cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRAIN DISPOSITION, LIVER METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES TO BARBITURATES IN INBRED “SENSITIVE” AND “RESISTANT” MICE

The disposition and metabolism of hexobarbitone (H) was studied in two paired genotypes of inbred strains of mice (BSVS and BRVR) “sensitive” or “resistant” to barbiturates. Whole brain H concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. H concentrations in five different brain areas were studied at 5 or 10 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of 14C-labelled H. Radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation counting. The whole brain concentrations were similar in both strains despite widely varying behavioural responses. At 5 minutes after injection, the only significant differences were found in sensitive animals: males had higher concentrations in all brain regions than females. In general, sensitive males slept longer and showed higher concentrations in all regions examined than did the other groups. They were the only group to exhibit a significant drop from the 5- to the 10-minute samples. Metabolism of H by the liver microsomal fraction was significantly lower in “resistant” females than in other groups. There was an apparent lack of correlation between drug concentrations, metabolism and pharmacologic responses (narcosis) within and between these two strains. This suggests that there are genetically controlled differences in neuronal sensitivity to the drug.
Study of Substrate Diffusion in Epitaxial N-Type CdSe Films Grown on GaAs (001) by Pulsed Laser Ablation

N-type CdSe films with thicknesses of 470--630 nm were grown on (001) and 2{degree}-miscut GaAs wafers by ArF (193 nm) pulsed laser ablation of stoichiometric CdSe targets at platen temperatures (T{sub p}) of 250--425 C in vacuum and ambient Ar gas. Film-substrate interdiffusion was studied with Auger depth profiling, as well as energy dispersive x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (EDS). Both techniques showed that extensive interdiffusion took place at the film-substrate interface for CdSe films grown at T{sub p} {ge} 355 C but was greatly reduced at T{sub p} = 250 C. Tilting the substrate to be approximately parallel to the ablation plume as well as decreasing the ambient gas pressure also reduced film-substrate interdiffusion.
Device-associated infections among neonatal intensive care unit patients: incidence and associated pathogens reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2006-2008.

Objective. To describe rates and pathogen distribution of device-associated infections (DAIs) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients and compare differences in infection rates by hospital type (children’s vs general hospitals).Patients and setting. Neonates in NICUs participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network from 2006 through 2008.Methods. We analyzed central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), umbilical catheter–associated bloodstream infections (UCABs), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among 304 NICUs. Differences in pooled mean incidence rates were examined using Poisson regression; nonparametric tests for comparing medians and rate distributions were used.Results. Pooled mean incidence rates by birth weight category (750 g or less, 751–1,000 g, 1,001–1,500 g, 1,501–2,500 g, and more than 2,500 g, respectively) were 3.94, 3.09, 2.25, 1.90, and 1.60 for CLABSI; 4.52, 2.77, 1.70, 0.91, and 0.92 for UCAB; and 2.36, 2.08, 1.28, 0.86, and 0.72 for VAP. When rates...
Out-of-plane orbit estimation and tracking for aerial recovery of micro air vehicles

Aerial recovery of autonomous micro air vehicles (MAVs) presents many unique challenges due to the difference in size and speed of the recovery vehicle and MAV. This paper presents algorithms to enable an autonomous MAV to estimate the orbit of a recovery vehicle and track the orbit until the final docking phase. Several algorithms are presented, which are shown to be robust and computationally inexpensive. Methods for estimating ellipses that are rotated out of the x−y plane are developed and demonstrated through simulation. An algorithm to enable the MAV to track the recovery vehicle's orbit, based on the vector field approach, is also presented.
Optimal Design of Small-Diameter Silicone Chest Drain Devices

To overcome the complications due to the use of noncompliant large diameter conventional chest drain devices, a flexible small diameter chest drain device was designed and simulated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. It was clearly shown that the pressure drop and velocity increase of the most distal drainage holes, which are located near the suction end, are dominant over other drainage holes. A conventional chest drain device with circular side holes showed higher mass flow rate due to larger cross sectional area. It also showed less dependency on the side hole placement compared to open channel, closed cavity chest drain with rectangular side holes. When all holes are opened the conventional chest drain showed 6% increase in flow rate while the open channel, closed cavity drain device showed 47% increase in flow rate reflecting a better design performance. These results provide an insight into the CFD-based optimal design of chest drain devices for potential applications in clinical intraoperative procedures.
Drug sensitivity, drug-resistant mutations, and structures of three conductance domains of viral porins

Recent controversies associated with the structure of the M2 protein from influenza A virus and the binding site of drug molecules amantadine and rimantadine motivated the comparison here of the drug binding to three viral porins including the M2 proteins from influenza A and B as well as the viral protein ‘u’ from HIV-1. While the M2 protein from influenza B does not normally bind amantadine, chimeras with the M2 protein from influenza A show blockage by amantadine. Similarly, Vpu does not normally bind rimantadine, but the single site mutation A18H converts a non-specific channel to a selective proton channel that is sensitive to rimantadine. The comparison of structures and amino acid sequences shows that the membrane protein sample environment can have a significant influence on the structural result. While a bilayer surface bound amphipathic helix has been characterized for AM2, such a helix may be possible for BM2 although it has evaded structural characterization in detergent micelles. A similar amphipathic helix seems less likely for Vpu. Even though the A18H Vpu mutant forms rimantadine sensitive proton channels, the binding of drug and its influence on the protein structure appears to be very different from that for the M2 proteins. Indeed, drug binding and drug resistance in these viral porins appears to result from a complex set of factors.
Virtual Mouse Placenta: Tissue Layer Segmentation

Microscopic imaging is an important phenotyping tool to characterize the phenotype (e.g., morphology and behavior) change caused by genotype manipulation such as mutation and gene knockout. Recently we use high resolution microscopic imaging to study the morphological change on mouse placenta induced by retinoblast (Rb) gene knockout. In order to assess the morphological change we first segment each microscopic image into regions corresponding to different tissue types. Due to the complex structure of these tissues and large variation among the more than 2000 images, we design a Bayesian supervised segmentation method which utilizing image features of all levels. The method has been applied to the entire data set and generated satisfactory results that is essential for further analysis on 3-D morphological change of the tissue types
Ozone Production in the Positive DC Corona Discharge: Model and Comparison to Experiments

A numerical model of ozone generation in clean, dry air by positiue DC corona discharges from a thin wire is presented. The model combines the physical processes in the corona discharge with the chemistry of ozone formation and destruction in the air stream. The distributions of ozone and nitrogen oxides are obtained in the neighborhood of the corona discharge wire. The model is ualidated with preuiously published experimental data. About 80% of the ozone produced is attributed to the presence of excited nitrogen and oxygen molecules. A parametric study reueals the effects of linear current density (0.1–100 µAcm of wire), wire radius (10– 1000 µm), temperature (300–800 K) and air uelocity (0.05–2 ms) on the production of ozone. The rate of ozone production increases with increasing current and wire size and decreases with increasing temperature. The air uelocity affects the distribution of ozone, but does not affect the rate of production.
THE IMPACT OF PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ON SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS

The theoretical aspects of using spread spectrum techniques to improve the performance of communication systems operating in a strong interference environment have been known for over thirty years (1). It is only in recent years, however, that it has become feasible to implement such systems on a practical, operational basis. The ability to accomplish such implementation is almost totally the result of the development of advanced processing techniques. As the capability to implement even more complex processing techniques is developed, the usefulness of spread spectrum techniques in everyday communications will be enhanced. Thus, it is anticipated that spread spectrum communications will play an increasingly important role in the overall communications environment.
Sound propagation around arrays of rigid and porous cylinders in free space and near a ground boundary

Abstract Sound propagation through sonic crystals has been widely studied both theoretically and experimentally, because of its potential applications in many areas such as environmental noise barriers and sound cloaking. In this paper, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulation coupled with the immersed boundary method is used to investigate the transmission properties of sonic crystals modeled as arrays of cylinders. Arrays in free field as well as those arranged above a ground boundary are studied. In the latter case, the cylinder axes are parallel to the ground plane. By comparing with the semi-analytical solutions, the numerical scheme is validated for simple arrays of rigid cylinders. The effects of locations and materials of cylinders, along with the ground effect, are investigated. The results are presented with discussions on achieving optimized sonic crystals for sound blockage.
Neural, endocrine and immune regulation of secretory component production by lacrimal gland acinar cells.

Our previous research has shown that the endocrine, nervous and immune systems regulate the production of secretory component (SC), the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, by acinar (epithelial) cells from the rat lacrimal gland.1 Thus, acinar cell exposure in vitro to androgens (e. g., dihydrotestosterone [DHT]), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, cyclic AMP analogues (e. g., 8-bromoadenosine 3’:5’- cyclic monophosphate [bcAMP]), cyclic AMP inducers (e. g., cholera toxin, PGE2), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e. g., 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine), IL-lα, IL-lβ, or TNF-α results in a significant increase in SC output.2-4 Conversely, cellular treatment with the cholinergic agent, carbachol, causes a significant suppression of both androgen-induced and basal SC release by acinar cells.3,4
E-023 perfusion characteristics of meningiomas as a function of arterial inputs: correlation of dsa with intravenous and intra-arterial mr perfusion

Purpose To evaluate the ability of intravenous (IV) and intraarterial (IA) MR perfusion to characterize meningioma blood supply. Materials and methods Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this prospective, HIPAA-compliant study. Studies were performed in a suite comprised of an x-ray angiography unit and 1.5T MR scanner that permitted intraprocedural patient movement between the imaging modalities. Twelve patients underwent IV and IA T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast MR perfusion immediately prior to x-ray-guided meningioma embolization. DSA was used to characterize regional arterial supply to the tumor as ECA dural, ICA dural or pial. MR perfusion data ROIs were analyzed in regions with different vascular supply to extract peak height, full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), and time to 50% and 60% signal recovery (TSR50–60%). One-sided t-tests were used to analyze ROI data. Results Arterial supply was ECA dural (n = 11), ICA dural (n = 4) or pial (n = 3) based on DSA. No differences in IA MR perfusion peak height (p = 0.66), FWHM (p = 0.78), TSR50% (p = 0.41), and TSR60% (p = 0.55) were found between ECA and ICA dural ROIs. ICA and ECA dural ROIs were combined and compared to pial ROIs. Pial ROIs demonstrated shorter FWHM (t = 7.9s vs. 16.9s, p = 0.025), TSR50% (t = 5.2s vs. 12.6s, p = 0.043), and TSR60% (t = 6.5s vs. 16.4s, p = 0.046). There was no difference in peak height. For IV MR perfusion, no differences were found between ECA and ICA dural ROIs and dural and pial ROIs. Conclusions IA MR perfusion measures can identify ICA-derived pial supply not amenable to embolization, although IV MR perfusion imaging may not be sensitive enough. Disclosures S. Hetts: 1; C; NIH-NIBIB, NIH-NCI, Siemens, Penumbra, Stryker, MicroVention Terumo. 2; C; Silk Road Medical, Medina Medical, Stryker, Penumbra. 4; C; ChemoFilter, Medina Medical. 5; C; UCSF. M. Lum: None. A. Martin: None. D. Cooke: None. P. Lillaney: None. M. Amans: None. F. Settecase: None. A. Nicholson: None. C. Dowd: None. V. Halbach: None. R. Higashida: None. M. McDermott: None. D. Saloner: 1; C; NIH-NCI.
VUV stimulated Raman scattering of an ArF laser in D 2 and HD

The production of short wavelengths using stimulated Raman generation in H2 has long been adopted as a simple and efficient method for generating relatively high powers of VUV radiation. We have reported the generation of light at 170 nm through Raman shifting a doubled dye laser to the sixth anti-Stokes wave.
SU-F-P-38: Professional Practice Evaluation and Quality Improvement

Purpose: In 2008, The Joint Commission (JC) implemented a standard mandating clearly defined quality improvement metrics to be factored into the evaluation of medical practitioners’ professional performance as part of the process of granting and maintaining medical staff privileges in a hospital. Specifically, there are two processes for a credentialed medical staff member to go through: Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluation (OPPE) and Focused Professional Practice Evaluation (FPPE). This is an unfamiliar area to many of our medical physicists. The process of implementing Professional Practice Evaluation (PPE) into clinical practice is rather complex. It requires a considerable amount of work and collaboration. The quality metrics are typically different for physicists than physicians, and are specialty specific (therapy physicists vs. imaging physicists). However, in the future, some clinical medical physicists will likely be involved in this process for quality improvement. This presentation will provide an update to clinical medical physicists regarding OPPE and FPPE as well as discuss how to implement PPE in medical physics practice. Methods: Provide an overall of JC requirements and OPPE/FPPE.Discuss quality improvement metrics for clinical medical physicists.Evaluate methods/tools for meaningful data collection.Demonstrate the process of implementing PPE into clinical practice. Results: By understanding the concepts of OPPE and FPPE and the JC requirements, the clinical medical physicists will be better prepared for going through the credentialing process and achieving quality improvement. Conclusion: Sooner or later the clinical medical physicists will likely be involved in the process of PPE. It is challenging but also an opportunity for the medical physicists to become members of medical staffs of their institutions. AAPM as a group should start preparing for and/or implementing PPE in their clinical practices for achieving quality improvement.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension with and without Severe Features

Objective The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) task force on hypertension in pregnancy introduced a new definition of superimposed preeclampsia (SIP) adding severe features (SF) as new criteria to define severe disease. They also recommended that those with SIP be delivered ≥ 37 weeks, whereas those with SF be delivered ≤ 34 weeks. Our aim was to investigate the validity of this new definition by comparing adverse pregnancy outcomes in SIP with (SIP-SF) and without SF (SIP). Study Design Women with chronic hypertension (CHTN) enrolled in a multicenter trial were studied. SIP was reclassified according to the new definition to SIP and SIP-SF (persistent systolic blood pressure [BP] > 160 or diastolic BP > 110, platelets 70, creatinine > 1.1, or persistent central nervous system/abdominal symptoms). Composite adverse outcomes including rates of indicated preterm birth, abruptio placentae, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal death were compared by chi-square. Adjustment was done with a multivariate logistic-regression analysis and all statistical tests were two-sided. Results A total of 216 women (28%) out of 774 with CHTN developed SIP, 87 (11%) had SIP-SF, and 129 (17%) didn't have SF. Baseline characteristics including maternal age, baseline BP, and assignment to low-dose aspirin were similar between groups. Using univariate analysis, the composite adverse outcome was higher among the SIP-SF group (p = 0.04), as well as indicated preterm birth (p = 0.02), cesarean section (p = 0.02), and SGA (p = 0.02). After adjustment, composite adverse outcomes were not significantly different between groups. The rate of SGA, however, was higher among SIP-SF (adjusted odds ratio: 3.12, p = 0.02). Conclusion The rate of SIP-SF in this study was 11% of all women with CHTN. Surprisingly, pregnancy outcomes were not significantly different in those with and without SF. We suggest a prospective observational study to determine the optimal timing for delivery in those with SIP using new ACOG diagnostic criteria.
Have Debt Relief Initiatives Yielded Varying Effects in Resource and Non-resource Endowed Countries in Africa?

In 1996 the World Bank and International Monetary Fund initiated a series of debt relief programs for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) to help them reduce multilateral public and publicly guaranteed debt and ensure a permanent exit from debt rescheduling. This chapter evaluates these programs’ impact on growth in Africa’s resource (RECs)- and non-resource (NRECs)-exporting HIPCs. We introduce a novel approach in which we measure debt relief initiatives by an interaction of debt service and dummy variables corresponding to the periods: pre-debt relief, pre-decision point, and post-decision point. Results reveal that debt relief initiatives enhanced growth in the pre-decision point period in NRECs while impeding in RECs. However, in post-decision point period, they increased growth across samples.
The Administration of Things in Post-PRI Mexico: The View from the Mayor’s Office

Friedrich Engels believed that, once the state withered away all that would be left for government would be “the administration of things” (Engels 1987 [1894]). Politics as class struggle would disappear, to be replaced by technocratic responses to administrative problems. The answers to these problems would be without distributive impact.
Impacts of Invasive Phragmites australis on Diamondback Terrapin Nesting in Chesapeake Bay

The range expansion of exotic plant species, including the invasive reed Phragmites australis, causes widespread structural and functional changes to coastal ecosystems along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America. Native estuarine species, such as the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), are at risk of adverse effects from rapid habitat changes due to exotic invasions. Diamondback terrapins currently face population threats including by-catch mortality in crab pots, predation, and habitat loss, and populations may continue to suffer if deleterious plant invasions into preferred nesting habitats are left unchecked. We examined the extent to which Phragmites affects nesting of a breeding population of diamondback terrapins at Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge on the eastern shore of Virginia, where Phragmites has recently expanded into known areas of terrapin nesting. With data collected from the 2015 nesting season, we quantified the extent to which Phragmites shading could impact nest incubation temperature and determined how Phragmites density impacts the risk of rhizome invasion into nests. We conclude that Phragmites cover greater than 50% would decrease incubation temperatures of terrapin nests sufficiently to produce predominantly male hatchlings. Phragmites cover had no observed effect on root growth into simulated nests, but cover by other dune plant species explained observed trends in root growth. These results suggest that terrapins may be negatively impacted by Phragmites expansion into open nesting sites. Breeding site fidelity exhibited by terrapins and other estuarine species could limit the ability of their populations to adjust to rapid coastal expansion of invasive plant species.
Radioembolization vs. chemoembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine tumor hepatic metastases

159 Objectives To compare efficacy and safety of transcatheter treatment with Y-90 vs. transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable and chemorefractory neuroendocrine tumor (NET) hepatic metastases Methods Patients who underwent radioembolization and TACE for hepatic metastases of unresectable NET metastases were studied. Imaging response was assessed by RECIST criteria. Complications are reported using NCI CTCAE (version3) criteria. Fisher exact test, Kaplan Meier estimator with log rank test and Cox regression method were performed for statistical analysis. Results 16 patients were included, all had bilobar multinodular liver metastases. 7 patients were treated with TACE and 9 with Y-90.Median (95% CI) survival in patients treated with TACE and Y-90 from the first transcatheter therapy were 675 days (318-1031) and 518 days (444-591, p=0.79). The survival rates at 1,2 and 3 years in patients treated with TACE and Y-90 were 71%, 29%, 14% and 89%, 39%, 19%. Progressive disease by RECIST criteria was found in 28.5% (2/7) and 11.1% (1/9) of patients treated with TACE and Y-90 respectively.No procedure related mortality or hepatic failure was reported in patients treated with either modality. CTACE grade 4 clinical toxicity (contrast nepropathy) was reported in one patient treated with TACE and in none of the patients treated with Y-90. No CTCAE grade 3 clinical toxicity was reported in either group. Conclusions Palliative treatment for unresectable hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors with radioembolization is safe and feasible. Efficacy of radioembolization appears similar to TACE.
Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Chylous Disorders

Chylorrhea («chyle leak») occurs when chyle, a milky, triglyceride-rich liquid, extravasates, most commonly into the peritoneal cavity (chylous ascites; chyloperitoneum) or pleural space (chylothorax). Chyle leakage can also result in chyluria (chyle in the urine), chyloptysis (chyle in the sputum), chylopericardium, or cutaneous chyle leakage. This chapter discusses the properties of chyle and consequences of chyle leaks and reviews procedures and dietary and medical management for these disorders.
DyNetML: Interchange Format for Rich Social Network Data

Abstract : The authors define a universal data interchange format to enable the exchange of rich social network data and to improve the compatibility of analysis and visualization tools. DyNetML is an XML-derived language that provides a means to express rich social network data. DyNetML also provides an extensible facility for linking anthropological, process description, and other data with social networks. DyNetML has been implemented and in use by the CASOS group at Carnegie Mellon University as a data interchange format. The authors also have implemented parsing and conversion software for interoperability with other software packages
Angiogenesis in Brain Tumors

Abstract Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex process that involves the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells lining the inner walls of blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a well-orchestrated process that is regulated by different proteins called angiogenic activators and inhibitors. In the central nervous system, angiogenesis is implicated in several conditions such as hypoxia, infarctions, infections, and cancers. Glioblastomas represent the most malignant brain tumors in adults and angiogenesis remains the most essential component for glioma survival, growth, and malignancy. A number of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor are crucial in glioblastoma angiogenesis. With the increasing knowledge about the important angiogenic mediators and signaling pathways, new targets have been identified that are therapeutically exploited in brain tumors. This chapter reviews the biology of angiogenesis, its implications in glioblastoma, and the therapeutic interventions that target angiogenesis in brain cancers.
Dynamics and control of microwave granular imager

Granular media in space can be used in the radar and microwave bands to enable imaging of previously inaccessible regions of targets with high geophysical variations with time, such as comets. The means of imaging, which includes a re-direction of energy, can permit higher resolution imaging as well. Applications include both tomographic and topographic radar imaging. The effect of the granular media cloud geometry plays a significant role in the scattering process. In addition, the spatial randomness effects the beam collimation and can have a positive effect on the imaging qualities in terms of effective aperture, coverage, and resolution of the radar techniques.
TCT-725 Normalization of Testosterone After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Not Associated With Increased Incidence of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a History of Previous Myocardial Infarction

Significant uncertainty exists surrounding adverse outcomes in patients receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We examined the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality in patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels and a prior history of MI. We
Reaction: Exploring the Chemistry Frontier in Water-Borne Vessels

In 2007, John Warner and Jim Babcock founded the Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry and, with Amy Cannon, founded the green chemistry education nonprofit organization Beyond Benign. John is the recipient of the 2004 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science Mentoring and the 2014 Perkin Medal. In addition, John is one of the founders of the field of green chemistry and is co-author of the defining textbook Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. In 2017, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Technische Universitat Berlin announced the naming of the John Warner Center for Green Chemistry Start-Ups in his honor.
Palatini f ( R , L m , R μ ν T μ ν ) gravity and its Born-Infeld semblance

We investigate Palatini $f(\mathcal{R},{\mathcal{L}}_{m},{\mathcal{R}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}{T}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}})$ modified theories of gravity. As such, the metric and affine connection are treated as independent dynamical fields, and the gravitational Lagrangian is made a function of the Ricci scalar $\mathcal{R}$, the matter Lagrangian density ${\mathcal{L}}_{m}$, and a ``matter-curvature scalar'' ${\mathcal{R}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}{T}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$. The field equations and the equations of motion for massive test particles are derived, and we find that the independent connection can be expressed as the Levi-Civita connection of an auxiliary, energy momentum--dependent metric that is related to the physical metric by a matrix transformation. Similar to metric $f(\mathcal{R},T,{\mathcal{R}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}{T}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}})$ gravity, the field equations impose the nonconservation of the energy-momentum tensor, leading to the appearance of an extra force on massive test particles. We obtain the explicit form of the field equations for massive test particles in the case of a perfect fluid and an expression for the extra force. The nontrivial modifications to scalar fields and both linear and nonlinear electrodynamics are also considered. Finally, we detail the conditions under which the present theory is equivalent to the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld theory of gravity.
A novel principal components analysis (PCA) method for energy absorbing structural design enhanced by data mining

Abstract A PCA based structural design methodology is proposed and applied to the vehicle structure crashworthiness design. The aim of this approach is to develop structures with complex geometry to satisfy the energy absorbing design requirements using reduced number of design variables. This method is assisted by data mining technique to discover the implicit interrelationship of these variables and generate corresponding design rules. In this approach, the surface of structure is described by the control points, in the form of non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS). The large control point dataset is compressed using PCA technique, which is able to reduce high-dimensional data by expressing them with a set of linearly uncorrelated orthogonal basis, i.e. Principal Components (PCs), together with corresponding Principal Components Scores (PCSs). By changing the value of the PCSs, the geometry of the part can be modified. Through this process, instead of directly handling a huge number of geometry control points, one can perform the design by adjusting the values of a small number of PCSs, and thus the computational cost is significantly reduced. As a case study, the vehicle frontal side rail (known as an S-shaped beam) is designed using this method. After the design is complete, a data mining process is performed, to explore the implicit interrelationship between design variables (i.e. PCSs), and generate design rules to guide the design procedure. The results suggest that the PCA approach can be used to design a complicated structure with irregular shape effectively and efficiently, and overcome the weakness of conventional design methods, i.e. limited capability of handling high-dimensional design variables and big design datasets. The subsequent data mining process enhances the design procedure by revealing some critical interrelations between parameters and generating design rules for practical applications.
Frontline oncology care team primary palliative symptom guideline education, the oncology care model, and emergency department visits.

143Background: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a novel 5-year quality-based Oncology payment and care delivery program established by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service in 2016. OCM prior...
Geometric response of quantum Hall states to electric fields

Exploiting novel aspects of the quantum geometry of charged particles in a magnetic field via gauge-invariant variables, we provide tangible connections between the response of quantum Hall fluids to nonuniform electric fields and the characteristic geometry of electronic motion in the presence of magnetic and electric fields. The geometric picture we provide motivates the following ansatz: nonuniform electric fields mimic the presence of spatial curvature. Consequently, the gravitational coupling constant also appears in the charge response to nonuniform electric fields.
Dust explosions: Risk assessment

Abstract The prescriptive requirements set forth in safety standards often assume a consequence-driven perspective: a hazard is identified and a safeguard is recommended. This approach is very useful for well-established technologies with long histories of deployment. It is a less useful approach with new technologies that may have little or no history from which to draw lessons learned. Another disadvantage to safety standards is that they do not provide guidance on how to allocate resources or set priorities for funding when one is faced with the need for several capital investments for safety. Risk assessment offers a rational, systematic framework for making safety decisions. In this chapter, we first discuss the many reasons for performing a risk assessment. The concepts of consequence severity and likelihood are explained next. Then, risk assessment methodology is discussed and the risk matrix is introduced as a convenient tool. The topic of risk management concludes the chapter.
Ultimate Reaction Selectivities and Screening-Level Metrics for Conceptual Design

Abstract When designing or improving a chemical process, it is often difficult to know when a proposed design is “good enough”. This is due in part to a lack of knowledge of what is possible. With some benchmark against which to compare, design engineers would be better equipped to determine when a design is sufficiently favorable. This work presents recent updates to the CFSTR Equivalence Principle, developed by Feinberg and Ellison, which for steady-state processes allows us to determine the highest attainable production rate of a desired component in a given chemistry for a specified feed. We show that the problem can be reformulated to obtain target bounds on reaction selectivity and that realistic capacity constraints can be incorporated to obtain useful results. We also demonstrate that the CFSTR Equivalence Principle is applicable to all process, not just those that operate at steady state. Finally, we show that we can incorporate minimum work requirements to obtain screening-level economic metrics. These methodologies are demonstrated on a number of different chemistries.
Chocolate city: A history of race and democracy in the nation’s capital, by Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove

In Chocolate City, Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove explore the intersection of race with the struggle for democracy in Washington, DC, from the 17th-century English invasion of the regio...
On the link between onset clusters and codas in Mbat (Jarawan Bantu)

This paper explores morphologically-conditioned alternations in Mbat (Jarawan Bantu) verb stems. Some inflectional affixation in Mbat results in resyllabification. The singleton coda of a CGVC verb stem will become the onset of a new syllable following the addition of a vowel-initial suffix (e.g., Perfective -am). What is surprising is that this, in turn, triggers onset simplification in the stem itself (i.e., CV.C-am). Adding further complexity to Mbat is that these alternations are limited to verb stems containing mid vowels. Stems with low vowels retain their pre-vocalic glide upon suffixation (i.e., CGV.C-am). These outcomes have implications for at least two contemporary lines of inquiry in phonological theory: i) the prosodification and behavior of pre-vocalic glides, and ii) the formal connection between so-called M2 syllable margin positions (i.e., the second member of a complex onset and the sole member of a singleton coda). I illustrate that Mbat has something to contribute to current perspectives on both these fronts. In addition to the theoretical and typological contributions entailed herein, this paper is also significant in that it is the first formal linguistic study of a Jarawan Bantu language, a cluster of languages spoken primarily in eastern Nigeria.
Autonomous Space Resupply Vehicle Systems Security Design Principle Case Study

This work explores the application of systems security engineering design principles from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800–160, Volume 1 to a complex system of interest. More specifically, we use the case study approach to explore the application of several security design principles to develop a more secure, trustworthy, and resilient architecture for a notional autonomous space vehicle. Of note, this work details a repeatable systems security engineering approach that meets stakeholder-driven systems security requirements through the reasoned application of design principles and explores various design trade-offs. Lastly, this work helps developers to more fully understand the emerging architectural solution space for complex systems and seeks to advance the science of systems security engineering by supporting and justifying architectural, design, verification, and validation security decisions.
Police subcultural influences on the transfer of training

This research assessed subcultural impacts on police motivation to learn and transfer new knowledge to the field by deploying a novel survey instrument, the Police Learning Environment Inventory (P...
Psychological, physical, and sleep comorbidities and functional impairment in irritable bowel syndrome: Results from a national survey of U.S. adults.

Background/aims Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in referral practice commonly report mental disorders and functional impairment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of mental, physical and sleep-related comorbidities in a nationally representative sample of IBS patients and their impact on functional impairment. Methods IBS was defined by modified Rome Criteria based on responses to the chronic conditions section of the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. Associations between IBS and mental, physical and sleep disorders and 30-day functional impairment were examined using logistic regression models. Results Of 5,650 eligible responders, 186 met criteria for IBS {weighted prevalence 2.5% (SE = 0.3)}. Age >60 years was associated with decreased odds (OR = 0.3; 95% CI:.1-.6); low family income (OR = 2.4; 95% CI:1.2-4.9) and unemployed status (OR = 2.3; 95% CI:1.2-4.2) were associated with increased odds of IBS. IBS was significantly associated with anxiety, behavior, mood disorders (ORs 1.8-2.4), but not eating or substance use disorders. Among physical conditions, IBS was associated with increased odds of headache, chronic pain, diabetes mellitus and both insomnia and hypersomnolence related symptoms (ORs 1.9-4.0). While the association between IBS and patients' role impairment persisted after adjusting for mental disorders (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.7), associations with impairment in self-care, cognition, and social interaction in unadjusted models (ORs 2.5-4.2) were no longer significant after adjustment for mental disorders. Conclusion IBS is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, comorbidity with mood, anxiety and sleep disorders, and role impairment. Other aspects of functional impairment appear to be moderated by presence of comorbid mental disorders.
A hydrophobic residue stabilizes dimers of regulatory ACT-like domains in plant basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors.

About a third of the plant basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors harbor a C-terminal aspartate kinase, chorismate mutase, and TyrA (ACT)-like domain, which was originally identified in the maize R regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, where it modulates the ability of the bHLH to dimerize and bind DNA. Characterization of other bHLH ACT-like domains, such as the one in the Arabidopsis R ortholog, GL3, has not definitively confirmed dimerization, raising the question of the overall role of this potential regulatory domain. To learn more, we compared the dimerization of the ACT-like domains of R (RACT) and GL3 (GL3ACT). We show that RACT dimerizes with a dissociation constant around 100 nM, over an order of magnitude stronger than GL3ACT. Structural predictions combined with mutational analyses demonstrated that V568, located in a hydrophobic pocket in RACT, is important: when mutated to the Ser residue present in GL3ACT, dimerization affinity dropped by almost an order of magnitude. The converse S595V mutation in GL3ACT significantly increased the dimerization strength. We cloned and assayed dimerization for all identified maize ACT-like domains and determined that 12 of 42 formed heterodimers in yeast two-hybrid assays, irrespective of whether they harbored V568, which was often replaced by other aliphatic amino acids. Moreover, we determined that the presence of polar residues at that position occurs only in a small subset of anthocyanin regulators. The combined results provide new insights into possibly regulatory mechanisms and suggest that many of the other plant ACT-like domains associate to modulate fundamental cellular processes.
Rib Fracture Mortality: Are there clues in the core?

ABSTRACT Background Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the trauma patient. The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship of psoas cross sectional area with hospital mortality in patients with rib fractures over the age of 55 years. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1223 patients presenting to a Level 1 Trauma Center between 1/1/2002 and 1/31/2019. Psoas cross sectional area was measured using a polygonal tracing tool. Patients were stratified into four quartiles based on sex-specific values. Results There was increased in-hospital mortality for patients with a lower psoas cross sectional area (10 %, 8%, 6%, and 4%, Q1-Q4 respectively; P=0.021). The logistic regression model determined for every increase in psoas cross sectional area by 1 cm2 the odds of in-hospital mortality decreased by 4%. Conclusions In-hospital mortality is multifactorial; however, psoas cross sectional area may provide a clue in predicting adverse outcomes after traumatic rib fractures.
5 "A Monroe Doctrine for Radio": The Development of U.S. Radio Policy in Latin America, 1912–1919

In the 1910s, policymakers pursuing the twin goals of network control—the ability to communicate and to deny the same to America's opponents— looked beyond American colonial holdings for the first time. They sought control over the radio circuits connecting the United States and Latin America, a region where private corporations and foreign governments held the property rights. Foremost among the foreign powers was Britain, whose lingering influence in its erstwhile informal empire dwarfed its formal property rights. As British Marconi sought to link the region to the United States, naval policymakers identified American control over radio communication in the Western Hemisphere—the "Monroe Doctrine for radio"—as the central foreign policy objective. 1
Materiality and the Efficient Capital Market Model: A Recipe for the Total Mix

During the past thirty years, prodigious empirical and theoretical research and commentary has provided an economic perspective on the operation of capital markets. The literature has focused on the efficient capital market model, which posits that security prices fully reflect all available, relevant information. A corollary of this thesis posits that security prices react promptly and in an unbiased manner to any new information. Although researchers have debated the parameters of the efficient market model, they agree that the model accurately represents the market's actual operation. Not surprisingly, the operation of capital markets also has been a central concern in securities litigation. In many cases, the determinative issues involve the importance of particular information to the investor and the processing of such information by the market. These issues often are decided under a legal standard of "materiality." Materiality may be important in several types of rule 10b-5 litigation, tender offer cases, and proxy litigation, among other areas. The legal standard of materiality, however, has developed largely without reference to the findings of the efficient capital market researchers. This Article will compare legal notions of materiality with the treatment of materiality in efficient capital market theory. The Article presents an overview of the current state of research on the efficient capital market model, a discussion of the legal tests of materiality, and a comparison of the legal standard and the economic model in different contexts. This Article's premise is that recognition and use of the economic model will lead to more accurate, predictable determinations of materiality in the context of securities litigation. Courts that consider the results of efficient capital market research in analyzing the materiality issue will have a better understanding of when information becomes public, how the market processes information as an aggregate, and how different estimates of the significance. of new information quickly combine to create an unbiased equilibrium market price.
GALS Clocking and Shared Interconnect for Large Scale SFQ Systems

A globally asynchronous, locally synchronous clocking scheme for large scale single flux quantum systems is described in this chapter. In this scheme, the width of each data bus is extended to carry the corresponding clock signal. This signal activates the distribution of the clock signals within the receiving block. Based on this approach for intra-chip interconnect within SFQ systems, a configurable shared bus is also proposed. The data are attached to a tag, and a resulting data packet is sent to the shared bus. This packet is received by each block, but only processed if the tag matches the block identifier. By avoiding expensive comparators and multiplexers, the overhead of the global bus connection is reduced. The proposed approaches exploit the pulse-based nature and ambiguity of clock and data in SFQ technology—the data packet propagating through the interconnect carries a local clock signal.
Wrinkling of ultrathin polymer films

This paper presents a bilayer model to account for surface effects on the wrinkling of ultrathin polymer films. Assuming a surface layer of finite thickness, effects of surface properties on the critical strain, the equilibrium wavelength, and the wrinkle amplitude are discussed in comparison with conventional analysis. Experimental measurements of wrinkling in polymer films with thickness ranging from 200 nm to 5 nm are conducted. The bilayer model provides a consistent understanding of the experiments that deviate from conventional analysis for thickness less than 30 nm. A set of empirical surface properties is deduced from the experimental data.
Hydroelectric Power Plant Trashrack Design

Trashracks subjected to high velocity flow should be designed to avoid operating under resonant conditions. This requires that design consideration be given to the natural frequency of the trashrack bars and the forcing frequency due to the velocity of the fluid through the trashrack. The natural frequency of a trashrack bar is primarily dependent upon the material, cross sectional configuration, unrestrained length and the end fixity. The forcing frequency, due to flow considerations, is primarily dependent upon the velocity of the fluid and the cross sectional configuration of the bar. The fundamental consideration is to design a trashrack with the natural frequency of the bars sufficiently higher than the forcing frequency to prevent a resonant condition from developing.
Housing decisions and the U.S. income tax: An econometric analysis

Abstract This paper examines the effects of the current income tax treatment of owner-occupied housing on the quantity of housing consumed and on the tenure choice by various groups. Cross-sectional data for 1970 are used to estimate jointly tenure choice and housing demand equations. The equations' parameters are used to assess the efficiency and equity implications of the relevant tax law provisions.