cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defense related decadienal elicits membrane lipid remodeling in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Diatoms rapidly release extracellular oxylipins (oxygenated lipids) including polyunsaturated aldehydes in response to herbivory and other stresses. Oxylipins have several defense-related activities including inhibition of reproduction in herbivores and signaling to distant diatoms. Physiological changes in diatoms exposed to varying levels of oxylipins are only beginning to be understood. In this study, Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultures were treated with sublethal concentrations of the polyunsaturated aldehyde trans,trans-2,4-decadienal (DD) to assess effects on lipid composition and membrane permeability. In cells treated with DD for 3 hr, all measured saturated and unsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased (0.46–0.69 fold of levels in solvent control cells) except for 18:2 (decreased but not significantly). The decrease was greater in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pool than the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid pool. Analysis of lipid classes revealed increased abundances of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine at 3 and 6 hr. Concomitantly, these and other membrane lipids exhibited increased saturated and monounsaturated acyl chains content relative to polyunsaturated acyl chains compared to control cells. Evidence of decreased plasma membrane permeability in DD treated cells was obtained, based on reduced uptake of two of three dyes relative to control cells. Additionally, cells pre-conditioned with a sublethal DD dose for 3 hr then treated with a lethal DD dose for 2 hr exhibited greater membrane integrity than solvent pre-conditioned control cells that were similarly treated. Taken together, the data are supportive of the hypothesis that membrane remodeling induced by sublethal DD is a key element in the development of cellular resistance in diatoms to varying and potentially toxic levels of polyunsaturated aldehydes in environments impacted by herbivory or other stresses.
Comparison of Readmission Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction in 3 Patient Age Groups (18 to 44, 45 to 64, and ≥65 Years) in the United States

Postacute myocardial infarction (AMI) readmissions are common among Medicare beneficiaries (≥65 years) and are associated with significant resource utilization. However, patterns of AMI readmissions for younger age groups in the United States are not known. In the Nationwide Readmissions Database, a nationally representative all-payer database of inpatient hospitalizations, we identified 212,171 index AMI hospitalizations in January to November 2013, weighted to represent 478,247 hospitalizations nationally (mean age 66.9 years, 38% women, 29% low income). This included 26,516 cases in the 18 to 44 age group, 183,703 in the 45 to 64 age group, and 268,027 in the ≥65 age group. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 14.5% and varied across age groups (9.7% [18 to 44], 11.2% [45 to 64], and 17.3% [≥65]). The cumulative cost of 30-day readmissions was $1.1 billion, of which $365 million was spent on those <65 years of age. In multivariable hierarchical models, the risk of readmission was higher in women and in low-income patients, but the effect varied by age (p value for age-gender and age-income interactions <0.05) and was more prominent in the younger age groups. Further, patients in all age groups continue to have a high hospitalization burden beyond the typical 30-day readmission period, with an overall 24% post-AMI 90-day readmission rate. In conclusion, readmissions in young and middle-aged AMI survivors pose a substantial burden on patients and on U.S. health-care resources. Women and low-income patients with AMI, particularly those in younger age groups, are more frequently readmitted, and readmissions continue to burden the health-care system beyond the typical 30-day window. Future investigations would need to be targeted toward a better understanding and improvement of the rehospitalization burden for vulnerable patient groups.
A Thin Silicon Photonic Platform for Telecommunication Wavelengths

In this work, we present a high speed resonant modulator at 1550nm fabricated in the thin (< 100 nm) silicon device layer in a standard microelectronics SOI CMOS process. Data transmission at 25 Gbps over short distances and 12.5 Gbps over 50 km is demonstrated.
A Review of Resurgence and Replacement Causing Pest Outbreaks in IPM

Insect and mite pest resurgence occurs when an insecticide or acaricide treatment destroys the pest population and kills, repels, irritates or otherwise deters the natural enemies of the pest. The residual activity of the insecticide then expires and the pest population is able to increase more rapidly and to a higher abundance when natural enemies are absent or in low abundance. Replacement of a primary pest with a secondary pest occurs when an insecticide or acaricide treatment controls the primary pest and also destroys natural enemies of an injurious insect or mite that was regulated below an economic injury level by the natural enemies, thus, elevating the secondary pest to primary pest status. Disruption of natural controls is not always the cause of resurgence or replacement events. A dose-response phenomenon called hormesis can occur in pest populations exposed to sublethal doses of pesticides. This can cause an increase in fecundity (physiological hormoligosis) or oviposition behaviour (behavioural hormoligosis of the pest leading to a significant increase in its abundance. Selective insecticides and acaricides coupled with natural enemies and host plant resistance have become the alternative methods more commonly used by growers that encounter these problems. The purpose of this chapter is to review pesticide-induced resurgence and replacement in modern cropping systems and methods for measuring and resolving these problems.
Industry practices and compliance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines among California sprout firms.

Since 1995, raw vegetable sprouts have been implicated as the vehicle of infection in 15 foodborne outbreaks involving Salmonella and 2 foodborne outbreaks involving Escherichia coli O157:H7. To reduce the numbers of sprout-related outbreaks, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published Guidance for Industry: Reducing Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Sprouting Seeds in 1999. Between October 2000 and April 2001, 61.5% (16 of 26) of the known commercial sprout firms in California were enrolled in a survey to evaluate the industry practices of California sprouting operations and to determine compliance with FDA guidelines. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on firm demographics and seed disinfection practices. Additionally, free chlorine levels in seed disinfection solutions were measured, and 48-h spent irrigation water samples were collected from each firm. The irrigation water was screened for Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 with FDA-recommended test kits. Free chlorine levels in the treatment solutions ranged from 50 to 35,000 mg/liter (ppm), with a median of 14,000 mg/liter (ppm). Free chlorine levels were higher for firms producing alfalfa sprouts than for those producing only mung bean or soybean sprouts (P=0.03). Levels of free chlorine tended to be higher for firms using a calcium hypochlorite treatment solution than for firms using a sodium hypochlorite treatment solution (P=0.067). All 32 irrigation water samples screened for Salmonella tested negative. Of the irrigation water samples tested for E. coil O157:H7, 75% (24 of 32) tested negative, and 25% (8 of 32) tested presumptive positive. The eight presumptive positive samples were found to be negative after further testing. These results indicate that producers of alfalfa sprouts are generally achieving the FDA-recommended calcium hypochlorite level of 20,000 mg/liter (ppm), whereas mung bean sprout producers are not.
Managing Generational Changing in Computer Workstations

This paper compares the effectiveness of Sun’s product family design approach to DEC’s functional module approach in managing the transition from CISC to RISC-based architectures in computer workstations. Sun’s product family approach and its willingness to make an early and clean break with CISC provided for a smoother transition to new generation workstations.
A Novel Role for the Hippocampus in Category Learning.

The hippocampus has long been thought to play an important role in remembering details of specific experiences. Only recently has it been implicated in integrating information across events to generalize knowledge ([Preston et al., 2004][1]; [Zeithamova et al., 2012][2]; [Pajkert et al., 2017][3]).
Ocean Color Instrument Integration and Testing

This paper describes the plans, flows, key facilities, components and equipment necessary to fully integrate, functionally test, qualify and calibrate the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on the Plankton, Aerosols, Clouds, and oceans Ecosystem (PACE) observatory. PACE is currently in the design phase of mission development. It is scheduled to launch in 2022, extending and improving NASA's twenty-year record of satellite observations of global ocean biology, aerosols and clouds. PACE will advance the assessment of ocean health by measuring the distribution of phytoplankton, which are small plants and algae that sustain the marine food web. It will also continue systematic records of key atmospheric variables associated with air quality and the Earth's climate. PACE's primary sensor, the OCI, is a highly advanced optical spectrometer that will be used to measure properties of light over portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It will enable continuous measurement of light at finer wavelength resolution than previous NASA satellite sensors, extending key system ocean color data records for climate studies. The color of the ocean is determined by the interaction of sunlight with substances or particles present in seawater such as chlorophyll. By monitoring global phytoplankton distribution and abundance with unprecedented detail, the OCI will contribute to a better understanding of the complex systems that drive ocean ecology and it's impacts on global fisheries. This paper will focus on the Integration and Test (I&T) activities for OCI while it is at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The OCI integration consists of assembly and alignment of the rotating telescope, electronics box integration, fixed deck assembly integration, thermal systems integration and the final assembly and testing. This I&T phase will be followed by the OCI calibration and characterization, environmental tests which include electromagnetic interference (EMI)/electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), vibration with sine sweep, acoustics, shock, thermal balance, thermal vacuum, mass properties and center of gravity. This paper will briefly discuss OCI shipment and delivery to the spacecraft vendor for observatory level I&T as well as some launch preparation activities
Educating future leaders: integrating leadership into an introductory school counseling course

Evidence suggests school counselors are not getting sufficient leadership training within their graduate programs. In this pilot study, the authors explored the effectiveness of an 11-week leadersh...
Why are US military personnel prescribed transdermal fentanyl patches

Introduction Transdermal fentanyl is a continuous release opioid delivery system intended for use in opioid-tolerant patients requiring around-the-clock opioid therapy. The purpose of this study is to identify the most common indications for transdermal fentanyl prescriptions in active duty US military personnel, and determine whether these prescriptions meet US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labelling. Methods Active duty US military personnel initiating transdermal fentanyl therapy with prescriptions filled at Military Health System pharmacies between 2015 and 2019 were identified in the Military Data Repository. Electronic health records were searched for patient demographic information, clinical information and prescription data. A total of 225 patients with complete data were identified. Results The most common reason for transdermal fentanyl initiation was chronic non-cancer musculoskeletal pain. Among patients with non-cancer pain, 36% received their initial prescription from an internal medicine/primary care provider, and 35% did not meet published US FDA criteria for opioid tolerance prior to treatment initiation. There was an 81% decrease in patients initiating therapy between 2015 and 2019. Conclusions While a substantial minority of transdermal fentanyl prescriptions to US military personnel did not meet FDA guidelines on appropriate use, the overall number of prescriptions fell dramatically over the study period. This suggests that automated profile review or additional targeted policies to limit transdermal fentanyl prescribing are unnecessary at this time.
Interaction Equations for Biaxially Loaded Sections

A simple method for obtaining the exact interaction relationships of doubly symmetric sections under combined axial force and biaxial bending moments is presented. Simple expressions for approximating the interaction curves of wide-flange sections are proposed, and the associated plastic deformations are calculated. For illustration, interaction curves for a wide-flange section, a box section and a circular section are developed using the method. Simple analytical expressions to approximate the interaction relations of wide-flange sections are proposed, and the associated plastic deformations are calculated.
The use of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisone in the treatment of leukemia and leukosarcoma.

Forty-two patients with various diseases of leukocytic proliferation were treated with one or more courses of adrenocorticotropic hormone or cortisone. Of 13 patients with acute or subacute lymphocytic leukemia who received adequate courses of treatment, 9 (69 per cent) developed objective and hematologic evidence of well defined remissions. Remissions were, however, brief, lasting one to ten weeks. Retreatments produced further remissions but a state of refractoriness was eventually reached. Of 5 patients with acute granulocytic leukemia only 1 showed a slight clinical improvement with therapy. An actual acceleration of the process occurred in 2 cases. Two cases of monocytic leukemia showed no response and death seemed to be hastened. In 5 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, distinct improvement occurred in 4, particularly in those showing terminal leukemia with anemia, exfoliative dermatitis, or symptomatic hemolytic anemia. All of 5 cases of lymphosarcoma showed some degree of improvement. Features benefited were organ enlargement, symptomatic hemolytic anemia and anemia. In 5 cases of Hodgkin’s disease, 3 were notably benefited particularly with respect to constitutional symptoms. There was, however, no fundamental alteration of the disease process. Only 1 case of 5 with multiple myeloma showed a favorable response. Hyperglobulinemia decreased to a variable extent in all cases, as did Bence-Jones proteinuria. The characteristics of remission including reticulocytosis, thrombocytosis, white cell response and marrow picture are detailed. The effect of ACTH on the level of serum globulins, the activity of abnormal hemagglutinins, and sedimentation rate are likewise discussed. The nonspecific effects of adrenocorticotropic therapy are indicated. Comment is made of the undesirable effects of ACTH therapy. These included psychoses, fluid retention, hypertension, convulsions, porcine, obesity, acne, hirsutes and diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic effectiveness of ACTH is compared with the existing available methods of therapy in the hematologic conditions under discussion.
On the Regularity of Classical Field Theories in Minkowski Space-Time R3+1

One of the central issues in the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations is that of regularity or break-down of solutions to the important physical examples. This is intimately tied to the basic mathematical question of what we actually mean by solutions and, from a physical point of view, to the understanding of the very limits of validity of the corresponding physical theories.
Using Linux with Programmable Logic Controllers

Combining programmable logic controllers with linux can be acost-effective and robust method for providing specializedcontrol systems
Substance Abuse and Social Policy

Substance use policy regulates psychoactive drug use in society. Since the early twentieth century, national governments and international bodies have enacted legislation, policies, and programs to reduce psychoactive drug use and its related harms. This history reflects an ongoing effort to balance public health and public safety related to substance use, with the emphasis shifting in response to sociopolitical trends. Several sectors, including health care, law enforcement, the military, and national governments play a role in creating substance use policies. Policies can have unintended as well as intended consequences at the local, national, and global levels. By focusing on desired outcomes such as reduced direct and indirect harm associated with drug use, policymakers can increase the likelihood of success. Keywords: crime; drugs; public health; substance abuse
Dietary Fiber: Chemistry, Analysis, and Properties

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemistry analysis and properties of dietary fiber. The consumption of low fiber diets is a common etiological factor in many metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases of the western world. A diet that is rich in foods, which contain plant cell walls is protective against a range of diseases, in particular those prevalent in affluent western communities. Dietary fiber (DF) was initially defined as the skeletal remains of plant cells, in our diet, that are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes of man. The principal components of DF are complex polysaccharides, some of which are associated with polyphenolics and proteins. The parenchymatous tissues are particularly important in connection with DF, because the walls of these tissues comprise the bulk of the DF from fruits, vegetables, the cotyledons of seeds, and the endosperm of cereals. The cell walls of parenchymatous tissues contain approximately 3–6% of the dry weight of the walls as proteins. From the carbohydrate compositions of the starch-free alcohol-insoluble residues of guar seeds and dehusked guar seeds, it can be inferred that galactomannans are the major cell wall polysaccharides of the dehusked seeds. The water-holding capacity of fiber from bran is low compared with those of vegetable preparations. Cell walls of lignified tissues of dicotyledons contain relatively small amounts of pectin, and as the middle lamella region is impregnated with lignin, it is difficult to get an estimate of the titratable carboxyl groups of the fiber after exposure to acid.
Preventing Academic Skills Deficits

A functional approach to remediating academic skills deficits differs from a functional approach designed to remediate inappropriate behavior. When addressing inappropriate behavior, often the goals are to reduce idiosyncratic behavior that may serve different functions across students and/or environments. Thus, individual behavior change programs may have to be implemented for each student. When addressing academic skill deficits there are similar goals across students, which include increasing or improving performance on academic skills. While some students may go through their education never requiring any psychoeducational services designed to remediate inappropriate social behavior, all students receive services designed to improve academic skills. Therefore, any discussion of approaches designed to remediate academic skills deficits should also address procedures designed to prevent academic skills deficits.
Ground state entropy of Potts antiferromagnets and the approach to the two-dimensional thermodynamic limit

We study the ground state degeneracy per site (exponent of the ground state entropy) $W(\Lambda,(L_x=\infty) \times L_y,q)$ for the $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on infinitely long strips with width $L_y$ of 2D lattices $\Lambda$ with free and periodic boundary conditions in the $y$ direction, denoted FBC$_y$ and PBC$_y$. We show that the approach of $W$ to its 2D thermodynamic limit as $L_y$ increases is quite rapid; for moderate values of $q$ and $L_y \simeq 4$, $W(\Lambda,(L_x=\infty) \times L_y,q)$ is within about 5 % and ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$ of the 2D value $W(\Lambda,(L_x=\infty) \times (L_y=\infty),q)$ for FBC$_y$ and PBC$_y$, respectively. The approach of $W$ to the 2D thermodynamic limit is proved to be monotonic (non-monotonic) for FBC$_y$ (PBC$_y$). It is noted that ground state entropy determinations on infinite strips can be used to obtain the central charge for cases with critical ground states.
The effect of iodoacetate on the developing chick metanephros.

L'iodoacetate retarde histologiquement et histo-chimiquement le developpement du metanephros de l'embryon de poule.
CONNECTING UNIVERSITY SUPERVISION AND CRITICAL REFLECTION: MENTORING AND MODELING

This study reports on the experiences of supervisors in a university teacher preparation program regarding their critical reflection on their practice. This has an impact on the learning opportunities available for their student teachers. Findings include: (a) an understanding of critical reflection is something that builds over time for student teachers through exposure to their supervisor's practice; (b) explicitly modeling, guiding, and communicating the importance of critical reflection in teaching practice through supervisory stance helps teacher candidates develop critically reflective practices and understandings; (c) developing critical reflection in their individual and shared practices takes time for both parties.
Observation of site-dependent relaxation of the OH vibrational stretch mode in fused silica

Abstract We have investigated the vibrational relaxation of the OH impurity stretch mode in amorphous SiO2. At low temperatures, a short relaxation time of ≈10−10 s is found that varies strongly across the inhomogeneously broadened absorption line. The inhomogeneous broadenining is caused by a site-dependent frequency shift proportional to the strength of the hydrogen bond of the OH to neighboring atoms. Thus the observed lifetime decrease across the absorption line can be attributed to increasing hydrogen bond strength. A simple relation between the site-dependent vibrational lifetime and the frequency shift is presented.
TEM8 expression stimulates endothelial cell adhesion and migration by regulating cell-matrix interactions on collagen.

The TEM8 gene is selectively expressed in tumor versus normal blood vessels, though its function in endothelial cell biology is not known. Towards the goal of clarifying this function, we tested whether TEM8 overexpression, or blocking TEM8's function with a dominant negative protein, would modulate endothelial cell activities. We found that TEM8-expressing endothelial cells migrated at a rate 3-fold greater than control cells in a monolayer denudation assay. Also, the addition of recombinant TEM8 extracellular domain (TEM8-ED) specifically inhibited both chemokinetic and chemotactic migration on collagen in the denudation and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. The TEM8-ED binds preferentially to collagen, and TEM8 expression enhanced endothelial adhesion to collagen 3-fold; the latter response was antagonized by the TEM8-ED. Consistent with the TEM8-ED acting as a dominant negative inhibitor of endogenously expressed protein were data showing that the TEM8-ED had no effect on the activation of β1 integrin. TEM8 protein is present in human umbilical vein in situ and is expressed in low passage HUVEC in vitro. TEM8 protein expression in HUVEC was increased 5-fold by the initiation of tube formation, correlating expression of TEM8 with the angiogenic response. Taken together, these results indicate that TEM8 plays a positive role in endothelial cell activities related to angiogenesis.
Bereaved Parents' Experiences of Supportive and Unsupportive Communication

This study examines bereaved parents' experiences of supportive and unsupportive communication using the optimal matching model of stress and social support (Cutrona & Russell, 1990). Analysis of the interviews revealed that parents described action-facilitating support as supportive, although information-giving was experienced as unsupportive. Regarding nurturant support, bereaved parents felt emotionally supported when family and friends were willing to talk about their deceased child. Parents also described network support as helping them cope with their grief. The results of this study indicate that listening, being present, and honoring the ongoing connection parents have with their deceased child are key ways in which family and friends can communicate support to parents during a difficult and painful time.
Governance, product market competition and cash management in IPO firms

Abstract This study evaluates the link between CEO governance heterogeneity, power structure of the firm, and product market competition on various facets of post-IPO cash policy. Our results suggest that post-IPO cash holdings as well as marginal value of cash reserves are higher under a founder CEO governance regime relative to non-founder CEOs. Concentrating board power in the hands of founder CEOs however, reduces their ability to maintain higher post-IPO cash reserves. Our results also suggest that product market competition influences both the level and marginal value of cash reserves in the hands of founder CEOs. Further, we find that stronger internal governance reduces the tendency of IPO firms to deploy excess cash reserves to fund internal investments in excess of industry rivals. Finally, our results suggest that excess cash reserves in competitive industry environments lead to superior post-IPO operating performance.
Involvement of protein kinase C and an elastase‐like enzyme in the processing of transforming growth factor‐α in human colon carcinoma cell lines

Human colon carcinoma cell lines secrete transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). Previous work indicated that the apparent m.w. of the TGF-alpha secreted by these cells ranged between 5 and 25 kDa. The more differentiated GEO cell line secreted a higher percentage of high m.w. TGF-alpha than did the poorly differentiated HCT 116 cell line. In addition, the HCT 116 cells secreted 5-fold more TGF-alpha. Treatment of HCT 116 and GEO cells with a phorbol ester (TPA) resulted in a 4-fold increase in TGF-alpha in the conditioned media of both cell types. The TPA-induced release of TGF-alpha was blocked by an inhibitor of elastase-like enzymes. This suggested a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in TGF-alpha processing in colon carcinoma cells. Direct measurement of PKC activity indicated that the HCT 116 cells (which secrete more fully processed TGF-alpha) had 10-fold more PKC activity than GEO cells. The presence of an elastase-like activity in detergent extracts and the ability of an elastase inhibitor to block the TPA-induced secretion of TGF-alpha suggests that PKC and an elastase-like enzyme are involved in the processing and secretion of TGF-alpha by human colon carcinoma cell lines.
Molecular Simulation of Poly-α-olefin Synthetic Lubricants: Impact of Molecular Architecture on Performance Properties

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed at constant pressure and temperature on three structurally distinct poly-α-olefin (PAO) isomers representative of a major component in synthetic motor oil basestock. In agreement with empirical observations, the temperature dependence of viscosity, as characterized by the viscosity number (VN), is reduced as the degree of branching is lowered. A molecular-level explanation for this behavior is given in terms of the energy barriers for intramolecular reorientation. Other dynamic properties, such as the diffusivity and rate of tumbling, were also computed and found to have similar dependencies on temperature as the viscosity. Based on these calculations, it appears that PAO molecules with long, widely spaced branches should yield a higher VN than those with short, closely spaced branches. The impact of shear rate on PAO properties is also investigated. High shear rates and shear-thinning increases the VN because the behavior of the ...
Potassium modulation of corticosterone secretion from perifused mouse adrenal cells

Abstract Potassium has long been recognized as a significant modulator of aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Its role as a regulator of glucocorticoids is less clear. Using a perifusion of dispersed mouse adrenal cells, we found a dose-related effect of extracellular potassium (K + ) on secretion of the major rodent glucocorticoid, corticosterone. The maximal elicitable response was 33% of the maximal response to ACTH. An increase in K + concentration enhanced the effect of ACTH, while K + -free medium depressed the response to ACTH. The temporal characteristics of the corticosterone response to K + were similar to that of ACTH and consistent with a primary effect on biosynthesis rather than on discharge of a preformed pool of hormone. The results indicate that a significant ion-mediated mechanism modulates ACTH-stimulated glucocorticoid secretion and suggest that further studies of endogenous substances operative by ionic mechanisms might be warranted.
Mountain pine beetle scarring of lodgepole pine in south-central Oregon

Abstract Three forest disturbance periods, 1973—present, 1922–1929, and 1827–1946 were determined by aging scars on stems of lodgepole pine trees. All of the scars from the 1970's and 1920's, and most of the scars from the 1820's–40's were determined to be caused by the mountain pine beetle. A few scars from the earliest period may be the result of fire. Diagnostic characteristics of beetle scars are: resemblance to fire scars, pitch tubes, beetle emergence holes, blue stain, beetle galleries, retained bark on the scar face, and an orange or red discoloration around healthy sapwood. Beetle attacks tend to have a northeastern aspect and extend approximately two-thirds around tree boles at breast height. By recognizing beetle scars it is possible to accurately age previous mountain pine beetle attacks. Many scars which had been thought to be of fire origin are actually caused by the mountain pine beetle.
Role of medial lamellar architecture in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms

Abstract The human abdominal aorta is particularly susceptible to the formation of aneurysms with atrophic walls. This aortic segment normally has fewer medical lamellar units than would be expected for a mammalian aorta of comparable diameter as well as far fewer medical vasa vasorum than would be expected for an aortic wall of comparable thickness. To test the hypothesis that ischemia and/or loss of normal lamellar architecture are predisposing factors for aneurysm formation, we used the pig thoracic aorta, which is furnished with 75 medical layers and vasa supplying the outer two thirds. Vasal blood flow was surgically ablated, and crushing injury was used to reduce the number of intact lamellar units. Mural ischemia alone resulted in necrosis of cells in the medial zone furnished by vasa but did not lead to aneurysmal dilatation, and all the fibrous tissue layers persisted during the 2-month observation period. Mechanical injury resulted in aneurysms in both ischemic and nonischemic aortic segments, but only if fewer than 40 intact lamellae remained and the average tension per lamellar unit exceeded three times the normal value of 1316 ± 202 dynes/cm (4543 ± 1624 for ischemic and 4087 ± 871 for nonischemic segments; p
A model fish.

Sex, Color and Mate Choice in Guppies by Anne E. Houde Princeton University Press, Monographs in Behavior and Ecology, 1997. £35.00/$49.50 hbk, £14.95/$19.95 pbk (xii +210 pages) ISBN 0 691 02790 0 / 0 691 02789 7.
The Nationalist Party of America: Right-Wing Activism and Billy Roper's White Revolution

This profile examines the emerging Nationalist Party of America and its leader, Billy Joe Roper. Founder and chairman of White Revolution, a neo-Nazi group and Internet social networking site, Roper was a write-in candidate in the November 2010 Arkansas gubernatorial race. Drawing parallels with David Duke's political campaigns in Louisiana, this profile paints a picture of a rising star in a reactionary movement fueled by racism and his attempt to enter mainstream politics. I introduce portions of his party platform and conclude by discussing some consequences of right-wing political activism for the USA.
Photophysical properties of fluorescence probes I: dialkylamino stilbazolium dyes

The photophysical and photochemical behavior of different isomers of dimethylamino-stilbazolium dyes was investigated in n-alcohols at different temperatures by stationary and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. At room temperature, an efficient nonradiative deactivation knr was observed, which increases in high-polarity and low-viscosity solvents. For viscosities < 10 cP, knr possesses a linear viscosity dependence. At low temperatures, the fluorescence spectra show considerable blue shifts, which are absent in solvent polarity changes relative to room temperature, and a spectral narrowing. From the combined quantum yield and lifetime measurements, knr is shown to decrease strongly with decreasing temperature, by more than two orders of magnitude, and kf is shown to increase. These facts and the observation of an initial lifetime lengthening by increasing the temperature from 77 K indicate several simultaneously emitting states with a temperature-dependent population efficiency. These states were tentatively assigned to several possible single-bond twisted excited conformers. This assignment is supported by the near absence of isomerization.
A non-associated flow rule for sheet metal forming

Abstract An improved model of material behavior is proposed that shows good agreement with experimental data for both yield and plastic strain ratios in uniaxial, equi-biaxial, and plane-strain tension under proportional loading for steel, aluminum and possibly other alloys. This model is based on a non-associated flow rule in which the plastic potential and yield surface functions are defined by quadratic functions of the stress tensor. The plastic potential aspect of the model is identical to that proposed by Hill for a quadratic anisotropic plastic potential defined in terms of measured r values. The new model differs in that the yield surface, although also defined by a quadratic function of the stress tensor, is defined independently of the plastic potential in terms of measured yield stresses. The model is developed and implemented in an FEM code that is based on a convected coordinate system. Since the associated flow rule, which assumes equivalency between the plastic potential and yield functions, is commonly accepted as a valid law in the theory of plastic deformation of most metals, the arguments for the associated flow rule are also discussed.
Explanation for the oxide thickness dependence of breakdown characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor structures

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented showing that the thickness dependence observed for charge-to-breakdown measurements of very thin oxide layers in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures is correlated with that for the reduction in total generated microscopic defects necessary to induce destruction. These results are discussed in relationship to the formation of paths connecting some of these defects from the cathode to the anode at the time of breakdown.
Self-excited oscillations of two elastic half-spaces sliding with a constant coefficient of friction

Two flat isotropic elastic half-spaces, of different material properties, are pressed together and slide against each other with a constant coefficient of friction. Although a nominally steady-state solution exists, an analysis of the dynamic problem demonstrates that the steady solution can be dynamically unstable. Eigenvalues with positive real parts give rise to self-excited motion which occurs for a wide range of material pairs, coefficients of friction, and sliding velocities (including very low speeds). These self-excited oscillations are generally confined to the region near the interface and can lead either to regions of loss of contact or to areas of stick slip. The mechanism responsible for the instability is essentially one of destabilization of interfacial (slip) waves. It is expected that these vibrations might play an important role in the behavior of sliding members with dry friction.
Temperature-dependent β-sheet formation in β-amyloid Aβ1–40 peptide in water: uncoupling β-structure folding from aggregation

To probe the role of temperature in the conversion of soluble Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) to insoluble beta-sheet rich aggregates, we analyzed the solution conformation of Abeta(1-40) from 0 to 98 degrees C by far-UV circular dichroism (CD) and native gel electrophoresis. The CD spectra of 15-300 microg/ml Abeta(1-40) in aqueous solution (pH approximately 4.6) at 0 degrees C are concentration-independent and suggest a substantially unfolded and/or unusually folded conformation characteristic of Abeta monomer or dimer. Heating from 0 to 37 degrees C induces a rapid reversible coil to beta-strand transition that is independent of the peptide concentration and thus is not linked to oligomerization. Consequently, this transition may occur within the Abeta(1-40) monomer or dimer. Incubation at 37 degrees C leads to slow reversible concentration-dependent beta-sheet accumulation; heating to 85 degrees C induces further beta-sheet folding and oligomerization. Our results demonstrate the importance of temperature and thermal history for the conformation of Abeta.
Expression and activity of methionine cycle genes are altered following folate and vitamin E deficiency under oxidative challenge: Modulation by apolipoprotein E-deficiency

Folate deficiency increases neuronal oxidative damage and potentiates the deleterious effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency. Mice lacking ApoE (ApoE -/- mice) upregulate the expression and activity of another enzyme, glutathione synthase (GS), when deprived of folate, in an apparent attempt to compensate for increased oxidative damage. Herein, we examined the influence of ApoE and folate deficiency on expression and activity of several enzymes of the methionine cycle. Expression and activity of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase was increased in the order ApoE +/+ < ApoE +/- < ApoE -/- in response to folate deprivation. Expression of cystathione beta synthase followed a similar pattern. By contrast, expression and activity of methionine synthase decreased following folate deprivation in the order ApoE +/+ < ApoE +/- < ApoE -/-. These studies demonstrate that folate deficiency induces compensatory regulation of methionine cycle genes, and that these effects are potentiated by ApoE deficiency in a gene-dosage manner. They further support the notion that latent genetic deficiencies, including those of methionine cycle, may contribute to Alzheimer's disease, especially in concert with age-related nutritional deficiencies.
Cytochromes P450 from Papilio polyxenes: Adaptations to host plant allelochemicals

Abstract 1. Papilio polyxenes , a caterpillar which feeds on xanthotoxin-containing plants, has cytochromes P450 that are six- to 100-fold less sensitive to the suicide substrate inhibitor, xanthotoxin, than cytochromes P450 from Manduca sexta , which does not survive on xanthotoxin-containing plants. 2. Xanthotoxin is a suicide substrate inhibitor of O -demethylation of p -nitroanisole by M. sexta microsomes but a reversible inhibitor of O -demethylation by P. polyxenes microsomes. 3. Aldrin epoxidation is irreversibly inhibited by xanthotoxin in both species. 4. Patterns of cross inhibition demonstrate that O -demethylase and aldrin epoxidase from both species and the P. polyxenes xanthotoxin-metabolizing cytochrome P450 are distinct enzymes.
Entrepreneurial Regionalist Planning in a Rescaled Spain: The Cases of Bilbao and València

European politics and planning have recently been characterized by a shift to economic entrepreneurialism at sub-national scales, and the planned redevelopment of the city-region in pursuit of global competitiveness, which scholars have interpreted in light of political-economic “rescaling” or regionalization and the emergence of a “new regionalism.” Analyzing rescaling largely in terms of shifting economic and institutional structures, however, many accounts underestimate the complexity and enduring power of so-called ‘old’ regionalist politics of culture and identity as backdrop to urban redevelopment planning. In this paper we address how the urban planning process mediates between the seemingly dichotomous tendencies of regionalized entrepreneurialism and cultural regionalism. Using case studies of two Spanish autonomous regions and their major urban centers – the Basque Country or Euskadi (Bilbao) and the Comunitat Valenciana (Valencia) – we review the historical geography of planning in the European region in order to explore how cultural regionalism collides with economic rescaling and entrepreneurialism, in and through the planned landscape. We propose that such emerging and hybrid politics and planning be understood as a form of entrepreneurial regionalism, a culturally inflected form of economic competitiveness characteristic of but not unique to the Spanish region. This specific notion of entrepreneurial regionalism may illuminate how planners mediate global and local imperatives within political discourse and landscapes that materialize them, and allow us to better reconceptualize the relationship between economic globalization, state restructuring, and cultural politics in a new Europe of the Regions.
"successful" coiling of a giant ophthalmic aneurysm resulting in blindness: Case report and critical review

Giant ophthalmic aneurysms often present with visual loss secondary to mass effect upon the optic pathways and also carry a high risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endovascular coil embolization is used in select cases to occlude these aneurysms, but this approach is less effective than direct surgical obliteration because of the high rate of aneurysm recanalization and the possibility of worsening mass effect.
Extraktionsanalytische Verwendung des nicht sulfonierten Eriochromschwarz T

Erio OS (die dem Eriochromschwarz T analoge Verbindung ohne Sulfogruppe) ist in organischen Solvenzien loslich und bildet mit einigen zweiwertigen Metallen sowie Indium und Gallium rot gefarbte, extrahierbare Komplexe. Die Komplexbildung kann selektiv durch Maskierungsmittel unterbunden werden. Es wird uber einige spezifische Nachweise hoher Empfindlichkeit berichtet. Die extrahierten Metallkomplexe konnen in der organischen Phase photometrisch sehr genau bestimmt werden. Die Mehrzahl anderer Metallionen stort nicht, seibst bei Anwesenheit in groseren Mengen.
The Vector Model of Preferences: An Alternative to the Fishbein Model

Based on certain assumptions in the Fishbein model [#25] unacceptable to the author a new model of preferences is developed and tested.
Current sharing control for cascaded H-bridge applied to secondary use batteries in Community Energy Storage systems

This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge inverter topology for the application of secondary-use batteries as grid-connected energy storage. The proposed control strategy allows a degree of control over individual battery currents while the total system follows an arbitrary current command. This enables the aggregation and optimal use of battery packs with different capacities and states of health, overcoming a significant drawback of existing implementations.
Luxury fashion consumption in China: Factors affecting attitude and purchase intent

Abstract This study examined influencing factors that affect Chinese consumers’ attitude towards purchasing luxury fashion goods and purchase intent. Data was collected in three major cities in China (i.e., Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou). A total of 161 respondents were included. Using regression analyses, the results indicated that brand consciousness, social comparison and fashion innovativeness have significant impact on attitude towards purchasing luxury fashion goods among Chinese consumers. In addition, Chinese consumers’ purchasing intention for luxury fashion goods was affected by their attitude towards buying luxury fashion goods. Practical and managerial implications are further discussed.
Sin, narcissism, and the changing face of conversion.

Noting that current psychological discussions of conversion give far less attention to the “sense of sin” than did William James and his contemporaries, this article argues for renewed attention to sin and its role in the conversion experience. Using data from a survey of Christian laity on their attitudes toward the traditional deadly sins, the author concludes that the sins that trouble men and women today involve their narcissistic needs. As many seek relief from the “tyranny” of their narcissistic needs, the author contends that what would constitute conversion for them is the “transformation” of narcissism. Typical candidates for such conversion are adults, not adolescents.
Spin and Parity Measurements of the Higgs-Like Boson in the H → ZZ → 4l Channel at CMS

The most recent CMS results are presented for an analysis of the spin and parity of the Higgs-like boson near 126 GeV in the ZZ decay channel where the Z bosons decay into two muons or electrons. The analysis utilizes the full dataset recorded by CMS of 5.1 fb−1 and 19.6 fb−1 of pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of √s = 7 and 8 TeV respectively. The Standard Model prediction is compared against six alternate JP hypotheses. In all cases, the data favor the Standard Model prediction.
Exercise training and the antioxidant α-lipoic acid in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

One hallmark of the insulin-resistant state of prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes is an impaired ability of insulin to activate glucose transport in skeletal muscle, due to defects in IRS-1-dependent signaling. An emerging body of evidence indicates that one potential factor in the multifactorial etiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance is oxidative stress, an imbalance between the cellular exposure to an oxidant stress and the cellular antioxidant defenses. Exposure of skeletal muscle to an oxidant stress leads to impaired insulin signaling and subsequently to reduced glucose transport activity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that treatment of insulin-resistant animals and type 2 diabetic humans with antioxidants, including α-lipoic acid (ALA), is associated with improvements in skeletal muscle glucose transport activity and whole-body glucose tolerance. An additional intervention that is effective in ameliorating the skeletal muscle insulin resistance of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is endurance exercise training. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the combination of exercise training and antioxidant treatment using ALA in an animal model of obesity-associated insulin resistance provides a unique interactive effect resulting in a greater improvement in insulin action on skeletal muscle glucose transport than either intervention individually. Moreover, this interactive effect of exercise training and ALA is due in part to improvements in IRS-1-dependent insulin signaling. These studies highlight the effectiveness of combining endurance exercise training and antioxidants in beneficially modulating the molecular defects in insulin action observed in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.