cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Sensory Signals and Microbial Pathogenesis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Cystic Fibrosis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the exo–polysaccharide alginate almost exclusively in association with pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). Transcriptional activation of the P. aeruginosa alginate genes appears to be affected by the growth environment. Two regulatory genes have been implicated in this environmental activation, one of which produces a gene product having significant amino acid homology with a class of regulatory proteins responsive to environmental stimuli. Understanding the mechanisms of environmental activation of the alginate genes in P. aeruginosa may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for the eradication of this organism from the lungs of the CF patient.
Reinventing device review

Changes over the last twelve months in the Office of Device Evaluation have created an atmosphere that is open to trying a new approach to device review. Statistics from the last two years are presented with emphasis on the 510(k) application. Initiatives that are already in place are described and new strategies are shared that will potentially lead to a more streamlined review process. One division's efforts are outlined and include elimination of a layer of management, reorganization of the staff, and the development of standard operating procedures for 510(k) review. The entire process has been flow-charted and from the flow chart, steps that can be modified or eliminated can be identified. Total quality management has been introduced as one of the tools to achieve success.
Factors associated with American Indian cigarette smoking in rural settings.

Introduction: This paper reports on the prevalence, factors and patterns of cigarette smoking among rural California American Indian (AI) adults. Methods: Thirteen Indian health clinic registries formed the random household survey sampling frame (N = 457). Measures included socio-demographics, age at smoking initiation, intention to quit, smoking usage, smoking during pregnancy, health effects of smoking, suicide attempts or ideation, history of physical abuse, neglect and the role of the environment (smoking at home and at work). Statistical tests included Chi Square and Fisher's Exact test, as well as multiple logistic regression analysis among never, former, and current smokers. Results: Findings confirm high smoking prevalence among male and female participants (44% and 37% respectively). American Indians begin smoking in early adolescence (age 14.7). Also, 65% of current smokers are less than 50% Indian blood and 76% of current smokers have no intention to quit smoking. Current and former smokers are statistically more likely to report having suicidal ideation than those who never smoked. Current smokers also report being neglected and physically abused in childhood and adolescence, are statistically more likely to smoke ½ pack or less (39% vs. 10% who smoke 1+ pack), smoke during pregnancy, and have others who smoke in the house compared with former and never smokers. Conclusion: Understanding the factors associated with smoking will help to bring about policy changes and more effective programs to address the problem of high smoking rates among American Indians.
Language and life history: Not a new perspective

The uniqueness of human cognition and language has long been linked to systematic changes in developmental timing. Selection for postnatal skeletal ossification resulted in progressive prolongation of universal patterns of primate growth, lengthening infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Language emerged as communication increased in complexity within and between communities rather than from selection for some unique features of childhood or adolescence, or both.
The technical presentation-a design approach

The elements of a design approach to technical presentations are elaborated. Aspects considered are the laying of the presentation groundwork, the necessity of clean organization, the use of visuals to aid retention, delivery, and planning for questions and answers. It is concluded that, to be effective, technical presentations must be carefully designed in every aspect-purpose, objectives, organization, visuals and delivery. >
Spectrum reuse using transmitting antenna arrays with feedback

Currently, a central base station communicates simultaneously with several mobile users by allocating a separate time or frequency channel for each mobile to prevent undesired crosstalk. However, each time or frequency channel may be reused among several mobiles by means of an antenna array at the base station which points a separate beam at each user. The downlink beamformer would normally operate in an "open loop" mode, in which the base steers a mainlobe in the direction of each mobile. Such a system may operate effectively in a free space environment with no multipath. In the presence of scattering, open loop methods will not perform adequately. A new "closed loop" technique is presented in which each mobile user feeds back to the base estimates of the received signal amplitudes. Using feedback, the base station can achieve precision beamforming resulting in lower crosstalk and improved signal separation even in the presence of strong scattering environments. >
Land surface hydrology: Interoperability among LSMs, with alternative data sources; with water management needs

1. Land hydrology modeling has made significant advances in process representation, computational resources, and data availability. Current models are based on 1990's strategies and an effort is needed to upgrade processes and numerics. 2. Interoperability between LSM and water management: models are needed at the O(102–103)m scale. 3. Interoperability between LSM and data: In-situ data is a huge problem outside the US, especially in near-real time. Remote sensing data (retrievals) are available for almost all water cycle variables, many art high resolution, but again real-time availability a challenge. 4. Interoperability between LSM and data: Data assimilation is a well developed tool but requires good models and data.
Pediatric health screening and referral in the ED.

Abstract Introduction Many studies have demonstrated the importance of performing preventive care in the ED. The primary objective of this study was to identify unmet health needs in the ED of the pediatric patient population. The secondary objective was to determine if the patient's parent or guardian would accept health referrals and bring the child to follow up with a doctor. Methods Age- and sex-specific algorithms concerning preventive care were developed from the US Department of Public Health Clinicians' Book of Preventative Health. A convenience sample of patients and their families who presented to the ED were asked to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria consisted of patients who were institutionalized, unstable, and had parents who were unable to communicate or declined to participate. After 1 week, the parents were followed up by telephone to find out if they had made an appointment with a doctor as recommended. One month after the ED visit, the health care's computer system was queried to confirm that the appointment had been completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 10.0; SPSS, Chicago, Ill), and tests of significance used were the Pearson χ 2 , frequency test, and crosstabs. This study was institutional review board–approved as exempt. Results Two hundred three pediatric patients were enrolled. Most of the patients had a primary care physician (87.1%, 176/203) and insurance (85.6%, 172/203). Only 25 (12.3%) of 203 needed any referrals, with an acceptance rate of 72.0% (18/25) and completion rate of 40% (10/25). The most frequent unmet need was for urine, lead, and anemia screening (19.4%, all 20/103). Few patients needed immunizations (1.0%, 2/203), alcohol screening (2.0%, 2/100), or blood pressure testing (3.0%, 3/100). Analysis of the correlation between getting 1 or more referrals and race was found to have a significant relationship ( χ = 19.69, df = 6, P = .003) but not with sex, age group, insurance, or primary care physician ( P > .05). Conclusion In this study, 12.3% of the patients were found to have unmet health care needs. Insurance status had no bearing on the need for referrals. Assessment in the pediatric population for unmet health care needs was found to be a low-yielding, labor-intensive process.
Antibody Blockade of Semaphorin 4D Promotes Immune Infiltration into Tumor and Enhances Response to Other Immunomodulatory Therapies

Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100) and its receptor plexin-B1 (PLXNB1) are broadly expressed in murine and human tumors, and their expression has been shown to correlate with invasive disease in several human tumors. SEMA4D normally functions to regulate the motility and differentiation of multiple cell types, including those of the immune, vascular, and nervous systems. In the setting of cancer, SEMA4D-PLXNB1 interactions have been reported to affect vascular stabilization and transactivation of ERBB2, but effects on immune-cell trafficking in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been investigated. We describe a novel immunomodulatory function of SEMA4D, whereby strong expression of SEMA4D at the invasive margins of actively growing tumors influences the infiltration and distribution of leukocytes in the TME. Antibody neutralization of SEMA4D disrupts this gradient of expression, enhances recruitment of activated monocytes and lymphocytes into the tumor, and shifts the balance of cells and cytokines toward a proinflammatory and antitumor milieu within the TME. This orchestrated change in the tumor architecture was associated with durable tumor rejection in murine Colon26 and ERBB2(+) mammary carcinoma models. The immunomodulatory activity of anti-SEMA4D antibody can be enhanced by combination with other immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibition and chemotherapy. Strikingly, the combination of anti-SEMA4D antibody with antibody to CTLA-4 acts synergistically to promote complete tumor rejection and survival. Inhibition of SEMA4D represents a novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy to promote functional immune infiltration into the TME and inhibit tumor progression.
Effects of SPECT collimation and system geometry on classification tasks related to Parkinson's disease

The authors assessed the potential performance of three commercial SPECT systems in simulated, but realistic, imaging tasks related to the diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Images of I-123 altropane activity distributions in normal and PD brains were modeled assuming values from the literature for striatal sizes and activity concentrations, as well as for nonspecific activity. Imaging characteristics of the three systems were determined by phantom studies. The expected distributions of estimates of activity concentration and striatal volume were based on covariance matrices determined by the Cramer-Rao lower bounds calculated for a simultaneous estimation of these two parameters, as well as background activity concentration. Potential performance in several binary classification tasks was assessed by fitting ROC curves to simulated likelihood ratios for 5000 'subjects' in each category. For all conditions studied, ROC areas were similar for the higher-resolution instruments and lower for the lower-resolution system. These results imply a diagnostic advantage for higher-resolution systems in imaging tasks related to PD.
Discovery of a Small-Molecule Probe for V-ATPase Function

Lysosomes perform a critical cellular function as a site of degradation for diverse cargoes including proteins, organelles, and pathogens delivered through distinct pathways, and defects in lysosomal function have been implicated in a number of diseases. Recent studies have elucidated roles for the lysosome in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, membrane integrity, and other processes involved in homeostasis. Complex small-molecule natural products have greatly contributed to the investigation of lysosomal function in cellular physiology. Here we report the discovery of a novel, small-molecule modulator of lysosomal acidification derived from diversity-oriented synthesis through high-content screening.
Oxymorphone and Opioid Rotation

To obtain the durable benefits of opioid analgesia, physicians must develop strategies to manage the negative attributes of opioid therapy. Side effects, opioid tolerance, and toxicity limit the use of opioids, yet specific guidelines have not emerged for appropriate doses. Furthermore, there are wide variations in interindividual responsiveness to opioid analgesia. Opioid rotation is an effective, emerging strategy to help manage the negative effects of opioids by limiting doses required to obtain pain relief with tolerable side effects. Tolerance to one particular type of opioid does not necessarily develop at the same rate as tolerance to another opioid (incomplete cross-tolerance). Side effects may vary and generally are reduced at lower doses. Oxymorphone is a highly potent molecule that offers linear dose proportionality, multiple preparations (IV, immediate release, extended release) and good analgesic effect. Strategies for rotating a patient from an opioid to oxymorphone require dose calculation based on equianalgesia, a conversion period and dose titration. In addition to converting a patient from other oral opioids to oxymorphone, special strategies are needed for particular preparations (extended release to extended release; extended release to immediate release to extended release; cross-titration; in-patient titration). Issues in opioid rotation involving oxymorphone are common to other opioid rotation plans: side effects, in particular nausea and constipation, as well as toxicity concerns. While pain patients present a unique challenge to physicians, opioid analgesia involving oxymorphone and opioid rotation strategies have been shown to be effective in pain management in some patients with tolerable side effects.
The EGFR Family: Not So Prototypical Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was among the first receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) for which ligand binding was studied and for which the importance of ligand-induced dimerization was established. As a result, EGFR and its relatives have frequently been termed "prototypical" RTKs. Many years of mechanistic studies, however, have revealed that--far from being prototypical--the EGFR family is quite unique. As we discuss in this review, the EGFR family uses a distinctive "receptor-mediated" dimerization mechanism, with ligand binding inducing a dramatic conformational change that exposes a dimerization arm. Intracellular kinase domain regulation in this family is also unique, being driven by allosteric changes induced by asymmetric dimer formation rather than the more typical activation-loop phosphorylation. EGFR family members also distinguish themselves from other RTKs in having an intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) domain that activates (rather than autoinhibits) the receptor and a very large carboxy-terminal tail that contains autophosphorylation sites and serves an autoregulatory function. We discuss recent advances in mechanistic aspects of all of these components of EGFR family members, attempting to integrate them into a view of how RTKs in this important class are regulated at the cell surface.
A perspective on applications of ligand-field analysis: inspiration from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of coordination complexes of transition metal ions

This paper describes in a somewhat personal way an overview of the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, including high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) to unravel the electronic structure of transition metal ion complexes. The spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained from EPR experiments, namely the g matrix for systems with S =1/2 and the g and D (zero-field splitting) matrices for systems with S > 1/2 provide information on d orbital energy levels. This information can be combined with ligand-field theory (LFT) to provide information on the overall electronic structure of the paramagnetic transition metal complex. As has been discussed by others, LFT is still useful in providing such a quantitative understanding of these complexes, even in the day of advanced computational methods, such as density functional theory (DFT). The discussion is illustrated by examples across the dn configuration.
An evaluation of tools supporting enhanced student collaboration

Team communication and project collaboration are critical for the success of todaypsilas software projects. In a one-semester upper-division Software Engineering course offered at our Kutztown University, student project teams worked independently on software systems for real business clients. Throughout the entire software development lifecycle, each team utilized a Google Groups account for project coordination and communication among its team members. The use of Google groups as a forum for team collaboration is re-visited and student experiences with Google Groups are provided. Next, features that are desirable for collaboration are discussed. Then three web-based tools, Basecamp, Central Desktop, and Viewpath are investigated. We compare Google Groups to these collaboration tools with respect to features for collaboration and project management.
Electrical and optical clock distribution networks for gigascale microprocessors

A summary of electrical and optical approaches to clock distribution within high-performance microprocessors is presented. System-level properties of intrachip electrical clock distribution networks corresponding to three microprocessor families are summarized. It is found that global clock interconnect performance and short-term jitter present the greatest challenges to the continued use of conventional clock distribution methodologies. An extrapolation of trends describing the percentage of clock period consumed by global skew and short-term jitter identifies the 32-nm technology generation of the 2002 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) as the first technology generation within which alternate methods of clock distribution may be warranted. Research efforts investigating interboard through intrachip optical clock distribution are also summarized. An optical distribution network compatible with high volume manufacturing in conjunction with a suitable means of providing optical-to-electrical signal conversion comprise the two fundamental challenges facing successful implementation of an optical clock distribution network. It is found that a global guided-wave distribution capable of efficient input and output coupling of optical power is required to meet the first challenge. The identification of a suitable means of optical-to-electrical conversion, however, remains an active topic of research.
Evaluation of systemic capillary leak syndrome patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Description of clinical presentation Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disorder characterized by transient episodes of hypotension, hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia due to leakage of fluids and macromolecules into extracellular space. The generalized edema has been recognized in soft tissue, but has not been described in the myocardium. Patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome and agematched controls without cardiac disease underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of volumes, function, mass, and late gadolinium enhancement. Extracellular volume (ECV) fraction measurements in myocardium were calculated by obtaining T1 values with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery pre-contrast and post contrast injection. Hematocrit was obtained to calculate ECV fraction. Patients with SCLS (n=12) and age-matched controls (n=24) underwent CMR evaluation. Mean age (control: 54±8 years vs. SCLS: 53±9 years, p=0.53), left ventricular ejection fraction (control: 67±6% vs. SCLS: 63±6%, p=0.06), end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area (control: 75 ±16ml/m2 vs. 75±18ml/m2, p=0.92) and mass indexed to body surface area (control: 51±10kg/m2 vs. SCLS: 53 ±11kg/m2, p=0.54) were similar in both groups. There was no significant valvular disorder in either group. Age-matched controls did not have late gadolinium enhancement, whereas one of the patients with SCLS had patchy intermediate atypical late gadolinium enhancement in the inferolateral wall. Five SCLS patients had myocardial ECV fraction greater than 2 standard deviations of the age-matched controls values (Figure). In patients with SCLS, time of last hypotensive episode to imaging ranged from 11 days to 42 months (mean of 15 months), but there was no clear relationship between time of last exacerbation and ECV fraction (r=0.27).
High-Level programming of graphics hardware to increase performance of electromagnetics simulation

Modern graphics processing units (GPU's) utilize a programmable parallel pipeline architecture to render complex scenes onto a two-dimensional screen. Rendering these scenes requires rasterization, texturing operations, and multiple stages of lighting operations. These processes are computationally intensive and must be performed near real-time in today's gaming and workstation applications. These industries have driven the performance of GPU's to exceed that of CPU's in terms of operations per second. Much effort has been placed recently on harnessing the power of the GPU for general purpose computation. In this paper, Accelerator by Microsoft Research provides an interface to the GPU using a library of classes and functions in Microsoft C Sharp (C#). The performance of a GPU is compared to a traditional CPU routine in solving matrices generated by a finite element program.
Genetic basis of the impaired renal myogenic response in FHH rats.

This study examined the effect of substitution of a 2.4-megabase pair (Mbp) region of Brown Norway (BN) rat chromosome 1 (RNO1) between 258.8 and 261.2 Mbp onto the genetic background of fawn-hoode...
SLIMarray: Lightweight software for microarray facility management

Background Microarray core facilities are commonplace in biological research organizations, and need systems for accurately tracking various logistical aspects of their operation. Although these different needs could be handled separately, an integrated management system provides benefits in organization, automation and reduction in errors.
Ultrasound assessment of the elbow joint in infants and toddlers and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound can be used for the diagnosis of elbow injuries in infants and toddlers. However, ultrasound is highly operator-dependent and accurate ultrasound examinations require a complete understanding of the complex anatomy of the elbow joint. PURPOSE: To report the normal ultrasound anatomy of the elbow, particularly of the humeroulnar joint, in infants and toddlers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty subjects aged RESULTS: The appearance of the humeroradial joint observed from three directions was similar and resembled a pair of double fists ("double-breast sign"). The appearance of the humeroulnar joint observed from three directions was different, which is related to the irregular morphology of the medial sides of the humerus and ulna. Anteroposteriorly, the coronoid and olecranon epiphyses and coronoid fossa appear anteriorly and the olecranon and trochlear epiphyses and olecranon fossa appear posteriorly, resembling a "check-mark sign". The medial epicondyle, cubital tunnel and distal humerus appear together ("double-hump sign"). The "anterior hump" is the medial epicondyle and is always higher than the "posterior hump", which is the bony protrusion on the articular surface of the distal humerus. The ultrasound signal of cortical bone in the metaphysis of the distal humerus is continuous with that of the epiphysis of the medial epicondyle. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is useful for the diagnosis of elbow injuries in infants and toddlers. Language: en
Unsteady Kutta Condition of a Plunging Airfoil

Unsteady Kutta condition is an important criterion for theoretical analyses in unsteady aerodynamics and in aerodynamic noise generations. The experimental studies on this subject are very limited. In the present investigation, the stagnation streamline at the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil in plunging motion is measured from phase averaged streamwise and transverse velocity components. The Kutta condition is examined for reduced frequency up to 1.0 and at different angles of attack.
Application of a spatially-weighted Relief algorithm for ranking genetic predictors of disease

Background Identification of genetic variants that are associated with disease is an important goal in elucidating the genetic causes of diseases. The genetic patterns that are associated with common diseases are complex and may involve multiple interacting genetic variants. The Relief family of algorithms is a powerful tool for efficiently identifying genetic variants that are associated with disease, even if the variants have nonlinear interactions without significant main effects. Many variations of Relief have been developed over the past two decades and several of them have been applied to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data.
Differential roles of stretch-sensitive pelvic nerve afferents innervating mouse distal colon and rectum

Information about colorectal distension (i.e., colorectal dilation by increased intraluminal pressure) is primarily encoded by stretch-sensitive colorectal afferents in the pelvic nerve (PN). Despite anatomic differences between rectum and distal colon, little is known about the functional roles of colonic vs. rectal afferents in the PN pathway or the quantitative nature of mechanosensory encoding. We utilized an in vitro mouse colorectum-PN preparation to investigate pressure-encoding characteristics of colorectal afferents. The colorectum with PN attached was dissected, opened longitudinally, and pinned flat in a Sylgard-lined chamber. Action potentials of afferent fibers evoked by circumferential stretch (servo-controlled force actuator) were recorded from the PN. Stretch-sensitive fibers were categorized into the following four groups: colonic muscular, colonic muscular/mucosal, rectal muscular, and rectal muscular/mucosal. Seventy-nine stretch-sensitive PN afferents evenly distributed into the above four groups were studied. Rectal muscular afferents had significantly greater stretch-responses than the other three groups. Virtually all rectal afferents (98%) had low thresholds for response and encoded stimulus intensity into the noxious range without obvious saturation. Most colonic afferents (72%) also had low thresholds ( 18 mmHg) for response. These high-threshold colonic afferents were sensitized to stretch by inflammatory soup; response threshold was significantly reduced (from 23 to 12 mmHg), and response magnitude significantly increased. These results suggest that the encoding of mechanosensory information differs between colonic and rectal stretch-sensitive PN afferents. Rectal afferents have a wide response range to stretch, whereas high-threshold colonic afferents likely contribute to visceral nociception.
The Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Distribution of Convection in Tropical Cyclones

Abstract The influence of vertical wind shear on the azimuthal distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning in tropical cyclones was examined using flash locations from the National Lightning Detection Network. The study covers 35 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 1985–99 while they were over land and within 400 km of the coast over water. A strong correlation was found between the azimuthal distribution of flashes and the direction of the vertical wind shear in the environment. When the magnitude of the vertical shear exceeded 5 m s−1, more than 90% of flashes occurred downshear in both the storm core (defined as the inner 100 km) and the outer band region (r = 100–300 km). A slight preference for downshear left occurred in the storm core, and a strong preference for downshear right in the outer rainbands. The results were valid both over land and water, and for depression, storm, and hurricane stages. It is argued that in convectively active tropical cyclones, deep divergent circulations oppose the ver...
New county records and range expansion of the Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) in southwestern Oklahoma

Abstract Prior to 2011, the introduced Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) was known from 11 of Oklahoma's 77 counties. Following the discovery of a small breeding population in the city of Lawton, Comanche County, Oklahoma, in 2011, we began surveys to determine whether they had become established in the southwestern part of the state. Here we add 11 new county records to their previously described distribution, defining a new western limit for H. turcicus in the state.
EMPHYSEMATOUS CELLULITIS OF THE HIP AND THIGH RESULTING FROM ENTERIC FISTULA.

In the two cases presented, acute non-clostridial emphysema of the hip and thigh was the result of enteric fistulae that dissected into the fascial planes of the hip. Emphysema may be produced by the introduction of coliform organisms into the tissue of the diabetic patient or by the extension of an
Estimating Areal Evaporation Using Multispectral Satellite Observations

A quantitative knowledge of evaporation is required in many studies of hydrologic, meteorologic, and ecologic processes (Brutsaert, 1982). Evaporation (E) directly couples land surface heat and water balance equations: $${{R}_{n}} = \lambda E + C + \nabla \sum$$ (1a) $$P = E + Q + \Delta S$$ (1b) where, in the heat balance Equation (1a), Rn is the net radiation, C is the sensible heat flux, ΔΣ is the change in heat storage within the canopy and soil, and λ is the latent heat of vaporization. In the water balance Equation (1b), P is precipitation, Q is runoff, and ΔS is the change in water storage (soil moisture and ground water). The storage terms are neglected in long-term studies to obtain: $${{R}_{n}} = \lambda E + C$$ (2a) $$P = E + Q$$ (2b) Budyko (1986) introduced the following empirical equation for climatologic annual evaporation, which has been recently evaluated theoretically by Milly (1994): $$E = P\left[ {Dtanh{{D}^{{ - 1}}}\left( {1 - \cosh D + sinhD} \right)} \right]0.5$$ (3) where D, called the dryness index, is defined as the ratio of net radiation (Rn) and latent heat equivalent of precipitation (λP), i. e., D = (Rn/λP).
Using Frame Semantics in Natural Language Processing

We summarize our experience using FrameNet in two rather different projects in natural language processing (NLP). We conclude that NLP can benefit from FrameNet in different ways, but we sketch some problems that need to be overcome.
Stability analysis of pressure correction schemes for the Navier–Stokes equations with traction boundary conditions

Abstract We present a stability analysis for two different rotational pressure correction schemes with open and traction boundary conditions. First, we provide a stability analysis for a rotational version of the grad–div stabilized scheme of Bonito et al. (2015). This scheme turns out to be unconditionally stable, provided the stabilization parameter is suitably chosen. We also establish a conditional stability result for the boundary correction scheme presented in Bansch (2014). These results are shown by employing the equivalence between stabilized gauge Uzawa methods and rotational pressure correction schemes with traction boundary conditions.
Jet Effects Testing Considerations for the Next-Generation Long-Range Strike Aircraft

The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has performed numerous propulsion integration wind tunnel tests in partnership with several aerospace companies over a period spanning nearly four decades. During this period jet-effects testing techniques have evolved significantly and are directly applicable to future air vehicle test requirements. This paper describes methodologies and makes recommendations that should be considered by potential AEDC customers for jet effects testing of the Next-Generation Long-Range Strike (NGLRS) air vehicle. Wind tunnel experiments indicate that propulsion jet effects on vehicle aerodynamic loads can be satisfactorily determined for highly integrated propulsion systems without the use of complex, turbine-powered propulsion simulators. There are several ways to minimize aerodynamic interference for wing-tip and strut-type test article support systems. Careful consideration must be given to proper calibrations and internal model fouling issues associated with metric versus nonmetric thrust test techniques when aerodynamic loads are measured by a strain-gage-type balance. Thermal control of the jet effects test apparatus is crucial to the data quality. Capability for continuous data acquisition while throttling the jet plume simulation has improved operating efficiency and data quality. Improvements in the pressure data acquisition systems and standard programming available at AEDC make it possible to improve the accuracy of jet effects aerodynamic data increments for a typical NGLRS airframe up to medium angles of attack using large-scale, pressure-times-area integration methods. Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) methods at AEDC have been improved and offer unique and valuable insight into the highpressure gradients that often exist on the external propulsion nozzle.
Thermodynamic study on dynamic water vapor sorption in Sylgard-184.

The dynamic and equilibrium water vapor sorption properties of Sylgard-184, a commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMS), were determined via gravimetric analysis from 30 to 70 °C. Described here is a methodology for quantitatively assessing how water vapor diffuses and ad/absorbs into polymeric materials that are traditionally considered hydrophobic. PDMS materials are frequently chosen for their moisture barrier properties; our results, however, demonstrate that moisture is able to penetrate the material over a range of temperatures and humidities. The sorption values measured here ranged from ca. 0.1 to 1.4 cm3 (STP) H2O/g Sylgard. The isotherms exhibited sigmoidal character and were fit to a triple mode sorption model. Asymptotic behavior at low water activities was characterized using a Langmuir type adsorption model, linear behavior was fit to a Henry’s law type dependence, and the convex portion at higher activities was fit with good agreement to Park’s equation for pooling or c...
Using Video Prompting to Teach Leisure Skills to Students With Significant Disabilities

Recreational activities are an important part of anyone’s quality of life, owing to the various benefits of participation (e.g., social, physical). For individuals with significant disabilities, engagement in leisure skills continues to be a low priority in many schools, which can adversely affect the level of school and community membership. This study used video prompting to teach leisure skills to 9 students with significant disabilities. Video prompting was effective with all but 1 student. In addition, to explore whether leisure skill acquisition would lead to shifts in preference, this study examined leisure skill preference at pre- and postacquisition. The authors found a dramatic shift in students’ preferences after they acquired new skills.
Securing Big Data Provenance for Auditors: The Big Data Provenance Black Box as Reliable Evidence

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to highlight a main issue regarding reliable audit evidence derived from Big Data—that of secure data provenance. Traditionally, audit evidence external to the client has been regarded as superior to other forms of evidence. However, regarding external “messy” Big Data sources that may be material to aspects of the audit, these sources may lack provenance and verifiability. That is, the origins of the data may be unclear and its log files incomplete. According to the standards, such evidence should be considered as less reliable for audit evidence. External auditors, as outsiders of the client, should be able to reproduce the data lifecycle or transaction path, which may not be possible in an electronic environment with incomplete provenance. Furthermore, this mapping or provenance of the data origins and history should be securely maintained so that it cannot be thwarted. This need for secure data provenance has been largely ignored by the business community in it...
Study on Overvoltage Level in the Condition of Quitting HV Shunt Reactors on Inlet Lines of Guangdong in Power Transmission from West to East

In accordance to reactive power absorption by west grids from Guangdong power grids during transmitting active power in power transmission from west to east,the paper studies on overvoltage level of lines in the condition of quitting HV shunt reactors(hereinafter referred to as HSR).Measured data of Line A and line B of Guishan line,line Ⅰand lineⅡ of Heluo line,Ⅰand lineⅡof Wuluo line and line Ⅰand lineⅡ of Yumao line are taken as research objects and distributed parameter model is adopted as calculation model.By necessary equivalence simplification,maximum frequency overvoltage,frequency resonance overvoltage,secondary arc current as well as recovery voltage and switching overvoltage are calculated.The calculation result shows that single-side quit can be considered to quit on Heluo line and Yumao line and measures are unnecessary.When HV reactors quit from operation,reclosing time should be prolonged in order to ensure success ratio.HV reactors can not quit from Guishan line because maximum frequency overvoltage exceeds permitting value industrial standards and big secondary arc current.
Surreillance of Aba 6 county victimized persons tap water after earthquake

Objective: To analyze tap water quality condition in Aba after earthquake.Methods:Delivers 63 water samples which to 6 county victimized persons examines according to "Standards for drinking water quality"(2006) examines and appraisal.Results:In 63 water samples the qualified rate is 71.42%,does not conform to the national standards project respectively is the large intestine bacteria colony,the heat-resisting large intestine bacteria colony,the colon bacillus,the naked eye obvious,the opacity,the Al,the Fe and the Mn.Conclusion:Shakes latter 6 counties the water quality examination overall situation to be good,the toxicology target and the radioactive target conform to the national table,does not tally the target is the microorganism target,and the sense organ general chemistry target.To the tap water which does not tally should adopt the effective method to carry on processing,after guarantees the disaster,general populations tap water security.
Influence of Functional and Dysfunctional Job Characteristics on Salespersons’ Motivation as Modeled by Vie Components

The purpose of this paper is to identify both functional and dysfunctional job characteristics in a personal gelling context and explain how they can either enhance or reduce salespersons' motivation.1 Vroom's expectancy theory model (Vroom, 1964) has been used to conceptualize salespersons' motivation. According to this theory, motivation construct is defined on the basis of two familiar concepts: expectancy and valence. Expectancy is the subjective probability of an individual salesperson that his/her behavior will lead to the desired performance goals and the valence is the importance of these performance goals to him or her, Vroom (1964) argued that expectancy and valence combine multiplicatively to form motivation and the algebraic sum of the products of valence of all performance goals and expectancies should be used to determine motivation.
FMT in Clostridium difficile and Other Potential Uses

Abstract The human intestinal tract has a surface area of over 300 m 3 and is inhabited by a densely diverse community of microorganisms that provide a number of rich nutrients and help to shape the intestinal immune system of the host. Alterations in the intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) have been implicated in a number of disease processes. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) arises when alterations in the flora favor its propagation, resulting in disease manifestation. First-line treatment is antibiotics, but recurrent episodes are increasingly being treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Treatment success is high for recurrent C. difficile and alternate methods of optimizing and standardizing FMT are currently under investigation. Application to other diseases characterized by dysbiosis is of interest, but further efficacy trials as well as long-term safety data are needed prior to implementing FMT as a standard treatment.
Epidemiology of Skin Infections in Men's Wrestling: Analysis of 2009-2010 Through 2013-2014 National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data.

Context: Our knowledge of the current epidemiology of skin infections among wrestlers is limited. Objective: To analyze and report the epidemiology of skin infections among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's wrestling student-athletes during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate skin infection and exposure data collected by the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate men's wrestling student-athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s): All viral, bacterial, or fungal skin infections reported by athletic trainers at 17 NCAA programs were analyzed, providing 35 team-seasons of data. Skin infection rates per 10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios, skin infection proportions, and skin infection proportion ratios were calculated. Results: The athletic trainers reported 112 skin infections contracted by 87 student-athletes across 78 720 AEs. The overall skin infection rate was 14.23/10 0...
Geological Criteria for Evaluating Seismicity Address as Retiring President of The Geological Society of America, Miami Beach, Florida, November 1974

This paper argues that the geologic record, and the late Quaternary history in particular, is a far more valuable tool in estimating seismicity and associated seismic hazard than has generally been appreciated. Those parts of the world with the longest historic records of earthquakes — some 2,000 yr for Japan and the Middle East and 3,000 yr for China — are the areas that should give us the greatest pause in using historic records for extrapolations, because earthquakes in these regions show surprisingly large long-term temporal and spatial variations. The very short historic record in North America should, therefore, be used with extreme caution in estimating possible future seismic activity. The geologic history of late Quaternary faulting is the most promising source of statistics on frequencies and locations of large shocks. Seismotectonic relationships in California, where the one-to-one correlation between large earthquakes and active faults is well documented, also apply to other parts of the world to a greater extent than has generally been recognized. The same is true for the frequent evidence of surface faulting associated with both large and small shallow earthquakes. The long history of Turkish earthquakes illustrates marked temporal changes in spatial distribution of seismicity, but all major seismic areas in Turkey could easily have been identified even in the absence of historic records by field studies of Quaternary faulting. Central Japan has so many Quaternary faults that seismic hazard must be considered relatively uniform and widespread. It is disconcerting that some of the largest Japanese earthquakes have occurred on seemingly innocuous faults; conversely, some of the largest and most spectacular faults, such as the Median Tectonic Line and the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, have caused no major earthquakes within the historic record. Abundant evidence of Quaternary and probable Holocene displacements on these two faults, however, suggests that they are likely sources for future large events. China likewise shows close association between active faults and major earthquakes; perhaps in no other part of the world are Quaternary faults more spectacular. A segment of the Philippine fault that was the locus of a recent large earthquake demonstrates that major active faults can be identified adequately in the field even in areas of tropical vegetation. Throughout the world, thrust faults present a special problem in seismic hazard evaluation, because their configurations and degrees of activity are more difficult to determine in the field than those of strike-slip and normal faults. Particularly for thrust faults, trenching and bore-hole techniques are essential exploration tools. The most important contribution to the understanding of long-term seismicity, which is critical to the siting and design of safe structures and to the establishment of realistic building codes, is to learn more — region by region — of the late Quaternary history of deformation.
The histologic evolution of revealed, acute abruptions

There is considerable interest in using pathology to confirm acute abruptions. It has been suggested that pathologic findings can help to determine the timing of abruptions. Because of the dearth of evidence in the literature supporting this claim and its medicolegal implications, we undertook this study to explore further the possibility of timing abruptions by histopathology. We sought to correlate bleeding interval (duration from maternal presentation with vaginal bleeding [revealed abruption] to placental delivery) with placental histopathologic findings. We performed a retrospective review of clinical data and placental pathology from all cases of clinically diagnosed, acute, revealed abruptions at a single, large institution in New England between 2000 and 2015. Cases were identified based on clinical diagnoses, bleeding intervals were calculated from clinical notes, and histologic evaluations were performed by 2 pathologists blinded to the bleeding intervals. A total of 177 cases were analyzed. Of these, 103 (58%) had histologic findings corroborating the clinical diagnosis of abruption. The most frequent finding was maternal surface indentation (51 cases) followed by intravillous hemorrhage (50 cases). The former was also the earliest finding, with a minimum bleeding interval of 4 minutes. In multivariate modeling, plasma cell deciduitis was significantly associated with a longer bleeding interval (median 63 hours). If there were 2 pathologic findings, there was a trend toward a longer bleeding interval. There was modest sensitivity for the pathologic diagnosis of acute revealed abruption. Although there was not a clear, stepwise progression of histologic lesions; the presence of 2 or more findings tended to be seen with longer bleeding intervals. Our results suggest that histologic findings cannot be used to time acute revealed abruptions reliably, and any interpretation of such should be made with caution.
Genes, Gender, Hormones, and Doping in Sport: A Convoluted Tale.

We are writing this piece in the aftermath of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each of the words in the title plays a role(s) in deciding who may compete, especially who may compete as a woman. Sex verification and anti-doping measures are not new in sport. The sex verification process has gone from inspection of genitalia, to Barr body (chromosome), to genes that determine testicular development, to measuring circulating levels of testosterone to now none of these. Genetic differences are clear among animals, whether single genes or the interactions among multiple genes—some of which may confer sport performance advantages, for example, the erythropoietin receptor, may be neutral, for example complete androgen insensitivity or may confer a disadvantage, for example, some of the genes coding for collagen structure. Those involving hormones are to be clearly distinguished from doping, which implies an exogenous source of drug or a prohibited method, such as blood transfusion. Some athletes with medical conditions have low levels of specific hormones and it is medically recognized that hormone replacement is appropriate. For these athletes a therapeutic use exemption (TUE) is available. It is within this context that pediatric and internal medicine endocrinologists become involved in the diagnosis, treatment and longitudinal care of these athletes.