cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Homicide Mortality in the United States, 1935–1994: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

The authors analyzed homicide mortality data for the United States from 1935 to 1994, to delineate temporal trends and birth cohort patterns. This study included 850,822 homicide-attributed deaths documented by the National Center for Health Statistics, and incorporated graphical presentation, median polish, and Poisson regression modeling in an age-period-cohort analysis. Death rates from homicide in the United States doubled in the past four decades, with most of the increase having occurred during the 1960s and early 1970s. Poisson regression models confirmed that the rise of homicide mortality in both men and women was largely attributable to a significant period effect between 1960 and 1974. No discernible cohort patterns were found among women. However, homicide rates for recent male birth cohorts appeared to peak at younger ages and at higher levels. A significant increase in homicide mortality risk beginning with males born around 1965 was found by examining the residuals of median polish, and the second-order changes in the regression coefficients from the age-period-cohort model. The hike of homicide mortality during 1985 and 1994 was explained by this cohort effect. Increased prevalence of substance abuse and availability of firearms are two likely factors underlying this disturbing cohort pattern.
Surfactant protein genetics in community-acquired pneumonia: balancing the host inflammatory state

Community-acquired pneumonia is a common disease. Abnormalities in the first step of host defense may severely compromise subsequent steps of successfully combating infections. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Garcia-Laorden and colleagues reported genetic associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of the surfactant proteins with susceptibility, severity, and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia. Although the limited information shows regulatory differences among variants, it is currently unknown how the difference in surfactant protein A genotypes in this and other studies affects the individual's phenotype. The lung is continually exposed to a host of irritants yet maintains health. It is plausible that, under physiologic conditions, surfactant protein A, in addition to having a dominant effect on anti-inflammatory processes, mediates a low level of proinflammatory processes that are essential for the health of the lung. Understanding the maintenance of the balance of the inflammatory state may be one of the keys to understanding pulmonary disease progression.
Absence of MHC gene expression in lens and cloning of dbpB/YB-1, a DNA-binding protein expressed in mouse lens.

The status of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II gene expression in the normal mouse lens was examined. No mRNA for either class I or II genes was detectable in mouse lens, while the expression of MHC genes in other tissues generally matched immunohistochemical data from human tissues. However it was observed that MHC class I mRNA is present in the mouse lens-derived cell line aTN4-l. From a new-born mouse lens cDNA library a clone was obtained for the murine homologue of the DNA-binding protein dbpB/YB-1, a protein originally identified in human lymphocytes and proposed to be a negative regulator of MHC class II gene expression. Northern blots detect dbpB/YB-1 mRNA in all mouse tissues and cells examined, including both mouse lens and QTN4-1 cells, suggesting that dbpB/YB-1 has a general and widespread role.
A newborn with transposition of the great vessels and long-segment tracheal stenosis

Abstract Congenital tracheal stenosis is an uncommonly associated malformation in children with congenital heart defects. Airway symptomatology should prompt immediate work-up to prevent a delay in diagnosis. Although results to date show acceptable mortality and morbidity for simultaneous repair of tracheal stenosis and cardiac anomalies there are cases where the severity of the lesion in association with other anomalies increases the mortality significantly. We report about a newborn diagnosed with transposition of the great vessels and several other anomalies who developed progressively worsening respiratory distress. Imaging revealed long-segment tracheal stenosis. The family was offered the option of slide tracheoplasty but decided not to pursue any further surgical intervention. The patient soon thereafter died.
Is there Such a thing as “Evidence-Based Management”?

I explore the promise organization research offers for improved management practice and how, at present, it falls short. Using evidence-based medicine as an exemplar, I identify ways of closing the prevailing “research-practice gap”-- the failure of organizations and managers to base practices on best available evidence. I close with guidance for researchers, educators, and managers for translating the principles governing human behavior and organizational processes into more effective management practice.
Significance Level and Power

Significance testing, as described in most textbooks, consists in fixing a standard significance level α such as.01 or.05 and rejecting the hypothesis θ = θ0 if a suitable statistic Y exceeds C where Pθo{Y > C} = α. Such a procedure controls the probability of false rejection (error of the first kind) at the desired level α but leaves the power of the test and hence the probability of an error of the second kind to the mercy of the experi-ment. It seems more natural when deciding on a significance level (and this suggestion is certainly not new) to take into account also what power can be achieved with the given experiment. In Section 3 a specific suggestion will be made as to how to balance α against the power β obtainable against the alterna-tives of interest.
Victimization, fear of crime, and perceived risk: Testing a vulnerability model of personal control

Perceptions of control over one's life represent a vital topic in social research: They capture the interaction between the individual and society and reflect the structures and adversities in peop...
Review article : Medical complications in acute rehabilitation unit: immobilization hypercalcaemia

Immobilization hypercalcaemia has been documented in adolescents on prolonged bed rest, particularly after traumatic fractures or spinal cord injuries. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms which produce the syndrome are unknown. Unstressed bone relinquishes calcium stores and the resulting hypercalcaemia leads to disturbances of many organ systems. Medical emergencies may occur if hypercalcaemia is unchecked. Medical management does not alter the underlying bone resorption, which follows a self-limited course, but can prevent serious complications and permanent renal damage. Acute rehabilitation professionals should be knowledgeable regarding immobilization hypercalcaemia as vague symptom presentations make recognition difficult. Also, immobilization hypercalcaemia occurs in time frames which coincide with most acute rehabilitation efforts and the syndrome can impede progress in reaching rehabilitation goals. Mobilization remains the only effective means to halt hypercalcaemia, although other therapeut...
The day-to-night ratio of cosmic noise absorption during polar cap absorption events

Abstract Riometer observations at a pair of nearly-conjugate stations inside the north and south auroral zones have been analyzed during periods of polar cap absorption in 1961. It is found that the absorption of cosmic radio noise is nearly the same at the two stations provided they are under similar conditions of solar illumination, indicating similarity of the incoming particle flux at conjugate points. Using data from both stations, the day/night absorption ratio is found to have a median value of 5.3 during magnetically-quiet periods.
Power Engineering Education as Viewed from University Administration

This paper explores the climate for electric power system education in U.S. universities, how it is likely to be perceived by university administrators and how it may influence their collective decision to hire and ultimately grant tenure to young electric power faculty. It is widely believed that funding opportunities and graduate enrollments in electric power systems are dwindling, although no firm data are available from the IEEE Power Engineering Educational Resource Survey to substantiate this view. Several factors are examined that could influence employment opportunities in the electric power area and hence enrollments in power programs. Further, a brief review of technical challenges in the power system area that could help to attract both undergraduate and graduate students is presented. It is concluded that schools with a tradition of excellence in electric power system research and education and a base of external support from utilities and manufacturers of power equipment will continue to provide a quality environment for young faculty and quality graduates for the electric power industry.
The effects of aponeurosis geometry on strain injury susceptibility explored with a 3D muscle model

In the musculoskeletal system, some muscles are injured more frequently than others. For example, the biceps femoris longhead (BFLH) is the most commonly injured hamstring muscle. It is thought that acute injuries result from large strains within the muscle tissue, but the mechanism behind this type of strain injury is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to build computational models to analyze the stretch distributions within the BFLH muscle and to explore the effects of aponeurosis geometry on the magnitude and location of peak stretches within the model. We created a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the BFLH based on magnetic resonance (MR) images. We also created a series of simplified models with a similar geometry to the MR-based model. We analyzed the stretches predicted by the MR-based model during lengthening contractions to determine the region of peak local fiber stretch. The peak along-fiber stretch was 1.64 and was located adjacent to the proximal myotendinous junction (MTJ). In contrast, the average along-fiber stretch across all the muscle tissue was 0.95. By analyzing the simple models, we found that varying the dimensions of the aponeuroses (width, length, and thickness) had a substantial impact on the location and magnitude of peak stretches within the muscle. Specifically, the difference in widths between the proximal and distal aponeurosis in the BFLH contributed most to the location and magnitude of peak stretch, as decreasing the proximal aponeurosis width by 80% increased peak average stretches along the proximal MTJ by greater than 60% while slightly decreasing stretches along the distal MTJ. These results suggest that the aponeurosis morphology of the BFLH plays a significant role in determining stretch distributions throughout the muscle. Furthermore, this study introduces the new hypothesis that aponeurosis widths may be important in determining muscle injury susceptibility.
Scientific Names of Economic Insects

Attention is called to the fact that there is even more confusion among scientific names than among the common names for many of our insects of economic importance, and a suggestion is made that our Committee on Nomenclature be instructed to provide a list of scientific names which shall be presented to the Association for approval, just as the list of common names has been prepared and approved.
Measuring root turnover using the minirhizotron technique

Cheng, W.-X., Coleman, D.C. and Box, J.E., Jr., 1991. Measuring root turnover using the minirhizo° tron technique. Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 34: 261-267. Measurement of root turnover has been one of the most difficult problems in terrestrial ecosystem studies owing to the lack of an appropriate method. In this paper, a method for measuring intraseasonal root turnover is described. The recently developed minirhizotron system was adapted and combined with hand tracing of the minirhizotron-produced video tapes. The basic components of a minirhizotron system are briefly introduced. A hand-tracing procedure and the subsequent data analyses are described.
Diagnostic Exercise: Metastatic Calcification in Guinea Pigs

Seven male Hartley guinea pigs, 3 to 18 months old, died or had to be euthanized because of nonspecific clinical signs unresponsive to supportive treatment. Gross necropsy and histopathology findings in all animals included severe soft tissue calcification affecting the myocardium, kidneys, and occasionally the liver.
Leadership Mentoring in Clinical Practice: Role Socialization, Professional Development, and Capacity Building:

Research on multiple cohorts of aspiring and practicing principals engaged in professional development provides perspectives on the benefits of mentoring through clinical practice by clarifying issues related to role socialization, professional development, and leadership capacity building. Based on data from participants in several cohorts and reviews of research on clinical practice, leadership preparation, and mentoring, the authors make recommendations for improving university-based preparation programs through models and programs in which aspiring principals can gain authentic administrative work experience guided by mentors. The authors close with a reflection about the critical importance of practice and administrative mentoring in the initial and continuing preparation of principals.
LY393558, a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist: effects on extracellular levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the guinea pig and rat

The stimulation of terminal 5-HT(1B/1D) autoreceptors limits the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on extracellular levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) in vivo. Microdialysis studies show that acute oral administration of LY393558-a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and antagonist at both the human 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor-in the dose range 1-20 mg/kg, increases extracellular levels of 5-HT in both the guinea pig hypothalamus and rat frontal cortex. In both species, the levels of 5-HT that were attained were higher than following an acute, maximally effective dose of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg orally), reaching approximately 1500% in the guinea pig hypothalamus and 700% in the rat frontal cortex. In both species, the response to LY393558 (10 mg/kg p.o.) was impulse dependent, being absent in the presence of tetrodotoxin delivered at 1 microM via the microdialysis probe. The sensitivity to tetrodotoxin contrasted with the effects seen with DL-fenfluramine. Studies in rats showed that the microdialysate 5-HT concentration achieved in the frontal cortex after an acute challenge with LY393558 (5 mg/kg p.o.) was significantly greater than following a chronic regime of fluoxetine treatment (10 mg/kg/day orally for 21 days). Moreover, in rats chronically treated with LY393558 (5 mg/kg/day orally for 21 days), the mean basal concentration, 24 h after the final pretreatment dose, was of the same magnitude as that following chronic fluoxetine. However, in contrast to the response seen in fluoxetine-pretreated animals, a challenge dose of LY393558 still elicited a further increase in extracellular 5-HT in LY393558-pretreated animals. LY393558 is a potent 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist. Microdialysis studies show that acute oral administration increases extracellular levels of 5-HT, by an impulse-dependent mechanism, above those produced by a maximally effective dose of fluoxetine, and in rats to levels only achieved following chronic fluoxetine treatment. Its neurochemical profile in vivo suggests that it may be a more effective antidepressant with the potential for producing an earlier onset of clinical activity than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Conservatives Should Attack Obergefell's Interpretive Method, Not Its Hijacking of the Democratic Process

Almost three months after the dust from Obergefell has settled, one thing is clear: conservatives are crying foul primarily over Obergefell’s usurpation of the democratic process. This short Essay, after briefly critiquing Obergefell's interpretive method, critiques this predominant conservative response to Obergefell. The Author argues that, although Obergefell certainly threatens democracy, conservatives are wrong to attack Obergefell primarily on the democracy angle. Instead, conservatives must attack Obergefell's interpretive method. Doing so is critical to ensuring that conservatives appoint judges they actually want on the bench and avoiding decisions like Obergefell.
Guide to Development and Use of Electronic Computer Programs: Computers and Programming

Computers and programming are introduced from the user's point of view. The computer is presented as an information processing device, and the two types of information, namely, the program that directs processing, and the data being processed, are described. The principles of stored information, addresses of information, and computer control are discussed. Programming languages, ranging from absolute to problem-oriented, are briefly described and illustrated. The concept of the composite machine seen by the user, consisting of both the machine (hardware) and processing systems (software) is presented.
High Accuracy Yaw Rate Sensor for Preventive Safety System

With a recent growing awareness of vehicle safety, the need for preventive safety systems is also increasing. This has promoted the practical use of new preventive safety systems, notably Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) and the compulsory installation of existing preventive safety systems such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC) in all vehicles. In ESC and other preventive safety systems, tracking of actual vehicle behavior is important, and the yaw rate sensor is a key sensor necessary to keep track of the behavior. The need for high-accuracy yaw rate sensors has been increasing day by day in the context of the practical use of new preventive safety systems and the need for upgrading existing preventive safety systems. We have already implemented the capacitive accelerometer for air bags that features an element configuration using a general-purpose single-crystal SOI wafer, and a stacked structure comprising a sensor chip and a circuit chip. This time we have successfully developed a high-accuracy yaw rate sensor by applying the technology of the capacitive accelerometer. (1) Optimization of the sensor element configuration (using a frame structure to reduce leakage vibrations). (2) Flip-chip bonding of the sensor chip and the circuit chip using a cross layout to achieve both the reduction of heat deformation/parasitic capacity and the avoidance of interference between resonance frequencies. Utilizing the above two techniques has enabled us to achieve the high accuracy of the yaw rate sensor. As a result, we have developed a yaw rate sensor with a zero-point accuracy of ±3°/s (actual value: ±0.5°/s) in the ±100°/s range.
Effects of nitrogen application frequency via subsurface drip irrigation on corn development and grain yield

ABSTRACTSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has not only potential for water conservation, but also for improving nutrient use efficiency. Two nitrogen (N) application frequencies (every week versus every two weeks, via SDI) were compared in 2012 and 2013 on a Cozad silt loam in North Platte, Nebraska. The weekly treatment was fertigated every week for seven weeks in a row; the bi-weekly treatment was fertigated in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7. Both treatments received the same total amount of N. There was a positive grain yield response to N application, but no advantage was found to a greater frequency of N application. Corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields and other indicators of corn growth and development (canopy-intercepted light, vegetation indices, indicators of chlorophyll content of corn plant leaves) were not affected by N application frequency.
The War Scare of 1927: Power Discourse

The war scare of 1927 has been studied in historiography as an official campaign within the context of international relations and intraparty struggle. My goal here is to investigate the 1927 war scare in the broader context of Russia’s internal manifestations: economics, politics, social developments, and popular perceptions.
Surveillance of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Chengdu,2006-2012

Objective To investigate the situation of iodized salt practicing measures,the nutrition status of iodine and the trend of iodine deficiency disorders in Chengdu from 2006 to 2012,and to evaluate the preventive effect.Methods The iodine concentration of salt from households,the urinary iodine levels of 8-10 years old students and the goiter rate were monitored and statistically analyzed.Results From 2006 to 2012,the edible salt iodized salt coverage,the qualified rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate all surpassed 90%.The median urinary iodine of8-10 years old students were greater than 100 μg/L,fluctuating within a range of 200 μg/L.The goiter rate decreased from 4.71% in 2006 to 1.11% in 2012 in 8-10 years old children.Conclusion The iodine deficiency disease surveillance indicators in Chengdu all meet the national standards for the elimination.Yet,the level of iodine nutrition in schoolchildren needs to be further observed,and the iodized salt market supervision and the health education should be both strengthened.
Discussion on the Influence of Network on University Students' Ideological Education

As a new form of information transmission and communication,network is an important medium of contemporary students' obtaining knowledge and information,at the same time,it has an extensive and profound influence on the students' learning and life,even ideological conception.This paper mainly analyzes the positive and negative influences of network on the university students' ideological education,thus correctly guiding the students,developing its positive effects and raising the level of university students' ideological education.
The ego ideal.

An outline is given of the varied uses and meanings attributed to the term "ego ideal" in the current literature. The concept is clarified and defined, with special attention to its historical origins. The locus of the ego ideal is placed in the superego, and its structure and function are integrated with those of the superego. Criteria for differentiating superego precursors from superego proper are given, and the importance of the distinction is stressed. The clinical usefulness of these issues is illustrated by clinical examples. In addition, "narcissism" as it pertains to the ego ideal is explored, and there is a discussion of the distinctions between shame and guilt.
Utility of SLAB software as an instructional tool for spatial hearing.

SLAB is a real-time virtual acoustic environment rendering system developed in the Spatial Auditory Displays Lab at NASA Ames Research Center and is available for public download and use. SLAB has capabilities to perform spatial three-dimensional sound processing, allowing the arbitrary placement of sound sources in auditory space.
First Steps to Infinity

Infinity has many faces. The layman often perceives it as a kind of “number” larger than all numbers. For some primitive tribes infinity begins at three, for anything larger is “many” and therefore uncountable. The photographer’s infinity begins at thirty feet from the lens of his camera, while for the astronomer—or should I say the cosmologist—the entire universe may not be large enough to encompass infinity, for it is not at present known whether our universe is “open” or “closed,” bounded or unbounded. The artist has his own image of the infinite, sometimes conceiving it, as van Gogh did, as a vast, unending plane on which his imagination is given free rein, at other times as the endless repetition of a single basic motif, as in the abstract designs of the Moors. And then there is the philosopher, whose infinity is eternity, divinity, or the Almighty Himself. But above all, infinity is the mathematician’s realm, fir it is in mathematics that the concept has its deepest roots, where it has been shaped and reshaped innumerable times, and where it finally celebrated its greatest triumph.
The sulci of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe: An anatomical study

Understanding the anatomy of temporal lobe sulci and their variations can allow for safer neurosurgical approaches. Although the inferior temporal sulci and their relations to each other has been described by several authors, the nomenclature used has not been universal. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomic features of the three main sulci of the inferior temporal lobe and provide a simple description of complex patterns among these sulci. Sulcal variations and their relations were examined in seventy formalin-fixed, adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres. We recommend a simple but modified classification specifically for anatomic variations of the rhinal and collateral sulci. Furthermore, we describe the frequency of occipitotemporal sulci that contain 5 and 6 segments, not previously mentioned. The length and depth of all sulci were measured in all samples. Additionally, more detailed results regarding the patterns, courses, connections, relationships and measurements were given. Understanding of the complex anatomy of this clinically important region is of benefit to neurosurgeons, providing necessary guidance for neurosurgical approaches to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe. Clin. Anat. 29:932-942, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of SCAP N-glycosylation and Trafficking in Human Cells

Elevated lipogenesis is a common characteristic of cancer and metabolic diseases. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors controlling the expression of genes important for the synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids and phospholipids, are frequently upregulated in these diseases. In the process of SREBP nuclear translocation, SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) plays a central role in the trafficking of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi and in subsequent proteolysis activation. Recently, we uncovered that glucose-mediated N-glycosylation of SCAP is a prerequisite condition for the exit of SCAP/SREBP from the ER and movement to the Golgi. N-glycosylation stabilizes SCAP and directs SCAP/SREBP trafficking. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of membrane fractions in human cells and for the preparation of the samples for the detection of SCAP N-glycosylation and total protein by using western blot. We further provide a method to monitor SCAP trafficking by using confocal microscopy. This protocol is appropriate for the investigation of SCAP N-glycosylation and trafficking in mammalian cells.
Choosing Solvers in Decision Support Systems: A Neural Network Application in Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling

This research focusses on the use of Neural Networks to induce the relationship between problem parameters and heuristic performance in maximizing the Net Present Value (NPV) for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. This is a hard combinatorial optimization problem that finds wide application. Due to the difficulty in solving large-scale problems to optimality, a large number of heuristics have been proposed in the literature. Extensive evaluation of these heuristics confirm that there is no single heuristic that dominates in all project environments. In a decision support environment, it is not readily apparent to a user which heuristic to invoke to solve a given problem instance. It is thus necessary to support the user in choosing the best performing heuristic for a specific project. In this research, we study the feasibility of using the Backpropagation learning paradigm to identify the underlying relationship between project characteristics and solver performance. We train and test a Neural Network system using data from previous research. Preliminary tests of the system show that it is successful in selecting good heuristics to apply to a new problem not used in the training set. We conclude that this approach is a feasible method that can be used in heuristic selection for combinatorial optimization problems.
Photodetachment Spectroscopy of Negative Cluster Ions

Negative ion photoelectron spectra have been obtained for a variety of gas-phase cluster anions using visible photons. The negative cluster ions were generated by injecting relatively low energy electrons directly into the high density portion of an expanding supersonic jet. The spectra of NO-(N2O)n=1,2, H-(NH3)n=1,2, NH2(NH3)n=1,2, NO-(Ar)1 NO-(Kr)1 NO-(Xe)1, O2 -(Ar)1 (N2O)2, and (CS2)2 - reveal that they are simple ion-molecule complexes in which the excess negative charges are largely localized on sub-ions within the larger cluster anions. In addition to information on the bonding of cluster ions, the spectra also provide electron affinities and ion-solvent dissociation energies as a function of cluster size. The spectra of (CO2)2 -, (SO2)2 -, and (NO)2 -, on the other hand, indicate that these species are more complicated cases, and that they are not well described as simple ion-molecule complexes. Also, in the case of NH4 -, evidence is found not only for the ion-molecule complex, H-(NH3)1, but also for a higher energy isomer of tetrahedral geometry. Other systems studied include negative cluster ions of water and alkali metal cluster anions. Even though H2O- is unstable, clusters of water are able to bind an electron to form (H2O)n -. The spectra of (H2O)n - =2,6,7,10–17,19 and Ar(H2O)n - =2,6,7 provide the vertical detachment energies for these species. The alkali metals are the simplest of metals. The spectra of Na- 2–5, K- 2–8, Rb- 2–4, and Cs- 2,3 yield electron affinities as a function of cluster size as well as the electronic state splittings for neutral alkali metal clusters.
Parent Training Interventions to Reduce Challenging Behavior in Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Abstract It is well established that parents and other caregivers play an important role in shaping child development. Given the important link between parenting and child adjustment, a variety of parent management training interventions have been adopted from the disruptive behavior disorder treatment literature and applied to the prevention and treatment of challenging behavior in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This chapter reviews empirical studies published from 2003 to 2012 that examine the effects of parent training interventions on challenging behavior of children with IDD. Nineteen studies representing 11 parent training programs are reviewed. Parent training interventions include the Incredible Years, Stepping Stones Triple P, Signposts for Building Better Behavior, Research Units in Pediatric Psychopharmacology Parent Training, Sing and Grow Music Therapy, Mindfulness Training, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, the Autism Spectrum Conditions—Enhancing Nurture and Development program, Parent Training for Smaller Groups and Shorter Schedules, video modeling and feedback parent training, and parent management training. Taken together, results from these studies suggest a growing evidence base for the use of parent training interventions for reducing challenging behavior in children with IDD. Results suggest a smaller body of evidence for effects of parent training interventions on altering parenting behavior and enhancing parent mental health. Questions remain about the durability and generalization of findings, moderators and mediators of change, and strategies for enhancing therapeutic alliance and engagement with an aim to reduce attrition.
Correlation of Physical Exam Findings with Fever in Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Author(s): Mongelluzzo, Jillian; Tu, Brian; Neilson, Jersey; Grimes, Barbara; Ziyeh, Sharvina; Rodriguez, Robert | Abstract: Study Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of fever in adult ED patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and to determine which, if any, physical exam, x-ray and laboratory test findings were associated with fever. Methods We conducted a prospective, observational study at an urban county trauma center of adults who presented to the ED for evaluation of suspected SSTI. ED providers measured area of erythema and induration using a tape measure, and completed data sheets indicating comorbid conditions and the presence or absence of physical exam findings. Fever was defined as any recorded temperature g 38°C during the first 6 hours of ED evaluation. Results Of the 734 patients enrolled, 96 (13.1%) had fever. Physical and laboratory exam findings associated with the presence of a fever in multivariable logistic regression were the area of erythema, particularly the largest quartile of area of erythema, 144 – 5000 cm2, (odd ratio (OR) = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 – 5.2) and leukocytosis (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 2.7 – 7.0). Bullae, necrosis, streaks, adenopathy, and bone involvement on imaging were not associated with fever. Conclusions Fever is uncommon in patients presenting to the ED for evaluation of suspected SSTI. Area of erythema and leukocytosis were associated with fever and should be considered in future decision rules for the evaluation and treatment of SSTI.
Sleep and Repetitive Thought: The Role of Rumination and Worry in Sleep Disturbance

Abstract: Research on the association between sleep and repetitive thought in the form of rumination and worry has proliferated in the past decade. This chapter reviews the literature with the aim of consolidating key findings, identifying underresearched areas, and suggesting new directions for future research. We also discuss assessment measures for relevant constructs, as well as pertinent clinical implications. To avoid redundancy with Harvey’s (2005) excellent prior review, we pay special attention to new and emerging research topics such as rumination and sleep; nearly all research on sleep and rumination has emerged since 2003. We also critically consider evidence for the similarities and differences between rumination and worry, especially in terms of their effects on sleep. Similarly, while Harvey focused her review on repetitive thought in insomnia disorder, we adopt a transdiagnostic approach emphasizing the relationship between repetitive thought and sleep disturbance outside diagnostic constraints.
The Right and the Good, and the Place of Freedom of Religion in Human Rights

To the extent that the project of defining and protecting human rights in the post-World War II era has in fact represented a systematic effort to place the priority of rights over the good, it has both failed on its own terms and also can become quite dangerous to human dignity and liberty. From that perspective, the endorsement and deployment of the language and concepts of human rights by the Catholic Church in Dignitatis humanae and contemporaneous or subsequent magisterial documents, can be seen as puzzling and perhaps problematic. At the same time, there is another, more limited, way to understand and to pursue the legal and political protection of human rights in practice that is more defensible and coherent, as a recognition and respect for the structural openness of the human person to the truth, and as an articulation of certain aspects of the common good. This latter approach to human rights can hold, if at all, only insofar as there is a robust primacy given to the right of religious freedom within the canon of human rights. In this way, the centrality of religious freedom to the protection of human dignity is, in fact, key to the coherence and viability of the entire human rights project.
“Make no provision for the flesh”: recognizing the incarnation in and after Augustine

This article argues for the importance of the intelligibility of the sexed body to incarnational theology. Building on Mark Jordan's reading of Augustine, I focus on the paradox of the incarnation ...
Design of a novel wireless power system using machine learning techniques for drone applications

In this paper, the design of a novel wireless power transfer system utilizing drones with machine learning techniques is presented. Research on drones is currently a fast growing field with a great potential in many ubiquitous applications. The wireless power transfer system with the fixed operation frequency at 13.56MHz is applied to an 1-coil receiver on the drone, with an array of transmitter coils on the ground. This work presents an approach where the data is considered “classified” using machine learning techniques, which allows the accurate prediction of the drone's position, thus enhancing the wireless power transfer efficiency.
The Effect of Training on Response Force during Operant Extinction

Although the phenomenon of increased response vigor following nonreward is well known, the relationship of this so-called “frustration effect” to previous experience in similar nonreward situations has not been investigated. The purpose of the research was to assess the functional relationship between reinforcement history and the distribution of response forces during the extinction of an operant response. Human Ss were employed in a 2×2×2 factorial experiment in which the major variables were the force of the reinforced response during training, the sequence of training, and the sex of the S. The results indicated that responses learned in training transferred to the extinction condition, thus contradicting predictions from a drive-produced frustration theory. The relevance of these findings to theories of frustration is discussed.
Clozapine-induced acute gastrointestinal necrosis: a case report

Clozapine is known to cause fecal impaction and ileus with resultant colonic necrosis due to compression of colonic mucosa. There are rare reports of clozapine causing necrosis of other portions of the gastrointestinal tract unrelated to constipation. We describe a case of acute necrosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract and small bowel to due to clozapine and quetiapine. A 66-year-old white man with a past medical history of schizophrenia, maintained on clozapine and quetiapine, presented with hypoxic respiratory failure caused by aspiration of feculent emesis due to impacted stool throughout his colon. His constipation resolved with discontinuation of clozapine and quetiapine, and his clinical condition improved. These medicines were restarted after 2 weeks, resulting in acute gastrointestinal necrosis from the mid esophagus through his entire small bowel. He died due to septic shock with Gram-negative rod bacteremia. Clozapine may cause acute gastrointestinal necrosis.
The phonetic specificity of contrastive hyperarticulation in natural speech

Abstract Evidence suggests that speakers hyperarticulate phonetic cues to word identity in a way that increases phonetic distance to similar competitors. However, the degree and type of phonetic similarity between competitors which induces hyperarticulation remains unclear. Here, we compared neighborhood density (as a representative of a phonetically-general type of similarity) to the existence of a phonetic cue-specific lexical minimal pair in terms of their ability to predict hyperarticulation of two different cue-types in a corpus of natural English speech. For all phonetic cues that we investigated – word-initial voiceless stop VOT, word-initial voiced stop VOT, and vowel-vowel Euclidean formant distance – cue-specific minimal pair existence significantly predicted cue hyperarticulation, while neighborhood density did not. Further, the direction of change in a phonetic cue was found not to be consistent within a given cue-type, but instead varied as a function of the phonetic relationship, creating greater phonetic distance to the competitor. For tokens of word-initial voiceless stops, existence of a voiced-stop minimal pair predicted significantly longer VOT, while for word-initial voiced stops, existence of a voiceless-stop minimal pair predicted a shorter VOT. For tokens of vowels, existence of a minimal pair defined by a nearby vowel predicted greater Euclidean distance in formant space from that vowel, rather than greater expansion of the vowel space per se. For example, lax vowels in words with a more peripheral vowel minimal pair competitor (e.g., ship ∼ sheep) were relatively centralized, while tense vowels in words with a more interior vowel minimal pair competitor (e.g., date ∼ debt) were relatively peripheralized.
Contemporary challenges and novel strategies for health-system formulary management.

The 2008 ASHP “Guidelines on the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee and the Formulary System” noted that designation of a formulary medication should reflect a determination that the medication is “appropriate for routine use” (emphasis added) in a particular patient population.[1][1] Many
Electronixtutor integrates multiple learning resources to teach electronics on the web

ElectronixTutor is a new Intelligent Tutoring System for electronics that integrates multiple intelligent learning resources, including AutoTutor, Dragoon, LearnForm, ASSISTments, and BEETLE-II, as well as Point & Query hotspots on diagrams and numerous text documents on the subject of electronics. ElectronixTutor's student model contains a set of electronics knowledge components (e.g., "transistor behavior"), each of which are taught by multiple learning resources. ElectronixTutor also features a recommender system, which suggests topics and resources for the student to try based on the student model. ElectronixTutor uses a Moodle interface, and is accessible to anyone via a web browser. Currently, ElectronixTutor is being tested by undergraduate electronics students before supplementing Naval Apprentice Technician Training coursework in the fall of 2018.
Reply to “Involvement of oxidative stress in Fanconi's anaemia: from phenotype to FA protein functions”

Reply to “Involvement of oxidative stress in Fanconi's anaemia: from phenotype to FA protein functions”
International Student Engagement: An Exploration of Student and Faculty Perceptions.

An increasing number of faculty have brought up questions and concerns comparative studyabout supporting international students’ academic engagement and success. However, little is known about faculty’s approaches to international student engagement and how they may differ from international students’ selfreported engagement at four-year institutions. Using data from the National Survey of Student Engagement and Faculty Survey of Student Engagement, both large-scale and multi-institutional datasets, this study explores international student engagement in learning strategies, collaborative learning, and student-faculty interaction as well as international student engagement from the perspectives of faculty and students. Recommendations on supporting international student engagement from an individual faculty level, department level, and institutional level are discussed.
Abstract TMP81: Nationally Representative Estimates of Readmission Rates After Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery for Moyamoya Disease

Background: International trials have suggested benefit of extracranial- intracranial bypass (ECICB) for Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, nationally representative US data on demographics and adver...
On Three Axiom Systems for Classical Mereology

We correct an error and expose two redundancies in the axiom systems presented by Paul Hovda in his 2009 influential paper, ‘What is classical mereology?’.
255-nm Light-emitting Diode Kills Enterococcus faecalis and Induces the Production of Cellular Biomarkers in Human Embryonic Palatal Mesenchyme Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts.

Abstract Introduction The successful treatment of infected or inflamed endodontic tissues requires chemomechanical debridement of the canal spaces and proper sealing of the coronal and apical canal openings. Only a few methods are available to further disinfect areas or initiate regeneration of local tissues. In this study, we assessed the ability of 255-nm and 405-nm light-emitting diode (LED) treatment to kill planktonic cultures of Enterococcus faecalis and induce the production of cellular biomarkers related to endodontic tissue regeneration. Methods We determined the antimicrobial effects of 255-nm and 405-nm LED treatment on E. faecalis and the effects of 255-nm and 405-nm LED treatment on the production of osteoinductive, angiogenic, proliferative, and proinflammatory biomarkers from human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells and gingival fibroblasts. Results We showed that 255-nm LED but not 405-nm LED treatment killed E. faecalis; the 255-nm LED and sodium hypochlorite more efficiently killed E. faecalis; neither 255-nm nor 405-nm LED treatment affected the viability of HEPM cells and gingival fibroblasts; and 255-nm LED treatment, alone or in combination with 405-nm LED treatment, of HEPM cells and gingival fibroblasts induced the production of biomarkers related to endodontic tissue regeneration. Conclusions The results of this study suggest a new treatment modality using short periods of 255-nm LED treatment as an adjunct to chemomechanical debridement for the disinfection of inflamed sites and the production of biomarkers related to endodontic tissue regeneration.
Improving Behavioral Health in Young People: It Is Time for Social Work to Adopt Prevention:

Behavioral health problems in young people are often addressed through costly and ineffective treatment, rehabilitation, and control strategies aimed at helping children and adolescents after probl...
Associations between local government expenditures and low birth weight incidence: Evidence from national birth records

Abstract Local governments play an integral role in providing public services to their residents, yet the population health benefits are frequently overlooked, especially when services are outside the traditional health domain. With data from the U.S. Census of Governments and national birth records (spanning from 1992 to 2014), we examined whether local government expenditures on parks and recreation services (PRS) and housing and community development (HCD) predicted county low birth weight outcomes (population incidence and black-white disparities). Hypotheses were tested using bias-corrected county-by-period fixed effects models in a sample of 956 U.S. counties with a total of 3619 observations (observations were defined as three-year pooled estimates), representing 24 million births. Adjusting for prior county low birth weight incidence, levels of total operational, health, and hospital expenditures, and time-varying county sociodemographics, an increase in per capita county PRS expenditures of $50 was associated with 1.25 fewer low birth weight cases per 1000. Change in county HCD expenditures was not associated with low birth weight incidence, and, contrary to hypotheses, neither expenditure type was linked to county black-white disparities. Further examination of the benefits to birth outcomes from increasing parks and recreation services is warranted.