cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a predictive model for 6 month survival in patients with venous thromboembolism and solid malignancy requiring IVC filter placement

Purpose: Our purpose was to develop a predictive model for short-term survival (i.e. <6 months) following inferior vena cava filter placement in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and solid malignancy. Methods: Clinical and laboratory parameters were retrospectively reviewed for patients with solid malignancy who received a filter between January 2009 and December 2011 at a tertiary care cancer center. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess variables associated with 6 month survival following filter placement in patients with VTE and solid malignancy. Significant variables were used to generate a predictive model. Results: 397 patients with solid malignancy received a filter during the study period. Three variables were associated with 6 month survival: (1) serum albumin [hazard ratio (HR) 0.496, P < 0.0001], (2) recent or planned surgery (<30 days) (HR 0.409, P < 0.0001), (3) TNM staging (stage 1 or 2 vs. stage 4, HR 0.177, P = 0.0001; stage 3 vs. stage 4, HR 0.367, P = 0.0002). These variables were used to develop a predictive model to estimate 6 month survival with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.815, sensitivity of 0.782, and specificity of 0.715. Conclusions: Six month survival in patients with VTE and solid malignancy requiring filter placement can be predicted from three patient variables. Our predictive model could be used to help physicians decide whether a permanent or retrievable filter may be more appropriate as well as to assess the risks and benefits for filter retrieval within the context of survival longevity in patients with cancer.
SANe: The Seed Active Network For Mining Transcriptional Regulatory Programs of Seed Development

Seed development is an evolutionarily important phase of the plant life cycle that governs the fate of next progeny. Distinct sub-regions within seeds have diverse roles in protecting and nourishing the embryo as it enlarges, and for the synthesis of storage reserves that serve as an important source of nutrients and energy for germination. Several studies have revealed that transcription factors (TFs) act in fine coordination to regulate target genes that ensure proper maintenance, metabolism, and development of the embryo. Here, we present genome-wide predictions of seed-specific regulatory interactions between TFs and their target genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The network is based on a panel of high-resolution seed-specific gene expression datasets and takes the form of a module-regulatory network. TFs that are well studied in the literature were often found at the top of the predicted ranks for the module that corresponds to their validated function role. Furthermore, we brought together a dedicated web resource for the systematic analysis of transcriptional-level regulatory programs underlying the development of seeds (https://plantstress-pereira.uark.edu/SANe/). The platform will enable biologists to query a subset of modules, TFs of interest, as well as analyze new transcriptomes to find modules significantly perturbed in their experiment.
7. The Ecology of Transparency Reloaded

As Justice Stewart famously observed, "[t]he Constitution itself is neither a Freedom of Information Act nor an Official Secrets Act." What the Constitution's text omits, the last two generations have embedded in "small c" constitutional law and practice in the form of the Freedom of Information Act and a series of overlapping governance reforms including Inspectors General, disclosure of political contributions, the State Department’s "Dissent Channel," the National Archives Information Security Oversight Office, and the publication rights guaranteed by New York Times v. United States. These institutions constitute an ecology of transparency. The late Justice Scalia argued that the Freedom of Information Act was unnecessary. FOIA has also suffered the converse criticism: that it is necessary but ineffective. A third constellation of critics discerns a mismatch between the legal regime of transparency and the goals of good governance. David Pozen has argued that the costs imposed are pathologically asymmetric. FOIA, he alleges, is "neoliberal" and "reactionary"; it "empowers opponents of regulation, distributes government goods in a regressive fashion, and contributes to a culture of contempt surrounding the domestic policy bureaucracy," while doing little to further scrutiny or control of corporate exploitation. Drawing on case studies from the Bush-era "Global War on Terror" (or "Terrorism"), this chapter argues that critics miss important normative and practical issues. Critiques focused on denied requests and unsuccessfully litigated cases in isolation miss the ways in which information obtained though unlitigated or partially successful requests is facilitated by, and in turn has catalyzed other elements of a broader ecology of transparency. Analysts of FOIA should be alert to the elements of that ecology. Critics should acknowledge its virtues of resiliency and efficacy. Reformers should neither slight nor squander them.
Subject Case Marking and Case Agreement of Modifiers

In this chapter, I will propose that a strong correlation exists between case and grammatical control in Russian, on the basis of some interesting facts (presented in Comrie, 1974) about the agreement of ‘second predicates’ within postverbal infinitival clauses. In section 1, the curious facts about the agreement of second predicates in Russian will be presented. Sections 2 and 3 will show that functional structure provides a level of representation that integrates the information relevant to the determination of case. Finally, I will argue that the case of modifiers then follows to a large extent from the grammatical representation, and that the interaction of the mechanisms of control and agreement suffices to account for the case marking of modifiers. Within this framework, case agreement is precisely that: the modifier shares the case of its functional antecedent. Agreement is a natural consequence of the consistency of lexical information within functional structure.
Uncovering cryptic diversity of Lyngbya: the new tropical marine cyanobacterial genus Dapis (Oscillatoriales)

Cyanobacteria comprise an extraordinarily diverse group of microorganisms and, as revealed by increasing molecular information, this biodiversity is even more extensive than previously estimated. In this sense, the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya is a highly polyphyletic group composed of many unrelated taxa with morphological similarities. In this study, the new genus Dapis was erected from the genus Lyngbya, based on a combined molecular, chemical, and morphological approach. Herein, two new species of cyanobacteria are described: D. pleousa and D. pnigousa. Our analyses found these species to be widely distributed and abundant in tropical and subtropical marine habitats. Seasonally, both species have the ability to form extensive algal blooms in marine habitats: D. pleousa in shallow-water, soft bottom habitats and D. pnigousa on coral reefs below depths of 10 m. Electron microscopy showed that D. pleousa contains gas vesicles, a character not previously reported in Lyngbya. These gas vesicles, in conjunction with a mesh-like network of filaments that trap oxygen released from photosynthesis, provide this species with an unusual mechanism to disperse in coastal marine waters, allowing D. pleousa to be present in both benthic and planktonic forms. In addition, both D. pleousa and D. pnigousa contained nitrogen-fixing genes as well as bioactive secondary metabolites. Several specimens of D. pnigousa biosynthesized the secondary metabolite lyngbic acid, a molecule that has also been isolated from many other marine cyanobacteria. Dapis pleousa consistently produced the secondary metabolite malyngolide, which may provide a promising chemotaxonomic marker for this species.
Instrument Choice in Federal Court Jurisdiction: Rules, Standards, and Discretion

Congress and the federal courts have traditionally adopted rules, as opposed to standards, to establish the boundaries of federal district court jurisdiction. More recently, the Supreme Court has strayed from this path in two areas: federal question jurisdiction and admiralty jurisdiction. Commentators have generally supported the use of discretion in determining federal question jurisdiction, but they have not recognized the relationship to the rule-standard distinction, nor more importantly have they considered the importance of where discretion enters the jurisdictional calculus. In this Article, I argue that predictability and efficiency make it normatively desirable to have rules predominate jurisdictional boundaries, and thus to leave standards – through discretion – to dominate the landscape of abstention. I also argue that the effect of a standard-based jurisdictional boundary may be substantially replicated – to the extent that the metric is the ultimate question of whether the case will be heard in federal court – by having a rule determine the jurisdictional boundary and then giving the federal court discretion to abstain from exercising that jurisdiction, where the courts’ discretionary standard for abstention in the second setting closely resembles the standard used to define the jurisdictional boundary in the first setting. Given this substantial equivalence, migration of the standard from the jurisdictional boundary to abstention is normatively desirable.
Dissection of Heterosis in Alfalfa Hybrids

Progenies of Medicago sativa subsp. sativa by subsp. falcata crosses show hybrid vigor for biomass yield. Sativa-falcata hybrids represent a possible solution to current yield stagnation in alfalfa. In this study we characterized sativa-falcata hybrid biomass yield based on testcrosses of falcata germplasm from throughout its geographic range to elite sativa germplasm tester populations. Morphological, geographic, climate of origin, and molecular marker variables of the falcata parents were used to determine which were most predictive of hybrid biomass yield. European falcata and falcata with good autumn growth were consistent predictors of improved sativa-falcata hybrid performance. Molecular markers clearly separated the two subspecies; however, within falcata no clear genetic structure was found that correlated with geography or biomass yield heterosis. Based on this study, germplasm could be pre-selected before testcrossing based on geography and fall growth. This would alleviate some of the need for falcata-sativa testcrossing and evaluation, the most expensive and time-consuming part of hybrid cultivar development. In conjunction with this study, efforts are underway to dissect and map components of autumn growth and dormancy and determine their relationship with biomass yield. Mapping individual yield components could lead to QTL or candidate gene discovery, which would be useful in a marker assisted selection program.
H-7 increases trabecular facility and facility after ciliary muscle disinsertion in monkeys.

PURPOSE To determine the effects of the serine-threonine kinase inhibitor H-7 on total outflow facility in iridectomized + ciliary muscle (CM)- disinserted, and on trabecular facility in normal, monkey eyes. METHODS Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber. Trabecular outflow facility was determined from accumulation in blood of intracamerally infused radioiodinated albumin at two intraocular pressure levels. RESULTS Three-hundred micromoles of intracameral H-7 doubled facility in iridectomized + CM- disinserted monkey eyes and contralateral iridectomized-only eyes. Four 5-microl drops of 400 mM H-7 applied topically followed 2 hours later by anterior chamber exchange for 10 minutes and intracameral infusion for 90 minutes with 100 microM H-7 increased trabecular and total outflow facility by 135%+/-29% and 105%+/-35% (n 5, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), respectively, compared with contralateral vehicle-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS H-7 increases trabecular outflow facility in monkeys by a mechanism independent of the CM, presumably acting directly on the trabecular meshwork.
Secondary Metabolites as a Tool in Ascomycete Systematics: Lichenized Fungi

For many years, the secondary products called lichen substances have been intimately involved in the systematics of the lichen-forming ascomycetes. Today they take on a new importance as markers in genetic studies and for the analysis of gene flow and reproductive isolation. Lichen systematics has been much hampered in that artificial crosses are not possible. Refined methods of thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography now make it possible to chemotype single-spore cultures grown in vitro and consequently to analyze the progeny of maternal individuals from nature. Since lichen fungi are haploid, the appearance of a progeny chemotype different from the maternal one can detect and identify the source of gene flow. Examples from the Cladonia chlorophaea and Ramalina siliquosa species complexes are used to demonstrate this approach to the analysis of gene exchange in lichen fungi.
Negotiating Science Content: A Structural Barrier in Science Academic Performance

This chapter proposes strategies designed to launch, promote, and enhance science educators’ effectiveness relative to addressing preservice science teachers’ negotiating science content and using different perspectives to engage science learners in critical thinking, creativity, and collaborative problem solving (County of Chief State School Officers, 2011). It is incumbent upon science educators to help future science teachers negotiate science content—notwithstanding pedagogical methodologies. This chapter posits how science educators may help future science teachers become science content engineers using crosscutting concepts, science and engineering practices, and other science standards such as science and technology and the history and nature of science. Conclusions infer “so what” in reference to the big picture—positioning science students for telescopic experiences that augment their getting and understanding the core ideas in science.
The complete chloroplast DNA sequence of eleven grape cultivars. simultaneous resequencing methodology

Aims: The chloroplast DNA sequence of eight Georgian grape cultivars (Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Meskhuri Mtsvane, Chkhaveri, Aladasturi, Krakhuna, Tsitska, Tsolikouri) and three French cultivars (Chardonnay, Gouais Blanc, Chasselas), belonging to four different haplogroups (AAA, ATT, ATA, GTA), was determined by Illumina resequencing of genomic DNA. The chloroplast DNA sequence of the Maxxa cultivar was used as reference.Methods and results: The comparison of sequenced chloroplast DNA gave 100 % identity to Chardonnay and Gouais Blanc, differing from Meskhuri Mtsvane by two insertions/deletions (indels) (all ATA haplogroup). The difference between Chasselas and Saperavi was a single insertion (both ATT haplogroup), while Maxxa, Chkhaveri, Aladasturi, Krakhuna, Tsitska and Tsolikouri were all identical (all members of the GTA haplogroup). Forty-seven identical single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the AAA, ATA and ATT haplogroups in comparison to the reference DNA. Additionally, 18 SNPs were detected for the ATT haplogroup, 4 for AAA, 6 for ATA and 11 for both AAA and ATA. The phylogenetic results show that the ATT, AAA and ATA haplogroups are more closely related to each other than to the GTA haplogroup.Conclusion: In the sequencing data of grape genomic DNA at the coverage (read depth) of chromosomal DNA 30-40, the coverage of chloroplast DNA reaches several thousand reads per bp due to the high number of chloroplast DNA copies in genomic DNA, much higher than necessary for resequencing. Based on these data, a new methodology of simultaneous resequencing of large number of chloroplast DNA was developed without preliminary chloroplast isolation or chloroplast enrichment.Significance and impact of the study: This method has great potential for expanding both phylogenetic and population genetic information on the evolution of domesticated crops.
Predictors of survival, treatment patterns, and outcomes in histiocytic sarcoma.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from non-dendritic, non-Langerhans histiocytic cells of the monocyte/macrophage system [1]. The diagnosis of HS is made base...
Pathology of Gastric Cancer

The objective of this article is to describe the pathology of the most frequent gastric neoplasms and their precursors. The majority of gastric tumors are adenocarcinomas (approximately 88%), followed by lymphomas (3%) and leiomyosarcomas (1.7%). These neoplasms have been the subject of diverse classifications by individual investigators and international bodies. A brief mention of the different classifications of adenocarcinomas is made and is followed by a more detailed description of those considered more relevant. The new “epidemic” of tumors of the cardia is discussed. The advent of endoscopic techniques has directed attention to adenocarcinomas limited to the mucosa and submucosa, to which the terms early and superficial have been applied. They are considered separately. Gastric lymphomas and leiomyosarcomas also are considered.
ChaD: Chat-Oriented Dialog Systems.

Historically, conversational systems have focused on goal-directed interaction and this focus defined much of the work in the field of spoken dialog systems. More recently researchers have started to focus on non- goal-oriented dialog systems often referred to as “chat” systems. We refer to these as Chat-oriented Dialog (ChaD) systems. ChaD systems are not task-oriented and focus on what could be described as social conversation where the goal is to interact with a human interlocutor while maintaining an appropriate level of engagement. Research to date has identified a number of techniques that can be used to implement working ChaDs but it has also highlighted important limitations. This note describes key ChaD characteristics and proposes a research agenda.
Prevalence, Distribution and Identification of Phytophthora Species from Bleeding Canker on European Beech

Abstract While bleeding canker of European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) has long been recognized as a problem in Europe and North America, the cause in the northeastern United States has not been clear. To resolve this, we surveyed for disease prevalence on European beech, identified the pathogens involved, proved their pathogenicity, compared protocols for pathogen detection, and conducted a soil assay to determine pathogen presence in soil surrounding established trees in residential and commercial landscapes in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut and Massachusetts. Approximately 40% of surveyed trees had bleeding cankers. While Phytophthora cactorum, P. gonapodyides, P. cambivora and two newly described species, P. citricola I and P. plurivora, were recovered from symptomatic tissue, P. citricola I and P. cactorum were most prevalent. All caused disease when artificially inoculated into European beech sapling stems, although P. cambivora and P. gonapodyides produced significantly smaller les...
A Gate Driver Design for Medium Voltage Silicon Carbide Power Devices with High dv / dt

The use of silicon carbide (SiC) devices in medium voltage (MV) applications has become a possibility due to the development of reliable MV SiC power devices. However, when SiC devices are used in these MV applications, they are exposed to a high voltage peak stress (of up to 15 kV across the primary and secondary side of the gate driver) and a very high $dv/dt$ (of up to 100 kV/μs across the isolation transformer). The gate driver design is very critical for proper functioning of the MV devices under the presence of such high dv/dt. This paper presents a design of an improved gate driver power isolation method, with a low coupling capacitance between the primary and the secondary side. The footprint of the isolation transformer is minimized to meet the clearance and insulation requirements. Comparisons have been drawn with an existing gate driver topology, on the basis of size of the gate driver, and common mode performances for different $dv/dt$ . Experimental results are provided to validate both the gate driver designs. The testing and analysis is carried out on a 10 kV SiC MOSFET developed and packaged by Wolfspeed. In addition, a brief discussion on the insulation standards for these kinds of applications is provided. The gate driver concept is aimed at providing a benchmark for building an efficient and reliable method to drive MV SiC devices.
3D-printed infrared metamaterials

Dielectric and semiconductor structures at the nanoscale are increasingly being applied in nanophotonic applications such as enhanced sensing, magnetic field enhancements, and metasurfaces. In contrast to their traditional metal plasmon counterparts -- such as Au and Ag -- dielectric materials benefit from low losses and CMOS compatibility. Here we explore of 3D dielectric structures on the nanometer and micron scales via a new patterning method, which employs both 3D, direct laser write (DLW) and reactive ion etching (RIE). Polymer structures, which are controlled down to the submicron scale both laterally and in height are printed using DLW onto various dielectric materials and are sub sequentially, etched using RIE. By tuning the etch ratio of the dielectric and polymer, the 3D printed pattern is transferred into the dielectric. By patterning a range of different 3D geometries onto Si, SiC, and hBN, we show that this method is applicable to a range of dielectric and semiconductor materials and to a range of different microstructures and nanostructures. Further, we show the possibility of selectively removing the polymer mask without damaging the underlying dielectric material, which enables the possibility of additional fabrication methods, such as for etching thin films.
Building biological foundries for next-generation synthetic biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that takes top-down approaches to understand and engineer biological systems through design-build-test cycles. A number of advances in this relatively young field have greatly accelerated such engineering cycles. Specifically, various innovative tools were developed for in silico biosystems design, DNA de novo synthesis and assembly, construct verification, as well as metabolite analysis, which have laid a solid foundation for building biological foundries for rapid prototyping of improved or novel biosystems. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies for synthetic biology and discusses the challenges to establish such biological foundries.
Application-Aware Resource Allocation based on Channel Information for Cellular Networks

In this paper, we introduce an efficient application-aware resource allocation (RA) approach for wireless networks with hybrid traffic. In our model, users are running elastic or inelastic traffic. We use logarithmic and sigmoidal-like utility functions to represent delay tolerant applications and real time applications, respectively, running on the user equipment (UE). Our approach provides an efficient assignment of the spectral resources based on the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users' applications as well as the UEs' channel conditions. We proved that the proposed resource allocation optimization problem is convex and therefore can ensure optimal allocated resources while considering the QoS requirements of the UEs' applications and channels' conditions.
The Recovery of Hibernating Hearts Lies on a Spectrum: from Bears in Nature to Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Clinicians often use the term "hibernating myocardium" in reference to patients with ischemic heart disease and decreased function within viable myocardial regions. Because the term is a descriptor of nature's process of torpor, we provide a comparison of the adaptations observed in both conditions. In nature, hearts from hibernating animals undergo a shift in substrate preference in favor of fatty acids, while preserving glucose uptake and glycogen. Expression of electron transport chain proteins in mitochondria is decreased while antioxidant proteins including uncoupling protein-2 are increased. Similarly, hibernating hearts from patients have a comparable metabolic signature, with increased glucose uptake and glycogen accumulation and decreased oxygen consumption. In contrast to nature however, patients with hibernating hearts are at increased risk for arrhythmias, and contractility does not fully recover following revascularization. Clearly, additional interventions need to be advanced in patients with coronary artery disease and hibernating myocardium to prevent refractory heart failure.
Risk Factors for Child Death During an Intimate Partner Homicide: A Case-Control Study:

Corollary victims represent approximately 20% of all intimate partner homicides (IPH), and many are children. We used National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data (2003–2017) to compare all...
The Green Light SONATA: Foundations for Musical Agents Controlling Traffic Signals*

The goal of this research is to improve signal operation and reduce delay through an innovative transdisciplinary integration of traffic signal control and music theories. The main hypothesis in this research is that “the underlying sense that musicians exhibit during improvisation can be utilized to better synchronize signal control with internal traffic rhythm.” In this work, we developed and used a SONATA interface to control a simulated traffic signal. It was found that two of the three musicians in this study have outperformed the Webster’s optimal control (by 22.3% and 17.6%). It was also found that all three musicians controlled the traffic signal better when they were not looking at the simulation (i.e., using only auditory sensing).
PES Syndrome Presenting as Severe Hyponatremia in an Asymptomatic Septuagenarian.

Background. Hyponatremia is commonly seen in hospitalized patients. In euvolemic individuals, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a common differential. However, before establishing a diagnosis of SIADH, it is imperative to evaluate for hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism. The finding of endocrine abnormalities determined to be of pituitary origin should prompt evaluation by brain MRI. Furthermore, primary empty sella (PES) is commonly seen as an incidental neuroradiological finding. However, PES in association with endocrine abnormalities is recognized as a separate entity called primary empty sella syndrome (PESS). Case Presentation. We report the case of a 71-year-old male sans neurological symptoms who presented to us with severe hyponatremia in whom we used a stepwise approach which led us to the diagnosis of PESS. This methodical approach was crucial for timely correction of the endocrine abnormalities which in turn rectified hyponatremia. Intriguingly, the presence of an ectopic pituitary which is a very rare entity and the sudden manifestation of his underlying endocrine deficiencies in the 8th decade of life make this clinical scenario highly unusual. Conclusion. Clinicians should be aware that absence of an orderly approach to workup presumed SIADH or an assumption of PES (instead of PESS) could both lead to serious consequences in the face of missed endocrine deficiencies.
A Case of Rapidly Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Syphilis That Responded to Treatment With Penicillin.

The involvement of kidneys in syphilis has been reported in the literature with the majority of cases presenting with nephrotic-range proteinuria. We report a case of rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with secondary syphilis. A 40-year-old male with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chronic hepatitis B virus, and chronic kidney disease stage 2 presented with fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, arthralgia, chills, and rash throughout the body. The patient was non-compliant with HIV medication and had unprotected sexual intercourse. Labs showed blood urea nitrogen of 57 mg/dL (range: 7-23 mg/dL), creatinine 8.2 mg/dL (range: 0.5-1.3 mg/dL), and high titers of rapid plasma reagin. The biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis with c3 deposition in mesangium and basement membrane. The patient responded to treatment with penicillin therapy with gradual improvement in kidney function.
Work–life-imbalance during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring social support and health outcomes in the United States

This study explored work–life imbalance and social support during the Spring 2020 COVID-19 shelter-in-place restrictions in the U.S. and their impact on perceived stress and depression. In addition...
Sequence Dependent Repair of 1,N6-Ethenoadenine by DNA Repair Enzymes ALKBH2, ALKBH3, and AlkB.

Mutation patterns of DNA adducts, such as mutational spectra and signatures, are useful tools for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Mutational spectra of carcinogens derive from three sources: adduct formation, replication bypass, and repair. Here, we consider the repair aspect of 1,N6-ethenoadenine (eA) by the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent AlkB family enzymes. Specifically, we investigated eA repair across 16 possible sequence contexts (5'/3' flanking base to eA varied as G/A/T/C). The results revealed that repair efficiency is altered according to sequence, enzyme, and strand context (ss- versus ds-DNA). The methods can be used to study other aspects of mutational spectra or other pathways of repair.
Optimized pulsed sideband cooling and enhanced thermometry of trapped ions

Resolved-sideband cooling is a workhorse technique for a wide range of experiments with trapped ions, atoms, or micromechanical oscillators in the quantum regime. In this work, the authors provide both a novel approach to effectively optimize the cooling sequences using graph theory, as well as a technique to measure the ion temperature more accurately. The procedure should be applicable to any trapped-ion experiment.
Synthesis and characterization of new families of lanthanide perrhenate complexes

Abstract The synthesis, structures, and characterization of two new families of trivalent lanthanide perrhenate complexes, [Ln(ReO4)(H2O)4Cl]Cl·H2O (Ln = La – Nd) (1) and [Ln(ReO4)3(H2O)2] (Ln = Tb, Ho, Er) (2), along with the expansion of a third known family, [Ln(ReO4)3(H2O)4] (Ln = Tm, Lu, Y) (3), is presented. Complex 1 is a purely inorganic member of a rare class of compounds known as cationic materials. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in the P21/m space group and is comprised of two-dimensional (2D) sheets constructed from LnO4(H2O)4Cl monocapped square antiprismatic (CN = 9) lanthanide cations, 2 crystallizes in the C2 space group and is a three-dimensional (3D) structure constructed from two unique LnO6(H2O)2 square antiprismatic (CN = 8) lanthanide cations, and 3 crystallizes in the P21/n space group and is comprised of one-dimensional chains constructed from LnO4(H2O)4 square antiprismatic (CN = 8) lanthanide cations. This work provides a comprehensive study on essentially the entire lanthanide series (sans Pm) and its complexation with perrhenate at room temperature. The structural features of these complexes exhibit properties influenced by contracting ionic radii and increasing hardness upon traversing the lanthanide series.
A Lake's Response to Its Environment

Green Lake in Seattle, Wash., was studied to find the causes underlying its heavy algae blooms and alleged condition of pollution so that its recreational potential might be realized. Data were obtained on urban runoff, lake shore runoff, subsurface inflow, algae populations, waterfowl, composition of sediments, effect of wind-induced currents on water quality, and requirements of competing recreational water uses. Water and nutrient budgets are presented. Nutrient additions sustain heavy algae blooms throughout most of the year, and little can be done to reduce these additions. Bacterial contamination is directly related to waterfowl populations. Changes in physical and chemical water quality are caused largely by algal growth and decay. Recommendations are given for the addition of low-nutrient city water for dilution purposes, for dredging, and for shoreline improvements. It is recommended that increased quantities of storm water not be added.
Finite-difference time-domain synthesis of infrasound propagation through an absorbing atmosphere.

Equations applicable to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computation of infrasound propagation through an absorbing atmosphere are derived and examined in this paper. It is shown that over altitudes up to 160km, and at frequencies relevant to global infrasound propagation, i.e., 0.02–5Hz, the acoustic absorption in dB/m varies approximately as the square of the propagation frequency plus a small constant term. A second-order differential equation is presented for an atmosphere modeled as a compressible Newtonian fluid with low shear viscosity, acted on by a small external damping force. It is shown that the solution to this equation represents pressure fluctuations with the attenuation indicated above. Increased dispersion is predicted at altitudes over 100km at infrasound frequencies. The governing propagation equation is separated into two partial differential equations that are first order in time for FDTD implementation. A numerical analysis of errors inherent to this FDTD method shows that the at...
Fiscal Foundations of Price Stability in Open Economies

A simple single-country model of price determination is displayed. The model captures the same basic ideas as other recent papers on the fiscal approach to analysis of determination of the price level but strips away some technical side issues by omitting money from the model. The model is then extended to deal with various versions of how a currency union--a single monetary authority interacting with multiple fiscal authorities--might operate. It connects this discussion to the debates over fiscal criteria for membership in the EMU. The main text of the paper works entirely with deterministic perfect-foresight continuous time models. An appendix discusses several examples of continuous time stochastic extensions of the models.
The measurement of stringency of pharmaceutical regulations across nations

The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of stringency of three pharmaceutical regulatory controls in nine developed countries. A mail survey was conducted among pharmaceutical executives to assess their attitudes toward the impact of regulatory items on the new drug development and introduction. These regulatory items were withdrawn from year-specific individual country regulatory profiles. A multi-attribute attitude model was then employed to construct the index during the study period. The results of this study can be useful in evaluating the regulatory impact on the pharmaceutical research and development productivity and rate of new drug introduction across the nations.
Distribution and formation of chlorides and phyllosilicates in Terra Sirenum, Mars

[1] The Terra Sirenum region of Mars, located in the Noachian southern highlands, is mineralogically diverse, providing unique insight into ancient aqueous processes. Analyses of remote sensing data over the region indicate the presence of both Fe- or Mg-rich phyllosilicates and a spectrally unique deposit interpreted to be rich in chloride salts. The stratigraphic relationships indicate that the phyllosilicates are part of the ancient highland crust and that the salts were deposited at a later time. In some instances, there is clear morphological evidence that salts were mobilized and deposited by near-surface waters.
Language and Methodology for Object-Oriented Database Environments

This paper describes an object-oriented database language being implemented at Brown for use on workstations, and demonstrates its use in defining an object-oriented programming environment. The database language is illustrated by specifications of the UNIX file system, Ada packages, program structure, and multiple views of program modules. Each example illustrates a different feature of object-oriented programming methodology. Collectively the examples serve both as an introduction to our database language and as a tutorial for object-oriented system programming.
Reduction of Abelian Varieties

In this paper we study the reduction of abelian varieties. In particular, we study the relationships between n-torsion points onXand the reduction of X, where X is an abelian variety over a field F with a discrete valuation, and n is an integer not divisible by the residue characteristic.
Prevalence and correlates of low medication adherence in apparent treatment resistant hypertension

Low medication adherence may explain part of the high prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH). The authors assessed medication adherence and aTRH among 4026 participants taking ≥ 3 classes of antihypertensive medication in the population-based Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) trial using the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Low adherence was defined as an MMAS score ≥ 2. Overall, 66% of participants taking ≥ 3 classes of antihypertensive medication had aTRH. Perfect adherence on the MMAS was reported by 67.8% and 70.9% of participants with and without aTRH, respectively. Low adherence was present among 8.1% of participants with aTRH and 5.0% of those without aTRH (P<.001). Among those with aTRH, female sex, residence outside the US stroke belt or stroke buckle, physical inactivity, elevated depressive symptoms, and a history of coronary heart disease were associated with low adherence. In the current study, a small percentage of participants with aTRH had low adherence.
Clinical spectrum and radiographic features of the syndrome of the trephined.

Object: Craniectomy is a common neurosurgical procedure. Syndrome of the trephined (ST) occurring after craniectomy results in neurologic symptoms that are reversible with cranioplasty. While well-documented, previous literature consisted of case reports, symptom spectrum and risk factors have not been well characterized. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 29 consecutive cases who underwent decompressive craniectomy within a 30-month period was performed. Patients were considered affected by ST if a previously stable neurological deficit improved within 3 weeks after cranioplasty. Prevalence of ST was measured and association with demographic information, clinical symptoms patterns, indication for and size of craniectomy, as well as radiological signs were tested. Results: Seven patients (24%) developed ST. Chronic rehabilitation arrest was more common than acute neurologic decline. Factors such as craniectomy size and patient age did not reach statistical significance in development of ST. Radiographic factors were predictive, with a sunken skin flap contour being most sensitive, while ventricular effacement was most specific. Conclusion: ST may have a higher incidence than previously thought, with a chronic rehabilitation arrest being a more common presentation than an acute decline. Medical providers involved in the post surgical care and rehabilitation of these patients should maintain a high index of suspicion for ST.
Heinrich von Kleists vorgeführtes Erzählen

This essay explores the various meanings and connotations of the term ‘vorfuhren’ in order to highlight a particular movement in Kleist's narrative technique (and one which, I argue, represents a ‘post-metaphysical’ stance in his œuvre). In Kleist's prose fiction in particular, this term encapsulates a multitude of complex tensions that arise when plot devices, individual figures, or the narrator (willingly or often unwillingly, knowingly or often unknowingly) tackle sets of metaphysical assumptions, seemingly consensual presuppositions, and presumed ideological certainties. Kleist's protagonists demonstrate a particular metaphysical system, act it out, exhibit it, but at the same time sport it, summon it, set it up, and expose it. The result invariably is that narrator, hero, and reader alike get caught in their own strategies and – though often unnoticed by both hero and narrator, and barely noticed by the reader – end up as the ones exposed, set up, fooled, undermined, and ‘vorgefuhrt’. This narrative performance (‘Vorfuhrung’) is demonstrated on the basis of a close reading of individual scenes, dialogues, monologues, figurations, descriptions, and narrative (auctorial) comments from a range of texts, including Das Erdbeben in Chili and Der Zweikampf. Der Beitrag schopft die Bedeutungsbreite des Wortes ‘vorfuhren’ aus, um eine charakteristische Bewegung in Kleists Erzahlen zu diskutieren (eine Technik, die, so meine These, sich konsequent in einer post-metaphysischen Haltung versucht). ‘Vorfuhren’ umfasst komplexe und spannungsreiche Bewegungen, die individuelle Figuren, den Erzahler und schlieslich den Leser (freiwillig oder unfreiwillig, bewusst oder unbewusst) mit ihren metaphysischen Annahmen, scheinbar konsensuellen Voraussetzungen und ideologischen Gewissheiten konfrontieren. Die Partizipanten in Kleists Erzahlungen spielen metaphysische Systeme durch und fuhren sie vor und in die Irre, stellen sie aus und blos. Erzahler, Leser und Figuren verfangen sich in ihren Deutungsstrategien und werden selbst (haufig kaum merklich) vorgefuhrt, blos und infrage gestellt. Diese narrative Performanz (‘Vorfuhrung’) wird anhand von individuellen Szenen, Dialogen, Monologen, Figurationen, Beschreibungen und Erzahlerkommentaren aus dem Erdbeben in Chili und dem Zweikampf als ironisches Phanomen diskutiert und der zeitgeschichtlichen Asthetik (insbesondere der romantischen Theorie) gegenubergestellt.
Estimation of ground reaction forces and ankle moment with multiple, low-cost sensors

Wearable sensor systems can provide data for at-home gait analyses and input to controllers for rehabilitation devices but they often have reduced estimation accuracy compared to laboratory systems. The goal of this study is to evaluate a portable, low-cost system for measuring ground reaction forces and ankle joint torques in treadmill walking and calf raises. To estimate the ground reaction forces and ankle joint torques, we developed a custom instrumented insole and a tissue force sensor. Six healthy subjects completed a collection of movements (calf raises, 1.0 m/s walking, and 1.5 m/s walking) on two separate days. We trained artificial neural networks on the study data and compared the estimates to a multi-camera motion system and an instrumented treadmill. We evaluated the relative strength of each sensor by testing each sensor’s ability to predict the ankle joint torque calculated from a reference inverse kinematics algorithm. We assessed model accuracy through root mean squared error and normalized root mean square error. We hypothesized that the estimation of the models would have normalized root mean square error measures less than 10 %. For walking at 1.0 and walking at 1.5 m/s, the single-task, intra-day and multi-task, intra-day predictions had normalized root mean square error less than 10 % for all three force components and both center of pressure components. For the calf raise task, the single-task, intra-day and multi-task, intra-day predictions had normalized root mean square error less than 10 % for only the anterior-posterior center of pressure. The multi-task, intra-day model had similar predictions to the single-task, intra-day model. The normalized root mean square error of predictions from the insole sensor alone were less than 10 % for walking at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s. No sensor was sufficient for the calf raise task. The combination of the insole sensor and the tendon sensor had lower normalized root mean square error than the individual sensors for all three tasks. The proposed sensor system provided accurate estimates for five of the six components of the ground reaction kinetics during walking at 1.0 and 1.5 m/s and one of the six components during the calf raise task. The normalized root mean square error of the predictions of the ground reaction forces were similar to published studies using commercial devices. The proposed system of low-cost sensors can provide useful estimations of ankle joint torque for both walking and calf raises for future studies in mobile gait analysis.
SUBSTRATE DEPENDENCE OF THE ACTION SPECTRUM FOR PHOTOENZYMATIC REPAIR OF DNA

— The absolute action spectrum has been determined for photoenzymatic splitting of cyclobutadipyrimidines (“pyrimidine dimers”) from natural DNA, and from the synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides poly(dA)·poly(dT) (forming only cyclobutadithymine) and poly(dG)·poly(dC) (forming only cyclobutadicytosine). These action spectra differ strikingly from each other, even when using the same enzyme preparations. On the other hand, the action spectrum for splitting cyclobutadithymine in natural DNA containing “dimers” of only this one type closely resembles the action spectrum for splitting the total mixture of “dimer” types in natural DNA, and is entirely different from the spectrum for splitting of the same photoproduct from poly(dA)·poly(dT). These results mean that the action spectrum is not simply the absorption spectrum of a chromophore carried by the photoreactivating enzyme, nor is it solely determined by the nature of the substrate photoproduct. It is at least partly determined by the over-all polynueleotide structure (viz. exact helical dimensions, pattern of neighboring bases to the “dimers,” or both), affecting a ground state interaction between the enzyme and substrate in the enzyme-substrate complex.
Taiwan's Romanized Script for Mandarin Chinese

Novan sistemon por reprezenti la cinan (mandarenan) lingvon per latinaj literoj anoncis la Ministerio pri Edukado de la Respubliko de Cinio (Tajvano) en majo 1984. La piano restos "provizora" dum unu jaro por permesi publikan diskutadon. La celo estas anstataui la de 1928 gis nun oficialan sed efektive neuzatan sistemon "Gwoyeu Romatzyh," kiu reprezentas diferencojn de tonalteco per malsamaj literumadoj (ekz., la unua silabo de "Gwoyeu Romatzyh" literumigas guo, gwo, guoo, au guoh, depende de la tonalteco). Tajvano ne partoprenis la lingvoreformojn de la aliaj cinaj provincoj, kaj tial ne uzas la kontinentan sistemon Hanyu Pinyin. En la lernejoj oni instruas la sonojn de la mandarena per pli malnova sed tre efika ne-latina alfabeto Mandarenaj Fonetikaj Simboloj (MFS). La nova latiniga sistemo, ne anstatauos MFSon, sed estas uzota en internaciaj sferoj kiam ajn latina sistemo estas deviga au konvena. La provizora skemo pli malpli isomorfos kun la MFS, kaj fakte havas ec la nomon MFS 2. Oni esperas, ke tiu isomorfeco faciligos lernadon de la nova sistemo flanke de cinoj kiuj jam konas MFSon (kiu nun nomigos MFS 1) kaj de la ne-latina MFS 1 flanke de eksterlandaj studentoj. La artikolo pritraktas kelkajn diferencojn inter MFS 2 kaj la sistemo Hanyu Pinyin vaste uzata ekster Tajvano, sed ne enhavas plenan priskribon, car la skemo restas provizora. La Ministerio ne anoncis planojn por propagandi au ec mem uzi la sistemon post tiam, kiam gi atingos sian definitivan formon.
The Role of Community, State, Territorial, and Tribal Public Health in Obesity Prevention

This article explores how governmental public health authorities can contribute to public health efforts to address obesity by monitoring the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors, investigating the contributing factors, informing the public, and working with the citizens in their jurisdiction to develop solutions that fit the needs and sensibilities of the people.