cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DD97: Strukturloses Träumen der Innovatoren (August 2009)

Die meisten guten Ideen fallen schon an der nachsten Strasenecke erschreckt zusammen und sinken dahin. Die meisten Ideen brauchen ein weiter als gedachtes Umfeld, um zu gedeihen. Die Erfinder sind in der Mehrzahl blind dafur und denken sich, die Umgebung entstehe von allein.
Machine Specific Energy Consumption Analysis for CNC-Milling Toolpaths

This paper describes our work on analyzing and modeling energy consumption in CNC machining with an emphasis on the geometric aspects of toolpaths. We address effects of geometric and other aspects of toolpaths on energy consumed in machining by providing an advanced energy consumption model for CNC machining. We performed several controlled machining experiments to isolate, identify, and analyze the effects of various aspects of toolpaths (such as path parameters, angular change, etc.) on energy consumption. Based on our analyses, we developed an analytical energy consumption model for CNC machining that, along with the commonly used input of material removal rate (MRR), incorporates the effects of geometric toolpath parameters as well as effects of machine construction when estimating energy requirements for a toolpath. We also developed a simple web-based software interface to our model, that, once customized for a particular CNC machine, provides energy requirement estimates for a toolpath given its G/M code. Such feedback can help process planners and CNC machine operators make informed choices when generating/selecting toolpath alternatives using commercial CAM software.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Gratuity or Tyranny: The Korean Alliances

The debate over the “tyranny of the weak” has been revived by recent developments in Vietnam and die continuing confrontation in the Middle East. Although some observers conclude that improved understanding among the large powers has weakened the power of the smaller allies, others maintain that the weaker states continue to show amazing intractability. A clarification of these questions should start with an examination of some of the concepts that can fruitfully be applied to a case study witit some potential for comparative analysis.
Amblyomma americanum: Comparison of Populations of Ticks Free Living on Pasture and Parasitic on Cattle

Populations of female Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) attached to bovines were recorded in one of three growth classes based on length of the scutum plus alloscutum; Gl (unfed), ≤2.38 mm; G2 (feeding), 2.39–5.25 mm; G3 (replete), ≤5.26 mm. Significantly more female ticks parasitized cattle in April, May, and June than in March or July; few females were found on cattle in other months. Average numbers of G3 females per bovine per month were not significantly different between March and July, and the percentage of females in class G3 per month was not significantly different between March and August. Male A. americanum were found on bovines in all months and generally outnumbered females on the host. Many males overwintered on cattle during December, January, February, and March. Log numbers of A. americanum on cattle regressed significantly on log numbers of free-living ticks attracted to CO2 or collected with drag on pastures in southeastern Oklahoma. However, predictions of numbers of ticks parasitic on bovines based on samples of the free-living tick population were imprecise, and slopes of the regression lines for adults, nymphs, and larvae were significantly different. It was concluded that CO2 and drag samples of nonparasitic ticks did not accurately reflect levels of tick infestation on bovines.
Mechanical Properties of Blends of Crystallizable Polybutadienes Containing Amorphous Polybutadiene Diblock Copolymers

Abstract Tensile failure properties of syndiotactic 1,2 polybutadiene/trans 1,4 polybutadiene crystalline blends are improved by addition of 5–10% amorphous 1,2 polybutadiene/1,4 polybutadiene diblock copolymer. The effect of block molecular weight and microphase behavior of the diblock copolymer was investigated. Heterogeneous diblocks enhance blend properties to a greater extent than homogeneous diblocks. In blends with enhanced properties, percent coverage of interfacial surface area by diblock is on the order of 10%.
The Biology and Ecology of Granary Mites of the Pacific Northwest II. Techniques for Laboratory Observation and Rearing

Microcells suitable for rearing single specimens of granary mites for life history studies were tested, and various food substrates were compared in stock cultures and individual rearing cells. Difficulties with paper barriers used as cell covers in preliminary experiments prompted trials with electric barriers, and with various smooth substances applied to the cell wall which would inhibit escape of confined mite specimens. A polytetrafluorethylene dispersion, applied as a liquid to the inside rims of the rearing cells, gave good results as a barrier material. Food preference trials involving Acarus siro L., Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank, Caloglyphus berlesei (Mich.), and Leiodinychus krameri Can. indicate that most cereal-plaster substrates provide satisfactory media for maintenance. Bread placed on a plaster-charcoal substrate was especially favorable.
Comprehensive national database of tree effects on air quality and human health in the United States

Trees remove air pollutants through dry deposition processes depending upon forest structure, meteorology, and air quality that vary across space and time. Employing nationally available forest, weather, air pollution and human population data for 2010, computer simulations were performed for deciduous and evergreen trees with varying leaf area index for rural and urban areas in every county in the conterminous United States. The results populated a national database of annual air pollutant removal, concentration changes, and reductions in adverse health incidences and costs for NO2, O3, PM2.5 and SO2. The developed database enabled a first order approximation of air quality and associated human health benefits provided by trees with any forest configurations anywhere in the conterminous United States over time. Comprehensive national database of tree effects on air quality and human health in the United States was developed.
Sketch-Based Image Editing Using Clothoid Curves.

We present a sketch-based image editing technique that allows users to modify an image using a set of strokes drawn on the image. The proposed approach uses clothoid curves to beautify the sketched deformation curves. A deformation diffusion algorithm then spatially distributes the user specified deformations through out the image to produce smooth transformations from the original image to the resulting image. We demonstrate the technique on a variety of image types including photo-realistic images, real product images, and sketches.
Biodegradable Dendronized Polymers for Efficient mRNA Delivery

As chemically modified messenger RNAs become less immunogenic and more stable against RNases, the need for synthetic vectors that can efficiently deliver mRNA into cells has increased significantly. Based on a dendronized polypeptide (denpol) architecture, we describe here the development of a synthetic vector system for efficient delivery of mRNAs. The optimized denpols show high efficiency of mRNA delivery to a variety of cells including primary murine dendritic cells (BMDCs), giving it potential use for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Development and Validation of a Multi-institutional Preoperative Nomogram for Predicting Grade of Dysplasia in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) of the Pancreas: A Report from The Pancreatic Surgery Consortium.

Objective:Previous nomogram models for patients undergoing resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have been relatively small single-institutional series. Our objective was to improve upon these studies by developing and independently validating a new model using a large multii
Growth, survival, and competitive ability of chestnut (Castanea Mill.) seedlings planted across a gradient of light levels

There has been an increased interest in tree breeding for resistance to exotic pests and pathogens, however relatively little research has focused on the reintroduction of these tree species. Understanding the durability of resistance in field settings and the field performance of improved trees is critical for successful species reintroduction. To evaluate methods for reintroducing American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh] to managed forests on the Cumberland Plateau, we quantified four-year survival and growth and three-year competitive ability of chestnut seedlings planted on the Daniel Boone National Forest in southeastern Kentucky, USA. We used a split-plot design to compare chestnut response among three silvicultural treatments spanning a gradient of light levels; midstory removal, thinning, and shelterwood with reserves (2, 24, and 65% available photosynthetically active radiation, respectively) and three chestnut breeding types; American, Chinese (C. mollissima Blume.), and BC2F3 hybrid. One of two hybrid families planted had similar survival to American chestnuts, 21 and 27% survival, respectively, while the other had better survival, 57%. Chinese chestnut survival was better than the other breeding generations (90%). High mortality among American and hybrid chestnut seedlings was likely caused by infection from Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Incidence of blight infection was low. While chestnut seedling growth was greatest in the high-light treatment, competitive ability of chestnut, evaluated by comparing planted seedling height to height of understory competitors, was maximized in the intermediate light treatment. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating competition pressure from co-occurring vegetation and field performance of resistant genotypes when assessing methods for reintroducing tree species to forested settings.
One World, Big Screen: Hollywood, the Allies, and World War II: by M. Todd Bennett, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012. xiii + 362 pp. Illustrations, notes, selected bibliography, and index. $30.00

As Elizabeth Borgwardt has argued, the signing of the Atlantic Charter aboard the Augusta in August 1941 was Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to “internationalize the New Deal.” The declaration, signed...
Patient-Related Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Ankle Joint Infection: An Analysis of 6977 Total Ankle Arthroplasties.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a devastating complication that often results in explantation to resolve the infection. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the patient-related risk factors for PJI after TAA. A national insurance database was queried for patients undergoing TAA using the Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, procedure codes from 2005 to 2012. Patients undergoing TAA with concomitant fusion procedures or more complex forefoot procedures were excluded. PJI within 6 months was then assessed using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, codes for diagnosis or treatment of postoperative PJI. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the patient-related risk factors for PJI. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each risk factor, with p 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.49; p = .034), tobacco use (OR 1.59; p = .002), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.36; p = .017), inflammatory arthritis (OR 2.38; p < .0001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.64; p < .0001), chronic lung disease (OR 1.37; p = .022), and hypothyroidism (OR 1.32; p = .022). The independent patient-related risk factors identified in the present study should help guide physicians and patients considering elective TAA and develop risk stratification algorithms that could decrease the risk of deep, postoperative infection.
The delivery of water by impacts from planetary accretion to present

Dynamical models and observational evidence indicate that water-rich asteroids and comets deliver water to objects throughout the solar system, but the mechanisms by which this water is captured have been unclear. New experiments reveal that impact melts and breccias capture up to 30% of the water carried by carbonaceous chondrite–like projectiles under impact conditions typical of the main asteroid belt impact and the early phases of planet formation. This impactor-derived water resides in two distinct reservoirs: in impact melts and projectile survivors. Impact melt hosts the bulk of the delivered water. Entrapment of water within impact glasses and melt-bearing breccias is therefore a plausible source of hydration features associated with craters on the Moon and elsewhere in the solar system and likely contributed to the early accretion of water during planet formation.
Toward improving factory working conditions in developing countries: An empirical analysis of Bangladesh ready-made garment factories

With supply chains now extending into developing countries, time and again, working conditions in supplier factories have been found to be unsafe. In this study, we focus on factories in the Bangla...
“We Have Closed Our Eyes and Sealed Our Lips”: black women’s accounts of discussing suicide within the black community

ABSTRACTConversing about suicide with an at-risk individual can be enough to save a life. Given the rise of suicidal behavior among African American subgroups (i.e., youth and male), advocates are ...
Energy transfer kinetics in whole cells and isolated chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria.

Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and global data analysis techniques have been used to study the flow of excitations in antennae of the green photosynthetic bacteria Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. The transfer of energy from bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c in Chloroflexus or BChl d in Chlorobium to BChl a795 was resolved in both whole cells and isolated chlorosomes. In Chloroflexus, the decay of excitations in BChl c occurs in -16 ps and a corresponding rise in BChl a emission at 805 nm is detected in global analyses. This band then decays in 46 ps in whole cells due to energy transfer into the membrane. The 805 nm fluorescence in isolated chlorosomes shows a fast decay component similar to that of whole cells, which is consistent with trapping by residual membrane antenna complexes. In Chlorobium, the kinetics are sensitive to the presence of oxygen. Under anaerobic conditions, BChl d decays in 66 ps while the lifetime shortens to 11 ps in aerobic samples. The effect is reversible and occurs in both whole cells and isolated chlorosomes. Emission from BChl a is similarly affected by oxygen, indicating that oxidant-induced quenching can occur from all chlorosome pigments. Abbreviations: B Chl - bacteriochlorophyll; Cb. - Chlorobium ; Cf . - Chloroflexus
Effect of Pressure on the Curie Temperature of Zr Zn 2

The initial pressure derivative of the Curie temperature of Zr${\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}$ has been measured under hydrostatic conditions, yielding a value of - (1.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for a sample with a Curie temperature of (21.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This is in good agreement with the values of -1.8 and -2.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ predicted by Wohlfarth using the model of a very weak itinerant ferromagnet and two different methods of calculation. The present measurement allows an estimate of the effective degeneracy temperature for Zr${\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}$ of 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and an estimate for the initial differential susceptibility of 6.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ emu ${\mathrm{g}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{Oe}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Email prioritization: reducing delays on legitimate mail caused by junk mail

In recent years the volume of junk email (spam, virus etc.) has increased dramatically. These unwanted messages clutter up users' mailboxes, consume server resources, and cause delays to the delivery of mail. This paper presents an approach that ensures that nonjunk mail is delivered without excessive delay, at the expense of delaying junk mail. Using data from two Internet-facing mail servers, we show how it is possible to simply and accurately predict whether the next message sent from a particular server will be good or junk, by monitoring the types of messages previously sent. The prediction can be used to delay acceptance of junk mail, and prioritize good mail through the mail server, ensuring that loading is reduced and delays are low, even if the server is overloaded. The paper includes a review of server-based anti-spam techniques, and an evaluation of these against the data. We develop and calibrate a model of mail server performance, and use it to predict the performance of the prioritization scheme. We also describe an implementation on a standard mail server.
Biocatalytic removal of perchlorate and nitrate in ion-exchange waste brine

Biocatalytic technologies are characterized by targeted, rapid degradation of contaminants over a range of environmentally relevant conditions representative of groundwater, but have not yet been integrated into drinking water treatment processes. This work investigated the potential for a hybrid ion-exchange/biocatalytic process, where biocatalysis is used to treat ion-exchange waste brine, allowing reuse of the brine. The reduction rates and the fate of the regulated anions perchlorate and nitrate were tested in synthetic brines and a real-world waste brine. Biocatalysts were applied as soluble protein fractions from Azospira oryzae for perchlorate reduction and Paracoccus denitrificans and Haloferax denitrificans for nitrate reduction. In synthetic 12% brine, the biocatalysts retained activity, with rates of 32.3 ± 6.1 U (μg Mo)−1 for perchlorate (A. oryzae) and 16.1 ± 7.1 U (μg Mo)−1 for nitrate (P. denitrificans). In real-world waste brine, activities were slightly lower (20.3 ± 6.5 U (μg Mo)−1 for perchlorate and 14.3 ± 3.8 U (μg Mo)−1 for nitrate). The difference in perchlorate reduction was due to higher concentrations of nitrate, bicarbonate, and sulfate in the waste brine. The predominant end products of nitrate reduction were nitrous oxide or dinitrogen gas, depending on the source of the biocatalysts and the salt concentration. These results demonstrate biocatalytic reduction of regulated anions in a real-world waste brine, which could facilitate brine reuse for the regeneration of ion-exchange technologies and prevent reintroduction of these anions and their intermediates into the environment.
Funding Sources for Sleep-Related Research Grants

Sleep medicine is a young interdisciplinary field with numerous research opportunities. New investigators have a myriad of options to start a research career. Government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Veterans Affairs, fund most of the original biomedical research. Funding options include career-development awards and project awards. The process is highly competitive and based on peer review and ranking based on the overall impact of the application and its scientific merit.
ONLINE LEARNING CHALLENGES: NEED FOR EVOLVING MODELS

This paper proposes that online learning theory can be enhanced by looking at research outside of education.Models such as the Community of Inquiry and the Transactional Distance Theoretical Model provide a utility toward structuring, conceptualizing, understanding, and analyzing online education. The ongoing research based on these models continues to explore and recommend as practice that the instructor holds "the keys" as to how the online learning environment will be formulated, shaped, and conducted. The assertion from this perspective continues that instructors through proper or improper structuring, guidance, and/or facilitation and design of their online learning environments may or may not be successful in their teaching. Research outside of education explores implications for online education from a biological and human behavior perspective, which includes analysis of innate brain wiring and emergent research regarding student emotional responses. If we think in terms of the online learning context and the apparent innate desire by all while learning to "connect" to one another, mirroring neurons and the advancement of their understanding could and should be monitored closely as more information and evidence emerges that may have valuable revelations about improving learning and learning outcomes within asynchronous learning environments. "Setting up" the space for learning is not enough for an online educator to understand. Having insight into one's own and others' personal relational dynamics and group dynamics is critical in facilitating online learning environments. Understanding the psyche of individuals and having the ability to intuit human behavior is equally important.
Acute manganese toxicity and the absorption and biliary excretion of manganese in cattle.

The concentration of manganese in the duodenum of three steers was increased by infusing manganese chloride intraduodenally at approximately 100, 515 and 840 μmol per minute for 30 hours and the rate at which manganese was excreted in bile was measured. In one steer an infusion of manganese chloride at 529 μmol per minute was toxic and in two steers infusions at approximately 840 μmol per minute were also toxic, causing inappetance, a reduced bile flow and abdominal discomfort. The maximum rates at which manganese was excreted in bile during the first three hours of the infusions at 515 and 840 μmol per minute were between 2.1 and 3.6 per cent of the rate of infusion. During the last three hours of all nontoxic infusions the rate of excretion of manganese in bile was 0.82 ± 0.08 per cent of its rate of infusion. Systemic plasma manganese concentrations did not increase during these infusions. In a fourth steer the longer term capacity of the liver to excrete manganese in bile when the manganese chloride was given intravenously was measured, the concentration of manganese in the portal vein being increased by infusions of manganese chloride solution into a mesenteric vein. The rate of infusion was increased at hourly intervals. The liver’s capacity to remove all manganese during first pass was only exceeded at an infusion rate of 84 μmol per minute. Infusions could be made into the mesenteric vein at 24 and 35.8 μmol per minute for 53 and 26 hours respectively before signs of toxicity were observed. Following signs of toxicity the excretion of copper in bile was decreased for two days.
Behavioral Correlates and Firing Repertoires of Neurons in Septal Nuclei in Unrestrained Rats

The behavioral correlates and firing repertoires of neurons in hippocampal formation have already been studied and published (32). In earlier work the basic strategy of the experimentation has been described, including many of its pitfalls. Briefly, the idea is to find the behavioral correlates of neurons in a fairly wide range of behavior. If one knows the behavioral correlates of all the neurons which are inputs and outputs of a region of brain, then one can determine the transformation of behavioral correlates that occurs in the region. This can be interpreted in terms of the information processing of the region. Some of the cellular mechanisms by which this processing may occur often follow as a simple interpretation from known anatomy and physiology.
How barefoot scholars were deployed: The good, the bad, the ugly

Abstract This chapter discusses the deployment of barefoot scholars from the perspective of my own experience. We use the term “barefoot scholars” to refer to a largely volunteer workforce of academics, local citizens and students who conducted applied field research in support of the recovery efforts. We use the term barefoot to reflect the largely voluntary and field oriented nature of the work. Like the barefoot doctors of China, many of the barefoot scholars had minimal training in research methods (graduate students and community members). Others, like academics, had considerable research training in specific sectors but not much cross-sectoral research experience. Most of us were participating in experiential learning about the recovery process. In this chapter, we discuss the evolution of a nonprofit organization, Recovery Action Learning Laboratory (RALLY), which provided financial and other support for the barefoot scholars. RALLY was engaged in providing its services for a variety of other nonprofits active in the recovery of New Orleans. In the final part of the chapter, lessons learned about the deployment and organization of barefoot scholars are presented.
Simple deep sequencing-based post-remission MRD surveillance predicts clinical relapse in B-ALL

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene has emerged as a highly sensitive method to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) in B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL). However, a sensitive and easily implemented NGS methodology for routine clinical laboratories is lacking and clinical utility of NGS-MRD surveillance in a post-remission setting to predict clinical relapse has not been determined. Here we described a simple and quantitative NGS platform and assessed its performance characteristics, quantified NGS-MRD levels in 122 B-ALL samples from 30 B-ALL patients, and explored the clinical merit of NGS-based MRD surveillance. The current NGS platform has an analytic sensitivity of 0.0001% with excellent specificity and reproducibility. Overall, it performs better than routine multi-color flow cytometry (MCF) in detecting MRD. Utilizing this assay in MRD surveillance in a post-remission setting showed that it detected conversion to positive MRD (CPMRD) in patients with NGS-based molecular remission much earlier than MCF, and that positive MRD conversion could be detected as early as 25.6 weeks prior to clinical relapse in closely surveilled patients. Post-remission CPMRD, but not NGS-based MRD positivity at end of induction, can accurately predict clinical relapse in our limited cohort of B-ALL patients. This pilot proof-of-concept study illustrates the clinical utility of a simple, sensitive, and clinically feasible MRD detection platform in post-remission NGS-based MRD surveillance and early relapse detection in B-ALL patients.
Sleep quality and perceived health in college undergraduates with adverse childhood experiences.

Abstract Background Research demonstrates that poor sleep quality is a predictor of chronic mental and physical health problems. The link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor health outcomes is also well established; however, few studies have examined the relationships between ACEs, sleep quality, and physical and mental health. Methods The current study used structural equation modeling to assess the direct and indirect relationships between ACEs, sleep quality, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and general health perception in a sample of college undergraduates (N = 399), a group of individuals whose age is notable for only recently transitioning out of childhood. Results Indirect (ie, mediation) effects indicated with 95% confidence that sleep quality mediated the relationship between ACEs and general health perception, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety. Sleep quality did not account for the entire relationship between ACE score and these health outcomes, indicating partial mediation. When reversing the mediator and outcome variables, depression and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between ACE score and sleep quality. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that sleep quality may be an important intermediary mechanism by which ACEs might contribute to poor health outcomes and especially poor general health perception. Prospective longitudinal research is needed to examine the directionality of the relationships between ACEs, sleep quality, and physical and mental health outcomes over time.
PC-Net: Unsupervised Point Correspondence Learning with Neural Networks

Point sets correspondence concerns with the establishment of point-wise correspondence for a group of 2D or 3D point sets with similar shape description. Existing methods often iteratively search for the optimal point-wise correspondence assignment for two sets of points, driven by maximizing the similarity between two sets of explicitly designed point features or by determining the parametric transformation for the best alignment between two point sets. In contrast, without depending on the explicit definitions of point features or transformation, our paper introduces a novel point correspondence neural networks (PC-Net) that is able to learn and predict the point correspondence among the populations of a specific object (e.g. fish, human, chair, etc) in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, in this paper, we first develop an encoder to learn the shape descriptor from a point set that captures essential global and deformation-insensitive geometric properties. Then followed with a novel motion-driven process, our PC-Net drives a template shape, that consists of a set of landmark points, morph and conform around a target shape object which is reconstructed through decoding the previously characterized shape descriptor. As a result, the motion-driven process progressively and coherently drifts all landmark points from the template shape to corresponding positions on the target object shape. The experimental results demonstrate that PC-Net can establish robust unsupervised point correspondence over a group of deformable object shapes in the presence of geometric noise and missing points. More importantly, with great generalization capability, PC-Net is capable of instantly predicting group point corresponding for unseen point sets.
Pushed or Pulled Out? The Racialization of School Choice in Black and White Mothers’ (Home) Schooling Decisions for Their Children:

Homeschooling is an increasingly common schooling option for middle-class black families yet is often overlooked in research on race and education. Drawing on interviews with 67 middle-class black ...
A MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM TO PREDICT ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OVER 30 MINUTES

Chest pain is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED). Variation in high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) by age and gender make diagnosis of AMI more challenging. Machine learning integrates these variables to allow more accurate and rapid evaluation of possible AMI. We
Artificial intelligence assisted bone lesion detection and classification in computed tomography scans of prostate cancer patients.

e17567Background: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer undergo computed tomography (CT) for pretreatment staging to rule out bone metastases. However, detection and classification of bone lesion...
A Békollè–Bonami Class of Weights for Certain Pseudoconvex Domains

We prove the weighted $$L^p$$ regularity of the ordinary Bergman projection on certain pseudoconvex domains where the weight belongs to an appropriate generalization of the Bekolle–Bonami class. The main tools used are estimates on the Bergman kernel obtained by McNeal and Bekolle’s original approach of proving a good-lambda inequality.
Mid-Infrared Pumping of Supercontinuum Generation in Single-Crystal YAG Optical Fibers

Using ∼3.6μm, 200fs, 500Hz laser pulses, we observed supercontinuum generation in 50 and 150μm outer dameter undoped, single-crystal YAG fibers with sol-gel cladding. We note differences in supercontinuum based on diameter and cladding thickness.
The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing

Of the 800 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans, only three (GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68) regulate signaling in acidified microenvironments by sensing protons (H+). How these receptors have uniquely obtained this ability is unknown. Here, we show these receptors evolved the capability to sense H+ signals by acquiring buried acidic residues. Using our informatics platform pHinder, we identified a triad of buried acidic residues shared by all three receptors, a feature distinct from all other human GPCRs. Phylogenetic analysis shows the triad emerged in GPR65, the immediate ancestor of GPR4 and GPR68. To understand the evolutionary and mechanistic importance of these triad residues, we developed deep variant profiling, a yeast-based technology that utilizes high-throughput CRISPR to build and profile large libraries of GPCR variants. Using deep variant profiling and GPCR assays in HEK293 cells, we assessed the pH-sensing contributions of each triad residue in all three receptors. As predicted by our calculations, most triad mutations had profound effects consistent with direct regulation of receptor pH sensing. In addition, we found that an allosteric modulator of many class A GPCRs, Na+, synergistically regulated pH sensing by maintaining the pKa values of triad residues within the physiologically relevant pH range. As such, we show that all three receptors function as coincidence detectors of H+ and Na+. Taken together, these findings elucidate the molecular evolution and long-sought mechanism of GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68 pH sensing and provide pH-insensitive variants that should be valuable for assessing the therapeutic potential and (patho)physiological importance of GPCR pH sensing.
SARS-CoV-2 as an inflammatory cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and future challenges.

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the 2020 global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In patients with COVID-19, multiple cardiovascular (CV) manifestations have been reported. SARS coronavirus 2 infection can lead to inflammatory CV disease first via takeover of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 enzyme as a cell receptor as well as the macrophage activation syndrome in severe illness. We review the CV manifestations of COVID-19 and therapeutics under investigation. We discuss the potential long-term CV sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 and the gaps in knowledge including the pathophysiological links between acute cardiac injury, myocardial inflammation and chronic cardiomyopathy. Future investigational efforts could result in significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances potentially impacting the broader field of chronic heart failure and cardiac recovery.
A framework of a decision critic and advisor

An approach is presented for improving the performance of decision-makers. It consists of supplementing decision-support systems with a decision critic and advisor (DECAD). The function of DECAD is to 'look over the shoulder' of the decision-maker, criticizing his or her actions and giving advice when appropriate. DECAD is a knowledge-based system with an architecture built around the artificial-intelligence notion of plan. >
Enlightened: addressing circadian and seasonal changes in photoperiod in animal models of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorders (BDs) exhibit high heritability and symptoms typically first occur during late adolescence or early adulthood. Affected individuals may experience alternating bouts of mania/hypomania and depression, with euthymic periods of varying lengths interspersed between these extremes of mood. Clinical research studies have consistently demonstrated that BD patients have disturbances in circadian and seasonal rhythms, even when they are free of symptoms. In addition, some BD patients display seasonal patterns in the occurrence of manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes as well as the time of year when symptoms initially occur. Finally, the age of onset of BD symptoms is strongly influenced by the distance one lives from the equator. With few exceptions, animal models useful in the study of BD have not capitalized on these clinical findings regarding seasonal patterns in BD to explore molecular mechanisms associated with the expression of mania- and depression-like behaviors in laboratory animals. In particular, animal models would be especially useful in studying how rates of change in photoperiod that occur during early spring and fall interact with risk genes to increase the occurrence of mania- and depression-like phenotypes, respectively. Another unanswered question relates to the ways in which seasonally relevant changes in photoperiod affect responses to acute and chronic stressors in animal models. Going forward, we suggest ways in which translational research with animal models of BD could be strengthened through carefully controlled manipulations of photoperiod to enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying seasonal patterns of BD symptoms in humans. In addition, we emphasize the value of incorporating diurnal rodent species as more appropriate animal models to study the effects of seasonal changes in light on symptoms of depression and mania that are characteristic of BD in humans.
But Is It Buddhist

In If You Meet the Buddha on the Road: Buddhism, Politics, and Violence, Michael Jerryson reports that his research on Buddhist violence frequently elicits two responses. The first is that the violence he has analyzed is not really Buddhist because true Buddhists are non-violent. The second is that instances of putatively Buddhist violence are not really Buddhist because they are ultimately about something besides religion, such as ethnicity, politics, or economics. This paper offers a thoroughgoing refutation of both of these responses. First, there is no principled way to establish the claim that true Buddhists are non-violent. Second, the claim that putatively Buddhist violence is ultimately about something besides religion does not provide reason against classifying the violence as “Buddhist.”
Feedback Decoupling of Magnetically Coupled Actuators

Permanent magnet manipulators provide a unique potential for safe operation of magnetically driven medical tools inside the human body for noninvasive surgical, imaging, and drug targeting procedures. These systems manipulate magnetic objects from a distance without direct contact, by generating a magnetic field using strong permanent magnets, and controlling the shape of this field properly. Control over the magnetic field is gained by displacement of the magnets using independent mechanical actuators for each magnet. However, interactions between the magnets result in a coupling between the actuators, which prevents them from independent and precise operation. This paper develops a multivariate, nonlinear feedback control to cancel the magnetic coupling between the actuators in effect. This feedback control incorporates a complex mathematical model of the magnetic interactions between the actuators, which does not admit a simple analytical form. Instead, this model is constructed numerically using the finite element method. The decoupling performance of the proposed feedback control is verified by numerical simulations.
Fast and parallel nanoscale 3D tracking of heterogeneous mammalian chromatin dynamics

Chromatin organization and dynamics are critical for gene regulation. In this work we present a methodology for fast and parallel 3D tracking of multiple chromosomal loci of choice over many thousands of frames on various time scales. We achieved this by developing and combining fluorogenic and replenishable nanobody arrays, engineered point spread functions, and light sheet illumination. The result is gentle live-cell 3D tracking with excellent spatiotemporal resolution throughout the mammalian cell nucleus. Correction for both sample drift and nuclear translation facilitated accurate long-term tracking of the chromatin dynamics. We demonstrate tracking of both fast dynamics (50 Hz) and over time scales extending to several hours, and we find both large heterogeneity between cells and apparent anisotropy in the dynamics in the axial direction. We further quantify the effect of inhibiting actin polymerization on the dynamics and find an overall increase in both the apparent diffusion coefficient D* and anomalous diffusion exponent α, and a transition to more isotropic dynamics in 3D after such treatment. We think that our methodology in the future will allow researchers to obtain a better fundamental understanding of chromatin dynamics and how it is altered during disease progression and after perturbations of cellular function.
Barbary Coast Nightworld

NIGHT FOG clung to the cobwebs that hung thick as torn stockings in the corners of the wharf tavern, slipping in through a window cracked to let out the whiskey thick breath of the thieves, pimps and sailors. Fog slipped in and stories slipped out, became fog, circled gas street lamps and floated back down into the sea or were wiped from the brow of a harbor patrolman, standing in his small boat still and silent, a pale form in dark robes, listening to the splash of brine against the rotting dock posts, cleats on the halyard whipping a mast in the wind, listening for the low bells of the ships of opium merchants who chose nights thick as these to dock their wares. Was it merely a sea fog or the stories in the fog that made the night watchman groping and blind? That made each glint of moon on the water seem a blade in a sleeve of black Chinese silk.
Abstract P064: Effects Of Pistachios On Blood Pressure And Systemic Hemodynamics In Type 2 Diabetes

Controlling blood pressure in diabetes is important for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study compared the effects of two healthy diets that differed in fat content on blood pressure and hemodynamics. We enrolled 30 adults with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study with isocaloric diet periods. After a 2wk run-in on a typical Western diet (36% total fat, 12% saturated fat), participants consumed a low-fat control diet (27% total fat, 7% saturated fat) and a moderate fat pistachio diet (33% total fat, 7% saturated fat) for 4wk each. While on the pistachio diet, participants consumed pistachios equivalent to 20% of daily calories (ranging from 2-5 ounces/day). At the end of each diet period, blood pressure and systemic hemodynamics were assessed at rest and during acute psychological stress (mental arithmetic and hand cold pressor). A subset of participants (n=20) also underwent 24hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Treatment effects were assessed with the mixed models procedure in SAS v9.3. There was no difference between treatments in resting blood pressure or systemic hemodynamics. During acute stress, stroke volume and cardiac output were significantly lower following the control diet (66.4 ml/beat and 4.43 l/min) than the pistachio diet (68.4 ml/beat and 4.57 l/min). Total peripheral resistance was significantly lower following the pistachio diet than the control diet (1682 vs 1746 dyne-sec/cm5). Systolic blood pressure during the 24hr ambulatory monitoring was significantly lower following the pistachio diet than the control diet (113.8 vs 117.3 mmHg). Taken together with other recent studies, these results provide evidence that daily pistachio consumption can benefit blood pressure and systemic hemodynamics in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire multi-channel optical interconnects

Summary from only given. We designed and built a completely functional optical interconnects using silicon on sapphire (SOS) driver and receiver technology. Operation of high bandwidth and low-power consumption was demonstrated from this system. The second generation of 8 X 8 SOS driver and receiver are currently under testing and fabrication. Multi-gigabits bandwidth operation is expected from such a parallel array interconnects.
Getting to the bottom of the F1-ATPase

Two new crystal structures describe previously unresolved domains of the F1 sector of ATP synthase. These domains lie at the interface between the transmembrane rotary motor and the rotating subunits of the F 1 domain and are crucial in coupling rotation of the two sectors to ATP synthesis.
Student use of pictures on text-based examination questions in an undergraduate human anatomy course (530.6)

A retrospective analysis was done on an undergraduate human anatomy multiple choice exam to survey the student use of printed pictures on that exam. The exam was composed of 45 multiple-choice ques...
Functional and Structural Properties of Corn, Potato, and Cassava Starches as Affected by a Single-Screw Extruder

The aim of this study was to identify suitable starch sources that can improve the structural integrity of plant protein-based extruded feeds, specifically aquatic feeds. Extrusion trials were performed, using a single-screw extruder. Extruder temperature, screw speed, and moisture content were varied in a factorial design with a replicated central composite point. The effects of these variables on functional and structural properties of the extrudates were evaluated. Temperature had the dominant effect on all properties. Increasing extruder temperature resulted in notable increases in onset temperature of gelatinization and glass transition temperature of all extrudates. The lowest water absorption, alkaline viscosity, and the highest water solubility, in addition to the lowest Rapid Visco Analyzer profile were found for corn starch extrudates. The lowest thermal stability was observed for the potato extrudate. It is expected that cassava and potato starches can contribute better in the formation of a co...
Political Activity Limits and Tax Exemption: A Gordian’s Knot

The article considers the correct tax treatment of political activity, examines administrative and legislative options to problems raised, and concludes that after the Citizens United decision, definitional political activity limits on noncharitable exempts should be eliminated, but only if the 527(f) tax on investment income remains vital and there are uniform donor disclosure rules. In addition, Congress should: extend the income tax to transfers of appreciated property to noncharitable exempts, take steps to prevent the laundering of independent expenditures through the charitable form, and develop a new tax baseline for political activity conducted for profit or outside of section 527.
Validating CFD Predictions of Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition with In Vivo Data

CFD provides a powerful approach to evaluate the deposition of pharmaceutical aerosols; however, previous studies have not compared CFD results of deposition throughout the lungs with in vivo data. The in vivo datasets selected for comparison with CFD predictions included fast and slow clearance of monodisperse aerosols as well as 2D gamma scintigraphy measurements for a dry powder inhaler (DPI) and softmist inhaler (SMI). The CFD model included the inhaler, a characteristic model of the mouth-throat (MT) and upper tracheobronchial (TB) airways, stochastic individual pathways (SIPs) representing the remaining TB region, and recent CFD-based correlations to predict pharmaceutical aerosol deposition in the alveolar airways. For the monodisperse aerosol, CFD predictions of total lung deposition agreed with in vivo data providing a percent relative error of 6% averaged across aerosol sizes of 1–7 μm. With the DPI and SMI, deposition was evaluated in the MT, central airways (bifurcations B1-B7), and intermediate plus peripheral airways (B8 through alveoli). Across these regions, CFD predictions produced an average relative error <10% for each inhaler. CFD simulations with the SIP modeling approach were shown to accurately predict regional deposition throughout the lungs for multiple aerosol types and different in vivo assessment methods.