cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An optimized isolated 5V EDMOS in 55nm LPx platform for use in Power Amplifier applications

Power Amplifier (PA) modules are becoming more and more complex in modern wireless systems. In order to meet the efficiency/linearity design schemes such as Envelope elimination and restoration (EER) and Envelope tracking (ET) are increasingly becoming popular in PA applications. This paper describes an optimized isolated 5V EDMOS in 55nm Low Power extended (LPx) platform which is ideal for use in the bias modulator and controller of the PA module. Industry leading Rsp of 0.96 mohm-mm2 for high voltage NMOS and 2.6 mohm-mm2 for the high voltage PMOS is reported. Drain to source breakdown voltages of 10.5V was achieved for these devices. Due to special considerations given to optimizing the CGD capacitance while maintaining the Rsp, high Johnson's figure of merit (fT*BVDS) of 536 GHz-V and 168 GHz-V were achieved for the NMOS and PMOS respectively.
Population and Income as Drivers of Global Change

This chapter begins by reviewing the historical relationship between population and cropland expansion. It also considers the role of per capita income growth in shaping land use—particularly land devoted to non-agricultural uses, including forests, over the historical record. We then turn to the consideration of population as a determinant of future land use reviewing the basic concepts in demography, including the demographic transition, as well as a summary of the latest population projections to 2050. We also consider the interplay between population growth and current differences in consumption patterns across regions. Many of these differences are driven by per capita incomes. As population growth slows down relative to historical growth rates, it is expected that per capita incomes will play a larger role in driving overall food consumption. Therefore we next turn to the role of income as a determinant of consumption behavior. This includes discussions on dietary upgrading—the shift in consumption from starchy foods towards meats, dairy and processed foods—as well as the statistical evidence on how consumers’ responses to food prices and to additional income vary by income level. The chapter concludes with projections to 2050, based on the SIMPLE model, in which we explore the implications of population and income growth rates over this future period on global food demand and land use change.
Opportunities to interpret: a methodological discussion of insider research, perceptions of the researcher, and knowledge production

AbstractInsider research is increasingly common in sociocultural studies of sport. Less common is insider research in socio-historical work. As a women’s lacrosse umpire and a lacrosse scholar, I maintain multiple investments in the sport; this insider perspective and role fosters unique considerations during the research process. In this article, I assess my position as an insider in women’s lacrosse and the manners in which relationships – both actual and perceived – impact knowledge production. My experiences and this article exemplify the importance of consistent reflexivity throughout the research process; my role as an umpire was ever-present, even when I was unaware in the moment. Reflexivity enabled my recognition and analysis of this status. A researcher’s multiple group and professional affiliations, whether consciously employed or tacitly assumed, impact the knowledge that is shared and produced.
In-sourcing Versus Outsourcing

This paper focuses on the outcome of outsourcing and in-sourcing operations for the companies, and what are the reasons that push business to decide outsourcing some part of their products. In addition, this study compares the features of in-sourcing and outsourcing to show the aims of each approach and the effect they have on businesses.
High Velocity Selective Gold Plating of Integrated Circuit Lead Frames

SummaryThe masking techniques used in the selective gold plating of planar components has necessitated the investigation of high speed processes for economic reasons. A number of process variables affecting the limiting current density are studied and electrodeposits produced by high speed techniques are examined. A simple functional test for gold plated integrated circuit lead frames is described and is used to evaluate deposits produced under various conditions including those from contaminated electrolytes.
Design and implementation of a low-cost and compact floating gate drive power circuit for GaN-based flying capacitor multi-level converters

A major challenge in the implementation of flying capacitor multi-level (FCML) converters is providing power to the gate drive circuits. A common method is to use isolated DC/DC converters, which are bulky, expensive and energy inefficient. This work discusses the design and implementation of an alternative gate drive power supply circuit, which utilizes three techniques termed cascaded bootstrap, double charge pump and gate-driven charge pump. These techniques leverage the inherent properties of GaN switches and the FCML topology to transfer power to floating switches, and can be implemented with capacitors and diodes only. Experimental results show that the proposed circuit can cut the size of the power stage of a state-of-the-art 7-level FCML converter by half, at 1/6 of the cost.
Toward quantitative characterization of essential tremor for future tremor suppression

Tremor is the most common movement deficit and manifests in a variety of disorders, including Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, Dystonia, and Cerebellar Ataxia. Although medication and surgical interventions have significantly reduced patient suffering, they are only partially effective and can carry undesired side effects, leaving many patients without satisfactory treatment options. Wearable tremor-suppressing devices could provide an alternative to medication and surgery. Multiple research groups have developed orthotic prototypes to low-pass filter tremor, but these devices have not yet been optimized for in-vivo use. Optimizing non-invasive tremor suppression requires an understanding of where the tremor originates mechanically (which muscles) and how it propagates to the hand (where it matters most). Here we present on the beginnings of our multi-pronged work to determine the origin, propagation, and distribution of Essential Tremor, and we provide preliminary results.
Beyond the clinic? Eluding a medical diagnosis of anorexia through narrative:

The persistence and recurrence of anorexia nervosa poses a clinical challenge, and provides support for critiques of oppressive and injurious facets of society inscribed on women's bodies. This essay illustrates how a phenomenological, linguistic anthropological approach fruitfully traverses clinical and cultural perspectives by directing attention beyond the embodied experience of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa to those who are not clinically diagnosed. Extending a model of illness and recovery as entailing sufferers' emplotting of past, present, and imagined future selves, I argue that women's accounts of their experiences do not simply reflect lived reality, but actually propel health-relevant states of being by enlivening and creating these realities in the process of their telling. In indexical interaction with public and clinical discourses, narratives' grammar, lexicon, and plot structures modify subjects' experiences and interpretations of the events and feelings recounted. This article builds on the insight that linear narratives of "full recovery" that adopt a clinical and feminist voice can help tellers stay recovered, whereas for those "struggling to recover," a genre of contingent, uncertain, sideshadowing narratives alternatively renders recovery an elusive and ambivalently desired object. This essay then identifies a third narrative genre, eluding a diagnosis, which combines elements of the first two genres to paradoxically keep its teller simultaneously sheltered from, and invisible to the well-meaning clutches of medical care, leaving her suffering, yet free, to starve. This focus on narrative genres illustrates the utility of linguistic analyses for discerning and interpreting distress in subclinical populations.
Rethinking Global AIDS Governance

In this chapter, we detail how the external review of the Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) was used by the GPA Management Committee and, more particularly, its donors to review and reform the global AIDS response, particularly the role of World Health Organization (WHO). We describe the results of the review, notably the recommendation that GPA's mandate needed “clarification, reaffirmation, reform, and operationalization.” Complicating matters was the controversial reelection of WHO Director-General Hiroshi Nakajima to serve a second term. Following the external review, a series of meetings and consultations were held that resulted in a resolution in the World Health Assembly to study the feasibility of a joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, setting in motion a new chapter in global AIDS governance.
The Fruitless Pursuit of Nudging Healthy Behavior: Comment on Lin, Osman, and Ashcroft

The premise of Lin, Osman, and Ashcroft (this issue) is that nudge theory can be applied in all aspects of public life to improve people’s health and well-being. Unfortunately, the literature they ...
Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk: a spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of neighbourhood disorder around alcohol outlets to pedestrian injury risk. Methods A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2015 (n=858), off-premise alcohol outlet locations for 2014 (n=693) and neighbourhood disorder indicators and demographics. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine the relationship between alcohol outlet count and pedestrian injuries at the block group level, controlling for other neighbourhood factors. Attributable risk was calculated by comparing the total population count per census block group to the injured pedestrian count. Results Each one-unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14.2% (95% CI 1.099 to 1.192, P Conclusions This study identifies modifiable risk factors for pedestrian injury previously unexplored in the literature and may provide evidence for alcohol control strategies (eg, liquor store licencing, zoning and enforcement).
DEEP Operating Manual

This chapter presents a concise operating manual for DEEP 2.0. The first section lists every menu option along with a short description of its purpose and the page number on which more details can be found if the short description is not sufficient.
The High-Risk Bariatric Patient

With the increased incidence of obesity, there has been a concomitant rise in the number of patients referred for surgical weight loss, as well as the number of surgeons and centers offering bariatric surgery. Although surgery offers the greatest odds for durable weight loss for many of the most obese individuals, the incidence of perioperative mortality with these procedures has been reported to be as high as 1.5%, and morbidity exceeds 10% in most series.
Breaking the I/O Bottleneck with the CRAY Solid-State Storage Device

The use of the CRAY Solid-state Storage Device as a secondary memory device for large-scale problems in computational fluid dynamics is reported. The high data transfer rate and low access time of the SSD essentially eliminates the I/O-wait penalty. Hardware details, user impact (minimal, the SSD is used like a conventional disk drive), several examples of its use, and the relative performance of I/O types are discussed.
Understanding Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

It is estimated that over 200,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2012 and approximately 40,000 women will die from their disease. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and does not overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) represents approximately 15 % of all breast cancers and is often associated with a more aggressive underlying biology. Patients with TNBC more often experience rapid disease progression with poorer disease-related and overall survival in the first few years after diagnosis in comparison to their hormone-receptor positive counterparts. Furthermore, this subset of breast cancers has limited therapeutic options aside from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents as they do not benefit from generally well-tolerated endocrine-targeted therapies and anti-HER2 drugs. In this chapter we will review the epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis and the varied molecular and clinicopathologic features that characterize TNBC. In addition this review summarizes the available data for the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of TNBC and explores the ongoing development of targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of this subgroup of breast cancers.
Tailoring PCIT for Latino/a Families

The Latino/a community is a diverse population encompassing various races, cultural beliefs and practices, acculturation levels, and countries of origin. Many Latino/a families face challenges such as migration and acculturation stress, language barriers, separation from family members, disruption of support systems, discrimination, social inequalities, and poverty. These stressors place many Latino/a children at heightened risk for mental health issues. However, Latino/a families experience significant disparities in access to and quality of health services compared to non-Latino/a Caucasians, even when controlling for socio-demographic variables. In this chapter, we review research on the application of standard PCIT and adaptations of PCIT among Latino/a families, highlighting the advantages and challenges in implementation. A case example of PCIT with a Latino/a family is discussed. The most rigorous research suggests that PCIT is efficacious in treating Latino/a families with and without adaptations, and is readily tailored without altering its structure or core content. Multiple aspects of standard PCIT have been found to be consistent with cultural values within the Latino/a community. Necessary next steps include developing innovative ways to improve access to evidence-based services for families who need them.
Development of an XML Web based motion capture data warehousing and translation system for collaborative animation projects

While motion capture has been hailed as a way to achieve extremely realistic animation in a costeffective manner, many animators are reluctant to use it or to intermix it with keyframing techniques in situations where they are required to collaborate with other production personnel due to the lack of consistent software performance. The myriad of different file formats and the performance of those formats across different animation packages have limited the penetration of this technology into the production environment. The author details the development of an ASP web based application which archives segmented motion capture data into an intermediate XML format and then allows the users of the system to dynamically retrieve the data in standard Biovision segmented data format (BVA), Lightwave3D motion dump format, and Adaptive Optics Associates (AOA) motion capture format. The net result is a dynamic web enabled systems that allows users of Avid SoftImage 3D, AliasWavefront Maya, Newteck LightWave 3D, and Kinetix 3D Studio Max to exchange segmented motion capture data.
Supply Chain Management (Part 2 of 2): Application Applied to Food Fraud Prevention

This chapter presents the application of supply chain management practices to food fraud prevention. There are SCM systems that are created to address current concerns and also to comply with laws, regulations, certifications, standards, and common practices. This chapter will expand on the previous review of the SCM fundamentals and address several key application challenges as well as the presentation of some specific studies. Since food fraud prevention is currently being developed and implemented, it is opportune to review the broader business application as well as specific insight from other industries.
Facebook Recruitment Using Zip Codes to Improve Diversity in Health Research: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: Facebook’s advertising platform reaches most US households and has been used for health-related research recruitment. The platform allows for advertising segmentation by age, gender, and location; however, it does not explicitly allow for targeting by race or ethnicity to facilitate a diverse participant pool. Objective: This study looked at the efficacy of zip code targeting in Facebook advertising to reach blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos who smoke daily for a quit-smoking web-based social media study. Methods: We ran a general market campaign for 61 weeks using all continental US zip codes as a baseline. Concurrently, we ran 2 campaigns to reach black/African American and Hispanic-/Latino-identified adults, targeting zip codes ranked first by the percentage of households of the racial or ethnic group of interest and then by cigarette expenditure per household. We also ran a Spanish language campaign for 13 weeks, targeting all continental US zip codes but utilizing Facebook’s Spanish language targeting. The advertising images and language were common across campaigns. Costs were compared for advertisement clicks, queries, applications, and participants, and yields were compared for the final three outcomes. We examined outcomes before and after the Cambridge Analytica scandal that broke in March 2018. Finally, we examined 2 promoted Facebook features: lookalike audiences and audience network placement. Results: Zip code targeting campaigns were effective for yielding the racial or ethnic groups of interest. The black-/African American–focused versus general market campaign increased black/African American weekly queries (mean 9.48, SD 5.69 vs general market mean 2.83, SD 2.05; P<.001) and applicants (mean 1.11, SD 1.21 vs general market mean 0.54, SD 0.58; P<.001). The Hispanic-/Latino-focused versus general market campaign increased Hispanic/Latino weekly queries (mean 3.10, SD 2.16 vs general market mean 0.71, SD 0.48; P<.001) and applicants (mean 0.36, SD 0.55 vs general market mean 0.10, SD 0.14; P=.001). Cost metrics did not differ between campaigns at generating participants (overall P=.54). Costs increased post- versus prescandal for the black-/African American–focused campaign for queries (mean US $8.51, SD 3.08 vs US $5.87, SD 1.89; P=.001) and applicants (mean US $59.64, SD 35.63 vs US $38.96, SD 28.31; P=.004) and for the Hispanic-/Latino-focused campaign for queries (mean US $9.24, SD 4.74 vs US $7.04, SD 3.39; P=.005) and applicants (mean US $61.19, SD 40.08 vs US $38.19, SD 21.20; P=.001). Conclusions: Zip code targeting in Facebook advertising is an effective way to recruit diverse populations for health-based interventions. Audience network placement should be avoided. The Facebook lookalike audience may not be necessary for recruitment, with drawbacks including an unknown algorithm and unclear use of Facebook user data, and so public concerns around data privacy should be considered. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02823028; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02823028
Disorders of the pancreas in children.

SUMMARY Diseases of the pancreas in children are often congenital; the genetic basis of some conditions such as cystic fibrosis have been elucidated using molecular biologic techniques. Anatomic abnormalities in childhood that cause symptomatic pancreatic disease are usually treated surgically. The biochemical abnormalities found with enzyme deficiencies, CF, and Shwachman's syndrome are best treated with medical therapy. The most common cause of acute pancreatic injury in children is trauma. Chronic pancreatic insufficiency usually occurs secondary to CF.
Electrochemical-assisted leaching of active materials from lithium ion batteries

Abstract The development of a circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is essential to realize decarbonization and an electrified energy market. However, the current commercial operations that recover valuable constituents from LIBs require significant energy and reagents, which create toxic emissions and additional waste. We report an electrochemical-based method for leaching valuable metals from the active materials of mixed shredded LIBs. In this process, the use electrons, as green reagent, allows the use and regeneration of Fe2+ in low concentrations as substitute for hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. Leaching in a membrane separated two-compartment electrochemical cell contributes to decrease the acid requirements as H+ can be generated electrochemically. With this design, leaching efficiencies over 96% for the active metals (Li, Co, Mn, and Ni) were demonstrated at pulp densities up to 240 g/L. Copper present in the active material is electrowon and recovered separately. Preliminary cost analyses demonstrate ca. 80% reduction in energy and chemical costs as compared to traditional hydrometallurgical routes.
Opportunities and Challenges for the Introduction of New Food Proteins

New forms of protein are being developed at a rapid rate as older forms of protein, particularly meat and poultry, are coming under attack for nutritional, environmental, food safety, and animal we...
Identifying intentional injuries among children and adolescents based on Machine Learning.

Background Compared to other studies, the injury monitoring of Chinese children and adolescents has captured a low level of intentional injuries on account of self-harm/suicide and violent attacks. Intentional injuries in children and adolescents have not been apparent from the data. It is possible that there has been a misclassification of existing intentional injuries, and there is a lack of research literature on the misclassification of intentional injuries. This study aimed to discuss the feasibility of discriminating the intention of injury based on Machine Learning (ML) modelling and provided ideas for understanding whether there was a misclassification of intentional injuries. Methods Information entropy was used to determine the correlation between variables and the intention of injury, and Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Adaboost algorithms and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) were used to create an intention of injury discrimination model. The models were compared by comprehensively testing the discrimination effect to determine stability and consistency. Results For the area under the ROC curve with different intentions of injuries, the NB model was 0.891, 0.880, and 0.897, respectively; the DT model was 0.870, 0.803, and 0.871, respectively; the RF model was 0.850, 0.809, and 0.845, respectively; the Adaboost model was 0.914, 0.846, and 0.914, respectively; the DNN model was 0.927, 0.835, and 0.934, respectively. In a comprehensive comparison of the five models, DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. A discrimination of cases with unclear intentions of injury showed that on average, unintentional injuries, violent attacks, and self-harm/suicides accounted for 86.57%, 6.81%, and 6.62%, respectively. Conclusion It was feasible to use the ML algorithm to determine the injury intention of children and adolescents. The research suggested that the DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. This study could build a foundation for transforming the model into a tool for rapid diagnosis and excavating potential intentional injuries of children and adolescents by widely collecting the influencing factors, extracting the influence variables characteristically, reducing the complexity and improving the performance of the models in the future.
Primary Hepatic Actinomycosis as Source of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adolescent

Introduction Abdominal pain is commonly encountered in the pediatric population and prompts medical evaluation in both clinic and emergency department settings. In a 2007 study by Leoning-Baucke, et al., as many as 9% of pediatric patients 4 to 18 years of age required medical assessment for acute onset abdominal pain. In this case, abdominal actinomycosis, a rare etiology of abdominal pain in an adolescent female, is explored. Case Description A 14 year old AAF with no significant medical history developed acute onset right upper quadrant abdominal pain with associated …
Collagen Networks within 3D PEG Hydrogels Support Valvular Interstitial Cell Matrix Mineralization

Enzymatically degradable hydrogels were designed for the 3D culture of valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and through the incorporation of various functionalities, we aimed to investigate the role of the tissue microenvironment in promoting the osteogenic properties of VICs and matrix mineralization. Specifically, VICs were encapsulated in a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel crosslinked with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable crosslinker (KCGPQG↓IWGQCK) and formed via a thiol-ene photoclick reaction in the presence or absence of collagen type I to promote matrix mineralization. VIC-laden hydrogels were treated with osteogenic medium for up to 15 days, and the osteogenic response was characterized by the expression of genetic markers, RUNX2 as an early marker of an osteoblast-like phenotype, and OCN, as a marker of a mature osteoblast-like phenotype. In addition, matrix mineralization was characterized histologically with a Von Kossa stain for calcium phosphate. Osteogenic response was further characterized biochemically with calcium assays, and physically via optical density measurements. When the osteogenic medium was supplemented with calcium chloride, OCN gene expression and mineralization were discernable within 12 days of culture. Finally, this platform was used to screen various drug therapeutics that were assessed for their efficacy in preventing mineralization using optical density as a higher throughput read out. Collectively, these results suggest that matrix composition has a key role in supporting mineralization deposition within diseased valve tissue.
Top 10 presenting diagnoses of homeless veterans seeking care at emergency departments

Abstract Background The health concerns that spur care-seeking in emergency departments (EDs) among homeless populations are not well described. The Veterans Affairs (VA) comprehensive healthcare system does not require health insurance and thus offers a unique window into ED service use by homeless veterans. Objective This study examined the top 10 diagnostic categories for ED use among homeless and non-homeless veterans classified by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Design An observational study was conducted using national VA administrative data from 2016 to 2019. Participants Data on 260,783 homeless veterans and 2,295,704 non-homeless veterans were analyzed. Main measures Homelessness was defined as a documented diagnostic code or use of any VA homeless program. Presenting diagnoses to the ED were grouped based on Clinical Classifications Software Refined (CCSR) categories endorsed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Key results The most common diagnostic categories for ED use among homeless veterans were, in order, musculoskeletal pain, alcohol-related disorders, suicidal behaviors, low back pain, and non-specified conditions, which together accounted for 22–24% of all ED visits. Among non-homeless veterans, alcohol-related disorders, suicidal behaviors, and depressive disorders did not number in the top 10 diagnostic categories for ED use. Some differences between homeless and non-homeless veterans presenting for ED care, such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity largely mirrored known epidemiological differences between these groups in general. But respiratory infections and symptoms were only in the top 10 for black veterans and depressive disorder was only in the top 10 for Hispanic veterans. Conclusions: These data suggest that addressing psychosocial factors and optimizing healthcare for behavioral health and pain conditions among veterans experiencing homelessness has the potential to reduce emergency care-seeking.
Prediabetes Is Associated With Brain Hypometabolism and Cognitive Decline in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Longitudinal Study of Nondemented Older Adults.

Although type 2 diabetes is a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), little is known about how its precursor—prediabetes—impacts neuropsychological function and brain health. Thus, we examined the relationship between prediabetes and AD-related biological and cognitive/clinical markers in a well-characterized sample drawn from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Additionally, because women show higher rates of AD and generally more atherogenic lipid profiles than men, particularly in the context of diabetes, we examined whether sex moderates any observed associations. The total sample of 911 nondemented and non-diabetic participants (normal control = 540; mild cognitive impairment [MCI] = 371) included 391 prediabetic (fasting blood glucose: 100-125 mg/dL) and 520 normoglycemic individuals (age range: 55-91). Linear mixed effects models, adjusted for demographics and vascular and AD risk factors, examined the independent and interactive effects of prediabetes and sex on 2-6 year trajectories of FDG-PET measured cerebral metabolic glucose rate (CMRglu), hippocampal/intracranial volume ratio (HV/IV), cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau-181/amyloid-β1-42 ratio (p-tau181/Aβ1-42), cognitive function (executive function, language, and episodic memory) and the development of dementia. Analyses were repeated in the MCI subsample. In the total sample, prediabetic status had an adverse effect on CMRglu across time regardless of sex, whereas prediabetes had an adverse effect on executive function across time in women only. Within the MCI subsample, prediabetic status was associated with lower CMRglu and poorer executive function and language performance across time within women, whereas these associations were not seen within men. In the total sample and MCI subsample, prediabetes did not relate to HV/IV, p-tau181/Aβ1-42, memory function or dementia risk regardless of sex; however, among incident dementia cases, prediabetic status related to earlier age of dementia onset in women but not in men. Results suggest that prediabetes may affect cognition through altered brain metabolism, and that women may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of glucose intolerance.
Genomic prediction of neoantigens: immunogenomics before NGS.

Elaine Mardis highlights a publication that served as a fundamental source of inspiration for the field of immunogenomics, setting the stage for neoantigen discovery.
The Impact of Student Choice to Engage in Cooperative Learning on the Final Exam While Controlling for Early Exam Performance and ACT in Introduction to Psychology

Background:Researchers suggest benefits for cooperative learning, but often fail to control for choosing to engage cooperatively, ACT scores or early course performance.Objective:To observe the eff...
The consequences of differential origin licensing dynamics in distinct chromatin environments

MCM complexes are loaded onto chromosomes to license DNA replication origins in G1 phase of the cell cycle, but it is not yet known how mammalian MCM complexes are adequately distributed to both euchromatin and heterochromatin. To address this question, we combined time-lapse live-cell imaging with fixed cell immunofluorescence imaging of single human cells to quantify the relative rates of MCM loading in heterochromatin and euchromatin at different times within G1. We report here that MCM loading in euchromatin is faster than in heterochromatin in very early G1, but surprisingly, heterochromatin loading accelerates relative to euchromatin loading in middle and late G1. These different loading dynamics require ORCA-dependent differences in ORC distribution during G1. A consequence of heterochromatin origin licensing dynamics is that cells experiencing a truncated G1 phase from premature cyclin E expression enter S phase with under-licensed heterochromatin, and DNA damage accumulates preferentially in heterochromatin in the subsequent S/G2 phase. Thus G1 length is critical for sufficient MCM loading, particularly in heterochromatin, to ensure complete genome duplication and to maintain genome stability.
High-accuracy electronic structure calculations with QMCPACK

M. Chandler Bennett discusses the benefits of quantum Monte Carlo methods and describes the features of the open-source code QMCPACK.
Collaborating With Parks and Recreation Departments to Address Youth Health.

Adolescence is an important time for addressing health, including mental health, obesity, substance use, and food insecurity. As the myriad health and wellness needs of community members expands, i...
Late decelerations and brain tolerance of the fetal monkey to intrapartum asphyxia.

Abstract Eight monkey fetuses near term were subjected to regulated asphyxia during labor by mechanically constricting the maternal abdominal aorta and diminishing blood flow to the uterus. A magnitude of asphyxia was produced and maintained for an initial three hours that was close to but not sufficient to elicit late decelerations. The asphyxia was then augmented during a fourth hour to cause late decelerations of magnitudes of 5 to 15 per cent of the initial heart rate. After termination of the fourth hour of asphyxia, the fetuses were delivered by hysterotomy and provided intensive care. During the three to nine months of survival after birth, all animals were neurologically intact; on necropsy the brains were free of pathologic changes both grossly and microscopically. These results support the thesis that fetal heart rate monitoring during labor exhibits a sensitivity sufficient to diagnose asphyxia of the fetus of clinical significance before it reaches a magnitude that may cause permanent neurological injury. These results are particularty pertinent to those clinical circumstances where the decreases in intervillous space blood flow brought about by uterine contractions are accentuated due to low maternal blood pressure.
HLA class II DR-DQ amino acids and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Application of the haplotype method

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) HLA class II DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 data from four populations (Norwegian, Sardinian, Mexican American, and Taiwanese) have been analyzed to detect the amino acids involved in the disease process. The combination of sites DRB1#67 and 86; DQA1#47; and DQB1#9, 26, 57, and 70 predicts the IDDM component in these four populations, when the results and criteria of the haplotype method for amino acids, developed in the companion paper in this issue of the Journal, are used. The following sites, either individually, or in various combinations, previously have been suggested as IDDM components: DRB1#57, 70, 71, and 86; DQA1#52; and DQB1#13, 45, and 57 (DQB1#13 and 45 correlates 100% with DQB1#9 and 26). We propose that DQA1#47 is a better predictor of IDDM than is the previously suggested DQA1#52, and we add DRB1#67 and DQB1#70 to the HLA DR-DQ IDDM amino acids. We do not claim to have identified all HLA DR-DQ amino acids-or highly correlated sites-involved in IDDM. The frequencies and predisposing/protective effects of the haplotypes defined by these seven sites have been compared, and the effects on IDDM are consistent across the populations. The strongest susceptible effects came from haplotypes DRB1 *0301/DQA1 *0501/ DQB1*0201 and DRB1*0401-5-7-8/DQA1*0301/ DQB1*0302. The number of strong protective haplotypes observed was larger than the number of susceptible ones; some of the predisposing haplotypes were present in only one or two populations. Although the sites under consideration do not necessarily have a functional involvement in IDDM, they should be highly associated with such sites and should prove to be useful in risk assessment.
Implications of Deltatheridium specimens for early marsupial history

We describe here two new specimens of the mammal Deltatheridium pretrituberculare from the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia. These specimens provide information on tooth replacement in basal therian mammals and on lower jaw and basicranial morphology. Deltatheroidans, known previously from isolated teeth, partial rostra and jaws from the late Cretaceous of Asia1,2,3,4 and possibly North America5,6, have been identified variously as eutherians1,7,8, as basal metatherians (the stem-based clade formed by marsupials and their extinct relatives)3,9,10,11, or as an outgroup to both eutherians and metatherians2,12,13,14,15. Resolution of these conflicting hypotheses and understanding of the early evolution of the therian lineage have been hampered by a sparse fossil record for basal therians. The new evidence supports metatherian affinities for deltatheroidans and allows a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of basal metatherians and marsupials. The presence of specialized marsupial patterns of tooth replacement and cranial vascularization in Deltatheridium and the basal phylogenetic position of this taxon indicate that these features are characteristic of Metatheria as a whole. Other morphological transformations recognized here secure the previously elusive diagnosis of Metatheria3,14,15. The new specimens of Deltatheridium illustrate the effectiveness of fairly complete fossil specimens in determining the nature of early evolutionary events.
Numerical methods for parameter identification in a convection-diffusion equation

We use a recently developed Sinc-Galerkin method for the solution of non-self-adjoint equations to solve a parameter identification problem arising from the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation. This method is well suited for unbounded domains and certain singularities in the coefficients, as we illustrate by several examples. Practical aspects of implementation of this method are considered in detail.
Isolation of Halotolerant, Thermotolerant, Facultative Polymer-Producing Bacteria and Characterization of the Exopolymer

Over 200 bacterial strains were selected for anaerobic growth at 50 degrees C and extracellular polysaccharide production in a sucrose-mineral salts medium with NaNO(3) and up to 10% NaCl. The predominant cell type was an encapsulated gram-positive, motile, facultative sporeforming rod similar to Bacillus species. Strain SP018 grew and produced the polysaccharide on a variety of substrates at salinities up to 12% NaCl. Good polymer production only occurred anaerobically and was optimal between 4 and 10% NaCl. The ethanol-precipitated SP018 polymer was a charged heteropolysaccharide that contained glucose, mannose, arabinose, ribose, and low levels of allose and glucosamine. The SP018 polymer showed pseudoplastic behavior, was resistant to shearing, and had a higher viscosity at dilute concentrations and at elevated temperatures than xanthan gum. High-ionic-strength solutions reversibly decreased the viscosity of SP018 polymer solutions. The bacterium and the associated polymer have many properties that make them potentially useful for in situ microbially enhanced oil recovery processes.
The Failure of Online Social Network Privacy Settings

Increasingly, people are sharing sensitive personal information via online social networks (OSN). While such networks do permit users to control what they share with whom, access control policies are notoriously difficult to configure correctly; this raises the question of whether OSN users’ privacy settings match their sharing intentions. We present the results of an empirical evaluation that measures privacy attitudes and intentions and compares these against the privacy settings on Facebook. Our results indicate a serious mismatch: every one of the 65 participants in our study confirmed that at least one of the identified violations was in fact a sharing violation. In other words, OSN users’ privacy settings are incorrect. Furthermore, a majority of users cannot or will not fix such errors. We conclude that the current approach to privacy settings is fundamentally flawed and cannot be fixed; a fundamentally different approach is needed. We present recommendations to ameliorate the current problems, as well as provide suggestions for future research.
The effects of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride upon Drosophila melanogaster—II: Fecundity, hatchability and fertility

Abstract Two strains of Drosophila melanogaster were treated with sub-lethal levels of gaseous hydrogen fluoride for six weeks. Egg samples were collected at various times for hatchability determinations. Adults reared from these samples were evaluated for fecundity and fertility. Treatment with HF caused a marked reduction in hatchability and fecundity in the more sensitive strain. Male fertility was depressed but female fertility remained stable over the test period. The reduction of these parameters in the offspring of populations subjected to low levels of atmospheric HF contamination for prolonged periods suggests that HF causes genetic damage.
Unsupervised machine learning and cognitive systems in learning user state for context-aware computing

We at Carnegie Mellon University have pioneered context-aware mobile computing and built their first prototypes, including context-aware mobile phones and a context-aware personal communicator. These prototypes use machine learning and cognitive modeling techniques to derive user state and intent from the devices sensors. Context-aware computing describes the situation where a mobile computer is aware of its user's state and surroundings and modifies its behavior based on this information. We have demonstrated the power of our method to automatically derive a meaningful user context model and performed experimental measurements and evaluation. We have employed unsupervised machine learning techniques to combine real time data from multiple sensors into a model of behavior that is individualized to the user. We observe that context does not require a descriptive label to be used for adaptivity and contextually sensitive response. This makes our approach towards completely unsupervised machine learning feasible. By unsupervised learning we mean the identification of the users' context without requiring manually annotating current user states. We use unsupervised machine learning techniques to independently cluster sensor quantities and associate user interactions with these clusters. The use of this discretization enables learning from observations about the user. Each time a user interaction is observed, it is interpreted as a labeled example which can be used to construct a statistical model for context-dependent preferences. Example context-aware parameters are the following: location, nearby people and devices, calendar and other cyber sensors information, movement patterns and characteristics, user preferences, interests, and behavior patterns. By mapping observable parameters into cognitive states, the computing system can estimate the form of interaction that minimizes user distraction and the risk of cognitive overload. The capabilities herein proposed extend significantly the state-of-the-art, sometimes in a radical fashion, other times more incrementally. Our approach produces enriched observations by combining machine learning, instrumentation in software applications, sensors describing the user state, and task context information. Such diverse sensor fusion (symbolic and signal sensors) for inferring context and state goes much beyond the situation-sensing currently practiced, even in experimental settings.
High redshift quasars and high metallicities

A large-scale code called Cloudy was designed to simulate non-equilibrium plasmas and predict their spectra. The goal was to apply it to studies of galactic and extragalactic emission line objects in order to reliably deduce abundances and luminosities. Quasars are of particular interest because they are the most luminous objects in the universe and the highest redshift objects that can be observed spectroscopically, and their emission lines can reveal the composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) of the universe when it was well under a billion years old. The lines are produced by warm (approximately 10(sup 4)K) gas with moderate to low density (n less than or equal to 10(sup 12) cm(sup -3)). Cloudy has been extended to include approximately 10(sup 4) resonance lines from the 495 possible stages of ionization of the lightest 30 elements, an extension that required several steps. The charge transfer database was expanded to complete the needed reactions between hydrogen and the first four ions and fit all reactions with a common approximation. Radiative recombination rate coefficients were derived for recombination from all closed shells, where this process should dominate. Analytical fits to Opacity Project (OP) and other recent photoionization cross sections were produced. Finally, rescaled OP oscillator strengths were used to compile a complete set of data for 5971 resonance lines. The major discovery has been that high redshift quasars have very high metallicities and there is strong evidence that the quasar phenomenon is associated with the birth of massive elliptical galaxies.
Ensuring Ethical Practice: Guidelines for Mental Health Counselors in Private Practice

Since mental health counselors in private practice often work in relative isolation, it is especially important that they attend to ethical issues. This article reviews four dimensions of ethical knowledge: the foundation of ethical actions, counselors as agents of ethical action, the need to establish a decision-making process, and the importance of sustaining ethical practice by keeping current with clinical developments and attending to their own well-being.
One Final Message: The Painted Programs of Alexandrian Tombs

Art historical analysis of the Greco-Roman tombs in Alexandria suggests that the tomb owners’ synthesized iconographic elements belonging to Greek, Roman, and Egyptian artistic styles. Classical decorative motifs and figures reflect the tombs owners’ understanding and acceptance of Greco-Roman practices. Tomb owners incorporate Egyptian figures into the funerary spaces, yet the compositions lack the homogeneity and religious connotations present in previous Egyptian painted programs. The seeming defiance of representation indicates that the tomb owners were not interested in correctly rendering Egyptian ideology; rather, the tomb owners were interested in painting Egyptian figures for the sake of each figure’s supernatural and protective meaning. Synthesis of the Classical and Egyptian funerary elements demonstrate the tomb owners’ decorative predilections and desires to communicate one final message concerning beauty, political allegiance, and religious identity.
Hierarchical merge for scalable MapReduce

MapReduce is a popular parallel processing framework for large-scale data analytics. However, it faces a significant performance problem during its data shuffling phase. Our previous work, Hadoop-A, provides a network-levitated merge algorithm with pipelined shuffle/merge/reduce phases for fast data processing. Our further analysis shows that Hadoop-A has a scalability limitation in its memory resource usage for petabyte datasets. In this paper, we propose Hierarchical Merge to reduce the memory buffer usage for Hadoop-A and enable scalable data processing. Our experimental results demonstrate that, while providing memory resource scalability, Hierarchical Merge maintains benefits of Hadoop-A, and improves the execution time by 27% compared to the original Hadoop. Furthermore, Hierarchical Merge reduces disk I/O accesses by as much as 34%.