cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling theorem for bandlimited Hardy space functions generated by Regge problem

Abstract The Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelʼnikov (WSK) sampling theorem provides a reconstruction formula for the Paley–Wiener class of bandlimited functions. It is known that the WSK sampling theorem can be obtained from a sampling theorem associated with a linear, self-adjoint, first order boundary-value problem. In the present paper, a generalization of the WSK sampling theorem is extended to the Hardy space of functions in the upper half-plane, H + 2 . A notion of bandlimitedness in H + 2 is defined and a sampling theorem for this class of bandlimited functions is obtained. Analogous to the Paley–Wiener class of bandlimited functions, which is the image under the Fourier transformation of functions with compact supports, the class of bandlimited functions in the Hardy space is the image of vector-functions with compact supports under an integral transformation, which realizes the incoming spectral representation in scattering theory. The boundary-value problem that generates the sampling points is of the second order and non-self-adjoint (the Regge problem). Its eigenvalues (the sampling points) are known in scattering theory as resonances and eigenfunctions are related to the resonance states. It is shown that the sampling points are complex numbers in the upper half-plane that are uniformly separated and symmetric with respect to the imaginary axis. One of the novelties of the paper is that it sheds light on a connection between three different subjects that do not seem to have much in common, i.e., sampling theorems, H p spaces, and the Lax–Phillips scattering theory.
Intramolecular cyclizations of α-ketoimidoyl halides derived from organic isonitriles. An expedient approach to the synthesis of 1-acyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines

Abstract Dihydroisoquinolines are formed in high yield via the cyclization of α-ketoimidoyl halides prepared by the reaction of phenethyl isocyanides with acyl halides.
Patellar tendon rupture. The importance of timely recognition and repair.

PreviewExtensor mechanism ruptures of the knee are not infrequent in young, active adults. Evaluation can be difficult, and the diagnosis is often missed on initial examination. Nevertheless, timely management is important, because a delay may complicate surgical repair and worsen the final outcome. This case report describes an infrapatellar tendon rupture in an athlete and discusses diagnostic clues and recommended treatment.
Mobile Commerce Applications in Supply Chain Management

Abstract As wireless technologies evolve, the coming mobile revolution will bring dramatic and fundamental changes to supply chain management. When complete, the revolution will impact numerous facets of organizational life. It will provide important data in real time to assist decision makers, exert great influence on the ways businesses communicate and develop relationships with consumers and suppliers, and ultimately transform the way we manage the supply chain. This paper examines issues in integrating mobile commerce and supply chain management. The paper discusses issues such as the absence of killer applications, mobile device limitations, networking problems, infrastructure constraints, security concerns, and user distrust in mobile applications. Research issues, such as usability, user interfaces, mobile access to databases, agent technologies, and mobile business models, are also discussed.
TH-C-213A-02: Preliminary Report On the Application of TG154 Recommendations in the Clinical Setting

Ultrasound(US)imaging is used in radiotherapy for soft tissue target localization. Its primary application is for prostate localization, but has an evolving role for breast and other treatment sites. Guidance regarding quality assurance of these systems is derived primarily from manufacturer recommendations which vary between systems. USimaging possesses characteristics that differentiate it from other radiotherapyimage‐guided localization techniques, including good soft tissue contrast, the absence of additional radiation risk and cost‐effectiveness. Image interpretation can be challenging due to limited penetration depth and imagenoise. The AAPM charged Task Group 154 to devise quality assurance recommendations for radiotherapyUS localization systems. Guidance regarding periodic quality assurance is provided in the report and will be presented. Emphasis is placed on spatial, mechanical and imagingquality assurance techniques. Recommendations regarding initial user training and ongoing competency credentialing are discussed, as well as practical usage issues that have the potential to improve image quality and localization accuracy. The evolution of the role that USimaging plays in radiotherapy localization is discussed in the context of other image‐guidance techniques, including kV imaging and gold seed markers. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the recommended periodic quality assurance procedures for US localization technologies. 2. Become familiar with the role of US localization in the context of other image‐guidance techniques. 3. Understand the importance and structure of user training programs.
Plastic surgery in the treatment of war casualties

Abstract 1. 1. The war casualty should receive the benefit of modern methods of reconstruction. The preliminary treatment of the casualty may determine to a large extent the outcome of later reconstruction. 2. 2. Facilities for postgraduate training in plastic surgery should be augmented to meet the demand for surgeons properly trained in this specialty. 3. 3. Conservation of tissue is important in care of wounds and compound fractures of the face. 4. 4. Early skin grafting is essential in the treatment of large deep burns. When possible a method of early local treatment should be used which will facilitate early grafting. 5. 5. Contracted scars should be relaxed by shifting flaps and skin grafts used only as an alternative. 6. 6. Immediate grafting of certain wounds should be considered as a means of preventing deformity and shortening the period of disability.
Reversible loss of hippocampal long term potentiation following electroconvulsive seizures

ONE of the most intriguing electrophysiological phenomena observed in the central nervous system is the persistent enhancement of an evoked synaptic response following brief trains of electrical stimuli. Within the hippocampus, evoked synaptic potentials can be doubled or tripled by tetanising stimulation, and such changes persist for hours to weeks1–6. Interest in the phenomenon of long term potentiation (LTP) stems from the generally held belief that synaptic plasticity of this sort may well be a physiological basis of information storage in the CNS. It is notable that this striking synaptic plasticity is observed in a structure which extensive clinical and experimental evidence suggests has a central role in information storage and/or retrieval7–11. Included in this evidence are numerous demonstrations that disrupting hippocampal activity by electrically induced epileptiform seizures also disrupts memory formation and/or retrieval12–15. In addition, the effectiveness of a variety of other treatments in disrupting behavioural plasticity seems closely related to their ability to elicit convulsive activity in the hippocampus16,17. We report here a series of experiments indicating that LTP established in the hippocampus can also be reversibly disrupted by the same kind of convulsive activity which disrupts memory functions. Specifically, we have produced LTP in the CA1 pyramidal cell synaptic field, disrupted it with electrically induced hippocampal seizures, and subsequently reinstated it with low frequency tetanic stimulation.
The Faculty Makeover: What Does It Mean for Students?

Contingent faculty members spend a greater proportion of their overall time teaching, but the preliminary evidence suggests that these appointees are less accessible to students, bring less scholarly authority to their jobs, and are less integrated into the campus culture.
An occupational justice perspective of domestic violence against women with disabilities

This article explores domestic violence against women with disabilities from an occupational justice perspective. Domestic violence against these women warrants special attention because they are abused at rates equal to or greater than women without disabilities and they experience disability‐specific forms of abuse. The discussion adds to the body of knowledge of domestic violence by analyzing the occupational imbalance, marginalization, deprivation and alienation that women with disabilities experience as instances of occupational injustice that ultimately undermine health. Domestic violence against women with disabilities is also posited as an appropriate issue to examine from this perspective because of the layered injustices experienced. Finally, empowerment is proposed as a strategy to address the issues identified.
Particle Populations—to balance or not to balance, that is the question!

In a powder, each particle is different and it is the distribution of the properties of the particles which distinguish one sample from another. A powder process that seeks to change the distribution in a controlled manner, and the necessary model which describes the change, is known as a population balance. The creation of such a model is essential to the design and control of processes such as grinding, crystallisation, and granulation. The basic ideas underlying population models were established at a time when the numerical capability to solve them was much less than it is today. In this perspective article, it is suggested that the population model should be simpler in concept but more ambitious in purpose if full advantage is to be gained from the modern computing capability.
An exchange heuristic imbedded with simulated annealing for due-dates job-shop scheduling

Abstract The generalized job shop scheduling (GJSS) problem with due dates is considered. Herein the objective is to minimize total job tardiness. An effective heuristic algorithm referred to as the Enhanced Exchange Heuristic Algorithm (EEHA) is presented for solving this type of problem. This algorithm integrates simulated annealing and the exchange heuristic algorithm by employing an insertion technique. It is shown that the algorithm is completed in polynomial time. Experimental results, generated over a range of shop sizes with different due date tightness, indicate that the proposed technique is competent to attain significant reductions in total tardiness in relation to initial schedules for relatively large-sized problems. Therefore, we would suggest that the approach presents an efficient scheduling alternative for this class of complex optimization problems.
Towards model-driven game engineering for serious educational games: Tailored use cases for game requirements

Educational games are essential in the next generation of e-learning tools because games stress visual and experiential learning; they require active involvement by student players while providing almost instantaneous feedback. The long term goal of this research project is to define a model-driven game engineering approach, SimSYS, that supports the rapid development of serious educational games across diverse educational topics. Here, we present our approach for modeling serious educational games, using tailored UML use cases (visual UML diagram and detailed tabular specifications). The tailored approach integrates features of storyboarding techniques (well-established in the game community), with use case modeling (well-established in the software engineering community). The use case model can be transformed into a formal XML representation that can be loaded by the SimSYS Game Play Engine. Part of a game on agile software development process is used for illustration.
Beat Frequencies Between Modes of a Concave-Mirror Optical Resonator

The beat frequencies between modes of an optical resonator with concave mirrors have been studied by the photomixing technique. Lasers operating on the 6328 A He–Ne transition were used. The results agree well with theory. Removal of degeneracy by resonator irregularities and mode repulsion effects have been observed. The technique of partially blocking the external laser beam in order to observe all the beat frequencies is pointed out.
One size does not fit all: multi-granularity search of web forums

Users rely increasingly on online forums, blogs, and mailing lists to exchange information, practical tips, and stories. Although this type of social interaction has become central to our daily lives and decision-making processes, forums are surprisingly technologically poor: often there is no choice but to browse through massive numbers of posts while looking for specific information. A critical challenge then for forum search is to provide results that are as complete as possible and that do not miss some relevant information but that are not too broad. In this paper, we address the problem of presenting textual search results in a concise manner to answer user needs. Specifically, we propose a new search approach over free-form text in forums that allows for the search results to be returned at varying granularity levels. We implement a novel hierarchical representation and scoring technique for objects at multiple granularities, taking into account the inherent containment relationship provided by the hierarchy. We also present a score optimization algorithm that efficiently chooses the best k-sized result set while ensuring no overlap between the results. We evaluate the effectiveness of multi-granularity search by conducting extensive user studies and show that a mixed granularity set of results is more relevant to users than standard post-only approaches.
Six degrees of jonathan grudin: a social network analysis of the evolution and impact of CSCW research

In this paper, we describe the evolution and impact of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) research through social network analysis of coauthorship data. A network of authors as nodes and shared papers as links is used to compare patterns of growth and collaboration in CSCW with other domains, such as high-energy physics and computer science. Further, the coauthorship network data are used to depict dynamic changes in the structure of CSCW collaborations over time. Examination of these changes shows high volatility in the composition of the CSCW research community over decade-long time spans. These data are augmented by a brief citation analysis of recent CSCW conferences. We discuss the implications of the CSCW findings in terms of the influence of CSCW research on the larger field of HCI research as well as the general utility of social network analysis for understanding patterns of collaboration.
The Muleteers of Miravet and their Social and Material Spacetime

In this paper I analyze the recollections of the former muleteers of Miravet (Catalonia, Spain) on what they marketed, how they marketed, to whom they marketed, and where and when they did so. The muleteers peddled their merchandise during roughly the first half of this century, a period in which Spain transformed from an agricultural society into an industrial one, and thus these recollections offer their perspective on this transformation. This perspective is brought out by a phenomenological focus on how these muleteers, by their practice of peddling, created and structured a spacetime consisting of dialectically related social relationships through which muleteers purchased and marketed their merchandise, and material characteristics of this merchandise.
A framework for constructing probability distributions on the space of image segmentations

Abstract The goal of traditional probabilistic approaches to image segmentation has been to derive a single, optimal segmentation, given statistical models for the image formation process. In this paper, we describe a new probabilistic approach to segmentation, in which the goal is to derive a set of plausible segmentation hypotheses and their corresponding probabilities. Because the space of possible image segmentations is too large to represent explicitly, we present a representation scheme that allows the implicit representation of large sets of segmentation hypotheses that have low probability. We then derive a probabilistic mechanism for applying Bayesian, model-based evidence to guide the construction of this representation. One key to our approach is a general Bayesian method for determining the posterior probability that the union of regions is homogeneous, given that the individual regions are homogeneous. This method does not rely on estimation and properly treats the issues involved when sample sets are small and estimation performance degrades. We present experimental results for both real and synthetic range data, obtained from objects composed of piecewise planar and implicit quadric patches.
RESPONSE TO CRITICS

First of all, we want to thank our three critics for the obvious care with which they prepared their comments. We wish we had these critiques before we published the book! We will begin our reply to their excellent criticisms with some remarks about what seem to come up as common themes, and then we will turn to some reactions to specific issues raised by each critic. Butler and Jones have challenged us to make some clarification of how our view differs from what we called “the standard view” in the book. In brief, we take what Butler has called the “two-way influence thesis” to be our claim that cognition and desire are interactive. The idea that cognitions can influence our desires is one that is already well represented in the literature. But even in accepting some form of this sort of influence, our own view seems to us to be significantly different from what we have found in the writings of at least some of the proponents of the standard view. We can perhaps see this difference more clearly by allowing one of its most forceful advocates to make the claim with which we disagree. So here is how Terry Penner puts his own understanding of how cognition influences desire:
The Response of the Feline Cerebral Circulation to PaCO2 during Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Halothane and during Sedation with Nitrous Oxide

The reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) caused by hypocapnia is an important element of neuroanesthetic techniques. While it has been demonstrated previously that the CO2 response of the cerebral circulation (CO2 X R) is enhanced (i.e., greater delta CBF/delta PaCO2) during halothane administration, the effect of isoflurane on CO2 X R has not been evaluated completely. Accordingly, the authors examined CO2 X R in cats during anesthesia with 1.0 MAC isoflurane (with 75% N2O) and compared it with CO2 X R during anesthesia with 1.0 MAC halothane (with 75% N2O) and with CO2 X R during the administration of 75% N2O alone. CO2 X R during anesthesia with isoflurane-N2O was enhanced relative to that observed during administration of both halothane-N2O (P less than 0.025) and N2O alone (P less than .001). CO2 X R during anesthesia with halothane-N2O was, in turn, greater than that observed during the administration of N2O alone (P less than 0.025). Furthermore, at similar levels of hypocapnia (PaCO2 18-20 mmHg), CBF was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) during administration of isoflurane-N2O (29.0 +/- 4.5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) than during administration of either N2O (40.6 +/- 5.5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) or halothane-N2O (39.6 +/- 7.8 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). CBF values during administration of the N2O alone and halothane-N2O were not different during hypocapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Far infrared spectra of 1-adamantanol, 1-adamantanamine and 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride torsional frequencies and barriers to internal rotation

Abstract The far i.r. spectra of dilute solutions with cyclohexane of some 1-substituted adamantanes, C 10 H 15 X where X = OH, OD, NH 2 and ND 2 have been recorded from 450-75 cm −1 . The OH, OD, NH 2 and ND 2 torsional vibrations are assigned to bands at 213, 164, 230 and 167-cm −1 , respectively. Barrier heights of 1.14 and 2.00 kcal mole are calculated for hydroxyl and amino group rotation, respectively. Far i.r. spectra from 650-100 cm −1 of solid 1-adamantanamine, 1-adamantanol, 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride and 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride-N- d 3 were also recorded at ambient temperatures. In the case of 1-adamantanamine the NH 2 torsion has the same frequency (230 cm −1 ) in the spectrum of a dilute solution with cyclohexane and in the spectrum of the solid. The NH 3 + and ND 3 + torsional vibrations are assigned to bands at ~490 and 345 cm −1 , respectively. V 3 is calculated to be 13 kcal mole for ammonium group rotation.
A Conceptual Model of Adaptive Knowledge-Based Systems

The ability to learn or adapt is widely recognized as one of the most prominent abilities of any animate or inanimate intelligent system. While considerable progress has been made in the science and technology of machine learning, little of that has been incorporated in traditional knowledge-based systems such as diagnostic or expert systems operating in a managerial environment. In this paper a conceptual model of an adaptive expert system is proposed as an attempt to lay a foundation for building knowledge-based systems that can learn by interacting with the environment. In contrast to existing models for learning such as for knowledge acquisition and skill refinement where the issue of noise and uncertainty is usually neglected, our model incorporates a stochastic environment and a learning response behavior which too is stochastic in nature.
“On Optimal Dividend Strategies in the Compound Poisson Model”, by Hans U. Gerber and Elias S. W. Shiu, April 2006

(2006). “On Optimal Dividend Strategies in the Compound Poisson Model”, by Hans U. Gerber and Elias S. W. Shiu, April 2006. North American Actuarial Journal: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 78-79.
Anti-entropy and the origin of initial conditions

Abstract On long time scales counter-entropy processes occur as undertows to an overall entropy increase. As time scales become shorter counter-entropy processes connected with thermal and then quantum fluctuations begin to play a role, especially in connection with ground state instabilities. Such processes are compatible with the second law of thermodynamics, but beg the question of the origin of information (since they are contingent on atypical conditions or on nonlinearities that depend on such conditions). On extremely short time scales, where vacuum fluctuations become violent, the self-consistency aspects of general relativity must be taken into consideration, due to the fact that the nonlinear relativistic and linear quantum models of acceleration come into conflict. It is argued that quantum models that are compatible with the self-consistency requirements of a gravity theory (using the fluctuon model as a prototype) allow for an anti-entropy process that does not depend on atypical initial conditions. In this picture the ground state of the universe is inherently unstable; the basin of attraction moves as it is approached. The model suggests that superpositional collapse and gravitational collapse are closely related .
Commercialization of Platform Technologies: Launch Timing and Versioning Strategy

Many emerging entrepreneurial applications and services connect two or more groups of users over Internet-based information technologies. Commercial success of such platform technology products requires adoption of astute business practices related to product line design, price discrimination, and launch timing. We examine these issues for a platform firm that serves two markets, labeled as user and developer markets, with the latter emerging after the user market is proven. While the size of each market positively impacts participation in the other, our model allows for uncertainty regarding developer participation. We demonstrate that product versioning is an especially attractive strategy for platform firms, i.e., the tradeoff between market size and margins is tilted in the direction of more versions. However, when expanding the product line carries substantial fixed costs (e.g., marketing cost, cost of additional plant, managing multiple sets of inventory, increased distribution cost) then the uncertainty in developer participation adversely impacts the firm’s ability to offer multiple versions. We show that for established firms with lower uncertainty about developer participation, the choice is essentially between an expanded or minimal product line. Startups and firms that are entering a new product category are more likely to benefit from a “wait and see” deferred expansion strategy. Still, we demonstrate that uncertainty in developer participation can make early expansion desirable because it expands the installed base and, with the consequent increase in developer participation levels, increases the long-term incremental gain from product line expansion.
Small-molecule inhibitors of DNA damage-repair pathways: an approach to overcome tumor resistance to alkylating anticancer drugs

A major challenge in the future development of cancer therapeutics is the identification of biological targets and pathways, and the subsequent design of molecules to combat the drug-resistant cells hiding in virtually all cancers. This therapeutic approach is justified based upon the limited advances in cancer cures over the past 30 years, despite the development of many novel chemotherapies and earlier detection, which often fail due to drug resistance. Among the various targets to overcome tumor resistance are the DNA repair systems that can reverse the cytotoxicity of many clinically used DNA-damaging agents. Some progress has already been made but much remains to be done. We explore some components of the DNA-repair process, which are involved in repair of alkylation damage of DNA, as targets for the development of novel and effective molecules designed to improve the efficacy of existing anticancer drugs.
Lattice Duality: The Origin of Probability and Entropy

Bayesian probability theory is an inference calculus, which originates from a generalization of inclusion on the Boolean lattice of logical assertions to a degree of inclusion represented by a real number. Dual to this lattice is the distributive lattice of questions constructed from the ordered set of down-sets of assertions, which forms the foundation of the calculus of inquiry-a generalization of information theory. In this paper we introduce this novel perspective on these spaces in which machine learning is performed and discuss the relationship between these results and several proposed generalizations of information theory in the literature.
Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics: a mass spectrometry tutorial from a computer scientist's point of view

For decades, mass spectrometry data has been analyzed to investigate a wide array of research interests, including disease diagnostics, biological and chemical theory, genomics, and drug development. Progress towards solving any of these disparate problems depends upon overcoming the common challenge of interpreting the large data sets generated. Despite interim successes, many data interpretation problems in mass spectrometry are still challenging. Further, though these challenges are inherently interdisciplinary in nature, the significant domain-specific knowledge gap between disciplines makes interdisciplinary contributions difficult. This paper provides an introduction to the burgeoning field of computational mass spectrometry. We illustrate key concepts, vocabulary, and open problems in MS-omics, as well as provide invaluable resources such as open data sets and key search terms and references. This paper will facilitate contributions from mathematicians, computer scientists, and statisticians to MS-omics that will fundamentally improve results over existing approaches and inform novel algorithmic solutions to open problems.
Pore-scale controls on calcite dissolution rates from flow-through laboratory and numerical experiments.

A combination of experimental, imaging, and modeling techniques were applied to investigate the pore-scale transport and surface reaction controls on calcite dissolution under elevated pCO2 conditions. The laboratory experiment consisted of the injection of a solution at 4 bar pCO2 into a capillary tube packed with crushed calcite. A high resolution pore-scale numerical model was used to simulate the experiment based on a computational domain consisting of reactive calcite, pore space, and the capillary wall constructed from volumetric X-ray microtomography images. Simulated pore-scale effluent concentrations were higher than those measured by a factor of 1.8, with the largest component of the discrepancy related to uncertainties in the reaction rate model and its parameters. However, part of the discrepancy was apparently due to mass transport limitations to reactive surfaces, which were most pronounced near the inlet where larger diffusive boundary layers formed around grains and in slow-flowing pore sp...
Sex differences and developmental effects of oxytocin on aggression and social behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Various hormones, including sex steroids and neuropeptides, have been implicated in aggression. In this study we examined (1) sex differences in intrasexual aggression in naive prairie voles; (2) the effects of developmental manipulations of oxytocin on intrasexual aggression; and (3) changes in patterns of intrasexual aggression after brief exposure to an animal of the opposite sex. Within 24 h of birth, infants were randomly assigned to receive either an injection of oxytocin (OT) or oxytocin antagonist (OTA) or to one of two control (CTL) groups receiving either isotonic saline or handling without injection. As adults, animals were tested twice in a neutral arena; before (Test 1) and 24 h after (Test 2) a 4-h exposure to an animal of the opposite sex. In Test 1, CTL males were more likely to show aggressive and less likely to show social behavior than CTL females. No significant treatment differences were observed within either sex in Test 1. In Test 2, after brief exposure to a male, females treated with OT became more aggressive and less social than OTA or CTL females. Male aggressive behavior did not change after exposure to a female. An increase in aggression and decline in social behavior toward other females, seen here in OT-treated females, is typically observed only following several days of female-male cohabitation. These findings demonstrate a sex difference in intrasexual aggression and suggest that neonatal exposure to OT may facilitate the onset of the mate-guarding component of pair bonding in female prairie voles.
Calculation of electric field and absorption distributions in thin film structures

Abstract It will be shown how, by s straightforward extension of the usual matrix formalism for the calculation of transmittance and reflectance of thin film optical structures, the internal electric field distribution can be calculated. Consideration of the energy flux then allows one to calculate the distribution of absorption in the structure. The effects of absorption are included without approximation so that there is no restriction on the nature of the substrate or of any of the thin film media. Absorbing dielectrics, semiconductors or metal layers are allowed. Examples will be given of the application of the theory to antireflection coatings, high reflectance mirrors and interference filters.
Physiological Basis of Myocardial Contrast Enhancement in Fast Magnetic Resonance Images of 2-Day-Old Reperfused Canine Infarcts

Background Contrast-enhanced fast magnetic resonance (MR) images of acute, reperfused human infarcts demonstrate regions of hypoenhancement and hyperenhancement. The relations between the spatial extent and time course of these enhancement patterns to myocardial risk, infarct, and no-reflow regions have not been well characterized. Methods and Results The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in 11 closed-chest dogs for 90 minutes followed by 2 days of reperfusion. Regional blood flow was determined by use of radioactive microspheres. The animals were studied at the 2-day time point with contrast-enhanced fast MRI (Signa 1.5 T, General Electric). Thioflavin-S was administered to demarcate no-reflow regions. The hearts were then excised, sectioned into five base-to-apex slices, stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and photographed under room light (for TTC) and ultraviolet light (for thioflavin). The spatial extents of thioflavin-negative, TTC-negative, and risk regions were compared planimetrically with MRI hypoenhanced and hyperenhanced regions. The spatial locations of subendocardial hypoenhancement in MR images correlated closely with those of thioflavin-negative regions. Microsphere blood flow in these regions was significantly reduced compared with remote regions (0.37±0.09 versus 0.88±0.10 mL/min per gram, respectively, P <.001) and with baseline (0.37±0.09 versus 0.87±0.15 mL/min per gram, P <.01). The spatial extent of hyperenhancement was smaller than the risk region ( r =.64, slope=0.48, P <.001) but highly correlated with TTC-negative regions and were, on average, 12% larger ( r =.93, slope=1.12, P =.035). Conclusions In contrast-enhanced MR images of 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts, myocardial regions of hypoenhancement are related to the no-reflow phenomenon. Approximately 90% of the myocardium within hyperenhanced regions is nonviable.
Memory, Money, and Status at Misenum: Three New Inscriptions from the Collegium of the Augustales

More than thirty years — a generation of man — have passed since the chance discovery in 1968 of what has been referred to since as the collegium of the Augustales at Misenum. In addition to statuary and architectural elements of exceptional interest, the excavations, which presented formidable technical problems, have yielded a rich epigraphical dossier pertaining to the local Augustales, and to political, social, economic, religious, and administrative aspects of their organization from the Julio-Claudian and late Flavian periods to the end of the Antonine age. One of these inscriptions has at last received appropriate scholarly attention; it both whets the appetite for more and reveals the inadequacies of the cursory accounts of the dossier published previously. Now that all the material recovered from the site has been transported to the Castello Aragonese di Baia, and is attractively displayed in the new Museo Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei, one dares to hope that the entire complex and its contents will soon receive the comprehensive archaeological and historical treatment that they so richly deserve.
Glucocorticoid regulation of vasopressin V1a receptors in rat forebrain.

Abstract Vasopressin V1a receptors (V1aRs) are expressed in the septum of the rat brain where they are thought to mediate several of the physiologic and behavioral effects of this neuropeptide. We have investigated the effects of adrenal steroids on forebrain V1aRs. Rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) and hormone replaced with either corticosterone (CORT), dexamethasone (DEX) or aldosterone (ALDO) at different concentrations. V1aR mRNA was evaluated using in situ hybridization, and V1aR binding site density was quantified using a specific iodinated V1aR antagonist [ 125 I]d(CH 2 ) 5 Sar 7 -AVP( 125 I-SAVP). V1aR density in the dorsolateral septum and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) decreased significantly with adrenalectomy, and 5 μg/100 g b.wt. of DEX was able to restore V1aR binding to levels comparable to those of sham operated controls in both regions. ALDO replacement also elevated V1aR binding in the BNST but not in the septum. In ADX animals given corticosterone in their drinking water, V1aR mRNA levels detected by in situ hybridization increased significantly over the ADX rats given saline. In order to understand the molecular basis of this effect, a putative genomic clone encoding the rat V1aR was isolated, and sequence analysis of the 5′ flanking region has revealed the presence of several putative glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Gel retardation assays were performed using these putative GREs, and two appear to be active in protein binding in glucocorticoid receptor containing nuclear extracts. The glucocorticoid effects on V1aR mRNA and binding, and the presence of putative active GREs in the promoter of the V1aR gene strongly implicate a role for adrenal steroids in the regulation of V1a receptor gene expression in glucocorticoid receptor and/or mineralocorticoid receptor expressing tissues.
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy Diagnosis and Treatment

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and some lower motor neuron syndromes are immune-mediated and treatable. These motor syndromes produce weakness that is typically distal and asymmetric, involves the arms early in the course of disease, and progresses slowly. Electrophysiologic abnormalities often include evidence of demyelination, especially focal conduction block, selectively on motor axons. High titers of serum IgM binding to GM1 ganglioside, alone or in a membrane environment, occur in 80-90% of patients with MMN. Treatments for MMN that commonly produce increased strength include IV human immune globulin (HIG) and cyclophosphamide. After an initial treatment with 2 g/kg of HIG, up to 80% of patients with MMN show short-term improvement. Long-term HIG treatment is useful in 60% of MMN patients and has few side effects but is costly. Intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment is effective in 70% of MMN patients but has significant toxicity, and is reserved for patients who have severe disease and do not respond adequately to HIG.
A PZT nanofiber composites sensor for structure health monitoring

A nanoscale active fiber composites (NAFCs) based acoustic emission (AE) sensor with high sensitivity is developed. The lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanofibers, with the diameter of approximately 80 nm, were electrospun on a silicon substrate. Nanofibers were parallel aligned on the substrate under a controlled electric field. The interdigitated electrodes were deposited on the PZT nanofibers and packaged by spinning a thin soft polymer layer on the top of the sensor. The hysteresis loop shows a typical ferroelectric property of as-spun PZT nanofibers. The mathematical model of the voltage generation when the elastic waves were reaching to sensor was studied. The sensor was tested by mounting on a steel surface and the measured output voltage under the periodic impact of a grounded steel bar was over 35 mV. The small size of the developed PZT NAFCs AE sensor shows a promising application in monitoring the structures by integrated into composites.
Sertraline for the Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer Disease: Genetic Influences

Objective. To assess the potential for genetic influences on sertraline treatment efficacy for depression of Alzheimer disease (dAD). Four functional genetic variants were studied: 2 serotonin rece...
Probable inflammatory bowel disease in a child: assessment and conservative management

Objective This case presentation describes a method of evaluation and a conservative management plan for a child with probable inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's Disease). Possible causes for this clinical presentation and a brief review of the literature are offered.
Distribution of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts

The records of 2,044 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were reviewed in order to define the incidence and topographical distribution of lymph node metastasis on admission. The common regions of metastasis are presented for each of the seven individual head and neck sites selected for study. Knowledge of the preferred areas of spread and those that are almost never involved allows the design of more adequate plans to manage the individual lesions.
Comparative effects of 60-day feeding of maneb and of ethylenethiourea on thyroid electrophoretic patterns of rats.

Abstract Groups of rats were fed maneb at dietary levels from 250 to 1500 ppm or ethylenethiourea (ETU) from 5 to 500 ppm for 60 days. After this time, both compounds had induced similar changes in the electrophoretic pattern of thyroid-tissue extracts. These changes were a decrease in the density of a band presumably representing thyroglobulin, an increase in the density of a band representing a non-iodinated protein, and a slight decrease in the density of a band representing an iodinated protein. After electrophoresis of the thyroid extracts from ETU-fed rats given 131 I 24 hr before sacrifice, three iodoprotein groups were found. The decrease in radioactivity in the thyroglobulin band with increasing dose of ETU paralleled the change in density of the band.
Genetic and physical mapping of telomeres and macrosatellites of rice

Telomeres and telomere-associated satellites of rice were genetically and physically analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using Arabidopsis telomeric DNA and rice satellite sequences as probes. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis telomeric sequences hybridize to rice telomeres under the conditions of high stringency. Using the Arabidopsis probe, multiple, discrete telomeric fragments could be identified on pulsed-field gel blots of rice DNAs digested with rare-cutting restriction enzymes. Most of the telomeric bands larger than 300 kb are physically linked with satellite bands as revealed by PFGE. Some of the telomeric and satellite bands segregate in a Mendelian fashion and are highly reproducible. Three such telomeric bands have been mapped to the distal ends of RFLP linkage groups: Telsm-1 on chromosome 8, Telsa-1 on chromosome 9 and Telsm-3 on chromosome 11. One segregating satellite band was mapped to an internal region of chromosome 10. Telomeric fragments were shown not only to be genetically linked to but also physically linked (based on PFGE) to the terminal RFLP markers. The physical distance from telomeric sequences to a distal RFLP marker, r45s gene, on chromosome 9, is 200 kb while the distance from telomeric sequences to RG98, a terminal RFLP marker on chromosome 11, is 260 kb. Physical maps of the telomere regions of chromosome 9 and chromosome 11 are presented.
Flavopiridol reduces malignant transformation of the esophageal mucosa in p27 knockout mice

The cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27 preferentially inactivates cdk complexes required for progression through the G1/S transition. Loss of p27 is associated with aggressive behavior in a variety of tumors, including Barrett's associated adenocarcinoma (BAA). We have previously shown that gastroduodenal–esophageal reflux (GDER) together with N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine (MBN) induces Barrett's esophagus (BE) and malignant transformation of the esophageal mucosa in mice. This process is enhanced in a p27 null background. Here, we show that chronic flavopiridol administration sharply reduced the prevalence of BE in GDER/MBN-treated p27 knockout mice when compared to animals treated with diluent only (7 vs 26%, P=0.0079). Similarly, flavopiridol reduced the prevalence of BAA (11 vs 32%, P=0.0098) and overall cancer prevalence (15 vs 60%, P<0.0001). In addition, appropriate molecular targeting by flavopiridol in tumor cells was confirmed by downregulation of cyclin D1, a known target of this pan-cdk inhibitor. The results of this study represent the experimental basis for chemoprevention with cdk inhibitors in human BE and BAA.
A tale of two shortages: an analysis of the IT professional and MIS faculty shortages

There are hundreds of articles, numerous governmental research papers and congressional acts that are focused on attending to a shortage or information technology (IT) labor. Many predict a crippling effect from such a shortage, and a minority opinion suggests that there is no shortage. In part, this difference may reflect a lack of conceptual clarity of what constitutes a shortage. This paper, then, examines the nature of what shortages are, how shortages might look in the context of IT professionals and MIS faculty, and how we might be able to ascertain the nature of the IT labor and faculty shortages. The outcome is that by understanding the specific nature of the shortage, we can then hope to provide a remedy.
Effect of substrate nitrogen on lignin degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

In order to determine the effect of substrate nitrogen (N) on ligninolytic activity, Pleurotus ostreatus was grown in solid media containing either growth-limiting (1mM) or excess (10mM) NH4Cl. After 25 days, 14C−CO2 production from 14C-cornstover lignin in low-N medium was 3 times that in nitrogen (N)-rich medium. Supplementation of low-N medium with glucose (0.3%) further enhanced ligninolytic activity. Decolorization of an aromatic, polymeric dye, Poly R-481, in solid media was also greatest under N-limiting conditions.
Large-amplitude motion tunneling parameters in effective rotational Hamiltonians from rotation-internal rotation theory

Abstract The theory for the rotation-internal rotation problem is used to derive equations for the phenomenological tunneling parameters occurring in effective rotational Hamiltonians of molecules with large-amplitude internal motions. The tunneling parameters, defined as integrals over localized functions, can be expressed in terms of the eigenvectors of an appropriate zero-order Hamiltonian. Explicit equations are given for the tunneling and nontunneling rotational matrix elements between any two internal states in molecular systems with one or two periodic large-amplitude motions. The resulting effective Hamiltonian for methanamine-N-d 1 , CH 3 NHD, is formally identical to the one derived by Oda et al. ( J. Mol. Spectrosc. , 142, 57–84 (1990)).
Centenary commemorations or centenary contestations?—Celebrating a hundred years of cinema in Bombay

The commemorations of the hundredth year of the arrival of cinema in India staged by the Government of Maharashtra were a combination of public and semi‐public rituals inscribing the history of cinema in India onto the urban landscape of Bombay. This article examines those commemorations to show how the history of cinema becomes an arena for the state to proclaim its distinct cultural identity. The centenary commemorations are an example of how a world‐historical moment like the Lumiere screenings is appropriated by the state government to assert a particular cultural claim over the city of Bombay.
Community Service-Learning as a Group Inquiry Project: Elementary and Middle School CiviConnections Teachers' Practices of Integrating Historical Inquiry in Community Service-Learning

ABSTRACT This article illustrates how community service-learning can be defined and implemented as a group inquiry project in which students apply academic knowledge and social problem-solving skills. The authors examined eleven different community service-learning projects put into practice by elementary and middle school teachers who participated in CiviConnection, a national civic education program. They also explored how the teachers' practices were related to their perspectives on citizenship education, as the national CiviConnections program was designed to align with the reflective inquiry perspective by integrating historical inquiry in community service-learning. From the reflective inquiry perspective, they identified four elements of service-learning as a group inquiry project and analyzed eleven class projects to see how they incorporated the four components: (1) identifying issues and defining problems, (2) studying issues in-depth while using disciplinary modes of investigation, (3) developi...
Warping in the valence band of silicon

The origin of warping in the valence band of silicon is studied using tight-binding and $k\ensuremath{\cdot}p$ calculations. A number of new analytical expressions for the dispersion and effective masses are given. A measure of warping is also proposed.