cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initialization-free distributed coordination for economic dispatch under varying loads and generator commitment

This paper considers the economic dispatch problem for a network of power generating units communicating over a strongly connected, weight-balanced digraph. The collective aim is to meet a power demand while respecting individual generator constraints and minimizing the total generation cost. In power networks, this problem is also referred to as tertiary control. We design a distributed coordination algorithm consisting of two interconnected dynamical systems. One block uses dynamic average consensus to estimate the evolving mismatch in load satisfaction given the generation levels of the units. The other block adjusts the generation levels based on the optimization objective and the estimate of the load mismatch. Our convergence analysis shows that the resulting strategy provably converges to the solution of the dispatch problem starting from any initial power allocation, and therefore does not require any specific procedure for initialization. We also characterize the algorithm robustness properties against the addition and deletion of units (capturing scenarios with intermittent power generation) and its ability to track time-varying loads. Our technical approach employs a novel refinement of the LaSalle Invariance Principle for differential inclusions, that we also establish and is of independent interest. Several simulations illustrate our results.
Using Lagged Outcomes to Evaluate Bias in Value-Added Models

Abstract Value-added (VA) models measure agents' productivity based on the outcomes they produce. The utility of VA models for performance evaluation depends on the extent to which VA estimates are...
Examining the Nuance in Public Opinion of Pro-LGB Policies in a “Red State”

The red-blue state and urban–rural narratives—which depict that people living in red states and rural areas oppose pro-LGB policies—are popular frames for describing variation in public opinion of LGB policies by geographic region. In a test case of a red state, we examine public opinion of pro-LGB policies to assess the accuracy of the red–blue and urban–rural narratives. Using data from a survey of Nebraskans (n = 1608), we found that public opinion was more nuanced than the red state narrative allows but that urban and rural respondents reported significantly different opinions of pro-LGB policies. Rural people, however, were not unsupportive of all pro-LGB policies. Among all Nebraskans, support was higher for policies to protect LGB people from housing and job discrimination while support was lower for marriage and adoption rights. We discuss what these findings mean for public policy, urban and rural LGB individuals, and future public opinion studies of LGB issues.
PlanetSense: a real-time streaming and spatio-temporal analytics platform for gathering geo-spatial intelligence from open source data

Geospatial intelligence has traditionally relied on the use of archived and unvarying data for planning and exploration purposes. In consequence, the tools and methods that are architected to provide insight and generate projections only rely on such datasets. Albeit, if this approach has proven effective in several cases, such as land use identification and route mapping, it has severely restricted the ability of researchers to inculcate current information in their work. This approach is inadequate in scenarios requiring real-time information to act and to adjust in ever changing dynamic environments, such as evacuation and rescue missions. In this work, we propose PlanetSense, a platform for geospatial intelligence that is built to harness the existing power of archived data and add to that, the dynamics of real-time streams, seamlessly integrated with sophisticated data mining algorithms and analytics tools for generating operational intelligence on the fly. The platform has four main components -- i) GeoData Cloud -- a data architecture for storing and managing disparate datasets; ii) Mechanism to harvest real-time streaming data; iii) Data analytics framework; iv) Presentation and visualization through web interface and RESTful services. Using two case studies, we underpin the necessity of our platform in modeling ambient population and building occupancy at scale.
Density Level Sets: Asymptotics, Inference, and Visualization

ABSTRACTWe study the plug-in estimator for density level sets under Hausdorff loss. We derive asymptotic theory for this estimator, and based on this theory, we develop two bootstrap confidence regions for level sets. We introduce a new technique for visualizing density level sets, even in multidimensions, which is easy to interpret and efficient to compute. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Patent Protection in a Model of Economic Growth in Multiple Regions

We study the effects of patent protection on economic growth in the ith region when this ith region is part of an aggregate economy of i = 1,…,N regions. The regulatory authority in the ith region attempts to curtail the monopoly power of patent holding input producers by requiring them to charge a price that is parametrically related to the unconstrained monopoly price. Our analysis generates three results. First, we show the manner in which the equilibrium growth rate of the ith region is related to the above mentioned parameter. Second, we demonstrate the impact that changes in the stringency of patent protection have on the ith region’s equilibrium growth rate. Finally, we explain why eliminating the monopoly distortion does not maximize social welfare in the ith region.
Alternating direction method of multipliers for penalized zero-variance discriminant analysis

We consider the task of classification in the high dimensional setting where the number of features of the given data is significantly greater than the number of observations. To accomplish this task, we propose a heuristic, called sparse zero-variance discriminant analysis, for simultaneously performing linear discriminant analysis and feature selection on high dimensional data. This method combines classical zero-variance discriminant analysis, where discriminant vectors are identified in the null space of the sample within-class covariance matrix, with penalization applied to induce sparse structures in the resulting vectors. To approximately solve the resulting nonconvex problem, we develop a simple algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Further, we show that this algorithm is applicable to a larger class of penalized generalized eigenvalue problems, including a particular relaxation of the sparse principal component analysis problem. Finally, we establish theoretical guarantees for convergence of our algorithm to stationary points of the original nonconvex problem, and empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our heuristic for classifying simulated data and data drawn from applications in time-series classification.
Price interaction in state-level renewable energy credit trading programs

Abstract Renewable portfolio standards have been promoted and implemented as market-based incentives for encouraging renewable generation. Markets for RECs in Massachusetts and Connecticut do not consistently behave according to hypothesized fundamentals. Regardless of the reason for this divergence, one must be skeptical that the two state programs have created an efficient, fundamental-driven market.
Fast Principal-Component Analysis Reveals Convergent Evolution of ADH1B in Europe and East Asia

Searching for genetic variants with unusual differentiation between subpopulations is an established approach for identifying signals of natural selection. However, existing methods generally require discrete subpopulations. We introduce a method that infers selection using principal components (PCs) by identifying variants whose differentiation along top PCs is significantly greater than the null distribution of genetic drift. To enable the application of this method to large datasets, we developed the FastPCA software, which employs recent advances in random matrix theory to accurately approximate top PCs while reducing time and memory cost from quadratic to linear in the number of individuals, a computational improvement of many orders of magnitude. We apply FastPCA to a cohort of 54,734 European Americans, identifying 5 distinct subpopulations spanning the top 4 PCs. Using the PC-based test for natural selection, we replicate previously known selected loci and identify three new genome-wide significant signals of selection, including selection in Europeans at ADH1B. The coding variant rs1229984∗T has previously been associated to a decreased risk of alcoholism and shown to be under selection in East Asians; we show that it is a rare example of independent evolution on two continents. We also detect selection signals at IGFBP3 and IGH, which have also previously been associated to human disease.
Rational choice: the contrast between economics and psychology

Rational Choice-the published record of a conference on economics and psychology-frames the issues as a contest between economic theory and the falsifying evidence from psychology. According to a third perspective, that of experimental economics, most standard theory provides a correct first approximation in predicting motivated behavior in laboratory experimental markets, but the theory is incomplete, particularly in articulating convergence processes in time and in ignoring decision cost. This view has roots in the work of Herbert Simon and Sidney Siegel, but it is not plainly represented in contemporary research in economic psychology.
Fuel Cells

A comparison is drawn between the theoretical efficiencies of heat engines and fuel cells in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy. The electrochemical principles governing the operation of fuel cells are discussed. Short descriptions, including performance curves, are given of a few selected fuel-cell types including low-, intermediate-, and high-temperature cells, and redox and regenerative cells. An example is given of a rough calculation of battery and fuel weight and volume for a given power level and total energy demand.
The Radiofrequency Spectrum of Rb 85 F and Rb 87 F by the Electric Resonance Method

The radiofrequency spectrum of the two molecular species ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$F was studied by the molecular beam electric resonance method. The electrical quadrupole interaction constant, $\frac{e{q}_{1}{Q}_{1}}{h}$, of Rb in RbF was determined for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$F in rotational states $J=1$ and $J=2$ for the first few vibrational states, and for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F in rotational state $J=1$ for the first few vibrational states. The interaction constants are unusually large for an alkali halide molecule; for the zeroth vibrational state of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F, $\frac{e{q}_{1}{Q}_{1}}{h}=\ensuremath{-}70.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ Mc/sec. and for the zeroth vibrational state of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$F, $\frac{e{q}_{1}{Q}_{1}}{h}=\ensuremath{-}34.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ Mc/sec. The absolute value of the interaction constant decreases about 1.1 percent from one vibrational state to the next higher one; the values of the interaction constants for rotational states $J=1$ and $J=2$ are the same within the limit of error. The ratio of the electric quadrupole moment of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ to that of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ is +2.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01. Results are reported on the spin-orbit coupling ${c}_{2}({\mathbf{I}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{J})$, between the spin of the fluorine nucleus and the molecular rotational angular momentum. For the zeroth vibrational state of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F, $|\frac{{c}_{2}}{h}|=11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ kc/sec. and for the zeroth vibrational state of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$F, $|\frac{{c}_{2}}{h}|=14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ kc/sec. No variation in $|\frac{{c}_{2}}{h}|$, with vibrational state was observed. Finally, an unpredicted line group was observed in the spectrum at one-half the frequency of one of the line groups in the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F spectrum. Possible origins of this line group are discussed, including that of a double quantum transition. The vibrational frequency, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$, of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$F is 340\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}68 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Anaphylactic shock in the pertussis vaccinated mouse.

Abstract 1.1. It has been confirmed that H. pertussis vaccination of white mice produces a fiftyfold increase in histamine sensitivity. 2.2. Brucella abortus vaccine enhanced histamine sensitivity to a much less but significant degree. 3.3. Mice immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of H. pertussis vaccine and horse serum become markedly anaphylactically sensitive to the serum. Brucella abortus vaccine has a somewhat similar effect on anaphylaxis. 4.4. The results of further experimentation seem to substantiate the impression that histamine plays a minor role in anaphylaxis in the mouse even when the mouse has been made markedly histamine sensitive. 5.5. The possible relationship between the enhancement of experimental anaphylaxis by H. pertussis vaccine and the questionable observation of the production of the clinical syndrome of paralysis following vaccination is discussed.
Technology development for deep tissue multiphoton imaging

Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy (MPM) of mouse brain using 1280-nm excitation is presented. Several practical issues and a promising new femtosecond fiber source for long wavelength MPM will be discussed.
Metabolism of 14C-penfluron in the Boll Weevil

The metabolism of 14C-penfluron (2,6-difluoro- N -[[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]14C-carbonyl]benzamide) was studied in Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Recoveries of radioactivity of 99 and 94.36% were obtained after 4 days and 1 week, respectively, from weevils that had been injected with 124,970 dpm (4.61 μg/weevil). On the basis of the total injected amount, 97.74% of the label recovered from the extract of weevils 4 days posttreatment were unchanged penfluron and 0.16% was conjugates. Similarly at 1 week posttreatment, 90.56% were unchanged penfluron and 0.2% was conjugates. Less than 1% of additional radioactivity was recovered from weevil residues in both experiments. Four days posttreatment, recovery from excreta extract was 1.02%; 0.33% was unchanged penfluron; 0.06% was 2,6-difluorobenzamide; and 0.63% was conjugates. Similarly, at 1 week posttreatment the recovery from excreta extract was 3.41%; 1.33% were unchanged penfluron; 0.20% was 2,6-difluorobenzamide; and 1.87% were conjugates. The conjugates consisted of 2 metabolites which upon acid hydrolysis yielded a single relatively nonpolar metabolite that was assumed to be a hydroxylated derivative of penfluron.
Fe-Catalyzed Direct α C–H Amination of Carbonyl Compounds

A direct Fe-catalyzed α-amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been accomplished using arylhydroxylamines as aminating agents. This novel protocol allows convenient access to α-amino carbonyl derivatives without the need for any postreaction manipulations. This is an operationally simple procedure that works at low temperatures in shorter reaction times and produces high yields with excellent N-selectivity.
Subset selection procedures with special reference to the analysis of two-way layout: application to motor-vehicle fatality data

In this paper, the origin of selection and ranking problems is discussed. Then the two basic approaches to the selection problem - the indifference zone approach and the subset selection approach - are reviewed briefly. As an application, Gupta's subset selection procedure is applied to motorvehicle fatality data which fits into a two-way layout.
Predicting density functional theory total energies and enthalpies of formation of metal-nonmetal compounds by linear regression

The availability of quantitatively accurate total energies $({E}_{\mathrm{tot}})$ of atoms, molecules, and solids, enabled by the development of density functional theory (DFT), has transformed solid state physics, quantum chemistry, and materials science by allowing direct calculations of measureable quantities, such as enthalpies of formation $(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f})$. Still, the ability to compute ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$ values does not, necessarily, provide insights into the physical mechanisms behind their magnitudes or chemical trends. Here, we examine a large set of calculated ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$ values obtained from the DFT+$U$-based fitted elemental-phase reference energies (FERE) approach [V. Stevanovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, S. Lany, X. Zhang, and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 85, 115104 (2012)] to probe relationships between the ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$ of metal-nonmetal compounds in their ground-state crystal structures and properties describing the compound compositions and their elemental constituents. From a stepwise linear regression, we develop a linear model for ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}$, and consequently $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$, that reproduces calculated FERE values with a mean absolute error of \ensuremath{\sim}80 meV/atom. The most significant contributions to the model include calculated total energies of the constituent elements in their reference phases (e.g., metallic iron or gas phase ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$), atomic ionization energies and electron affinities, Pauling electronegativity differences, and atomic electric polarizabilities. These contributions are discussed in the context of their connection to the underlying physics. We also demonstrate that our ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$ model can be directly extended to predict the ${E}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{H}_{f}$ of compounds outside the set used to develop the model.
Sexual Transmission of Enteric Protozoa and Helminths in a Venereal-Disease-Clinic Population

Abstract We examined the prevalence of enteric protozoan and helminthic infections and the associations between infection and gender, sexual preference, and sexual practices in 180 consecutive patients at a venereal-disease clinic. Of 163 men, 29 were infected with one or more enteric parasites. None of the 17 women had an enteric infection. The prevalence of infections with Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia (or both) was 21.5 per cent in homosexual men, 6.2 per cent in bisexual men, and 0 in heterosexual men. There were significant associations between oral-anal sex and infection with E. histolytica (P<0.01) or with helminths (P<0.05). Homosexuality and oral-anal sex were the most important risk factors for E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and helminthic infections. We conclude the "hyperendemic" enteric protozoan infection rates in homosexual men are related to three factors: the original endemic level in the general population; the prevalence of sexual acts that facilitate transmission; and the frequ...
Enzyme Cascade for Catalyzing Sucrose Oxidation in a Biofuel Cell

Biofuel cells provide a safe and renewable means of powering small electronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate a bioanode that is capable of extracting four electrons from a single molecule of sucrose by way of a three-enzyme cascade. Invertase, fructose dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase are immobilized in a ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) hydrogel onto the surface of a carbon electrode. Fuel sources are generated in the polymer film by (1) hydrolyzing sucrose into fructose and glucose and then (2) electroenzymatically oxidizing fructose and glucose to produce a current response. A previously unreported synergistic effect is observed between glucose oxidase and fructose dehydrogenase that results in a current response that is considerably higher than expected. The newly described enzyme cascade generated 302 ± 57 μA/cm2 at 25 °C and 602 ± 62 μA/cm2 at 37 °C and when poised against an air breathing platinum cathode in a biofuel cell, the multienzyme-containing film generated 42 ± 1...
Peak capacity of ion mobility mass spectrometry: separation of peptides in helium buffer gas.

Abstract Advances in the field of proteomics depend upon the development of high-throughput separation methods. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry is a fast separation method (separations on the millisecond time-scale), which has potential for peptide complex mixture analysis. Possible disadvantages of this technique center around the lack of orthogonality between separation based on ion mobility and separation based on mass. In order to examine the utility of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, the peak capacity ( φ ) of the technique was estimated by subjecting a large dataset of peptides to linear regression analysis to determine an average trend for tryptic peptides. This trend-line, along with the deviation from a linear relationship observed for this dataset, was used to define the separation space for ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Using the maximum deviation found in the dataset (±11%) the peak capacity of ion mobility-mass spectrometry is ∼2600 peptides. These results are discussed in light of other factors that may increase the peak capacity of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (i.e. multiple trends in the data resulting from multiple classes of compounds present in a sample) and current liquid chromatography approaches to complex peptide mixture analysis.
Multidisciplinary simulation acceleration using multiple shared memory graphical processing units

In this article, we describe the strategies and programming techniques used in porting a multidisciplinary fluid/thermal interaction procedure to graphical processing units GPUs. We discuss the strategies for selecting which disciplines or routines are chosen for use on GPUs rather than CPUs. In addition, we describe the programming techniques including use of Compute Unified Device Architecture CUDA, mixed-language Fortran/C/CUDA usage, Fortran/C memory mapping of arrays, and GPU optimization. We solve all equations using the multi-block, structured grid, finite volume numerical technique, with the dual time-step scheme used for unsteady simulations. Our numerical solver code targets CUDA-capable GPUs produced by NVIDIA. We use NVIDIA Tesla C2050/C2070 GPUs based on the Fermi architecture and compare our resulting performance against Intel Xeon X5690 CPUs. Individual solver routines converted to CUDA typically run about 10 times faster on a GPU for sufficiently dense computational grids. We used a conjugate cylinder computational grid and ran a turbulent steady flow simulation using four increasingly dense computational grids. Our densest computational grid is divided into 13 blocks each containing 1033×1033 grid points, for a total of 13.87 million grid points or 1.07 million grid points per domain block. Comparing the performance of eight GPUs to that of eight CPUs, we obtain an overall speedup of about 6.0 when using our densest computational grid. This amounts to an 8-GPU simulation running about 39.5 times faster than running than a single-CPU simulation.
Hydrodecarboxylation of Carboxylic and Malonic Acid Derivatives via Organic Photoredox Catalysis: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insight

A direct, catalytic hydrodecarboxylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids is reported. The catalytic system consists of a Fukuzumi acridinium photooxidant with phenyldisulfide acting as a redox-active cocatalyst. Substoichiometric quantities of Hunig’s base are used to reveal the carboxylate. Use of trifluoroethanol as a solvent allowed for significant improvements in substrate compatibilities, as the method reported is not limited to carboxylic acids bearing α heteroatoms or phenyl substitution. This method has been applied to the direct double decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives, which allows for the convenient use of dimethyl malonate as a methylene synthon. Kinetic analysis of the reaction is presented showing a lack of a kinetic isotope effect when generating deuterothiophenol in situ as a hydrogen atom donor. Further kinetic analysis demonstrated first-order kinetics with respect to the carboxylate, while the reaction is zero-order in acridinium catalyst, consistent with ...
Hydrohalogenative aromatization of multiynes promoted by ruthenium alkylidene complexes

A new functionalization method of arynes promoted by a novel catalytic role of the Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene complex is described. Through a sequence of aryne formation followed by their halo-functionalization, various bis-1,3-diynes were directly converted to functionalized aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides in good yields in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium alkylidene complex and halogenated hydrocarbons such as CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CH2Br2, and CH2I2. The utility of this novel transformation is demonstrated by a formal synthesis of herbindole B.
Implications of a scale invariant model of statistical mechanics to nonstandard analysis and the wave equation

A scale-invariant model of statistical mechanics is applied to examine the physical foundation of nonstandard analysis and to identify the nature and the range (0β, 0β-1) of nonstandard numbers and to establish the existence of infinitesimals (0β > Lβ-2 > xβ > 0β-2). An invariant logarithmic definition of coordinate is presented and the concept of "measureless" or "dimensionless" numbers (L'β, λβ, 0β) = (Lβ, 1β, 0β) is described. Also, a scale-invariant definition of fractal dimension is introduced that suggest exceedingly large values 107 of fractal dimension. A scale invariant form of the wave equation is derived that applies to acoustic waves that propagate at speed of sound vm = 350 m/s, gravitational waves that propagate at the speed of light Vt =c, and gravitational radiation that propagates at superluminal speeds Vg > 2×1010c.
Tracking Systems for Multiple Smart Home Residents

Once a smart home system moves to a multi-resident situation, it becomes significantly more important that individuals are tracked in some manner. By tracking individuals the events received from the sensor platform can then be separated into different streams and acted on independently by other tools within the smart home system. This process improves activity detection, history building and personalized interaction with the intelligent space. Historically, tracking has been primarily approached through a carried wireless device or an imaging system, such as video cameras. These are complicated approaches and still do not always effectively address the problem. Additionally, both of these solutions pose social problems to implement in private homes over long periods of time. This paper introduces and explores a Bayesian Updating method of tracking individuals through the space that leverages the Center for Advanced Studies in Adaptive Systems (CASAS) technology platform of pervasive and passive sensors. This approach does not require the residents to maintain a wireless device, nor does it incorporate rich sensors with the social privacy issues.
The mouse set conjecture for sets of reals

Recall that the Mouse Set Conjecture says that under AD++V=L(P(R)), a real is ordinal definable if and only if it belongs to an iterable mouse. The Mouse Set Conjecture for sets of reals says that under the same theory, a set of reals is ordinal definable from a real if and only if it belongs to a mouse over the reals. We prove that the Mouse Set Conjecture implies the Mouse Set Conjecture for sets of reals.
LARGE CERAMIC HEADS: WHAT PROBLEMS DO THEY SOLVE?

1.Do large heads result in better stability in practice? –Prospective Randomized Studies showing increased stability 2.How much of a risk is ceramic head fracture with current generation materials? –Minimal (0.004%) 3.How much of an actual risk is liner fracture with thin polyethylene liners? –Minimal (only in isolated case reports with component malposition/impingement) 4.What wear advantage is gained by using ceramic over metal heads? –Simulator studies (clear advantage) –Clinical studies – Small difference in linear wear rate (with Zirconia) –Larger difference in wear rate with newer materials (BIOLOX) 5.What other advantage is gained by using ceramic heads over metal heads? –No CoCr in system – less corrosion –Corrosion at head-neck junction can be a big problem – pseudotumours –Meftah/Rodriguez COP –Ceramic heads cause less fretting and corrosion than metal heads in in vitro study
Formulation Analysis and Computation of an Optimization-Based Local to Nonlocal coupling method.

Nonlocal models are used in many scientific and engineering applications where the material dynamics depends on the microstructure. This work presents an optimization-based method for the coupling of local and nonlocal continuum models (1); the coupling aims to combine the computational efficiency of partial differential equations with the accuracy of nonlocal models. The need for local-to-nonlocal couplings is especially acute when the size of the computational domain is such that the nonlocal solution becomes prohibitively expensive to compute, yet the nonlocal model is required to accurately resolve small scale features such as crack tips or dislocations that can affect the global material behavior. We formulate the coupling as a control problem where the states are the solutions of the nonlocal and local equations, the objective is to minimize their mismatch on the overlap of the local and nonlocal domains, and the controls are the nonlocal volume constraint and the local boundary condition. We provide a mathematical and numerical analysis of the method in the context of nonlocal diffusion models (2). Numerical examples in one-dimension illustrate the theoretical properties of the approach and provide the basis for realistic simulations.
Intermolecular Electrophilic Addition of Epoxides to Alkenes: [3+2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Lewis Acids

Described are the first examples of intermolecular electrophilic additions of epoxides to alkenes, which proceed through a classic cationic mechanism initiated by epoxide C–O bond cleavage. Treatment of styrene oxides and either styrenes or dienes with a variety of Lewis-acidic triflate salts generates tetrahydrofurans as products of [3+2] cycloaddition in moderate to good yields (up to 71 %). Careful choice of catalyst and reaction conditions favors the desired intermolecular reaction over epoxide degradation without requiring additional reagents or additives. The reaction proceeds diastereoselectively and provides only one regioisomer of the product. Additional highlights include inexpensive precursors, mild conditions, short reaction times, low catalyst loading, and scalability.
Yield Hardening of Electrorheological Fluids in Channel Flow

Understanding the physics behind electric-field-responsive fluids would open the way for advanced hydraulic components like valves, dampers, and clutches, but existing theories do not explain some observations. The authors study the increase in field-dependent yield stress of electrorheological fluids in pressure-driven flow. This increase is tied to the increase in local particle volume fraction, which is dynamically set by the balance of electrostatic forces and shear stresses. The authors' model allows quantitative design and optimization of valve parameters for robotic systems.
Moving Hearts: Cultivating Patriotic Affect in Rousseau’s Considerations on the Government of Poland:

Rousseau’s embrace of ceremony and festivals in his Considerations on the Government of Poland demonstrates one way for republican political thought to develop a substantive treatment of civic virtue. Differentiating the narcissism of spectacle and theater that Rousseau critiques in the Letter to d’Alembert from the Considerations’ call for a generous affect, I demonstrate that the latter is compatible with a republican ethos premised on civic virtue and patriotic attachment to the nation-state. Rousseau argues for the instantiation of political practices that constantly cultivate political virtue and their associated affective orientations. His treatment of civic ceremonies in the Considerations should be read as an attempt to inculcate patriotic affect in republican citizens via constitutional measures.
Cardiac Transplantation With ABO Compatible Donors Has Equivalent Long-Term Survival

Background We sought to determine the long-term effects of ABO-compatible donors (ACD) in adult cardiac transplantation (OHT). Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was examined for adult OHT from 2000 to 2010. Results Of 20,353 patients undergoing OHT, 3,046 (15%) were with ACD. Recipients of ACD were younger (51.2 vs 52.0 years; P = .002), less likely male (74.1 vs 76.5; P = .004), and had shorter ischemic time (3.1 vs 3.2 hours; P Conclusion OHT with select ACD results in equivalent long-term survival.
Secure Protocol Transformations

In the rich literature of secure multi-party computation MPC, several important results rely on "protocol transformations," whereby protocols from one model of MPC are transformed to protocols from another model. Motivated by the goal of simplifying and unifying results in the area of MPC, we formalize a general notion of black-box protocol transformations that captures previous transformations from the literature as special cases, and present several new transformations. We motivate our study of protocol transformations by presenting the following applications. Simplifying feasibility results:Easily rederive a result in Goldreich's book 2004, on MPC with full security in the presence of an honest majority, from an earlier result in the book, on MPC that offers "security with abort."Rederive the classical result of Rabin and Ben-Or 1989 by applying a transformation to the simpler protocols of Ben-Or et al. or Chaum et al. 1988.Efficiency improvements:The first "constant-rate" MPC protocol for a constant number of parties that offers full information-theoretic security with an optimal threshold, improving over the protocol of Rabin and Ben-Or;A fully secure MPC protocol with optimal threshold that improves over a previous protocol of Ben-Sasson et al. 2012 in the case of "deep and narrow" computations;A fully secure MPC protocol with near-optimal threshold that improves over a previous protocol of Damgard et al. 2010 by improving the dependence on the security parameter from linear to polylogarithmic;An efficient new transformation from passive-secure two-party computation in the OT-hybrid and OLE-hybrid model to zero-knowledge proofs, improving over a recent similar transformation of Hazay and Venkitasubramaniam 2016 for the case of static zero-knowledge, which is restricted to the OT-hybrid model and requires a large number of commitments. Finally, we prove the impossibility of two simple types of black-box protocol transformations, including an unconditional variant of a previous negative result of Rosulek 2012 that relied on the existence of one-way functions.
A Ramsey-type result for geometric ℓ-hypergraphs

Let n>=@?>=2 and q>=2. We consider the minimum N such that whenever we have N points in the plane in general position and the @?-subsets of these points are colored with q colors, there is a subset S of n points all of whose @?-subsets have the same color and furthermore S is in convex position. This combines two classical areas of intense study over the last 75 years: the Ramsey problem for hypergraphs and the Erdos-Szekeres theorem on convex configurations in the plane. For the special case @?=2, we establish a single exponential bound on the minimum N, such that every complete N-vertex geometric graph whose edges are colored with q colors, yields a monochromatic convex geometric graph on n vertices. For fixed @?>=2 and q>=4, our results determine the correct exponential tower growth rate for N as a function of n, similar to the usual hypergraph Ramsey problem, even though we require our monochromatic set to be in convex position. Our results also apply to the case of @?=3 and q=2 by using a geometric variation of the stepping up lemma of Erdos and Hajnal. This is in contrast to the fact that the upper and lower bounds for the usual 3-uniform hypergraph Ramsey problem for two colors differ by one exponential in the tower.
Measurement of Core Losses in Electrical Steel in the Saturation Region under DC Bias Conditions

This paper presents a method to measure and determine core losses in electrical steel for high flux densities under dc bias conditions for electric machine applications. Test conditions require ac flux on top of dc flux, which can saturate the system. It is desirable to have a test system that would generate high flux densities without increasing the size of the ac power supply. We propose an innovative core tester that can handle the power requirements of the magnetic circuit formed by the test specimen. The dc and ac operating requirements of the magnetic circuits are separated and individual components are combined in such a way that a dc bias is provided from the slowly varying high-power component and the ac field is supplied by the low-power high-bandwidth component. The proposed topology consists of ac and dc blocker filters that provide separate pathways for the ac and dc currents. Circuit simulations and experimental test results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.
An Entropy-Based Methodology for Valuation of Demand Uncertainty Reduction

We propose a distribution-free entropy-based methodology to calculate the expected value of an uncertainty reduction effort and present our results within the context of reducing demand uncertainty. In contrast to existing techniques, the methodology does not require a priori assumptions regarding the underlying demand distribution, does not require sampled observations to be the mechanism by which uncertainty is reduced, and provides an expectation of information value as opposed to an upper bound. In our methodology, a decision maker uses his existing knowledge combined with the maximum entropy principle to model both his present and potential future states of uncertainty as probability densities over all possible demand distributions. Modeling uncertainty in this way provides for a theoretically justified and intuitively satisfying method of valuing an uncertainty reduction effort without knowing the information to be revealed. We demonstrate the methodology's use in three different settings: (i) a newsvendor valuing knowledge of expected demand, (ii) a short life cycle product supply manager considering the adoption of a quick response strategy, and (iii) a revenue manager making a pricing decision with limited knowledge of the market potential for his product
Improvement in clinical trial disclosures and analysts’ forecast accuracy: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

This paper examines whether financial analysts use the information contained in clinical trial disclosures to improve their forecast accuracy for pharmaceutical companies. Findings indicate that the improved clinical trial disclosures due to a quasi-regulation issued by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) significantly reduce analysts’ long-term forecast error. In addition, a propensity-score matching analysis provides additional strong evidence that issuance of the 2005 ICMJE’s regulation is accompanied by an average 45 % decrease in long-term forecast error, and a more than 50 % decrease in long-term forecast dispersion. This study contributes to the accounting literature regarding nonfinancial disclosures by providing the first insights into financial analysts’ use of clinical trial disclosures in their forecasts of future earnings. In addition, because the major event examined in this study is a quasi-regulation issued by the ICMJE, we provide additional insights on the effectiveness of industry-initiated regulations (or quasi-regulations) on nonfinancial disclosure practice.
Retrofit with Hybrid Insulation System of a Failed Power Transformer

Retrofit of power transformers using high temperature aramid insulation materials in the windings based on the hybrid insulation system has developed over the last two decades. By taking advantage of the higher thermal withstand properties of such insulation materials, a failed unit could be redesigned to increase its average winding rise to 95degC. The windings can then be redesigned to reduce the cooling space but replaced with more active material, thereby optimising the use of the available space within the core window. This approach enhances the transformer retrofit scope and flexibility which includes capacity expansion or loss reduction and improved reliability of the retrofitted transformers.
Lo contencioso administrativo en la Constitución Política de 1980. Competencia del poder judicial hasta la dictación de la ley

Sumario I. Paralelo entre el articulo 38 inciso segundo de la Constitucion Politica de 1980 y el articulo 87 de la Constitucion Politica de 1925 II. Competencia de los tribunales ordinarios para conocer actualmente la actividad administrativa III. Referencia al recurso de proteccion
The History of the Cross Section of Stock Returns

Using data spanning the twentieth century, we show that the majority of accounting-based return anomalies, including investment, are most likely an artifact of data snooping. When examined out-of-sample by moving either backward or forward in time, the average returns and Sharpe ratios of most anomalies decrease, whereas their volatilities and correlations with other anomalies increase. The few anomalies that do persist out-of-sample correlate with the shift from investment in physical capital to intangible capital and the increasing reliance on debt financing over the twentieth century. Received November 25, 2016; editorial decision September 23, 2017 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
From Tool to Partner: The Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction

We can't predict the future, but by understanding the forces that shaped the present-the differing priorities and methods of computer science, human factors, psychology, design, information systems, information science, and other disciplines that influenced human-computer interaction - we can more effectively direct our efforts. We can learn where to look and how to interpret what we find. This course covers how the disciplines that have contributed to human-computer interaction progressed from their formation to the present. Software went from passively reacting to human input to today's dynamic presence. HCI changed as it steadily realized goals outlined by pioneers. Although we are now in a new era, understanding how past events unfolded can prepare us for the surprises that lie ahead.
Ethos and Ideology of Knowledge Organization: Toward Precepts for an Engaged Knowledge Organization

Joseph T. Tennis is an Assistant Professor at the Information School of the University of Washington and an Associate Member of the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Study at The University of British Columbia. He has been an occasional visiting scholar at the State University of Sao Paulo since 2009. He is Reviews Editor for Knowledge Organization, Managing Editor for Advances in Classification Research Online, and on the editorial board for Library Quarterly and Scire. He holds a Ph.D. in Information Science from the University of Washington. He works in classification theory, scheme versioning, and comparative studies of metadata.
Rateless Lossy Compression via the Extremes

We begin by presenting a simple lossy compressor operating at near-zero rate: The encoder merely describes the indices of the few maximal source components, while the decoder’s reconstruction is a natural estimate of the source components based on this information. This scheme turns out to be near optimal for the memoryless Gaussian source in the sense of achieving the zero-rate slope of its distortion-rate function. Motivated by this finding, we then propose a scheme comprised of iterating the above lossy compressor on an appropriately transformed version of the difference between the source and its reconstruction from the previous iteration. The proposed scheme achieves the rate distortion function of the Gaussian memoryless source (under squared error distortion) when employed on any finite-variance ergodic source. It further possesses desirable properties, and we, respectively, refer to as infinitesimal successive refinability, ratelessness, and complete separability. Its storage and computation requirements are of order no more than $({n^{2}})/({\log ^{\beta } n})$ per source symbol for $\beta >0$ at both the encoder and the decoder. Though the details of its derivation, construction, and analysis differ considerably, we discuss similarities between the proposed scheme and the recently introduced Sparse Regression Codes of Venkataramanan et al.
Dihedral transportation and (0, 1)-matrix classes

ABSTRACTLet R and S be two vectors of real numbers whose entries have the same sum. In the transportation problems, one wishes to find a matrix A with row sum vector R and column sum vector S. If, in addition, the two vectors only contain nonnegative integers then one wants the same to be true for A. This can always be done and the transportation algorithm gives a method for explicitly calculating A. We can restrict things even further and insist that A have only entries zero and one. In this case, the Gale-Ryser Theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions for A to exist and this result can be proved constructively. One can let the dihedral group of the square act on matrices. Then a subgroup of defines a set of matrices invariant under the subgroup. So one can consider analogues of the transportation and (0, 1) problems for these sets of matrices. For every subgroup, we give conditions equivalent to the existence of the desired type of matrix.