cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and reactions of η5-C5H5Fe(CO)2(acetylene)+ BF4− complexes

Zusammenfassung Dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliron(acetylene)-tetrafluoroborate complexes of diphenylacetylene and hexyne-3 have been isolated from the exchange reaction of the acetylene with CpFe(CO)2(isobutylene) tetrafluoroborate. With phenylacetylene the sole product formed in the exchange reaction is 2-phenylnaphthalene. Methyl propiolate yields the condensation products VI, VII and VIII.
Active mid-infrared plasmonic beam steering devices

We demonstrate the steering of coherent mid-infrared radiation through plasmonic structures consisting of a single sub-wavelength slit flanked by a periodic array of grooves, fabricated on GaAs substrates. We demonstrate control of steering angle by tuning the incident radiation, and study beam quality for the transmitted light. In addition, we demonstrate that small shifts in the refractive index of the GaAs substrate can actively control the steering angle of the transmitted light, opening a path towards the development of no-moving-parts plasmonic beam steering devices.
Erratum: Analysis of weak-interaction effects in high-transverse-momentum hadron-hadron collisions. II. Implications of quantum chromodynamics

Parity-violating (pv) weak effects in inclusive hadron and jet production are studied in the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Results are given for the asymmetry parameter $\mathcal{a}$ for the processes $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+X$ and $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{jet}+X(X=\mathrm{anything})$, where $\mathcal{a}$ measures the difference in the inclusive cross sections for protons incident with \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} helicity. We also calculate the longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{p}$ of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$'s in $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}+X$ where the initial protons are unpolarized. Such effects arise from the coherent interference between the strong-QCD amplitude, which is parity conserving, and the pv weak amplitude. Due to the interplay between the weak amplitude (which changes flavor but conserves color) and the strong amplitude (which conserves flavor but changes color), only a limited number of parton scattering processes contribute to $\mathcal{a}$ or $\mathcal{p}$. In particular, it is shown that through order ${G}_{F}{{g}_{s}}^{3}$, where ${G}_{F}$ is the Fermi constant and ${g}_{s}$ is the strong quark-quark-gluon coupling constant, the only contributions to $\mathcal{a}$ or $\mathcal{p}$ arise from the interference between a strong quark-quark scattering amplitude in one channel ($\stackrel{^}{s}$, $\stackrel{^}{t}$, or $\stackrel{^}{u}$) and a weak quark-quark amplitude in a different channel. Numerical results are presented for $\mathcal{a}$ and $\mathcal{p}$ as a function of the center-of-momentum energy $\sqrt{s}$ and ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=\frac{2{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{\sqrt{s}}$, where ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is the transverse momentum of the inclusively produced hadron or jet relative to the incoming beam. These results are qualitatively similar to those obtained previously using the phenomenological effective-gluon model of the strong amplitude, although they are somewhat smaller in magnitude for reasons which are discussed. A detailed summary is also given of recent calculations of inclusive strong production.
Radiographic and MR Imaging of the Athletic Hip

Imaging of the athletic hip has changed significantly over the past 10 years to address clinical concerns of intra-articular pathology and femoroacetabular impingement. Currently, high-resolution direct MR arthrography of the hip provides the best means for evaluating intra-articular pathology. However, radiography remains important for the diagnosis of subtle bony irregularities associated with femoroacetabular impingement. Therefore, a comprehensive imaging strategy requires conventional radiographs and MRI to evaluate intra- and extra-articular sources of pain. Because of newer surgical techniques, MR interpretations should provide description of labral tears and assessment of cartilage defects, as well as, capsule/iliofemoral ligament injury, femoroacetabular impingement, and tears of the ligamentum teres to aid preoperative planning and help provide prognostic information.
Nonradiative decay processes in benzene

Abstract We investigate the behavior of single vibronic level nonradiative decay rates in benzene and benzene- d 6 . The effects of excitation in a promoting mode which undergoes frequency and geometry changes in the S 1 relaxation (to T 1 or S 0 ) are considered in detail. Calculated relative nonradiative decay rates are compared with experimental values and are used to assign triplet state vibrational frequencies to the ν s , ν 10 and ν 16 vibrations. This comparison also indicates that none of these modes, nor the modes ν 1 and ν 6 , are likely to be the dominant promoting modes for the S 1 → T 1 decay. Some simple expressions are given which provide good estimates of the vibronic state dependence of the non-radiative decay rates. In conjuction with experimental decay rate data, these estimates can aid in guiding spectral assignments of vibronic bands. Simple but general theoretical criteria are derived which are useful in determining those vibrations which are poor (or good) accepting modes. Our previous theory is generalized to consider absolute nonradiative decay rates. The results are used to suggest a possible mechanism for the “channel three” decay process observed by Callomon . Although the numerical applications presented here are to benzene electronic relaxation processes, the theoretical developments also apply to and the calcultions illustrate general features of nonradiative decay in the statistical limit.
Opioid growth factor and the treatment of human pancreatic cancer: A review

Opioid growth factor (OGF), chemically termed [Met5]-enkephalin, and its receptor, OGF receptor (OGFr), form a biological axis that tonically regulates cell proliferation by delaying the G1/S interface of the cell cycle under homeostatic conditions or in neoplasia. Modulation of the OGF-OGFr pathway mediates the course of pancreatic cancer, with exogenous OGF or upregulation of OGFr repressing growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in culture and in nude mice. OGF therapy alone or in combination with standard chemotherapies such as gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil results in enhanced inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor growth. Molecular manipulation of OGFr confirms that the receptor is specific for OGF’s inhibitory action. Preclinical studies have warranted Phase I and Phase II clinical trials using OGF infusions as a treatment for patients with advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancers. OGF, an endogenous neuropeptide, is a safe, non-toxic, and effective biotherapy that utilizes the OGF-OGFr axis to mediate pancreatic tumor progression.
Long-delay backward taste-aversion conditioning with lithium.

Abstract In three experiments, rats exposed to a 1.0% solution of sodium saccharin 60 min after the injection of 15 ml/kg 0.12 M lithium chloride learned an aversion to the saccharin flavor, as evidenced by the suppression of saccharin intake during a test session conducted several days later. This long-delay backward taste-aversion conditioning was not influenced by the duration of access to saccharin (20 vs 60 min) following the lithium injection (Experiment 1). However, the effect was observed only with the 1.0% saccharin solution and not with a more dilute 0.1% solution (Experiments 2 and 3). These findings demonstrate lithium-induced backward taste-aversion conditioning with a much longer US-CS interval than previously reported and indicate that the failure to observe conditioning with long drug-to-taste intervals in certain situations may reflect ineffectiveness of the conditioning procedures used rather than brevity of the aversive drug aftereffects.
Simultaneous Orthogonal Chemoligations on Multiresponsive Microgels

We describe the straightforward synthesis of “clickable” multiresponsive microgels containing both carboxylic acid groups and azidohydrin or terminal alkyne groups, via a one-pot multistage polymerization approach. The clickable functional groups on the microgels were confirmed by FTIR. Additionally, we simultaneously performed “click” and acid−amine coupling reactions on microgels with fluorescent dyes containing complementary functional groups. Epifluorescence microscopy was employed to confirm the coupling of those dyes to the microgels. The orthogonality of the click reaction to other functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and amino groups was confirmed, suggesting the potential utility of such microgels in applications where multifunctional colloidal particles are required.
Counseling Persons With Disabilities: Are the Feelings, Thoughts, and Behaviors of Helping Professionals Helpful?

Seven counseling “syndromes,” with illustrative vignettes, focus on some of the feelings, thoughts, and consequent verbal and nonverbal behaviors of counselors working with physically disabled clients. Nathanson urges counselors and other helping professionals to become aware of their feelings and thoughts, and to monitor their interactions with disabled clients so that existing beliefs and biases will not interfere with positive client growth.
Segmentation of M-FISH Images for Improved Classification of Chromosomes With an Adaptive Fuzzy C-means Clustering Algorithm

An adaptive fuzzy c-means algorithm was developed and applied to the segmentation and classification of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) images, which can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities for cancer and genetic disease diagnosis. The algorithm improves the classical fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) by the use of a gain field, which models and corrects intensity inhomogeneities caused by a microscope imaging system, flairs of targets (chromosomes), and uneven hybridization of DNA. Other than directly simulating the inhomogeneousely distributed intensities over the image, the gain field regulates centers of each intensity cluster. The algorithm has been tested on an M-FISH database that we have established, which demonstrates improved performance in both segmentation and classification. When compared with other FCM clustering-based algorithms and a recently reported region-based segmentation and classification algorithm, our method gave the lowest segmentation and classification error, which will contribute to improved diagnosis of genetic diseases and cancers.
Brief Method for Assessing Social-Personal Orientation

Summary.-This srcdy reports the development of a brief measure of the construct "social-personal orientation" (SPO), defined as a tendency to define one's self-concept primarily in terms of social experiences or in rerms independent of social relntionships. Choices of "social" or "personal" terms on a 30-item adjective checklist were stable and internally consistent in three samples of college studects. Evidence on construct validity of the measure was obtained from responses of 88 males and 75 females to the Carlson Adjective Checklist and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) . Predicted sex differences and relationships of SPO to Sensation-Intuition and Thinking-Feeling type scores on the MBTI were confirmed at the ,001 level. Among the most pervasive individual differences to be found in personality literamre is a basic difference between people who see themselves as intrinsically involved with others and those who do not. Such a. disposition to respond to the social implications of experience has been variously represented in personality theory as a trait (e.g., sociability), a need (e.g., affiliation) an erg (e.g., gregariousness), or a type (e.g., extravert); an extensive literature of methodological and substantive research attests to the ubiquity of a socialresponsiveness variable. The present study reports the development of a brief measure of the construct "social-personal orientation" as an aspect of the self-concept. Socialpersonal orientation (SPO) refers to a tendency to define one's self-concept either in terms of social relationships or in terms independent of social relationships. No value connotations are implied by these terms: Social Orientation does not mean "other-directedness," "fitting-in," but simply means being positively oriented toward leople; Personal Orientation does not imply "selfishness" or "defensive withdrawal," but means being positively oriented toward qualities and experiences which are not primarily social. SPO may be distinguished from more inclusive, more "dynamic" formulations of a social responsiveness variable in that it (a) represents conscious cognitions which the person uses in organizing his experiences and (b) describes qualitatively whether one is socially or personally oriented, not how much or in what ways. Previous work established relationships between a questionnaire measure of SPO and indices of self-esteem, sociometric status, and parental identification in preadolescents (Carlson, 1963). Sex differences in the development and the correlates of SPO were found in a longitudinal study of adolescent development (Carlson, 1965), and later pilot investigations with adults yielded significant sex differences in SPO and relationships of SPO co Introversion-Extraversion type scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Figures of merit: the sequel

Science has marched on despite the appearance of the original "Figures of Merit" [18]. The purpose of this survey is to bring the community up to date on the most recent bounds, so that we may collaborate to improve them.
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates serine378 in vitronectin

We previously observed that Ser378 in the heparin-binding domain of vitronectin becomes phosphorylated by a protein kinase in plasma upon addition of ATP and divalent cations. We now report that purified plasma vitronectin contains approximately 2.5 mol of phosphate per mol of protein and that vitronectin becomes phosphorylated during biosynthesis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. In vitro, rabbit muscle cAMP-dependent protein kinase specifically phosphorylates Ser378 in single-chain (75 kDa) vitronectin but does not phosphorylate the two-chain (65/10 kDa) form cleaved at Arg379. Heparin affects neither the time course nor the extent of phosphorylation of Ser378 at neutral pH. The extent of phosphorylation of Ser378 achieved with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (greater than or equal to 0.3 mol phosphate per mol vitronectin) is greater than that obtainable in plasma and should enable comparisons to be made of the activities of the native and phosphorylated forms.
Genetic Relatèdness and its Application in Selective Breeding of Agaricus Brunnescens

Thirty-four commercial and 162 research-maintained lines of Agaricus brunnescens were assigned to 27 genotypic classes based on allelic variability at five biochemical loci. Coefficients of genetic similarity between genotypic classes were determined. Three comparisons of genetic relatedness were made to determine the best lines from which to generate homokaryons (breeding stock) for crossing. Comparisons of relatedness included mean, highest, and lowest coefficients of genetic similarity between genotypic classes. A dendrogram was constructed from similarity coefficients to provide further insights into the relationships of these classes. A comprehensive and practical approach to the development of improved cultivars of the commercial mushroom by increasing variation within and among lines is discussed.
The American Kinesiology Association Undergraduate Core Curriculum

This article describes the elements of the undergraduate core in kinesiology that have been established by the American Kinesiology Association. The American Kinesiology Association also describes a set of ten student-learning outcomes that emanate from the four core content elements. This information has been developed by the American Kinesiology Association to provide guidance regarding the development of locally appropriate curricula and learning outcomes for American Kinesiology Association member institutions. The American Kinesiology Association Core Curriculum is considered to be in the public domain and the American Kinesiology Association reserves the right to reproduce the document in a number of venues and formats. The American Kinesiology Association believes that increased communication relative to this topic will lead to enhanced communication across kinesiology programs which will in turn will lead to an informed sharing of ideas and perspectives. This will result in enhanced curricula in A...
Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents.

Abstract Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are common features of obesity in humans and experimental animals. It has been demonstrated that metformin, an antihyperglycemic agent, decreases hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance leading to decreased adiposity in obese and non[ndash ]insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) adults. To evaluate the antiobesity effect of metformin, we conducted a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial in 24 hyperinsulinemic nondiabetic obese adolescents (body mass index [BMI] [gt ]30 kg/m 2 ). All subjects were placed on a low-calorie (1,500 kcal for women and 1,800 kcal for men) meal plan. After an initial 1-week lead-in period, 12 subjects (mean [plusmn] SE for age and BMI, 15.6 [plusmn] 0.4 and 41.2 [plusmn] 1.8, respectively) received metformin (850 mg twice daily) for 8 weeks, and 12 subjects (mean [plusmn] SE for age and BMI, 15.7 [plusmn] 0.5 and 40.8 [plusmn] 1.4, respectively) received placebo. Compared to the placebo group, the metformin group had greater weight loss (6.5% [plusmn] 0.8% v 3.8 [plusmn] 0.4%, P [lt ] .01), greater decrease in body fat ( P [lt ] .001), greater increase in fat-free mass to body fat ratio ( P [lt ] .005), and greater attenuation of area under the curve (AUC) insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test ( P [lt ] .001). This was associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity, as determined by the fasting plasma glucose:insulin, 2-hour glucose:insulin, and AUC glucose:AUC insulin ratios, in the metformin group compared to controls ( P [lt ] .01). This corresponded to a significant reduction in plasma leptin ( P [lt ] .005), cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels ( P [lt ] .05) only in the metformin-treated subjects. Combined metformin treatment and low-calorie diet had a significant antiobesity effect in hyperinsulinemic obese adolescents compared to a low-calorie diet alone.
Musical instrument classification using neural networks

In this paper, a system for automatic classification of musical instrument sounds is introduced. As features mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and as classifiers probabilistic neural networks are used. The experimental dataset included 4548 solo tones from 19 instruments of MIS database (The University of Iowa Musical Instrument Samples). Experiments for different system structures (hierarchical and direct classification) were carried out and compared. The best performance in direct classification was 92% for individual instruments and 97% for families; and 89% for individual instruments when hierarchical approach is used.
Quality of care for medicaid-covered youth treated with antidepressant therapy.

Background Although antidepressant use has increased in pediatric populations, few studies have addressed the quality of follow-up care or duration of treatment for depressed youth. Objective To evaluate the quality of care for antidepressant-treated youth, using the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set guidelines (≥3 visits in the 3 months after a new antidepressant prescription fill and continuation of antidepressant use at 3 and 6 months) as a benchmark. Design Administrative records were examined for 1205 Medicaid-covered youth (aged 5-18 years) who presented with a "new episode" of depression in 1998. Statistics were generated to describe the number of follow-up visits and duration of treatment within 6 months of first prescription fill. Results A total of 507 (42.1%) youth with new episodes of depression were treated with antidepressants. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors accounted for 80.9% of prescriptions. Twenty-eight percent (28.1%) of youth with an antidepressant fill had 3 or more follow-up visits in the subsequent 3 months; however, an additional 29.2% had no further provider visits. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were continued by 46.6% of treated youth at 3 months and by 26.3% at 6 months. Conclusions Many antidepressant-treated youth do not receive adequate follow-up or duration of treatment. Future studies should address reasons for poor follow-up and methods to improve monitoring for these youth.
LOCAL SCALE VEGETATION MAPPING AND ECOTONE ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHERN COAST RANGE, CALIFORNIA

Plant communities in the southern Coast Range of California form a mosaic with discrete to gradual transitions between multiple vegetation types. To accurately portray this pattern and to quantify the areal coverage of ecotonal space, a new method of mapping vegetation was developed. Vegetation stands were classified and mapped in separate GIS layers to the full extent of their respective suite of indicator species. Since all stands were mapped in this way, the overlap of different communities in the GIS represents ecotonal space. Vegetation mapping was entirely ground-based using a GPS receiver. Vegetation classification followed the Holland and Keil scheme. Eleven plant communities were identified within the 92.6 ha study area. This mapping method revealed that 32% of the total area was ecotonal and that the majority of plant communities exhibited a greater portion of their total area as ecotone than as discrete space. This finding suggests that typical vegetation maps depicting discrete boundaries between all vegetation types may misrepresent a nontrivial proportion of the area mapped. In addition, because ecotones are ecologically significant and important to conservation, the portrayal of transitional space between communities is worth consideration in the future creation of vegetation maps within California.
An accurate RMS-DC voltage comparator

An accurate RMS-DC voltage comparator based on an inexpensive solid-state dual-heater-type converter has been developed. The instrument is designed to operate as a null meter with a range of +or-1000 p.p.m. of nominal test voltages used in high-accuracy AC calibrations. Test results show that the comparator can determine the RMS value of AC voltages for its 5- and 7-V inputs with an accuracy of better than +or-50 p.p.m. for frequencies of 50 Hz to 200 kHz. Voltage inputs of 100 and 120 V can be measured with an accuracy of better than +or-30 p.p.m. for frequencies of 50 Hz to 100 kHz. >
Center of excellence for headache care: group model at Kaiser Permanente.

Objective.—To evaluate the effectiveness of a disease management model for primary headache by: (1) assessing improvement in patients' quality of life, (2) decreasing headache-related visits to primary care and emergency departments, and (3) maintaining high levels of patient and physician satisfaction. Background.—Patients with headache regularly seek health care but, in general, are dissatisfied with the care they receive. Patients with primary headaches utilize resources and cost health plans more than patients with other chronic diseases. Primary care visits are time restricted, prohibiting adequate headache evaluation and management. Practice guidelines are inconsistently followed, and access to headache specialists is limited. This headache management program implemented an alternative means of delivering care to manage large volumes of patients with headache. A multidisciplinary team approach coordinated by a neurologist, utilizing education and a nurse practitioner as the main provider of care, was the central process of the program. Methods.—This was a pilot study involving a prospective cohort with defined outcome measures. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with primary headaches. Patients initially attended an educational session instructed by a neurologist and a nurse practitioner. The patient was subsequently evaluated by the nurse practitioner who developed and coordinated a comprehensive individual treatment plan. The Migraine-Specific Quality of Life and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Questionnaires were completed at baseline, at follow-up visits, and 6 months after completion of the program. Subjective patient assessment of improvement in their headaches, chart review for tabulation of headache-related visits, and primary care physician satisfaction surveys were measured. Results.—Both the Migraine-Specific questionnaire and the Short Form-36 measurements demonstrated a statistically significant improvement at 8 weeks, and this was maintained for 6 months after completing the program. At completion of the program, 92% of patients reported subjective improvement. Patient visits for headaches to primary care and emergency departments showed a significant decrease. High levels of satisfaction for primary care physicians were achieved. Conclusions.—A disease management model using a multidisciplinary team improved individualized patient care. This model increased patient/provider rapport and communication through an educational class. It empowered the patient to take control of their health care by utilizing shared decision making. Patient satisfaction improved and overall health care utilization was reduced.
HRPD-A downlink voice/IP and data throughput and delay analysis

HRPD-A adds new forward and reverse link rates and a forward link multi-user packet capability at the MAC layer. Completed simulations reveal the performance characteristics of this system in the 1.9 GHz frequency band. These characteristics consist of capacities of voice/IP traffic and mixed data and voice/IP traffic. Downlink data traffic models consist of FTP, HTTP (Web browsing), WAP, and video streaming models. The simulation assumptions include the ITU channel models and 3GPP2 data traffic models.
Paternalistic or Participatory Governance? Examining Opportunities for Client Participation in Nonprofit Social Service Organizations

Nonproﬁ ts represent a substantial group of third-party agents that deliver public services, yet little is known about the extent to which these organizations embrace participatory governance practices. Using survey data from nonproﬁ t social service agencies in Michigan, the author examines how these organizations provide opportunities for client participation and identiﬁ es factors that contribute to these practices. Four methods of securing client involvement are examined: participation in agency work groups, client feedback surveys, advisory boards and committees, and client service on the agency board of directors. Th e results indicate that government funding plays a systematic role in promoting these activities within nonproﬁ ts. Th ese ﬁ ndings carry important implications for the government–nonproﬁ t contract relationship by demonstrating that government funding shapes the practices of nonproﬁ ts in ways that promote democratic governance.
Detecting and mapping thematic changes in transient networks

Research fronts are the forefront of a scientific field timely identifying emerging trends and abrupt changes in scientific literature is not only beneficial for users of digital libraries, but also instrumental for users to trace the movement of a research front. A research front can be seen as a dynamic and transient mapping from the state of the art to its immediate prior art - the intellectual base. Citation and co-citation analysis primarily focuses on the structure and dynamics of the intellectual base, information retrieval and related research mainly focuses on intrinsic properties of text documents. In this article, we describe a novel approach that enables us to detect and visualize the transient relationship over time. Temporal associations between content words connected to a surge of interest in scientific papers and high-impact articles in the intellectual base are identified and visualized as a time-variant network. We apply the approach to the detection of thematic changes over time in information visualization and research in terrorism.
REGOLITHS ON SMALL BODIES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

A regolith is defined as a layer or mantle of loose, incoherent, rocky material of whatever origin, that nearly everywhere forms the surface of the land and rests on coherent bedrock. The regoliths on many planetary bodies are the result of continual impacts, which transform coherent surfaces into fragmental debris. The present investigation is concerned with the special case of regolith formation and evolution on small objects, such as asteroids and meteorite parent bodies. First order models of regolith evolution on asteroidal surfaces are constructed on the basis of data provided by studies of lunar samples and meteorites. It appears that regolith formation proceeds by deposition of discrete layers of the widely spread ejecta primarily from the larger impacts. Moderate-size (100-300 km diameter) asteroids are covered by modest regoliths of the order of one km in depth. Small rocky asteroids develop negligible regoliths.
Signal Decomposition using Multiscale Admixture Models

Admixture models are "mixtures of mixtures" that decompose an object into multiple latent components, with the component proportions varying stochastically across objects. Recent work in machine learning has successfully developed admixture models for text, and work in population genetics has developed such models to analyze complex groups of individuals having mixed ancestry. We introduce a family of graphical admixture models for decomposing a signal into multiple components based on a wavelet representation of the signal. Two models are developed, one using a fixed segmentation of the signal, another using recursive dyadic partitioning. Variational algorithms are derived for inferring mixture proportions and estimating parameters.
Analysis of the phrenic neurogram during hypoxia and recovery in the piglet

We investigate the patterns of the phrenic neurogram during severe hypoxia and recovery from hypoxia in the piglet. We have used the matching pursuit (MP) method to examine the effects of maturation on breathing patterns in both time and frequency domains. The phrenic neurogram in piglets was recorded during eupnea (normal breathing), severe hypoxia and recovery from hypoxia in 8 piglets (3-35 days). During the first 6 days of postnatal age, most circular structured components, representing the burst type breathing activities, were present during eupnea, hypoxia and recovery from hypoxia. But the hypoxia significantly reduced the duration of the phrenic neurogram. The duration was restored after 10 min post recovery. However as maturation proceeds, both continuous and burst type neural activities were present at the late phase of the phrenic neurogram during eupnea. Similarly, during hypoxia, the duration of phrenic neurograms was smaller than those of eupnea, and breathing patterns consisted of circular structured components. The reoxygenation restored the continuous structured components at both early and late phases of phrenic neurogram after 20-30 min post reoxygenation.
Biogeographic consequences of nutrient enrichment for plant–herbivore interactions in coastal wetlands

A major challenge in ecology is to understand broadscale trends in the impact of environmental change. We provide the first integrative analysis of the effects of eutrophication on plants, herbivores, and their interactions in coastal wetlands across latitudes. We show that fertilisation strongly increases herbivory in salt marshes, but not in mangroves, and that this effect increases with increasing latitude in salt marshes. We further show that stronger nutrient effects on plant nitrogen concentration at higher latitudes is the mechanism likely underlying this pattern. This biogeographic variation in nutrient effects on plant–herbivore interactions has consequences for vegetation, with those at higher latitudes being more vulnerable to consumer pressure fuelled by eutrophication. Our work provides a novel, mechanistic understanding of how eutrophication affects plant–herbivore systems predictably across broad latitudinal gradients, and highlights the power of incorporating biogeography into understanding large-scale variability in the impacts of environmental change.
Padé and K-matrix approximations to the O(2N) model for large N.

The Pade approximation and the {ital K} matrix are techniques for constructing perturbative amplitudes which satisfy two-body unitarity exactly. We apply these approximations to the Goldstone-boson scattering amplitude in a spontaneously broken O(2{ital N}) model, in the large-{ital N} limit, and compare with the exact amplitude (to leading order in 1/{ital N}). The ({ital r},{ital r}) Pade approximation reproduces the exact large-{ital N} amplitude for all {ital r}. The {ital K} matrix, at any finite order, yields an amplitude which is qualitatively similar to, but not identical to, the exact amplitude.
ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AT WORK: Organizational and Personal Influences

This study focuses on those features of organizations and individuals that are associated with the development of romantic relationships among employees. Likelihood of romantic involvement was found to be negatively related to formalization and curvilinearly related to organizational size. Neither participativeness nor climate were associated with organizational romance. In addition, the data showed that women who were younger, newer, and of lower rank were most likely to enter into a relationship. Education was positively related to likelihood of romance for males, but not for females.
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the stomach: case report and review of the literature

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (fdcs) is a rare entity, often presenting a diagnostic challenge for both the pathologist and the clinician. It accounts for only 0.4% of soft-tissue sarcomas, and its underlying causes are largely unknown. Most of these tumours occur in lymph nodes, and extranodal involvement is uncommon. In the gastrointestinal tract, fdcs is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of primary fdcs originating in the stomach. Upon review of the literature, we identified only 2 additional cases of fdcs presenting as a primary stomach tumour. Given the rarity of this tumour in gastrointestinal sites and the lack of consensus on treatment, evaluation of this entity must continue.
A probabilistic sampling method (PSM) for estimating geographic distance to health services when only the region of residence is known

Background The need to estimate the distance from an individual to a service provider is common in public health research. However, estimated distances are often imprecise and, we suspect, biased due to a lack of specific residential location data. In many cases, to protect subject confidentiality, data sets contain only a ZIP Code or a county.
Stable, high-order computation of traveling water waves in three dimensions

The Euler equations of free-surface ocean dynamics constitute a model of central importance in fluid mechanics due to the wide range of physical phenomena they are intended to represent, from shoaling and breaking of waves in nearshore regions to energy and momentum transport in the open ocean. From a mathematical perspective, these equations present rather unique challenges for analysis and simulation as they couple the subtleties of nonlinear wave equations (balancing nonlinearity with dispersion in the absence of dissipation) to the difficulties of free-boundary problems. In this paper a new, stable high-order boundary perturbation algorithm for the numerical simulation of traveling water waves is described. Its performance is compared to that of classical surface deformation algorithms and it is shown that the new scheme displays significantly enhanced conditioning properties and a lower computational cost, which enable very accurate predictions of physical observables such as velocity, energy, height/steepness, and shape.
The challenge of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected children.

A Organizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS) estima que dois milhoes de criancas com menos de 15 anos estejam infectadas pelo HIV-1. Embora a maioria das criancas infectadas viva na Africa subsaariana,mais de 10.000 dentre as estimadas 730.000 pessoas infectadas pelo HIV-1 no Brasil provavelmente sao criancas. A extensao da epidemia do HIV-1 nas criancas reflete os fatores de risco de infeccao pelo HIV-1 na populacao adulta e a frequencia com que a infeccao da mae pelo HIV-1 nao e detectada e a transmissaomae-filho nao e prevenida. O tratamento do HIV-1 em criancas emais desafiador doqueemadultos e esta associado a um maior risco de falha virologica.
The effects of perspective taking on motivations for helping: Still no evidence for altruism.

To investigate the existence of true altruism, the authors assessed the link between empathic concern and helping by (a) employing an experimental perspective-taking paradigm used previously to demonstrate empathy-associated helping and (b) assessing the empathy-helping relationship while controlling for a range of relevant, well-measured nonaltruistic motivations. Consistent with previous research, the authors found a significant zero-order relationship between helping and empathic concern, the purported motivator of true altruism. This empathy-helping relationship disappeared, however, when nonaltruistic motivators (oneness and negative affect) were taken into account: Only the nonaltruistic factors of oneness (merged identity with the victim) and negative affect mediated helping, whereas empathic concern did not. Evidence for true altruism remains elusive.
A Bipolar Vacuum Microelectronic Device

This report provides the first demonstration of a vacuum microelectronic device that utilizes both positive and negative charge states (i.e., a bipolar vacuum microelectronic device), thus enabling the possibility of device designs that are not previously possible in traditional vacuum microelectronics. In the same way that complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (complimentary n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS) were required in solid-state electronics before digital logic applications could be addressed, vacuum microelectronic devices benefit from a second charge state to realize many applications. This advance could enable integrated circuits for radiation-intensive environments (nuclear power facilities and space-based communications such as satellites) and high-temperature applications (engines and materials processing). A microelectromechanical systems platform was used to construct pentode structures with integrated carbon nanotube field emitters for electron emission and bias electrodes for separate electron- and ion-current modulation. Ions were generated via electron impact in an argon ambient, and devices were tested in both voltage sweep and pulsed modes. Current that is greater than 2 mA/cm2 was modulated at the anode between ion and electron collection, demonstrating that this novel platform has the potential to foster a new class of bipolar vacuum microelectronics.
Estimating blood-brain barrier opening in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation with Patlak plots of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI.

Patlak plot processing [2, 3] of Gd-shifted T1 relaxation-time images from a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation yielded estimates and maps of the blood-to-brain influx rate constant of Gd-DTPA (K1). The Patlak plots also produced a heretofore unrecognized parameter, the distribution space of the intravascularGd-shifted protons (Vp), an index of blood-to-tissue transfer of water. The K1 values for Gd-DTPA were very high for the regions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and were similar to those of 14C-sucrose concurrently obtained by quantitative autoradiographic (QAR) analysis. In these same ROI’s, Vp was five-fold greater than normal, which suggests that the permeability of the BBB to water was also increased. The 14C-sucrose space of distribution in the ischemic ROI’s was around 8%, thus indicating a sizable interstitial space. The spatial resolving power of Gd-DTPA-ΔT1 imaging was rather good, although no match for 14C-sucrose-QAR. This study shows that quantitative ΔT1-MRI estimates of regional blood-brain transfer constants of Gd-DTPA and water distribution are possible when Patlak plots are employed to process the data. This approach may be useful for tracking the time-course of BBB barrier function in both animals and humans.
Using texture analyses of contrast enhanced CT to assess hepatic fibrosis.

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-0524 / Using Texture Analyses of Contrast Enhanced CT to Assess Hepatic Fibrosis" by: "N. Daginawala1, B. Tischler1, K. Buch2, H. Yu1, B. Li1, J. A. Soto1, S. Anderson1; 1Boston, MA/US, 2Westborough, MA/US"
Speaking Up For Science

Communicating science and being an advocate for public support of research are critical roles for scientists. However, despite having the most relevant expertise, many of us do not get involved in matters bridging science and policy. Here I discuss the importance of science advocacy by researchers, and present strategies for communicating the relevance of your work to the public and elected officials, including the crafting of a two-minute pitch – a valuable skill for all scientists.
Solvation and Rotation Dynamics in the Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Chloride Ionic Liquid/Methanol Cosolvent System

The interactions and solvent structure in trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride ionic liquid ([P14,6,6,6+][Cl–], “PIL-Cl”)/methanol (MeOH) solutions across the entire range of mole fraction PIL-Cl (xIL = 0–1) are discussed. Viscosity and conductivity measurements are used to characterize the bulk solvent properties. At xIL 0.1 where the data vary linearly with mole fraction. Conductivity data show a maximum at xIL = 0.03 in good agreement with conductivity measurements in imidazolium ILs. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies were used to measure the equilibrium, lifetime, and rotational response of coumarin 153 (C153) in neat and MeOH cosolvent modified PIL-Cl. The collective set of data depicts the formation of an increasingly aggregated solvent structure that changes in proportion to the amount of PIL-Cl present in MeOH. Average solvation and rotation times are found to scale wi...
On the Causes of Peanut “Pouts”

For many years the cause of the widespread diseaselike injury of peanuts known as “pouts” has been attributed to various factors, such as soil conditions, boron deficiency, leafhoppers, and thrips. In 1938 S. B. Fenne, then of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, submitted specimens of injured peanut plants from Tifton, Ga., on which thrips were found and identified as Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) by Floyd Andre, of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture. Again, in 1939, Lawrence I. Miller, of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, collected thrips in Nansemond County, Va., which he reported were apparently injuring peanuts and which he later suspected of causing “pouts.” From this collection Dr. Andre identified F. fusca and F. tritici (Fitch).
Cultural Processes and the Connections Among Home, School, and Community

In this chapter, sociocultural theory forms the basis for a discussion of family–school–community (FSC) partnerships in cultural context. We show how inquiry regarding FSC partnerships is strengthened when attention is paid to five theoretical principles: (a) awareness of the appropriate level of analysis for understanding cultural processes; (b) attention to the contemporary and historical contexts of cultural models about parenting; (c) consideration of intragroup-variability, and of stability as well as change in beliefs and practices; (d) awareness of parent involvement behaviors that diverge from those typically employed by white, middle-class, nonimmigrant parents; and (e) focus on the culturally specific meanings of involvement practices to parents and children. To illustrate the benefits and challenges of studying FSC in cultural context, we review the literature on parental engagement and school outreach with respect to Chinese–American families. Our review reveals that Chinese–American parents are not likely to engage in conventional forms of parent involvement, and are rarely specifically invited to participate in FSC partnerships by the schools their children attend. Rather, Chinese–American parents frequently draw upon social capital available in their own families and in their communities for assistance in supporting their children. The meaning and effects of parents’ high academic expectations and use of psychological control practices are also discussed. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research on cultural processes and FSC partnerships.
Investigation on occupational health status of an epoxy molding compound manufacturing enterprise in Lianyungang City

[Objective]To understand the status of occupational hazards in an epoxy molding compound manufacturing enterprise of Lianyungang City,put forward the reasonable protective measures,and improve the prevention level of occupational diseases in this enterprise.[Methods]The investigation on basic occupational health status,occupational health protection facilities,use of personal protective equipments,and occupational health training among workers was conducted in this epoxy molding compound manufacturing enterprise. The detection data of occupational hazard factors in the workplace and occupational health examination data of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in this enterprise in 2012 were collected,and a descriptive statistical analysis was performed by Excel 2003 software.[Results]The occupational health management system in this enterprise was basically perfect,but its implementation was not satisfactory. The main occupational hazard factors included dust( silicon dust and phenolic resin dust),chemical poisons( acetone and epoxy resin),and physical factors( noise). The exceeding standard rate was noise,dust and silicon dust( respirable dust) was 43. 7%,36. 4% and 37. 5%,respectively. There were dustproof and anti-poison facilities in some workplaces. 503 workers received the in-service occupational health examination,and 143( 28. 43%) had the abnormal results in chest X-ray and audiometry. The workers with abnormal results of chest X-ray mainly concentrated in the preforming,proportioning and packaging posts,while most of workers with abnormal results of audiometry were engaged in ball milling,proportioning,performing and extrusion. 26 workers were the observation objects of noise-induced occupational hearing loss.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazard factors in this enterprise are dust and noise,and the concentrations/strengths have exceeded the standard in different degrees,which indicates that there is a high risk of occupational diseases. It is necessary to carry out the comprehensive protective measures,to effectively protect the laborers' health.
Inventor Name Disambiguation for a Patent Database Using a Random Forest and DBSCAN

Inventor name disambiguation is the task that distinguishes each unique inventor from all other inventor records in a patent database. This task is essential for processing person name queries in order to get information related to a specific inventor, e.g. a list of all that inventor's patents. Using earlier work on author name disambiguation, we apply it to inventor name disambiguation. A random forest classifier is trained to classify whether each pair of inventor records is the same person. The DBSCAN algorithm is use for inventor record clustering, and its distance function is derived using the random forest classifier. For scalability, blocking functions are used to reduce the complexity of record matching and enable parallelization since each block can be run simultaneously. Tested on the USPTO patent database, 12 million inventor records were disambiguated in 6.5 hours. Evaluation on the labeled datasets from USPTO PatentsView competition shows our algorithm outperforms all algorithms submitted to the competition.