rh-ring distance is 1.868 A) and the tetraphenylcyclobutadiene group (Rh-ring distance is 1.828 A). The phenyl groups are twisted relative to the C 4 ring and bent away from the rhodium atom.
Epidemics in Adaptive Social Networks with Temporary Link Deactivation

Disease spread in a society depends on the topology of the network of social contacts. Moreover, individuals may respond to the epidemic by adapting their contacts to reduce the risk of infection, thus changing the network structure and affecting future disease spread. We propose an adaptation mechanism where healthy individuals may choose to temporarily deactivate their contacts with sick individuals, allowing reactivation once both individuals are healthy. We develop a mean-field description of this system and find two distinct regimes: slow network dynamics, where the adaptation mechanism simply reduces the effective number of contacts per individual, and fast network dynamics, where more efficient adaptation reduces the spread of disease by targeting dangerous connections. Analysis of the bifurcation structure is supported by numerical simulations of disease spread on an adaptive network. The system displays a single parameter-dependent stable steady state and non-monotonic dependence of connectivity on link deactivation rate.
The Influence of Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspiration on Serum Thyroglobulin

To determine whether percutaneous needle aspiration of the thyroid affects tests of thyroid function, in particular thyroglobulin (TG), serum TG, T4, free T4 index, T3, and TSH were measured before and after percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid in 25 subjects. Seven control subjects were tested before and after vigorous external manual palpation of the thyroid. Serial measurements were made additionally in 3 subjects undergoing thyroid surgery to assess how quickly serum TG increases after injury. The results were analyzed, and statistically significant differences between paired results were defined if the differences were greater than the maximum interassay variation in 11 consecutive assays. Eleven out of 25 patients had statistically significant elevations of serum TG after aspiration. None of the seven who underwent external manual palpation of the thyroid glandhad elevation of serum TG. With three exceptions, there were no significant changes in serum T4, free T4 index, T3, and TSH i...
Theoretical studies of nucleic acid interactions. I. Estimates of conformational mobility in intercalated chains

A combined geometric and potential-energy analysis has been carried out to identify the torsional arrangements of the nucleic acid chain that can accommodate the intercalation of small planar moieties. In contrast to previous theoretical efforts, which detail local conformations after adjacent bases are positioned in space, the likely geometries are found here on the basis of the base orientations that result from all feasible combinations of the nine torsional variables of the basic dinucleotide intercalation unit. The relatively mobile nature of the sugar-phosphate backbone, together with the fairly long stretches of chemical bonds between adjacent units, is apparently responsible for the large number of feasible binding geometries. Some previously overlooked conformations with unusual sugar-puckering combinations and various phosphodiester arrangements are found in the survey. A large proportion of the energetically favored intercalation states are closely related to the backbone conformations of familiar double-helical models such as A-, B-, and Z-DNA, as well as the Watson-Crick model. Moreover, the intercalated forms are found to interconvert smoothly along a continuous conformational pathway. The intercalation structures derived from x-ray crystallographic analyses of drug-oligonucleotide complexes, in contrast, are stiff three-dimensional forms essentially frozen in a single domain of conformation space. Specific ligand-nucleic acid interactions that may be responsible for the experimental observations are not included in this study. The classical intramolecular potential energies reported here are highly approximate, providing only rough gauges of the relative importance of the many competing conformations.