cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The large-momentum, high-frequency spectrum of a randomly stirred fluid

Abstract The limiting spectral function, stable in the large-momentum, high-frequency range, is obtained for a randomly stirred fluid: it is E(k)∞k − 5 3 (kL) −1 μ 3 , where L is the characteristic size of the system; μ is calculated exactly and found to be μ = 0.4. This result is obtained by an exact summation of asymptotic series describing the transport of smaller eddies by larger ones, and by a subsequent application of a modified Renormalization Group Theory (RGT).
Empirical models of privacy in location sharing

The rapid adoption of location tracking and mobile social networking technologies raises significant privacy challenges. Today our understanding of people's location sharing privacy preferences remains very limited, including how these preferences are impacted by the type of location tracking device or the nature of the locations visited. To address this gap, we deployed Locaccino, a mobile location sharing system, in a four week long field study, where we examined the behavior of study participants (n=28) who shared their location with their acquaintances (n=373.) Our results show that users appear more comfortable sharing their presence at locations visited by a large and diverse set of people. Our study also indicates that people who visit a wider number of places tend to also be the subject of a greater number of requests for their locations. Over time these same people tend to also evolve more sophisticated privacy preferences, reflected by an increase in time- and location-based restrictions. We conclude by discussing the implications our findings.
Heat transfer from an immersed surface in a magnetofluidized bed

Abstract Heat Transfer from an immersed horizontal cylindrical heat-transfer probe in an air-fluidized bed of iron shots exposed to an external magnetic field has been investigated. The probe is equipped to provide both total and local heat-transfer coefficients at different axial and angular positions. The fluidizing-air velocity and external magnetic-field intensities are varied to bring about different fluidization regimes starting from fixed-bed, magnetically stabilized-bed, partially stabilized-or bubbling-bed, and frozen-bed regimes. The nature of heat transfer is interpreted in all these regimes and conditions are identified where advantages of magnetic bed stabilization can be enjoyed without loss of heat-transfer rates.
Detecting and addressing alcohol abuse in women.

In the primary care setting, 20% to 25% of patients experience alcohol-related problems; however, clinicians often treat the symptoms of alcoholism and fail to identify the disease itself. Unlike men, women commonly seek help for alcoholism from primary care clinicians. Further, the development and progression of alcoholism is different in women than in men. Women with alcohol problems have higher rates of dual diagnoses, childhood sexual abuse, panic and phobia disorders, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and victimization. Early diagnosis, brief interventions, and referral are critical to the treatment of alcoholism in women. Language: en
Miscibility of Au and Cu in superconducting YBa2(Cu1−xAux)3O7−δ for 0<x<0.15

Abstract Au has been successfully incorporated into the 123 superconducting oxide YBa2(Cu1−xAux)3O7−δ with up to 15% of the Cu sites occupied by Au atoms (x=0.15). Earlier work found an apparent solubility limit of only 3.3%. Higher Au concentrations in these sintered ceramics were readily obtained by substituting Au2O3 for the corresponding amount of CuO in the starting powders, instead of adding metallic Au to stoichiometric 123 mixtures. Au is the only known dopant which raises the superconducting transition temperature of the 123 copper oxide , by 1.5 K for x≈0.03. Increasing Au concentrations cause a gradual drop in Tc. More than a “doped” copper oxide, at these concentrations YBa2(Cu1−xAux)3O7−δ is a novel, continuous Cu–Au oxide system.
Ear-to-ear derivation in short latency brainstem auditory evoked responses

We utilized an ipsilateral to contralateral earlobe (Ai-Ac) derivation in addition to the scalp to ipsilateral ear (Cz-Ai) and scalp to contralateral ear (Cz-Ac) derivations, in 12 normal hearing community volunteers and 36 patients with a variety of referrals and varying degrees of hearing loss. In normal subjects, the latency of wave I in the Ai-Ac derivation was identical to that in Cz-Ai, but amplitude was consistently smaller (0.21 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.13 microV, p less than 0.005). The wave III behaved in a reverse manner. These data can be easily explained based on traditional principles of near- and far-field potentials. The amplitude differences of the wave I in Cz-Ai and Ai-Ac derivations were, however, small and the phase-reversals of that wave between the 2 derivations were striking and consistent in all subjects and patients. This observation indicates that the addition of Ai-Ac derivation to the conventional 1 or 2 channel montage may aid in the identification of wave I.
A review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employed in allergy.

The practice of allergy has evolved during the last 75 years by clinical observation combined with increasing knowledge of basic immunological principles. The concepts and methods generally accepted today are based on many laborator,v and clinical studies meeting the standards of modern scientific investigation. Significant advances in the last generation have improved theoretical and technical understanding of the human response to allergenic exposure. Animal models1-3 have facilitated study of immunological mechanisms and therapeutic effects in experimentally induced disease states. In vitro techniques have made objective evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures possible. Some of these are determination of antigen-specific IgE,4 release of histamine from peripheral blood leukocytes,5 and measurements of blocking activity of serum utilizing the leukocyte histamine release system’ and antigen-binding capacity of serum.? Criteria for improvement in clinical studies B, 8-1o have included such objective measurements as well as symptom diaries and quantity of medication under conditions of experimental control. However, there are some theories and techniques practiced that are controversial. They include intracutaneous “titration” for determining “optimal dosage” or “optimal dose,” intracutaneous and sublingual provocative tests for foods and inhalants with “provoking” and “neutralizing” doses, sublingual “desensitization,” and the leukocytotoxic test. Peer review committees recently have contested remuneration for some of these methodsl’ The intent of this review is to describe in detail some of these controversial diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The methodologies will be described insofar as they are available in medical literature. The techniques will be discussed as to whether, in the opinions of the author, their rationale or their effectiveness is supported by the advances in basic scientific knowledge regarding the mechanisms of allergic diseases. The common immediate type (type I; anaphylactic; reagin-mediated ; IgE-mediated) allergic diseases are now rec-
Probabilistic Arguments from Evil

Many philosophers have held that traditional theism can be conclusively disproved because it can be shown to be logically inconsistent with some known fact about evil. By ‘traditional theism’ I mean the statement that G. There exists an omnipotent, omniscient and morally perfect person who created the universe.
Interactions Between Oil Substrates and Glucose on Pure Cultures of Ruminal Lipase-Producing Bacteria

The hydrolysis of free fatty acids from lipids is a prerequisite for biohydrogenation, a process that effectively saturates free fatty acids. Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5s and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens have long been thought to be the major contributors to ruminal lipolysis; however, Propionibacterium avidum and acnes recently have been identified as contributing lipase activity in the rumen. In order to further characterize the lipase activity of these bacterial populations, each was grown with three different lipid substrates, olive oil, corn oil, and flaxseed oil (3 %). Because different finishing rations contain varying levels of glycogen (a source of free glucose) this study also documented the effects of glucose on lipolysis. P. avidum and A. lipolyticus 5s demonstrated the most rapid rates (P < 0.05) of lipolysis for cultures grown with olive oil and flaxseed oil, respectively. A. lipolyticus, B. fibrisolvens, and P. avidum more effectively hydrolyzed flaxseed oil than olive oil or corn oil, especially in the presence of 0.02 % glucose. Conversely, P. acnes hydrolyzed corn oil more readily than olive oil or flaxseed oil and glucose had no effect on lipolytic rate. Thus, these bacterial species demonstrated different specificities for oil substrates and different sensitivities to glucose.
Options For The Development Of FEL Oscillators From 200 to 1000 Angstroms

Operation of a high gain VUV/Soft X-Ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) oscillator on the Stanford X-Ray Center (SXRC) storage ring is investigated. Laser energy and emittance acceptance in the high gain regime for XUV light are examined using the FEL amplifier simulation code FRED. Assuming 50% mirror reflectivity, oscillation is shown to be feasible down to 220 A with a realizable wiggler magnet placed in the 27 meter straight section of the 1 GeV SXRC ring. Laser output power and time structure are determined for a 960 A oscillator operating in both "cw" and slow pulsed modes.
Postcollision-interaction recapture of photoelectrons and zero-kinetic-energy electron emission: A quantum model

Near-threshold photoelectron recapture due to postcollision interaction with a single Auger electron is examined within the quantum-mechanical framework of radiationless resonant Raman scattering. Model calculations using a hydrogenic approximation are performed, revealing general features of the escape probability as a function of inner-shell decay width \ensuremath{\Gamma}. The escape probability is useful in estimating diagram and spectator Auger intensities near threshold. The process of recapture produces a delay in the onset of double ionization to energies above threshold, which scales as ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{2/3}.$ The present model is also applied to the cross section for ejection of photoelectrons with zero kinetic energy (ZKE), assuming a stable final state. A comparison with semiclassical results at small \ensuremath{\Gamma} suggests that existing semiclassical distributions are formally correct, with further convolution suggested by Thomas et al. [J. Phys. B 29, 3245 (1996)] not required. Results of the present quantum ZKE model, which does not include additional cascade effects, are in agreement with existing data. Quantities that describe the escape and ZKE-emission distributions are identified and their variation with \ensuremath{\Gamma} is examined.
Research of Corner Detection Algorithm with Stack Volume Measurement

In this paper, the comparation and analysis of the conner detection algorithm used in the three-dimensional reconstruction were made .Also the improvement and optimization to the parameters of harris algorithm were done. It is concluded that the hariis algorithm improved had a better effect ,simpler operation and better stability in the measurement of material stack volume measurement through the experimental results.
Elasticity Properties Preserved in the Normset

Abstract Let T ⊆ R be the rings of integers in a number field and a finite Galois extension field. We study relations between the elasticity ρ ( R ) of the monoid of nonzero elements of R and the elasticity ρ ( S ) of the monoid S of norms to T of those elements. We show ρ ( R )⩾ ρ ( S ) and that equality holds if the norms of irreducible elements of R are irreducible in S , which is true, in particular, if either ρ ( R ) ρ ( S )=1.
Monoclonal antibodies in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Monoclonal antibodies taregeting surface markers in acute lumphocytic leukemia (CD19, CD20 and CD22) are showing promising results and are reviewed.
Motility in Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Coelastrum microporum

SUMMARY Motility was observed in Scenedesmus dimorphus, S. obliquus, and Coelastrum microporum incubated at IS C in a medium lacking a nitrogen source. Flagellated cells of the WH 50 strain of S. obliquus could not be cultured in a variety of organic media. From this and the occasional occurrence of quadriflagellated cells in C. microporum, if appears possible that the motile cells are gametes.
A test of size-scaling and relative-size hypotheses for the moon illusion.

In two experiments participants reproduced the size of the moon in pictorial scenes under two conditions: when the scene element was normally oriented, producing a depth gradient like a floor, or when the scene element was inverted, producing a depth gradient like a ceiling.Target moons were located near to or far from the scene element.Consistent with size constancy scaling, the illusion reversed when the “floor” of a pictorial scene was inverted to represent a “ceiling.” Relative size contrast predicted a reduction or increase in the illusion with no change in direction.The relation between pictorial and natural moon illusions is discussed.
Dynamics of an explosive reaction center

Gas dynamic effects of reaction center in explosive gas mixture analyzed by model and numerical computation
Substances and space-time: What Aristotle would have said to Einstein

Abstract This essay consists of two parts. The first is an exegetical analysis of the “stripping” argument of Metaphysics Z.3. I contend that the passage is not in propria persona and that the resolution of the aporia depends upon a careful consideration of the metaphysical relationship between essential properties and the subjects of which they are predicated. The second part applies this conclusion to a problem recently raised by John Earman and John Norton about whether the general theory of relativity is compatible with both determinism and a substantivalist interpretation of space-time. I argue that their difficulty can be avoided by an Aristotelian account of the essential properties of space-time.
Glucagon stimulates Brunner's Gland Secretion

GLUCAGON and secretin, chemical homologues having 14 similar amino-acids in identical positions1, induce choleresis2, stimulate insulin release3 and inhibit gastric secretion4. Glucagon, however, inhibits, while secretin stimulates, pancreatic fluid and electrolyte secretion5. Because three different preparations of secretin—synthetic porcine (Squibb), pure natural porcine (Jorpes and Mutt) and impure porcine (Boots)—stimulate Brunner's gland secretion6–8, we investigated whether glucagon would affect Brunner's gland secretion in dogs.
An episomal vector for stable tetracycline-regulated gene expression

The recently introduced tetracycline (Tc)-regulatable eukaryotic gene expression system based on the Escherichia coli Tn 10 tetracycline operon has proven to be a powerful tool for controlled expression of a variety of genes in vitro as well as in vivo . Control elements of this expression system are contained in two separate plasmid vectors. The tTA vector encodes a transactivator protein and the tetP vector contains a responsive operator-promoter element (tetP) that controls gene expression depending on tTA binding. Establishment of cell lines expressing a gene of interest under tetP control requires two subsequent rounds of transfection and clonal selection after each transfection. Here we describe a modification of this system in which the tetP element is placed in an episomal EBNA-based plasmid that can be stably maintained in primate but not in rodent cells. Using HeLa and human melanoma cells, we show that upon transient or stable transfection a reporter gene is expressed in a Tc-regulated manner similar to the original system. Thus, this expression system combines the advantages of episomal vectors, such as high efficiency of transfection and time-efficient selection of mass cultures, with tight control of gene expression provided by the Tc-regulatable system.
Fixed drug eruption to papaverine

Papaverine has offered new options for therapy in erectile dysfunction. Various complications have been reported with papaverine, the prominent ones being priapism and liver function abnormalities. We present a previously unreported case of a fixed drug eruption caused by papaverine.
An equal-time quantized field theory on the light cone

The isomorphism between the equal-time and light-cone Fock space representations of the scalarcoupled Yukawa theory in 3+1 dimensions is constructed to lowest order in perturbation theory. The light-cone vacuum is shown to be the physical vacuum state of the theory, and the equal-x+ commutation relations between the fields are determined. The dynamical operators are shown to be correctly given by components of the energymomentum tensor integrated over the surfacex+=0.
Real-time analysis of the detonation products of RDX

Abstract We have obtained the mass spectrum of the products of detonation from RDX. It was obtained by sampling the freely expanding gases following the detonation of the explosive in vacuum. The time evolution of the products was measured and thereby also the molecular velocities of the species. At the threshold of ion arrival, almost ail of the molecules had a common velocity, 8.8 km/s. The spectrum was dominated in intensity by H2O (ions at M=17,18), followed by important transient species HNCO and NCO. Also we found that the more stable molecules HCN, N2, and CO had significant intensity. We compare our spectrum with the products found from other studies, such as thermal decomposition, laser ionization mass spectrometry, and the detonation products from detonation under conditions close to equilibrium.
Test particle in a two-dimensional plasma

Abstract We have calculated the diffusion and dynamical friction coefficients for a test-particle in a two-dimensional, one-component, spatially homogeneous plasma. The coefficients for the Fokker-Planck and Balescu-Lenard kinetic equations are compared for the two-dimensional analogue of the Lorentz velocity distribution function. Significant differences between the two sets of coefficients are found. These differences are attributed, in part at least, to the difference of dynamical shielding in two and three dimensions and to the particular choice of velocity-distribution function.
Screening for Risk of HIV Exposure Using the A-I-D-S Mnemonic

This study evaluates a screening tool, based on the acronym “A-I-D-S” for assessment of risk of HIV infection. Patients were asked if they, were afraid they had been exposed to AIDS, had ever used intravenous drugs or received blood products, had any diagnostic features of HIV infection, and had engaged in any high-risk sexual behaviors. The rating of risk based on the A-I-D-S study questionnaire correlated significantly with assessments of risk by the treating physician and based on chart review. The A-I-D-S mnemonic proved to be rapid and accurate for assessing risk for HIV infection.
Effects of Maternal and Grandmaternal Nutrition on Deer Mass and Vulnerability to Wolf Predation

In a Minnesota ecosystem, mass of female white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) fawns and adults, and survival of adult females in the face of wolf ( Canis lupus ) predation, were directly related to maternal nutrition during gestation. Mass of single male fawns produced by 2-year-old females, and survival of yearlings to 2 years of age were related directly to the nutrition of their grandmothers.
Experimental Study of the Outside Vapor Deposition Process

Outside vapor deposition has been studied experimentally, and the deposition process parameters have been examined. The system consisted of an industrial-type burner and a cylindrical bait rod. The following aspects of this process were studied: 1) the temperature profile of the bait rod surface, 2) the deposition efficiency measured in terms of the mass of deposited SiO2, and 3) the size distribution of the deposited particles. The maximum bait rod surface temperature was, as expected, at the stagnation point. The temperature on the surface dropped rapidly along the axis of the bait rod away from the stagnation point; this is expected to influence the thermophoretic deposition rate. The particle size distribution shows that the particle diameters are near 0.2 μm and above.
The gastrointestinal frontier: IgA and viruses.

Viral gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of diseases that kill approximately 2.2 million people world wide each year. IgA is one of the major immune effector products present in the gastrointestinal tract yet its importance in protection against gastrointestinal viral infections has been difficult to prove. In part this has been due to a lack of small and large animal models in which pathogenesis of and immunity to gastrointestinal viral infections is similar to that in humans. Much of what we have learned about the role of IgA in the intestinal immune response has been obtained from experimental animal models of rotavirus infection. Rotavirus-specific intestinal IgA appears to be one of the principle effectors of long term protection against rotavirus infection. Thus, there has been a focus on understanding the immunological pathways through which this virus specific IgA is induced during infection. In addition, the experimental animal models of rotavirus infection provide excellent systems in which new areas of research on viral-specific intestinal IgA including the long term maintenance of viral-specific IgA.
Joint Random Access and Power Selection for Maximal Throughput in Wireless Networks

In wireless networks, how to select transmit power that maximizes throughput is a challenging problem. On one hand, transmissions at a high power level could increase interference to others; on the other hand, transmissions at a low power level are prone to being interfered by others. Prior works consider this problem as a search for a \textit{fixed} optimal power setting that maximizes communication spatial reuse. In this paper, we pursue a novel approach that combines power selection with a random medium access mechanism. For each transmission, a node \textit{randomly} selects a transmit power from all available power levels to access the medium. In this way, all combinations of network power settings could be selected with some probability. Using a recently developed Markov chain model, we derive a distributed scheme that determines the access probabilities of each power setting, according to the arrival rate of traffic and the service rate achieved by the scheme. We show that this scheme always converges to the optimal solution. Moreover, we also show that the random scheme can attain the maximal throughput region that can be obtained by any time-sharing between power settings, and which is consequently larger than the region any fixed power setting can achieve.
Ormosil coatings of high hardness

Organically modified silicates (ormosils) of two systems were coated on polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrates. One was the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) system and the other was the TEOS-tetraisopropyltitanate (TIPT)-VTES system. The reactions among the alkoxides were examined by liquid state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The chemical bonds between TEOS and VTES, between TEOS and TIPT, and between VTES and TIPT are shown in the spectra and the reaction schemes are proposed. Vickers hardnesses of the ormosil coatings were obtained by using the models developed by Jonsson and Hogmark, and the theoretical models developed by the authors were valuable to predict the hardness values. The ormosil coatings obtained in the present study were much harder than the hardest transparent plastics, and thus are very useful for hard or protective coatings on organic polymers.
An Interview with the Frontline

Encompassing a wide range of responsibilities, Access Services means many different things to many different people, with global variations in what it means to the end user. However, for almost all...
Neural network control for DC motor micromaneuvering

The application of a neural network controller for compensating the effects induced by the friction in a DC motor micromaneuvering system is considered in this article. A backpropagation neural network operating in the specialized learning mode, using the sign gradient descent algorithm, is employed. The input vector to the neural network controller consists of the time history of the motor angular shaft velocity within a prespecified time window. The on-line training of the neural network is performed in the region of interest of the output domain. The neural network output resembles that of a pulse width modulated controller. The effect of the number of neurons in the input and hidden layers on the transient system response is explored. Experimental studies are presented to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. >
A Comprehensive Approach to Identifying and Addressing Issues of Disproportionate Representation

Reasons for the disproportionate representation of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in special education are multifaceted and shaped by the cultural experiences of students and professionals. With this perspective in mind, this article presents a comprehensive approach to identifying and addressing issues of disproportionate representation. Specifically, a list of questions that can be used to examine the extent to which issues and factors of disproportionality exist in schools is presented as well as strategies to address the needs of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
A Randomized Algorithm for Maximizing the Diversity of Recommendations

This paper proposes a new approach, and studies an algorithm to address the Maximum Diversity Problem (MDP) of recommendations for composite products or services. First, the proposed approach is based on constructing and using a multi-dimensional diversity feature space, which is separate from the utility space used for utility elicitation. Second, we introduce a randomized algorithm, which is based on iterative relaxation of selections by the Greedy algorithm with an exponential probability distribution. The algorithm produces a competitive solution with respect to finding a diverse set from candidate recommendations. Finally, we conduct an experimental study to compare the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm with two broadly used diversity algorithms, as well as with the exhaustive algorithm, which we could only compute for sets of up to seven returned recommendations. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient computationally and that in terms of diversity, it consistently outperforms the two competitive algorithms and converges to the optimal solutions on cases run with the exhaustive algorithm in under 100 ms.
Linking Project-Based Interdisciplinary Learning and Recommended Professional Competencies with Business Management, Digital Media, Distance Learning, Engineering Technology, and English

This paper encourages the investigation of real world problems by students and faculty and links recommended student competencies with project based learning. In addition to the traditional course objectives, project-based learning (PBL) uses real world problems for classroom instruction and fieldwork to connect students, instructors, and industry mentors from several disciplines with the recommended professional competencies required of students entering a profession or career. The purpose and focus of this paper is to inform and enlighten, to instruct and educate, and to evoke industry and community interest by combining educational service value with an educational enterprising activity. The paper demonstrates how project-based learning objectives in the classroom integrate with industry recommended professional competencies in solving real world problems. Utilizing the extraordinary intellectual capital of students and faculty in a learning environment on college campuses allows projects to be arranged and managed in a manner that may also provide funding and grant opportunities. Project-based learning linked to recommended professional competencies is a contributing educational force that addresses the needs in communities, student life, and career choices.
National study of chronic disease self-management: 6-month and 12-month findings among cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors

Author(s): Salvatore, Alicia L; Ahn, SangNam; Jiang, Luohua; Lorig, Kate; Ory, Marcia G | Abstract: ObjectiveThis study examined the applicability of the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) for cancer survivors and compared outcomes among cancer survivors and participants with other chronic diseases (non-cancer survivors).MethodsParticipants were older adults (n = 1170) enrolled in the National Study of CDSMP. Detailed information about physical and psychosocial health status and health and healthcare behaviors was collected from participants (n = 116 cancer survivors and n = 1054 non-cancer survivors) via self-report before CDSMP participation and at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess baseline-to-6-month and baseline-to-12-month changes.ResultsAmong cancer survivors, general health, depression, and sleep significantly improved from baseline to 6 months. These significant changes were sustained at 12 months. Communication with physician, medication compliance, pain, days in poor physical health, days in poor mental health, and days kept from usual activities and physical activity also improved significantly from baseline to 12 months. Among non-cancer survivors, all outcomes except medication compliance and stress improved significantly from baseline to 6 months. At 12 months, medication compliance also improved significantly.ConclusionsFindings suggest that participation in CDSMP, an evidence-based chronic disease self-management intervention not specifically tailored for cancer survivorship, may significantly improve physical and psychosocial health status and key health and healthcare behaviors among cancer survivors. Additional research is needed to elucidate cancer survivors' unique needs and examine the benefits of tailored versions of CDSMP. Nevertheless, CDSMP, available at scale nationally and internationally, is a promising intervention for cancer survivors and should be considered a valuable component of survivorship care.
Investment Irreversibility, Cash Flow Risk, and Value‐Growth Stock Return Effects

We simulate results from a simple real options model to provide insight into the value-growth stock return anomaly. In our model, firms possess either single (“value” firm) or multiple (“growth” firm) investment opportunities. Our model predicts that growth firms: (1) invest sooner, (2) exhibit greater continuity in capital expenditure over time, (3) have lower book-to-market ratios, and (4) generate lower rates of return than value firms.
Vigabatrin in the management of generalized seizures in children

The interpretation of the results of the use of vigabatrin (VGB) in generalized seizures and epilepsies in children has been difficult. Most studies have assessed patients on the basis of both seizure type and epilepsy syndrome and the numbers of patients have been small. Some 'generalized' epilepsy syndromes (specifically the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) are characterized by multiple seizure types which are frequently not analysed individually in terms of drug response. By contrast West syndrome is easier to evaluate as the spasms are the only, and characteristic, seizure type. Vigabatrin has been used as both add-on, and monotherapy in the treatment of spasms. The results of add-on studies suggest that symptomatic spasms respond best, with 40-100% of children becoming spasm-free and many others showing a reduction in seizures of over 50%. The limited, reported data on VGB-monotherapy in West syndrome have been encouraging with over 50% of patients experiencing a total and sustained control of seizures with minimal or no adverse events; however, the pattern of response (symptomatic cases responding better than cryptogenic cases), has not, as yet, been confirmed. The 'non-progressive' myoclonic epilepsies tend to be exacerbated with 25-50% of patients experiencing an increase in seizure frequency; this is an interesting observation in view of the improvement seen in infantile spasms, which are also classified as a myoclonic seizure. The use of VGB in other generalized seizures and epilepsy syndromes has been neither assessed, nor reported. This reflects the fact that these seizures/syndromes are easily and well controlled using the 'older' anti-epileptic drugs.
Retrograde migration and endovascular retrieval of a venous bullet embolus

Venous bullet embolism is a rare and complicated occurrence reported in approximately 0.3% of penetrating trauma. The management of bullet emboli is decided on a case-by-case basis, balancing the risk of the embolus itself against those associated with extraction. We report a case of a 19-year-old man who sustained a gunshot wound to the anterior chest, which migrated to the left internal iliac vein in a retrograde fashion. We were able to successfully retrieve the missile using an endovascular approach, thereby minimizing the morbidity associated with an open procedure.
Copyrights in Cyberspace: A Roundup of Recent Cases

Decades from now, we will remember 2010 for the BP oil spill and the year 2011 because of a slow recovery from the steepest economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Nevertheless, it is reasonably certain that intellectual property (IP) lawyers will still remember some of the remarkable copyright cases included in this roundup of cyberspace-related cases. For the past two decades, copyright law has been accommodating to the digital age. While the World Wide Web did not become part of mainstream American culture until the mid-1990s, the widespread use of the Internet dramatically changed the course of copyright law. The World Wide Web continues to enable copyright infringement on a scale unfathomable in the 1980s and 1990s. In October 2011, the U.S. Copyright Office released its strategic plan that prioritized its activities for the next two years. One Copyright Office priority is the "feasibility and facilitation of the mass digitization of books, outside the context of Google’s private effort." Google Book Search already enables users around the world to access millions of books from the world’s finest libraries at the click of a mouse. Among the U.S. Copyright Office’s call for legislative action is to find new ways to deter "rogue websites" that enable widespread copyright infringement of copyrighted works, "particularly motion pictures, television programs, books, and software." Another legislative priority is to ramp up "criminal penalties for unauthorized online streaming of content." The U.S. Copyright Office also calls for "amending federal law to give librarians and archivists more support in their efforts to deal with digital content." The priority of restraining widespread infringement on the Internet is a top priority for copyright owners around the world. This Article is a roundup of how Internet-related cases decided in the past two years continue to reshape the contours of copyright law.
Positions of β2 and β3 subunits in the large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated BK potassium channel

Large-conductance voltage- and Ca2+-gated K+ channels are negative-feedback regulators of excitability in many cell types. They are complexes of α subunits and of one of four types of modulatory β subunits. These have intracellular N- and C-terminal tails and two transmembrane (TM) helices, TM1 and TM2, connected by an ∼100-residue extracellular loop. Based on endogenous disulfide formation between engineered cysteines (Cys), we found that in β2 and β3, as in β1 and β4, TM1 is closest to αS1 and αS2 and TM2 is closest to αS0. Mouse β3 (mβ3) has seven Cys in its loop, one of which is free, and this Cys readily forms disulfides with Cys substituted in the extracellular flanks of each of αS0–αS6. We identified by elimination mβ3-loop Cys152 as the only free Cys. We inferred the disulfide-bonding pattern of the other six Cys. Using directed proteolysis and fragment sizing, we determined this pattern first among the four loop Cys in β1. These are conserved in β2–β4, which have four additional Cys (eight in total), except that mβ3 has one fewer. In β1, disulfides form between Cys at aligned positions 1 and 8 and between Cys at aligned positions 5 and 6. In mβ3, the free Cys is at position 7; position 2 lacks a Cys present in all other β2–β4; and the disulfide pattern is 1–8, 3–4, and 5–6. Presumably, Cys 2 cross-links to Cys 7 in all other β2–β4. Cross-linking of mβ3 Cys152 to Cys substituted in the flanks of αS0–S5 attenuated the protection against iberiotoxin (IbTX); cross-linking of Cys152 to K296C in the αS6 flank and close to the pore enhanced protection against IbTX. In no case was N-type inactivation by the N-terminal tail of mβ3 perturbed. Although the mβ3 loop can move, its position with Cys152 near αK296, in which it blocks IbTX binding, is likely favored.
CURRENT PROGRESS IN THEORIES OF SINTERING IN THE U.S.A.

THEpresent review represents an attempt to outline the current thinking about theories of sintering and the directions in which experimental work is now being carried on by investigators in the United States. It is not intended as a comprehensive review of the whole subject, but rather a collection of some of the significant developments. Obviously a review of this type cannot include all the work that is in progress, nor can it discuss any of the work in the detail which its importance merits. Nevertheless it is hoped that a general picture of the state of the art can be presented and that the reviewer will be pardoned his sins of omission. It is perhaps of interest to note that in attempts to solve these important problems of sintering, the metallurgists and the ceramists are working closely together. I1.-SOLID-STATE SINTERING The first aspect of the problem that will be considered is the sintering of single-component solid-phase bodies, i.e. solid-state sintering. Most of the theoretical treatment of the initial stages of sintering has been built about a model involving specific geometrical characteristics, the development of which has generally been associated with the names of Nabarro, Herring, and Kuczynski. This model has the advantage of permitting extensive and rather elegant mathematical treatment, but the disadvantage that it represents only an approximation of the true situation in an actual powder compact. It is perhaps worth while to outline this model briefly as a basis for the discussion to follow. The model represents the powder particles as spheres or cylinders in contact, or alternatively, a sphere and a flat plate. As sintering proceeds, the point of contact broadens into a narrow neck which contains a grain boundary, the basic driving force being the tendency to minimize the surface energy of the assembly. Owing to the configuration, it is assumed that the chemical potential is greater at the sharply curved neck than elsewhere, and this leads to: (a) a tensile stress in the neck, (b) a decreased vapour pressure at the neck, and (c) an increased concentration of lattice vacancies at the neck compared with the
Investigation of Aldicarb in Ground Water in Selected Areas of the Central Sand Plain of Wisconsin

The goal of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the occurrence and movement of the pesticide aldicarb in ground water in the Central Sand Plain of Wisconsin. Aldicarb concentrations in ground water beneath three main study fields and two subsidiary fields were monitored during the period December 1980–August 1981. A total of 67 well points, some nested, and one multilevel sampler were installed for this study. In addition, 25 private wells and seven irrigation wells were sampled. The data collected to date are limited both in space and time. However, several trends are evident: (1) highest concentrations of aldicarb were detected in shallow monitoring wells (those located immediately below the water table); (2) no aldicarb was detected in any of the deep monitoring wells (those located roughly 60 feet below the water table), although aldicarb was found in some of the irrigation wells finished at approximately the same depth; (3) aldicarb seems to be concentrated in roughly a 5-foot layer near the water table, and (4) marked seasonal fluctuations in aldicarb concentrations occurred in several wells.
The HaLoop approach to large-scale iterative data analysis

The growing demand for large-scale data mining and data analysis applications has led both industry and academia to design new types of highly scalable data-intensive computing platforms. MapReduce has enjoyed particular success. However, MapReduce lacks built-in support for iterative programs, which arise naturally in many applications including data mining, web ranking, graph analysis, and model fitting. This paper (This is an extended version of the VLDB 2010 paper "HaLoop: Efficient Iterative Data Processing on Large Clusters" PVLDB 3(1):285---296, 2010.) presents HaLoop, a modified version of the Hadoop MapReduce framework, that is designed to serve these applications. HaLoop allows iterative applications to be assembled from existing Hadoop programs without modification, and significantly improves their efficiency by providing inter-iteration caching mechanisms and a loop-aware scheduler to exploit these caches. HaLoop retains the fault-tolerance properties of MapReduce through automatic cache recovery and task re-execution. We evaluated HaLoop on a variety of real applications and real datasets. Compared with Hadoop, on average, HaLoop improved runtimes by a factor of 1.85 and shuffled only 4 % as much data between mappers and reducers in the applications that we tested.
Somatic and Germinal Mobility of the RescueMu Transposon in Transgenic Maize

RescueMu, a Mu1 element containing a bacterial plasmid, is mobilized by MuDR in transgenic maize. Somatic excision from a cell-autonomous marker gene yields >90% single cell sectors; empty donor sites often have deletions and insertions, including up to 210 bp of RescueMu/Mu1 terminal DNA. Late somatic insertions are contemporaneous with excisions, suggesting that “cut-and-paste” transposition occurs in the soma. During reproduction, RescueMu transposes infrequently from the initial transgene array, but once transposed, RescueMu is suitable for high throughput gene mutation and cloning. As with MuDR/Mu elements, heritable RescueMu insertions are not associated with excisions. Both somatic and germinal RescueMu insertions occur preferentially into genes and gene-like sequences, but they exhibit weak target site preferences. New insights into Mu behaviors are discussed with reference to two models proposed to explain the alternative outcomes of somatic and germinal events: a switch from somatic cut-and-paste to germinal replicative transposition or to host-mediated gap repair from sister chromatids.
Breast imaging with acoustic tomography: a comparative study with MRI

The objective of this study is to investigate a potential low-cost-alternative to MRI, based on acoustic tomography. Using MRI as the gold standard, our goals are to assess the performance of acoustic tomography in (i) depicting normal breast anatomy, (ii) imaging cancerous lesions and (iii) accentuating lesions relative to background tissue using thresholding techniques. Fifteen patients were imaged with MRI and with an acoustic tomography prototype. A qualitative visual comparison of the MRI and prototype images was used to verify anatomical similarities. These similarities suggest that the prototype can image fibrous stroma, parenchyma and fatty tissues, with similar sensitivity to MRI. The prototype was also shown to be able to image masses but equivalency in mass sensitivity with MRI could not be established because of the small numbers of patients and the prototype's limited scanning range. The range of thresholds required to establish tumor volume equivalency suggests that a universal threshold for isolating masses relative to background tissue is possible with acoustic tomography. Thresholding techniques promise to accentuate masses relative to background anatomy which may prove clinically useful in potential screening applications. Future work will utilize larger trials to verify these preliminary conclusions.
The carboxyl-terminal isoforms of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain determine thick filament assembly properties

The alternatively spliced SM1 and SM2 smooth muscle myosin heavy chains differ at their respective carboxyl termini by 43 versus 9 unique amino acids. To determine whether these tailpieces affect filament assembly, SM1 and SM2 myosins, the rod region of these myosin isoforms, and a rod with no tailpiece (tailless), were expressed in Sf 9 cells. Paracrystals formed from SM1 and SM2 rod fragments showed different modes of molecular packing, indicating that the tailpieces can influence filament structure. The SM2 rod was less able to assemble into stable filaments than either SM1 or the tailless rods. Expressed full-length SM1 and SM2 myosins showed solubility differences comparable to the rods, establishing the validity of the latter as a model for filament assembly. Formation of homodimers of SM1 and SM2 rods was favored over the heterodimer in cells coinfected with both viruses, compared with mixtures of the two heavy chains renatured in vitro. These results demonstrate for the first time that the smooth muscle myosin tailpieces differentially affect filament assembly, and suggest that homogeneous thick filaments containing SM1 or SM2 myosin could serve distinct functions within smooth muscle cells.
Quality of life, characteristics and survival of patients with HIV and lymphoma

We sought to compare the quality of life (QOL), characteristics, and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Using the population-based cancer registry for Orange and San Diego Counties, We recruited 50 patients with HIV and systemic NHL (cases) and 50 age, sex and race-matched NHL patients without HIV (controls) diagnosed with NHL during 2002–2006. Patients completed a medical history survey and QOL instrument, the Functional Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (FAHI) for cases and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT G) for controls. HIV-infected patients had worse overall QOL and survival than uninfected patients. QOL differences were more marked in the areas of functional, physical and social well-being than in the area of emotional well-being. HIV-infected patients had lower income and were less likely to have private insurance and more likely to have diffuse large B cell histology than uninfected patients. HIV-infected NHL patients had worse QOL and survival than uninfected patients, due to a combination of co-morbidity, aggressive histology and lack of social support. However, their emotional well-being was comparable to that of uninfected NHL patients and better than historical norms for the HIV-infected.
Beyond Interests, Ideas, and Technology: An Institutional Approach to Communication and Information Policy

This article examines the theoretical assumptions generally used in communication and information policy studies, and suggests that more attention to the institutional determinants of public policies is needed. The first part discusses three alternative theoretical approaches: the interest-group approach, the ideological approach, and the technology-centered approach. The second part outlines the conceptual tools of the new institutionalism approach and discusses its application for the study of regime change in telecoms and media. The third part presents an abbreviated example of such application to the case of U.S. spectrum policies and the licensing of digital broadcasting. The conclusion suggests new directions for research aimed at broadening the set of social actors participating in the global governance of new technologies.