cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A differential heat-conduction microcalorimeter for heat-capacity measurements of fluids

Abstract A heat-conduction calorimeter has been developed for measuring small changes in heat capacity of milligram samples of membrane lipid dispersed in water as a function of temperature. The operation of the instrument is based on the principle that the thermal response of the sample to a short (10 s), electrically generated heat burst is a function of the diffusivity of the sample. Modeling studies of the instrument's performance have revealed that the output response after the heat burst is a function of only the heat capacity, ϱCp. Calibration of the instrument experimentally confirmed this behavior. This feature obviated the need to measure the thermal conductivity in order to determine ϱCp from the diffusivity equation, η = γ/ϱCp. The calorimeter has the following characteristics: reproducibility of loading: ± 400 μJ/C° · cm3; baseline stability: ± 10 μJ/C° · cm3 per 36 h; resolution (± 1 S.D.): ± 50 μJ/C° · cm3; sample size 600 μl.
The active and passive transport of water across the corneal endothelium

The relationship between hydrostatic pressure and water flow across the corneal endothelium of the rabbit was determined at 2 degrees C and 34 degrees C and in each case the layer behaved as if it had a constant leak resistance; the value of the resistances was proportional to the viscosity of water at the temperature in question. Superimposed on this passive flow there appeared to be an active transport of water of 67 microns hr-1 in the warm preparation which completely disappeared when it was cooled.
How effective is suffixing

Abstracts and titles from the Cranfield collection (with 225 queries and 1400 documents), comprised the major test collection for this study. The Medlars collection (30 queries and 1033 documents), and the CACM collec- tion (64 queries and 3204 documents) were used to provide information about the variation of stemming performance across different subject areas and test collections. In addition to the standard recall/precision measures, with SMART system averaging (Salton, 1971), several methods more suited to an interactive retrieval environ- ment were adopted. The interactive environment returns lists of the top ranked documents, and allows the users to scan titles of a group of documents a screenful at a time, so that the ranking of individual documents within the screenful is not as important as the total number of rele- vant titles within a screen. Furthermore, the number of relevant documents in the first few screens is far more im- portant for the user than the number of relevant in the last screenfuls. Three measures were selected which evaluate performance at given rank cutoff points, such as those cor- responding to a screenful of document titles. The first measure, the
INTRAMOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IN COVALENT ACRYLAMIDE‐INDOLE ADDUCTS

— Indole derivatives have been prepared which have a covalently linked quencher, acrylamide. One of these adducts, N-acrylyltryptamine, has a flexible linkage and the other, N-acrylyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridoindole, has a rigid bridge between indole and the quencher. The intensity decays of these adducts were obtained using multi-frequency phase and modulation fluorometry. The fluorescence of these adducts appears to be dynamically quenched; dominant lifetimes of 64 ps and 31 ps are found for the flexible and rigid adducts. This indicates that very rapid intramolecular quenching occurs, even when the quencher and fluorophore cannot collide. Quenching in the rigid molecule probably involves electron transfer through two sigma bonds. Anisotropy decay data were also collected and rotational correlation times of 62 ps and 163 ps are reported for the flexibile and rigid adducts, respectively.
Smoking is a negative predictor of arteriovenous malformation posttreatment obliteration: analysis of vascular risk factors in 774 patients.

Object Cigarette smoking has been well established as a risk factor in vascular pathology, such as cerebral aneurysms. However, tobacco’s implications for patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are controversial. The object of this study was to identify predictors of AVM obliteration and risk factors for complications. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database for all patients with AVMs treated using surgical excision, staged endovascular embolization (with N-butyl-cyanoacrylate or Onyx), stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife or Linear Accelerator), or a combination thereof between 1994 and 2010. Medical risk factors, such as smoking, abuse of alcohol or intravenous recreational drugs, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease, were documented. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to detect predictors of periprocedural complications, obliteration, and posttreatment hemorrha...
Cellulitis: evaluation of possible predisposing factors in hospitalized patients

We conducted a prospective study among 62 hospitalized adults, to evaluate the factors that contribute to the development of cellulitis. The majority of patients had multiple possible predisposing factors, and the most common were: diabetes mellitus (31/62), history of cellulitis (30/62), edema (28/62), peripheral vascular disease (25/62), and skin changes suggestive of tinea pedis (20/62). A significant number of patients reported and were clinically noted to have dry skin (42/62). Large controlled studies are needed to evaluate whether aggressive control of possible risk factors can reduce the incidence of cellulitis.
Suicide in Singapore by ethnic group, 1955-1984

The association between measures of domestic integration and suicide rates for Singapore for 1955-1984 was found for Indians and "others" but not for Chinese and Malays. Language: en
On multi-type reverse nearest neighbor search

This paper presents a study of the Multi-Type Reverse Nearest Neighbor (MTRNN) query problem. Traditionally, a reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query finds all the objects that have the query point as their nearest neighbor. In contrast, an MTRNN query finds all the objects that have the query point in their multi-type nearest neighbors. Existing RNN queries find an influence set by considering only one feature type. However, the influence from multiple feature types is often critical for strategic decision making in many business scenarios, such as site selection for a new shopping center. To that end, we first formalize the notion of the MTRNN query by considering the influence of multiple feature types. We also propose R-tree based algorithms to find the influence set for a given query point and multiple feature types. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the strength of the proposed algorithms as well as design decisions related to performance tuning.
Selectivity and isomerization during partial hydrogenation of cottonseed oil and methyl oleate: Effect of operating variables

Results are now available for hydrogenation of cottonseed oil and methyl oleate in which sufficient agitation was provided to eliminate mass transfer resistances from the catalyst surface. The ratio of thetrans-to-cis isomers of oleic acid groups approaches 2.0 even at high pressures and high degrees of agitation. The rates of hydrogenation for bothcis andtrans isomers and for positional isomers are all essentially identical. A reaction scheme has been devised that is consistent with extensive experimental data, and the method of evaluating the relative reaction rate constants for each step is outlined. Using these rates constants, selectivity can be quantitatively evaluated.
Hydrogen complexes in hydrogenated silicon

Experimental evidence suggests that H bonds to a fully coordinated Si network in pairs. The total energies and vibration frequencies of various possible pair configurations are calculated using a local density pseudopotential method on supercells. The H * 2 configuration, consisting of a bond centered H and a H located at an adjacent antibonding site, is found to be low in energy and more importantly, these H * 2 configurations bind together with as much as 0.4 eV/pair forming Si{111} platelet structures. Metastability can also be accounted for when the H * 2 dissociates creating two interstitial H atoms which diffuse to form Si dangling bond-like defects at weak bond sites. Annealing occurs when the H atoms reform complexes.
DE LANGE'S SYNDROME.

A case of Typus Degenerativus Amstelodamensis is described. This is thought to be the first case of this condition recorded in Ireland.
Wernicke's encephalopathy in the course of chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment with thiamine is required to prevent permanent neurologic injury. Although the classical context for Wernicke's encephalopathy is the malnourished alcoholic patient, it is seen in many other conditions in which thiamine deficiency arises. Indeed, 1 of the 3 initial cases reported by Wernicke et al [1] in 1881 developed as a consequence of esophageal injury after the ingestion of sulfuric acid. Wernicke's encephalopathy has been recognized with increasing frequency after bariatric surgery and with cancer [2-4]. Wernicke's encephalopathy occurring in the latter settings often results in diagnostic confusion resulting in a delay of therapy. We report 2 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy occurring during the course of therapy for head and neck cancer.
Barotrauma, oxygen toxicity, and chronic lung disease.

To the Editor. We read the article by Van Marter et al1 with great interest. The authors present results of an epidemiologic study comparing the pulmonary outcomes of infants born and managed in New York and in Boston. The main outcome indicator was the requirement for supplementary oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. They found marked differences in this outcome, with fewer infants requiring oxygen at this time in New York. A number of interesting correlates are discussed, including the observed differences in intubation rates, surfactant use, and mechanical support other than continuous positive airway pressure. All in all, the study lends more credence to a respiratory treatment style of intervention only when forced, allowing the infants maximum opportunity to perform whatever breathing work they can—a style that might be called the “leave well enough alone” technique. A major problem with this study is the use of the “oxygen at 36 weeks” surrogate for chronic lung disease (CLD). This article, like others,2–4 is flawed in its failure to explain how the various treating physicians assessed the infants' ongoing need for supplemental oxygen and, most importantly, how they decided to withdraw supplemental oxygen therapy. In a single institution, one can assume that infants in oxygen at 36 weeks have worse lung disease than those in room air. It does not follow that infants in oxygen at one institution are similar to those …
Differential effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment on aggressive pecking, feather pecking, feather loss, food wastage and productivity in Japanese quail

1. We examined the effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment (foraging opportunities, structural complexity, sensory stimulation/novelty, and social companionship) on aggressive and feather pecking, feather condition, food wastage, body weight, feed conversion, and egg production in adult Japanese quail. Sex differences were examined where possible. 2. GLM analysis was used to evaluate the effects of enrichment and housing, while test-retest reliability and the stability of measures over 18 d were assessed using partial correlation. 3. Foraging enrichment reduced food wastage. 4. Body weight, feed conversion, and egg production were not affected by enrichment. Rates of aggressive and feather pecking were also not significantly affected, but these behaviours were observed very infrequently in this study. 5. Socially-housed birds had poorer feather condition, lower body weight and less efficient feed conversion than singly-housed birds. Social housing did not affect food wastage. 6. There were not sex differences in feather pecking, feather condition, food wastage, or feed conversion. 7. All measures except feather pecking were reliable over 24 h, but only feather condition and body weight were stable over 18 d. The instability f the behavioural measures over time suggest that enrichment effects may vary with age.
Effects of Agricultural Drainage on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review

The extensive development of surface and subsurface drainage systems to facilitate agricultural production throughout North America has significantly altered the hydrology of landscapes compared to historical conditions. Drainage has transformed nutrient and hydrologic dynamics, structure, function, quantity, and configuration of stream and wetland ecosystems. In many agricultural regions, more than 80% of some catchment basins may be drained by surface ditches and subsurface drain pipes (tiles). Natural channels have been straightened and deepened for surface drainage ditches with significant effects on channel morphology, instream habitats for aquatic organisms, floodplain and riparian connectivity, sediment dynamics, and nutrient cycling. The connection of formerly isolated wetland basins to extensive networks of surface drainage and the construction of main channel ditches through millions of acres of formerly low-lying marsh or wet prairie, where no defined channel may have previously existed, have r...
Kidneys for sale: whose attitudes matter?

In this issue of AJT , economists Leider and Roth add their perspective to the literature on attitudes toward kidney sales in the United States (1). The authors sent a Zoomerang online survey to almost 9000 people who earn money taking online surveys, of whom 523 (6%) responded. They report that 51–63% of respondents approve of direct payment for deceased donation, and 54–61% approve of direct payment for living donation.
Ras Enhances Myc Protein Stability

Abstract Various experiments have demonstrated a collaborative action of Myc and Ras, both in normal cell growth control as well as during oncogenesis. We now show that Ras enhances the accumulation of Myc activity by stabilizing the Myc protein. Whereas Myc has a very short half-life when produced in the absence of mitogenic signals, due to degradation by the 26S proteasome, the half-life of Myc increases markedly in growth-stimulated cells. This stabilization is dependent on the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and is not augmented by proteasome inhibition, suggesting that Ras inhibits the proteasome-dependent degradation of Myc. We propose that one aspect of Myc–Ras collaboration is an ability of Ras to enhance the accumulation of transcriptionally active Myc protein.
Appendectomy in primary and secondary staging operations for ovarian malignancy

Appendectomy was performed at primary or secondary staging operations in 100 patients with ovarian malignancies. Of 80 patients who underwent appendectomy at the time of their primary surgery, 25 (31.2%) had appendiceal metastases. Among 47 patients who were believed to have disease limited to the pelvis at the time of surgery--stage I (N = 34), II (N = 7), IIIA (N = 5), and those designated stage IIIC solely on the basis of microscopic para-aortic nodal metastasis (N = 1)--the appendix was involved with disease in only two patients (4.3%). However, among 33 patients with advanced disease--stage IIIB (N = 6), IIIC except those designated IIIC solely on the basis of microscopic paraaortic nodal metastasis (N = 19), and IV (N = 8)--the appendix was involved with disease in 23 patients (69.7%) (P less than .001). Poorly differentiated tumors and serous histologic cell types more frequently metastasized to the appendix (64, 15, 6, and 8% for grades 3, 2, and 1 and borderline histology, respectively; P less than .001; and 48, 13, and 8% for serous, endometrioid, and mucinous; P less than .001). Of 20 patients who underwent appendectomy at their secondary staging procedure, two had metastases. Metastatic disease in the appendix was microscopic in nine of 27 patients. Because the frequency of appendiceal metastasis is similar to that of other metastatic sites in stages I and II ovarian cancer, it should be removed at primary staging procedures. Appendectomy should also be performed in patients with advanced ovarian malignancies if it contributes to cytoreduction or at the time of secondary staging procedures.
Brain-mediated 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis by the corpora allata of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

In the latter part of the last larval instar (Days 6–7) of Manduca sexta an increase in the hemolymph titer of juvenile hormone (JH) occurs which is involved in directing the pharate pupal development elicited by the large increase in the ecdysteroid titer on Days 7–8 of the instar. A time course analysis on Days 3–4 of the instar of both the first hemolymph ecdysteroid titer peak, which is responsible for wandering behavior and pupal commitment, and of the capacity of the corpora allata (CA) to synthesize JH I and III in vitro revealed a temporal correlation between the increasing ecdysteroid titer and a following increase in CA activity. The temporal arrangement of these increases suggested that ecdysteroids, i.e., 20-hydroxyecdysone, may elicit the increase in CA activity which contributes to the second increase in the JH titer during the latter part of the instar. Regulation of the CA by 20-hydroxyecdysone was investigated in vitro by assessing the effect of this ecdysteroid on JH I and III synthesis by CA incubated either as a complex with the brain-corpora cardiaca or as isolated glands. Dose-response analyses revealed that 20-hydroxyecdysone indeed had a stimulatory effect on JH synthesis by the CA, but only when the glands were complexed with the brain-corpora cardiaca. The effective concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone was the same as the hemolymph concentration of the hormone at this time. Thus it appears that the increase in CA activity between Days 5 and 7 of the last larval instar is elicited in response to the commitment peak of 20-hydroxyecdysone, acting indirectly via the braincorpora cardiaca. These results constitute the first direct demonstration of interhormonal regulation between the ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones in an insect, and suggest that these hormones act to regulate postembryonic development not only at the level of the target tissue but by regulating the synthesis of the hormones by the endocrine glands themselves.
Access rule consistency in cooperative data access environment

In this paper we consider the situation where a set of enterprises need to collaborate to provide rich services to their clients. Such collaboration often requires controlled access to each other's data, which we assume is stored in standard relational form. The access control is provided by a set of access rules that may be defined over the joins of various relations. In this paper we introduce the notion of consistency of access rules and devise an algorithm to ensure consistency. We also consider the possibility of occasional changes in access rules and address the problem of maintaining consistency in the face of such changes. We propose algorithms for both changes with new privileges grants and revocations on existing privileges.
Neuroanatomy of spastic, a behavior mutant of the mexican axolotl: Purkinje cell distribution in the adult cerebellum†

The spastic mutant, found in the Mexican axolotl, shows swimming coordination and equilibrium deficiencies. Histological analyses of wild-type and spastic mutant cerebella previously characterized in physiological studies revealed changes in Purkinje cell location in the mutant auricle or vestibulo-cerebellum. Purkinje cells are "translocated" ventrally correlated with a similar translocation of vestibular single units described previuosly (Ide, '77). Where wild-type Purkinje cells are distributed from the surface to a depth of 250 micrometers, mutant Purkinje cells are "crowded" between 250 and 350 micrometers. Although mutant granule cells are present, boundaries between granule cell and Purkinje cell zones are less precise in mutants. Cerebellar nucleus cells are translocated medially, failing to organize into the discrete cell group appearing in wild-type. Cerebellar white matter tracts and fibers show changes, both in orientation with respect to the underlying tegmentum, and in fascicular organization. Obvious changes in the gross anatomy of the cerebellum are confirmed in reconstructions which define cell and fiber translocation. Thus, the spastic gene is compatible with differentiation of all cerebellar elements, but appears to alter interactions between cells, or between cells and the external milieu. Although all cell types are present in the mutant cerebellum, they fail to attain their proper positions along all three body axes.
Antibiotic Activity in Peritoneal Dialysate

There are few studies investigating whether antibiotics added to 30% glucose concentrate preserve their activity in the delivered dialysate. Using a Drake-Wiljock proportioning system, samples were obtained from the "to" patient path at ten minutes after starting and at four hours. Samples were tested for minimal inhibitory dilution (MID) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Antibiotics evaluated included amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, cephalothin, cefamandole, moxalactam, ampicillin, penicillin, carbenicillin, and vancomycin. In all antibiotics studied, similar MIDs were obtained at the ten-minute and four-hour samples. Compared to saline, dialysate significantly impaired the antibiotic activity (a difference of two or more tube dilutions) of all antimicrobial agents except amikacin and vancomycin.
Increased resonance energy transfer between fluorophores bound to DNA in proximity to metallic silver particles

We examined the effects of metallic silver particles on resonance energy transfer (RET) between fluorophores covalently bound to DNA. A coumarin donor and a Cy3 acceptor were positioned at opposite ends of a 23-bp double helical DNA oligomer. In the absence of silver particles the extent of RET is near 9%, consistent with a Forster distance R0 near 50 A and a donor to acceptor distance near 75 A. The transfer efficiency increased when the solution of AMCA-DNA-Cy3 was placed between two quartz plates coated with silver island films to near 64%, as determined by both steady-state and time-resolved measurements. The apparent R0 in the presence of silver island films increases to about 110 A. These values of the transfer efficiency and R0 represent weighted averages for donor-acceptor pairs near and distant from the metallic surfaces, so that the values at an optimal distance are likely to be larger. The increased energy transfer is observed only between two sandwiched silvered slides. When we replaced one silvered slide with a quartz plate the effect vanished. Also, the increased energy transfer was not observed for silvered slides separated more than a few micrometers. These results suggest the use of metal-enhanced RET in PCR, hybridization, and other DNA assays, and the possibility of controlling energy transfer by the distance between silver surfaces.
Suppression of nocturnal, palatable and glucoprivic intake in rats by the κ opioid antagonist, nor-binaltorphamine

Abstract The increased food intake in the rat during the first two hours of the dark cycle was significantly inhibited by central pretreatment with either the selective κ opioid antagonist, nor-binaltorphamine (NorBNI, 20 μg, i.c.v., 53–54%) or naltrexone (NTX, 20 μg, i.c.v., 47–60%). Short-term (2 h) intake of a high-fat diet was significantly inhibited by central NorBNI (1–20 μg, 33–79%) and NTX (20 μg, 47–51%). Hyperphagia induced by the anti-metabolic glucose analogue, 2-deoxy- d -glucose was significantly inhibited by central NorBNI (20 μg, 40–68%) and NTX (20 μg, 28–69%). These data suggest that the κ receptor subtype, in addition to other opioid receptor subtypes, influence these forms of feeding behavior.
Phenology of nutritional differences between new and mature leaves and its effect on caterpillar growth.

. 1. We determined the phenology of the shrub Spiraea latifolia Ait. Bork. (Rosaceae), which has indeterminate shoot growth, and the effects of phenological changes in leaf quality on growth rate of the early-spring feeding buckmoth caterpillars, Hemileuca lucina Hy. Edw. (Saturniidae). 2. Leaves, regardless of whether they were newly expanded or several weeks old, were tougher later in the growth season (mid-June) than similarly aged leaves collected earlier; correspondingly, water and nitrogen content for leaves of all ages declined through the larval period. By July, newly expanded leaves had no more nitrogen than mature leaves. 3. Relative growth rate of third instar larvae fed new leaves or a mixture of new and mature leaves in early June was higher than that of those fed mature leaves, and efficiency of conversion of digested food to biomass was higher for larvae fed new leaves than for those fed mature leaves or a mixture. 4. In another experiment, larvae were reared on new leaves through the fourth instar and then fed a diet of new, mature or a combination of new and mature leaves, a regimen that was similar to the phenologies of both plants and caterpillars in the field. There was no difference in time to pupation or pupal weights among these treatments.
Bidirectional Relations Between Authoritative Parenting and Adolescents’ Prosocial Behaviors

This study examined the bidirectional relations between authoritative parenting and adolescents’ prosocial behavior over a 1-year time period. Data were taken from Time 2 and 3 of the Flourishing Families Project, and included reports from 319 two-parent families with an adolescent child (M age of child at Time 2 = 12.34, SD = 1.06, 52% girls). Cross-lag analyses supported bidirectional relations between parenting and prosocial behavior with particular emphasis on the role of the adolescents’ prosocial behavior on subsequent parenting. Results also varied as a function of the reporter. Discussion focuses on the implications for understanding the multifaceted nature of prosocial development in adolescence.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth Of InAsSb Superlattices For IR Applications

The use of tensile strain parallel to (100) interfaces in InAs xSb1-x strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) is a promising . technique for realizing III-V materials structures with small enough energy gap to achieve cutoff wavelength in excess of 12pm at 77K. These SLS materials have been grown by MBE using Sb2 and As, sources at substrate temperature of 425-450°C on InSb substrates with suitable intervening buffer layers. The entire epitaxial structure (buffer layers plus SLS) is in tension with respect to the thick InSb substrate, leading to extensive cracking of the material when conventional buffer layers are used. The cracking problem has been overcome by the initial growth of a severely mismatched buffer layer directly onto the InSb substrate. The resulting high level of strain induces the nucleation of enough dislocations to relieve much of the strain in the ensuing epitaxial layer, avoiding the accumulation of strain energy sufficient to form cracks. Subsequent grading layers are in compression and cracking does not occur. InAs 1Sb 9/InAs 3Sb7 SLSs grown on such buffers are crack-free and' 3shoc4 substantiai reduction in dislocation density relative to that in the buffer layers. FTIR measurements show substantial absorption at wavelengths beyond the cutoff wavelength for bulk InAsSb alloys.
Levetiracetam in the treatment of neonatal seizures: a pilot study.

Purpose: At present, neonatal seizures are usually treated with Phenobarbital (PB) despite the limited efficacy and the potential risk this treatment holds for the developing brain. We report here a prospective pilot feasibility study on the use of Levetiracetam as monotherapy in the treatment of neonatal seizures. Methods: Six newborns (body weight > 2000 g, gestational age > 30 weeks) presenting with neonatal seizures were enrolled. Patients whose seizures were caused by electrolyte disturbances or hypoglycemia, or whose seizures did respond to pyridoxine were excluded. Patients previously treated with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with the exception of single PB doses before and during titration, were excluded. LEV was administered orally, increasing the dose by 10 mg/(kg day) over 3 days. Endpoint was the need of any additional AEDs (or PB) after day 3, or 3 months of LEV treatment. A decision regarding further treatment was made on an individual basis and follow-up was documented up to 8 months of age. Results: No severe adverse effects were observed. Mild sedation was reported in one infant. All six patients treated with oral LEV became seizure free within 6 days. Five patients remained seizure free after 3 months with ongoing LEV monotherapy. One infant developed pharmacoresistent epilepsy. Seizures relapsed later in the clinical course of two more patients, one of whom was no longer under LEV therapy. Discussion: Results from our small patient group indicate that LEV may be an alternative therapeutic option in neonatal seizures.
Physisorption of CO on the MgO(100) Surface

The ability to grow thin MgO(100) films of quality approaching that of vacuum-cleaved MgO(100) is demonstrated using low-energy electron diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO. Highly ordered MgO(100) surfaces are used to study the adsorption and desorption of CO. A linearly increasing sticking coefficient from 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.90 is observed for relative CO coverages, θ, less than 0.8 monolayer (ML). For this coverage range, the total sticking coefficient is given by SMgO(1 − PCO) + SCOPCO, where SMgO (SCO) is the sticking on the bare (CO-covered) MgO and PCO is the probability of striking the CO-covered surface. In TPD, the desorption of CO is dominated at very low coverages by desorption from sites influenced by defects. At intermediate coverages (0.25−0.8 ML) the CO desorbs via first-order desorption. At 0.8 ML where the monolayer peak saturates, the desorption energy is 17 ± 2 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor is 1 × 1015±2 s-1. The desorption energy increases linearly as co...
An Investigation of Binocular Summation: I the Fovea

Resume UNE ENQUĚTE DE LA SOMMATION BINOCULAIRE I. LE FOVEA Suivant une methode decrite par Hecht, l'auteur a determine le cours de l'adaptation foveale a l'obscurite dans des conditions d'observation monoculaire et binoculaire. Puisque le cours du processus est le měme dans les deux conditions on conclut qu'il n'y a nulle sommation binoculaire dans le fovea. On presente ici un resume critique de quelques-unes des contributions les plus importantes a ce sujet. Le role de l'aire de la pupille dans un probleme de ce type est discute. On montre qu'il n'y a nulle sommation quand l'aire de la pupille est controlee (par l'usage de pupilles artificielles) et en outre, que les seuils pour les deux yeux sont approximativement ceux de l'oeil plus sensitif.
Populating the equilibrium molten globule state of apomyoglobin under conditions suitable for structural characterization by NMR

Conditions have been determined under which the equilibrium molten globule state of apomyoglobin is stable and remains monomeric for periods of time sufficient for the application of three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments. The quality of initial two-dimensional NMR spectra suggests that sequence-specific assignments can be made for a majority of the protein resonances under these conditions. A pH titration of the protein followed using two-dimensional 1H-15N correlation experiments indicates that the equilibrium intermediate undergoes fast exchange on the chemical shift time scale with the unfolded state and intermediate time scale exchange with the native state, and suggests a strategy to assist with backbone resonance assignments. The conditions and techniques described may be applicable to the characterization of other equilibrium folding intermediates.
Spinal fracture or luxation

Spinal trauma is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs and cats. When the spine is injured by exogenous injury, the impact often results in vertebral fracture or luxation. As each injury is unique, treatment guidelines have to be individualized to the animal. This article reviews the clinical management including surgical and nonsurgical treatments for animals with vertebral fracture I luxation.
A novel BER-feedback power control algorithm for Personal Area Network Devices

Personal Area Network (PAN) Devices are often components of communication systems which opportunistically access the wireless spectrum. As such, they must operate without presenting interference to licensed users, while meeting their individual, varied Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In this paper we use a novel Transmit Power Control (TPC) algorithm to reduce interference. In theory, over the life of a Secondary User's (SU's) transmission, there is an optimal power time curve reflective of the minimum amount of power necessary with which a device can transmit while maintaining acceptable BER, and practicing Interference Avoidance (IA). Using the response of the algorithm to instantaneous channel conditions as well as an iteratively updated QoS benchmark, we obtain a quadratic approximation of the desired power-time curve. Stability of the quadratic approximation is demonstrated through Matlab simulations using critical valued inputs to the approximator. From our results, we also show that our quadratic approximator outperforms others of different orders in terms of reduction in sensitivities to relatively small changes in inputs, and better tracking performance in following reference desired power curves used in the simulations. Our algorithm reduces transmit power (and thus interference) by approximately 3.5 dB compared to conventional methods while maintaining the required QoS.
Delayed tension penumothorax complicating central venous catheterization and positive pressure ventilation

Pneumothorax is the most common complication after central venous catheterization. The diagnosis of pneumothorax may be delayed for hours or days, in some instances because of minimal clinical symptoms or radiographic signs on initial evaluation, or in other instances because of late presentation precipitated by positive pressure ventilation. A case is presented in which a patient developed a tension pneumothorax while under general anesthesia 10 days after central venous line placement. A review of the literature suggests that delayed pneumothorax has an incidence of approximately 0.4% of all central venous access attempts, is much more common after subclavian than internal jugular approaches, especially in difficult or multiple attempts, is asymptomatic in 22%, and results in tension pneumothorax in 22%. End-expiratory upright chest radiographs, the optimal radiographic technique for detection of small pneumothoraces, were obtained in only 19% of reviewed cases. Supine views, the least sensitive radiographic technique, should be carefully reviewed for evidence of basilar hyperlucency, a deep sulcus sign, or a double diaphragm sign. In patients unable to tolerate the upright position, supine views should be supplemented with lateral decubitus, oblique, or cross-table lateral views. Emergency physicians should be aware of the possibility of delayed pneumothorax, as well as optimal radiographic technique for demonstration of small pneumothoraces, and subtle radiographic findings in supine or semirecumbent patients.
Lactogenic response of mouse mammary explants from different days of pregnancy to placental lactogen and pituitary prolactin.

The lactogenic response of mouse mammary gland explants to human placental lactogen (hPL) and ovine pituitary prolactin (oPRL) was examined on days 10 to 18 of pregnancy by measuring3H-amino acid incorporation into calcium-rennin precipitable casein. To determine the lactogenic response of the explants, the mean slopes of dose-response curves were calculated for each hormone treatment. Slope means of dose-response curves for oPRL and hPL did not differ from each other on any day of pregnancy examined. A triphasic pattern of response was suggested when slope means of dose-response curves for both hormones were plotted as a function of day of gestation. Peak responses were observed on days 10, 13 and 17–18. Combinations of oPRL and hPL, in ratios of oPRL:hPL=2∶1 and oPRL:hPL=1∶2, also produced a triphasic pattern of sensitivity very similar to that produced by either hormone alone. These results suggest that mouse mammary explants may be more sensitive to oPRL and hPL on days 10, 13 and 17–18 of pregnancy.
An objective time-integration procedure for isotropic rate-independent and rate-dependent elastic-plastic constitutive equations

Abstract In a large class of rate-independent and rate-dependent elastic-plastic constitutive equations the elasticity is modeled in hypoelastic form, with the stress rate being taken as the Jaumann derivative, so as to make the constitutive model properly frame-indifferent or objective. Here, we present a fully-implicit, stable time-integration procedure for implementing such constitutive models in displacement-based finite element procedures. The numerical procedure preserves the very desirable feature of incremental objectivity . The overall procedure is a generalization of the well known “radial-return” algorithm of classical rate-independent plasticity, and it is therefore well suited for implementation in large-scale finite element codes. As an example, we have implemented the time-integration procedure in the finite element code ABAQUS. To check the incremental objectivity, accuracy, and stability of the algorithm some representative problems are solved.
Dual system theory of the biological clock: Effects of photoperiod, temperature, and thermoperiod on the determination of diapause☆

Abstract The Dual System Theory is shown to be consistent with experimental data on the photoperiodic determination of diapause at different constant temperatures. The insect's developmental time and the duration of its photoperiodic sensitivity are inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the S-system of the biological clock is postulated to be rate-controlled by temperature. The clock's P-system is assumed to be much less temperature-sensitive than is the S-system. Phase regulation is via the photoperiod under all temperatures within the biologically effective range. Combinations of photoperiods and thermoperiods strongly influence diapause determination. The level of diapause incidence is dependent on whether the low temperature phase (cryophase) or the high temperature phase (thermophase) is concurrent with the scotophase of the photoperiod. The Dual System Theory offers an interpretation of such effects on the same basis as that described above. Thermoperiodic determination of diapause (in continuous darkness) appears to be explicable, according to the Dual System Theory, on the basis of; (1) an absence of photonon kinetics; relatively greater temperature-sensitivity of the S-system than the P-system; and (3) phase regulation of the S-system by temperature-dependent cycle initiation thresholds.
Quantifying and Classifying Covert Communications on Android

By exploiting known covert channels, Android applications today are able to bypass the built-in permission system and share data in a potentially untraceable manner. These channels have sufficient bandwidth to transmit sensitive information, such as GPS locations, in real-time to collaborating applications with Internet access. In this paper, we extend previous work involving an application layer covert communications detector. We measure the stability of the volume and vibration channels on the Android emulator, HTC G1, and Motorola Droid. In addition, we quantify the effect that our detector has on channel capacities for stealthy malicious applications using a theoretical model. Lastly, we introduce a new classification of covert and overt communication for the Android platform.
The Best-laid Schemes of Mice and Men

How do you summarize three very different books comprising more than a thousand pages, one written by a former president of the Students for a Democratic Society, and two by would-be Presidents of the United States? I resisted the obvious temptation to go for humor: Did you hear the one about the professor, the Catholic, and the Mormon? Or the one about the radical, the politician, and the businessman? Better, I thought, to stay closer to the books themselves. But first, in the interests of full disclosure (perhaps reminiscent of the de rigueur dis claimers in writings of the 1970s following the then-celebrated death of "value-fee" sociology or an introduction at a meeting of a 12-step program), I should state/confess that I am politically conservative. It was not always so. I grew up in an Irish-Italian working-class neighborhood on the west side of Chicago; both of my parents were members of unions, and my first votes were cast for Hubert Humphrey, Richard J. (not Richard M.) Daley, and my Democratic Ward Committeeman. (As my precinct captain explained to me, it was good to vote for "Hizzoner, daMare," and ok for president, but it was crucial to vote for Ward Committeeman; he controlled the patronage.) But, as the old saw would have it, I came to conservatism by the conventional route; I was mugged in graduate school, late at night, on my way to buy cigarettes, in the "Nicetown" section of Philadelphia. That dis claimer out of the way, on to the books them selves. In The Bulldozer and the Big Tent, Gitlin offers his analysis and appraisal of the rise of Republican-conservatives to power, and the possibility of Democratic-progressives replac ing them in the near future. Gitlin character izes the Republican-conservative party-move ment as a bulldozer, steamroller, or juggernaut, that with religiously rooted moral certitude seeks power with "demonological fervor, and absolutist pretensions" (p. 17), and sees itself as "the good in a war against evil, not just against the unjust or the practical against the impractical, but the righteous The Bulldozer and the Big Tent: Blind Republicans, Lame Democrats, and the Recovery of American Ideals, by Todd Gitlin. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007. 336pp. $25.95 cloth. ISBN: 978471748533.
Organelle-specific probe JC-1 identifies membrane potential differences in the mitochondrial function of bovine sperm.

The mitochondrial probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyan ine iodide (JC-1) not only identifies mitochondria exhibiting low membrane potentials by the emission of green fluorescence (range, 510-520 nm) but also differentiates these from mitochondria exhibiting relatively high membrane potentials. This discrimination occurs because JC-1 forms aggregates at high membrane potentials. These J-aggregates emit a bright red-orange fluorescence at 590 nm. In this study, JC-1 was combined with the classical dead cell stain, propidium iodide (PI), to identify a spectrum of functional sperm along with degenerate sperm. Flow cytometric analysis of bull sperm showed that the aggregate:monomer ratio differed among bulls before cryopreservation (P 0.05). The effects of stain equilibration time, sperm concentration, and live:dead ratios were examined. The addition of SYBR-14 to the JC-1 and PI combination enhanced the distinction between the red PI-stained and red-orange JC-1-stained populations. This discrimination between J-aggregates and the PI-stained sperm was affected by sperm concentration. These studies show that JC-1 can be useful in monitoring mitochondrial function in bovine sperm.
Evaluation of eHealth web sites for patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects up to 19.2 million Americans, and untreated kidney disease can progress to kidney failure. Patient education is an important part of slowing disease progression, but the ability of health professionals to provide this education is limited by time constraints. To date, there have been no systematic evaluations of CKD eHealth Web sites. Methods:Seven nonproprietary and 4 proprietary Web sites geared toward educating patients with CKD were identified by using the Internet to search for the terms "chronic kidney disease," "kidney disease," and "chronic renal failure." Web sites were evaluated according to (1) compliance with the principles of the Health on the Net (HON) Foundation Code of Conduct and (2) reading grade level. Results:Nonproprietary sites were in compliance with an average of 5.2 principles, with a range of 3 to 8. Average compliance of proprietary Web sites with the HON Code of Conduct principles was 3.12, with a range of 2 to 4 ( P = 0.021). Of nonproprietary Web sites, average reading grade level assessed by the Fry Readability Scale was greater than grade 14, with a range from grade 11 through graduate school. Of proprietary sites, average readability was grade 11, with a range from grades 7 through 16 ( P = 0.575). Conclusion:The Internet has the potential to be a very powerful educational tool for patients with CKD. However, many easily accessed CKD public health Web sites do not comply with accepted standards for health Web sites and are written using language beyond the general public's reading comprehension.
Wireless Location Technology-Based Traffic Monitoring : Preliminary Recommendations to Transportation Agencies Based on Synthesis of Experience and Simulation Results

There has been a growing interest in using anonymous tracking of wireless devices as a way to generate travel time and operational data cost-effectively. Unfortunately, there are relatively few independent quantitative evaluations of these systems. Evaluations that do exist are often not widely available, so agencies often enter into deployment agreements with a limited understanding of the abilities and limitations of this technology. This paper provides an overview of the results of past deployments of wireless probe monitoring systems. It also discusses a simulation study of the predominant type of system on the market today, handoff-based monitoring systems. Past deployments show that early-generation systems encountered significant problems in generating accurate speed estimates. More recent tests using handoff-based technology have shown improvement in data quality at some sites, but there are not enough data to characterize fully whether those systems can consistently provide useful operational data. The simulation study indicates that the way in which the cellular network topology overlays the roadway network could be a critical determinant of overall system effectiveness. Simulation results indicate that often with simulated handoff-based systems speeds can be estimated to within 5 mph.
The Cost of Living and Terror: Does Consumer Price Volatility Fuel Terrorism?

Do fluctuations of consumer prices prompt terrorist activity? A latent assumption among conflict scholars is that price volatilities for basic consumer goods produce hardships for people that increase popular grievances, damage government legitimacy, and raise the chances for terrorism. In this study, I use a series of regression estimations to test volatility in consumer price indices for energy, housing, and foods as predictors of domestic and transnational terrorism in a cross section of countries. I produce several findings. First, food price fluctuations are significant predictors of multiple measures of terrorism, while energy and housing prices are not. Second, rapid food price increases, not decreases, promote terrorist attacks. Third, the relationship between food price volatility and terrorism is most consistently present in nondemocratic and "hybrid" political regimes and in medium human development countries rather than in democracies or in countries characterized by very high or very low economic development.