cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Submucosal accumulation of fat in inflammatory bowel disease: CT/pathologic correlation

Abstract A prominent submucosal layer of decreased attenuation was demonstrated on CT in three patients with inflammatory bowel disease. On pathologic examination this zone proved to be due to extensive submucosal fat accumulation and not active inflammation. The potential significance of this finding is discussed.
Blackbody Infrared Radiative Dissociation of Partially Solvated Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complex Ions†

Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry has been utilized to study solvates of tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Spontaneous dissociation of solvent (acetonitrile, acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone) from the solvation shell occurs when these ions are trapped for extended periods of time in the ICR cell. The pressures employed in these experiments are low enough (10-9 to 10-8 mbar) to neglect (or partially neglect) collisional activation as a means for dissociation. Therefore, it is suggested that the solvated ruthenium species undergo dissociation following the absorption of blackbody infrared radiation. Solvent−complex dissociation has been studied at several pressures ranging from 10-9 to 10-8 mbar to provide a range of dissociation data in the low-pressure regime. The results reported here demonstrate the consistency of the dissociation rate constants at pressures that differ by an order of magnitude. Temperature dependence studies were performed ...
C1 Régulation des taux cérébraux de peptide Aß par l’AMP kinase

Introduction Le resveratrol (trans-3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene) est un polyphenol naturel capable d’induire la degradation du peptide beta-amyloide (Abeta), le constituant majeur des plaques seniles formees au cours de la maladie d’Alzheimer. En plus de ses activites anti-oxydantes et anti-inflammatoires, des etudes ont demontrees que le resveratrol mimait l’effet de la restriction calorique sur l’allongement de la duree de vie chez differents organismes. Entre outre, l’administration reguliere de resveratrol augmente l’esperance de vie des souris soumises a un regime hypercalorique. Comme cela a ete demontre pour la restriction calorique, les effets benefiques du resveratrol sur la longevite passent par l’activation de la proteine kinase activee par l’AMP (AMPK). L’AMPK joue un role cle dans la regulation du metabolisme energetique en ciblant des proteines impliquees par exemple dans la synthese et l’oxydation des acides gras, ou encore en regulant la degradation proteique via l’inhibition du represseur de l’autophagie : mTOR. Ces donnees suggerent que l’effet du resveretrol sur le metabolisme de l’Abeta pourrait egalement passer par l’activation de l’AMPK. Materiel et methodes/Resultats Nous avons confirme l’effet du resveratrol sur la diminution du peptide Abeta in vitro dans les cellules HEK293 et N2a qui surexpriment APP. Grâce a l’utilisation d’une methode de criblage de kinases, nous avons identifie l’AMPK comme etant l’une des cibles principales du resveratrol. Nous avons determine que l’activation de l’AMPK par le resveratrol resulte d’une augmentation des niveaux intracellulaires de calcium et de l’activation de CaMKKbeta. De plus, l’activation pharmacologique de l’AMPK ou l’expression par transfection d’une forme constitutivement active de la kinase entraine une diminution de l’Abeta. Inversement, l’utilisation d’un dominant negatif de l’AMPK inhibe l’effet du resveratrol sur Abeta, suggerant que le resveratrol diminue Abeta en activant AMPK. L’activation d’AMPK par le resveratrol entraine l’inhibition de mTOR, augmentant ainsi l’autophagie et la degradation intracellulaire de l’Abeta. Finalement, l’administration de resveratrol a des souris transgeniques APP/ PS1 entraine une activation de l’AMPK dans le cerveau et une diminution signficative de l’Abeta et des depots amyloides dans le cortex. Conclusion Nos resultats indiquent que l’activation de la voie CaMKKbeta/AMPK/mTOR par le resveratrol entraine la degradation intracellulaire de l’Abeta par un mecanisme d’autophagie.
Adapting an Outcome-Based Education Development Process to Meet Near Real-Time Challenges to Sustainable Agricultural Production

AbstractPurpose: This paper examines the benefits of using an outcome-based education (OBE) method within agricultural extension outreach programmes for professional and farmer audiences. Design/Methodology/Approach: The method is elaborated through two practical examples, which show that focused, short-duration programmes can produce meaningful skill development and impacts at the farm level. Both examples addressed pressing problems that were evolving during the education programme, and we sought a method that would respond adaptively to local circumstances and unanticipated changes. Key aspects of the method include strategic planning to properly focus education programmes, and the integration of data-driven decision support tool development to reduce uncertainty associated with the use of high-risk pest management inputs. Findings: Professionals and farmers increased their knowledge and skills related to pesticide management, and follow-up evaluation documented high levels of adoption of risk reductio...
Ethology of Sleep Studied with Time-Lapse Photography: Postural Immobility and Sleep-Cycle Phase in Humans

Human sleep is characterized by episodes of immobility punctuated by major postural shifts. The organization of this motor activity was shown with a combination of photographic and electroencephalographic recording to be periodic and related to the electroencephalographic sleep cycle. The amount of immobility as measured photographically was positively related to subjective estimates of the goodness of sleep.
Volcanic glasses, their origins and alteration processes

Natural glass can be formed by volcanic processes, lightning (fulgarites) burning coal, and by meteorite impact. By far the most common process is volcanic - basically the glass is rapidly chilled molten rock. All natural glasses are thermodynamically unstable and tend to alter chemically or to crystallize. The rate of these processes is determined by the chemical composition of the magma. The hot and fluid basaltic melts have a structure that allows for rapid crystal growth, and seldom forms glass selvages greater than a few centimeters thick, even when the melt is rapidly cooled by extrusion in the deep sea. In contrast the cooler and very viscous rhyolitic magmas can yield bodies of glass that are tens of meters thick. These highly polymerized magmas have a high silica content - often 71–77% SiO2. Their high viscosity inhibits diffusive crystal growth. Basalt glass in sea water forms an alteration zone called palagonite whose thickness increases linearly with time. The rate of diffusion of water into rhyolitic glass, which follows the relationship - thickness = k (time)12, has been determined as a function of the glass composition and temperature. Increased SiO2 increases the rate, whereas increased CaO, MgO and H2O decrease the rate. The activation energy of water diffusion varies from about 19 to 22 kcal/mol. for the glasses studied. The diffusion of alkali out of rhyolite glass occurs simultaneously with water diffusion into the glass. The rate of devitrification of rhyolitic glass is a function of the glass viscosity, which in turn is a function of water content and temperature. Although all of the aforementioned processes tend to destroy natural glasses, the slow rates of these processes, particularly for rhyolitic glass, has allowed samples of glass to persist for 60 million years.
Challenges in the automatic parallelization of large-scale computational applications

ABSTRACT Application test suites used in the development of parallelizing compilers typically include single-file programs and algorithm kernels. The challenges posed by full-scale commercial applications are rarely addressed. It is often assumed that automatic parallelization is not feasible in the presence of large, realistic programs. In this paper, wereveal some of the hurdles that must be crossed in order to enable these compilers to apply parallelization techniquesto large-scale codes. We use a benchmark suite that has been specifically designed to exhibit the computing needs found in industry. The benchmarks are provided by the High Performance Group of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) . They consist of a seismic processing application and a quantum level molecularsimulation. Both applications exist in a serial and a parallel variant. The parallel variants are hand-parallelized withshared-memory directives either at the largest level of granularity or in a hybrid manner where MPI is used at thelargest level of granularity and OpenMP directives are used at a lower level. In our studies we compare the parallelvariants with the automatically parallelized, serial codes. We use the Polaris parallelizing compiler, which takesFortran codes and inserts OpenMP directives around loops determined to be dependence-free. Polaris also reportsthe reasons why it assumes that a ioop is parallel. We have found five challenges faced by an automatic parallelizingcompiler when dealing with full applications: modularity, legacy optimizations, symbolic analysis, array reshaping,and issues arising from input/output operations. The results of this work will be used to equip parallelizing compilerswith the necessary capabilities for handling commercially relevant science and engineering applications.Keywords: Large-scale Computational Applications, Automatic Parallelization, Compiler Techniques
Meta-analysis of the association between the catecholamine-O-methyl-transferase gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severely debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 1-2% of the population. Data from twin and family studies have shown that genetic factors contribute to the expression of the disease. The dopaminergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of OCD, and catecholamine-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) is a key modulator of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. The gene for COMT has a common polymorphism that has been shown to be correlated with a three- to fourfold change in enzymatic activity. Several groups have searched for an association between the COMT gene polymorphism and the presence or absence of OCD, with contrasting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of both the published literature and unpublished data. Available data were stratified according to the original study design as either case-control or family-based, and two separate meta-analyses were conducted, using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. These analyses showed insufficient evidence to support an association between the COMT gene polymorphism and OCD. Subgroup stratification based on gender generated no statistically significant associations. These results should be considered in any future work correlating the COMT gene with OCD.
Tritium incorporation at specific positions in benzo(a)pyrene.

Summary The carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene, was tritiated by two methods: exchange reaction with T 2 SO 4 at the 1, 3 and 6 positions and quenching of a Grignard reagent prepared from 6-iodo-benzo[a]pyrene with T 2 O which gave almost exclusively 6-tritiated material. The exchange reaction incorporated 118 mc/mmole of which 60% was determined to be in the 6 position and 40% in the 1 and 3 positions. The Grignard reaction produced a specific activity of 56 mc/mmole of which 97.5% was incorporated in the 6 position.
Laboratory and psychometric measurements of impulsivity among violent and nonviolent female parolees

Abstract Background: Female parolees participated in a study to determine the relationship between behavioral and psychometric measures of impulsivity and their previous criminal history. Methods: Subjects were assigned to a violent ( n = 10) or nonviolent group ( n = 20) based upon their criminal history. Subjects were given two response options defined as: 1) an impulsive choice—small monetary reward (5 cents) after a short fixed delay of 5 sec, and 2) a self-control choice—a larger monetary reward (15 cents) after a variable longer delay initially set at 15 sec. The measure of impulsivity in this behavioral choice procedure was the number of trials on which the subject selected the impulsive option. This definition of impulsivity is based upon an extensive experimental literature in nonhumans and humans related to delay of gratification, that is, the ability to tolerate long delays imposed between the initiation of behavior and the presentation of a reinforcer. Results: Our results indicated that the violent female subjects selected the impulsive option significantly more often than the nonviolent female parolees. Conclusions: The correlation between impulsive and aggressive responses among the female parolees was nonsignificant and negative, in contrast to a significant positive correlation previously reported among male parolees.
Splitting of magneto-excitonic plasmas under intense femtosecond excitation in strong magnetic fields

Novel magneto-exciton features are observed in InxGa 1-xAs quantum wells using intense femtosecond laser excitation in strong magnetic fields (25 T), including Landau-level splitting and dynamic red and blue energy shifts vs. magnetic field
Low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InP using the new precursors pentamethylcyclopentadienylindium(I) and white phosphorus

Abstract Low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InP has been achieved with previously unexplored indium precursor, pentamethylcyclopentadienylindium(I) and white phosphorus rather than traditional sources such as trimethylindium or triethylindium and phosphine. By taking advantage of the low sublimation temperature of new indium precursor, epitaxial InP was obtained at low substrate temperatures ranging between 150°C and 250°C on InP substrates with rather low growth rates of 2–34 A/min. Optical qualities of grown InP homoepitaxy were analyzed by low-temperature photoluminescence (10 K). Luminescence peaks at 1.419 and 1.418 eV correspond to free excitons and donor bound excitons, respectively. The dominant accidental impurities were donors. Neither acceptor-bound excitons nor significant free electrons to acceptor recombination peaks were observed. The InP epilayers grown on InP substrates at a temperature ranging from 180°C to 230°C had higher intensity and narrower full-width at half-maximum of luminescence peaks than those of the iron-doped, semi-insulating InP substrates.
New Constrained-Geometry C2-Symmetric Di-N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Their Mono- and Dinuclear Rhodium(I) Complexes: Design, Synthesis, and Structural Analysis

A new C2-symmetric di-N-heterocyclic carbene (di-NHC) ligand is synthesized, and its coordination behavior with Rh(I) salts is examined. A comprehensive list is presented describing the synthesis o...
Enuresis in children with sleep apnea

Abstract Objectives To test the hypothesis that the presence of nocturnal enuresis is related to the severity of sleep apnea, we examined the relation between the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI, apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep) and the presence and severity of enuresis. Study design All children 4 years of age and older who were referred to our sleep center for suspected sleep disordered breathing (SDB) were asked whether and how frequently they currently wet the bed. All patients underwent full overnight polysomnography (PSG). The relation between RDI and enuresis was examined by χ 2 analysis. A value of P Results Ninety boys and 70 girls were studied; 66 children (41%) described current enuresis. At all ages, enuresis was more prevalent in our patients than control patients in the literature. Children with an RDI of ≤1 had a significantly lower prevalence of enuresis (17%) than did children with an RDI >1 (47%) ( P 1 ( P 15 ( P =.92). Conclusions There is a high prevalence of enuresis in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Children with an RDI >1 were at higher risk for enuresis than children with an RDI ≤1. This may be due to the effects of obstructive sleep apnea on arousal response, bladder pressure, or urinary hormone secretion. (J Pediatr 2003;142:515-8)
Classification and radiological assessment

Two major tasks confront the orthopedist with a patient who has sustained a pelvic ring disruption. First, the extent of osseous and ligamentous damage to the pelvis must be assessed by clinical and radiological examination. The degree of pelvic ring instability must specifically be ascertained. Second, based on this initial assessment, the orthopedist must formulate a treatment plan which will minimize the short-term and long-term complications from the injury. Without an accurate determination of the severity of the pelvic injury, treatment decisions may be flawed.
Control Strategy for Maximizing Reconnaissance Range of Hypersonic Cruise Vehicles

Advances in hypersonic vehicle technologies, including high-temperature materials, lightweight structures, and high thrust-to-weight ratio engines, indicate that a strategic vehicle at higher Mach numbers (approximately 6) is feasible. An efficient performance analysis method is developed along with a control strategy to evaluate potential hydrogen-fueled turbojet/ramjet propulsion systems for advanced technology hypersonic cruise vehicles. A conceptual strategic reconnaissance mission is evaluated for tradeoffs between throttle and angle of attack control in minimizing fuel consumption/maximizing range. Many mission, flight, and vehicle-related requirements and constraints are satisfied in the design process. In addition, powered hypersonic flight produces unique performance characteristics not encountered at subsonic speeds.
ACM-learning architecture: A normative proposal for technology enhanced education for developing countries

Although technological advances offer new paradigms in e-learning, developing countries in the world are still unable to fully utilize the advantage of these improvements due to limited availability of these technologies, lack of proper management and infrastructure problems. In this paper, we propose a new multidisciplinary energy-efficient framework for Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in generic developing countries where students in range K-12 will be profited. Our proposed mechanism uses an Apps Centric Mobile (ACM) learning architecture as an improvement over conventional m-learning modules. We recommend the use of mobile and multimedia technology to reach the vast student population of under-developed countries to impart quality, cost-effective learning in an effective way extending learning beyond classrooms, student-centered learning and national competitiveness.
Welfare Program Implementation and Parents’ Depression

This study examines how the frontline practices in welfare offices explain variation in program impacts on parents’ depression. The study uses data from four large‐scale experimental studies and conducts multilevel statistical modeling on 6,761 families in 22 local welfare offices. Analyses examine the ways that two program implementation practices (emphasis on quick job entry and personal client attention) are associated with program impacts on parents’ depressive symptoms. Effects vary by the age composition of the parents’ children, such that programmatic emphasis on quick job entry is associated with increases in depression among parents with preschool‐age children but not among parents with school‐age children. Findings have implications for research, policy, and practice.
Inhibition of Oncogene Expression Using Vector-Generated RNA Antisense

Antisense RNA expression vectors have been developed relatively recently as a means to study the role of specific oncogenes in malignant transformation. In this paper, strategies for the construction of antisense plasmid vectors from commercially available reagents are described. Techniques for the introduction of these vectors into cell lines and tumors are also described and preferred methods for the evaluation of biological effects are presented. Lastly, using specific examples, the limitations and potential artifacts associated with antisense vector use in the study of tumorigenesis are discussed.
Improving the efficiency of LPG compression Ignition engines for passenger cars through waste heat recovery

The turbocharged direct injection lean burn Diesel engine is the most efficient now in production for transport applications with full load brake efficiencies up to 40 to 45% and reduced penalties in brake efficiencies reducing the load by the quantity of fuel injected. The secrets of this engine's performances are the high compression ratio and the lean bulk combustion mostly diffusion controlled in addition to the partial recovery of the exhaust energy to boost the charging efficiency. The major downfalls of this engine are the carbon dioxide emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels using fossil diesel, the energy security issues of using foreign fossil fuels in general, and finally the difficulty to meet future emission standards for soot, smoke, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide and unburned hydrocarbons for the combustion of the fuel injected in liquid state and the lack of maturity the lean after treatment system. LPG is an alternative fuel with a better carbon to hydrogen ratio therefore permitting reduced carbon dioxide emissions. It flashes immediately to gaseous form even if injected in liquid state for a much cleaner combustion almost cancelling some of the emissions (even if unfortunately not all of them) of the diesel and it permits a much better energy security within Australia. The paper presents a passenger car diesel engines converted to LPG. In this engine the efficiency is then improved recovering the waste heat. This recovery has impacts on both the in cylinder fuel conversion efficiency and the efficiency of the after treatment. Results of engine performance simulations are performed for a in-line four cylinder 1.6 litres LPG CI passenger car engine with a power turbine following the turbine of the turbocharger or an heat exchanger to recover the exhaust (and other) waste heat and compared with the experimental results for the diesel without waste heat recovery
Treatment of epilepsy following rejection of epilepsy surgery

Abstract Important progress has been made with the development of both surgical and medicinal treatment of epilepsy but these two developments are rarely seen in a common perspective. Today epilepsy surgery should be discussed with the patient when a reasonable degree of pharmacoresistance has been established, and the chances of an operation clearly outweigh its risks. At that time, there will still be a number of pharmacological options. A study of 15 patients who were evaluated for at least four years after surgery had been considered but rejected after intensive monitoring, pharmacological pursuit was successful in eight, and failed in seven. The successfully treated patients comprise three who became seizure free, and one with isolated auras as the only persisting seizure type. The successful regimens were highly individual, stretching from monotherapies to one four-drug combination. The idea of presenting this small series is not to promote or establish any therapeutic strategies and guidelines but, rather, to draw attention to a neglected interface between surgical and medicinal procedures, and to increase awareness that epilepsy therapy will still be most successful when it is seen as a whole, and must not be split up into competing ideologies. Concerns are not well founded that epilepsy surgery may be seen as the last hope for pharmacoresistant patients, and that, if surgery is declined, a loss of this hope may be intolerable to the patient.
Computed Tomography in the Management of Orbital Trauma

Computed tomography (CT scanning) is a valuable aid in the management of orbital trauma because it provides a method of visualizing tissues and objects of many different densities. CT scanning can be used to study orbital fractures in order to suggest the prognosis for improvement of ocular malpositions after surgery. The extent of fractures and the etiology of many soft tissue abnormalities can be determined by this technique. Foreign bodies can be accurately localized so that the approach to their removal can be planned.
Autoantibodies and rheumatic disorders in a neurology inpatient population: A prospective study

Purpose To determine the prevalence and spectrum of underlying rheumatic diseases, especially Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and the antiphospholipid syndrome, and the prevalence of the lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibody (ANA), and rheumatoid factor (RF) within a neurologic patient population. Patients and Methods The study design entailed a prospective, consecutive sample of patients admitted to a university-affiliated neurology service for 72 hours or more. Study patients were obtained from a sequential evaluation of 100 inpatients with a wide spectrum of neurologic diseases. Another 31 eligible patients were not included due to refusal (n = 4), inability to give consent (n = 12), or an incomplete database (n = 15). All patients underwent a physical examination and responded to a rheumatic disease questionnaire (administered by one rheumatologist) assessing signs and symptoms relevant to rheumatic disease. All had lupus anticoagulant, ANA, and RF determinations. An independent patient evaluation was done by the attending neurologist. Results Eleven patients had a rheumatic or autoimmune disorder directly related to their neurologic admission: three patients with SS (one each with embolic stroke, dementia, and hemiparetic somatization); three patients with lupus anticoagulant syndrome (all with stroke, recurrent in two); one patient with systemic lupus erythematosus accompanied by migraine headache and the lupus anticoagulant; and one patient each with isolated central nervous system (CNS) angiitis, neuro-Behcet's disease, CNS Whipple's disease, and HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthropathy. Nineteen patients had one or more autoantibodies: ANA greater than or equal to 1:80 (n = 10); RF greater than or equal to 1:80 (n = 6); and positive lupus anticoagulant (n = 7). The seroreactivity of 10 of these patients remained unexplained. Conclusions This neurologic population demonstrated significant seroreactivity and rheumatic disease associations, with SS and lupus anticoagulant-related neurologic disease the most common. Since SS and the antiphospholipid syndrome can be overlooked, it is recommended that a formal evaluation for SS and a direct lupus anticoagulant assay should be considered in the examination of patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Anistropy effects in the acoustoelectric interaction in GaAs

Abstract Within the small-signal approximation the Hutson-White theory of the acoustoelectric effect has been extended to account for piezoelectric and elastic anisotropy. The results are applied to the case of GaAs with the static electric field along a [111] direction, where the coupling to quasitransverse ‘off-axis’ waves turns out to be of primary importance.
Partial liquid ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure reduce ventilator-induced lung injury in an ovine model of acute respiratory failure.

Objective: To examine the isolated and combined effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) on the development of ventilator-induced lung injury in an ovine model. Design: Prospective controlled animal study. Setting: University-based cardiovascular animal physiology laboratory. Subjects: Thirty-eight anesthetized supine sheep weighing 22.3 ± 2.2 kg. Interventions: Animals were ventilated for 6 hrs (respiratory rate, 15; FIO 2 , 1.0, inspiratory/expiratory ratio, 1:1) with one of five pressure-controlled strategies, expressed as peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)/PEEP: low-PIP, 25/5 cm H 2 O (n = 8); high-PIP, 50/5 cm H 2 O (n = 8); high-PIP-PLV, 50/5 cm H 2 O-PLV (n = 8); high-PEEP, 50/20 cm H 2 O (n = 7); and high-PEEP-PLV, 50/20 cm H 2 O-PLV (n = 7). Measurements and Main Results: Compared with the low-PIP control, high-PIP ventilation increased airleak, shunt, histologic evidence of lung injury, neutrophil infiltrates, and wet lung weight. Maintaining PEEP at 20 cm H 2 O or adding PLV reduced the development of physiologic shunt and dependent histologic injury indexes. Neither higher PEEP nor PLV reduced the high incidence of barotrauma observed in high-PIP animals. Conclusions: We conclude that application of PLV or PEEP at 20 cm H 2 O may improve gas exchange and afford lung protection from ventilator-induced lung injury during high-pressure mechanical ventilation in this model.
Early elevation of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in pediatric acute lung injury identifies patients at increased risk of death and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

ObjectiveTo determine whether soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, a biological marker of alveolar epithelial and lung endothelial injury and alveolar macrophage activation, is elevated in the plasma of pediatric patients with acute lung injury and to examine whether elevated plasma sI
Identification and characterization of a fatty acid binding protein in bovine mammary gland

A fatty acid binding protein (FABP) was isolated from bovine mammary cytosol by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated a mol. wt. of 12,000. Isoelectric focusing showed two bands at pH 5.6 and 5.8. FABP bound long chain fatty acids and their CoA thioesters, but not medium or short chain fatty acids. Affinity constant (Ka) for 18:1 was about 2 micromolar. Endogenously bound fatty acids included 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1, in both covalent and noncovalent association with FABP. Activities of microsomal phosphatidic acid phosphatase, fatty acid:CoA ligase or diacylglycerol acyltransferase were not affected by purified FABP in vitro.
Electrophysiological correlates of presynaptic opiate receptor activation" reduction in norepinephrine-mediated inhibition from the locus coeruleus

Inhibitory responses of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells to locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation and iontophoresis of norepinephrine (NE) were examined before and after administration of morphine to determine whether the inhibitory modulation of NE release by opiates results in a functional impairment in noradrenergic synaptic action. Administration of morphine systemically (0.2-1.2 mg/kg, i.v.) or by iontophoresis reduced inhibitions in Purkinje firing elicited by LC stimulation without affecting depressions in activity induced by postsynaptic applications of NE. This antagonistic effect of morphine on LC-induced inhibition was reversed or prevented by naloxone and mimicked by administration of levorphanol but not dextrorphan. Morphine increased the excitatory response of Purkinje cells to monosynaptic input from the parallel fibers, whereas it blocked gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced inhibitions in firing via a non-opiate receptor-mediated mechanism. These results demonstrate that morphine interferes with synaptic inhibition derived from the LC and suggest that this may occur via activation of presynaptic opiate receptors residing on noradrenergic nerve terminals.
Effect of lsoproterenol and EGTA on the volume-pressure relationship of the in vitro whole bladder preparation

In a previous study comparing the pharmacological response of smooth muscle strips isolated from rabbit urinary bladder with the response of the whole bladder preparation, we observed that although isoproterenol stimulated a marked decrease in isometric tension in the muscle strips, isoproterenol only slightly decreased intravesical pressure (whole bladder preparation). We have recently modified our whole bladder system so that we can now quantitatively determine the effect of drugs on bladder volume at constant pressure as well as on intravesical pressure at constant volume. Using this system we have reinvestigated the effect of isoproterenol and have demonstrated that although isoproterenol has only a slight effect on intravesical pressure, this minor effect on pressure resulted in a marked increase in whole bladder volume, and a corresponding increase in cystometric compliance.
279WS Using A New Analytic Framework To Create Evidence-Based Coverage Guidance

Background A state passed comprehensive health reform legislation in 2009 that directed it to develop a process to translate evidence into coverage guidance to be applied rapidly and uniformly across public and private healthcare payers. A Governor-appointed committee managing the state’s Medicaid benefit package developed an analytic framework with a decision algorithm to facilitate coverage decisions. The framework is built upon six decision point priorities: sufficiency of evidence, effectiveness of the treatment and availability of alternatives, treatment risk, cost, prevalence of treatment and research feasibility. Objectives/Goal To practice applying decision-making principles and best available evidence to reach coverage decisions. Target Group, Suggested Audience Policy makers, guideline developers and users. Description of the Workshop and of the Methods used to Facilitate Interactions A short didactic presentation will present the analytic framework development history. We will discuss alternative priorities that could have been adopted. Participants will then work in facilitated small groups to reach coverage decisions using the framework and algorithm. Each small group will have a summary of the evidence available. The topics will include surgery for femoroacetabular syndrome, carotid endarterectomy and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Facilitators will encourage participants to attempt to reach a coverage decision as if they were a policy-making body and will assist with interpretation of the evidence. The group will identify and consider any potential implementation barriers or considerations and propose management strategies. The groups will share their experience using the framework and the facilitators will present the actual decisions the state committee made.
Incorporation of [3H]Thymidine into Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA in Synchronized Mammalian Cells

Human liver cells (Chang) were synchronized by cold shock. The second generation was scanned with two-hour pulses of [3H]thymidine. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA during each pulse was determined. Maximal incorporation into the nuclear DNA occurred during S-phase (6 hours long) and to a smaller extent during and shortly after cytokinesis. The mitochondrial DNA was most highly labeled between S-phase and cytokinesis. The nuclear DNA's had a buoyant density in caesium chloride of 1.699 g/ml, whereas the mitochondrial DNA banded at a density of 1.688 g/ml.
Quantum sets and clifford algebras

The mathematical language presently used for quantum physics is a high-level language. As a lowest-level or basic language I construct a quantum set theory in three stages: (1) Classical set theory, formulated as a Clifford algebra of “S numbers” generated by a single monadic operation, “bracing,” Br = {…}. (2) Indefinite set theory, a modification of set theory dealing with the modal logical concept of possibility. (3) Quantum set theory. The quantum set is constructed from the null set by the familiar quantum techniques of tensor product and antisymmetrization. There are both a Clifford and a Grassmann algebra with sets as basis elements. Rank and cardinality operators are analogous to Schroedinger coordinates of the theory, in that they are multiplication or “Q-type” operators. “P-type” operators analogous to Schroedinger momenta, in that they transform theQ-type quantities, are bracing (Br), Clifford multiplication by a setX, and the creator ofX, represented by Grassmann multiplicationc(X) by the setX. Br and its adjoint Br* form a Bose-Einstein canonical pair, andc(X) and its adjointc(X)* form a Fermi-Dirac or anticanonical pair. Many coefficient number systems can be employed in this quantization. I use the integers for a discrete quantum theory, with the usual complex quantum theory as limit. Quantum set theory may be applied to a quantum time space and a quantum automaton.
On the Physicochemical Aspects of the Global Fate and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants

The fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a worldwide concern that resulted in the Stockholm Convention of 2001. Current global transport models are primarily evaluative and therefore limited in predicting realistic concentrations of POPs. They are generally Eulerian-type “box” models and use uncertain physicochemical input data. The overall mass balance is the underlying principle for addressing the chemical fate in each environmental compartment and for correctly accommodating the inclusion of the key physicochemical process parameters into any global fate model. The physical chemistry principles of chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport must be used to target and reflect field conditions that realistically address the fate of POPs. The primary thrust of the global transport modeling for POPs should be the development of the Lagrangian type rather than the Eulerian types presently in use. If the global fate of POPs is to be understood so as to be predictive at a high level, ongoing e...
Golgi study of the nucleus of the transpeduncular tract in the rabbit.

The nucleus of the transpeduncular tract was studied in Golgi, reduced silver, and Nissl series of the brain stems of newborn and adult albino rabbits. The nucleus contains cells which differ with respect to their dendritic orientation, dendritic pattern, and size. The terms intranuclear and extranuclear are further used to designate those cells respectively whose axons are restricted to the nucleus or are projected outside the nucleus. The intranuclear cells usually lie ventrally, and their axons distribute dorsally, within the nucleus; and on this basis, the nucleus is divisible into ventral and dorsal divisions. The axons of some of the extranuclear cells studied project and terminate within the substantia nigra, midbrain reticular formation, or red nucleus; whereas the axons of others pass into the transpeduncular tract or medial lemniscus. This study reveals that individual axons of the transpeduncular tract terminate in ventral or dorsal nuclear divisions and suggests that the transpeduncular tract input comprises the largest projection to the nucleus. Axons of cells of the substantia nigra, as well as axons passing from the midbrain reticular formation and probably the anterior accessory optic tract, are shown to terminate primarily within the dorsal division of the nucleus. Axons from the cerebral peduncle are found to end mainly within the ventral division of the nucleus. The findings are discussed in relation to existing biological data.
Confidence interval estimation under some restrictions on the parameters with non-linear boundaries

Abstract This article deals with the confidence interval estimation of θ 1 , when the parameters θ 1 , θ 2 ,…, θ k of k populations are subject to some non-linear constraints. We shall consider two types of restrictions (a) θ belongs to a k -dimensional ball and (b) k =2 and θ 1 ⩽ φ ( θ 2 ), where φ(·) satisfies some conditions. In terms of coverage probability of the confidence intervals, it is seen in case of (a) that it does not always pay to use the additional information available on the parameter. This phenomena is also observed when the mean squared error criterion is considered.
Female patients with breast carcinoma age 30 years and younger have a poor prognosis: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of treatment in young women with breast carcinoma who were treated at a single institution and to develop a clearer understanding of the natural history of the disease in these women. METHODS One hundred eighty-five women age ≤ 30 years in whom a diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma was made between October 1985 and September 1995 were identified in the Tumor Registry data base. Patient data were obtained by chart review. All female patients with breast carcinoma who were age > 30 years and who were identified in the same data base and received treatment during the same period served as the control population. The stage-stratified overall survival (OS) rate for the study patients was compared with the OS rate for both the control population and patients in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). RESULTS Of 185 patients, 11% presented with Stage I disease, 45% presented with Stage II disease, 38% presented with Stage III disease, and 6% presented with Stage IV disease. Twenty-nine percent of patients with Stage I disease received adjuvant therapy, and 84% of patients with Stage II disease and 96% of patients with Stage III disease received either adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among patients with Stage I disease, 8 patients underwent mastectomy and 13 patients underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Among patients with Stage II disease, 66 patients underwent mastectomy and 17 patients underwent BCS. Among patients with Stage III disease, 65 patients underwent mastectomy and 5 patients underwent BCS. The 5-year OS rate was 87% for patients with Stage I disease, 60% for patients with Stage II disease, 42% for patients with Stage III disease, and 16% for patients with Stage IV disease. Compared with the control patients and those in the NCDB, there was a trend toward worse OS rates in women age ≤ 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Women who are diagnosed with breast carcinoma at an age ≤ 30 years appear to have a poorer prognosis compared with that for their older counterparts. Cancer 2001;92:2523–8. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
The Spanish notion of Lie: Revisiting Coleman and Kay

Abstract Coleman and Kay (1981) proposed a prototype semantic analysis of the English word lie, arguing that a ‘good’ lie is one containing three basic elements and that utterances lacking one or more element might still be considered lies but to lesser degrees. The present study replicated their questionnaire by applying it to Spanish in Eastern Ecuador. This paper examines whether or not the concept of a lie is different for Spanish and, if so, to what degree and under what semantic prototypical notions. The questions addressed are (1) if lie is a word in Spanish whose definition involves a prototype in the sense discussed by Coleman and Kay; (2) if there is a prototype containing the three elements considered; (3) how participants assign the word lie to reported speech acts; and (4) whether speakers generally agree on the relative weights of semantic elements. The general notion of a prototype is revealed in the Spanish data; however, the order of semantic elements is different from English. It is also argued that pragmatic and cultural considerations are more important, particularly with respect to social lies.
Children as webmakers: designing a web editor for beginners

In this short paper, we describe the design of a new web editor for beginners called openHTML and our initial evaluation with children aged 10 and 11 in an after-school web-building workshop. Drawing on data from verbally administered surveys and participant observation, we identified three kinds of engagement with the workshop tasks: a homework orientation, an artistic orientation, and a social orientation. We describe the kinds of scaffolding that the children needed to complete their web pages, the places where they struggled, and translate these observations into implications for the design of a web editor for children.
Chronic pelvic pain and gynecological symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome

Chronic pelvic pain and irritable bowel syndrome are common disorders, yet very little is known about their comorbidity. As part of an epidemiological study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome or irritable bowel disease we inquired about a history of chronic pelvic pain and related gynecological problems, and hypothesized that distress associated with either of these conditions was additive in women with both syndromes. A medically trained interviewer evaluated a sequential sample of 60 women with irritable bowel syndrome and 26 women with inflammatory bowel disease in an urban gastroenterology clinic using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, the Briere Child Maltreatment Interview (emotional, physical and sexual abuse), and a structured interview to elicit a lifetime history of chronic pelvic pain that was distinct from the history of bowel distress. Chronic pelvic pain was reported in 21 (35.0%) of the irritable bowel syndrome patients vs. 4 (13.8%) of the inflam...
Polarization of the immune response to the single immunodominant epitope of p38, a major Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen, generates Th1- or Th2-type cytokines and granulomas.

In schistosomiasis mansoni, helminth eggs secrete soluble egg antigens (SEA) that induce T-cell-mediated granulomatous tissue responses. The cloned 38-kDa peptide (p38) of SEA was shown to induce and elicit Th1-type responsiveness in H-2k mice. Subsequently, the immunodominant T-cell epitope (P4) of p38 was shown to elicit pulmonary granuloma formation and Th1-type cytokine production in sensitized or infected mice. Here, we report that the immune response to p38 or P4 can be polarized to a Th1 or Th2 profile when the peptides are presented intraperitoneally in soluble recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) or alum adjuvant, respectively. The Th1 or Th2 profile was verified by cytokine secretion, enzyme-linked spot assay, and antibody isotype characterization. Importantly, the polarized immune response generated two types of pulmonary granulomas around injected P4-coated beads. The type 1 granulomas were smaller and contained mononuclear cells and occasional thin strands of deposited collagen. In contrast, the type 2 lesions were larger and contained mononuclear cells, large numbers of eosinophils, and several thick bands of deposited collagen. By reverse transcription-PCR cytokine, message in the type 1 granuloma-bearing lungs was found for gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase but not for IL-4 or IL-5. Conversely, lungs with type 2 granulomas had message only for IL-4 and IL-5. These results show that in the proper cytokine environment, the response to a strong Th1 inducer peptide can be deviated to a Th2 profile.
Gear-Related Mortality in Selective Fisheries for Ocean Salmon

Abstract In ocean fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., there can be several forms of gear-related mortality. Much research effort has been directed at estimating mortality rates for salmon that are hooked and then released. Also potentially important but not easily measured is mortality of fish that escape from the hook before being brought to the boat or fish that are removed from the hook by predators, so-called “drop offs.” In selective fisheries in which some hatchery-bred fish are marked for retention and unmarked fish legally must be released, the actual mortality rate suffered by unmarked fish depends on the harvest rate for the marked fish, the accuracy of mark recognition, and the proportion of marked and unmarked fish when fishing begins. This paper develops a model for evaluating gear-related mortality in selective fisheries and explores the potential importance of several sources of mortality. Mortality rates for unmarked fish are generally lower than the apparent harvest rates but ...