cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-analytical study of the optical properties of rainbow and sheen obsidians

Samples of Mexican obsidian that exhibit either “sheen” or “rainbow” optical properties were examined with a combination of EMP, SEM, TEM, as well as visible and IR spectroscopy. Electron-microprobe analyses of the sheen matrix give (in wt.%): 76.2 SiO_2, 0.2 TiO_2, 11.6 Al_2O_3, 2.2 FeO_(TOT), 0.07 MgO, 0.1 CaO, 4.8 Na_2O and 4.4 K_2O. The sheen is attributed to the presence of aligned flow-stretched hollow vesicles in the gemological literature. SEM images show that many of the flow-aligned lenticular areas are a second rhyolite glass with, on average, 74.6 SiO_2, 0.2 TiO_2, 12.7 Al_2O_3, 2.1 FeO_(TOT), 0.1 MgO, 0.9 CaO, 5.6 Na_2O and 4.6 K_2O. These two compositions do not overlap at the 2σ level. Their inferred indices of refraction differ by as much as 0.04, leading to optical interference along the elliptical interfaces of the two glasses. Thus we postulate that the sheen reflects differences in indices of refraction (η) between the matrix obsidian and the lower η of either gas-filled or glass-filled vesicles. In our sample, the presence of the second glass probably correlates with incorporation (and remelting?) of fragments of an earlier rhyolitic ash or tuff. Two different types of Mexican rainbow obsidian were studied. The first has layers of numerous trachytically oriented rods (0.2–2 by 10–20 μm) of hedenbergite (Ca_(0.88)Mg_(0.07)Fe_(0.98)Mn_(0.06)Si_(2.01)O_6). The composition of the matrix is: 76.3 SiO_2, 12.5 Al_2O_3, 1.7 FeO_(TOT), 0.01 MgO, 0.16 CaO, 4.4 Na_2O and 4.6 K_2O. The second type has trachytically aligned plagioclase (~An_(20)), also rod-shaped (as small as 0.5 × 2.0 μm). The composition of the matrix is: 76.1 SiO_2, 13.5 Al_2O_3, 0.7 FeO_(TOT), 0.09 MgO, 0.7 CaO, 3.75 Na_2O and 4.85 K_2O. Multiple hypotheses are considered for the possible cause of the rainbow effects: gas or fluid inclusions, a small component of scattering centers, differential indices of refraction, Bragg diffraction of visible light, and thin-film interference. Our data support the last hypothesis.
“Is That All There Is?” Possible Selves, Self-Change, and Weight Loss:

Possible selves typically are conceptualized as resources that facilitate identity development and that motivate and sustain self-change. The concept of possible selves, however, generally has not been extended to examining the aftermath of personal transformation. In this article I explore the self and social processes that operate during efforts to validate possible selves after self-change is complete. Using data gathered during in-depth qualitative interviews with 46 respondents who sustained weight loss over time, I analyze the role of possible selves in efforts to maintain intentional self-change. Findings show that many possible selves associated with weight loss are not fulfilled, and that the gap between potential and actual selves must be negotiated before persons can consider their weight loss both “successful” and “complete.” This gap is bridged by drawing on structural and cultural resources found within processes of self-verification and identity control and in the revision of personal narra...
Graduate Students on Campus: Needs and Implications for College Counselors.

Graduate students compose an important segment of university and college populations. However, institutions of higher education often have not addressed adequately their status as adult students with different developmental and life issues and concerns. This article defines and describes the needs of graduate students, discusses implications, and makes recommendations for college counselors to more effectively address their range of needs.
Co-expression of urokinase with haptoglobin in human carcinomas.

Background We have shown that colon and breast cancer contains large amounts of urokinase (uPA), and that these cells are the actual sites of its synthesis. We isolated a large complex molecule consisting of the β-chain of uPA, both chains of haptoglobin (Hp), and part or all of an NCAM-like molecule. The question arose whether it would be possible to show the presence of Hp in the same cells where uPA was found. Materials and methods Human colon and breast adenocarcinomas were investigated for expression of Hp and uPA by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify the cells of origin of these antigens. Results Hp was expressed in 8 of 11 colon adenocarcinomas, and in 10 of 12 breast tumors. uPA was demonstrable on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of all 11 colon adenocarcinomas studied, and cytoplasmic uPA-mRNA was found in all cases. While uPA was also detected in some stromal and inflammatory cells, Hp was present abundantly in such cells, as well as in capillary endothelial cells. Hp-mRNA was also found in both colon and breast tumors wherever the antigens were expressed. Conclusions uPA and Hp are produced by the cancer cells and are not taken up by stromal elements. While the role of uPA in the malignant process is well documented, that of Hp is largely unexplored. Its ubiquity, shown here, suggests that it is also involved in some aspects of that process.
Design and testing of spacecraft power systems using VTB

A study is presented on the design and testing of spacecraft power systems using the virtual test bed (VTB). The interdisciplinary components such as solar array and battery systems were first modeled in native VTB format and validated by experiment data. The shunt regulator and battery charge controller were designed in Simulink according to the system requirements and imported to VTB. Two spacecraft power systems were then designed and tested together with the control systems.
Selective management of abdominal stab wounds

Summary An analysis of 369 patients with abdominal stab wounds treated under a policy which permitted selective management is presented. One hundred twenty-one patients (33 per cent) were not operated upon and all recovered. Two hundred forty-eight patients (66 per cent) underwent celiotomy and six died. Approximately half of those operated upon had visceral injury requiring repair. Initial abdominal examination proved very reliable in assessing the need for operation while x-ray and laboratory studies were of little value in this regard. Mortality was not increased by selective management, and morbidity and hospitalization were reduced.
Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography

Objective This study performed volumetric analysis and classified different repeated patterns of temporal bone pneumatization in adults using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Study Design A total of 155 temporal bones were retrospectively evaluated from 78 patients with no radiographic evidence of pathology. Two reference structures were used to classify temporal bone pneumatization into 3 groups. Volumetric analysis of the pneumatization was performed using a window thresholding procedure on multiplanar CBCT images. Correlation between direct communication of peritubal cells with the eustachian tube and the degree of pneumatization was also assessed. Results Using 2 reference structures, pneumatization pattern in the temporal bone can be classified into 3 groups. Statistically significant differences were present in their mean volumes between 3 groups. Statistically significant correlation was found between degree of pneumatization and presence of peritubal cells associated with ET. Conclusions This study showed that CBCT can be effectively used for imaging temporal bone air cavities and for volumetric assessment.
The Effects of Three-Body Scattering on Differential Reflectivity Signatures

Abstract Effects of three-body scattering on reflectivity signatures at S and C bands can be seen on the back side of large reflectivity storm cores that contain hail. The fingerlike protrusions of elevated reflectivity have been termed flare echoes or “hail spikes.” Three-body scattering occurs when radiation from the radar scattered toward the ground is scattered back to hydrometeors, which then scatter some of the radiation back to the radar. Three-body scatter typically causes differential reflectivity to be very high at high elevations and to be negative at lower elevations at the rear of the storm core. This paper describes a model that can simulate the essential features of the three-body scattering that has been observed in hailstorms. The model also shows that three-body scatter can significantly affect the polarimetric ZDR (differential reflectivity) radar signatures in hailshafts at very low elevation and thus is a possible explanation of the frequently reported negative ZDR signatures in hails...
Choice of Health-Care Service Utilization by the Elderly in Delta State of Nigeria

The choice of Health-Care utilization, generally, is determined by a number of factors including nearness to Health Care Facility and Belief System. This study specifically examines factors that influence the choice of Health-Care system by the elderly. Data for this study were collected from a sample of 180 rural households utilizing the Multi S tage Stratified Random Sampling Technique. The descriptive method was used. Results show that a number of factors such as distance from Health Care Facility, Belief System, Quality of Health service received and finance were important determinants of choice of Health Care System utilized by the elderly . This finding has implications for public policies relating to the health needs of the elderly which hitherto concentrated on the structure and physical availability of health facilities.
Teaching Culture and Language through the Multiple Intelligences Film Teaching Model in the ESL/EFL Classroom.

This paper will demonstrate how to enhance second language (L2) learners’ linguistic and cultural competencies through the use of the Multiple Intelligences Film Teaching (MIFT) model. The paper will introduce two ideas to teachers of English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL). First, the paper shows how L2 learners learn linguistic and cultural competencies by responding to teachers’ interactional feedback. Second, the presentation presents how Multiple Intelligences (MI) activities can encourage L2 learners’ motivation to acquire these competencies when responding to the interactional feedback. Third, the paper also illustrates how to construct MIFT model based on the theories of interactive feedback, noticing the gap and Multiple Intelligence. Last, examples will be presented sharing how to use the MIFT model through the incorporation of MI activities, such as reader’s theater, role play, read aloud, oral presentation, task-based activity, process writing, and journal writing.
Effects of Body Size and Melanism on the Thermal Biology of Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Abstract Both color (i.e., reflectance) and body size should influence body temperature in heliothermic ectotherms. We compared heating rates and equilibrium temperatures between the normal striped morph and the solid black melanistic morph of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, from polymorphic populations in the Lake Erie region. Snakes ranging in mass from 2.6–216.2 g were divided into three size classes (small, medium, and large). Using temperature-sensitive PIT tags, we tested pairs of snakes under artificial light in an environmental chamber, then used curvilinear regressions to estimate heating rate and equilibrium temperature. In small and medium-sized snakes, we found no difference in heating rate nor equilibrium temperature between morphs, suggesting that melanism does not provide a thermal advantage in young snakes. In large snakes, morph affected equilibrium temperature, but not heating rate. Melanistics averaged 1.3 C warmer than striped snakes. This difference may represent a thermal adva...
The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences Helping the Poor, But at What Price?

The preferential market access given by the United States to most developing countries through the Generalized System of Preferences yields real benefits for the covered countries and for U.S. consumers and firms importing the goods. Americans save hundreds of millions of dollars a year from duty-free imports, and many poor people abroad have benefited from preferential access to a rich market.Against these benefits, Congress must consider the significant costs of unilateral preference programs — to the preference recipients themselves, to excluded developing countries, and to the world trading system in general — when the program expires at the end of this year.Product exclusions, import limits that are triggered just when an exporter becomes successful, outdated eligibility criteria, and complex administrative and customs requirements all serve to limit the usefulness of the program to the ostensible beneficiaries and to U.S. consumers. Trade preferences distort markets and discourage unilateral and multilateral trade liberalization: when beneficiary countries concentrate their efforts in preserving their preferential access rather than becoming competitive, it undermines efforts for multilateral trade liberalization and keeps them beholden to artificial arrangements and the whims of rich-country politicians.The United States should not abandon its efforts to bring down global trade barriers through multilateral trade talks. In the meantime, however, unilateral reform is within reach. The expiration of the GSP at the end of 2010 provides a timely opportunity for the United States to correct the most egregious of the GSP's limitations and to move toward opening the U.S. market on a permanent and nondiscriminatory basis. That is surely the best way to encourage a more open, free, and prosperous global economy.
Supreme Court Review; Analysis: Badly Fractured Decisions Muddy Cases on Venue

Commentary and analysis of five decisions rendered by the Supreme Court during its 1989-90 Term. The article discusses the Court’s opinions in Burnham v. Superior Court of California; Carden v. Arkoma Associates; Tafflin v. Levitt; Howlett v. Rose; and Ferens v. John Deere. In Burnham, the Court unanimously upheld the exercise of personl jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant by a California state court based on the concept of tag jurisdiction. But, the Justices fragmented in a series of 4-4-1 opinions, issuing a badly fractured series of concurrences. While Justice Scalia argued on behalf of the ancient doctrine of transient jurisdiction, Justice Brennan counter-argued that all assertions of personal jurisdiction must be evaluated against due process minimum contacts jurisprudence after Shaffer v. Heitner. In Carden, the Court held that a federal court must look to the citizenship of all a partnership’s limited and general partners in determining the existence of diversity jurisdiction. In Tafflin, the Court resolved a conflict among the circuit courts concerning whether state courts could exert concurrent jurisdiction over civil RICO claims, requiring federal abstention in deference to state court jurisdiction. The court held that there is nothing in RICO’s explicit language to oust state courts of RICO jurisdiction, a conclusion supported by the statute’s legislative history. In Howlett, a unanimous Court chastised a Florida court for applying a state sovereign immunity defense to dismiss a federal civil rights action brought against a local school board, The court held that states as well as federal courts have jurisdiction over federal civil rights claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. And in Ferens, the Court extended the rule in Van Dusen v. Barrack – pertaining to application law after a transfer of venue – to plaintiff-initiated transfer. The Court held that in cases in which a plaintiff transfers a case to another federal court, that court must apply the law of the transferor court.
Does other people's education make us less happy?

Abstract A growing body of literature suggests that the extent to which people feel happy with their lives depends, at least partially, on how they compare to those around them. Much of this literature, however, has focused on the relative effect of income on happiness while other factors such as education, marriage, or leisure have received less attention. In this study, I extend this line of inquiry by investigating how individuals’ level of education, as well as the average level of education of their reference group, influences their happiness. Using longitudinal data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, I find that, even after controlling for an individual's own education, higher reference group education is associated with lower levels of happiness. More educated people, however, are found to be less affected by social comparison. The panel nature of the HILDA dataset, and additional tests, indicate that the negative association between happiness and reference group education is not driven by people's (changing) interpretations of the happiness scale, self-selection, or the income of their reference group. Additional robustness tests show that the results are not sensitive to variations in the definition of a reference group.
Effect of fatty acids on chick encephalomalacia.

SummaryCorn oil or lard from which tocopherol had been removed, promoted chick encephalomalacia, whereas coconut oil, butter, linseed oil, and cod liver oil did not produce symptoms, and olive oil had a questionable effect. Dietary combinations of 2% corn oil with either 8% coconut oil, lauric acid, myristic acid, or a mixture of saturated fatty acids like coconut oil significantly increased the incidence of encephalomalacia over 2% corn oil alone, while 6% linseed oil, cod liver oil, or oleic acid inhibited the effect of 4% corn oil. Olive oil, butter, fatty acids like butter, palmitic acid, and stearic acid had no net effects upon the incidence of encephalomalacia induced by corn oil. The intake of linoleic acid appears to be a primary factor in the etiology of encephalomalacia, but some of the other fatty acids may secondarily increase or decrease this effect.
On Proofs for the Existence of God

fully in terms of whether they are convincing, persuasive, cogent, etc.; those predicates are person-relative and are circumstance-rela tive as well. There are no arguments for any conclusion which could reason ably be expected to be convincing, persuasive or cogent for everyone or even anyone, regardless of the circumstances in which they are encountered. An argument will prove its conclusion if it is sound, epistemologically straightforward (with premises epistemically prior to the conclusion), and has premises which are affirmatively decidable through philosophical analysis. Whether a given argu ment constitutes a proof or not can vary from time to time, de pending upon the state of what is known by the community of scholars. So we are not able to give a useful analysis of what it is for an argument to prove its conclusion; though we do know what it is for an argument to prove its conclusion to so and so; but 'being a proof*, in general, is not a function of the number of persons for which an argument serves as a proof. It appears rather that, whether a sound argument is a proof or not depends primarily upon the status its premises hold within the body of human "scien tific" knowledge at the time. 2. When we talk about proving the existence of God, we ought to be aware of the pragmatic inconsequentiality of good over bad arguments. In general, arguments have little or no effect on whether a person takes up, gives up or continues his belief or disbelief in the
CAPACITANCE STUDIES OF METASTABLE DEFECT CREATION IN HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON.

We have studied the light induced instability problem in hydrogenated amorphous silicon using junction capacitance techniques. These techniques are used to examine specific changes in the density of gap states, and occupation of gap states, for undoped a-Si:H samples after light saturation and for a series of partial anneal “states” which culminate in the original dark annealed state (state A). We find that the observed changes in the metastable occupied and unoccupied defects contradict the Si-Si bond breaking model and indicate at least two defect creation processes. In several samples we also find clear evidence that the metastable defect distribution near midgap has a slightly different energy distribution than the stable deep state (dangling bond) distribution. At the same time, these results seem to be qualitatively consistent with many aspects of recent ESR and optical absorption studies of metastable defect creation. We discuss these findings in terms of alternative possible microscopic models for metastable effects in a-Si:H.
Reproductive Capacity of Laboratory-Reared Gypsy Moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Effect of Age of Female at Time of Mating

The reproductive potential of laboratory-reared gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), was studied as a function of female age at time of mating. The parameters studied were number of eggs produced, number of eggs deposited, mating, sperm transfer, egg viability, and female longevity. Delayed mating did not affect female longevity, but all other factors decreased with increased age at time of mating. With increasing age, females were less likely to mate or receive a full complement of sperm than females exposed to males within the first few days after eclosion. Females that oviposited before being placed with males were less likely to mate than those that had not. For females receiving a full complement of sperm, the number of eggs produced, the number laid, and egg viability decreased with increasing age of the female at mating. Overall, a delay in mating of 3-5 d reduced the reproductive potential of females from 40 to 90% of that of females mated within the first 36 h.
Biogeochemistry of trace elements in a coastal plain estuary: Distribution of manganese, iron, and zinc in sediments, water, and polychaetous worms

The distribution of manganese, iron, and zinc in sediments, water, and in six species of polychaetous worms is described for the Newport River estuary near Beaufort, North Carolina. Concentrations of manganese, iron, and zinc in 0.1 N HCl extracts of sediment samples collected monthly from three stations for 2 years varied with element, location, time, and sediment type. At each station, iron was the most abudant element present in the 0.1 N HCl extracts and zinc was the least abundant. The concentrations of all three elements in the sediments decreased in a seaward direction. There were definite temporal fluctuations in the concentration of these metals in the sediment, although no seasonal trend was evident. In addition, muddy sediments contained higher concentrations of trace metals than sandy sediments.
The effect of preservation method on the neutral detergent soluble fraction of forages.

Fermentation of neutral detergent solubles (NDS) was assessed using a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. Three forage species (alfalfa, bromegrass, and orchardgrass) were collected at three maturities and preserved either by freeze drying, oven drying at 50 degrees C, or by ensiling. Each feed sample and its isolated NDF were fermented in vitro and gas production was monitored. Gas yield from NDS was determined as the difference between gas from the unfractionated forage and from its respective NDF. The forages ranged from 23 (immature alfalfa) to 68% NDF (mature orchardgrass). The silages were well fermented with a final pH of < or = 4.5. Increasing maturity decreased the final gas volume but did not change the rate of gas production from the NDS fraction. There was little difference in gas production between freeze-dried and oven-dried forage samples. Ensiling decreased gas yield from the unfractionated forage. The rate of gas production from the NDS fraction of the ensiled forages decreased an average of .05 h-1 compared with the freeze-dried sample. Gas yield from the NDS fraction decreased (from the freeze-dried sample) between 7 and 36% upon ensiling. The curve substraction approach can be used to evaluate the effects of ensiling on the neutral detergent-soluble fraction of forages.
Allosteric coupling between transition metal-binding sites in homooligomeric metal sensor proteins.

Intracellular concentrations of transition metal ions are controlled at the transcriptional level by a panel of metalloregulatory proteins that collectively allow the cell to respond to changes in bioavailable metal concentration to elicit the appropriate cellular response, e.g., upregulation of genes coding for metal export or detoxification proteins in the event of metal excess. These proteins represent a specialized class of allosteric regulators that are ideal for studying ligand-mediated allostery in a comprehensive way due to the size, stability, reactivity, and the spectroscopic properties of transition metal ions as allosteric ligands. In addition to the commonly studied heterotropic regulation of metal binding and DNA binding, many of these proteins exhibit homotropic allostery, i.e., communication between two or more identical metal (ligand) binding sites on an oligomer. This chapter aims to guide the reader through the design and execution of experiments that allow quantification of the thermodynamic driving forces (ΔG (C), ΔH (C), and ΔS (C)) that govern both homotropic and heterotropic allosteric interactions in metal sensor proteins as well as the steps required to remove the influence of complex speciation from the measured parameter values.
Scopolamine for Management of Extrapyramidal Side Effects as a Result of Antipsychotic Medication Use: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature.

To the Editor: Clinicians prescribe antimuscarinic compounds to treat the extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic medications. However, scopolamine has not been used for the management of such side effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of using scopolamine transdermal patch for management of extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medications.
Phylogenetics of characters and groups, and the classification of taxa

But I must explain my meaning more fully. I believe that the arrangement of the groups within each class, in due subordination and relation to the other groups, must be strictly genealogical in order to be natural; but that the amount of differences in the several branches or groups, though allied in the same degree in blood to their common progenitor, may differ greatly, being due to the different degrees of modification which they have undergone; and this is expressed by the forms being ranked under different genera, families, sections, and orders. Darwin (1859, p. 420; [italics are Darwin's]) The great objection against the account… is that he has not tried to distinguish more clearly between more or less primitive characters and therefore he has been unable to use the characters for tracing phylogeny. Winge (1941, p. 298; written between 1887–1917) Advocates of pure morphology continue to maintain that nothing – absolutely nothing whatsoever – occurs as a legitimate premise in an inference about the history of life on earth, other than shared attributes of individual specimens. Of course they are not consistent nor are they a monolithic faction. But to be consistent they have to make some very strong claims. They must exclude attributes that are predicated, not of organisms but of populations … They must rule out considerations of chorology (distribution in time and space), of function in the sense of how things work, and of such contextual information as niche and habitat. […]
The Loss of Grief: Science and Pseudoscience in the Debate over DSM-5’s Elimination of the Bereavement Exclusion

Was the DSM-5 revision process based on careful evaluation of scientific evidence, as the DSM-5 Task Force repeatedly claimed? The counterfeit of science is pseudoscience, the systematic motivated deviation from basic canons of rational scientific evaluation of evidence to create the false appearance of scientific support for a favored hypothesis. In this chapter, I consider the arguments that were used to support the DSM-5’s controversial decision to eliminate the bereavement exclusion (BE) to major depressive disorder (MDD). I consider three central arguments: that the BE had to be eliminated for reasons of consistency; that the BE excluded cases from MDD that would respond to treatment; and that the BE leads to missing suicidal cases. The analysis reveals forms of rhetoric by which the question at issue was obfuscated or misconstrued, and the scientific evidence sidelined, rendered impotent, or outmaneuvered to make it seem to support elimination, despite strong evidence to the contrary. I conclude that the arguments for elimination of the BE were largely pseudoscientific and the BE’s elimination unwarranted by the evidence.
Susan Celniker: Foundational Resources to Study a Dynamic Genome

![][1] The Genetics Society of America’s George W. Beadle Award honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers and who exemplify the qualities of its namesake. The 2016 recipient, Susan E. Celniker, played a key role in the
New cyclopoid copepod (Thermocyclops crassus) reported in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract The cyclopoid copepod Thermocyclops crassus, native to Eurasia and Africa, was detected at two sites in the western basin of Lake Erie in August 2014. T. crassus was subsequently detected in samples collected from two sites in western Lake Erie in August 2015 and four sites in August 2016. Densities of adult T. crassus remained relatively low but increased each year, averaging 1.3 individuals/m 3 in 2014, 12.8 individuals/m 3 in 2015, and 35.5 individuals/m 3 in 2016. The only other documented occurrence of T. crassus in either the United States or Canada has been in Lake Champlain's Missisquoi Bay in 1991. This is the first finding of an exotic species introduced into the Laurentian Great Lakes since the discovery of Hemimysis anomala in Lake Michigan in 2006.
Biomechanically influenced mobile and participatory pedestrian data for bridge monitoring

Future structural health monitoring systems are evolving toward crowdsourced, autonomous, sustainable forms based on which damage-indicative structural features can be identified. Unlike convention...
Hedging Translation Exposure

Exchange rates used in translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries may depreciate or appreciate substantially over a given accounting period. Short of net zero exposures on a currency-by-currency basis, such fluctuations in exchange rates will generally result in considerable exchange losses (gains) that will clearly play havoc with what might otherwise be a smooth income stream from foreign operations. Translation losses will also reduce shareholders’ equity and therefore impact the debt-equity ratio of the firm. As the leverage ratio deteriorates, the firm will find its cost of debt financing increasing and/or its access to financial markets restricted.
Withdrawal, attachment security, and recovery from conflict in couple relationships:

This study used 115 cohabiting couple partners’ 21-day diaries, with which they reported each evening on their moods and their relationships, to test hypotheses about connections between withdrawal...
Do Southern Ocean Cloud Feedbacks Matter for 21st Century Warming

Cloud phase improvements in a state-of-the-art climate model produce a large 1.5 K increase in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS, the surface warming in response to instantaneously doubled CO2) via extratropical shortwave cloud feedbacks. Here we show that the same model improvements produce only a small surface warming increase in a realistic 21st century emissions scenario. The small 21st century warming increase is attributed to extratropical ocean heat uptake. Southern Ocean mean-state circulation takes up heat while a slowdown in North Atlantic circulation acts as a feedback to slow surface warming. Persistent heat uptake by extratropical oceans implies that extratropical cloud biases may not be as important to 21st century warming as biases in other regions. Observational constraints on cloud phase and shortwave radiation that produce a large ECS increase do not imply large changes in 21st century warming.
On the super Mumford form in the presence of Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz punctures

Abstract We generalize the result of Voronov (1988) to give an expression for the super Mumford form μ on the moduli spaces of super Riemann surfaces with Ramond and Neveu–Schwarz punctures. In the Ramond case we take the number of punctures to be large compared to the genus. We consider for the case of Neveu–Schwarz punctures the super Mumford form over the component of the moduli space corresponding to an odd spin structure. The super Mumford form μ can be used to create a measure whose integral computes scattering amplitudes of superstring theory. We express μ in terms of local bases of H 0 ( X , ω j ) for ω the Berezinian line bundle of a family of super Riemann surfaces.
Can small smart swappable battery EVs outperform gas powertrain economics

This paper presents a traffic simulation model to explore an alternative to the EV industry bet for “large battery packs” (i.e. tens of kwh) which continues to suffer from two fundamental lethal flaws that prevent it from getting a significant penetration as compared to gasoline vehicles: range anxiety and unused battery life sunk costs. The model integrates driver roaming decisions, infrastructure layout, and battery pack characteristics to study the performance of a different system approach that could lead to EVs being significantly cheaper than ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles, simply by using what we call “smart small swappable batteries (SSSB)”. The basic idea behind our conjecture is to use small (on the order of 10kwh or less) and cheap packs and to swap them as often as possible so that the per mile cost falls below current gasoline price levels while the approach has neither of the two flaws above.
BALLOON SPLITTING OF ANTERIOR MITRAL VALVE LEAFLET TO PREVENT LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT OBSTRUCTION IN TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (MVR) carries the risk of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction due to long anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL), septal hypertrophy or small ventricle. A 78-year-old male, history of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, CABG
Health Behavior Research

It would seem obvious that health behavior research is relevant to the training and practice of physicians. One might expect that a case need not be made for its relevancy and that the literature would substantiate the thesis. Interestingly, a search of the literature between 1985 and 1995 reveals no documentation of such claims or experiences. A case can be made for its importance by acknowledging some parameters.
Gendered Implications of Olympic and the Paralympic Events

This introductory chapter contains a brief background to women’s participation in the Olympic Games and the role of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), a description of my underlying theory of Gendered Critical Discourse Analysis (GCDA), a review of the literature relative to events in which female Olympians and Paralympians participate, and a listing of some “firsts” in the field.
How to Translate Self-Management Support Tools Into Clinical Practice

Purpose Patient self-management is an inevitable part of the work of being a patient, and self-management support (SMS) has become increasingly important in chronic disease management. However, the majority of SMS resources available in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality SMS Resource Library were developed without explicit collaboration between clinicians and patients. Methods Translation of SMS tools derived from the library into primary care practices occurred utilizing boot camp translation in four different practice-based research networks (PBRNs). The typical model of boot camp translation was adapted for the purpose of the Implementing Networks' Self-management Tools Through Engaging Patients and Practices (INSTTEPP) study to develop SMS tools for implementation in the participating practices. Clinicians, clinic staff members, and patients were involved throughout the translation process. Existing resources from the SMS library were reviewed and adapted by each boot camp translation group to create tools unique to the patients in each network. Results There was no preexisting resource within the library that was deemed suitable for implementation without modification. Each network adapted tools from the SMS library to create different products. Common themes emerged from each network's translation process that highlighted the importance of patient engagement in the translation process. Boot camp translation, in conjunction with PBRNs, can be implemented to adapt SMS tools for implementation in member practices. Conclusions Boot camp translation with a combination of practices and patients can be implemented to facilitate a process of local adaptation that improves the local applicability of SMS tools in primary care clinics.
Oocyte-Secreted Factors Synergize With FSH to Promote Aromatase Expression in Primary Human Cumulus Cells.

Context The role of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on aromatase regulation is poorly understood in humans. Objective Determine GDF9 and BMP15 effects on FSH stimulation of estradiol production in primary human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). We hypothesized that the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potentiates FSH-induced aromatase expression. Design Primary human cumulus GCs in culture. Setting University infertility center. Patients or other participants GCs of 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization were collected. Interventions Cells were treated with GDF9 and/or BMP15 (GB) in the presence or absence of FSH, dibutyryl cAMP, or SMAD inhibitors. Main outcome measures Promoter activity, mRNA, protein, and estradiol levels were quantified. Results FSH and GB treatment increased CYP19A1 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels as well as estradiol when compared with cells treated with FSH only. GB treatment potentiated cAMP stimulation of aromatase and IGF2 stimulation by FSH. GB effects were inhibited by SMAD3 inhibitors and IGF1 receptor inhibitors. GB, but not FSH, stimulates SMAD3 phosphorylation. Conclusion The combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potently stimulates the effect of FSH and cAMP on CYP19a1 promoter activity and mRNA/protein levels. These effects translate into an increase in estradiol production. This potentiation seems to occur through activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD3 signaling pathway and involves, at least in part, the effect of the IGF system.
The Perception Approach: Level of Observer Variability Rating and Fusion Diagnoses

Abstract Diagnostic uncertainty is a problem faced daily in clinical medicine. This uncertainty has many guises, such as vague wording in reports or pseudo-exact statements. High rates of intra- and interobserver variability and a corresponding low level of reproducibility are, unfortunately, issues that have to be taken into consideration in many medical fields. We hypothesise that the level of observer variability can be predicted in specific situations during the on-going assessment/diagnostic process and that the application of a communication concept based on Fusion Diagnoses might lead to improved patient treatment. A Fusion Diagnosis consists of the diagnosis itself combined with the estimated Level of Observer Variability (LOV) of the diagnostic process which is evaluated by the individual decision-maker during the on-going assessment process stated in parenthesis. Currently, the “Perceived Difficulty” of the investigator in a three-tiered grading system might be the most promising approach for the operationalisation of the LOV in the diagnostic process (D1 = easy to assess, D2 = average, D3 = difficult to assess). An example of a diagnosis according to this concept could be: Dysplastic Nevus (D3). Based on this concept, standardized clinical decision pathways could be investigated and developed. Studies would have to provide data about rational decisions in relation to the estimated LOV. For example, data might reveal that “ST-elevation myocardial infarction (D3)” as well as “no ECG abnormalities (D3)” are necessary indications for an immediate consultation of a colleague in the setting of suspected myocardial ischaemia. The concept is hypothetical and critical aspects, like over- and underestimation and the calibration of the physician, are likely limiting the benefit. Nevertheless, we assume that the suggested pragmatic concept might lead to superior patient treatment in specific fields.
THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR USING MITRACLIP

The prognostic impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) on patients (pts) with severe mitral regurgitation undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip has not been investigated and that is what we aimed to evaluate. We queried the National Inpatient Sample database (NIS) and
Improving Computer Science Instruction and Computer Use for African American Secondary School Students: A Focus Group Exploration of Computer Science Identity of African American Teachers

As the demand for computing careers increases, it is important to implement strategies to broaden the participation in computer science for African Americans. Computer science courses and academic pathways are not always offered in secondary schools. Many teachers are not trained in computer science, yet are pushed to incorporate more computing, computational thinking, and computer usage. A qualitative focus group study was implemented to assess the computer science identities of African American teachers and of their respective urban secondary schools serving African American students. Three major codes were identified: district administration of computer and computing implementation, teacher attitudes towards computer science instruction, and teachers' recommendations to improve computer science and computational thinking instruction and outreach for African American secondary school students. Findings can be used to improve computer science and technology rollout programs from county and district administrations, teacher instruction with digital tools, and computer science outreach for African American secondary school students.
Flat epithelial atypia and the risk of sampling error: Determining the value of excision after image-guided core-needle biopsy.

Abstract Background We determined the sampling error rate of flat epithelial atypia (FEA) and evaluated current guidelines recommending excisional biopsy. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive excisional biopsies after image-guided core-needle biopsy identified patients with isolated FEA diagnosed between 2014 and 2018. Clinical and pathologic parameters were evaluated. Results Twenty-five women with 27 biopsies were included. Based on pathologic review of original core specimens, 44.4% (N = 12) were accurately diagnosed as FEA. Upon excision, lesions were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ (N = 2) or invasive ductal carcinoma (N = 1) in 11.1% of cases. Older age, black race, hormone replacement, and calcifications in the image-guided biopsy specimen were associated with the presence of high-risk or malignant lesions in the excisional biopsy (all p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions In this study, FEA was frequently overcalled. However, lesions suspicious for FEA warrant excision due to their association with malignancy or high-risk lesions, which may necessitate further surgical management and/or risk-reducing strategies.
Novel Electronic Behavior Driving NdNiO 3 Metal-Insulator Transition

We present evidence that the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a tensile-strained NdNiO3 (NNO) film is facilitated by a redistribution of electronic density and that it neither requires Ni charge disproportionation nor a symmetry change [U. Staub et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 126402 (2002); R. Jaramillo et al., Nat. Phys. 10, 304 (2014)]. Given that epitaxial tensile strain in thin NNO films induces preferential occupancy of the e(g) d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital we propose that the larger transfer integral of this orbital state with the O 2p orbital state mediates a redistribution of electronic density from the Ni atom. A decrease in the Ni d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital occupation is directly observed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering below the MIT temperature. Furthermore, an increase in the Nd charge occupancy is measured by x-ray absorption at the Nd L(3) edge. Both spin-orbit coupling and crystal field effects combine to break the degeneracy of the Nd 5d states, shifting the energy of the Nd e(g) d(x(2)-y(2)) orbit towards the Fermi level, allowing the A site to become an active acceptor during the MIT. This work identifies the relocation of electrons from the Ni 3d to the Nd 5d orbitals across the MIT. We propose that the insulating gap opens between the Ni 3d and O 2p states, resulting from Ni 3d electron localization. The transition seems to be neither a purely Mott-Hubbard transition nor a simple charge transfer.
LLC Default Rules Are Hazardous to Member Liquidity

This article is based on the author’s Keynote Address at the 2019 LLC Institute sponsored by the American Bar Association’s Business Law Section. It traces and critiques the shift in the default rules in LLC law away from partnership law and toward corporate law, using the Uniform LLC Acts of 1996 and 2006 as exemplars of the national trend. It focuses on two key issues: the removal of liquidity rights, both the right to dissolve and the right to be bought out, and the removal of easy access to member remedies. It argues that, on both key issues, the default rules have moved away from enforcing the presumed intent of small groups of entrepreneurs who form businesses without the benefit of counsel. By forming LLCs, entrepreneurs across the country are now unwittingly locking themselves in to perpetual entities that offer them no liquidity and present them with costly procedural obstacles to enforcing both their rights under the operating agreement and their statutory rights.
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image processing

ISAR is a form of range-Doppler imaging in which object motion is used to form an image. An account is presently given of the use of laser radar to conduct ambiguity function-like (AFL) and subaperture AFL (SAFL) imaging with all-digital processing. Attention is given to waveform resolution and ambiguities, SAFL image samples, the application of correlation-mixing 'stretch processing', and a plausible design for a heterodyne receiver and generic waveform processor for all-digital stretch processing.
The Justices’ Words: The Relationship between Majority and Separate Opinions

Majority and separate opinions reflect the justices’ deliberations and strategic decision-making. As justices try to shape the legal outcome, private disagreements during the opinion-writing proces...
Reflux Nephropathy and Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux in children may be associated with abnormalities of the renal parenchyma. The goals of this chapter are to define (1) what these parenchymal abnormalities are histologically, (2) what their etiologies are thought to be, (3) how they are identified, and 4. what their long-term clinical impact may be. The categories of renal lesions are recognized, renal dysplasia and post-infection, chronic pyelonephritis. The diagnostic gold standard is microscopic evaluation of biopsy specimens but renal scintigraphy can also be used in the diagnosis of renal dysplasia versus chronic pyelonephritis. Potential long-term sequelae of reflux nephropathy include hypertension and renal insufficiency although these are felt to occur rarely.