cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualization Enhancement of Dentinal Defects by Using Light-Emitting Diode Transillumination.

Abstract Introduction Several recent studies have evaluated the presence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation in extracted human teeth by using the root sectioning methodology. The objective of this research was to investigate whether light-emitting diode (LED) transillumination enhances the visualization of dentinal defects by using a root sectioning methodology. Methods Forty mesial roots of mandibular molars were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low-speed saw under water cooling. Microscopic pictures of the specimens were taken by using ×19.2 magnification for the 3-mm slice and ×12.8 magnification for the 6- and 9-mm slices. The LED transillumination was done by positioning an LED probe at 4 different locations (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual). The root canal lumen was masked, and 2 independent evaluators assessed the presence of dentinal defects on the non-LED and LED images. The number of dentinal defects was recorded, and χ2 test was used for statistical analysis (P Results The number of slices presenting dentinal defects at 3, 6, and 9 mm were 2 (5%), 1 (2.5%), and 1 (2.5%), respectively, for the non-LED assessment and 8 (20%), 10 (25%), and 9 (22.5%), respectively, for the LED assessment. Overall, 4 of the specimens (10%) presented dentinal defects without LED evaluation, and 19 of the specimens (47.5%) presented dentinal defects with LED evaluation. This difference was statistically significant (P Conclusions LED transillumination enhanced the visualization of dentinal defects in uninstrumented roots. The results from previous studies that used the traditional non-LED sectioning methodology should be evaluated with caution.
Female Diplomats in Jewish Elephantine? A New Look at a Papyrus from the Yedaniah Archive*:

This article reexamines a fragmentary Aramaic letter from the Yedaniah communal archive in Elephantine. The document, TAD A4.4, tells a tale of intrigue involving burglaries, arrests, and failed di...
Coronary Thrombolysis with TissueType Plasminogen Activator

Coronary thrombolysis appears to be a prom1smg approach for salvaging jeopardized, ischemic myocardium in patients with evolving myocardial infarction secondary to coronary thrombosis. Tissuetype plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a second-generation thrombolytic agent which exhibits clot-selective activity when used in appropriate doses. However, residual coronary stenosis and reocclusion remain problems that must be addressed in the management of patients undergoing coronary thrombolysis.
Systematic Review of Two Decades (1995 to 2014) of Research on Synchronous Online Learning

ABSTRACTSystematic reviews of literature are studies that strategically search for published research on a specific topic in order to synthesize what is known about the topic. This systematic review describes 157 articles on synchronous online learning (SOL) from thirty-four different countries on instructional setting, content areas, participant demographics, research designs, independent and dependent variables, SOL technologies, and data-collection tools.
Stochasticity among Antibiotic-Resistance Profiles of Common Burn-Related Pathogens over a Six-Year Period.

Abstract Background: One of the most significant contributors to morbidity and death in patients with burns is infection, which accounts for 30%–75% of post-burn fatalities. Because of concerns for the development of antibiotic resistance in burn-related pathogens, the aims of this study were to identify antibiotic resistance trends for the four most common burn-related pathogens over a six-year period. Patients and Methods: The study used prospectively collected and de-identified aggregate data for all burn patients admitted to the burn unit between 2009 and 2014. The database query included patient demographics along with all data regarding cultures from any source (wound, sputum, urine, stool, blood), which included isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance profiles. Profiles were then constructed using mean inhibitory concentration standards to determine whether each pathogen was susceptible (S), intermediate (I), or resistant (R) to each antibiotic. The aggregated data were then used to construct ...
“Where you do it” matters: The impact of hotels’ revenue-management implementation strategies on performance

Abstract This study explores RM strategic implementation approaches, addressing the question of whether the RM function should be performed within the hotel property, or should be outsourced to an outside entity such as corporate, regional office or a third party. Using a random sample of 602 US hotels, the study analyzed the hotels’ RevPAR Index over varying periods and the hotels’ self-reported RM implementation strategy. The findings suggest that hotel characteristics such as size and scale affect their decision on where to perform the RM function. More importantly, we find that this strategic implementation decision impact the hotel’s level of performance compared to its competitive set: corporate and centralized RM functions outperform in-house and third party. Interestingly, the findings indicate that a mixed strategy, one that combines implementation strategies, is associated with the highest RevPAR index.
LESS FREQUENT CAUSES OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

Abstract In the United States, four diseases account for the vast majority of cases of lower intestinal bleeding: arteriovenous malformation, diverticulosis, neoplasms, and internal hemorrhoids. In this article the authors discuss less frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. "Common" less frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding include solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, colonic varices, mesenteric vascular insufficiency, small bowel diverticula, Meckel's diverticulum, aortoenteric fistula, vasculitis, small intestinal ulceration, endometriosis, radiation-induced injury, and intussusception. Less frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding that have been recently described include portal colopathy, diversion colitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding in runners.
Axonal transport of tubulin and actin

Axonal transport is responsible for supplying the axonal processes with proteins that are synthesized in the cell body. Among the proteins that are moved by this mechanism are tubulin and actin, two major components of the cytoskeleton. Observation of the movement of metabolically labeled tubulin and actin in-vivo has demonstrated that tubulin and actin transport are reduced in various diseases and with age, but transport is increased during axonal growth and regeneration. These metabolic studies have also raised questions about the underlying mechanisms of slow axonal transport such as: what is the polymerization state of tubulin and actin during transport, what motors and tracks are responsible for their movement down the axon, and how are the transport motors coupled to tubulin and actin during transport? Since experiments using metabolically labeled tubulin and actin have not effectively addressed these questions, a variety of new in-vitro fluorescent microscopy techniques have been devised to investigate these questions. These fluorescent microscopy experiments have suggested that tubulin can be transported in the unpolymerized soluble state and that such transport of soluble tubulin relies on the presence of formed microtubule tracks. It is not yet known what motor or motors are responsible for tubulin or actin transport in axons or how such a motor(s) might be coupled to such an abundant soluble cargo.
Evaluation of Allograft Fixation

Allografts continue to be used successfully for reconstruction of skeletal defects. The allograft-host bone junction heals slowly; thus, methods of fixation are required which provide the stability needed for union and the durability to withstand complex loading forces over the longer healing time while allowing functional rehabilitation of the reconstructed extremity.
Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome Following Chiari Decompression.

Background Adult tethered cord syndrome is a rare neurologic disorder that classically presents with back or leg pain, weakness, and urinary dysfunction. Spinal cord tethering has been associated with acquired Chiari malformations. Whereas the effects of tethered cord release on Chiari malformation symptoms have been described previously, we report an unusual case of acquired tethered cord syndrome following Chiari decompression. Case Description We report a 68-year-old man with a history of distant T12-level spinal cord injury and 2 weeks of progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness. The patient underwent a T12-L1 laminectomy in 1977, complicated by arachnoiditis and syringomyelia, with eventual placement of a syringopleural shunt. He remained neurologically stable until 2012, when he underwent a suboccipital craniectomy for Chiari decompression for new-onset headache and dysphagia. Ten days later, the patient noted progressive leg weakness and radiographic evidence of spinal cord tethering at the T11-T12 level. A T10-L1 laminectomy and medical facetectomy was undertaken for detethering with postoperative recovery of ambulatory function with assistance. Conclusions Our patient exhibited an unusual acquisition of tethered cord syndrome. The tethering of the spinal cord may have been triggered by arachnoid adhesions from initial lumbar surgery 35 years before presentation and subsequently exacerbated by alterations of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after Chiari decompression. Given the potentially devastating sequelae of tethered cord syndrome, investigation of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics may be beneficial before operative intervention in patients with risk factors for a tethered cord who exhibit adult-onset Chiari malformation.
Global Questions About Rent and the Longue Durée of Urban Power, 1848 to the Present

This article examines the forces, public and private, that have exerted political power over the longue duree of the modern city since 1848. The article identifies three major turning points that contextualize the modern moment: the rise of democratic movements of 1848 and their gradual targeting of city governments; the rise of an expert-managed, urban reform state beginning in 1870; and the birth of neoliberal state, from 1974 to the present. The article positions the knowledge of urban history within the rise of democratic, participatory movements concerned with opening, replicating, and publicly analyzing governmental data.
University of Minnesota School of Statistics

The University of Minnesota—Twin Cities campus spans two locations, one in Minneapolis and the other in St. Paul. This arrangement set the stage for a unique separation of the Department of Statistics. Ten years after its founding in 1958, the department split into two, with Minneapolis becoming home to theoretical statistics and St. Paul housing applied statistics. Both areas flourished for 20 years and made important contributions to the fields of teaching, consulting, and research, most notably in computing, Bayesian analysis, and regression theory. The faculty came together under one roof in 1999 as the current School of Statistics, which now resides in Ford Hall in the Minneapolis.
Anti-rhodopsin antibodies in sera from patients with normal-pressure glaucoma.

Purpose. To explore further the potential role autoimmunity may play in the pathogenesis of normal-pressure glaucoma (NPG) in some patients, the authors examined the sera of patients with NPG for the presence of antibodies directed toward retinal antigens. Methods. Using patient sera, immunoblotting was performed on subcellular fractions of retina, purified bovine rhodopsin, and immunoaffinity-purified recombinant human rhodopsin. A chemiluminescence-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-rhodopsin antibodies was developed and used. Results. A patient with NPG was found to have a high titer of immunoglobulin M-λ antibody against a 40-kd retina-specific glycoprotein antigen subsequently identified as rhodopsin. ELISA analysis conducted on sera from 28 patients with NPG and 26 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) revealed highly significant differences in anti-rhodopsin antibody activity between these groups (P < 0.0002, Mann-Whitney test). For example, the majority of patients with NPG (19/28 ; 68%) had anti-rhodopsin antibody activity higher than the highest value obtained from among 26 age-matched patients with POAG. Conclusions. An elevated anti-rhodopsin antibody count is related to NPG. This may indicate that there is an autoimmune component in the optic neuropathy in these patients. The specific role of these autoantibodies, if any, in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be determined. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ; 36 :1968-1975.
Public knowledge of late-life cognitive decline and dementia in an international sample

Background and objectivesOne method of mitigating global increases in dementia prevalence involves assessing public knowledge and then educating laypeople. We measured knowledge of late-life pathol...
Improved Cross-Coupled Iterative Learning Control for Contouring NURBS Curves

Additive manufacturing (AM) uses computer-aided design to construct parts layer by layer. Relative to traditional manufacturing processes, AM provides a time-efficient and cost-effective way to produce low-volume, customized parts with complex geometries. This work presents an improved Cross-Coupled iterative learning control (CCILC) scheme to overcome current limitations in contour following for complex, free-form curves in AM. The approach involves modifying the definition of the error vector used in the individual axis iterative learning controllers and defining time varying weightings based on the curvature of the reference trajectory to couple tracking and contour errors. In this paper, the design for the improved CCILC system is presented, and the performance of this system is compared to the performance of existing ILC control schemes via simulations. In comparison to the current control methods, the simulation results demonstrate significant performance improvements for contour tracking of a reference trajectory with high levels of curvature.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Domperidone can ameliorate deleterious reproductive effects and reduced weight gain associated with fescue toxicosis in heifers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dopamine antagonist, domperidone, in nonpregnant, reproductively cycling heifers consuming endophyte-infected (EI) fescue diets. Thirty crossbred heifers (Angus x Holstein or Hereford x Holstein) were assigned to one of three treatment groups (n = 10); endophyte-free (EF) fescue diet, EI fescue diet, or endophyte-infected diet and treated with domperidone (EID). Heifers fed EI diets had decreased weight gains compared with heifers fed EF or EID (P 0.05). These results suggest that domperidone supplementation of heifers consuming EI fescue may ameliorate certain symptoms of fescue toxicosis.
Moral Judgments of Organizational Behavior and Misconduct

The purpose of this symposium is to deepen our understanding of how organizations are morally judged by leveraging a variety of empirical perspectives across organizational research, and to contrib...
Does Maxillomandibular Advancement Change the Lay Perception of Personality and Emotional Traits

Purpose Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, the esthetic outcome is a frequent source of concern. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether MMA altered the lay perception of patients' personality traits and emotional expressions. Materials and Methods We conducted a survey of the lay public recruited through Qualtrics Research Services (available at: www.qualtrics.com ). Clinical photographs were obtained from patients at our institution who had undergone MMA with advancement genioplasty for OSA. Survey respondents were randomized to either pre- or postoperative photograph sets and were asked to rate the clinical photographs on 6 personality and 6 emotional traits using 7-point Likert scales. The independent predictor was the preoperative or postoperative status. The dependent outcomes were the emotional and personality trait ratings. Multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine whether MMA had a significant effect on 2 or more emotional or personality traits. Significant results underwent post hoc testing with Bonferroni correction to determine which individual traits were affected. Results A total of 670 individuals accessed the published survey, of whom 210 (31.3%) completed the task and had their responses included in the final sample. No significant differences were found in age (P = .54), gender (P = .31), or ethnicity (P = .26) between the included and excluded respondents. Within the final sample, 110 participants were assigned to the preoperative image set and 100 to the postoperative set. After MMA, patients were observed to have significantly different emotional expressions (P Conclusions MMA was accompanied by favorable changes in the lay perceptions of emotional, but not personality, traits. Patients considering surgery should recognize that their outward appearance will not be negatively affected by a large functional advancement.
Type 5: Consensual On-Duty Sex

Consensual sex on-duty, thee most numerous type of PSM, has a long, sordid history in the policework occupation. Since the founding of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829, there have been “women of the night” and “loose virtue” ready to service the boys in blue (Smith in Policing Victorian London: Political policing, public order, and the London Metropolitan Police. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1985; Rawlings in Policing: A short history. William Publishing, Portland, Oregon, 2002). Sex with willing partners was considered an accepted perk for early American police officers.
Salinity sensitivity and mycorrhizal responsiveness of polyphenolics in ‘Siam Queen’ basil grown in soilless substrate

Abstract The effects of salinity on basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Siam Queen’) phenolic composition was evaluated by exposing plants to either no (Control), low, or moderate levels of salinity induced by NaCl or CaCl2 i n a soilless substrate. Plants in the control and moderate salinity treatments were also inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Rhizophagus irregularis (Blaszk., Wubet, Renker, & Buscot) C. Walker & A. Schler. Salinity had no influence on fresh weight (FW) of non-inoculated plants at 41 d, but by 75 d plants treated with salt had lower FW than non-salinized controls. Salinity altered the polyphenolic profile of basil plants by reducing accumulation of several polyphenolics and increasing accumulation of two polyphenolics. In general, the effect of salinity on reducing phenolic accumulation was similar between the two salt types. Non-inoculated plants treated with salt had lower concentrations of caffeic acid (P5), chicoric acid (P7), caffeic acid derivative (P8), and rosmarinic acid (P11) than non-salinized controls at both harvests and lower concentrations of caffeic acid derivative (P1), caftaric acid derivative (P2), cinnamyl malic acid (P3), and feruloyl tartaric acid (P4) at 75 d. Salinity from both salts enhanced accumulation of quercetin-rutinoside (P9) in leaves and stems and CaCl2 also enhanced accumulation of cinnamic acid derivative (P10) in stems. Salinity had a greater influence on minor polyphenolics, particularly at 75 d, when these polyphenolics were more prevalent in non-salinized controls than in plants treated with salt. Inoculation with AMF had no influence on FW at 41 d, but by 75 d increased FW in non-salinized controls and salt-treated plants by ∼10 %. The influence of AMF on specific phenolic concentrations and phenolic profiles varied among harvest dates and salt treatments. In general, AMF inoculation had a greater influence on phenolic concentrations in non-salinized controls at 41 d than at 75 d and in salt-treated plants at 75 d than at 41 d. In salt-treated plants, AMF increased FW and accumulation of several polyphenolics, but did not completely mitigate the negative effects of salinity on FW or phenolic composition. Our results indicate that salinity can alter polyphenolic composition of ‘Siam Queen’ basil even when it has no influence on productivity (FW). While basil productivity may be more sensitive to NaCl than CaCl2 as plants age, the effects of these two salts on polyphenolics were similar. This highlights the importance of considering the effects of salinity and plant age on both crop productivity and quality.
Boosting radiotherapy dose calculation accuracy with deep learning.

In radiotherapy, a trade-off exists between computational workload/speed and dose calculation accuracy. Calculation methods like pencil-beam convolution can be much faster than Monte-Carlo methods, but less accurate. The dose difference, mostly caused by inhomogeneities and electronic disequilibrium, is highly correlated with the dose distribution and the underlying anatomical tissue density. We hypothesize that a conversion scheme can be established to boost low-accuracy doses to high-accuracy, using intensity information obtained from computed tomography (CT) images. A deep learning-driven framework was developed to test the hypothesis by converting between two commercially available dose calculation methods: Anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB). A hierarchically dense U-Net model was developed to boost the accuracy of AAA dose toward the AXB level. The network contained multiple layers of varying feature sizes to learn their dose differences, in relationship to CT, both locally and globally. Anisotropic analytic algorithm and AXB doses were calculated in pairs for 120 lung radiotherapy plans covering various treatment techniques, beam energies, tumor locations, and dose levels. For each case, the CT and the AAA dose were used as the input and the AXB dose as the "ground-truth" output, to train and test the model. The mean squared errors (MSEs) and gamma passing rates (2 mm/2% & 1 mm/1%) were calculated between the boosted AAA doses and the "ground-truth" AXB doses. The boosted AAA doses demonstrated substantially improved match to the "ground-truth" AXB doses, with average (± s.d.) gamma passing rate (1 mm/1%) 97.6% (±2.4%) compared to 87.8% (±9.0%) of the original AAA doses. The corresponding average MSE was 0.11(±0.05) vs 0.31(±0.21). Deep learning is able to capture the differences between dose calculation algorithms to boost the low-accuracy algorithms. By combining a less accurate dose calculation algorithm with a trained deep learning model, dose calculation can potentially achieve both high accuracy and efficiency.
Just Laughter: Neurodiversity in Oscar Wilde’s ‘Pen, Pencil and Poison’

Wilde’s 1889 essay ‘Pen, Pencil and Poison’ celebrates and equates the artistic and homicidal accomplishments of Regency dandy Thomas Griffiths Wainewright. Rather than view Wilde’s sociopathic jokes about murder as satiric, ‘Just Laughter’ makes the case for treating them as incisive critiques of Victorian ideologies of health and mental fitness, of the normative fantasy, promulgated by eugenists like Max Nordau, that a ‘good’ or cognitively fit reader exists. Informed by Wilde’s fascination with neurology and by the neurodiversity movement, which seeks an end to the marginalisation of neurological ‘Others’, this chapter explores how Wilde promotes an anti-therapeutic or neurologically pluralistic practice of reading, in which he refuses to privilege one implied reader over another, in the process exposing the eugenic underbelly of modern literary criticism.
Lipidomics and Dietary Assessment of Infant Formulas Reveal High Intakes of Major Cholesterol Oxidative Product (7-ketocholesterol)

Abstract Approximately two-thirds of US infants receive infant formula (IF) as a primary or sole nutritional source during the first six months of life. IF is available in a variety of commercial presentations, although from a manufacturing standpoint, they can be categorized in powder-(PIF) or liquid-(LIF) based formulations. Herein, thirty commercial IFs were analyzed in their oxidative and non-oxidative lipidomics profiles. Results show that LIFs have a characteristic lipidomic fingerprint, enriched in an oxidated form of cholesterol, and a lower load of phytosterols. We identified 7-ketocholesterol – a major end-product of cholesterol oxidation – as a potential biomarker of IF manufacturing. Our data allowed re-classification of IF based on their metabolomic fingerprint, resulting in three groups assigned with low-to-high oxidative status. Finally, we modeled the dietary intake for cholesterol, sterols, and 7-ketocholesterol in the first year of life. The database provided in this study will be instrumental for scientists interested in infant nutrition, to establish bases for epidemiological studies aimed to find connections between nutrition and diet-associated diseases, such as sitosterolemia.
Principles and Programs to Protect Consumers from the Deleterious Effects of Technological Innovation

Technology has transformed the environment in which most consumers select products, promise to buy them, pay for them, and use them.
We Should Do More to Offer Evidence-Based Treatment for an Important Modifiable Risk Factor for COVID-19: Obesity.

Observational studies, from multiple countries, repeatedly demonstrate an association between obesity and severe COVID-19, which is defined as need for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death. Meta-analysis of studies from China, USA, and France show odds ratio (OR) of 2.31 (95% CI 1.3-4.1) for obesity and severe COVID-19. Other studies show OR of 12.1 (95% CI 3.25-45.1) for mortality and OR of 7.36 (95% CI 1.63-33.14) for need for IMV for patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2. Obesity is the only modifiable risk factor that is not routinely treated but treatment can lead to improvement in visceral adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and mortality risk. Increasing the awareness of the association between obesity and COVID-19 risk in the general population and medical community may serve as the impetus to make obesity identification and management a higher priority.
I See You: Judge John T. Noonan, Jr. Writing with Empathy to Prove that the Human Person is Central to the Law

Long before he became a judge, Judge John T. Noonan, Jr. recognized and highlighted “the central place of the human person in any account of the law.” One of his intellectual legacies as a federal circuit court judge was recognizing the persons, not masks, who appeared before him. How did he do it? Empathy. Judge Noonan’s capacity for empathy as a judge extended beyond his ability to step into the shoes of someone whose life was very different from his own—he was able to write about that person’s encounter with the law in a way that makes you, the reader, also relate to the person with empathy. This article focuses on Judge Noonan’s opinions in three areas of law spanning three decades: civil rights, employment, and criminal law. Judge Noonan believed that you cannot love someone you cannot see. I will focus on how the details of his judicial writing—word choice, concision, and narrative techniques—furthered his philosophy of respecting the dignity of every human. He saw them. We do, too.
Association of HLA Polymorphisms with Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

The association between HLA polymorphisms and PTLD was investigated in a case–control study, comparing 110 predominantly adult solid-organ transplant recipients who developed PTLD to 5601 who did not. Donor and recipient HLA were analyzed. We detected a significant association between recipient HLA-A26 and the development of PTLD (OR 2.74; p = 0.0007). In Caucasian recipients, both recipient and donor HLA-A26 were independently associated with development of PTLD (recipient A26 OR 2.99; p = 0.0004, donor A26 OR 2.81; p = 0.002). Analysis of HLA-A and -B haplotypes revealed that recipient HLA-A26, B38 haplotype was strongly correlated with a higher incidence of EBV-positive PTLD (OR 3.99; p = 0.001). The common ancestral haplotype HLA-A1, B8, DR3, when carried by the donor, was protective against PTLD (OR 0.41; p = 0.05). Several other HLA specificities demonstrated associations with clinical and pathological characteristics as well as survival. These findings demonstrate the importance of HLA polymorphisms in modulating the risk for PTLD, and may be useful in risk stratification and development of monitoring and prophylaxis strategies.
Subunit structure of the Galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica

The galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica is a cell surface protein which mediates parasite adherence to human colonic mucus, colonic epithelial cells, and other target cells. The amebic lectin was purified in 100-micrograms quantities from detergent-solubilized trophozoites by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. The adherence lectin was purified 500-fold as judged by radioimmunoassay. The nonreduced lectin had a molecular mass of 260 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an isoelectric point of pH 6.2. The amebic lectin reduced with beta-mercaptoethanol consisted of 170- and 35-kDa subunits. Both subunits could be labeled on the cell surface with 125I, and both were metabolically labeled with [3H]glucosamine. The amino termini of the subunits had unique amino acid sequences, and polyclonal antisera to the heavy subunit did not cross-react with the light subunit. The yield of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives from the second and third positions in the sequence of the heavy and light subunits gave a molar ratio of one 170- to one 35-kDa subunit. Antibodies directed to the heavy subunit inhibited amebic adherence to Chinese hamster ovary cells by 100%, suggesting that the heavy subunit is predominantly responsible for mediating amebic adherence.
The Revolution in Trust Investment Law

Trustees' conventional investment practices may be producing inadequate results in view of the growing body of evidence that stock picking and mutual funds are not outperforming, and perhaps may be underperforming, the market. The new learning has resulted in the "market fund/' which should receive judicial approval for prudent investment standards. Thereafter trustees may be running a risk of surcharge in continuing to use the old methods.
Critical Behavior of Random Resistor Networks

We present numerical data and scaling theories for the critical behavior of random resistor networks near the percolation threshold. We determine the critical exponents of a suitably defined resistance correlation function by a Pade analysis of low-concentration expansions as a function of dimensionality. We verify that d=6 is the critical dimensionality for the onset of mean-field behavior. We use the coherent-potential approximation to construct a mean-field scaling function for the critical region.
Charge-state reduction with improved signal intensity of oligonucleotides in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The shift of charge states of oligonucleotide negative ions formed in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to higher mass-to-charge ratio has been accomplished by addition of organic acids and bases to the solution to be electrosprayed. The use of acetic acid or formic acid combined with piperidine and imidazole effectively reduced charge states. Signal intensity and stability were enhanced greatly when the infused solution contained a high percentage of acetonitrile. In addition, the cocktail that contained imidazole, piperidine, and acetic acid in 80% acetonitrile not only reduced charge states, but also substantially suppressed Na adduction. Several oligonucleotides that varied in base composition and length were investigated, and studies of mixtures showed a significant reduction in spectral complexity.
Three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography of simulated hand joints with a 64 × 64-channel photodiodes-based optical system

A continuous-wave (CW) diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system that is specifically designed for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of hand joints is described in this paper. This DOT system consists of eight diode lasers coupled with 64 source optic fibre bundles for light excitations and 64 receiving optic fibre bundles in conjunction with 64 silicon photodiodes for light detection. It has a large dynamic range, high stability and low detective noise equivalent power. In this system, the excitation and detection fibre bundles are arranged in four layers each with 16 excitation and 16 detection fibre bundles, forming a cylindrical imaging volume where an inserted finger is supported by a solid coupling medium. A series of tissue-mimicking experiments have been conducted to evaluate the system using a simple joint model consisting of two 'bones' and one layer of 'cartilage'. These experiments also serve to identify optimal experimental and computational configurations for hand joint imaging. Coupled with our 3D finite-element based reconstruction algorithm, the phantom results suggest that the supporting/coupling medium with proper absorption and scattering coefficients is one of the key factors for high quality image reconstruction. In addition, these phantom investigations show that an off-centre positioned object can be significantly better imaged than a centre placed object. Studies have also been performed to determine an optimal mesh size for 3D hand joint imaging.
THE CHANGING RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE OF THE DUTCH POPULATION IN KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN

ABSTRACT The concept of acculturation, developed largely by anthropologists and sociologists, has not been sufficiently incorporated into geographical research on minority groups. One area in which the concept may be advantageously used is in the study of the origin and spatial evolution of ethnic neighborhoods in American cities. In pointing a way, this study analyses the changing residential patterns of the Dutch in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and relates these changes to differences in acculturation. The Dutch initially dispersed throughout the city, both the result and the partial cause of rapid acculturation; later, residential clustering developed in response to rapid Dutch immigration, and acculturation proceeded more slowly. In the final stage, the city's ethnic ghettos were almost entirely obscured through the acculturation of later-generation families whose residential dispersion comprehended the entire metropolitan area. The example of the Kalamazoo Dutch suggests that the residential patterning of an...
Lectin-induced differentiation of transformed neuroretinal cells in vitro.

Abstract The orderly course of chick neuroretinal cell differentiation was disrupted in vitro by infection with a temperature-sensitive strain of the Rous sarcoma virus (LA29). The resulting cell culture LA29NR remained mitotically active at 42 °C, yet rapidly adopted a transformed phenotype upon activation of the pp60v-arc oncogene product at 37 °C. As a further indication of metabolic state, LA29NR cells expressed the protooncogene product c-Fos, as shown by Western blot analysis. Highly proliferative LA29NR cells proved refractory to standard differentiation agents such as cAMP, and prostaglandin E1. In our novel approach, succinylated concanavalin A (SCA), a nontoxic derivative of the lectin concanavalin A, induced dramatic, reversible morphological changes in LA29NR cells, including neurite outgrowth and increased cell-to-cell adhesion. Fluoresceinated SCA appeared to localize to Golgi and lysosomal structures. Cellular response to SCA treatment included decreased growth rate, reversible decrease in the phosphorylation state of a 41-kDa phosphoprotein, and induction of neuron-specific enolase. The glial marker vimentin was also evident in these cultures. These data suggest that SCA is an effective differentiation agent for cells of neuroectodermal origin, permitting neuronal as well as glial phenotypic expression Within these cell populations.
Magnetic studies by the Geophysical Section of the United States Geological Survey

Continued progress has been made in magnetic surveys over large sectional areas by G. R. MacCarthy. Beginning in Florida south of the Okeefenokee Swamp, magnetic traverses were measured and continued through the southern part of Georgia. The most northerly traverses crossed regions where they contacted the crystallines near the surface of the ground. All traverses were run in an east-west direction. It is planned to continue the magnetic relief-map described in the Transactions of 1939 of the American Geophysical Union by adding to it this portion of the State of Georgia.
Protein isoprenylation regulates secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 1 from rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts: effects of statins and farnesyl and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors.

Objective To determine whether protein prenylation (farnesyl/geranylgeranylation) regulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and whether MMP-1 secretion can be regulated by statins or prenyltransferase inhibitors via effects mediated by ERK, JNK, and NF-κB. Methods RASFs obtained from patients during elective knee replacement surgery were assessed by immunoblotting and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for secretion of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in the presence of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), statins, the farnesyl transferase (FT) inhibitor FTI-276 and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor GGTI-298, and prenyl substrates (farnesyl pyrophosphate [FPP] and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [GGPP]). Activities of JNK and ERK were determined by phosphoimmunoblotting, and NF-κB activation was determined by nuclear translocation of the p65 component. Results FTI-276, but not statins, inhibited RASF secretion of MMP-1, but not MMP-13, following induction with TNFα (P = 0.0007) or IL-1β (P = 0.006). Loading RASFs with FPP to promote farnesylation enhanced MMP-1 secretion. FTI-276 inhibited activation of JNK (P < 0.05) and NF-κB (P = 0.02), but not ERK. In contrast, GGTI-298 enhanced, while GGPP inhibited, MMP-1 secretion. FTI-276 and GGTI-298 together had no effect on MMP-1 secretion. Stimulation of RASFs with TNFα or IL-1β led to increased expression and activity of FT. Conclusion Protein farnesylation is required for expression and secretion of MMP-1 from RASFs, via effects on JNK and NF-κB. The ability of cytokines to stimulate the expression and activity of FT suggests that FT may be increased in the rheumatoid joint. In contrast, geranylgeranylation down-regulates MMP-1 expression. Statins simultaneously inhibit farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, and in consequence do not inhibit MMP-1 secretion. The ability of FTI-276 to inhibit MMP-1 secretion suggests a potential therapeutic strategy in RA.
Decoration, Destruction and Debauchery: Reflections on 1 Enoch 8 in Light of 4QEnb

This article takes up the distinctive text of Synkellos for 1 En. 8:1 and asks whether it offers the preferred reading or at least may be defended as an early variant rather than as an interpolation of the Byzantine chronographer. To that end, the article examines the Greek translation featured in Synkellos's Chronography and compares the text to other manuscript traditions, especially to the Aramaic fragments of Enoch found in Cave 4 of Qumran. Close examination leaves the author reluctant to dismiss the reading of Synkellos. Further, the author argues that Genesis 4 and 6 might have provided a warrant for this sort of interpretative tradition inasmuch as culture bringers (i.e. the Cainites) precede the account of the angels' descent and mating with women as one finds in Synkellos's version of 1 En. 8:1.
Single Subject Research Strategies in Occupational Therapy, Part 1

This paper is designed to orient occupational therapists to the use of single subject methodology as a viable mode of clinical research. The role of single subject designs in today's scientific world is explored through an historical perspective, and major strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Basic methodological concepts and research designs are presented to provide a foundation for therapists interested in documenting intervention results. Finally, some of the problems inherent in transferring single subject strategies to occupational therapy are presented.
Observation of "Intrinsic" Surface States at the Ti O 2 —Aqueous-Electrolyte Interface by Sub—Band-Gap Electroreflectance Spectroscopy

Surface states were detected with sub---band-gap electroreflectance spectroscopy in the presence of electrolytes that can adsorb on the surface of Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The energy of these states is located 1.3 eV below the conduction band and they can be detected only in the weak accumulation mode. The potential distribution at the interface as a function of the electrolyte was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. These results were interpreted in terms of "intrinsic" surface states of the unsolvated surface.
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for relapse after allo-SCT in multiple myeloma

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for relapse after allo-SCT in multiple myeloma
Anomaly Base Network Intrusion Detection by Using Random Decision Tree and Random Projection: A Fast Network Intrusion Detection Technique

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) have become an important component in network security infrastructure. Currently, many NIDSs are rule-based systems whose performances highly depend on their rule sets. Unfortunately, due to the huge volume of network traffic, coding the rules by security experts becomes difficult and time-consuming. Since data mining techniques can build network intrusion detection models adaptively, data mining-based NIDSs have significant advantages over rule-based NIDSs. Network and system security is of paramount importance in the present data communication environment. Hackers and intruders can create many successful attempts to cause the crash of the networks and web services by unauthorized intrusion. New threats and associated solutions to prevent these threats are emerging together with the secured system evolution. Network Intrusion Detection Systems are one of these solutions. The main function of NIDSs is to protect the resources from threats. It analyzes and predicts the behaviors of users, and then these behaviors will be considered an attack or a normal behavior. We use Random projection and Random Tree to detect network intrusions.
Two-dimensional wavelet compression of ion mobility spectra

A two-dimensional wavelet compression method has been developed as a tool for portable ion mobility sensors. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) offers chemical sensors with low detection limits and rapid response for many compounds. Two-dimensional wavelet compression yields compressions greater than 99% without significant loss of information. A method has also been developed and evaluated to optimize the compression. The compression method was evaluated with data acquired from two different ion mobility spectrometers: a Graseby chemical agent monitor (CAM) and a Barringer Ionscan® 350. Three different systems were used for the evaluations. The CAM detected vapors from mixtures of chemical weapon simulants of dimethyl methanephosphonate, diethyl methanephosphonate, and diisopropyl methanephosphonate. The Ionscan spectra were collected in negative ion polarity from HMX, an explosive, and positive ion polarity for benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine.
Groundwater development in Lemoa, Guatemala

In the rural Guatemalan Central Highlands, drinking water wells are a rare commodity due to lack of data regarding depth and sustainability of groundwater. At a study well in Lemoa, aquifer sustainability and other characteristics were estimated using hydrograph data and Theis’s recovery method for pumping tests. These tests showed that while specific capacity remained fairly constant, transmissivity increased, indicating development of the well subsequent to installation of the study well. The time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method was evaluated at the site as a prospective groundwater prospecting technique. Characterization of subsurface conditions using TDEM is feasible with local subsurface data for correlation; however, it is limited to delineating low electrical resistive zones without geologic data for correlation. Data showed that groundwater produced from volcanic alluvium at approximately 79 m in depth is sustainable at the study area at current use rates.
A reliable PCR amplification method for microdissected tumor cells obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue

We report a reliable method for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of genomic DNA from PET. This method uses DNA extraction with the QIAquick kit and amplification with AmpliTaq Gold. Amplification of up to 959 bp from PET was achieved with this combination which exceeds the current reported upper limit of 800 bp. In summary, the gradual activation of the AmpliTaq Gold during thermal cycling allows both for higher-fidelity and higher-throughput PCR amplification from PET. The use of the QIAquick kit for DNA purification of PET is sensitive, reproducible and suitable for management of a high number of samples.
Solution of some simple problems in the conduction and radiation of heat by invariant imbedding

In recent years the use of invariant imbedding in the solution of a variety of problems has been increasing. In this paper, application of this method to problems in heat conduction and radiation is demonstrated. No previous knowledge of invariant imbedding is assumed. The method is applied to several relatively simple problems. The initial value problem obtained by the method is numerically stable. Sample calculations are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm.
Harold Guetzkow: A Scholar's Scholar

During our 14 years together at Northwestern University, Harold Guetzkow was at the same time my colleague, creative teacher, and helpful personal friend. I used his simulation in my undergraduate courses. His research and personal suggestions provided creative insights for my research at UN Headquarters. He provided younger colleagues with opportunities to be fellow collaborators. He encouraged our families to have shared experiences. After I departed from Northwestern University, we maintained contact and friendship throughout his life.
Percutaneous Intraaortic Balloon Pumping: Initial Clinical Experience

Abstract A new intraaortic balloon is described that can be inserted percutaneously through a 12F sheath by the standard Seldinger technique. Insertion and removal are rapid, and the hemodynamics of balloon pumping are similar to our previous clinical experience with standard single- and dualchambered intraaortic balloons. The initial clinical experience is detailed.
A RADIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING FISSIONABLE MATERIAL CONTAMINATION ON COMPLETED REACTOR FUEL ASSEMBLIES

A nondestructive method is described for the determination of the extent to which the cladding of reactor fuel assemblies is contaminated with U/sup 235/. The method involves the irradiation of the assemblies in a test reactor at an extremely low-power level. Subsequent to the irradiation, the fission product (Cs/sup 138/) is separated by tetraphenylboron extraction. The concentration of this fission product is used as a measure of the extent to which the cladding is contaminated with U/sup 235/. (auth)
Effect of Polyaxial Stress States on Failure Strength of Alumina Ceramics

The effect of polyaxial stress fields on the brittle fracture strength of polycrystalline alumina was investigated through the use of thin-walled cylinders. Combinations of internal pressure, external pressure, and axial loads produced stress states of tension-compression, tension-tension, and compression-compression. The failure envelope was generated for these stress states. The results indicated that biaxial tensile stresses reduced the strength of the material; however, the tensile strength increased at least 50% when a compressive stress existed normal to the tensile direction. Compression strengths as high as 640,000 psi were measured for a biaxial compressive stress state.