cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Future of Nursing Campaign for Action: State-level implementation efforts

RWJF and AARP are working with Action Coalitions that are coming together in states across the country, comprised of diverse groups of stakeholders including providers, policymakers, consumers, and businesses that can affect long-term sustainable change. Action Coalitions, led by at least 2 entitiesdrepresenting anursingandanon-nursingorganizationdareactive in 15 states, and the Campaign plans to add up to 20 from among new applicants in September 2011. Our aim is to have Action Coalitions in most states by early 2012. Action Coalitions are identifying key changes they will strive to achieve, and are also capturing and sharing best practices, determining research needs, tracking lessons learned, and identifying replicable models. They receive technical assistance and communications support from the AARP’s Center to Champion Nursing inAmerica.ActionCoalitionswill track their progress in fulfilling their objectives and share progress, challenges, and lessons learned across states as a community of change agents.
Multiple Scattering Theory

Electrical Engineering Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media A volume in the IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory Donald G. Dudley, Series Editor This IEEE Classic Reissue presents a unified introduction to the fundamental theories and applications of wave propagation and scattering in random media. Now for the first time, the two volumes of Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media previously published by Academic Press in 1978 are combined into one comprehensive volume. This book presents a clear picture of how waves interact with the atmosphere, terrain, ocean, turbulence, aerosols, rain, snow, biological tissues, composite material, and other media. The theories presented will enable you to solve a variety of problems relating to clutter, interference, imaging, object detection, and communication theory for various media. This book is expressly designed for engineers and scientists who have an interest in optical, microwave, or acoustic wave propagation a d scattering. Topics covered include: * Wave characteristics in aerosols and hydrometeors * Optical and acoustic scattering in sea water * Scattering from biological materials * Pulse scattering and beam wave propagation in such media * Optical diffusion in tissues and blood * Transport and radiative transfer theory * Kubelka--Munk flux theory and plane-parallel problem * Multiple scattering theory * Wave fluctuations in turbulence * Strong fluctuation theory * Rough surface scattering * Remote sensing and inversion techniques * Imaging through various media About the IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory Formerly the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Waves, this joint series between IEEE Press and Oxford University Press offers outstanding coverage of the field with new titles as well as reprintings and revisions of recognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applica ions. Designed specifically for graduate students, practicing engineers, and researchers, this series provides affordable volumes that explore electromagnetic waves and applications beyond the undergraduate level. See page il of the front matter for a listing of books in this series.
A Ferrite Cutoff Switch

The theory and operating characteristics of a new type of high performance reflective switch is given. It utilizes the cut-off phenomenon in transversely-magnetized ferrites. The insertion loss of the device is 0.4 db and over 60 db within the 8.8 to 9.5 kmc band when the ferrite is demagnetized and magnetized respectively. The reflection coefficient of the switch in the "off" state is more than 90 per cent over this same band. In contrast to most other ferrite devices, it is of the reflective rather than the absorptive type. Furthermore, it has the unique property that its operating bandwidth is determined mainly by the magnitude of the applied field. Possible applications of the device in antenna switching and as a tunable cutoff filter will be discussed.
Synaptic Connections Between Spiny Neurons of the Direct and Indirect Pathways in the Neostriatum of the Rat: Evidence from Dopamine Receptor and Neuropeptide Immunostaining

UNLABELLED The flow of cortical information through the basal ganglia occurs through the so-called 'direct pathway' and 'indirect pathways'. The object of the present work was to attempt to determine whether spiny neurons in the neostriatum that give rise to the direct pathway (i.e. the striatonigral/entopeduncular pathway) and those giving rise to the indirect pathways (i.e. striatopallidal pathway) are synaptically interconnected. The approach was to carry out double immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level using antibodies against peptides or dopamine receptor subtypes that are selectively associated with the neurons that give rise to the direct (substance P or D1 receptors) and indirect pathways (enkephalin or D2 receptors). Sections of perfuse-fixed rat neostriatum were immunostained to reveal both substance P immunoreactivity and D2 receptor immunoreactivity or enkephalin and D1 receptor immunoreactivity, respectively. Double peroxidase methods were employed using different chromogens that were distinguishable at both the light and electron microscopic levels. In the electron microscope substance P-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with dendritic structures that displayed immunoreactivity for D2 receptor. Similarly, enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with D1-immunoreactive dendritic structures. Thus, axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the direct pathway form synaptic contacts with neurons that give rise to the indirect pathway and axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the indirect pathway form synaptic contact with neurons that give rise to the direct pathway. These results indicate that the two pathways of information flow through the basal ganglia are synaptically linked at the level of the neostriatum. KEYWORDS spiny neurons, direct pathway,indirect pathways, rat neostriatum
Adaptive code-rate and modulation for multi-user OFDM system in wireless communications

An adaptive code-rate and modulation allocation algorithm is considered for a multi-user OFDM system depending on transmission power and the transfer function of a frequency selective channel. The purpose of the presented adaptive code-rate and modulation OFDM system, using punctured convolutional code and various constellation sizes, is to maximize total capacity and to adapt the proper service for each user according to channel conditions and the transmit power, while maintaining the transmission's quality of service (QoS) at the receiver. Computer simulation results show that the capacity of the adaptive code-rate and modulation OFDM system can be adaptively changed for various services. The performance of the system in a multipath fading channel with different delay spread is also analyzed.
Thermodynamics of water treeing

The paper examines the models proposed by Zeller for the development of water trees within the polyethylene (PE) insulation of underground distribution cables. Those models are of two different geometries idealizing a water tree: a prolate spheroid and ageometry where two spheres are linked by a narrow conducting channel. In these models a dissolved species, within a solution permeating the water tree, enhances the conductivity of the solution, distorting the electric field and increasing the Gibbs' free energy. Consequently, the solute species have a chemical potential that is greater than that in the absence of an electric field and this potential is suggested as leading to reaction of the solute with PE. Zeller used sodium chloride as the solute and did not take into account (nor suggest) any reaction product in solution. Consequently, the chemical potential difference between reactants and products, the true "driving force" for reaction, was not obtainable from this previous work. The present paper suggests alternative species (ferric and ferrous iron) that can serve as reactant and product in a plausible reaction with PE. Calculation of chemical potential differences, based on both aspheroidal model and a uniform property dumbbell model, suggests that these species might indeed be involved in PE degradation but only at low solute concentrations. The paper concludes by hypothesizing how such low concentrations may occasionally occur.
The Role of Heart Rate in Myocardial Ischemia From Restricted Coronary Perfusion

Despite many years of study, certain aspects of myocardial ischemia remain incompletely understood. One observation that motivated this study is that acute, complete occlusion produces elevations but never depression of the ST-segment potentials in electrocardiographic leads over the ischemic zone. Limited flow, on the other hand, leads to ST-segment depression, both in in situ experiments and during clinical stress tests. The prevailing biophysical theory of ischemia suggests that complete occlusion should produce at least transient ST-segment depression, a finding we have neither observed in our own studies nor uncovered in the literature. Our goal with these experiments was to understand the difference between complete occlusion and reduced coronary flow, specifically the behavior at the transition between the two. We have performed experiments by using isolated dog hearts with a cannulated left anterior descending artery suspended in a human shaped electrolytic tank. To create a range of ischemic conditions, we changed coronary flow rates both suddenly and in controlled sequences and varied the heart rate of the isolated heart. The main finding was that in the isolated heart preparation, epicardial ST-segment depression over the ischemic zone arose only under conditions of combined restricted flow and elevated heart rate. Reduced coronary flow alone never produced ST-segment depression. These findings suggest that heart rate and probably metabolic work create the conditions necessary for subendocardial ischemia that reduced flow alone cannot provoke. They furthermore suggest that the degree of ST-segment depression for a given restriction in coronary flow may depend on heart rate, which supports the notion of rate correction for clinical stress electrocardiogram testing.
Regional variation in expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the intestine following a combined insult of alcohol and burn injury

The intestine is segmented into functionally discrete compartments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon). The present study examined whether alcohol combined with burn injury differently influences cytokine levels in different parts of the intestine. Male mice were gavaged with alcohol (∼2.9 g/kg) 4 h prior to receiving a ∼12.5% total body surface area full thickness burn. Mice were sacrificed 1, 3, and 7 days after injury. The intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were harvested, homogenized, and analyzed for inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-18, and KC) using their respective ELISAs. KC levels were significantly increased in the jejunum, ileum, and colon following alcohol and burn injury as compared to shams. The increase in KC was ∼28-fold higher in the colon as compared to the levels observed in duodenum following alcohol and burn injury. Both IL-6 and IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in both the ileum and colon following the combined insult. There was a ∼7-fold increase in IL-6 levels in the colon as compared with the duodenum after the combined insult. Levels of IL-18 were increased by ∼1.5-fold in the colon as compared to the ileum following alcohol and burn injury. The data suggest that pro-inflammatory mediators are differentially expressed in the intestine following alcohol and burn injury.
Use of diffusion-weighted MRI to differentiate chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and conventional (non-DWI) MRI sequences in differentiating mass-forming chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective cohort study included 36 patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer (n = 13) and chronic pancreatitis (n = 23) after preoperative MRI with DWI. Two independent reviewers assessed the DW images for signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Four weeks later, they reviewed the other MR images for size of mass, double-duct sign, pancreatic duct cutoff, and perivascular soft-tissue cuffing. A score for conventional MRI was given with 1 meaning definitely benign and 5 meaning definitely malignant. Univariate and multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed with surgical pathologic examination as the reference standard. RESULTS. The only finding that differentiated the two groups wa...
Loglinear Residual Tests of Moran's I Autocorrelation and their Applications to Kentucky Breast Cancer Data

This article bridges the permutation test of Moran’s I to the residuals of a loglinear model under the asymptotic normality assumption. It provides the versions of Moran’s I based on Pearson residuals (IPR) and deviance residuals (IDR) so that they can be used to test for spatial clustering while at the same time account for potential covariates and heterogeneous population sizes. Our simulations showed that both IPR and IDR are effective to account for heterogeneous population sizes. The tests based on IPR and IDR are applied to a set of log-rate models for early-stage and late-stage breast cancer with socioeconomic and access-to-care data in Kentucky. The results showed that socioeconomic and access-to-care variables can sufficiently explain spatial clustering of early-stage breast carcinomas, but these factors cannot explain that for the late stage. For this reason, we used local spatial association terms and located four late-stage breast cancer clusters that could not be explained. The results also confirmed our expectation that a high screening level would be associated with a high incidence rate of early-stage disease, which in turn would reduce late-stage incidence rates.
A further note on the scientific name of Bullocks' Oriole.

Chesser (2013) intended to introduce a justified emendation to Icterus bullockii under Article 32.5.1 of the Code (ICZN 1999), because the name honors both William Bullock, Sr., and William Bullock, Jr. However, the correction bullockorum is "incorrect" and therefore is an unjustified emendation (Article 33.2.3). Under the assumption that the name Bullock was latinized (cf. Article 31.1.1) to Bullockius ( bullocki – + the nominative case ending – us ) and therefore that the name bullockii comprises the stem bullocki – + the genitive case ending – i , the justified correction bullockiorum is required.
Histochemical and Ultracytochemical Studies of the Spermatids and Sperm of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum

Considerable confusion has existed concerning the nature and function of the refringent cone and a series of vesicles found between the cone and the plasma membrane in the sperm of Ascaris sp. (Nematoda). In the present study histochemical and ultracytochemical techniques, at both the light and electron microscopic levels, have been used in order to characterize these cellular components in the spermatids and spermatozoa of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum (A. suum). It has been demonstrated that the vesicles, believed to be of Golgi origin, fuse with the plasmalemma of the mature sperm and undergo dehiscence releasing their contents into the lumen of the female genital tract. These vesicles exhibit a positive PAS reaction at both the light and electron microscope levels. They further exhibit a positive reaction for acid phosphatase. The refringent cones do not exhibit a positive reaction for acid phosphatase and only show small loci of reaction product for the PAS test. The refringent cones do exhibit an orange fluorescence, which is indicative of RNA, when the cells are stained with acridine orange. However, this fluorescence is found in cells treated with ribonuclease; but, is not present in cells treated with trypsin. While the refringent cone resisted enzymatic digestion with ribonuclease, electron dense spheres found associated with the nucleus were partially extracted. The results of this study suggest that the vesicles (proacrosomal vesicles) may be acrosomal in nature but lend no support to the thesis that the refringent cone is the acrosome. This work further suggests that the sperm of A. simm contributes RNA to an egg at fertilization.
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies and their Advantages in Identifying Specific Neurons

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the preparation of monoclonal antibodies and their advantages in identifying specific neurons. Direct identification of molecules mediating neuronal specificity requires an assay system. However, designing such a system and choosing candidate molecules to be tested present formidable technical and theoretical difficulties. Because putative molecules subserving neuronal specificity cannot in principle be purified a priori , the technique of hybridoma formation is used to isolate lymphocyte clones secreting antibodies specific for individual molecules, even though a complex mixture of molecules is used for immunization. Most antigens are present in all parts of the cell, including long axonal projections and neural terminals. In addition to their potential usefulness in elucidating the molecular mechanism subserving neuronal specificity, monoclonal antibodies will be of value in broadening the understanding of leech neurobiology as they clearly identify whole systems of neurons together with their axonal patterns. The chapter presents a study in which apparent molecular weights of the leech antigens were estimated using high-molecular-weight standards applied to the gel. These molecular weights were then electrophoresed and transferred onto nitrocellulose in parallel with leech tissue extracts.
Medical and Other Psychiatric Conditions Potentially Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia

Although psychotic mood disorders likely account for a large majority of misdiagnoses of schizophrenia, many medical disorders, medications, drugs, and some other psychiatric disorders can present with psychotic features that can also lead to misdiagnoses of schizophrenia or a mood disorder. Hall et al. (1978) reported an incidence of medical disorders in 9.1% of 658 consecutive psychiatric outpatients that they felt caused the patients’ psychiatric symptoms. Such patients were most commonly misdiagnosed with schizophrenia and depression. A similarly designed study found 5.6% of first-episode patients diagnosed with schizophrenia had an unrecognized medical disorder that explained psychotic symptoms (Johnstone et al. 1987).
Climate Change: Implications for Commercial Real Estate Clients (and Their Attorneys): Legal Update

Climate change is real and negatively affecting commercial real estate identifies risks of climate change affecting real estate: water scarcity; rising temperatures prolonged droughts; sea level rise and flooding.Adaptation, not mitigation of climate change, increasingly accepted as the proper focus when dealing with the negative aspects of climate change. Two examples introduce the complexities that adaptation to climate change presents tol the legal system in the US.Borough of Harvey Cedars v. Karan, require a primer on eminent domain and takings law under 5th Amendment to the US Constitution. National Flood Insurance Program -- changes since initial version in 1968.
Postpartum pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema (Hamman's syndrome)

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema (Hamman’s syndrome) are rare but potentially dangerous complication of labour, it is usually self-limiting and without any complication or recurrence. Published reports indicate that subsequent pregnancies pose no additional risk for recurrence.
The earnings management opportunity for US oil and gas firms during the 2011 Arab Spring event

Purpose – This study aims to examine whether US oil and gas companies engaged in earnings management during the 2011 Arab Spring, which resulted in significant increases in both crude oil and gasoline prices. Design/methodology/approach – Following a similar research methodology from prior research, this study tests the existence of earnings management based on discretionary total accruals, current accruals and non-current accruals to determine whether both large petroleum refining firms and relatively small oil and gas-producing firms, jointly and separately, lowered reported earnings. Findings – The results show that, overall, US oil and gas companies as a group engaged in income-decreasing earnings management during the Arab Spring. The results seem to support the political cost hypothesis. However, further analyses indicate that the results are driven by abnormal income-decreasing accruals of the relatively small oil and gas-producing firms, which are politically less sensitive. Research limitations/i...
A randomized controlled trial of two mail-based lifestyle interventions for breast cancer survivors

Although breast cancer survivors’ lifestyle choices affect their subsequent health, a majority do not engage in healthy behaviors. Because treatment end is a “teachable moment” for potentially altering lifestyle change for breast cancer survivors, we developed and tested two mail-based interventions for women who recently completed primary treatment. One hundred seventy-three survivors were randomly assigned to (1) Targeting the Teachable Moment (TTMI, n = 57), (2) Standard Lifestyle Management (SLM, n = 58), or (3) usual care (UC, n = 58) control group. Participants who were assigned to TTMI and SLM received relevant treatment materials biweekly for 4 months. Participants were assessed at baseline (T1, before randomization), post-treatment (T2, 4 months), and follow-up (T3, 7 months). Fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake, fat intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed. Results showed promise for these mail-based interventions for changes in health behaviors: Survivors in TTMI (+.47) and SLM (+.45) reported increased F/V intake, whereas those in UC (−.1) reported decreased F/V intake from T1 to T2. Changes in minutes of MVPA from T1 to T2 were higher in SLM than UC and marginally higher in TTMI than UC. However, these differences were due to decreased MVPA in UC rather than increased MVPA in the intervention groups. There were no group differences regarding fat intake. Survivors reported high satisfaction and preference for mail-based interventions, supporting feasibility. Mail-based lifestyle interventions for breast cancer survivors may benefit F/V intake and physical activity. Further testing and optimizing of these interventions is warranted.
A Modular Colored Stochastic Petri Net for Modeling and Analysis of Signalized Intersections

The dynamic behavior of traffic lights regulating a network of intersections can be viewed as a complex discrete-event system that can be modeled and controlled by Petri nets. In this paper, a bilayer signalized control method is presented. In the lower layer, a colored stochastic Petri net controls the signal indication displays and stage transitions. In the upper layer, a supervisory logic layer decides which stage should be serviced next. The proposed model increases modularity, reduces complexity, and, more importantly, is capable of being used to implement various signal control strategies. The method is used to implement four different control strategies: pretimed control, fully actuated control, semiactuated control, and random stage selection (as a benchmark) in the context of a signalized traffic network containing six intersections. Extensibility and future potential research to further enhance the proposed method are discussed and proposed at the end.
CONVULSIVE RESPONSES IN DEVELOPING CHICKENS.

SummarySpinal cord convulsions elicited by direct spinal cord stimulation and maximal electroshock seizures produced by brain stimulation were studied in 14- to 21-day-old chick embryos and in 31-day-old chicks. In spinal cord convulsions, with high frequency stimulation the duration of leg flexion decreased with age. The curves obtained for the duration of leg flexion as a function of frequency were U-shaped in 14- and 16-day-old embryos. The duration of flexion did not change with higher stimulus frequencies in 19- and 21-day-old embryos, and 31-day-old chicks. In maximal electroshock seizures the duration of flexion decreased with age at each stimulus intensity. The decrease in the duration of flexion with age indicates an increase in the severity of convulsion. It is concluded that the particular pattern and intensity of seizure is related to CNS development and may be influenced by the degree of myelination of the neuronal pathways involved in seizure responses.
The incomplete conversion of hepatic cytochrome P-450 to P-420 by mercurials.

The conversion of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 to P-420 by the mercurial compound mersalyl (sodium o [(3-hydroxymercuri-2-methoxypropyl)carbamoyl]phenoxyacetate) was incomplete. In contrast, high concentrations of urea caused complete conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420. During the conversion the total heme concentration of microsomes did not change, but the sum of the cytochrome concentration measurable as P-450 and P-420 showed a net decrease. The lack of complete conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420 was independent of the nature of the mercurial sulfhydryl reagent employed and was largely unaffected by changes in the type of buffer, ionic strength, and the presence of type I or type II substrates. The loss of the ability to demonstrate a type I but not a type II binding spectrum paralleled the loss of cytochrome P-450. The conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420 could not be completely reversed by the addition of reduced glutathione. The transition of the iron of the cytochrome P-450 from a low-spin to a high-spin state, observed in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, which occurs upon the mercurial conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420, was investigated and compared with both the spin state changes obtained by lowering the pH and the optically determined conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420 by mercurials.
The ABCs of ARF'S Farm:

The Advertising Research Foundation in 1955 conducted an experimental study of advertising research methods which is probably the finest example published in this field. A Committee, known as the P...
The Importance of Directional Sound Radiation in Avian Vocalization

Many studies show the importance of frequency structure and timing characteristics for acoustical signals (e.g., Thorpe 1961, Hinde 1969), but we know little about the sound pressure levels and spatial radiation patterns of such signals. Here I offer evidence for directional radiation of certain calls of the Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) and discuss ways in which selection may favor directional beaming. Most of the scant literature on radiation
Improving the Accuracy of the Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus

In the common forms of apparatus that have surface temperature sensors built into them, such as the guarded hot plate, the actual surface temperatures of the test specimen are not measured by the sensors. The difference in temperature between each of the sensors and the surfaces decreases as the thermal resistance of the specimen increases. As a result, an accurate measure of the thermal resistance of test specimens can only be obtained when they have a relatively high thermal resistance.
SVM-HDMR approximation model construction method for high dimensional nonlinear problems

In order to construct approximation model for high dimensional problems, Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM)is introduced into High Dimensional Model Representation(HDMR), and a modified approximation model construction method called SVM-HDMR for high dimensional nonlinear problems and corresponding adaptive sampling and model construction algorithm are proposed. This method transforms high dimensional problem into a series of low dimensional problems using Cut-HDMR, and then these low dimensional problems are solved using LS-SVM. The results of numerical examples show that the new method has good approximation quality and reduces computational expense dramatically, so it is more suitable for high dimensional problems.
A cross-sectional study of vitamin C intake and blood pressure in the elderly.

Data collected as part of a study designed to examine the nutritional status of non-institutionalized elderly individuals, ages 60-100 years, residing in the Boston area were used to investigate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and vitamin C intake reported by three-day diet records. Four hundred and ten subjects not taking antihypertensive medications were grouped into 5 categories of vitamin C intake: or = 240 mg/day. Relative differences in systolic and diastolic BP between subjects consuming > or = 240 mg/day compared to those consuming or = 160 mmHg or diastolic > or = 100 mmHg) was approximately 50% lower (p < 0.05) across this range of vitamin C intake. Adjustment of these associations for age, sex, body mass, smoking, dietary sodium:potassium ratio, and other dietary factors did little to alter the relationship between vitamin C and BP. These results lend support to the hypothesis that vitamin C and BP are related, but further research is required to test whether the relationship is causal.
Ultrastructural Autoradiographic Study of the Uptake and Localization of D-Glucose-3H

The uptake and localization of D-glucose-6-3H was studied in developing neutrophils from normal human bone marrow by means of ultrastructural autoradiography. Marrow cells were pulse labeled for 30 min in vitro at 37°C with 250 µCi D-glucose-6-3H in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing bone marrow plasma. Autoradiographic data indicated that glucose incorporation in developing neutrophils is a function of maturity and is related to the amount of intracellular glycogen. Developing neutrophils from the myeloblast stage through the early metamyelocyte stage incorporate limited amounts of glucose; however, in concurrence with increased quantities of intracellular glycogen, commencing with the late metamyelocyte stage, neutrophils show a dramatic increase in their capacity to concentrate this sugar. The ability to incorporate large quantities of glucose further increases in the band and segmented neutrophil stages. D-Glucose-3H concentrated in areas of glycogen clustering and occasionally in areas containing small cytoplasmic vesicles that were in close approximation to small clusters of glycogen in late metamyelocytes and band and segmented neutrophils. Specific cellular components, e.g., rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi and both formative and definitive primary (azurophil) and secondary (specific) granules, were not preferentially labeled in the promyelocyte and myelocyte stages. Selective glucose-3H labeling also was not observed in the Golgi and formative tertiary granules in the metamyelocyte, band, and young segmented neutrophil stages; primary, secondary, and tertiary granules in these cells were occasionally labeled, but labeled granules were invariably found to be closely associated with glycogen clusters.
Overview of the Design Methodology

This chapter is devoted to a complete example showing the implementation of a VMEbus master interface. It provides an overview of the main steps of the proposed design methodology. The following chapters will give a more formal definition of the terminology and of the algorithms.
The Imbalance of Power

What is power? Power is the ability to get others to do things they otherwise would not do. Power is thus a means to an end, although that end may be to acquire more means of asserting power. The means can range from rational or subliminal persuasion to the threat or application of force. All individuals and groups of individuals on the planet are involved in power relationships in which they struggle to assert their interests, often at the expense of others. At a global level, the most important group is the state. States wield power in pursuit of their interests.
Kozhevnikov-Rasmussen Syndrome: A Historical Perspective Spanning Two Centuries

The Kozhevnikov-Rasmussen syndrome consists of a distinctive constellation of intractable, mainly focal, motor seizures, associated with relentlessly progressive hemiparesis and neuropsychological deterioration with cognitive and linguistic deficits. It dates back to the end of the 19th century and spans two continents. The main seizure type, epilepsia partialis continua, was first described by the Russian neurologist Kozhevnikov in 1894 and shortly after the eponym Kozhevnikov epilepsy was used both in Russian and in Western literature. The description of “focal seizures due to chronic localized encephalitis in children” by Rasmussen and his colleagues took place in 1958 and it was introduced as Rasmussen encephalitis. What began as a clinical observation became a complex syndrome affecting many age groups with a possible neuroimmunological etiology. Here we describe the historical perspectives underlying the establishment of the syndrome.
Matrices and Linear Maps

Presumably readers of this chapter will have had some basic acquaintance with linear algebra in elementary courses. We go beyond such courses by pointing out that a lot of results hold for free modules over a commutative ring. This is useful when one wants to deal with families of linear maps, and reduction modulo an ideal.
Copper oxide nanoparticles impact several toxicological endpoints and cause neurodegeneration in caenorhabditis elegans

Engineered nanoparticles are becoming increasingly incorporated into technology and consumer products. In 2014, over 300 tons of copper oxide nanoparticles were manufactured in the United States. The increased production of nanoparticles raises concerns regarding the potential introduction into the environment or human exposure. Copper oxide nanoparticles commonly release copper ions into solutions, which contribute to their toxicity. We quantified the inhibitory effects of both copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulfate on C. elegans toxicological endpoints to elucidate their biological effects. Several toxicological endpoints were analyzed in C. elegans, including nematode reproduction, feeding behavior, and average body length. We examined three wild C. elegans isolates together with the Bristol N2 laboratory strain to explore the influence of different genotypic backgrounds on the physiological response to copper challenge. All strains exhibited greater sensitivity to copper oxide nanoparticles compared to copper sulfate, as indicated by reduction of average body length and feeding behavior. Reproduction was significantly reduced only at the highest copper dose, though still more pronounced with copper oxide nanoparticles compared to copper sulfate treatment. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulfate on neurons, cells with known vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was observed in up to 10% of the population after copper oxide nanoparticle exposure. Additionally, mutants in the divalent-metal transporters, smf-1 or smf-2, showed increased tolerance to copper exposure, implicating both transporters in copper-induced neurodegeneration. These results highlight the complex nature of CuO nanoparticle toxicity, in which a nanoparticle-specific effect was observed in some traits (average body length, feeding behavior) and a copper ion specific effect was observed for other traits (neurodegeneration, response to stress).
Active Site and Electronic Structure Elucidation of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Phase-Pure Molybdenum Carbide Nanotubes

We recently showed that phase-pure molybdenum carbide nanotubes can be durable supports for platinum (Pt) nanoparticles in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this paper we further characterize surface properties of the same Pt/β-Mo2C catalyst platform using carbon monoxide (CO)-Pt and CO-Mo2C bond strength of different Pt particle sizes in the <3 nm range. Results from diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and temporal analysis of products (TAP) revealed the existence of different active sites as Pt particle size increases. Correlation between the resultant catalyst activity and deposited Pt particle size was further investigated using water–gas-shift (WGS) as a probe reaction, suggesting that precise control of particle diameter and thickness is needed for optimized catalytic activity.
All in the family? Communication of cancer survivors with their families

Families often bear the burden of communication about cancer risk, as well as support during and after treatment for cancer in family members. These activities are left up to survivors and their families, with little support or knowledge of useful methods. We present data on aspects of family that are most relevant to risk of cancer-related communication and health promotion among family members. Families (a survivor, one first-degree relative and one parent; n = 313 families) were enrolled in the survey-based study. We assessed multiple aspects of family communication about risk for melanoma among family participants. Families communicate less frequently than desired about cancer risk. Most families do identify a “family health provider” who keeps family data and serves a resource for family members. The reasons given for lack of family communication are diverse but many can be addressed as part of a family communication intervention. Families are poised to improve their family communication about cancer risk and so can play a role in increasing the health of their members.
Incoherent idempotent ambisonics rendering

We describe a family of ambisonics rendering methods that is based on optimizing the soundfield component that lies in the null space of the operator that maps the loudspeaker signals onto the given ambisonics representation. In contrast to traditional rendering approaches, the new method avoids the coherent addition of loudspeaker contributions to the sound field. As a result, it provides a space-invariant timbre and good spatial directionality outside the spatial region where the ambisonics soundfield description is accurate. The new method is idempotent at all frequencies and has relatively low computational complexity. Our experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Physical Activity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Moving Toward a Newer Treatment Paradigm.

Article, see p 982 Physical inactivity and low fitness are important, modifiable risk factors for the development of heart failure (HF).1–4 Recent studies have demonstrated strong, dose-dependent inverse associations among physical activity, fitness, and risk of incident HF.5 Physical activity has been shown to have a stronger and more graded association with risk of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) than HF with reduced ejection fraction.6 However, the prognostic role of physical activity among patients with established HFpEF is less well established. This finding is particularly relevant given the near-universal presence of exercise intolerance among patients with HFpEF. In this issue of Circulation , Hegde et al7 have addressed this knowledge gap by evaluating the association between physical activity levels and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among 1751 patients with HFpEF in the TOPCAT trial (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist). The authors observed several important findings. First, only 11% of the study participants engaged in guideline-recommended physical activity levels at baseline. Second, compared with individuals with ideal physical activity, those with poor and intermediate self-reported physical activity had a higher risk of HF hospitalization and mortality within …
Dual slant polarized cavity backed massive MIMO panel array antenna with digital beamforming

A 4 × 4 sub-array of cavity backed dual slant polarized printed dipoles is designed and fabricated from 4.9 GHz–6 GHz for massive MIMO panel array antenna applications. The radiating elements provide measured impedance matching below −10 dB and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.1. A larger panel of 8 × 8 is developed from the 4 × 4 sub-array and the digital beamforming capability showing multiple beams are verified using the Keysight SystemVue simulation tool.
Applied Reliability Engineering and Risk Analysis: Probabilistic Models and Statistical Inference

(2015). Applied Reliability Engineering and Risk Analysis: Probabilistic Models and Statistical Inference. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 89-90.
Pion-Nucleon Data, Dispersion Relations, and Resonances

A description of the methods and of the latest results of the CMU-LBL πN partial wave analysis project has recently appeared in the Physical Review (1–3) so I shall give here only a short summary of the main ideas and of some general conclusions. Many of the ideas were used first in an analysis of K+ p data carried out a number of years ago (4). In addition, after finishing the K+ p analysis we had a better understanding of the difficulties of partial wave analysis and were led to incorporate some improvements into the present work. In describing our work on πN physics, I shall concentrate on those aspects which may be especially relevant to the interests of people who are currently actively working on KN physics.
Electric-Field-Induced Dynamic Electronic Junctions in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications.

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have attracted great attention as optoelectronic materials because of their low cost, relative insensitivity to defects, and solution-processible properties. However, some of their properties, such as thermal instability, toxicity, and current–voltage hysteresis still remain elusive. Ion migration, which has been proven to be a thermal-activated process, is regarded as one of the major origins of the hysteresis and thus detrimental to the long-term stability of the optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, by using the external electric field to pole the perovskite, ion migration would be possible to be utilized to create dynamic electronic junctions. In this paper, electric-field-induced dynamic electronic junctions have been manipulated for photodetection and energy harvesting through the ion migration under external electric field. Ion-migration-induced p–n or n–p junction has been successfully created via tuning the polarity of the external applied voltage, which...
Current Role of Computer Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Computer-assisted surgical (CAS) navigation has been developed with the aim of improving the accuracy and precision of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) component positioning and therefore overall limb alignment. The historical goal of knee arthroplasty has been to restore the mechanical alignment of the lower limb by aligning the femoral and tibial components perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femur and tibia. Despite over 4 decades of TKA component development and nearly 2 decades of interest in CAS, the fundamental question remains; does the alignment goal and/or the method of achieving that goal affect the outcome of the TKA in terms of patient-reported outcome measures and/or overall survivorship? The quest for reliable and reproducible achievement of the intraoperative alignment goal has been the primary motivator for the introduction, development, and refinement of CAS navigation. Numerous proprietary systems now exist, and rapid technological advancements in computer processing power are stimulating further development of robotic surgical systems. Three categories of CAS can be defined: image-based large-console navigation; imageless large-console navigation, and more recently, accelerometer-based handheld navigation systems have been developed. Conclusion A review of the current literature demonstrates that there are enough well-designed studies to conclude that both large-console CAS and handheld navigation systems improve the accuracy and precision of component alignment in TKA. However, missing from the evidence base, other than the subgroup analysis provided by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, are any conclusive demonstrations of a clinical superiority in terms of improved patient-reported outcome measures and/or decreased cumulative revision rates in the long term. Few authors would argue that accuracy of alignment is a goal to ignore; therefore, in the absence of clinical evidence, many of the arguments against the use of large-console CAS navigation center on the prohibitive cost of the systems. The utilization of low-cost, handheld CAS navigation systems may therefore bridge this important gap, and over time, further clinical evidence may emerge.
Representation of Elementary Functions

While the first five chapters in this book have touched upon more or less standard topics, the material of the present chapter goes in another direction. The reader will probably find it surprising. Indeed, the notions of infinite product and Green’s function, discussed in detail earlier in this volume, have customarily been included in texts on mathematical analysis and differential equations, respectively. The present chapter, in contrast, discusses an unusual idea that has never been explored in texts before. That is, a technique, reported for the first time in Melnikov (Appl. Math. Sci. 2 (2008) 81–97 and J. Math. Anal. Appl. 344 (2008) 521–534), is employed here for obtaining infinite product representations for a number of elementary functions.
Making design objects relevant to the task at hand

Many problem-solving approaches are based on the assumption that a problem can be precisely defined before it is solved. These approaches are inadequate for dealing with ill-defined problems, which require the coevolution of problem setting and problem solving. In this paper, we describe integrated, domain-oriented, knowledge-based design environments and their underlying multifaceted architecture. The environments empower humans to cope with ill-defined problems, such as design, by supporting an incremental approach to problem setting and problem solving. We focus on the integration of specification, construction, and a catalog of prestored design objects in those environments. The synergy of integration enables the environments to make those objects relevant to the task at hand. Taking architectural design as a domain to illustrate our approach, we describe an operational, prototype system (CATALOGExPLORER) that assists designers in locating examples in the catalog that are relevant to the task at hand as articulated by a partial specification and a partial construction. Users are thereby relieved of the task of forming queries and navigating in information spaces.
Resilin in the Engineering of Elastomeric Biomaterials

Resilin, the highly elastomeric protein found in the specialized compartments of most arthropods, exhibits superior resilience and excellent high-frequency responsiveness compared with many other structural proteins. Facilitated via biosynthetic strategies, different resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) derived from the Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae repetitive motifs have been produced and characterized. With the recapitulation of natural resilin’s mechanical properties, RLPs have been further extended with the incorporation of biological domains and the exploration of stimuli-responsive properties. This toolbox of RLPs has been developed in applications as cell-responsive biomaterials for mechanically active tissues such as cardiac tissues, vocal folds, and blood vessels, as well as in other biomedically relevant applications including responsive components in biosensors, diagnostic surfaces, and nano-patterned reservoirs for controlled drug delivery.