cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recrystallization of FeAl and Ni3Al with and without boron

Since the brittleness of many strongly ordered intermetallic compounds at low temperature makes imparting sufficient strain for recrystallization difficult, there have been few reports of their recrystallization kinetics. The present paper reports a short study of the recrystallization kinetics of both polycrystalline Ni{sub 3}Al and FeAl with and without boron, both of which have limited ductility at room temperature in the unalloyed polycrystalline state. In the present research, because of the difficulty of imparting sufficient deformation for recrystallization to both FeAl and boron-free Ni{sub 3}Al, a hardness indentation method was used to study recrystallization. The idea is to introduce indentation and then determine the temperature at which recrystallization was initiated around the indentation after one hour. In this way, the effect of alloy stoichiometry and of boron on the recrystallization kinetics can be qualitatively assessed.
Performance comparisons between semiconductor and fiber amplifier gain assistance in a recirculating frequency shifter

Recirculating frequency shifter (RFS) loops can be used for electronically programmable, variable-spacing multiline spectrum generation, which can benefit the development of fully flexible optical communications and other frequency comb applications. Here, we report on and explain the observation of significant performance variations between chip-based gain in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and fiber-based gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) when used as the gain element in the RFS. Previously, SOAs and EDFAs have been demonstrated in different RFS experiments and studied separately from each other; thus, discussion mainly focused on the noise from amplified spontaneous emission. We show that SOA effects, including four wave mixing, can be measured, which impose limits to the wavelength spacing of the combs, and that this effect is mitigated by increasing the RF drive frequency of the RFS and operating SOA in deeper saturation.
Genetic Predisposition of Pigs to Hypo- and Hyperselenemia

A continuing, sporadic incidence of vitamin E-selenium (Se) responsive disease among confinement-reared pigs believed to be fed complete and adequately supplemented diets prompted these studies on the potential genetic influence over vitamin E and Se metabolism in pigs. The initial study revealed a wide range of serum Se and vitamin E concentrations among age-matched, commonly housed and commonly fed growing pigs. Pigs found relatively hyposelenemic (hypo-Se) or hyperselenemic (hyper-Se) early in life retained their relative Se status while commonly reared. The persistence of vitamin E status was poor. Selected matings between identified, relatively hypo-Se gilts and boars and between relatively hyper-Se gilts and boars produced similarly affected baby pigs. In Exp. 2, representative hypo-Se (20) and hyper-Se (20) pigs were identified from a total of 107 baby pigs by 30 d of age. These pigs were allotted to an experiment to compare the responses of these two populations to .1 and .3 ppm supplemental dietary Se through 150 d of age. The difference in mean serum Se of the selected hypo- and hyper-Se pigs fed .1 ppm Se was significant at each sampling time. This difference approximated that observed between pigs (either hypo- or hyperselenemic) fed .1 and .3 ppm Se. The increase in serum Se due to .3 ppm supplemental dietary Se was greater among the selected hypo-Se pigs than among the hyper-Se pigs. Plasma Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was a better indicator of dietary or serum Se status than was erythrocyte GSH-Px. The selected hyper-Se pigs maintained a more rapid rate of growth than did the hypo-Se pigs and were approximately 10 kg heavier at 150 d than the hypo-Se pigs.
Experimental study of lean spark ignition combustion using gasoline, ethanol, natural gas, and syngas

Abstract In the development of internal combustion engines, engineers and researchers are facing the challenge of improving engine efficiency while reducing harmful exhaust emissions. Previous research has shown that lean combustion is one of the viable techniques that can improve engine efficiency while effectively reducing exhaust emissions. Lean burn engines operate at low burned gas temperatures and can achieve high thermal efficiency based on favorable mixture thermodynamic properties. However, under high dilution levels, a lean misfire limit is reached where the combustion process becomes unstable and incomplete combustion starts to occur. Instability significantly affects engine efficiency, driveability, and exhaust emissions, which limit the full potential of lean burn engines. The lean misfire limit is not only dependent on engine design but also on fuel properties. Therefore, fuels that are conducive to lean combustion can provide the opportunity for enhanced efficiency and reduced emissions. Spark ignited (SI) combustion with conventional gasoline has shown to have relatively narrow range of fuel-air equivalence ratio; therefore, it is desired to explore the lean limit of SI combustion by using alternative fuels, which can also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and power generation. Experiments were conducted on a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine with varying fuel-air equivalence ratio (φ) to assess the engine performance and emissions with three alternative fuels, natural gas, ethanol, and syngas, at compression ratio of 8:1 and engine speed of 1200 rev/min. Equivalence ratio was varied by decreasing the mass of fuel while keeping the mass of air the same. The lean misfire limit was defined as the equivalence ratio where the CoV of IMEP across multiple consecutive engine cycles was greater than 5%. It was found that syngas can maintain stable combustion at extremely lean conditions and has the lowest lean misfire limit. Natural gas combustion achieved a lower lean misfire limit than gasoline and ethanol. Gasoline and ethanol had similar lean misfire limits, but it was found that gasoline helped the engine to achieve higher load and fuel conversion efficiency compared to the three alternative fuels.
Summary of Reading Investigations July I, 1956 to June 30, 1957

(1958). Summary of Reading Investigations July I, 1956 to June 30, 1957. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 401-435.
An Age-Based Framework for Evaluating Genome-Scale Sequencing Results in Newborn Screening

Objective To assess the performance of a standardized, age-based metric for scoring clinical actionability to evaluate conditions for inclusion in newborn screening and compare it with the results from other contemporary methods. Study design The North Carolina Newborn Exome Sequencing for Universal Screening study developed an age-based, semiquantitative metric to assess the clinical actionability of gene–disease pairs and classify them with respect to age of onset or timing of interventions. This categorization was compared with the gold standard Recommended Uniform Screening Panel and other methods to evaluate gene–disease pairs for newborn genomic sequencing. Results We assessed 822 gene–disease pairs, enriched for pediatric onset of disease and suspected actionability. Of these, 466 were classified as having childhood onset and high actionability, analogous to conditions selected for the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel core panel. Another 245 were classified as having childhood onset and low to no actionability, 25 were classified as having adult onset and high actionability, 19 were classified as having adult onset and low to no actionability, and 67 were excluded due to controversial evidence and/or prenatal onset. Conclusions This study describes a novel method to facilitate decisions about the potential use of genomic sequencing for newborn screening. These categories may assist parents and physicians in making informed decisions about the disclosure of results from voluntary genomic sequencing in children.
The Saddle Point Property

In this section, we consider the linear system $${\rm{\dot u}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = {\rm{L}}\left( {{\rm{u}}_{\rm{t}} } \right)$$ (26.1) and the perturbed linear system $${\rm{\dot x}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = {\rm{L}}\left( {{\rm{x}}_{\rm{t}} } \right) + {\rm{f}}\left( {{\rm{x}}_{\rm{t}} } \right)$$ (26.2) where $${\rm{L}}\left( {\rm{\phi }} \right) = \int_{ - {\rm{r}}}^0 {\left[ {{\rm{d\eta }}\left( \theta \right)} \right]{\rm{\phi }}\left( \theta \right)},$$ (26.3) η an n × n matrix function of bounded variation, and f satisfies the relations $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm{f}}\left( 0 \right) = 0} \\ {\left| {{\rm{f}}\left( {\rm{\phi }} \right) - {\rm{f}}\left( {\rm{\psi }} \right)} \right| \le {\rm{\mu }}\left( \sigma \right)\left| {{\rm{\phi }} - {\rm{\psi }}} \right|} \\\end{array}$$ (26.4) for |ϕ|, |ψ| < σ and some continuous nondecreasing function μ(σ) with μ(0) = 0.
On the Evolution of Ion Bunch Profile in the Presence of Longitudinal Coherent Electron Cooling.

In the presence of longitudinal coherent electron cooling, the evolution of the line-density profile of a circulating ion bunch can be described by the 1-D Fokker-Planck equation. We show that, in the absence of diffusion, the 1-D equation can be solved analytically for certain dependence of cooling force on the synchrotron amplitude. For more general cases with arbitrary diffusion, we solved the 1-D Fokker-Planck equation numerically and the numerical solutions have been compared with results from macro-particle tracking.
REDUCIBILITY OF THE COHEN–WALES REPRESENTATION OF THE ARTIN GROUP OF TYPE Dn

We construct a linear representation of the CGW algebra of type Dn. This representation has degree n2 - n, the number of positive roots of a root system of type Dn. We show that the representation is generically irreducible, but that when the parameters of the algebra are related in a certain way, it becomes reducible. As a representation of the Artin group of type Dn, this representation is equivalent to the faithful linear representation of Cohen–Wales. We give a reducibility criterion for this representation as well as a conjecture on the semisimplicity of the CGW algebra of type Dn. Our proof is computer-assisted using Mathematica.
Poacic acid suppresses dollar spot and snow mould in amenity turfgrass

Plant‐based antifungal agents offer an alternative to synthetic fungicides in amenity turfgrass disease management. Poacic acid is a by‐product of the biofuel production process that has exhibited antifungal activity, and the objective of this research was to determine its ability to serve as an effective management tool for economically important turfgrass diseases such as dollar spot and snow moulds. In vitro and field tests were conducted in Wisconsin and Michigan, USA from 2015 to 2017 to determine the efficacy of poacic acid in suppressing the economically important turfgrass pathogens Clarireedia jacksonii and Microdochium nivale. Poacic acid demonstrated strong antifungal activity against both pathogens in vitro, inhibiting growth of C. jacksonii and M. nivale by 93% and 74% relative to nonamended media, respectively. Poacic acid reduced dollar spot in the field in one of two years, but failed to suppress snow mould when applied alone. Poacic acid was an effective mix partner for snow mould control when combined with a synthetic fungicide, an important attribute because no single fungicide currently on the market provides acceptable snow mould control under heavy disease pressure. Future research should focus on improving poacic acid field efficacy so that it can be incorporated into plant‐based disease management strategies for amenity turfgrass.
Interpretation of Costs

The use of electronic data processing now permits more alternatives to be analyzed for a given engineering project and has focused attention on the suitability of the various economic analysis techniques used throughout the profession. A critique of methods of economic analysis is presented. The implications of input decisions are examined, including the compatibility of alternative plans, the handling of generated traffic, and the conversion of trips from an alternate mode. A theoretical investigation of the most commonly used methods of analysis is presented. It is shown that the normal benefit-cost ratio method may not produce rational solutions or solutions which are compatible with other methods of analysis. The minimum cost method is shown to be consistent with the incremental cost methods. The adoption of this method is proposed because of its simplicity and its ability to retain indentification of the various component costs.
Repurposing FPGAs for Tester Design to Enhance Field-Testing in a 3D Stack

We propose an architecture for a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based tester for a 3D stacked integrated circuit (IC). Due to the very short distances between dies in a stack that can make SerDes connections very efficient and the high density of through silicon vias (TSVs) that may be available, it is possible to connect the FPGA to the die under test through a very high bandwidth connection that can feed multiple short scan chains. We propose and evaluate two designs that exploit the underlying structure of the FPGA, allowing it to be used to efficiently store and apply predefined test patterns, reducing the FPGA resources required and the switching activity in the circuit under test when compared to a more traditional on-chip decompressor implemented to feed short scan chains. For the largest circuit we studied, the switching activity was reduced about 80% and the test time by 90%.
Predicting post-transarterial chemoembolization outcomes: A comparison of direct and total bilirubin serums levels

Abstract Purpose To retrospectively review the ability of direct bilirubin serum level to predict mortality and complications in patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare it to the predictive value of the currently utilized total bilirubin serum level. Materials and methods A total of 219 patients who underwent TACE for 353 hepatocelluar carcinomas (HCC) at a single institution were included. There were 165 men and 54 women, with a mean age of 61.4 ± 7.6 (SD) [range: 27–86 years]. The patients’ electronic medical records were evaluated and they were divided into cohorts based on total bilirubin ( 3 mg/dL) as well as direct bilirubin ( Results Direct bilirubin serum level was significantly greater in the cohort of patients who did not survive as compared to those who survived 6 months ([0.58 ± 0.46 (SD) mg/dL; range: Conclusion Direct bilirubin serum level appears to outperform total bilirubin concentration for predicting complications and overall survival in patients undergoing TACE. Patients with relatively maintained direct bilirubin levels should be considered for TACE, particularly in the setting of bridging to transplant.
Communication: Perceiving Structures When Receiving Information

The quantity of information being generated on energy and climate threatens to overwhelm any energy strategist. How quickly one internalizes information being received is just as important as sending the information. If the sender and receiver use the same structure, then there is high likelihood the two will share similar contexts as well, reducing the probability of misunderstandings. Organizing the new information in a way that is digestible to the receiver will help increase uptake and comprehension. Conversely, the receiver can increase comprehension by looking for structure when faced with a new document. All of these help cut through the noise of unstructured or poorly structured information. This helps professionals process ideas faster and be more effective at decision-making.
A 2020 perspective on “Let’s play the search game: Strategic and behavioral properties of online sponsored search auction mechanisms”

Abstract Search engines, blogs, social media, and other high-traffic web sites and mobile apps are increasingly involved in sales through the ads they display, yet it is not clear how these ads should be chosen and paid for in the most optimal way. We describe three different paths we are taking in an effort to make this choice more informed. The first explores the dynamics of consumers’ click decisions as they are determined by the belief consumers hold about ad placements. The second explores the advertisers’ dynamic decision-making process under uncertainty as advertisers are trying to optimize their profits. The third one explores the strategic interactions involving a buyer, sellers (advertisers), and an ad provider (search engine or platform) when there is value uncertainty and the ad provider has better information about product values than either the buyer or the sellers. We are hoping these paths lead to new theoretical models and experimental designs that foster our understanding of this important aspect of online and mobile commerce.
Increased Use of Multiorgan Transplantation in Heart Transplantation: Only Time Will Tell.

Background The utilization of multiorgan transplantation in cardiac transplantation has steadily increased over the past several years. We sought to characterize the trends and outcomes in simultaneous heart and other organ transplantation compared with heart transplantation alone. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for all adult patients (age ≥ 18 y) who underwent isolated heart transplantation or simultaneous heart-lung or heart-kidney transplantation from 1987-2016. Patients were stratified into 3 equal time intervals. Demographics and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results A total of 58,060 patients were identified with a distribution based on era. Dual organ recipients had more factors associated with increased operative risk including higher rates of diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, intensive care unit admissions, and dialysis prior to transplantation. Heart-lung and heart-kidney recipients had decreased 1-year survival compared with isolated heart recipients from 2007-2016. However, heart-kidney recipients had significantly increased 5-year post-transplantation survival compared with isolated heart recipients with impaired renal function. For isolated heart transplants and heart-lung transplants, 5-year survival rates improved over time, whereas 5-year survival for heart-kidney recipients did not improve with time. Conclusions We found a significantly increased 5-year survival rate for heart-kidney transplant recipients compared with isolated heart transplant recipients with renal impairment. Lack of improvement in 5-year postoperative outcomes for heart-kidney recipients in the setting of higher-risk pretransplant clinical characteristics suggests decreased selectivity regarding heart-kidney recipients. Continued scrutiny and evaluation of postoperative outcomes are required to ensure just and appropriate utilization of organs.
Coexisting Systemic Infections in Patients Hospitalized Because of a Fall: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Abstract Background Infectious disease–related factors that may contribute to or complicate falls have received relatively little attention in the literature. Objective Our aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, coexisting systemic infections (CSIs) in patients admitted to the hospital because of a fall or its complications. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients seen at a tertiary care hospital emergency department and subsequently hospitalized because of a fall or its complications. Results Of 1,456 evaluable cases, 775 patients (53.2%) were female. Mean age was 71.6 years (range 18–104 years). CSI was diagnosed in 303 patients (20.8%), of which 166 (54.8%) were urinary tract infections and 108 (35.6%) were pneumonia cases; 14 patients (4.6%) were bacteremic. CSI was not initially suspected by providers in 98 (32.5%) subsequently diagnosed cases. Age ≥50 years (odds ratio [OR] 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–24.9), inability to get up on own after the index fall (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.6), preexisting symptom(s) (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.8–5.2), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5–5.4), or confusion at presentation (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.5–6.0) were independently associated with CSI. In-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with CSI (6.9% vs. 3.8 %, OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.3). Conclusions CSIs are common among patients admitted to the hospital after a fall or its complications. Age ≥ 50 years, inability to get up on own, preexisting symptom(s), and the presence of SIRS or confusion at presentation are potential predictors of CSI in this patient population.
Neural substrate differences in language networks and associated language-related behavioral impairments in children with TBI: a preliminary fMRI investigation.

The present study examined whether functional MRI (fMRI) can identify changes in the neural substrates of language in young children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eight children with TBI (F/M = 3/5, age (Mean ± SD) = 7.98 ± 1 years, range = 6–9 years) and a comparison group of nine children with orthopedic injuries (OI) (F/M = 4/5, age (Mean ± SD) = 7.4 ± 1 years, range = 6–9 years) participated in an fMRI study of covert verb generation (VG). Results revealed significantly different BOLD signal activation in perisylvian language areas between the groups, after accounting for potential confounders such as verbal fluency and executive function. We also found significant associations between the BOLD signal activation and performance on language-specific neuropsychological tests (NEPSY verbal fluency score, Verbal IQ) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. This study suggests that children with TBI have significantly different brain activation patterns in language circuitry compared to children with orthopedic injuries. Although we found clear differences in brain activation between the two groups, conventional MR images showed no evidence of structural abnormalities in five of eight children with TBI. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and potential utility of fMRI as a means of quantifying changes associated with language deficits in future pediatric TBI studies.
Transition to electric vehicles in China: Implications for private motorization rate and battery market

Abstract China has recently enacted the dual-credit mandate to replace the existing subsidies as a continued effort to electrify its ground transportation sector. This study quantifies the impacts of such policy transition on private motorization rate and battery market. Throughout the next decade, affordability remains the determinant for vehicle purchases; forcing broader adoption of pricier battery-powered cars without subsidies will inevitably diminish the market growth. Under the mandate, China's electric vehicle sales will continue to grow through 2030 despite the temporary car market contraction. Cumulative private electric vehicle sales are projected to reach 66 million by 2030 (with 37% sales market share); this will drive the battery demand from China's private car sector to expand rapidly and accumulate ~420 GWh (2 million tonnes) of spent lithium-ion batteries. This significant increase in battery demand will exacerbate pressure on the global supply for lithium and cobalt. The cobalt demand from China's private vehicle sector in 2030 alone would be almost half of the total global cobalt production in 2017; up to 16% of this 2030 demand could be satisfied by battery recycling. A recycling-based battery supply chain is needed to alleviate the concerns of supply shortages and to achieve a circular economy.
Mpl is activated by dimers of MPN-linked calreticulin mutants stabilized by disulfide bonds and ionic interactions

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are frequently driven by insertions and deletions within the gene encoding calreticulin (CRT). CRTDel52 and CRTIns5 are recurrent mutations. Although oncogenic transformation requires both mutated CRT and the myeloproliferative leukemia protein (Mpl), the molecular mechanism of CRT-mediated constitutive activation of Mpl is unknown. Our studies reveal that the novel C-domain of CRTDel52 encodes specificity both for Mpl binding and for disulfide-mediated CRT dimerization. Disulfide-stabilized CRTDel52 dimers and multimers are observed in MPN patient-derived platelet lysates and in transfected mammalian cells. Cysteine mutations within both the novel C-domain (C400A and C404A) and the conserved N-domain (C163A) of CRTDel52 are required to reduce disulfide-mediated dimers and multimers of CRTDel52. Based on these data and published structures of crystalized CRT oligomers, we tested the relevance of ionic interactions between charged residues proximal to C163 at the N-domain dimerization interface. Charge alteration at these residues affected dimerization and multimerization of both wild type and CRTDel52. Elimination of intermolecular disulfides and disruption of ionic interactions at both proposed dimerization interfaces was required to abrogate the ability of CRTDel52 to induce cytokine-independent cell proliferation via Mpl. Based on these findings, we propose a structural model of the Mpl-activating CRTDel52 unit as a covalently-linked dimer that is stabilized by disulfides and ionic interactions at both the C-domain and N-domain. MPNs exploit a natural dimerization interface of CRT combined with C-domain gain-of-functions to achieve cell transformation.
Decision-Making Visual Aids for Late, Imaging-Guided Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background and purpose Speedy decision-making is important for optimal outcomes from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Figural decision aids facilitate rapid review of treatment benefits and harms, but have not yet been developed for late-presenting patients selected for EVT based on multimodal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Methods For combined pooled study-level randomized trial (DAWN and DEFUSE 3) data, as well as each trial singly, 100 person-icon arrays (Kuiper-Marshall personographs) were generated showing beneficial and adverse effects of EVT for patients with AIS and large vessel occlusion using automated (algorithmic) and expert-guided joint outcome table specification. Results Among imaging-selected patients 6 to 24 hours from last known well, for the full 7-category modified Rankin Scale (mRS), EVT had number needed to treat to benefit 1.9 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.9 to 2.1) and number needed to harm 40.0 (IQR, 29.2 to 58.3). Visual displays of treatment effects among 100 patients showed that, with EVT: 52 patients have better disability outcome, including 32 more achieving functional independence (mRS 0 to 2); three patients have worse disability outcome, including one more experiencing severe disability or death (mRS 5 to 6), mediated by symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and infarct in new territory. Similar features were present in person-icon figures based on a 6-level mRS (levels 5 and 6 combined) rather than 7-level mRS, and based on the DAWN trial alone and DEFUSE 3 trial alone. Conclusions Personograph visual decision aids are now available to rapidly educate patients, family, and healthcare providers regarding benefits and risks of EVT for late-presenting, imaging-selected AIS patients.
Anti‐Tumor Necrosis Factor Drug Responses and Skin‐Blood DNA Methylation Age: Relationships in Moderate‐to‐Severe Psoriasis

Studies have examined the utility of DNA methylation as a biomarker of psoriasis treatment responses, but investigations of treatment responses with Skin-Blood DNA methylation age (SkinBloodAge)-a methylation-based measure of health designed using skin tissues-are lacking. Using a HumanMethylation450 BeadChip blood DNA methylation data set from 70 white patients who presented with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and were treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in Madrid, Spain, we examined the cross-sectional relationships of SkinBloodAge with anti-TNF treatment responses. Partial responders had a 7.2-year higher mean SkinBloodAge than excellent responders (P = .03). In linear regression models adjusted for chronological age, sex and anti-TNF agents - on average - partial responders had a 2.65-year higher SkinBloodAge than excellent responders (95%CI: 0.44, 4.86, P = .02). This relationship was attenuated in a sensitivity analysis adjusting for white blood cells including known T-cell mediators of psoriasis pathophysiology (β = 1.91-years, 95%CI: -0.50, 4.32, P = .12). Overall, our study suggests that partial responders to anti-TNF therapy have higher SkinBloodAges when compared to excellent responders. Although these findings still need to be confirmed more broadly, they further suggest that SkinBloodAge may be a useful treatment response biomarker that can be incorporated with other blood tests before anti-TNF therapy initiation in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients.
Identifying opportunities for local assisted expansion of coastal upland vegetation in an urban estuary

Abstract Resilience planning requires an understanding of the potential impact of accelerated sea level rise on the narrow coastal habitats between the sea and the built environment in urban estuaries. Preliminary work suggests that facilitating expansion of coastal upland vegetation (grasslands and maritime shrubland/successional maritime forest) may improve resilience. We created a GIS model for Jamaica Bay, New York to identify areas of inland salt marsh migration induced by sea level rise and map potential locations for expansion of coastal upland vegetation through plantings of local provenance given land use, soil type, and adjacency to predicted future salt marshes. We predicted that regularly flooded salt marshes (low marsh) will comprise the large majority of salt marsh area (89% up from 68% currently) in the coming century due to daily tides covering areas currently categorized as irregularly flooded salt marsh (high marsh), brackish marsh and coastal upland vegetation. Considering land use, 16% of the area suitable for coastal upland vegetation within the coastal buffer zone could be considered possible sites for local assisted coastal upland vegetation expansion with about a fifth of those areas adjacent to predicted new sea level rise induced inland salt marsh areas. Parks and recreational facilities (43%) and open space (32%) were the dominant land uses available for local assisted coastal upland vegetation expansion adjacent to predicted new sea level rise induced inland salt marsh areas. Potential sites for local assisted coastal upland vegetation expansion were considerably more numerous on sandy soils than on loamy sand soils. Maintained lawn and shrubs and the borders of roads and railroads provided available space in areas disjunct from the predicted new salt marsh areas. Our study of opportunities for local assisted expansion of coastal upland vegetation fills a gap within existing models and informs land managers of predicted future inland salt marsh migration locations, regions of existing vegetation to support, and areas where restoration plantings may help sustain coastal upland vegetative communities and their many ecological services.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Alcohol Consumption and Its Concordance with Transdermal Alcohol Detection and Timeline Follow‐Back Self‐report Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness

Background Studies of alcohol use presume valid assessment measures. To evaluate this presumption, we examined the concordance of alcohol use as measured by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) self-reports, transdermal alcohol concentration readings via the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM), and retrospective self-reports via the Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) among adults experiencing homelessness. Methods Forty-nine adults who reported alcohol misuse (mean age = 47, SD = 9; 57% Black; 82% men) were recruited from a homeless shelter. For 4 weeks, alcohol use was assessed: (i) 5 times or more per day by EMA, (ii) every 30 minutes by a SCRAM device worn on the ankle, and (iii) by TLFB for the past month at the end of the study period. There were 1,389 days of observations of alcohol use and alcohol use intensity for 49 participants. Results EMA and SCRAM alcohol use data agreed on 73% of days, with an interrater agreement Kappa = 0.46. A multilevel analysis of concordance of 3 measures for alcohol use yielded statistically significant correlations of 0.40 (day level) and 0.63 (person level) between EMA and SCRAM. Alcohol use was detected on 49, 38, and 33% of days by EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB, respectively. For alcohol use intensity, EMA and SCRAM resulted in statistically significant correlations of 0.46 (day level) and 0.78 (person level). The concordance of TLFB with either EMA or SCRAM was weak, especially at the day level. Conclusions This is the first study to examine concordance of alcohol use estimates using EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB methods in adults experiencing homelessness. EMA is a valid approach to quantifying alcohol use, especially given its relatively low cost, low participant burden, and ease of use. Furthermore, any stigma associated with wearing the SCRAM or reporting alcohol use in person may be attenuated by using EMA, which may be appealing for use in studies of stigmatized and underserved populations.
Development of highly reflective mirrors for III-nitrides from green to UV

GaN-based vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential applications in solid-state lighting, optical communications, laser printing, and display technologies. The main challenge in the development and commercialization of GaN-based VCSELs is the absence of electrically conductive epitaxial distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with high crystal quality and near-unity reflection. The GaN VCSELs based on the epitaxial (AlGaN/GaN or AlInN/GaN) DBRs and dielectric DBRs have been actively studied and demonstrated by several research groups. Besides, the blue VCSELs using the lattice-matched and electrically conductive nanoporous (NP) GaN DBR, composed of GaN/NP GaN alternating layers fabricated in a manufacturable way, have been recently demonstrated by our group and University of New Mexico. We will discuss these DBR mirror technologies as well as the nano-engineering based on the electrochemistry to create NP (Al)GaN as a low index medium. The selective nanopore formation/fabrication, mainly depending on the electrical conductivity contrast between the alternating layers, can be carried out on a large scale and barely necessitates complex growth techniques and structural limitations, resulting in manufacturable DBR fabrication for III-nitrides from green to UV.
An 84-Year-Old Physician With Progressive Dyspnea and Bilateral Upper Lobe Opacities

Case Presentation An 84-year-old physician was seen in the pulmonary clinic with 10 days of progressive exertional dyspnea, night sweats, and dry cough. For the past 5 months, he had been taking ibuprofen for lumbar radiculopathy from spinal stenosis. Ten days earlier, ibuprofen was switched to naproxen 250 mg twice daily because of its longer half-life. He denied fever, weight loss, rash, dysphagia, proximal muscle weakness, wheeze, sinus congestion, and peripheral numbness/tingling. Medical history included paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and OSA. Long-term medications included aspirin, flecainide, atorvastatin, amlodipine, levothyroxine, and candesartan. He was a lifelong nonsmoker. There was no history of recent travel.
Statistical and temporal analysis of a novel multivariate time series data for food engineering

Abstract In this paper, we conduct a statistical and temporal analysis to analyze dynamic factors for the temporal heterogeneity, complexity, similarity, and discrepancy on a novel location aware multivariate time series dataset. The dataset represents the temperature variations across 6 different shipments with 9 sensors in each shipment monitoring and recording sensory data at 15 − min intervals across multiple days. Each container had three instrumented pallets where each pallet had a temperature sensor placed near the top, middle and the bottom of the pallet for a total of nine sensors in each shipment. The goal of this paper is to primarily introduce the dataset, make it available to other researchers, provide its descriptive statistics with some time series visualization, and time-series statistical and temporal analysis. Finally, Potential use − cases of machine learning and data analytics are discussed for a few application domains.
Towards Co-designing Neural Network Function Approximators with In-SRAM Computing

We propose a co-design approach for compute-in-memory inference for deep neural networks (DNN). We use multiplication-free function approximators based on $l1$ norm along with a co-adapted processing array and compute flow. Using the approach, we overcame many deficiencies in the current art of in-SRAM DNN processing, such as the need for DACs at each operating SRAM row/column, high precision ADCs, and limited support for multi-bit precision weights, and limited vector-scale parallelism. We also propose an SRAM-immersed successive approximation ADC (SA-ADC). We exploit the parasitic capacitance of bit lines of SRAM array as a capacitive DAC, allowing low area implementation of within-SRAM SA-ADC. Our $8\times 62$ SRAM macro requires a 5-bit ADC, achieves 105TOPS/W with 8-bit input/weight processing at 45 nm CMOS. We evaluated the performance of our proposed network for MNIST, CIFAR10, and CIFAR100 datasets. We chose a network configuration which adaptively mixes multiplication-free and regular operators. The network configurations utilize the multiplication-free operator for more than 85% operations from the total. The selected configurations are 98.6% accurate for MNIST, 90.2% for CIFAR10, and 66.9% for CIFAR100. Since most of the operations in the considered configurations are based on proposed SRAM macros, our compute-in-memory's efficiency benefits broadly translate to the system-level.
Vesicouterine Fistula: A Robotic Approach.

This video demonstrates surgical repair of a vesicouterine fistula via a robotic, uterine-sparing approach. In this video, we present a vesicouterine fistula, which occurred after cesarean delivery. The patient presented with cyclical hematuria 4 years following delivery. She underwent uterine-conserving robotic repair via excision of the fistula tract through an intentional cystotomy. The uterus and bladder were closed in multiple layers. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and CT cystogram 6 weeks following surgery demonstrated no concern for defect or recurrent fistulization. The patient was asymptomatic 9 months following her procedure. Repair of a vesicouterine fistula may be safely completed via a minimally invasive approach without need for routine hysterectomy.
Economic Narratives and Market Outcomes: A Semi-supervised Topic Modeling Approach

I employ the seeded Latent Dirichlet Process (sLDA) model in natural language processing to extract the narratives discussed by Shiller (2019) from nearly seven million New York Times articles over the past 150 years. The estimation scheme is designed to avoid any look-ahead bias in constructing the monthly narrative weights. Among the narratives considered, the most important one is Panic, which encompasses various stress- and anxiety-related themes including economic downturns, wars, political tensions, and epidemics. I find that Panic and a narrative index that loads heavily on Panic are strong positive predictors of excess U.S. market return and negative predictors of both realized and implied market volatility. I document empirical support for Panic as a proxy for time-varying risk aversion, consistent with a univariate version of the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM). The predictability of narratives over market returns holds at both market and portfolio level and at both monthly and daily interval, and importantly is increasing over time.
Long-term outcomes in patients treated with flecainide for atrial fibrillation with stable coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) have been associated with harm in patients treated for ventricular arrhythmias with a prior myocardial infarction. Consensus guidelines have advocated that these drugs not be used in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, long-term data are lacking to know if unique risks exist when these drugs are used for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with CAD without a prior myocardial infarction. METHODS In 24,315 patients treated with the initiation of AADs, two populations were evaluated: (1) propensity-matched AF patients with CAD were created based upon AAD class (flecainide, n = 1,114, vs class-3 AAD, n = 1,114) and (2) AF patients who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft (flecainide, n = 150, and class-3 AAD, n = 1,453). Outcomes at 3 years for mortality, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and MACE were compared between the groups. RESULTS At 3 years, mortality (9.1% vs 19.3%, P < .0001), HF hospitalization (12.5% vs 18.3%, P < .0001), MACE (22.9% vs 36.6%, P < .0001), and VT (5.8% vs 8.5%, P = .02) rates were significantly lower in the flecainide group for population 1. In population 2, adverse event rates were also lower, although not significantly, in the flecainide compared to the class-3 AAD group for mortality (20.9% vs 25.8%, P = .26), HF hospitalization (24.5% vs 26.1%, P = .73), VT (10.9% vs 14.7%, P = .28) and MACE (44.5% vs 49.5%, P = .32). CONCLUSIONS Flecainide in select patients with stable CAD for AF has a favorable safety profile compared to class-3 AADs. These data suggest the need for prospective trials of flecainide in AF patients with CAD to determine if the current guideline-recommended exclusion is warranted.
The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats.

Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposures during critical periods of development may influence neuronal development and the manifestation of sexually dimorphic sociability and social novelty behaviors in adulthood. In this study, we assessed the effects of gestational exposure to PCBs on the social behavior of males and females later in adulthood. A weakly estrogenic PCB mixture, Aroclor 1221 (A1221, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) was administered to pregnant Sprague–Dawley rat dams. Both a positive control (estradiol benzoate; EB, 50 μg/kg) and negative control (dimethylsulfoxide; DMSO in sesame oil vehicle) were similarly administered to separate sets of dams. The sexes responded differently in two tasks essential to sociality. Using a three-chamber apparatus that contained a caged, same-sex, gonadectomized stimulus animal and an empty stimulus cage, we found that both sexes showed a strong preference for affiliating with a stimulus animal (vs. an empty cage), an effect that was much more pronounced in the males. In the second task, a novel and a familiar stimulus animal were caged at opposite ends of the same apparatus. Females displayed a higher degree of novelty preference than the males. During both tests, females had significantly higher social approach behaviors while male engaged in significantly more interactive behaviors with the conspecific. Of particular interest, males born of dams that received prenatal A1221 (0.5 mg/kg) exhibited an overall decrease in nose-to-nose investigations. These behavioral data suggest that the males are more sensitive to A1221 treatment than are females. In addition to behavioral analysis, serum corticosterone was measured. Females born of dams treated with A1221 (0.5 mg/kg) had significantly higher concentrations of corticosterone than the DMSO female group; males were unaffected. Females also had significantly higher corticosterone concentrations than did males. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of gestational exposure to PCBs on adult social behavior are relatively limited within this particular paradigm.
Specificity of Myelin Basic Proteins

A number of studies have appeared in the last ten years on the isolation from central nervous system (CNS) of certain highly basic proteins which are capable of inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).(1–10) These studies have depended largely on tests of biological activity to monitor the fractionation procedures. Such tests are still an important part of our investigative procedures, even though the myelin basic proteins(2) are probably the best characterized of the proteins isolated from the CNS. They have been isolated from many species, and the amino acid compositions of several have been reported.(7–13) Considerable information is also available regarding amino acid sequence of certain parts of the molecule.(8,14)
Applicability of Web 2.0: Training for Tactical Military Applications

This paper is a report on the findings of a study conducted on a doctoral level virtual course utilizing Second Life for usability and interaction. The project from this course allowed for further exploration of training servicemen from other nations in decision making techniques to include a level of familiarization with various technologies. As Second Life is a low cost tool this could prove invaluable to offset training costs to involve getting servicemen to understand technologies through simulation. Currently the available tools are costly and as government looks for ways to save costs Second Life can prove to be a valuable tool. As the future of web interaction is virtual it becomes essential that organizations take advantage of the available tools at their disposal. In the book Technology's Promise: Expert Knowledge on the Transformation of Business and Society written by W. E. Halal mentioned is the shift of societies online. As this shift occurs in the civilian sector it must also begin to occur the government sector additionally.
Cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation: Protective effect of excess dietary zinc

Abstract Reproductive performance and fetal cellular growth and development were investigated in laboratory rats chronically fed low drinking water levels (0, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 μg/ml) of cadmium (Cd), a known embryotoxic trace element, through gestation. Maternal daily food and water consumption, total weight gain, maternal weight gain, and feed efficiency all decreased with increasing Cd consumption. Term fetal weight was significantly less than that of control subjects only in the group fed 100 μg Cd/ml drinking water. Total litter weight, however, gradually decreased with increasing Cd concentration due to reduced litter size. Fetal growth retardation was a result of decreased cell division (DNA) and cell growth (protein/DNA ratio). When dams were pair-fed the average daily amount of food consumed by those fed 100 μg Cd/ml drinking water, maternal weight gain and fetal weight, DNA, and protein/DNA ratio were increased, but not to control levels. Dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation (5.0 μg/ml drinking water) of Cd-fed dams increased maternal food consumption and fetal weight, DNA, and protein/DNA ratio to control levels. Fetal levels of Cd were extremely low (0.038 to 0.095 μg/gm fetus) and did not increase with increasing Cd consumption, while placental Cd increased more than 10-fold. Fetal Zn was decreased in Cd-fed dams, and Zn supplementation increased fetal Zn levels, but not to control levels. These results suggest that Cd-induced fetal growth retardation is an indirect rather than a direct effect, resulting from reduced maternal food consumption and metabolism. Since dietary Zn blocks these effects, Cd may be a result of induced Zn deficiency.