cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Administration Theory and the "Soft" State

The role of the judicial branch in legitimizing federal executive power is a necessary part of the discussion about public administration and the state. One of its central roles in our governmental system is to reconcile or legitimize the administrative state as part of our constitu tional system of governance. During the 1960s and 1970s, federal courts handed down a series of decisions that shaped federal agency proce dures for rulemaking and adjudication. These cases expanded existing avenues of participation for advocacy groups representing consumer rights, worker safety, and protection of endangered species, among other values. Farina (1997) explains the "interest representation" model of constitutional legitimacy in this way: "It conceives of the ideal ad ministrative process as a perfected legislative process, in which all af fected interests will be heard by the agency and reasonably accommodated" (p. 179). The theory of the state reflected by the interest representation model is consistent with the vision of civil association, especially its concern for resolving conflicts among the particular ends of individuals and groups participating in the administrative process. In recent years, how ever, the U.S. Supreme Court has adopted a different model, attribut ing legitimacy to the president as head of a major political branch of the government. Farina points out in her analysis of recent cases that the U.S. Supreme Court has moved away from the interest representation model in two important ways. The new model?what some legal analysts call the "theory of the unitary executive"?grants deference to the statutory interpretations of administrative agencies because they report to the chief executive. The second step clinches executive control by associating the president with an undifferentiated public interest in enforcing the law: Through the President's exercise of his constitutional responsibility, agencies take their place within the constitutional design. Through him "We, the People" control the bureaucracy. Thus, the theory of the Chief Executive serves simultaneously as an opportunity to le
Enriching Online Classroom Communication with Collaborative Multi-Modal Annotations

In massive open online courses, peer discussion is a scalable solution for offering interactive and engaging learning experiences to a large number of students. On the other hand, the quality of communication mediated through online discussion tools, such as discussion forums, is far less expressive than that of face-to-face communication. As a solution, I present RichReview, a multi-modal annotation system through which distant students can exchange ideas using versatile combinations of voice, text, and pointing gestures. A series of lab and deployment studies of RichReview promised that the expressive multimedia mixture and lightweight audio browsing feature help students better understand commentators? intention. For the large-scale deployment, I redesigned RichReview as a web applet in edX?s courseware framework. By deploying the system at scale, I will investigate (1) the optimal group assignment scheme that maximizes overall diversities of group members, (2) educational data mining applications based on user-generated rich discussion data, and (3) the impact of the rich discussion to students? retention of knowledge. Throughout these studies, I will argue that a multi-modal anchored digital document annotation system enables rich online peer discussion at scale.
Experimental Evidence of the Goodness of Seniority in j=9/2 Orbits

The goodness of the seniority quantum number in the g9/2, h9/2, and 2g9/2 shell model orbits has been investigated by checking the mixing of the (9/2)3j=9/2 v=l and the (9/2)3 j=9/2 v=3 states. This mixing is calculated to be less than 1/10 of one percent. An upper limit of 3% on this mixing in the g9/2 orbit has been set by 92Mo(4He,t)93Tc and 92Mo(3He,d)93Tc reactions. A residual interaction which exactly preserves seniority is seen to give two-body matrix elements which have a r.m.s. deviation from the experimental spectra of less than 16 keV for the present cases.
Prehospital Notification and En Route Labs Draw for Acute Ischemic Stroke Reduces the Door to Decision Making Time (IN7-1.004)

OBJECTIVE: To check the effectiveness of Prehospital Notification and en route labs draw for Acute Ischemic Stroke(AS) on Door to Decision making time. BACKGROUND: NINDS trial showed that IV tPA improves functional outcome but therapy is limited by time passed. Protocols should be developed to minimize the delay at any step possible. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively investigated door to decision making time for AS cases with EMS notification and en route lab draw and compared with cases without notification and lab draw. RESULTS: Between July 2009 and August 2012, EMS transported 401 patients with AS/TIA to our stroke center. Out of 401 patients, 341 patients arrived with pre-hospital notification. Among patients who arrived with pre-hospital notification, 89% patients received NIHSS within 5 minutes of arrival. In 67% of patients, AS team was present before arrival of the patients. These patients followed ED stroke algorithm that included, NIHSS, review of CT scan and labs, discussion with patient, family and stroke team attending. 91% of these patients received medical decision making: IV thrombolytic, catheter based reperfusion or neither within 40 minutes (average 38.5 minutes) from the door time. Out of 56 patients who received IV Thrombolytic, en route Blood draw was performed in 12 patients leading to a door to needle time of less than 30 minutes compared to average 38.5 minutes. The en-route lab draw reduced the door to lab interpretation time by 12.5 minutes. In 60 patients without pre hospital notification, decision making time was longer than 50 minutes (average 52.5). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that prehospital notification significantly reduces the door to decision making time due to efficient utilization of stroke team, CT scanner and laboratory services. En route Blood draw further helped to reduce the door to needle time by significant reduction in door to lab interpretation time. Disclosure: Dr. Ruff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uppal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sandhu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Beezley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nanda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose.
Subdirect decompositions of finite commutative semigroups

The Ponizovskii decomposition of a finite commutative semigroup yields all shortest elementary subdirect decompositions of that semigroup.
Prediabetic living kidney donors have preserved kidney function at 10 years after donation.

Background Potential living kidney donors with prediabetes are often excluded from donation because of concerns about the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This strategy may be unnecessarily restrictive. Previous studies of living kidney donors have not specifically examined subsets with prediabetes. Methods We ascertained the vital status and development of ESRD in 143 living kidney donors from 1994 to 2007 with predonation impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We then compared the development of DM, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the level of albumin excretion in 45 of these IFG donors to 45 matched controls with normal predonation fasting glucose. Results The majority (57.8%) of IFG donors had reverted to normal fasting glucose at a mean follow-up of 10.4 years. Compared with donors with normal fasting glucose, a higher proportion of IFG donors had developed DM (15.56% vs. 2.2%, P=0.06). Predonation characteristics including age, sex, and body mass index did not correlate with the risk of developing DM. At follow- up, estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (70.7±16.1 mL/min/1.73 m vs. 67.3±16.6 mL/min/1.73 m, P=0.21) and albumin excretion (urine albumin/ creatinine 9.76±23.6 mg/g vs. 5.91±11 mg/g, P=0.29) were similar in IFG and normal glucose donors. Conclusion Carefully screened prediabetic living kidney donors often revert to normal fasting glucose and do not seem to have a significantly increased risk of impaired kidney function in the short term.
Influence of particle size on persistence and clearance of aerosolized silver nanoparticles in the rat lung.

The growing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products raises concerns about potential health effects. This study investigated the persistence and clearance of 2 different size AgNPs (20 and 110 nm) delivered to rats by single nose-only aerosol exposures (6 h) of 7.2 and 5.4 mg/m 3 , respectively. Rat lung tissue was assessed for silver accumulations using inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), autometallography, and enhanced dark field microscopy. Involvement of tissue macrophages was assessed by scoring of silver staining in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Silver was abundant in most macrophages at 1 day post-exposure. The group exposed to 20 nm AgNP had the greatest number of silver positive BALF macrophages at 56 days post-exposure. While there was a significant decrease in the amount of silver in lung tissue at 56 days post-exposure compared with 1 day following exposure, at least 33% of the initial delivered dose was still present for both AgNPs. Regardless of particle size, silver was predominantly localized within the terminal bronchial/alveolar duct junction region of the lung associated with extracellular matrix and within epithelial cells. Inhalation of both 20 and 110 nm AgNPs resulted in a persistence of silver in the lung at 56 days post-exposure and local deposition as well as accumulation of silver at the terminal bronchiole alveolar duct junction. Further the smaller particles, 20 nm AgNP, produced a greater silver burden in BALF macrophages as well as greater persistence of silver positive macrophages at later timepoints (21 and 56 days).
Results of the Cross-Cultural Study

This chapter deals with the design and execution of the cross-cultural analyses. It describes the analytic procedures used, presents the results of the analyses, and interprets the findings. A brief review of the relevant information from the last chapter will provide a helpful context.
Report of the United Nations Independent Expert on the Question of Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: The Human Rights Based Approach to Recovery from the Global Economic and Financial Crises

In the present report, the United Nations Independent Expert sets out the parameters of a human rights-based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a particular focus on the most vulnerable and marginalized groups. The report urges States to see recovery from the crises as an opportunity for change, a chance to rectify deeply ingrained poverty and social exclusion, restore social cohesion and lay the foundations for more equitable, sustainable societies. The report first identifies the human rights framework that States must comply with when designing recovery measures. The report notes that, while States have discretion to adopt policy measures according to their own context, human rights are not dispensable during times of economic hardship, and States must design and implement all policies according to their human rights obligations. The report analyses a number of recovery measures from a human rights perspective, highlighting their potential to threaten the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. Then it recommends measures that States should consider taking to facilitate a human rights-based recovery from the crises. These innovative measures will assist States in moving as effectively and efficiently as possible towards the full realization of economic, social and cultural rights. By adopting policies that have at their heart the realization of human rights, States can ensure a swifter, more sustainable and inclusive recovery.
Access of Tunisian Fruits and Vegetables to the EU Market: Potential Impacts of the Revision of the Entry Price System

ABSTRACTAgricultural trade flows worldwide continue to be subject to country restrictions of a tariff and non-tariff nature. This is more so in the case of fruits and vegetables in view of their multiplicity. This hinders the exports of these products, which is an important objective sought by the economy of Tunisia. This article simulates the potential consequences of a possible opening up of the European market borders on fruits and vegetables coming from Tunisia and the rest of the world (ROW), following alternative tariff reduction schemes of the entry price mechanism practiced by the EU, particularly in its ad-valorem duty. The analysis uses a partial equilibrium model that takes into consideration economic aspects related to the exports of these products, regardless of their interactions with other agricultural commodities. The model is composed of a series of behavioral equations describing excess demand and supply of fruits and vegetables of all trading partners and attempts to simulate “internati...
Giant-cell tumor of bone; current status of problems in diagnosis and treatment.

The uncertainty that still prevails in many quarters as to what should properly be regarded as giant-cell tumor of bone (stripped of its spurious variants) has had the effect of vitiating most of the contributions to the literature of the past ten years. This confusion must be dispelled before reports in regard to the efficacy of treatment, by one method or another, are to have much significance. To this end, the writer has outlined some of the pertinent advances of the past decade concerning the clinical and pathological features of genuine giant-cell tumor and of certain other lesions which are frequently mistaken for it. The necessity for establishing accurate pathological diagnosis before instituting treatment, whether surgical or irradiation, has again been emphasized. In regard to therapy, the writer has tried to survey some of the specific problems entailed in the treatment, by either method, of a giant-cell tumor that is approached for the first time, and of one that has already recurred after treatment. Significant progress in the solution of these problems can only come about through the effective planning, possibly through the agency of a giant-cell-tumor registry, of well controlled, long-range clinical experiments that alone can supply the data upon which a sound therapeutic program must eventually be based.
Abstract 2150: Alternative treatment strategies to overcome MAPK inhibitor resistance in melanoma

Inhibitors of the BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway have promise in the treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma and other MAPK activated cancers. Treatment of metastatic melanoma patients with the combination of RAF + MEK inhibitor has extended progression free survival over single agent therapy. However, in a large subset of patients, resistance invariably develops. Most clinical models show reactivation of the MAPK pathway in resistant samples, suggesting further downregulation of MAPK signaling might be beneficial. Therefore, we took BRAF mutant melanoma grown to resistance by continuous culture in dabrafenib plus trametinib (RAF + MEK inhibitor) or SCH772984 (ERK inhibitor), and treated them with a triple combination of RAF+MEK+ERK inhibitors. We found cells resistant to RAF+MEK inhibitors were cross-resistant to ERK inhibitor, but sensitive to RAF+MEK+ERK inhibitors. Conversely, cells resistant to the ERK inhibitor were cross-resistant to RAF+MEK inhibitor, but sensitive to the triple combination. However, given the possible deleterious side effects of a triple combination in patients, we explored whether alternative dosing and timing strategies could delay development of resistance. We compared chronic dosing of RAF+MEK or ERK inhibitors to weekly exposures alternating between RAF+MEK and ERK inhibitors. This alternative dosing strategy delayed development of resistance in vitro over chronic dosing, while also resulting in a slower proliferation rate in resistant cells. In addition, cells exposed to a higher dose of inhibitor for a shorter period of time was equivalent to chronic exposure. These studies suggest that alternative dosing strategies (other than chronic exposure) may prevent development of resistance, and allow for treatment of patients with higher order combinations and less side effects. Citation Format: Eva Goetz, Bokang Rabasha, Levi Garraway. Alternative treatment strategies to overcome MAPK inhibitor resistance in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2150.
The legacy of david hume for american public administration: empiricism, scepticism, and constitutionalism

This paper examines the ideas of David Hume and their importance to American public administration writing and practice. Hume’s ideas on empiricism, scepticism, and constitutionalism have indirectly, via their impact on modern philosophy, encouraged both support for and criticism of empiricist approaches in public administration. Also, Hume’s ideas on constitutionalism, because of their influence on the Founders' writings and design, provide an important legacy for the practice of public administration. The paper argues that Hume’s notion of mitigated scepticism, as well as his constitutional ideas, have continuing relevance for the study and practice of contemporary public administration. This paper examines the ideas of David Hume and their importance to American public administration writing and practice. Hume’s ideas on empiricism, scepticism, and constitutionalism have indirectly, via their impact on modern philosophy, encouraged both support for and criticism of empiricist approaches in public administration. Also, Hume’s ideas on constitutionalism, because of their influence on the Founders' writings and design, provide an important legacy for the practice of public administration. The paper argues that Hume’s notion of mitigated scepticism, as well as his constitutional ideas, have continuing relevance for the study and practice of contemporary public administration. This paper examines the ideas of David Hume and their importance to American public administration writing and practice. Hume’s ideas on empiricism, scepticism, and constitutionalism have indirectly, via their impact on modern philosophy, encouraged both support for and criticism of empiricist approaches in public administration. Also, Hume’s ideas on constitutionalism, because of their influence on the Founders' writings and design, provide an important legacy for the practice of public administration. The paper argues that Hume’s notion of mitigated scepticism, as well as his constitutional ideas, have continuing relevance for the study and practice of contemporary public administration. This paper examines the ideas of David Hume and their importance to American public administration writing and practice. Hume’s ideas on empiricism, scepticism, and constitutionalism have indirectly, via their impact on modern philosophy, encouraged both support for and criticism of empiricist approaches in public administration. Also, Hume’s ideas on constitutionalism, because of their influence on the Founders' writings and design, provide an important legacy for the practice of public administration. The paper argues that Hume’s notion of mitigated scepticism, as well as his constitutional ideas, have continuing relevance for the study and practice of contemporary public administration.
Preliminary statistical assessment towards characterization of biobotic control

Biobotic research involving neurostimulation of instrumented insects to control their locomotion is finding potential as an alternative solution towards development of centimeter-scale distributed swarm robotics. To improve the reliability of biobotic agents, their control mechanism needs to be precisely characterized. To achieve this goal, this paper presents our initial efforts for statistical assessment of the angular response of roach biobots to the applied bioelectrical stimulus. Subsequent findings can help to understand the effect of each stimulation parameter individually or collectively and eventually reach reliable and consistent biobotic control suitable for real life scenarios.
Effects of Dim Light at Night on Food Intake and Body Mass in Developing Mice.

Appropriately timed light is critical for circadian organization; exposure to dim light at night (dLAN) disrupts temporal organization of endogenous biological timing. Exposure to dLAN in adult mice is associated with elevated body mass and changes in metabolism putatively driven by voluntary changes in the time of food intake. We predicted that exposure of young mice to LAN could affect adult metabolic function. At 3 weeks (Experiment 1) or 5 weeks (Experiment 2) of age, mice were either maintained in standard light-dark (DARK) cycles or exposed to nightly dLAN (5 lux). In the first two experiments, food intake and locomotor activity were assessed after 4 weeks and a glucose tolerance test was administered after 6 weeks in experimental lighting conditions. In Experiment 3, tissues were collected around the clock at 6 hour intervals to investigate rhythmic hepatic clock gene expression in mice exposed to dLAN from 3 or 5 weeks of age. Male and female mice exposed to dLAN beginning at 3 weeks of age displayed similar growth rates and body mass to DARK-reared offspring, despite increasing day-time food intake. Exposure to dLAN beginning at 5 weeks of age increased body mass and daytime food intake in male, but not female, mice. Consistent with the body mass phenotype, clock gene expression was unaltered in the liver. In contrast to adults, dLAN exposure during the development of the peripheral circadian system has sex- and development-dependent effects on body mass gain.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis is Associated with Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction

Objective Preliminary data suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with early heart failure (HF). However, whether nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is directly associated with echocardiographic changes in cardiac structure or function remains unknown. Methods A retrospective cohort was identified of individuals (N = 65) without known heart disease, undergoing elective bariatric surgery with perioperative liver biopsy, and available recent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TTE measures were evaluated by NASH status using correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and linear regression, accounting for cardiometabolic factors. Results Median age was 47 years; 22% (n = 14) had NASH. NASH patients had increased median left atrial (LA) volume (28.6 mL/m2 vs. 24.8 mL/m2; P < 0.0001) and left ventricular (LV) mass (82.6 g/m2 vs. 78.6 g/m2; P < 0.0001), indexed for height. NASH was inversely correlated with indices of diastolic function, including septal E′ (r = −0.90 [95% CI: −1.21 to −0.42]; P = 0.020) and E:A (r = −0.31 [95% CI: −0.51 to −0.09]; P = 0.037). In adjusted analyses, NASH remained associated with increased LV mass index (s1 = 7.16 [SE: 4.95]; P = 0.001) and LA volume index (s1 = 0.19 [SE: 0.08]; P = 0.001) and reduced lateral and septal E′ (s1 = −0.91, P = 0.015; s1 = −0.89, P = 0.047, respectively). Conclusions In this bariatric cohort, NASH was associated with changes in myocardial structure and in load-dependent indices of LV diastolic function, suggestive of subclinical HF.
Prospects for the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates.

PURPOSE To review the role of monoclonal antibody constructs in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS The efficacy and tolerability of unmodified monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, and radioimmunoconjugates have been investigated in patients with hematologic B-cell malignancies. Response rates, durability of responses, and tolerability were the principal measures of treatment outcome. RESULTS Investigators from several institutions have documented response rates ranging from 25% to 95% in lymphoma patients suffering relapses who were treated with antibody constructs targeting the CD19, CD20, CD22, DR, or idiotypic immunoglobulin epitopes on malignant B-cell lymphomas. Chimeric anti-CD20 antibodies and 131I-labeled anti-CD20 antibodies appear particularly promising, producing response rates of 50% to 95%. Complete remissions (CRs) appear to be more frequent and durable with radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibodies (33% to 85% CR rate) than with unmodified chimeric anti-CD20 antibodies (6% to 10% CR rate), although a randomized comparison has not yet been made. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibodies provide promising new reagents for the treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Impressive response rates have been achieved in clinical trials using unmodified monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, and radioimmunoconjugates, although the durability of responses is still under scrutiny. Durability may be improved when the antibodies are used in conjunction with chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.
Supply-side effects from public insurance expansions: Evidence from physician labor markets.

Medicaid and the Child Health Insurance Programs (CHIP) are key sources of coverage for U.S. children. Established in 1997, CHIP allocated $40 billion of federal funds across the first 10 years but continued support required reauthorization. After 2 failed attempts in Congress, CHIP was finally reauthorized and significantly expanded in 2009. Although much is known about the demand-side policy effects, much less is understood about the policy's impact on providers. In this paper, we leverage a unique physician dataset to examine if and how pediatricians responded to the expansion of the public insurance program. We find that newly trained pediatricians are 8 percentage points more likely to subspecialize and as much as 17 percentage points more likely to enter private practice after the law passed. There is also suggestive evidence of greater private practice growth in more rural locations. The sharp supply-side changes that we observe indicate that expanding public insurance can have important spillover effects on provider training and practice choices.
Children's abilities to communicate with both parents in infancy were related to their social competence at the age of 15.

Aim Studies of children's early ability to communicate have mainly focused on mother-child dyads. That is why this study analysed the long-term effects of triadic interactions involving both parents. Method This prospective pilot study monitored child-mother-father communication in 19 families from the general population in Sweden using the standardised Lausanne Trilogue Play method in a video studio. The families and their first-born child were initially followed from three months to 48 months of age. Preschool teachers assessed the children at the age of four using the Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire and then their teachers assessed the subjects at the age of 15 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Early communication was analysed in relation to the children's social competence at the age of 15. Results The child's skills in initiating turn-taking sequences and their parents' responses to this correlated with the child's social competence at the age of four, as reported in a previous study from our group, and at the age of 15, as reported here. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that stimulating children's capacity to initiate turn-taking sequences in infancy improved their social competence at the age of 15, confirming positive results at four years of age.
Effect of calcium chloride infusion on the tenderness of lambs fed a beta-adrenergic agonist.

The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CaCl2 infusion in overcoming the toughness of meat associated with dietary administration of a beta- adrenergic agonist (BAA) to lambs. Thirty-two crossbred (1/2 Finnsheep X 1/4 Dorset X 1/4 Rambouillet) wether lambs were randomly assigned to receive 0 or 4 ppm BAA (L644,969; Merck, Sharpe and Dohme Research Laboratories) in a completely mixed, high-concentrate diet for 6 wk. Animals were slaughtered in two groups of 16. At each slaughter time half of each group (0 or 4 ppm BAA) was randomly assigned to CaCl2 infusion. Feeding the BAA decreased (P less than .05) fat thickness, kidney-pelvic fat, yield grade, and marbling and increased (P less than .05) dressing percentage, lean firmness, leg score, and biceps femoris weight. Weight of biceps femoris was 32.8% greater in BAA-fed lambs. Treated, but not infused, lambs were significantly less tender than control lambs after 1, 7, and 14 d of postmortem storage. At 24 h postmortem, BAA-fed lambs had higher (P less than .05) cathepsin B, calcium-dependent protease-II (CDP-II), and CDP inhibitor activities. Calcium chloride infusion increased marbling, decreased lean firmness, increased lean color score, and increased dressing percentage (P less than .05). Infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 decreased (P less than .05) shear force at all postmortem times. Infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 had no effect on cathepsins B and B + L activities, but it had a significant effect on CDP-I, CDP-II, and CDP inhibitor activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing of Head and Neck Cancers

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found in approximately 25% of head and neck cancers and in 70% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas have been found to have a distinctly better prognosis and outcome as compared to conventional squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, making the detection of HPV in these tumors integral to patient management. The most common HPV type found in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is HPV 16. Several different testing modalities have been validated for HPV testing on surgical pathology specimens, including p16 immunohistochemistry, HPV PCR, and in situ hybridization of HPV DNA or RNA. Current guidelines recommend HPV testing in all cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed on cytology when the HPV status is unknown and in squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary site. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies are increasingly used for diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which frequently present with a low tumor (T) but high nodal (N) stage, with involved cervical lymph nodes often being amenable to FNA biopsy. There is no specific recommendation for which testing modality to use on cytologic material; therefore, familiarity with these various testing options and their advantages and limitations is essential for the practicing cytopathologist.
Distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox for diagnostic cerebral angiography.

Background The transradial approach for endovascular angiography and interventional procedures is superior to the traditional transfemoral approach in several metrics, including lower access-site complication rates, higher patient satisfaction, and lower hospital costs. Interventional cardiologists have begun to adopt the distal transradial approach (dTRA) for coronary interventions as it has an improved safety profile and improved procedural ergonomics. Adaptation of dTRA for neuroendovascular procedures promises similar benefit, but requires a learning curve. Objective To report the first use of dTRA for diagnostic cerebral angiography and demonstrate the feasibility and safety of a dTRA. Methods A retrospective review of our prospective institutional database of consecutive cases of cerebral DSA performed via dTRA between August 2018 and December 2018 was performed. Patient demographics, procedural and radiographic metrics, and clinical data were recorded. Results 85 patients were identified with an average age of 53.8 years (range 18–82); 67 (78.8%) patients were female. 78 patients underwent successful dTRA diagnostic cerebral angiography, with a mean of five vessels catheterized and average fluoroscopy time of 12.0 min, or 2.6 min for each vessel. Seven patients required conversion to transfemoral access, with the most common reason being inability to advance the wire and radial artery spasm. There were no complications. Conclusion dTRA is associated with decreased rates of radial artery occlusion, ischemic hand events, as well as improved patient comfort, faster periprocedural management, and cost benefits. Our preliminary experience with dTRA for diagnostic cerebral angiography demonstrates excellent feasibility and safety in combination with relative efficiency.
Visual Interpretation of Convolutional Neural Network Predictions in Classifying Medical Image Modalities

Deep learning (DL) methods are increasingly being applied for developing reliable computer-aided detection (CADe), diagnosis (CADx), and information retrieval algorithms. However, challenges in interpreting and explaining the learned behavior of the DL models hinders their adoption and use in real-world systems. In this study, we propose a novel method called “Class-selective Relevance Mapping” (CRM) for localizing and visualizing discriminative regions of interest (ROI) within a medical image. Such visualizations offer improved explanation of the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DL model predictions. We demonstrate CRM effectiveness in classifying medical imaging modalities toward automatically labeling them for visual information retrieval applications. The CRM is based on linear sum of incremental mean squared errors (MSE) calculated at the output layer of the CNN model. It measures both positive and negative contributions of each spatial element in the feature maps produced from the last convolution layer leading to correct classification of an input image. A series of experiments on a “multi-modality” CNN model designed for classifying seven different types of image modalities shows that the proposed method is significantly better in detecting and localizing the discriminative ROIs than other state of the art class-activation methods. Further, to visualize its effectiveness we generate “class-specific” ROI maps by averaging the CRM scores of images in each modality class, and characterize the visual explanation through their different size, shape, and location for our multi-modality CNN model that achieved over 98% performance on a dataset constructed from publicly available images.
Laser damage testing of windows with anti-reflection structured surfaces for high power continuous-wave near-infrared laser applications

High power continuous-wave (CW) and high pulse energy laser optical systems can suffer damage from untreated optics due to undesirable Fresnel reflections. With high energy pulse lasers, traditional anti-reflection (AR) thin-film coated optics are susceptible to localized field enhancement regions, due to multiple boundaries, and experience laser induced damage on both entry and exit interfaces. Sub-wavelength anti-reflective structured surfaces (ARSS) have been shown to have a higher laser-induced damage threshold than traditional AR coatings. Previously published work detailed nanosecond-pulsed laser-induced damage on planar fused silica (FS) substrates with random ARSS (rARSS) treatment (λ=1064 nm). This study details and compares laser damage and fatigue testing of rARSS treated FS via continuous-wave, 2 kW irradiation (λ=1075 nm). Gaussian laser output was focused to ~ 60-μm-diameter (1/e2), to increase incident intensity, yielding a maximum power density of ~ 70.7 MW/cm2. Laser power and duration were controlled while monitoring the window’s optical transmission and entry/exit surface temperatures. CW durations at maximum power up to 5 min were used. Peak temperatures were recorded for untreated FS, as well as double side treated rARSS samples.
Wastewater infrastructure and the ecology and management of freshwater systems

Abstract Globally, freshwater resources are influenced by inputs of energy, nutrients, and pollutants from human wastewater. Local resource managers and policy-makers are tasked to address ecological and human-health concerns associated with aging and obsolete water infrastructure using limited financial resources. Nevertheless, there is limited information available describing how waste streams vary in their pollutant load or their subsequent effects on ecosystem structure and function in streams and rivers. Consequently, as wastewater systems degrade, local resource managers and policy makers are forced to develop watershed management strategies to deal with increasing effluent discharge without an understanding of how their decisions will influence local ecological processes or the structural and functional integrity of downstream habitats. Here, I discuss some of the ecological implications of obsolete or absent wastewater treatment, and describe how mismatches between the governance of wastewater management and watershed ecology may exacerbate environmental problems.
Twiddler's Syndrome.

Twiddler’s syndrome refers to a rare condition in which a pacemaker or automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) malfunctions due to coiling of the device in the skin pocket and resultant lead displacement. This image is the chest radiograph (CXR) of a 54-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with chest pain five months after his AICD was placed. The CXR shows AICD leads coiled around the device and the absence of leads in the ventricle consistent with Twiddler’s syndrome. Patients with twiddler’s syndrome should be admitted for operative intervention.
High-Dimensional Data Modeling Techniques for Detection of Chemical Plumes and Anomalies in Hyperspectral Images and Movies

We briefly review recent progress in techniques for modeling and analyzing hyperspectral images and movies, in particular for detecting plumes of both known and unknown chemicals. For detecting chemicals of known spectrum, we extend the technique of using a single subspace for modeling the background to a “mixture of subspaces” model to tackle more complicated background. Furthermore, we use partial least squares regression on a resampled training set to boost performance. For the detection of unknown chemicals, we view the problem as an anomaly detection problem and use novel estimators with low-sampled complexity for intrinsically low-dimensional data in high dimensions that enable us to model the “normal” spectra and detect anomalies. We apply these algorithms to benchmark datasets made available by the Automated Target Detection program cofunded by NSF, DTRA, and NGA, and compare, when applicable, to current state-of-the-art algorithms, with favorable results.
Effects of a corrective heel lift with an orthopaedic walking boot on joint mechanics and symmetry during gait

Abstract Background Orthopaedic walking boots are commonly prescribed following injury and surgery. The boot creates a leg length discrepancy which is thought to affect limb symmetry and gait mechanics. This study aimed to examine the effects of a corrective heel lift for the contralateral limb on the mechanics and symmetry of walking with an orthopaedic walking boot. Research question: Does a corrective heel lift reduce biomechanical alterations and asymmetries caused by an orthopaedic boot during gait? Methods Healthy males (n=17) walked with normal shoes (Shod), an orthopaedic boot (Boot), and a corrective heel lift on the contralateral limb to the boot (Lift). A 10-camera motion capture system (Vicon, 100Hz) and four force platforms (AMTI, 1000 Hz) recorded lower extremity biomechanics. Pairwise statistics tested for differences in hip and knee kinematics and kinetics, and a symmetry index quantified limb symmetry. Findings The Boot affected the sagittal and frontal plane hip mechanics and transverse plane knee mechanics (p Significance The Lift reduced some of the asymmetries introduced by the Boot, but also introduced new asymmetry in the hip frontal plane motion. The leg length discrepancy caused by the boot is probably not the only cause of altered gait mechanics. Prescribing a heel lift to a patient with an orthopaedic walking boot should be based on the individual patient’s needs.
Comparison of the Hemodynamic Response to Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Resulting from Acute Myocardial Infarction Versus Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) neither benefits nor harms patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (CS) but may stabilize those with chronic heart failure who decompensate into CS. We sought to compare its hemodynamic effects in these 2 populations. We performed a retrospective analysis of the hemodynamic effects of IABP for AMI or acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients with hemodynamic evidence of CS. The primary outcome was cardiac output (CO) change following insertion. In total, 205 patients were treated for CS resulting from AMI (73; 35.6%) or ADHF (132; 64.4%). At baseline, both cohorts had significant hemodynamic compromise with mean arterial pressure 75.6 ± 12.3 mm Hg, CO 3.02 ± 0.84 L/min, and cardiac power index 0.26 ± 0.06 W/m2; these parameters were nearly identical between groups though ADHF-CS patients had a higher pre-IABP mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure than AMI-CS patients. After IABP insertion, ADHF-CS patients had moderate CO augmentation whereas AMI-CS experienced almost no improvement (0.58 ± 0.79 L/min vs 0.12 ± 1.00 L/min; p = 0.0009). Intracardiac filling pressures were reduced by similar amounts in both cohorts. Systemic vascular resistance was reduced in patients with ADHF-CS but not in those with AMI-CS. In conclusion, following IABP insertion, ADHF-CS patients experience roughly a 5-fold greater CO augmentation compared with AMI-CS patients. Pre-IABP PA pressure differences and differential systemic vascular resistance reduction may explain these results and shed light on recent evidence supporting IABP use in ADHF-CS and curbing it in AMI-CS.
The Production of γG-Globulin by Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Immunocytologic Investigation of a Case

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with the excessive production of a monoclonal γG-globulin has been investigated by immunofluorescent technics. Gamma globulin was demonstrated within the cytoplasm of young and mature lymphocytes and these cells were interpreted as the cells of origin of the monoclonal protein. The finding of gamma globulin within the cytoplasm of mature small lymphocytes in the absence of any apparent morphologic relationship with the occasional plasma cells present was interpreted as indicating a population of gamma globulin forming cells distinct from plasma cells, and suggested that a small number of lymphocytes may also contribute to the formation of immunoglobulins under normal conditions. The distribution of the fluorescent lymphocytes in sharply defined small and large cells groups within a lymph node supports the concept of the clonal origin of single molecular species of gamma globulin.
From Shadow to Substance: The Federal Theology of the Particular Baptists 1642-1704

Samuel Renihan’s book, based on his PhD research under Henk Bakker, is a contribution to our understanding of the theological commitments of the English Particular Baptists in the seventeenth centu...
Cholinergic Phenotype of Septal Cell Lines

Degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well documented (Bowen et al., 1976; McGeer et al., 1984; Perry et al., 1987) and probably contributes to the memory loss characteristic of this disorder. In order to develop experimental approaches to study AD and to design treatment strategies, it would be useful to establish preparations of cells which derive from the basal forebrain and which express the cholinergic phenotype. Such preparations would also be beneficial in assessing the actions of new compounds on acetylcholine (ACh) storage and release as well as in elucidating the biochemical mechanism of drug action. Cholinergic cell lines offer such a model system because they are homogeneous, and permit easy analysis of a large variety of treatments in a well controlled environment. We have developed cell lines derived from fusion of the murine neuroblastoma cells, N18TG2 (which lack cholinergic markers), with postnatal day 21 mouse brain septal neurons (Lee et al., 1990). Here we describe some features of one such cell line, SN56.B5.G4, and show that these properties are similar to those characteristic of septal neurons.
Multi-component numerical simulation and experimental study of dendritic growth during solidification processing

Abstract A multi-component model was developed to simulate microstructure evolution during solidification of a quinary alloy system. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters including liquidus slope, partitioning coefficient, diffusion coefficient etc. as functions of temperature and solute concentration were obtained using CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) modeling. The effect of solute interactions on diffusion and dendrite growth velocity was fully considered in this model. The model was validated by mesh size convergence, and compared with a well-accepted analytical model. The new model was shown to successfully display solidification dendrites and solute redistributions of a quinary Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Mn alloy. The effect of different solute elements on solute diffusion and dendrite growth was analyzed. Additionally, various calculation domains and cooling rates of industrial importance were tested in the simulations. Directional solidification experiments were used for model validation in secondary dendrite arm spacing measurement and simulation. The validated relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rate in a complex quinary system confirmed the accuracy of this 3-D multi-component model, which provides a critical connection between solidification processing and mechanical property prediction in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) of solidification products.
Certain L2-norms on automorphic representations of SL(2)

Let $\Gamma$ be a non-uniform lattice in $SL(2, \mathbb R)$. In this paper, we study various $L^2$-norms of automorphic representations of $SL(2, \mathbb R)$. We will bound these norms with intrinsic norms defined on the representation. Comparison of these norms will help us understand the growth of $L$-functions in a systematic way.
Men's lacrosse protective equipment increases strain during exercise in the heat.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects of wearing men's lacrosse protective equipment during simulated lacrosse activities in the heat. Design We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Methods Thirteen healthy men (22 ± 3 y, 76.2 ± 8.9 kg, 181 ± 6 cm, 16.06 ± 6.16% body fat) completed two matched exercise trials in the heat (WBGT: 25.5 ± 0.8 °C). In randomized order, participants donned full men's lacrosse equipment (helmet, shoulder/elbow pads, and gloves) in one trial while the other included no equipment. Participants completed a topography body scan to determine specific body surface area covered with equipment. Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate (HR), and mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) were measured throughout trials. Whole body sweat rate was assessed for trial comparisons. Results The equipment covered 32.62 ± 2.53% body surface area in our participants. Post-exercise Tre was significantly greater with equipment (39.36 ± 0.04 °C) compared to control (38.98 ± 0.49 °C; p = .007). The overall rate of rise of Tre was significantly greater with equipment (0.043 ± 0.015 °C·min−1) compared to control (0.031 ± 0.008 °C min−1; p = .041). Regardless of time point, HR and Tsk were significantly elevated with equipment compared to control trial (p ≤ .026). Sweat rates were elevated with equipment (1.76 ± 0.74 L·h−1) compared to shorts and t-shirt (1.13 ± 0.26 L·h−1), but this difference was not significant (p = .058). Conclusions Our data indicate impairments in heat dissipation and increased cardiovascular strain imposed by men's lacrosse equipment.