cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis on 100-seed Weight and Oil Content of Pistacia chinensis seed from Different Provenances

Seeds(with crust) of pistacia chinensis that were collected from different places were used for comparative analysis in order to study 100-seed weight and oil content of seed from Different Provenances,some places such as Qinling area of Taihang mountains,Henan,Hebei,Shanxi,Anhui,Beijing,Yunnan,Fujian and Sichuan. The results showed that, the range of 100-seed Weight was 3.35～5.13g and oil content of seeds was 20%～30%.
On Necessary Padding with IO.

We show that the common proof technique of padding a circuit before IO obfuscation is sometimes necessary. That is, assuming indistinguishability obfuscation (IO) and one-way functions exist, we define samplers Sam0, which outputs (aux0, C0), and Sam1, which outputs (aux1, C1) such that: • The distributions (aux0, iO(C0)) and (aux1, iO(C1)) are perfectly distinguishable. • For padding s = poly(λ), the distributions (aux0, iO(C0‖0)) and (aux1, iO(C1‖0)) are computationally indistinguishable. We note this refutes the recent “Superfluous Padding Assumption” of Brzuska and Mittelbach[BM15]. ∗Email: holmgren@csail.mit.edu. This work was done while the author was visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, supported by the Simons Foundation and by the DIMACS/Simons Collaboration in Cryptography through NSF grant #CNS-1523467. This research was also supported by NSF Eager CNS1347364, NSF Frontier CNS1413920, the Simons Foundation (agreement dated June 5, 2012), Air Force Laboratory FA875011-20225, and Lincoln Lab PO7000261954.
Correlation of P-glycoprotein expression and function in childhood acute leukemia: a children's cancer group study.

Clinical drug resistance may be attributed to the simultaneous selection and expression of genes modulating the uptake and metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) functions as a membrane-associated drug efflux pump whose increased expression results in resistance to anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, vinca alkaloids, and some alkylating agents. This type of resistance occurs as both de novo and acquired resistance to therapy for leukemia. We have studied P-gp expression and function in childhood acute leukemias by developing a series of doxorubicin- and vincristine-selected CEM, T-cell lymphoblastoid cell lines that recapitulate the low levels of expression and resistance seen clinically. These cell lines have been used to develop flow cytometric assays for the semiquantitative measurements of P-gp expression with the MRK16 monoclonal antibody and P-gp function using the enhanced retention of rhodamine 123 in the presence of verapamil, a resistance modulator. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, represented by the D measurement, are used to determine the difference in level of P-gp expression by comparing MRK16 staining to an IgG2a isotype control. When D is > 0.09, there is an excellent correlation (R = 0.82) between P-gp expression and function. The evaluation of 107 bone marrow specimens from 84 children with lymphoblastic or myelogenous leukemia showed a statistically significant (P = .004) increase in P-gp function at relapse. P-gp expression at relapse, however, approached but did not reach a significant level (P = .097). Using this methodology, we can identify patients with levels of P-gp expression and function that we can define clinically, as well as children with discordant multidrug resistance phenotypes. This study supports the role of P-gp-mediated drug resistance in childhood leukemia and confirms that P-gp expression and function are measurable in their leukemic blasts. These assays provide the means for the in vitro testing of resistance modulators and the monitoring of in vivo response to treatment with these agents.
Evo-Devo-EpiR: a genome-wide search platform for epistatic control on the evolution of development

Evo-devo is a theory proposed to study how phenotypes evolve by comparing the developmental processes of different organisms or the same organism experiencing changing environments. It has been recognized that nonallelic interactions at different genes or quantitative trait loci, known as epistasis, may play a pivotal role in the evolution of development, but it has proven difficult to quantify and elucidate this role into a coherent picture. We implement a high-dimensional genome-wide association study model into the evo-devo paradigm and pack it into the R-based Evo-Devo-EpiR, aimed at facilitating the genome-wide landscaping of epistasis for the diversification of phenotypic development. By analyzing a high-throughput assay of DNA markers and their pairs simultaneously, Evo-Devo-EpiR is equipped with a capacity to systematically characterize various epistatic interactions that impact on the pattern and timing of development and its evolution. Enabling a global search for all possible genetic interactions for developmental processes throughout the whole genome, Evo-Devo-EpiR provides a computational tool to illustrate a precise genotype-phenotype map at interface between epistasis, development and evolution.
Immunization of Health-Care Providers: Necessity and Public Health Policies

Health-care providers (HCPs) are at increased risk for exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in the workplace. The rationale for immunization of HCPs relies on the need to protect them and, indirectly, their patients from health-care-associated VPDs. Published evidence indicates significant immunity gaps for VPDs of HCPs globally. Deficits in knowledge and false perceptions about VPDs and vaccines are the most common barriers for vaccine uptake and may also influence communication about vaccines between HCPs and their patients. Most countries have immunization recommendations for HCPs; however, there are no universal policies and significant heterogeneity exists between countries in terms of vaccines, schedules, frame of implementation (recommendation or mandatory), and target categories of HCPs. Mandatory influenza immunization policies for HCPs have been implemented with high vaccine uptake rates. Stronger recommendations for HCP immunization and commitment at the level of the health-care facility are critical in order to achieve high vaccine coverage rates. Given the importance to health, mandatory immunization policies for VPDs that can cause serious morbidity and mortality to vulnerable patients should be considered.
Cardiovascular and Thrombotic Complications of Novel Multiple Myeloma Therapies: A Review.

Importance Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignant abnormality. The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has greatly improved the overall survival of patients with MM. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and thrombotic issues associated with novel MM therapies have emerged as important aspects of supportive care in patients with MM. Observations We searched PubMed and the Cochrance database for studies published from March 2001 to January 2016. Emerging evidence suggests that both IMiDs and PIs can have cardiovascular (CV) sequelae, which include thromboembolic complications, cardiac, and vascular toxic effects. These complications occur against the backdrop of a high prevalence of CV disease in the MM population as well as the adverse cardiac and vascular effects of MM itself. Conclusions and Relevance This review provides an overview of the incidences, clinical presentations, and mechanisms of CV complications in the MM population. We conclude that more research is needed for better screening and preventive strategies to abrogate these toxic effects and improve patient care.
MicroRNA cluster miR-17-92 Cluster in Exosomes Enhance Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Stroke in Rats.

Background and Purpose—Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) harvested exosomes are hypothesized as the major paracrine effectors of MSCs. In vitro, the miR-17–92 cluster promotes oligodendrog...
Integrative Literature Review of Factors Related to Breastfeeding in African American Women: Evidence for a Potential Paradigm Shift.

Background:Human milk has widespread health benefits for infants, mothers, and society. However, not all populations of women, particularly African American women, engage in human milk feeding at high rates.Research aim:The purpose of this integrative literature review is twofold: (a) to examine factors that influence low rates of human milk feeding among African American women and (b) to introduce a need for a methodological paradigm shift to develop culturally relevant and effective interventions.Methods:The authors searched four electronic social science databases for peer-reviewed journal articles pertaining to human milk among African American women published from 1990 to 2015. Both coauthors independently assessed these articles using thematic analysis and validation. The database search yielded 47 peer-reviewed articles.Results:Three main themes emerged explaining the human milk feeding disparity: (a) the social characteristics of women likely not to feed human milk (e.g., low socioeconomic status,...
Controlling the self-folding of a polymer sheet using a local heater: the effect of the polymer–heater interface

Self-folding of a pre-strained shape memory polymer (SMP) sheet was demonstrated using local joule heating. Folding is caused by shrinkage variation across the thickness of the SMP sheet. The folding direction can be controlled by the interfacial interaction between the heater and the SMP sheet. When the heater is placed on the SMP sheet with no constraint (weak interface), the SMP sheet folds toward the heater. Temperature gradient across the SMP thickness gives rise to the shrinkage variation. By contrast, when the heater is fixed to the SMP sheet (strong interface), the SMP sheet can fold away from the heater. In this case shrinkage variation is dictated by the constraining effect of the heater. In either mode, 180 degrees folding can be achieved. The folding angle can be controlled by varying the heater width and folding time. This method is simple and can be used to fold structures with sharp angles in a sequential manner. A variety of structures were folded as demonstrations, including digital numbers 0–9, a cube, a boat, and a crane.
CRISPR-STOP: gene silencing through base-editing-induced nonsense mutations

CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA damage may have deleterious effects at high-copy-number genomic regions. Here, we use CRISPR base editors to knock out genes by changing single nucleotides to create stop codons. We show that the CRISPR-STOP method is an efficient and less deleterious alternative to wild-type Cas9 for gene-knockout studies. Early stop codons can be introduced in ∼17,000 human genes. CRISPR-STOP-mediated targeted screening demonstrates comparable efficiency to WT Cas9, which indicates the suitability of our approach for genome-wide functional screenings.
Innovative financing instruments for global health 2002-15: a systematic analysis.

Summary Development assistance for health (DAH), the value of which peaked in 2013 and fell in 2015, is unlikely to rise substantially in the near future, increasing reliance on domestic and innovative financing sources to sustain health programmes in low-income and middle-income countries. We examined innovative financing instruments (IFIs)—financing schemes that generate and mobilise funds—to estimate the quantum of financing mobilised from 2002 to 2015. We identified ten IFIs, which mobilised US$8·9 billion (2·3% of overall DAH) in 2002–15. The funds generated by IFIs were channelled mostly through GAVI and the Global Fund, and used for programmes for new and underused vaccines, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and maternal and child health. Vaccination programmes received the largest amount of funding ($2·6 billion), followed by HIV/AIDS ($1080·7 million) and malaria ($1028·9 million), with no discernible funding targeted to non-communicable diseases.
Leveraging the Serverless Architecture for Securing Linux Containers

Linux containers present a lightweight solution to package applications into images and instantiate them in isolated environments. Such images may include vulnerabilities that can be exploited at runtime. A vulnerability scanning service can detect these vulnerabilities by periodically scanning the containers and their images for potential threats. When a threat is detected, an event may be generated to (1) quarantine or terminate the compromised container(s) and optionally (2) remedy the vulnerability by rebuilding a secure image. We believe that such event-driven process is a great fit to be implemented in a serverless architecture. In this paper we explore the design of an automated threat mitigation architecture based on OpenWhisk and Kubernetes.
Hidden Benefits of Honeybee Propolis in Hives

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), like many social insects, have collective behavioral defenses called “social immunity” to help defend and protect the colony against pathogens and parasites. One example of social immunity is the collection of plant resins by honey bees and the placement of the resins on the interior walls of the nest cavity, where it is called a propolis envelope. Propolis is known to have many antimicrobial proprieties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses and has been harvested from bee hives for use in human medicine since antiquity. However, the benefit of propolis to honey bees has not been studied until recently. This chapter focuses on how bees collect and use the antimicrobial properties of plant resins within the hive as a form of social immunity and defense against infectious bacterial and fungal pathogens. The studies presented here demonstrate the significance of the propolis envelope as a crucial component of the nest architecture in honey bee colonies. The collection and deposition of resins into the nest architecture impact individual immunity, colony health, and support honey bees’ antimicrobial defenses. These studies emphasize the importance of resin to bees and show that plants are not only a source of food, but can also be “pharmacies.”
EDGAR JAFFÉ E ELSE VON RICHTHOFEN À LUZ DE CARTAS RECÉM-DESCOBERTAS

The article tells the story of Edgar Jaffe and Else von Richthofen and their social and intellectual circles, of which participated, among others, Max and Marianne Weber. The report is based on the mail exchange between the couple Jaffe/ von Richthofen during the years 1902 and 1918, discovered by the author in New York with their grandson Christopher Jeffrey, who donated over a thousand letters to the Leo Baeck Institute in 2009. The narrative allows the reader to understand the drama of a strand of German intellectuals, to reveal their intimacy, marriages, friendships, eroticism, career choices and political loyalties, before and after the First World War. In the history of sociology, Edgar Jaffe is known as one of the editors of the Archiv fur Sozialpolitik und Sozialwissenschaft, along with Werner Sombart and Max Weber; Else von Richthofen, as a muse of intellectuals and beloved student of Max Weber – with whom he maintained the bond of love late in life. In the article, however, entering the couple’s intense letterwriting, the author intends that Edgar Jaffe and Else von Richthofen speak for themselves
Optothermally Controlled Charge Transfer Plasmons in Au-Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 Core-Shell Dimers

Functional and reversible plasmonic resonances across the visible and near-infrared spectrum have opened new avenues for developing advanced next-generation nanophotonic devices. In this study, by using optothermally controlled phase-change material (PCM) for plasmonic nanostructures, we successfully induced highly tunable charge transfer plasmon (CTP) resonance modes. To this end, we have chosen a two-member dimer assembly consisting of gold cores and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) shells in distant, touching, and overlapping regimes. We show that switching between amorphous (dielectric) and crystalline (conductive) phases of GST allows for achieving tunable dipolar and CTP resonances and enables an effective interplay between these modes along the near-infrared spectrum. By analyzing electromagnetically calculated spectral responses for the dimer antenna in tunneling and direct charge transfer regimes, we confirmed that the induced CTPs in touching and overlapping regimes are highly controllable and pronounced in comparison to the quantum tunneling regime. We also use the precise, fast, and controllable switching between dipolar and CTP resonant modes to develop a telecommunication switch based on a simple metallodielectric dimer. The proposed structures can help designing optothermally controlled devices without morphological variations in the geometry of the design, and having strong potential for advanced plasmon modulation and fast data routing.
Ecuador : Potential Policies for the Future

In 1531 Spanish explorers embarked from Peru and landed in what is now modem day Ecuador. Peru was "the richest of the New World prizes won for the Spanish crown" (Ecuador, 1991), but the Spanish wanted to find more colonies to plunder. Drunk with tales ofgreat riches in Ecuador, King Charles I of Spain decided to send an explorer by the name of Francisco Pizzaro to investigate. Pizzaro and his men killed thousands of Inca tribesmen; they also looted and. pillaged everything that they could find. By the early 154Os, the whole ofwhat is now Ecuador was under Spanish control. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol5/iss1/17 Ecuador: Potential Policies for the Future
Hyperosmotic induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffolding.

Abstract Eukaryotic cells respond to hyperosmotic conditions by expunging water from the cell, leading to cell shrinkage. This is counteracted by adaptive responses that restore cell volume and strengthen the cytoskeletal architecture. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , this response is mediated primarily by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade CDC42‐STE50‐STE11‐Pbs2‐Hog1. In mammalian cells, MAPK scaffold proteins facilitate the efficiency of signaling within the cascade by placing a kinase near its substrate and also regulate the subcellular localization of the signaling. Our laboratory has discovered a scaffold that coordinates the analogous Hog1 signal in mammalian cells, termed OSM ( o smosensing s caffold for M EKK3). OSM organizes a complex consisting of the small GTPase Rac, MEKK3, and MKK3 for the activation of p38 MAPK. Interactions among OSM, Rac, and MEKK3 are augmented in response to sorbitol and are also localized to membrane ruffles, sites of rapid actin turnover. Suppression of the expression of OSM or MEKK3 by RNA interference strongly inhibits the sorbitol‐dependent activation of p38. Furthermore, mutations in OSM were concurrently found to cause cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), a disease of the central nervous system characterized by thin‐walled, leaky blood vessels that become hemorrhagic. Our laboratory has also demonstrated that Krit1, another gene harboring mutations that lead to CCM, binds OSM and its interaction is enhanced in response to sorbitol in a similar manner as the MEKK3–OSM interaction. This chapter describes the cell biological and biochemical methods used for assaying protein–protein interactions in live cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, in vitro kinase assays for MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 pathway members, and gene suppression by RNA interference to study hyperosmotic stress‐dependent signaling.
Mosaics, Tiling, and Coverage by Retinal Neurons

Retinal nerve cells are distributed as nonrandom arrays across the retinal surface. The regularity in such retinal mosaics is considered to be fundamental to retinal organization, ensuring a uniform distribution of labor in processing the visual image across global variations in cellular density. Nearest neighbor analysis has been the classic means to assess the regularity in such retinal arrays, but Voronoi-based analyses have recently come into favor for describing the two-dimensional patterning in retinal mosaics. Auto- and cross-correlation analyses and modeling studies have established that the patterning in these mosaics is largely achieved by mechanisms acting during development that prohibit like-type cells from being positioned in close proximity to one another, being independent of the patterning present in other nerve cell types. This somal patterning is widely presumed to increase the uniformity by which the processes of these cells cover the retinal surface. The degree of dendritic overlap between homotypic neighbors is characteristic of each type of nerve cell: those that extend their processes to the tips of their homotypic neighbors tessellate the retinal surface perfectly, ensuring that each location on the retina is subserved by the dendrites of one and only one cell. Other cell types establish a retinal coverage far greater than one, extending their overlapping processes in proportion to the decline in homotypic cell density in order to maintain a constant coverage across the retina. Still other cell types do not appear to regulate process outgrowth in relation to their neighbors. Such variation in overlap, and the associated connectivity established within the plexiform layers, is directly related to the functional contribution of each cell type, with those cell types subserving image-forming functions generally displaying greater regularity and homotypic control of overlap, while those subserving modulatory functions showing less regularity and an absence of homotypic dendritic regulation.
The influence of level of issue relevance and emotional appeals in public service ads on attitudes and behavioral intentions toward global climate change

This study examines the main and interactive effects of two emotional appeals (fear and happy) in public service advertisements and the degree to which this topic is assessed as relevant to people’s lives on participants’ attitude toward the advertisement, their attitude toward global climate change as an issue, and their intention to practice behaviors expected to mitigate global climate change. The hypotheses posed were not supported. In absolute terms, however, the results of this experiment showed that participants with high issue relevance reported more positive attitude toward the advertisement, more positive attitude toward global climate change, and greater behavioral intention after viewing a global climate change advertisement.
New Approaches to Treatment of Atrial Tachycardia

Atrial tachyarrhythmias represent a great challenge to successful treatment. Therapy of ectopic atrial tachycardia may be approached with either medical managment or, with increasing success, radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation.
Customer Service Skill Development for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Video Modeling

Preparing secondary students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for a variety of potential professions is important to enhance their postsecondary employment outcomes. This article provides step-b...
Le degré de calcifications du tronc coeliaque et de l’artère mésentérique supérieure sur le scanner préopératoire est-il prédictif d’une fistule anastomotique dans la colectomie droite ? Étude retrospective monocentrique

Resume La fistule anastomotique est une complication grave de la chirurgie colique. Le but de notre etude a ete d’evaluer l’impact des calcifications du tronc cœliaque et de l’artere mesenterique superieure chez les patients ayant une colectomie droite programmee et en particulier sur le risque de fistule anastomotique. Materiel et methodes L’ensemble des scanners preoperatoires ont ete analyses retrospectivement chez les patients ayant eus une colectomie droite entre janvier 2011 et decembre 2016 au CHD Vendee. Un score de calcification a ete etablit et correle au taux de fistule anastomotique et au score ASA des patients. Resultats Deux-cent cinquante-trois patients ont ete analyses. Vingt-trois ont eu une fistule anastomotique postoperatoire. L’analyse stratifiee montre qu’a partir d’un score de calcification superieur ou egal a 3, le risque de developper une fistule anastomotique est augmentee de maniere significatif (p Conclusion Un score de calcification superieur ou egal a 3 est correle a un risque de fistule anastomotique. Cette analyse scannographique est simple, facile et reproductible. Ce score de calcification doit etre confirme par une etude prospective.
Risk of ischemic placental disease in fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles

Objectives To evaluate the association of fresh and frozen embryo transfer with the development of ischemic placental disease (IPD), hypothesizing that differences in implantation environment affect placentation and thus pregnancy outcomes. Design We performed a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of deliveries linked to IVF cycles. Setting Tertiary hospital and infertility treatment center. Patient(s) We included all women who underwent an autologous IVF cycle and had a live-born infant or an intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). We excluded women less than 18 years of age. Intervention(s) We compared pregnancies resulting from frozen embryo transfer (frozen) cycles with those resulting from fresh embryo transfer (fresh) cycles. Main Outcome Measure(s) The primary outcome was a composite outcome of IPD or IUFD due to placental insufficiency. Ischemic placental disease included pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, and small for gestational age (SGA). We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result(s) Compared with fresh cycles, frozen cycles had a lower risk of IPD or IUFD from placental insufficiency (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.97). Frozen cycles also conferred a lower risk of SGA than fresh cycles (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.81). Risks of pre-eclampsia (RR 1.3, 95% CI 0.84–1.9) and abruption (RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.56–2.4) were similar. Conclusion(s) There was a lower risk of IPD among frozen cycles compared with fresh cycles. This association was largely driven by lower risk of SGA among frozen cycles.
Shaping an Urban Practice

The history of the multinational architecture and engineering firm AECOM provides a powerful account of the transformations taking place within architectural practice during the end of the twentiet...
Supporting family caregivers: Needs beyond direct caregiving.

16Background: Family caregivers have been shown to have their own unique challenges when caring for someone with advanced cancer. These challenges may be more pronounced among rural caregivers. We ...
Assessing the Relationship between the Enhanced Gait Variability Index and Falls in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Gait impairment and increased gait variability are common among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and have been associated with increased risk for falls. The development of composite scores has gained interest to aggregate multiple aspects of gait into a single metric. The Enhanced Gait Variability Index (EGVI) was developed to compare an individual's gait variability to the amount of variability in a healthy population, yet the EGVI's individual parts may also provide important information that may be lost in this conversion. We sought to contrast individual gait measures as predictors of fall frequency and the EGVI as a single predictor of fall frequency in individuals with PD. 273 patients (189M, 84F; 68 ± 10 yrs) with idiopathic PD walked over an instrumented walkway and reported fall frequency over three months (never, rarely, monthly, weekly, or daily). The predictive ability of gait velocity, step length, step time, stance time, and single support time and the EGVI was assessed using regression techniques to predict fall frequency. The EGVI explained 15.1% of the variance in fall frequency (p < 0.001, r = 0.389). Although the regression using the combined spatiotemporal measures to predict fall frequency was significant (p=0.002, r = 0.264), none of the components reached significance (gait velocity: p=0.640, step length: p=0.900, step time: p=0.525, stance time: p=0.532, single support time: p=0.480). The EGVI is a better predictor of fall frequency in persons with PD than its individual spatiotemporal components. Patients who fall more frequently have more variable gait, based on the interpretation of the EGVI. While the EGVI provides an objective measure of gait variability with some ability to predict fall frequency, full clinical interpretations and applications are currently unknown.
Conventional Supervoltage Radiation in the Treatment of Acromegaly

In the present work, we will review our previous studies on the use of conventional supervoltage radiation in the treatment of acromegaly (1–5), present more extended data on the total group of patients that we have treated and followed over the past 22 years (1964–1986), and present data on patients who were irradiated following unsuccessful surgical therapy.
The Concept and Federal Crime of Mortgage Fraud

The impact of mortgage fraud on the United States financial and economic system during the past twenty years has been severe and enduring. Nothing illustrates this fact better than the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Scholars and policymakers are convinced that the explosion in so-called liar’s loans, which were securitized and sold to investors, played a key role in either causing or ex-acerbating the housing bubble and financial meltdown that led to the Great Recession. Unfortunately, efforts to understand and address the problem of mortgage fraud are undermined by fundamental confusion regarding the nature of mortgage fraud as a federal criminal offense. Some of this confusion is due to the fact that there is no single federal mortgage fraud statute. Thus, almost every legal actor relies on the FBI’s definition of mortgage fraud. Surprisingly, however, the influential FBI definition is plainly inconsistent in key respects with elements of the federal criminal statutes most often used to punish mortgage fraud. We should be concerned that the FBI, which investigates mortgage fraud, cannot get the basic definition of the crime of mortgage fraud right — and that scholars and commentators uncritically accept and use that problematic definition. This Article provides scholars and lawmakers with an understanding of the meaning of mortgage fraud as a federal crime. In particular, it makes three practical contributions to public policy discourse regarding mortgage fraud. First, this Article distinguishes mortgage origination fraud from securities fraud involving mortgage-backed securities and other financial crimes related to the housing market. Second, this Article urges care in the use of the term “fraud.” Not every misstatement in a mortgage application is fraud. Scholars who write about fraudulent mortgage loans must acknowledge that loan documents cannot have mens rea and that not all mortgage application falsehoods warrant the imposition of criminal liability. Most importantly, this Article demonstrates why scholars and policymakers should take great care before using the FBI’s deeply flawed definition of mortgage fraud.
Suspected Succinylcholine-Induced Masseter Muscle Rigidity During Rapid Sequence Intubation in the Air Medical Setting.

ABSTRACT Trismus, or masseter muscle rigidity, is a rare but previously described complication of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade. We present a case report that details unique aspects of suspected masseter muscle rigidity in the prehospital setting air medical setting after attempted rapid sequence intubation with succinylcholine. We then discuss the need for knowledge base of this life-threatening and rarely described syndrome as well as the importance of working through a differential diagnosis and specific trismus-focused airway algorithm. Trismus, or masseter muscle rigidity (MMR), is a rare but previously described complication of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade. It has been cited in anesthesia and emergency medicine literature as a potentially life-threatening complication and requires prompt intervention. This case report details a unique case of suspected MMR in the prehospital setting after attempted rapid sequence intubation (RSI) with succinylcholine performed by an experienced aeromedical flight crew.
Backwards Lasing from Krypton in Atmospheric Air

We present first evidence of backwards lasing from Krypton present in atmospheric air. Two-photon femtosecond UV excitation leads to stimulated emission at 759nm. The air laser can be used for standoff detection.
Complexity in One- and Two-Qubit Systems

We numerically analyze the complexity of unitary time-evolution and precursor operators in one- and two-qubit systems using the framework of Nielsen complexity geometry. We find that, as expected, the complexities of unitary time evolution operators grow linearly with time, at least initially, for both the one- and two-qubit cases. The precursor operators display switchback-effect-like behavior provided we choose our cost factors so that the resulting complexity geometry is negatively curved.
Malignant Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors and Role of SLNB.

Background Malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors (MCATs) are rare and their natural history is poorly understood. Available literature indicates aggressive behavior with a significant risk of metastasis. Study Design Retrospective review of our institutional surgical oncology databases was performed for patients diagnosed with MCATs (2001-2020). We hypothesized that most patients have a low risk of lymph node involvement, recurrence, and death. Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis was used to assess risk of recurrence and 5-year survival. Results We identified 41 patients diagnosed with MCATs (median age 59 years, 68% were men). Most patients had long-standing cutaneous lesions (median 24 months) and no palpable adenopathy. Most patients had stage I or II disease (98%). Primary tumors were treated with wide local excision (n = 28 [68%]), Mohs surgery (n = 5 [12%]), or amputation (n = 8 [19%]). Of 25 patients who underwent SLNB (61%), 1 had lymphatic metastasis. These include apocrine carcinoma (1 of 3), digital papillary adenocarcinoma (0 of 8), porocarcinoma (0 of 4), and additional MCAT sub-types (0 of 10). Three patients (7%) had disease recurrence at a median interval of 3.6 years (interquartile range 1.5 to 4.4 years). Five patients (12%) died at a median interval of 7 years (interquartile range 6.7 to 9.2 years), but only 1 patient was known to have succumbed to MCAT. Overall 5-year survival rate was 96% (95% CI, 75% to 99%). Conclusions Despite the historical impression that MCATs have a high metastatic potential, most patients have low recurrence rates and excellent 5-year survival rates. Lymphatic disease identified after SLNB in early-stage tumors is rare and the value of this staging procedure in MCAT remains unclear.
Evaluation and Acceptance of an Electric Toothbrush Designed for Dependent Patients.

Introduction: A key barrier to standardizing evidence-based oral health protocols for highly dependent patients is the lack of validated and accepted oral health products designed specifically for use by caregivers. This study compared preferences by users of a novel electric toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in a health care setting. Methods: We prospectively enrolled health care providers as volunteers. Volunteer brushers completed simulated tooth brushing sessions of mock-intubated and non-intubated volunteer brushees with both toothbrushes. Volunteers rated different domains of toothbrush preference in an anonymous, optional survey. Results: A total of 133 health care providers volunteered (123 brushers [providers brushing teeth] and 10 brushees [those having their teeth brushed]). The novel electric toothbrush received significantly higher positive ratings than the standard hospital-issue manual toothbrush in all domains that we surveyed: ease of use, thoroughness, safety, shape and size of the brush head, overall cleanliness, time requirements, and efficiency (p<0.001). Importantly, due to the integrated light and suction of this electric toothbrush, brushers completed more sessions without setting down the toothbrush with the electric toothbrush than with the manual toothbrush (75.4% vs 36.4%; p<0.001). Conclusions: Integrating a lighted electric brush with suction into the caregiver’s armamentarium as an evidence-based tool is warranted and should be evaluated in terms of patient outcomes.
Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Anti-Xa Level Monitoring Versus Standard Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury.

Background:Oral direct factor Xa inhibitors (FxaIs) are renally eliminated; thus, acute kidney injury (AKI) may increase the risk for drug accumulation and bleeding. There is minimal data describin...
Concentration of Tetrachloroethylene in Indoor Air at a Former Dry Cleaner Facility as a Function of Subsurface Contamination: A Case Study

Abstract A field study was performed to evaluate indoor air concentrations and vapor intrusion (VI) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and other chlorinated solvents at a commercial retail site in Dallas, TX. The building is approximately 40 yr old and once housed a dry cleaning operation. Results from an initial site characterization were used to select sampling locations for the VI study. The general approach for evaluating VI was to collect time-integrated canister samples for off-site U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method TO-15 analyses. PCE and other chlorinated solvents were measured in shallow soil gas, subslab soil-gas, indoor air, and ambient air. The subslab soil gas exhibited relatively high values: PCE ≤2,600,000 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and trichloroethylene ≤170 ppbv. The attenuation factor, the ratio of indoor air and subslab soil-gas concentrations, was unusually low: approximately 5 x 10-6 based on the maximum subslab soil-gas concentration of PCE and 1.4 x 10-5 based on average...
NdFeB magnets for electric power steering (EPS) applications

Summary form only given. In terms of limiting cogging torque, the success of a NdFeB magnet in a motor application is dependent upon magnetic orientation (e.g. parallel or radial) and remanence (B/sub r/) uniformity across the part. Brushless direct current motors (BLDCMs) for electric power steering (EPS) applications are instances where minimal cogging torque is required. This paper quantifies the magnetic orientation and uniformity of various geometries of both sintered and hot-deformed fully-dense NdFeB magnets applicable to EPS motor assemblies: straight arcs, skewed arcs, and full rings. Cogging torque measurements, using a typical BLDCM design for EPS, allow for the correlation between motor cogging torque and the uniformity and orientation of the remanence (B/sub r/) of the magnets. It is shown that poor B/sub r/ uniformity induces high cogging torque in the motor.
THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PARAHYDROGEN FROM 1 TO 22 K

The purpose of this work was to obtain a consistent set of thermodynamic properties for parahydrogen from 22°K to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of solid hydrogen is about 10-6 mm Hg. These data were used to construct a temperature-entropy diagram, having lines of constant enthalpy H, constant pressure P, constant volume V, and constant quality x. This diagram is shown in Fig. 1.* Such a chart should prove useful in the engineering analysis of processes involving the venting of saturated liquid and gaseous parahydrogen into space environments in which pressures as low as 10-6 mm Hg may be encountered. Since the calculations were performed by an automatic digital computer, extension of the calculations to 1°K was carried out.
Arthrogryposis multiplex and related congenital disorders

Publisher Summary Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes conditions that have congenital non-progressive multiple joint contractures. The common pathway to congenital contractures appears to be decreased fetal movement. Multiple congenital contractures can occur as a manifestation in a large number of syndromes, including chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, disorders with severe hypotonia, and syndromes of unknown etiology. Shortly after birth, it is important for a child with arthrogryposis to be seen by a physical therapist, an orthopedist, and a neurologist to determine the course of therapy that can provide the best response. For a differential diagnosis of arthrogryposis, affected children are separated into three categories: (1) those primarily with limb involvement, (2) those with limb involvement plus other organ involvement, and (3) those primarily having central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Amyoplasia is a very specific type of arthrogryposis. Many forms of arthrogryposis have decreased muscle mass, hypoplastic muscle, or loss of muscle with fatty and fibrous replacement. Broad varieties of genetic and environmental factors are involved in various types of arthrogryposes. The challenge in arthrogryposis is in identifying a specific etiology. Arthrogryposis is neuropathic in origin, and with the anterior horn cell being suspect, it is not at all clear what comes first during the course of in utero development.
Neighborhood Center Image and Rents

The impact of neighborhood center image on rental rates is empirically modeled and tested. Neighborhood center anchor does not substantially affect in-line, non-anchor rental rates and is more a proxy for a neighborhood center's trade area economic base than an actual determinant of neighborhood center rental rates. Image related facilities specific variables do affect rental rates. Concurrently, relative center size does impact rental rates providing marginal support for the use of gravity models at the property sub-type level. More modeling of retail rents and sales activity is warranted.
Mortality, morbidity, and disease severity of patients with aspiration pneumonia

Background Aspiration pneumonia is a common syndrome, although less well characterized than other pneumonia syndromes. We describe a large population of patients with aspiration pneumonia.
Pyrolysis products of heroin.

Heating of heroin hydrochloride or of heroin at 250°C led to extensive degradation. Major components of the pyrolysate were identified as heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, N,6-diacetylnormorphine, and N-acetylnorheroin by comparison of mass spectra and 13C- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with those of authentic compounds. There was evidence for degradation of the piperidino moiety and the structure 3,4-diacetoxyphenanthrene was proposed for a minor product.
Pathways for Women to Senior Management Positions and Board Seats: An A-Z List

In April, Michigan State University School of Law held a symposium entitled “Pathways to Power.” For the most part, symposium speakers confined themselves to speaking about women’s progress along partner tracks in law firms, into positions as prosecutors and judges, and elections to political office. The author of this article has published two books (No Seat at the Table - How Governance and Law Keep Women Out of the Boardroom and The Last Male Bastion - Gender and the CEO Suite) and several articles on pathways for women to corporate management positions and to board seats. This article is a summary of developments and thinking on women in corporate governance, refined from Professor Branson’s comments at the symposium.
Discrete event modeling of misrecognition in PTZ tracking

The paper introduces an approach to the problem of choosing when to zoom a moving camera so as to follow a designated video surveillance target. Rather than trying to maintain a simple viewing constraint (e.g., target >10% of image), the potential misrecognition of the target is also used to decide when to zoom. A discrete-event approach is used to develop two models of appearance change as well as a model that represents the viewing constraints for target surveillance. Disagreement between the appearance models is taken to indicate a potential loss of target. Supervisory discrete event control theory is used to construct automatically a controller that selects zoom actions to prevent loss of target. The implementation of this controller is overviewed and results presented.
Synthesis, critical micelle concentrations, and antimycobacterial properties of homologous, dendritic amphiphiles. Probing intrinsic activity and the "cutoff" effect.

Newkome-type, 1→3 C-branched dendrons make an excellent headgroup for amphiphiles with ultralong, saturated, linear alkyl chains. Synthesis of a homologous series of five such amphiphiles from 14 to 22 carbonsRNHCONHC(CH2CH2CO2H)3, R = n-CnH2n+1, n = 14, 16, 18, 20, 22proceeds readily. These amphiphiles are soluble in aqueous solutions of triethanolamine. Surface-tension measurements on this homologous series reveal an unusually gradual decrease in log critical micelle concentration (CMC) as the chain length increases. In fact, the tetradecyl homologue does not appear to form micelles. Further, measurements of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth microdilution against Mycobacterium smegmatis as a function of the initial cell density provide a direct measure of the intrinsic activity (MIC0) of each homologue. The hexadecyl homologue is the most active at inhibiting growth with an MIC0 equal to 3.5 × 10-5 M, which is 100-fold below the CMC.
Towards a new method for experimental determination of aerosol sampler aspiration efficiency in small wind tunnels

Abstract At present, testing of the performance of aerosol samplers can be reliably carried out only for full-scale sampling systems in wind tunnels large enough to accommodate personal samplers mounted on life-sized mannequins and for particles with aerodynamic diameter in the range up to and exceeding 100 μ m. But such tests are very difficult because of the problems of achieving uniform aerosol spatial and temporal distributions in the working sections of such large facilities. Typically aerosol size-specific concentrations in such large facilities vary by as much as ±20% both spatially and temporally. In this paper, we articulate an approach to move away from testing in large wind tunnels. This methodology uses scaling relationships and existing empirical equations for aspiration efficiency to prescribe experimental conditions and small-scale sampler designs that can be tested in small wind tunnels that are physically equivalent to testing full-scale samplers in large wind tunnels. We examine, from first principles, the basic assumptions which underlie the measurement of aerosol sampler performance, and the quantitative effects of errors arising from spatial and temporal non-uniformities in aerosol distributions. We show that aspiration efficiency is strongly dependent on the spatial distributions of air velocity and particle concentration far upstream of the sampler. This has important implications for aerosol sampler research, and for testing the performances of practical devices as used in workplace and ambient atmospheric environments, where velocity and concentration profiles are frequently non-uniform. Such non-uniformities might account for some of the large variability in the measurements made using such samplers in the field. Finally, we describe an experimental setup in a small wind tunnel that provides highly uniform velocity and concentration profiles, reproducible test conditions, and also allows rapid acquisition of large amounts of experimental data for aerosol sampler aspiration efficiency. Such a system can be used to rapidly perform detailed tests on scaled down aerosol samplers, and thus characterize them. These models can then be scaled up for use in full-scale applications without further expensive testing.