cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warning Against Faking on a Personality Test: Effects on Applicant Reactions and Personality Test Scores

To reduce faking on personality tests, applicants may be warned that a social desirability scale is embedded in the test. Although this procedure has been shown to substantially reduce faking, there is no data that addresses how such a warning may influence applicant reactions toward the selection procedure or the relationships among personality constructs. Using an organizational justice framework, this study examines the effect of warning on procedural justice perceptions. Additionally, the extent to which warning changes the relationships among personality variables, socially desirable responding, and organizational justice variables, was explored. The results suggest that warning did not negatively affect test-taker reactions. However, the relationships among the justice measures and the personality variables and socially desirable responding differed across the warned and unwarned groups. The organizational justice model fit best and there was less multicollinearity among the personality variables in the warned condition, compared to the unwarned condition. Thus, providing a warning appears to have positive consequences when using personality measures.
FATTY ACIDS OF THE BRAIN IN PHENYLKETONURIA.

I N T R O D U C T I O N IN THE past several years, the nature of the enzymic defect associated with phenylketonuria (PKU) has been well defined (JERVIS, 1947; UDENFRIEND and BESSMAN, 1953; WALLACE, MOLDAVE and MEISTER, 1957; MITOMA, AULD and UDENFRIEND, 1957 ; KAUFMAN, 1961). However, a direct relationship between the absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the liver and mental deficiency remains to be demonstrated. Hypotheses relating the biochemical defect to the disease generally invoke competitive inhibition of an enzyme system by increased concentrations of one or more metabolites of the alternative pathways of phenylalanine metabolism (KNOX, 1960; PERRY, 1962). One characteristic of PKU is the irreversibility of the mental defect when dietary therapy is instituted after infancy. These early years are a period of active myelination. The possibility that PKU involves abnormal lipid metabolism is strengthened by reports of demyelination associated with PKU (ALVORD, STEVENSON, VOGEL and ENGLE, 1950; SCHOLZ, 1957; POSER and BOGAERT, 1959; CROME, TYMMS and WOOLF, 1962). Other cogent arguments for a lipid defect in this disease have been reviewed (KNOX, 1960, 1961). From the biochemical standpoint, a lipid disorder in PKU is suggested by the following: 1. Phenylacetic acid, a metabolite of phenylalanine, is present in increased amounts in PKU serum. The activation of phenylacetic acid to phenylacetyl CoA has been demonstrated in human liver (MOLDAVE and MEISTER, 1957). More recently, acylation of ethanolamine with phenylacetic acid, presumably via the CoA derivative, has been demonstrated (COLODZIN, BACHUR, WEISSBACH and UDENFRIEND, 1963). 2. The well known oxidation of w-phenyl fatty acids (KNOOP, 1904), together with the known reversibility of /3-oxidation (LYNEN, 1955), suggests that a phenyl fatty acid derivative such as phenylacetyl CoA may be lengthened by addition of 2-carbon units. 3. Fatty acid synthesis via malonyl CoA requires an end group of acetyl CoA which can to some extent be substituted. For example, propionyl CoA results in the formation of odd-numbered fatty acids (HORNING, MARTIN, KARMEN and VAGELOS, 1961 ; BRADY, BRADLEY and TRAMS, 1960; VAGELOS et al., 1961 ; WAKIL, 1961 ; HAJRA and RADIN, 1962). Also terminal branched-chain fatty acids are formed from branchedchain precursors (LENNARZ, 1961 ; HORNING et al., 1961 ; VAGELOS et al., 1961). These observations suggested that in PKU, w-phenyl fatty acids are formed as a result of an elevated phenylacetate concentration in the body. The derived fatty acids
Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxyurea in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV‐1‐Infected Patients

Hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the activity of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs. A significant complication of AIDS is invasion of the virus into the CNS, resulting in HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Because of the polar nature of these nucleosides and the presence of efflux pumps in the blood-brain barrier, only low CNS drug concentrations are achieved. Introduction of hydroxyurea into the CNS may therefore increase the antiviral activity of these drugs. This study evaluates the accessibility of hydroxyurea to the CNS following oral drug administration. Twelve HIV patients received 800 mg, 1000 mg, or 1200 mg oral hydroxyurea. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma drug concentrations were measured over 8 hours and simultaneously fitted to a pharmacokinetic model. It was determined that CSF hydroxyurea concentrations, corresponding to those found to increase antiretroviral nucleoside activity in vitro, were achieved.
High‐latitude proton precipitation and light ion density profiles during the magnetic storm initial phase

Measurements of precipitating protons and light ion densities by experiments on Ogo 4 indicate that widespread proton precipitation occurs in predawn hours during the magnetic storm initial phase from the latitude of the high-latitude ion trough, or plasmapause, up to latitudes greater than 75 deg. A softening of the proton spectrum is apparent as the plasmapause is approached. The separation of the low-latitude precipitation boundaries for 7.3-keV and 23.8-keV protons is less than about 1 deg, compared with a 3.6-deg separation that has been computed by using the formulas of Gendrin and Eather and Carovillano. Consideration of probable proton drift morphology leads to the conclusion that protons are injected in predawn hours, widespread precipitation occurring in the region outside the plasmapause. Protons less energetic than 7 keV drift eastward, whereas the more energetic protons drift westward, producing the observed dawn-dusk asymmetry for the lower-energy protons.
Optical materials and coatings at 157 nm

We update previously reported results on the absorption of optical materials and coatings for use in 157 nm based optical projection system. New results include the transmissions spectrum of a modified from of fused silica with suitable initial transmission for use as a mask substrate. We also report on a more systematic study of the effects of surface contaminants on optical components at 157 nm. We have modified our vacuum spectrometer to allow in- situ cleaning to enable a closer examination of purging requirements and cleaning procedures.
The Commodity Clause Legislation and the Anthracite Railroads

The commodity clause legislation, 579. — Course of clause through Congress, 581. — Its effect on the anthracite railroads, 586. — The Philadelphia and Reading Railway, 588. — The Lehigh Valley Railroad, 591. — The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 594. — The Delaware and Hudson Company, 595. — Difficulties in complying with clause, 596. — Extent of compliance, 598. — Attempt to suspend penalties, 599. — Proposed amendment of the clause, 600. — Government prosecution, 601. — Decision of the Supreme Court, 602. — Further efforts to amend the clause, 605. — Effect of the Supreme Court decision, 607. — Organization of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Coal Company, 607. — Readjustment of the affairs of the Delaware and Hudson Company, 610. — Another Supreme Court decision, 611. — Organization of the Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Company, 613. — Conclusion, 614.
On the interdependence between kinetics of friction-released thermal energy and the transition in wear mechanisms during sliding of metallic pairs

Abstract Sliding of complying solids is often associated with the release of thermal energy. This energy accumulates within the mechanically affected zone (MAZ) of the rubbing pair. The accumulation of thermal energy within the MAZ tends to maximize the potential energy at the interface. Now, since a maximized potential energy renders the sliding system unstable, one (or both) materials will respond in a manner that consumes (dissipates) part or all of the accumulated energy in order to re-establish system stability or at least equilibrium. The material response may be in many forms: oxidation, crack initiation, wear debris generation, transition in wear mechanism, etc. As such, one may consider that these processes are intrinsic responses by the material to dissipate energy. Moreover, many of these responses are triggered at different stages of rubbing according to the balance between the rate of external thermal energy release (which is a factor of the nominal operation parameters) and the rate of thermal energy accumulation—RTEA (which is mainly a function of thermal transport properties of the rubbing pair). An interesting feature of this view is that the later quantity—RTEA—is directly related to the ability of the particular solid to dissipate thermal loads. This quantity, which is termed here as the heat dissipation capacity (HDC), is directly related to the state of blockage of energy dissipation paths within the rubbing solid. The objective of this paper is therefore to study the relation between the change in the HDC of a sliding solid and the transition in the mechanism of wear. It is shown that there exists an inverse correlation between the change in the HDC and the transition in the mechanism of wear. Moreover, it is also shown that a so-called ratio of residual heat (RRH, representing the ratio between the actual thermal load and the part of that load that is not dissipated by the solid) is a significant parameter that influences the magnitude and mechanism of wear. The findings are applied to explain the wear behavior of two tribo systems: a titanium (Ti–6Al–4V) sliding on itself and sliding on a steel (AISI M2) counterpart.
Statistical Modeling of MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Underwater Channels

This paper proposes a geometry-based statistical model for wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) shallow-water acoustic (SWA) multipath fading channels. Based on the reference model, the corresponding MIMO time-frequency correlation function, Doppler power spectral density, and delay cross-power spectral density are derived. These statistics are important tools for the design and performance analysis of MIMO M-to-M SWA communication and sonar systems. Finally, the derived statistics are compared with the experimentally obtained channel statistics, and close agreement is observed.
The Friedel-Crafts reactivity of (η5-cyclopentadienyl) dicarbonylcobalt

Abstract (η5-Cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylcobalt undergoes Friedel-Crafts acylation with both organic and organometallic acid chlorides, including acetyl, benzoyl, p-toluoyl, p-anisoyl and 2-naphtthoyl chlorides, and chloroformylferrocene as well as 1,1′-di(chloroformyl)ferrocene. The resulting ketones react with triphenylphosphine to afford the corresponding carbonyl-phosphine analogs. IR and NMR spectral features of the new compounds are discussed.
The clinical relevance of autoantibodies in scleroderma

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is associated with several autoantibodies, each of which is useful in the diagnosis of affected patients and in determining their prognosis. Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) and anti-Scl-70 antibodies are very useful in distinguishing patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) from healthy controls, from patients with other connective tissue disease, and from unaffected family members. Whereas ACA often predict a limited skin involvement and the absence of pulmonary involvement, the presence of anti-Scl-70 antibodies increases the risk for diffuse skin involvement and scleroderma lung disease. Anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies (which share significant serologic overlap with anti-U3-ribonucleoprotein antibodies) and anti-RNA-polymerase autoantibodies occur less frequently and are also predictive of diffuse skin involvement and systemic disease. Anti-Th/To and PM-Scl, in contrast, are associated with limited skin disease, but anti-Th/To might be a marker for the development of pulmonary hypertension. Other autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens have less specificity for SSc, including anti-Ro, which is a risk factor for sicca symptoms in patients with SSc, and anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein, which in high titer is seen in patients with SSc/systemic lupus erythematosus/polymyositis overlap syndromes. Limited reports of other autoantibodies (anti-Ku, antiphospholipid) have not established them as being clinically useful in following patients with SSc.
Activation of SOCS-3 by Resistin

Resistin is an adipocyte hormone that modulates glucose homeostasis. Here we show that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resistin attenuates multiple effects of insulin, including insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation, IR substrate 1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate production, and activation of protein kinase B/Akt. Remarkably, resistin treatment markedly induces the gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), a known inhibitor of insulin signaling. The 50% effective dose for resistin induction of SOCS-3 is approximately 20 ng/ml, close to levels of resistin in serum. Association of SOCS-3 protein with the IR is also increased by resistin. Inhibition of SOCS function prevented resistin from antagonizing insulin action in adipocytes. SOCS-3 induction is the first cellular effect of resistin that is independent of insulin and is a likely mediator of resistin's inhibitory effect on insulin signaling in adipocytes.
Effect of thyroid hormone on human serum ribonuclease.

Human serum ribonuclease activity was found to be significantly elevated in the sera of hyperthyroid patients as compared with sera from normal and myxedematous individuals. The administration of thyroid hormone to a patient with myxedema caused a prompt elevation of serum ribonuclease activity, and the enzyme levels in hyperthyroid patients were reduced to normal when adequate treatment was instituted. The serum ribonuclease was inhibited by heating and heparin in the same manner as was bovine crystalline ribonuclease. Two peaks of alkaline ribonuclease activity were found when human serum was subjected to electrophoresis on starch blocks. These findings are discussed briefly.
A systematic design of microstrip-to-CPS transition for 60-GHz package applications

This paper discusses a systematic design of a MS-to-CPS transition (or balun) that has good impedance match and low insertion loss, and maintains phase and amplitude balance, which are important for many mmWave applications. Phase and amplitude balance are not discussed in previous MS-to-CPS transition studies.
Regional perfusion: Current sophistication, what next?†

A review of the development of regional chemotherapy by perfusion is presented. Techniques have been developed for most regions of the body. Early response rates ranged from 48% for glioblastoma and 55% with carcinoma to 67% with soft tissue sarcoma and 84% with melanoma. By 1984, 1325 patients had been perfused 1509 times. The best responses have occurred with melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs. Thus, at 10 years, the cumulative overall survival for Stage I melanoma of the limbs, combining regional perfusion and conservative excisional surgery, was 77%. The best results occurred in female patients with upper-limb disease (83%), and the poorest results were in male patients with lower-limb disease (53%). The overall 10-year survival for regional melanoma was 41%, ranging from 23% for in-transit metastases to 51% for patients with positive regional nodes treated by perfusion and regional lymph node dissection. The 10-year survival for perfusion and limb-sparing excision for soft tissue sarcoma was 65%. Advantages and complications are presented and discussed. Questions and plans for the future are reviewed.
Consent, Voluntary Jurisdiction and Native Political Agency in Bartolomé de Las Casas' Final Writings

Relying on the principles of Natural law and the medieval juridical glosses on the Ius commune, this study examines Las Casas' final political proposals. It argues that the core of his late writings restores the Roman law concept of Voluntary jurisdiction and applies it to solving the entangled situation of the Indies in which the jurisdictional domains of the Church, the Spanish crown and the Amerindian polities had converged. Consent given freely and without pressure by every individual in Amerindian societies emerges as the only principle that would grant legitimacy to the Spanish presence in the Indies. By laying this conceptual groundwork, Las Casas enabled Amerindian and Spanish intellectuals to think beyond the Ius belli criteria.
Importance of psychosocial status in secondary prevention and rehabilitation of coronary artery disease

Lifestyle and behavioral factors play a major part in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Rehabilitation and secondary prevention of CHD must likewise consider behavioral and lifestyle chan- ge as adjuncts to other therapies. Principal among the psychosocial factors are depression, anxiety and anger/hostility. Related to these negative emotions, a distressed personality style (type-D) in which both negative emotion and social inhibition are present represents a psychosocial risk factor. In addition, social experience, both in the resources available through social networks and the subjective experience of isolation, is related to both the onset and course of CHD. Psychosocial interventions have been found to be effective in rehabilitation and secondary prevention. Finally, a case is made that all professionals working in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention should be knowled- geable in the psychological constructs of motivation and readiness for behavioral change. The widely employed transtheoretical model of change is presented as an example of the need for interventions to be developed that recognize patients' difference in the readiness for change. Abstract
The Virtues: A Theological Analysis

There is no single best way to think about or explicate the concept of virtue; there are many perspectives which may be useful for one who seeks to understand or (what is far harder) develop virtue. But one way, a way which both affirms the importance of the virtuous life and challenges our attachment to virtue, is the way of theological analysis. It is from that perspective, from the viewpoint of a Christian theologian, that I seek to consider the place of virtues in the moral life — to appreciate both the self-mastery which the virtues promise, but also the sense in which for the Christian it is always dangerous to think of our virtue as a possession.
Finite Systems Studies and the Mechanism of High Tc

I discuss results of exact and Monte Carlo calculations of models for the oxide superconductors. These results show that magnetic mechanisms are highly unlikely to lead to high temperature superconductivity. A Cu-O charge-transfer excitation is found to be a possible mechanism for pairing of oxygen holes, if the parameters are right. However, the body of experimental results and our results from small systems point to another, novel and highly universal mechanism for superconductivity in these and other materials.
Asian American Intermarriage

SUMMARY This paper describes the therapeutic process of an interracial couple: an Asian American woman and a White American man. The intent of this therapy was to broaden the conversational space and encourage the couple to explore the effects of cultural beliefs and practices on their relationship. The therapist introduced two approaches for evoking the couple's interest in sharing narratives about their individual and couple racial identity. One approach was to have the couple interview their partner's “internalized other.” The other approach used two research studies to stimulate conversation about outmarriage with Asian Americans. This case study offers an account of two different ways individual narratives and shared conversational space can be expanded.
Inferring marine sediment type using chirp sonar data: Atlantis field, Gulf of Mexico

Sediment-type profiling is important for geohazards and marine geology studies. Usually this data can only be acquired by coring, which is not only expensive and time consuming, but also sparsely distributed. This paper estimates the marine sediment type with a two-step procedure: First, we perform an envelop-inversion on chirp sonar data to build the acoustic impedance profile of the sub-bottom. Unlike the seismic envelop-inversion, which is used mostly for building the background model from later waveform inversion, chirp sonar envelop-inversion is able to invert the impedance profile with the same resolution as chirp data itself. This is due to the nature of chirp sonar data compressing in the chirp processor. The field data test of the envelop-inversion agrees with the coring measurement well. Then, we use empirical equations to retrieve the marine sediment characters from inverted impedance profile. The mean grain size profile, sand percentage profile is matched with sediment type. The field data test shows the resulting pseudo-coring agrees with real coring measurement nicely. Performing this process trace by trace will give us the whole sediment type profile. All the field data in this paper is from Atlantis field, Guld of Mexico (Custody of BP Exploration).
Effect of Swingle's Extract upon Lactation in the Adrenalectomized White Rat:

ConclusionsConclusion. The substance necessary to maintain lactation in the white rat is absent in cortical extract made after the method of Swingle.
A comparison of feature selection methods for machine learning based automatic malarial cell recognition in wholeslide images

This paper aims at investigating the best feature selection method for optimized and automated machine learning based detection of malarial parasite in wholeslide images of peripheral blood smears. We do this by extracting samples from the wholeslide images and performing feature extraction. A host of feature selection methods are used to judge the performance of the Support Vector Machine as a binary classifier. For each feature selection method, the Support Vector Machine is trained using the significant features. We perform cross-validation and grid-search for finding the best SVM parameters. The trained SVM is subsequently used to classify known instances of "Normal" and "Infected" samples that are taken randomly from the wholeslide image but unknown to the SVM. Confusion matrices are generated for each classification performed. Various performance measures of each classification task are reported. We conclude that based on our experiments, the binary SVM classifier yields a superlative accuracy of 95.5% if the feature-selection is based on Kullback-Leibler distance between the two classes.
Theory of how to increase NSP kiln output and the practice

High quality,high output and low consumption are alaways the orientation of cement industry development. Based on cement chemistry theory and production practice, Two ways--increasing calcination temperature and speeding rotation speed, to increase the output of NSP kiln are discussed. In the real production process, for increasing calcination temperature, we can strengthen the quality of coal, use new type of multi-channel coal dust burner pipe and adopt thick material bed operation, et al. And for early NSP kiln, we can decrease excitation, use frequency variable speed regulation instead, replace reducer and primary gear, et al.to speed the rotation speed.
What can you do to improve the environment

Medicine has a dual obligation concerning the environment: (1) to supply laboratory and clinical research to document harmful effects on the environment, and (2) to encourage changes in the environment to reduce or eliminate adverse health effects. This article presents individual and group actions for the improvement of the environment. The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery has developed a medical office pledge, "The Greening of Our Office for Improvement of Our Environment." Physicians are encouraged to agree to certain principles for environmental improvement.
Correlation of Insurance, Race, and Ethnicity with Pathologic Risk in a Controlled Retinoblastoma Cohort: A Children's Oncology Group Study.

Purpose To determine whether insurance status, race, and ethnicity correlate with increased retinoblastoma invasiveness as a marker of both risk and time to diagnosis. Design Retrospective case-control study. Participants All 203 patients from the United States enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) trial ARET0332, a study of patients with unilateral retinoblastoma requiring enucleation. Main Outcome Measures All surgical specimens underwent pathologic review to determine the presence of well-defined histopathologic features correlating with a higher risk of disease progression. Insurance status, race, and ethnicity were compiled from the study record for each patient. Results On institutional pathologic review, nonprivate insurance, nonwhite race, and Hispanic ethnicity all correlated significantly with a greater rate of high-risk pathologic findings. Hispanic ethnicity remained a significant predictor on multivariate analysis. On central pathologic review, these correlations remained but did not reach statistical significance. The differences in results from institutional versus central pathologic reviews appeared to be due to a higher likelihood of patients in minority groups of being misclassified as high risk by institutional pathologists. Conclusions In this controlled study population of patients with retinoblastoma who had central pathologic review, our findings suggest a higher rate of more advanced disease associated with nonprivate insurance, nonwhite race, and Hispanic ethnicity; these findings may be due to delays in diagnosis for these groups. Future work should use direct methods to study the impact of other variables, including English-language proficiency and socioeconomic status. Further effort also should focus on where in the diagnostic process potential delays exist, so that interventions can be designed to overcome barriers to care for these groups. In addition, potential systematic differences in pathologic reads based on demographic variables deserve further study.
The Changing Landscape of Academic Publishing Two Librarians’ Perspectives

When it comes to library collections, it is critical that we not confuse means with ends. The purpose of the library is not to have a great collection; the purpose of the library is to meet the teaching, learning, and research needs of those it was established to serve. The collection is a tool that we use in pursuit of that goal, but it is not the only tool, and the collection itself is certainly not the goal. One problem with building collections (as traditionally understood) is that it involves guesswork, trying to guess ahead of time which exact books, journals, and databases our users will need. But inevitably, we guess wrong. We are very good at selecting relevant and high-quality books but not very good at selecting the exact titles that our patrons will need. So in many libraries, we have been moving aggressively in the direction of what is called patron-driven or demand-driven acquisition: We put records in the catalog for electronic books that we have not yet purchased, and purchase is driven by the actual use of those books. Even better, the process of purchase is completely transparent to the patron, so the only thing the patron experiences is access to a much larger collection of titles than we could possibly offer by preemptive purchase. The result is not likely to be a better collection (in terms of coherence and completeness), but if the result is that our patrons are better able to do their teaching, learning, and research, then many librarians will consider that to be an acceptable tradeoff. The model that built the great research collections was a reflection of the limitations of the print world. When print runs for scholarly monographs were modest and moving individual books from one institution to another was time …
Modulation of vascular smooth muscle sensitivity by preload and eicosanoid synthesis inhibition

An increase in preload from 0.75 to 10 g caused an increase in the sensitivity of rabbit aortic strips to phenylephrine, serotonin, and KCl. Several eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors were utilized to determine whether production of endogenous eicosanoids contributed to the change in muscle sensitivity. Quinacrine (10 microM), indomethacin (10 and 50 micrograms/ml), meclofenamate (50 and 100 micrograms/ml), 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA, 50 and 100 micrograms/ml), and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, 10 microM) all shifted the concentration-response curves of various agonists to the right, indicating a decrease in the sensitivity of the muscle to these agents. Thromboxane synthesis inhibition by 1 microM (E)-3-[4-(1-imidazolylmethyl]phenyl-2-propenoate (OKY 046) exerted no effect on sensitivity. Indomethacin at both concentrations caused a parallel shift in the high and low preloaded strips but was unable to alter the influence of preload on sensitivity. A similar effect was observed with the lower concentrations of meclofenamate and ETA. NDGA and higher concentrations of meclofenamate and ETA not only shifted the sensitivity in both high and low preloaded strips but also eliminated the preload effect. These results indicate that cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites both alter aortic smooth muscle sensitivity to contractile agents and suggest that lipoxygenase metabolites may play a role in the change in sensitivity seen with preload.
Evaluation of the biochemical effects produced in vivo by inhibitors of the three enzymes involved in norepinephrine biosynthesis.

Inhibitors of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, and dopamine-β-oxidase have been compared with respect to the in vivo conversion of tyrosine-14C and dopa-3H to norepinephrine. Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors were found to be the most effective in blocking formation of norepinephrine from tyrosine-14C. The lowering of norepinephrine levels in guinea pig tissues by α-methyltyrosine was found to be directly related to the degree of inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase. Furthermore, with α-methyltyrosine, the measured inhibition of norepinephrine synthesis from tyrosine was found to be exactly the same as the calculated inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase. This could be true only if tyrosine hydroxylase were the rate-limiting step in the overall biosynthesis of norepinephrine. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work of R. G. was supported by a Public Health Service Training Grant 51, GM26 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, and is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. in Pharmacology at George Washington University.
Business Models in Digital Pathology

Digital pathology is either a disruptive technology offering orders of magnitude-type improvements or a potentially disruptive tool that existing economic and business models co-opt to attain marginal improvements in existing service paradigms. The value offered by digital pathology is reviewed from the viewpoints of each of the major stakeholders. Current approaches to monetizing the value added by digital pathology are presented, along with a discussion of the issues regarding return on investment and how stakeholder benefits can be shared more globally to subsidize costs incurred more locally or asymmetrically. Other business model approaches to capturing value that manufacturers, users and consumers might follow are mentioned.
Circuit-Private Multi-key FHE

Multi-key fully homomorphic encryption MFHE schemes allow polynomially many users without trusted setup assumptions to send their data encrypted under different FHE keys chosen by users independently of each other to an honest-but-curious server that can compute the output of an arbitrary polynomial-time computable function on this joint data and issue it back to all participating users for decryption. One of the main open problems left in MFHE was dealing with malicious users without trusted setup assumptions. We show how this can be done, generalizing previous results of circuit-private FHE. Just like standard circuit-private FHE, our security model shows that even if both ciphertexts and public keys of individual users are not well-formed, no information is revealed regarding the server computation--other than that gained from the output on some well-formed inputs of all users. MFHE schemes have direct applications to server-assisted multiparty computation MPC, called on-the-fly MPC, introduced by Lopez-Alt et al. STOC '12, where the number of users is not known in advance. In this setting, a poly-time server wants to evaluate a circuit C on data uploaded by multiple clients and encrypted under different keys. Circuit privacy requires that users' work is independent of |C| held by the server, while each client learns nothing about C other than its output. We present a framework for transforming MFHE schemes with no circuit privacy into maliciously circuit-private schemes. We then construct 3-round on-the-fly MPC with circuit privacy against malicious clients in the plain model.
Toll-like receptor 3 activation selectively reverses HIV latency in microglial cells

Multiple toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in cells of the monocytic lineage, including microglia, which constitute the major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the brain. We hypothesized that TLR receptor mediated responses to inflammatory conditions by microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are able to induce latent HIV proviruses, and contribute to the etiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Newly developed human microglial cell lines (hµglia), obtained by immortalizing human primary microglia with simian virus-40 (SV40) large T antigen and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase, were used to generate latently infected cells using a single-round HIV virus carrying a green fluorescence protein reporter (hµglia/HIV, clones HC01 and HC69). Treatment of these cells with a panel of TLR ligands showed surprisingly that two potent TLR3 agonists, poly (I:C) and bacterial ribosomal RNA potently reactivated HIV in hμglia/HIV cells. LPS (TLR4 agonist), flagellin (TLR5 agonist), and FSL-1 (TLR6 agonist) reactivated HIV to a lesser extent, while Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1 agonist) and HKLM (TLR2 agonist) only weakly reversed HIV latency in these cells. While agonists for TLR2/1, 4, 5 and 6 reactivated HIV through transient NF-κB induction, poly (I:C), the TLR3 agonist, did not activate NF-κB, and instead induced the virus by a previously unreported mechanism mediated by IRF3. The selective induction of IRF3 by poly (I:C) was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. In comparison, in latently infected rat-derived microglial cells (hT-CHME-5/HIV, clone HC14), poly (I:C), LPS and flagellin were only partially active. The TLR response profile in human microglial cells is also distinct from that shown by latently infected monocyte cell lines (THP-1/HIV, clone HA3, U937/HIV, clone HUC5, and SC/HIV, clone HSCC4), where TLR2/1, 4, 5, 6 or 8, but not for TLR3, 7 or 9, reactivated HIV. TLR signaling, in particular TLR3 activation, can efficiently reactivate HIV transcription in infected microglia, but not in monocytes or T cells. The unique response profile of microglial cells to TLR3 is fundamental to understanding how the virus responds to continuous microbial exposure, especially during inflammatory episodes, that characterizes HIV infection in the CNS.
Invisible: A Critical Digital Artwork as Performance

This paper demonstrates Invisible, a critical digital artwork as performance in a conceptual framework derived from performance studies. Invisible exemplifies how digital art can reflect and influence critical thinking by focusing on three key features of performance studies: constitutive, epistemic, and critical. This intersects with Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in a digital art context, which addresses inspirational roles of digital art.
Data-rate requirements for nonlinear Feedback control

Abstract This paper and talk describe recent research on communication and information processing requirements for implementing nonlinear feedback control laws in applications such as the coordinated motion control of groups of mobile robots. The principal focus is on how the well-known data-rate theorem might be reformulated in the context of essentially nonlinear control problems.
Developmental Trends in Creative Abilities and Potentials

There are two general perspectives on human development. One emphasizes continuities; it holds that development is smooth, gradual, and consistent. The other perspective emphasizes stages or discontinuities. In this view children in different stages think in idiosyncratic ways. The thinking characteristic of one stage of development is supposedly qualitatively different from that of the other stages. Such idiosyncratic thinking tendencies would of course influence everything children do, including their problem solving and more generally their reacting in original and creative ways to particular experiences. Not surprisingly, there are also two general perspectives on development and creativity. One holds that children are incapable of creative work. This difference between children and adults assumes a major developmental discontinuity. The other perspective suggests that children are creative – perhaps even more creative than adults. This possibility can be explained from both continuity and discontinuity perspectives.
The Training of Scientists and Engineers for the Refrigeration Industry: La formation des chercheurs et des ingénieurs pour l'industrie frigorifique

On s'est inquiete, en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, de ce que l'enseignement propose dans les universites americaines tend a la formation de chercheurs plus que d'ingenieurs et de ce que la corporation des ingenieurs sera peut-etre remplacee par une organisation de chercheurs.
Cross-Laminated Timber in the USA: Opportunity for Hardwoods?

In this paper, the authors review the available literature on the manufacture and usage of hardwood cross-laminated timber (CLT) and discuss the technical and economic feasibility of hardwood CLT including procurement issues. CLT is an emerging building system in North America that has attracted the attention of construction professionals, developers, and researchers across the continent, due to its environmental, economic, and esthetic advantages, among others. Today, however, virtually all CLT structures are manufactured using softwoods, yet, there is growing interest in the possibility of manufacturing CLT using a variety of hardwood species. To date, most studies on the feasibility of hardwood CLT are motivated by a desire to find high value-added uses for underutilized or low-valued hardwood species but there is also an interest in benefitting of specific mechanical properties of selected hardwood species. Research on hardwood CLT is scarce, though findings from existing studies suggest that it is technically feasible and the resulting product offers interesting perspectives for specific applications. However, for hardwood CLT to become a reality, the hardwood industry needs to overcome significant challenges, some of which are discussed in this paper.
Transmembrane Domains of Highly Pathogenic Viral Fusion Proteins Exhibit Trimeric Association In Vitro

Enveloped viruses require viral fusion proteins to promote fusion of the viral envelope with a target cell membrane. To drive fusion, these proteins undergo large conformational changes that must occur at the right place and at the right time. Understanding the elements which control the stability of the prefusion state and the initiation of conformational changes is key to understanding the function of these important proteins. The construction of mutations in the fusion protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) or the replacement of these domains with lipid anchors has implicated the TMD in the fusion process. However, the structural and molecular details of the role of the TMD in these fusion events remain unclear. Previously, we demonstrated that isolated paramyxovirus fusion protein TMDs associate in a monomer-trimer equilibrium, using sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. Using a similar approach, the work presented here indicates that trimeric interactions also occur between the fusion protein TMDs of Ebola virus, influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), and rabies virus. Our results suggest that TM-TM interactions are important in the fusion protein function of diverse viral families.IMPORTANCE Many important human pathogens are enveloped viruses that utilize membrane-bound glycoproteins to mediate viral entry. Factors that contribute to the stability of these glycoproteins have been identified in the ectodomain of several viral fusion proteins, including residues within the soluble ectodomain. Although it is often thought to simply act as an anchor, the transmembrane domain of viral fusion proteins has been implicated in protein stability and function as well. Here, using a biophysical approach, we demonstrated that the fusion protein transmembrane domains of several deadly pathogens-Ebola virus, influenza virus, SARS CoV, and rabies virus-self-associate. This observation across various viral families suggests that transmembrane domain interactions may be broadly relevant and serve as a new target for therapeutic development.
Physical-chemical characteristics of J chains obtained from IgM.

Although the subject of these meetings centers around the biology and chemistry of IgA, I would like to summarize some research done with J chains prepared from human Waidenstrom’s IgM. J chains obtained from IgM molecules are, by most criteria, essentially identical to those originating from IgA. In this work IgM was treated with 0. 2 5M Na2SO3 (1) and the J chains were isolated from acrylamide gels after electrophoresis (2).
The political, economic, and organizational sources of terrorism

This chapter organizes the conjectures from a rationalist literature on terrorist organizations, analyzing the strategic issues that they face and the consequences of their actions. From this perspective, terrorism is seen as one of a set of rebel tactics that is chosen in response to changes in five factors: funding, popular support, competition against other rebel groups, the type of regime against which they are fighting, and counterinsurgency tactics. However, once groups adopt terrorist tactics over other, more traditional, tactics of insurgency, terrorism becomes self-perpetuating. This is especially true when the use of terrorist tactics coincides with a shift into underground modes of organization. The value added by this literature, in conjunction with some standard econometric analyses, is that it helps to identify the relevant actors, to reckon their utilities and payoffs, and to highlight different factors that affect when/where/and against whom terrorists strike. However, because the studies under review are not, by and large, written as part of a coherent, self-aware literature, a summary of the conjectures offered in the literature will not lead to an internally consistent body of testable hypotheses. Instead, we use the literature as a jumping off point to suggest a series of broad hypotheses that should serve as a foundation for future theoretical analysis and statistical testing. The emphasis here will be on developing hypotheses to understand why, where, and when civilians are likely to become victims in rebellions.
Principles of antimicrobial therapy.

Abstract Bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, in part because of the sensitive anatomical location of these infections. However, additional factors that contribute to the severity of CNS infections include the reduced permeability of the blood–brain barrier to antimicrobial agents, altered trafficking of immune effector cells into the CNS, and the relative paucity of intrinsic antimicrobial components such as complement and immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid. Clinicians must consider both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters when choosing appropriate antimicrobial regimens for bacterial CNS infections. Important features of effective antimicrobial agents for these infections include bactericidal activity, rapid achievement of bactericidal concentrations, and dosing intervals that account for the relevant pharmacodynamic properties of the antimicrobial agents. This chapter discusses these issues as they relate to bacterial meningitis and brain abscesses in particular, and addresses the role of adjunctive steroid therapy in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
Abstract 2324: Translational Stroke Research: Identification Of A Novel Family Of Natural Product Derived Flavonoid-Based Polyphenols With Potent Pleiotropic Neuroprotective Activity.

Multiple plant (fruits, vegetables) and spice (turmeric)-derived natural products, which have pleiotropic activities (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neurogenic) are also neuroprote...
Empiricists versus Social Constructionists: Time for a Cease-Fire:

The controversy between two sets of social work researchers and theorists has the potential to split the profession into warring camps. Both sides have cloaked their arguments in philosophical cons...
Sharing the Road: Road Users

This chapter explores the definitions of new roles and identities in relation to one’s place on the road and in the automobile. Members of European automobile clubs and newly formed associations of Vietnamese drivers entered competitive and collaborative relationships, the latter circulating car narratives to cut through the racial divide, threatening socio-racial and symbolic hierarchies on which stood the prestige of the former. In order to facilitate the movement of a variety of people and goods on colonial roads, the automobile encouraged the public expression of all its users, thus opening new cultural conduits and the circulation of modern ideas. This chapter focuses on the figure of Duclaux, a French transporter, avid motorist and key actor in the commercial and legal system of automobility in Northern Indochina.
Symptoms in cervical vertigo.

Objective To use a unique, 41-question survey to identify patient features distinguishing cervical vertigo from vestibular causes of vertigo and vestibular migraine. Methods In this study, a unique, 41-question survey was administered to 48 patients diagnosed with cervical vertigo (n = 16), migraine (n = 16), and vestibular vertigo (eg, unilateral vestibular paresis, Meniere's disease) (n = 16) to test the hypothesis that a set of distinct symptoms can characterize cervical vertigo. Responses between the three diagnostic groups were compared to identify questions which differentiated patients based on their symptoms. Results Eight questions were successful in differentiating vestibular vertigo from migraine and cervical vertigo. Symptoms endorsed by subjects with cervical vertigo overlapped substantially with subjects with well-established vestibular disturbances as well as symptoms of subjects with migraine. Twenty-seven percent of cervical vertigo subjects reported having true vertigo, 50% having headache, and 94% having neck pain. Conclusion Lacking knowledge of neck disturbance, the symptoms we elicited in our questionnaire suggest that cervical vertigo subjects may resemble migraine subjects who also have evidence of neck injury. Whether or not subjects with "cervical vertigo" also overlap with other diagnoses defined by a combination of symptoms and exclusion of objective findings such as chronic subjective dizziness and other variants of psychogenic dizziness remain to be established. Level of evidence IV.