cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma Masquerading as Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary neoplasms is rare. Such metastatic neoplasms can mimic inflammatory breast carcinoma clinically and histologically, presenting a diagnostic challenge. A 50-year-old woman with a history of esophageal adenocarcinoma in clinical remission presented with rapid onset unilateral breast swelling with warmth and erythema. Based upon the clinical presentation, an underlying breast carcinoma was suspected. A punch biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with extensive involvement of the dermal lymphatics. The clinical and histologic differential diagnosis included inflammatory carcinoma secondary to a primary breast carcinoma vs. metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma to the skin of the breast. To resolve this question, immunohistochemical stains for estrogen and progesterone receptors and CDX-2 were performed. CDX-2 is an intestinal homeobox gene that is expressed in intestinal epithelium and tumors with intestinal differentiation including esophageal adenocarcinoma. CDX-2 expression has not been reported in breast carcinoma. The tumor cells were positive for CDX-2 but negative for both steroid receptors. The diagnosis of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma to the skin of the breast was confirmed. This case emphasizes the importance of confirming the tumor lineage in inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. CDX-2 can be a useful tool in establishing a gastrointestinal origin of cutaneous metastases.
Neural correlates of face and object recognition in young children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development

This study utilized electroencephalographic recordings to examine whether young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impaired face recognition ability. High-density brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to photos of the child's mother's face versus an unfamiliar female face and photos of a favorite versus an unfamiliar toy from children with ASD, children with typical development, and children with developmental delay, all 3 to 4 years of age (N = 118). Typically developing children showed ERP amplitude differences in two components, P400 and Nc, to a familiar versus an unfamiliar face, and to a familiar versus an unfamiliar object. In contrast, children with ASD failed to show differences in ERPs to a familiar versus an unfamiliar face, but they did show P400 and Nc amplitude differences to a familiar versus an unfamiliar object. Developmentally delayed children showed significant ERP amplitude differences for the positive slow wave for both faces and objects. These data suggest that autism is associated with face recognition impairment that is manifest early in life.
Nonlinear anisotropic viscoelastic properties of canine arterial segments

Abstract The nonlinear viscoelasticity of canine aortas is studied, treating the arterial tissue as incompressible and orthotropic and the aortic segment as thick-walled. The circumferential and longitudinal stresses are expressed in terms of integrals involving four or ten relaxation functions and histories of circumferential and longitudinal strains. These kernel functions are evaluated by performing experiments on aortic segments wherein simultaneous steps in circumferential and longitudinal strains are imposed and the relaxation curves for pressure and force are measured. It is shown that the theory based on four relaxation functions describes the aortic behavior well enough for most applications; the theory based on ten relaxation functions should be adequate for most critical applications.
Progressive streaming of textured 3D models over bandwidth-limited channels

The bitstream of a progressively encoded textured model consists of multiple refinement layers. Decoding each layer produces a model with a simplified mesh and a resolution-reduced texture. We have proposed a quality measure that captures the visual fidelity of the multi-resolution textured models (Tian, D.H. and AlRegib, G., Proc. ACM Multimedia 2004, p.684-91, 2004). Based on that quality measure, we consider the problem of streaming progressively encoded textured models over a bandwidth-limited channel. We develop a bit-allocation algorithm that optimally packetizes the source bits in every transmitted data unit, such that the perceptual quality of the model displayed on the client's screen is maximized. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed bit-allocation algorithm.
Evidence for homology between ovine and human placental lactogens.

The biological and immunological properties of highly purified ovine placental lactogen (oPL) and human placental lactogen (hPL) have been compared. Like hPL and ovine prolactin (oPR). oPL stimulates lactation in vivo and in vitro and binds to prolactin receptors from mammary tissue. Like hPL and ovine growth hormone (oGH), oPL binds to growth hormone receptors from liver. OPL of equivalent activity to hPL in the prolactin receptor assay is approximately 20 times more active than hPL (but 5 times less active than oGH) in the growth hormone receptor assay. Immunologically, oPL cross-reacts with oGH but not with hPL. The striking homologies between oPL, and hPL indicate that sheep is an excellent animal model in which to study placental lactogen physiology.
Simplified Low‐Copy‐Number DNA Analysis by Post‐PCR Purification

Frequently, evidentiary items contain an insufficient quantity of DNA to obtain complete or even partial DNA profiles using standard forensic gentotyping techniques. Such low-copy-number (LCN) samples are usually subjected to increased amplification cylces to obtain genetic data. In this study, a 28-cycle polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate various methods of post-PCR purification for their effects on the sensitivity of fluorophore-based allelic detection subsequent to capillary electrophoretic separation. The amplified product was purified using filtration, silica gel membrane, and enzyme mediated hydrolysis purification techniques and evaluated for their effect on fluorescent allelic signal intensity. A purification method was selected and its effect on fluorescent allelic signal intensity was compared with that of the unpurified PCR product. A method of post-PCR purification is described which increases the sensitivity of standard 28-cycle PCR such that profiles from LCN DNA templates (<100 pg DNA) can be obtained. Full DNA profiles were consistently obtained with as little as 20 pg template DNA without increased cycle number. In mock case type samples with dermal ridge fingerprints, genetic profiles were obtained by amplification with 28 cycles followed by post-PCR purification whereas no profiles were obtained without purification of the PCR product. Allele dropout, increased stutter, and sporadic contamination typical of LCN analysis were observed; however, no contamination was observed in negative amplification controls. Post-PCR purification of the PCR product can increase the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis to such an extent that DNA profiles can be obtained from <100 pg of DNA using 28-cycle amplification.
Molecular mechanism of desensitization of the chemokine receptor CCR‐5: receptor signaling and internalization are dissociable from its role as an HIV‐1 co‐receptor

The chemokine receptor, CCR-5, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which mediates chemotactic responses of certain leukocytes, has been shown to serve as the primary co-receptor for macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here we describe functional coupling of CCR-5 to inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) protein mechanism in transfected HEK 293 cells. In response to chemokines, CCR-5 was desensitized, phosphorylated and sequestered like a prototypic GPCR only following overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and beta-arrestins in HEK 293 cells. The lack of CCR-5 desensitization in HEK 293 cells in the absence of GRK overexpression suggests that differences in cellular complements of GRK and/or beta-arrestin proteins could represent an important mechanism determining cellular responsiveness. When tested, the activity of CCR-5 as an HIV-1 co-receptor was dependent neither upon its ability to signal nor its ability to be desensitized and internalized following agonist stimulation. Thus, while chemokine-promoted cellular signaling, phosphorylation and internalization of CCR-5 may play an important role in regulation of chemotactic responses in leukocytes, these functions are dissociable from its HIV-1 co-receptor function.
Estimates of N2-fixation from variation in the natural abundance of 15N in Sonoran desert ecosystems.

The 15N abundance of tissues of five Prosopis specimens at our primary study site (a Prosopis woodland at Harper's Well in the Sonoran desert of Southern California) was determined over two growing seasons 1980 and 1981. The 15N abundance of soil and of tissues of presumed non-N2-fixing (control) plants was also measured. Prosopis tissues were significantly lower in 15N than either soil N or corresponding tissues of presumed non-N2-fixing plants which derive their N entirely from soil. Soil N was also significantly higher in 15N than atmospheric N2. We conclude that it is feasible to use variations in the natural abundance of 15N as an index of N2-fixation in this kind of ecosystem, and that N2-fixation is of considerable importance to Prosopis growing at this site.We also determined the 15N abundance of leaf tissue of presumed N2-fixing and control plants growing at the same site at six additional sites (five in the Sonoran desert of southern California and one in Baja California, Mexico near the town of Catavina). Four of these additional sites were dominated by Prosopis and two were mixed communities. There were statistically significant differences between the 15N abundances of the pooled legume population and control plants at all sites, although not every legume specimen exhibited this difference. From 15N abundance data we estimated the fractional contribution of biologically fixed N to the N economy of desert legumes. We concluded that N2-fixation is very important to Prosopis at six of seven sites in the Sonoran Desert. At the site where Prosopis did not appear to be fixing N2, N2-fixation was important only for legumes of the sub-family Papilionoideae, Lupinus, Dalea, Astragalus and Lotus.
Notes on Perfectness and Total Disconnectedness

(1968). Notes on Perfectness and Total Disconnectedness. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 602-606.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves radiation-induced fibrosis through Tgf-Β1/MyoD homeostasis in head and neck cancer.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze TGF-β1 and MyoD expression in cervical muscles during radiation therapy (RT) and their role in inducing muscle fibrosis in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. We also studied the effect of combined traditional swallow therapy (TST) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy on TGF-β1/MyoD homeostasis in patients undergoing post-operative RT for HNC. Study Design Case–control study. Methods Thirty patients, 10 with benign thyroid lesions and non-radiated muscle (control), and 20 with advanced-stage HNC receiving primary resection and post-operative radiation (study group) were enrolled. Patients in the study group were randomly assigned to receive post-operative RT alone (Group I) or post-operative RT with TST/NMES therapy (Group II). Intraoperative biopsies were obtained in all 30 patients. In the study groups, biopsies were repeated 4 weeks after completion of RT. TGF-β1 and MyoD expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Results The control group demonstrated low expression of TGF-β1 and high expression of MyoD. Following RT, patients in study Group I had high expression of TGF-β1 and low levels of MyoD. Group II patients demonstrated TGF-β1 levels more consistent with that of non-irradiated tissue. Conclusion The molecular pathogenesis of RT-induced muscle fibrosis involves the TGF-β1 pathway and its repression of MyoD expression. Our results suggest a correlation between TST/NMES combined therapy and the restoration of TGF-β1/MyoD homeostasis in cervical muscles. TST/NMES is a plausible prophylaxis and/or treatment for RT-induced muscle fibrosis and dysphagia. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Type of Height-adjustable Supporting Roller for Tubes and Tubular Tools

A type of height-adjustable supporting roller for tubes and tubular tools is introduced.Functional performance,manufacture efficiency and maintenance convenience are considered carefully in the design of this supporting roller.
Dual band wireless power and bi-directional data link for implanted devices in 65 nm CMOS

Implantable neural recording and stimulation devices hold great promise in monitoring and treatment of neurological disorders, limb reanimation and, development of brain-computer interfaces among other applications. However, transcutaneous wires limit the lifetime of such devices and there is a need for self-contained fully implantable solutions. In this work, we propose a novel dual-frequency approach for simultaneous wireless power transfer and low-power communication for small form factor fully implantable neural devices. We deliver wireless power using efficient magnetically coupled resonators operating at 13.56MHz and communicate using ultra-low power backscatter communication at 915 MHz. We leverage the frequency separation to combine wireless power and communication resonators with minimal interference using a novel concentric design, which meets the stringent size restrictions. We implement the wireless power receiver and communication front end of the implanted device in 65 nm CMOS and demonstrate 25 mW power delivery and 6 Mbps communication link.
Interfacial Strength of Thin Film Measurement by Laser-Spallation

Improving adhesion properties and strength of thin films used in wide range of important application is the key factor in successfully manufacturing micro-electro-mechanical devices, multilayer micro-electronic and optical devices. Mechanical performance and reliably of thin film on a substrate depends on strength of interfacial adhesion. Understanding the role of process parameters like deposition condition and design parameters such as substrate thickness and film thickness, on mechanical performance of the layer is essential in optimizing manufacturing. However, there are limited techniques for characterizing intrinsic interfacial strength of thin films. The use of laser-generated stress pulses has shown the ability to provide quantitative evaluation of the adhesion strength of thin films. In the current work, we use the laser-spallation approach for the investigation of the adhesion strength of thin tin oxide films to alumina substrates.
An abnormal ocular motor manifestation of Joubert syndrome

Joubert syndrome is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting the midbrain and hindbrain. It is characterized by ataxia, hypotonia, and developmental delay as well as apnea or abnormal ocular motor function. We describe and present a video of a child with Joubert syndrome with an alternating skew deviation in primary position rather than on lateral gaze, which is a more characteristic phenotype of this condition.
Ubiquitin Modification by the E3 Ligase/ADP-Ribosyltransferase Dtx3L/Parp9

ADP-ribosylation of proteins is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism. Depending on the family member, ADP-ribosyltransferases either conjugate a single ADP-ribose to a target or generate ADP-ribose chains. Here we characterize Parp9, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase reported to be enzymatically inactive. Parp9 undergoes heterodimerization with Dtx3L, a histone E3 ligase involved in DNA damage repair. We show that the Dtx3L/Parp9 heterodimer mediates NAD+-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin, exclusively in the context of ubiquitin processing by E1 and E2 enzymes. Dtx3L/Parp9 ADP-ribosylates the carboxyl group of Ub Gly76. Because Gly76 is normally used for Ub conjugation to substrates, ADP-ribosylation of the Ub carboxyl terminus precludes ubiquitylation. Parp9 ADP-ribosylation activity therefore restrains the E3 function of Dtx3L. Mutation of the NAD+ binding site in Parp9 increases the DNA repair activity of the heterodimer. Moreover, poly(ADP-ribose) binding to the Parp9 macrodomains increases E3 activity. Dtx3L heterodimerization with Parp9 enables NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose) regulation of E3 activity.
Word-final velar place assimilation in English

In English, word-final alveolar consonants assimilate in place. Additionally, there is recent evidence that assimilation can occur in word-final nasals at all places of articulation (Coleman et al. 2016). Some anecdotal evidence exists that word-final velars can assimilate (Barry 1985), but this has not been substantiated. This study uses the Santa Barbara Corpus of American English (DuBois et al. 2000, 2005) to examine word-final velar consonant variation, which was measured by the F2 transitions in the preceding vowel. Given the present data, word-final velars do not seem to undergo categorical assimilation or gradient coarticulation processes.
Racial Disparities in Cleanliness Attitudes Mediate Purchasing Attitudes Toward Cleaning Products: a Serial Mediation Model.

The present study has three objectives (1) to examine whether there are differences in cleanliness concerns between African Americans and European Americans toward kitchen items that are known to be vectors of disease, (2) to examine whether disparities in cleanliness attitudes have an impact on purchasing attitudes toward kitchen cleaning products, and (3) to explore the mechanisms that may account for these differences utilizing a serial mediation model. Five hundred participants, 50% African American and 50% European American were shown a picture of a sponge cleaning product and filled out multiple survey instruments relating to cleanliness attitudes. We found greater concern with cleanliness of kitchen items (d = .46) and a greater willingness to purchase cleaning products among African Americans compared to European Americans (17 vs 10%). A serial mediation analysis revealed that general cleanliness concerns account for the increased willingness to spend money on cleaning products among African Americans. These results suggest that African Americans are more sensitive to issues of cleanliness compared to European Americans and, in particular, are more sensitive to cleanliness of kitchen items such as sponges, which can be vectors of food-borne pathogens. Potential reasons for the observed racial disparities in cleanliness attitudes and the implications of these results for public health are discussed.
Inter-Industry Relatedness, Absorptive Capacity and Firm Productivity in a Transitioning Chinese Economy

This paper investigates the relationship between industry relatedness and firm productivity and the role of firms’ absorptive capacity in moderating that relationship. The results reveal a positive relationship between industry relatedness and firm productivity and that the relationship is driven by Marshallian-based sources – better access to goods, people and ideas. In general, the effects of technological related spillovers are mediated positively by the firms’ absorptive capacity. I further develop an identification strategy to study the impact of technological related spillovers on firm productivity and the importance of absorptive capacity during China’s gradual and spatially uneven economic transitioning process. The results reveal that the effects of relatedness (and each Marshallian source) on firm productivity are larger in areas following more intensive market-oriented economic reforms, especially for firms with comparatively higher absorptive capacity.
Psychosocial Correlates of Physical and Health Disabilities

The existence of physical and health disabilities has been recognized and has evoked reaction throughout time and across cultures (Best, Bigge, & Sirvis, 1990; Turnbull & Turnbull, 1996). Reactions to disability have ranged from extermination and abandonment to education and care (Best, 1978; 1995) and have varied with environmental circumstances, individual and group beliefs, economic conditions, religion, law, and the advancement of medical and technical knowledge.
Mating dances and the evolution of language: What’s the next step?

The Darwinian protolanguage hypothesis is one of the most popular theories of the evolution of human language. According to this hypothesis, language evolved through a three stage process involving general increases in intelligence, the emergence of grammatical structure as a result of sexual selection on protomusical songs, and finally the attachment of meaning to the components of those songs. The strongest evidence for the second stage of this process has been considered to be birdsong, and as a result researchers have investigated the existence of various forms of grammar in the production and comprehension of songs by birds. Here, we argue that mating dances are another relevant source of sexually-selected complexity that has until now been largely overlooked by proponents of Darwinian protolanguage, focusing especially on the dances of long-tailed manakins. We end by sketching several lines of research that should be pursued to determine the relevance of mating dances to the evolution of language.
Minimally invasive versus conventional spine surgery for vertebral metastases: a systematic review of the evidence

One of the major determinants of surgical candidacy in patients with symptomatic spinal metastases is the ability of the patient to tolerate the procedure-associated morbidity. In other pathologies, minimally invasive (MIS) procedures have been suggested to have lower intra-operative morbidity while providing similar outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed library searching for articles that directly compared the operative and post-operative outcomes of patients treated for symptomatic spinal metastases. Inclusion criteria were articles reporting two or more cases of patients >18 years old treated with MIS or open approaches for spinal metastases. Studies reporting results in spinal metastases patients that could not be disentangled from other pathologies were excluded. Our search returned 1,568 articles, of which 9 articles met the criteria for inclusion. All articles were level III evidence. Patients treated with MIS approaches tended to have lower intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative times, shorter inpatient stays, and fewer complications relative to patients undergoing surgeries with conventional approaches. Patients in the MIS and open groups had similar pain improvement, neurological improvement, and functional outcomes. Recent advances in MIS techniques may reduce surgical morbidity while providing similar symptomatic improvement in patients treated for spinal metastases. As a result, MIS techniques may expand the pool of patients with spinal metastases who are candidates for operative management.
Locally enhanced reduced order modeling for the nonlinear geometric response of structures with defects

Abstract This paper focuses on the reduced order modeling (ROM) of structures with local defects undergoing large deformations, i.e., within the nonlinear geometric range. At the contrary of prior investigations, it is desired here to construct such ROMs by enhancing the nonlinear reduced order model of the corresponding virgin structure, i.e., the one without the defect, not by carrying out a separate modeling effort. To this end, the first objective is on the formulation of local enrichments of the displacements basis functions that complement those of the virgin structure to accurately capture not only the displacements but also the stresses of the structure with defect. It is proposed that such enrichment functions can be constructed from the linear static analysis of the zone affected by the defect subjected to an imposed far field displacement derived from the virgin structure basis functions. The second objective of this investigation is on assessing which parameters of the reduced order model would need to be updated if the defect, and thus the enrichments, were to change. Validation results on the finite element model of a beam-like panel with a notch do confirm the appropriateness of the basis enrichments and, moreover, suggest that only the linear stiffness and stress coefficients relating to the enrichments would need to be updated if the defect changes, which represents a significant computational benefit. The implementation of the above process with a localized numerical model of the defect, e.g., using generalized finite element (GFEM), is briefly discussed.
Report on the National Eye Institute’s Audacious Goals Initiative: Creating a Cellular Environment for Neuroregeneration

The cellular environment of the CNS is non-permissive for growth and regeneration. In the retina, transplantation of stem cells has been limited by inefficient survival and integration into existing circuits. In November 2016, as part of the National Eye Institute's Audacious Goals Initiative (AGI), a diverse collection of investigators gathered for a workshop devoted to articulating the gaps in knowledge, barriers to progress, and ideas for new approaches to understanding cellular environments within the retina and how these environments may be manipulated. In doing so, the group identified the areas of (1) retinal and optic nerve glia, (2) microglia and inflammation, and the (3) extracellular matrix (ECM) and retinal vasculature as key to advancing our understanding and manipulation of the retinal microenvironments. We summarize here the findings of the workshop for the broader scientific community.
High Seebeck Coefficient Electrochemical Thermocells for Efficient Waste Heat Recovery

An electrochemical thermocell realizes thermal to electric energy conversion when two electrodes operate the same reversible reaction but at different temperatures. Its Seebeck coefficient is determined by the entropy change of the redox reaction. Here we report a thermocell containing acetone and iso-propanol as the redox couple, which can achieve the highest reported Seebeck coefficient of −9.9 mV K–1 when the hot side is above the boiling point of acetone. Vaporization entropy of acetone increases the total entropy change in the conversion of iso-propanol to acetone. In addition, a concentration gradient of acetone caused by evaporation and condensation increases the cell voltage significantly. Stable performance of the thermocell is enabled by a Pt–Sn catalyst operating in a neutral pH electrolyte solution. The possibility of utilizing a liquid–gas phase change to increase the Seebeck coefficient of thermocells opens a new venue for exploration.
Common Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Based Spatiotemporal Emulator for Design Exploration

The present study develops a data-driven framework trained with high-fidelity simulation results to facilitate decision making for combustor designs. Its core is a surrogate model employing a machi...
Anatomy of the Testes

The testes are oblong solid structures located in the scrotum. Each testis is an independent unit, performing two closely interrelated functions, androgen production and spermatogenesis. The testes measure 3.5 to 5 cm in their longest diameter. The embryology of testicular development is discussed in Chapter 42.
Nonlinear estimation: disjunctive and lognormal kriging

Linear estimation through ordinary kriging provides local averages of a regionalized variable, and calculated estimation variance gives some idea of the expected precision of the estimates. However, some applications may call for knowledge of local spatial distributions. Placing confidence intervals around local estimates; stating the probability that a regionalized variable lies below, between, or above some values; computing mean values of a variable above a cutoff; drawing a map of estimated local medians rather than estimated local averages; and handling extreme values in markedly nonnormal data all require consideration of local distribution.
History of Chemical Engineering at the University of Rochester

Just over a hundred years ago in 1881 George E. Davis in England first tried to found a Society of Chemical Engineers [1], a term that he was believed to have newly coined. Just a few years later in 1888 MIT started Course X, the first program designated as chemical engineering in the United States. Several other American schools quickly followed their lead [2]. The pace of expansion continued to quicken so that by the end of 1920 the AIChE identified as many as 78 programs in chemical engineering [3]. The University of Rochester first authorized a chemical engineering curriculum in 1915.
Digital Wood: 3D Internal Color Texture Mapping

Abstract Multicolor three-dimensional (3D) printing is typically used for external color textures wrapped around a monomaterial core. Here, we present a digital manufacturing workflow comprising de...
Colleagues for Life? Post-Employment Citizenship among Big 4 Alumni

SYNOPSIS Using a sample of 2,533 Big 4 alumni, we examine factors associated with alumni's proclivity to benefit their former firm (post-employment citizenship). Based on social exchange theory, we...
Integrin crosstalk allows CD4+ T lymphocytes to continue migrating in the upstream direction after flow

In order to perform critical immune functions at sites of inflammation, circulatory T lymphocytes must be able to arrest, adhere, migrate and transmigrate on the endothelial surface. This progression of steps is coordinated by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), chemokines, and selectins presented on the endothelium. Two important interactions are between Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and also between Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Recent studies have shown that T lymphocytes and other cell types can migrate upstream (against the direction) of flow through the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1. Since upstream migration of T cells depends on a specific adhesive pathway, we hypothesized that mechanotransduction is critical to migration, and that signals might allow T-cells to remember their direction of migration after the flow is terminated. Cells on ICAM-1 surfaces migrate against the shear flow, but the upstream migration reverts to random migration after the flow is stopped. Cells on VCAM-1 migrate with the direction of flow. However, on surfaces that combine ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, cells crawl upstream at a shear rate of 800 s-1 and continue migrating in the upstream direction for at least 30 minutes after the flow is terminated-we call this 'migrational memory'. Post-flow upstream migration on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces is reversed upon the inhibition of PI3K, but conserved with cdc42 and Arp2/3 inhibitors. Using an antibody against VLA-4, we can block migrational memory on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces. Using a soluble ligand for VLA-4 (sVCAM-1), we can promote migrational memory on ICAM-1 surfaces. These results indicate that, while upstream migration under flow requires LFA-1 binding to immobilized ICAM-1, signaling from VLA-4 and PI3K activity is required for the migrational memory of CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that crosstalk between integrins potentiates the signal of upstream migration.
Germination Syndromes and Their Relevance to Rangeland Seeding Strategies in the Intermountain Western United States

Abstract Rangelands in the western United States exhibit extremely high temporal variability in seedbed microclimate, and this variability contributes to poor establishment of revegetation species that are typically planted in the fall. We conducted long-term simulations of cumulative germination as a function of planting date and identified alternative germination syndromes based on population-level responses to environmental variability. These germination syndromes reveal ecologically significant differences but also noteworthy similarities in species and seed lot response that can inform rangeland restoration planning and management. Seed germination may occur much sooner than assumed under the traditional paradigm of fall-planting/spring-emergence in the intermountain western United States, and seed germination per se does not appear to be a bottleneck for successful establishment in most years. Instead, simulations of germination response support recent hypotheses that postgermination/preemergent mortality may be the larger contributor to poor seedling establishment. Our data support two general strategies to improve the likelihood of seedling survival into the spring: seeding as late as possible in the fall and active diversification of germination syndromes within a given seed mix. Consistent application of these strategies could increase the probability that some seeds are always available to take advantage of any pulse of seedbed favorability in the late fall, winter, or early spring.
Differential effects of testosterone on circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in men: Findings from two trials.

BACKGROUND Testosterone treatment increases erythrocytes in men, but its effects on leukocyte and platelet counts are unknown and could affect its safety. OBJECTIVE To determine whether testosterone affects circulating leukocytes and platelets in men. METHODS Secondary analyses of two randomized testosterone trials were performed: the 5α-reductase (5aR) and OPTIMEN trials. In 5aR trial, 102 healthy men, 21-50 years (mean age 38), received a long-acting GnRH agonist, and 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg/week testosterone enanthate (TE) plus placebo or 2.5 mg/ day dutasteride for 20 weeks. In OPTIMEN, 78 functionally limited men, ≥65 years (mean age 72) with protein intake ≤ 0.83 g kg-1 day-1 , were randomized to controlled diets with 0.8 g kg-1 day-1 protein or 1.3 g kg-1 day-1 protein plus placebo or TE (100 mg/week) for 6 months. Changes from baseline in total and differential leukocyte count, and platelet count were evaluated. RESULTS In 5aR, testosterone administration was associated with increases in total leukocyte (estimated change from baseline 40, 490, 1230, and 1280 cells/µL, P < .001), neutrophil (65.1, 436.1, 1177.2, and 1192.2 cells/µL, P < .001), monocyte (-20.2, 24.5, 90.6, and 143.9 cells/µL, P < .001), platelet (-7.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.9 × 103 cells/µL, P = .033), and erythrocyte counts. Testosterone did not affect absolute lymphocyte count. Similar increase in total leukocyte count was observed with testosterone treatment in OPTIMEN (change 0.77 × 103 cells/µL, P vs placebo = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Testosterone administration in men differentially increases neutrophil and monocyte counts. These findings, together with its erythropoietic effects, suggest that testosterone promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into the myeloid lineage. These findings have potential mechanistic, therapeutic, and safety implications.
Copper(II)-catalyzed protoboration of allenes in aqueous media and open air

A method has been developed for the facile Cu(II)-catalyzed protoboration of monosubstituted allenes in aqueous media under atmospheric conditions. The reaction occurs site selectively, favoring internal alkene protoboration to afford 1,1-disubstituted vinylboronic acid derivatives (up to 93 : 7) with modest to good yields. The method has been applied to a variety of phenylallene derivatives as well as alkyl-substituted allenes.
A historical review of publication bias.

Publication bias is a well-known threat to the validity of meta-analyses and, more broadly, the reproducibility of scientific findings. When policies and recommendations are predicated on an incomplete evidence base, it undermines the goals of evidence-based decision-making. Great strides have been made in the last 50 years to understand and address this problem, including calls for mandatory trial registration and the development of statistical methods to detect and correct for publication bias. We offer an historical account of seminal contributions by the evidence synthesis community, with an emphasis on the parallel development of graph-based and selection model approaches. We also draw attention to current innovations and opportunities for future methodological work.
New compound fractional sliding mode control and super-twisting control of a MEMS gyroscope.

In this research we propose a new compound Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) and SuperTwisting Controller (FOSMC+STC) to control of a MEMS gyroscope. A new sliding mode surface has been defined to design the proposed new sliding mode controller. The main advantages of a FOSMC is its high tracking performance and robustness against external perturbation, but it is susceptible to chattering. By augmenting a STC with a FOSMC, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated, singularity problem is solved and systems robustness has significatnetly improved. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Understanding, Assessing, and Maximizing Image Quality

Medical technology is increasingly scrutinized as to its utility. In particular, there is increasing demand that demonstrable beneficial effects on patient outcomes be used to justify further investments in technology. This holds true whether you are a scientist competing for research funding who must show the potential significance of his or her work for human health or a clinician who must base diagnostic decisions on “evidence-based” practices. In light of this trend and the emphasis exerted by the FDA and insurance payers, among others, it is surprising that precious few of the imaging techniques in common use, including MRI, have been subject to, let alone have passed muster in, rigorous trials of their utility. Perhaps it is the gee-whiz technology sweeping us off of our feet: the introduction and adoption of new techniques may be regulated much more by market forces than by medical evidence.
Remdesivir Use in the Setting of Severe Renal Impairment: A Theoretical Concern or Real Risk?

INTRODUCTION: Remdesivir (RDV) is FDA approved for COVID-19, but not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (SRI, i.e. creatinine clearance < 30ml/min). Few studies have evaluated RDV in patients with SRI due to theoretical toxicity concerns. METHODS: Hospitalized patients receiving RDV for COVID-19 between 5/1/2020-10/31/2020 were analyzed in a retrospective chart review. We compared incident adverse events (AEs) following RDV in patients with and without SRI, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, any reported AE, mortality and length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients received RDV, 20 patients had SRI. Patients with SRI were significantly older (70 vs. 54 years, p=0.0001). The incidence of possible AEs following RDV was 20% among those with SRI versus 11% without (p=0.26). LFT elevations occurred in 10% vs. 4% (p=0.28), and SCr elevations occurred in 20% vs. 6% (p=0.06) of patients with SRI versus those without, respectively. The LFT and SCr elevations were not attributed to RDV in either group. Mortality and length of stay were comparable and consistent with historical controls. CONCLUSION: RDV AEs occurred infrequently with low severity and were not significantly different between those with and without SRI. While a higher percentage of patients with SRI experienced SCr elevations, 3 (75%) patients were in AKI prior to RDV. Overall, the use of RDV in this small series of patients with SRI appeared to be relatively safe, and the potential benefit outweighed the theoretical risk of liver or renal toxicity; however, additional studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Levels and Instability of Daily Self-Esteem in Adolescents: Relations to Depressive and Anxious Symptoms

The current study examined whether individual differences in depressive and anxious symptoms relate to level of daily self-esteem and instability of daily self-esteem in adolescence. Participants were a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (79 girls, 65 boys; M age = 13.53 years). Adolescents reported on their depressive and anxious symptoms during a baseline home visit. Then, adolescents reported on their daily self-esteem over the course of 12 consecutive days. Using hierarchical linear modeling analyses, level of daily self-esteem was negatively associated with depressive but not anxious symptoms. In addition, a positive relation emerged between instability of daily self-esteem and depressive symptoms when controlling for level of self-esteem; a similar relation did not emerge for anxious symptoms. The differential findings that emerged between both level and instability of daily self-esteem and depressive versus anxious symptoms may be linked to differences in the temporal orientation of these two types of internalizing symptoms; specifically, depressive symptoms result from backward-looking rumination over previous experiences, whereas anxious symptoms emerge from forward-looking worry about future events (Wenze et al., 2012).
The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Education

Abstract Background At the onset of social distancing, our general surgery residency transitioned its educational curriculum to an entirely virtual format with no gaps in conference offerings. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of our evolution to a virtual format and report program attitudes toward the changes. Methods On March 15, 2020, due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) our institution restricted mass gatherings. We immediately transitioned all lectures to a virtual platform. The cancellation of elective surgeries in April 2020 then created the need for augmented resident education opportunities. We responded by creating additional lectures and implementing a daily conference itinerary. To evaluate the success of the changes and inform the development of future curriculum, we surveyed residents and faculty regarding the changes. Classes and faculty answers were compared for perception of value of the online format. Results Pre-COVID-19, residency-wide educational offerings were concentrated to one half-day per week. Once restrictions were in place, our educational opportunities were expanded to a daily schedule and averaged 16.5 hours/week during April. Overall, 41/63 residents and 25/94 faculty completed the survey. The majority of residents reported an increased ability (56%) or similar ability (34.1%) to attend virtual conferences while 9.9% indicated a decrease. Faculty responses indicated similar effects (64% increased, 32% similar, 4% decreased). PGY-1 residents rated the changes negatively compared to other trainees and faculty. PGY-2 residents reported neutral views and all other trainees and faculty believed the changes positively affected educational value. Comments from PGY1 and 2 residents revealed they could not focus on virtual conferences as it was not “protected time” in a classroom and that they felt responsible for patient care during virtual lectures. A majority of both residents (61%) and faculty (84%) reported they would prefer to continue virtual conferences in the future. Conclusions The necessity for adapting our academic offerings during the COVID-19 era has afforded our program the opportunity to recognize the feasibility of virtual platforms and expand our educational offerings. The majority of participants report stable to improved attendance and educational value. Virtual lectures should still be considered protected time in order to maximize the experience for junior residents.
A Multiple-room, Continuous Beam Delivery, Hadron-therapy Installation

Abstract A proton-therapy hospital installation, based on multiple beam extraction systems from a fixed-field synchrotron, is presented and commented. Potential interest as hospital operation efficiency, as well as estimates of the impact of continuous, multiple-port extraction, on the cost of a session, are discussed.
On the nature of development

Development is a core concept of the systems view of the world. In contrast to the mechanistic and organismic views which are concerned with efficiency and growth, respectively, the systems view is basically concerned with development. A critical review of the major traditional views of development suggests that they are generally characterized by problems of: (1) ethnocentrism, (2) unidimensionality, and, on the whole, (3) a deterministic perspective. Misconceptions about the nature of development and the properties usually identified with it call for at least a clarification of the systems view of development and its relationship to other views. A typology of the major theoretical traditions is developed based on their underlying assumptions (explicit or implicit) with regard to the singularity or plurality attributed to function, structure and process. Finally, the telosystemic concept of development is discussed.
Alkalinity destruction by sediment organic matter dissolution during neutralization of acidified lakes

In this study we report on the effect of sediment, from an acidified lake, on the neutralization of the acidified water column. The results of this experimental study show that organic acids (presumably humic or fulvic acids) can dissolve from the sediment and destroy alkalinity as measured by a Gran plot analysis. Alkalinity destruction by organic acid dissolution was shown to be a function of pH. Some Na ion exchange for sediment H+ was also observed. This ion exchange was shown to be a function of pH and Na concentration.
Dimensionen der Markenpersönlichkeit

Die Konsumentenforschung widmete sich bisher dem Aufbau der Markenpersonlichkeit vor allem unter Bezugnahme auf die mit der Marke assoziierten menschlichen Eigenschaften. Der Fokus lag auf der Analyse, in welchem Ausmas eine Marke es Verbrauchern erlaubt, ihr eigenes Ich (vgl. Belk, 1988), ihr ideales Ich (vgl. Malhotra, 1988) oder spezifische Dimensionen ihres Ich (vgl. Kleine et al., 1993) durch die Benutzung einer Marke auszudrucken. Praktiker erachten dieses Konzept als den zentralen Weg, eine Marke innerhalb einer Produktkategorie zu differenzieren (vgl. Halliday, 1996), als einen wesentlichen Faktor fur die Bildung von Markenpraferenzen und die Verwendung von Marken (vgl. Biel, 1993) sowie als einen gemeinsamen Nenner, der fur die internationale Vermarktung einer Marke verwendet werden kann (vgl. Plummer, 1985 b).