cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The application of ISO9001:2000 quality management by Disease prevention and control institutions

Objective and Methods To explore the quality management mode of Disease prevention and control institutions by introducing and enforcing advanced management system;To summarize and analyze the establishment operation of quality management system and how to keep it improving,it's main practice,result and comprehend of performance.Result and conclusion The quality management of the unit has improved by dffective controlling it's course of performance.
Breeding and Trial Production of Hybrid rice ‘Chuanyou 2189'

‘Chuanyou 2189'was developed by crossing the 3-line male sterile‘Chuanxiang 29A'and the restorer line‘Fuhui 2189'.‘Fuhui 2189'was a result of crossing‘Shuhui 527'as the female parent with R2in Hainan in the spring of 2003.Its progeny were planted in the rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang for cultivar-screening.The selected plant lines were repeatedly cultivated for several generations in Shaxian and Hainan to assure cultivar stability.The finally obtained‘Chuanyou 2189'exhibited the desirable characteristics of large panicle,numerous grains per panicle,color change during mycelium ripening,high yield and high seed production.As a result,it has been certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committees in 2011.This paper presents the breeding procedures,hybrid characteristics,cultivation and seed production of‘Chuanyou 2189'.
Coopetition (Contemporaneous Cooperation and Competition) Among Nonprofit Arts Organizations

Coopetition (cooperation among organizations and individuals which may, in other contexts, view each other as competitors) is a concept that suggests that organizations with mutual interests can cooperate profitably at one level while competing at another. Ray Noorda, CEO of Novell, coined the term and proposed that often, in order to achieve strategic growth in an organization or industry, “You have to cooperate and compete at the same time.” Coopetition is viewed as an important research area in marketing strategy because of its potential to improve profitability and competitive advantage. This study broadens research on coopetition to an arena in which it has not yet been formally studied and quantitatively assessed - the nonprofit arts subsector, assessing its manifestation in that environment with both qualitative and quantitative studies.
Patient Body Mass Index is an Independent Predictor of 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Elective Spine Surgery.

Background Hospital readmission within 30 days of index surgery is receiving increased scrutiny as an indicator of poor quality of care. Reducing readmissions achieves the dual benefit of improving quality and reducing costs. With the growing prevalence of obesity, understanding its impact on 30-day unplanned readmissions and patients' perception of health status is important for appropriate risk stratification of patients. The aim of this study was to determine if obesity is an independent risk factor for unplanned 30-day readmissions after elective spine surgery. Methods The medical records of 500 patients (nonobese, n = 281; obese, n = 219) undergoing elective spine surgery at a major academic medical center were reviewed. Preoperative body mass index (BMI) was measured on all patients. BMI that was ≥30 kg/m 2 was classified as obese. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complication rates were collected. The primary outcome investigated was unplanned all-cause 30-day hospital readmission. The association between preoperative obesity and 30-day readmission rate was assessed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Baseline characteristics and operative variables and complication profiles were similar between both cohorts. Overall, 8.6% of patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge; obese patients experienced a 2-fold increase in 30-day readmission rates (obese 12.33% vs. nonobese 5.69%, P = 0.01). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, preoperative obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) was found to be an independent predictor of 30-day readmission after elective spine surgery ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Preoperative obesity is an independent risk factor for readmission within 30 days of discharge after elective spine surgery. In a cost-conscious health care climate, preoperative BMI can identify patients at risk for early unplanned hospital readmission.
Whole genome sequencing of Microbacterium sp. AISO3 from polluted San Jacinto River sediment reveals high bacterial mobility, metabolic versatility and heavy metal resistance.

Abstract The genus Microbacterium is composed of high GC content, Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Acintobacteria known for their antibiotic production. Microbacterium species commonly colonize agricultural rhizospheres and more infrequently have been found to colonize and infect human tissues as well. Here we report the 3,696,310 bp draft genome (chromosome and plasmids) sequence assembled at the scaffold level from 232 contigs of Microbacterium sp. strain AISO3, isolated from polluted San Jacinto River sediment in Channelview, Texas. The nucleotide sequence of this genome was deposited into NCBI GenBank under the accession NHRF00000000.
Bioinformatics Workflow Management With The Wobidisco Ecosystem

To conduct our computational experiments, our team developed a set of workflow-management-related projects: Ketrew, Biokepi, and Coclobas. The family of tools and libraries are designed with reliability and flexibility as main guiding principles. We describe the components of the software stack and explain the choices we made. Every piece of software is free and open-source; the umbrella documentation project is available at https://github.com/hammerlab/wobidisco.
Chordomas of the Skull Base, Mobile Spine, and Sacrum: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Presentation, Treatment, and Survival.

Background Chordomas are rare primary bone tumors that arise from the axial skeleton. Our objective was to analyze trends in radiation and surgery over time and determine location-based survival predictors for chordomas of the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum. Methods A retrospective cohort study of the SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) database from 1973 to 2013 was conducted. All patients had histologically confirmed chordomas. The principal outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Results The cohort included 1616 patients: skull base (664), mobile spine (444), and sacrum (508). Skull base tumors presented earliest in life (47.4 years) and sacral tumors presented latest (62.7 years). Rates of radiation remained stable for skull base and mobile spine tumors but declined for sacral tumors (P = 0.006). Rates of surgical resection remained stable for skull base and sacral tumors but declined for mobile spine tumors (P = 0.046). Skull base chordomas had the longest median survival (162 months) compared with mobile spine (94 months) and sacral tumors (87 months). Being married was independently associated with improved OS for skull base tumors (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.99; P = 0.044). Surgical resection was independently associated with improved OS for sacral chordomas (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.69; P Conclusions Surgical resection for mobile spine chordomas and radiation for sacral chordomas decreased over time. Patients with skull base tumors survived longer than did patients with mobile spine and sacral chordomas, and surgical resection was associated with improved survival in sacral chordomas only. Understanding the behavior of these tumors can help cranial and spinal surgeons improve treatment in this patient population.
Nonequilibrium Pair Breaking in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 Superconductors: Evidence for Formation of a Photoinduced Excitonic State

Ultrafast terahertz (THz) pump-probe spectroscopy reveals an unusual out-of-equilibrium Cooper pair nonlinear dynamics and a nonequilibrium state driven by femtosecond (fs) photoexcitation of superconductivity (SC) in iron pnictides. Following fast SC quench via hot-phonon scattering, a second, abnormally slow (many hundreds of picoseconds), SC quench regime is observed prior to any recovery. Importantly, a nonlinear pump fluence dependence is identified for this remarkably long prebottleneck dynamics that are sensitive to both doping and temperature. Using quantum kinetic modeling we argue that the buildup of excitonic interpocket correlation between electron-hole ($e\text{\ensuremath{-}}h$) quasiparticles (QP) quenches SC after fs photoexcitation leading to a long-lived, many-QP excitonic state.
Using Variable Decoding Weight for Language Model in Statistical Machine Translation

This paper investigates varying the decoder weight of the language model (LM) when translating different parts of a sentence. We determine the condition under which the LM weight should be adapted. We find that a better translation can be achieved by varying the LM weight when decoding the most problematic spot in a sentence, which we refer to as a difficult segment. Two adaptation strategies are proposed and compared through experiments. We find that adapting a different LM weight for every difficult segment resulted in the largest improvement in translation quality.
Exaggerated Acute Lung Injury and Impaired Antibacterial Defenses During Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Rats with the Metabolic Syndrome

Rats with Metabolic Syndrome (MetaS) have a dysregulated immune response to the aseptic trauma of surgery. We hypothesized that rats with MetaS would have dysregulated inflammation, increased lung injury, and less effective antibacterial defenses during Staphylococcus (S.) aureus sepsis as compared to rats without MetaS. Low capacity runner (LCR; a model of MetaS) and high capacity runner (HCR) rats were challenged intravenously with S. aureus bacteria. After 48 h, inflammatory mediators and bacteria were quantified in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung homogenates. Lungs were analyzed histologically. BALF protein and lung wet-dry ratios were quantified to assess for vascular leak. Endpoints were compared in infected LCR vs HCR rats. LCR rats had higher blood and lung S. aureus counts, as well as higher levels of IL-6 in plasma, lungs and BALF, MIP-2 in plasma and lung, and IL-17A in lungs. Conversely, LCR rats had lower levels of IL-10 in plasma and lungs. Although lactate levels, and liver and renal function tests were similar between groups, LCR rats had higher BALF protein and lung wet-dry ratios, and more pronounced acute lung injury histologically. During S. aureus bacteremia, as compared with HCR rats, LCR (MetaS) rats have heightened pro-inflammatory responses, accompanied by increased acute lung injury and vascular leak. Notably, despite an augmented pro-inflammatory phenotype, LCR rats have higher bacterial levels in their blood and lungs. The MetaS state may exacerbate lung injury and vascular leak by attenuating the inflammation-resolving response, and by weakening antimicrobial defenses.
Gene expression correlates of facultative predation in the blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Effects of intraguild predation (IGP) on omnivores and detritivores are relatively understudied when compared to work on predator guilds. Functional genetic work in IGP is even more limited, but its application can help answer a range of questions related to ultimate and proximate causes of this behavior. Here, we integrate behavioral assays and transcriptomic analysis of facultative predation in a blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to evaluate the prevalence, effect, and correlated gene expression of facultative predation by the invasive species Chrysomya rufifacies. Field work observing donated human cadavers indicated facultative predation by C. rufifacies on the native blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria was rare under undisturbed conditions, owing in part to spatial segregation between species. Laboratory assays under conditions of starvation showed predation had a direct fitness benefit (i.e., survival) to the predator. As a genome is not available for C. rufifacies, a de novo transcriptome was developed and annotated using sequence similarity to Drosophila melanogaster. Under a variety of assembly parameters, several genes were identified as being differentially expressed between predators and nonpredators of this species, including genes involved in cell-to-cell signaling, osmotic regulation, starvation responses, and dopamine regulation. Results of this work were integrated to develop a model of the processes and genetic regulation controlling facultative predation.
Kayak surveys in estuarine environments: addressing sea-level rise and climate change

Coastal archaeology is vulnerable to climate change, making the development of new techniques for the rapid recovery of information from the most threatened sites essential. The authors report a systematic kayak survey of a Chesapeake Bay sub-estuary undertaken during the winter months, when low tides and reduced vegetation maximise the visibility of archaeological material. Locations in the vulnerable intertidal zone were targeted for survey. Data were collected for 24 archaeological sites, illuminating local settlement chronology. This technique could be used for the survey of endangered coastal archaeology in other regions of the world.
Impression management strategies to gain regulatory approval

Abstract Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and data from the U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) import industry (2000−2013), I explore the complex configurations of conditions that impact regulatory approval and approval speed for a new venture's market entry. Rather than let conditions alone dictate outcome, firms use impression management strategies based on three types of rhetoric (persuasive, issue dissuasive, and detractor dissuasive), but these strategies are not always effective. I find an evasive strategy—avoiding any type of rhetoric—ensures faster regulatory approval under extremely favorable conditions, but is ineffective when community need is low, and there is either sustained community opposition or an adverse political climate. Conversely, an exuberance strategy, involving all three rhetorical types, ensures regulatory approval under adverse social conditions when supply conditions are favorable, but approval speed is slower. This research highlights the tangible but contingent impact of these impression management strategies on gaining regulatory legitimacy.
A Lethal Hidden Curriculum — Death of a Medical Student from Opioid Use Disorder

A Lethal Hidden Curriculum In 2017, a first-year student at the UCSF School of Medicine died from a drug overdose. Analysis of the events leading up to this death showed that many clinicians who in...
TCT-714 Aortic Lumen Area Modifies the Association Between Aortic Calcification and Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Increased aortic calcification is associated with mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Because calcification increases vascular stiffness, we hypothesized that this association may be due to increased residual load on the heart after TAVR and that luminal area (which also
BARRIERS TO ORAL HEALTH IN THE OLDER POPULATION

A strong challenge is posed for patients and their caretakers by the growing need for promoting oral healthcare for this population, as research substantiates the connection between oral health and systemic health. This study identified the major barriers to providing optimal oral care to the older population. Fifty patients aged 60 and over visiting the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine Clinic were administered a questionnaire which reflected possible barriers to oral health care. Statistical analysis of data revealed that the top three barriers in order of relevance were the (1) cost of treatment, (2) anxiety, and (3) transportation. The youngest old (60-69) indicated that the lack of time and conflict with work schedules were additional barriers, while the older sample (70+) experienced obstacles due to disability and illness. When gender differences were analyzed, transportation was the most significant as a barrier among males, and fear/anxiety was most significant for females. Ethnically, non-Hispanics indicated that (1) shortage of time, (2) anxiety, and (3) lack of social/physical support were significant barriers. Findings indicated that even those with Medicaid insurance coverage believed that the cost of dental treatment and caregiving responsibilitieswere major barriers to seeking care. Conversely, even those without dental insurance indicated that disability and illness were barriers to seeking care. This pilot study highlighted various barriers to oral health care and highlighted the need for intervention to address barriers, such as social services, expanded Medicaid coverage, and transportation assistance, to ultimately improve access to optimal oral health care.
Emotional Actions Without Goals

Recent accounts of emotional action intend to explain such actions without reference to goals. Nevertheless, these accounts fail to specify the difference between goals and other kinds of motivational states. I offer two remedies. First, I develop an account of goals based on Michael Smith’s arguments for the Humean theory of motivation. On this account, a goal is a unified representation that determines behavior selection criteria and satisfaction conditions for an action. This opens the possibility that mental processes could influence behavior without such a unified representation and hence, without goals. Second, I develop a model of emotions and appetites on which behavior selection criteria can be decoupled from satisfaction conditions. If this model is correct, then in many cases, there is no unified representation that determines the behavior selection criteria and satisfaction conditions of emotional actions. In contrast with many traditional accounts of action, the model suggests the following: Whether or not a behavior constitutes an action does not depend on the agent’s grasp of the behavior’s aim. Rather, a behavior constitutes an action if it was organized by the agent, where an agent can organize actions without a coherent grasp of their aim. Some emotional actions are manifestations of this possibility.
Environmental influence on soldier differentiation inCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Rhinotermitidae)

Termite soldiers are produced only in warm seasons in many species, and soldier ratios have been reported to vary seasonally in both lower and higher termites. Environmental parameters that may stimulate seasonal soldier production include temperature and diet. We examined the importance of these factors in soldier differentiation in the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Rhinotermitidae). We found that significantly more soldiers were produced at 30 °C and 31° C than at 25° C and 27.5° C, respectively. Termites consumed more wood and weighed more at higher temperatures, so that temperature-associated differentiation may have been related to better nutrition. There was no significant difference in soldier production on pine versus baldcypress diets.
The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Disproportionate Impact of the Pandemic on Older Black and Latinx Adults

Objectives The aim of this evidence-based theoretically informed article was to provide an overview of how and why the COVID-19 outbreak is particularly detrimental for the health of older Black and Latinx adults. Methods We draw upon current events, academic literature, and numerous data sources to illustrate how biopsychosocial factors place older adults at higher risk for COVID-19 relative to younger adults, and how structural racism magnifies these risks for black and Latinx adults across the life course. Results We identify 3 proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (a) risk of exposure, (b) weathering processes, and (c) health care access and quality. Discussion While the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis, the racial/ethnic health inequalities among older adults it has exposed are longstanding and deeply rooted in structural racism within American society. This knowledge presents both challenges and opportunities for researchers and policymakers as they seek to address the needs of older adults. It is imperative that federal, state, and local governments collect and release comprehensive data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by race/ethnicity and age to better gauge the impact of the outbreak across minority communities. We conclude with a discussion of incremental steps to be taken to lessen the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among older Black and Latinx adults, as well as the need for transformative actions that address structural racism in order to achieve population health equity.
Multiview LSA: Representation Learning Via Generalized CCA

Multiview LSA (MVLSA) is a generalization of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) that supports the fusion of arbitrary views of data and relies on Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (GCCA). We present an algorithm for fast approximate computation of GCCA, which when coupled with methods for handling missing values, is general enough to approximate some recent algorithms for inducing vector representations of words. Experiments across a comprehensive collection of test-sets show our approach to be competitive with the state of the art.
Abstract IA-19: Dissecting the immune complexity of pancreatic cancer survivors through team science

The advent of next-generation genomic sequencing has heralded unprecedented insight into the complexity of the interactions between the immune system and cancer. These tools to capture the genomes, exomes, and transcriptomes of cells in cancers has revealed the diversity of cancer antigens, the T cells and receptors that recognize them, and the supporting cells and states that regulate these associations. What is evident from these efforts is not only the high-dimensionality of the cancer space, but also the need for specialized analytical skills and cross-disciplinary expertise outside of the traditional biological sciences to integrate these vast data. Pancreatic cancer survivors represent a unique cohort of immunologic outliers to apply these tools to glean greater insight into rules governing immune recognition of cancer. In this talk, I will discuss our efforts to use a team of investigators spanning medical, computational, physical, and biological sciences to identify the immunogenicity, and evolution of cancer neoantigens in these unique patients, and how this antigen recognition is regulated by other novel cells in the environment. Citation Format: Vinod P. Balachandran. Dissecting the immune complexity of pancreatic cancer survivors through team science [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-19.
The Effect of Water Flavor on Voluntary Water Intake in Hospitalized Horses

Abstract Hospitalized horses are at risk for colic due to several factors, all of which may reduce voluntary water intake (VWI) further contributing to the development of colic during hospitalization. Our objectives were to determine if using flavored water (sweet feed, peppermint, or apple-flavored electrolyte) increases VWI of hospitalized horses and to determine if horses consumed more flavored water versus plain water. We hypothesized that (1) in hospitalized horses the availability of flavored water results in more VWI than the availability of unflavored water and that (2) average intake of flavored water is larger for flavored versus unflavored within the experimental (flavored) group. Four groups of hospitalized horses (n = 10/group) were recruited. All horses were provided two buckets of water. Control horses were provided two buckets of plain water. The other three groups were provided one bucket of plain water and one bucket of flavored water (sweet feed, peppermint, or a commercial apple-flavored electrolyte). The total and the flavor-specific water consumed was recorded during a 72-hour period. There was weak evidence to suggest that the use of flavored water increases median total water intake of hospitalized horses by a factor of 1.76 [95% CI: 0.98 to 3.11] for sweet feed (P = .05) and 1.85 [95% CI: 1.03 to 3.33] for peppermint (P = .04). The results strongly supported that horses consumed more sweet feed–flavored water (27.0 mL/kg/day [95% CI: 14.6 to 39.3] more water) compared with plain water (P = .0001).
A Chronological Overview of the Federal, State, and Local Response to COVID-19

Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the United States, federal, state, and local governments have taken varying degrees of legal action to prevent the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact on the public’s health and health care systems. Federal action has primarily consisted of national emergency declarations, travel bans, guidance on social distancing measures, and laws aimed at mitigating the economic impacts of COVID-19. Legal action at the state and local level has focused heavily on social distancing requirements and other emergency measures to reduce the spread of the virus, including stay-at-home orders, prohibitions on large gatherings, closures of non-essential businesses and schools, and the mandatory use of face masks. This Chapter provides an overview of these actions, chronicling the federal and state legal response from January to July 2020, and highlighting policy trends at the local level from March to July 2020. This paper was prepared as part of Assessing Legal Responses to COVID-19, a comprehensive report published by Public Health Law Watch in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation and the American Public Health Association.
Conventional and Novel Lipid Measures and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the association of multiple lipid measures with incident peripheral artery disease (PAD). Approach and Results: We used Cox proportion...
TextbooksForAll: Free Textbooks and Their Place in Computer Science Education

The expense of textbooks is a common source of frustration among students. Furthermore, the lack of affordable textbooks can inadvertently limit who studies computer science. One way educators and faculty can mitigate these issues is through adopting (and writing) free online textbooks. This panel discusses the benefits, challenges, and development practices of free online textbooks. The panelists, who have authored three widely used textbooks, characterize the role of free textbooks in CS education, describe their experiences writing a free textbook, and offer advice to faculty interested in incorporating them into their courses.
Personal branding project in a sport marketing class

Abstract The purpose of this practice paper is to describe an experiential learning opportunity that sport management educators could integrate into coursework to enhance their students’ understanding of building a personal brand. This project best fits into a course focused on sport marketing and consists of four components: 1) Individual brand video, 2) Personal Brand Audit, 3) Personal Brand Audit, 4) Project Critical Assessment. The personal branding project has many benefits for students, which include understanding the importance of developing a strong personal brand and the opportunity to obtain feedback and assistance in the process of auditing their current personal brand. While this is especially vital for senior-level students as they prepare for entry into the job market and a sustained career in the sport industry, this strategy can also be adopted for entry-level and graduate-level courses.
Extending the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: MSEM Applications:

The Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM) conceptualizes group composition as a relational construct and provides methods for estimating the effects of compositional characteristics on ...
Differential flight responses of two ambrosia beetles to ethanol as indicators of invasion biology: the case with Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) and fruit‐tree pinhole borer (Xyleborinus saxesenii)

1. Host selection and utilization by ambrosia beetles ranges from healthy trees to weakened, dying, or dead trees. Compared to weakened trees, healthy trees emit little to no ethanol, which is stress‐induced and a by‐product of anaerobic respiration. The current study tested the attraction of two invasive ambrosia beetles, Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB), one member of the species complex, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus, and fruit‐tree pinhole borer, Xyleborinus saxesenii, to four treatments with or without ethanol. 2. GC–MS analyses confirmed the release of ethanol from the ethanol lure and boxelder log filled with ethanol and not from the other two treatments. Kuroshio shot hole borer was not preferentially attracted to any ethanol treatment, whereas X. saxesenii responded positively to the ethanol treatments. The boxelder bolt infused with ethanol was the most attractive treatment to X. saxesenii. 3. We propose that the differential behavioural responses of these two ambrosia beetles to ethanol correspond to their differential aggressiveness for attacking healthy trees: KSHB attacks healthy trees, whereas X. saxesenii attacks weakened trees. The proposal is further substantiated by a literature survey on bark and ambrosia beetles from Scolytinae. The survey also indicates that the majority of bark and ambrosia beetles from Scolytinae respond positively to ethanol. 4. Although ethanol is widely used and is an effective lure for attraction of many bark and ambrosia beetles, findings from this current study and many others necessitate research and development of alternative lures for more aggressive species which are ecologically and economically more devastating.
The Emergence of ICTs for Developing Countries

We analyze discourse on Information Communications Technology (ICT) forums on the Web to extract relevant messages on the issues and challenges raised, the experiences shared, and the policies framed for developing countries. Using dramatistic analysis, we explore specific language of the discourse from actual discussion texts and examine how these discussions reveal a shared drama that helps shape ICT policy, justification, diffusion, use, and implementation. We identify the hero, villain, main plot and subplot of the ICT policy drama that took place from 1997–2000 in an Internet discussion forum. The conclusions derived from these discourses should be useful both for researchers and policy makers who may use it as a basis for creating a comprehensive set of sustainable information technology strategies and policies that can be appropriately implemented.
Walking and Jumping

Publisher Summary This chapter explores walking and jumping abilities of insects. By evolving variations on a basic body plan, they have achieved remarkable dexterity in a wide range of environmental niches. To understand how an insect walks, one must subdivide the process. First, one must understand the movements of the legs and their constituent joints, and then begins to look at how muscles generate these movements and the circuits within the central nervous system that control motor activity. Over most walking speeds, sense organs of the limbs contribute to motor control by providing detailed information about the position, velocity, and the forces occurring in each leg. Therefore, one must also investigate the role of sensory input in the control of movement. Even with all this information, we will understand only how an animal can walk on a horizontal surface. But the aspects of walking in insects are truly remarkable and attract robotics engineers to them because of their abilities to run over and around obstacles, climb up walls, and jump over barriers. Often these adaptations occur through subtle changes in the basic pattern of locomotory behavior.
Visualizing spatial tasks: A comparison of computer graphic and full-band video displays

Three spatial tasks were created in two forms, as video and as computer graphics. Both forms of each task were presented to third graders, middle schoolers, and adults preferred working with the video but were more accurate working with computer graphics. Third graders preferred the computer but were equally successful working with both displays. The study suggests that the expectations with which students approach an instructional technology may determine the effectiveness of that technology more than characteristics of the technology in question.
Expression of Clusterin/Sulfated Glycoprotein-2 Under Conditions of Heat Stress in Rat Sertoli Cells and a Mouse Sertoli Cell Line

Clusterin is the major protein produced by rat Sertoli cells and is deposited onto sperm membranes; however, its function is unknown. In order to gain insight into the regulation of clusterin in Sertoli cells, the objective of the present study was to develop a model where the expression of clusterin could be affected in Sertoli cells in vitro. Rat Sertoli cells and mouse Sertoli cells (MSC1) were cultured under heat stress conditions (41 degrees C) for up to 48 hours. The mRNA for clusterin in Sertoli cells was compared to that in human epitheliod cancer cells (A431) to determine if clusterin expression was regulated in a lestis-specific manner. The mRNA for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also examined as it is a known stress-regulated gene. Expression of HSP70 mRNA was increased in all three cell types by 4 hours after the start of heat stress. Clusterin mRNA was increased over that of controls by 4 hours in heat-stressed A431 cells but did not significantly increase in MSC1 or Sertoli cells until 12 hours (P < 0.05). The induction of clusterin mRNA in MSC1 cells continued for at least 48 hours and required the sustained exposure of cells to the 41 degrees C temperature. The increase in the amount of clusterin mRNA was not due to an increase in transcript half-life, as determined by the addition of actinomycin D to the media of control vs. heat-stressed MSC1 cells. From the development of this in vitro model, we have seen that the timing of induction of clusterin by heat stress is Sertoli cell specific and is different than that of HSP70. This response in surviving cells during heat stress may be protective in that clusterin would bind to toxic compounds or solubilize cellular debris released by degenerating cells.
The effects of oxygen level and glucose concentration on the metabolism of porcine TMJ disc cells.

Summary Objective To determine the combined effect of oxygen level and glucose concentration on cell viability, ATP production, and matrix synthesis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc cells. Design TMJ disc cells were isolated from pigs aged 6–8 months and cultured in a monolayer. Cell cultures were preconditioned for 48 h with 0, 1.5, 5, or 25 mM glucose DMEM under 1%, 5%, 10%, or 21% O 2 level, respectively. The cell viability was measured using the WST-1 assay. ATP production was determined using the Luciferin–Luciferase assay. Collagen and proteoglycan synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [2, 3- 3 H] proline and [ 35 S] sulfate into the cells, respectively. Results TMJ disc cell viability significantly decreased ( P P P P P P P P = 0.00015), and collagen ( P = 0.0002) and proteoglycan synthesis ( P Conclusions Although both glucose and oxygen are important, glucose is the limiting nutrient for TMJ disc cell survival. At low oxygen levels, the production of ATP, collagen, and proteoglycan are severely inhibited. These results suggest that steeper nutrient gradients may exist in the TMJ disc and it may be vulnerable to pathological events that impede nutrient supply.
Effective topic modeling for email

Emails have been increasingly popular and have become an indispensible tool for communication and document exchange. Because of its convenience, people use emails every day at work, at school, and for personal matters. Consequently, the number of emails people receive daily keeps on increasing, causing them to spend more time organizing the emails. People often need to classify and move email into folders so that they can go back and read them later. Most email client tools available today allow the users to filter and organize emails by defining rules on how to handle incoming emails. However, this manual process requires users to know their expected emails very well, and to make good use of these tools users need to understand how filtering rules work and how to apply them correctly. In reality, most users do not know what their incoming emails will be. The work described in this paper aims to take the burden of organizing emails away from users by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) [10] to automatically extract topics from emails and group them into folders of common topics. Experiments have shown that the proposed method is able to correctly group emails in appropriate topics with 77% accuracy.
The effects of a medializing calcaneal osteotomy with and without superior translation on Achilles tendon elongation and plantar foot pressures.

Background: The medial calcaneal osteotomy (MCO) is a frequently used corrective procedure for posterior tibial tendon (PTT) insufficiency; however, patients often complain of lateral foot pain pos...
The Real Truth About Death Panels: Comparative Effectiveness Research and the Health Reform Legislation

The current debate over health reform has been intense and highly polarizing. In 2009, it was dominated by a brouhaha over death panels and talk of government rationing and domination of health care. I will begin my remarks by addressing the provisions of the health reform legislation that precipitated the talk of death panels and the like. Specifically, I will talk about the comparative effectiveness research initiative, which is at the root of the brouhaha over death panels. Then, I will explore the central question of whether comparative effectiveness research really is a contribution to true health reform and can achieve the critical goal of controlling health care costs.
Dermatopathology, then and now – have we travelled?

James Bond is not the only one that turned 50 in 2013 [101]. This year also marks the 50th anniversary of the American Society of Dermatopathology, which sets the theme for this editorial. Is derma...
Atom transfer radical polymerized MR fluids

Abstract A novel magnetorheological fluid, in which the surface of iron particles is coated with poly(butyl acrylate) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), is investigated. The polymer coating procedure includes two steps, which are immobilization of initiator: 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)-ethyltrichlorosilane (CTCS) on the iron particles' surface and graft polymerization of butyl acrylate from the surface. The surface coating is characterized by FTIR and SEM. This magnetorheological fluid has controllable off-state viscosity and high shear yield stress. Coating polymer on the iron particles' surface by ATRP can significantly reduce iron particles' settling and improve stability of the MR fluid. Glass transition temperature is obtained using the step-scan DSC method. The molecular weight and conversion can be controlled by the molar ratio of monomer to initiator, reaction temperature and time. The reaction is first order determined by the plot of ln[M]0/[M] against polymerization time.
Two-center holographic recording in highly doped LiNbO3 crystals

In this paper, we report the observation of electron tunneling during two-center recording in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn doped with high Fe concentration. Unlike tunneling in the singly doped lithium niobate that erases the hologram, the effect in two-center recording can improve the diffraction efficiency of the hologram after the recording while it is kept in the dark. A detailed study of this effect in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn is presented both theoretically and experimentally. We show that the hologram strength may increase or decrease due to tunneling, depending on the experimental condition of recording.
Microalbuminuria: What Is It? Why Is It Important? What Should Be Done About It? An Update

Microalbuminuria (MA) is defined as a persistent elevation of albumin in the urine of >30 to 20 to 300 mg/d. Data support the concept that the presence of MA is the kidney's warning that there is a problem with the vasculature. The presence of MA is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk. MA can be reduced, and progression to overt proteinuria prevented, by aggressive blood pressure reduction, especially with a regimen based on medications that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and control of diabetes. The National Kidney Foundation recommends that blood pressure levels be maintained at or below 130/80 mm Hg in anyone with diabetes or kidney disease.
Multi‐modal systems design: A concern for the issues that matter

Many social systems in the past and in the present have evinced a lack of humanity. This may be attributed, at least in part, to the reductionistic ideas that have underpinned social design. These ideas have failed to see the multi-modal character of human life, and as such, ignore the things that matter the most to mankind, such as love, faith and purpose. These operate in their own modalities and cannot be understood on the basis of economics, logic, physics or any other modal sphere. An alternative approach to social design takes advantage of the homomorphism that exists between modalities, by transducing the order of one modality into another. If applied, this approach would lead to a more humane design of social systems.
Double Chooz: Results and Perspectives

Abstract The Double Chooz experiment has been observing ν ¯ e from two reactor cores at the Chooz nuclear power station in Ardennes, France, with a single 10.3 m 3 fiducial volume Gd-doped liquid scintillator detector at a flux-weighted average baseline of ∼1050 m. This article reviews results achieved with a detector live time of 227.93 days and exposure of 33.71 GW-ton-years. A total of 8,249 candidate ν ¯ e events have been observed, compared to an expected 8,937 events in the null-oscillation case: this deficit is interpreted as evidence for ν ¯ e disappearance. A fit to the observed neutrino rate and spectral shape gives a best-fit value of sin 2 ( 2 θ 13 ) = 0.109 ± 0.030 ( stat. ) ± 0.025 ( syst. ) at a mass-squared splitting of Δ m 31 2 = 2.32 × 10 − 3 eV 2 . The null-oscillation hypothesis is excluded by the data at 99.8% CL (2.9σ). The Double Chooz Near Detector is under construction, and analysis efforts to measure neutrino directionality, test Lorentz violation, and measure backgrounds in situ are underway.
Stress corrosion cracking of an elastic plate

Abstract Using methods of reversible and irreversible thermodynamics we explore a stress driven corrosion of elastic plate, the substance of which shows an ability to mass rearrangement. It is demonstrated that the plate-like approach considerably simplifies theoretical analysis of the stress driven rearrangement instability as compared with a more general analysis based on three-dimensional (3D) elasticity theory. Actually, a plate-like approach changes the type of the nonlinearity in the problem leading to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) within a fixed domain of independent variables whereas the 3D approach is based on the equations of linear elasticity within an unknown (variable) domain. Only one mechanism of rearrangement—surface diffusion—is taken into account. We also limit ourselves with the simplest model of the plate ignoring the bending energy and the out-of-plane component of the displacements.
Clearance of Injected Heparin from the Blood

HEPARIN is an extremely potent inhibitor of blood coagulation, and it is on the basis of this property that it has been widely accepted in the clinical treatment of thrombosis1. It is a sulphur-containing mucopolysaccharide which is naturally present in a number of animal tissues, the highest concentration being found in liver and lung2 and very minute amounts in the blood3. When heparin is injected into the bloodstream, its anticoagulant activity manifests itself immediately ; however, this effect is lost within a comparatively short period of time. The problem as to the fate of the administered heparin and its concentration in blood at different intervals after injection is therefore of considerable importance from a pharmacological and physiological point of view. Previous studies on the metabolism of heparin presented some difficulty, since the concentrations involved were minute and the possibility always existed of contamination by other sulphated mucopolysaccharides. The preparation in this laboratory of heparin labelled4 with sulphur-35 opened the possibility for tracing and quantitatively determining minute amounts of heparin in various tissues. The present communication is a report on the determination of heparin in blood subsequent to its administration as the labelled product. The correlation is shown between this concentration and the clotting time.
Critical temperature shifts in thin polymer blend films

We present the first comprehensive theory for the phase behavior of thin polymer blend films. Based on the Landau–Ginzburg free energy functional, our mean field analysis incorporates the influence of finite size effects and surface interactions, and explicitly considers surface segregation. The procedure for calculating the full phase diagram is provided. In symmetric blends with neutral surfaces, the reduced critical temperature shifts t are obtained in exact analytical forms. Our predictions are in good agreement with our simulations. For polymers with N≳100 (N being the polymerization index) in films much thinner than fully extended chain dimensions Nl, a unique scaling behavior t∝L−1 (i.e., the inverse film critical temperature depends linearly on 1/L) is found. When L≫Nl, an Ising‐type behavior t∝N0.59L−1.59 is expected.
Blockade by antidepressants and related compounds of biogenic amine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes: most antidepressants selectively block norepinephrine uptake

Abstract Inhibitor constants (K i 's) for blocking uptake of [ 3 H]norepinephrine, [ 3 H]serotonin, and [ 3 H]dopamine into synaptosomal preparations of rat brain were determined for 25 antidepressants and putative antidepressants, some neuroleptics, stimulants, antihistamines and other monoamines. With K i 's we could directly and definitely compare the relative potencies of a drug at the three processes. Eighteen or 72% of the antidepressants (including tertiary amine tricyclics) were more potent at blocking uptake of norepinephrine than at blocking uptake of serotonin. Considering all three biogenic amines, 17 antidepressants were selective for blocking [ 3 H]norepinephrine uptake, one (bupropion) was selective although weak for blocking [ 3 H]dopamine uptake, and the remainder were selective for blocking [ 3 H]serotonin uptake. The neuroleptics chlorpromazine and promazine were relatively potent at blocking uptake of [ 3 H]norepinephrine and some tricyclic antidepressants (notably, trimipramine and butriptyline) were very weak at blocking any biogenic amine uptake.