cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anxiety symptoms across the lifespan in people diagnosed with Autistic Disorder

Abstract Symptoms of psychiatric disorders have been found to co-occur at high rates in those diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD). However, to date, no study has yet examined the developmental trajectory of comorbid psychiatric symptoms across the lifespan within the AD population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional investigation of symptoms of anxiety across the lifespan, using a sample of individuals diagnosed with AD. This study utilizes a sample with an age range from infancy to adulthood. Endorsement rates of overlapping anxiety symptoms from measures that have been found reliable and valid for the specific purpose of examining psychiatric symptoms within the AD population are utilized for this study. Results indicate that there is a significant difference between different age cohorts on symptom endorsements of anxiety. Additionally, a cubic trend was found when examining the pattern of anxiety symptoms across the lifespan in those diagnosed with AD. That is, anxiety rises from toddlerhood to childhood, decreases from childhood to young adulthood, but again increases from young adulthood into older adulthood. Implications of these findings, limitations of this study, and future directions for research are discussed.
Follow-up study of pulmonary artery configuration in hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Objective. Pulmonary artery (PA) distortion significantly compromises the outcome of the staged approach to the Fontan operation in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). This retrospective study was designed to investigate the influence of the initial operation on postoperative PA anatomy.
Amplification of bedrock canyon incision by wind

Water is considered the primary agent that erodes and shapes bedrock canyons. Analyses of canyon morphology in the central Andes suggest that abrasion by wind can amplify canyon incision and reshape canyons on Earth—and possibly on Mars.
Effects of memory impairment on discourse

Abstract The effects of memory impairment on discourse production is explored in an individual with global amnesia and four age-matched control subjects. Language production is examined in three categories of discourse, procedural, narrative and conversation, at both macro- and microlinguistic levels of analysis. That is, the influence of working memory and long-term memory on productivity, pragmatics, coherence and cohesion for each discourse genre is investigated. Also explored is the possible contribution of memory to the occurrence of mazing (false starts and revisions) and to subjects' use of disjunctive constituents. While impaired memory is implicated in certain aspects of atypical discourse production, many atypical behaviors remain unexplained by a compromised memory system.
Effects of a fat and ground maize supplement on feed intake and digestion by cattle consuming bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon)

Five beef cows (450 kg) and five Holstein steers (254 kg) were used in two Latin square experiments to determine the effects on intake and digestion of supplementing bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay with maize and fat, singly and in combination, and to compare fat poured on hay with fat mixed with maize. The cows received hay at 1.0% of their body weight (BW) per day alone (control) or with ground maize (0.49% BW) and/or fat (0.054% BW, beef tallow). Treatments were control (C), maize alone (MZ), fat poured on hay alone (PF), maize plus poured fat (MZ-PF) and maize mixed with fat (MZ-MF). Calcium carbonate (0.011% BW) was given to all supplemented animals. Mean ruminal fluid protozoal counts were higher with than without supplements (P < 0.05), for MZ than for PF, and for simultaneous vs. singular offering of maize and fat (P < 0.05). Flows of microbial organic matter and nitrogen at the duodenum were higher with than without supplements, for MZ than for PF, and for MZ-MF than for MZ-PF. Digestion of neutral detergent fiber in the whole tract declined with supplementation, but differences among supplement treatments were not significant. In the second study, steers received hay ad libitum and higher levels of supplements (maize 0.89, fat 0.099 and calcium carbonate 0.021% BW day−1). Total dry matter intake was C 5.86, MZ 7.86, PF 6.83, MZ-PF 7.90 and MZ-MF 7.75 kg day−1, being affected by supplementation and higher for MZ than PF (P < 0.05). Total tract neutral detergent fiber digestion was C 72.0, MZ 67.0, PF 69.2, MZ-PF 65.1, and MZ-MF 61.0%, and was depressed by supplementation and lower for simultaneous vs. singular supplementation with maize and fat (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there were no advantages in intake or digestion to adding fat to supplemental maize either separately or mixed as compared with supplementation with maize alone.
Effect of Pulse Duration on Wound Healing Using a CO2 Laser

The authors investigated wound healing of incisions in the buccal mucosa of a canine model created using a CO2 laser with a short pulse structure (60 micros, 100 micros, and 120 micros) rather than a conventional continuous wave structure in a shuttered mode. The tissue from 10 animals was evaluated histologically and with tensiometry acutely and at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. A Bonferroni-Dunn corrected ANOVA analysis at a 95% significance level was used to compare the effect of pulse duration on histologic morphology and wound tensile strength. The data indicate that shorter laser pulse durations create less lateral thermal injury (P < .009) and wounds with greater tensile strength (P < .005), resulting in earlier wound healing. The results also show that heat, sufficient to damage tissue, was conducted to adjacent tissue during laser pulses of 100 micros and longer. These results demonstrate that surgical CO2 lasers with a short pulse structure of approximately 60 micros or less could offer more prompt wound healing while maintaining the advantages of a 10.6-microm wavelength laser.
Wide Solitons in an Ion-Beam-Plasma System.

Solitons are experimentally found in a double plasma device when an ion beam is present with beam velocity ${v}_{b}$ in the range $1\ensuremath{\le}{v}_{b}{/c}_{s}\ensuremath{\le}2.2$, where ${c}_{s}$ is the ion acoustic velocity. These one dimensional solitons have an unusually large width (parallel to the direction of propagation) $W\ensuremath{\approx}14{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}(\ensuremath{\delta}n/n{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}$ is the Debye length and $\ensuremath{\delta}n/n$ is the maximum normalized density fluctuation. The amplitude, width, and velocity characteristics of the solitons are found to be in good agreement with the soliton solution to the Korteweg--de Vries equation in an ion-beam--plasma system.
Albertus, "Magnus" or Magus? Magic, natural philosophy, and religious reform in the late middle ages.

This article analyzes the fifteenth-century attempt by the Dominican order, especially in Cologne, to win canonization for the thirteenth-century natural philosopher Albert the Great. It shows how Albert's thought on natural philosophy and magic was understood and variously applied, how the Dominicans at Cologne composed his vitae, and how the order's Observant movement participated in these developments. It situates the canonization attempt at the intersection of two significant trends in which the order was a leading participant: first, the late medieval efforts to reform Christian society beginning with the religious life of monks and mendicants; second, the increasing concerns about the practice of learned and demonic magic that laid groundwork for the witch-hunting of the early modern period. The article aims to shed light on intersections of science and religion — their apprehension and negotiation — at a decisive moment in European history for both fields of human endeavor.
2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by inhibiting Cdc25 and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a physiological metabolite of estrogen, which can inhibit growth of many types of tumor cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vitro and in vivo. The exact mechanisms of its action are still unclear. We have studied the mechanisms of growth inhibition of several of human and rat hepatoma and normal liver cells by 2-ME. Human (Hep3B, HepG2, PLC/PRF5) and rat (McA-RH7777, JM-1) hepatoma and normal rat (CRL-1439) and human (CRL-11233) liver cell lines were cultured in vitro, in presence of 2-ME, and its IC50s were determined. Cell cycle arrest, Cdc25 phosphatase inhibition and apoptosis induction were studied. Finally, the effect of 2-ME on the growth of JM-1 rat hepatoma cells in rat liver was determined in vivo. The IC50 range for growth inhibition of hepatoma cells was found to be between 0.5 and 3 μM. In contrast, normal rat hepatocytes and liver cell lines were resistant to 2-ME up to 20 μM. JM-1 cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25A and Cdc25B, cell cycle controlling phosphatases, activities were inhibited in vitro and 2-ME was found to likely bind to their catalytic site cysteines. As a consequence, their cellular substrates Cdk1 and Cdk2 were tyrosine phosphorylated. Caspase-3 was cleaved suggesting apoptotic cell death. Moreover, growth of JM-1 tumors, which were transplanted into rat liver, was also inhibited by treatment with 2-ME in vivo. 2-Methoxyestradiol is a selective, potent and relatively non-toxic hepatoma growth inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle arrest of hepatoma cells was likely mediated by binding and inactivation of the Cdc25 phosphatases and induction of apoptosis.
A Feasible Direction Method Based on Zoutendijk's Procedure P1

(1978). A Feasible Direction Method Based on Zoutendijk's Procedure P1. Engineering Optimization: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 109-112.
Habitat, annual, and seasonal effects on positional behavior in red colobus monkeys

Positional behavior in adult red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius) was examined in a variety of ecological contexts. Using a focal-animal methodology, we assessed how data collected by different observers, in different years, in different seasons, and in different forests affected estimates of positional behavior. In all, 23,000 bouts were recorded. Variation in frequency is greatest in the common behaviors, especially arboreal quadrupedalism. Significant behavioral differences occur more often in the context of different forests than in annual or seasonal comparisons. The activity of feeding exhibits the largest frequency changes across positional behavior and ecological context. In all, red colobus monkeys exhibit substantial amounts of flexibility in positional behavior across different ecological contexts.
Suppressing Flash EEPROM Erase Leakage With Negative Gate Bias And LDD Erase Junction

With increasing memory density of Flash EEPROM, the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) due to band-to-band tunneling during erase can become an important concern since millions of transistors are erased at the same time. In the common scheme of the double-diffused junction and source erase, an additional negative-gate bias can reduce the needed junction voltage for erase but does not reduce GIDL. Channel erase can eliminate GIDL entirely, however the required high negative voltage adds to circuit/process complexity. In this paper we show that the combination of LDD source and negative-gate erase can reduce GIDL by orders of magnitude using lower negative-gate voltage than that of the channel erase.
On optimality of a polynomial algorithm for random linear multidimensional assignment problem

We demonstrate that the linear multidimensional assignment problem with iid random costs is polynomially \({\varepsilon}\) -approximable almost surely (a.s.) via a simple greedy heuristic, for a broad range of probability distributions of the assignment costs. Specifically, conditions on discrete and continuous distributions of the cost coefficients, including distributions with unbounded support, have been established that guarantee convergence to unity in the a.s. sense of the cost ratio between the greedy solution and optimal solution. The corresponding convergence rates have been determined.
Invited Review: The Medical Management of Obesity and the Role of Pharmacotherapy: An Update

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has been increasing since the 1980s and has become a public health concern. The etiology of obesity is complex and includes a host of genetic influences in addition to overconsumption of energy and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is strongly associated with several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and thus accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. The previous failures of short-term therapy for obesity have led experts to recognize that obesity is a chronic disease that should be treated with long-term programs to ensure the best chance for maintenance of weight loss. In addition, clinical studies have demonstrated that a modest weight loss of 5% to 10% can produce significant decreases in comorbidities. This articles summarizes the current medical approach to the treatment of obesity and includes strategies for diet modification, exercise therapy, and lifestyle change. The rationale and appropriateness of pharmacotherapy are discussed, followed by case histories that highlight the management of obesity and its comorbidities by using diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapeutic modalities.
Molecular First Hyperpolarizability Data for Lanthanate Complexes Containing the Hemicyanine Chromophore

The molecular nonlinear optical polarizability, or first hyperpolarizability β, of four lanthanate complexes containing the hemicyanine 1-hexadecyl-4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}pyridinium chromophore has been determined with high precision. The experimental measurement of the phase shift and the demodulation between immediate hyper-Rayleigh scattering and time-delayed multiphoton fluorescence as a function of modulation frequency allows for the simultaneous data analysis of phase and demodulation toward precise values for fluorescence-free hyperpolarizability, multiphoton fluorescence contribution, and fluorescence lifetime. One order of magnitude improvement in precision is obtained with respect to the earlier analysis of demodulation data only. This level of precision has been used to show the relative impact of f-orbital filling and ligands on the molecular second-order nonlinear optical response of lanthanate complexes containing a hemicyanine chromophore. Implications for the earlier conclus...
Recreational runners' beliefs and practices concerning water intake*

Water is the nutrient most critical to athletic performance. Water maintains blood volume, which is necessary for cardiovascular function and for regulating body temperature. Water is lost each day in sweat, urine, feces, moist air exhaled from the lungs, and diffusion through the skin. If water is not replaced, exercise performance is adversely affected.!,2 One mL of water per kilocalorie of energy expenditure can be recommended as the water requirement for adults under average conditions; however, because there is seldom a risk of water intoxication the water requirement is often increased to 1.5 mL/kilocalorie to cover variations in activity level, sweating, and renal solute load.3 With an average energy expenditure of 1800 kilocalories, the daily water requirement would be 8-11 cups, The median daily intake of water among respondents in the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey was 2.8 cups.s The rate at which the stomach can empty water and other fluids is limited by the volume, temperature, composition, and concentration of the fluid. The limit of gastric emptying during exercise appears to be about 26 ounces per hour,! Fluids should be 40-50° F, because cold fluids help cool body temperature and leave the stomach more rapidly. 2 Consumption of heavily sugared drinks, such as sugarsweetened soft drinks and fruit juices, just prior to exercise has been shown to raise plasma insulin levels. This causes a significant decrease in blood glucose and a subsequent decline in performance. In contrast, beverages with a low concentration of carbohydrate and electrolytes, such as sport drinks or diluted fruit juice, appear to enhance performance in ehdurance activities. After exercise, a sweet tasting beverage may stimulate thirst and thereby stimulate additional drinking. 2
The Effect of Physician Continuity on Diabetic Outcomes in a Resident Continuity Clinic

Conflicting data exists regarding the effect of continuity on diabetes care. Resident physicians frequently treat patients with diabetes in their continuity clinics; however, maintaining continuity in a resident clinic can be very challenging. To determine if resident continuity is associated with improvement in diabetic outcomes (HgA1c, LDL, blood pressure) in a resident clinic. Retrospective analysis of data obtained from a medical record review of diabetic patients seen in a resident physician clinic. We measured continuity, using the Usual Provider of Continuity Index (UPC) for residents and faculty preceptors. We measured changes in HgA1c, LDL, and blood pressure over a 3-year period. Using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we assessed the relationship between UPC and change in these diabetic outcomes. The resident UPC was 0.43, and the faculty preceptor UPC was 0.76. The overall change in HgA1c was -0.3. There was a statistically significant relationship between improvement in HgA1c and resident UPC (p = 0.02), but not faculty preceptor UPC. There was no association between resident or faculty preceptor continuity and change in LDL or blood pressure. This study showed a link between resident continuity and improvement in glycemic control in diabetic patients. Resident physicians have a greater opportunity to develop a personal relationship with their patients. This interpersonal continuity may be of benefit in patients with illnesses that requires a significant amount of self-management behaviors. Medical training programs should focus efforts on improving continuity in resident primary care clinics.
Kappa opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity is present in substance P-containing subcortical afferents in guinea pig dentate gyrus.

We have previously shown that kappa opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity (KT-LI) is present in axons and terminals in the granule cell layer and inner molecular layer of the guinea pig dentate gyrus. The distribution and ultrastructural appearance of processes with KT-LI were similar to those of the substance P (SP)-containing afferents which arise from the supramammillary region of the hypothalamus (SUM) and enter the hippocampal formation through the fimbria-fornix. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the terminals with KT-LI are likely to be SUM afferents. To accomplish this we 1) compared the intensity of KT- and SP-immunolabeling in the dentate gyrus ipsilateral and contralateral to a unilateral fornix transection and 2) used dual-labeling electron microscopy to determine whether terminals with KT-LI colocalize SP-LI in the dentate gyrus. Light microscopic examination of the dentate gyrus demonstrated that KT-LI and SP-LI were in thin processes with overlapping distributions in strata granulosum and moleculare. Following fornix transection, both KT-LI and SP-LI were dramatically reduced in these regions of the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the transection, consistent with an SUM origin. By electron microscopy, most (71%) terminals with KT-LI also contained detectable SP-LI in single-section analysis. Many dual-labeled terminals formed thick asymmetric synaptic contacts with large dendritic shafts (2–5 μm) or granule cell perikarya, and a smaller proportion contacted dendritic spines; these characteristics resembled those of identified SUM afferents in other species. The demonstrations that 1) KT-LI colocalizes with SP-LI in a morphologically distinctive population of axon terminals and 2) most of the processes with KT-LI enter through the fimbria-fornix suggest that kappa opioid receptors are present in the SUM projection to the dentate gyrus. Hippocampus 7:36–47, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Responses of the medicinal leech to water waves

1. Sensitivity of leeches,Hirudo medicinalis, to low-amplitude water movements has been previously suspected on the basis of casual observations and qualitative experiments. We report here the results of quantitative experiments designed to test the capability of medicinal leechesHirudo medicinalis to detect and respond to the stimulation provided by water waves. 2. Selected unfed leeches responded to low-amplitude surface waves (about 1 mm high) by initiating swimming activity in 86% of all tests in one set of experiments and in 95% of all tests in another. Swimming responses occurred less frequently in fed leeches (60% of all tests). 3. The orientation of locomotory responses (either crawling or swimming) to wave stimulation was non-random. In most instances the evoked locomotory movements were directed into the waves, towards the stimulus source. 4. We conclude that surface water waves are an adequate stimulus to direct leech movements towards their animal prey.
In complex fluids the Gaussian Diffusion Approximation is generally invalid

The Gaussian Diffusion Approximation proposes that the distribution of displacements Δx for a particle diffusing through a complex fluid has a Gaussian dependence on Δx. We demonstrate from experimental evidence and computer simulations that this approximation is generally incorrect in complex fluids. As a result, experimental studies that have used the Gaussian Diffusion Approximation to interpret their findings will need to be reconsidered.
Boundary element analysis of reinforced soil systems using geotextiles

Abstract Among the problems that highway constructors have to consider are the rutting of temporary roads and crack propagations in the subsoil when concrete blocks are used as a roadbase. Geotextiles have been used to overcome these difficulties, but relatively little theoretical work has been undertaken towards understanding of the mechanisms by which the geotextile supports the pavement. In this paper, a numerical model to analyse the interaction of soil-geotextile systems is presented. The method used a coupled formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) and a set of discrete spring elements. A two dimensional BEM incorporating the subregioning technique was used to represent the layered soils. The geotextile was represented by a set of fabric and interface elements. The fabric element models the reinforcing tensile strength of the geotextile and the interface elements, represented by a set of orthogonal springs, model the bonding and the shear between the membrane and the adjacent layers. To model the deformed shape of the system, an incremental loading procedure was used to take account of the geometric non-linearity of the problem.
Derivation, implementation, and initial testing of a compressible wall‐layer model

Traditional wall functions have been used successfully for decades to decrease the computational cost for obtaining solutions to incompressible flows with equilibrium turbulence. However, these traditional, analytic wall functions are poorly suited for more complex flows. The present work describes an alternative approach named the ‘diffusion model’. The diffusion model is a subgrid model developed by Blottner and Bond that solves a system of ODEs in the near-wall region instead of assuming an analytic profile. The diffusion model has previously been shown to reproduce profiles of various turbulence models through the log layer with fixed outer boundary conditions. This paper documents the implementation and the testing of the diffusion model fully coupled with a 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) algorithm, using the Spalart–Allmaras model. The results indicate that the coupled algorithm is valid when the interface between diffusion model and the 3-D RANS algorithm is below the outer edge of the log layer. Although the current work focuses on using steady 3-D RANS outside of the log layer, modeling assumptions introduced in the current work could be used to derive a diffusion model for coupling with a large eddy simulation region. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Potential by Integrated Geospatial Analysis of Land Use and Land Quality

Development of viable bioenergy economies will require large increases in biomass feedstock production. Improved methods are needed to quantify production potential based on land availability, land suitability, biomass yield, and cost. We developed such a method and applied it throughout New York State. While maintaining existing forest and agricultural production, we quantified additional sustainable biomass production potential using geospatial and yield modeling that integrates remotely sensed and survey data for land cover, soil type, climate patterns, and crop yields and then applied multiple sustainability constraints. Nearly 680,000 ha with varying quality was found to be available and suitable for new biomass production. Predicted yields ranged from 7.8 to 18.3 Mg/ha for short-rotation willow and 6.9–16.3 Mg/ha for perennial grasses for a total production potential of 8.2 Tg/year. Increased forest harvest could produce an additional 4.3 Tg/year of hardwood and 1.6 Tg/year of softwood. In total, an additional 14.2 Tg/year of biomass for bioenergy could be produced while maintaining existing agricultural and forest production. This new biomass, before processing, would contain energy equivalent to 7.4 % of 2012 New York energy use (3.4 % if converted to ethanol).
Temporal signal processing of dolphin biosonar echoes from salmon prey

Killer whales project short broadband biosonar clicks. The broadband nature of the clicks provides good temporal resolution of echo highlights and allows for the discriminations of salmon prey. The echoes contain many highlights as the signals reflect off different surfaces and parts of the fish body and swim bladder. The temporal characteristics of echoes from salmon are highly aspect dependent and six temporal parameters were used in a support vector machine to discriminate between species. Results suggest that killer whales can classify salmon based on their echoes and provide some insight as to which features might enable the classification.
Disappearance of quantum chaos in coupled chaotic quantum dots

Abstract Statistical properties of the single electron levels confined in the semiconductor (InAs/GaAs, Si/SiO 2 ) double quantum dots (DQDs) are considered. We demonstrate that in the electronically coupled chaotic quantum dots the chaos with its level repulsion disappears and the nearest neighbor level statistics becomes Poissonian. This result is discussed in the light of the recently predicted “huge conductance peak” by R.S. Whitney et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009) 186802] in the mirror symmetric DQDs.
Study of the solution properties of linear and grafted polyurethanes

A high molecular weight linear polyurethane was prepared by condensation of tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate with ethylene glycol. Variable amounts of reactive side-groups, such as the acrylyl and the ethylacrylate groups were introduced and the partially substituted N-acrylyl and N-ethyl acrylate polyurethanes were copolymerized in solution with methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and styrene, using benzoyl peroxide as free-radical initiator. The copolymers obtained had variable amounts of branches grafted onto the linear polyurethane backbone chain. These were isolated from the copolymer-homopolymer mixtures by fractional precipitation. After fractionation the initial polyurethane was characterized by viscosity and light scattering. The configuration of the copolymers poly(urethane-g-methyl methacrylate) was found to depend on the number and molecular weight of the branches, the influence of the latter being particularly striking.
Spectroscopie infrarouge et structure moléculaire

Meme pour les molecules qui n'ont pas de moment electrique permanent, le spectre infrarouge presentera des bandes de rotation si leurs vibrations induisent un moment electrique. Dans le cas des molecules a symetrie axiale, les moments peuvent etre suivant l'axe, et donner naissance aux bandes dites « paralleles », ou perpendiculaires a cet axe, et donner les bandes « perpendiculaires ». Si ces bandes sont assez completement resolues, leur etude permet de calculer les moments d'inertie principaux, et, par suite, fournit beaucoup de renseignements sur la forme et les dimensions des molecules.
Cardiac effects of 1-α-acetylmethadol I. Chronotropic effects in vitro

Abstract The drug 1-α-acetylmethadol (LAAM) is a long-acting, orally effective narcotic agonist. It has been proposed as a replacement for methadone in the medical treatment of persons addicted to narcotic analgesics. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether or not LAAM possesses chronotropic properties. The results reported here indicate that high concentrations of the major metabolites of the drug (1-α-acetylnormethadol, 1-α-acetyldinormethadol) as well as high concentrations of the parent compound produce significant negative chronotropic effects on isolated right atria of guinea pigs. These effects could not be blocked by the prior administration of naloxone, a narcotic antagonist. LAAM also decreases the positive chronotropic efficacy of norepinephrine.
Metamaterial claddings for waveguide miniaturization

Summary form only given. The study of waveguides loaded with metamaterials has become quite popular in recent years (R. Marques et al., PRL, 89-18, 183901, 2002, S. Hrabar et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 1, pp.110-119, 2005). It was pointed out that a rectangular waveguide below cut-off behaves as a 1-dimensional electric plasma for TE modes (R. Marques et al., PRL, 89-18, 183901, 2002). Likewise it behaves as magnetic plasma for TM modes (J. Esteban et al., IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 53, no. 4, 2005). Since the rectangular waveguide naturally provides negative permittivity below cut-off, when combined with negative permeability materials, such loaded waveguide mimics the double negative materials in the frequency range where the negative permeability and permittivity overlaps. Backward waves in such waveguide were also experimentally verified. It is also of interest to investigate what happens when the waveguide is loaded with negative permittivity medium. It turns out that negative permittivity medium provides a pass band below cut-off inside the negative permittivity region (Y. Dong and T. Itoh, IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2012). The waves in such waveguide are forward waves unlike the former.
Light is an effective warning signal in avoidance learning

A series of experiments (Jacobs & LoLordo, 1977, 1980) demonstrated that light onset is an ineffective conditioned aversive stimulus in Sidman avoidance. Jacobs & LoLordo concluded that light is therefore a poor warning signal in avoidance learning. In the present study, rats were given shuttle avoidance training with either a noise or a light warning signal. Acquisition of the avoidance response was comparable in all groups. This suggests that light and noise stimuli are equally effective warning signals. The implications of these results for models of avoidance learning are discussed.
Studies of the reproductive physiology of Cimicidae (Hemiptera)—I. Fecundation and egg maturation

Abstract Observations were made under controlled conditions to determine the time required for the spermatozoa to reach various points in their migration. Special organs at the base of the ovarioles serve to hold the sperm until eggs are ready for fertilization. In virgin and mated females egg maturation is similar up to an early stage of yolk deposition, at which time eggs of the virgin females are resorbed. Ligation and implantation experiments indicate that the corpus allatum is essential for egg maturation. Its secretion does not become effective until at least 10 hr after feeding and is required for egg maturation to continue. Virgin females may be induced to produce eggs by corpora allata implants. Implants from males and virgin females as well as mated females are effective. External application of farnesol has an effect on egg maturation similar to corpus allatum implantation.
The Effect of Allograft Rejection After Penetrating Keratoplasty on Central Endothelial Cell Density

We identified all patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus and were being observed longitudinally (N = 174). During the follow-up period, 57 of 174 patients (33%) showed evidence of an allograft rejection episode, which occurred at an average of eight months after the operation. We analyzed specular photographs of the corneal endothelium, taken before and after the first allograft rejection episode. A significant decrease in endothelial cell density was observed (11.8%, P
The influence of localized stresses and strains on the iodine scc behavior of Zircaloy-2 tubing

Abstract The segmented expanding mandrel test is modified to provide additional information on the localized stresses and strains during ramp-hold tests. A chamfered specimen is designed with four flats on the outer diameter for the purpose of creating sectors of variable wall thickness which establishes a more nearly plane strain state in the thinnest-gauge sections. Ramp-hold tests conducted in 40 MPa of iodine at 325°C show that at a measured diametral strain of 0.8%, chamfered specimens fail while regular tubing specimens require diametral strains of 2% or greater for failure. Calculations made with a two-dimensional, finite elements code show that at a measured diametral strain of 0.8%, the local strains in the clad ID over the segment interfaces are nearly identical for the regular and chamfered samples while the local stress in the chamfered sample is 15% greater. Results suggest that the smaller diametral failure strain of the chamfered specimen at low measured diametral strains is mainly due to its near plane strain condition and the higher hoop stresses resulting therefrom.
Survival and Quality of Life Following Cytoreductive Surgery Plus Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colonic Origin

Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin (PCC) is a life-threatening diagnosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers patients the prospect of long-term survival with alleviation of symptoms.
Family-Oriented Interventions for the Prevention of Chemical Dependency in Children and Adolescents.

Abstract Researchers and clinicians are begining to recognize the valuable resource that parents and families are for increasing the effectiveness of substance abuse prevention programs for youth and adolescents. To date, however, most prevention interventions have been developed for use in community or school-based programs. There is a growing number of family-oriented interventions which have been developed specifically as substance abuse prevention programs, or may be easily adapted for use by prevention specialists. This article will review these family-oriented interventions and discuss outcome effectiveness data when available.
The Effect of Immigration Laws on Marital Matching in the United States

This paper empirically examines marital matching using data on immigrants from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) 1996 Pilot project and NIS 2003. Changes in U.S. immigration law over the period 1994–1997 provided a window of opportunity for undocumented immigrants to change their immigration status without leaving the country. Although prior research indicates that these changes were followed by an increase in marriage returns and had a positive effect on marriage rates, their impact on marital matching is not clear. In this paper, we use data gathered during (NIS-1996) and after the change in immigration laws (NIS 2003) to examine if “marriages of convenience” reflect different matching patterns compared to marriages that took place without the urgency of obtaining legal status within the U.S. Int Adv Econ Res (2009) 15:367 DOI 10.1007/s11294-009-9215-x
Excimer–monomer switch: a reaction-based approach for selective detection of fluoride

A N-aryl-1,8-naphthalimide based sensor (ES-1) bearing a trimethylsilyl ether has been synthesized by a two-step reaction for quantitative detection of fluoride (F−). ES-1 exhibited monomer/excimer emissions at 410 and 524 nm respectively in CH2Cl2. In the presence of F−, the desilylation of trimethylsilyl ether caused decay of the excimer emission as well as enhancement of the monomer emission to give a ratiometric signal. The fluoride-triggered desilylation showed a high reaction rate and high affinity to F− over nine other interfering anions. ES-1 provided a novel fluorescence assay based on excimer–monomer switch of N-aryl-1,8-naphthalimide to quantitatively measure F− with a detection limit of 0.133 ppm.
Alpha-naphthyl acid phosphatase activity in normal human skin and keloids.

The activity of α-naphthyl acid phosphatase was measured fluorometrically in μg samples of normal human skin and its appendages and in keloids. The preponderant distribution of this enzyme was in the keratogenous zones of the epidermis and hair follicles and in the disintegrating central portion of sebaceous glands. Enzyme activity was higher in the papillary than in the reticular layer of the dermis. Acid phosphatase activity in both the epidermis and dermis was higher in keloids than in normal skin: keloid nodules in the reticular layer exhibited a ten fold increase.
Inflammation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pulmonary inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This inflammatory process, induced by multiple risk factors, is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells, cytokines and an arsenal of additional humoral mediators in the airways and pulmonary tissue of preterm infants with the condition. Several mediators have a direct detrimental effect on pulmonary structures by affecting cell integrity and inducing apoptosis. An imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors can generally be considered to be a hallmark of lung injury. Intrauterine exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or antenatal infection may prime the fetal lung such that minimally injurious postnatal events provoke an excessive pulmonary inflammatory response that most certainly affects normal alveolization and pulmonary vascular development in preterm infants with BPD.
Changes in lake levels, salinity and the biological community of Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA), 1847–1987

Great Salt Lake is the fourth largest terminal lake in the world, with an area of about 6000 square kilometers at its historic high elevation. Since its historic low elevation of 1277.52 meters in 1963, the lake has risen to a new historic high elevation of 1283.77 meters in 1986–87, a net increase of about 6.25 meters. About 60 percent of this increase, 3.72 meters, has occurred since 1982 in response to greater than average precipitation and less than average evaporation.
Pulmonary Structural and Extracellular Matrix Alterations in Fischer 344 Rats Following Subchronic Phosgene Exposure

Phosgene, an acylating agent, is a very potent inducer of pulmonary edema. Subchronic effects of phosgene in laboratory animals are not well characterized. The purpose of the study was to elucidate potential long-term effects on collagen and elastin metabolism during pulmonary injury/recovery and obtain information about the concentration x time (C x T) behavior of low levels of phosgene. Male Fischer 344 rats (60 days old) were exposed either to clean air or phosgene, 6 hr/day: 0.1 ppm (5 days/week), 0.2 ppm (5 days/week), 0.5 ppm (2 days/week), and 1.0 ppm (1 day/week), for 4 or 12 weeks. A group of rats was allowed clean air recovery for 4 weeks after 12 weeks of phosgene exposure. This exposure scenario was designed to provide equal C x T product for all concentrations at one particular time point except for 0.1 ppm (50% C x T). Phosgene exposure for 4 or 12 weeks increased lung to body weight ratio and lung displacement volume in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase in lung displacement volume was significant even at 0.1 ppm phosgene at 4 weeks. Light microscopic level histopathology examination of lung was conducted at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 1.0 ppm phosgene following 4 and 12 and 16 weeks (recovery). Small but clearly apparent terminal bronchiolar thickening and inflammation were evident with 0.1 ppm phosgene at both 4 and 12 weeks. At 0.2 ppm phosgene, terminal bronchiolar thickening and inflammation appeared to be more prominent when compared to the 0.1 ppm group and changes in alveolar parenchyma were minimal. At 1.0 ppm, extensive inflammation and thickening of terminal bronchioles as well as alveolar walls were evident. Concentration rather than C x T seems to drive pathology response. Trichrome staining for collagen at the terminal bronchiolar sites indicated a slight increase at 4 weeks and marked increase at 12 weeks in both 0.2 and 1.0 ppm groups (0.5 ppm was not examined), 1.0 ppm being more intense. Whole-lung prolyl hydroxylase activity and hydroxyproline, taken as an index of collagen synthesis, were increased following 1.0 ppm phosgene exposure at 4 as well as 12 weeks, respectively. Desmosine levels, taken as an index of changes in elastin, were increased in the lung after 4 or 12 weeks in the 1.0 ppm phosgene group. Following 4 weeks of air recovery, lung hydroxyproline was further increased in 0.5 and 1.0 ppm phosgene groups. Lung weight also remained significantly higher than the controls; however, desmosine and lung displacement volume in phosgene-exposed animals were similar to controls. In summary, terminal bronchiolar and lung volume displacement changes occurred at very low phosgene concentrations (0.1 ppm). Phosgene concentration, rather than C x T product appeared to drive toxic responses. The changes induced by phosgene (except of collagen) following 4 weeks were not further amplified at 12 weeks despite continued exposure. Phosgene-induced alterations of matrix were only partially reversible after 4 weeks of clean air exposure.
WKB approximation for quantum theory on a lattice

In this paper we use a WKB approximation to solve the lattice version of some quantum-mechanical models. This requires the solution of an infinite-order differential equation (an integral equation) in terms of a WKB series. The resulting WKB expansion on the lattice is complementary to the high-temperature expansion on the lattice.
Kinetic Stabilization and Fusion of Apolipoprotein A-2:DMPC Disks: Comparison with apoA-1 and apoC-1

Denaturation studies of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) containing human apolipoprotein A-2 (apoA-2) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine indicate kinetic stabilization. Circular dichroism (CD) and light-scattering melting curves show hysteresis and scan rate dependence, indicating thermodynamically irreversible transition with high activation energy Ea. CD and light-scattering data suggest that protein unfolding triggers HDL fusion. Electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and differential scanning calorimetry show that such fusion involves lipid vesicle formation and dissociation of monomolecular lipid-poor protein. Arrhenius analysis reveals two kinetic phases, a slower phase with Ea,slow = 60 kcal/mol and a faster phase with Ea,fast = 22 kcal/mol. Only the fast phase is observed upon repetitive heating, suggesting that lipid-poor protein and protein-containing vesicles have lower kinetic stability than the disks. Comparison of the unfolding rates and the melting data recorded by differential scanning calorimetry, CD, and light scattering indicates the rank order for the kinetic disk stability, apoA-1 > apoA-2 > apoC-1, that correlates with protein size rather than hydrophobicity. This contrasts with the tighter association of apoA-2 than apoA-1 with mature HDL, suggesting different molecular determinants for stabilization of model discoidal and plasma spherical HDL. Different effects of apoA-2 and apoA-1 on HDL fusion and stability may reflect different metabolic properties of apoA-2 and/or apoA-1-containing HDL.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BLOOD COAGULATION TIME

In the dog variation in the temperature of the blood, before it is withdrawn from the artery, between the limits of 25° C. and 45·1° C., does not appear to affect its coagulation time provided it is kept at a constant (25° C.) temperature afterwards. Prolonged etherisation does not affect the coagulation time appreciably. Changes in the temperature of the blood, after it is withdrawn from the body, produce a marked affect on its coagulation time. From 10° C. to about 40° C. the time is shortened as the temperature rises, and beyond this from 40° C. upwards, it is lengthened. At 55° C. or 56° C. the blood does not coagulate at all.
Trophic relationships among invertebrates at the Kairei hydrothermal vent field (Central Indian Ridge)

Exploration of hydrothermal vent systems in locations remote from well-studied sites allows ecologists to determine the degree of site-specific variation in trophic relationships among communities. A preliminary outline of the trophic structure of the Kairei hydrothermal vent community on the Central Indian Ridge (25°19.23′S; 70°02.42′E) is provided here, based on analysis of collections from an April 2001 expedition. Invertebrate biomass at Kairei is dominated by organic carbon with a δ13C isotopic value of about –13‰, due to the abundance of primary consumers (shrimp: Rimicaris aff. exoculata) and secondary consumers (anemones: Marianactis n. sp.) with this isotopic composition. Filamentous thiotrophic episymbionts on shrimp have been interpreted to be the major diet items of the shrimp and hence are the dominant primary producers within the community. Free-living autotrophic microorganisms are implicated as the dietary base for other invertebrate species. Four trophic groups are identified within the Kairei invertebrates based on carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios, but these groups do not always define discrete trophic levels. Ontogenetic shifts in diet are documented for R. aff. exoculata and brachyuran crabs (Austinograea n. sp.). Diets of symbiont-bearing mussels (Bathymodiolus aff. brevior) and two species of gastropods are isotopically constant throughout the range of sizes analyzed. There is a consistent but unexplained pattern of increasing nitrogen isotopic composition with increasing carbon isotopic composition in vent communities from geographically disjunct oceanic regions. Given the assumptions associated with interpretations of isotopic data, there remains a missing pool of carbon (presumably unsampled bacterial biomass) that contributes to the maintenance of the 13C- and 15N-enriched primary consumers in these ecosystems.