cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous Predictive Line Queries under Road-Network Constraints

With massively available global positioning systems, one can be up to date with its own position even when they are mobile. These position information, collectively, allows serving more knowledge to people on their neighborhood. This paper presents continuously monitoring predictive line query, which provides predicted future traffic information. The information would encourage the user to align his/her journey better, depending on the predicted traffic condition. Naturally, the accuracy of a prediction may become invalidated over time. The proposed query algorithm, thus, considers the continuous monitoring line query which keeps the issuer up-to-date over the time. If there is any significant change in the prediction results on the querying road due to location updates of other vehicles, the updated query result will be automatically sent back to the user. To speed up query processing, a novel data structure is designed, the TPR Q -tree. The TPR Q -tree facilitates one update message to be considered on a group of queries. This group wise consideration, contrary to the individual consideration, has reduces the execution time significantly. The results of extensive experimental study demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of proposed approach.
NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUES IN DETECTION OF EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: A CLINICAL EVALUATION

Abstract Early detection and evaluation of extracranial arterial disease offers the opportunity for early surgical treatment. Stroke is second only to heart disease as the leading cardiovascular cause of death in this country, and over 40% of strokes are due to extracranial arterial disease. In this paper, three non-invasive procedures will be presented along with the clinical results. Patients referred to our Vascular laborabory for cerebrovascular evaluation are examined by (a) Pulse delay oculoplethysmography (OPG), (b) Pulsed Doppler ultrasonic arteriography (UA), and (c) Compression-free photoplethysmography (CFP). The findings using these procedures were compared with contrast carotid angiography. It was found that pulsed ultrasonic arteriography was accurate in determining the severity and location of disease in greater than 30% of cases, while oculoplethysmography and phonoangiography presented an overall accuracy of 74% in detecting unilateral disease. This technique also presented a remote chance of missing a totally occluded vessel. Compression-free photoplethysmography has shown an accuracy of 80% in detecting unilateral and bilateral carotid disease.
Post-ECT Delirium.

A confusional state accompanied by restlessness is a frequent occurrence at the end of an induced seizure in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Delirium, which usually lasts <1 h, occurs in up to 12% of patients. It is most frequent during the initial treatments of a series. The occurrence of delirium in one treatment is not a harbinger of its reappearance in later treatments. Usually gentle reassurance is sufficient to help the patient, but some instances warrant the administration of diazepam, midazolam, a barbiturate, or droperidol.
Glutathione homeostasis and leukotriene-induced permeability in human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells subjected to in vitro ischemia

Ischemic alterations in the glutathione (GSH) redox system of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may facilitate oxidative injury and formation of vasogenic brain edema. In this study, both the intra- and extracellular GSH contents of human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (HCEC) were reduced by 35% after exposing the cells to 4 h in vitro ischemia and 24 h-recovery. The intracellular/extracel-lular GSH ratio was not affected, indicating a constant rate of GSH efflux. The activities of the peroxide detoxifying enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, increased by 35%-50%, whereas the GSH regenerating enzyme, glutathione reductase, remained unchanged in ischemic HCEC. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), a GSH catabolizing enzyme enriched in brain capillaries, was reduced by 30–50% in ischemic HCEC. The effect of in vitro ischemia on HCEC permeability was assessed by measuring sodium fluorescein clearance across a compartmentalized in vitro BBB model. Sodium fluorescein clearance across HCEC monolayers exposed to leukotriene C4 in the presence of the GGTP inhibitor, acivicin (1 µM), or after in vitro ischemia was increased by 60% and 30%, respectively, suggesting that oxidative stress and loss of GGTP may ‘unmask’ BBB permeabilizing actions of leukotrienes. These results indicate that oxidative stress and loss of GGTP activity in HCEC contribute to ischemic BBB disruption and vasogenic brain edema.
Experience with tranylcypromine in early Parkinson’s disease

A leading hypothesis of the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration of the substantia nigra dopamine-containing cells in Parkinson's disease (PD) is excessive oxidative stress. In part, this oxidative stress is the result of the oxidation of dopamine by the action of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B to generate hydrogen peroxide and subsequent oxygen free radicals. Because of this hypothesis we have treated patients with early PD, not yet requiring any symptomatic treatment, with tranylcypromine, a drug that inhibits both MAO's. These patients were required to observe a tyramine-restricted diet. Thirty-seven patients on tranylcypromine have been followed by us for up to 33 months. Four patients discontinued the drug because of pending surgery. Of the remaining 33, six had adverse effects that lead to discontinuation of the drug, mainly impotency in men. Another common adverse effect encountered was insomnia, but this problem was not a cause of stopping the drug. Depression lifted in all five patients who had this problem at the time tranylcypromine was initiated. Only two patients have so far required treatment with levodopa or a dopamine agonist, and this need occurred within the first 6 months of treatment. The evaluation of all 37 patients revealed that parkinsonian symptoms improved slightly on introduction of tranylcypromine as measured by the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Hoehn & Yahr Staging Scale, and the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Follow-up evaluations for a minimum of 6 months between the first post-tranylcypromine visit and the most recent visit revealed only slight worsening of parkinsonian signs and symptoms, with a mean interval of almost 1.5 years. A longer period of follow-up is needed to determine how long the severity of PD will remain mild in this group of patients.
Illness as a phenomenon of being-in-the-world with others: Plato’s Charmides, Kleinman and Merleau-Ponty

Plato's Charmides, I argue, is a remarkably productive text for confronting and questioning some common presuppositions about the body and illness, particularly when we take seriously Socrates' claim that healing Charmides' headaches requires first examining-and perhaps healing-his soul. I begin by turning to the work of the psychiatrist and medical anthropologist Arthur Kleinman to argue that even if the pain Charmides experiences is more 'physical'than 'mental', a physical exam and physical intervention alone will not necessarily be effective in treating his headaches. Next, I turn to the work of the phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty and his discussion of the phenomenon of the 'phantom limb' to argue that the body, rather than simply being a physical object is, instead, primarily an experiencing subject; the body is fundamentally our way of having a world. Furthermore, illness, rather than being conceived of as either a physical or mental disorder, should instead be understood in terms of a person's being-in-the-world with others. Finally, I return to Plato's Charmides and argue that, just as the phantom limb reflects the destruction of a specific way of being-in-the-world with others, Charmides' headaches reflect the construction of a specific way of being-in-the-world with others.
Use of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for the Determination of Electrospray Response Factors and Its Application to Underivatized Sugars Under Various Solvent Parameters

The relationship between the electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometric (MS) response of an analyte and its concentration has been well studied for permanently charged and basic analytes in the positive ionization mode, but there has been a lack of research effort for other analytes, and for the negative ionization mode, in general. In this study, this relationship was investigated for various adducts and deprotonated species of glucose, sucrose, and raffinose using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) coupled with ESI-tandem MS to obtain a continuum of response factors across a wide concentration range in both the positive and negative ionization modes with a single injection under 18 different combinations of solvents and additives. Profiles of response factors vs. concentrations varied widely and were dependent upon the analyte and solvent parameters. The use of ammonium trifluoroacetate resulted in the highest response factors for methanol-based and acetonitrile-based solvents in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. Ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, and sodium chloride in 80:20 acetonitrile:water in the negative ionization mode resulted in good linearities, useful for quantitative analysis. In the positive ionization mode, response factors tended to increase with an increase in the molecular weight of the analyte, and acetonitrile was generally found to decrease response factors. We have also demonstrated the ability of CSTR-ESI-MS to visualize ionization suppression in the presence of co-analytes. These data should be useful for liquid chromatography-ESI-MS method development for sugar analysis, to help guide the choice of mobile phase that will result in high sensitivity and linearity.
Introduction to the thematic issue on valuing research: theory, research, policy and practice of return on investment

AbstractIncreasingly, research enterprises in government, academia and industry are tasked with demonstrating the value of their undertakings. From the perspective of finite resources, like time, money and people, this is a reasonable request. Government researchers are duty-bound to demonstrate value to their nations’ citizens, academic researchers are obliged to demonstrate value to their departments, and industry researchers are compelled to demonstrate value to shareholders and stakeholders. Yet, quantifying the “value” of research is a complex undertaking, with subjective advocacy often standing in place of objective analysis. Recent efforts demonstrate that it is possible to develop and apply methods for valuing research. This thematic issue provides a sampling of recent developments in the underlying theory and application of Return on Investment measurement and assessment.
Healthcare Utilization and Morbidity among Adolescents with ADHD in Children Aged 11-17 Years, NHIS, 2017

Purpose. Children with ADHD have known behaviors of hyperactivity and impulsivity which may result in adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of serious adverse outcomes (emergency department visits within the previous year) in preadolescents and adolescents with ADHD as compared with preadolescents and adolescents without ADHD. Method. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2017 data concerning 2,965 children (>11 to 17 years). The NHIS data resulted from face-to-face interviews of a household member selected from a multistage area probability design representing households in the US. Data analyses for this study included Chi-square bivariate analyses and logistic regression analyses. Results. There were 13.2% of children in the sample who had ADHD. Children with ADHD were more likely to be male and non-Hispanic white. They were also more likely to have one or more additional disease or condition excluding ADHD. In adjusted logistic regression analysis on emergency department utilization by ADHD status, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.35, 2.74; p = 0.0003) for preadolescents and adolescents with ADHD as compared with preadolescents and adolescents without ADHD. Conclusion. Children with ADHD were more likely to have emergency department utilization than children without ADHD. Preventive medical visits were similar between preadolescent and adolescent children with and without ADHD. Characteristics associated with ADHD may explain the increased need for emergent care. Developing interventions for children with ADHD may decrease emergency department utilization.
Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Evidence-Based? An Update 10 Years Later:

Nearly ten years ago, Families in Society published an article (Kim, Smock, Trepper, McCollum, & Franklin, 2010) that discussed the empirical status of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) and its...
A Spike Time-Dependent Online Learning Algorithm Derived From Biological Olfaction

We have developed a spiking neural network (SNN) algorithm for signal restoration and identification based on principles extracted from the mammalian olfactory system and broadly applicable to input from arbitrary sensor arrays. For interpretability and development purposes, we here examine the properties of its initial feedforward projection. Like the full algorithm, this feedforward component is fully spike timing-based, and utilizes online learning based on local synaptic rules such as spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Using an intermediate metric to assess the properties of this initial projection, the feedforward network exhibits high classification performance after few-shot learning without catastrophic forgetting, and includes a none of the above outcome to reflect classifier confidence. We demonstrate online learning performance using a publicly available machine olfaction dataset with challenges including relatively small training sets, variable stimulus concentrations, and 3 years of sensor drift.
Will Black Lives Matter to the Police? African Americans’ Concerns about Trump’s Presidency

Based on a 2017 national survey of 1,000 Black Americans, perceptions regarding the implications of Donald Trump’s election as President on race relations, police-minority relations, and police tre...
Adaptation and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of an Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Self-Efficacy Scale for African-American Men

To evaluate whether computer-based prostate cancer screening decision aids enhance decision self-efficacy for African-American men, culturally relevant and reliable measures are needed. However, limited psychometric evidence exists on the health-related decision self-efficacy of African-American men. This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the 11-item Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Self-Efficacy Scale among 354 African-American men. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with maximum-likelihood estimation and polychoric correlations followed by Promax and Varimax rotations. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor, 11-item model of the modified scale with excellent internal consistency reliability at 0.95 and factor loadings ranging from 0.70 to 0.90. Both parallel analysis and a scree plot confirmed the retention of one factor, and the standardized root mean square residual (0.06) indicated that the factor structure explained most of the correlations. Findings suggest the one-factor, 11-item Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Self-Efficacy Scale has excellent psychometric properties and utility in reliably measuring health-related decision self-efficacy in African-American men. Future research is needed to confirm this factor structure among socio-demographically diverse African Americans.
A Novel Approach to Fracture Resistance Using Horizontal Posts after Endodontic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Abstract Studies of endodontic outcomes suggest that fracture of the tooth after endodontic therapy may be a greater problem than endodontic reinfection. Immediate full coverage with or without a post and core is the best way to prevent fracture. Unfortunately, in many population areas, due predominantly to cost, this restoration is often delayed, leading to fracture of the tooth. Reviews of several in vitro studies suggest that a composite restoration reinforced with glass fibers, particularly with fiberglass posts laid horizontally in a buccolingual direction, significantly increased the resistance to fracture. This case report describes in detail the placement of horizontal posts in an endodontically treated molar to reinforce the coronal structure. In the discussion, we outlined the agreement of most of the authors on the increase in fracture resistance and the lack of consensus on what constitutes a catastrophic fracture.
When Global Becomes Municipal: Cities Internalizing International Human Rights Law

International human rights law is most efficacious when it is both incorporated into domestic law and translated into local contexts. Yet, cities as rights implementers have received little scholarly attention. This paper explores municipal internalization of international human rights law through examination of San Francisco and Los Angeles’s binding ordinances implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The research demonstrates that municipal ordinances represent robust, alternative mechanisms to actualize human rights to large urban constituencies. Nevertheless, sub-national internalization of international law is theoretically distinct. Not all cities have substantial federated authority to act on a broad array of rights issues, and even with such authority, the scope of issues is delimited. Cities are also legally, and increasingly ideationally, isolated from the human rights treaty monitoring bodies, which means that accountability mechanisms are underdeveloped, and that the ordinances may evolve apart from international developments and understandings.
Plastic bronchitis associated with bleeding in child: A case report and literature review

Objective To analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a child with hemorrhagic plastic bronchitis, and to explore the etiology of hemorrhagic plastic bronchitis with review of relevant literature, so as to improve the clinicians′understanding of plastic bronchitis. Methods Clinical data of a female children with hemorrhagic plastic bronchitis was retrospectively reviewed.The patient had congenital heart disease, with repeated cough and hemoptysis as the first symptom.Chest CT scan showed cylindrical bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe and the bloodly bronchial cast was removed by bronchoscopy.The related literatures were review. Results After treatment, the symptoms of cough and cough were improved significantly. Conclusion When patients with recurrent hemoptysis and conventional treatment has no effective, it should be alert to the possibility of plastic bronchitis.The bronchoscopy can identify the causes and remove the casts, also need to pay attention to rebleeding. Key words: Plastic bronchitics; Bleeding; Children
Where Are the Moms? Strategies to Recruit Female Youth-Sport Coaches.

There are numerous benefits to sport participation among children and adolescents and coaches play a significant role in getting youth, especially girls, involved in sports and continuing participa...
Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in a Cohort of Adolescents With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety in adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2018 conducted in a Children's Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic. Participants included adolescents 12 to 17 years old at baseline with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. The primary outcomes were having depression and/or anxiety based upon a clinical diagnosis established by a physician or psychologist. The rates of depression and anxiety were measured at baseline and longitudinally throughout follow-up. RESULTS A total of 160 adolescents with NAFLD were followed for a mean of 3.8 years. At baseline, 8.1% had a diagnosis of depression. During follow-up, an additional 9.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.7-14.3) developed depression. The incidence density of depression was 27 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. In adolescents with NAFLD, 6.3% had anxiety at baseline and 6.7% (95% confidence interval, 2.6-10.7) developed anxiety during follow-up. The incidence density of anxiety was 18 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. The change in alanine aminotransferase was significantly worse for adolescents with NAFLD who developed depression compared to those who did not develop depression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with NAFLD had a high incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety. The rates were higher than expected relative to the available data in the general population. Addressing this mental health burden will require efforts at both the patient level and the systems level.
Reduced levels of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein are associated with ceramide-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells

3902 Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the Western world. Although surgery is the most effective treatment, approximately 50% of the people presumably cured by resection develop recurrent symptoms. Therefore, the development of strategies that would reduce the incidence of this malignancy would be particularly beneficial. One such strategy that has shown considerable promise is chemoprevention; in particular, chemoprevention that is based on the use of dietary factors. The natural chemopreventive agent, C 2 -ceramide, is regarded as a second-lipid messenger that can be released from sphingomyelin in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli. It is well established that CF1 mice fed with a diet supplemented with C 2 -ceramide or other sphingomyelins exhibit a significantly lower incidence of colon cancers in response to the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) than mice fed a normal diet. However, the mechanism(s) by which C 2 -ceramide inhibits colon cancer growth is not well understood. Since mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) and p53 genes are commonly found in colorectal cancers and they are involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we analyzed the relative roles of APC and p53 in the induction of apoptosis of different colon cancer cell lines with and without wild-type p53 and APC genes on proliferation and/or apoptosis and determined the role of p53 and APC proteins in these processes. The protein and mRNA levels in these cell lines with and without treatments were determined by Western and Northern blot analysis, respectively. The cell cycle and apoptosis profiles were determined by FACS analysis. Our findings indicate that C 2 -ceramide can induce apoptosis independently of the p53/p21(Waf-1/Cip-1) pathway. Also, the C 2 -ceramide induction of apoptosis showed a correlation with a reduction in the levels of the APC protein and mRNA. Moreover, the C 2 -ceramide-induced apoptosis was blocked by pretreatment with ZnCl 2 , which stabilized the levels of the APC protein. These results suggest that the treatment with C 2 -ceramide reduces the levels of APC protein and that the reduction in the levels of this protein plays a key role in the ability of C 2 -ceramide to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Comparison of Diet Preferences of Laboratory-Reared and Apartment-Collected German Cockroaches

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), is a common pest of human-built structures worldwide. German cockroaches are generalist omnivores able to survive on a wide variety of foods. A number of studies have concluded that laboratory-reared B. germanica self-select diets with an approximate 1P:3C (protein-to-carbohydrate) ratio. We predicted that field-collected insects would exhibit more variable dietary preferences, related to the wide-ranging quality, quantity, and patchiness of foods available to them. We compared diet self-selection of B. germanica within apartments and in the laboratory by offering them a choice of two complementary diets with 1P:1C and 1P:11C ratios. We observed high variation in the population-level self-selection of these diets among individual apartment sites as well as among various life stages tested in laboratory-based assays. Significant differences between populations in various apartments as well as between populations maintained in the laboratory suggested that factors beyond temporary food scarcity influence diet choice. Nevertheless, we found significant correlations between the amounts of diets ingested by cockroaches in apartments and cockroaches from the same populations assayed in the laboratory, as well as between males, females, and nymphs from these populations. These findings suggest that females, males, and nymphs within apartments adapt to the local conditions and convergently prefer similar amounts of food of similar dietary protein content.
Is Political Skill Always Beneficial? Why and When Politically Skilled Employees Become Targets of Coworker Social Undermining

The benefits of political skill at work have been extensively documented and highlighted. Existing research also reports unexpectedly equivocal and even positive relationships between employee poli...
PAX3-FOXO1 coordinates enhancer architecture, eRNA transcription, and RNA polymerase pause release at select gene targets

Transcriptional control is a highly dynamic process that changes rapidly in response to various cellular and extracellular cues1. Thus, it is difficult to achieve a mechanistic understanding of transcription factor function using traditional genetic deletion or RNAi methods, because these slow approaches make it challenging to distinguish direct from indirect transcriptional effects. Here, we used a chemical-genetic approach to rapidly degrade a canonical transcriptional activator, PAX3-FOXO12-6 to define how the t(2;13)(q35;q14) disrupts normal gene expression programs to trigger cancer. By coupling rapid protein degradation with the analysis of nascent transcription over short time courses, we identified a core transcriptional network that rapidly collapsed upon PAX3-FOXO1 degradation. Moreover, loss of PAX3-FOXO1 impaired RNA polymerase pause release and transcription elongation at regulated gene targets. The activity of PAX3-FOXO1 at enhancers controlling this core network was surprisingly selective and often only a single element within a complex super-enhancer was affected. In addition, fusion of the endogenous PAX3-FOXO1 with APEX2 identified proteins in close proximity with PAX3-FOXO1, including ARID1A and MYOD1. We found that continued expression of PAX3-FOXO1 was required to maintain chromatin accessibility and allow neighboring DNA binding proteins and chromatin remodeling complexes to associate with this small number of regulated enhancers. Overall, this work provides a detailed mechanism by which PAX3-FOXO1 maintains an oncogenic transcriptional regulatory network.
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) presenting as the first infection in a child with cystic fibrosis

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been increasingly recognized in recent years as contributors to clinically significant lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Reports of prevalence vary from 6 to 22% around the world. Prevalence estimates in childhood CF is challenging since sputum producers are rare, bronchoalveolar lavage is an invasive procedure and may not be feasible, and mounting evidence deeming throat cultures to be unsuccessful in detecting NTM. We report a case of an overall healthy 13 year old young adolescent female with CF, who presented with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) as her first documented lung infection, and while only presenting with minor cough proved to have severe purulent bronchial infection. Contrary to common paradigms, NTM can be the first infection in a non-previously infected airway, and, this first infection can be of a serious nature unlike the more subtle anticipated pattern. The causes of the high and probably increasing overall incidence of NTM and specifically in CF elude explanation and mandate further study. Continuing efforts should be invested into the study of all aspects of this ominous infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:E5-E7. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Other Health Impairment Category and Health-Based Classroom Accommodations: School Psychologists' Perceptions and Practices.

Abstract School psychologists (N = 161) completed a questionnaire regarding the category of other health impairment (OHI) and classroom accommodations for children with health conditions. School psychologists indicated that they were familiar with OHI and often used the category. More school psychologists were involved in OHI placements for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (84.3% during the past 12 months) than for the next most cited disorders (viz., 26.7 and 21.4% were involved in at least one placement for a student with epilepsy or asthma/pulmonary disease, respectively). Participants generally perceived educators as capable of making classroom accommodations, although they viewed both limited knowledge of the implications illness and problems consistently applying knowledge about illness as moderate to severe barriers to accommodations. Findings such as these may help school psychologists to continue to embrace health issues in their practices.
HCDF: A Hybrid Community Discovery Framework

We introduce a novel Bayesian framework for hybrid community discovery in graphs. Our framework,HCDF (short for Hybrid Community Discovery Framework), can effectively incorporate hints from a number of other community detection algorithms and produce results that outperform the constituent parts. We describe two HCDF-based approaches which are: (1) effective, in terms of link prediction performance and robustness to small perturbations in network structure; (2) consistent, in terms of effectiveness across various application domains; (3) scalable to very large graphs; and (4) nonparametric. Our extensive evaluation on a collection of diverse and large real-world graphs, with millions of links, show that our HCDF-based approaches (a) achieve up to 0.22 improvement in link prediction performance as measured by area under ROC curve (AUC), (b) never have an AUC that drops below 0.91 in the worst case, and (c) find communities that are robust to small perturbations of the network structure as defined by Variation of Information (an entropybased distance metric).
Process and layout dependent substrate resistance modeling for deep sub-micron ESD protection devices

This paper demonstrates a new methodology for bringing accurate substrate resistance modeling into circuit level ESD simulation. The impact of layout and process variations on the effective substrate resistance of deep sub-micron ESD devices is analyzed and modeled using a quasi mixed-mode approach. The substrate resistance simulated by this method shows good agreement with the values extracted from experimental data. This technique can be employed to simulate turn-on characteristics of ESD protection devices and determine the impact of process and layout variations on their reliability before fabrication of the actual devices.
Total Inhibition of Hepatic β-Lipoprotein Production in the Rat by Orotic Acid

Lipoproteins of rat plasma have been characterized by lipid analysis, preparative ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis on paper, and immunoelectrophoresis with specific antisera to α-lipoprotein, β-lipoprotein, and whole rat plasma. Similar techniques were used to characterize the lipoproteins released by livers perfused in situ with a suspension of erythrocytes in a medium initially free of rat plasma proteins. Normal rat livers released α-lipoprotein, β-lipoprotein, albumin, and other plasma proteins during the perfusion. When rats were fed orotic acid as 1% of their diet, the plasma β-lipoprotein concentration fell within 7 days to less than 1% of normal. It rebounded to normal within 48 hours following withdrawal of orotic acid or supplementation of the diet with 0.17% of adenine. When perfused in situ, livers from orotic acid-fed rats released α-lipoprotein, albumin, and other plasma proteins but no detectable β-lipoprotein. They released smaller amounts of cholesterol and phospholipid than normal livers and no triglyceride, although they contained 10 times normal amounts of triglycerides. The fatty liver produced in rats by orotic acid appears to result from an inhibition of synthesis or release of hepatic β-lipoprotein, supporting the concept that β-lipoprotein has a specific role in the normal transport of triglyceride out of the liver.
Reverse Kinematic Analysis and Uncertainty Analysis of the Space Shuttle Aft Propulsion System (APS) Pod Lifting Fixture

The space shuttle Aft Propulsion System (APS) pod requires precision alignment to be installed onto the orbiter deck. The Ground Support Equipment (GSE) used to perform this task cannot be manipulated along a single Cartesian axis without causing motion along the other Cartesian axes. As a result, manipulations required to achieve a desired motion are not intuitive. My study calculated the joint angles required to align the APS pod, using reverse kinematic analysis techniques. Knowledge of these joint angles will allow the ground support team to align the APS pod more safely and efficiently. An uncertainty analysis was also performed to estimate the accuracy associated with this approach and to determine whether any inexpensive modifications can be made to further improve accuracy.
Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of the Facial Bones and Mandible

Actinomyces israelii is a part of the human oral flora and thus is more commensal than pathogenic. Oral trauma, accidental or purposeful, can precipitate its introduction into the soft tissues, to which infection is usually confined. The case presented is one in which, over a span of two decades (1956 to 1977), the extraction of a mandibular tooth resulted in a chronic actinomycotic osteomyelitis, destroying first the mandible, then both maxillae, and then the right zygoma, with decreased vision and proptosis despite repeated medical and surgical intervention. Adequate treatment required removal of the sequestrum and excision of all infected granulation tissue, scars, and involucra until healthy bone was exposed. Intravenous penicillin was administered for 2 weeks, followed by a 6-month course of oral penicillin. The patient was followed for 4 years and remained disease free.
Material figures of merit for spatial soliton interactions in the presence of absorption

The effects of linear and two-photon absorption on bright spatial soliton propagation are studied. A spatial soliton switch that achieves gain through the novel mechanism of colliding, dragging, or trapping of two fundamental solitons of different widths is proposed. Figures of merit for use in evaluating the suitability of absorbing nonlinear media for soliton switching applications are presented. The main effect of linear absorption is to limit the propagation distance, which places an upper bound on the width of the soliton in order to fit sufficient characteristic soliton propagation lengths within the device. The optical limiting nature of two-photon absorption places an upper bound on the gain that an interaction can achieve. The combined effects of linear and two-photon absorption are to reduce the gain upper bound imposed by two-photon absorption alone with the addition of the soliton width constraint. A maximized gain upper bound is determined solely by material parameters and is compared among three promising nonlinear materials. It is shown numerically that the spatial soliton dragging interaction requires shorter propagation distances and achieves greater gain than the collision interaction and that both are tolerant to the presence of absorption and can provide, with high contrast, gains of three or greater using measured material parameters. These results warrant pursuing the implementation of spatial soliton-based logic gates.
Injury to the growth mechanisms of the immature skeleton

A new classification scheme of physeal and epiphyseal injuries is proposed. This is based partially on the Salter-Harris system, but additionally details subclassifications that relate to specific injury patterns. Furthermore, four other growth mechanism injury patterns not included in the previous systems are presented. It is hoped that this new, more detailed scheme will further our understanding of physeal/epiphyseal fractures, will aid in radiologic recognition, and will allow better estimation of prognosis for normal or abnormal growth.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type IIα Is Targeted Specifically to Cellugyrin-Positive Glucose Transporter 4 Vesicles

Phosphoinositides now emerge as important regulators of membrane traffic. In particular, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate may serve as a precursor for polyphosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol and, also, may regulate vesicular traffic by recruiting specific proteins to the membrane. Early results have demonstrated the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) activity in glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) vesicles from fat and skeletal muscle cells. However, the molecular identity of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase(s) associated with Glut4 vesicles has not been characterized. It has also been determined that Glut4 vesicles are not homogeneous and represent a mixture of at least two vesicular populations: ubiquitous cellugyrin-positive transport vesicles and specialized cellugyrin-negative insulin-responsive Glut4 storage vesicles, which are different in size, protein composition, and functional properties. Using sequential immunoadsorption, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence st...
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lithium transport in erythrocyte suspensions of hypertensives

Abstract We have applied a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, based on the 7Li nucleus, to discriminate between intracellular and extracellular lithium ions (Li+) in red blood cell (RBC) suspensions. The NMR method was compared with atomic absorption, a technique that requires physical separation of intra- and extracellular Li+ prior to chemical analysis. The rates and rate constants of RBC Na+-Li+ countertransport measured by the 7Li NMR method correlated significantly with the measurements made by atomic absorption for both the hypertensive (r = 0.964) and control (r = 0.961) groups. The rates of RBC Na+-Li+ countertransport measured by NMR were significantly higher for hypertensive patients than for normotensive controls. The fact that the NMR method does not require cell membrane lysis, and its potential to reveal structural and mechanistic information on Li+ binding and transport in cellular systems, makes it promising for understanding the basis of Li+ transport variations in RBCs, and possibly other tissues, from hypertensive patients.
Fluorine Gettering by Activated Charcoal in a Radiation Environment

Activated charcoal has been shown to be an effective gettering agent for the fluorine gas that is liberated in a radiation environment. Even though activated charcoal is a commonly used getter, little is known about the radiation stability of the fluorine-charcoal product. This work has shown that not only is the product stable in high gamma radiation fields, but also that radiation enhances the capacity of the charcoal for the fluorine. The most useful application of this work is with the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) fuel salt because the radioactive components (fission products and actinides) cause radiolytic damage to the solid LiF-BeF/sub 2/-ZrF/sub 4/-UF/sub 4/ (64.5, 30.3, 5.0, 0.13 mol %, respectively) resulting in the liberation of fluorine gas. This work has also demonstrated that the maximum damage to the fuel salt by approx.3 /times/ 10/sup 7/ R/h gamma radiation is approximately 2%, at which point the rate of recombination of fluorine with active metal sites within the salt lattice equals the rate of fluorine generation. The enhanced reactivity of the activated charcoal and radiation stability of the product ensures that the gettered fluorine will stay sequestered in the charcoal.
Radiation-induced tissue breakdown. IV. The source of degraded amino acids in irradiated rats.

Summary1. An attempt was made to determine the source of excess 14C -labelled glycine and phenylalanine observed in ‘free’ metabolic pools of rats loaded with glycine-2-14C and phenylalanine-3-14C before irradiation.2. Tissues from various organs of irradiated and non-irradiated rats were fractionated into three protein fractions. Glycine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine and alanine were isolated from these fractions, and the respective specific activities were determined.3. Differences in specific activities were : decreased activity in muscle collagen and soluble-protein fractions of thymus and spleen; increased activity in soluble-protein fractions of liver and muscle; and variable changes in the activity of certain amino acids of the soluble-protein fraction of kidney.4. The significance of these changes is discussed in terms of known biological effects of radiation on cells and cellular metabolism.5. Muscle collagen seems radio-sensitive and its increased catabolism in irradiated rats could explain m...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) is a potential biomarker for human colon cancer.

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) belong to a superfamily of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes, which catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to their corresponding acids. Increased expression and/or activity of ALDHs, particularly ALDH1A1, have been reported to occur in human cancers. It is proposed that the metabolic function of ALDH1A1 confers the “stemness” properties to normal and cancer stem cells. Nevertheless, the identity of ALDH isozymes that contribute to the enhanced ALDH activity in specific types of human cancers remains to be elucidated. ALDH1B1 is a mitochondrial ALDH that metabolizes a wide range of aldehyde substrates including acetaldehyde and products of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined the expression profile of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1B1 in human adenocarcinomas of colon (N=40), lung (N=30), breast (N=33) and ovary (N=33) using an NIH tissue array. The immunohistochemical expression of ALDH1A1 or ALDH1B1 in tumor tissues was scored by their intensity (scale = 1–3) and extensiveness (% of total cancer cells). Herein we report a 5.6-fold higher expression score for ALDH1B1 in cancerous tissues than that for ALDH1A1. Remarkably, 39 out of 40 colonic cancer specimens were positive for ALDH1B1 with a staining intensity of 2.8 ± 0.5. Our study demonstrates that ALDH1B1 is more profoundly expressed in the adenocarcinomas examined in this study relative to ALDH1A1 and that ALDH1B1 is dramatically upregulated in human colonic adenocarcinoma, making it a potential biomarker for human colon cancer.
Longitudinal dispersion in packed beds of porous adsorbing solids

Abstract The dispersion models developed by Turner and Aris for fluids flowing in packed beds of porous solids is here extended to packed beds of porous adsorbing solids. For the nonadsorbing systems it was found that molecular diffusion, convective flow in the bed channels, and holdup in pores are additive contributions to the overall dispersion coefficient. In adsorbing systems, however, it is here shown that pore holdup and adsorption are not simply additive contributions, but are combined in a complex fashion. The general expression for the adsorption coefficient, Eq. (33), is shown to reduce to the simpler equations for porous nonadsorptive systems and for nonporous adsorptive systems (chromatographic equations, ion exchange equations).
An instrument system for low-frequency (10 −3 –10 3 Hz) impedance measurements

An instrument system is presented for impedance measurements in the frequency range 10-3-103 Hz. The instrument features a three-frequency sinusoidal source with digital data acquisition. The former shortens the experimental duration whereas the latter facilitates simple computer analysis for the impedance. The system performs well even for cases with superimposed DC drifts. The results of some illustrative experiments are also presented.
Quasiparticle self-consistent GW method: a short summary

We have developed a quasiparticle self-consistent GW method (QSGW), which is a new self-consistent method to calculate the electronic structure within the GW approximation. The method is formulated based on the idea of a self-consistent perturbation; the non-interacting Green function G0, which is the starting point for GWA to obtain G, is determined self-consistently so as to minimize the perturbative correction generated by GWA. After self-consistency is attained, we have G0, W (the screened Coulomb interaction) and G self-consistently. This G0 can be interpreted as the optimum non-interacting propagator for the quasiparticles. We will summarize some theoretical discussions to justify QSGW. Then we will survey results which have been obtained up to now: e.g., band gaps for normal semiconductors are predicted to a precision of 0.1–0.3 eV; the self-consistency including the off-diagonal part is required for NiO and MnO; and so on. There are still some remaining disagreements with experiments; however, they are very systematic, and can be explained from the neglect of excitonic effects.
IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype

Both genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations are fundamentally important for the development of cancers, but the interdependence of these aberrations is poorly understood. Glioblastomas and other cancers with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) constitute a subset of tumours with extensive epigenomic aberrations and a distinct biology. Glioma CIMP (G-CIMP) is a powerful determinant of tumour pathogenicity, but the molecular basis of G-CIMP remains unresolved. Here we show that mutation of a single gene, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), establishes G-CIMP by remodelling the methylome. This remodelling results in reorganization of the methylome and transcriptome. Examination of the epigenome of a large set of intermediate-grade gliomas demonstrates a distinct G-CIMP phenotype that is highly dependent on the presence of IDH mutation. Introduction of mutant IDH1 into primary human astrocytes alters specific histone marks, induces extensive DNA hypermethylation, and reshapes the methylome in a fashion that mirrors the changes observed in G-CIMP-positive lower-grade gliomas. Furthermore, the epigenomic alterations resulting from mutant IDH1 activate key gene expression programs, characterize G-CIMP-positive proneural glioblastomas but not other glioblastomas, and are predictive of improved survival. Our findings demonstrate that IDH mutation is the molecular basis of CIMP in gliomas, provide a framework for understanding oncogenesis in these gliomas, and highlight the interplay between genomic and epigenomic changes in human cancers.